cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No‐till fanning in the United States: Research and policy environment in the development and utilization of an innovation

Abstract The historical analysis of the development of no‐till agriculture focuses on the relevant social, economic, and scientific forces during the decades of development of no‐till into an agricultural practice. Information was collected from historical documents as well as taped telephone interviews with scientists involved in the early development of no‐till agriculture. No‐till agriculture illustrates in many ways the importance of the forces that shape new technology. The data indicate that while technological developments are important to the development of the new technology, it is the interplay between technology and policy environment that best explains the introduction of no‐till into agriculture.
Comparative Genomic, MicroRNA, and Tissue Analyses Reveal Subtle Differences between Non-Diabetic and Diabetic Foot Skin

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, severe disease rapidly increasing in incidence and prevalence and is associated with numerous complications. Patients with DM are at high risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) that often lead to lower limb amputations, long term disability, and a shortened lifespan. Despite this, the effects of DM on human foot skin biology are largely unknown. Thus, the focus of this study was to determine whether DM changes foot skin biology predisposing it for healing impairment and development of DFU. Foot skin samples were collected from 20 patients receiving corrective foot surgery and, using a combination of multiple molecular and cellular approaches, we performed comparative analyses of non-ulcerated non-neuropathic diabetic foot skin (DFS) and healthy non-diabetic foot skin (NFS). MicroRNA (miR) profiling of laser captured epidermis and primary dermal fibroblasts from both DFS and NFS samples identified 5 miRs de-regulated in the epidermis of DFS though none reached statistical significance. MiR-31-5p and miR-31-3p were most profoundly induced. Although none were significantly regulated in diabetic fibroblasts, miR-29c-3p showed a trend of up-regulation, which was confirmed by qPCR in a prospective set of 20 skin samples. Gene expression profiling of full thickness biopsies identified 36 de-regulated genes in DFS (>2 fold-change, unadjusted p-value ≤ 0.05). Of this group, three out of seven tested genes were confirmed by qPCR: SERPINB3 was up-regulated whereas OR2A4 and LGR5 were down-regulated in DFS. However no morphological differences in histology, collagen deposition, and number of blood vessels or lymphocytes were found. No difference in proliferative capacity was observed by quantification of Ki67 positive cells in epidermis. These findings suggest DM causes only subtle changes to foot skin. Since morphology, mRNA and miR levels were not affected in a major way, additional factors, such as neuropathy, vascular complications, or duration of DM, may further compromise tissue’s healing ability leading to development of DFUs.
Variability in operative management of proximal humerus fractures

BackgroundControversy exists regarding the best methods for the operative management of proximal humerus fractures. We hypothesized that trauma surgeons perform the majority of these procedures and...
Characterization of Trans-septal Activation During Septal Pacing Criteria for Identification of Intramural Ventricular Tachycardia Substrate in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background— Identification of intramural basal-septal ventricular tachycardia (VT) substrate is challenging in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We sought to (1) characterize normal/abnormal trans-septal right ventricular (RV) to left ventricular activation; (2) assess the effect of opposite RV pacing on left ventricular septal bipolar electrograms (EGMs); and (3) establish criteria for the identification of intramural septal VT substrate. Methods and Results— Endocardial activation mapping and local EGM assessment of the left interventricular septum was performed during RV basal septal pacing in 40 patients undergoing VT ablation with no evidence of septal scar (group 1, n=14) and with septal scar (group 2, n=26) defined by low septal unipolar voltage ( 40 ms (sensitivity 60%, specificity 100%; P 95 ms during pacing (sensitivity 22%, specificity 91%; P <0.001) identified septal scar (13/26 pts). Conclusions— In patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, VT and septal scar, delayed transmural conduction time (>40 ms) and fractionated, late, split, and wide (>95 ms) bipolar EGMs during RV basal pacing identify intramural VT substrate. In select cases, the basal septum appears compartmentalized as the stimulated wavefront is rerouted to the scar border.
Determinants of drug effects on punished responding.

