cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maternal Diet Alters the Sensory Qualities of Human Milk and the Nursling's Behavior

Although the majority of human infants are breast-fed for the first few months of life, there is a paucity of information regarding the sensory qualities of human milk and how these qualities are affected by maternal diet. The present study investigated the effects of garlic ingestion by the mother on the odor of her breast milk and the suckling behavior of her infant. Evaluation of the milk samples by a sensory panel revealed garlic ingestion significantly and consistently increased the perceived intensity of the milk odor; this increase in odor intensity was not apparent 1 hour after ingestion, peaked in strength 2 hours after ingestion, and decreased thereafter. That the nursling detected these changes in mother's milk is suggested by the finding that infants were attached to the breast for longer periods of time and sucked more when the milk smelled like garlic. There was a tendency for infants to ingest more milk as well; the lack of a significant effect may be due to the inherent limitations on the total amount of milk available to the infant.
The Competitive Environment of the US Domestic Airline Industry in 2010

The competitive landscape of the U.S. domestic airlines dramatically changed when the industry was deregulated in 1978. While airline traffic and revenues grew exponentially, aided by unfettered market competition and resulting efficiency, airline profitability had mostly stayed lackluster due to cost pressures, chronic oversupply of seats, and intense price-based rivalry to fill seats. Thirty-two years into deregulation, the major airlines were still searching for the Holy Grail that would defend them against industry threats and deliver sustained profitability. This case describes the evolution of the U.S. domestic airline industry over the years, the cost pressures and revenue uncertainties airlines faced at the beginning of 2010, and the strategic options they were contemplating to effectively deal with these issues. The options ranged from shaping the industry structure to achieving differentiation through service offerings. The exact choices they made would determine their survival and long-term success.
Identity: Identity is More Than Meets the "I": The Power of Identity in Shaping Negotiation Behavior

In recent years, researchers have explored the concept of identity and its impact on negotiator behavior. Many negotiators assume that identity is fixed in time and context. This essay argues that in most situations, a negotiator's identity is fungible. Who we are depends in part upon with whom we interact. Therefore, with greater self-awareness, we can consciously change our identity in ways that improve our ability to reach wise negotiation outcomes in an efficient and effective way.
The CD44 family of cell adhesion molecules: Functional aspects

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the functional aspects of CD44 family of cell adhesion molecules. CD44 is a highly elongated molecule, which can be divided into three distinct regions: the N-terminal, middle, and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain is responsible for binding hyaluronan and is structurally similar to the link protein and core protein of cartilage, which can also bind hyaluronan. However, CD44 recognizes a six-sugar sequence of hyaluronan while the cartilage core protein recognizes a 10-sugar sequence. The middle domain of CD44 is responsible for the binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial cells of mucosal lymphoid tissue, a phenomenon which is blocked by an antibody (Hermes-3) directed against this region. This central domain is the site at which most of the structural variations occur among the different isoforms of CD44. The two most common isoforms are CD44H which is associated with hemopoietic tissue and CD44E which is associated with epithelial cells. The different isoforms differ both structurally and functionally—for example, cells transfected with the CD44H isoform can mediate the binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial cells, whereas cells transfected with the CD44E isoform lack this activity. Presumably, a structural change in the middle domain of CD44 alters its ability to interact with mucosal addressin.
A front end electronic design with sliding ADC channels and X-Y decoder for a position sensitive scintillator block array

This is an electronic design for a position sensitive detector system with a large array of crystal blocks (each block is composed of many crystals). The design goals are parts and space reduction. Each PMT has its fast amplifier and triggered integrator. Nine flash ADC, 3 adders, 2 EPROM and 10 program logic devices are used to determine the scintillation location for an array of 27 PMT and 784 crystals. The fast signals from one or more PMT clusters are summed. The fast summed signals are thresholded and sent to a GAL to determines the probable scintillation zone (several blocks) and to turn on the associated PMT integrators. After integration, the GAL also drives a set of ultra-fast analog switches to connect the flash ADC set (9 units) to the PMT integration channels in the scintillation zone. The 9 ADC output (integrated pulses with good photon statistics) are latched and compared. The comparator result determines which block in the probable zone is firing and the appropriate 4 ADC are selected and bused into a position decoder composed of 3 adders and a EPROM. The EPROM outputs the X-Y position along with the block-address. The circuit is pipelined and driven by a 250 MHz master clock. The maximum event-processing rate for the circuit and a random radiation source is 2/spl times/10/sup 6//sec (with 10:1 randomness allowance).
Gain-of-Function Mutants of p53 and Their Role in Tumourigenesis

