cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation for binary models generated by Gaussian autoregressive processes

Regression-type and partial likelihood models are presented for binary data obtained by clipping a Gaussian autoregressive process. Five methods for estimating parameters of the model are proposed and compared via a simulation study. A real data analysis is also presented.
Tricyclic thiazolo[3,2-a]thiapyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidines and related analogs as potential anti-inflammatory agents

A series of novel tricyclic thiazolo[3,2-a]thiapyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidines and related oxa, aza and carbo analogs of general formula 1 were prepared by a convenient addition-cyclization reaction involving 2-amino-2-thiazoline (4) and bisarylidene ketones of formula 3. Some of these compounds demonstrated antiinflammatory activity.
Geochemistry, crystal structure and mineralogy of the sulfides

The principal component metals of the sulfides and the similarities of chemical bonding and packing geometry of both simple and complex sulfides and sulfo salts are discussed. While individual sulfides and sulfo salts may differ in chemical composition, there is sufficient structural resemblance to permit the establishment of a single classification. An attempt has been made to relate the descriptive mineralogy (the physical and chemical properties) to the new classification and bonding structure.
Physical geography on the methodological fence: David Stoddart (1965) Geography and the ecological approach: The ecosystem as a geographic principle and method. Geography 50: 242–251

The concept and use of ‘systems’ in geography has had a difficult history. While it is considered to be at the core of physical geography, systems thinking has never united the discipline. Stoddart’s (1965) exhortation reveals some of the reasons for both the allegiance to the concept and the difficulties in putting it into practice. In 1965 the fissures in geography separated the spatial from the chorological tradition and both from that of human-environment; Stoddart attempted to identify a methodology, with a clear role for physical geography, that could address such divisions. Stoddart’s thinking illustrates why it is so difficult for any single methodology to cover geography’s concerns. Moreover, it represents a particular moment in the history of geography that helps us understand the current position of physical geography in the discipline.
JCE Classroom Activity #108. Using Archimedes’ Principle To Explain Floating and Sinking Cans

In this activity, students (working alone or in groups) measure the mass of several soda cans (diet and regular soda) along with the mass of water that each can displaces. The students are then asked to compare these two mass values for the sinking cans and for the floating cans. The purpose of this activity is for students to determine that the floating cans displace a mass of water roughly equal to the can’s mass while the sinking cans displace a mass of water that is less than the can’s mass. Students are asked to explain these results using Archimedes’ principle, which states that an immersed body is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Environmental and Human Dimensions of Ocean Renewable Energy Development

A number of review articles have synthesized current expert opinion regarding interactions of ocean energy generation technologies with environmental parameters and their potential effects and impacts. Fewer articles have documented such interactions, as operational devices and or demonstration sites at which to make such observations are limited. In this paper, we discuss how the perceived risk or impact of ocean renewable energy development on coastal communities (both the human and marine biological communities) is a function not only of actual physical interactions but also depends on the regulatory environment and how potentially impacted coastal resources are valued by stakeholders. In this paper, we review potential environmental effects of ocean energy, identify applicable federal regulations that address potentially affected ecological components, and highlight observations about stakeholder concerns from experiences in Oregon. Understanding the societal lens through which potential environmental effects are viewed is important for developers to move forward as it will be the regulators and local communities who will determine if projects are permitted.
Non-Gaussian behavior of low-order moments in fully developed turbulence

An experimental study is made of velocity increment statistics in turbulent pipe flow. Special attention is given to positive and negative parts of the increments, corresponding to low-order-moment statistics. In particular, we study the zeroth moment of both positive and negative parts of the distribution, i.e., the box counting for each part separately: that makes it possible to calculate the Kolmogorov capacity. Low-order-moment statistics corresponds to low and moderate velocity increments, which are described by a probability density-function for, say, less than three standard deviations. The distributions prove to deviate noticeable from Gaussian or from some other simple distribution. This implies a deviation from scaling law for the structure functions, suggested by the Kolmogorov hypotheses.
Creep of nanocrystalline Cu, Pd, and Al-Zr

Creep tests were carried out over a range of temperatures (0.24 – 0.64 Tm) and stresses on samples of nanocrystalline Cu, Pd, and Al-Zr made by inert gas condensation and compaction. The measured creep rates are two to four orders of magnitude smaller than the values predicted by the equation for Coble creep. At moderate temperatures, the creep rates are comparable or lower than the corresponding coarse-grain rates. Except for the tests performed at the highest homologous temperatures, all creep curves can be fit by the equation for logarithmic creep. The samples in the as-prepared state are highly twinned, and it is believed that the prevalence of low-energy grain boundaries together with inhibition of dislocation activity caused by the small grain sizes are responsible for the low strain rates.
(1E)-2-(Diacetylamino)-1-methylprop-1-enyl acetate.