The effects of drugs on punished responding depend on interactions among a large number of experimental variables. Among these variables are the drug history of the animal, the dose of the drug administered, the type of stimulus used to punish responding, the intensity and duration of the punishing stimulus, the schedule of presentation of the punishing stimulus, the control rate and pattern of punished responding, the schedule of positive reinforcement maintaining the punished responding, the species of animal, the deprivation state of the animal, the behavioral history of the animal, and the nature of the required response. Although it is not known how all of these variables interact to determine the effect of drugs on punished responding, there is evidence that many of these variables are important as determinants of drug effects. The task facing behavioral pharmacologists studying drug effects on punished responding is to determine under what conditions drugs produce their characteristic effects on punished responding. — Mcmillan, D. E. Determinants of drug effects on punished responding. Federation Proc. 34: 1870–1879, 1975.
Development Planning: A Process to Protect People, Ecosystems, and Business Productivity/Longevity

In the post-WWII period, much economic development planning was focused on getting the highest economic return from the funding allocated to development. This was the path followed by some government leaders and their advisory councils that were driven by achieving short-term economic success. They did not understand or understood but ignored the long-term environmental ramifications for their citizens, their municipalities, and their nations. Today, many nations make environmental protection a priority in their development planning programs. Some countries such as China have only recently begun to respond to citizens protests, about bad air (smog, power plant, smelter, vehicle, and industrial/manufacturing emissions), contaminated water and lack of water (industrial effluents, river diversions), and degraded soils and soil productivity (acid rain, lack of water for irrigation). Whether the responses are legislated, enforced, and effective is in question. This is a valid point because China, a country that in 2012, used one-half of the global tonnage of coal and that has plans to build 450 coal-burning power plants in coming years. The increased combustion of coal would intensify air pollution because of the emission of toxic metals (e.g., mercury), and sulfur dioxide gas (SO2) that reacts in the atmosphere to make acid rain more acidic. The emission of CO2 from these additional coal-fired power plants would be an added stimulus to global warming/climate change.
Collectivism: Cultural Concerns

Collectivism is a cultural pattern found in most traditional societies, especially in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. It contrasts with individualism, which is a cultural pattern found mostly in Western Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The article describes some of the characteristics of this cultural pattern, its geographic and demographic distribution, and its antecedents and consequences. It ends with an examination of the implications of globalization and economic development for changes in this cultural pattern, which may involve a weakening of some of its aspects. Especially important are the implications of these changes for well-being and social control. An evaluation of this cultural pattern depends on the criteria that one wishes to maximize.
How Organizational Identity Affects Team Functioning The Identity Instrumentality Hypothesis

How does organizational identity affect team functioning? We articulate and test an identity instrumentality hypothesis that suggests that organizational identity (1) directly predicts those aspects of team functioning that enable, and are instrumental in, employees’ fulfillment of their identity with the organization; and (2) indirectly predicts other aspects of team functioning not instrumental to organizational identity fulfillment. Underlying this hypothesis is the idea that some aspects of team functioning, such as team performance and cooperative team behaviors, are important to individuals’ fulfillment of their organizational identity because the implications of these behaviors extend beyond the immediacy of the team, whereas other aspects of team functioning (e.g., team affect) are not instrumental to organizational identity fulfillment because they are relevant mainly within the team context. We test the identity instrumentality hypothesis by using meta-analytic path analysis conducted on effect ...
THE PHYSICIAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION HAZARDS

