cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories

This book of "Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories" brings together important cases involving the state regulation of sex, childbearing, and parenting. We tell the story of twelve cases, some canonical and some far less known, involving contraception, abortion, pregnancy, and parenthood. The chapters tell their stories using a wide-lens perspective that illuminates the complex ways law is forged and debated in social movements, in representative government, and in courts. As a field, "reproductive rights and justice” is relatively new, and its contours are quite broad, encompassing the various ways law shapes the decision “whether to bear or beget a child” and the conditions under which families are created and sustained. Some of the cases included in this volume are very much part of the constitutional law canon; more are not. Until recently, these cases have not often been conceived of as part of a unified field of law. This volume remedies that oversight. Reading this group of cases together makes visible forms and effects of reproductive regulation that are less evident when the cases are read in isolation or in their more familiar doctrinal contexts. The framework of “reproductive justice” highlights the intersecting relations of race, class, sexuality, and sex that shape the regulation of reproduction. It examines the many ways law shapes the choice to have, as well as to avoid having, children. The volume addresses decisionmaking about contraception and abortion—the traditional subject matter of “reproductive rights”—in this larger reproductive justice framework, and locates this body of law alongside cases that consider a wider range of issues, including sterilization, assisted reproductive technology, pregnancy discrimination, the criminalization of pregnancy, and access to reproductive health care. The chapters in this volume narrate the cases in ways that enlarge the field in which we analyze the work of courts. To be sure, the chapters tell stories about the individual litigants and lawyers behind important cases. But the stories recognize courts as but one of many institutions in our constitutional democracy, and they show how conflicts over law unfold in the institutions of civil society (medicine, religion, media), in democratic politics (social movements, political parties, and representative government), as well as in the courts. The stories feature ordinary women and men struggling with laws that govern the ways they make families, and show how members of the community, government officials, lawyers, and judges respond. In the process, these stories situate litigation histories in a larger social field, revealing the interplay of bottom-up and top-down forces that provoke, shape, and legitimate judicial decisions, and the role that struggle over courts and rights plays in forging new norms.
A note on Mirsky's theorem

Abstract We give a short proof of a theorem of Mirsky on doubly substochastic matrices and prove generalizations.
Household socioeconomic status modifies the association between neighborhood SES and obesity in a nationally representative sample of first grade children in the United States

Abstract Both low family socioeconomic status (SES) and low neighborhood SES have been associated with higher levels of childhood obesity. However, little is known about how these two factors operate together. The purpose of this study was to determine if the association between neighborhood SES and obesity varies across household SES. We used the first-grade round of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2011 (ECLS-K:2011). Household SES was defined based on income, education, and occupation. Neighborhood SES was defined by the percent of households living in poverty in the child’s school district. Log-binomial regression models estimated the association between neighborhood SES and obesity and tested whether this association varied by household SES. We found the association between neighborhood SES and obesity varied significantly by household SES (p-interaction = 0.002). For children in the lowest tertile of neighborhood SES, prevalence of obesity was not statistically significantly different comparing children with low, middle or high household SES (Predicted probability (PP)lowest 0.20 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.23), PPmiddle 0.21 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.24), PPhighest 0.16 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.20)). Conversely, within the highest and the middle tertiles of neighborhood SES, children with high household SES have significantly lower prevalence of obesity compared to children with the lowest household SES (PP: 0.09 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.11) vs 0.19 (0.16, 0.21) and (PP: 0.07 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.09) vs 0.17 (0.13, 0.21) for highest vs lowest household SES in middle and high neighborhood SES, respectively). Hence, low-SES in either variable is enough to be associated with increased prevalence of obesity.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on women's health and safety: A study of immigrant survivors of intimate partner violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant national and global public health concern, with COVID-19 pandemic increasing IPV and associated health issues. Immigrant women may be disproportionately vulnerable to IPV-related health risks during the pandemic. Using qualitative in-depth interviews, we explored the perspectives of service providers (n = 17) and immigrant survivors of IPV(n = 45) on the impact of COVID-19 on immigrant women, existing services for survivors and strategies needed needed to enhance women's health and safety. Participants reported issues such as increased IPV and suggested strategies (e.g. strengthening virtual platforms). The findings could be informative for providers in national and international settings.
Influence of processing methods on the mechanical and barrier properties of HDPE-GNP nanocomposites

In order to improve the barrier properties of Graphene nanoPlatelets (GnP)–High-Density PolyEthylene (HDPE) composites made by melt mixing, extra processing steps were investigated (solution mixing prior to melt mixing, cryomilling of the HDPE pellets into a fine powder, coating of the GnP with low molecular weight wax or with a thermoplastic elastomer, and microlayer co-extrusion). The associated mechanical properties were characterized by a flexural test and a notched Izod impact test. The barrier properties were evaluated by the permeation to oxygen. Each method resulted in a different state of dispersion and alignment of the graphene nanoplatelets, leading to a specific evolution of the barrier and mechanical properties. Microlayer co-extrusion led to a better relative improvement of the barrier properties versus neat HDPE. Solution mixing did result in an improvement of the barrier properties only if the composite was not further processed by melt mixing and extrusion. Starting with a fine HDPE powder did improve the barrier properties but affected the flexural properties. Lastly, a coating of the GnP with a thermoplastic elastomer enhanced the resistance to impact and barrier properties, but a coating with wax did not show any improvement.
Teacher Candidates as the Teacher of Record Assists Partner School Districts with the Teacher Shortage.

