cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
It Takes Two The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy

Although current theories suggest that affective empathy (perceivers' experience of social targets' emotions) should contribute to empathic accuracy (perceivers' ability to accurately assess targets' emotions), extant research has failed to consistently demonstrate a correspondence between them. We reasoned that prior null findings may be attributable to a failure to account for the fundamentally interpersonal nature of empathy, and tested the prediction that empathic accuracy may depend on both targets' tendency to express emotion and perceivers' tendency to empathically share that emotion. Using a continuous affect-rating paradigm, we found that perceivers' trait affective empathy was unrelated to empathic accuracy unless targets' trait expressivity was taken into account: Perceivers' trait affective empathy predicted accuracy only for expressive targets. These data suggest that perceivers' self-reported affective empathy can indeed predict their empathic accuracy, but only when targets' expressivity allows their thoughts and feelings to be read.
Process-channel/sub agent/-process model of asynchronous distributed communication

A simple model of asynchronous distributed communication, the process-to-channel/sub agent/-to-process (PCP) model, is presented. This model is used as a framework for presenting channel grammars that specify channel behavior. The PCP model, in conjunction with channel grammars, provides a versatile and succinct mechanism for specifying and comparing different types of channels, as well as for designing channel implementations. The usefulness of these tools is demonstrated by presenting an implementation of hierarchical F-channels, which are channels based on hierarchical communication speeds and F-channels. >
The Power of Shame and the Rationality of Trust

Experimental evidence and a host of recent theoretical ideas take aim at the common economic assumption that individuals are selfish. The arguments made suggest that intrinsic social preferences of one kind or another are at the heart of unselfish, pro-social behavior that is often observed. I suggest an alternative motive based on shame that is imposed by the extrinsic beliefs of others, which is distinct from the more common approaches to social preferences such as altruism, a taste for fairness, reciprocity, or self-identity perception. The motives from shame are consistent with observed behavior in previously studied experiments, but more importantly, they imply new testable predictions. A new set of experiments confirm both that shame is a motivator, and that trusting players are strategically rational in that they anticipate the power of shame. Some implications for policy and strategy are discussed.
Receptor-Interacting Protein 2 Controls Pulmonary Host Defense to Escherichia coli Infection via the Regulation of Interleukin-17A

Recognition of microbial patterns by host receptors is the first step in a multistep sequence leading to neutrophil-dependent host resistance. Although the role of membrane-bound sensors in bacterial recognition has been examined in detail, the importance of cytosolic sensors in the lungs is largely unexplored. In this context, there is a major lack of understanding related to the downstream signaling mediators, such as cells and/or molecules, during acute extracellular Gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. In order to determine the role of NOD-like receptors (NLRs), we used an experimental Escherichia coli infection model using mice deficient in the gene coding for the NLR adaptor, receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2). RIP2(-/-) mice with E. coli infection displayed higher bacterial burden and reduced neutrophil recruitment and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), and CXCL5/LIX expression, along with attenuated histopathological changes in the lungs. Decreased IL-17A levels were observed, along with lower numbers of IL-17A-producing T cells, in RIP2(-/-) mice after infection. RIP2(-/-) mice also show reduced IL-6 and IL-23 levels in the lungs, along with decreased activation of STAT3 after infection. Furthermore, activation of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in the lungs of infected RIP2(-/-) mice were attenuated following infection. Although neutrophil mobilization to the blood was impaired in RIP2(-/-) mice following infection, the expression of CD62P, CD11a/18, CD11b, and CXCR2 on blood and lung neutrophils was not altered between infected wild-type (WT) and RIP2(-/-) mice. Thus, RIP2 contributes to neutrophil-dependent host defense against an extracellular Gram-negative pathogen via (i) IL-17A regulation and (ii) neutrophil mobilization to the blood.
Convergence of the CRZ and DMS formats in WDM systems using dispersion management

We have carried out simulations to compare the chirped return to zero (CRZ) systems of Bergano et al. (see OFC 1998, paper PD 12) and the dispersion managed soliton (DMS) systems of Favre, et al. (see Electron. Lett., vol. 33, p. 2135, 1997). Our results show remarkable similarities, indicating the convergence of soliton and non-soliton formats in practice.
Multiattribute Dimensions of Service Quality in the All-You-Can-Eat Buffet Restaurant Industry

As the buffet restaurant industry grows in popularity in the Western industrialized world, it has also become increasingly competitive. In such an environment, marketers are understandably concerned about how to maintain or increase market share through better service quality and effective segmentation strategies. This article reports a two-phase study conducted to determine the dimensions of service quality in the all-you-can-eat buffet restaurant industry from the consumer's perspective. Factor analysis revealed twelve distinct dimensions made up of 87 different attributes. The 12 dimensions were able to discriminate among three groups of buffet restaurant patrons, namely: the (a) frequent, (b) less frequent, and (c) more frequent patrons. Managerial implications of these findings for market segmentation, targeting, and promotional strategies are discussed.
Cutaneous Hodgkin's disease

