cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia adaptation in fish of the Amazon: a never-ending task

In addition to seasonal long-term changes in dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide, water bodies of the Amazon present periodic short-term episodes of hypoxia and even anoxia. To preserve gas exchange and acid base balance, fish of the Amazon have developed multiple adaptive solutions which occur at all biological levels. These solutions are thought to represent adaptive convergence rather than phylogenetic relatedness. Fish of the Amazon exposed to different experimental conditions adjust, for example, several parameters to improve oxygen transfer from the gas-exchange site to the tissues. These parameters include morphological changes such as the development of the lower lip in Colossoma, changes in ventilation rates, changes in circulatory parameters, increased circulating red blood cells, decreased levels of intraerythrocytic phosphates, and adjustments of intraerythrocytic pH (pHi). These adjustments that allow fish to survive both short- and long-term hypoxia occur in different degrees in different fi...
HIV/AIDS of the Central Nervous System

Neurological disorders have been an important cause of morbidity associated with AIDS since early in the disease epidemic. HIV-associated neurological disorders manifest as disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle. The etiologies of these conditions include opportunistic infections, malignancies, vascular disorders, nutritional diseases, and infection with HIV-1 itself. Neurological diseases occur in the majority of HIV-infected individuals, and often are amenable to disease-specific therapy in combination with antiretroviral treatment. As a result, practitioners must be familiar with the typical spectrum of disorders in this context to optimize the health of the affected individual and relieve the public health burden of these conditions.
Transferring Data from High-Performance Simulations to Extreme Scale Analysis Applications in Real-Time

Extreme scale analytics often requires distributed memory algorithms in order to process the volume of data output by high performance simulations. Traditionally, these analysis routines post-process data saved to disk after a simulation has completed. However, concurrently executing both simulation and analysis can yield great benefits – reduce or eliminate disk I/O, increase output frequency to improve fidelity, and ultimately shorten time-to-discovery. One such method for concurrent simulation and analysis is in transit – transferring data from the resource running the simulation to a separate resource running the analysis. In transit analysis can be beneficial since computational resources may not have certain resources needed for analysis (e.g. GPUs) and to reduce the impact of performing analysis tasks to the run time of the simulation. The work described in this paper compares three techniques for transferring data between distributed memory applications: 1) writing data to and reading data from a parallel file system, 2) copying data into and out of a network-accessed shared memory pool, and 3) streaming data in parallel from the processes in the simulation application to the processes in the analysis application. Our results show that using a shared memory pool and streaming data over high-bandwidth networks can both drastically increase I/O speeds and lead to quicker analysis.
Abstract 675: Analysis of post mastectomy radiation outcomes in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes : A review of the National Cancer Database

Background: The benefit of Post mastectomy radiation (PMRT) has been confirmed in breast cancer patients with ≥4 positive axillary lymph nodes (PALN). The role of PMRT in patients with 1-3 PALN is not well defined. Methods: We identified 102,103 breast cancer patients with mastectomy and 1-3 PALN registered to the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004- 2012. Primary outcome was overall survival. Adjusted variables include age, race, comorbidity, insurance, income, education, distance travelled, diagnosing/treating facility, treatment delays, hormone receptor status, regional lymph nodes, stage and treatment modalities. 8 treatment modalities were defined: +/- radiation, +/- adjuvant chemotherapy, +/- adjuvant hormone therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that predict overall survival. Results: Patients with 1, 2, and 3 PALN comprised 55.7%, 27.6% and 16.6% of the population, respectively. 58.4% of patients received radiation. Younger age ( $46,000, lower AJCC tumor stage, hormone receptor positive status and lower number of PALN were independently associated with a lower risk of death in multivariate analysis. Compared to patients who did not receive additional therapy, radiation alone was associated with a non-significant increased risk of death HR 1.10 (95% CI [0.92-1.31]). The addition of hormone and chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of death HR 0.36 (95% CI [0.33- 0.3]). Stratified by regional lymph nodes, patients with 1 or 2 PALN had a trend towards increased risk of death with radiation alone compared to patients who did not receive radiation, hormone or chemotherapy. In patients with 3 PALN, there was a trend towards reduced mortality with radiation alone HR 0.89 (95% CI [0.63- 1.23]). Conclusions: To our knowledge this retrospective study is the largest such review of the outcomes of breast cancer patients with 1-3 PALN receiving adjuvant radiation following mastectomy. Our study found no measurable reduction in risk of death for those patients who received radiation therapy compared to those who did not. We also note that, with an increasing number of PALN, patients receiving PMRT either alone, or with chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, appeared to have a decrease in the risk of death compared to the populations that had not received PMRT. Based on this analysis, the routine addition of radiation following mastectomy is not indicated in patients with 1-3 PALN. The addition of adjuvant hormone and/or chemotherapy was associated with a significant survival advantage. Citation Format: Anu Paul, Runhua Shi, Prakash Peddi, Gary Burton. Analysis of post mastectomy radiation outcomes in breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes : A review of the National Cancer Database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 675.
Convergence Models and Surprising Results for the Asynchronous Jacobi Method