This research essay examined a growing trend in a rural area of the Midwest where PK–12 school districts are partnering with a local university to hire teacher candidates (TCs) as the Teachers of Record (TORs). Many rural school districts are challenged to address the teacher shortage. As a result, many school districts are hiring TCs as the TOR during the TC’s student-teaching experience. Due to the limited research on the topic, this paper aimed to determine if appointing the TC as the TOR was an effective practice. We used three data sources to gauge the perceptions of the TC, the TC’s mentor, and the TC’s administrator. Meeting the needs of partnering districts and providing quality placements for TCs engaged in the culminating field experience can be mutually beneficial for teacher candidates, the school district, and the university.
Inadvertent intrathecal administration of daunomycin resulting in fatality: Case report and therapeutic considerations.

Abstract Background Daunomycin is a chemotherapeutic agent of the anthracycline family that is administered intravenously, most commonly in combination therapy. The authors report the first known adult case of inadvertently administered daunomycin directly into the human central nervous system and the neurologic manifestations and therapeutic interventions that followed. Clinical description A 53-year-old male presenting to the hospital for his second cycle of consolidation therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia t(15;17) was accidentally administered 93 mg of intrathecal (IT) daunomycin. Within several hours of injection, the patient subsequently developed bilateral lower extremity pain, ascending paresthesias, headache, and left cranial nerve (CN) III palsy. Immediately following these neurologic sequalae, a subarachnoid lumbar drain was placed at the L4-5 interspace for the initial irrigation and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). By hospital day 2, the patient's mental status significantly declined requiring an external ventricular drain (EVD) for hydrocephalus. Despite therapeutic interventions, the patient developed an ascending radiculomyeloencephalopathy with deterioration in clinical status. Eighteen days after the inadvertent injection of IT daunomycin, the patient became comatose and lost all cranial nerve function. Conclusions Accidental IT injection of daunomycin is a neurosurgical emergency and warrants prompt intervention. Symptoms can mimic other medical conditions, making it imperative an accurate diagnosis is made so that appropriate therapies are implemented. At this time, therapies include rapid removal of the chemotherapeutic agent from the IT compartment by aspiration and irrigation; however, it is unclear if neuroprotective agents may provide added benefit.
Biotinidase deficiency is a rare, potentially treatable cause of peripheral neuropathy with or without optic neuropathy in adults.

Abstract Background We describe two adult brothers with lower limb neuropathy and one with progressive optic neuropathy. One brother was found to have profound biotinidase deficiency by identifying biallelic pathogenic variants of the BTD gene by whole exome sequencing, which was confirmed by markedly decreased serum biotinidase activity. Case report and methods The first brother had progressive optic atrophy and vision loss over 10 years and progressive peripheral neuropathy with weakness, pain, and fatigue for 20 years. Profound biotinidase deficiency was also identified in an older brother, who exhibited peripheral neuropathy since four years of age, but had no vision loss. Results The first brother's vision loss and neuropathy improved markedly with biotin in six months. However, the neuropathy of the other brother did not improve with 16 months of biotin therapy. Conclusions The first brother's neurological issues partially reversed with biotin. However, the longer-term symptoms of the other brother were irreversible. These cases emphasize the importance of considering biotinidase deficiency in the differential diagnosis of adolescents and adults with peripheral neuropathy with or without optic neuropathy/atrophy before symptoms become irreversible. Although WES initially identified the disorder in this family, measuring serum biotinidase activity was a necessary confirmatory step after WES and is less expensive than performing whole exome sequencing.
Dyadic Analysis of a Self-report Physical Activity Measure for Adult-Youth Dyads.