The p53 gene is a tumour suppressor that is widely mutated in human cancers. Wild-type p53 plays a pivotal role in preventing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and maintaining the integrity of the cell. Cells that contain mutant p53, however, are unable to prevent this damage and, in fact, become more oncogenic. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53 has been shown to transactivate a number of genes that are part of cell growth and survival pathways and cause an increase in tumourigenicity. Knockin and transgenic mouse models have been utilised to explore the GOF phenotype of mutant p53. Currently, p53 cannot be targeted for cancer therapy, but recent studies have demonstrated the ability to reduce tumourigenicity in lung cancer cells addicted to their endogenous GOF mutant p53. Key Concepts: The p53 gene is the most frequently mutated tumour suppressor gene in cancer. WT p53 plays an active role in the cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, and can function as a transcriptional activator. A wide array of functions of WT p53 are dependent on its transcriptional ability. Gain-of-function mutations are characterised by loss of the wild-type tumour suppressor functions of p53 as well as gain of new oncogenic functions. Several groups have utilized mouse models to study mutant p53 gain of function in cancer. Keywords: mutant; p53; transactivation; oncogenesis; gain of function
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Spectralis and Cirrus Reference Databases in Differentiating between Healthy and Early Glaucoma Eyes

Purpose To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of global and sector analyses for detection of early visual field (VF) damage using the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reference databases of the Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) devices. Methods Healthy subjects and glaucoma suspects from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study (DIGS) and African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study (ADAGES) with at least 2 years of follow-up were included. Global and sectoral RNFL measures were classified as within normal limits, borderline (BL), and outside normal limits (ONL) on the basis of the device reference databases. The sensitivity of ONL classification was estimated in glaucoma suspect eyes that developed repeatable VF damage. Results A total of 353 glaucoma suspect eyes and 279 healthy eyes were included. A total of 34 (9.6%) of the glaucoma suspect eyes developed VF damage. In glaucoma suspect eyes, Spectralis and Cirrus ONL classification was present in 47 eyes (13.3%) and 24 eyes (6.8%), respectively. The sensitivity of the global RNFL ONL classification among eyes that developed VF damage was 23.5% for Cirrus and 32.4% for Spectralis. The specificity of within-normal-limits global classification in healthy eyes was 100% for Cirrus and 99.6% for Spectralis. There was moderate to substantial agreement between Cirrus and Spectralis classification as ONL. Conclusions The Spectralis and Cirrus reference databases have a high specificity for identifying healthy eyes and good agreement for detection of eyes with early glaucoma damage.
Choosing priors for an important class of signal processing problems

Proper choice of prior distributions is a very important issue in Bayesian methodology. It is particularly important when the number of available data for processing is rather small. When little is known a priori, noninformative priors are usually employed. A well known approach for determining noninformative priors is Jeffreys' rule, which practically provides meaningful and locally uniform priors of the unknowns. In this paper, we carefully follow Jeffreys' rule to determine noninformative priors for an important class of signal processing problems that involve frequency estimation and DOA estimation. Cases of one and two signals are discussed in detail. Their analysis is also extended to include more general scenarios.
Carbon dioxide laser vascular welding of medium diameter (4 to 9 mm) canine vessels

This article reviews our laboratory's experience in the field of vascular welding using the milliwatt CO 2 laser to repair 4-mm to 9-mm canine vessels. Previous work in arterial anastomosis and intraluminal welding is presented. A preliminary study in the area of venous laser-assisted anastomosis is presented in detail. A limited discussion of the field will emphasize what we know and what still must be learned.
Large Seebeck coefficients and thermoelectric power factor of La-doped SrTiO3 thin films

Seebeck coefficients and conductivity of La-doped SrTiO3 thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy were measured as a function of carrier concentration. At low carrier concentrations, thin films show very high Seebeck coefficients (up to 980 μV K−1). The maximum thermoelectric power factor was 39 μWcm−1 K−2 at a carrier concentration of 7×1020 cm−3. La-delta-doped superlattices were also characterized and exhibited Seebeck coefficients of ∼500 μV K−1. The results are discussed in the context of reports of enhanced Seebeck coefficients in delta-doped SrTiO3 superlattices.
O-Alkylation of N-Phenylhydroxylamine in Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Methylarenesulfonates

The methylation of N-phenylhydroxylamine (NPHA) with methylarenesulfonates in DMSO gives alkylation of the O atom in contrast to methylation in methanol where N alkylation occurs. The Hammett ρ values indicate that alkylations with N-methylanilines and NPHAs both involve the N atom. The NPHAs show “nominal α-effects” but involve comparison of N atoms with O atoms. The reactivity of the principle component, the zwitterion I, is examined with leaving group studies and comparison with benzyl alkoxide reactivity.
Evolution, selection and cognition: From “learning” to parameter setting in biology and in the study of language

