cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dowel crown.

4. Miller, Samuel C . Textbook of periodontia, ed. 3. Philadelphia, Blakiston Co., 1950. 5. Bodecker, C. F. Occlusal neurosis, its cause and treatment. New York D. J. 8:6 Dec. 1941. 6. Darwin, Charles. Expression of the emotions in man and animals. New York, D. Appleton and Co., 1898. 7. Leof, M . C lam ping and grinding habits; their relation to periodontal disease. J.A.D.A. 31:184 Feb. 1944. 8. Box, Harold K. Twelve periodontal studies. Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1940. 9. Black, S . V. Abrasion of the teeth. In American system of dentistry. W . F. Litch, ed. Philadelphia, Lea Brothers & Co., 1886. 10. Brecker, S. Charles. Clinical procedures in oc­ clusal rehabilitation. Philadelphia, W . B. Saunders Co., 1958. 11. Bunting, R. W., and Hill, T. J. Textbook of oral pathology for students and practitioners of dentistry, ed. 2. Philadelphia, Lea & Febiger, 1940. 12. Goldm an, Henry M.; Schluger, Saul, and Fox, Lewis. Periodontal therapy. St. Louis, C . V. Mosby Co., 1956. 13. Gottlieb, B. Traumatic occlusion and the rest position of the mandible. J. Periodont. 18:7 Jan. 1947. 14. Ingle, J. I. Determination of occlusal discrepan­ cies. J.A.D.A. 54:6 Jan. 1957. 15. Jankelson, B. Physiology of human dental occlu­ sion. J.A.D.A. 50:664 June 1955. 16. Stones, Hubert H. Oral and dental diseases, ed. 2. Baltimore, W illiam s and W ilkins Co., 1951. 17. Gottlieb, B. H isto logic consideration of the sup­ porting tissues of the teeth. J.A.D.A. 30:1872 Dec. 1943. 18. Gratzinger, M . Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease. Illinois D. J. 17:375 Sept. 1948. 19. Moore, D. S. Bruxism, diagnosis and treatment. J. Periodont. 27:277 Oct. (956. 20. Tenenbaum, B., and others. C linical and m icro­ scopic study of the gingivae in periodontosis. J.A.D.A. 40:302 March 1950. 21. Tenenbaum, B., and others. Results of several types of treatment of periodontosis. J.A.D.A. 55:651 Nov. 1957.
Developing Case-Based Business Statistics Courses

Abstract We provide guidelines for developing case-based business statistics courses. Specifically, we describe both the benefits and pitfalls of case-based courses, and list resources available for course development. We describe the characteristics of the instructor (and the classroom!) which augur well for case-based teaching.
The Role of Joint Experience in Historical Narratives

There are historical events which cannot easily be made sense of by reference to the actions of single individuals. I suggest that one way to understand such events is by building on the involved agents’ joint experience, or reports thereof. The phenomenology of joint involvement, so my suggestion, is of use in a particular kind of sense making that combines hermeneutical and explanatory elements. Such sense making, I argue, is narrative in character. I suggest a particular conception of historical narratives that aligns them with what I call, taking up an idea from Ian McEwan’s novel Atonement, ‘psychological realism’ — the idea that what renders stories accurate is a reality with both physical and mental characteristics. I end by illustrating my account with a historical example.
Elliptical micro-ring organic lasers

Multimode laser action was observed from optically excited 2,5-dioctyloxy poly(para-phenylene-vinylene), DOO-PPV, micro-rings coaxially deposited around glass optical fibres of elliptical cross-section. The laser emission was found to be dependent upon the incident angle of the excitation and exhibited linewidths of approximately 1.2 A, quality factors (Q) exceeding 5000, and thresholds below 0.3 µJ/pulse. Such elliptical organic micro-ring lasers offer increased tailorability in emission properties over more conventional analogues of circular cross-section. Also discussed is the potential for such low-threshold lasers to serve as integrated sources for fibre lasers and amplifiers.
Birth delay of a Markov process and the stopping distributions for regular processes

We consider Markov processes with a fixed transition functionp(r, x; t, B) and with random birth times. We show that a process $$(\tilde X_t ,\tilde P)$$ can be obtained from (X t ,P) by birth delay if and only if $$\tilde P\left\{ {\tilde X_t \in B} \right\} \leqq P\left\{ {X_t \in B} \right\}$$ for allt andB. As an application, we give a new version and a new proof of the results of Rost [R] and Fitzsimmons [F2] on stopping distributions of Markov processes. The key Lemma 1.1 replaces the “filling scheme” used by the previous authors. Birth delay was considered from a different prospective in [F1].
Socialization and discipline for infants and young children 1

1. An alternative version of this article has been published in Lally, [1990] [see references].
Nonlinear discretization errors in partial difference equations

A necessary and sufficient condition for convergence of a finite difference solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation to its exact solution, assumed to exist, has been established in this work.
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell endothelin-1 expression modulates the pulmonary vascular response to chronic hypoxia

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases pulmonary vascular tone through direct effects on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) via membrane-bound ET-1 receptors. Circulating ET-1 contributes to vascu...
Singular perturbation analysis of the mean-field limit of semiclassical optics.