Adult physical activity levels influence youth physical activity levels, but the nature of this relationship is still unknown. Most research focusing on this topic has been conducted with accelerometers, which are ideal since self-report physical activity measures can be biased. However, self-report measures for physical activity are useful to include in studies to gather information at low-cost. The purpose of this study was to further develop a self-report adult-youth dyad measure of physical activity. This study was conducted using secondary data analysis of the physical activity measures used in an intervention on behavioral nutrition (iCook 4-H). Participants were a sample of 214 adults (M = 39.0, SD = 8.0 years) and youth (M = 9.4, SD = 0.7 years) pairs. Accelerometer data was collected for a subset of youth (n = 122). There was dependency between the adult-youth physical activity data, and a dyadic confirmatory factor analysis model showed good fit to the data and achieved metric invariance, a measure to determine if the same construct was being measured in both youth and adults. Invariance was confirmed across matched versus unmatched sex pairs and some evidence of invariance with youth accelerometer data. Based on study findings, when using self-report measures of physical activity, researchers should measure both members of the adult-youth dyad to get more accurate measurements. Further validation of these findings is needed using an objective physical activity measure, like accelerometers, with all participants and more diverse samples.
A Balanced Scorecard of Leading and Lagging Indicators for Your Electrical Safety Program: Copyright Material IEEE ESW2021-12

Lost time electrical injuries are among the rarest injuries in the workplace, contributing less than 0.2% of all workplace injuries. Yet, contact with electrical energy is a leading cause of fatal injuries. These two attributes, very low frequency and very severe consequence, create a serious challenge in measuring the effectiveness of electrical safety programs. The traditional measurement of injury rates, a lagging indicator, may blind an organization to future injury potential. The low frequency of electrical injuries may result in an organization having insufficient data points to be statistically valid. This paper explores opportunities to complement traditional methods of measuring safety performance with leading indicators to provide a balanced scorecard of lagging and leading indicators to drive continual improvement in reducing the risk of electrical injuries. The paper will incorporate recent advancements in regulatory guidance and voluntary standards in safety performance measurement. Specific references will include Work Safe Alberta Leading Indicators in Workplace Safety and Health (published in 2015) and US OSHA Using Leading Indicators to Improve Safety and Health Outcomes (published in 2019). The paper will include a method for an organization to benchmark current metrics for its electrical safety program against advanced practices to measure and manage continual improvement.
Reconstituting SNARE-mediated membrane fusion at the single liposome level

Successful reconstitutions of SNARE-mediated intracellular membrane fusion have been achieved in bulk fusion assays since 1998 and in single liposome fusion assays since 2004. Especially in neuronal presynaptic SNARE-mediated exocytosis, fusion is controlled by numerous accessory proteins, of which some functions have also been reconstituted in vitro. The development of and results obtained with two fundamentally different single liposome fusion assays, namely liposome-to-supported membrane and liposome-to-liposome, are reviewed. Both assays distinguish between liposome docking and fusion steps of the overall fusion reaction and both assays are capable of resolving hemi-and full-fusion intermediates and end states. They have opened new windows for elucidating the mechanisms of these fundamentally important cellular reactions with unprecedented time and molecular resolution. Although many of the molecular actors in this process have been discovered, we have only scratched the surface of looking at their fascinating plays, interactions, and choreographies that lead to vesicle traffic as well as neurotransmitter and hormone release in the cell.
The effects of physical exercise in reversing experimental atherosclerosis.

Two studies were performed in this experiment. Part 1, a group of cockerels was placed on plain mash while the others were on an atherogenic diet. Eight weeks later it was observed that the plasma cholesterol level of the cholesterol fed birds was increased ten fold when compared to the controls on plain mash. Several birds were sacrificed and no aortic atherosclerosis was observed in any of the controls on plain mash while all those on an atherogenic regimen had lesions averaging 2.1 (based on zero to four). Part 2, nine birds from each regimen were exercised while nine others served as controls. After eight weeks, it was found that exercise had no significant effect on body weight, plasma cholesterol or adrenal weights. The heart weights of the exercised groups on plain mash or a cholesterol diet were heavier than similarly fed sedentary groups. No aortic atherosclerosis was observed in any of the groups on plain mash. The non-exercised atherogenic fed birds had much more severe atherosclerosis than those exercised on the same regimen. The hydroxyproline concentration of collagen in the thoracic aorta was lowest in the exercised group on a cholesterol diet and was less than the exercised plain mash group. Physical activity had no effect on aortic elastin concentration.
Some Guidelines from System Science for Studying Neural Information Processing

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some basic concepts and new insights arising from the information systems' viewpoint. A system model often emphasizes only one aspect of system function to the exclusion of others, as when a computer is considered as merely a heat generator, for the purpose of air-conditioning design. The chapter also presents some models for predicting some relationships between electroencephalography (EEG) channels, including the filter model and alternative models. Properties of system variables, such as informative dimensions and coding are also discussed in the chapter. In biological systems, information flow may be more complex than in the special systems, and one must take care to be explicit in formulating what system is being considered when discussing systems, which seem to have nonpure inputs and outputs. Explicit system models are good communicative and pedagogical devices and help to concentrate on particular subsystems without losing sight of likely interactions from other subsystems.
Media Relations and Corporate Social Responsibility

Many corporate executives are ambivalent about voluntarily reporting a company’s social performance to stakeholders (Dickson and Eckman, 2008). One reason is that credible reporting requires details about a firm’s shortcomings. Moreover, credibility requires that the company’s efforts be externally verified by stakeholders or independent third-party groups (C. E. Carroll, 2010-b; Morsing and Schultz, 2006; Waddock, 2004). This chapter reviews the literature on how the news media cover corporate social responsibility (CSR), the influences on the production of news about CSR, and news effects on CSR behavior. Then, future research direc-tions are offered.
Complete murine cDNA sequence, genomic structure, and tissue expression of the high mobility group protein HMG-I(Y).

