cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parallelizing Louvain Algorithm: Distributed Memory Challenges

Louvain algorithm is a well-known and efficient method for detecting communities or clusters in social and information networks (graphs). The emergence of large network data necessitates parallelization of this algorithms for high performance computing platforms. There exist several shared-memory based parallel algorithms for Louvain method. However, those algorithms do not scale to a large number of cores and large networks. Distributed memory systems are widely available nowadays, which offer a large number of processing nodes. However, the existing only MPI (message passing interface) based distributed-memory parallel implementation of Louvain algorithm has shown scalability to only 16 processors. In this paper, we implement both shared- and distributed-memory based parallel algorithms and identify issues that hinder scalability. In our shared-memory based algorithm using OpenMP, we get 4-fold speedup for several real-world networks. However, this speedup is limited only by the physical cores available to our system. We then design a distributed-memory based parallel algorithms using message passing interface. Our results demonstrate an scalability to a moderate number of processors. We also provide an empirical analysis that shows how communication overhead poses the most crucial threat for deisgning scalable parallel Louvain algorithm in a distributed-memory setting.
Accurate identification of pavement materials that are susceptible to moisture damage with the use of advanced conditioning and test methods and the use of machine learning techniques

In order to prevent premature failure in hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements due to moisture ingress, it is necessary to identify mixes that are susceptible to moisture damage during the mix design stage. The objective of this paper is to present a method that utilizes a conditioning process along with suitable destructive and nondestructive tests and machine learning techniques to accurately assess the moisture damage potential of HMA mixtures. The scope of work included conditioning with the Moisture Induced Stress Tester (MiST) and testing of a set of HMA mixes with known field performance, and analysis of the data using machine learning techniques. Input variables obtained from a destructive test, the indirect tensile strength test and a non-destructive test, the ultrasonic pulse velocity test, were used to identify the good and poor performing mixes. Various machine learning models were used and it was found that the Support Vector Machine and the Naive Bayes methods were able to classify the mixes with high accuracy. Use of indirect tensile strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity test and classification based machine learning technique are recommended for the development of accurate models and research in pavement engineering.
Late Development of a Large Arteriovenous Fistula with Aneurysm in an In Situ Vein Bypass Graft.

We report a case of saphenous vein bypass aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula in a 65-year-old man, 20 years after an in situ vein bypass for occlusive disease. He was found to have patent venous branches which kept the bypass open despite distal anastomotic occlusion. The saphenous vein was successfully excised without distal revascularization due to sufficient native arterial flow. This is the first reported case of aneurysmal degeneration of an in situ vein conduit with occluded distal anastomosis and patent venous side branches. Ultrasound surveillance is warranted for all bypass procedures, and early endovascular or open revisions can prevent late complications.
Genetic regulation of sex determination and maintenance in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Over the last several decades zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a major model organism for the study of vertebrate development and physiology. Given this, it may be surprising how little is known about the mechanism that zebrafish use to determine sex. While zebrafish are a gonochoristic species (having two sexes) that do not switch sex as adults, it was appreciated early on that sex ratios obtained from breeding lab domesticated lines were not typically a 1:1 ratio of male and female, suggesting that sex was not determined by a strict chromosomal mechanism. Here we will review the recent progress toward defining the genetic mechanism for sex determination in both wild and domesticated zebrafish.
Combined-modality therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in a remote setting: a case report.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by accumulation of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. The presentation is nonspecific but typically includes dyspnea; the spectrum of disease includes rapidly progressive hypoxic respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage (WLL) is the treatment of choice in symptomatic PAP, but transient worsening of oxygenation sometimes requires salvage modalities of support such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays a role in the pathophysiology of PAP. We highlight a case of severe PAP treated with exogenous GM-CSF and sequential lobar lavage due to the unavailability of salvage methods of oxygenation. A 36 year old female was admitted with fevers, chills, and progressive dyspnea. On presentation she was tachypneic, tachycardic, and hypoxemic; labs revealed leukocytosis and lactic acidosis. Chest CT identified diffuse ground glass opacities in a ‘crazy-paving’ pattern. Following intubation due to impending respiratory failure, bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. The lavage return stained positive with Periodic Acid Schiff, confirming the diagnosis of PAP. Continued deterioration necessitated treatment; however, at this geographically remote center without ECMO services WLL was judged to carry significant risk. Nebulized GM-CSF was administered without significant improvement. Subcutaneous GM-CSF was administered and isolated subsegmental lavages of the bilateral upper lobes were performed, with rapid improvement in oxygenation. Additional sequential lobar lavage and continued GM-CSF therapy as an outpatient resulted in complete resolution of oxygen requirement and return to normal pulmonary physiology. The autoimmune form of PAP is the most common, indicating that therapy with GM-CSF may play an important role for many patients. Treatment with WLL may be impractical in some clinical settings due to the expertise and salvage modalities required. Sequential lobar lavage requires less specialized expertise and may incur less risk of refractory hypoxemia. We posit that this combined-modality therapy is ideally suited to geographically-remote centers such as our own.
“Putting Blinders on”: Ethnic Minority Female PE Teachers’ Identity Struggles Negotiating Racialized Discourses

