cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bullet wounds of the face: Nature and early management

A host of factors influence the degree of injury and the outcome in bullet wounds of the face. These include the bullet's size, weight, velocity, degree of fragmentation, site of entrance, and vital structures in its path. Secondary injury to tissue at a distance from the course of the bullet may occur. This is due to the generation and transmission of "shock waves" of energy by passage of the bullet. These waves may dissipate their energy in remote tissue, leading to areas of injury separated by normal tissue. Two cases of patients with bullet wounds of the face are reported to illustrate primary and secondary injury. Management of these patients involves initial routine life-support measures and careful evaluation of the extent of injury, including roentgenologic studies. Debridement is indicated as are tetanus and broadspectrum antibiotic prophylaxis.
Learning from the Arabidopsis Experience. The Next Gene Search Paradigm

Many species have become conscripted for studies in plant biology, with the choices usually driven by considerations such as genetic potential, developmental complexity, or biochemical exclusivity or by a combination of these features. Also, species have been chosen for possessing characteristics of
The Trajectory of White-Collar Crime Following the Great Economic Meltdown

This article reviews issues in white-collar crime research related to both the causes and aftermath of the 2008 economic meltdown. The absence of major prosecutions, new legislation designed to pre...
Authentication by correspondence

Correspondence properties capture authentication only indirectly. We trace the origin of correspondence in the analysis of authentication protocols and investigate to what extent correspondence actually corresponds to the various flavors of authentication.
Improved image quality in multistatic microwave gauging

The application of the concept of imaging radar to microwave level gauging represents a prospect of increasing reliability to target detection. A high angular resolution with a limited number of array elements can only be achieved with the cost of increased side lobes. This problem can be modeled by a point spread function (PSF). The present paper proposes techniques to invert the PSF, using the example of a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) system. The application of the Wiener filter and the Kalman filter across the angular domain exhibits promising improvements with respect to side lobe suppression and angular resolution. This can be demonstrated with results of both, simulations and measurements.
Control of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) development and senescence by the interaction between a chromosome six grain protein content locus, day length, and vernalization

Regulatory processes controlling traits such as anthesis timing and whole-plant senescence are of primary importance for reproductive success and for crop quality and yield. It has previously been demonstrated that the presence of alleles associated with high grain protein content (GPC) at a locus on barley chromosome six leads to accelerated leaf senescence, and to strong (>10-fold) up-regulation of several genes which may be involved in senescence control. One of these genes (coding for a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein termed HvGR-RBP1) exhibits a high degree of similarity to Arabidopsis glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7 (AtGRP7), which has been demonstrated to accelerate flowering under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions, but not after vernalization. Development of near-isogenic barley lines, differing in the allelic state of the GPC locus, was compared from the seedling stage to maturity under both SD and LD and after vernalization under LD. Intriguingly, pre-anthesis plant development [measured by leaf emergence timing and pre-anthesis (sequential) leaf senescence] was enhanced in high-GPC germplasm. Differences were more pronounced under SD than under LD, but were eliminated by vernalization, associating observed effects with floral induction pathways. By contrast, differences in post-anthesis flag leaf and whole-plant senescence between low- and high-GPC germplasm persisted under all tested conditions, indicating that the GPC locus, possibly through HvGR-RBP1, impacts on both developmental stages. Detailed molecular characterization of this experimental system may allow the dissection of cross-talk between signalling pathways controlling early plant and floral development on one side, and leaf/whole-plant senescence on the other side.
Misonidazole in fractionated radiotheraphy of a murine mammary carcinoma: Comparison of tumor and normal tissue response

Abstract The potential therapeutic benefit of misonidazole was tested in radiotherapy with 1, 2, 5, and 10 equal fractions, using as endpoints local tumor control (TCD50) of murine mammary carcinoma MDAH-MCa-4 and leg contracture at the TCD50, measured 120 days after irradiation. In controls and misonidazole-treated mice, the TCD50 increased with the number of fractions, from 66.7 to 114.6 Gy in controls, and from 43.3 to 75.7 Gy with misonidazole. At doses of ≥0.1 mg/g body weight, misonidazole reduced the TCD50 in all fractionation schedules; however, because of toxicity, 1.0 and 0.6 mg/g could be given with only 1 or 2 fractions. Leg contracture at the TCD50 was greatest (14.5 mm) in control mice treated with a single dose of radiation, and was least (7.2 to 7.4 mm) in those treated with a single dose of radiation preceded by 1.0 or 0.6 mg misonidazole/g body weight. With 0.1 mg misonidazole/g, the leg contracture at the TCD50 was less (9.8 to 12.2 mm with the various schedules) than in controls (12.0 to 14.5 mm) for 1, 5, or 10 fractions. Therefore, a therapeutic gain could be obtained by using misonidazole with 1, 2, 5, or 10 fractions, but the greatest gain occurred with 1 fraction, with high doses of misonidazole, that is, 0.6 to 1.0 mg/g.
Inflammation or infection at the time of second trimester induced abortion.