The analysis of the title compound, C 10 H 15 NO 4 , firmly establishes the configuration of the double bond as E, a stereochemistry that had been assigned tentatively by other methods. The diacetylamine and acetate substituents are approximately coplanar to one another, but approximately perpendicular to the planar ethene core. H atoms of the ethene methyl substituents are found within the ethene plane, indicating that hyperconjugation does not play an important role in stabilizing the double bond.
The mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. II. Epidermal Langerhans cells are responsible for the enhanced allogeneic lymphocyte-stimulating capacity of normal human epidermal cell suspensions.

Earlier studies carried out in our laboratory which demonstrated that disaggregated human epidermal cells isolated from normal flexor forearm skin produced a greater degree of primary allogeneic lymphocyte blastogenic response than did autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells have since been confirmed by others. We have now completed a series of additional studies designed to determine the basis for this difference. Blocking studies with anti-HLA-DR antibodies revealed that the allogeneic response triggered by epidermal cells was completely dependent on the presence of unbound HLA-DR molecules eliminating the possibility that nonspecific mitogenic effects produced by the epidermal cell suspension might be responsible for the difference. In addition we were unable to demonstrate that epidermal keratinocytes were supplying a nonspecific helper or growth-promoting effect to the interaction between stimulating HLA-DR bearing Langerhans cells and responding T lymphocytes. Since it has recently been suggested that the entire alloantigen-presenting capacity of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be attributed to a small population of HLA-DR antigen-bearing dendritic cells, we have considered the possibility that the greater degree of allogeneic lymphocyte response produced by epidermal cells could be due to the presence of a greater percentage of HLA-DR positive dendritic cells present in epidermal cell suspensions (i.e., Langerhans cells). Peripheral blood dendritic cell-enriched fractions and epidermal cell suspensions that contained similar percentages of dendritic cells produced equivalent amounts of allogeneic lymphocyte stimulation, whereas peripheral blood dendritic cell-enriched fractions that contained greater percentages of dendritic cells than were present in epidermal cell suspensions produced greater amounts of allogeneic stimulation. We therefore conclude that the enhanced mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulating capacity of human epidermal cell suspension could be explained by the fact that epidermal cell suspensions contain a greater percentage of HLA-DR bearing alloantigen-presenting dendritic cells than do unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell suspensions.
Geostrophic Transport Through the Drake Passage

Geostrophic velocity and transport of water in the Drake Passage relative to a newly defined zero reference layer indicate that the circumpolar current is basically north of 59°S, with its axis north 57°S, and that the total volume transport exceeds 200 x 106 cubic meters per second. The calculated geostrophic velocities are consistent with results of descriptive water-structure studies.
Presidential Address: The Emergence of Emerging Adulthood: A Personal History

This article presents a brief history of the field of emerging adulthood, from the author’s early studies in the 1990s through the recent establishment of the Society for the Study of Emerging Adulthood (SSEA). Also included is an overview of the results of a recent national study, the Clark University Poll of Emerging Adults, which included items pertaining to the five features proposed in the theory of emerging adulthood. The results show that all five features are supported by a majority of 18- to 29-year-olds. The final part of the essay proposes that the SSEA will be international, open to a wide range of methods, and an organization where the leadership contributions of young scholars are encouraged and welcomed.
Controlling Meiotic Recombinational Repair - Specifying the Roles of ZMMs, Sgs1 and Mus81/Mms4 in Crossover Formation

Crossovers (COs) play a critical role in ensuring proper alignment and segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. How the cell balances recombination between CO vs. noncrossover (NCO) outcomes is not completely understood. Further lacking is what constrains the extent of DNA repair such that multiple events do not arise from a single double-strand break (DSB). Here, by interpreting signatures that result from recombination genome-wide, we find that synaptonemal complex proteins promote crossing over in distinct ways. Our results suggest that Zip3 (RNF212) promotes biased cutting of the double Holliday-junction (dHJ) intermediate whereas surprisingly Msh4 does not. Moreover, detailed examination of conversion tracts in sgs1 and mms4-md mutants reveal distinct aberrant recombination events involving multiple chromatid invasions. In sgs1 mutants, these multiple invasions are generally multichromatid involving 3–4 chromatids; in mms4-md mutants the multiple invasions preferentially resolve into one or two chromatids. Our analysis suggests that Mus81/Mms4 (Eme1), rather than just being a minor resolvase for COs is crucial for both COs and NCOs in preventing chromosome entanglements by removing 3′- flaps to promote second-end capture. Together our results force a reevaluation of how key recombination enzymes collaborate to specify the outcome of meiotic DNA repair.
The dps promoter is activated by OxyR during growth and by IHF and σs in stationary phase

