cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Loss of long-lasting potentiation mediated by group III mGluRs in amygdala neurons in kindling-induced epileptogenesis.

Neugebauer, Volker, N. Bradley Keele, and Patricia Shinnick-Gallagher. Loss of long-lasting potentiation mediated by group III mGluRs in amygdala neurons in kindling-induced epileptogenesis. J. Neu...
Increase in sympathetic activity with age. I. Role of impairment of arterial baroreflexes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in arterial baroreflex function with aging. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) obtained in the awake state was 110 +/- 7 mmHg in the young animals (1 yr;...
Demographic, psychosocial, and medical correlates of Pap testing: a literature review.

The approaches used to ensure regular Pap testing must be tailored to sociodemographic, psychosocial, medical, and motivational factors that may change over a woman’s life. Careful descriptions of the determinants of Pap testing at different stages are needed; the success of Pap-emphasizing programs designed without this information may be severely limited. We review the literature on demographic and psychosocial correlates of Pap testing and on the relationship of Pap smear frequency to contact with the medical care system and to preventive health behaviors. We include a discussion of factors related to preventive health behavior in general, so that the Pap test can be viewed against a range of behaviors. Pap program efforts must focus more precisely; our review of the available literature provides recommendations for improving Pap screening programs.
Imaging Rupture Process of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel Earthquake Using the US Seismic Array

We study the rupture process of the Mw 8.3 Illapel, Chile earthquake that occurred on 16 September 2015 using the US seismic network as a large aperture array. We apply the back-projection technique using two frequency bands, 0.1–0.5 and 0.25–1 Hz. Both frequency bands reveal that this event is characterized by rupture of three patches. The higher frequency band shows an earlier burst of seismic radiation and illuminates a relatively down-dip patch of energy radiation. On the other hand, the lower frequency band shows a more up-dip rupture and matches well with the slip inversion model in other studies. The Illapel earthquake ruptures about 100-km along-strike, and shows 40-km up-dip and 40-km down-dip movement along the subduction megathrust fault. The earthquake first ruptures around the epicenter with a relatively low level of seismic radiation. Then, it propagates northeast along the Juan Femandez Ridge (JFR) to rupture a patch down-dip accompanied by strong higher frequency seismic radiation. Finally, it ruptures to the northwest of the epicenter and terminates south of the Challenger fracture zone (CFZ), releasing a burst of strong lower frequency seismic radiation. Most of the aftershocks are either within or at the edge of the rupture patch, a region characterized by high coupling in central Chile. The rupture is bounded along-strike by two fractures zones to the north and south. The JFR to the south of the rupture zone may have acted as a barrier along-strike, leaving the area south of the mainshock vulnerable for a large damaging earthquake in the near future.
Checksum based error detection in linearized representations of non linear control systems

While the past decades have seen major revolutions in the computing and communication industries, the next decade will experience a proliferation of intelligent autonomous systems capable of performing complex tasks. These systems will consist of a plethora of sensors communicating with each other to achieve specified system level objectives. The success and deployment of these systems in commercial arena depends on the reliability and security of the system design. In this work, we discuss error detection methodologies that can detect sensor failures and actuator malfunctions in a linearized representation of a non-linear control system. We demonstrate the proposed approaches on the linearized representation of the classical non-linear problem of an inverted pendulum which has a linear Kalman filter as its sensor and a linear servo motor as its actuator. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
GENES OF VASCULAR REACTIONS AND FORMATION OF THE ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AT CHRONIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Распространенность заболеваний почек в настоящее время имеет прогрессив-ный рост. Ежегодно патология почек и мочевых путей приводит к смерти при-мерно 850 000 человек [1]. Клиническое проявление хронического гломерулонеф-рита (ХГН) характеризуется разными симптомами, в том числе и артериальной гипертонией. ХГН чаще, чем другие заболевания почек, приводит к развитию ар-териальной гипертонии (АГ) [2].
Ranking Accounting-Education Authors from Four Countries: A 20-Year Study from 1993 Through 2012

This paper ranks accounting education authors from Australia, New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom. We include eight journals whose mission was to publish accounting-education papers. While prior studies provide rankings of authors in accounting-education, these rankings are limited to authors located in the United States and Canada. This research ranks the top-10 authors by country and ranks the top 50 authors for two periods – 1993 through 2012 and 2003 through 2012. For those authors who were not included in the top-50 rankings, we also provide a distribution of authors by the number of publications for benchmarking purposes.
Aortic fenestration mimicking aortic perforation.

