cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One Health in food safety and security education: A curricular framework

The challenges of producing and distributing the food necessary to feed an anticipated 9 billion people in developed and developing societies by 2050 without destroying Earth's finite soil and water resources present extremely complex problems that lack simple solutions. The ability of modern societies to adequately address these and other food-related problems will require an educated workforce trained not only in traditional food safety, security, and public health, but also in other areas including food production, sustainable practices, and ecosystem health. To help address the need for such an educated workforce, a curricular framework was developed to assist those tasked with designing education and training for future food systems workers. One sentence summary: A curricular framework for education and training in food safety and security was developed that incorporates One Health concepts.
Banking Rebels Overcome the Subprime Mortgage Crisis: The Unbearable Darkness of 21st Century Banking

We produce evidence of an important non-market factor creating higher expected returns at greater risk for global banks. We find that the banks most exposed to this profitable source of risk tend to be less regulated than those less exposed; suggesting profits depend in part on operating outside the rules. On the other hand, we find the large regulated banks that qualify for the Internal Ratings - Based Approach to Capital Adequacy under Basel II - based Rules tend to have low exposures to our profitable source of banking risk. Yet the enormous losses taken by banks during the subprime mortgage crisis have largely been taken by these highly regulated banks rather than unregulated banks exposed to profitable risk. We will explain that regulations themselves encouraged banks to take these risks, and to report them in a manner confusing to stockholders. Examining the microeconomics of bank risk-taking, we contrast three modern approaches to risk management: regulation-protected use of off-balance-sheet methods, standard investment-banking off-balance-sheet devices, and the off-balance-sheet Macquarie Model. We evaluate the transparency to investors of risks using the three methods, finding regulation-based methods least transparent to investors; the Macquarie Model, most transparent. This analysis suggests two possibilities: that current rules-based bank regulation is a blight on the banking system and that profitable banks have become renegades, increasingly closed to public scrutiny. Both are arguably bad things. We propose a way forward.
Fallopian Tube Dysfunction in Unexplained Infertility

Unexplained infertility is a “waste basket” diagnosis, encompassing about half of couples experiencing infertility. That infertility is unexplained in at least 50 % of our patients should serve as evidence that we have failed to dissect out the different etiologies comprising this heterogeneous group, while at the same time advancing assisted reproductive technologies. So, while 50 % or more of infertile couples remain undiagnosed, the great majority of them will conceive. And the question, given this reality, is: how much does an accurate diagnosis matter if we can help such couples achieve a successful pregnancy?
Cane Fires: The Anti-Japanese Movement in Hawaii, 1865-1945

Illustrations Preface Part I: Years of Migrant Labor, 1986-1909 1. So Much Charity, So Little Democracy 2. Hole Hole Bushi 3. With the Force of Wildfire Part II: Years of Dependency, 1910-1940 4. Cane Fires 5. In the National Defense 6. Race War 7. Extinguishing the Dawn 8. Dark Designs Part III: World War II, 1941-1945 9. Into the Cold Night Rain 10. Bivouac Song 11. In Morning Sunlight Notes Index
Characterization of ZnS nanoparticle aggregation using photoluminescence.

Aggregation of uncoated ZnS nanoparticles was determined to have an unexpected impact on the particle’s photoluminescent properties. Aggregation had significant consequences to both band-edge and trap-site photoluminescence, increasing the former and decreasing the latter. The onset of changes to photoluminescence was influenced by aggregation rate. Results suggest that aggregate structure plays an important role in determining the extent to which changes to photoluminescence occur. Strong evidence is presented in support of the hypothesis that aggregation-induced changes to surface tension are responsible for the observed photoluminescence behavior. We show that changes in photoluminescence can be used to predict the attachment coefficient, in lieu of dynamic light scattering. Additionally, our data indicate that the particle size distribution of aggregating ZnS nanoparticles is invariant across electrolyte concentrations, at a given standard deviation away from the maximum rate of photoluminescence change.
Dynamic Embrittlement: Quasi-Static Interfacial Decohesion

In a surprising variety of cases, interfaces in normally ductile materials can undergo timedependent brittle cracking under the influence of a tensile stress, either applied externally or existing as an internal residual stress. The connecting feature in all these cases is the presence of a surface-adsorbed element that is highly mobile in comparison to the constituent elements of the material. As in the phenomena of diffusion creep and diffusive growth of cavities at high temperatures, the driving force for this cracking is the work done by the tensile stress when a surface atom enters the solid. At temperatures below about 0.5 Tm of the solid, this occurs mainly along grain boundaries. Examples of systems that have been studied in some detail include cracking of alloy steels by sulfur, Cu-Sn alloys by tin, and nickel-based alloys by oxygen. Because the cracking involves diffusive penetration along grain boundaries, the rate of cracking is highly sensitive to grain-boundary structure and composition, and these variables offer opportunities to control the problem. We are aiming at a quantitative understanding of the effects of grain-boundary structure, stress, and temperature on this phenomenon by crack-growth experiments on bicrystals, by atomistic modeling of the stress-driven diffusion, and by micromechanical modeling of the events occurring at the tip of a growing crack.
An Examination of Reseller Buyer Attitudes Toward Order of Brand Entry

A national survey of 145 reseller buyers was used to study how brand entry order into new categories affects reseller buyers’ attitudes toward new items. The literature on pioneer brand advantage i...
A comparison of the diagnostic value of adenoviral complement-fixing antigens prepared from various immunotypes.

