cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5426: Effects of dietary fatty acids on mammary macrophages in HER-2/neu-mediated mammary carcinogenesis

Purpose: HER-2/neu overexpression is a molecular subtype of breast cancer associated with poorer clinical outcome. The association of low-grade inflammation with increased risk for cancer and correlation of HER-2/neu overexpression and immune cell infiltration in human breast tumors suggest that an inflammatory mammary microenvironment is critical to early events in HER-2/neu carcinogenesis. Of interest are nutritional, complementary interventions that may suppress mammary gland inflammation, such as dietary ω-3 fatty acids. This study is testing the hypothesis that dietary fat content can modulate inflammation during early stages of HER-2/neu mammary carcinogenesis, with inhibition of mammary macrophage infiltration and activation by fish oil/ω-3 fatty acids relative to corn oil/ω-6 fatty acids. Methods: Female MMTV-HER-2/neu transgenic mice were fed semi-purifed diets with 25% energy as menhaden fish oil or corn oil x 29 weeks or corn oil x 19 weeks then fish oil x 10 weeks. Mammary glands were harvested at 35 weeks for F480, CD3, and LY6G immunostaining to identify macrophages, T cells, and granulocytes, respectively. A novel MMTV-HER-2/neu;c-fms-YFP double transgenic mouse model was generated to facilitate isolation of mammary gland macrophages. HER-2/neu;c-fms-YFP and control c-fms-YFP mice were fed fish or corn oil based diets x 19 weeks. YFP+ cells were sorted using high-speeed digital FACS and RNA isolated from the enriched cells. Differential gene expression based on diet and genotype was determined by Affymetrix microarray. Results: Diets were well tolerated by the mice without toxicity. By immunostaining, MMTV-HER-2/neu mammary glands of fish oil fed mice had a lower number of macrophages/area of mammary duct relative to the corn oil fed mice (p (+/+) mice relative to all other genotypes and dietary conditions. Conclusions: Dietary ω-3 versus ω-6 fatty acids may modulate mammary macrophage localization patterns without affecting the overall number of infiltrating macrophages. Dietary fish oil/ω-3 fatty acids may inhibit pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by mammary macrophages in early stages of HER-2/neu carcinogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5426. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5426
Model predictive control with a rigorous model of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Degradation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) can be minimized by maintaining reliability parameters during load changes. These reliability parameters are critical to maintain power generation efficiency over an extended life of the SOFC. For SOFCs to be commercially viable, the life must exceed 20,000 hours for load following applications. This is not yet achieved because transient stresses damage the fuel cell and degrade the performance over time. This study relates the development of a dynamic model for SOFC systems in order to predict optimal manipulated variable moves along a prediction horizon. The model consists of hundreds of states and parameters that permit tracking of a realistic response. Previously, this detailed model was too computationally intensive to run in parallel with the SOFC process. The contribution of this paper is an application study to enable a large-scale simulation model to be used in Model Predictive Control (MPC) without simplification. Such a technology permits real time calculation of controller moves while loads are followed during operation. The contribution demonstrates the assumptions and approach necessary to provide real-time calculations for optimal predictive control operations using a rigorous model of the SOFC process. Large-scale process models are rarely employed in real-time control because of the prohibitive computational expense necessary to complete the calculations within the specified cycle time. An efficient model based predictive controller reduces operational fluctuations related to the startup and shutdown conditions, without exceeding reliability limits in the cells.
Injection of AAV2-BMP2 and AAV2-TIMP1 into the nucleus pulposus slows the course of intervertebral disc degeneration in an in vivo rabbit model