Asynchronous iterative methods for solving linear systems have been gaining attention due to the high cost of synchronization points in massively parallel codes. Since future parallel computers will likely achieve exascale performance, synchronization may become the primary bottleneck. Historically, theory on asynchronous iterative methods has focused on proving that an asynchronous version of a fixed point method will converge. Additionally, some theory has shown that asynchronous methods can be faster, which has been supported by shared memory experiments. In this paper, we introduce a new way to model asynchronous Jacobi using propagation matrices, which are similar in concept to iteration matrices. With this model, we show that asynchronous Jacobi can reduce the error even if some processes are delayed for a long period of time, which could be due to a hardware malfunction or a large imbalance. We also show that asynchronous Jacobi can converge when synchronous Jacobi does not. We compare model results to shared and distributed memory implementation results, and show that in practice, asynchronous Jacobi's convergence rate improves as we increase the number of processes.
Interference with testosterone-induced growth of the seminal vesicles and coagulating glands in male mice by a folic acid antagonist.

IT has been established that adequate amount, of folic acid are necessary for the elicitation by œstrogens of the growth response of the female genital tract in the chick1,2 and monkey3. Recently, it has been reported that folic acid antagonists markedly decreased the growth response to œ"strogens of the genital tracts of the female chick4,5, rodent6 and frog7.
Premature Aging in Young Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection, treatment, and supportive care have resulted in an estimated 16 million cancer survivors who are alive in the United States today. Outcomes have notably improved for children with cancer as well as young adults with hematologic malignancies due, in part, to the intensification of cancer treatment, including the use of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Emerging evidence suggests that these cancer survivors are at risk for premature aging, manifesting as early onset of chronic health conditions and a higher risk of mortality compared with the general population. Although the pathophysiology of premature aging in these survivors has not been fully elucidated, emerging concepts in aging research could help shed light on this phenomenon. Longitudinal studies are needed to better characterize aging in these survivors, setting the stage for much-needed interventions to halt the trajectory of accelerated aging. These efforts will be enhanced through collaborations between translational researchers, clinical oncologists, primary care providers, geriatricians, patient caretakers, and other stakeholders committed to improving the lives of the growing population of survivors.
Center Variability in Organ Offer Acceptance and Waitlist Mortality in Lung Transplantation

Purpose Lung transplantation (LTx) offers a survival benefit for patients with end-stage lung disease. When suitable donors are identified, centers must accept or decline the offer for a matched candidate on their waitlist. The degree to which center-level variability in organ acceptance impacts candidate survival is not established. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of candidates aged ≥ 12 waitlisted for isolated LTx in the US using UNOS/OPTN data from May 2007 to May 2017. Centers that never had candidates ranked first on a match run >10 times in a year were excluded. Logistic regression was fit to assess the relationship of offer acceptance with donor-, candidate-, and geographic factors. Listing center was evaluated as a fixed effect to determine the adjusted per-center acceptance rate. Competing risks analysis employing the Fine-Gray model was undertaken to ascertain the relationship between the adjusted per-center acceptance rate and waitlist mortality. Results Of 15,847 unique organ offers, 4,735 (29.9%) were accepted for the first-ranked patients. After adjustment for important covariates, transplant centers varied markedly in acceptance rate practices (9% to 67%). Higher cumulative incidence of 1-year waitlist mortality was associated with lower acceptance rate (Figure 1). For every 10% increase in adjusted center acceptance rate, the risk of waitlist mortality decreased by 36.3% (subdistribution hazard ratio 0.637; CI 0.592, 0.685). Importantly, high-acceptance centers that accepted ≥ 40% of their first-ranked offers had improved 1-year post-transplant survival compared to centers with adjusted organ acceptance rates Conclusion Variability in center-level behavior potentially represents the largest modifiable risk factor for prolonged waitlist times and mortality in LTx. Further intervention is needed to standardize center-level organ offer acceptance practices and minimize waitlist mortality at the national level.
The association between weight perception and weight intention in middle school Appalachian students.