Summary Dps is a non-specific DNA-binding protein abundant In starved Escherichia eoii ceiis and is important for the defence against hydrogen peroxide. We found that dps mRNA leveis are controiied by rpoS-encoded a^, the transcriptionai activator OxyR and the histoneiike iHF protein, in exponentiaily growing ceiis, dps is induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in an OxyR-dependen t manner. This OxyR-dependent induction occurs oniy during iog phase, aithough the OxyR protein is present in stationary phase, in the stationary phase ceits, dps is expressed in a a^- and iHF-dependent manner. The purified OxyR and iHF proteins are aiso shown to bind upstream of the dps promoter. Our results suggest that the dps promoter is recognized by both o^°-hoioenzyme and <r®-holoenzyme, since OxyR acts through a^° and the starts of the OxyR- and (T^-dependent transcripts are identicai.
Notes On Cultural Relations Between Asia and America

The Archaeology of Alaska has been coming to the front in recent years as the result of protracted activities chiefly on the part of the National Museum in Washington, the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia, the Canadian National Museum at Ottawa, and the University of Alaska at Fairbanks. Some twenty years ago, through the efforts of Vilhjalmur Stefansson, the American Museum of Natural History had already obtained a large archaeological collection from Pt. Barrow and vicinity, which is at least partly published and which may conceivably have helped to stimulate this new interest.
IMMUNE RESPONSE AFTER SPLENECTOMY

The immune response to intravenously administered bacteriophage phiX 174 and subcutaneously administered tridecavalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was studied in 31 patients with anatomical or functional asplenia. Antibody responses to primary immunisation with phiX 174 were significantly decreased while clearance was normal. Secondary responses were quantitatively normal; however, production of antibody did not switch from IgM to IgG as seen in controls. All groups of asplenic patients accept those patients with Hodgkin's disease demonstrated significant seroconversions in response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens. One patient with Hodgkin's disease, treated with local irradiation only, demonstrated normal responses to pneumococcal capsular antigens. 10 of the 12 capsular antigens for which antibody was measured stimulated threefold increases in antibody in the 26 asplenic patients without Hodgkin's disease, which is similar to that observed in controls. Since the majority of cases of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, all patients with either anatomical or functional asplenia should receive pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.
Thermal chemistry of cis-1,2-dichloroethene on Pd(111).

The reaction of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) on Pd(111) has been investigated by temperature-programmed desorption, laser-induced thermal desorption, Auger electron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Below 130 K, molecular cis-DCE aggregates, resulting in only about 30% of the molecules from exposures below saturation significantly interacting with the palladium surface. The decomposition of cis-DCE generates the observable species H2, HCl, and ethylidyne. A fraction of cis-DCE molecules lose both chlorine atoms and add hydrogen to form ethylidyne, which is stable on the surface between 250 and 370 K. Hydrogen is liberated at about 420 K from cis-DCE surface fragments that immediately combine with surface chlorine and desorb as HCl. The most intense HCl desorption occurs at about 575 K and is due to surface chlorine reacting with either subsurface hydrogen or hydrogen from the remaining surface alkyl fragments. No carbon-containing species desorb from the ...
Optimizing personalized normative feedback: the use of gender-specific referents.

Objective: Many brief interventions include personalized normative feedback (PNF) using gender-specific or gender-neutral referents. Several theories suggest that information pertaining to more socially proximal referents should have greater influence on one's behavior compared with more socially distal referents. The current research evaluated whether gender specificity of the normative referent employed in PNF related to intervention efficacy. Method: Following baseline assessment, 185 college students (45.2% women) were randomly assigned to one of three intervention conditions: gender-specific feedback, gender-neutral feedback, or assessment-only control. Immediately after completing measures of perceived norms, alcohol consumption, and gender identity, participants in the gender-neutral and gender-specific intervention conditions were provided with computerized information detailing their own drinking behavior, their perceptions of student drinking, and actual student drinking. Results: After a 1-mont...
Accuracy of critical-temperature sensitivity coefficients predicted by multilayered composite plate theories

An assessment is made of the accuracy of the critical-temperature sensitivity coefficients of multilayered plates predicted by different modeling approaches, based on two-dimensional shear-deformation theories. The sensitivity coefficients considered measure the sensitivity of the critical temperatures to variations in different lamination and material parameters of the plate. The standard of comparison is taken to be the sensitivity coefficients obtained by the three-dimensional theory of thermoelasticity. Numerical studies are presented showing the effects of variation in the geometric and lamination parameters of the plate on the accuracy of both the sensitivity coefficients and the critical temperatures predicted by the different modeling approaches.
Audio-WiFi: audio channel assisted WiFi network for smart phones