Abstract A cDNA coding for the non-histone chromosomal protein HMG-I, or its isoform HMG-Y, was isolated from a murine Friend cell library using synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes. Sequence analysis showed that the 1670-base pair full length cDNA insert consists of a 201-base pair, G/C-rich (74%), 5'-untranslated region, a 288-base pair amino acid coding sequence, and an unusually long 1182-base pair 3'-untranslated region. The deduced 96-residue amino acid coding sequence of the murine HMG-I(Y) cDNA is very similar to the reported amino acid sequence of human HMG-I, except that it lacks 11 internal amino acids reported in the human protein. Based on Southern blot hybridization analysis of genomic DNA, there appear to be fewer than five copies of HMG-I(Y) genes in the haploid murine genome. These murine HMG-I(Y) genes contain a large (at least 890 base pairs) exon that includes most, or all, of the 3'-untranslated region; whereas the much shorter 5'-untranslated region and amino acid coding sequences are interrupted by at least one intron. A single size class (approximately 1700 nucleotides in murine cells and 2000 nucleotides in human cells) of HMG-I(Y) mRNAs was detected at high levels in total RNA extracts from rapidly dividing, transformed cells, but to a lesser extent, or not at all, in extracts from slowly or non-dividing cells.
C/EBPα induces PU.1 and interacts with AP-1 and NF-κB to regulate myeloid development

C/EBPα and PU.1 are key regulators of early myeloid development. Mice lacking C/EBPα or PU.1 have reduced granulocytes and monocytes. Consistent with a model in which induction of PU.1 by C/EBPα contributes to monocyte lineage specification, mice with reduced PU.1 have diminished monocytes but retain granulocytes, C/EBPα directly activates PU.1 gene transcription, and exogenous C/EBPα increases monocytic lineage commitment from bipotential myeloid progenitors. In addition to C/EBPα, AP-1 proteins also have the capacity to induce monocytic maturation. C/EBPα:c-Jun or C/EBPα:c-Fos leucine zipper heterodimers induce monopoiesis more potently than C/EBPα or c-Jun homodimers or c-Fos:c-Jun heterodimers. C/EBPs and NF-κB cooperatively regulate numerous genes during the inflammatory response. The C/EBPα basic region interacts with NF-κB p50, but not p65, to induce bcl-2, and this interaction may be relevant to myeloid cell survival and development.
Bouncing Back: Patterns and Predictors of Complicated Transitions 30 Days After Hospitalization for Acute Ischemic Stroke

BACKGROUND Multiple complicated transitions or “bounce-backs” soon after hospital discharge may herald health system failure. Acute stroke patients often undergo transitions after hospital discharge, but little is known about complicated transitions in these patients.
"Baby? Baby Not?": Exploring Women's Narratives About Ambivalence Towards an Unintended Pregnancy

Unintended pregnancy among adult women is a significant public health challenge in the United States. Research has identified ambivalence as a risk factor for not using contraceptives. The qualitative study presented here examined women's narratives about ambivalence toward unintended pregnancy. In-depth interviews were conducted in 2012 with 28 women aged 20-45 years old who were recruited primarily via flyers in family planning clinics in a rural, Midwestern state. The interviews were coded for salient themes. Almost 40 percent of the women said that they had experienced an unintended pregnancy. All but two women expressed ambivalence, stating that they had both good and bad feelings about getting pregnant unintentionally. Women expressed if a pregnancy did occur, they would just have to step up and "deal with it." They recognized a baby was something special but not without negative aspects. Those who were less ambivalent (and more negative) had compelling reasons why, but even those women expressed some positive feelings. At times, ambivalence was expressed by negative reactions about having a child that coincided with believing that becoming a parent or having another child would have a positive impact on themselves. This study provides an examination of women's narratives about ambivalence toward pregnancy. Overall, women's narratives constructed ambivalence as arising from both positive and negative emotions, as well as beliefs about costs and benefits, associated with unintended pregnancy. Given its association with a lack of contraceptive use, understanding the components of ambivalence (e.g., feelings, beliefs) is important to bolstering interventions aimed toward decreasing ambivalence and increasing contraceptive use.
Studies on a cytochrome oxidase antibody. I. Immunochemistry