A linear stability analysis of a plane-wave model of a unidirectional ring cavity, which allows the slowly varying field amplitudes to vary along the length of the atomic medium, yields a characteristic equation having singularities coincident with estimates of the atomic-dominant eigenvalues derived under the mean-field limit. This result calls into question the validity of previous estimates of these eigenvalues. Using this general characteristic equation, we estimate the cavity- and atom-dominant eigenvalues by applying a perturbation expansion in sequential powers of the uniform-field parameter \ensuremath{\eta}=2 ln\ensuremath{\Vert}scr\ifmmode \bar{E}\else \={E}\fi{}(L)/scr\ifmmode \bar{E}\else \={E}\fi{}(0)\ensuremath{\Vert}. The resulting eigenvalue estimates appear as asymptotic expansions with limited domains of validity. The cavity-dominant eigenvalues, which are responsible for the well-known ``self-pulsing'' instability in unidirectional ring lasers and optically bistable resonators, are shown to be consistent with estimates derived in previous studies. However, the new expressions for the atom-dominant eigenvalues exhibit a more intricate distribution in the complex plane.
On the role of the simplicity heuristic in language processing: evidence from structural and inferential processing

This paper evaluates whether or not simplicity or “minimalistic” heuristics, which are posited to account for local ambiguity resolution at the level of structural processing and for the lack of inferential elaboration during discourse processing, represent the most accurate account of language processing. Evidence from on-line studies is presented which suggests that alternative, more knowledge-based mechanisms for handling processing are brought to bear in these situations.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes

The remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes give promise of a diverse array of revolutionary technologies and applications. Synthesis remains the key to their development. This article will review many of the current methods used for nanotube synthesis and the recent results towards achieving the goal of large-scale production with rational control of nanotube structure and properties.
Yeast DEL assay detects clastogens

Chromosomal rearrangements, including DNA deletions are involved in carcinogenesis. The deletion (DEL) assay scoring for DNA deletions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is able to detect a wide range of carcinogens. Among approximately 60 compounds of known carcinogenic activity, the DEL assay detected 86% correctly whereas the Ames Salmonella assay detected only 30% correctly [R.J. Brennan, R.H. Schiestl, Detecting carcinogens with the yeast DEL assay, Methods Mol. Biol. 262 (2004) 111-124]. Since the DEL assay is highly inducible by DNA double strand breaks, this study examined the utility of the DEL assay for detecting clastogens. Ten model compounds, with varied mechanisms of genotoxicity, were examined for their effect on the frequency of DNA deletions with the DEL assay. The compounds tested were: actinomycin D, camptothecin, methotrexate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, which are anticancer agents, noscapine and furosemide are therapeutics, acridine, methyl acrylate and resorcinol are industrial chemicals and diazinon is an insecticide. The in vitro micronucleus assay (IVMN) in CHO cells, a commonly used tool for detection of clastogens, was performed on the same compounds and the results of the two assays were compared. The results of our study show that there is 70% concordance in the presence of metabolic activation (rat liver S9) and 80% concordance in the absence of metabolic activation between the DEL assay and the standard in vitro micronucleus assay. The lack of cytotoxicity observed for four of the ten compounds examined indicates limited diffusion of lipophilic compounds across the yeast cell wall. Thus, the development of a more permeable yeast tester strain is expected to greatly improve concordance of the DEL assay with the IVMN assay. The yeast DEL assay is inexpensive, amenable to automation and requires less expertise to perform than the IVMN. Thus, it has a strong potential as a robust, fast and economical screen for detecting clastogens in vitro.
Cattail Invasion of Sedge/Grass Meadows in Lake Ontario: Photointerpretation Analysis of Sixteen Wetlands over Five Decades

ABSTRACT Photointerpretation studies were conducted to evaluate vegetation changes in wetlands of Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River associated with regulation of water levels since about 1960. The studies used photographs from 16 sites (four each from drowned river mouth, barrier beach, open embayment, and protected embayment wetlands) and spanned a period from the 1950s to 2001 at roughly decadal intervals. Meadow marsh was the most prominent vegetation type in most wetlands in the late 1950s when water levels had declined following high lake levels in the early 1950s. Meadow marsh increased at some sites in the mid-1960s in response to low lake levels and decreased at all sites in the late 1970s following a period of high lake levels. Typha increased at nearly all sites, except wave-exposed open embayments, in the 1970s. Meadow marsh continued to decrease and Typha to increase at most sites during sustained higher lake levels through the 1980s, 1990s, and into 2001. Most vegetation changes c...
A novel Euler-Lagrange equation arising in the optimization of photochemical branching ratios

Abstract The problem of optimizing the characteristics of incident radiation designed to selectively break certain chemical bonds is formalized within second order quantum mechanical perturbation theory. The resultant problem is shown to be a quartic analogue of the Rayleigh problem whose solutions are appropriately generalized eigenvectors which may be computed by using an appropriately generalized powers algorithm.
The effect of body tilt on the directionality of units in cat visual cortex