A 52-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and polysubstance abuse (heroin and cocaine) presented with a 3-week history of progressively worsening dyspnoea on exertion and abdominal pain. It was noted that she had congestive heart failure, …
The Systematic Position of the Plantcutters, Phytotoma

-We used electrophoretic, syringeal, and osteological characters to establish affinities of the plantcutter genus Phytotoma. Both biochemical and morphological characters support placement of the plantcutters within the cotinga genus Ampelion. We retain the genus Phytotoma to recognize the distinctiveness of the plantcutters and we split Ampelion into the previously recognized genera Ampelion, Doliornis, and Zaratornis. We recommend placement of these taxa (seven species) within the family Phytotomidae. Received 26 August 1988, accepted
Coupling properties and sensing applications of photonic molecules

Photonic molecules formed by microresonators with coupled whispering gallery modes were studied by finite-difference time-domain modeling. Mode splitting was observed due to coherent coupling. Spatial mode distribution was shown to be different for each coupled mode. The advantages of photonic molecules over single resonators for sensing applications were demonstrated.
Persistence in phonological and morphological variation

Persistence, the tendency to repeat a recently used variant in speech, has been observed for a range of sociolinguistic variables. This paper uses quantitative data from ING and TD in Philadelphia English to show that persistence reflects morphological structure and can therefore be a useful tool for defining variables at the phonology–morphology interface. For both ING and TD, persistence arises only when prime and target belong to the same morphological category, with additional interactions between morphological category and lexical repetition. This pattern of results suggests that both the linguistic variables and cognitive processes at play are multifactorial.
Coping with change: Using the Bridge's Transitions Framework with foster youth

• Youth reported increased acceptance of transitions and were more optimistic about their ability to guide their own futures.
Oral Parafunctional Behaviors

Many oral parafunctional habits and their consequences will change with the passage of time as life circumstances change. To address patient requests for relief from suffering, the conservative, reversible approaches recommended by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research will speed relief without subjecting patients to complex or irreversible dental treatments that have little evidence of efficacy. Splints are “cueing” devices that improve patients’ awareness of parafunctions and help decrease their occurrence. Simple self-care strategies are easy to describe to patients but may be difficult for them to understand and implement. Providers will have greater success recommending these techniques when their approach uses a committed, personalized approach to their patients and a willingness to engage patients in finding workable strategies for implementing change. Online patient cognitive-behavioral training programs are available to support clinicians in finding the time and skills to teach patients to reduce these risk factors and encourage normal healing and function.
Drivers of antibiotic prescribing in children and adolescents with febrile lower respiratory tract infections.

Background Knowledge of key drivers for antibiotic prescribing in pediatric lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) could support rational antibiotic use. Thus, we aimed to determine the impact of clinical and laboratory factors on antibiotic prescribing in children and adolescents with febrile LRTI. Methods Pediatric patients from the standard care control group of a randomized controlled trial (ProPAED) investigating procalcitonin guided antibiotic treatment in febrile LRTI were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the impact of laboratory and clinical factors on antibiotic prescribing. Results The standard care control group of the ProPAED study comprised 165 LRTI patients (median age: 2.7 years, range: 0.1-16), out of which 88 (55%) received antibiotic treatment. Factors significantly associated with antibiotic prescribing in patients with complete clinical and laboratory documentation (n = 158) were C-reactive protein (OR 5.8 for a 10-fold increase, 95%CI 2.2-14.9), white blood count beyond age-dependent reference range (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.4-11.4), body temperature (OR 1.7 for an increase by 1°C, 95%CI 1.02-2.68), and pleuritic pain (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.1-7.6). Dyspnea (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1-0.7) and wheezing (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.13-0.95) were inversely associated with antibiotic prescribing. Conclusion Laboratory markers were strong drivers of antibiotic prescribing in children with febrile lower respiratory tract infections, in spite of their known poor prediction of antibiotic need. Building on current guidelines for antibiotic treatment in children with febrile LRTI, a reliable decision algorithm for safe antibiotic withholding considering the laboratory and clinical factors evaluated in this study has the potential to further reduce antibiotic prescribing.
Gonadotropin regulation by pulsatile GnRH: Signaling and gene expression.

Abstract The precise orchestration of hormonal regulation at all levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is essential for normal reproductive function and fertility. The pulsatile secretion of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the synthesis and release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by pituitary gonadotropes. GnRH acts by binding to its high affinity seven-transmembrane receptor (GnRHR) on the cell surface of anterior pituitary gonadotropes. Different signaling cascades and transcriptional mechanisms are activated, depending on the variation in GnRH pulse frequency, to stimulate the synthesis and release of FSH and LH. While changes in GnRH pulse frequency may explain some of the differential regulation of FSH and LH, other factors, such as activin, inhibin and sex steroids, also contribute to gonadotropin production. In this review, we focus on the transcriptional regulation of the gonadotropin subunit genes and the signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH.
Remapping the German Homeland: Germania and Catholic Efforts to Mobilise Continued Support during the First World War

Despite a minority status that often left them viewed as outsiders, German Catholics – like their compatriots more generally – rallied behind the war effort in 1914. Indeed, intense involvement in ...
The area function method for assessing the drug absorption rate in linear systems with zero-order input.