Abstract 1. The immunochemical properties of a highly purified beef heart cytochrome oxidase are described. 2. Immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation, passive hemagglutination and immunoelectrophoresis studies have demonstrated that this enzyme is capable of eliciting an immunological response in rabbits.
On the classical approximation in the quantum statistics of equivalent particles

It is shown here that the microcanonical ensemble for a system of noninteracting bosons and fermions contains a subensemble of state vectors for which all particles of the system are distinguishable. This “IQC” (inner quantum-classical) subensemble is therefore fully classical, except for a rather extreme quantization of particle momentum and position, which appears as the natural price that must be paid for distinguishability. The contribution of the IQC subensemble to the entropy is readily calculated, and the criterion for this to be a good approximation to the exact entropy is a logarithmically strengthened form of the usual criterion for the validity of classical statistics in terms of the thermal de Broglie wavelength and the average volume per particle. Thus, it becomes possible to derive the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution directly from the ensemble in the classical limit, using fully classical reasoning about the distinguishability of particles. The entropy is additive—theN! factor of the Boltzmann count cancels out in the course of the calculation, and the “N! paradox” is thereby resolved. The method of “correct Boltzmann counting” and the lowest term of the Wigner-Kirkwood series for the partition function are seen to be partly based on the IQC subensemble, and their partly nonclassical nature is clarified. The clear separation in the full ensemble of classical and nonclassical components makes it possible to derive the classical statistics of indistinguishable particles from their quantum statistics in a controlled, explicit way. This is particularly important for nonequilibrium theory. The treatment of molecular collisions along too-literally classical lines turns out to require exorbitantly high temperatures, although there are suggestions of indirect ways in which classical nonequilibrium theory might be justified at ordinary temperatures. The applicability of exact classical ergodic and mixing theory to systems at ordinary temperatures is called into question, although the general idea of coarse-graining is confirmed. The concepts on which the IQC idea is based are shown to give rise to a series development of thermostatistical quantities, starting with the distinguishable-particle approximation.
PREFERENTIAL POLAR EMISSION IN THE ALPHA DECAY OF DEFORMED Cf249 AND e253

Hill and Wheeler predicted that prolately deformed alpha-emitting nuclei should exhibit enhanced emission from the polar regions because of the lower Coulomb barrier in these regions. Described are orientation experiments on Cf/ sup 249/ and Es/sup 253/ that provide independent confirmation of their predictions. Specifically, the L = 2 component in the main alpha group is appreciable and is in phase ( delta > 0) with the dominant L = 0 wave. (H.D.R.)
SUBJECTIVITY, SOPHISTRY AND SYMBOLISM IN MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

Three common criticisms of management science are highlighted: first, the tendency of researchers to subjectively bias substantive approaches, methodologies and research findings; second, the failure to establish within the discipline a core of consensually validated knowledge or commonly accepted body of truth about the nature of management; and three, the inability of management theory to provide tools and techniques of greater pragmatic relevance to corporate decision-makers. Though a basis for these characterizations of management science is confirmed, their significance is reinterpreted. Instead of being regarded as pathologies, they are viewed as inevitable, and not necessarily dysfunctional, concomitants of the emergence and development of management science as a field of intellectual activity possessing reality and significance in its own right.
Focus issue: RNA, a multifunctional molecule.

This week’s issues of Science, Science’ s STKE, and SAGE KE (www.sciencemag.org/sciext/rna/) focus on the increasing complexity that RNA brings to cellular biology. STKE resources include Reviews, Perspectives, and Teaching Resources. STKE specifically looks at the roles for small RNAs in regulation of gene expression and how mRNAs can be selectively activated from cytoplasmic macromolecular structures, RNA granules, to contribute to such processes as synaptic plasticity.
Bias in estimates of primary production: An analytical solution

This paper addresses the issue of the effect of random error upon the estimates of above-or belowground net primary production (NPP). We show that ramdom errors in estimates of biomass do not compensate but always result in a positive bias in estimates of NPP. Second, we demonstrate that the larger the number of time intervals considered, the higher is the positive bias or overestimation error. An effect similar to an increase in the number of sampling periods is obtained by increasing the number of components utilized in estimating NPP. These are usually taxonomic or functional (depth, live, recent dead, etc.) components. We calculate the magnitude of the overestimation error as a function of the size of the difference in two sequential estimates of biomass and the variability associated with them. We propose a method that uses this error to correct the estimates of NPP for the positive bias resulting from random errors and to develop confidence intervals for the corrected NPP. We suggest that this method will remove the positive bias from estimates of NPP upon which nutrient budgets, energy flow and trophic webs rely. The concepts presented will help in the design of experiments that use production as a response variable.
Global patterns of ENSO‐induced precipitation