Abstract Objectives This study examines the relationships among self-reported body mass index (BMI), weight perception, and weight intention of rural Appalachian middle school students in southwest Virginia where there are higher rates of health disparities influenced by culture, economic distress, and geographic barriers. Study design This was a cross-sectional observational study. Methods Sixth and seventh grade students (n = 492) in seven, rural, southwest Appalachian Virginia middle schools participated in this study in the spring of 2015. Results A relatively high percentage of students classified as overweight/obese based on self-reported BMI (n = 196, 39.8%), yet only 29.3% (n = 144) of students believed themselves to be overweight. More boys (48.3%) than girls (29.8%) were classified based on self-reported BMI to be overweight, yet 44.9% of girls indicated the desire to lose weight. Conclusions Distinct differences between sexes were found, where more boys were classified as overweight/obese and more girls wanted to lose weight. Previous studies have shown that perspectives of overweight/obese differ in Appalachian communities. These results emphasize the need for both region-specific and sex-specific programs for healthy body weights particularly in rural Appalachian United States.
Superficial/Soft Radiation Therapy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer

Similar to surgical modalities such as excision or Mohs micrographic surgery, the bulk of research forming the foundation for radiation therapy has come from retrospective analyses over the past 100 years of patients chosen for radiation therapy. Superficial radiation therapy is a viable and effective treatment option for patients over the age of 60 who are not ideal candidates for surgery. Superficial radiation therapy is curative for 90–95% of primarily treated nonaggressive basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin.
How should we measure the DBH of multi-stemmed urban trees?

Abstract Foresters use diameter at breast height (DBH) to estimate timber volumes, quantify ecosystem services, and predict other biometrics that would be difficult to directly measure. But DBH has numerous problems, including a range of “breast heights” and challenges with applying this standard to divergent tree forms. Our study focuses on street trees that fork between 30 and 137 cm of height (hereafter “multi-stemmed trees”), which researchers have identified as particularly challenging in the ongoing development of urban allometric models, as well as consistency in measurements across space and time. Using a mixed methods approach, we surveyed 25 urban forestry practitioners in twelve cities in the northeastern United States (US) about the measurement and management of multi-stemmed street trees, and intensively measured 569 trees of three frequently planted and commonly multi-stemmed genera (Malus, Prunus, and Zelkova) in Philadelphia, PA, US. Specifically, we measured stem diameter at several distances above the ground: at the root collar, at 30 cm, just below the fork (which occurred between 30 and 137 cm), and at 137 cm (up to six stems following established protocols). Survey responses indicated that current mensuration practices are burdensome, that practitioners employ alternatives to the current protocols for measuring at 137 cm, and that small-statured, frequently multi-stemmed trees are an increasing proportion of street tree populations. Analysis of field data did not find substantial differences between methods of measurement with regard to predictive power for total height and average crown width. Alternatives to the current protocols for measuring at 137 cm have other advantages, including time required, ease of measurement, simplicity, and capacity to compare measurements between trees and over time. For trees that fork between 30 and 137 cm, we recommend taking a single diameter measurement at a lower height—either just below the fork or at 30 cm. Diameter measurements at 30 cm better serve researchers seeking to consistently measure radial growth over time, whereas diameter below the fork may suit practitioners who do not need fine resolution in trunk measurements.
Dosimetric effects of the Smit sleeve on high-dose-rate brachytherapy tandem and ovoids plans for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.

Purpose Smit sleeves are used to facilitate insertion of the intrauterine tandem during brachytherapy for cervical cancer. When a tandem and ovoids system is used the base of the Smit sleeve displaces the ovoids distally. The dosimetric impact of this displacement is not known. Herein we performed a dosimetric analysis to quantify this impact on the integral dose and dose delivered to the organs at risk (OARs). Material and methods Eleven high-dose-rate brachytherapy plans in which a Smit sleeve was used with a tandem and ovoids were reviewed. A second set of plans was generated modifying the position of the ovoids to simulate absence of the Smit sleeve. The high-risk clinical tumor volume (HR-CTV) dose coverage was maintained the same for both sets of plans by appropriately rescaling the dwell times of the simulated plan. The mean integral dose, D2cc to the OARs (bladder, bowel, sigmoid and rectum) and the ICRU rectum point dose were compared between the original and modified plans using a paired two-sample t-test. Results Simulating removal of the Smit sleeve was associated with an average reduction in the mean integral dose of 6.1% (p < 0.001) and an average reduction of 10.9% (p = 0.004) to the rectal D2cc. Doses to the remaining OARs decreased to a lesser magnitude with only that of the sigmoid being statistically significant. Conclusions The use of a Smit sleeve with a tandem and ovoids system could lead to the delivery of a higher mean integral dose to achieve similar HR-CTV coverage. In addition, it could increase the dose to surrounding OARs, primarily the rectum. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown, but the potential dosimetric impact of using a Smit sleeve should be taken into consideration during the planning when this device is used.
1814-P: JAZF1 Knockout Mice Are Protected against Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