Cutaneous Hodgkin's disease is a rare condition that usually occurs late in the course of Hodgkin's lymphoma. This rare condition is thought to have decreased in incidence in recent decades, likely owing to improved treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease, who are receiving improved chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and the advent of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. We present the case of a man who developed specific cutaneous Hodgkin's lymphoma 6 months after nonmyeloablative allogenic stem cell transplantation for his recurrent systemic disease. The patient's manifestation of relapse was cutaneous dissemination of the tumor, manifested by erythematous papules and ulcerated nodules. At the time of the cutaneous relapse he had minimal systemic disease. This case illustrates an example of this complication of Hodgkin's disease and stresses the importance of a timely diagnosis to direct appropriate therapy. A review of the literature demonstrates that the patient's lesion morphology and distribution are typical of specific manifestations of cutaneous Hodgkin's disease.
Condition Monitoring of Electrolytic Capacitor in Power Electronic Circuits using Adaptive Filter Modeling

Electrolytic capacitors are responsible for frequent breakdowns of static converters. To set a predictive maintenance, adaptive filter modeling based method is presented using LMS algorithm. Signature of changes in capacitance and ESR will reflect in capacitor ripple voltage because of aging; and these changes are monitored using this adaptive filter modeling to predict the future status of the capacitor using only the input current of the system
Control of working memory content in schizophrenia

People with schizophrenia (PSZ) exhibit signs of reduced working memory (WM) capacity. However, this may reflect an impairment in managing its content, e.g. preventing irrelevant information from taking up available storage space, rather than a true capacity reduction. We tested the ability to eliminate and update WM content in 38 PSZ and 30 healthy control subjects (HCS). Images of real-world objects were presented consecutively, and a tone cued the item most likely to be tested for memory. On half the trials, randomly intermixed, a second tone occurred. Participants were informed that the item cued by the second tone was now the most likely to be tested, and the item cued by the first tone now the least likely, providing incentive to eliminate the first cued item from WM. Both HCS and PSZ displayed a robust performance advantage for cued items. Unexpectedly, PSZ more efficiently removed the no-longer-essential item from WM than HCS. The magnitude of the WM clearance of this first cued item correlated with memory performance for the newly prioritized second cued item in PSZ, indicating that it was adaptive. However, WM clearance was not associated with WM capacity, ruling out the need to budget limited resources as an explanation for greater clearance in PSZ. A robust correlation between WM clearance and poverty of speech in PSZ instead suggests that the propensity to rapidly clear non-essential information and minimize the number of items in WM may be the reflection of a negative symptom trait. This finding may reflect a more general tendency of PSZ to focus processing more narrowly than HCS.
Preliminary Assessment of Perchlorate in Ecological Receptors at the Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LHAAP), Karnack, Texas

There have been increasing human health and ecological concerns about ionic perchlorate (ClO − ) since it was detected in drinking water sources in 1997. Perchlorate is known to affect thyroid function, causing subsequent hormone disruption and potential perturbations of metabolic activities. According to current estimates, perchlorate is found in the surface or groundwater of 14 states, including Texas. Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, located in east central Texas, was a facility historically associated with perchlorate-containing propellants and rocket motors. Subsequently, perchlorate contamination in ground and surface waters at the facility has been reported. Soil, sediment, water, vegetation, and animal tissue samples were collected from several locations within the plant for a preliminary site assessment of perchlorate contamination. Perchlorate concentrations ranged from 555-5,557,000 ppb in vegetation, 811-2038 ppb in aquatic insects, below detection limits (ND) to 207 ppb in fish, ND-580 ppb in frogs, and ND-2328 ppb in mammals. Consistent with our hypothesis, aquatic organisms inhabiting perchlorate-contaminated surface water bodies contained detectable concentrations of perchlorate. Additionally, terrestrial organisms were exposed through path- ways not necessarily related to contaminated surface waters. Therefore, these data demonstrate that aquatic and terrestrial species are exposed to perchlorate in the environment. To our knowledge, this represents the first incidence of perchlorate exposure among wild animals reported in the scientific literature.
On the acceleration sensitivity and its active reduction by edge electrodes in at-cut Quartz resonators