Background: Ethnic minority physical education teachers who work in predominantly White schools may face multiple forms of marginalization due to racialized discourses of White normativity. In addi...
Results-II. Haploinsufficiency of p53 Rescues Lifespan and Premature Aging-Associated Abnormalities in Sirt6-Deficient Mice

This chapter highlights the interplay between SIRT6 and p53, establishing p53 as a novel substrate for SIRT6-mediated deacetylation. It also illustrates upregulated p53 signaling as an underlying cause of premature mortality of SIRT6-deficient mice by the age of 4 weeks. This claim is further substantiated by the rescued lifespan and several other senescence-associated phenotypes in Sirt6-deficient mice by haploinsufficiency of p53 (Ghosh et al. in Elife 7:e32127, 2016 [1]).
Paraphernalia Laws, Criminalizing Possession and Distribution of Items Used to Consume Illicit Drugs, and Injection-Related Harm

The United States remains in the grip of an unprecedented epidemic of drug-related harm. Infections of HIV, hepatitis C, and endocarditis related to lack of access to new syringes and subsequent syringe sharing among people who inject drugs have increased alongside a surge in opioid overdose deaths.Overwhelming evidence shows that using a new syringe with every injection prevents injection-related blood-borne disease transmission. Additionally, there is promising research suggesting that the distribution of fentanyl test strips to people who inject drugs changes individuals' injection decisions, which enables safer drug use and reduces the risk of fatal overdose. However, laws prohibiting the possession of syringes and fentanyl test strips persist in nearly every state.The full and immediate repeal of state paraphernalia laws is both warranted and needed to reduce opioid overdose death and related harms. Such repeal would improve the health of people who inject drugs and those with whom they interact, reducing the spread of blood-borne disease and fatal overdose associated with infiltration of illicitly manufactured fentanyl into the illicit drug supply. It would also free up scarce public resources that could be redirected toward evidence-based approaches to reducing drug-related harm.
Abstract WP345: Feasibility of Monitoring Door in Door Out Times Across a 14 Hospital Telemedicine Supported Stroke System of Care

Background: Door-in-door-out time (DIDO) is an established driver of outcome in ischemic stroke patients who initially present to a Primay Stroke Center (PSC) and require transfer for endovascular ...
On the electrical conductivity of the oceanic lithosphere

Abstract Below the bottom of the sediments, the oceanic lithosphere is difficult to sound electromagnetically because the resistivity is high compared to over- and under-lying structures. There are three methods which can contribute information. 1. (1)|Magnetotelluric methods provide the impedance as a function of frequency for signals of sufficiently low frequency to penetrate through the ocean. In the deep sea the upper frequency limit is a few cph. 2. (2)|A quasi-static electric field can be measured at the ocean floor. The field is generated by charges built up by the motion of ocean water currents through the geomagnetic field. By providing a current path below the ocean, the lithospheric conductivity tends to reduce this field. In order to interpret the measurements, one needs to know the spatial character of the water motions. 3. (3)|An artificial EM source which transmits at frequencies near 1 Hz can be used at the ocean floor. Energy propagation through the lithosphere has been detected on the ocean floor to horizontal distances of 18 km. Detection is aided by the very low noise level at the high frequencies concerned. Estimates of the typical conductivity distribution throughout the ocean crust are given.
Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Infection

In spite of advances in its prevention and treatment, infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. While symptoms, signs, and abnormal laboratory tests may suggest infection, the diagnosis is not always obvious, and imaging tests often are used for confirmation and localization. Radiologic imaging such as X-rays, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasonography depicts structural alterations in tissues and organs that are caused by a combination of the infection itself and the host’s response to the infection. Molecular imaging procedures utilizing radiopharmaceuticals, such as labeled leukocytes, gallium, and fluorodeoxyglucose, reflect the physiological changes that are part of the inflammatory process. Currently, gallium-67 citrate imaging is used for differentiating interstitial nephritis from acute tubular necrosis and as a substitute for 18F-FDG for indications such as sarcoid, spondylodiscitis, and fever of unknown origin, when the latter is not available. In vitro labeled leukocyte imaging is the imaging test of choice for most infections in the immunocompetent population. Over the past two decades, 18F-FDG has established itself as the molecular imaging agent of choice for fever of unknown origin, vasculitis, sarcoid, and spondylodiscitis. This chapter reviews the role of these agents in the detection and localization of inflammation and infection.
Renovating Democracy: Governing in the Age of Globalization and Digital Capitalism