JAZF1/TIP27 is a 27kD transcriptional co-regulator. GWAS studies have indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the JAZF1 gene are associated with increased risk of typeII diabetes (T2D) and several autoimmune diseases. Diet induced obesity is a major risk factor for different metabolic disorders, including T2D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To obtain greater insights into the physiological functions of JAZF1, we generated Jazf1 null mice (Jazf1-/-) and fed them a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 to 15 weeks. We demonstrated that Jazf1-/- mice fed-HFD exhibit lower body-weight and fat-mass compared to obese WT mice. HFD-fed Jazf1-/- mice maintained normal blood glucose levels and were more insulin sensitive and glucose tolerant than obese WT-littermates. Histological examination showed that Jazf1-/- mice were less susceptible to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis than WT littermates as indicated by the greatly reduced hepatic lipid droplets (LD) in Jazf1-/- liver. Furthermore, HFD-fed Jazf1-/-mice also showed reduced levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase, enzymes indicative of hepatocytoxicity. HFD-fed Jazf1-/-mice exhibited a dramatic decrease in the level of liver triglycerides. HFD-fed WT mice showed induction of Jazf1 expression in liver as compared to WT mice with normal diet. RNA-seq and qPCR analysis of liver demonstrated that LD-formation genes (e.g., Plin2/Plin3/Plin4/Cd36/Cidec/Cidea) were greatly suppressed in Jazf1-/- compared to WT mice. Go-term and IPA analysis revealed that inflammatory (e.g., Ccl7/Lcn2/Cd14) and hepatic fibrosis (Col1a1/Egr2/Timp1) were among top pathways down-regulated in HFD-fed Jazf1-/- liver. Our results indicate that JAZF1 functions as a critical regulator of LD formation and inflammation in NAFLD and loss of JAZF1 function protects against metabolic syndrome. Our study may provide new insights into the development of progression of metabolic syndrome and its complications. Disclosure C. Srivastava: None. K. Dorr: None. S. Grimm: None. L.M. DeGraff: None. A. Gruzdev: None. A.M. Jetten: None. Funding National Institutes of Health
Downregulation of Interferon- γ Receptor Expression Endows Resistance to Anti-Programmed Death Protein 1 Therapy in Colorectal Cancer

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a frontline treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, only a subset of patients respond to these therapies, and many initial responders eventually develop resistance, leading to tumor relapse. Programmed death protein 1 is one of the checkpoint inhibitors that is expressed on activated T cells and suppresses the antitumor immune response when binding to its ligand, programmed death ligand 1, on tumor cells. Previous studies indicated that loss-of-function mutations in the IFN-γ pathway could result in acquired resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in human patients with cancer. Here, we investigated the effects of the IFN-γ receptor downexpression on the response to an anti-PD-1 antibody (αPD1) in a murine colorectal cancer model and the underlying mechanisms of resistance. IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1 was knocked down in MC38 cells, a murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line using IFNGR1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral particles. Then, MC38 IFNGR1 knockdown (KD) cells and negative control (SC) cells were used in this study. In the C57BL/6 xenograft model, the KD tumor demonstrated resistance to αPD1 in comparison with SC cells. The observed treatment resistance might be associated with reduced tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TILs). When mixed, the resistant (KD) and control cells (SC) grew in spatially separated tumor areas, and αPD1 did not impact this pattern of spatial distribution. Our findings have proved that downregulation of the IFNGR1 endowed resistance to αPD1 and provided the potential mechanisms involving the TILs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Immunological checkpoint blockades have achieved substantial efficacy in a variety of tumors. However, only a subset of patients respond to these therapies, and innate and acquired resistance is widely present. Our study found that the downregulation of the IFN-γ receptor caused resistance to an anti-PD-1 antibody in a murine colorectal cancer model associated with the reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Our findings have substantial implications for improving the efficacy of checkpoint blockades.
Renal allograft surveillance with allospecific T-cytotoxic memory cells.

Allo-antigen-specific T-cytotoxic memory cells (TcM) which express CD40 ligand (CD154) in overnight lymphocyte co-culture are strongly associated with acute cellular rejection (ACR) seen in “for ca...
Equal means equal: Cardiothoracic surgery in its second century.

Abstract Objective As the specialty of cardiothoracic surgery turns the corner into its second century of existence, there has been an uptick in the number of women and underrepresented minorities entering the field, but we have a long way to go before race and gender equity prevails. Methods In this report, specific barriers to diversity without exclusion and mechanisms to breakdown these barriers will be explored. Results Barriers to inclusion include a long-standing deficiency in exposure, encouragement, mentorship, and sponsorship to actively attract underrepresented groups to the specialty. Diversity will not occur passively. It will take a concerted effort best employed through a top-down approach at the local and national level, and it has to seem normal. Conclusions Cardiothoracic surgery is an outstanding field for anyone and everyone who seeks a challenging, rewarding career, regardless of their gender, race, or ethnic background. It is the responsibility of leadership to dispel the tradition that certain individuals are not welcome.
Serum antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus can prognose treatment success in patients with bone infections