Incremental piezoelectric equations for small vibrations superposed on initial deformations are presented. The equations are implemented in COMSOL finite element models (FEA). Equations are validated by comparing the results for the force sensitivity coefficient Kf of a circular quartz plate subjected to a pair of diametrical forces with measured data. The model results show a consistent trend with the experimental results, and the relative difference between our FEA results and Ballato's measured result is about 13%. A detailed study of the acceleration sensitivity of a rectangular AT-cut quartz plate is presented. The plate resonator is fixed along one edge as a cantilever. For AT-cut quartz resonators with the crystal digonal X-axis perpendicular to plate X-axis, the in-plane acceleration sensitivity is found to be negligible compared with the out-of-plane (Y-axis) acceleration sensitivity. For AT-cut quartz resonators with the crystal digonal X-axis parallel to plate X-axis, the Y-axis acceleration sensitivity is found to be rectified, that is the fractional change in frequency is positive with respect to both positive and negative Y-axis accelerations. The Y-axis acceleration sensitivity is small in comparison with the in-plane acceleration sensitivity for small body forces. However, for large body forces, the Y-axis acceleration sensitivity dominates because it increases nonlinearly with the Y-axis acceleration. The resonator rectified acceleration sensitivity is confirmed by phase noise measurements. For reduced acceleration sensitivity, two pairs of electrodes along the plate edges reduce the bending of the plate resonator and subsequently reduce acceleration sensitivity. We present a new method using these edge electrodes in which a dc bias field is employed to control the resonant frequency of resonator subjected to g body forces. A dc bias field with an appropriate dc bias voltage could potentially yield a reduction of acceleration sensitivity in Y-axis direction of about two orders of magnitude.
Primary Human Immune Response to Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C in Interleukin-12—Treated Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice Engrafted with Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

Lack of primary immune response in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice engrafted with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) has limited the applicability of this model. Use of human cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-12, was studied in the hu-PBL-SCID model. SCID mice were treated with IL-12 and reconstituted with hu-PBL in T replacement factor. The hu-PBL-SCID mice were immunized with serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide (MCPS). The MCPS-specific antibody response was determined by ELISA. Thirteen of the 15 immunized, IL-12-treated hu-PBL-SCID mice demonstrated a primary human antibody response to MCPS ranging from 0.25 to 3.3 microg/mL, while no MCPS-specific antibody response was detectable in the 18 controls. Expression of cross-reactive idiotypic markers found on human anti-MCPS antibodies in the immunized hu-PBL-SCID mice was similar to that observed in immunized volunteers.
Practice Guideline for the ED Management of Falls in Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons

Abstract [Baraff LJ, Della Penna R, Williams N, Sanders A: Practice guideline for the ED management of falls in community-dwelling elderly persons. Ann Emerg Med October 1997;30:480-489.]
Combined Structural and Control Optimum Design of Fuzzy Composite Structures

In most practical applications, the structural and material parameters of composite structures vary considerably and are subject to uncertainties, mainly due to the uncontrollable aspects associated with the manufacturing of composite materials. In many cases, the loads acting on a composite structure may not be known precisely. Fuzzy composite structures involve fuzzy uncertainties, which means that the structural and material parameters and the loads, as well as the model of the composite structure, are fuzzy. In these cases, fuzzy set theories, fuzzy finite element analysis, and fuzzy control theory can be used to model, analyze, and control complex fuzzy composite structures. Because the design of efficient and high-performance structural systems is of fundamental interest to engineers, systematic methodologies are to be used for the combined structural and active control system synthesis in many applications. To satisfy any desired structural and control performance characteristics of fuzzy laminated...
The classical spin-1/2 tachyon field

We present the classical theory of a set of two spinor fields patterned closely after the Dirac theory in two-component form, but each field obeys a modified Klein-Gordon equation, in which the sign ofm 2 has been changed. The solution contains parts with real and imaginary frequencies, that contribute differently to conserved quantities such as the charge and the energy-momentum vector. We also show how the minimal interaction with the electromagnetic field is obtained.
Photonic materials, structures and devices for Reststrahlen optics

We present a review of existing and potential next-generation far-infrared (20-60 μm) optical materials and devices. The far-infrared is currently one of the few remaining frontiers on the optical spectrum, a space underdeveloped and lacking in many of the optical and optoelectronic materials and devices taken for granted in other, more technologically mature wavelength ranges. The challenges associated with developing optical materials, structures, and devices at these wavelengths are in part a result of the strong phonon absorption in the Reststrahlen bands of III-V semiconductors that collectively span the far-infrared. More than just an underexplored spectral band, the far-IR may also be of potential importance for a range of sensing applications in astrochemistry, biology, and industrial and geological processes. Additionally, with a suitable far-IR optical infrastructure, it is conceivable that even more applications could emerge. In this review, we will present recent progress on far-infrared materials and phenomena such as phononic surface modes, engineered composite materials, and optoelectronic devices that have the potential to serve as the next generation of components in a far-infrared optical tool-kit.
Quartz-coesite transition revisited; reversed experimental determination at 500-1200 degrees C and retrieved thermochemical properties