This volume consists of an interesting collection of essays that highlight some of the difficulties societies and political systems are facing as a result of growing globalization and rapid technol...
Artificial Intelligence Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Development from the 12-lead Electrocardiogram in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Introduction An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm that utilizes data contained within a single 12-lead ECG during normal sinus rhythm has recently shown to identify patients with occult AF. Patients with HFpEF frequently display AF in association with left atrial (LA) dysfunction. Hypothesis Patients with HFpEF and a higher probability of AF according to their AI-enabled ECG display more advanced LA remodeling and dysfunction, putting them at greater risk for AF development. Methods This retrospective cohort study includes 613 patients with definite HFpEF: 184 ambulatory patients diagnosed through invasive hemodynamic testing and 429 inpatients admitted because of decompensated HFpEF. A previously validated AI algorithm that predicts current AF risk based on ECG analysis was applied to estimate future AF risk during long-term follow-up, with patients grouped into quartiles of risk. Cardiac structure and function, as well as incident AF rates were compared. Results AI-predicted AF risk was 42% (14−69%) overall. Patients with higher risk were older, with more comorbidities, lower blood pressure, higher natriuretic peptide levels, greater conduction delays, a higher prevalence of pacing, and more frequent use of diuretics. In addition, underlying structural heart disease was more severe, with more pronounced left ventricular hypertrophy, larger LA volumes, lower LA reservoir and booster strain, higher cardiac filling pressures (confirmed through invasive measurements ambulatory patients), and more tricuspid regurgitation. Echocardiography images from a representative patient within each AF risk quartile are presented in the Figure. Invasive hemodynamic measurements in the ambulatory cohort showed additionally that patients with higher AI-predicted AF risk had lower cardiac output (10.01±2.85L/min and 6.94±2.49L/min in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively) and a higher pulmonary vascular resistance at peak effort (121±102dynes/s/cm−5 and220±133 dynes/s/cm−5 in the lowest and highest risk quartile, respectively). Over a median follow-up of 41months (11-71months), AI-predicted AF risk was associated with new-onset AF [HR(95%CI) = 1.31(1.20-1.41); p Conclusions An AI-risk score based upon a single 12-lead ECG reflects the severity of underlying LA myopathy in HFpEF and predicts new-onset AF. These data suggest that application of an AI-enabled ECG may be useful to identify patients with the AF/LA myopathy phenotype in HFpEF.
III. Detecting Treatment Effects in Clinical Trials With Different Indices of Pain Intensity Derived From Ecological Momentary Assessment.

Abstract Pain intensity represents the primary outcome in most pain clinical trials. Identifying methods to measure aspects of pain that are most sensitive to treatment may facilitate discovery of effective interventions. In this third of 3 articles examining alternative indices of pain intensity derived from ecological momentary assessments (EMA), we compare treatment effects based on Average Pain, Maximum Pain, Minimum Pain, Pain Variability, Time in High Pain, Time in Low Pain, and Pain After Wake-Up. We also examine which indices contribute to Patient Global Impressions of Change (PGIC). Data came from 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials examining the efficacy of milnacipran for fibromyalgia treatment; 2,084 patients provided >1 million EMA pain intensity ratings over 24 (Study 1) or 26 (Study 2) treatment weeks. Pain Variability and Time in High Pain produced significantly smaller treatment effects than Average Pain; other pain indices showed effects that were numerically smaller, but not significantly different from Average Pain. Changes in all pain indices were significantly associated with PGIC, with improvements in Maximum Pain and in Pain Variability offering small incremental contributions to understanding PGIC over Average Pain. Results suggest that different pain indices could be used to detect treatment effects in pain clinical trials. Perspective Alternative summary measures of pain intensity derived from EMA may broaden the scope of outcomes useful in pain clinical trials. In this analysis of a pharmacological treatment for fibromyalgia, most pain summary measures indicated similar effects; improvements in Maximum Pain and Pain Variability contributed to understanding PGIC over Average Pain.
A Signaled Locomotor Avoidance Action Is Fully Represented in the Neural Activity of the Midbrain Tegmentum.