Wi-Fi is becoming widely popular network interface for data communication in smart phones because of it’s high throughput, power efficiency and relatively larger range. However, the Wi-Fi network still has some perturbation such as high consumption of energy and bandwidth for detecting the contention and collision, energy consumption in idle state for continuous scanning of new networks and poor utilization of wireless channel for not detecting packet loss or collision while a transmitter is transmitting. In addition, Wi-Fi needs to transmit low rate of control packets (RTS/CTS) in order to access the channels. Researchers have proposed to use other existing wireless network interface (Bluetooth , ZigBee etc.) as a parallel communication for enhancing the performance of Wi-Fi network by addressing above issues [1], [2]. Although the solution of using bluetooth, ZigBee in parallel with WiFi improves the performance, it creates severe interference with Wi-Fi for communicating in the same frequency band (2.4GHz). In our project, we like to enhance the performance of data communication over the Wi-Fi network by integrating the mic/speaker of the smart phones as a parallel communication channel. Our idea is to propose a novel framework of communication using mic/speaker in order to develop a more efficient Wi-Fi network communication. The non-interferential nature with Wi-Fi network is the biggest advantage of using audio communication channel for this purpose. For audio communication we like to exploit frequency band beyond normal human ear perception. At our knowledge, most of the smart phones are both capable of generating and discerning audio frequency beyond human ear perception.
The experimental production of jaw tumors in hamsters

Abstract Jaw tumors (sarcomas) were produced in 80 per cent of the hamsters treated with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene. These tumors spread by invasion along the periodontal membrane.
Factors influencing the water speed of swimming sea hares, Aplysia brasiliana

Abstract Swimming data for Aplysia brasiliana , a gastropod mollusc, were studied to determine what variables influence water speed (i.e. the velocity of travel relative to the water mass). Water speeds varied from 2.5 to 14 m/min. Water speed was primarily correlated with current aspect (i.e. the angular difference between the animal's heading and the current direction), and the relationship was strongest at high current speeds. This relationship is termed the Thrust Modulation Response (TMR). High waves caused significant underestimation of water speed, and high waves also detracted from TMR clarity for other reasons. Water speed was not significantly correlated with release number, current speed, current component, wave component, water depth or sun aspect. Although considerable variance in water speed was not accounted for by the variables studied, it is clear that future field experiments on mechanisms underlying the TMR should be done when current speeds are high and wave heights are low.
Review of ethnic disparities in access to renal transplantation

Renal transplantation is the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease and is associated with several advantages over dialysis, including increased quality of life, reduced morbidity and mortality, and lower healthcare costs. Barring the constraints of a limited organ supply, the goals of the patient care should focus on attaining renal transplantation while minimizing, or even eliminating, time spent on dialysis. Disparities in access to renal transplantation between African Americans and Caucasians have been extensively documented, with African Americans having significantly poorer access. There is a growing corpus of literature examining the determinants of reduced access among other racial ethnic minority groups, including Hispanics. These determinants include patient and physician preference, socioeconomic status, insurance type, patient education, and immunologic factors. We review these determinants in access to renal transplantation in the United States among all races and ethnicities.
Power and Citizenship in a Democratic Society

Gunn, Christopher Eaton. 1984. Workers' Self-Management in the United States. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Habermas, Jurgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hill, Leslie I. 1991. "Power and Citizenship in a Democratic Society." PS: Political Science & Politics 24: 495-98. Jones, Kathleen B. 1976. "Citizenship in a Woman-Friendly Polity." Review Essay. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. Vol. 15, no. 4. Macpherson, C. B. 1976. The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mason, Ronald M. 1982. Participatory and Workplace Democracy: A Theoretical Development in the Critique of Liberalism. Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press, 1982. Oldfield, Adrian. 1990. "Citizenship: An Unnatural Practice?" Political Quarterly. 61:2. April-June. Ost, David. 1989. Solidarity and the Politics of Anti-Politics: Opposition and Reform in Poland Since 1968. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Pateman, Carole. 1970. Participation and Democratic Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Rimmerman, Craig A. 1986. "Citizen Participation in a Time of Resource Scarcity." Citizen Participation. Spring. . 1988. "Reagan's New Federalism and the Implementation of Community Development Block Grants in a Midwestern City." In Peter Eisinger and William Gormley (eds.), The Midwest Response to the New Federalism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. . 1989. "Teaching the Modern Presidency." Political Science Teacher. Summer. Vol. 2, No. 3. Steiner, David. 1991. "Political Theory, Educational Practice." PS: Political Science & Politics 24: 498-500. Thompson, Dennis F. 1984. "Political Theory and Political Judgment." PS 17: 193-97. Wolin, Sheldon. 1989. "Democracy and the Welfare State." In The Presence of the Past: Essays on the State and the Constitution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. . 1989. "Introduction." In Sheldon Wolin, The Presence of the Past: Essays on the State and the Constitution. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Sexuality and intimacy in assisted living: Residents’ perspectives and experiences

The assisted living industry provides residential, medical, nutritional, functional, and social services for approximately 1 million older adults in the United States. Despite their holistic approach to person-centered care and their emphasis on a consumer-empowered, social environment, assisted living providers pay scant attention to clients’ sexual needs. In this article, the authors discuss the realities of sex and intimacy in assisted living from the perspectives of residents, families, managers, and staff, exploring the discourse of sexuality, the impact of institutional structure and the role of oversight on sexual attitudes and behaviors, and the relationship of assisted living industry values to residents’ sexual expression. Also presented are practical recommendations and policy implications for addressing the sexual and intimacy needs of current and future cohorts of assisted living residents. Data for this article were drawn from 3 National Institute on Aging-funded ethnographic studies conducted in 13 assisted living settings over 9 years.
Effects of thyroid hormones on angiotensinogen gene expression in rat liver, brain, and cultured cells.