A noncompartmental approach for determination of the apparent zero-order absorption rate constant (k 0) has been developed. The procedure evolves from the convolution integral and requires individual oral-dose plasma concentration values and calculation of area intervals under the plasma concentration–time curves after intravenous administration. The proposed method was evaluated and compared with the Wagner–Nelson, Loo–Riegelman, deconvolution, nonlinear regression, and moment methods using errorless and errant simulation data for one- or two-compartment models. The area function method is generally equal to the best of these techniques (nonlinear regression) and superior to the weaker methods (moment, deconvolution, Loo–Riegelman), especially for errant two-compartment data. Coupled with a companion procedure for constructing fraction absorbed versus time plots and assessing first-order absorption rate constants, the area function methods offer direct and accurate means of discerning drug absorption kinetics without the need for assignment of a disposition model for drugs with linear elimination kinetics.
Global economic challenges and opportunities

The global economy is getting better. The United States could experience its second-longest expansion since 1850 and many countries are creating jobs at a healthy pace. Significant healing has taken place, but there is more to be done. Topics that deserve better attention include the slowdown in productivity growth, income polarization, low inflation and low levels of wage growth, and the continuing need for global cooperation. The international community has a role to play by working together. We can safeguard the global economy and ensure strong, stable, and inclusive growth.
Synthesis of 165-1165-1165-1-optimal linear feedback systems

TheH ∞-optimization approach to feedback system design was introduced in the context of sensitivity minimization. This problem formulation yielded improper optimal controllers and did not incorporate design issues related to robustness and plant input cost. A more realistic problem formulation incorporating a weighting on the plant input was suggested earlier by the author and is pursued further in this paper. The optimization problem which results from this problem formulation is of mixed-sensitivity minimization and is solved by using tools from interpolation and approximation theory. This synthesis approach is believed to be of considerable promise for the design of linear feedback systems.
Felis nigripes (Black-footed cat)

Skin biopsies of two animals (l♂,l♀) were made available by Dr. C. Gray, National Zoological Park, Washington, D.C., USA. Karyological data are identical between the 2 specimens except the sex pair. Although the diploid number is the same as that found by Hsu and Arrighi, the present specimens have 2 pairs of acrocentric autosomes (group F) whereas the one reported by Hsu and Arrighi had only one. Either a polymorphism exists in this species, or there are actually more than one species under the same name.
PEPD: a priority based packet discard scheme to provide service differentiation in internet

The Internet was initially designed for non real-time data communications, and hence does not provide any Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. Differentiated Services (DiffServ) is being developed by IETF to provide QoS guarantees by carrying priority information in the packet headers. ATM is expected to coexist with DiffServ in the core of the next generation Internet. In this paper, we propose the Prioritized Early Packet Discard (PEPD) scheme which takes into account the priority of packets during discarding of cells in an ATM switch. We developed a Markov chain model of PEPD, and verified the accuracy of the model with simulation results. Results confirm that the proposed PEPD scheme provides QoS to end applications by providing differential treatment to packets of different priorities.
Diagenetic Processes That Affect Provenance Determinations in Sandstone

Diagenetic processes that alter the depositional composition of sands must be considered when making provenance interpretations. These modifying processes operate from the zone of weathering to the deep subsurface where diagenesis grades into metamorphism. Of greatest importance is the total dissolution of grains of feldspar, rock fragments, and heavy minerals by corrosive meteoric or subsurface waters to severely modify original sand composition. Some “diagenetic quartzarenites” have been produced by essentially wholesale dissolution of non-quartz grains under severe weathering. Even partial dissolution of some rock fragments can alter them beyond identification. Of great importance also is the replace­ment of detrital grains by authigenic carbonates, clays, zeolites, and many other minerals. Although the identity of pseudomorphous grains of distinctive size and shape can logically be deduced for some sandstones, the identity of most totally replaced grains cannot be determined with confidence. The albitization of plagioclase more calcic than An10 and of K-feldspar should be expected for all deeply buried sandstones. In the Texas Gulf Coast basin, albitization is important for sandstones that reach burial temperatures in excess of 120° C.
Outcome expectancy and success with cognitive-behavioral interventions: the case of guided imagery.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe the role of outcome expectancy in the use of cognitive-behavioral interventions and to test three variables (history of imagery use, preferred coping style, and perceived credibility of the imagery provider) as predictors of outcome expectancy regarding guided imagery. DESIGN Secondary analysis using a descriptive, correlational design. SETTING Surgery clinics at a large, midwestern university hospital. SAMPLE 75 women undergoing surgery for gynecologic or breast cancers. METHODS Data were collected as part of an ongoing trial of guided imagery. Participants completed measures of outcome expectancy and predictor variables at a preoperative clinic visit. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Outcome expectancy regarding a guided imagery intervention, previous history with imagery, preferred coping style, and perceived credibility of the imagery provider. FINDINGS Significant relationships were demonstrated between previous history of imagery use and outcome expectancy (r = 0.47, p < 0.01) and between perceived credibility of the imagery provider and outcome expectancy (r = 0.45, p < 0.05). Preferred coping style was not related to outcome expectancy in this sample. Psychometric properties of new instruments were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS Previous history of imagery use and perceived credibility of the imagery provider were supported as predictors of outcome expectancy. Future research will be necessary to reexamine the predictive role of preferred coping style. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses should be aware of the potential role of outcome expectancy in effectiveness of nursing interventions. Patients' previous use of cognitive-behavioral interventions and perceptions of credibility may be helpful in selecting appropriate strategies.
Let's Go Public! Taking a Spoken Dialog System to the Real World

