cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verschluß der temporären Kolostomie

In der chirurgischen Literatur gibt es verschiedene Hinweise (Wheeler u. Barker, Knox et al. und Yaiko et al.) die zahlreiehe und sogar todliche Komplikationen nach Kolostomieverschlus beschreiben. Diese sind haufiger, wenn die Kolostomie vor dem 30.–90. postoperativen Tag verschlossen wird. Andererseits haben wir personlich beste Erfahrungen mit dem Stomaverschlus in der 2.–3. postoperativen Woche. Die Diskrepanz dieser Zeiten ergibt sich daraus, das alle unsere Kolostomien sofort in Form der Schleimhaut-Hautnaht angelegt wurden. Fast alle Autoren, die uber Stomakomplikationen berichten, hatten eine sehlingenformige Kolostomie uber einem Glasstab angelegt. Wird ein Stoma nicht sofort durch Schleimhaut-Haut-Nahte fixiert, mussen mehrere Wochen vergehen, bis es zu einer festen und insbesondere dichten Stomafunktion durch Granulationsheilung gekommen ist. Da dabei dann auch noch betrachtliche Entzundungs- und Verwachsungsreaktionen auftreten, ist der Chirurg in der Tat gezwungen 60–90 Tage abzuwarten. Turnbull u. Weakley empfehlen daher die sofortige Schleimhaut-Haut-Naht beim Anlegen eines Stomas. Auch nach unserer Erfahrung kann eine derart angelegte Kolostomie im allgemeinen ohne eine Segmentresektion und die damit erforderliche Darmanastomosierung aufgehoben werden. Der Verschlus bzw. die Aufhebung der temporaren Kolostomie setzt naturlich eine einwandfreie distale Darmpassage ohne weiterbestehende Obstruktion voraus.
Creative Innovativeness with Information Systems (IS) and its Role in Quality IS Usage

Utilizing information systems in more strategic and competitively advantageous ways is important in organizations. However, the capability to do so varies among users. This research proposes a model of creative innovativeness with information systems (CIIS) in the context of IS usage. CIIS refers to a user’s willingness and ability to explore information systems in a novel and cognizant manner. CIIS encapsulates personal innovativeness in the domain of information technology to acknowledge that willingness to explore is necessary, but novelty and creativity in exploring and utilizing IS are also needed to capitalize on the potential of IS. This paper makes an important contribution by identifying relevant traits that can be utilized in future research studies of IS users to achieve the maximum benefits of IS.
Proteins: Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity

Protein bioconjugation is a critically important tool for the elucidation of enzyme mechanisms, the tracking of biomolecules in living systems, the improvement of pharmacokinetic properties, and the construction of new materials. All these applications rely on a continually expanding set of chemical reactions that can modify native protein functionality in aqueous solution under mild pH and temperature conditions. To survey these techniques, this article provides an introduction to the chemical reactivity of the amino acid side chains, with an emphasis on the selectivity that can be achieved using a particular reactive strategy. Site-selective techniques that target the unique reactive properties of N-terminal residues are also reviewed, as are native chemical ligation methods for the modification of the C-terminus. Whenever possible, the mechanistic aspects of the reactions are discussed, as these considerations provide the foundation for future reaction development. The article concludes with a brief description of labeling reactions that selectively target unnatural functional groups in the presence of native protein functionality.
Adaptive CSI Compensation for Reduced-Order-Model-Based Control of a Flexible Robot Manipulator

It is not feasible to construct controllers for large space structures or large scale systems (LSS's) which are of the same order as the structures. Because of this, the controller for system performance of such a system is based on a much smaller reduced-order model (ROM). Unfortunately, the interaction between the LSS and the ROM-based controller can produce instabilities in the closed-loop system due to the unmodeled dynamics of the LSS. Residual mode filters (RMF's) allow the systematic removal of these instabilities in a matter which does not require a redesign of the controller. An adaptive, self-tung RMF design, which compensates for uncertainty in the frequency of the residual mode, has been simulated using the continuous-time and discrete-time models of a flexible robot manipulator. This paper will present the results of that work on adaptive, self-tuning RMF's, and will clearly show the advantages of this adaptive compensation technique for controller-structure interaction (CSI) instabilities in actively-controlled LSS's.
Sustainable machining utilizing vegetable oil based nanofluids

Machining industry utilizes cutting fluids to increase the performance of the metal cutting process. However, several environmental and health issues limit their usage. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) with nano cutting fluids is proposed in this paper as a better option for sustainable machining. In the literature, nanofluids are formulated, characterized and tested for their basic properties and performance in different applications. Nanofluids have been found to provide superior thermal and friction reduction qualities depending upon the formulation and application. Combination of vegetable cutting fluids with nanoparticles applied in the form of MQL will provide major environmental benefits without sacrificing the machining performance.
TPX power supply design and performance