Abstract Background context Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of back pain. Patients who fail conservative management may face the morbidity of surgery. Alternative treatment modalities could have a significant impact on disease progression and patients’ quality of life. Purpose To determine if the injection of a virus vector carrying a therapeutic gene directly into the nucleus pulposus improves the course of IDD. Study design Prospective randomized controlled animal study. Methods Thirty-four skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits were used. In the treatment group, L2–L3, L3–L4, and L4–L5 discs were punctured in accordance with a previously validated rabbit annulotomy model for IDD and then subsequently treated with adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector carrying genes for either bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). A nonoperative control group, nonpunctured sham surgical group, and punctured control group were also evaluated. Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at 0, 6, and 12 weeks were obtained, and a validated MRI analysis program was used to quantify degeneration. The rabbits were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and L4–L5 discs were analyzed histologically. Viscoelastic properties of the L3–L4 discs were analyzed using uniaxial load-normalized displacement testing. Creep curves were mathematically modeled according to a previously validated two-phase exponential model. Serum samples obtained at 0, 6, and 12 weeks were assayed for biochemical evidence of degeneration. Results The punctured group demonstrated MRI and histologic evidence of degeneration as expected. The treatment groups demonstrated less MRI and histologic evidence of degeneration than the punctured group. The serum biochemical marker C-telopeptide of collagen type II increased rapidly in the punctured group, but the treated groups returned to control values by 12 weeks. The treatment groups demonstrated several viscoelastic properties that were distinct from control and punctured values. Conclusions Treatment of punctured rabbit intervertebral discs with AAV2-BMP2 or AAV2-TIMP1 helps delay degenerative changes, as seen on MRI, histologic sampling, serum biochemical analysis, and biomechanical testing. Although data from animal models should be extrapolated to the human condition with caution, this study supports the potential use of gene therapy for the treatment of IDD.
Person—Situation Effects and Gender Differences in the Prediction of Social Responsibility

This study examined person and situation variables as predictors of social responsibility among American students. As predicted, individuals' delay of gratification and satisfaction with the university contributed unique variance to the prediction of social responsibility. More important, delay of gratification tended to moderate the relationship between satisfaction with the university and social responsibility. Results indicated significant sex differences in these relationships.
Life Cycle Squeeze and The Morale Curve

Morale is high when people know the ropes in a stable career context and are at a stage in the family life cycle where their resources and rewards balance their aspirations. For most modern workers that balance is least evident early and late in life when morale sags expecially among solitary survivors or young couples with preschool children. Empirical data reported here on the deviant case of professionals in a solid financial position employed or unemployed show more balance between rewards and aspirations over the life cycle but a modest loss of morale when children leave home. Unemployed professionals under severe financial pressure however fit the pattern mass; they are relieved when children leave. A great range of behaviors and attitudes can be explained by the use of the idea of "life cycle squeeze" and by attention to interlocking cycles of family life work consumption social participation and morale. (authors modified)
Simulation of air quality and cost to ventilate swine farrowing facilities in winter

We developed a simulation model to study the effect of ventilation airflow rate with and without filtered recirculation on airborne contaminant concentrations (dust, NH"3, CO, and CO"2) for swine farrowing facilities. Energy and mass balance equations were used to simulate the indoor air quality and operational cost for a variety of ventilation conditions over a 3-month winter period, using time-varied outdoor temperature. The sensitivity of input and output parameters on indoor air quality and operational cost were evaluated. Significant factors affecting model output included mean winter temperature, generation rate of contaminants, pit-air-exchange ratio, and recirculation ratio. As mean outdoor temperature was decreased from -2.5^oC to -12.5^oC, total operational costs were increased from $872 to $1304. Dust generation rate affected dust concentrations linearly. When dust generation rates changed -50% and +100% from baseline, indoor dust concentrations were changed -50% and +100%, respectively. The selection of a pit-air-exchange ratio was found critical to NH"3 concentration, but has little impact on other contaminants or cost. As the pit-air-exchange ratio was increased from 0.1 to 0.3, the NH"3 concentration was increased by a factor of 1.5. The recirculation ratio affected both IAQ factors and total operational cost. As the recirculation ratio decreased to 0, inhalable and respirable dust concentrations, humidity, NH"3 and CO"2 concentrations decreased and total operational cost ($2216) was 104% more than with pit-fan-only ventilation ($1088). When the recirculation ratio was 1, the total operational cost was increased by $573 (53%) compared to pit-fan-only. Simulation provides a useful tool for examining the costs and benefits to installing common ventilation technology to CAFO and, ultimately, making sound management decisions.
High-emitting vehicle characterization using regression tree analysis

