cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paint deposition modeling for trajectory planning on automotive surfaces

This research is focused on developing trajectory planning tools for the automotive painting industry. The geometric complexity of automotive surfaces and the complexity of the spray patterns produced by modern paint atomizers combine to make this a challenging and interesting problem. This paper documents our efforts to develop computationally tractable analytic deposition models for electrostatic rotating bell (ESRB) atomizers, which have recently become widely used in the automotive painting industry. The models presented in this paper account for both the effects of surface curvature as well as the deposition pattern of ESRB atomizers in a computationally tractable form, enabling the development of automated trajectory generation tools. We present experimental results used to develop and validate the models, and verify the interaction between the deposition pattern, the atomizer trajectory, and the surface curvature. Limitations of the deposition model with respect to predictions of paint deposition on highly curved surfaces are discussed. Note to Practitioners-The empirical paint deposition models developed herein, which are fit to experimental data, offer a significant improvement over models that are typically used in industrial robot simulations. The improved simulation results come without the computational cost and complexity of finite element methods. The models could be incorporated, as is, into existing industrial simulation tools, provided the users are cognizant of the model limitations with respect to highly curved surfaces. Although the models are based on readily available information, incorporating the models into existing robot simulation software would likely require support from the software vendor.
Optical and EPR studies of photochromic SrTiO 3 doped with Fe:Mo and Ni:Mo

Large reversible photochromic changes were observed in SrTiO 3 double doped with Mo and either Fe or Ni. The photochromic absorption is induced by irradiation in the vicinity of 4000 A and decays thermally in minutes or can be bleached to its original state by long wavelength radiation. A model is presented in which a charge is transferred between the Fe and Mo ions via the conduction or valence bands. Optical absorption, heat treatment, and EPR data are presented, which support the model.
Solvent Effects on Protein Folding/Unfolding

Pressure effects on the hydrophobic potential of mean force led Hummer et al. 1) to postulate a model for pressure denaturation of proteins in which denaturation occurs by means of water penetration into the protein interior, rather than by exposing the protein hydrophobic core to the solvent — commonly used to describe temperature denaturation. We study the effects of pressure in protein folding/unfolding kinetics in an off-lattice minimalist model of a protein in which pressure effects have been incorporated by means of the pair-wise potential of mean force of hydrophobic groups in water. We show that pressure slows down the kinetics of folding by decreasing the reconfigurational diffusion coefficient and moves the location of the folding transition state.
Purification and Chemistry of Bacteriophage ϰ

From a stock of varkappa phage grown on Salmonella, a host-range mutant which attacks Escherichia coli was isolated. As in the case of Salmonella, only motile strains of E. coli are sensitive to varkappa. The phage shows an eclipse period of 35 min and a minimal latent period of 52 min. The adsorption rate constant is 3 x 10(-9) ml/min. Adsorption shows a marked dependence on temperature. Bacteriophage varkappa was purified by differential centrifugation and CsCl density gradient centrifugation. It contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which is double-stranded. The DNA has a molecular weight of 42 million and a guanine plus cytosine content of 57%. Of 68 molecules of DNA inspected, 7 were circular. The phage particle weight is about 90 million.
A New Perspective on Cyclin D1: Beyond Cell Cycle Regulation

The canonical function of cyclin D1 in regulating cell cycle progression was well established in the 1990s. The role of cyclin D1 has been expanded in the last decade. The novel functions of cyclin D1 include regulation of hormone signaling through cross talk with nuclear receptors and cofactors, gene transcription through direct interaction with transcription factors, cell migration and invasion, cell death, angiogenesis, mitochondrial metabolism, DNA damage and repair, and chromosomal instability (CIN). High-throughput analysis, including whole-genome expression profiling and deep sequencing, identified cyclin D1 binding sites in the context of local chromatin. Proteomics and protein arrays identified cyclin D1-interacting proteins, which confirmed both known interactive proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and a number of new proteins. These novel experimental approaches revealed previously unrecognized functions of cyclin D1 which may contribute to the role of cyclin D1 in tumorigenesis. Herein, we discuss recent findings on the role of cyclin D1 in regulating metabolism, DNA damage, and CIN and how these processes may guide novel clinical management.
Incobotulinum Toxin-A Improves Post-Surgical and Post-Radiation Pain in Cancer Patients