Abstract Receptive fields of single units in the visual cortex of the cat were studied in an attempt to find manifestations of sensory interaction between visual and vestibular systems. The preferred direction of cortical units was mapped in paralyzed unanesthetized animals with the cat horizontal and again when the cat was tilted. Results did not support the idea of any specific receptive field compensatory mechanism, but the existence of nonspecific vestibular effects on visual cortex cells was not ruled out.
Primary Leucocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Deficiency in an Adult With Repeated Infections

SUMMARY. An individual with repeated bacterial infections, eczema, hyperimmuno-globulin E, and a primary deficiency of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase is described. The LAP-deficient neutrophils from this patient had marginally deficient bactericidal activity particularly when challenged with high ratios of bacteria per neutrophil. Leucotactic, metabolic and morphologic features of the neutrophils from the patient were normal. Evidence is presented which contrasts this patient's condition with previously described primary or secondary deficiencies of LAP.
Dual function of eIF3j/Hcr1p in processing 20 S pre-rRNA and translation initiation.

Abstract eIF3j/Hcr1p, a protein associated with eIF3, was shown to bind to, and stabilize, the multifactor complex containing eIFs 1, 2, 3, and 5 and Met-tRNA , whose formation is required for an optimal rate of translation initiation. Here we present evidence that eIF3j/Hcr1p is an RNA binding protein that enhances a late step in 40 S ribosome maturation involving cleavage of the 20 S precursor of 18 S rRNA in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence staining shows that eIF3j/Hcr1p is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. The hcr1Δ mutant exhibits a decreased amount of 40 S subunits, hypersensitivity to paromomycin, and increased levels of 20 S pre-rRNA. Combining the hcr1Δ mutation withdrs2Δ or rps0aΔ, deletions of two other genes involved in the same step of 40 S subunit biogenesis, produced a synthetic growth defect. p35, the human ortholog of eIF3j/Hcr1p, partially complemented the slow growth phenotype conferred byhcr1Δ when overexpressed in yeast. heIF3j/p35 was found physically associated with yeast eIF3 and 43 S initiation complexesin vitro and in vivo. Because it did not complement the 40 S biogenesis defect of hcr1Δ, it appears that heIF3j can substitute for eIF3j/Hcr1p only in translation initiation. We conclude that eIF3j/Hcr1p is required for rapid processing of 20 S to 18 S rRNA besides its role in translation initiation, providing an intriguing link between ribosome biogenesis and translation.
The isolation, purification and derivatives of plant pigments related to rutin.

A method is described for the extraction and separation of maclurin and morin from Morus tinctoria. Comparable information relating to the isolation of iridin from orris root is also reported. Preparation methods for certain derivatives of morin, maclurin, hesperetin, naringenin, and irigenol are described.
Standards and Practices for Forecasting

One hundred and thirty-nine principles are used to summarize knowledge about forecasting. They cover formulating a problem, obtaining information about it, selecting and applying methods, evaluating methods, and using forecasts. Each principle is described along with its purpose the conditions under which it is relevant, and the strength and sources of evidence. A checklist of principles is provided to assist in auditing the forecasting process. An audit can help one to find ways to improve the forecasting process and to avoid legal liability for poor forecasting.
Use of a mucus clearance device enhances the bronchodilator response in patients with stable COPD.

Study objective: To determine whether the use of a mucus clearance device (MCD) [Flutter; Axcan Scandipharm; Birmingham, AL] could improve the bronchodilator response to inhaled ipratropium and salbutamol delivered by a metered-dose inhaler in patients with stable, severe COPD. Patients: Twenty-three patients with severe COPD were studied. Mean SD age was 71.7 6.3 years. Mean FEV1 was 0.74 0.28 L or 34.5 12.7% predicted. Methods: Patients were tested in random order on 2 subsequent days after using an MCD or a sham MCD. A bronchodilator (four puffs; each puff delivering 20 g of ipratropium bromide and 120 g of salbutamol sulfate) was administered by metered-dose inhaler with a holding chamber after use of the MCD or sham MCD. Spirometry was performed before and after use of the MCD or sham MCD, and at 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min after the bronchodilator. Six-minute walk distance was tested between 30 min and 60 min; oxygen saturation, pulse, and a dyspnea score were recorded before and after walking. Results: Immediately after use of the MCD, but not the sham MCD, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in FEV1 and FVC (11 24% vs 1 7% and 18 33% vs 6 18%, respectively). Whether patients were pretreated with the MCD or sham MCD, there was a significant improvement in FEV1 and FVC compared to baseline with combined bronchodilator therapy. At 120 min, the change in FEV1 after treatment with the MCD was greater than with the sham MCD (186 110 mL vs 130 120 mL; p < 0.05). When comparing the MCD to the sham MCD, 6-min walk distance was greater (174 92 mv s 162 86 m; p < 0.05), with less dyspnea before and at the end of walking. Conclusion: Patients with severe COPD may demonstrate a significant bronchodilator response to combined ipratropium and salbutamol delivered by metered-dose inhaler. This response may be enhanced and additional functional improvement obtained with the prior use of a bronchial MCD. (CHEST 2002; 121:702–707)
Topic identification from audio recordings using word and phone recognition lattices