A small fraction of motor vehicles on the roadway emit a disproportionate fraction of pollutant emissions, especially for carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Generally, these "high emitters" or "super emitters" exhibit higher emissions rates under all operating conditions than do "normal emitters." Since the instantaneous emissions response between normal- and high-emitting vehicles can differ by one or more orders of magnitude, so do their average emissions over a "typical" trip. Identifying the proportion of normal- and high-emitting vehicles in an urban area and quantifying their emissions is vital for accurate emission inventory accounting. A methodology by which high and normal emitters can be classified is presented. Unlike previous emitter classification approaches, the approach is data driven and relies entirely on hot-stabilized emissions results. A statistical classification scheme, better known as hierarchical tree based regression, is used to separate vehicles into homogenous emitter categories....
Antecedents of Child Neglect in the First Two Years of Life

To determine the prenatal antecedents of child neglect by low-income women, data from a prospective study of child maltreatment were reviewed. Mothers determined to be at high risk prenatally for maltreatment were more likely to be identified as neglectful within 24 months of the interview. Neglectul mothers were less likely to have completed high school, had more children younger than 6 years of age, and had more aberrant responses on parenting skills and support systems scales. Neglected children were lower in birth weight, were rated more difficult temperamentally, and had poorer mental and motor developmental scores.
A multicultural blend: metaphors, cognitive social capital and multiculturalism

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a more thorough understanding of cognitive social capital (shared representations) building in a multicultural marketing context. Design/methodology/approach – An ethnographic study with in-depth interviews and observations are used to explore how Chinese entrepreneurs utilize cultural metaphors to build their cognitive social capital in the USA. Both Chinese entrepreneurs and their American stakeholders (consumers and business associates) are interviewed. Findings – The three themes from the findings are cultural conceptual blending, frame shifting with stereotype dilution and metaphor conversion. These form the sub-processes of an overall process the authors name “cross-cultural shifting.” The use of visual and verbal cultural metaphors by the Chinese entrepreneurs leads to conceptual blending, a process of blending of elements and relations from various scenarios in the mind. A frame shifting and stereotype dilution follows, culminating in the conversio...
Two dogmas of conceptual empiricism : implications for hybrid models of the structure of knowledge

Concepts seem to consist of both an associative component based on tabulations of feature typicality and similarity judgments and an explanatory component based on rules and causal principles. However, there is much controversy about how each component functions in concept acquisition and use. Here we consider two assumptions, or dogmas, that embody this controversy and underlie much of the current cognitive science research on concepts. Dogma 1: Novel information is first processed via similarity judgments and only later is influenced by explanatory components. Dogma 2: Children initially have only a similarity-based component for learning concepts; the explanatory component develops on the foundation of this earlier component. We present both empirical and theoretical arguments that these dogmas are unfounded, particularly with respect to real world concepts; we contend that the dogmas arise from a particular species of empiricism that inhibits progress in the study of conceptual structure; and finally, we advocate the retention of a hybrid model of the structure of knowledge despite our rejection of these dogmas.
Is the labor market tighter outside the ghetto

The purposes of this article are twofold. First, a critical review is provided of the traditional approach to empirically investigating the effects of labor market spatial mismatch on minority workers. Second, in lieu of analyzing the effects of mismatch as has been done in previous studies, the logically prior issue of whether spatial mismatch exists is investigated using establishment data from four large metropolitan areas. Results suggest that mean job vacancy rates and/or starting wages are lower in ghetto areas, suggesting that the labor market is tighter outside these areas. The evidence therefore supports the existence of spatial mismatch.
Photovoltage inversion effect resulting from a continuous spectrum of surface states: ZnO

Abstract The surface photovoltage inversion effect has been observed in ZnO single crystals, manifested as a pronounced increase in the surface barrier height under sub-bandgap illumination. The magnitude of photovoltage inversion was found to increase with increasing incident photon energy. However, the photovoltage transient was essentially independent of the photon energy. These findings are consistent with a model involving photostimulated excitation of electrons from the valence band into the surface states, the fractional occupancy of which varies on the energy scale (continuous spectrum of surface states).
The stone cone: a new generation of basketry.