Complement-fixing (CF) antigens prepared from immunotypes of adenoviruses 1 to 7 were compared for sensitivity in the serodiagnosis of adenoviral infections in infants, children, and young adults. There was great diversity in CF antibody responses of the pediatric patients to antigens of the various immunotypes; however, approximately 80% had significant CF antibody responses to at least one immunotype. In all of the young adults CF titers increased in response to the infecting virus and most heterotypes. In the pediatric group, adenovirus type 6 antigen was the most sensitive for serodiagnosis, demonstrating significant antibody increases in 61% of the patients; adenovirus type 4 antigen was the least sensitive, detecting significant rises in titer in only 44%. Adenovirus type 3 and adenovirus type 7 antigens were the most sensitive for serodiagnosis in the young adult patients. The pair of antigens to adenovirus types 3 and 5 was the most sensitive overall, giving positive serodiagnoses for 75% of the pediatric patients and 100% of the young adults.
Individualized Design and Humanization Design Concept in Daily Ceramic Design

With the rapid economical development,people's standard of living rises continvally.And the use of function and aesthetic function in household of ceramics also be better by better.In order to serve the people's good life,Humanized design has become the trend of social development.Development of scinec has benefited daily ceramics while producing monotonous daily ceramics.With the continous improvment of material condition nowadays,consumers's aesthetic is accordingly improved and they would rather expect some art products with the unique characteristics.Through studing the Current situation of Market Research and acoordingly exploring Humanization on daily ceramics' design,the paper puts forward the combination of Humanization in design.And we should devote to daily ceramics under the guide of the principle Humanization-oriented and individualization-oriented "so as to serve prople better.
Human Rights Education in Schools

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses human rights education in schools. Human rights education has been tried both directly and indirectly. Students in their history class may learn how the concept gained its legal definition over time. In an elementary classroom, they may reason together as to what rights and responsibilities they have toward one another. Three components of any school curriculum contain human rights education as an explicit or implicit goal. These are global education, a somewhat recent construct; moral education, one of the most ancient; and social and civic education, which begins informally during early childhood at home and then is extended formally in schools. Human rights education is far more likely to be pursued in schools where teachers have been involved in workshops or seminars on the subject. The persuasiveness with which teachers approach the subject may depend on their own involvement in Amnesty International or other formal organizations or information groups that show a deep concern for the maintenance of human rights around the world. Human rights education is shaped by the opportunities teachers have to inform themselves about the subject and to discuss with others how it may be dealt with in their classes to evoke a caring response from their students. These issues clearly are more easily resolved when teachers either produce or are provided with instructional materials that reflect the several aspects of human rights education that may be included in the curriculum.
Ostracodes from the Naco Formation (Upper Carboniferous) at the Kohl Ranch locality, central Arizona

The Kohl Ranch locality in the Naco Formation (Upper Carboniferous, Desmoinesian) of central Arizona contains an ostracode fauna of 13 species of which three are left in open nomenclature because of inadequate materials; all of the others have been previously described. This fauna is strongly dominated by Hollinella (Hollinella) bassleri (Knight, 1928), Cavellina pulchella Coryell, 1928, Bairdia whitesidei Bradfield, 1935, and Bairdiacypris (Fabalicypris) regularis Cooper, 1946. Present in moderate numbers are Amphissites (Amphikegelites) roundyi Knight, 1928, Moorities minutus Warthin, 1930, and Healdia simplex Roundy, 1926. Pseudobythocypris tomlinsonella Cooper, 1946, Bairdia hoxbarensis Harlton, 1927, Sulcella sulcata Coryell and Sample, 1932, and species of Oliganisus, Sansabella and Chamishaella are represented by only small numbers of specimens. The dominant and moderately abundant species indicate a shallow, offshore environment of deposition. The known geographical range of all species present in the fauna is extended into central Arizona.
Ely’s View of Historical Change: Means and Ends