Prognosing life-threatening orthopedic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus remains a major clinical challenge. To address this, we developed a multiplex assay to assess the humoral immune proteome against S. aureus in patients with musculoskeletal infections. We found initial evidence that antibodies against some antigens (autolysins: Amd, Gmd; secreted immunotoxins: CHIPS, SCIN, Hla) were associated with protection, whereas antibodies against the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) proteins (IsdA, IsdB, IsdH) were aligned with adverse outcomes. To formally test this, we analyzed antibody levels and 1-year clinical outcomes of 194 patients with confirmed S. aureus bone infections (AO Trauma Clinical Priority Program [CPP] Bone Infection Registry). A staggering 20.6% of the enrolled patients experienced adverse clinical outcomes (arthrodesis, reinfection, amputation, and septic death) after 1-year. At enrollment, anti-S. aureus immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in patients with adverse outcomes were 1.35-fold lower than those in patients whose infections were successfully controlled (p < 0.0001). Overall, there was a 51%-69% reduction in adverse outcome risk for every 10-fold increase in initial IgG concentration against Gmd, Amd, IsdH, CHIPS, SCIN, and Hla (p < 0.05). Notably, anti-IsdB antibodies remained elevated in patients with adverse outcomes; for every 10-fold change in the ratio of circulating anti-Isd to anti-Atl IgG at enrollment, there was a trending 2.6-fold increased risk (odds ratio = 2.555) of an adverse event (p = 0.105). Moreover, antibody increases over time correlated with adverse outcomes and decreases with positive outcomes. These studies demonstrate the potential of the humoral immune response against S. aureus as a prognostic indicator for assessing treatment success and identifying patients requiring additional interventions.
Abstract PS8-07: Predictors of 10-year overall survival in patients with breast cancer

Background: The combination of mass screening programs and improved, targeted therapies have led to a substantial increase in the number of breast cancer (BC) survivors. Despite a growing majority of patients surviving beyond 5 years, few studies have examined prognostic factors associated with 10-year overall survival (OS) in breast cancer. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with BC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Our dataset documents survival leading up to and including the year 2016. Thus, to evaluate factors associated with 10-year OS, we included patients diagnosed between 2004-2006. We described sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of this cohort using frequencies/percentages. Variables were included in a multiple logistic regression model predicting 10-year OS, and considered statistically significant to a p-value Results: A total of n=515,610 patients with BC were analyzed. The age distribution included n=125,657 (24.4%) 70 years. N=440,048 (87.6%) were White, n=52,220 (10.4%) were Black, and n=9872 (2.0%) were Asian. 10-year OS by AJCC clinical stage was: 54.5% for patients diagnosed at stage 0, 50.0% at stage I, 42.4% at stage II, 29.7% at stage III, and 6.1% at stage IV. Sociodemographic variables significantly associated with 10-year OS were: age, race, income, insurance status, and facility type (Table 1). Black patients were less likely to exhibit 10-year OS compared to White patients (40.7% compared to 48.0%, OR 0.821, 95% CI 0.786-0.858, p $46,000 were more likely to experience 10-year OS compared to those with an annual income Conclusions: 10-year OS data for BC is scarce. We found high rates of 10-year OS, particularly in patients diagnosed at early stages. This is welcomed news; emphasizing the real-world impact of population screening. As anticipated, racial disparities and social determinants of health remain relevant prognosticators of long-term survival. Citation Format: Nadeem Bilani, Leah Elson, Hong Liang, Elizabeth Elimimian, Zeina Nahleh. Predictors of 10-year overall survival in patients with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS8-07.
Infection: musculoskeletal

The imaging approach to osteomyelitis has evolved in the past two decades. Advances in MRI allow for whole body imaging, decreasing the need for scintigraphy when symptoms are not localized or the disease may be multifocal. There is an increasing clinical need for depiction of abscesses in the soft tissues and subperiosteal space, particularly because methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections constitute more than one-third of all the infections. The increasing emphasis on radiation dose reduction has also led away from scintigraphy and computed tomography. MR imaging has become the advanced imaging modality of choice in osteomyelitis. There is an increasing understanding of the appropriate role for gadolinium enhancement, which is not indicated when the pre-gadolinium images are normal. Other related infections, including pyomyositis, are best imaged with MRI.
Baking Bread with Domestic Technical Illustration: 19th-21st Centuries

It is the intention of this abstract to do research that explores a history of domestic technical figures from the 19th to the 21st centuries to consider previously overlooked technical documentation in what has been known as “women's work.” This technical communications research is being conducted with considerations of gender theory, rhetorical theory, and usability. It spotlights historically unconsidered technical communication documents as legitimate technical communication, specifically within the genre of cookery books. The importance of documenting these histories is addressed and recipes are followed through the history of American cookery publications to exemplify the progression of domestic technical figures from the 1800s and into the digital age. Plaited bread is selected for this task, bread being one of the oldest domestic technologies. Technical figures are evaluated based on Method of Figure Creation, Clarity, Style, and Appropriateness and general conclusions are then presented along with calls for additional research.
Service-Learning and Geospatial Skills: What Do the Students Think?