Abstract Background Induced abortion via dilation and evacuation (D&E) typically involves cervical preparation. Some clinicians also induce fetal death in the second trimester. We designed this study to determine if the combination of intra-amniotic digoxin and osmotic dilators induced intrauterine inflammatory changes. Study Design Twenty-two women requesting abortion at 19–23 weeks gestation had amniotic fluid sent for measurement of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), white blood cell (WBC) count and anaerobic and aerobic cultures on Day 1, before dilators and digoxin amnioinjection. Sampling was repeated on Day 2, prior to D&E. Results All subjects had significantly elevated IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in the amniotic fluid on Day 2. The median difference for IL-6 was 19,893.4 pg/mL (p There was no significant difference in WBC count. There were no clinically significant positive cultures and no clinical infections. Conclusion The administration of intra-amniotic digoxin and the placement of osmotic dilators prior to D&E create an intrauterine inflammatory response.
Secrecy and Publicity in Votes and Debates: Open-Secret Voting

Stock debates about transparency and secrecy usually assume that open voting and secret voting are mutually exclusive. But these positions present a false alternative; open and secret voting can be employed as complements in a larger decision-procedure. In what follows I will propose a hybrid or dual procedure of open-secret voting, and attempt to specify the conditions under which that procedure works well. I suggest that open-secret voting can best be justified as an institutional means of obtaining a second opinion from the voting group. A second opinion of this sort might produce informational benefits either for the members of the voting group itself, for outside parties, or for both. This is a companion paper to Adrian Vermeule, Second Opinions, available on SSRN.
A competitive dynamic pricing model when demand is interdependent over time

Abstract In this study, we contribute to the dynamic pricing literature by developing a finite horizon model for two firms offering substitutable and nonperishable products with different quality levels. Customers can purchase and store the products, even if they do not need them at the time, in order to use them in future. The stockpile of the products generated by customers affects the demand in future periods. Therefore, the demand for each product not only is a function of prices and quality levels, but also of the products’ stockpile levels. In addition, the stockpile levels change the customers’ consumption behavior; more product in a stockpile leads to more consumption. Therefore, we address not only the price and demand relationship but also the stockpiling and consumption relationship in a competitive environment. The decision variable of each firm at the beginning of each period is its unit sale price. We use a deterministic dynamic program to calculate the equilibrium prices at the beginning of each period. By assuming that the market stockpile is public information, we show the existence of a unique Nash equilibrium. We next consider the case when the firms do not know the market stockpile. We then develop appropriate heuristics to calculate the optimal prices in each case. A numerical study is also provided to calculate the price levels in different scenarios and compare their performances.
Zn2+-dependent redox switch in the intracellular T1-T1 interface of a Kv channel.

The thiol-based redox regulation of proteins plays a central role in cellular signaling. Here, we investigated the redox regulation at the Zn2+ binding site (HX5CX20CC) in the intracellular T1-T1 inter-subunit interface of a Kv4 channel. This site undergoes conformational changes coupled to voltage-dependent gating, which may be sensitive to oxidative stress. The main results show that internally applied nitric oxide (NO) inhibits channel activity profoundly. This inhibition is reversed by reduced glutathione and suppressed by intracellular Zn2+, and at least two Zn2+ site cysteines are required to observe the NO-induced inhibition (Cys-110 from one subunit and Cys-132 from the neighboring subunit). Biochemical evidence suggests strongly that NO induces a disulfide bridge between Cys-110 and Cys-132 in intact cells. Finally, further mutational studies suggest that intra-subunit Zn2+ coordination involving His-104, Cys-131, and Cys-132 protects against the formation of the inhibitory disulfide bond. We propose that the interfacial T1 Zn2+ site of Kv4 channels acts as a Zn2+-dependent redox switch that may regulate the activity of neuronal and cardiac A-type K+ currents under physiological and pathological conditions.
On ethics and social responsibility: The impact of materialism, postmaterialism, and hope

This study tests a refined materialism—postmaterialism scale, concomitant with a measure of hope, toward the end of predicting ethics and social responsibility concerns in individuals. Results indicate that this interactive model including hope, materialism and postmaterialism successfully predicted ethical and social responsibility orientations. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications for the interdisciplinary research on materialism—postmaterialism, the relationship of materialism to ethics and social responsibility and on understanding individual ethics and social responsibility concerns.
Clinical Significance of Current Kinship Relationships

It is important to realize that the nu clear family is not a static unity, iso lated from the influence of emotional currents in other parts of the extended family. Emotionally significant events and sequences of events occurring in the respective families of origin and in their collateral branches exercise an ongoing contemporary influence which is often of major significance. The influence of the extended family does not stop at the for mation of parental personalities. Both husband and wife function concurrently not only in mutual interaction, but also in a continuing engagement and in
Mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events after transcatheter aortic valve replacement using Edwards valve versus CoreValve: A meta-analysis