Genetic and somatic effects of radiation in children are discussed, particularly with respect to medical and fallout radiation sources. Only a small fraction of naturally occurring mutations can be attributed to background radiation ( approximates 0.1 rad/yr). The dosage required to double the mutation rate in man is estimated to be between 10 and 100 rad, with 15 to 30 rad as the most probable value for acute exposure and 100 rad for chronic exposure; however, physicians treating young patients have a special obligation to keep gonadal exposure to a minimum, since even small changes of the mutation rate have serious long-range biologic and social implications. It is pointed out that the problem of radioinduced mutations is so important that ill-advised statements concerning negligible radiation exposure should be disregarded. The Committee on Environmental Hazards of the American Academy of Pediatrics has recently issued a statement that assesses the genetic effects of fallout in Japanese atomic bomb survivors as nonexistent. It is suggested that this statement is erroneous and embodies a misleading limitation. A highly probable genetic effect has, in fact, been observed in exposed Japanese populations; namely, a change in the sex ratio of children of irradiated parents in themore » direction of fewer males. The misleading aspect of the Academy's report also ignores the recessive character of most radioinduced mutations. These would not be readily detected in the first generation, but would become apparent in future generations when homozygotes are produced. The principal sources of radiation exposure are listed and their relative contributions to hereditary effects are indicated. The order of magnitude of radiation doses associated with various diagnostic studies is tabulated. The average radiologic examination of abdomen and colon, including the fluoroscopy, contributes a gonadal dose of 2 rad, or approximates 20 times yearly background exposure. Relative importance of vari.ous fallout radionuclides in contributing to the exposure of children is assessed. Cesium- 137 and C/sup 14/ contribute the largest genetically significant dose; since the Sr isotopes are concentrated in bone and I/sup 131/ in thyroid, they contribute little radioactivity to the gonads. A survey of radiation doses attributable to fallout from weapons testing in 1954-61 is given. Carbon-14 contributes a large fraction of the radiation dose to gonads as well as to other tissues. Its effect is protracted; only 10% of the total dose attributable to it will be biologically effective by the year 2000. By contrast, all the Cs/sup 137/ from past weapons testing is expected to have exerted its activity by that time. Estimates of genetic damage resulting from C/sup 14/ released during weapons testing depend on whether only the present generation or all future generations are considered. Radioinduced carcinogenesis in children is considered, especially with reference to thyroid cancer for x rays and I/sup 131/. (BBB)« less
The Electromagnetic Properties of Materials Program at NIST

The Electromagnetic Properties of Materials (EPM) program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is described, including an outline of the current goals of the project as well as some details of measurement techniques being used at NIST for characterizing dielectric and magnetic materials at RF and microwave frequencies.
Positive mucin clot test in supernates of cultures of avian embryonic brain.

SummaryThe supernatant fluid obtained from tissue cultures of avian brain, on addition of 0.2 ml of 1 N acetic acid to 1 ml sample. continued to give for over 2 months a mucin clot the formation of which could be prevented by testicular hyaluronidase. This indicates production of hyaluronic acid in tissue culture by cells, other than neurons, growing from explants of embryonic brain.
Determinants of life satisfaction in Canada: A causal modeling approach

Most research studies on Life Satisfaction/Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) have focused on one main determinant and a variety of social demographic variables to delineate the determinants of life satisfaction. However, very few research studies examine life satisfaction from a holistic approach. The aim of this study was to utilize a holistic approach to construct a causal model and identify major determinants of life satisfaction. This study utilized data from the General Social Survey, with a sample size of 19,597. Several multiple regression models were run sequentially to estimate standardized path coefficients for the causal model. Overall, above average satisfaction with life was reported by Canadian respondents. Respondents who were female, younger, married, from high socioeconomic status background, born in Canada, very religious, and demonstrated high level of neighborhood interaction had greater satisfaction with life. Similarly, respondents had greater life satisfaction if they had better health, social contact, leisure activities, more time with family and friends, more enjoyment with volunteer activities, and a greater sense of belonging to the community. Our results suggest that a holistic approach is necessary for understanding the causal process of life satisfaction. A significant number of causal connections contradict some of the findings in literature today. We have provided some possible explanations for these anomalies and policy implications.
A Microfabricated Platform for Generating Physiologically-Relevant Hepatocyte Zonation

In vitro liver models have been important tools for more than 40 years for academic research and preclinical toxicity screening by the pharmaceutical industry. Hepatocytes, the highly metabolic parenchymal cells of the liver, are efficient at different metabolic chemistries depending on their relative spatial location along the sinusoid from the portal triad to the central vein. Although replicating hepatocyte metabolic zonation is vitally important for physiologically-relevant in vitro liver tissue and organ models, it is most often completely overlooked. Here, we demonstrate the creation of spatially-controlled zonation across multiple hepatocyte metabolism levels through the application of precise concentration gradients of exogenous hormone (insulin and glucagon) and chemical (3-methylcholanthrene) induction agents in a microfluidic device. Observed gradients in glycogen storage via periodic acid-Schiff staining, urea production via carbamoyl phosphatase synthetase I staining, and cell viability after exposure to allyl alcohol and acetaminophen demonstrated the in vitro creation of hepatocyte carbohydrate, nitrogen, alcohol degradation, and drug conjugation metabolic zonation. This type of advanced control system will be crucial for studies evaluating drug metabolism and toxicology using in vitro constructs.
Methyl-ligated tin silsesquioxane catalyzed reactions of glucose