Purpose: We designed a device to minimize ureteral stone migration during intracorporeal lithotripsy, decrease the likelihood of stone and/or basket entrapment, and extract whole stones and fragments.Materials and Methods: Nitinol and stainless steel wires were configured into expandable tapered cones, which were placed cephalad to in vitro and in vivo concretions, and used to trap and extract stones as well as other test material. Safety features were evaluated by measuring the release of ball bearings and the tension needed to unwind the coils of the cone, which were greater than 4 mm. in diameter. We treated 4 patients with ureteral calculi using the Stone Cone † †MedSource, Norwell, Massachusetts. to prevent migration and extract fragments.Results: The cone-shaped devices expanded to occlude the test devices and human ureters, and prevented stone migration. They extracted whole concretions and fragments greater than 1.5 mm. The cone-shaped basket released a 5.5 mm. ball bearing at an average 0.127 pou...
The next decade of physics with PHENIX

Abstract The first decade of RHIC operations provided striking new insights into QCD under extreme conditions and on the gluon contribution to the protonʼs spin. I will discuss the physics anticipated from PHENIX in the next 5 years, and plans for evolution of PHENIX capabilities thereafter. The new upgrade will allow us to address a suite of entirely new questions elucidating the fundamental properties of the quark gluon plasma and transverse spin physics of partons inside protons. A common theme in these goals is the interplay between perturbative and nonpertubative QCD, and experimental control of the relative importance of strong and weak coupling.
Let’s make a deal

L'A. rejette l'argument developpe par P. Moser et D. H. Mulder sous le nom de Monty Hall Problem, selon lequel un acte isole peut etre rationnel, alors que pris dans une suite de cas particuliers, il s'avere irrationnel. L'A. montre que l'erreur de Moser et Mulder releve de la theorie de la probabilite appliquee, selon laquelle la probabilite d'un cas particulier coincide avec la probabilite statistique
Holeboard discrimination learning in mice.

We have adapted to mice a holeboard-learning task, which allows simultaneous assessment of spatial working and reference-memory performance. The holeboard apparatus consists of an open-field chamber with a 16-hole floor insert. Across trials, animals have to learn that the same four holes of 16 are always baited. Here, we show that C57BL/6 mice readily acquire this task within 4 days when submitted to six trials per day or within 8 days when submitted to only four trials per day. We also show that C57BL/6, Swiss–Webster, CD-1 and DBA/2 mice acquire this task similarly, despite the fact that some differences could be observed in measures of exploratory activity during habituation and training. Moreover, the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine disrupts learning at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, although the highest dose appeared to have side-effects. Lastly, we found that amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice have a selective disruption in their working-memory performance only during reversal training (i.e. after a change in the configuration of the baited holes). Overall, our data indicate that this spatial learning task is well adapted to mice and will be useful to characterize spatial memory in various genetic or pharmacological mouse models.
Surface Stress Effects on Thin Film Growth

A review of surface and interface stresses relevant to thin film growth is presented. It is shown that surface stress effects that are generally ignored in the analysis of epitaxy can have an influence on the critical thickness for epitaxy, especially at larger misfits. A discussion of intrinsic stress generation from surface stress is also presented.
Rethinking “island effects” in Korean relativization