TPX will utilize a combination of new and existing AC/DC converter equipment, the latter consisting of the inventory of equipment available at the PPPL site when TPX succeeds TFTR. To make best use of existing facilities, the TFTR (a.k.a. Transrex) converters are applied to the TPX duty when appropriate, but in general the pulse rated, high voltage converters do not match the long pulse, low voltage demand of the load during the plasma burn phase. In the Poloidal Field system the Transrex converters are suitable for the dynamic operation associated with plasma ramp up and ramp down, but are not well suited to the quasi-steady conditions during plasma burn. In this case a parallel combination of the Transrex converters with new high current, low voltage power supplies is proposed. In the Toroidal Field system a new dual voltage converter using AC bus transfer is proposed. In the Fast Plasma Position Control system an anti-parallel 12-pulse arrangement of Transrex converters is proposed. This paper presents a description of the design of the converter systems along with preliminary results of simulation studies of the AC/DC converter performance in terms of short circuit, voltage drop, and control.
Application of a Novel Radioimmunoassay to Identify Baculovirus Structural Proteins That Share Interspecies Antigenic Determinants

Abstract Immunological comparisons were made of baculovirus structural proteins by using a modification of the radioimmunological techniques described by Renart et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 3116-3120, 1979) and Towbin et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76: 4350-4354, 1979). Viral proteins were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels, transferred to nitrocellulose, and incubated with viral antisera, and the antibodies were detected with 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Antisera were prepared to purified and intact virions from five baculoviruses: Autographa californica, Porthetria dispar, Trichoplusia ni, and Heliothis zea nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) and T. ni granulosis virus (GV). These antisera were tested against the virion structural polypeptides of 17 different species of baculoviruses. Specific multiple-nucleocapsid NPV (MNPV), single-nucleocapsid NPV (SNPV), and GV virion polypeptides were shown to have similar antigenic determinants and thus be immunologically related. The molecular weights of the virion polypeptides with cross-reacting antigenic determinants were identified. Antisera prepared to purified A. californica and H. zea MNPV polyhedrin (the occlusion body protein from NPVs) recognized antigenic determinants on all the polyhedrins and granulins (occlusion body protein from GVs) that were tested. No immunological relationship was detected between A. californica MNPV polyhedrin and any of the A. californica MNPV virion structural polypeptides present on either the virus isolated from occlusion bodies or A. californica MNPV extracellular virus from infected-cell cultures.
Increased Hyperoxia-Induced Mortality and Acute Lung Injury in IL-13 Null Mice

IL-13 is a critical effector at sites of Th2 inflammation and remodeling. As a result, anti-IL-13-based therapies are being actively developed to treat a variety of diseases and disorders. However, the beneficial effects of endogenous IL-13 in the normal and diseased lung have not been adequately defined. We hypothesized that endogenous IL-13 is an important regulator of oxidant-induced lung injury and inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we compared the effects of 100% O(2) in mice with wild-type and null IL-13 loci. In this study, we demonstrate that hyperoxia significantly augments the expression of the components of the IL-13R, IL-13Ralpha1, and IL-4Ralpha. We also demonstrate that, in the absence of IL-13, hyperoxia-induced tissue inflammation is decreased. In contrast, in the IL-13 null mice, DNA injury, cell death, caspase expression, and activation and mortality are augmented. Interestingly, the levels of the cytoprotective cytokines vascular endothelial cell growth factor, IL-6, and IL-11 were decreased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These studies demonstrate that the expression of the IL-13R is augmented and that the endogenous IL-13-IL-13R pathway contributes to the induction of inflammation and the inhibition of injury in hyperoxic acute lung injury.
The Effect of Increased Connectivity on Serial Regime Change

Much has been written on how the increase of connectivity through the internet and other media has facilitated successful changes in government such as the Arab Spring. However, regime change, even when essentially peaceful, occurs in a dynamically complex environment that renders often counterintuitive results. For example, when a government falls to an insurgency (peaceful or otherwise), the establishment of the new regime is often not the end of the story. In particular, new regimes often find themselves faced by their own insurrections and may very likely be overthrown by them. Thus begins a domino-like chain of serial insurrections and regime changes, which typically create immense havoc. Much has been written on why traditional governments fall to insurgencies in the first place and how connectivity can promote this. However, this paper uses the methodology of system dynamics to posit that increases in connectivity may not only increase the probability of overthrowing a traditional regime, it may also increase the likelihood of a series of rapid, successful insurgencies that result in multiple regime changes. We also examine how various interactions between the regime (s) and populace lead to other unforeseen results. One finding that stands out is that connectivity may very well increase the likelihood that the end result of a series of insurgencies will be less popular among the citizenry than the regime that was initially overthrown.
A Framework of Simplifications in Learning to Plan