We examined the effect of chronic hypo- and hyper- thyroidism on angiotensinogen (AOG) gene expression in rat liver and brain. Chronic hypothyroidism resulted in approximately a 50% decrease in plasma AOG and AOG messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in liver, diencephalon, and brain stem. In contrast, plasma AOG and liver AOG mRNA concentrations were elevated by about 75% during hyperthyroidism, but no change was seen in diencephalon and brain stem. In vitro, the effect of T3 on AOG secretion by rat hepatoma cell lines H35 and H4IIEC-3 depended on the type of cell line used and on the growth status of the cells. At confluency, H35 cells were more responsive to T3 than H4IIEC-3 cells. In addition, subconfluent H35 cells were less responsive to T3 than confluent ones, although no difference was observed in the number of nuclear T3 binding sites or in the responsiveness to dexamethasone. T3 also increased AOG mRNA concentration in confluent H35 cells. Finally, AOG secretion by primary cultures of rat astrocyt...
Sources of recently deposited sediments in playa wetlands

There are more than 20,000 playa wetlands in the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. Playas with cropland watersheds have lost most of their basin volume due to sedimentation, and they have lost more volume than playas with rangeland watersheds. To determine the source (wind vs. water transport) of sedimentation in playas and develop management recommendations to lessen sediment impacts, we examined the particle size distribution (PSD) of soils in 8 playas with rangeland and cropland watersheds. The distribution curves of sand in playa sediments plotted against relative distance coincided with playa elevational profiles, and the PSD of deeper sediments contained more sand, especially at the playa margins. In contrast, more clay had been deposited in the central portion of the playa basin, and clay content decreased with sediment depth. Sand content at playa edges was greater in crop than in range playas. Sediments eroded from the surrounding watershed resulted in deposition of coarser soil particles at the playa margin, whereas finer particles dominated playa centers. Because most sediments in playa wetlands orginate from the immediate watershed and are deposited through water erosion, management activities should concentrate on practices that reduce watershed erosion.
Ethyl methanesulfonate-induced chromosome breakage in the mouse.

Abstract Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced high frequencies of dominant lethal mutations in mouse epididymal spermatozoa and late spermatids and lower frequencies in vas deferens spermatozoa and early spermatids. Pre-meiotic germ cell stages were relatively resistent to the induction of dominant lethals and cell killing. The same dose of the chemical also induced high frequencies of translocations among the F1 offspring, the frequencies being highest among offspring from the germ cell stages most sensitive to the induction of dominant lethals. Evidence is presented which support the concept that F1 male sterility, like F1 male semi-sterility, has a basis of chromosome breakage.
Emotional Commitment, Normative Acceptability, and Attributions for Abusive Partner Behaviors

A model of how individuals in premarital relationships arrive at attributions for abusive partner behaviors was assessed. Evaluations of the abusiveness of partner behaviors and level of emotional commitment were of particular interest. Three categories of behaviors were examined: (a) physical abuse, (b) psychological abuse, and (c) sexual abuse. Participants were 103 young adults involved in premarital relationships who completed modified versions of Billingham's Emotional Commitment Scale and Shepard and Campbell's Abusive Behavior Inventory. A series of ANOVAs revealed that commitment level was a significant predictor of premarital attributions. Individuals categorizing themselves as highly committed blamed their partners significantly less for abusive partner behaviors than did individuals reporting moderate levels of commitment. Across all abuse types, females placed more blame on their partners for abusive partner behaviors than did males.
High-field transverse and longitudinal thermal magnetoresistances of potassium