Abstract Most biologists and some cognitive scientists have independently reached the conclusion that there is no such thing as learning in the traditional “instructive” sense. This is, admittedly, a somewhat extreme thesis, but I defend it herein the light of data and theories jointly extracted from biology, especially from evolutionary theory and immunology, and from modern generative grammar. I also point out that the general demise of learning is uncontroversial in the biological sciences, while a similar consensus has not yet been reached in psychology and in linguistics at large. Since many arguments presently offered in defense of learning and in defense of “general intelligence” are often based on a distorted picture of human biological evolution, I devote some sections of this paper to a critique of “adaptationism,” providing also a sketch of a better evolutionary theory (one based on “exaptation”). Moreover, since certain standard arguments presented today as “knock-down” in psychology, in linguistics and in artificial intelligence are a perfect replica of those once voiced
Estimating groundwater recharge

[1] Groundwater recharge is the entry of fresh water into the saturated portion of the subsurface part of the hydrologic cycle, the modifier “saturated” indicating that the pressure of the pore water is greater than atmospheric. Briefly stated, recharge is downward flux across the water table. The term “groundwater recharge” can refer either to the multiple interacting processes generating and controlling the flux or to the fluxR itself. When referring to flux, R can represent either (1) a value integrated over large areas and long periods of time or (2) a point value, or instantaneous flux density, that varies erratically as well as continuously in time and space. Knowing how R is distributed through space and time is required for understanding the dynamics of groundwater flow and transport in any watershed, aquifer, or selected domain of interest and for understanding heads, flow paths, and discharges to streams, wetlands, and other surface water bodies. Clearly among the most important of hydrologic fluxes, R is also one of the most difficult to measure. Advancements in hydrologic science have proceeded surprisingly in lockstep with advances in determining R.
Effect of Manifold Design on Flow Distribution in Parallel Micro-Channels

Gas or liquid flow in multiple, parallel micro-channels is of interest for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) cooling applications. The published data for friction in 10-to-400μm hydraulic diameter, single micro-channels show good agreement with the conventional equations in the laminar and turbulent regimes. However, investigators of flow in multiple, parallel micro-channels in the same range of channel sizes report significantly different results. They report significant disagreement with the conventional equations and argue that transition occurs at Reynolds numbers as small as 200, dependent on the channel shape. This paper proposes that the apparent discrepancies of friction in multiple micro-channels can be attributed to flow mal-distribution. Flow mal-distribution is expected in multi-channels, because of manufacturing tolerances and poor manifold design. It can be minimized by proper header design and better manufacturing tolerances.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Temperature and heat production patterns inside organism clusters

Clustering of organisms under cold air temperature conditions is modelled with a finite-difference method. Metabolic functions of temperature are used to simulate completely ectothermic, completely endothermic, and other organisms. To adequately match real conditions, the core temperature is kept constant at a high level, while the periphery of the organism cluster is assigned a lower temperature representing the cold conditions under which clustering is observed for organisms. The numerical model reasonably predicts the observed temperature distribution in honeybee clusters. The results do not support suggestions that organisms could overheat in the core of a cluster if they do not use thermoregulatory mechanisms to cool down. Endothermic organisms are not as efficient as ectothermic ones in heating a cluster core temperature to a given level. The general ectothermic metabolic rate function exhibited one of the highest efficiencies for heating the cluster.
Ultrastructural analysis of left ventricular hypertrophy in rabbits.

Ultrastructural changes resulting from gradual aortic constriction were quantitated in a model for cardiac hypertrophy. Gradual aortic stenosis was produced in rabbits by swelling of an Ameroid clip. Ultrastructural, biochemical and physiological changes were observed for each heart. The ultrastructure of mitochondria in hypertrophied but non-failing hearts was normal. The respiratory activity of mitochondria isolated from these same hearts was increased. Profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes, widening of Z bands and distortions of intercalated discs were observed in hypertrophied hearts and were interpreted as evidence of synthesis of new functional components. However, different cell components increased disproportionately. Morphometric analysis revealed significant decreases in mitochondrial fractional volume (0.35 ± 0.01, P < 0.001) and mitochondria/myofibril ratios (0.59 < 0.02, P < 0.001). The results suggest that increased work load may induce a further deleterious change in the ratio between mitochondrial units and myofibril units with may lead to decompensation and failure. The ultrastructural changes observed in this model may be of interest since the model closely mimics the gradual onset of the hypertrophic response in humans.
The narcoleptic approach paradigm (NAP) for the direct study of dreams and dream sleep functions.