Tin-containing zeolite Beta (Sn-Beta) has been investigated as a catalyst for isomerizing aldohexoses into ketohexoses through a Lewis acid mediated hydride shift. Recent studies on the reactivities of Lewis base-doped and alkali-exchanged Sn-Beta samples have conclusively demonstrated that the “open” tin site performs the glucose isomerization reaction. With Lewis base doped Sn-Beta, glucose conversion is almost completely eliminated and product selectivity is shifted predominantly to mannose. These data suggest that glucose reactions may occur through pathways that do not involve the “open” site in Sn-Beta; albeit at significantly lower rates. To examine this possibility, reactions of glucose catalyzed by a homogeneous model of Sn-Beta that does not contain “open” sites, methyl-ligated tin silsesquioxane 1a, is experimentally and theoretically examined. 1a is an active glucose conversion catalyst selectively producing mannose, although the rates of reaction are far below those obtained from Sn-Beta. A hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics model is constructed, and the complete catalytic cycle is computationally examined, considering ring-opening, three distinct pathways for each hydride- and carbon-shift reaction, and ring-closing. The combined experimental and computational results suggest that there could be reaction pathways that involve Si–O–Sn cleavage that give much slower reaction rates than the open tin site in Sn-Beta.
Development of Risk Indices for Neonatal Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) has saved thousands of newborns. Population comparisons for research and quality initiatives require risk-matching, but no indices exist for this population. We sought to create a pre-ECMO risk index using the registry data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. We analyzed 5,455 neonatal (<30 days old) respiratory VA-ECMO patients for the period 2000–2010. Multivariate regression examining the impact of pre-ECMO variables on survival to hospital discharge was performed to create the Pittsburgh Index for Pre-ECMO Risk (PIPER), which was ultimately was based on seven pre-ECMO variables. Each PIPER quartile demonstrated increasing mortality by 15% (R2 = 0.98) and was associated with increased complications on ECMO. Further modeling to include on-ECMO complications (PIPER+), including complications and length of time on ECMO, increased the predictive power of the model, with 21% increases in mortality per PIPER+ quartile (R2 = 0.97). Our developed indices provide the first steps towards risk-adjusting patients for meaningful comparisons amongst patient populations. There may be additional clinically relevant measures, both pre- and on-ECMO, which could provide better predictive capability. Future work will focus on finding these additional measures and expansion of our techniques to include other patient populations.
Series compensation technique based energy management at micro-grid

This paper describes the series compensation method based Energy management at micro grid. A series compensator is attached to series with the power supply. The proposed system which provides relating to specific difference between the supply voltage and resultant voltage. A compensator gets the energy from the power assist circuit. The power assist circuit which is used to deliver the power into series voltage compensator without isolation problems and It is used to reducing the power loss of the converter. As the compensator produces positive voltage and negative voltage which evaluates the step-up and step-down mode of operation with respectively. As a result, the DC/DC converter power rating can be extremely minimized. The DC voltage is controlled by using power assist circuit and It consists of flyback converter. The proposed circuit result is minimized power loss of converter and improved the efficiency. A trail model 500W, 230V and 50-Hz has been evaluated. A series compensation technique based energy management can obtained the maximum efficiency and decreased the power rating.
Long-term utility and complication profile of open craniotomy for biopsy in patients with idiopathic encephalitis.

Abstract Neurosurgeons are often asked to perform open biopsy for diagnosis of encephalitis after medical investigations are non-diagnostic. These patients may be critically ill with multiple comorbidities. Patients and their families often request data regarding the success rates and complication profile of biopsy, but minimal literature exists in this area. Retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing open brain biopsy (burr hole or craniotomy) for encephalitis refractory to medical diagnosis between January 2009 and December 2013 was undertaken. Pathology records and outpatient follow-up were reviewed to determine most recent clinical status of each patient. A total of 59 patients were included with mean follow up of 20 months. The average age at biopsy was 55 years. The most common unconfirmed diagnoses leading to biopsy were vasculitis (44%), neoplasm (27%), infection (12%), autoimmune (12%), amyloidosis (5%). Tissue pathology was diagnostic in 42% of all cases. Overall, biopsy confirmed the preoperative diagnosis in 46% of cases and refuted the preoperative leading diagnosis in 25% of cases. At last follow-up, the tissue pathology resulted in a medical treatment change in 25% of cases. There was a 14% major neurological complication rate (postoperative stroke, hemorrhage, or neurological deficit) and 9% cardiopulmonary complication rate (delayed extubation and re-intubation) attributable to surgical intervention. In this limited series, diagnostic utility of biopsy in patients with idiopathic encephalitis is less than 50% and the major complication rate is 23%. Patients and providers must be counseled accordingly and weigh the risks and benefits of open biopsy for encephalitis cautiously.
Benchmarking health systems in Middle East and North Africa countries

