cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of kieserite and calcined magnesite for sugar beet grown on sandy soils

Twenty-three experiments between 1968 and 1971 compared the effect of no magnesium, 50 and 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite and 100 and 200 kg/ha magnesium as calcined magnesite, on yield and magnesium uptake by sugar beet. On average, 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite increased the mean sugar yield of 7·55 t/ha by 0·17 t/ha whereas 200 kg/ha magnesium as calcined magnesite increased it by only 0·08 t/ha; on fields with less than 15 ppm exchangeable magnesium the magnesium fertilizers increased sugar yield by 0·34 and 0·10 t/ha respectively and there was no response to either fertilizer when the soil contained more than 25 ppm of exchangeable magnesium.100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite or calcined magnesite increased magnesium in the dry matter of tops by 0·091 and 0·040% and of roots by 0·013 and 0·004% respectively. Giving 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite or calcined magnesite increased uptake of the element in August by 5·1 and 2·6 kg/ha respectively. Differences in soil pH did not influence the uptake of magnesium from kieserite but they greatly affected uptake from calcined magnesite. On the slightly acid soils, the fertilizers were almost equally effective but at pH > 7·6 little magnesium was taken up from calcined magnesite. Glasshouse experiments showed that grinding the calcined magnesite increased the availability of the magnesium.
Regulation of Hemoglobin Function in Mammals

This survey of hemoglobin function in mammals reveals a broad range in oxygen affinity. The concentration of red cell 2,3-DPG varies widely among groups of mammals. Those animals (feloids and ruminants) that have very low levels of this intracellular mediator have hemoglobins of intrinsically low oxygen affinity which fail to respond to the addition of 2,3-DPG. Mammals which have adapted to various types of hypoxia tend to have increased oxygen affinity, primarily mediated through reduced levels of red cell 2,3 DPG. In contrast mammals who are experimentally subjected to low oxygen tensions develop decreased oxygen affinity owing to increased red cell 2,3-DPG. Mammals employ one of three different mechanisms for the maintenance of higher oxygen affinity of fetal red cells, compared to maternal red cells. Many of these phenomena can be satisfactorily explained at the molecular level but their adaptational significance is less clear.
Manipulating managed execution runtimes to support self-healing systems

Self-healing systems require that repair mechanisms are available to resolve problems that arise while the system executes. Managed execution environments such as the Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Java Virtual Machine (JVM) provide a number of application services (application isolation, security sandboxing, garbage collection and structured exception handling) which are geared primarily at making managed applications more robust. However, none of these services directly enables applications to perform repairs or consistency checks of their components. From a design and implementation standpoint, the preferred way to enable repair in a self-healing system is to use an externalized repair/adaptation architecture rather than hardwiring adaptation logic inside the system where it is harder to analyze, reuse and extend. We present a framework that allows a repair engine to dynamically attach and detach to/from a managed application while it executes essentially adding repair mechanisms as another application service provided in the execution environment.
Unbundling of transmission and ancillary services. II. Cost-based pricing framework