This chapter examines Ely’s view of historical change. It analyzes Ely’s historicism, the social scientific means he would use to direct the flow of history, and the Christian ends to which he would aim us. The argument of this chapter is that Ely’s historicism is poorly integrated with his other ideas and does not account well for actual and possible historical changes. Ely believes that social change is progressive and directed toward an earthly ideal of Christian brotherhood. Social science is the linchpin of Ely’s view of history, because it makes possible the planned and directed development of human society toward the Christian ideal. Ely holds that by contrast with progressives, past thinkers have been limited by their lack of knowledge of social science, the historical character of ideas, and the progressive character of human society. But a close examination of Ely’s views reveals an uneasy accounting of setbacks to progressive advances, a questionable interpretation of Christianity, difficulty with the scientific status of social science, and a program of reform so ambitious that it threatens to overwhelm its scientific grounding.
Jeffrey N. Cox, Romanticism in the Shadow of War: Literary Culture in the Napoleonic War Years

Review by Kenneth R. Johnston (Indiana University (Bloomington)) of Jeffrey N. Cox, Romanticism in the Shadow of War: Literary Culture in the Napoleonic War Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Pp. 276. $95. ISBN 978110707194.
Regiochemically Controlled Synthesis of a β-4-β' [70]Fullerene Bis-Adduct.

A β-4-β′ C70 bis-adduct regioisomer and an uncommon mono-adduct β-malonate C70 derivative were synthesized by using a Diels–Alder cycloaddition followed by an addition–elimination of bromo-ethylmalonate and a retro-Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction. We also report the regioselective synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of Cs-symmetric tris- and C2v-symmetric tetra-adducts of C70, which are the precursors of the mono- and bis-adduct final products.
Mentoring to Achieve Diversity in Graduate Programs

ABSTRACTThe discipline of statistics has a celebrated, diverse, and colorful past. With a definite international flavor, we continue to make great strides in keeping our discipline relevant and accessible for addressing significant societal concerns. Unfortunately, we lag behind many other disciplines when it comes to fully tapping into the potential of all demographic groups within the United States. Mentoring provides one of many opportunities to change this narrative. This article looks at hard numbers related to diversity, points to some existing successful mentoring programs, and is a reflection of lessons learned through personal experiences.
Cord blood natural killer cells expressing a dominant negative TGF-β receptor: Implications for adoptive immunotherapy for glioblastoma.

Abstract Cord blood (CB) natural killer (NK) cells are promising effector cells for tumor immunotherapy but are currently limited by immune-suppressive cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β). We observed that TGF-β inhibits expression of activating receptors such as NKG2D and DNAM1 and decreases killing activity against glioblastoma tumor cells through inhibition of perforin secretion. To overcome the detrimental effects of TGF-β, we engrafted a dominant negative TGF-β receptor II (DNRII) on CB-derived NK cells by retroviral transduction and evaluated their ability to kill glioblastoma cells in the presence of TGF-β. After manufacture using Good Manufacturing Practice–compliant methodologies and transduction with DNRII, CB-derived DNRII-transduced NK cells expanded to clinically relevant numbers and retained both their killing ability and their secretion of interferon-γ upon activation. More important, these cells maintained both perforin expression and NKG2D/DNMA1 expression in the presence of TGF-β allowing for recognition and killing of glioblastoma tumor cells. Hence, NK cells expressing a DNRII should have a functional advantage over unmodified NK cells in the presence of TGF-β-secreting tumors and may be an important therapeutic approach for patients with cancer.
Negative Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Prostate Predicts Absence of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer on 12-Core Template Prostate Biopsy

Objective To determine the negative predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), we evaluated the frequency of prostate cancer detection by 12-core template mapping biopsy in men whose mpMRI showed no suspicious regions. Methods Six hundred seventy patients underwent mpMRI followed by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic prostate biopsy from December 2012 to June 2016. Of this cohort, 100 patients had a negative mpMRI. mpMRI imaging sequences included T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast enhancement sequences. Results The mean age, prostate-specific antigen, and prostate volume of the 100 men included were 64.3 years, 7.2 ng/mL, and 71 mL, respectively. Overall cancer detection was 27% (27 of 100). Prostate cancer was detected in 26.3% (10 of 38) of patients who were biopsy-naive, 12.1% (4 of 33) of patients who had a prior negative biopsy, and in 44.8% (13 of 29) of patients previously on active surveillance; Gleason grade ≥7 was detected in 3% of patients overall (3 of 100). The negative predictive value of a negative mpMRI was 73% for all prostate cancer and 97% for Gleason ≥7 prostate cancer. Conclusion There is an approximately 3% chance of detecting clinically significant prostate cancer with systematic TRUS-guided biopsy in patients with no suspicious findings on mpMRI. This information should help guide recommendations to patients about undergoing systematic TRUS-guided biopsy when mpMRI is negative.
What is a Hotspot Anyway