In this paper, we describe how a research spoken dialog system was made available to the general public. The Let’s Go Public spoken dialog system provides bus schedule information to the Pittsburgh population during off-peak times. This paper describes the changes necessary to make the system usable for the general public and presents analysis of the calls and strategies we have used to ensure high performance.
Antifungal chemotherapy and drug strategies: Projected clinical needs

In recent years, the incidence of systemic fungal infections has increased tremendously, particularly in severely ill and immunocompromised patients. Adequate treatment of these infections when they occur in the normal host is available. Amphotericin B (AmB) is very effective, but its toxicity and inconveniences associated with its intravenous administration are important negative factors associated with its use. Present attempts to decrease toxicity of AmB by combining it with other drugs and/or by developing unique delivery systems are interesting but the results are only preliminary. Azoles are also effective and ketoconazole is particularly attractive because it can be administered orally. The triazoles, itraconazole and fluconazole, represent promising agents in this group because they have a broader range of action, are well absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, have a prolonged half life, have fever side effects and also penetrate well into the central nervous system and urine in an active form. Despite these advances, significant problems exist. None of the antifungal agents appear to be curative in patients with AIDS. Consequently, life-long suppressive therapy is necessary to prevent recurrence of disease. Drug resistance is an increasing problem with the potential for cross-resistance among the presently available agents which all affect the fungal cell envelopes. Clearly, there is a need to develop antifungal agents which have completely different sites of action to avoid cross resistance. Different classes of drugs affecting different cellular metabolic processes might interact with polyenes and azoles synergistically to enhance therapeutic effects. There is also a need to understand the basis for susceptibility to systemic fungal infections and to devise strategies based on these insights to prevent them.
On the Determination of Moisture Gradients from Radiosonde Records 1, 2

The humidity indicated by the rapidly rising radiosonde lags behind the true humidity of the air, making moisture gradient determinations uncertain by a factor of 4. Application of isothermal laboratory determinations of the lag to the readings may be misleading because the radiosonde, in rising through the atmosphere, usually passes from warm air to cooler air. The lag of the strip may be quite different under these circumstances. By comparison of radiosonde reports with airplane humidity soundings, it is found that in the case of the radiosonde moving from warm, dry air (about − 5°C) to cooler, moister air (about − 18°C) the lag may increase to 165 seconds. When it passes to cooler, drier air, the lag decreases to 10 to 20 seconds. Using these lags and assuming an exponential approach to the final value, more nearly correct values of the humidity at particular heights can be computed from the radiosonde records.
Multiscale synthetic SAR and IR imagery features generation in the cluttered virtual environment (Conference Presentation)

Detection and recognition of 3D objects and their motion characteristics from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Infrared (IR) Thermal imaging in the presence of significant clutter and occlusion is a highly challenging task. In this paper, we present an efficient technique for generation of static and dynamic synthetic SAR and IR imagery data in the cluttered virtual environments. Such imagery data sets closely represent the view of physical environment as potentially can be perceived by the physical SAR and IR imaging systems respectively. In this work, we present IRIS simulation model for the efficient construction and modeling of virtual environment with clutter and discuss our techniques for low-poly 3D object surface patch generation. Furthermore, we present several test scenarios based on which the synthetic SAR and IR imaging data sets are obtained and discuss the role of key control parameters impacting the performance of our synthetic multi-modality imaging systems. Lastly, we describe a method for multi-scale feature extraction from 3D objects based on synthetic SAR and IR imagery data sets for a variety of test ground-based and aerial-based vehicles and demonstrate efficiency and effectiveness of this approach in different test scenarios.
Influence of Sacroiliac Bracing on Muscle Activation Strategies During 2 Functional Tasks in Standing-Tolerant and Standing-Intolerant Individuals