Cancer patients who undergo surgery or radiation can develop persistent focal pain at the site of radiation or surgery. Twelve patients who had surgery or radiation for local cancer and failed at least two analgesic medications for pain control were prospectively enrolled in a research protocol. Patients were injected up to 100 units of incobotulinum toxin A (IncoA) intramuscularly or subcutaneously depending on the type and location of pain (muscle cramp or neuropathic pain). Two patients passed away, one dropped out due to a skin reaction and another patient could not return for the follow up due to his poor general condition. All remaining 8 subjects (Age 31–70, 4 female) demonstrated significant improvement of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (3 to 9 degrees, average 3.9 degrees) and reported significant satisfaction in Patients’ Global Impression of Change scale (PGIC) (7 out of 8 reported the pain as much improved). Three of the 8 patients reported significant improvement of quality of life.
The Property Value Effects of Universal Tuition Vouchers

Every school-age child in San Antonio's Edgewood school district was eligible for a large, privately-funded tuition voucher from 1998 to 2008. This paper evaluates the impact of this voucher program on residential property values in the Edgewood district. Based on realtor data (multiple listing service), the findings reveal that during the period of the voucher program there was a 9.87% increase in house prices during the early years of the program, although an increase of only 1.10% during the later years when eligibility requirements were tightened.
Heart Function and Metabolism in Shock During Sepsis and Endotoxemia

Bacterial endotoxins can produce severe hypotension and circulatory shock that is accompanied by impaired myocardial work capacity (1–3). Hinshaw et al (4–7), using an isolated in situ working heart preparation, concluded that left ventricular dysfunction was present three hours following endotoxin and the onset of reduced coronary perfusion pressure. The dysfunction was consistantly associated with elevated LVEDP, and depressed dP/dtmax, myocardial power and efficiency, and suggested that both endotoxin per se, and inadequate coronary perfusion were important factors in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. A decrease in the rate of left ventricular relaxation (-dP/dt) was also observed in these studies. Other reports also indicate the importance of the elapsed time in the development of the myocardial dysfunction. According to Goldfarb et al. (8,9), endotoxin-treated dogs that eventually died had a depressed end-systolic pressure-diameter relationship by 2 hr, whereas, in survivors, contractility was unchanged. These data implicate cardiac contractile function as an important cause of cardiovascular collapse following endotoxin. However, there appears to be no direct influence of endotoxin on myocardial performance (8,10–13,14,16–19). Myocardial functional deterioration is also present in the in vitro isolated perfused heart following in vivo administration of endotoxin, as indicated by depressed isometric contractile tension and a fall in dP/dt (12,14–16). In the present studies, we use endotoxin administration as an early reproducible, consistent, and uniform probe to investigate hormone receptor-adenylate cyclase activation and cyclic AMP metabolism and action. We demonstrate a reduced performance of isolated perfused working, hearts from endotoxin treated rats to increasing preloads (left atrial filling pressure), a reduction in ability of myocytes from endotoxin-treated rats to generate cyclic AMP in response to isoproterenol or forskolin challenges, a reduction in adenylate cycles activity and a reduction in number of beta-adrenergic receptors without loss of affinity for the agonist isoproterenol.
#Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures

This article considers how the social-news and community site Reddit.com has become a hub for anti-feminist activism. Examining two recent cases of what are defined as “toxic technocultures” (#Gamergate and The Fappening), this work describes how Reddit’s design, algorithm, and platform politics implicitly support these kinds of cultures. In particular, this piece focuses on the ways in which Reddit’s karma point system, aggregation of material across subreddits, ease of subreddit and user account creation, governance structure, and policies around offensive content serve to provide fertile ground for anti-feminist and misogynistic activism. The ways in which these events and communities reflect certain problematic aspects of geek masculinity are also considered. This research is informed by the results of a long-term participant-observation and ethnographic study into Reddit’s culture and community and is grounded in actor-network theory.
Differential Survival to Leukemia as a Function of Infantile Stimulation in DBA/2 Mice.

SummaryDBA/2 mice were stimulated by being removed from the nest for 3 min. daily from birth to day 24. Control mice received no stimulation. Between days 45 and 55 all animals were implanted with leukemia 1210. The stimulated mice showed significantly shorter survival time than their non-stimulated controls. This effect is assumed to be a result of early chronic stress leading to a reduced neurohumoral response to later challenge.
Origin of texture development in orthorhombic uranium

Abstract We study texture evolution of alpha-uranium (α-U) during plane strain compression and uniaxial compression to high strains at different temperatures. We combine a multiscale polycrystal constitutive model and detailed analysis of texture data to uncover the slip and twinning modes responsible for the formation of individual texture components. The analysis indicates that during plane strain compression, floor slip (001)[100] results in the formation of two pronounced { 001 } texture peaks tilted 10–15° away from the normal toward the rolling direction. During both high-temperature (573 K) through-thickness compression and plane strain compression, the active slip modes are floor slip (001)[100] and chimney slip 1 / 2 { 110 } 〈 1 1 ¯ 0 〉 with slightly different ratios. { 130 } 〈 3 1 ¯ 0 〉 deformation twinning is profuse during rolling and in-plane compression and decreases with increasing temperature, but is not as active for through-thickness compression. Finally, we comment on some similarities between rolling textures of α-U, which has a c/a ratio of 1.734, and those that develop in hexagonal close packed metals with similarly high c/a ratios like Zn (1.856) and Cd (1.885) and are dominated by basal slip.
Question and countermeasure of medical waste management of China

Medical waste emerges in activity of medical treatment,prevention and health care polluted environment seriously when they can not be disposed suitably.This article analyzes the questions in medical waste management,advices and countermeasures are proposed.
Congenital absence of the penis.