Learning shows great promise to extend the generality and effectiveness of planning techniques. Research in this area has generated an impressive battery of techniques and a growing body of empirical successes. Unfortunately the formal properties of these systems are not well understood. This is highlighted by a growing corpus of demonstrations where learning actually degrades planning performance. In this paper we view learning to plan as a search problem. We argue that the complexity of this search precludes a general solution and can only be approached by making simplifying assumptions. We discuss the frequently unarticulated commitments which underly current learning approaches. From these we assemble a framework of simplifications which a learning planner can draw upon. These simplifications improve learning efficiency but not without tradeoffs.
Multiplatform sensor fusion with multirate data communication

An algorithm for multiplatform sensor fusion with multirate data communication is presented in this paper. In this new communication/fusion scheme, data are compressed before communication, and decompressed and fused after communication. The amount of information to be compressed, as well as the data communication rate, depends on target kinematics. Near-optimal globally fused results are achieved with communicating data at a multirate: low rate for fusing tracks of nonmaneuvering targets, and high rate for fusing tracks of maneuvering targets.
Anabolic potential of virulent Treponema pallidum.

Abstract Acrylamide gel autoradiography of 3H-labeled proteins from Treponema pallidum demonstrates that virulent treponemes incubated in vitro synthesize a spectrum of high-molecular-weight proteins. A comparison of the protein profiles of T. pallidum with the Reiter treponeme shows that T. pallidum possesses significant anabolic competence.
The Interrelationship of Utilitarian and Value-Expressive Store Image Attributes

An exploratory study is reported in which the relationship between utilitarian and value-expressive store-image attributes is tested. A factor analytic procedure was used on a data set derived from an intercept sample of 372 shoppers of two retail stores. The results produced four factors labelled "socioeconomic status," "pleasantness," "dependability," and "friendliness."
A fully automatic hp-adaptivity for elliptic PDEs in three dimensions

Abstract We present an algorithm that determines an optimal refinement strategy for a given finite element mesh. The algorithm automatically selects optimal (possibly anisotropic) h -refinements and distribution of (also anisotropic) order of approximation p . The local selection between h -refinement and p -enrichment is made to decrease the projection-based interpolation error of a reference (fine grid) solution with maximum rate with respect to the number of local degrees of freedom (dof) added. A reconciliation step maintains the 1-irregularity of the mesh. When applied iteratively, the algorithm delivers exponential convergence in the energy norm for model elliptic problems with singular or nearly singular solutions.
Conductive Heat Transfer Between Eccentric Cylinders With Boundary Conditions of the Third Kind

Presentation d'une methode permettant d'obtenir une solution exacte pour le transfert de chaleur par conduction entre deux cylindres excentres avec conditions limites de troisieme espece. Obtention de cette solution sous forme d'une serie ou l'evaluation des coefficients necessite la resolution d'un systeme d'equations algebriques. Pour eliminer cette difficulte, presentation d'une formule approchee et facile a utiliser pour le facteur de forme, cette approximation etant bonne a 5% pres
Life events as predictors of academic performance.

Abstract As part of a larger study, information was obtained about the life events which had occurred in the one-and ten-year periods prior to entrance into a study of 169 students at a large midwestern university. Different methods of calculating life change were utilized, and these measures were correlated with the students' subsequent grade point averages over the next three years. Results demonstrated a significant negative association between life change and academic performance for the first-and second-but not for the third-year grades. Further analysis suggested a threshold effect since the detrimental impact of life change appeared evident only after the occurrence of about 12 events in the one-year time period. Life change also was implicated as a factor in severe academic difficulty resulting in the initiation of formal academic sanctions. Specific events which occurred in excess among the poorer performing students also were reported.
"Spontaneous" Palpebral Emphysema

Orbital emphysema is, of itself, a relatively innocuous and infrequently reported condition but may be a symptom of underlying trauma or pathology. Even rarer is emphysema of the eyelids alone, especially if spontaneous. A case of "spontaneous" palpebral emphysema, apparently brought on by the patient's pinching his nostrils together while sneezing, was confirmed by radiograph. Palpebral emphysema is associated with disruption of the wall of air-containing cavities either at the lacrimal sacs or by fracture of the lamina papyracea. The etiology and pathophysiology is reviewed.
Estimation of the evacuation time in an emergency situation in hospitals

In this paper, a prediction model is presented that estimates the evacuation time in an emergency situation for hospitals. The model is generic enough to be used in various hospital settings. This model can provide incident managers with estimates of the evacuation times of different types of patients and can offer support to the managers with their resource allocation decisions in emergency situations. The major advantage of the prediction model is that the computation time is very short and the model does not need a lengthy and costly design. The model was applied for several different evacuation scenarios and the results were compared with those of a simulation model which had already been designed for use by the hospital. The comparison shows that the prediction model can provide estimates of the evacuation time that are similar to the results found by using costly and time-consuming simulation models.
Synthesis Road Map Problems in Organic Chemistry.