Abstract Objectives In patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high risk for surgery, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as an alternative procedure using EV or CV. The objective of this meta-analysis is to compare 1-year mortality and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) between Edwards valve (EV) and Medtronic CoreValve (CV). Methods PubMed and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched through December 2014. Twenty seven studies ( n =12,249) comparing TAVR procedure that used EV ( n =5745) and CV ( n =6504) were included. End points were procedural success rates, post-procedural mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, major bleeding, major vascular complications, incidence of new permanent pacemaker (PPM) placement and new left bundle branch block (LBBB). The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed and p Results There were no significant differences between EV and CV for post-procedural in-hospital, 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality rates ( p =0.53, 0.33 and 0.94 respectively), cardiovascular mortality ( p =0.61), stroke ( p =0.54), major bleeding ( p =0.25) and major vascular complications ( p =0.27). MI was significantly lower with EV compared to CV (OR: 0.56, CI: 0.35–0.89, p =0.01). Placement of new PPM and new onset LBBB were significantly higher in CV compared to EV (OR: 3.35, CI: 2.96–3.79, p p Conclusions The results of our meta-analysis suggest that TAVR procedure using CV may be associated with a higher incidence of MI, new PPM placement, and new onset LBBB compared to EV. However, the type of valve placed does not affect mortality.
Overarching Goals, Values, and Assumptions of Integrated Curriculum Design

The integration of one's curriculum is an approach to education that ignores subject-matter lines of delineation, thus allowing faculty to bring together the separate pieces of a curriculum into a ...
Spiritual Modalities: Prayer as Rhetoric and Performance. William FitzGerald

I am one of those kooks who believe that when I kneel down by my bedside at night to pray, my ill-formed, spontaneous, and largely unuttered thoughts somehow project out into the universe and into ...
Multi-Information Source Optimization with General Model Discrepancies

In the multi-information source optimization problem our goal is to optimize a complex design. However, we only have indirect access to the objective value of any design via information sources that are subject to model discrepancy, i.e. whose internal model inherently deviates from reality. We present a novel algorithm that is based on a rigorous mathematical treatment of the uncertainties arising from the model discrepancies. Its optimization decisions rely on a stringent value of information analysis that trades off the predicted benefit and its cost. We conduct an experimental evaluation that demonstrates that the method consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques: it finds designs of considerably higher objective value and additionally inflicts less cost in the exploration process.
Generalizing the Black-Scholes Formula to Multivariate Contingent Claims

This paper provides approximate formulas that generalize the Black-Scholes formula in all dimensions. Pricing and hedging of multivariate contingent claims are achieved by computing lower and upper bounds. These bounds are given in closed form in the same spirit as the classical one dimensional Black-Scholes formula. Lower bounds perform remarkably well. Similar to the one-dimensional case, Greeks are also available in closed form. We discuss an extension to basket options with barrier.
An adaptive control algorithm using hierarchical reduced order localparameter estimators for a distributed sensor scenario

Adaptive control algorithms capable of on-line parameter identification and controlling a plant are generally derived by solving the stochastic dynamic programming equation. These algorithms require a Kalman-type parameter estimator which supplies the controller block with the parameter estimates and covariances. For multi-input multi-output systems, this parameter estimation can be a computationally intensive and time consuming task. If the controller block stays idle during this time of estimation, the adaptive control process for real-time implementation is slow. This paper discusses an algorithm for a multivariable system where the sensors are spatially distributed. The estimation occurs in a distributed fashion and the local estimators are of reduced order. A heuristic certainty equivalence control law utilizes the estimation information as the estimates of the parameters in each channel of a multivariable system become available. I t then computes the control magnitude in a recursive fashion with respect to the sensor data. This recursive scheme together with distributed estimation allows one to compute a control value even if the estimates of some parameters are unavailable because of communication or processing malfunction. All of these fa.ctors reduce the waiting time of the controller and enhance the intersampling processing of the feedback loop between two sampling times.
VDAC3 Forms Typical Voltage-Gated, Anion-Selective, and Tubulin-Sensitive Channels