Although there have been many analyses of El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) induced precipitation anomalies, global patterns from these analyses remain incomplete. Here we combine recent satellite estimates of oceanic precipitation and historical rain-gauge records to derive a global climatology of ENSO-induced precipitation anomalies using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses. The patterns suggest that the re-arrangement of convection centers of the Walker circulation during ENSO events induces large precipitation anomalies in the tropics, while associated changes in the monsoon systems (through the Hadley cell) over the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and their interactions with midlatitude westerlies generate coherent anomaly patterns over the extratropics. Our results can be used to evaluate climate models and forecast ENSO-induced precipitation anomalies.
The Bohr effect of pyridoxylated hemoglobins

Abstract The irreversibly pyridoxylated hemoglobins were isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The Bohr effect was diminished in both of α- and β-pyridoxylated hemoglobins and more so in the case of α substitution. The reduction in the Bohr effect observed in the case of α pyridoxylation is accounted for by the elimination of the ionizable proton of the α-N-terminal amino groups. On the other hand, the decreased Bohr effect obtained with β-substituted hemoglobin is probably due to the introduction of a new ionizing group, most likely the 5′-phosphate of the attached pyridoxal phosphate.
The importance of calling song and courtship song in female mate choice in the variable field cricket.

Male field crickets produce calling songs, courtship songs, tactile signals and chemical signals. Although calling songs are known to play an important role in female mate choice, the importance of the other signals in mate choice is poorly understood. In the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, females select mates, in part, based on variation in male calling song. Females prefer higher chirp rates, a trait which is partially dependent on male nutrient intake, and females prefer longer chirp durations, a trait which appears to be independent of male nutrient intake. We tested whether females also have preferences based on variation in male courtship song, and whether the structure of male courtship song varies with nutrient intake. First, we reexamined female preference for calling song chirp rate. Then, we examined: (1) female preference based on courtship song chirp rate; (2) the relative importance of calling song and courtship song chirp rate; (3) the nutrition dependence of courtship song chirp rate; and (4) the correlation between calling song and courtship song chirp rate. As reported previously, females preferred higher calling song chirp rates, and in addition, preferred higher courtship song chirp rates. Females were more likely to switch from a speaker broadcasting more attractive calling song to a speaker broadcasting less attractive calling song when the attractive calling song was associated with an unattractive courtship song than when it was associated with an attractive courtship song. Preferences based on courtship song may thus cause females to alter the choices that they made based on calling song. Males that received greater nutrients did not produce higher courtship song chirp rates. There was no correlation between calling song and courtship song chirp rate. As a result, the two traits may provide information to females about different aspects of male quality.
The impact of family members on the self-reported health of older men and women in a rural area of Bangladesh

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the co-residence of spouses and children affects self-reported general health among older men and women in a rural area of Bangladesh. Binary logistic regression has been used to explore the impact of spouses and children on self-reported health with particular attention to the gender of children and interactions with chronic disease. The data are from the Matlab Health and Socio-Economic Survey. A sample of 765 women and 979 men aged 60 or more years with at least one surviving child was available. The principal result is that for an older woman optimum self-reported health is most likely when a spouse and at least one son and one daughter are present. Any deviation from this family pattern (either no spouse or children of only one sex) leads to a significantly increased risk of poor self-reported health. On the other hand among other men there were no differences in self-reported health among the various spouse-child combinations. The relationship between a balanced gender distribution of children and optimum self-reported health among older women may explain the levelling out of fertility at roughly three children per women despite intensive family planning promotion in the area. Further reductions in fertility (an important policy concern) may depend on improving the substitutability of sons and daughters in the support of their elderly mothers. (authors)
Diabetes and progression of coronary calcium under the influence of statin therapy.

Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a sensitive marker for the detection of coronary heart disease (CHD). Coronary artery calcification can be accurately quantified using electron beam tomography (EBT). We sought to evaluate the progression of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic persons with type 2 diabetes and measure the influence of statin therapy on CAC progression. Methods We evaluated 163 asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes (120 men, 43 women). Patients were physician referred and underwent 2 consecutive EBT scans at least 1 year apart. Demographic data, risk factors for CHD, and medication use were collected. Patients with symptoms or known CHD were excluded. Results The mean age was 65 ± 10 years. The mean CAC score at baseline was 651 ± 414. Only 9 (6%) of 163 of participants had scores of 0 at baseline. The time between scans averaged 27 ± 15 months. Patients not treated with statins demonstrated a median annual increase in CAC progression of 20% (4%-44%), whereas statin-treated patients demonstrated increase of 10% (4%-25%) ( P = .0001). Hemoglobin A 1c was weakly associated with CAC progression. Conclusions Asymptomatic diabetic patients show a high prevalence of atherosclerosis based on high frequency of coronary calcification. Statin therapy induced a 50% reduction in the rate of CAC progression. As rapid CAC progression has been associated with coronary events, EBT may serve as a noninvasive method for following atherosclerosis and response to therapy.
Erratum to: The Effect of Limb Kinematics on the Speed of a Legged Robot on Granular Media