We report the results of extensive thermal magnetoresistance measurements on polycrystalline potassium specimens. The specimens had residual resistance ratios ranging from 2100 to 7300. Measurements were made between 3 and 9 K, for magnetic fields up to 9.5 T. No sign of saturation was observed. The previously observed quadratic term persists to the highest fields, completely dominating the linear term. The various possible sources of error are carefully analyzed and discussed and we conclude that the quadratic term is not due to probe effects or measurement artifacts. Using previously determined values of the lattice thermal conductivity ${k}_{g}$, we correct the data for the effects of lattice heat conduction. The corrected thermal magnetoresistance has the same form as the uncorrected: $W(H,T)T=W(O,T)T+AH+B{H}^{2}$. Values of $A$ and $B$, corrected and uncorrected for ${k}_{g}$, are presented. $A={A}_{0}+{A}_{1}{T}^{3}$, with ${A}_{0}$ strongly purity dependent and ${A}_{1}$ almost independent of purity. $B$ is also almost independent of purity and is a monotonically decreasing function of $T$. The thermal Kohler slope is compared to the electrical Kohler slope and is found to be nearly four times larger for specimens of similar purity. A speculation concerning the role of deviations from Matthiesson's rule on the Kohler slopes is presented. Kohler's rule is obeyed. The Wiedemann-Franz law is not obeyed, even if the quadratic term is ignored.
Intracranial hematoma in experienced teenage equestrians

Intracranial hematoma in pediatric equestrians is rare, notwithstanding the lack of uniform standards and requirements for the use of protective headgear during equestrian events. We report two teenage helmeted equestrians who sustained severe head trauma with intracranial hematoma due to falls during equestrian events. Current recommendations for the use of equestrian headgear are reviewed.
Lymphokine/Monokine Inhibition of Fibroblast Proliferation and Collagen Production: Role in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis (PSS)

A normal fibrotic response to inflammatory stimuli appears to be dependent on the balanced production of a number of stimulatory and inhibitory fibroblast-regulatory mediators by activated mononuclear cells (MNL). To investigate whether altered mediator production contributes to the fibrosis observed in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), we stimulated human peripheral blood MNL with concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to produce macromolecular mediators that inhibit the proliferation and the collagen production of cultured normal human fibroblasts. The two Con A-induced mediators were lymphokines (LK) as they were exclusively produced by activated T cells and they coeluted from a Sephacryl S-200 column with a M r of 50,000. In contrast, the two LPS-induced mediators were monokines (MK) as they were exclusively produced by activated monocytes, and they coeluted in the M r 20,000 range. Each pair of inhibition LK and MK may also be distinct as inhibitions of collagen production still occurred in proliferatively quiescent cultures. A quantitative comparison of the levels of fibroblast-inhibitory LK/MK produced by normal volunteers and long-term PSS patients revealed that although PSS MNL produced normal levels of both collagen production inhibitory mediators, they were aberrant producers of both proliferation inhibitory mediators, being hypo-producers (-49%) of the LK and hyperproducers (+ 196%) of the MK. These results suggest that reduced production of proliferation inhibitory LK may allow stimulatory mediators to induce the unrestricted fibroblast proliferation observed in early active PSS, which then may be stabilized in long-term PSS by the increased production of proliferation inhibitory MK.
A Macroeconometric Model for Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper describes and evaluates a quarterly macroeconometric model for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Following the declaration of independence in 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina plunged into a war that ended in 1995 with the Dayton/Paris peace agreement. The war caused major destruction as well as sharply rising inflation and unemployment. In addition, the peace agreement led to a significant fragmentation of competences between different entities. The unfavorable starting position of the transformation process toward a parliamentary democracy and a market economy, as well as the fragmented political structure, complicate the building of a macroeconomic model and limit the availability of reliable data. Data before 1999 are strongly influenced by the effects of the war and transformation. Moreover, some aggregates, such as the capital stock and quarterly national accounts series, are not officially published and had to be constructed. Nevertheless, the macroeconometric model can replicate the endogenous variabl...
Nurses Who Violate the Nurse Practice Act: Transformation of Professional Identity

The purpose of this interpretive research was to explore and describe the experiences of nurses who had been accused of violating the Nurse Practice Act. These nurses were investigated by the Florida Department of Professional Regulation (DPR); "probable cause" that a violation of the Nurse Practice Act occurred was found; the nurses participated in a hearing and were required to comply with the Board of Nursing's (BON) order. In-depth interviews with nurses, DPR and BON staff, participant observation at BON hearings and document analysis of BON files provided multiple slices of data. The grounded theory method was used for data analysis. These nurses experienced a transformation of professional identity. The transformation involved five phases - being confronted, assuming a stance, going through it, living the consequences and re-visioning.
Specific heat of HMX

The specific heat of octahydro-1,3,5, 7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7 tetrazocine (HMX) was determined by the use of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The specific heat for both crystalline and powdered samples was obtained from 294 to 445 K for the beta phase and from 410 to 485 K for the delta phase. The specific heat results were fitted to least squares polynomials to allow the interpolation of the data between points and extrapolation with appropriate care to higher temperatures. The effects of partially decomposed HMX samples on the specific heat were investigated also. 6 references.
Three-Year Assessment is Predictive of Outcome at 8 Years of Age for Elbw Survivors.