For pt.I see ibid., vol.12, no.2 (1997). This paper presents a systematic framework for pricing transmission and ancillary services in competitive power markets. This framework is based on the recovery of fixed and operating costs, and it meets the traditional revenue requirements. It is practical, feasible, easy to implement, and to regulate. It can be implemented with minimum transition cost. This network flow-dependent and nondiscriminatory framework is based on the decomposition approach presented in Part I of this paper. This decomposition forms an essential part of the proposed framework for usage-based recovery of the fixed and operating costs. The transmission system related fixed cost component is recovered from all transactions based on percentage utilization of the transmission system equipment. The charge is based on the actual network power flows. The ancillary service charge for a given transaction can be computed as the sum of the costs incurred at secondary generation for compensating the imbalance caused by that specific transaction. The "path providing" function of the transmission grid is viewed as a true monopolistic service, its pricing is cost based, and charge for its use is usage based; the generation based ancillary service supply can be made competitive, its pricing is market based, and charge for it is usage based. A global overview of the proposed pricing strategy is analyzed in the context of other alternatives, especially cost-based methods. A numerical example on a five-bus system is given to illustrate the use of this pricing strategy.
Academic Difficulty and Program-Level Variables Predict Performance on the National Physical Therapy Examination for Licensure: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Background Several factors have been shown to influence first-time pass rates on the National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE). It is unclear to what extent academic difficulty experienced by students in a physical therapist education program may affect NPTE pass rates. The effects of institutional status (public or private) and Carnegie Classification on NPTE pass rates also are unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the odds of failure on the NPTE for students experiencing academic difficulty and for institutional status and Carnegie Classification. Design This investigation was a retrospective population-based cohort study. Methods Quota sampling was used to recruit a random sample of 20 professional physical therapist education programs across the United States. Individual student demographic, preadmission, and academic performance data were collected, as were data on program-level variables and data indicating pass/fail performance on the NPTE. A generalized linear mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to adjust for confounding factors and to describe relationships among the key predictor variables—academic difficulty, institutional status, and Carnegie Classification—and the dependent variable, NPTE performance. Results Academic difficulty during a student's professional training was an independent predictor for NPTE failure. The odds of students who had academic difficulty (relative to students who did not experience academic difficulty) failing the NPTE were 5.89 (95% confidence interval=4.06–8.93). The odds of NPTE failure also varied depending on institutional status and Carnegie Classification. Limitations The findings related to Carnegie Classification and institutional status should be considered preliminary. Conclusions Student performance on the NPTE was influenced by multiple factors, but the most important, potentially modifiable risk factor for poor NPTE performance likely is academic difficulty during professional training.
Percutaneous obliteration of the cystic duct with a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser: results of in vitro and animal experiments.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser to permanently occlude the cystic duct in order to isolate the gallbladder from the biliary-enteric circulation and prevent gallstone formation.To determine the optimal laser parameters (power and pulsing rate) for cystic duct thermocoagulation, 20 freshly excised porcine gallbladders with intact cystic ducts underwent low-energy (0.075-0.085 J/pulse) or high-energy (0.20-0.25 J/pulse) thermocoagulation. Histopathologic examination was done to determine the extent of cystic duct injury. After in vitro experiments, percutaneous transcholecystic laser thermocoagulation of the cystic duct was performed on 23 anesthetized domestic pigs (four controls). Cholangiograms immediately after laser thermocoagulation were obtained to assess cystic duct occlusion. Animals were sacrificed for histopathologic correlation immediately after laser thermocoagulation (n = 4), 72 hr later (n = 4), and 6 weeks later (n ...
Perioperative outcomes of major hepatic resections under low central venous pressure anesthesia: blood loss, blood transfusion, and the risk of postoperative renal dysfunction.

Abstract Background: We have previously demonstrated that maintenance of a low central venous pressure (LCVP) combined with extrahepatic control of venous outflow reduced the overall blood loss during major hepatic resections. This study examined the overall outcomes and, in particular, renal morbidity associated with a large series of consecutive major liver resections performed with this approach. In addition, the rationale for the anesthetic management to maintain LCVP was carefully reviewed. Study Design: All major hepatectomies performed between December 1991 and April 1997 were reviewed. The prospective Hepatobiliary Surgical Service database was merged with the Memorial Hospital Laboratory and Blood Bank databases to yield the nature of the operation, blood loss, blood product transfusions, outcomes, and levels of preoperative, postoperative, and discharge serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Results: A total of 496 LCVP-assisted major liver resections were performed, with no intraoperative deaths and an in-hospital mortality rate of 3.8%. The median blood loss was 645 mL. Sixty-seven percent of the patients did not require perioperative blood transfusion during surgery and the immediate 12 hours after surgery. The median number of blood transfusions was 2. Only 3% of the patients experienced a persistent and clinically significant increase in serum creatinine possibly attributable to the anesthetic technique. Renal failure directly attributable to the anesthetic technique did not occur. Conclusions: Major resection with LCVP allowed easy control of the hepatic veins before and during parenchymal transection. The anesthetic technique, designed to maintain LCVP during the critical stages of hepatic resection, not only helped to minimize blood loss and mortality but also preserved renal function.
Significant Local Mobility in Double Stranded DNA and RNA

An analysis of X-ray diffraction data from single crystals of double helical DNA and RNA fragments reveals that local mobilities of double stranded DNA and RNA are similar to each other and are intrinsic properties of nucleotides. We have determined the directions and magnitudes of trans-lational and rotational local mobility of phosphate, ribose, and base moieties of double stranded nucleic acids. Our primary findings are: (a) the major base pair motions are propeller twisting, rolling (rocking), buckling, and sliding; (b) the mobility of sugar moieties is coupled to their bases; and (c) the local mobilities are partly dependent on base sequences. These local mobilities help us understand intercalation, protein interaction, large scale motion, and other processes involving DNA and RNA.
Social Inequalities, Family Relationships, and Child Health

Humans are extraordinarily social creatures. We evolved large brains with a unique suite of abilities, including empathy, consciousness, and language. Our sociocognitive adaptations involve complex integration of neurological (brain) and neuroendocrine (hormone) systems. We are just beginning to understand the genetics that underpin these core aspects of the human psyche. In this chapter, my goal is to develop ideas from evolutionary biology about how and why family environment affects child development that can be integrated with emerging new opportunities in genetic studies. I suggest potential links with stress endocrinology, illustrated with empirical examples from my long-term study of child health in a rural community on the island of Dominica.
Transuterine Tubal Cautery for Sterilization