Health systems are not easy to benchmark, in part because the health sector produces more than one outcome. This paper offers two ways of benchmarking the health systems of countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) focusing on two different outcomes, health status and financial protection. The first approach is by measuring the gap between predicted health outcomes based on country socioeconomic status and actual health outcomes. The second approach is by simply comparing the levels of out-of-pocket (OOP) spending in MENA countries. The paper offers some interesting findings about the large heterogeneity in both health system outcome achievements despite considerable cultural and linguistic similarities in the region. Moreover, three discrete clusters of countries are found on the health status measure. The findings also give specific health system target outcomes for MENA countries to focus their reform efforts.
Parallel High-Level Synthesis Design Space Exploration for Behavioral IPs of Exact Latencies

This works presents a Design Space Exploration (DSE) method for Behavioral IPs (BIPs) given in ANSI-C or SystemC to find the smallest micro-architecture for a specific target latency. Previous work on High-Level Synthesis (HLS) DSE mainly focused on finding a tradeoff curve with Pareto-optimal designs. HLS is, however, a single process (component) synthesis method. Very often, the latency of the components requires a specific fixed latency when inserted within a larger system. This work presents a fast multi-threaded method to find the smallest micro-architecture for a given BIP and target latency by discriminating between all different exploration knobs and exploring these concurrently. Experimental results show that our proposed method is very effective and comprehensive results compare the quality of results vs. the speedup of your proposed explorer.
Temporal Domain Neural Encoder for Video Representation Learning

We address the challenge of learning good video representations by explicitly modeling the relationship between visual concepts in time space. We propose a novel Temporal Preserving Recurrent Neural Network (TPRNN) that extracts and encodes visual dynamics with frame-level features as input. The proposed network architecture captures temporal dynamics by keeping track of the ordinal relationship of co-occurring visual concepts, and constructs video representations with their temporal order patterns. The resultant video representations effectively encode temporal information of dynamic patterns, which makes them more discriminative to human actions performed with different sequences of action patterns. We evaluate the proposed model on several real video datasets, and the results show that it successfully outperforms the baseline models. In particular, we observe significant improvement on action classes that can only be distinguished by capturing the temporal orders of action patterns.
Aerospace generators using high-purity cryogenic aluminum rotor conductor

It now appears probable that composite electrical conductors consisting of high-purity aluminum strengthened with alloy aluminum will become available. When cooled to liquid hydrogen temperature, such conductor can be operated at current densities previously considered impossible except with superconductor. Using such conductor, it should be possible to design electromechanical apparatus having previously unachievable properties. To obtain a preliminary estimate of the properties of a high-powered electric machine with a hyperconductive aluminum rotor, extrapolations have been made based on existing designs for superconducting generators.1 This paper explores the limits of this process. Fundamental dimensions are presented for an aerospace generator to produce 50 or 100 MW at 50 kV dc. The layout is derived from the design of the Advanced Superconducting Generator (ASG) previously developed for the U.S. Air Force. The resulting configuration is reasonable from the point of view of centrifugal stress. Results from the ASG, combined with 2-dimensional calculations, are used in lieu of 3-dimensional magnetic calculations to determine the dimensions of the machines. Many parameters of the stator can be selected based on reasonable changes from the ASG. Much detailed mechanical engineering would be required to determine whether the configurations proposed could indeed be achieved. It is particularly problematic to determine whether it would prove possible to design an adequate cooling system for the rotor of this proposed generator. The results can serve as a vehicle for outlining the advances that would need to be achieved to make the machine practical.
Millimeter and Submillimeterwave Receivers