AbstractCongenital absence of the penis (apenia) is an extremely rare form of ambiguous genitalia that can be diagnosed at birth. If the patient is immediately and unequivocally assigned the female gender she can develop into a well adjusted woman who is emotionally and sexually functional. To attempt to raise the child as a male can be disastrous.
Simulation Studies of Hybrid Pull Systems of Kanban and CONWIP in an Assembly Line

Pull system is an important component of lean manufacturing that can effectively reduce typical wastes associated with push production systems, such as overproduction. Using Toyota’s Kanban system, a production line can be configured as a pull system to avoid unnecessary accumulation of Work in Process (WIP). Another common method to carry out a pull concept is the CONWIP line, which maintains a constant WIP level within a segment of production line. Both methods have proven effective, but they may have different characteristics. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential to combine Kanban and CONWIP methods into a robust hybrid pull system that preserves the advantages of both methods while minimizing the disadvantages of each individual method. A simulation study has been carried out based on a real-world assembly line. Various pull system configurations of the assembly line have been evaluated and compared in terms of WIP level, number of Kanban cards in system, and throughput. The study shows that the productivity of CONWIP configuration outperforms Kanban configuration in majority of scenarios; and the performance of a well designed hybrid system can be more robust to various scenarios, compared to Kanban and CONWIP system.
Impact of maternal nutrition in pregnancy and lactation on offspring gut microbial composition and function

Evidence supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis indicates that maternal nutrition in pregnancy has a significant impact on offspring disease risk later in life, likely by modulating developmental processes in utero. Gut microbiota have recently been explored as a potential mediating factor, as dietary components strongly influence microbiota abundance, function and its impact on host physiology. A growing body of evidence has additionally indicated that the intrauterine environment is not sterile as once presumed, indicating that maternal-fetal transmission of microbiota may occur during pregnancy. In this article, we will review the body of literature that supports this emerging hypothesis, as well as highlight the work in relevant animal models demonstrating associations with maternal gestational nutrition and the offspring gut microbiome that may influence offspring physiology and susceptibility to disease.
TIES THAT BIND Measurement, Demographics, and Social Connectedness*

In this article I develop a taxonomy of how demographic variables are used in political science models. The functions of demographics—for description, as controls in statistical models, or as proxies for external societal cleavages or underlying individual attributes—raise questions about validity and responsible usage. To illustrate the more general problem, the construct of social connectedness is examined in regard to its relationship with various demographic variables and its impact on voter turnout. Using data from the 1992 National Election Study, the analyses indicate that marital status, church attendance, owning a home, formal group membership, education, and income are all related to social connectedness, but the impact of education and income on electoral participation does not appear to be mediated by social connectedness. The results illustrate that careful consideration of measurement issues can clarify the relationships in our substantive models and that substantive models can illuminate measurement issues as well.
A fast collocation method for a variable-coefficient nonlocal diffusion model

We develop a fast collocation scheme for a variable-coefficient nonlocal diffusion model, for which a numerical discretization would yield a dense stiffness matrix. The development of the fast method is achieved by carefully handling the variable coefficients appearing inside the singular integral operator and exploiting the structure of the dense stiffness matrix. The resulting fast method reduces the computational work from O ( N 3 ) required by a commonly used direct solver to O ( N log ? N ) per iteration and the memory requirement from O ( N 2 ) to O ( N ) . Furthermore, the fast method reduces the computational work of assembling the stiffness matrix from O ( N 2 ) to O ( N ) . Numerical results are presented to show the utility of the fast method.
The influence of radiation heat transfer on the prediction of air flows in rooms under natural ventilation