People who develop low back pain during standing (standing-intolerant) are a subclinical group at risk for clinical low back pain. Standing-intolerant individuals respond favorably to stabilization...
History of the frontal lobes: Language and language disorders

The topic “Language and language disorders” fits well into a meeting dedicated to the history of the frontal lobes because that is where it all began. The ability to communicate is certainly not restricted to humans but language is. Specifically the ability to learn, articulate and use symbolic language, the use of accompanying facial and body gestures, the ability to teach and correct are all unique to humans. They are related to the development of frontal lobe structures, with mirror neurons the likely neuronal basis of these abilities [1] , [2] , [3] . The birth of neuropsychology in its current meaning occurred in the second part of the 19th century when studies of language and its disorders were linked to lesions of structures located in the frontal lobes. There were several contributors. Broca of course comes to mind but others played a role, some even preceded him. Jean-Baptiste Boullaud had gone as far as offering 500 francs to “anyone who could produce the brain of one who had during life lost speech, and which did not show any frontal lesion”. On April 4th 1861, his son-in-law Ernest Aubertin made a presentation on “the seat of articulated language”. That date is considered “the most important one in the history of aphasiology” by McDonald Critchley (1970, p. 61) [4] . As for Broca, his contribution first formally presented on May 2nd 1861 was crucial, but it must be remembered that this was only a relatively short parenthesis in a life dedicated to surgery and above all to anthropology. We will conclude with the cri de douleur of Pierre Marie who proclaimed that the third frontal convolution plays no role on language function. This iconoclastic position was later discretely retracted, but we will summarize the fierce debates, particularly those of 1908 when a duel of swords was fortunately cancelled to become a duel of words [5] . We will present the taped voice of two very reduced patients from Henry Hecaen's Unit [6] . In his signature book “Introduction a la Neuropsychologie” (1972), he refers to these two patients as examples of “Aphasie de realisation phonematique”. To this day the precise definition of Broca's aphasia and aphemia is not entirely agreed upon except mostly for one thing: the lesion is in the frontal lobes [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] .
System Services for Reconfigurable Hardware Acceleration in Mobile Devices

FPGAs have been deployed to provide custom hardware acceleration for applications such as networking, vision, and machine learning in embedded devices. A mobile device serves increasingly diverse computing applications under constrained resources, hence, making FPGA-based acceleration more attractive to achieve high performance, and yet, energy efficiency. However, due to lack of systematic interface between mobile application software framework and FPGA design flow, software developers avoid using FPGA accelerators in developing Apps for mobile applications. In this paper, we introduce a software framework that integrates the Android operating system with programmable hardware accelerator design flow. We present an acceleration service in Android platform that manages the mapping of compute-intensive kernels to the accelerators on FPGA. The proposed framework enables multiple applications to access multiple FPGA-based accelerators, simultaneously. We present an Android OS porting on the Xilinx Zynq SoC, equipped with dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processors and programmable logic. The experimental results show performance gain in case studies of canny edge detection algorithm, digit recognition algorithm, and neural network, which are used by mobile Apps.
Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a B-cell neoplasm thought to derive from mantle zone B-cells and characterized by translocations involving the CCND1 gene, most commonly t(11;14)(q13;q23). The classical variant of MCL is comprised of small- to medium-sized cells with irregular nuclear contours. Aggressive variants of MCL include tumors composed of lymphoblast-like (blastoid) or pleomorphic cells.
Forgoing Food Assistance out of Fear: Simulating the Child Poverty Impact of a Making SNAP a Legal Liability for Immigrants:

Public charge, a term used by immigration officials for over 100 years, refers to a person who relies on public assistance at the government’s expense. Immigrants who are deemed at high risk of bec...
Predicting postoperative delirium severity in older adults: The role of surgical risk and executive function.