Various types of receivers can be used for millimeter and submillimeterwave astronomy. The choices are amplifiers or mixer detectors. For the millimeter band, in the past, maser and paramp devices have been successfully used, but in the last few years HEMT amplifiers have proved to be the best option up to about 40 GHz, because they are inexpensive, quite low noise (about 1-2 K/GHz), stable and wideband. However, currently, above ~40 GHz the best performance is obtained from mixer receivers and this review will address that topic only. When used in either interferometers or in single dish spectroscopy, the receivers measure simultaneously the amplitude and phase of the astronomical signal and are therefore fundamentally limited by the quantum noise inherent in the measurement process, which increases linearly with frequency. A receiver which achieves a noise temperature within a factor of 10 of this limit is considered to be well optimized, so that the usual criterion for the noise temperature characterizing a single side-band receiver is that it should be ≲ 10 hv/k or equivalently ≲ 0.5 K/GHz.
Toward greater diversity and social equality in language education research

“It is essential to always stay cautious about our complicity with the knowledge, gaze, power, and language that have perpetuated oppression and seek instead to reframe, appropriate, or replace the...
Earmarking Tax Revenues: Leviathan's Secret Weapon?

You’re probably familiar with the earmarking of selective consumption taxes in your state—for example, gas tax revenues may be dedicated to highway funding. However, tax revenues don’t always “stick” to the program that they’re earmarked to. This chapter shows how earmarked taxes can serve to increase the size of state governments because funds can be moved from program to program. Key takeaways: (1) States may justify new revenue sources with the argument that they will fund worthy programs. A lottery may be implemented with the argument that its revenues will be used to increase education funding. (2) Every US state earmarks a percentage of its revenue. In 2005, Rhode Island earmarked just 4 percent of its revenue, compared to Alabama at 84 percent.
Long-Term Secure Two-Round Group Key Establishment from Pairings

In 2007, Bohli et al. introduced the concept of long-term security as resistance against attacks even if later, after completion of the protocol some security assumptions become invalid, and proposed a three-round long-term secure two-party key establishment protocol. Building on a two-party solution of Bohli et al., we present an authenticated two-round group key establishment protocol which remains secure if either a Computational Bilinear Diffie Hellman problem is hard or a server, who shares a symmetric key with each user, is uncorrupted.
Molecular Biology of Tf

About half of deaths and major morbidity of the populations of the advanced Western nations have as the underlying or penultimate process vascular pathology associated with and attributable to activation of the coagulation-thrombogenic molecular pathways. Whereas the general principles, and majority of molecular players in the thrombogenic pathways are known and biochemically characterized, the major challenge continues to be safe and effective prevention and intervention in coronary, cerebral and other thrombotic diseases.
Chapter 8. The Mariel and Balsero Cuban Immigrant Experience: Family Reunification Issues and Treatment Recommendations

This chapter focuses on the differential family reunification issues experienced by Cuban Marielitos and balseros upon entrance into the United States. Treatment recommendations, aimed at ameliorating the emotionally laden reunification issues, are presented within a family systems and ecological context. The overall intent of this chapter/article is to assist mental health practitioners in their therapeutic work with members of a relatively small but distinct Hispanic ethnic group. Two case vignettes are presented as a means of illustrating the key family reunifications issues that have impacted-and continue to affect-Cuban Marielitos and balseros.
Trauma-Informed Care and Posttraumatic Growth Among Bereaved Youth: A Pilot Study.

AbstractAlthough a fair amount has been written about posttraumatic stress disorder among bereaved children and adolescents, less has been written about posttraumatic growth (PTG) and its predictor...
ClimateQUAL: advancing organizational health, leadership, and diversity in the service of libraries

This article is a review of the book “ClimateQUAL: Advancing Organizational Health, Leadership, and Diversity in the Service of Libraries” edited by Charles B. Lowry.
Three-dimensional printed definitive cast for a silicone obturator prosthesis: A clinical report.

Abstract For patients with head and neck cancer requiring a maxillectomy, obturator prostheses help with quality of life. These patients routinely require adjuvant oncologic treatments with significant adverse effects. Treatment sequelae can leave patients with difficulty speaking and swallowing, reduced salivary function, reduction in maximal incisal opening, and at risk of osteoradionecrosis. A 55-year-old African-American woman presented with significant trismus and reduction in maximal incisal opening after treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the left maxillary sinus. She had received a left total maxillectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation treatments. With her reduced opening, she was no longer able to insert her interim obturator prosthesis, which caused difficulty speaking and nasal regurgitation. A cone beam computed tomography scan was made of the patient's maxillectomy defect. From the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine file, a definitive cast was 3-dimensionally printed to fabricate a flexible silicone obturator prosthesis. This treatment has allowed the patient to return to a functional quality of life and could help other patients in similar situations.
A systematic review and combined analysis of phase III trials to evaluate the safety of adjuvant sunitinib in patients with high risk renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.