This report deals with the authors experience with a modification of the Hyams technique a transuterine tubal coagulation method. Selected for this study were 45 multiparous patients requesting sterilization for social-economic reasons. As controls 4 patients who were scheduled for hysterectomies for other reasons were subjected to the same technique. Uteri of control patients were removed and studied after 3 7 and 30 days following coagulation. It was determined that the openings of the tubes had been located and destroyed by electrocoagulation. Bilateral tubal occlusion as demonstrated by hysterograms was shown in 23 patients. However 8 of them have since become pregnant. There were 14 failures to produce occlusion 9 with unilateral and 5 with bilateral patency. After 24 of 36 months a total of 18 pregnancies had occurred. In 2 instances the patient became pregnant within a few weeks after coagulation but on postpartum check the tubes were found to be closed. There were 2 with complications. This technique does not provide a reliable means of sterilization.
Monolithic Three-Section Injection-Locked Laser for Optical Oversampled Analog-to-Digital Conversion

A novel linear interferometric intensity modulator is demonstrated with an extremely low Vπ of 1.1 mV and a SFDR of 75 dB.Hz2/3. This is achieved by modulating the passive section of the injection-locked mode-locked laser.
Predictive Dynamic Modeling of Key Process Variables in Granulation Processes Using Partial Least Squares Approach

Granulation is a complex multivariable process with significant industrial importance. In this paper, a dynamic partial least-squares (PLS) approach is used to develop empirical predictive models of key process variables. PLS is tested on a detailed process simulator as well as on an industrial mixer— granulator process. The applicability of the nonlinear dynamic kernel-PLS (KPLS) for granulation process is also demonstrated. Accurate predictions obtained by these methods motivate the development of model predictive controllers for these processes.
Etoposide-induced Activation of C-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Correlates With Drug-Induced Apoptosis in Salivary Gland Acinar Cells

We have examined the ability of etoposide to induce apoptosis in two recently established rat salivary acinar cell lines. Etoposide induced apoptosis in the parotid C5 cell line as evidenced by the appearance of cytoplasmic blebbing and nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and cleavage of PARP. Etoposide also induced activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in parotid C5 cells by 4 h after treatment, with maximal activation at 8 - 10 h. Coincident with activation of JNK, the amount of activated ERK1 and ERK2 decreased in etoposide-treated parotid C5 cells. In contrast to the parotid C5 cells, the vast majority of submandibular C6 cells appeared to be resistant to etoposide-induced apoptosis. Likewise, activation of JNKs was not observed in etoposide-treated submandibular C6 cells, and the amount of activated ERK1 and ERK2 decreased only slightly. Etoposide treatment of either cell line had no effect upon the activation of p38. Treatment of the parotid C5 cells with Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor, inhibited etoposide-induced activation of JNK and DNA fragmentation. These data suggest that etoposide may induce apoptosis in parotid C5 cells by activating JNKs and suppressing the activation of ERKs, thus creating an imbalance in these two signaling pathways.
Nothing but the Evidential Considerations

A number of philosophers have claimed that non-evidential considerations cannot play a role in doxastic deliberation as motivating reasons to believe a proposition. This claim, interesting in its own right, naturally lends itself to use in a range of arguments for a wide array of substantive philosophical theses. I argue, by way of a counterexample, that the claim to which all these arguments appeal is false. I then consider, and reply to, seven objections to my counterexample. Finally, as a way of softening the blow, I show how the counterexample itself suggests a plausible diagnosis of why this claim has seemed so plausible to so many.
N-Acetylcysteine Therapy in an Infant with Transaldolase Deficiency Is Well Tolerated and Associated with Normalization of Alpha Fetoprotein Levels

Transaldolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the pentose phosphate pathway that presents clinically with infantile-onset hepatopathy progressing to cirrhosis, nephropathy, connective tissue abnormalities resembling cutis laxa, coagulopathy, cytopenias, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. In many cases, death occurs in infancy or early childhood. There is no established treatment for transaldolase deficiency in humans. Recent work in a knockout mouse model of transaldolase deficiency has demonstrated a benefit to supplementation with the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (NAC). We describe an infant with genetically confirmed transaldolase deficiency with multisystem involvement, including liver enlargement and markedly elevated alpha fetoprotein. Acetaminophen was strictly avoided. Treatment with oral NAC over a 6-month period was well tolerated and was associated with a sustained normalization of alpha fetoprotein levels and stable clinical course. The clinical significance of normalized serum alpha fetoprotein in this patient is not certain, although it may reflect decreased hepatocyte injury and reduced hepatocarcinogenesis as has been suggested in the mouse disease model. NAC supplementation may provide benefit in humans with transaldolase deficiency. Longer follow-up and data on the response of additional patients with transaldolase deficiency to NAC supplementation will be required to further evaluate efficacy and optimize dosing.
Richard Landon. A Long Way from the Armstrong Beer Parlour: A Life in Rare Books. New Castle, Delaware and Toronto, Ontario: Oak Knoll Books and Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, 2014. 440p. One illustration. ISBN: 978-1-58456-330-3 (Oak Knoll Press) / 978-0-7727-6113-2 (Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library). $49.95.