The Voltage Dependent Anion Channel (VDAC) forms the major pathway for metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). Mammalian mitochondria have three isoforms of this protein: VDAC1, VDAC2, and VDAC3 which may play different roles in the regulation of mitochondrial functions. VDAC1 is the most studied isoform, since it is the major protein of the MOM in most cells, followed by VDAC2. Both, VDAC1 and VDAC2 reconstituted into planar membranes form voltage-dependent anion-selective channels whose conductance is modulated by dimeric tubulin. As counterpart, the poor channel-forming ability of VDAC3 together with its low proficiency in restoring normal growth in pore-less yeast led to hypothesize that this isoform does not form channels and could be just a modulator of the other two isoforms. We developed an improved protocol of purification and refolding of mouse recombinant VDAC3 that allowed us to fully characterize channels formed by VDAC3 reconstituted in planar lipid membranes and to compare its channel properties with those of VDAC1 and VDAC2. We observed the typical VDAC channel behavior of VDAC3, such as high conductive open state (3.5-4.1 nS in 1M KCl) and multiple low conductive states at potentials ≥ ±40mV, selectivity for anions with PCl-/PK+= 1.7, and typical voltage-gating. This suggests a structural homology of VDAC3 with the other two isoforms. Interestingly, the most distinct characteristic of VDAC3 is its significantly lower sensitivity to the blockage by tubulin, which would lead to an increased permeability of this channel to ATP and other metabolites. This might explain why the down-regulation of VDAC3 expression among the three VDAC isoforms in some cancer cells causes the most drastic decrease in their mitochondrial membrane potential, or why VDAC3 is predominantly expressed in the short-term high energy demanding cells, such as spermatozoa.
Impact of INTERMACS Profile on Clinical Outcomes for Patients Supported With the Total Artificial Heart.

Abstract Background Insufficient data delineate outcomes for Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) profile 1 patients with the total artificial heart (TAH). Methods We studied 66 consecutive patients implanted with the TAH at our institution from 2006 through 2012 and compared outcome by INTERMACS profile. INTERMACS profiles were adjudicated retrospectively by a reviewer blinded to clinical outcomes. Results Survival after TAH implantation at 6 and 12 months was 76% and 71%, respectively. INTERMACS profile 1 patients had decreased 6-month survival on the device compared with those in profiles 2–4 (74% vs 95%, log rank: P = .015). For the 50 patients surviving to heart transplantation, the 1-year posttransplant survival was 82%. There was no difference in 1-year survival when comparing patients in the INTERMACS 1 profile with less severe profiles (79% vs 84%; log rank test P = .7; hazard ratio [confidence interval] 1.3 [0.3–4.8]). Conclusions Patients implanted with the TAH as INTERMACS profile 1 had reduced survival to transplantation compared with less sick profiles. INTERMACS profile at the time of TAH implantation did not affect 1-year survival after heart transplantation.
TECHNIQUES, COILS, PULSE SEQUENCES, AND CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT IN PEDIATRIC MUSCULOSKELETAL MR IMAGING

The first half of this article emphasizes the basic techniques involved in performing MR imaging of the pediatric musculoskeletal system. These include patient preparation, sedation issues, immobilization, coil selection, and pulse sequences. The second half of this article provides a detailed discussion of the use of Gadolinium and its enhancement characteristics in the normal developing musculoskeletal system, and its pathologic states are given.
Mentally handicapped institutionalized patients: A five-year review of gynecologic examinations performed under general anesthesia

The validity of the practice of routine examination of mentally handicapped women under general anesthesia was evaluated via a retrospective chart review at Yale New Haven hospital for a five-year period. In the absence of a history of abnormal bleeding or discharge, this select population of low risk women had a zero incidence of gonorrhea and chlamydia, and no cervical dysplasia.
The Virgin Mary, Monotheism, and Sacrifice: Sacrifice, Gender, and Patriarchy

It is a rather firmly patriarchal (and relatively transcendental) notion of deity that sets the grisly logic of sacrifice in motion in the first place. Ivan Strenski Sacrifice is childbirth done better. Nancy Jay All that his mother gave him burned away. Only the image of his father's likeness Rose from the ashes of his funeral pyre … So Hercules stepped free of mortal being … And with an air of gravity and power Grew tall, magnificent as any god. Ovid, Metamorphoses M uch of mary's role in and among the monotheisms is determined by theological understandings and devotional practices centering on her relationship to patriarchal sacrifice: first, her relationship to what Christians took to be the sacrificial traditions of the people of Israel; then, her relationship to her son's sacrifice on the cross; and finally, her relationship to its anamnesis or remembrance in the Eucharist or “sacrifice of the mass.” The precise relationship between Mary and sacrifice in these contexts is neither fixed nor unvarying, and the association has a variety of theological, liturgical, social, and devotional manifestations. Underlying them all, however, are important general functions of the discourse of sacrifice, a discourse widespread in human cultures, and one with a particular bearing on constructions of gender, motherhood, and fatherhood in religious and social life. DEFINITIONS AND DISTINCTIONS Even when limited to the context of religion, sacrifice is not an easy phenomenon to define.
A case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy secondary to a combination of valproic acid and topiramate