Abstract The nature of so-called “island effects” in Korean relativization has been little studied and still remains controversial. By taking a functional approach, this paper argues that “island effects” and their exceptions can be naturally explained by a semantico-pragmatic constraint, which is based on the notion of coherence, together with other construction-specific factors that cause processing difficulty. Thus, the current analysis shows that what have been known as “clear” island effects in Korean relative clause constructions are only spurious, and that the nature of constraints on Korean relativization is functional but not syntactic. Also, the difference between Korean and English in terms of sensitivity to island effects is attributed to their typological difference with respect to the nature of empty categories.
IgG4-related disease presenting as recurrent mastoiditis.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently recognized disorder characterized by an overabundance of IgG4-positive plasma cells in affected tissues and, frequently, elevated serum IgG4 levels. First recognized in the context of autoimmune pancreatitisi, IgG4-RD presents as either a localized area of involvement within a single organ or as a multicentric disease, affecting several organs. Those organs include the pancreas, gallbladder, salivary glands, retroperitoneum, kidneys, lungs, prostate, ocular adnexaii, maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinusiii, lacrimal glands, breast, liver, large blood vessels, mediastinum, lymph nodesiv, pituitaryv, esophagusvi, and dura matervii. The histopathology of IgG4-RD involves a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. The disease process generally destroys the normal tissue architecture and replaces it with fibrotic tissue, creating a variety of histologic patterns. The appearance can be pseudolymphomatous (characterized by a dense infiltrate of small lymphocytes), sclerosing (characterized by fibrosis with some areas of lymphocyte aggregates), or mixed (characterized by fibrosis, plasma cells, and lymphocytic infiltrates)viii. IgG4-RD lesions can progress by infiltrating the surrounding tissues or by expanding as a space-occupying mass. The lesions are often exquisitely sensitive to glucocorticoids, but long-term, prospective therapeutic trials are lacking. We hereby describe a patient with IgG4-RD manifesting as recurrent inflammatory disease of the middle ear and mastoid, complicated by bone erosion.
Photoelectrochemical oxidation of formate ions on nickel-titanium dioxide nanocomposite electrodes: Unusually high "current doubling" yields and manifestation of a site proximity effect

This paper concerns the photoelectrochemical oxidation of formate and acetate ions on nanocrystalline composite (nanocomposite) films comprising of TiO2 and nickel. The photocurrents arising from the oxidation of these organic compounds were compared with those measured in the base electrolyte (0.1 M NaNO3), and a photocurrent enhancement factor, F, was thus determined. Values of F as high as ca. 5.5 were obtained for formate under certain conditions. The influence of film deposition time and TiO2 dose on F is described. The variation of F with these film preparation variables and the unusually high values of F for these nanocomposite films are rationalized on the basis of a site proximity effect that arises from the synergistic presence of both nickel as a substrate adsorption site and adjoining TiO2 serving as the photocatalyst.
Dosimetric factors associated with long-term dysphagia after definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Purpose Intensification of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head-and-neck cancer may lead to increased rates of dysphagia. Dosimetric predictors of objective findings of long-term dysphagia were sought. Methods and Materials From an institutional database, 83 patients were identified who underwent definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, after exclusion of those who were treated for a second or recurrent head-and-neck primary lesion, had locoregional recurrence at any time, had less than 12 months of follow-up, or had postoperative radiotherapy. Dosimetric parameters were analyzed relative to three objective endpoints as a surrogate for severe long-term dysphagia: percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube dependence at 12 months, aspiration on modified barium swallow, or pharyngoesophageal stricture requiring dilation. Results Mean dose greater than 41 Gy and volume receiving 60 Gy (V60) greater than 24% to the larynx were significantly associated with PEG tube dependence and aspiration. V60 greater than 12% to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor was also significantly associated with increased PEG tube dependence and aspiration. V65 greater than 33% to the superior pharyngeal constrictor or greater than 75% to the middle pharyngeal constrictor was associated with pharyngoesophageal stricture requiring dilation. Conclusions Doses to the larynx and pharyngeal constrictors predicted long-term swallowing complications, even when controlled for other clinical factors. The addition of these structures to intensity-modulated radiotherapy optimization may reduce the incidence of dysphagia, although cautious clinical validation is necessary.
Fibronectin and factor XIII in spinal cord injured patients with end-stage renal disease