Road map problems ask students to integrate their knowledge of organic reactions with pattern recognition skills to “fill in the blanks” in the synthesis of an organic compound. Students are asked to identify familiar organic reactions in unfamiliar contexts. A practical context, such as a medicinally useful target compound, helps students to see why the study of organic reactions may be important. Drawing from the primary literature, a small library of these problems was developed.
The production of superoxide anion radicals in the reaction of reduced flavins and flavoproteins with molecular oxygen

Abstract The generation of O2•− in the reaction of reduced flavins and several flavoproteins has been shown. This has been demonstrated by the ability to catalyse the aerobic reduction of cytochrome c and the inhibition of this reduction by erythrocuprein. In contrast to the results with the intact enzyme, the reduction of cytochrome c by deflavoxanthine oxidase is not inhibited by erythrocuprein, indicating that the site of production of O2•− in the native enzyme is flavin, rather than non-heme iron.
Management of failed primary intervention for ureteropelvic junction obstruction: 12-year, single-center experience.

Abstract Objectives To compare contemporary endourologic and open surgical management of failed primary intervention for ureteropelvic junction obstruction, specifically in regard to immediate and long-term results and complications. Methods Since 1989, 48 patients have undergone management of failed primary intervention for ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Of these, 42 patients (21 females and 21 males; age range 16 to 68 years, mean age 34.9) underwent follow-up evaluations. These 42 patients constitute the present study group. The mode of secondary intervention was determined by individual upper tract anatomy, concurrent medical conditions, and informed patient preference. Secondary intervention included open operative repair (n = 20) or percutaneous (n = 11), ureteroscopic (n = 5), or retrograde cautery wire balloon (n = 6) endopyelotomy. Success was defined as symptomatic relief and improved calicectasis on radiographic evaluation at latest follow-up. Results Follow-up ranged from 6 to 148 months (mean 47.7). Endourologic intervention was associated with a mean hospital stay of 2.3 nights and a complication rate of 13.6%. The long-term success rate of these endoscopic approaches was 59.1% overall, including a 71.4% success rate after a failed open operative procedure and a 37.5% success rate after a failed endourologic procedure. In contrast, open operative salvage was associated with a mean stay of 4.3 nights and a 15% complication rate. The success of open operative salvage was 95% overall, including 94.1% after failed endourologic intervention and 100% after failed open operative intervention. Conclusions Endourologic intervention for failed primary management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction is associated with a short hospital stay and low rate of complications. Such intervention provides acceptable success rates in the setting of prior failed open operative intervention. However, when endourologic salvage was used for prior failed endourologic intervention, the success rates were limited. This suggests that intrinsic factors such as crossing vessels or periureteral fibrosis may play a role in limiting the utility of such procedures in this setting. In contrast, open operative salvage after any prior failed intervention for ureteropelvic junction obstruction provides excellent functional results without any increase in morbidity, with, in this contemporary series, an acceptably short hospital stay. These data should help urologists and patients make well-informed treatment decisions.
Dynamics and Control of the Robotic Lumbar Spine (RLS)

This paper presents the dynamics and nonlinear control of the Robotic Lumbar Spine (RLS). The RLS is a 15 degree-of-freedom, fully cable-actuated robotic lumbar spine which can mimic in vivo human lumbar spine movements to provide better hands-on training for medical students. The current design includes five active lumbar vertebrae and the sacrum, with dimensions of an average adult human spine. It is actuated by 20 cables connected to electric motors. Every vertebra is connected to the neighboring vertebrae by spherical joints. Medical schools can benefit from a tool, system, or method that will help instructors train students and assess their tactile proficiency throughout their education. The robotic lumbar spine has the potential to satisfy these needs in palpatory diagnosis. Additionally, a new approach to solve for positive and nonzero cable tensions that are also continuous in time is introduced.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Interleukin-1β Activity and Collagen Synthesis in Human Dental Pulp Fibroblasts

Immunopathologic reactions play a significant role in inflammatory diseases of dental pulp. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is recognized as a key player in mediating cellular immune response. In this study, we measured the content of IL-1β and its effect on collagen synthesis in cultures of fibroblasts derived from healthy and diseased dental pulps. We found that diseased pulp fibroblasts contain 2.5-fold greater amounts of IL-1β and synthesized 80% greater amounts of collagen compared with healthy pulp fibroblasts. However, exogenous IL-1β failed to stimulate collagen synthesis by diseased fibroblasts, whereas collagen synthesis by healthy pulp fibroblasts was stimulated by more than 2-fold. These observations imply that pulp disease induces abnormalities associated with fibroblast response toward IL-1β.
Training child abusers in the use of positive reinforcement practices

Abstract A parent training program involving reading assignments, practice assignments, role-playing and contingent reinforcement was implemented for two parents identified as child abusers. Measures selected from the Patterson Coding System served as the dependent variables. Several constructive changes in parent-child interactions were observed, some of which were maintained for as long as five months post-training.
Protein kinase C-like immunoreactivity in rod bipolar cells of the rat retina: a developmental study.