214Background: Sunitinib, an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been approved in adjuvant treatment of high risk renal cell carcinoma (RCC) afte...
A hardware obfuscation technique for manufacturing a secure 3D IC

3D Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) is an emerging technology that can address many challenging problems threatening the security of the chip by split manufacturing [1]. One of the disadvantages of split manufacturing is the uncertainty in the reliability of the last foundry that is responsible for the complete bonding of tiers. In this work, we present an innovative approach that safeguard the outsourcing of the entire 3D IC manufacturing including the last bonding stage. The proposed technique not only obfuscates the design functionality but immunes the IC against Trojan insertion.
Liquid Chromatographic Approaches to Determination of B-Lactam Antibiotic Residues in Milk and Tissues

Determination of antibiotic residues including B-lactams in milk and tissues has traditionally been done by microbiological assays. Microbiological assays can detect very low levels of B-lactam antibiotics in milk and are thus well suited as screening procedures for residues. They can not, however, distinguish B-lactam antibiotics from one another. Several sensitive rapid screening tests have also been described for detection of antibiotic residues including B-lactams in milk.1,2 These include enzyme inhibition (Penzym), a receptor assay (The Charm test), and various immunoassays. The reported sensitivities of several types of screening procedures for B-lactam antibiotics in milk are summarized in table I. These are capable of detecting several B-lactam antibiotics at levels of <10 ppb in milk. The Charm test is reported to detect as little as 2 ppb of penicillin G and cephapirin. All are less sensitive for cloxacillin with the lowest reported detection limit being about 20 ppb.
U3Si2-SiC fuel performance analysis in BISON during normal operation

Abstract U3Si2-SiC is an accident-tolerant fuel concept currently under development by Westinghouse that has potential to improve economic performance and safety of light water reactors. Since U3Si2 fuel suffers from poorer hydrothermal corrosion performance relative to UO2, it is paramount in an U3Si2-SiC fuel rod to lower the stress in the cladding to prevent any inward leakage of coolant. This motivates a detailed fuel-clad analysis of U3Si2-SiC during normal operation. The SiC cladding is modeled with a layer of SiCf/SiC composite followed by a layer of monolithic SiC. The dependence of thermomechanical properties for each SiC layer on temperature and neutron fluence is considered in the BISON fuel performance code. Particularly, pseudo-ductile deformation and anisotropic swelling models of SiCf/SiC composite are updated. While SiC thermal conductivity is commonly known to decrease as a consequence of irradiation damage, its additional degradation by mechanical damage is also modeled. Owing to limited availability of U3Si2 irradiation behavior models and experimental data under power reactor conditions, several assumptions are made to perform the initial detailed assessment of the fuel system. The results show that the fuel rod designs with larger pellet radius, thinner SiC cladding and larger initial gap width (thus larger cladding inner radius) can be beneficial to lower cladding stress during power operation and reactor shutdown.
The end of a myth: distributed transactions can scale

The common wisdom is that distributed transactions do not scale. But what if distributed transactions could be made scalable using the next generation of networks and a redesign of distributed databases? There would no longer be a need for developers to worry about co-partitioning schemes to achieve decent performance. Application development would become easier as data placement would no longer determine how scalable an application is. Hardware provisioning would be simplified as the system administrator can expect a linear scale-out when adding more machines rather than some complex sub-linear function, which is highly application specific.In this paper, we present the design of our novel scalable database system NAM-DB and show that distributed transactions with the very common Snapshot Isolation guarantee can indeed scale using the next generation of RDMA-enabled network technology without any inherent bottlenecks. Our experiments with the TPC-C benchmark show that our system scales linearly to over 6.5 million new-order (14.5 million total) distributed transactions per second on 56 machines.
EUV Extendibility at 0.33 and 0.55NA (Conference Presentation)