A new sleep research paradigm, the Narcoleptic Approach Paradigm (NAP), was developed to enable direct psychological and physiological investigations of isolated dream sleep (also called rapid eye movement or REM sleep) and nondream sleep (non-REM or NREM). Essential to NAP is the cooperation of individuals with narcolepsy, who fequently have REM sleep onset. Narcoleptic animals may also be used for more convenient and extensive physiological NAP investigations. Several cogent psychological and physiological design variations of the general NAP model are outlined and one investigation successfully utilizing NAP is described to illustrate its power, sensitivity and broad use in neuroscientific sleep research.
Random and systematic error as a function of sample area in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data

Abstract The goal of this study was the evaluation of random and systematic error sources in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements that originate from the EIS equipment and measurement protocol in contrast to errors related to the coating/metal system. By using well-defined, homogeneous, and defect-free polyvinylfluoride (Tedlar ® ) release films, highly reproducible EIS spectra could be obtained. Thus, it was thus possible to study data variability originating from the EIS measurement procedure while keeping the film/metal system constant. Parameters gained from EIS spectra such as film resistivity, dielectric constant and exponent n of the non-ideal capacitance were evaluated as a function of sample area and compared to reference material properties. For larger sample sizes the values obtained by EIS experiments correlated well with the reference values, validating the EIS technique for the determination of absolute values for electrical properties of coatings. However, to obtain an accurate value for film resistivity and relative dielectric constant, a sample area of at least 11.4 cm 2 was necessary to avoid the introduction of measurement artifacts. The implications of the findings for corrosion testing with small sample areas (e.g., as used in high-throughput corrosion testing) are discussed.
The distribution of cationized ferritin receptors on ciliated epithelial cells of rat trachea

Abstract The interaction of tracheal cilia with the biphasic mucus layer covering the surface of the mammalian respiratory tract may be influenced by many cell surface coat components including those having an overall negative charge. In order to assess the distribution of ciliary anionic sites, cationized ferritin (CF) was used to label the surface of rat tracheal epithelium. If pieces of trachea were fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde and treated with CF at low (L) (0·08 mg/ml), medium (M) (0·32 mg/ml PBS), or high (H) (0·64 mg/ml PBS) concentrations, the label was distributed evenly over the entire external surface of the ciliary membrane at all concentrations. Unfixed tracheal tissue was also treated with L, M, and H CF for 1 or 5 min at 4°C in order to minimize lateral redistribution of CF receptors. To ensure accessibility of the cell surface to CF the samples were agitated thoroughly during exposure. Exposure for 1 min to L, M, and H CF resulted in a light binding of ferritin particles on all portions of the ciliary membrane with occasional areas of multilayered binding distributed randomly on the ciliary shaft. When unfixed trachea was treated with CF for 5 min at 4°C, CF binding was similar except heavier and more uniform. In no instance was there any preferential binding of CF to the ciliary tips at any of the concentrations used. Moreover, as indicated by the CF binding pattern at L concentrations, high density negative charges are present over almost the entire surface of the cilium. These results suggest that, unlike the ciliary membrane of other organs such as oviduct, negatively charged cell surface coat molecules are present on all areas of the ciliary membrane of rat tracheal epithelia.
Circuit design implications for silicon photonics

Silicon photonics offers potentially enormous interchip bandwidth density. We discuss several circuit design issues, often overlooked, central to their implementation: thermal stability/control, DC-tracking, circuit calibration, and loss optimization, and how they affect system considerations.
Cineradiographic circle unit for analysis of the temporomandibular joint

Abstract A circle x-ray apparatus for analysis of the temporomandibular joint has been described. The patient remains in a natural sitting position while the x-ray tube and recording devices are rotated about him for the desired angulation. A sound motion picture camera facing the patient records programmed instructions by investigators and the orofacial response of the patient. This frontal camera is synchronized to the high-speed (64 to 400 frames per second) cineradiographic camera on the circle unit and to the oscillographic recorder in the electromyographic laboratory. Thus, with this unit, one can now simultaneously record three parameters of mandibular movements for a better physiologic understanding of the “working role” of the temporomandibular articulation.
Inclusive Inquiry Science Using Peer-Mediated Embedded Instruction for Students with Moderate Intellectual Disability:

There has been limited research on the acquisition of grade-aligned science skills for students with moderate intellectual disability, with even more restriction on academic skills in inclusive settings. This study examined the effects of peer-mediated time-delay instruction to teach inquiry science and use of a knowledge chart to students with moderate intellectual disability in an inclusive setting. Six general education peers implemented an embedded constant time-delay procedure during three science units with 5 students with moderate intellectual disability. All 5 students increased the number of correct science responses across all science units. Three students required additional support by the special education teacher to reach mastery. In addition, all 6 peers were able to implement the intervention with high fidelity, while maintaining science grades at preintervention levels. High levels of social validity were reported.
Teaching and Technique in Dance Medicine and Science: A Descriptive Study with Implications for Dance Educators

Abstract The scientific basis of human movement has been studied by dance students, teachers, and researchers in the United States since Margaret H'Doubler established the first dance major at the University of Wisconsin in 1926. Since then, students, faculty, practitioners, and researchers have applied a scientific line of inquiry toward dance movement and training. In the 1980s, medical practitioners and researchers involved with dance populations joined this scientific approach movement. This article is a descriptive study that catalogs and details peer-reviewed articles under the topic headings of teaching and technique. With 229 listed publications, teaching and technique are popular topics. This study delimits analysis of these publications to those in peer-reviewed journals, narrowing the field to 59 articles. In this study, research was organized three ways: 1. by the type of research (descriptive studies, analytical studies, experimental studies), 2. by the identification of interests (area of in...
Early laryngeal inhalation injury and its correlation with late sequelae.