This work examines the perceptions and self-assessment of students who took part in a geospatial skill focused service-learning experience during their undergraduate education. Students engaged in a professional working relationship with their county historical society to create story maps for future use in a local museum. Data were collected as part of the student’s coursework in the class Digital Earth, in the geography department; pre- and post-surveys and final exams were used to determine research findings.
Vibration of Rod Structures

This chapter deals with our first application of the matrix methods to the motion of continuous systems. These systems can exhibit quite complicated behavior because the responses are functions of both space and time. We show, however, that spectral analysis can be used to reduce these problems to a series of pseudo-static problems and thus make them amenable to the solution procedures already established. As a special case, we establish the free vibration problem as an eigenvalue problem.
Content of Children's Loss of Control Eating Episodes Assessed by Self‐Report and Laboratory Test Meal

Pediatric loss of control (LOC) eating heightens risk for excessive weight gain and further disordered eating. Assessment of LOC typically involves self-report interview or laboratory test meal, although no study has concurrently examined data from both methods. We gathered eating episode data via interview (Child Eating Disorder Examination; ChEDE) and a laboratory test meal, among 22 overweight girls (aged 7–12 years) reporting LOC eating. Children consumed more energy during ChEDE episodes, although ChEDE and test meal episodes did not differ in macronutrient content. Episodes' correlation for amount consumed (grams) did not reach significance, p = .076. In exploratory analyses among the seven children reporting LOC during the test meal, episodes were significantly correlated for grams consumed. Findings provide preliminary data to suggest that semi-structured interviews accurately capture children's LOC episode quantity. Episodes did not qualitatively differ, although children reported consuming more energy during self-reported episodes. Replication is warranted in larger studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Phase calibration of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA)

Summary form only given. The delay through a microwave receiver can be calibrated by injecting short-duration pulses ( >
Darkness at Noon: Judicial Interpretation May Have Made Things Worse for Benefit Plan Participants Under ERISA than had the Statute Never Been Enacted

The author argues that judicial decisions under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 have been so constrictive and anti-employee, over such a long time, that it can now be said that participants in employer-sponsored pension and health insurance plans would have been better off, on balance, if the statute had never been enacted. Given that the Act’s stated purpose was to protect benefit plan participants, this is a surprising conclusion to have to reach. Nonetheless the argument is strong, and is validated in part by the thousands of cases that have accumulated in which plan participants/plaintiffs have been forced to argue ERISA does not apply to their claims, as a precondition to salvaging those claims.
Male Chimpanzees Prefer Mating with Old Females

Cross-cultural studies indicate that women's sexual attractiveness generally peaks before motherhood and declines with age. Cues of female youth are thought to be attractive because humans maintain long-term pair bonds, making reproductive value (i.e. future reproductive potential) particularly important to males. Menopause is believed to exaggerate this preference for youth by limiting women's future fertility. This theory predicts that in species lacking long-term pair bonds and menopause, males should not exhibit a preference for young mates. We tested this prediction by studying male preferences in our closest living relative, the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). We show that despite their promiscuous mating system, chimpanzee males, like humans, prefer some females over others. However, in contrast to humans, chimpanzee males prefer older, not younger, females. These data robustly discriminate patterns of male mate choice between humans and chimpanzees. Given that the human lineage evolved from a chimpanzee-like ancestor, they indicate that male preference for youth is a derived human feature, likely adapted from a tendency to form unusually long term mating bonds.
Tissue modification with feedback: the smart scalpel

While feedback control is widespread throughout many engineering fields, there are almost no examples of surgical instruments that utilize a real-time detection and intervention strategy. This concept of closed loop feedback can be applied to the development of autonomous or semi- autonomous minimally invasive robotic surgical systems for efficient excision or modification of diseased tissue. Spatially localized regions of the tissue are first probed to distinguish pathological from healthy tissue based on differences in histochemical and morphological properties. Energy is directed to only the diseased tissue, minimizing collateral damage by leaving the adjacent healthy tissue intact. Continuous monitoring determines treatment effectiveness and, if needed, enables real-time treatment modifications to produce optimal therapeutic outcomes. The present embodiment of this general concept is a microsurgical instrument we call the Smart Scalpel, designed to treat skin angiodysplasias such as port wine stains. Other potential Smart Scalpel applications include psoriasis treatment and early skin cancer detection and intervention.
Microcomputer simulation of semiconductor junction characteristics