AbstractThe importance of spatial clusters, or "hotspots," in infectious disease epidemiology has been increasingly recognized, and targeting hotspots is often seen as an important component of disease-control strategies. However, the precise meaning of "hotspot" varies widely in current research and policy documents. Hotspots have been variously described as areas of elevated incidence or prevalence, higher transmission efficiency or risk, or higher probability of disease emergence. This ambiguity has led to confusion and may result in mistaken inferences regarding the best way to target interventions. We surveyed the literature on epidemiologic hotspots, examining the multitude of ways in which the term is used; and highlight the difference in the geographic scale of hotspots and the properties they are supposed to have. In response to the diversity in the term's usage, we advocate the use of more precise terms, such as "burden hotspot," "transmission hotspot," and "emergence hotspot," as well as explicit specification of the spatiotemporal scale of interest. Increased precision in terminology is needed to ensure clear and effective policies for disease control.
Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Routine Dental Management of an ASA IV Patient: A Case Report

Anesthetic management of elderly patients requires numerous physiological considerations. With aging, degenerative changes occur in the structure and functional capacity of tissues and organs. Typically, these patients experience clinical effects with lower doses of medication. Important considerations for the geriatric populations following anesthesia include increased time to recovery and avoidance of functional decline. A case is reported in which an 83-year-old Caucasian female with a complex medical history presented for routine dental treatment under intravenous sedation via dexmedetomidine infusion.
Investigation of Acute Pulmonary Deficits Associated with Biomass Fuel Cookstove Emissions in Rural Bangladesh.

The use of solid biomass fuels in cookstoves has been associated with chronic health impacts that disproportionately affect women worldwide. Solid fuel stoves that use wood, plant matter, and cow dung are commonly used for household cooking in rural Bangladesh. This study investigates the immediate effects of acute elevated cookstove emission exposures on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function was measured with spirometry before and during cooking to assess changes in respiratory function during exposure to cookstove emissions for 15 females ages 18–65. Cookstove emissions were characterized using continuous measurements of particulate matter (PM2.5—aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) concentrations at a 1 s time resolution for each household. Several case studies were observed where women ≥40 years who had been cooking for ≥25 years suffered from severe pulmonary impairment. Forced expiratory volume in one second over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was found to moderately decline (p = 0.06) during cooking versus non-cooking in the study cohort. The study found a significant (α < 0.05) negative association between 3- and 10-min maximum PM2.5 emissions during cooking and lung function measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC obtained during cooking intervals. This study found that exposure to biomass burning emissions from solid fuel stoves- associated with acute elevated PM2.5 concentrations- leads to a decrease in pulmonary function, although further research is needed to ascertain the prolonged (e.g., daily, for multiple years) impacts of acute PM2.5 exposure on immediate and sustained respiratory impairment.
Do black lives matter in public health research and training

Objective To examine whether investments made in public health research align with the health burdens experienced by white and black Americans. Methods In this cross-sectional study of all deaths in the United States in 2015, we compared the distribution of potential years of life lost (PYLL) across 39 causes of death by race and identified key differences. We examined the relationship between cause-of-death-specific PYLL and key indicators of public health investment (federal funding and number of publications) by race using linear spline models. We also compared the number of courses available at the top schools of public health relevant to the top causes of death contributor to PYLL for black and white Americans. Results Homicide was the number one contributor to PYLL among black Americans, while ischemic heart disease was the number one contributor to PYLL among white Americans. Firearm-related violence accounted for 88% of black PYLL attributed to homicide and 71% of white PYLL attributed to homicide. Despite the high burden of PYLL, homicide research was the focus of few federal grants or publications. In comparison, ischemic heart disease garnered 341 grants and 594 publications. The number of public health courses available relevant to homicide (n = 9) was similar to those relevant to ischemic heart disease (n = 10). Conclusions Black Americans are disproportionately affected by homicide, compared to white Americans. For both black and white Americans, the majority of PYLL due to homicide are firearm-related. Yet, homicide research is dramatically underrepresented in public health research investments in terms of grant funding and publications, despite available public health training opportunities. If left unchecked, the observed disproportionate distribution of investments in public health resources threatens to perpetuate a system that disadvantages black Americans.
De Rham Cohomology and the Jordan Curve Theorem

Define, for an open set U in the plane: the zeroth De Rham group, $$ {{H}^{0}}U = \left\{ {locally\,{\text{constant}}\,{\text{functions}}\,{\text{on}}\,U} \right\}. $$ .
Estimation of metabolic energy expenditure from core temperature using a human thermoregulatory model