Background: Extremely low birth weight infants are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities. It would be useful to determine if preschool screening could predict which children will be normal at school age so follow-up resources could be directed to those at greatest risk.
Cephalometric roentgenography of infants: Sedation, instrumentation, and research

Abstract Cephalometric roentgenography of infants and small children has been made possible through the use of sedation and the design of cephalometric apparatus specifically suited to the handling of infants. A detailed statement of the theory and practice of secobarbital sedation was deemed essential, so that the hazards as well as the possibilities might be fully understood by those who would undertake similar research. The cephalometric equipment was designed to conform with the Broadbent-Bolton standards. The principal deviation was that a 3 foot distance from the frontal tube to the transporionic axis was employed instead of the standardized 5 foot distance. The lateral tube was mounted at the conventional 5 foot distance from the midsagittal plane of the head holder. It was found that rest position of the mandible, as recorded in the sedated infant, was remarkably constant for that infant. The same mandibular posture was obtained at a later age in the same child when similar examinations were performed without sedation and with the child in the supine position on the cephalometer for infants. Similar rest positions for the mandible in the same child were registered when lateral headplates were finally obtained with the child sitting upright in the Broadbent-Bolton cephalometer. The primary requirement for such regularity of mandibular posture was the maintenance of similar head to neck to body relationships. Serial investigations of a variety of congenital deformities of the brain case and facial skeleton were presented to demonstrate the value of these techniques in the study of abnormal patterns of growth of the head in infants and small children.
Baltoma: a rare cause of pulmonary nodules

Baltoma is a rare cause of pulmonary nodules, originating from Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (BALT). Certain characteristic findings are helpful for diagnosis but do not substitute for tissue diagnosis. Adequate sampling of nodules is necessary for definitive diagnosis by the pathologist. This slow growing malignant tumor responds well to therapy.
Genetic and cultural pools: Some suggestions for a unified theory of biocultural evolution

By introducing the concept of the natural selection of individual organisms, Darwin was able to cut through the mystification surrounding theological discussions of the origin of species. By placing the concept of an individual “struggle for satisfaction” in an analogous conceptual framework, a similar feat may be performed with regard to the mystification and reification surrounding much of contemporary social science. The proposed theory states that individuals are the generating force behind the origin, spread, and transformations of sociocultural complexes and that all sociocultural phenomena are explicable in terms of the differential replication of ideas by individuals as this is conditioned by selective pressures generated by particular material conditions of life. The theory is used to illuminate certain key issues in evolution, such as adaptation, group selection, and free will
Intraocular fluid dynamics. IV. Intraocular sites of solute utilization and transport as revealed by studies on aphakic eyes

Abstract The concentrations of six major intraocular fluid (IOF) constituents were compared in phakic and aphakic rabbit eyes in order to study the role of the lens in the maintenance of normal concentration gradients between the aqueous and vitreous and to help reveal other sites of solute utilization and transport in the mammalian eye. The protein concentration was transiently increased after extracapsular lens extraction in both the aqueous and the vitreous, while that of ascorbic acid was decreased in the aqueous. A new steady state of these substances was achieved by 10 weeks, at which time the concentrations of ascorbic and lactic acids were lower while glucose was significantly higher in the aqueous of the aphakic as compared to the contralateral phakic eye. In the vitreous the concentration of K + was decreased and that of total amino acid was increased. Upon incubation of aphakic eyes in vitro, the concentration of K + increased and glucose decreased in both aqueous and vitreous at a rate similar to that of incubated phakic eyes. Paracentesis, surgical trauma, and inflammation may account for the initial effects of lens extraction. Some of the long term changes can be accounted for by the elimination of an organ that normally utilizes substances from, and releases metabolites into, the aqueous and the vitreous and acts as a partial permeability barrier and a transport site between these compartments. The present study indicates, however, that the lens makes lesser metabolic demands on the vitreous than the retina. It also supports the concepts that there is a net K + flux across the lens and an active removal of K + from the extracellular fluids of the retina and, hence, from the vitreous across the blood-retinal barrier. Rapid release of K + into the vitreous of isolated aphakic eyes suggests that the retina responds to asphyxia or ischemia with release of intracellular K + before its metabolic resources are exhausted.
An extension of the Kimmel treatment method for enuresis to an adolescent: A case report

Abstract Operant treatment methods, previously described by Kimmel and Kimmel, were successfully applied to an adolescent enuretic. Based on theoretical and practical grounds, this report delineates certain procedural modification.
The nervous control of the indirect flight muscles of the honey bee