Throughout the course of his lengthy and remarkable career, Richard Landon successfully developed and promoted the extensive and renowned collections at the University of Toronto Libraries. After receiving his undergraduate and library school degrees from the University of British Columbia, Landon was hired in 1967 as a cataloguer in the libraries‘ Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. In the academic year 1971–1972 he pursued an advanced degree in bibliography and textual criticism at the University of Leeds, returning to Toronto to serve as Assistant Head and Acting Head prior to his appointment as Head of the department in . . .
Absence of abnormalities of c-kit or its ligand in two patients with Diamond-Blackfan anemia

As Diamond-Blackfan anemia shares clinical features with W and Steel defects in mice, we investigated the possibility that this human disorder might result from an abnormality of the c-kit receptor or its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF). For these studies, full nucleotide sequences for coding regions of c-kit and SCF were generated for two Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients and were normal. Similarly, the kds of SCF receptors on their marrow cells (31 pmol/L, 43 pmol/L) were comparable with those found in three normal controls (50 pmol/L, 55 pmol/L, 27 pmol/L). Serum SCF concentrations were 6.9 ng/mL in patient A, 14.6 ng/mL in patient B, who has been in hematologic remission since adolescence, and 2.7 ng/mL in the 3-year-old daughter of patient B, who also has Diamond-Blackfan anemia but is transfusion-dependent. It is possible that the SCF level in patient B increased with puberty, leading to her remission. These data provide evidence that Diamond- Blackfan anemia does not result from structural abnormalities of c-kit or SCF.
Time utilization of a population of general surgeons in community practice

A time-motion study was performed on a population of general surgeons in suburban community practice whose median weekly operative work load had been previously determined to be 3.1 hernia equivalents (HE). The mean observed 6 day working week of this population of general surgeons was found to be 34.5 hours, of which 28.7 hours were devoted to professional activities for the total work week of 44.3 hours. Thirty-five percent of the mean observed working week was spent in office activities and 50 percent spent in hospital activities. During the mean observed week, 18.5 hours (54 percent) were devoted to patient care, of which 16.5 hours were judged to be devoted to surgical care. Surgeons with above-median operative work loads in the previous study devoted 67 percent more time to professional activities and twice as much time to surgical activities as surgeons with below-median work loads. The findings support the hypothesis that there appears to be an underutilization of costly and highly specialized medical skills in the particular community and suggest that the HE methodology is a valid measure not only of the operative work of surgeons in community practice but of total time devoted to surgical care.
Matrices and Vectors

In this chapter, matrices and vectors and their properties are discussed. This includes the development of the inner product.
Learning a cost-to-goal estimate for fast Model Predictive Optimization based on graph search

Model Predictive planning and control algorithms based on A*-type graph search techniques achieve computationally fast and nearly optimal solutions when they use a cost-to-goal (or “heuristic”) function, i.e. an estimate of the cost from the current state to the goal state, that correlates well with the actual optimal cost-to-goal values. Compared to search methods without a cost-to-goal estimate, these algorithms achieve a low computational cost because they exploit structure in the optimization problem. The cost-to-goal estimate is problem-specific and is typically derived analytically from a relaxed version of the problem. There are, however, many planning and control applications for which a proper cost-to-goal is difficult to obtain analytically. The trivial heuristic, H = 0, is often used when a more suitable problem-specific cost-to-goal is unavailable, but this leads to computationally slow searches. This paper presents a graph-based search algorithm coupled with a learned cost-to-goal estimate that leverages experience through extensive offline simulations to provide online computational speed even when a suitable cost-to-goal cannot be derived analytically.
Polymer Microneedle Mediated Local Aptamer Delivery for Blocking the Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.