Human metabolic energy expenditure is critical to many scientific disciplines but can only be measured using expensive and/or restrictive equipment. The aim of this work is to determine whether the SCENARIO thermoregulatory model can be adapted to estimate metabolic rate (M) from core body temperature (TC). To validate this method of M estimation, data were collected from fifteen test volunteers (age = 23 ± 3yr, height = 1.73 ± 0.07m, mass = 68.6 ± 8.7kg, body fat = 16.7 ± 7.3%; mean ± SD) who wore long sleeved nylon jackets and pants (Itot,clo = 1.22, Im = 0.41) during treadmill exercise tasks (32 trials; 7.8 ± 0.5km in 1h; air temp. = 22°C, 50% RH, wind speed = 0.35ms-1). Core body temperatures were recorded by ingested thermometer pill and M data were measured via whole room indirect calorimetry. Metabolic rate was estimated for 5min epochs in a two-step process. First, for a given epoch, a range of M values were input to the SCENARIO model and a corresponding range of TC values were output. Second, the output TC range value with the lowest absolute error relative to the observed TC for the given epoch was identified and its corresponding M range input was selected as the estimated M for that epoch. This process was then repeated for each subsequent remaining epoch. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and bias between observed and estimated M were 186W, 130 ± 174W, and 33 ± 183W, respectively. The RMSE for total energy expenditure by exercise period was 0.30 MJ. These results indicate that the SCENARIO model is useful for estimating M from TC when measurement is otherwise impractical.
Number of Factors in Growth Curve Modeling

Basic growth curve models parameterize the mean and covariance structure of a set of repeated measures by latent factors that represent the polynomial influences of time. In practice it may be hard...
Coherent, atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenide superlattices with engineered strain

Epitaxy forms the basis of modern electronics and optoelectronics. We report coherent atomically thin superlattices in which different transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers—despite large lattice mismatches—are repeated and laterally integrated without dislocations within the monolayer plane. Grown by an omnidirectional epitaxy, these superlattices display fully matched lattice constants across heterointerfaces while maintaining an isotropic lattice structure and triangular symmetry. This strong epitaxial strain is precisely engineered via the nanoscale supercell dimensions, thereby enabling broad tuning of the optical properties and producing photoluminescence peak shifts as large as 250 millielectron volts. We present theoretical models to explain this coherent growth and the energetic interplay governing the ripple formation in these strained monolayers. Such coherent superlattices provide building blocks with targeted functionalities at the atomically thin limit.
Poor mental health, peer drinking norms, and alcohol risk in a social network of first-year college students.

Abstract Objective College students with anxiety and depressive symptomatology face escalated risk for alcohol-related negative consequences. While it is well-established that normative perceptions of proximal peers' drinking behaviors influence students' own drinking behaviors, it is not clear how mental health status impacts this association. In the current study, we examined cross-sectional relationships between anxiety and depressed mood, perceived drinking behaviors and attitudes of important peers, and past month alcohol consumption and related problems in a first-semester college student social network. Method Participants ( N = 1254, 55% female, 47% non-Hispanic White) were first-year students residing on campus at a single university who completed a web-based survey assessing alcohol use, mental health, and social connections among first-year student peers. Network autocorrelation models were used to examine the independent and interactive associations between mental health and perceptions of close peers' drinking on drinking outcomes, controlling for important variables. Results Mental health interacted with perceptions to predict past-month drinking outcomes, such that higher anxiety and higher perceptions that peers drink heavily was associated with more drinks consumed and consequences, and higher depression and perceptions was associated with more drinks consumed, heavy drinking frequency, and consequences. Attitudes that peers approve of heavy drinking were associated with more drinks consumed and heavy drinking frequency among students with lower (vs. higher) depressed mood. Conclusions This study provides strong evidence that perceiving that close peers drink heavily is particularly risk-enhancing for anxious and depressed college students, and offers implications about alcohol intervention targeted at these subgroups.
Vestibulo-Autonomic Responses

Recent experiments conduced on both human subjects and animals have demonstrated that the vestibular system contributes to coordinating the alterations in blood distribution in the body and respiratory muscle activity that are needed during some changes in posture. Vestibulo-autonomic responses provide for feedforward adjustments in blood pressure and breathing, unlike responses triggered by arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors that are elicited only after blood pressure or blood oxygenation has been altered. Vestibular and other visceral inputs are integrated in the brainstem to produce highly accurate responses to the homeostatic challenges resulting from movement.
ULTRATHIN OXIDE FILMS FOR ADVANCED GATE DIELECTRICS APPLICATIONS CURRENT PROGRESS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES

The paper reviews current status and future scientific and technological issues of ultrathin gate dielectrics on silicon based devices. We address fundamental limits for SiO2 gate oxide scaling below 2 nm, in particular gate leakage, oxide reliability with respect to dielectric breakdown, reduced channel mobility and integration and manufacturing issues. We will further discuss ways the properties of conventional SiO2 gate oxide can be improved, specifically by (i) nitrogen incorporation, and (ii) processing in deuterated ambient. Finally, a new area of advanced dielectrics with high permittivity (so called high-K dielectrics) will be covered.
Muscular and neural contributions to postactivation potentiation