We have developed a student-oriented computer program which can be used for simulating the characteristics of a semiconductor junction on a personal computer. The program is written in FORTRAN 77 and the graphics have been incorporated using a package called GRAFMATIC. The program has been used to study the ideal static and dynamic characteristics of PN junctions at different operating temperatures and the effects of the generation and recombination in the depletion layer have been analyzed.
MEASUREMENT OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN THE RAT AS AN INDICATOR OF FLATULENCE ACTIVITY

A method is reported for collecting and measuring the production of hydrogen and methane by the laboratory rat as an indication of flatulence activity of test diets. The system employs a life-support system with frequent and regular monitoring of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and methane by gas chromatography. The duration of and time required for maximum production of hydrogen and methane varied among diets. Two parameters were selected for quantitation based on the typical hydrogen production pattern: the shape of the curve which represents the maximum rate of production, and the total quantity of hydrogen accumulated prior to the animal returning to its basal rate of hydrogen production. The age of the animals and their dietary history influenced their response to legume- and raffinose-containing diets. The high degree of variability noted among rats required a large number of observations to be taken for each diet in order to report statistically significant differences among diets. This method offers an inexpensive, although time consuming, method of predicting flatulence activity.
Nomenclatural Revision for the Order Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia

The order Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia describes the dry grasslands of a large area in southeastern Europe, centred around and east of the Adriatic Sea (i.e., Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia). Most commonly, Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia is arranged within the classes Festuco-Brometea or Brachypodio-Chrysopogonetea or it is split into two orders classified within Festuco-Brometea and Thero-Brachypodietea; according to other minor opinions, the order is sometimes assigned to Brachypodio-Brometea, Thero-Brachypodietea or Ononido-Rosmarinetea. This report deals with the nomenclatural revision of Scorzonero-Chrysopogonetalia and other correlated syntaxa to sort out the numerous incorrect syntaxon names found in scientific literature. The revision is carried out according to the third edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature, and while it focuses on ranks of order, alliance and suballiance, it is also enlarged to include associations quoted in major comprehensive syntaxonomic revisions. As a result, many names and authors’ citations of syntaxa are corrected, and the theoretical implications arising from their usage are indicated. To promote nomenclatural stability, a new alliance, Violo pseudogracilis-Bromopsion caprinae, is described, and the following syntaxa are validated: Hypochoeridion maculatae, Hypochoeridenion maculatae, Astragalo croatici-Seslerietum robustae, Avenulo praeustae-Brometum erecti, Bromo erecti-Seslerietum interruptae, Carici vernae-Scabiosetum leucophyllae, Globulario cordifoliae-Scabiosetum leucophyllae, Globulario elongatae-Chrysopogonetum grylli, Minuartio capillaceae-Genistetum pulchellae, Stipo eriocaulis-Caricetum humilis and Stipo pennatae-Genistetum dalmaticae. Additionally, three association names (Asphodelo albi-Filipenduletum vulgaris, Centaureo rupestris-Caricetum humilis and Cymbopogono hirti-Brachypodietum ramosi) are proposed for inversions, and three others (Festuco illyricae-Poetum bulbosae, Lactuco vimineae-Bothriochloetum ischaemum and Saturejo montanae-Dichanthietum ischaemum) are corrected. Finally, typifications of 16 syntaxa are given.
The KO roots of Taylorâ s Value-Added Model

The model developed by Bob Taylor for his book Value-Added Processes in Information Systems (1986) has been highly influential in the field of library and information science. Yet despite its impact on the broader field, the potential of the Value-Added Model has gone largely unexplored by knowledge organization researchers. Unraveling the history behind Taylor’s development of the model highlights the significant role played by professional indexers. The Value-Added Model is thus reexamined for its potential as a flexible framework for evaluating knowledge organization systems.
Integration of the Schrödinger Equation in Imaginary Time. II.

Abstract Numerical techniques for the integration of the Schrodinger equation in imaginary time are investigated. Because the spatial dependence of the solution in the limit of large imaginary time is that of the ground state of the Hamiltonian, the method can be applied to bound states of quantum-mechanical three-body systems. Knowledge of the analytic dependence of the asymptotic form of the wavefunction on the trial eigenvalue is not required. In this paper, the first of a series, we have confined our attention to the problems arising from the imaginary time integration and reserve for a later date a discussion of the problems that are due to a multidimensional spatial grid.
14N nuclear quadrupole resonance in the barbiturates

The 14N nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies at 77 K are reported for several barbiturates. Differences between charge densities in the π and various σ orbitals at the nitrogen site are obtained. The charge distributions are correlated with various substituents, and are discussed with emphasis on the effects of phenyl substituents, hydrogen bonding, and formation of the sodium salt.
Simple realization of the inflationary expansion of the universe.