Overexpression of proteins in the body can cause severe diseases and other physiological disturbances. The development of protein blockers and local delivery systems would offer opportunities for addressing the health problems caused by protein overexpression. Nucleic acid aptamers are an emerging class of ligands with the potential to block proteins effectively; however, little effort has been made in developing polymer systems for local aptamer delivery. In this work, polymer microneedles capable of delivering DNA aptamers locally to inhibit the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were developed and studied. The presence of anti-VEGF aptamer in the polymer matrix did not change the apparent mechanical strength of the microneedles. Once in contact with a physiological solution, the polymer microneedles quickly dissolved, generating a high concentration of anti-VEGF aptamer in the surrounding local microenvironment. Aptamer delivery by way of dissolving polymer microneedles in a tissue p...
Impulsivity, Stress Reactivity, and Eating Disorders

Abstract Negative urgency (NU) is the tendency to act rashly while distressed. Binge eating, the consumption of a large amount of food with associated loss of control, is often triggered by increases in negative affect. NU has strong associations with binge eating in nonclinical samples, predicts the onset of binge eating in youth, predicts increases in binge eating over time, and interacts with shifts in negative affect to predict binge eating in daily life in women with eating disorders. Outcome expectancy endorsement differentiates specific impulsive behavioral choices among those with high NU. These expectancies may represent a prepotent response that is made more salient by shifts in negative affect. Recent research indicates that activation in response to appetitive or emotional cues in the prefrontal cortex is associated with urgency. These studies suggest that the neurobiological underpinnings of this trait may be linked to taxed inhibitory control.
Molecular Packing-Dependent Exciton and Polariton Dynamics in Anthradithiophene Organic Crystals

Polarization-dependent absorption spectra of two functionalized derivatives of fluorinated anthradithiophene, diF TES-ADT and diF TDMS-ADT, were studied in the crystal phase using a Holstein-like Hamiltonian. For both molecules, the primary contribution to the lowest energy absorption was found to be the S 0 -S 1 excitonic transition perturbed by an intermolecular coupling of 15 meV for both TES and TDMS. A secondary contribution, consistent with that from charge-transfer states, was also found. Additionally, absorption spectra were analysed when crystals were placed inside of optical microcavities formed by two metal mirrors. Cavities exhibited a primary absorption peak determined to be an enhanced absorption from the lowest-energy S 0 -S 1 transition.
The MINOS Experiment

Several of the open questions discussed at the end of the last chapter can be addressed in the MINOS experiment. MINOS is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment that samples a beam consisting primarily of muon neutrinos in two locations. An overview of MINOS is given first, followed by a description of its main components: the beam and the detectors. A discussion of the MINOS data and their calibration is provided at the end of this chapter.
From Tinkering to Going "Rogue": How Principals Use Agency When Enacting New Teacher Evaluation Systems.

Despite major changes to teacher evaluation since 2009, scant research examines how principals enact these policies. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 44 principals in 13 Connecticut districts...
Population history provides foundational knowledge for utilizing and developing native plant restoration materials

A species' population structure and history are critical pieces of information that can help guide the use of available native plant materials in restoration treatments and decide what new native plant materials should be developed to meet future restoration needs. In the western United States, Pseudoroegneria spicata (bluebunch wheatgrass; Poaceae) is an important component of grassland and shrubland plant communities and commonly used for restoration due to its drought resistance and competitiveness with exotic weeds. We used next-generation sequencing data to investigate the processes that shaped P. spicata's geographic pattern of genetic variation across the Intermountain West. Pseudoroegneria spicata's genetic diversity is partitioned into populations that likely differentiated since the Last Glacial Maximum. Adjacent populations display varying magnitudes of historical gene flow, with migration rates ranging from multiple migrants per generation to multiple generations per migrant. When considering the commercial germplasm sources available for restoration, genetic identities remain representative of the wildland localities from which germplasm sources were originally developed, and they maintain high levels of heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity. However, the commercial germplasm sources represent a small fraction of the overall genetic diversity of P. spicata in the Intermountain West. Given the low migration rates and long divergence times between some pairs of P. spicata populations, using commercial germplasm sources could facilitate undesirable restoration outcomes when used in certain geographic areas, even if the environment in which the commercial materials thrive is similar to that of the restoration site. As such, population structure and history can be used to provide guidance on what geographic areas may need additional native plant materials so that restoration efforts support species and community resilience and improve outcomes.
An Open-Source Test-Bench for Autonomous Ultrasound Imaging

Due to the need for development of customized transmission, reception, and processing algorithms, low-cost programmable ultrasound imaging devices are desirable for a variety of research applications. This paper describes a programmable 64-channel system-on-chip (SoC)-based test bench for research on autonomous wearable and implantable medical ultrasound imaging. The setup consists of a custom transmitter, a custom high-voltage (HV) multiplexer, an off-the-shelf receiver, and embedded software on the SoC. This results in a modular design that can be easily updated with improved hardware and software for different applications. This paper describes the system design and initial imaging results on tissue phantoms.
Differentiation Capacity of Human Aortic Perivascular Adipose Progenitor Cells