Animals, including humans, readily learn to avoid harmful and threatening situations by moving in response to cues that predict the threat (e.g., fire alarm, traffic light). During a negatively reinforced sensory-guided locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled by a harmless conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts the threat. CaMKII-expressing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum area (PPT) of the midbrain locomotor region have been shown to play a critical role in the expression of this learned behavior, but the activity of these neurons during learned behavior is unknown. Using calcium imaging fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we show that PPT neurons sharply activate during presentation of the auditory CS that predicts the threat – before onset of avoidance movement. PPT neurons activate further during the succeeding CS-driven avoidance movement, or during the faster US-driven escape movement. PPT neuron activation was weak during slow spontaneous movements but correlated sharply with movement speed and, therefore, with the urgency of the behavior. Moreover, using optogenetics, we found that these neurons must discharge during the signaled avoidance interval for naive mice to effectively learn the active avoidance behavior. As an essential hub for signaled active avoidance, neurons in the midbrain tegmentum process the conditioned cue that predicts the threat and discharge sharply relative to the speed or apparent urgency of the avoidance (learned) and escape (innate) responses. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT During signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Using imaging methods in freely behaving mice, we found that the activity of neurons in a part of the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontime tegmentum, increases during the presentation of the innocuous sensory stimulus that predicts the threat and also during the expression of the learned behavior as mice move away to avoid the threat. In addition, inhibiting these neurons abolishes the ability of mice to learn the behavior. Thus, neurons in this part of the midbrain code and are essential for signaled active avoidance behavior.
Nephrology Referral Based on Laboratory Values, Kidney Failure Risk, or Both: A Study Using Veterans Affairs Health System Data

Rationale & objective Current guidelines for nephrology referral are based on laboratory criteria. We sought to evaluate whether nephrology referral patterns reflect current clinical practice guidelines and to estimate the change in referral volume if they were based on the estimated risk of kidney failure. Study design Observational cohort. Setting & participants Retrospective study of 399,644 veterans with chronic kidney disease (October 1, 2015 through September 30, 2016). Exposure Laboratory referral criteria based on Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense guidelines, categories of predicted risk for kidney failure using the Kidney Failure Risk Equation, and the combination of laboratory referral criteria and predicted risk. Outcome Number of patients identified for referral. Analytical approach We evaluated the number of patients who were referred and their predicted 2-year risk for kidney failure. For each exposure, we estimated the number of patients who would be identified for referral. Results There were 66,276 patients who met laboratory indications for referral. Among these patients, 11,752 (17.7%) were referred to nephrology in the following year. The median 2-year predicted risk of kidney failure was 1.5% (interquartile range, 0.3%-4.7%) among all patients meeting the laboratory referral criteria. If referrals were restricted to patients with a predicted risk of ≥1% in addition to laboratory indications, the potential referral volume would be reduced from 66,276 to 38,229 patients. If referrals were based on predicted risk alone, a 2-year risk threshold of 1% or higher would identify a similar number of patients (72,948) as laboratory-based criteria with median predicted risk of 2.3% (interquartile range, 1.4%-4.6%). Limitations Missing proteinuria measurements. Conclusions The current laboratory-based guidelines for nephrology referral identify patients who are, on average, at low risk for progression, most of whom are not referred. As an alternative, referral based on a 2-year kidney failure risk exceeding 1% would identify a similar number of patients but with a higher median risk of kidney failure.
Feasibility of a group play intervention in early childhood

Abstract Pretend play interventions are a promising medium to improve children's play skills and related areas of development. As pretend play occurs frequently during early childhood, an intervention at this time point may be especially beneficial. The current study evaluated the feasibility of a group-based play intervention to improve pretend play and emotional and behavioral functioning of 33 children (ages 4-8 years). In groups of 4-6 players, children received eight 20-30-minute sessions aimed at increasing imagination, organization, and affect expression in play. Pretend play skills at baseline were negatively related to parent-reported behavioral symptoms and externalizing problems and positively related to adaptive skills. After intervention, children's pretend play skills (imagination, organization, variety of affect) were significantly improved with medium to large effect sizes. Satisfaction with the intervention was high. This was the first evaluation of the group-based intervention in preschool-aged children. Implications of these promising results and future directions are discussed.
A layperson encounter, on the modified" RNA world."

A chance conversation with a nonscientist about the mRNA-COVID vaccines, conveyed here, reminded the author of our enduring responsibility to accurately portray science to the public.
Prevalence of postpartum depression among Hispanic immigrant women

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) among Hispanic immigrant women seeking healthcare services at a community health clinic. Data sources: Of the 116 Hispanic immigrant women recruited, 96 comprised the final sample. Using the Beck PDSS-Spanish version, participants were screened for symptoms of PPD. Conclusions: The prevalence of significant symptoms of PPD was 54.2% for the entire sample. Nearly 66% of women who screened positive for symptoms of PPD scored above the listed cutoff score for suicidal thoughts. Women were divided into four postpartum age groups from 2 to 48 weeks; rates of symptoms of PPD ranged from 50% to 60.9% among the groups. There were no statistically significant demographic predictors for PPD. Implications for practice: Given that a large number of Hispanic women do not return for postpartum appointments, along with the high rates of PPD symptoms, it is strongly recommended that healthcare providers implement universal screening for all Hispanic women in pregnancy and across the first postpartum year to ensure prompt diagnosis and culturally appropriate treatment. Further research is needed to assess the cultural components of PPD and to determine if the prevalence is consistent in other community settings.
Coulomb-nuclear interference effects in inelastic scattering of /sup 16/O from /sup 24/Mg