In the above mentioned article, due to a systematic error measuring angular position, the penetration force during rotational intrusion, Fp(θ), was misreported in Fig. 4b. Correcting the error shifts the angle of peak force (β0) from −0.5 to −0.75 and increases the maximum value of the force increases by 4% (see figure). Model calculations dependent on Fp(θ) change slightly with the correction (using β0=−0.75 and k’=65 N/m) and remain qualitatively unchanged as do the conclusions of the paper.
Product-based multiresolution image fusion

We combined images from different sensors that were enhanced by multiscale products of the wavelet coefficients. Using the wavelet transform, we used a multiresolution analysis to form products of coefficients across scales. Then, a fusion rule was applied to the product images to determine how the original images could be combined. Using this approach, we were able to decrease the sensitivity of the fusion process to noise.
Evidence for the generation of an electronic excitation state(s) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its participation in bactericidal activity

Abstract Heat-killed opsonized Propionibacterium , shermanii , ( P. , shermanii ) and opsonized live Staphylococcus , aureus , ( S. , aureus ) are shown to elicit a chemiluminescence (CL) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) but not from lymphocytes upon phagocytosis. The CL is correlated with hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity, number of PMN, and bacteria. CL was evoked from PMN by opsonized latex particles. No CL was obtained from PMN exposed to serum alone, nor unopsonized bacteria. It is proposed that the CL of PMN reflects the generation of singlet oxygen, 1 0 2 , which acts per , se , as the bactericidal and/or CL species.
A Low-Cost Cricothyroidotomy Trauma Simulator With a Real Time Vital Signs Feedback System

Many trauma related surgical procedures cannot ethically be practiced by medical students or inexperienced doctors. Therefore, medical simulators that provide high anatomical and procedural fidelity are used. One of the most important things to monitor during such a procedure is the vital signs of the patient. One procedure for which this is important is a cricothyroidotomy, in which an incision through the skin and cricothyroid membrane is made to secure a patient’s airway during certain emergency situations in which an airway obstruction is present. The amount of cases per doctor is further amplified in many developing countries, with many of these clinicians not being able to practice before being in the real-life situation, partially due to the high cost of current simulators. Therefore, a low-cost cricothyroidotomy simulator with a live feedback system that tells the clinician the vital signs of the patient that they would be monitoring in such a situation that includes heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, oxygen content, and ECG was developed.© 2010 ASME
Microwave Photonics Programs at DARPA

Over the past ten years, DARPA has made significant investments toward advancing the field of microwave photonics. This paper reviews DARPA-funded progress in this subject over the past decade. DARPA-funded research has advanced the state-of-the-art for microwave-photonic components, including low noise laser diodes, electrooptic modulators and high power photodiodes, as well as microwave photonic link configurations, including photonic downconversion, reconfigurable optical filters and optical phase-locked loops. These investments have yielded dramatic improvements in spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). Measured performance includes SFDRs exceeding 115 dB · Hz2/3 at 16 GHz using broadband externally modulated links; exceeding 120 dB · Hz2/3 at 10 GHz using sub-octave electrooptic modulators; near 135 dB · Hz2/3 at 100 MHz using optical phased-locked loops as linear phase demodulators; and exceeding 125 dB · Hz2/3 at 5 GHz using optical filtering, downconversion and predistortion compensation.
Evaluating the complexation behavior and regeneration of boron selective glucaminium-based ionic liquids when used as extraction solvents.

Abstract Glucaminium-based ionic liquids are a new class of solvents capable of extracting boron-species from water with high efficiency. The complexation behavior of these ILs with borate was thoroughly studied using 11 B NMR. Two different complexes, namely, monochelate complex and bischelate complex, were observed. 11 B NMR was used extensively to determine the formation constants for monochelate and bischelate complexes. The IL concentration was observed to have a significant effect on the IL–borate complexes. Using an in situ dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (in situ DLLME) method, the extraction efficiency for boron species was increased dramatically when lithium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide (LiNTf 2 ) was used as the metathesis salt in an aqueous solution containing 0.1 M sodium chloride. IL regeneration after extraction was achieved using 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. The extraction efficiency of boron species was consistent when the IL was employed after three regeneration cycles. The selectivity of the IL for boron species in synthetic seawater samples was similar to performing the same extraction from Milli-Q water samples.
Wave Drag in the Planetary Boundary Layer Over Complex Terrain

The concepts of mountain-induced wave drag are applied to the smaller scale problem of the boundary layer over complex terrain. It is found that the Reynolds stress and surface drag caused by surface-generated waves can be at least as large as those conventionally associated with turbulence. Conditions in which wave effects are important are identified.
Electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO mixtures on a well-characterized Pt–Re bulk alloy electrode and comparison with other Pt binary alloys