OBJECTIVES Delirium is an important postoperative complication, yet predictive risk factors for postoperative delirium severity remain elusive. We hypothesized that the NSQIP risk calculation for serious complications (NSQIP-SC) or risk of death (NSQIP-D), and cognitive tests of executive function (Trail Making Tests A and B [TMTA and TMTB]), would be predictive of postoperative delirium severity. Further, we demonstrate how advanced statistical techniques can be used to identify candidate predictors. METHODS/DESIGN Data from an ongoing perioperative prospective cohort study of 100 adults (65 y old or older) undergoing noncardiac surgery were analyzed. In addition to NSQIP-SC, NSQIP-D, TMTA, and TMTB, participant age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, tobacco use, surgery type, depression, Framingham risk score, and preoperative blood pressure were collected. The Delirium Rating Scale-R-98 (DRS) measured delirium severity; the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) identified delirium. LASSO and best subsets linear regression were employed to identify predictive risk factors. RESULTS Ninety-seven participants with a mean age of 71.68 ± 4.55, 55% male (31/97 CAM+, 32%), and a mean peak DRS of 21.5 ± 6.40 were analyzed. LASSO and best subsets regression identified NSQIP-SC and TMTB to predict postoperative delirium severity (P < 00.001, adjusted R2 : 0.30). NSQIP-SC and TMTB were also selected as predictors for postoperative delirium incidence (AUROC 0.81, 95% CI, 0.72-0.90). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, we identified NSQIP risk score for serious complications and a measure of executive function, TMT-B, to predict postoperative delirium severity using advanced modeling techniques. Future studies should investigate the utility of these variables in a formal delirium severity prediction model.
Pain in Older Adults (Geriatric)

In the past century, there has been a significant increase in the elderly population. Much of the disability in this cohort is related to pathologies resulting in chronic pain. Polypharmacy and multiple co-morbidities in the elderly population contribute to the difficulties in addressing chronic pain issues in this population. In this chapter, we hope to address the challenges associated with treating chronic pain in the elderly population, as well as offer guidance on safe and effective treatment.
Cross-linking Effects on Performance Metrics of Phenazine-Based Polymer Cathodes

Developing cathodes that can support high charge-discharge rates would improve the power density of lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the development of high-power cathodes without sacrificing energy density is reported. N,N'-diphenylphenazine was identified as a promising charge-storage center by electrochemical studies due to its reversible, fast electron transfer at high potentials. By incorporating the phenazine redox units in a cross-linked network, a high-capacity (223 mA h g-1 ), high-voltage (3.45 V vs. Li/Li+ ) cathode material was achieved. Optimized cross-linked materials are able to deliver reversible capacities as high as 220 mA h g-1 at 120 C with minimal degradation over 1000 cycles. The work presented herein highlights the fast ionic transport and rate capabilities of amorphous organic materials and demonstrates their potential as materials with high energy and power density for next-generation electrical energy-storage technologies.
Dynamic Changes in Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Dairy Cattle across the Production Line

Bacteria play important roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dairy cattle as the communities are responsible for host health, growth and production. However, a systematic and comprehensive comparison of microbiota in the GIT of cattle from all management units on a dairy is lacking. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the fecal bacteria of 90 dairy cattle raised and housed in 12 clearly defined management units on a dairy. We found α-diversity differed between several pairs of management units, especially between the hutch calves (management unit 1) and the other units except post weaned heifers (management unit 2). Although β-diversity revealed most of the samples did not cluster according to their management unit membership except management unit 1, in which the samples grouped and separated from others, we observed three major clusters. Besides the hutch calves (management unit 1), most samples from the other 11 units formed two distinct clusters and the relative abundance of Patescibacteria might be the reason for the separation. Moreover, we identified 212 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with relative abundances > 0.1% in more than 10% of the total samples that had significantly different abundances in these units. Furthermore, we found as the calves aged, 19 ASVs exclusively detected in unit 1 gradually degraded and never reoccurred in others. Lastly, we recognized 181 pairs of interactions between 61 ASVs with possibly strong synergistic or antagonistic relationships. These results suggest the enteric microbial communities of dairy cattle housed in different management units are quite dynamic.
Understanding Molecular Factors That Determine Performance in the Rare Earth (TriNOx) Separations System

Rare earth metal complexes of the proligand H3TriNOx ([(2-tBuNOH)C6H3CH2]3N) have been shown to afford separations of simple mixtures of rare earth metal salts. In particular, separations systems w...
Subclinical myocardial injury and cardiovascular mortality: Racial differences in prevalence and risk (from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey).

Background Subclinical myocardial injury (SCMI) determined from the Electrocardiographic Cardiac Infarction/Injury Score (CIIS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. We hypothesized that SCMI prevalence and association with mortality would differ by race, categorized as non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Mexican American. Methods Our analysis included 5,852 participants (age 58.5 ± 13.2 years; 54% women, 52% Whites, 23% Blacks, and 25% Mexican American participants) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-94) who were free of cardiovascular disease at the time of enrollment. SCMI was defined as the presence of CIIS ≥ 10 score points on the 12-lead ECG. Prevalence of SCMI and its association with cardiovascular mortality were examined in each race/ethnic group in models adjusted for sociodemographics and common cardiovascular risk factors. Results SCMI prevalence was 23.4% in Whites, 21.8% in Blacks, and 18.0% in Mexican Americans. Compared to Whites, Blacks were as likely to have SCMI (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80-1.13), while Mexican Americans were less likely (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.88). SCMI was not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in either Whites (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% CI 0.95-1.48) or Blacks (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.79-1.80). In contrast, SCMI in Mexican Americans was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.13-2.67, p Conclusion Mexican Americans had a lower prevalence of SCMI, but increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. Screening for SCMI may identify individuals at increased risk and improve targeted prevention efforts.
Constitutional Asymmetry in the People's Republic of China: Struggles for Autonomy Under a Communist Party-State