Wallace, BJ, Shapiro, R, Wallace, KL, Abel, MG, and Symons, TB. Muscular and neural contributions to postactivation potentiation. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 615-625, 2019-This study's purpose was to explain the relationship between muscle factors (twitch potentiation [TP]) and neural factors (reflex potentiation) contributing to total postactivation potentiation (PAP) that couples these. The tibial nerve of 15 participants were stimulated intermittently for 20 minutes at supramaximal (Mmax) and submaximal (Hmax) intensities on separate days under 2 conditions: (a) rest (Control) and (b) after a 10-second plantarflexion maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Isometric twitch torque and rate of force development (RFD) as well as soleus and gastrocnemius electromyographic values were analyzed. Torque and RFD TP were significantly greater 10 and 30 seconds after MVIC vs. Control. Postactivation potentiation of torque and RFD at Hmax were highest at 3 and 4.5 minutes after MVIC, respectively, with RFD significantly elevated. Electromyographic values were not different between conditions. Twitch potentiation significantly contributed to PAP at the following time points: 20 seconds, Hmax peak, and 20 minutes after MVIC (torque: R = 0.54, 0.76, and 0.70; RFD: R = 0.46, 0.59, and 0.53). The soleus significantly contributed to PAP torque at 20 seconds and 20 minutes after MVIC, and to PAP RFD at 20 seconds, 4.5 minutes, and 20 minutes (torque: R = 0.26 and 0.34, p ≤ 0.05; RFD: R = 0.65, 0.52, and 0.41). The gastrocnemius did not significantly contribute to PAP. Both muscle and neural factors play a significant role in PAP, and neural factors may play a more prominent role in RFD potentiation than torque potentiation.
European Public Spheres and the European Union Communication Strategy: From Deficits to Policy Fit?

The European Union (EU) currently faces various political challenges surrounding questions of the Union’s self-understanding with regards to processes of enlargement and constitutionalization. This article analyzes the newly created communication strategy devised by the European Union Commissioner for Institutional Relations and Communication and contrasts the mismatch between theoretical concepts of transnational communication in the social sciences on the one hand and the problematic nature of the EU’s communicative approach relating to the national public spheres on the other. I argue that while some theorists propagate idealistic-normative expectations rather than empirically based policy recommendations, the Commission has begun to listen to academics and politicians who rightfully call for more transparency and interaction with the national-levels of governments and media. Based on an analysis of the communication and information deficits between the Union’s institutions, the national governments and the mass media, I discuss suggestions as to how the Commission could improve its communication policy and thus aid in the creation of a European public sphere.
Advances in the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: improved endoscopic management through better diagnostics

As a rare disease, the management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) continues to evolve. While radical nephroureterectomy remains the gold standard, there is a growing desire to pursue nephron-sparing approaches through endoscopic management, particularly for low-risk disease or in the setting of imperative indications. A particular challenge for those undertaking endoscopic management is appropriate grading and staging of tumors, and thereby appropriate patient selection. In this review we will cover the current state of diagnostics for UTUC as well as highlight the challenges in accurate diagnosis. Additionally, we will focus on emerging technologies to aid in optimizing diagnostic accuracy in UTUC. This will include discussion of narrow band imaging, photodynamic diagnosis, optical coherence tomography, and confocal laser endomicroscopy.
Superfluid-insulator transition and the BEC-BCS crossover in the Rashba moat band

We study the superconducting transition in a two-dimensional electron gas with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We assume low electron density, such that only the majority spin band participates in the transition. We show that the superconducting transition follows either the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) or the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) scenarios, depending on the position of the chemical potential with respect to the bottom of the majority band, and the strength of the Coulomb repulsion between electrons. Hence, the BEC-BCS crossover in this system can be driven either by the change in the chemical potential, or the distance to a gate.
Mathematical Strategies for Design Optimization of Multiphase Materials

This work addresses various mathematical solution strategies adapted for design optimization of multiphase materials. The goal is to improve the structural performance by optimizing the distribution of multiple phases that constitute the material. Examples include the optimization of multiphase materials and composites with spatially varying fiber paths using a finite element analysis scheme. In the first application, the phase distribution of a two-phase material is optimized to improve the structural performance. A radial basis function (RBF) based machine learning algorithm is utilized to perform a computationally efficient design optimization and it is found to provide equivalent results with the physical model. The second application concentrates on the optimization of spatially varying fiber paths of a composite material. The fiber paths are described by the Non-Uniform Rational Bezier (B)-Spline Surface (NURBS) using a bidirectional control point representation including 25 parameters. The optimum fiber path is obtained for various loading configurations by optimizing the NURBS parameters that control the overall distribution of fibers. Next, a direct sensitivity analysis is conducted to choose the critical set of parameters from the design point to improve the computational time efficiency. The optimized fiber path obtained with the reduced number of NURBS parameters is found to provide similar structural properties compared to the optimized fiber path that is modeled with a full NURBS representation with 25 parameters.
Explaining GRB prompt emission with sub-photospheric dissipation and Comptonization