Adipose tissue is a rich source of multi-potent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells is a major mechanism driving adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction in response to obesity. Understanding changes to perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is thus clinically relevant in metabolic disease. However, previous studies have been predominately performed in the mouse and other animal models. This protocol uses human thoracic PVAT samples collected from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Adipose tissue from the ascending aorta was collected and used for explantation of the stromal vascular fraction. We previously confirmed the presence of adipose progenitor cells in human PVAT with the capacity to differentiate into lipid-containing adipocytes. In this study, we further analyzed the differentiation potential of cells from the stromal vascular fraction, presumably containing multi-potent progenitor cells. We compared PVAT-derived cells to human bone marrow MSC for differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Following 14 days of differentiation, specific stains were utilized to detect lipid accumulation in adipocytes (Oil red O), calcific deposits in osteogenic cells (Alizarin Red), or glycosaminoglycans and collagen in chondrogenic cells (Masson’s Trichrome). While bone marrow MSC efficiently differentiated into all three lineages, PVAT-derived cells had adipogenic and chondrogenic potential, but lacked robust osteogenic potential.
Environmental Styrene Exposure and Sensory and Motor Function in Gulf Coast Residents.

Background: Although styrene is an established neurotoxicant at occupational exposure levels, its neurotoxicity has not been characterized in relation to general population exposures. Further, occu...
Pelvic Pain in a Reproductive-Age Woman Caused by Enterobial Infection of the Appendix

Background: Lower abdominal and pelvic pain frequently has nongynecologic causes, and diagnosis and treatment could be challenging. While gynecologic causes are common, careful consideration must b...
Magnetic Structure of Manganese Chromite

An investigation of the magnetic structure and properties of Mn${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ has been carried out by means of neutron diffraction and an evaluation of the suitability of various proposed theoretical models has been made. From room-temperature diffraction patterns it is established that Mn${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ is a normal spinel with a $u$ parameter of 0.3892\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0005 and with less than one percent of the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{++}$ ions present on $B$ sites. The Curie temperature, as determined from diffraction data, is \ensuremath{\sim}43\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Below this temperature the magnetic contribution to the fundamental spinel peaks arising from aligned spins increases as the temperature is lowered and is effectively saturated at about 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, additional sharp peaks appear at positions which cannot be indexed either on the original unit cell or on any reasonably enlarged cell. These extra reflections persist with unchanged intensities down to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. No change in either the positions or intensities of the fundamental lines is observed in going through the transition. Above 18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, a diffuse peak is present in the region where the principal extra lines develop. This diffuse peak decreases with increasing temperature, but is still observable above the Curie point. Application of a magnetic field along the neutron scattering vector decreases the magnetic contributions to the fundamentals, but increases the intensities of the extra reflections.The N\'eel model and the Yafet-Kittel model fail to account for major qualitative features of the diffraction results. On the other hand, the ferrimagnetic spiral model of Lyons, Kaplan, Dwight, and Menyuk is in good qualitative accord with all the observations. A detailed comparison with the theoretical predictions is presented and attention is called to broad areas of agreement as well as to certain discrepancies. The general conclusion reached is that the spiral model is a good first approximation to the ground-state spin configuration.
Fossil Cercopithecidae from the Early Pliocene Sagantole Formation at Gona, Ethiopia