In the retina of a variety of vertebrate species, a monoclonal antibody against protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to label preferentially bipolar cells. Although the functional consequences of PKC activation in these cells is yet to be revealed, the present study was motivated in part by the possibility that the antibody might be used as a selective marker for examining the development of bipolar cells in the rat retina. Here, the developmental pattern and the dynamic changes of retinal cells expressing PKC-like immunoreactivity (PKC-LI) were studied and analyzed throughout postnatal life until adulthood. Upon its initial detection by immunohistochemistry on postnatal day (PD)-10, faint PKC-LI was limited to the central region of the retina, labeling cell bodies located at the scleral margin of the inner nuclear layer (INL) adjacent to the outer plexiform layer (OPL). On subsequent days, PKC-LI spread progressively to the peripheral retina and axon terminal bulbs at the vitreal margin of theinner plexiform layer (IPL) began showing the first signs of immunoreactive labeling. Not until PD-15, the time of eye opening, did PKC-LI in these cells increase to the extent such that their thin axons were immunoreactive. Each of these axons traversed the entire thickness of the IPL and divided into two or three short branches before ending as enlarged terminal bulbs. The morphology and the location of PKC-LI cells in both the developing and adult retina observed in our study are consistent with them being rod bipolar cells. By the end of the fourth postnatal week, the rod bipolar cells appeared mature, resembling those found in the adult. Overall, more dynamic changes occurred at the axon terminal bulbs than at the cell bodies during the maturational process of rod bipolar cells. Interestingly, PKIC-LI was expressed precociusly in these cells when rat pups were reared in complete darkness starting from the day of birth.
Alpha-2-macroglobulin--a modulator for growth factors?

Alpha-2-Macroglobulin (U2M) is a 720 leD plasma glyco­ protein possessing protease inhibitor activity. It inhibits the proteolytic activity of all classes of proteases (serine, cys­ teine, aspartate, and metalloproteases) toward protein sub­ strates by trapping proteolytic enzymes after they have cleaved a specific peptide bond in the u2M molecule. A conformational change in the u2M molecule induced by proteolytic cleavage results in the formation of a more com­ pact form of u2M that migrates electrophoretically faster than the unaltered form. This modified form of u2M is termed the fast form of u2M (u2Mf), whereas the un­ modified form is designated the slow form (U2Ms). As a potent, circulating protease inhibitor with a broad spectrum of specificity, u2M is believed to be important in blood clotting and fibrinolysis, processes in which many plasma serine proteases are involved. u2M has also been implicated in several pathophysiologic processes including suppression of the immune response (1). Most of these poten­ tial functions of u2M may be mediated by its protease inhib­ itor activity. Recent discoveries of u2M as the plasma binding protein for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (2), platelet­ derived transforming growth factor beta (1GF-~) (3, 4), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (5) provide a new in­ sight into possible physiologic functions of u2M apart from protease inhibition. Both PDGF and 1GF-~ are stored in al­ pha granules of platelets, are released during blood clotting and vessel injury, and may play an important role in the pro­ cess of wound healing. bFGF is also found in neural and other tissues. Its physiologic functions are unknown, but it may also be important in the wound repair process. The formation of complexes between u2M and these polypeptide growth factors is very fast, reaching a maximum in a few minutes, and u2M-growth factor complexes show short half-lives in the bloodstream, about 2 min (unpub­ lished results). u2M therefore may be an important modula­ tor of these growth factor activities in vivo.
Transmission and radiation of an accelerating mode in a photonic band-gap fiber

A hollow-core photonic band-gap (PBG) lattice in a dielectric fiber has been proposed as a high-gradient low-cost particle accelerator operating in the optical regime where the accelerating mode confined to a defect in the PBG fiber can be excited by high-power lasers [X. Lin, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 4, 051301 (2001)]. Developing efficient methods of coupling laser power into these structures requires a thorough examination of the propagating mode and its near and far-field radiation. In this paper, we develop a simulation method using the parallel finite-element electromagnetic suite ACE3P to calculate the radiation of the propagating accelerator mode into free space at the end of the fiber. The far-field radiation will be calculated and the mechanism of coupling power from an experimental laser setup will be discussed.
Propranolol therapy for ventricular arrhythmias 2 months after acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Treatment of premature ventricular complexes with propranolol was studied in 32 patients 2 months after an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. All patients had more than 30 premature ventricular complexes/hour averaged over 24 hours, with bigeminy, couplets, multifocal complexes or ventricular tachycardia. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and treadmill testing were performed during a control, a treatment and a second control period. The average dosage of propranolol was 160 mg daily. Treadmill testing and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring showed a significant decrease in complexity and frequency of premature ventricular complexes with propranolol treatment when the two control periods were compared (p It is concluded that propranolol effectively suppresses premature ventricular complexes after acute myocardial infarction, reducing both frequency and complexity. No sudden death occurred in this high risk population with complex ventricular arrhythmias. Premature ventricular complexes did not tend to increase with time early after acute myocardial infarction in the patients treated with propranolol. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring should be considered for routine evaluation of patients 3 to 8 weeks after acute myocardial infarction and should be followed by antiarrhythmic therapy when complex premature ventricular complexes are noted.
The Crafting of Scientific Meaning and Identity: Exploring the Performative Dimensions of Michael Faraday's Texts