In this paper, we investigate the problem of topic identification from audio documents using features extracted from speech recognition lattices. We are particularly interested in the difficult case where the training material is minimally annotated with only topic labels. Under this scenario, the lexical knowledge that is useful for topic identification may not be available, and automatic methods for extracting linguistic knowledge useful for distinguishing between topics must be relied upon. Towards this goal we investigate the problem of topic identification on conversational telephone speech from the Fisher corpus under a variety of increasingly difficult constraints. We contrast the performance of systems that have knowledge of the lexical units present in the audio data, against systems that rely entirely on phonetic processing.
Quantifying your body: A how-to guide from a systems biology perspective

During the coming decade we will see an accelerated digital transformation of healthcare. Leading this change within the institutional medical community are both the move to digital medical records and the use of digital biomedical measurement devices. In addition to this institutional evolution, there is a non-institutional, bottom-up, unorganized, highly idiosyncratic movement by early adopters to "quantify" their own bodies. In this article, I share my decade-long personal experience of tracking many blood and stool biomarkers, which provide insight into the health or disease of major subsystems of my body. These results are interpreted in the context of the genetics of my human DNA and that of the microbes in my gut. Even though I am a computer scientist and not a medical professional, by using commercially available tests and a systems biology integrative approach, I have become an early example of Leroy Hood's vision of the emergence of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine. It is an individual's story illustrating how each of us can contribute to realizing this paradigm shift.
A Rachitic Infant Painted by Burgkmair 136 Years before Dr. Whistler Described Rickets

Rickets as a definite disease manifesting itself by a more or less constant association of symptoms was first described in 1645 by Daniel Whistler, an English physician. However, the disease must have existed years before Dr. Whistler's report, as is evident in the painting by Hans Burgkmair com pleted in 1509.
Altered gene expression in the brain and ovaries of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole: microarray analysis and hypothesis generation.

As part of a research effort examining system-wide responses of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in fish to endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) with different modes of action, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 25 or 100 μg/L of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole for 24, 48, or 96 h. Global transcriptional response in brain and ovarian tissue of fish exposed to 25 μg/L of fadrozole was compared to that in control fish using a commercially available, 22,000-gene oligonucleotide microarray. Transcripts altered in brain were functionally linked to differentiation, development, DNA replication, and cell cycle. Additionally, multiple genes associated with the one-carbon pool by folate pathway (KEGG 00670) were significantly up-regulated. Transcripts altered in ovary were functionally linked to cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix, vasculogenesis, and development. Promoter motif analysis identified GATA-binding factor 2, Ikaros 2, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1, myoblast-determining factor, and several heat shock factors as being associated with coexpressed gene clusters that were differentially expressed following exposure to fadrozole. Based on the transcriptional changes observed, it was hypothesized that fadrozole elicits neurodegenerative stress in brain tissue and that fish cope with this stress through proliferation of radial glial cells. Additionally, it was hypothesized that changes of gene expression in the ovary of fadrozole-exposed zebrafish reflect disruption of oocyte maturation and ovulation because of impaired vitellogenesis. These hypotheses and others derived from the microarray results provide a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding responses of the HPG axis to EACs and other chemical stressors.
Identification of Replication Specificity Determinants in Two Strains of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus from New Delhi

We used two strains of tomato leaf curl virus from New Delhi to investigate specificity in replication of their cognate genomes. The strains share 94% sequence identity and are referred to as severe and mild on the basis of symptoms on tomato and tobacco. Replication assays in tobacco protoplasts and plants showed that a single amino acid change, Asn10 to Asp in the N terminus of Rep protein, determines specificity for replication of the two strains based upon its interaction with the origin of replication (ori) sequences. The change of Asp10 to Asn in Rep protein of the mild strain coupled with point mutations at the 3rd and 10th nucleotides of the 13-mer binding site altered its replication ability, resulting in increased levels of virus accumulation. Similarly, changing Asn10 to Asp in Rep protein of the severe strain impaired replication of the virus and altered its severe phenotype in plants. Site-directed mutations made in ori and Asn10 of Rep protein suggested that Asn10 recognizes the third base pair of the putative binding site sequence GGTGTCGGAGTC in the severe strain.
Group courtship, mating behaviour and siphon sac function in the whitetip reef shark, Triaenodon obesus