Objective: Inhalation injury can permanently alter normal laryngeal function. The aim of this study was to examine the early changes in voice, swallowing, and breathing in laryngeal inhalation injuries. Study Design: This was a prospective analysis of nine patients with inhalation injuries at a tertiary care institution. Methods: Laryngeal function of patients admitted for inhalation injury requiring intubation was documented using videostroboscopy and swallowing evaluation by the speech pathology service. Bronchoscopy was used to classify the degree of inhalation injury. Association among total body surface area, facial burns, severity of laryngotracheal injuries, and loss of function was attempted. Results: All three patients with severe tracheal inhalation injury presented persistent hoarseness at 1-year follow up with abnormal videostroboscopy findings. No association was found between inhalation injury and total body surface area burned. None of the patients in this series presented permanent swallowing dysfunction. Conclusion: The otolaryngologist plays an important role in the initial and long-term management of inhalation injuries. Inhalation injuries should be managed in a multidisciplinary fashion. There may be a correlation between the degree of tracheal injury and laryngeal injury and hoarseness.
Microwave-induced rapid synthesis of 4-carbethoxyhexafluorobutyryl derivatives of fatty alcohols —a novel derivative for gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometric study

Abstract Structural analyses of fatty alcohols are usually performed as acetate, trifluoroacetate or trimethylsilyl derivatives which produce characteristic molecular ions at m/z
Suppression of the temperature-sensitive phenotype of a mutant of reovirus type 3

A revertant of a reovirus group A temperature-sensitive mutant was crossed with wild type. More than 50 percent of the progeny were temperature sensitive. In all of the temperature-sensitive progeny examined by recombination tests, the temperature-sensitive lesion was in group A. The results indicate that the revertant was phenotypically suppressed.
High yield of secondary B-side electron transfer in mutant Rhodobacter capsulatus reaction centers.

Abstract From the crystal structures of reaction centers (RCs) from purple photosynthetic bacteria, two pathways for electron transfer (ET) are apparent but only one pathway (the A side) operates in the native protein-cofactor complex. Partial activation of the B-side pathway has unveiled the true inefficiencies of ET processes on that side in comparison to analogous reactions on the A side. Of significance are the relative rate constants for forward ET and the competing charge recombination reactions. On the B side, these rate constants are nearly equal for the secondary charge-separation step (ET from bacteriopheophytin to quinone), relegating the yield of this process to
GreenTV: A project-based learning module on sustainable electronics

Electronic and electrical devices have become key parts of modern society and their rapid and global proliferation improves quality of life in both developed and developing countries. However, the current patterns of design, manufacturing, use, and disposal of these devices are far from sustainable, and to date there are only limited educational efforts on preparing next generation engineers to change these patterns. This paper reports an effort at Purdue University to develop project-based course modules on sustainable electronics. Interdisciplinary student teams were formed to work on sustainability issues related to flat panel displays under the supervision of faculty from material engineering, mechanical engineering, and anthropology. Selected project topics include disassembly of LCD and plasma TVs, e-waste recycling and material availability, life cycle analysis of biopolymers for electronics, and people and cultural issues. Students involved in the course module developed deem this as a very interesting learning experience and are working to develop a YouTube video for outreach to general public. Future efforts include adding an international component to the module.
On the economics of agricultural production

Agriculture is in the business of using ecosystem services to produce food. Examining how agro-ecosystems function provides useful insights into the economics of agriculture. Of special interest are the presence and nature of scale effects, complementarity effects and convexity effects in ecosystem functioning. Implications for agricultural productivity and the economics of agriculture are evaluated. At the farm level, this helps to better understand the current trend toward greater specialisation. Current challenges for agricultural contracts, markets and policy are explored.
Clustering of Procoagulation, Inflammation, and Fibrinolysis Variables with Metabolic Factors in Insulin Resistance Syndrome