1. Changes in wingbeat frequency and action potential frequency were highly correlated in response to changes in body temperature. Wingbeat frequencies of 50 to 175 Hz occurred simultaneously with action potential frequencies of 9 to 26 Hz in response to changes in body temperature over a range of 16 to 34° C. 2. Weighting the wings lowered the wingbeat frequency and the action potential frequency simultaneously. 3. The oxygen consumed per action potential was constant before and during flight (1.16 and 1.14 μl/g/min respectively). The average in-flight oxygen consumption was 1171 μl/g/min at standard temperature and pressure. 4. Action potentials in the dorsoventral muscles occurred during a preferred phase of the wingcycle. Action potentials in the dorsolongitudinal muscles usually occurred with no significant phase preference to the wingbeat. 5. The role of the dorsoventral muscles as a timer of the flight system is discussed in light of the results presented.
Selective Inhibitors of the Proteasome-dependent and Vacuolar Pathways of Protein Degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have studied whether various agents that inhibit purified yeast and mammalian 26 S proteasome can suppress the breakdown of different classes of proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The degradation of short-lived proteins was inhibited reversibly by peptide aldehyde inhibitors of proteasomes, carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-leucinal (MG132) and carbobenzoxyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norvalinal (MG115), in a yeast mutant with enhanced permeability, but not in wild-type strains. Lactacystin, an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, had no effect, but the beta-lactone derivative of lactacystin, which directly reacts with proteasomes, inhibited the degradation of short-lived proteins. These inhibitors also blocked the rapid ubiquitin-dependent breakdown of a beta-galactosidase fusion protein and caused accumulation of enzymatically active molecules in cells. The degradation of the bulk of cell proteins, which are long-lived molecules, was not blocked by proteasome inhibitors, but could be blocked by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. This agent, which inhibits multiple vacuolar proteases, did not affect the proteasome or breakdown of short-lived proteins. These two classes of inhibitors can thus be used to distinguish the cytosolic and vacuolar proteolytic pathways and to increase the cellular content of short-lived proteins.
Predicting harvest date of `Delicious' and `Golden Delicious' applesPredicting harvest date of `Delicious' and `Golden Delicious' apples using heat unit accumulations

Abstract Ten methods of calculating heat units for 30-, 40-, 50- and 60-day postbloom periods were applied to air temperatures observed for four years (1980–1984) in ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Delicious’ apple orchards in four production areas of the southeast U.S.A. The heat unit sums were correlated with the number of days from full bloom to objectively determined harvest dates to determine the method which provided the greatest significance probability for the correlation coefficient. No one method emerged superior. The resulting regression equations were then applied to data from the 1985 season not used in the development of the prediction equations. Heat unit accumulation equations predicted harvest within 1.0 day for ‘Delicious’ and 8.25 days for ‘Golden Delicious’.
A Vigil Against Totalitarianism

The League of Professional Groups for Foster and Ford produced a widely read manifesto, Culture and the Crisis, but began to splinter apart soon after the election. The Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) tried, after a fashion, to entice Hook, whose writings on the Hegelian foundations of Marxism and efforts to reconcile Marxism with pragmatism had already established him as a talented Marxist thinker. In January 1933, the CPUSA's intellectual commissar, J. Jerome, launched an attack on Sidney Hook titled "Unmasking an American Revisionist of Marxism." Perhaps the most controversial aspect of Sidney Hook's relationship with communism was his position on the employment of communists in American universities. To defend Trotsky's right to a hearing was to declare oneself an enemy of the Soviet Union and, in the view of many American intellectuals, most of whom were not communists, to ally oneself with fascism.
Simulation-based decision support for systems engineering experience acceleration

With much of the current systems engineering workforce reaching retirement age, there is a critical need to develop work experience among new systems engineers. Increasingly, educators and employers are turning to educational technology-based approaches to aid in this process. One such effort is the Experience Accelerator, an on-going research project aimed at maturing program-level systems engineers in Department of Defense acquisition programs. In this experiential learning approach, learners assume the role of a lead program systems engineer for development of a new unmanned aerial system (UAS), and they must make appropriate decisions and trade-offs at key points during the development lifecycle to keep the program on track and recover from problems that occur. Problems can occur in such areas as requirements, schedule, quality, cost, and customer expectations. The acquisition program is represented with a set of system dynamics simulation models that include such activities as sub-system development, system integration and system test. This paper focuses on the simulation-based approach used to provide internal decision support for learners as they engage in a learning experience within the Experience Accelerator. We present findings to date involving simulation modeling of acquisition programs and effectiveness of simulation results for decision support.
Introduction to Bioengineering

Roles of flow mechanics in vascular cell biology in health and disease, S. Chien perspectives of biomechanics, Y.C. Fung the implantable glucose sensor - an example of bioengineering design, D.A. Gough design and development of artificial blood, M. Intalietta analysis of coronary circulation - a bioengineering approach, G.S. Kassab what lies beyond bioinformatics?, B. Palsson tissue engineering of articular cartilage, R.L. Sah cell activation in the circulation, G.W. Schmid-Schonbein molecular basis of cell membrane mechanics, L.-P.A. Sung biomechanics of injury and healing, P. Tong and Y.C. Fung pulsatile blood flow in the lung studied as an engineering system, M.R.T. Yen and W. Huang.