We analysed video records of three mating events involving nine free-living whitetip reef sharks in Cocos Islands, Costa Rica to examine reproductive behaviour in this species. We describe several behaviours never before documented in this species, and four behaviours never before documented in any elasmobranch. Here, we also present the first hypothesis for the function of the male's paired reproductive organs, the siphon sacs, to be based on observations of mating sharks. We introduce terminology for three separate siphon sac structural components that are externally visible during courtship and mating in this species. Based on our analyses, as well as evidence from past mating studies, the siphon sacs in whitetip reef sharks appear to be used to propel sperm into the female's reproductive tract, not for flushing the female's reproductive tract of sperm from previous males. We discuss the implications of ‘group courtship’, ‘siphon isthmus constriction’, ‘reverse thrusting’, ‘postrelease gaping’ and ‘noncopulatory ejaculation’.
EXTENDING AIR TEMPERATURE SETPOINTS: SIMULATED ENERGY SAVINGS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR NEW AND RETROFIT BUILDINGS

Abstract The thermostat setpoint range (deadband) in office buildings impacts both occupant thermal comfort and energy consumption. Zones operating within the deadband require no heating or cooling, and the terminal unit airflow volume rate may be reduced to its design minimum. Wider deadbands allow energy savings as well as lower total airflows through the terminal. The extent of such savings has not been systematically quantified. Reference models representing standard HVAC and building design practice were used to simulate the impact of thermostat setpoint ranges on annual HVAC energy consumption. Heating and cooling setpoints were varied parametrically in seven ASHRAE climate zones and in six distinct medium-sized office buildings, each representing either a new building design or a building controls retrofit. The minimum airflow volume rates through the VAV terminal units were also varied to represent both standard and best practices. The simulations are compared to empirical data from monitored buildings. Without reducing satisfaction levels, by increasing the cooling setpoint of 22.2 °C (72 °F) to 25 °C (77 °F), an average of 29% of cooling energy and 27% total HVAC energy savings are achieved. Reducing the heating setpoint of 21.1 °C (70 °F) to 20 °C (68 °F) saves an average of 34% of terminal heating energy. Further widened temperature bands achieved with fans or personal controls can result in HVAC savings in the range of 32%–73% depending on the climate. It is demonstrated that in order to fully realize energy savings from widening thermostat temperature setpoints, today's typical VAV minimum volume flow rates should be reduced.
Targeting IFN-α to B Cell Lymphoma by a Tumor-Specific Antibody Elicits Potent Antitumor Activities

IFN-alpha, a cytokine crucial for the innate immune response, also demonstrates antitumor activity. However, use of IFN-alpha as an anticancer drug is hampered by its short half-life and toxicity. One approach to improving IFN-alpha's therapeutic index is to increase its half-life and tumor localization by fusing it to a tumor-specific Ab. In the present study, we constructed a fusion protein consisting of anti-HER2/neu-IgG3 and IFN-alpha (anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha) and investigated its effect on a murine B cell lymphoma, 38C13, expressing human HER2/neu. Anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha exhibited potent inhibition of 38C13/HER2 tumor growth in vivo. Administration of three daily 1-microg doses of anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha beginning 1 day after tumor challenge resulted in 88% of the mice remaining tumor free. Remarkably, anti-HER2/neu-IgG3-IFN-alpha demonstrated potent activity against established 38C13/HER2 tumors, with complete tumor remission observed in 38% of the mice treated with three daily doses of 5 microg of the fusion protein (p = 0.0001). Ab-mediated targeting of IFN-alpha induced growth arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma cells contributing to the antitumor effect. The fusion protein also had a longer in vivo half-life than rIFN-alpha. These results suggest that IFN-alpha Ab fusion proteins may be effective in the treatment of B cell lymphoma.
Stigma and Mental Illness: Investigating Attitudes of Mental Health and Non-Mental-Health Professionals and Trainees.

The authors explored attitudes toward adults with mental illness. Results suggest that mental health trainees and professionals had less stigmatizing attitudes than did non-mental-health trainees and professionals. Professionals receiving supervision had higher mean scores on the Benevolence subscale than did professionals who were not receiving supervision. Implications for teaching, practice, and research are discussed.
Risk factors for meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in dialysis patients: a meta-analysis

Summary Background Patients on dialysis are particularly vulnerable to meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and MRSA colonization is associated with increased risk for severe infections in this population. Aim Determination of risk factors for MRSA colonization among dialysis patients. Methods This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting risk factors of MRSA colonization. We performed a PubMed and EMBASE literature search to identify all studies on risk factors for MRSA colonization among patients undergoing dialysis treatment. Previous hospitalization, type of dialysis access, comorbid conditions, dialysis vintage, gender, length of time on dialysis, and previous antibiotic use were extracted and assessed for possible association with MRSA colonization in this population. Findings Ten out of 8252 articles, presenting data on 2364 dialysis patients, were included. We found that hospitalization within the previous 12 months [odds ratio (OR): 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.58] and the use of temporary dialysis access (relative risk: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.06–2.60) were associated with a significantly higher risk of MRSA colonization. MRSA carriage was associated with lower serum albumin levels compared to non-carriage (OR: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.68–0.95) and was higher among patients with chronic lung disease (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.04–4.51). There were no data on patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion Active surveillance approaches, including potential decolonization strategies, are suggested to focus on these subgroups of haemodialysis patients with hospitalization within the previous year, temporary dialysis access, lower serum albumin levels, and chronic lung disease comorbidity.
A Cognition (Attribution)-Emotion Model of Violence in Conflict Situations