Elastic and inelastic scattering of $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ on $^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ was performed at incident energies between 20 and 42 MeV. The data are analyzed in terms of coupled channel calculations.
Chlamydia trachomatis-pneumonie kort na de geboorte Een voorbeeld van atypisch verlopende luchtweginfecties bij de neonaat

Infectie door Chlamydia trachomatis is de meest voorkomende seksueel overdraagbare aandoening. Maternale infectie tijdens de zwangerschap kan leiden tot prematuriteit en perinatale morbiditeit. Perinatale infectie leidt meestal tot neonatale conjunctivitis of pneumonie met een mild beloop, optredend enkele weken na de geboorte. Door intra-uteriene besmetting kunnen echter kort na de geboorte al respiratoire problemen optreden met een atypisch begin en een gecompliceerd beloop. In deze casus beschrijven wij een prematuur geboren neonaat met respiratoir falen ten gevolge van Chlamydia trachomatis-pneumonie. Tijdige diagnostiek naar atypische verwekkers en empirische behandeling zijn belangrijk bij neonaten met onverklaarde respiratoire problemen ter voorkoming van ernstige complicaties.
Intestinal Absorption of Hemoglobin Iron

The enhanced absorption of hemoglobin iron in iron deficiency was studied in iron-deficient and iron-loaded rats. Both groups were given 59Fe-labeled hemoglobin by gastric intubation and the radioactivity of each rat was measured in a whole body counter at 3 hr and at 9 days. In addition, 59Fe-labeled hemoglobin was instilled into closed duodenal loops of iron-deficient and iron-loaded rats. Three hours later radioactivity was measured in the duodenal washings and in the carcass and duodenum separately using a whole body counter. Radioactivity of hemoglobin and of heme in the washings were measured after separation by charcoal adsorption. Heme and radioiron split from heme were measured separately in homogenates of duodenum using a nonheme iron extraction method. The results indicated that: (1) iron-deficient rats absorb up to 20 times more iron from hemoglobin than do iron-loaded rats; (2) deferioxamine did not influence absorption of hemoglobin iron, indicating that iron split from hemoglobin intraluminally does not contribute significantly to absorption; (3) during the 3-hr closed loop study intraluminal splitting of heme from hemoglobin was the same in both groups, 2 times more heme entered iron deficient mucosa compared with the iron loaded, and, most importantly, 3 times as much iron was transported to carcass by iron deficient mucosa; (4) little, if any, heme was transported as such to the carcass. These results suggest a mucosal mechanism for absorption of hemoglobin iron as well as ionic iron and that the mechanism is enhanced in iron deficiency. The final step in absorption of hemoglobin iron, namely the transport of Fe++ from mucosal cell to plasma, may be rate limiting as it is for absorption of elemental iron. This suggests a common site for regulation of absorption of both elemental and hemoglobin iron.
Modeling and analysis of self-excited induction generator for wind energy conversion

Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIG) have recently emerged for wind energy conversion in remote and rural areas due to many advantages as standalone induction generator over Grid Connected Induction Generators. However, poor voltage and frequency regulation under varying load and speed is the prime disadvantage of standalone SEIG. Steady state analysis for such machines is important to understand their behavior under varying operating conditions. This paper presents a detailed d-q model of SEIG using Matlab/Simulink which contributes to the development of SEIG modeling with a limited complexity. From the generalized d-q model, the effect of different constraints such as, variation of prime mover speed, and excitation capacitor size, on the SEIG output built up process have been addressed and analyzed. The variation of the magnetizing inductance and the non-linearity is also considered.
Using Spammers' Computing Resources for Volunteer Computing

Spammers are continually looking to circumvent counter-measures seeking to slow them down. An immense amount of time and money is currently devoted to hiding spam, but not enough is devoted to effectively preventing it. One approach for preventing spam is to force the spammer’s machine to solve a computational problem of varying difficulty before granting access. The idea is that suspicious or problematic requests are given difficult problems to solve while legitimate requests are allowed through with minimal computation. Unfortunately, most systems that employ this model waste the computing resources being used, as they are directed towards solving cryptographic problems that provide no societal benefit. While systems such as reCAPTCHA and FoldIt have allowed users to contribute solutions to useful problems interactively, an analogous solution for non-interactive proofof-work does not exist. Towards this end, this paper describes MetaCAPTCHA and reBOINC, an infrastructure for supporting useful proof-of-work that is integrated into a web spam throttling service. The infrastructure dynamically issues CAPTCHAs and proof-of-work puzzles while ensuring that malicious users solve challenging puzzles. Additionally, it provides a framework that enables the computational resources of spammers to be redirected towards meaningful research. To validate the efficacy of our approach, prototype implementations based on OpenCV and BOINC are described that demonstrate the ability to harvest spammer’s resources for beneficial purposes.
Motif Writing: A Creative Tool