Abstract Scale experiments that use water of different salinities to represent air at different temperatures are a common tool used to investigate room air ventilation. However, it has been shown that these experiments cannot replicate the effects of radiation heat transfer in a room. This paper illustrates the importance of accounting for radiative effects when modeling airflow, especially regarding the air temperature profile. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed of flow in heated rooms with and without radiation. It was found that when radiation was ignored the temperature of the air surrounding the occupants was significantly lower, by 2–4 °C, than when including its effects. In addition, the surface temperature of the heat sources was consistently higher (up to 17 °C) when ignoring radiation. Finally, air velocity in the space was higher in simulations that included radiation. These differences have an important impact on the predicted thermal comfort of the occupants, since neglecting radiative heat transfer would result in an inaccurate estimation of operative temperature. We conclude that water scale models do not provide an accurate description of flow behavior in a space, so desired thermal and flow conditions might not be achieved in buildings designed or assessed using water scale models. For these reasons, theoretical models or computer simulations that omit radiation will also give misleading predictions of room temperature distribution.
Rheological Studies of High-Performance Bioepoxies for Use in Fiber-Reinforced Composite Resin Infusion

A new approach is presented to quantify the processability of high-performance biobased epoxy formulations via vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). Epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) is cured with two anhydride hardeners, nadic methyl anhydride and methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (NMA, MTHPA), and two catalysts, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (DBU, 2E4MI). As neither gel times nor the viscosity–time curves reported vs temperature are sufficient to assess processability, we integrate fluidity–time curves to generate a useful numerical metric for the infusibility of a given resin formulation and report the variation of integrated fluidity with temperature. A conventional high-performance anhydride-cured epoxy serves as a control. ELO-NMA-DBU and ELO-MTHPA-2E4MI show significantly greater infusability vs the control at T ≤ 120 °C. ELO-MTHPA-DBU shows greater infusability at T ≤ 80 °C, and ELO-NMA-2E4MI shows greater infusability, in general. These attractive characte...
Investigation and diagnosis of an immediate allergy to amide local anaesthetic in a paediatric dental patient

Local anaesthetics remain the most common prescription medication utilized in dental practise. Adverse reactions following administration of local anaesthetic are somewhat common and are frequently reported as ‘allergies’. However, of these events, it is estimated that only 1% are confirmed allergies to the local anaesthetic. This case report presents the process of referral for investigation and testing to confirm an amide local anaesthetic allergy in a paediatric patient. Testing for a safe alternative was also completed to identify local anaesthetic agents also of the amide variety that could be utilized safely on this individual. Following skin testing of alternative agents, intraoral challenges were completed. Finally, restorative dental treatment was provided safely for the patient with the use of an alternative amide local anaesthetic on a number of occasions with no further adverse outcomes.
Beyond Canterbury: Can Medicine and Law Agree about Informed Consent? And Does It Matter?

Informed consent is central to the law of the physicianpatient relationship, respecting patient autonomy. This paper addresses a conflict between law and medicine in defining informed consent. Additionally, it addresses the possibility that patients prefer not to be “informed“ and would defer decision-making to their physicians.
"Driven to Avoid Errors: CEO Regulatory Focus, Product Recalls and Firm Reputation"

I develop and empirically test a model of the effects of CEO regulatory focus on firm actions and firm reputation. I use regulatory focus theory to unpack the differences in firms’ strategic action...
Factor analysis of regional brain activation in bipolar and healthy individuals reveals a consistent modular structure.

Abstract Background The neurophysiological substrates of cognition and emotion, as seen with fMRI, are generally explained using modular structures. The present study was designed to probe the modular structure of cognitive-emotional processing in bipolar and healthy individuals using factor analysis and compare the results with current conceptions of the neurophysiology of bipolar disorder. Methods Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation among brain regions-of-interest activated during the Continuous Performance Task with Emotional and Neutral Distractors in healthy and bipolar individuals without a priori constraints on the number or composition of latent factors. Results Results indicated a common cognitive-emotional network consisting of prefrontal, medial temporal, limbic, parietal, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate modules. However, reduced brain activation to emotional stimuli in the frontal, medial temporal and limbic modules was apparent in the bipolar relative to the healthy group, potentially accounting for emotional dysregulation in bipolar disorder. Limitations This study is limited by a relatively small sample size recruited at a single site. The results have yet to be validated on a larger independent sample. Conclusions Although the modular structure of cognitive-emotional processing is similar in bipolar and healthy individuals, activation in response to emotional/neutral cues varies. These findings are not only consistent with recent conceptions of mood regulation in bipolar disorder, but also suggest that regional activation can be considered within tighter modular structures without compromising data interpretation. This demonstration may serve as a template for data reduction in future region-of-interest analyses to increase statistical power.
Professionalism in the practice of medicine