The known metabolic cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) do not adequately explain the excess cardiovascular disease risk attributed to this syndrome, and abnormalities in hemostatic variables may contribute to this excess risk. Using data from 322 nondiabetic elderly men and women (aged 65-100 years) participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study during 1989-1990, the authors performed factor analysis on 10 metabolic risk factors associated with IRS and 11 procoagulation, inflammation, and fibrinolysis variables to examine the clustering of the metabolic and hemostatic risk markers. Factor analysis of the metabolic variables confirmed four uncorrelated factors: body mass, insulin/glucose, lipids, and blood pressure. Adding the hemostatic variables yielded three new factors interpreted as inflammation, vitamin K-dependent proteins, and procoagulant activity. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 clustered with the body mass factor, supporting the hypothesis that obesity is related to impaired fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen clustered with the inflammation summary factor rather than procoagulant activity, supporting the position that fibrinogen principally reflects underlying inflammation rather than procoagulant potential. The authors conclude that should hemostatic variables be shown to contribute to IRS-related cardiovascular disease, apart from plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, they may do so independently of the established metabolic abnormalities. Am J Epidemiol 2000;152:897-907.
Inter-seasonal variability in baseflow recession rates: The role of aquifer antecedent storage in central California watersheds

Baseflow recession rates vary inter-seasonally in many watersheds. This variability is generally associated with changes in evapotranspiration; however, an additional and less studied control over inter-seasonal baseflow recession rates is the effect of aquifer antecedent storage. Understanding the role of aquifer antecedent storage on baseflow recession rates is crucial for Mediterranean-climate regions, where seasonal asynchronicity of precipitation and energy levels produces large inter-seasonal differences in aquifer storage. The primary objective of this study was to elucidate the relation between aquifer antecedent storage and baseflow recession rates in four central California watersheds using antecedent streamflow as a surrogate for watershed storage. In addition, a parsimonious storage–discharge model consisting of two nonlinear stores in parallel was developed as a heuristic tool for interpreting the empirical results and providing insight into how inter-seasonal changes in aquifer antecedent storage may affect baseflow recession rates. Antecedent streamflow cumulated from the beginning of the wateryear was found to be the strongest predictor of baseflow recession rates, indicating that inter-seasonal differences in aquifer storage are a key control on baseflow recession rates in California watersheds. Baseflow recession rates and antecedent streamflow exhibited a negative power-law relation, with baseflow recession rates decreasing by up to two orders of magnitude as antecedent streamflow levels increased. Inference based on the storage–discharge model indicated that the dominant source of recession flow shifted from small, rapid response aquifers at the beginning of the wet season to large, seasonal aquifers as the wet season progressed. Aquifer antecedent storage in California watersheds should be accounted for along with evapotranspiration when characterizing baseflow recession rates.
Induction and subcellular localization of protein kinase C isozymes following renal ischemia

Induction and subcellular localization of protein kinase C isozymes following renal ischemia. Background We have previously reported that the expression of the receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1) is induced post-ischemia/preperfusion injury to the kidney, and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) protects renal cells from hypoxic injury. This study was done to determine whether the induced expression of RACK1 is accompanied by changes in the level of expression and subcellular distribution of PKC isozymes. Methods Ischemia/reperfusion injury resulting in acute renal failure was induced by 60 minutes of bilateral renal artery clamping in rats. The expression levels and translocation of various PKC isozymes between soluble and particulate fractions in whole kidney homogenates were demonstrated by immunoblot analysis. The expression pattern of the various PKC isozymes in the kidney postinjury was performed by immunohistochemistry. Results PKC α, βII, and ζ were induced and translocated from the soluble fraction to the particulate fraction post-injury. Immunolocalization showed PKC α, βII, and ζ expression to be induced in the proximal tubule epithelial cell (PTEC) at 0 to 30 minutes post-ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). At one-day postinjury, the α isozyme was translocated to the plasma membrane of the undamaged PTEC, while it was translocated to the nucleus in damaged PTEC. PKC βII expression was along the basal and lateral side of the undamaged PTEC, while it was distributed in the cytoplasm of sloughed cells in the damaged PTEC. PKC ζ expression at one day was along the apical side of the damaged PTEC. At seven-days postinjury, the expressions of the α and ζ isozymes were localized to the plasma membrane of the regenerating PTEC and the expression of PKC βII isozyme to certain interstitial cells. Conclusion The induced expression, translocation, and the intracellular spatial distributions of the enzymes suggest that they may mediate multiple processes during IRI.
Influence of temperature on nonenzymatic hydrolysis of P‐nitrophenyl phosphate in soil

Abstract Nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate, p‐nitrophenylphos‐phate used for detection of phosphomonesterase activity in soil, was found to occur. The nonenzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate was temperature dependent; the higher the assay temperature, the greater the amount of hydrolysis. Modifications of the method for determining soil phosphomonesterase are suggested in order to alleviate potential overestimation of phosphomonoesterase activity in soil.
Cloning and sequencing of cDNA encoding bovine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor I