Abstract We report new results for the electrooxidation of H2, CO and H2/CO mixtures on a Pt75Re25 bulk alloy using surface preparation in a UHV chamber and characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sputter-cleaned but not-annealed surfaces having the bulk composition were used. This alloy surface has unique properties for CO electrooxidation: finite current densities below 0.2 V (rhe), a positive reaction order in CO partial pressure of +0.5, but an unusually high slope in the log i vs E curve, about 220 mV per decade. Anodic stripping of the irreversibly adsorbed CO on this surface also occurs at an unusually low potential, initiating at about 0.15 V, but only about 1/3 of the total amount of CO on the surface is oxidized at 0.15–0.4 V, the remainder being oxidized at 0.6–0.8 V. The polarization curves for the oxidation of H2/CO mixtures containing 0.1–2% CO are, however, very Pt-like. It appears that the low-potential oxidation of both dissolved CO and adsorbed CO on this surface occurs exclusively at Re sites, so that with the H2/CO mixture the Pt sites remain fully covered (and thus deactivated) by COads.
Memory for Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Relationships to Fatigue Variability, Catastrophizing, and Negative Affect

Fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is usually assessed with retrospective measures rather than real-time momentary symptom assessments. In this study, the authors hypothesized that in participants with CFS, discrepancies between recalled and momentary fatigue would be related to catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression and to variability of momentary fatigue. They also expected that catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression would be associated with momentary fatigue. The authors asked 53 adults with CFS to carry electronic diaries for 3 weeks and record their experiences of momentary fatigue. The authors assessed participants' fatigue recall with weekly ratings and administered questionnaires for catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety. Recall discrepancy was significantly related to the variability of momentary fatigue. In addition, catastrophizing, depression, and momentary fatigue were all significantly related to recall discrepancy. Catastrophizing, depression, anxiety, and momentary negative affect were all significantly associated with momentary fatigue. The findings suggest that momentary fatigue in patients with CFS is related to modifiable psychological factors.
A cell culture model using rat coronary artery adventitial fibroblasts to measure collagen production.

We have developed a rat cell model for studying collagen type I production in coronary artery adventitial fibroblasts. Increased deposition of adventitial collagen type I leads to stiffening of the blood vessel, increased blood pressure, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Although the source and mechanism of collagen deposition is yet unknown, the adventitia appears to play a significant role. To demonstrate the application of our cell model, cultured adventitial fibroblasts were treated with sex hormones and the effect on collagen production measured. Hearts (10–12 weeks) were harvested and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was isolated and removed. Tissue explants were cultured and cells (passages 2–4) were confirmed as fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry. Optimal conditions were determined for cell tissue harvest, timing, proliferation and culture conditions. Fibroblasts were exposed to 10-7 M testosterone or 10-7 M estrogen for 24 hours and either immunostained for collagen type I or subjected to ELISA. Results showed increased collagen staining in fibroblasts treated with testosterone compared to control and decreased staining with estrogen. ELISA results showed that testosterone increased collagen I by 20% whereas estrogen decreased collagen I by 15%. Data demonstrates the usefulness of our cell model in studying the specific role of the adventitia apart from other blood vessel tissue in rat coronary arteries. Results suggest opposite effects of testosterone and estrogen on collagen synthesis in the rat coronary artery adventitial fibroblasts.
Sequence Effect on Ampicillin Blood Levels Noted in an Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, and Epicillin Triple Crossover Study

Abstract Amoxicillin, ampicillin, and epicillin (500 mg of each) were given orally to fasting men and women in a triple crossover study. Peak serum concentrations were significantly higher for amoxicillin than for ampicillin and significantly lowest for epicillin. The concentrations of antibiotics in serum were comparable in men and women. Total urine recovery was highest for amoxicillin (56.7%) and lowest for epicillin (27.5%), and higher in men than in women for each of the three antibiotics. Saliva, sweat, and tears contained only very small amounts of amoxicillin and, rarely, ampicillin or epicillin. A significant (P < 0.02) sequence effect was noted in that peak serum concentrations of ampicillin were higher (6.4 μg/ml) if epicillin had been taken the previous week than when ampicillin was taken first (2.7 μg/ml).
Unusual Clinical Presentation of Cutaneous Angiosarcoma Masquerading as Eczema: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

An unusual case of cutaneous angiosarcoma clinically mimicking eczema is described. A 98-year-old Caucasian male presented with a 6-month history of a flesh-colored, subcutaneous nodule on his left forehead with contralateral facial erythema and scaling that had been previously diagnosed as eczema. Despite treatments with topical steroids and moisturizers, the condition did not resolve. At our clinic, excisional biopsy of the forehead lesion and scouting biopsies from the contralateral cheek were performed which revealed cutaneous angiosarcoma. The described case illustrates that dermatitis-like features should be considered as a rare clinical manifestation of cutaneous angiosarcoma. It also demonstrates that these lesions may respond well to radiotherapy as a single modality.