Texts bear traces of complex struggles. For scientific texts, issues to do with the meaning of words and their reference are often where such struggles occur. In texts too identity is fashioned in the social realm and texts are woven closely into human cognition. The focus on how texts function to produce meaning, characteristic of recent literary theory, provides remarkable resources for locating these features in scientific texts. The project sketched here in a preliminary manner seeks to bring such resources to bear on Michael Faraday's writings and explores in Faraday's rich and reflexive “textual space” his persistent concern to stabilize the meaning and reference of words as well as the less conscious subtle complexities associated with the production of meaning. Both weave closely into his scientific theorizing and fashioning of identity.
Landsat continuity mission set for launch

While the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), scheduled for launch on 11 February, is expected to continue Landsat's more than 40-year continuous record of providing Earth surface data, the future of the program beyond that mission—which will be renamed as Landsat 8 after its initial space checkout phase—is unclear, according to an official with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
X-Ray Absorption Spectra of Ruthenium L Edges in Ru(NH3)6Cl3

In the near edge region of an x-ray absorption spectrum, one sometimes sees a very sharp peak in the vicinity of the edge jump[1]. These absorption peaks arise primarily from atomic-like electric dipole transitions which are final state selective. In connection with the structural and electronic aspects of electron exchange reactions [2,3], we have obtained the L edge spectra of Ru in Ru(NH3)6Cl3 at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). We should like to show that the three L edges of Ru in Ru(NH3)6Cl3 yield information on the distribution of the density of states of the unoccupied molecular ortibals.
COST‐BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR NON‐ECONOMISTS?

Edward Gramlich, Benefit-Cost Analysis of Government Programs Peter G. Sassone and William A. Schaffer, Cost-Benefit Analysis: A Handbook Robert Sugden and Alan Williams, The Principles of Practical Cost-Benefit Analysis Mark S. Thompson, Benefit-Cost Analysis for Prognm Evaluation
TU-EE-A3-05: Assessment of Treatment Site-Specific Setup Accuracy and Reproducibility in Patient Positioning Using Daily MVCT Imaging

Purpose: To assess treatment site‐specific corrections in patient positioning from TomoTherapy Hi‐ART® megavoltage images.Method and Materials: Initial positioning corrections, determined by fusion of daily pre‐treatment MVCT to planning CTimages,wereanalyzed for different anatomical treatment sites.Over 600,1400, and 1200 fractions of head and neck (H&N) and brain,lung, and prostate tomotherapy treatments, respectively, were assessed. Translational and rotational, per‐fraction setup corrections were retrospectively compiled from individual patient archive files. Setup corrections were compared amongst anatomical treatment sites. Setup reproducibility was assessed by analyzing standard deviations and histograms of setup corrections. Setup accuracy was also assessed by analyzing 3D vector lengths and magnitudes of corrections. Results: Large variations in setup corrections were seen in all three disease sites. H&N treatments had a significantly smaller (p<0.001) vector length standard deviation of 2.54 mm compared with 6.99 mm and 6.46 mm for lung and prostate treatments, respectively, but had no significantly different standard deviation in roll rotations. The frequency of translations of vector lengths ⩾ 10 mm were 48.9% and 48.1% of all lung and prostate treatments, respectively, whereas corrections of that magnitude occurred in only 1.56% of H&N treatments. Frequencies of roll rotations were more comparable among the three disease sites. Conclusions:Analysis of patient positioning corrections indicates large variations between patients and treatments, suggesting a role for imaging every patient per‐fraction to ensure the most accurate reproducibility. H&N treatments had a higher setup reproducibility and accuracy in the lateral,longitudinal,and vertical directions. Even so, they were not significantly different rotationally than prostate and lungtreatments, suggesting a role for daily imaging in all three treatment sites. In quantifying site‐specific positioning reproducibility and accuracy, this work may be useful for assessing new treatment planning margins for image‐guided procedures or for developing adaptive radiotherapy techniques.
Who wants the children? Some relationships among attitudes toward children parents and the liberation of women.