Purpose: To report a case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy induced by a combination of valproic acid and topiramate. Case Summary: A 30-year-old male was admitted to our institution after experiencing headaches, decreasing mental capacity, and increasing somnolence over the previous 3 days. Past medical history was significant for generalized tonic-clonic seizure disorder and mild mental retardation for which he had been regularly taking valproic acid, topiramate, and lorazepam. The patient was seizure free for the past 9 months prior to his seizure 2 weeks prior to admission. Upon presentation, an electroencephalogram revealed excessive slowing in the left more than right, with a differential consistent with a metabolic encephalopathy, head injury, or postictal state. Laboratory workup revealed a valproic acid level that was slightly elevated, but still within normal limits, at 92.5 mcg/mL (normal = 50 to 100 mcg/mL). Furthermore, the patient's ammonia level was found to be elevated at 72 mcg/dL (normal = 14.7 to 55.3 mcg/dL). On hospital day 3, after discovering these findings, valproic acid was discontinued and lactulose 20 g three times daily was started. Five days after admission, the patient's mental status changes were resolved, and he was discharged with an ammonia level of 57 mcg/dL. Conclusion: Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is rare, but a serious and sometimes fatal disorder can occur in patients receiving valproic acid therapy. The incidence of hyperammonemia may be increased in patients receiving concomitant valproic acid and topiramate therapy. In patients on valproic acid and topiramate who present with altered mental status, an ammonia level in addition to a serum valproate level should be ascertained to rule out this potentially serious adverse drug reaction.
Heterogeneous Nucleation and Growth of Nanoparticles at Environmental Interfaces

ConspectusMineral nucleation is a phase transformation of aqueous components to solids with an accompanying creation of new surfaces. In this evolutional, yet elusive, process, nuclei often form at environmental interfaces, which provide remarkably reactive sites for heterogeneous nucleation and growth. Naturally occurring nucleation processes significantly contribute to the biogeochemical cycles of important components in the Earth’s crust, such as iron and manganese oxide minerals and calcium carbonate. However, in recent decades, these cycles have been significantly altered by anthropogenic activities, which affect the aqueous chemistry and equilibrium of both surface and subsurface systems. These alterations can trigger the dissolution of existing minerals and formation of new nanoparticles (i.e., nucleation and growth) and consequently change the porosity and permeability of geomedia in subsurface environments.Newly formed nanoparticles can also actively interact with components in natural and engine...
Exploration of available feature detection and identification systems and their performance on radiographs

Despite object detection, recognition, and identification being very active areas of computer vision research, many of the available tools to aid in these processes are designed with only photographs in mind. Although some algorithms used specifically for feature detection and identification may not take explicit advantage of the colors available in the image, they still under-perform on radiographs, which are grayscale images. We are especially interested in the robustness of these algorithms, specifically their performance on a preexisting database of X-ray radiographs in compressed JPEG form, with multiple ways of describing pixel information. We will review various aspects of the performance of available feature detection and identification systems, including MATLABs Computer Vision toolbox, VLFeat, and OpenCV on our non-ideal database. In the process, we will explore possible reasons for the algorithms' lessened ability to detect and identify features from the X-ray radiographs.
Quantum Cluster Algebra Structures on Quantum Nilpotent Algebras

All algebras in a very large, axiomatically defined class of quantum nilpotent algebras are proved to possess quantum cluster algebra structures under mild conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that these quantum cluster algebras always equal the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras. Previous approaches to these problems for the construction of (quantum) cluster algebra structures on (quantized) coordinate rings arising in Lie theory were done on a case by case basis relying on the combinatorics of each concrete family. The results of the paper have a broad range of applications to these problems, including the construction of quantum cluster algebra structures on quantum unipotent groups and quantum double Bruhat cells (the Berenstein–Zelevinsky conjecture), and treat these problems from a unified perspective. All such applications also establish equality between the constructed quantum cluster algebras and their upper counterparts. The proofs rely on Chatters’ notion of noncommutative unique factorization domains. Toric frames are constructed by considering sequences of homogeneous prime elements of chains of noncommutative UFDs (a generalization of the construction of Gelfand–Tsetlin subalgebras) and mutations are obtained by altering chains of noncommutative UFDs. Along the way, an intricate (and unified) combinatorial model for the homogeneous prime elements in chains of noncommutative UFDs and their alterations is developed. When applied to special families, this recovers the combinatorics of Weyl groups and double Weyl groups previously used in the construction and categorification of cluster algebras. It is expected that this combinatorial model of sequences of homogeneous prime elements will have applications to the unified categorification of quantum nilpotent algebras. Received by the editor 23 December 2013. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 16T20; Secondary 13F60, 17B37, 14M15.
Clinical features and short-term outcome of presumptive intracranial complications associated with otitis media/interna: a multi-center retrospective study of 19 cats (2009–2017):

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compile an overview of the clinical features of intracranial complication of otitis media/interna (OMI) in cats managed across five veterinary referral hospit...
Anesthesia and Burns

Burn-injured patients present significant challenges to the medical team taking care of them. These patients present with pathophysiologic changes that affect the entire body. Burn injury creates a systemic inflammatory response that affects cardiac and pulmonary function. Burned patients require significant fluid resuscitation for management of burn shock and maintenance of organ perfusion. Complications arise from both under resuscitation and over resuscitation. In addition, patients are at risk for inhalation injury and airway compromise as well as difficult intubation. After 48 hours (h), patients begin to develop significant metabolic derangements. Hepatic and renal function are affected and patients have pharmacokinetic changes. Burn patients also have significant pain that requires a multimodal approach. Fluid titration and blood management must be carefully monitored given rapid and difficult to calculate blood loss during burn excisions. Monitoring and vascular access can be difficult in these patients. Even after the initial injury is healed these patients often present for further surgery with continued concerns regarding airway, vascular access, drug choice and positioning.
Visualization of sample introduction in liquid chromatographic columns: Contribution of a flow distributor on the sample band shape