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is a party-state constituted under the authoritarian leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Most of its national-level institutions are duplicated at subnational levels in order to enhance central supervision. Two notable constitutional asymmetries occur at the provincial level, where the PRC includes among its administrative subdivisions five Ethnic Minority Autonomous Regions (EMARs) and two Special Administrative Regions (SARs). On paper these entities appear to benefit from significant grants of political, social and economic autonomy tailored to local circumstances. In reality, the Chinese party-state deploys veneers of autonomy where convenient to maintain the appearance of benevolence while asserting its will. To the extent autonomy does exist it is primarily economic. Though the form differs across regions the ends are the same: the PRC’s administrative subdivisions are structured to provide for comprehensive integration, including the firm and effective transmission of Beijing’s policies to all corners of the state. The nation’s present retrocession from authoritarian to dictatorial governance augurs against the realization of genuine autonomy in the immediate future.
"Pretty hurts": Acceptance of hegemonic feminine beauty ideals and reduced sexual well-being among Black women.

Abstract Although women are expected to idealize and achieve hegemonic feminine beauty standards such as being slender and lighter skinned, few studies have examined how women’s investment in achieving these restrictive feminine appearance ideals may influence their sexual attitudes and behaviors. Even less is known about Black women. We surveyed 640 Black college women to test hypotheses that endorsement of hegemonic beauty ideals would be positively associated with four dimensions of negative sexual affect (sexual guilt, shame, emotional distancing, and self-consciousness) and negatively associated with two dimensions of sexual agency (sexual assertiveness and satisfaction). Correlation and regression analyses showed that hegemonic beauty ideal acceptance was linked with greater sexual guilt, shame, emotional distancing, and sexual self-consciousness in addition to lower levels of sexual assertiveness and satisfaction. Findings highlight how endorsing restrictive, hegemonic standards of beauty is associated with Black women’s reduced sexual affect and sexual agency.
Investigations of β-carotene radical cation formation in infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI).

RATIONALE Radical cationization of endogenous hydrocarbons in cherry tomatoes was previously reported using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI), a mass spectrometry imaging technique that operates at ambient conditions and requires no sample derivatization. Due to the surprising nature of this odd-electron ionization, subsequent experiments were performed on β-carotene to determine the amount of radical cationization across different sampling conditions. METHODS β-Carotene was analyzed across a variety of sample states using IR-MALDESI followed by Orbitrap mass spectrometric analysis: first, as a standard in ethanol in a well plate; second, as particulates on printer paper; and third, as particulates covered by an ice matrix. These techniques were also performed with a β-carotene standard either in solution with a reducing agent (ascorbic acid) or with ascorbic acid in the electrospray solution. RESULTS Tandem mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of the radical cation of β-carotene by comparing fragments against NIST and METLIN databases. It was always analyzed as a radical cation when sampled from solution, where ascorbic acid increased radical cation abundance when in solution with β-carotene. Mixed-mode ionization between radical cationization and proton adduction was observed from dried particulates using IR-MALDESI. CONCLUSIONS There are several potential mechanisms for β-carotene radical cationization prior to IR-MALDESI analysis, with multiphoton ionization, thermal degradation, and/or reaction with oxygen appearing to be the most logical explanations. Furthermore, although not the primary cause, changing certain aspects of sample conditions can result in significant mixed-mode ionization with competing protonation.
Colin Kaepernick and the NFL

In early August 2017, the majority owner of a popular American football team was facing a troubling dilemma. The preseason was set to start in less than a week, and the team's starting quarterback was battling a devastating knee injury. Unfortunately, the next player in line for this position was still quite green. It was time to explore signing a free-agent quarterback who could give the team a realistic chance to win football games. As he mulled his options, he was aware that Colin Kaepernick was available to sign. The problem was that Kaepernick was responsible for sparking much of the political activism now prominently on display within the NFL. On the one hand, Kaepernick had proven to be a skilled player early in his career. He had led his team to a Super Bowl appearance and back-to-back conference championship games. On the other hand, due to Kaepernick's protest against racial injustice, he was a risky choice. Excerpt UVA-OB-1206 Rev. Jun. 7, 2018 Colin Kaepernick and the NFL Wouldn't you love to see one of these NFL owners, when somebody disrespects our flag, to say, “Get that son of a bitch off the field right now? Out! He's fired. He's fired!” You know, some owner is going to do that. He's going to say, “That guy that disrespects our flag, he's fired.” And that owner, they don't know it [but] they'll be the most popular person in this country. —Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States It was early August 2017, and the majority owner of a very popular American football team was facing a troubling dilemma. The preseason was set to start in less than a week, and the team's starting quarterback was battling a devastating knee injury. Unfortunately, the next player in line for this position was still quite green. The team's owner had counted on his seasoned quarterback to lead the team to another successful playoff run and having more time to develop this novice quarterback. It was time to explore signing a free-agent quarterback who could give the team a realistic chance to win football games. . . .
Are we done yet? Our Journey to Fight against Memory-safety Bugs