Even though the observed spectra for GRB prompt emission is well constrained, no single radiation mechanism can robustly explain its distinct non-thermal nature. Here we explore the radiation mechanism with the photospheric emission model using our Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer (MCRaT) code. We study the sub-photospheric Comptonization of fast cooled synchrotron photons while the Maxwellian electrons and mono-energetic protons are accelerated to relativistic energies by repeated dissipation events. Unlike previous simulations, we implement a realistic photon to electron number ratio $N_{\gamma}/N_{e} \sim 10^5$ consistent with the observed radiative efficiency of a few percent. We show that it is necessary to have a critical number of episodic energy injection events $N_{rh,cr} \sim {\rm few}\ 10{\rm s}-100$ in the jet in addition to the electron-proton Coulomb coupling in order to inject sufficient energy $E_{inj,cr} \sim 2500-4000\ m_e c^2$ per electron and produce an output photon spectrum consistent with observations. The observed GRB spectrum can be generated when the electrons are repeatedly accelerated to highly relativistic energies $\gamma_{e,in} \sim {\rm few}\ 10{\rm s}-100$ in a jet with bulk Lorentz factor $\Gamma \sim 30-100$, starting out from moderate optical depths $\tau_{in} \sim 20-40$. The shape of the photon spectrum is independent of the initial photon energy distribution and baryonic energy content of the jet and hence independent of the emission mechanism, as expected for photospheric emission.
Envy in the Market Economy: Sin, Fairness, and Spontaneous (Dis)Order

This paper explores the problem of envy (“sadness at another’s good”) from both theological and economic perspectives. The theological analysis helps show why envy is a perennial feature of human existence and an ongoing problem for ordered and flourishing social life. The economic analysis examines various attempts to come to grips with envy and its implications, showing the complexity of envy’s tractability (or lack thereof), and the resulting complications for attempts to minimize or eliminate envy through public policy initiatives aimed at inequalities resulting from market outcomes. The authors conclude that there are two variables at play in the calculus of envy: our sadness and another’s good. Envy could theoretically be reduced via the destruction of some goods, which often is the unintended result of policy solutions. But a more socially beneficial and morally responsible course of action is to focus on the economic, spiritual, and cultural causes of envy and their corresponding remedies.
Cancer stage and quality of life in bladder cancer.

466Background: Bladder cancer requires treatment and surveillance which varies in intensity by disease stage. Our objective was to evaluate stage-specific differences in generic and bladder cancer-...
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and Risk of Covid-19.

Abstract Background There is concern about the potential of an increased risk related to medications that act on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in patients exposed to coronavirus disease ...
A data-driven forecast netting approach for reliable demand forecasting

An accurate demand forecast is essential for business success in the semiconductor industry due to significant demand uncertainty. Forecast netting is a common technique to reconcile forecasted demand and actual sales orders in an integrated demand, which makes a forecast signal more flexible and responsive to changing market requirements. However, the conventional forecast netting method tends to trigger low forecast accuracy and high signal volatility over a forecasting horizon. To tackle these issues, this research proposes a novel data-driven forecast netting method. We formulate a linear programming model as a parameter learning tool to achieve better forecast accuracy and also smooth a time-series forecast signal by minimizing historical forecast errors subject to a signal variation constraint. We conduct numerical experiments on real data collected from a firm in semiconductor manufacturing to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results suggest that our proposed method can attain competitive outcomes by reducing forecast error and variation as compared to the conventional netting method and the statistical forecasting methods such as exponential smoothing and moving average.
Envisioning a Western Clovis Ritual Complex

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the initial migrants into the Americas arrived via the Pacific coastal route prior to the inception of the Clovis complex. It further appears that these in...
Fitness and Mortality Among Persons 70 Years and Older Across the Spectrum of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden: The FIT Project.

Abstract Objective To determine whether fitness could improve mortality risk stratification among older adults compared with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods We examined 6509 patients 70 years of age and older without CVD from the Henry Ford ExercIse Testing Project (FIT Project) cohort. Patients performed a physician-referred treadmill stress test between 1991 and 2009. Traditional categorical CVD risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking) were summed from 0 to 3 or more. Fitness was grouped as low, moderate, and high ( Results Patients had a mean age of 75±4 years, and 3385 (52%) were women; during a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, there were 2526 deaths. A higher fitness level (P Conclusion Among persons aged 70 years and older, there was no significant difference in survival of patients with 0 vs 3 or more risk factors, but a higher fitness level identified older persons with good long-term survival regardless of CVD risk factor burden.
Improved Docking of Protein Models by a Combination of Alphafold2 and ClusPro

Abstract It has been demonstrated earlier that the neural network based program AlphaFold2 can be used to dock proteins given the two sequences separated by a gap as the input. The protocol presented here combines AlphaFold2 with the physics based docking program ClusPro. The monomers of the model generated by AlphaFold2 are separated, re-docked using ClusPro, and the resulting 10 models are refined by AlphaFold2. Finally, the five original AlphaFold2 models are added to the 10 AlphaFold2 refined ClusPro models, and the 15 models are ranked by their predicted aligned error (PAE) values obtained by AlphaFold2. The protocol is applied to two benchmark sets of complexes, the first based on the established protein-protein docking benchmark, and the second consisting of only structures released after May 2018, the cut-off date for training AlphaFold2. It is shown that the quality of the initial AlphaFold2 models improves with each additional step of the protocol. In particular, adding the AlphaFold2 refined ClusPro models to the AlphaFold2 models increases the success rate by 23% in the top 5 predictions, whereas considering the 10 models obtained by the combined protocol increases the success rate to close to 40%. The improvement is similar for the second benchmark that includes only complexes distinct from the proteins used for training the neural network.
Capsular Management with Traction-Assisted T-Capsulotomy Technique During Hip Arthroscopy.