The contributions to the radial distribution of the sample concentration across the column inlet and to the axial band dispersion resulting from a column header containing a distributor were evaluated using a band-visualization process entailing matching the refractive indices of the stationary and mobile phases in a glass column. This study illustrates graphically how a distributor fitted to the column can increase the axial dispersion of the sample band compared to an inlet containing only a frit. The distributor did not provide a uniform sample distribution across the column. In fact, for 17-mm inner diameter columns and high-porosity frits, the distribution was no better than with the frit having no distributor. However, when low-porosity frits were employed, improved peak shapes were obtained with a distributor. In addition, we observed that the inlet header configuration influenced dramatically the flow stream established along the column. The radial distribution of the efficiency of the columns was nearly homogeneous for those having only a frit but not for those having also a distributor. For the latter, the efficiency decreased from the column axis to its wall.
A Historical Evaluation of Adventitious Rooting Research to 1993

Vegetative propagation of plants by rooting of cuttings (cuttage) was successfully used hundreds of years before there was any study, much less understanding, of the underlying biological processes. For some species, cuttage was old practice even in antiquity, as evidenced in the writings of Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), Theophrastus (371–287 B.C.) and Pliny the Elder (23–79 A.D.). But cuttage was never successful enough to fulfill all then-current public and commercial demands and it still is not [e.g, see chapter by Howard in this volume]. In addition, organ formation has long been a study area within plant morphogenesis (Went and Thimann, 1937), which has made adventitious rooting of academic botanical interest. Hence research on the fundamental biology of adventitious rooting began and continues.
Shock Waves in a Mixture of Chemically Reacting Materials with Memory

In this paper we examine the behavior of a shock wave propagating in a mixture of chemically reacting viscoelastic materials. We derive an equation which determines the local behavior of the shock amplitude and also consider the situations when the shock is weak and infinitesimal.
Gleichung der Tangente in einem Punkte der Parabel

Die Steigung der Tangente bezogen auf das System 0′ ist 2 a x′ 1 . Nun ist x 1 ′ = x l−h, somit ist die Steigung, ausgedruckt in den Koordinaten des neuen Systems 0: m =2a(x l −h)=2ax 1−2 ah. Nach Gl. (2) in § 35 ist −2ah =b, also ist die Steigung gegeben durch $$m = 2a{x_1} + b$$ (1) Und die Gleichung der Tangente lautet $$y - {y_1} = (2a{x_1} + b)(x - {x_1})$$ (2)
Exploring the Professor and Student Relationship After a Life-threatening Trauma

A professor shares his account of recovering from a near fatal bicycle accident in this article. The authors explore the professor/student relationship after this life-threatening accident. Using q...
ACC/AHA Versus ESC Guidelines on Prosthetic Heart Valve Management: JACC Guideline Comparison

Highlights •Prosthetic heart valve replacement for native valve dysfunction is akin to trading one heart disease for another, warranting long-term follow-up and management. •This review highlights the main areas of disagreement between 2 societal practice guidelines. •The differences highlighted may help clinical decision-making with more cognizance of limitations of available evidence and catalyze future research.
Substance P in Solution: Trans-to-Cis Configurational Changes of Penultimate Prolines Initiate Non-enzymatic Peptide Bond Cleavages

We report ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry studies of the non-enzymatic step-by-step degradation of substance P (subP), an 11-residue neuropeptide, with the sequence Arg1-Pro2-Lys3-Pro4-Gln5-Gln6-Phe7-Phe8-Gly9-Leu10-Met11-NH2, in ethanol. At elevated solution temperatures (55 to 75 °C), several reactions are observed, including a protonation event, i.e., [subP+2H]2+ + H+ → [subP+3H]3+, that appears to be regulated by a configurational change and two sequential bond cleavages (the Pro2-Lys3 peptide bond is cleaved to form the smaller nonapeptide Lys3-Met11-NH2 [subP(3–11)], and subsequently, subP(3–11) is cleaved at the Pro4-Gln5 peptide bond to yield the heptapeptide Gln5-Met11-NH2 [subP(5–11)]). Each of the product peptides [subP(3–11) and subP(5–11)] is accompanied by a complementary diketopiperazine (DKP): cyclo-Arg1-Pro2 (cRP) for the first cleavage, and cyclo-Lys3-Pro4 (cKP) for the second. Insight about the mechanism of degradation is obtained by comparing kinetics calculations of trial model mechanisms with experimental data. The best model of our experimental data indicates that the initial cleavage of subP is regulated by a conformational change, likely a trans→cis isomerization of the Arg1-Pro2 peptide bond. The subP(3–11) product has a long lifetime (t1/2 ~ 30 h at 55 °C) and appears to transition through several structural intermediates prior to dissociation, suggesting that subP(3–11) is initially formed with a Lys3-trans-Pro4 peptide bond configuration and that slow trans→cis isomerization regulates the second bond cleavage event as well. From these data and our model mechanisms, we obtain transition state thermochemistry ranging from ΔH‡ = 41 to 85 kJ mol−1 and ΔS‡ = − 43 to – 157 J mol−1 K−1 for each step in the reaction.
Infection of Aedes Albopictus Mosquito C6/36 Cells With the w Melpop Strain of Wolbachia Modulates Dengue Virus-Induced Host Cellular Transcripts and Induces Critical Sequence Alterations in the Dengue Viral Genome