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a multipotent cytokine produced by activated macrophages and lymphocytes and its activity is mediated by specific cell surface receptors, TNF-RI and TNF-RII. We have isolated and analyzed a cDNA encoding bovine TNF-RI gene and compared it with known TNF-RI sequences from other species. The cDNA sequence for the coding region of bovine TNF-RI shows 80% homology with porcine TNF-RI and 77% with human TNF-RI. The cDNA sequence of bovine TNF-RI codes for 471 amino acids and shows 75% and 67% identity with the amino acid sequences of porcine TNF-RI and human TNF-RI, respectively. The predicted bovine TNF-RI amino acid sequence consists of a signal peptide, an extracellular domain, a transmembrane region and a cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular region contains four repeated cysteine rich domains, which are conserved in all species. Northern blot results show that bovine TNF-RI gene is expressed in neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes.
The necessityfor monitoring chloramphenicol levels when treating neonatal meningitis

Chloramphenicol can be an effective agent in the treatment of ampicillin-resistant E. coli meningitis due to susceptible organisms in the premature or term infant. However, it can be used safely and effectively only if careful monitoring of serum levels is undertaken.
Social-Cognitive Aspects of Identity Style: Need for Cognition, Experiential Openness, and Introspection.

This investigation examined the relationship between identity style and various social-cognitive dispositions: need for cognition, openness to experience, and introspection. Identity style refers to the manner in which individuals characteristically process self-relevant information, solve personal problems, and negotiate identity issues. A maximum likelihood factor analysis indicated that self-reported use of a cogitative information-oriented style loaded on two factors. One was marked by information-seeking variables, the other by self-reflective tendencies. A normative style loaded negatively on a bipolarfactor defined by openness to values and actions, suggesting that norm-oriented itndividuals tend to protect themselves from potentially dissonant experience and information. Reported use of a diffuse/avoidant style was associated with a heightened emphasis on a social identity, indicating a reliance on immediate social reinforcements. Results are discussed in terms of a process model of identity forma...
Left Upper Quadrant Increased Uptake in Bone Imaging

A 42-YEAR-OLD female with right hilar bronchogenic carcinoma was receiving chemotherapy. Her serum calcium appeared to be 16.2 mg/dl. Chest radiographs showed that her peripheral lung fields were clear. A 99mTCMDP bone image obtained for metastatic workup revealed diffuse increased uptake in the upper halves of both lungs and in the stomach (Fig. 1) which was thought to be caused by microscopic calcium deposition in the pulmonary parenchyma and the submucosa of the stomach secondary to hypercalcemia. On a follow-up bone image (not shown) after her hypercalcemia responded to treatment, the uptake in her lungs and stomach both decreased significantly. Common: Left Lower Ribs (1) Metastatic or primary bone tumor 1 (2) Trauma 1 (3) Infection l (4) Paget's disease I
RUNAWAYS: JURISDICTION, DYNAMICS, AND TREATMENT

New research indicates more clearly than ever that running away from home is indeed a family affair. Understood as such, the implications for society's jurisdictional response and for effective treatment planning are deep and far-reaching. The “status offender” legal jurisdiction over runaways needs to be changed and new alternatives for dealing with runaways and their families developed. The planning and implementation of these alternatives need to be informed with the perspectives of a family therapeutic approach sensitive to the intergenerational forces of loyalty, legacy, and trust operating within families.
SU‐FF‐T‐25: Cervix Brachytherapy Dosimetry: Observed Improvement in Data Submitted to Clinical Trials

Purpose: For over 40 years, the Radiological Physics Center (RPC) has reviewed the completeness, consistency with protocols, and the dosimetric accuracy of data submitted for cervix patients treated with brachytherapy on national clinical trials. In 2005 the RPC presented data which showed that 65% of cervix patients placed on study had one or more dosimetry errors in at least one of their implants. This study was conducted to determine if brachytherapydosimetry has improved in the last 4 years. Methods & Materials: In the last 4 years the RPC has reviewed 695 HDR and LDR implants. Independent dose calculations were performed at points A, B, vaginal surface, bladder and rectum as defined by the protocol in accordance with ICRU‐38. The vaginal surface dose was defined as a point lateral to the center of the source (s) at 0.5cm from the surface of the ovoid. RPC doses were compared to the institution's reported doses.Results: From 2005 to 2009 the RPC has determined that dosimetry errors have decreased by 50%. Most remaining errors result from incorrectly defining calculation points. However the use of CT has created some new issues due to the manipulation of the CTimages when visualizing the tandem. Conclusion: The decrease in dosimetry errors is due to several different aspects: increase in rapid reviews, more timely reviews of patients and better communication with an institution when discrepancies are discovered. This work was supported by PHS grant CA 10953 awarded by NCI, DHHS
Alternative splicing: regulation without regulators.