The present research was designed to examine the relationships between attribution processes and interpersonal emotions (anger and empathic emotions) as determinants of violent reactions in conflict situations. A model including the mediating role of attribution processes and emotions as well as all theoretically meaningful relationships among the variables was proposed and tested using Bentler's structural equations program (EQS). Results show that the model fits the data well and the mediating role of anger and empathic emotions is supported In addition, the role of attributional thinking (e.g., perceived intentionality of an instigation and controllability of its cause) as a determinant of anger and empathic emotions is confirmed. Results are discussed in terms of potential extensions and applications of attribution theory and the role of interpersonal emotions in antisocial behavior and interpersonal relations in general
Abstract B09: Liver-specific knockout of GRP94 in mice disrupts cell adhesion, activates liver progenitor cells, and accelerates liver tumorigenesis

Liver cancer is one of the most common solid tumors with poor prognosis and high mortality. Mutation or deletion of the tumor suppressor PTEN is strongly correlated with human liver cancer. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is a major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein, but its in vivo function is still emerging. To study the role of GRP94 in maintaining liver homeostasis and tumor development, we created two liver-specific knockout mouse models with the deletion of Grp94 alone, or in combination with Pten , using the albumin-cre system. We demonstrated that while deletion of GRP94 in the liver led to hyperproliferation of liver progenitor cells, deletion of both GRP94 and PTEN accelerated development of liver tumors, including both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC) suggestive of progenitor cell origin. Furthermore, at the premalignant stage, we observed disturbance of cell adhesion proteins but no detectable overt liver injury. We further discovered that when GRP94 was deleted in PTEN-null livers, ERK was selectively activated, suggesting that this could be a potential molecular mechanism for enhanced liver tumorigenesis in this mouse model. Conclusion: We identify GRP94 as a novel regulator of cell adhesion, liver homeostasis, and tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Wan-Ting Chen, Chun-Chih Tseng, Kyle Pfaffenbach, Gary Kanel, Biquan Luo, Bangyan L. Stiles, Amy S. Lee. Liver-specific knockout of GRP94 in mice disrupts cell adhesion, activates liver progenitor cells, and accelerates liver tumorigenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.
The Sexual Crisis and Popular Religion in London, 1770-1820

Religion is becoming a crucial issue in women's history. Tired of portraying women as misguided victims, historians have begun to show how women have used religion, especially radical religion, to gain added status or at least impart meaning to their lives.l But in this new portrayal we must be careful to untangle the threads of female religious symbolism from the realities of women's lives, to examine the contrast between the opportunities for women in radical religion and the restrictions placed upon them by established churches and chapels. Furthermore, we must consider that religion is vital to the construction of masculinity in strengthening patriarchal power but also in revealing the needs of men, especially plebeian and working-class men, to cope with their lack of power.
Repeated Low-Dose Administration of the Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitor JZL184 Retains Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1–Mediated Antinociceptive and Gastroprotective Effects

The monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitor 4-nitrophenyl 4-(dibenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl(hydroxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (JZL184) produces antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. However, repeated administration of high-dose JZL184 (40 mg/kg) causes dependence, antinociceptive tolerance, cross-tolerance to the pharmacological effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists, and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) downregulation and desensitization. This functional CB1 receptor tolerance poses a hurdle in the development of MAGL inhibitors for therapeutic use. Consequently, the present study tested whether repeated administration of low-dose JZL184 maintains its antinociceptive actions in the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve neuropathic pain model and protective effects in a model of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–induced gastric hemorrhages. Mice given daily injections of high-dose JZL184 (≥16 mg/kg) for 6 days displayed decreased CB1 receptor density and function in the brain, as assessed in [3H]SR141716A binding and CP55,940 [(−)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl) cyclohexanol]-stimulated guanosine 5′-O-(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate binding assays, respectively. In contrast, normal CB1 receptor expression and function were maintained following repeated administration of low-dose JZL184 (≤8 mg/kg). Likewise, the antinociceptive and gastroprotective effects of high-dose JZL184 underwent tolerance following repeated administration, but these effects were maintained following repeated low-dose JZL184 treatment. Consistent with these observations, repeated high-dose JZL184, but not repeated low-dose JZL184, elicited cross-tolerance to the common pharmacological effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. This same pattern of effects was found in a rimonabant [(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide)]-precipitated withdrawal model of cannabinoid dependence. Taken together, these results indicate that prolonged, partial MAGL inhibition maintains potentially beneficial antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, without producing functional CB1 receptor tachyphylaxis/tolerance or cannabinoid dependence.
Lifetime-throughput tradeoff for elastic traffic in multi-hop hotspot networks