Dengue virus (DENV) causes frequent epidemics infecting ∼390 million people annually in over 100 countries. There are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for treatment of infected patients. However, there is a novel approach to control DENV transmission by the mosquito vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, using the Wolbachia symbiont. The wMelPop strain of Wolbachia suppresses DENV transmission and shortens the mosquito life span. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. To clarify this mechanism, either naive A. albopictus (C6/36) or wMelPop-C6/36 cells were infected with DENV serotype 2 (DENV2). Analysis of host transcript profiles by transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) revealed that the presence of wMelPop dramatically altered the mosquito host cell transcription in response to DENV2 infection. The viral RNA evolved from wMelPop-C6/36 cells contained low-frequency mutations (∼25%) within the coding region of transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1) of E protein. Mutations with >97% frequencies were distributed within other regions of E, the NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5POL) domain, and the TMDs of NS2A, NS2B, and NS4B. Moreover, while DENV2-infected naive C6/36 cells showed syncytium formation, DENV2-infected wMelPop-C6/36 cells did not. The Wolbachia-induced mutant DENV2 can readily infect and replicate in naive C6/36 cells, whereas in mutant DENV2-infected BHK-21 or Vero cells, virus replication was delayed. In LLC-MK2 cells, the mutant failed to produce plaques. Additionally, in BHK-21 cells, many mutations in the viral genome reverted to the wild type (WT) and compensatory mutations in NS3 gene appeared. Our results indicate that wMelPop impacts significantly the interactions of DENV2 with mosquito and mammalian host cells.IMPORTANCE Mosquito-borne diseases are of global significance causing considerable morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Dengue virus (DENV; serotypes 1 to 4), a member of the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, causes millions of infections annually. Development of a safe vaccine is hampered due to absence of cross-protection and increased risk in secondary infections due to antibody-mediated immune enhancement. Infection of vector mosquitoes with Wolbachia bacteria offers a novel countermeasure to suppress DENV transmission, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, the host transcription profiles and viral RNA sequences were analyzed in naive A. albopictus (C6/36) and wMelPop-C6/36 cells by RNAseq. Our results showed that the wMelPop symbiont caused profound changes in host transcription profiles and morphology of DENV2-infected C6/36 cells. Accumulation of several mutations throughout DENV2 RNA resulted in loss of infectivity of progeny virions. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated suppression of DENV transmission.
Factors associated with the remission of insomnia after traumatic brain injury: a traumatic brain injury model systems study

Objective: To examine the factors associated with the remission of insomnia by examining a sample of individuals who had insomnia within the first two years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and a...
Revised formula for predicting the long-term deflection multiplier of normal and high strength concrete

High strength concrete (HSC) has found many applications in civil engineering structures such as in high-rise buildings, and bridges. The mechanical properties of HSC are sometimes different than properties of normal strength concrete (NSC). In particular, HSC possess lower creep strains than NSC. As a result, members constructed using HSC have been found to deflect less under sustained long-term loads. However, the formula used by current ACI code (ACI 318-14) for predicting the long-term deflections doesn’t account for effects of HSC. This study aims to present a theoretical formula to calculate the long-term deflections for reinforced concrete beams made from NSC and HSC, taking into account the influence of HSC. The formula was derived from trial fitting of long-term deflections obtained from several experimental tests available in the literature. The presented equation considers the effects of several factors, such as compressive strength of concrete, reinforcement at compressive zone, cross section dimensions, and span’s length, found in the experiments to have significant impact on long-term deflections. The results of the equation were compared with experimental results of other researchers, and a good agreement was obtained. Following a parametric study, the long-term deflections were found to decrease to about 50% when increasing the concrete’s compressive strength from 20 to 100 MPa (2900 to 14500 psi). The compressive steel reinforcement was found less effective in the case of HSC. The deflection increased linearly with the ratio of (span to cross section perimeter).
Duplication 6q24: More Than Just Diabetes