Alternative splicing is typically thought to be controlled by RNA binding proteins that modulate the activity of the spliceosome. A new study not only demonstrates that alternative splicing can be regulated without the involvement of auxiliary splicing factors, but also provides mechanistic insight into how this can occur.
The proximal promoter region is essential for lipopolysaccharide induction and cyclic AMP inhibition of mouse tumor necrosis factor-α

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces a rapid and transient increase in transcription of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene in cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. This study examines the role of potential regulatory elements within the proximal promoter region of the mouse TNF-alpha gene in LPS induction and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-mediated inhibition of TNF-alpha in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Transfection of proximal promoter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs demonstrated that this region is LPS inducible in murine RAW 264.7 cells, with a 5.9-fold increase over nonstimulated transfectants. Site-specific mutations of the ETS, activated protein-1 (AP-1)/cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-like, or NF-kappaB-like motifs within this region caused a reduction in the LPS response by 52%, 46%, and 51%, respectively. LPS induction of the proximal promoter-CAT reporter construct was reduced by >40% by the addition of 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP). To determine the role of the proximal promoter region in the context of the entire TNF-alpha gene, we produced a hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged genomic TNF-alpha construct that contains a deletion of the proximal promoter region. Transfection of this construct into RAW 264.7 cells demonstrated a decrease in LPS-induced transcripts as well as a lack of response to cAMP. This suggested an essential role for this regulatory region in LPS-induced activation and cAMP inhibition of mouse TNF-alpha gene transcription in murine macrophages.
Subunit and primary structure of a mouse alpha-macroglobulin, a human α2-macroglobulin homologue

A mouse alpha-macroglobulin (AMG), a homologue of human α2 -macroglobulin (α 2 M), has been purified to homogeneity. In contrast to human and acute-phase rat α2M which contains subunits of about Mr 190000, the mouse protein contains two major (Mr 163000 and 35000) and one minor (Mr 185000) subunits. Also unlike human α2M, which can be broken down into about 85000-dalton subunits when reacted with an endopeptidase, the native AMG is cleaved by trypsin into multiple components (Mr 86000, 63000, 61000 and 33000). Two-dimensional peptide map analysis of these various 125 I-labeled subunit components reveals that the 185000- and 163000-dalton components are homologous proteins but only the 185000-dalton protein contains the 35000-dalton component. The 163000-dalton protein is cleaved by trypsin into 86000- and 63000-dalton components, and the 86-kDa component in turn can be broken down into 61000- and 33000-dalton fragments. Since the 35000-dalton component is serologically related to AMG but does not share any tryptic peptides with both the 163000- and 33000-dalton components, it is neither a copurified impurity nor a cleavage product of the major (163000-dalton) subunit. AMG, therefore, is composed of covalently linked subunits of Mr 163000 and 35000, and the 185000-dalton protein may be a variant subunit of AMG. Trypsin treatment of the [14C]methylamine-labeled AMG and α2M also sequentially generate subunit patterns indistinguishable from those of the unlabeled macroglobulins. The methylamine-sensitive site(s) of AMG is localized in the 63000-dalton peptide, which is rather resistant to trypsin digestion and to staining by Coomassie brillant blue. We conclude from this study that the mouse homologue has a subunit composition and primary structure distincly different from those of human and rat α2 M.
Primitive Selves: Koreana in the Japanese Colonial Gaze, 1910–1945

E. Taylor Atkins, Primitive Selves: Koreana in the Japanese Colonial Gaze, 1910–1945 (2010), xv + 262 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $24.95). The colonial period in Korea is often and j...
The Pairwise Elastic Net support vector machine for automatic fMRI feature selection

A support vector machine (SVM) regularized with the Pairwise Elastic Net (PEN) penalty is used to automatically select a sparse set of brain voxel clusters based on the fMRI responses to two stimuli classes. This requires solving the PEN-SVM quadratic program. We show how to design the PEN regularization to encode, in a graph-based fashion, the pairwise similarity structure of the voxel fMRI responses and how to control the spatial locality of the encoding using a voxel searchlight. The voxel similarity encoding is reflected in the sparse structure of the weights of trained PEN-SVM and these weights automatically select a sparse set of voxel clusters. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach using a real-world, multi-subject fMRI dataset.
URINARY EXCRETION OF NOREPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE AND 3-METHOXY-4-HYDROXYMANDELIC ACID BY CHILDREN WITH NEURO-BLASTOMA*†

This study concerns the urinary excretion of norepinephrine (NE), cpinephrine (E) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in 5 infants and children with neuroblastomata and 1 child with a ganglioneuroblastoma. Prior to treatment by surgery, radiation or hemotherapy (alone, or in combination), 3 of the patients excreted increased amounts of both NE and VMA. One patient excreted slightly increased amounts of NE, but VMA output was very high. Another had a normal output of VMA, but a greatly elevated output of NE. In the remaining patient, both NE and VMA excretions were normal. The output of epinephrine was not increased in any of the cases. In general, clinical improvement following therapy was associated with a drop in the urinary excretion of NE and VMA. With progression of the disease, the excretion of these compounds again increased. These findings indicate that there may be biochemical differences among neuroblastomata, even though the tumors may be of similar histologic appearance. Delineation of ...