Memory-safety issues have been a long-standing concern of the security practitioners. According to Microsoft and Google, memory-safety bugs still represent 70% of the exploited vulnerabilities in complex, real-world programs like OSes and Web browsers. However, it doesn't mean that academics and practitioners haven't tried hard to alleviate the problem. Advances in automatic techniques like fuzzing and sanitizers revolutionize the way we tame the memory safety bugs, but the increasing volume of new software simply outpaces the adoption rate of these promising new techniques, setting the legacy programs aside. In this talk, I'd like to share "our" own journey to fight against memory-safety bugs - "our" is important as all research is conducted together with the brightest hackers in SSLab at Georgia Tech. First, I'd like to talk about our group's research agenda in the memory-safety world ranging from binary exploitation, programming analysis, fuzzing, symbolic execution and security education. Second, I will share our group's journey to participate in the DARPA CGC, DEFCON CTF and pwn2own competitions. Third, I will also present where our group is heading to: a promising new memory/thread-safe language, called Rust. Lastly, I will conclude the talk with an important projection by using our recent work on finding bugs in the Rust packages: like COVID-19, the memory-safety bugs likely stay with us for the next decade, if not more.
Interdisciplinary Social Psychology: Prospects and Problems

In recent years there have appeared numerous signs of increasing convergence between the sociological and psychological traditions in social psychology. The latest edition of The Handbook of Social Psychology (Lindzey & Aronson, 1985) includes considerably more references to sociological materials than previous editions. This, of course, might be expected for the new chapter on symbolic interaction and role theory prepared by two sociologists, Stryker and Statham. The same can be said for the new chapters on survey methods and social deviance by sociologists. But one may note considerable sociological input in the chapters prepared by psychologists on socialization in adulthood and on sex roles. Some of the chapters in the latest edition covering topics dealt with in the earlier editions also reflect increased sociological input. The chapter on organizations, again by a sociologist, contains many sociological references, and the chapter by a psychologist on language has a definite sociolinguistic flavor, in contrast to the chapter on psycholinguistics in the second edition of the Handbook.
Potential Oncogenicity of Human Cytomegalovirus

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been implicated in the etiology of several human malignancies because of seroepidemiologic evidence as well as the detection of viral DNA in tumor tissues. However, no consistent findings have directly linked HCMV with human cancer. On the other hand, the oncogenic potential of HCMV has been well established by in vitro studies demonstrating the ability of UV-irradiated or infectious HCMV to transform a variety of mammalian cells. This has led to the identification of specific transforming regions within the HCMV genome. Specifically, three HCMV morphological transforming regions (mtrl, II, III) have been found. Of these, only mtrll is retained in focal and tumor-derived lines. Sequence analysis of mtrlI showed the presence of open reading frames (ORF) of 79, 83, and 34 amino acids (aa). Analysis of colinear regions within three HCMV strains implicated the 79-aa ORF as the transforming gene. The transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by the 79-aa ORF cloned into a mammalian expression vector provided direct evidence for its role in carcinogenesis.
Analysis and measurement of crystallization utilizing the population balance

Publisher Summary The size and shape of particles in a particulate product are important for several reasons. The efficiency of any process for production of a particulate material relies on the size, shape, and size distribution. Therefore, any comprehensive discussion of crystallization must include the genesis of size and size distribution, as well as its possible measurement and control. The population balance technique parallels other balance approaches—such as material and energy balances—which are familiar to process engineers. The population balance is used to account for both the size and number of particles. Crystals do not occur in single sizes but have distributions. Two types of crystal size distributions are normally considered, the density distribution and the cumulative distribution. There are two major classes of sizing techniques commonly used in practice: mass-based and number-based. The mass-based techniques include classical sieving procedures. A second class of measurement techniques, based on particle number, overcomes some of the problems associated with mass-based techniques. The electronic zone-sensing technique has been widely used both as a research and quality control tool. Focused beam reflectance measurement and microscopy are also used sometimes. The power of the population balance for analysis of crystallizers is demonstrated by its application to a continuous crystallizer.