(1977). Motif Writing: A Creative Tool. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 60-63.
MarkIt: Community Play and Computation to Generate Rich Location Descriptions through a Mobile Phone Game

The capture and description of the numerous 'places' found in urban environments could enable the deployment of seamless mobile and location-aware social navigation tools. Unfortunately, we are limited in our approaches to systematically capture place data at the requisite level of granularity or how to obtain labeling consensus. We explored this issue through 'research through design', developing and deploying the MarkIt mobile phone game, which aimed to engage a community of users in place description. In this paper, we present our design rationale and the game's design. We then highlight how key innovations instantiated in MarkIt resulted in rapid data generation of both images and location related labels.
Preliminary Evaluation of Mixed Dyes for Fingerprinting Non-Fluorescent Bacteria

Abstract A rapid scanning fluorometer is used to obtain fluorescence spectral data characteristic of bacteria which do not readily produce fluorescent pigments. The data is generated in the form of an array of fluorescence intensity as a function of multiple excitation and emission wavelengths. Fluorescence spectral properties are introduced into the bacterial specimen using multiple dye mixtures for staining. The characteristic fluorescent fingerprints are believed to occur by preferential adsorption and reaction of bacterial cellular components with the individual dyes of the mixture. The procedure is found to be rapid and reproducible for the bacteria examined.
Tunneling spin injection into single layer graphene.

We achieve tunneling spin injection from Co into single layer graphene (SLG) using ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ seeded MgO barriers. A nonlocal magnetoresistance ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}_{\mathrm{NL}}$) of $130\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is observed at room temperature, which is the largest value observed in any material. Investigating $\ensuremath{\Delta}{R}_{\mathrm{NL}}$ vs SLG conductivity from the transparent to the tunneling contact regimes demonstrates the contrasting behaviors predicted by the drift-diffusion theory of spin transport. Furthermore, tunnel barriers reduce the contact-induced spin relaxation and are therefore important for future investigations of spin relaxation in graphene.
Redistribution of myosin during morphological reversion of Chinese hamster ovary cells induced by db-cAMP.

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, an established, transformed line, regain several morphological and growth properties characteristic of normal fibroblasts when treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP). Untreated cells are compact, poorly spread, and covered with dynamic surface blebs. db-cAMP reversibly induces the elongation and flattening of CHO cells, the disappearance of blebs, and the formation of stress fibers. We have used immunofluorescence with antibody to chicken gizzard myosin to demonstrate that myosin is present in the blebs of untreated cells and is incorporated into stress fibers following application of db-cAMP. An analysis of the kinetics of myosin redistribution after addition or removal of db-cAMP from CHO cells implies the existence of intermediates in the redistribution of myosin between blebs and stress fibers. In contrast to the rearrangement of myosin, immunofluorescence with antibody to tubulin demonstrates that db-cAMP does not strikingly alter the arrangement of microtubules in CHO cells. Both untreated and db-cAMP-treated cells contain similar arrays of curvilinear microtubules emanating from a perinuclear center. These findings suggest that the establishment of fibroblastic morphology in db-cAMP-treated CHO cells may be a consequence of the formation of myosin-containing stress fibers.
Health care access and advocacy for immigrant and other underserved elders.

Little is known about health care access and advocacy for elders of color, and even less is known about immigrant elders, whose growing number is the major reason that almost one of every three older persons in the U.S. by the year 2050 will be an elder of color. This paper explores a number of access barriers faced by underserved elders, including inequitable long-term care services and counterproductive "colorblind" approaches to caregiving. It also addresses barriers, such as problematic immigration policies, that present particular challenges to elderly immigrants. While available materials provide baseline information and help providers learn about underserved elders, real change in how target populations gain access to health and social services comes when providers make explicit efforts to improve the accessibility and quality of services.
D-C Machine Stray-Load-Loss Tests

Two test methods for the determination of stray load losses in d-c machines are described. Application of the loading-back principle permits measurements to a high degree of accuracy. A technique is developed for stabilizing no-load losses so that consistency of results is improved. Results of tests of several machines are presented, together with an analysis of the relation of loss to operating conditions of the machine.
Valuing the non-timber forest products in the Mediterranean region