Although medicine is universally recognized as the archetype of the professions, it can only be understood as part of the modern medical center, a dynamic social system consisting of the university, the hospital, the medical center and, most recently, corporate managed care. Such a view results in a portrait of medicine as a profession transformed, driven by huge and growing health care markets, its fate tied not only to state bureaucracies, but also to the dynamics of both health and non-health care businesses. The question asked here is how does such a radical change in medical practice affect medical education. Using methods of historical analysis, it appears that medical educators operate as though the educational process itself determines the values, and therefore the present and future behavior of their students. In other words, at the end of their formal education, doctors are fully formed professionals. However, from the analysis of this paper it can be concluded that the physician as an individual cannot function independently of the structure of the society and its general conception of the world. In the structure of medicine s present situation, the ethical standards of professionalism, as they are classically defined, cannot survive. Instead, modern medical graduates, much like their teachers and professional mentors, will be forced to adapt to a situation that is contradictory to the best traditions of medicine. How to stop this process is the urgent question. Three answers are presented.
A phantom based evaluation of vessel lumen area quantification for coronary CT angiography.

Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography is a noninvasive method for visualizing coronary artery disease. However, coronary CT angiography is limited in assessment of stenosis severity by the partial volume effect and calcification. Therefore, an accurate method for assessment of stenosis severity is needed. A 10 cm diameter cylindrical Lucite phantom with holes in the range of 0.4–4.5 mm diameter was fitted in a chest phantom. The holes were filled with an iodine solution of 8 mg/mL. To simulate coronary artery disease, different levels of stenosis were created by inserting Lucite rods into the holes with diameter range of 2–4.5 mm. The resulting lumen cross sectional areas ranged from 1.4 to 12.3 mm2. To simulate arterial calcification, calcium hydroxyapatite rods were inserted into the holes with diameter range of 2–4.5 mm. Images of the phantoms were acquired at 100 kVp using a 320-slice CT scanner. A maual and a semi-automated technique based on integrated Hounsfield units was used to calculate vessel cross-sectional area. There was an excellent correlation between the measured and the known cross-sectional area for both normal and stenotic vessels using the manual and the semi-automated techniques. However, the overall measurement error for the manual method was more than twice as compared with the integrated HU technique. Determination of vessel lumen area using the semi-automated integrated Hounsfield unit technique yields more than a factor of two improvement in precision and accuracy as compared to the existing manual technique for vessels with and without stenosis. This technique can also be used to accurately measure arterial cross-sectional area in the presence of coronary calcification.
Place and community inclusion: Locational patterns of supportive housing for people with intellectual disability and people with psychiatric disorders.

Abstract Purpose This study examines the locational patterns of publicly-funded supportive housing for people with intellectual disability (people with ID) and people with psychiatric disorders (people with PD). Methods Administrative data provided housing locations of 4599 people with ID and people with PD in one urban county and one suburban county in the United States. Census tract data captured neighborhood characteristics. Descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were used to analyze the distribution of supportive housing sites. Results People with ID were more dispersed across a larger number of census tracts with smaller number of residents per tract than people with PD. While spatial dispersion in favor of people with ID was consistent across both counties, difference in dispersion was more pronounced in the urban county. People with PD were concentrated in neighborhoods with more socio-economic disadvantage, more residential instability, and a higher level of race/ethnic diversity than people with ID. Conclusion This study suggests that spatial-analytic method can serve as a useful tool for assessing the extent to which integrated housing is achieved for people with ID and people with PD. Interpretation of findings should be given due consideration of the policy context and neighborhood characteristics of the study communities.
Barriers for Extrusion of a Guest from the Interior Binding Cavity of a Host: Gas Phase Experimental and Computational Results for Ion-Capped Decamethylcucurbit[5]uril Complexes

Factors affecting the extrusion of guests from metal ion-capped decamethylcucurbit[5]uril (mc5) molecular container complexes are investigated using both collision-induced dissociation techniques and molecular mechanics simulations. For guests without polar bonds, the extrusion barrier increases with increasing guest volume. This is likely because escape of larger guests requires more displacement of the metal ion caps and, thus, more disruption of the ion-dipole interactions between the ion caps and the electronegative rim oxygens of mc5. However, guests larger than the optimum size for encapsulation displace the ion caps prior to collision-induced dissociation, resulting in less stable complexes and lower dissociation thresholds. The extrusion barriers obtained for guests with polar bonds are smaller than those obtained for similarly sized guests without polar bonds. This is likely because the partial charges on the guest allow electrostatic interactions with the ion cap and rim oxygens of mc5 during extrusion, thus stabilizing the extrusion transition state and reducing the extrusion barrier. Results from this study demonstrate simple principles to consider for designing host-guest complexes with specific guest-loss behaviors. Similar trends are observed between the experimental and computational results, demonstrating that molecular mechanics simulations can be used to approximate the relative stability of mc5 molecular container complexes and likely those of other similar complexes.
Bayesian Image Analysis