The time evolution of the $N$-vector model coupled to the Einstein field equation in a Robertson-Walker metric is studied numerically under the assumption of initial equilibrium at high temperatures and in the limit as $N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. The system shows inflationary expansion of the Robertson-Walker scale factor, $a(t)$, over many $e$-foldings as well as local ordering. The associated structure factor develops a Bragg peak near zero wave number which has the proper weight for a spontaneously broken symmetry and has a width (inversely proportional to a characteristic domain size) which is inversely proportional to $a(t)$.
Migration versus Inversion in Electromagnetic Imaging Technique.

One of the most challenging problems in electromagnetic (EM) geophysical methods is developing fast and stable methods of imaging inhomogeneous underground structures using EM data. In our previous publications we developed a novel approach to this problem, using EM migration. In this paper we demonstrate that there is a very close connection between the method of EM migration and the solution of the conventional EM inverse problem. Actually, we show that migration is an approximate inversion. It realizes the first iteration in the inversion algorithm, based on the minimization of the residual field energy flow through the profile of observations. This new theoretical result opens a way for formulating a new imaging condition. We compare this new imaging condition with the traditional one, obtained for simplified geoelectrical models of the subsurface structures. This result also leads to the construction of a solution of the inverse EM problem, based on iterative EM migration in the frequency domain, and gradient (or conjugate gradient) search for the optimal geoelectrical model. However, the authors have found that in the framework of this method, even the first iteration, based on the migration of the residual field, generates a reasonable geoelectrical image of the subsurface structure.
The effect of bulbocapnine upon the spontaneous electric activity of the brain and its reactivity to afferent stimuli

Abstract 1. 1. In catalepsy producing doses bulbocapnine has a slight depressive effect upon the electric activity of the cerebrum, that may be detected in the prosencephalon, diencephalon and mesencephalon. It affects chiefly the fast activity. Only occasionally slow waves or transitory excitatory states were seen with the doses used. 2. 2. In the cataleptic state the reactivity of the cortex and various subcortical areas (hypothalamus, reticulate substance of the midbrain, cerebellar cortex) to afferent impulses is preserved, or even increased. 3. 3. Simultaneous recordings from cortex and various subcortical areas reveal rather variable differences in the degree in which these regions may be affected, indicating that some degree of independence of the functional states of these regions may exist.
The liquid surfactant membrane process: Effect of the emulsifier type on copper extraction by LIX65N-LIX63 mixtures

In order to investigate the role of the emulsifier type in the liquid surfactant membrane (LSM) extraction process, a comparative study of the performance of four different emulsifiers, Span 80 (active ingredient: sorbitan monooleate), Arlacel 83 (active ingredients: sorbitan mono- and dioleates), Span 85 (active ingredient: sorbitan trioleate), and Brij 72 (active ingredient: polyoxyethylene(2)stearyl ether) in LSM copper extraction systems has been undertaken. The experimental techniques employed included interfacial tension, membrane-phase viscosity, emulsion viscosity, membrane stability (as determined by K+ transfer from the internal to the external phase) and LSM copper transfer measurements. Interfacial tension measurements conducted both in the presence and in the absence of the extractant (LIX65N) indicated that the interfacial activity of the emulsifiers increased in the order Brij 72 < Span 85 ⪡ Arlacel 83 ⋍ Span 80. The emulsifier concentration required to achieve good stability varied widely with the emulsifier type (e.g., 0.1 kmol m−3 Span 80, 0.32 kmol m−3 Span 85, and 0.37 kmol m−3 Brij 72 at 5% membrane breakdown) and correlated with the relative interfacial activities. With the exception of Brij 72 LSMs which gave negligible copper transfer, metal extraction at first increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased as the emulsifier concentration was increased. The initial increase was attributed to a decrease in membrane breakdown. On the other hand, the subsequent decrease in copper extraction with increase in emulsifier concentrations was attributed to a number of possible factors including a decrease in the rate of copper complexation at the membrane phase/external phase interface, an increase in the interfacial viscosity, a decrease in the movement of the internal phase droplets within emulsion globules, and a decrease in the external interfacial area available for metal extraction. The emulsifier concentration giving the extraction maximum increased in the order: Span 80 (23.2 g L−1, 0.054 kmol m−3) ⋍ Arlacel 83 (23.2 g L−1) ⪡ Span 85 (155 g L−1, 0.162 kmol m−3). The corresponding copper extraction (at 2 h) increased in the order: Span 85 (28%) ⪡ Arlacel 83 (78%) < Span 80 (89%). Interfacial tension studies indicated that the very poor extraction performance of Brij 72 LSMs was a result of the complete displacement of LIX65N from the membrane phase/external phase interface/external phase interface. In addition, viscosity measurements indicated that the low copper extraction by Span 85 LSMs might be a result of a relatively low membrane phase/external phase interfacial area or relatively low values for the diffusivities of the carrier and the metal-carrier complex within the bulk membrane phase.