Abstract The Early Pliocene Sagantole Fm. in the Gona Project area, Afar State, Ethiopia, is noted for discoveries of the early hominin Ardipithecus ramidus. A large series of fossil cercopithecid primates dated to between 4.8 and 4.3 Ma has also been collected from these sediments. In this paper, we use qualitative analysis and standard dental and postcranial measures to systematically describe the craniodental remains and tentatively allocate postcrania to taxa where we are able to. We then use these data to compare these specimens to fossil assemblages from contemporary sites, interpret their paleobiology, and discuss implications for the paleoecology of the Gona Sagantole Fm. We recognize three cercopithecid species in the Gona Sagantole Fm. Pliopapio alemui makes up approximately two-thirds of the identifiable specimens; nearly all of the rest are allocated to Kuseracolobus aramisi, and a single molar indicates the presence of a second, somewhat larger but morphologically distinct papionin. Among the Early Pliocene cercopithecids from Gona are also a number of postcranial elements. None of the postcranial remains are directly associated with any of the cranial material. Nonetheless, some of the distal humeri and proximal femora can be tentatively allocated to either Pl. alemui or K. aramisi based on a combination of size, as the latter is approximately 50% larger than the former, and morphology. If these assignments are correct, they suggest K. aramisi was primarily arboreal and similar to most extant colobines, whereas Pl. alemui was more mixed in its substrate use, being more terrestrially adapted than K. aramisi, but less so than extant Papio or Theropithecus. Thus, we interpret the predominance of Pl. alemui over K. aramisi is consistent with a somewhat more open environment at Gona than at Aramis.
Sex differences in IV thrombolysis treatment for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective A prior meta-analysis of reports published between 2000 and 2008 found that women were 30% less likely to receive IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) treatment for stroke than men; we updated this meta-analysis to determine if this sex difference persisted. Methods We identified studies that reported sex-specific IV rtPA treatment rates for acute ischemic stroke published between 2008 and 2018. Eligible studies included representative populations of patients with ischemic stroke from hospital-based, registry-based, or administrative data. Random effects odds ratios (ORs) were generated to quantify sex differences. Results Twenty-four eligible studies were identified during this 10-year period. The summary unadjusted OR based on 17 studies with data on all ischemic stroke patients was 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–0.93), indicating that women had 13% lower odds of receiving IV rtPA treatment than men. However, substantial between-study variability existed. Lower treatment odds in women were also observed in 7 studies that provided data on the subgroup of patients eligible for IV rtPA treatment, although the summary OR of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.88–1.02) was not statistically significant. Examination of time trends across 33 studies published between 2000 and 2018 found evidence that the sex difference had narrowed in more recent years. Conclusions Although there is considerable variability in the findings of individual studies, pooled data from recent studies show that women with acute stroke are less likely to be treated with IV thrombolysis compared with men. However, the size of this difference has narrowed compared to studies published before 2008.
Role of Inputs, Processes, and Relations in Transportation System Performance Management: Case Study of Regional Transportation Collaborations

AbstractThis study aims to expand understanding of how regional transportation collaboration operates and examines the relationships between collaboration and performance. To do so, nine regional s...
Additivity of apparent and standardised ileal digestibility of phosphorus in corn and canola meal mixed diets; basal endogenous loss of phosphorus responses to phytase and age in broiler chickens.

1. The additivity of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of phosphorus (P) in mixed diets containing corn and canola meal (CCM) with or without phytase sup...
Engineered proteins as multifunctional materials

Living organisms have engineered remarkable protein-based materials through billions of years of evolution. These multifunctional materials have unparalleled mechanical, optical, and electronic properties and have served as inspiration for scientists to study and mimic these natural protein materials. New tools from synthetic biology are poised to revolutionize the ability to rapidly engineer and produce proteins for material applications. Specifically, advancements in new production hosts and cell-free systems are enabling researchers to overcome the significant challenges of cloning and expressing large nonnative proteins. The articles in this issue cover the mechanical and rheological properties of structural protein materials and nanocomposites; advancements in the synthesis and assembly of optical, electronic, and nanoscale protein materials; and recent development in the processing of protein materials using liquid–liquid phase separation and three-dimensional printing.
Keeping the lights on: Telehealth, testing, and 6-month outcomes for orthotopic liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen transplant volume decrease nationwide, resulting in a 2.2-fold increase in waitlist mortality. In particular, solid organ transplant patients are subjected to increased morbidity and mortality from infection. In the face of these challenges, transplant centers need to develop innovative protocols to ensure high-quality care. Methods A multidisciplinary protocol was developed that included the following: virtual selection meetings, coronavirus disease 2019 negative donors, pretransplant symptom screening, rapid testing on presentation, telehealth follow-up, and weekly community outreach town halls. All orthotopic liver transplants completed between January 2018 and August 2020 were included in the study (n = 344). The cohort was stratified from January 2018 to February 2020 as “pre-COVID-19,” and from March 2020 to August 2020 as “COVID-19.” Patient demographics and postoperative outcomes were compared. Results From March 2020 to August 2020, there was a significant decrease in average monthly referrals for orthotopic liver transplantation (29.8 vs 37.1, P = .01). However, listings (11.0 vs 14.3, P = .09) and transplant volume remained unchanged (12.2 vs 10.6, P = .26). Rapid testing was utilized on arrival for transplant, zero patients tested positively preoperatively, and median time from test result until abdominal incision was 4.5 h [interquartile range, 1.2, 9.2]. Simultaneously, telehealth visits increased rapidly, peaking at 85% of all visits. It is important to note that there was no difference in outcomes between cohorts. Conclusion Orthotopic liver transplant can be accomplished safely and effectively in the COVID-19 era without compromising outcomes through increasing utilization of telehealth, rapid COVID-19 testing, and multidisciplinary protocols for managing immunosuppressed patients.
Ecosystem-level water use efficiency and evapotranspiration partitioning in conventional till and no-till rainfed canola