In [8] we introduced a class of image models for various tasks in digital image processing. These models are multi-level or “hierarchical” Markov Random Fields (MRFs). Here we pursue this approach to image modelling and analysis along some different lines, involving segmentation, boundary finding, and computer tomography. Similar models and associated optimization algorithms appear regularly in other work involving immense spatial systems; some examples are the studies in these proceedings on statistical mechanical systems (e.g. ferromagnets, spin-glasses and random fields), the work of Hinton and Sejnowski [14], Hopfield [15], and von der Malsburg and Bienenstock [19], in neural modeling and perceptual inference, and other work in image analysis, e.g. Besag [2], Kiiveri and Campbell [17], Cross and Jain [5], Cohen and Cooper [4], Elliott and Derin [7], Deviver [6], Grenander [11], and Marroquin [20]. The use of MRFs and related stochastic processes as models for intensity data has been prevalent in the image processing literature for some time now; we refer the reader to [8] and standard references for a detailed account of the genealogy.
Innovating How We Teach Collaborative Design Through Studio-Based Pedagogy

Over the past decade, a handful of researchers have studied the most important skills for becoming an effective instructional designer (Kenny, Zhang, Schwier, & Campbell, 2014; Lowenthal, Wilson, & Dunlap, 2010; Ritzhaupt, Martin, & Daniels, 2010; Sugar, Brown, Daniels, & Hoard, 2011; Sugar et al., 2012). While nearly all employers indicate the need for specific instructional design skills and knowledge (e.g., ADDIE, ID models), many of the most requested skills are neither technical nor theoretical, but instead include social skills such as creativity, teamwork, and communication. For example, collaboration was the second most requested skill of instructional design job postings in Sugar et al.’s (2012) findings, while communication skills was the third most requested ability. In a Delphi study of instructional designers in higher education, communication and social skills were the first and second most important skills, respectively (Sugar et al., 2011). In this chapter, we discuss how a studio-based approach to instruction may foster such skills.
Endoreversible heat engines

Abstract This chapter investigates the thermal efficiency and power production of typical endoreversible heat engines at minimum entropy generation rate. The heat engine models considered are Curzon-Ahlborn engine, Novikov’s engine, modified Novikov engine, and Carnot vapor cycle. The operational regimes at maximum thermal efficiency, maximum power output, and minimum entropy production rate are compared for each of these engines. It will be shown that in an endoreversible heat engine, a reduction in the entropy production corresponds to an increase in thermal efficiency. The three criteria of minimum entropy production, maximum thermal efficiency, and maximum power may become equivalent at the condition of fixed heat input.
Evaluation of Patient IgM and IgG Reactivity Against Multiple Antigens for Improvement of Serodiagnostic Testing for Early Lyme Disease

2729 Serologic testing is the standard for laboratory diagnosis and confirmation of Lyme disease. Serodiagnostic assays 28 to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis, are used for detection of infection. reliable in the later 2930 stages of infectionH, however, serologic testing within the first month of infection is less sensitive as 3031 patients’ antibody responses continue to develop. Previously, we screened several B. burgdorferi in 3132 vivo expressed antigens for candidates that elicit early antibody responses in patients with Stage 1 and 2 3233 Lyme disease. We evaluated patient IgM seroreactivity against 6 antigens and found an increase in 3334 sensitivity without compromising specificity when compared to current IgM second-tier immunoblot 3435 scoring. In this study, we continued the evaluation using a multi-antigen panel to measure IgM plus IgG 3536 seroreactivity in these early Lyme disease patients’ serum samples. Using two statistical methods for 3637 calculating positivity cutoff values, sensitivity was 70% and 84-87%, for early acute and early 3738 convalescent Lyme disease patients respectively. Specificity was 98-100% for healthy non-endemic 3839 control patients, and 96-100% for healthy endemic controls depending on the statistical analysis. We 3940 conclude that improved serologic testing for early Lyme disease may be achieved by the addition of 4041 multiple borrelial antigens that elicit IgM and IgG antibodies early in infection.
Optode Design Space Exploration for Clinically-robust Non-invasive Fetal Oximetry

Non-invasive transabdominal fetal oximetry (TFO) has the potential to improve delivery outcomes by providing physicians with an objective metric of fetal well-being during labor. Fundamentally, the technology is based on sending light through the maternal abdomen to investigate deep fetal tissue, followed by detection and processing of the light that returns (via scattering) to the outside of the maternal abdomen. The placement of the photodetector in relation to the light source critically impacts TFO system performance, including its operational robustness in the face of fetal depth variation. However, anatomical differences between pregnant women cause the fetal depths to vary drastically, which further complicates the optical probe (optode) design optimization. In this paper, we present a methodology to solve this problem. We frame optode design space exploration as a multi-objective optimization problem, where hardware complexity (cost) and performance across a wider patient population (robustness) form competing objectives. We propose a model-based approach to characterize the Pareto-optimal points in the optode design space, through which a specific design is selected. Experimental evaluation via simulation and in vivo measurement on pregnant sheep support the efficacy of our approach.
Correction for Hartman et al., "Discovery and Characterization of Thermoproteus Spherical Piliferous Virus 1: a Spherical Archaeal Virus Decorated with Unusual Filaments".