A survey of relationships among attitudes toward children parents and the womens liberation movement used a questionnaire covering the following self-reporting areas: 1) marital status and age 2) father at home 3) working mother 4) creativity of child rearing 5) value of child rearing to society 6) mother and fathers nurturance 7) attitudes toward womens liberation. The sample consisted of undergraduates: 109 men (M) and 133 women (W) from an introductory psychology classroom and 47 older women from a Continuing Education for Women (CEW) program. Respondents were grouped into 4 categories by attitude toward having and rearing children: highly positive moderate low and inconsistent. Highly positive subjects ranked child rearing as more creative. The creativity of child rearing was ranked highest by CEW second by W and lowest by M. Highly positives considered child rearing more socially valuable. Proliberation women ranked child rearing as more creative but themselves less interested in it; they were less eager to have children and remember less care from their parents. Proliberation women evaluated fathers more poorly than mothers and had more positive feeling for their fathers. Proliberation women associate motherhood with the low status of women. We must come to view children as desirable and child rearing as not incompatible with other creative activities.
Management of prolonged food deprivation, hypothermia, and refeeding syndrome in a cat

Objective: To describe complications associated with the management of prolonged food deprivation and hypothermia in a cat. Case summary: A 5-year old, spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented, after being missing for 7 weeks, showing signs of prolonged starvation and marked hypothermia. Cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic complications arose during resuscitation and refeeding, and these complications resolved following supportive care and changes in refeeding strategy. The cat made a complete recovery with minimal long-term effects. New or unique information provided: This is the first report of successful management of severe prolonged food deprivation in a cat. The case also illustrates management and complications of hypothermia and refeeding syndrome, and demonstrates considerations for nutritional replacement after prolonged starvation.
Are Human Factors Professionals Needed for Product Development

Walter Herbst was invited by the Product Design Technical Group to give a keynote address on product development at the first of the Group’s meeting sessions. As an expert in product development, he has a long career in both industry and academia. His presentation focusses on the product development cycle and the roles of Industrial Design and of Human Factors in supporting it. His perception of Human Factors’ role may challenge your current thinking about it.
Analysis and design of algorithms for compressive sensing based noise radar systems

We study the compressive radar imaging problem from the perspective of statistical estimation. The goal of this paper is to characterize the estimation error. Conventional radar estimation and detection techniques are characterized by concrete performance guarantees which relate directly to practical systems. The state evolution approach applied to compressive sensing is particularly useful for such analysis. We emphasize the importance of the uniform norm of the estimation error for radar imaging. In the second part of the paper, we propose a weighted compressive sampling scheme for noise radar imaging that utilizes prior information about the target scene. The weights are obtained using the mutual information estimation between target echoes and the transmitted signals with an energy constraint.
A Novel Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Shoe-Tread Designs Relevant to Slip and Fall Accidents:

Slip and falls account for a large share of occupational accidents. Slips are typically initiated when an insufficient amount of friction is present between the shoe and floor surfaces during walking. Shoe tread is thought to enhance the friction by channeling fluid contaminants away from the shoe and floor surface thus mitigating the fluid’s ability to lubricate the two surfaces and reduce friction. This study presents a novel method for evaluating the effectiveness of shoe tread by measuring fluid pressures during simulated slips. Sensors embedded into the floor measured fluid pressure while a robotic slip-tester simulated a human slip. A work shoe with three different tread depths (no, medium and full tread) was tested against a vinyl floor using a diluted (90%) glycerol and diluted detergent (2% detergent, 98% water) contaminant. Fluid pressures were high in the no tread condition but negligible in the other two tread depth conditions for the diluted glycerol and were negligible for all diluted deterg...
Barriers to early uptake of tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) among adults—United States, 2005–2007

Abstract Background The tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) was recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for U.S. adults in 2005. Our objective was to identify barriers to early uptake of Tdap among adult populations. Methods The 2007 National Immunization Survey (NIS)-Adult was a telephone survey sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Immunization information was collected for persons aged ≥18 years on all ACIP-recommended vaccines. A weighted analysis accounted for the complex survey design and non-response. Results Overall, 3.6% of adults aged 18–64 years reported receipt of a Tdap vaccination. Of unvaccinated respondents, 18.8% had heard of Tdap, of which 9.4% reported that a healthcare provider had recommended it. A low perceived risk of contracting pertussis was the single most common reason for either not vaccinating with Tdap or being unwilling to do so (44.7%). Most unvaccinated respondents (81.8%) indicated a willingness to receive Tdap if it was recommended by a provider. Conclusions During the first two years of availability, Tdap uptake was likely inhibited by a low collective awareness of Tdap and a low perceived risk of contracting pertussis among U.S. adults, as well as a paucity of provider-to-patient vaccination recommendations. Significant potential exists for improved coverage, as many adults were receptive to vaccination.
Safety standards for the environmental release of genetically engineered organisms