We have determined the quartz-coesite transition by reversed experiments in a pistoncylinder apparatus in the range 500-1200 0c. The differencebetween the sample pressure and apparent pressure was calibrated by (1) studying the friction decay in the hysteresis loop defined by the relationship between apparent ("nominal") pressure and piston position in the compression and decompression cycles, and (2) determining the melting temperature of LiCl by DTA in pressure cells similar to those used in the reversal experiments and comparing the results with those determined in the gas apparatus. The equilibrium transition boundary can be expressed as P (kbar) = 21.945 (:to.1855) + 0.006901 (:to.0003)T (K). It is subparallel to, but -1.5 kbar higher than, the transition boundary determined by Bohlen and Boettcher (1982). We have also retrieved the entropy [39.56 :t 0.2 J/(mol. K)] and enthalpy off ormation (-907.25 :t 0.007 kJ/mol) from elements of coesite at 1 bar, 298 K., from our phase-equilibrium data and selected thermochemical data from the literature. From the characteristics of the hysteresis loop we conclude that the often-used practice of maintaining a constant nominal pressure by repeated pressure adjustment during an experiment leads to variation of pressure on the sample.
Probing nanoscale tissue structure using light scattering

Light scattering by a tissue encodes the size distribution and granularity of the scattering structures in the tissue. The paper discusses (1) goniometry, (2) diffuse light scattering, (3) confocal reflectance, and (4) planar backscatter spectrum.
Women's acceptance of cosmetic surgery across the menstrual cycle

Abstract Women compete to attract mates through self-promotion of their physical characteristics, and this is most pronounced in the fertile late-follicular phase of their menstrual cycles. Thus, we hypothesized that women in the late-follicular phase would report greater acceptance of cosmetic surgery than women in the non-fertile mid-luteal phase. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found a marginally significant effect whereby acceptance of cosmetic surgery was higher in the luteal phase compared to the late-follicular phase when controlling for self-esteem. Lower acceptance of cosmetic surgery at peak fertility may reflect women's intolerance of artificial (i.e., dishonest) attractiveness-enhancing procedures when mating opportunities are most critical, but further research is needed. Additionally, women's general approval of cosmetic surgery was positively predicted by their reported appearance-contingent self-worth and negatively predicted by self-worth contingent on being a virtuous person. This suggests that the greater the virtue individuals believe themselves to possess, the more readily they ascribe judgment to others.
Adducins are Negative Regulators of Migration and Invasion of Normal Lung Epithelial Cells and Lung Cancer Cells

ADDUCINS ARE NEGATIVE REGULATORS OF MIGRATION AND INVASION OF NORMAL LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS AND LUNG CANCER CELLS ByParth Hitenbhai Amin, M.S. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University 2016 Major Director: Dr. Andrei Ivanov, Associate Professor Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Cell migration is an important component of many physiological and pathological processes such as tissue and organ morphogenesis during development, wound healing, inflammatory immune response, and tumor metastasis. The actin cytoskeleton is the basic engine driving cell migration. In the present study, we elucidate the role of an important actin interacting proteins, Adducins, in motility of normal lung epithelium and lung cancer cells. Adducins are the family of cytoskeleton protein capping the fast growing end and facilitating the bundling of actin filaments. Adducins are encoded by the three closely related genes namely alpha (ADD1), beta (ADD2) and gamma (ADD3) Adducin. ADD1 and ADD3 are ubiquitously expressed, whereas ADD2 is most abundant in brain and erythrocytes. Adducins are also involved in recruiting spectrin to the actin filaments forming spectrin-actin membrane skeletal network. Its role in cell motility remains controversial. In this study, we observed that CRISPR/Cas9 mediated stable knockout of ADD1 and ADD3 in 16HBE normal lung epithelium cells significantly increases transfilter migration of cells. On the other hand, stable overexpression of ADD1 in H1299 Non-Small Cell lung cancer cells significantly decreases wound healing, transfilter migration and Matrigel invasion of the cells. Importantly, the effects of Adducin depletion and overexpression on cell motility were not due to altered cell proliferation. ADD1 overexpressed H1299 cells were characterized by the increased adhesion and spreading on the collagen matrix. Fluorescence microscopy revealed alterations in their cortical actin cytoskeleton that was manifested in the assembly of peripheral F-actin bundles and formation of filopodia-like protrusions. These findings suggest that Adducins are negative regulators of motility of normal lung epithelial and lung cancer cells that act by altering the architecture of submembranous actin cytoskeleton and modulating cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
Genome Editing in Stem Cells