Volume 94, no. 11, e00036-20, 2020, [https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00036-20][1]. Page 1, Abstract, line 10: “micrometers” should read “nanometers.” [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1128/JVI.00036-20
Optimization of MRI Gradient Coils With Explicit Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Constraints

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) limits the acquisition rate of Magnetic Resonance Imaging data for fast sequences employing powerful gradient systems. The PNS characteristics are currently assessed after the coil design phase in experimental stimulation studies using constructed coil prototypes. This makes it difficult to find design modifications that can reduce PNS. Here, we demonstrate a direct approach for incorporation of PNS effects into the coil optimization process. Knowledge about the interactions between the applied magnetic fields and peripheral nerves allows the optimizer to identify coil solutions that minimize PNS while satisfying the traditional engineering constraints. We compare the simulated thresholds of PNS-optimized body and head gradients to conventional designs, and find an up to 2-fold reduction in PNS propensity with moderate penalties in coil inductance and field linearity, potentially doubling the image encoding performance that can be safely used in humans. The same framework may be useful in designing and operating magneto- and electro-stimulation devices.
Improved Crop Productivity Through Optimized Planting Schedules

Problem definition: We study the optimal seeding policy under rainfall uncertainty in rain-fed agriculture and explore its advantage over commonly used heuristics in practice. Academic/practical re...
Low-order model for impact load prediction on walls of navigation structures

Abstract As commercial waterway vessels such as groups of interconnected barges (i.e., barge flotillas) traverse navigable US waterways, collision incidents may occur on nearby structures. Navigation structures such as guide walls are therefore designed to resist loads that arise during collision events. Previous studies involving full-scale experimental impact testing and high-resolution finite element (FE) impact simulations revealed that barge impact loads on wall structures are transient (dynamic) and can be influenced by: flotilla impact-speed, mass, stiffness, and configuration, as well as impacted wall mass and stiffness. Empirical load prediction equations intended for use over wide ranging wall stiffness and mass characteristics often introduce excess conservatism into the design process. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken to develop a fast-running analysis methodology capable of accurately computing impact loads for navigation wall structures with varying mass and stiffness characteristics. Typical “run-times” required by the methodology are short enough so as to facilitate probabilistic design, wherein thousands of such analyses may be required. A standalone “low-order” dynamic analysis procedure was formulated to treat flotilla-wall systems in a simplified low-resolution manner, as contrasted to computationally-expensive high-resolution finite element analysis. The low-order procedure produces time-varying impact loads and wall displacements that are sufficiently accurate for design, yet requires drastically reduced computational resources in comparison to high-order approaches. Presented herein is derivation of an equation of motion for (low-order) barge flotilla impacts on rigid and flexible wall structures. Demonstration of suitable accuracy is achieved by comparing results obtained from the low-order procedure to those obtained from high-resolution impact simulations.
Does Ability Contribute to Partisan Bias?: Evaluating Scientific Research about Political Topics

The influence of goals unrelated to accuracy – such as maintaining beliefs and attitudes consistent with one’s political identity – may undermine objective processing, enabling people to construct ...
Hunting Conspiracy Theories During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The fear of the unknown combined with the isolation generated by COVID-19 has created a fertile environment for strong disinformation, otherwise known as conspiracy theories, to flourish. Because c...
The Frequency of B- and T-Cell Gene Rearrangements and Epstein-Barr Virus in T-Cell Lymphomas: A Comparison Between Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma and Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Unspecified With and Without Associated B-Cell Proliferations

We report on a series of 58 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AILT) and 59 cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTCL-NOS). Subsets of cases from both diagnostic groups were complicated by associated B-cell proliferations, and we performed B- and T-cell clonality studies and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to investigate the relationship between B-cell proliferation, B-cell clonality, and EBV. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays based on the BIOMED-2 collaborative study, we detected TCRγ T-cell clones in 78 and 81% of AILT and PTCL-NOS cases, respectively, and IGH B-cell clones in 34 and 35% of AILT and PTCL-NOS cases, respectively. The majority of cases contained EBV-positive cells, including 50% of AILT and 57% of PTCL-NOS cases, and cases with B-cell proliferations were more often EBV-positive. Although a relatively high rate of B-cell clonality has been shown for AILT, our findings for PTCL-NOS differ from previous reports in that B-cell clonality was relatively frequent. Overall, a positive B-cell clone correlated, in part, with the presence of a B-cell proliferation but not with EBV. Our findings demonstrate that B-cell clonality is a common finding in AILT and PTCL-NOS, and its presence should not negate the diagnosis established by morphologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical findings.
An Innovation-Based Strategy for a Sustainable Environment