Chromosome 6q24-related transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is characterized by intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight, with neonatal hyperglycemia resolving by 18 months and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Molecularly, it is caused by overexpression of the 6q24 imprinted chromosomal region due to a duplication, uniparental disomy, or abnormal methylation. Conventional testing for this condition analyzes methylation patterns at the 6q24 locus but does not evaluate for the presence of other surrounding chromosomal abnormalities. We report a female with a history of neonatal hyperglycemia due to a paternally inherited duplication at chromosomal location 6q24. She subsequently presented to the pediatric genetics clinic at 15 months of age with developmental delay and abnormal balance. Microarray analysis identified a larger 14 Mb chromosomal duplication from 6q24 to 6q25.2, consistent with a diagnosis of duplication 6q syndrome. This case highlights the clinical importance of pursuing further genetic evaluation in patients diagnosed with chromosome 6q24-related neonatal hyperglycemia via targeted methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis identifying a duplication in this region. Early identification and intervention can improve developmental outcomes for patients with larger chromosome 6q duplications.
Distributing the Costs of Environmental, Health, and Safety Protection: The Feasibility Principle, Cost-Benefit Analysis, and Regulatory Reform

This article offers a normative theory justifying the feasibility principle found in many environmental statutes. It then uses this theory to shine light on the regulatory reform debate. The feasibility principle avoids widespread plant shutdowns while maximizing the stringency of regulation that does not have this outcome. The feasibility principle a reasonable democratically chosen response to distributional concerns and provides meaningful guidance regarding both maximum and minimum stringency. Pollution’s tendency to concentrate severe harms upon randomly selected pollution victims justifies this approach’s stringency. Normally, cost concerns cannot justify failure to protect people from death, illness, and ecological destruction. But the principle’s constraints apply in the one situation where some initial restraint might be justified, when regulation threatens to produce widespread shutdowns that concentrate significant harms on individuals. Widely distributed costs, the type that obtain when plant closures are not likely, have de minimus impacts that cannot justify allowing death, serious illness, and ecological destruction to continue unabated.. Leading advocates of regulatory cost-benefit analysis (CBA) agree that the distribution of costs and benefits matters to regulation. They continue to endorse CBA, which does nothing to address those concerns, because they see the alternative to CBA as regulation without any analysis or meaningful guiding principles. The feasibility principle, however, relies upon rational analysis, offers more meaningful guidance than CBA, and has the capacity to advance CBA supporters’ goals better than CBA does, and at much less cost. Advocates of CBA have distorted the debate about regulatory reform by portraying it as a debate about whether or not cost receives consideration. Analysis of the feasibility principle shows that consideration of cost has always pervaded the regulatory system. Much of the debate should concern how we address costs, not only whether agencies should consider cost. This debate will profit from a clear picture of the feasibility principle. DISTRIBUTING THE COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL, HEALTH, AND SAFETY PROTECTION: THE FEASIBILITY PRINCIPLE, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, AND REGULATORY REFORM David M. Driesen
Is Burden Always Bad? Emerging Low-Burden Approaches to Mobile Dietary Self-monitoring and the Role Burden Plays with Engagement

The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the emerging lower-burden mobile dietary self-monitoring approaches and provide a case study highlighting the role that habit formation (regularly logging meals) and burden played in two weight loss interventions examining three different methods of dietary self-monitoring: two lower-burden (wearable device and photo-based) and one higher-burden (standard database app). A review of the literature of current methods for dietary self-monitoring was conducted. In addition, a case study using data from two different remotely delivered weight loss interventions is presented. Participants (n = 100) were randomly assigned to one of the three mobile diet tracking methods. At 6 weeks, participants were asked seven questions on a Likert scale (1 completely disagree; 7 completely agree) assessing factors such as habit formation (e.g., remembering to use the device). Several emerging methods of dietary self-monitoring are presented. For the case study, the wearable device (5.0 ± 1.81) and photo-based app (4.0 ± 2.24) participants found it more difficult to remember to use their device than did the standard database app (2.35 ± 1.79; p < 0.001) participants, indicating that habit formation was stronger in the Standard App condition than the approaches that were aimed to be of lower burden. Gaining a better understanding of the current and innovative approaches to dietary self-monitoring, as well as considering how burden and habit formation may be influencing sustained engagement could help inform future effective dietary interventions.
Mutational Analysis of the Fine Specificity of Binding of Monoclonal Antibody 51F to λ Repressor

Abstract Monoclonal antibody 51F recognizes determinants in the helix 4 region of the native form of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor. A cassette mutagenesis method was used to introduce changes within this region, and antibody-reactive candidates were isolated and sequenced. The resulting data allow the identification of repressor side chains that are critical determinants of antibody binding. Four of these side chains are on the surface of the N-terminal domain and probably contact the antibody directly. These contact positions were then mutagenized individually, and the antibody binding phenotypes of a large number of singly mutant repressors were determined. Taken together, the mutational data allow a functional map of the recognition surface to be constructed and the physical nature of some of the specific interactions that stabilize the antibody-antigen complex to be surmised.