Monumental advances in molecular biology over the past few decades have provided us with tools that have revolutionized the study of genetics. With the expansive amount of information gained by the sequencing of the human genome, scientists have been charged with the task of attributing cellular phenomena to the information encoded by genes. A “reverse genetics” approach has been employed by introducing specific modifications in the expression of a particular gene to examine the resulting phenotype. While initial techniques revolved around interference at the post-transcriptional level, targeting the genome directly has enhanced our ability to study gene function. In this chapter, we will discuss the history of genome editing, the various technologies to modify the genome and, in particular, highlight the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Due to its versatility and ease of programmability, CRISPR/Cas9 captivates the attention of scientists and is crucial to elucidate genetic function. Now, scientists can emulate monogenic diseases to study pathogenesis on the molecular and cellular levels. In addition, medical personnel could revert a deleterious mutation to its wild-type form as a potential genetic therapy. Genome editing has already advanced and continues to advance academic research and personalized medicine to unprecedented heights.
Towards a model of computer systems research

This paper develops a model of computer systems research as a way of helping explain to prospective authors the often obscure workings of conference program committees. While our goal is primarily descriptive, we use the model to motivate several recent changes in conference design and to suggest some further potential improvements.
Splenic B cells contribute to intraocular tumor progression

Primary intraocular melanomas heavily infiltrated by CD8+ T cells and macrophages are generally larger, more heavily vascularized tumors with a genetic profile indicating greater risk of metastasis to the liver. To better understand how the tumoricidal activity of these immune cell populations is inhibited within the eye, a site of immune privilege, we developed a mouse model of intraocular tumor development in which immunogenic E.G7-OVA tumor cells transplanted in the anterior chamber form progressively growing intraocular tumors in C57Bl/6 mice despite infiltration by tumor-specific CD8+ T Cells and macrophages. Recently, we demonstrated that splenectomy prior to tumor challenge restored tumoricidal activity of CD8+ T cells and macrophages and promoted complete elimination of established intraocular tumors. Herein, we show that E.G7-OVA tumors transplanted in the eye of B cell deficient μMT mice are rejected by CD8+ T cells. The rejection of intraocular tumors in μMT mice was not due to abnormal splenic architecture but rather stemmed from the absence of tumor-specific B cells as mice transgenic for an immunoglobulin molecule to an irrelevant antigen (hen egg lysozyme) also rejected intraocular E.G7-OVA tumors. These data suggest that intraocular tumor development induces the generation of tumor-specific regulatory B cells (Breg) in the spleen. How these Breg contribute to intraocular tumor growth is not completely understood. However, intraocular E.G7-OVA tumors grew progressively in mice deficient in activation-induced cytidine deaminase that cannot undergo isotype class switching suggesting that secreted tumor specific IgG does not contribute to inhibiting tumoricidal activity within the eye.
The effects of dependent beliefs on endogenous leverage

Abstract The number of financial markets and the beliefs about the relation between markets can have large effects on the access to credit in a model with collateralized borrowing. In the model, investors have beliefs about the payout likelihoods for assets. I vary the degree of dependence between the likelihoods for the asset payouts and solve for the endogenous leverage ratios. When investors believe that the payouts of the assets are more dependent, the model predicts higher leverage ratios for all assets. When the number of financial markets available to investors increases, a condition in terms of the belief elasticity characterizes whether or not the leverage ratios increase.
The Twilight of the United Kingdom & Tiocfaidh ár lá: Twenty Years after the Good Friday Agreement

AbstractThe Good Friday or Belfast Agreement was reached just over 20 years ago. This article introduces a special issue devoted to appraising its subsequent trajectory. It provides a brief resume of the Agreement’s contents as a peace agreement, and as a regional consociation with confederal and federal possibilities. The outworkings and partial implementation of the Agreement are reviewed against a theoretical appraisal of the circumstances under which consociations decay, organically dissolve, or definitively break down. Northern Ireland is not in these circumstances, yet. The impact of UK’s referendum to leave the European Union (EU) is evaluated as well as ‘the year of the four votes’ in 2016–2017, which have jointly left Northern Ireland without a functioning executive or Assembly, and politically divided over the minority UK Conservative government’s plans to give effect to the referendum result—Northern Ireland voted to remain in the EU, and contrary to some suggestions, joint membership of the EU...
Cartography’s “Scientific Reformation” and the Study of Topographical Mapping in the Modern Era

This paper uses a historiographical paradox to explore the conviction that cartography “became a science” during the Enlightenment, when its primary locus moved from the office into the field. The systematic topographical surveys pursued by Western states since the mid-1700s lie at the heart of this conviction yet they remain little studied by most map historians. How have map historians studied topographical surveys and placed them in the larger narrative of cartographic history? Two sets of historians were interested before 1940 in systematic topographical surveys and their products. First, social historians and historical geographers were variously interested in the evidentiary worth of topographical maps for reconstructing past societies and landscapes. Second, leading members of official surveys wrote historical accounts of their institutions, in the process creating a larger narrative sense of mapping history. These narratives merged with those of general map historians to create the modern myth. Significantly, the new, idealized narrative collapsed the several revolutions previously identified by map historians into a single moment of reform, which helps explain the persistent confusion of just when cartography became a science.
Soluble oligomerization provides a beneficial fitness effect on destabilizing mutations.