This article explores a role for government to provide a solution-focused, technology-based approach for addressing and setting priorities for environmental problems. It is argued that there is a need for a significant industrial transformation or displacement of those technologies and sectors that give rise to serious environmental problems, especially those that have remained stagnant for some period of time and that are ripe for change. Achieving sustainable production and consumption requires (1) a shift in policy focus from problems to solutions, (2) an appreciation of the differences between targeting technological innovation and diffusion as a policy goal, (3) the realization that the most desirable technological responses do not necessarily come from the regulated or polluting firms, (4) understanding that comprehensive technological changes are needed that co-optimize productivity, environmental quality, and worker health and safety, and (5) an appreciation of the fact that in order to change its technology, a firm must have the willingness, opportunity,and capacity to change.
Assembly and demonstration of high bandwidth-density optical MCM

Optical interconnect technology with a higher bandwidth density is required as the performance of high-end computer systems increases. In the previous version of our developed organic optical multi-chip modules, the size of the fiber connectors limited the density. To obtain a higher bandwidthdensity, we developed compact waveguide - fiber connectors which couple waveguides with fibers in a direction perpendicular to the module surface. An assembly method of the organic optical multi-chip module is established, and over 30 Gb/s operation for all channels of optical transmitters and receivers is demonstrated.
Increased glucose dependence in resting, iron-deficient rats.

Rates of blood glucose and lactate turnover were assessed in resting iron-deficient and iron-sufficient (control) rats to test the hypothesis that dependence on glucose metabolism is increased in i...
A Third Way for the Voting Rights Act: Section 5 and the Opt-In Approach

One of the most powerful and intrusive civil-rights provisions ever passed - Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act - is scheduled to sunset in 2007, with congressional hearings on its fate beginning soon. Section 5 requires select localities - mostly states in the Deep South - to ask the federal government's permission before making any change, no matter how small, in the way they run elections. Despite its successes, Section 5 remains extremely controversial. Even experts on the Act are deeply divided as to what Congress should do. Our choice is not, as everyone seems to think, between maintaining the Act's decades-old regulatory structure or allowing Section 5 to expire. There is a more dynamic approach, a middle ground that avoids the problems identified by the Act's critics while maintaining a robust safety net for minority voters. This essay sets out to describe what such a third-way approach would look like. It proposes an "opt in" approach that would privilege local control and community involvement in voting-rights enforcement. Such an approach would provide the right types of incentives for those involved in policing racial politics and deploy civil-rights enforcement resources more effectively than the current system. More intriguingly, an opt-in approach would create a new set of institutional incentives for political elites to pay attention to the needs and concerns of those most affected by their decisions. An opt-in approach thus offers a concrete strategy for tying the fate of political elites to average citizens and integrating debates about electoral structures into everyday politics. By reducing top-down regulation of election law, it may generate bottom-up support for voting-rights enforcement.
CHAPTER 2 – NOVEL TARGETS IN THE CELL CYCLE AND CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS

The chapter focuses on cell cycle and checkpoint control, discusses the rationale for targeting these pathways, and reviews the pharmacology of the agents that are currently known to act on the cell cycle control and checkpoint pathways. Cell cycle checkpoints are mechanisms that monitor cell regulatory pathways and DNA structure before the cells enter the next phase of the cell cycle. Their activation in response to DNA damage either leads to cell cycle arrest to allow repair of DNA damage, or leads to cell death by apoptosis or terminal growth arrest. Alterations of the cell cycle control and checkpoint pathways are generally present in human cancers and such deficiencies can be identified in patient tumors. The dependence of tumors on activated cyclin-dependent kinases and the apparent deficiencies of tumor cells with respect to redundant pathways provide a rationale for the use of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. The key proteins in these pathways have been identified, and these can be used to study the interactions of drugs at the molecular level and for the discovery of novel inhibitors. Various small molecule inhibitors have also been discovered, some of which are in early clinical trials. Gene therapy has also been applied successfully for p53. An important challenge is to integrate the cell cycle and checkpoint pathways in a logical and comprehensive framework, to increase the selectivity of current therapies against specific targets, and to adapt these therapies to individual patients based on the molecular dissection of their tumors.