Multi-hop hotspot networks consist typically of one or few wireless access nodes (ANs) and many self-organizing, self-coordinating, and battery-powered portable nodes (PNs). Nodes maintain cooperative connectivity among each other without any need for a wired infrastructure. On the one hand, because PNs are power-limited, efficient use of their available energy resources is crucial to their lifetimes. On the other hand, because higher rates of elastic flows provide higher QoS, it is desirable to maximize the throughput. Unfortunately, increasing lifetime and maximizing throughput are two conflicting objectives which cannot he optimized simultaneously. In this paper, we propose an extension of our earlier-presented scheme (B. Hamdaoui et al., IEEE Press Monograph on Sensor Network Op., 2004) to support elastic traffic routing in multi-hop hotspot networks. The proposed routing scheme strikes a balance between the need to keep the nodes operational with sufficient energy resources and the desire to allocate higher throughput to elastic flows. The proposed scheme also deals systematically with both objectives of maximizing the network lifetime and minimizing the total consumed energy.
Investigating the performance of simplified neutral-ion collisional heating rate in a global IT model

The Joule heating rate has usually been used as an approximate form of the neutral-ion collisional heating rate in the thermospheric energy equation in global thermosphere-ionosphere models. This means that the energy coupling has ignored the energy gained by the ions from collisions with electrons. It was found that the globally averaged thermospheric temperature (Tn) was underestimated in simulations using the Joule heating rate, by about 11% when F10.7=110 solar flux unit (sfu, 1 sfu = 10−22 W m−2 Hz−1) in a quiet geomagnetic condition. The underestimation of Tn was higher at low latitudes than high latitudes, and higher at F region altitudes than at E region altitudes. It was found that adding additional neutral photoelectron heating in a global IT model compensated for the underestimation of Tn using the Joule heating approximation. Adding direct photoelectron heating to the neutrals compensated for the indirect path for the energy that flows from the electrons to the ions then to the neutrals naturally and therefore was an adequate compensation over the dayside. There was a slight dependence of the underestimation of Tn on F10.7, such that larger activity levels resulted in a need for more compensation in direct photoelectron heating to the neutrals to make up for the neglected indirect heating through ions and electrons.
Is It Ethical to Be a Super Lawyer

The code of ethics which governs the legal profession regulates attorney advertisements. In general, attorney advertisements cannot mislead or create an unjustified expectation of results. There is a new type of legal advertisement being scrutinized by several states. The advertisements provide that an attorney was chosen for a publication which lists those attorneys who are the best in their respective area of law. Several states have considered whether these advertisements violate the code of ethics. This article reviews the issue and the 1st Amendment protections for commercial speech.
Abstract 246: Interleukin-1 Potentiates Renal Sodium Retention in Angiotensin Ii-dependent Hypertension by Preventing No-mediated Inhibition of the Na+-k+-2cl- Cotransporter

The current studies define the mechanism through which interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) activation exacerbates angiotensin (Ang) II-induced hypertension. We previously reported that IL-1R-deficient (KO) mice had attenuated elevations in blood pressure (BP) vs. wild-types (WT) in our hypertension model of uni-nephrectomy followed by 4 wks of Ang II infusion. As the IL-1 receptor modulates macrophage function, we blindly counted F4/80+ macrophages in KO and WT kidneys after 4 wks of Ang II. Compared to WTs, the KO kidneys contained more macrophages (13.6±1.7 vs. 17.9±0.8 per HPF; p=0.03) and had higher mRNA levels of the macrophage cytokine iNOS (1.0±0.2 vs. 1.7±0.3 au; p
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF CONIDIA AND CONIDIAL MATRIX OF TRICHODERMA

(1989). Scanning Electron Microscopy of Conidia and Conidial Matrix of Trichoderma. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 312-317.
Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms of Action

Atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, particularly angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, is the single most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world [1]. The initial stage of atherosclerotic lesion development is characterized by the local accumulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the recruitment of monocytes to the arterial wall [2, 3]. Once in the arterial wall, the monocytes differentiate into resident macrophages and then gradually may be converted to lipid-laden foam cells. Foam cells are the hallmark of the earliest atherosclerotic lesion called the “fatty streak.”
Factors Associated with Higher Pro-Inflammatory Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Young Women with Type 1 Diabetes

Aims: While cytokines play a role in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, cytokines later in the disease are less understood. We therefore investigated associations of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α levels measured at prolonged disease duration with C-peptide at diagnosis, long-term glycemic control, diabetes duration, clinical factors, and health behaviors. Methods: Data and blood were collected during an ancillary study to the longitudinal Wisconsin Diabetes Registry, a population-based cohort followed since diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. The ancillary study was conducted at 13–18 years diabetes duration, and enrolled premenopausal women age 18–45 years (n=87). Results: Higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels at 13–18 years diabetes duration were independently associated with longer duration (p=0.0004) and worse current renal function (p=0.02). Additionally, diabetes duration modified both of the positive associations of tumor necrosis factor-α levels (both interactions p≤0.01) with mean glycemic control during the previous 10 years (significant only in women with longer durations) and current daily caffeine intake (significant only in women with shorter durations). In women with C-peptide measured at diagnosis (n=50), higher tumor necrosis factor-α levels at 13–18 years duration were associated with lower C-peptide (p=0.01), independent of glycemic control during the previous 10 years. Conclusions: Lower residual C-peptide at diagnosis and poor long-term glycemic control independently predicted higher pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α levels years later. The novel relationship with C-peptide needs confirmation in a larger cohort. Given the association between tumor necrosis factor-α and diabetes complications, further longitudinal studies may help clarify the potentially complex associations between glycemic control, inflammatory cytokines, and complications.
A Consideration of the Function of Ohio Hopewell Bladelets