Protein stability is widely recognized as a major evolutionary constraint. However, the relation between mutation-induced perturbations of protein stability and biological fitness has remained elusive. Here we explore this relation by introducing a selected set of mostly destabilizing mutations into an essential chromosomal gene of E.coli encoding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) to determine how changes in protein stability, activity and abundance affect fitness. Several mutant strains showed no growth while many exhibited fitness higher than wild type. Overexpression of chaperonins (GroEL/ES) buffered the effect of mutations by rescuing the lethal phenotypes and worsening better-fit strains. Changes in stability affect fitness by mediating the abundance of active and soluble proteins; DHFR of lethal strains aggregates, while destabilized DHFR of high fitness strains remains monomeric and soluble at 30oC and forms soluble oligomers at 42oC. These results suggest an evolutionary path where mutational destabilization is counterbalanced by specific oligomerization protecting proteins from aggregation.
An application of a genetic algorithm for throughput optimization in non-broadcast WDM optical networks with regular topologies ∗

Abstract . WeapplyageneticalgorithmfromPodnarandSkorin-Kapov[5]toavirtualtopologydesignofaWide-AreaWDMOpticalNetworkwithregulartopologies. Basedonagivenphysicaltopologyavirtualtopologyconsistingofopticallightpathsisconstructed. Theobjectiveistominimizethemaximalthroughput,whichimpliesbalancinglinkloadsandaccommodatingon-growingtraﬃcrequirementsinatimelyfashion. Thegeneticalgorithmisappliedtobenchmarkinstancesofregulartopologies. Key words: wavelengthdivisionmultiplexing,networks-graphs,net-workdesign,heuristics,geneticalgorithms,regulartopologies AMS subject classiﬁcations: Primary 90B18; Secondary 68M10Received April 16, 2002 Accepted May 29, 2002 1. Introduction Inrecentyearstherehasbeenanextensiveinterestinproblemsolutionsdevisedforﬁber-opticcommunications. Networkdesignershaveconsideredseveraldiﬀerenttopologiesand diﬀerent traﬃc routing algorithms. Once the network hasbeenconstructed,diﬀerentsolutionapproacheshavebeenappliedtoaccomodateongoingincrease in bandwith demand.One of the most promising techniques used in designing ﬁber-optic networks isthe wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). Using WDM, a single optical ﬁberhas a capability of transmitting more than one signal (channel) at the same time.The channels sharing a ﬁber are transmitted using laser diodes of diﬀerent wave-lengths. Diﬀerent wavelengths are modulated, generating a superposition of thechannels, which is then transmitted over the optical ﬁber. At each end of the ﬁbre,separation of channels is done by a ﬁltering procedure.
CYBERSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS AT SHIPPING 4.0 AND INDUSTRY 4.0 CONCEPTS REALIZATION

Last few years took place true jump in approaches to developing, control and exploitation of different complex technical systems. In industry, transport, energetic and so on data exchange technologies, based on Industry 4.0, IoT, IIoT, Shipping 4.0, etc. concepts are implementing very actively. In maritime branch information technologies became inextricably linked to the classical approaches and allow to perform intelligent remote control and create fully unmanned objects and complex technical systems. So, some companies have founded Unmanned Cargo Ship Development Alliance; newly developed Distributed Intelligent Vessel Components software, which provides new protocol for devices connecting and data transferring; recently created Advanced Autonomous Waterborne Applications Initiative autonomous ship research project and Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships direction. It's possible to highlight following ship automation levels. 1. Ship can be controlled remotely. 2. Ship may work in unmanned mode partly or periodically. 3. Ship may perform self-driving with operator help, if necessary. 4. Additionally to the level 3, self-driving possible without operator's intrusion. 5. Fully unmanned ship with the same functionality and possibilities as classic ship. But complexity and vulnerability for external intrusion of such ships is also growing enormously. So, in 2017 and 2018 years at least two large shipping companies were attacked by hackers and had to stop significant part of business activity and lost huge amounts. That's why the task of cybersecurity providing, including highly productive firewalls implementing, is very actual. Ways of modern concepts and technologies implementing in maritime branch are briefly analyzed. Possible levels of ships' autonomy and automation with most modern technical decisions are shown. Existing problems and vulnerabilities of highly automated ships are described. Approach on vulnerabilities influence minimizing with firewalls using is proposed.
Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: Assessment Using an Abridged SWAL-QOL.