Abstract Capsular management, from the initial capsulotomy to capsule closure is essential to success in hip arthroscopy to achieve optimal outcomes. Although an interportal capsulotomy is typically sufficient for resection of proximal cam lesions and for performing central compartment procedures, T-capsulotomy is usually performed when large cam deformity needs to be addressed because it provides a broader field of view. The purpose of this Technical Note is to summarize each step of capsule management and to define a traction-assisted T-capsulotomy technique that allows for accurate placement of the T-capsulotomy while also avoiding damage to the articular cartilage.
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an AIDS-defining, aggressive lymphoid neoplasm in which normal lymph node architecture is replaced by sheets of large, atypical lymphoid cells. It is thought to arise from mature B-cells and is comprised of large, non-cleaved centroblasts and immunoblasts with abundant cytoplasm and prominent nucleoli. As the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, there is an increasing appreciation of its morphologic, genetic, and biologic heterogeneity.
Binding of [3H]ethyl-β-carboline-3-carboxylate to brain benzodiazepine receptors: Effect of drugs and anions

Ethyl&carboline-3-carboxylate (P-CCE) has been isolated from brain and urine extracts and found to potently inhibit the binding of [3H]benzodiazepines to specific receptor sites in the brain [ 11. Although /3-CCE (or a closely related derivative) was initially postulated to be an endogenous ligand of the benzodiazepine receptor [ 11, subsequent studies strongly suggest [2] that this compound (as well as its methyl ester and 3-carboxylic acid derivatives) is formed artifactually during the extraction and isolation procedures. Nonetheless, the extremely high affinity of @-CCE and related compounds in displacing [3H]benzodiazepines from receptor sites in the central nervous system [3,4] coupled with recent reports that P-CCE and related /3-carbolines are specific antagonists of many of the pharmacologic actions of benzodiazepines [S91, suggests that these compounds may be valuable tools for studying the regulation of the benzodiazepine receptor. cimol) markedly enhanced the apparent affinity of [3H]benzodiazepines for the benzodiazepine receptor [ 111. These observations prompted us to examine the effect of other drugs and anions known to enhance the apparent affinity of [3H]benzodiazepines for benzodiazepine receptors on the binding of /3-[3H]CCE. We now report that in contrast to the changes in affinity of [ 3H] benzodiazepines elicited by halide ions [ 121, barbiturates [ 13151, and pyrazolopyridines [16,17], the apparent affinity of p-[3H]CCE is unaffected by these agents. Furthermore, Scatchard analysis of /3-[3H]CCE binding to cerebral cortical and cerebellar membranes revealed a significantly greater number of binding sites than was observed with either [3H]diazepam or [3H]flunitrazepam, suggesting that at low concentrations benzodiazepines selectively label a subpopulation of the receptors labelled with fl[3H] CCE. Alternatively, p[ 3H] CCE may bind to sites that are distinct from those labelled with [3H]benzodiazepines.
The Warm Ionized Medium and the Disk-Halo Connectic in Galaxies

The Warm Ionized Medium (WIM) or Diffuse Ionized Gas (DIG) is intimately related to the basic structure of the ISM as a whole and the dynamical processes which shape it, both in the Milky Way and external galaxies. For instance, the distribution of HI layers, radio and X-ray halos, the rate and distribution of star formation, the raising of gas out of the plane by stellar winds and ixsupernovae, and ways of creating holes in the ISM are all issues on which the study of the WIM has bearing. Although this phase has been recognized in the Milky Way ISM since 1971 (Reynolds et al. 1971), it is only within the last five years that we have begun to study the WIM in external galaxies in earnest.
Teaching design while constructing a 100-watt audio amplifier

Juniors in their first semester take the first course in electronics viz. Electronics I. Gradually they are exposed to the concepts of design while learning about semiconductors, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, and different types of amplifiers including class-B push-pull amplifiers. Three weeks before the end of the semester, they start designing a 100 watt audio amplifier. On completing the design, it is constructed using power transistors and other components. The amplifiers are evaluated by the instructor for power output and fidelity. During the whole process, students go through several additional cycles of learning which could not have been imparted in the typical recitation environment. This paper discusses those topics and the indirect reward the instructor receives while observing the students successfully complete their work.