The use of genetically engineered organisms holds considerable promise for environmental management and other purposes, provided appropriate safety standards are established and observed. The problem with much of the debate concerning deliberate releases has been the difficulty in getting down to specifics. Examples can be advanced that give cause for concern, or that demonstrate that introductions can be carried out safely; but none of these has the generality to apply to all cases. Generic arguments for and agaisnt the safety of introductions must be rejected, and replaced by consideration of the properties of individual introductions. It is the properties of the introduced organism in relation to the environment that must receive attention, not the method by which the genetic modification was achieved. One must go beyond discussions that lump all possible applications together, and develop criteria that associate individual cases with the risk categories most appropriate to them.
Natural History of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis is an insidious disease that progresses through the clinical phases: preclinical, asymptomatic, symptomatic, and liver insufficiency. The outlook of patients diagnosed with PBC has improved significantly over the past 2 decades because more patients are being diagnosed earlier in the disease process and being treated with UDCA. A need remains to better define and predict the course of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients on and off UDCA in order to better evaluate outcomes of clinical trials.
2 D Tokamak Edge Simulation Including Impurities

In the first part of this paper we present multifluid model calculations of marfe instabilities in a simple geometry. Assuming carbon as the dominant impurity, the time evolution of the 2D Marfe is followed and typical e-folding times and their variation with the poloidal and radial heat conductivities are determined. In part two of this paper we present a scrape-off layer simulation in a typical x-point geometry using a simplyfied hydrogen recycling model and again carbon as impurities. Other impurity species can be treated as well.
The inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by fatty acid in isolated rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract The influence of fatty acid on the interconversion of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) between its active (dephospho-) and inactive (phospho-) forms and on the intramitochondrial ATP ADP , NADH NAD + and acetyl-CoA CoASH ratios was studied in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Conditions were found in which the PDH activity was inversely correlated only with the NADH NAD + ratio. Under other conditions the PDH activity was inversely correlated solely with the acetyl-CoA CoASH ratio. These experiments suggest that the activity of the regulatory enzymes involved in the inactivation and reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex may be controlled by both the intramitochondrial NADH NAD + and acetyl-CoA CoASH ratios.
Note-Comments on the Complexity Rating Factor for Layout Problems

In a recently published Note, Block Block, T. E. 1979. On the complexity of facilities layout problems. Management Sci.25 3 280-285. attempted to provide a definitive method to evaluate the complexity of facilities layout problems. He proposed a complexity rating factor that is based on flow dominance and the number of facilities. Mathematically, the rating factor suffers from the use of an incorrect upper bound for flow dominance. Also, there is a problem with regard to its interpretability. These shortcomings are discussed in this Note. The sensitivities of flow dominance and the rating factor to changes in a single element of the flow matrix are examined and their implications discussed.
Mismatched metaphor: user vs system moeel in computer-aided drafting

Abstract We report findings from an extensive study of the users of a Computer-Aided Drafting (CAD) system. Our observations suggest that the CAD system is used inefficiently, because users approach computer-aided drafting from a T-square metaphor reflecting their past experience with traditional drawing media. This prevents them from discovering and using effectively powerful system commands that have no equivalent in manual techniques. These findings suggest that we should rethink the ways in which CAD users are trained and manuals are written, and that we introduce CAD users to a more strategic use of CAD, particularly to a Detail/Aggregate/Manipulate (DAM) strategy that takes advantage of the compositional logic underlying a design.
Enhanced Real-Time Monitoring of Adeno-Associated Virus Trafficking by Virus-Quantum Dot Conjugates

The unique spectral properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) enable long-term live-cell imaging and ultrasensitive detection of viral particles, which in turn can potentially provide a practical means for detailed analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms of virus entry. In this study, we report a general method of labeling adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) with QDs for enhanced visualization of the intracellular behavior of viruses in living target cells. It was found that the mild conditions required for this QD conjugation reaction allowed for the retention of viral infectivity of AAV2. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of viral motility in living cells suggested that QD-labeling had no significant effect on the intracellular transport properties of AAV2 particles compared to those of conventional organic dye-labeled AAV2. Our imaging study demonstrated that QD-AAV2 was internalized mainly through a clathrin-dependent pathway and then trafficked through various endosomes. It was als...
Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of the mongolian gerbil,Meriones unguiculatus—I evidence for x subunits

Abstract 1. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes of Meriones unguiculatus are studied. 2. Electrophoretic evidence indicates that Meriones LDH is a tetrameric molecule. 3. Differential staining demonstrates that M. unguiculatus possesses LDH-X and other sub-bands in its epididymis and testes. 4. The kidney is unique in that it contains a sub-band, but this sub-band is not related to LDH-X.