ABSTRACT Background: Study design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To determine which components of the swallowing disorders quality of life (SWAL-QOL) survey are most relevant to assess dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery (ACSS). Summary of background data: The SWAL-QOL survey is an instrument that has been applied to patients undergoing ACSS procedures as a means of objectifying swallow function. However, the SWAL-QOL is lengthy, cumbersome, and primarily used for otolaryngological procedures. Methods: Patients undergoing ACSS procedures were administered the SWAL-QOL prior to surgery and at 6- and 12-week postoperative visits. The preoperative and postoperative SWAL-QOL scores were compared using paired t tests. Questions with statistically and clinically significant postoperative changes were used to create an abridged survey. Results: Fifty patients completed surveys at all 3 encounters and were included in the analysis. The total scaled score at 6 weeks was significantly lower than the preoperative score (P = .003) but returned to near baseline scores by 12 weeks (P = .178). Five sections had significantly lower scores at both postoperative visits compared to their respective preoperative values. Additionally, 13 individual questions had significantly lower scores at both postoperative visits, while 8 had significantly lower scores at only 1 of the postoperative visits. Of these 21 questions demonstrating statistical significance, 16 also demonstrated a clinically significant decrease (>5.0%) from preoperative scores. These 16 questions were included in the abridged survey developed for use in ACSS patients. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that several questions in the full SWAL-QOL questionnaire demonstrated minor or no changes at postoperative visits following ACSS. As a result, we propose a modified, 16-question SWAL-QOL survey including only questions that were both statistically and clinically significant. This truncated survey may be better suited for use in cervical spine patients.
SUPPRESSION OF PREMATURE VENTRICULAR COMPLEXES WITH INTRINSIC SYMPATHOMIMETIC ACTIVITY BETA-BLOCKERS IN THE SETTING OF SINUS BRADYCARDIA

Frequent symptomatic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) with baseline sinus bradycardia can be a therapeutic challenge. A 78-year-old male with hypertension and hypothyroidism presented to the emergency department with two-day history of fatigue and lightheadedness. Electrocardiogram showed
Influence of some precipitation variables on thermal behavior of ZrO2-Y2O3 and ZrO2-CeO2 precipitated gels

The scope of this work consisted of producing pure zirconia powders, yttria stabilized zirconia powders and ceria stabilized zirconia powders from zirconium oxychloride and yttrium and cerium chlorides using urea as precipitating agent and polyacrylic acid as dispersing agent. A factorial analysis was designed to study the effects of some precipitation variables (precipitation temperature, precipitation time, urea concentration, yttria concentration, ceria concentration and polyacrylic acid concentration) on the thermal behavior of zirconia gels using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It was observed that the addition of yttrium and cerium in the solution raised the crystallization temperature of the gels, due to changes on the characteristics of the Zr–OH bonds caused by the substitution of zirconium by yttrium or cerium. For the ZrO2-Y2O3 system, the presence of polyacrylic acid increased the crystallization temperature. It was suggested that polyacrylic acid promoted the formation of a random polymeric structure of zirconia gels that required higher temperatures to crystallize.
A Distributed and Resilient Bargaining Game for Weather-Predictive Microgrid Energy Cooperation

A bargaining game is investigated for cooperative energy management in microgrids. This game incorporates a fully distributed and realistic cooperative power scheduling algorithm [cooperative and distributed energy scheduling (CoDES)] as well as a distributed Nash bargaining solution based method of allocating the overall power bill resulting from CoDES. A novel weather-based stochastic renewable generation (RG) prediction method is incorporated in the power scheduling. We demonstrate the proposed game using a four-user grid-connected microgrid model with diverse user demands, storage, and RG profiles and examine the effect of weather prediction on day-ahead power scheduling and cost/profit allocation. Finally, the impact of users’ ambivalence about cooperation and /or dishonesty on the bargaining outcome is investigated, and it is shown that the proposed game is resilient to malicious users’ attempts to avoid payment of their fair share of the overall bill.
Consequences of Attributing Discrimination to Implicit vs. Explicit Bias

Abstract Implicit bias has garnered considerable public attention, with a number of behaviors (e.g., police shootings) attributed to it. Here, we present the results of 4 studies and an internal meta-analysis that examine how people reason about discrimination based on whether it was attributed to the implicit or explicit attitudes of the perpetrators. Participants' perceptions of perpetrator accountability, support for punishment, level of concern about the bias, and support for various efforts to reduce it (e.g., education) were assessed. Taken together, the results suggest that perpetrators of discrimination are held less accountable and often seen as less worthy of punishment when their behavior is attributed to implicit rather than to explicit bias. Moreover, at least under some circumstances, people express less concern about, and are less likely to support efforts to combat, implicit compared with explicit bias. Implications for efforts to communicate the science of implicit bias without undermining accountability for the discrimination it engenders are discussed.
Laboratory treatment of HPAM polymers for injection in low permeability carbonate reservoirs

Abstract Polymeric solutions are injected into petroleum reservoirs to improve sweep efficiency of enhanced oil recovery processes. Viscous polymeric solutions cannot be injected into non-fractured low permeability carbonates (k
Learning from Feminist Judgments: Lessons in Language and Advocacy