(1994). A Consideration of the Function of Ohio Hopewell Bladelets. Lithic Technology: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 109-127.
Airborne-Laser Planetary Defense Against Asteroids: Near-Field Aero-Optical Distortions and Far-Field Space Propagation

The possibility of using airborne lasers to direct energy toward an incoming asteroid is investigated with emphasis on the laser-beam pointing accuracy resulting from aero-optical distortions. The assumed Defined Threat (DEFT) scenario involving the Athos asteroid is considered with impact date February 29, 2016. Laser-equipped aircraft provide highly-mobile rapid-response launching platforms in the atmosphere which can be used to direct a high-energy laser beam toward Athos in order to disintegrate or deflect it. The aircraft-generated turbulence, however, as well as the atmospheric turbulence, generate near-field aero-optical distortions which aect the far-field propagation of the laser beam and reduce the accuracy with which the laser energy can be directed in space. The focus of this work is on the laser-beam distortions associated with the aircraft-generated turbulence which can degrade significantly the far-field laser-beam behavior. In particular, separated flows generated by the aircraft cause significant near-field aero-optical distortions. This work considers the eects of a turbulent compressible separated shear layer on laser-beam propagation as an example of aero-optical distortions in high-subsonic-speed flight. The extent to which the large-scale shear-layer structures degrade the laser-beam pointing accuracy, relative to small-scale turbulence structures, is estimated on the basis of computational modeling and experimental measurements. The modeling is conducted by representing the shear layer as refractive fluid interfaces of variable physical thickness. The experiments are conducted in a new pressurized wind tunnel which facilitates simultaneous imaging of the flow structure and of the laser-beam behavior. Preliminary findings indicate that large-scale flow structures dominate the aerooptical distortions, necessitating novel means to suppress or eliminate the large-scale flow structures and aero-optical distortions using flow control. Two promising flow-control concepts, currently under study and expected to be functional prior to 2016, are to regularize the large-scale turbulent behavior of the flow by periodic multi-frequency excitation or to suppress the large-scale flow structures by high-frequency excitation. Plasma-fluid interactions appear to provide a practical means of turbulence control to regularize or reduce the aero-optical distortions. A regularized aero-optical environment, in the vicinity of a
What History Can Teach Us About the Different Response to the Launch of Addyi Versus Viagra

Over the last 6 months since Addyi’s launch, there have been a few attempts to explain the reasons for the apparently limited number of prescriptions being written and filled for Addyi to date. Interestingly, despite the low number of prescriptions and paucity of new data available, there does continue to be intermittent professional articles and Internet communications that both discourage and encourage the use of Addyi based on their respective analyses of earlier efficacy and safety data. Both sides weigh in on issues of medicalization, pharmaceuticalization, commercialization, and the question of sexism versus science. But missing from most of the diatribes is another reason for Addyi’s very slow uptake by the medical community related to the regulatory approval process itself, economic, and political forces, and most importantly historical factors that help account for the differentiated response to Viagra and Addyi. Sexual healthcare professionals in particular who share a common belief in multilevel causality would be remiss in not recognizing the extremely important historical differences and circumstances surrounding the launch of Viagra by Pfizer in 1998 and the launch of Addyi by Sprout (currently owned by Valeant Pharmaceuticals) in October, 2015. Analysis of the 1998 Viagra launch found in “The History of Sexual Medicine” (APA’s Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology) provides enhanced perspective about Addyi’s less-than-meteoric introduction, particularly given the substantial media buzz and publicity that surrounded Addyi’s convoluted and controversial path through the FDA. It is critical to recognize that in 2015 there was no large backlog of women already using FDA-approved sexual medicine drugs to treat their “FSD,” as none had been previously approved for that purpose. Unlike Viagra, there was no preexisting audience for the drug who could choose to substitute a new medical drug therapy for a noxious pharmaceutical regimen they were already using. Unlike Pfizer in 1998, Sprout lacked broad existing company/physician/patient relationships. Furthermore, post-launch regulatory limitations on marketing and advertising of Addyi make it much less likely that women who believe they suffer from HSDD symptoms would not necessarily be aware that a new treatment was available nor how to be evaluated or how to obtain it. Finally, FDA imposed provider and distributor certification requirements have exacerbated the situation at least presently. None of the above negates the importance of a continued, but professional and thoughtful debate over what type of therapy is the most appropriate, safe, and efficacious treatment for women.