Fibronectin and factor XIII play a major role in blood coagulation cascade and contribute to wound healing and phagocytic function of macrophages. Spinal cord injured (SCI) patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have been shown to exhibit a variety of coagulation abnormalities, a high incidence of infection and poor healing pressure ulcers. Earlier studies in SCI patients with no discernible renal disease revealed a marked rise in plasma fibronectin in patients with fast healing pressure ulcers. However, no significant rise is found in those with poor healing ulcers. We compared plasma concentrations of fibronectin and factor XIII in a group of 13 SCI-ESRD patients with those of a normal control group. Despite the presence of pressure ulcers, the SCI-ESRD patients as a group failed to show a significant rise in plasma fibronectin concentration. In addition, the mean plasma factor XIII value in the SCI-ESRD group was not significantly different from that of the normal control group. Accordingly, the combination of SCI, ESRD and associated conditions seems to impair the patient's ability to mount a rise in plasma fibronectin concentration in response to the presence of pressure ulcers. Failure of SCI-ESRD patients to produce a rise in plasma fibronectin concentration may, in part, account for the poor healing property of pressure ulcers in this population.
Fishery resources and development policy in Pakistan

This study assesses the condition of the fishing industry in Pakistan. It briefly reviews the ecological environment of Pakistan's fisheries and describes recent developments in technology and their impact on the catch. The factors contributing to growth include government efforts, fleet expansion and development of export markets. This study also points out the difficulties in arriving at a satisfactory management policy for the regulation of the industry. Development strategies seek rational, efficient exploitation of marine resources for the broad goals of national development. Consequently, policy makers' fisheries management concepts and techniques are generally less effective in addressing the need of the coastal communities. The conclusion is that fisheries development effort need balanced resource management, serving as an instrument for regional development while taking into account the traditional resource use rights of small-scale fishermen.
Comparison of analytical figures of merit of an active nitrogen afterglow and a flame ionization detector for gas chromatography

Abstract A comparison of the analytical figures of merit of an atmospheric pressure, active nitrogen afterglow and a conventional flame ionization detector revealed that the latter had slightly superior powers of detection and a considerably higher range of linear response. The selectivity of the afterglow detector was far superior because of its specific response to carbon-containing compounds and its potential, as previously demonstrated, of being a metal-specific, multielement detector as well.
Molecular recognition in cyclodextrin complexes of amino acid derivatives: the effects of kinetic energy on the molecular recognition of a pseudopeptide in a nonconstraining host environment as revealed by a temperature-dependent crystallographic study.

The crystal structure of a triclinic 2:2 inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester has been determined at several temperatures between 298 and 20 K to further study molecular recognition using solid-state supramolecular β-cyclodextrin complexes. The study reveals kinetic energy dependent changes in guest molecule conformations, orientations, and positions in the binding pocket presented by the crystal lattice. Accompanying these changes are observable differences in guest−guest interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions in the binding pocket that involve guest molecules, water of hydration molecules, and β-cyclodextrin molecules. On the basis of the differences observed in the crystal structures, we present a solid-state example of a system that displays the properties of both classical and quantum chemical models. At higher temperatures, the structure conforms to a classical mechanical model with dynamic disorder. At lower temperatures, the observations conform to...
Pattern ERG: effects of reference electrode site, stimulus mode and check size

We studied monocular pattern ERG (PERG) in 10 normal subjects and a patient with optic neuritis. No clinically significant PERG could be recorded from the occluded eye with any reference (ipsilateral ear or temple, or midfrontal), indicating that cross-contamination is not present with binocular testing. Ipsilateral temple reference minimized VEP (P100/N100) contribution to the PERG N95 which occurred with ipsilateral ear or midfrontal reference. The conclusions were confirmed by results from the patient, who had marked monocular delay of a normal amplitude P100. Twenty-four subjects were tested with monocular and binocular stimulation using an ipsilateral temple reference. There were differences in PERG latencies and amplitudes although the interside amplitude ratio showed smaller differences with binocular stimulation. Increasing check size (17, 35 and 70 min) decreased P50 and N95 latencies and increased P50 amplitude.