Abstract The potential of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in the Mediterranean region as a source of livelihood and sustainable development has been widely recognized. Yet, surprisingly few efforts have been made to value them comprehensively. Valuation efforts usually focused on selected NTFPs traded on formal markets, at local level. This paper aims to provide comprehensive estimates of NTFPs benefits at national and regional level in the Mediterranean region. Six major groups of NTFPs are identified: firewood, cork, fodder, mushrooms, honey and other NTFPs. Valuation is based on a wide variety of techniques, drawing on official statistics, and supplemented by results of local surveys. It shows that at Mediterranean level, NTFPs provide annual benefits of about €39/ha of forests, accounting for about a fourth of the total economic value of forests estimated by this study. The average estimate for southern countries (€54/ha) is considerably higher than for northern (€41/ha) and eastern countries (€20/ha). The paper reveals the degree of importance of the main NTFPs benefits for the country groups and the region as a whole. It also discusses some reasons of concern when drawing policy tools for improving rural income and forest conservation in the Mediterranean.
Normal milk composition in lactating X-linked hypophosphatemic mice despite continued hypophosphatemia

Patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia and mice bearing theHyp gene have reduced renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and an osteomalacic bone disease. To test if altered phosphate transport also exists in the mammary glands, milk was analyzed from normal (n=9) and heterozygousHyp (n=8) mice 14 days after giving birth. Inorganic phosphate, total phosphate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were measured; percent cream, fat, water, and nonfat organic solids were measured; and protein was measured. No significant differences (NSD) were found except for greater sodium inHyp milk. There was also NSD in litter weight. The lactatingHyp had a lower body weight and remained hypophosphatemic relative to lactating normals, but both groups had higher plasma phosphate than nonlactating controls of the same genotype. The data suggest thatHyp mice can accumulate a normal amount of phosphate in their milk despite the plasma phosphate being two-thirds of normal. These data, with other recent reports of different organ systems, suggest that the altered phosphate transport activity may be restricted to the kidney.
Sensor management system architecture

Advances in capabilities of reconnaissance equipment such as sensors, tape recorders, and data links have dictated the need for a centralized manager of the airborne system. The sensor data management subsystem (SDMS) described performs the airborne sensor system management tasks while maintaining a flexible, scaleable, and modular architecture. These tasks include image data processing, auxiliary data processing, data compression, and data routing and packetizing as required to interfaces between sensors, tape recorders, data links, and cockpit displays. This architecture provides easy configuration of equipment to meet requirements for a variety of applications and sensor types. In addition, the architecture supports easy reconfiguration for a given application as sensors, tape recorders, etc. change.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mechanism of Sulfoxide Formation through Reaction of Sulfur Radical Cation Complexes with Superoxide or Hydroxide Ion in Oxygenated Aqueous Solution

We have characterized and quantified several pathways which transform aliphatic sulfur radical cations into sulfoxides in aqueous solution. Sulfur radical cations were produced photochemically via ...
Spatial dependence of ion energy and flux in r.f. magnetron codeposition of CdPbTe films

Abstract We use r.f.-driven Langmuir probe diagnostics to estimate the ion energy and flux incident during growth of metastable Cd x Pb 1− x Te films by r.f. magnetron codeposition from CdTe and PbTe targets (J.G. Cook, S.R. Das, D.J. Lockwood, J. P. McCaffrey and P. Y. Timbrell, Appl. Phys. Lett. , 56 (1990) 2430). The measurements are extended to a determination of the discharge parameters as a function of position between the targets. The results imply that the flux of ions incident on the substrate is quite sensitive to position, but their energy is not sensitive to position.
Shear Modulus Degradation in Fiber Reinforced Laminates

Matrix damage, involving transverse and shear cracks, is a common failure mode for composite structures, yet little is known concerning their interaction. A modified Iosipescu coupon is proposed to study the evolution of the shear and transverse damage and their mutual effects. The layup and coupon geometry were selected in a way that controls the severity of the damage and allows the measurement of shear and transverse stiffness degradation directly. The results were compared to material degradation models where damage was dominated by matrix failure. While positive agreement was generally observed in the transverse direction, no model was able to predict the observed shear damage. A new elasticity solution was, therefore, proposed for the shear stress-strain field of a transversely cracked laminate. The approach used a classical shear lag theory with friction applied to the crack surfaces. Using the constitutive relations, the shear modulus reduction was found as a function of crack density, and showed good agreement with experimental measures.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Critical and noncritical behavior of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition

The standard treatment of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii (KTB) transition is supplemented here by the inclusion of free-vortex screening effects. We obtain the high-density corrections to the KTB critical behavior. The size of the KTB critical region is extracted, and is found in most cases to be quite small. The tricritical point, separating second-order (KTB) phase transitions from first-order transitions, is also determined. We make predictions concerning similar KTB-like transitions, such as in the layered cuprate superconductors.
An Evaluation of UV-Monitoring Enhanced Skin Cancer Prevention among Farm Youth in Rural Virginia.