Judicial decision-making is not a neutral and logical enterprise that involves applying clear rules to agreed-upon facts. Legal educators can and should help students learn more about how judges actually go about making their decisions. The study of re-imagined judicial decisions, such as the alternative judgments from various Feminist Judgments Projects, can enrich the study of law in multiple ways. First, seeing a written decision that differs from the original can help students think “outside the box” constructed by the original opinion by showing them a concrete example of another perspective written in judicial language. Second, the rewritten judgments show law’s potential to change and its ability to serve different accounts of justice. Third, alternative judgments counter the narrative that law is objective while other arguments are political or biased. Fourth, feminist judgments provide tools for students to understand how persuasion and explanation are able to work effectively — in many different guises — even within the significant conventions and constraints of legal practice. Finally, but by no means least important, alternative feminist judgments are one of the only ways that “outsider” students — those whose perspectives have been historically erased or marginalized in law — can see themselves and their lived experiences reflected in the law. The Appendix to this essay includes short descriptions of courses drawing on rewritten decisions from the U.S. Feminist Judgments.
The punch-drunk boxer and the battered wife: Gender and brain injury research

This essay uses gender as a category of historical and sociological analysis to situate two populations-boxers and victims of domestic violence-in context and explain the temporal and ontological discrepancies between them as potential brain injury patients. In boxing, the question of brain injury and its sequelae were analyzed from 1928 on, often on profoundly somatic grounds. With domestic violence, in contrast, the question of brain injury and its sequelae appear to have been first examined only after 1990. Symptoms prior to that period were often cast as functional in specific psychiatric and psychological nomenclatures. We examine this chronological and epistemological disconnection between forms of violence that appear otherwise highly similar even if existing in profoundly different spaces.
To buy or to lease: The advantages and costs of leasing versus buying scientific instruments for academic core facilities

Leasing instead of purchasing scientific instruments is an economic option for academic core facilities to stay technologically ahead and competitive with predictable, consistent costs.
Accessing information about interest group advertising content

Interest groups scholars often want to track the political involvement of groups through their advertising, but there is no one source that covers the universe of advertising. We report here on three of the most commonly used and comprehensive data sources on group-sponsored advertising in the USA, noting the strengths and weaknesses of each. These data sources are the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Web site, the Wesleyan Media Project, and the Facebook ad library. We focus on both the completeness of the information provided and the ease of accessing the information. We conclude that the strengths of each database differ. FCC data are good for a comprehensive view of a particular state or media market. WMP data are great for information on television spending and content, while the Facebook library, in spite of bugs, provides the best data on digital ad spending and content.
Predictions of Systemic, Intracellular, and Lung Concentrations of Azithromycin With Different Dosing Regimens Used in COVID-19 Clinical Trials.

Azithromycin (AZ), a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, is being investigated in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A population pharmacokinetic model was implemented to predict lung, intracellular poly/mononuclear cell (peripheral blood monocyte (PBM)/polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PML)), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations using published data and compared against preclinical effective concentration 90% (EC90 ) for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The final model described the data reported in eight publications adequately. Consistent with its known properties, concentrations were higher in AM and PBM/PML, followed by lung tissue, and lowest systemically. Simulated PBM/PML concentrations exceeded EC90 following the first dose and for ~ 14 days following 500 mg q.d. for 3 days or 500 mg q.d. for 1 day/250 mg q.d. on days 2-5, 10 days following a single 1,000 mg dose, and for > 20 days with 500 mg q.d. for 10 days. AM concentrations exceeded the 90% inhibitory concentration for > 20 days for all regimens. These data will better inform optimization of dosing regimens for AZ clinical trials.
Predictive Student Modeling in Block-Based Programming Environments with Bayesian Hierarchical Models

Recent years have seen a growing interest in block-based programming environments for computer science education. Although block-based programming offers a gentle introduction to coding for novice programmers, introductory computer science still presents significant challenges, so there is a great need for block-based programming environments to provide students with adaptive support. Predictive student modeling holds significant potential for adaptive support in block-based programming environments because it can identify early on when a student is struggling. However, predictive student models often make a number of simplifying assumptions, such as assuming a normal response distribution or homogeneous student characteristics, which can limit the predictive performance of models. These assumptions, when invalid, can significantly reduce the predictive accuracy of student models. To address these issues, we introduce an approach to predictive student modeling that utilizes Bayesian hierarchical linear models. This approach explicitly accounts for individual student differences and programming activity differences by analyzing block-based programs created by students in a series of introductory programming activities. Evaluation results reveal that predictive student models that account for both the distributional and hierarchical factors outperform baseline models. These findings suggest that predictive student models based on Bayesian hierarchical modeling and representing individual differences in students can substantially improve models' accuracy for predicting student performance on post-tests. By improving the predictive performance of student models, this work holds substantial potential for improving adaptive support in block-based programming environments.