Abstract Accurately determining productive water use (i.e., transpiration, T, component of evapotranspiration, ET) is crucial to improve ecosystem water use efficiency (EWUE) and develop water-saving management practices. High frequency (10 Hz) eddy covariance data for the 2016–2017 growing season (November 2016 – May 2017) for conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT) canola (Brassica napus L.) fields were analyzed to partition ET into T and evaporation (E) using Flux Variance Similarity method. The objectives of this study were to determine and compare seasonality of T and T/ET ratios, and compare EWUE based on different metrics of carbon (gross primary production, GPP and net ecosystem production, NEP) and water vapor (ET and T) fluxes in CT and NT canola fields. Canopy stands, fluxes, and EWUE were similar until winter in both fields, but were substantially lower in NT field from February to April due to differences in recovery of canola stands after winter dormancy. However, differences were much smaller for water loss than carbon gain. Larger difference was observed for T than ET due to significant amounts of E during rainy periods under both dense (CT field) and sparse (NT field) canopies. The growing season average T/ET ratio was identical (~0.70) in both fields. The EWUE was ~23% higher in CT and ~26% higher in NT field based on T than ET for a dry period during peak growth. In comparison, EWUE was ~36% higher in CT and ~58% higher in NT field based on T than ET for a wet period during peak growth due to relatively higher loss of soil E from sparse canopy. The results not only illustrated discrepancies in EWUE based on ET and T for cross-site comparisons but also highlighted the added value of T estimates over ET for more meaningful EWUE estimates during the periods of higher E.
The commitment Challenger Tour players make as junior athletes

Professional tennis players competing at the Challenger Tour level were interviewed to further understanding of how professionals perceive their advancement. Results showed athletes make extensive commitments to facilitate advancement. Commitments that likely impact their career options after tennis. Implications and suggestions for moving forward are discussed.
Optogenetic axon guidance in embryonic zebrafish.

Summary Axons form the long-range connections of biological neuronal networks, which are built through the developmental process of axon guidance. Here, we describe a protocol to precisely and non-invasively control axonal growth trajectories in live zebrafish embryos using focal light activation of a photoactivatable Rac1. We outline techniques for photostimulation, time-lapse imaging, and immunohistochemistry. These approaches enable engineering of long-range axonal circuitry or repair of defective circuits in living zebrafish, despite a milieu of competing endogenous signals and repulsive barriers. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Harris et al. (2020) .
Your Water — How Secure—

The ongoing conflict between state and federal governments make it difficult, if not impossible, to properly plan or set up policies for state water uses. Until this conflict has been determined, it will be difficult for planners and engineers to set guidelines for public water policies.
Precedents and Professors—The Struggle Over Common Ground

If I understand the outlook of Professors Baker, Robinson, and Weimer correctly, all three are either proteleology or at least willing to look at this possibility in psychological theorizing. They just do not care for what I am doing in this regard. I had asked the editors of this journal to seek comments from colleagues on the other side of the question, hoping to engage them in debate that might have some influence on the thinking of my opponents, as well as on my own. As one oriented to dialectical human reasoning, I believe that much is to be gained from such oppositional exchanges (see, e.g., Rychlak, 1972). Apparently, we were unable to draw the other side into such discussion. But never mind: I am up to my neck in debate with my own kind. My present critics have found my ideas and empirical tests seriously wanting. My presentation also seems to have led to misunderstandings. I hope that my own shortcomings will not prejudice the reader against further consideration of telic explanation in human behavior. I thank my critical colleagues for taking the time to read my paper and to comment as they have done. I hope that this opportunity for a rejoinder will reassure the reader that my scholarship and my way of reaching for the telic human image are not so deficient as my colleagues make them out to be.
Paley's Paradox: Educating for Democratic Life

What I am going to call Paley’s Paradox is the paradox of democratic education. Put most directly, it says that education for democracy need not — indeed cannot — itself be democratic. While it is true that the reality of democratic citizenship is rooted in, among other things, the freedom of the individual, it is equally true that the reality of democratic life is rooted in the individual’s using that freedom in certain ways and denying herself the pleasure of using it in others. For example, democracy allows individuals to use their wealth and power to influence the political process in ways that preserve and enhance their wealth and power and grant privilege to their children. However, democracy requires that wealthy and powerful individuals refrain from so using their wealth and power, for when they so use it, democracy becomes plutocracy, and democratic life is a mere formality, without substance or meaning. The paradox of democracy is that, while democratic life is indeed about individual liberty and freedom, it is equally about the common, as opposed to individual, good.
A Comparison of Regression and Artificial Intelligence Methods in a Mass Appraisal Context

This paper describes a comparative study where several regression and artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are used to assess properties in Louisville, Kentucky. Four regressionbased methods ...