Background: Health districts in southwest Virginia have one of the highest ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and sunburn rate. Due to higher levels of UV exposure, rural farm youth are at higher risk for skin cancer than non-farm youth. Few studies have been published that explore best practices for decreasing UV exposure among this population. Purpose: This 5-week study assessed the effectiveness of a health promotion intervention including a UV monitoring device in decreasing UV exposure among youth. Methods: A mixed methods research design (focus groups and a pretest-posttest one-group design) set in rural southwest Virginia, long tied to the agricultural sector, was used. Youth ages 14 to 16 (93.5% white, 87.1% female) participated in the 4-unit (90-minute each) intervention based on the Health Belief Model (n = 31). It also incorporated a user-friendly UV monitoring device. Results: Participants' knowledge of factors related to skin cancer (p < .001), skin protection attitude (p < .05), and likel...
The NAD World: A New Systemic Regulatory Network for Metabolism and Aging—Sirt1, Systemic NAD Biosynthesis, and Their Importance

For the past several years, it has been demonstrated that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sirt1 and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt)-mediated systemic NAD biosynthesis together play a critical role in the regulation of metabolism and possibly aging in mammals. Based on our recent studies on these two critical components, we have developed a hypothesis of a novel systemic regulatory network, named “NAD World”, for mammalian aging. Conceptually, in the NAD World, systemic NAD biosynthesis mediated by intra- and extracellular Nampt functions as a driver that keeps up the pace of metabolism in multiple tissues/organs, and the NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirt1 serves as a universal mediator that executes metabolic effects in a tissue-dependent manner in response to changes in systemic NAD biosynthesis. This new concept of the NAD World provides important insights into a systemic regulatory mechanism that fundamentally connects metabolism and aging and also conveys the ideas of functional hierarchy and frailty for the regulation of metabolic robustness and aging in mammals.
Modified ICED-ALE method for astrogeophysical plasma flows

The Implicit-Continuous-Eulerian-Difference Mesh-Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ICED-ALE) algorithm of Brackbill and Pracht (1973) is modified for the study of astrophysical plasma flows in which dynamical effects are important. In the present study the general-energy-conservation law is directly applied to the iteration process, with the total (kinetic-, specific-internal-, and magnetic-) energy density being obtained implicitly at the end of the process. An example is computed in which the convergence speed of the latter method is substantially faster than that of the former. The initializing calculation, or explicit phase, in which the electric current density, magnetic diffusion of field, energy augmentation, and zero-order approximation of the flow velocity are given, is described. Consideration is given to the iteration process, or implicit phase, from which the exact Lagrangian solution for energy density, velocity, and a magnetic field is obtained.
Time evolution of coherent states

General conditions under which the states which are initially coherent remain coherent at all times are considered. It is also shown that the eigenvalues of the annihilation operator for interacting systems in general are not analytic signals.
A mechanism to explain the preservation of leaf litter lenses in coals derived from raised mires

Abstract Leaves and other non-woody canopy parts are rarely preserved in coals. Although the pH of pore waters within peat swamps is usually relatively low (≤3.5), providing geochemical conditions that would promote preservation after burial, shed canopy parts may remain at the air–soil interface for periods of up to several months prior to burial by additional organic detritus. Leaf half-life in tropical forests has been reported to range from several weeks to months, depending upon species histology. During this time of exposure on the forest floor, catabolic (internal enzymatic), fungal, bacterial and root degradation, as well as saprophagous scavenging, act upon the least resistant parts to promote decay into hemic and sapric macerals. It is unusual, then, to find well-preserved leaves in peats or coals. When such accumulations are encountered, either permineralized in coal balls or duripartically preserved in lignites, the bedded leaves generally are spatially isolated. Several explanations have been proposed to account for such fossil Lagerstatten that require temporal changes in accumulation or degradation rates. Neither of these mechanisms is required to account for such accumulations. Bedded leaves, showing minimal evidence of subaerial exposure and degradation, have been recovered at depth from a vibracore taken 1 km into the interior of a peat swamp in the Rajang River delta, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Evidence is provided to indicate that such accumulations form within peat substrate depressions resulting from the displacement of rootstocks as trees either die and fall over, or are blown down in severe storms. These localized, acidic water-filled pools act as a natural buffer to the degradation of fallen canopy parts that accumulate therein.
Embryogenesis of the gingival cyst

Abstract. The embryogenesis of gingival cysts derived from the dental lamina was studied histologically in paraffin prepared sections of 10 pairs of human fetal jaws and in individual celloidin sections of human fetal skulls. Cystic degeneration in the dental lamina was noted as early as 10 weeks in utero prior to the separation of the developing tooth bud. Rapid proliferation and growth of such cysts was seen in 15–20 week old embryos during the morphodifferentiation stage of tooth development after fragmentation of the lamina had occurred. Islands, strands and nests of dental lamina epithelium were dispersed into extraosseous locations and demonstrated historaorphologic characteristics similar to odontogenkally related epithelium seen in adult gingiva. Dental lamina epithelium appears to have a particular predisposition for cystic degeneration and is probably the source of other neoplasms and hamartomas seen in the gingiva.