Review of near and long term extension challenges for EUV lithography at 0.33 and 0.55NA. Focus on mask and infrastructure gaps + opportunities and a review of progress made in critical areas to support EUV extension.
Machine-Learning-Assisted Synthesis of Polar Racemates

Racemates have recently received attention as nonlinear optical and piezoelectric materials. Here, a machine-learning-assisted composition space approach was applied to synthesize the missing M = Ti, Zr members of the Δ,Λ-[Cu(bpy)2(H2O)]2[MF6]2·3H2O (M = Ti, Zr, Hf; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) family (space group: Pna21). In each (CuO, MO2)/bpy/HF(aq) (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) system, the polar noncentrosymmetric racemate (M-NCS) forms in competition with a centrosymmetric one-dimensional chain compound (M-CS) based on alternating Cu(bpy)(H2O)22+ and MF62- basic building units (space groups: Ti-CS (Pnma), Zr-CS (P1), Hf-CS (P2/n)). Machine learning models were trained on reaction parameters to gain unbiased insight into the underlying statistical trends in each composition space. A human-interpretable decision tree shows that phase selection is driven primarily by the bpy:CuO molar ratio for reactions containing Zr or Hf, and predicts that formation of the Ti-NCS compound requires that the amount of HF present be decreased to raise the pH, which we verified experimentally. Predictive leave-one-metal-out (LOO) models further confirm that behavior in the Ti system is distinct from that of the Zr and Hf systems. The chemical origin of this distinction was probed via fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Pre-edge features in the F1s X-ray absorption spectra reveal the strong ligand-to-metal π bonding between Ti(3d - t2g) and F(2p) states that distinguishes the TiF62- anion from the ZrF62- and HfF62- anions.
Medical Student Workshop Improves Student Confidence in Working With Trained Medical Interpreters.

Introduction:Many physicians care for patients whose primary spoken language is not English, and these interactions present challenges in physician-patient communication. These challenges contribut...
Evaluation of a postpartum linkage and retention quality improvement initiative for women living with HIV in the Deep South

Retention in care leading to viral suppression is critical to the health of postpartum women living with HIV (WLWH). This quality improvement (QI) intervention was aimed at postpartum WLWH. Utilization of documented barriers and facilitators to retention in care for postpartum WLWH were applied to provide individualized case management and support services for postpartum WLWH who were referred to the outpatient adult HIV program at the University of Mississippi Medical Center. Comparison of post-intervention data showed a significant (p = 0.001) increase of viral suppression rates at 12 months postpartum when compared to the pre-intervention group; 88% vs 52% respectively. Results illustrate the potential impact that individualization of case management directed toward postpartum WLWH could have on future outcomes. Scale up of a low effort, low cost intervention such as the one conducted at this clinic could significantly improve the retention and viral suppression rates of postpartum WLWH in the United States; specifically, in the Southern region where retention and viral suppression rates remain exceedingly low.
Image Processing for Document Reproduction

The technical progress in almost every area of computer engineering is strongly related to cost and technology trends in micro-electronics and Input/Output (I/O) devices.
Pandemic and Pandemonium: Teaching Religious Studies in America 2020

The Buzz captures the timely concerns, challenges, and reflections on the minds of scholars at work. For this issue, we reached out to colleagues in North America to fill us in on the challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the field and how they are responding. In this edition we are joined by Leslie Dorrough Smith (associate professor of religious studies at Avila University), Dave McConeghy (managing co-editor and co-host of the Religious Studies Project), Jennifer Eyl (associate professor of religion at Tufts University), Natalie Avalos (assistant professor of ethnic studies, University of Colorado-Boulder), and Ekaputra Tupamahu (assistant professor of New Testament, George Fox University).
Peak Reduction and Long Term Load Forecasting for Large Residential Communities Including Smart Homes With Energy Storage

Domestic load profiles in the residential sectors are being modified with the adoption of smart home management systems and solar generation. In addition, houses with rooftop PV behave like local generators, contributing to the growth of the penetration of PV energy. Hence, the demand for power is declining day by day. However, the increasing PV penetration causes technical challenges for the power system, such as the “duck curve”. This can be addressed through home energy management (HEM) techniques including peak shaving, load shifting with smart home devices. In this regard, electric water heaters (EWH), with high thermal mass and being ubiquitous, are attractive and low-cost energy storage systems. In this article, a case study for one of the largest rural field smart energy technology demonstrators involving business, industries, and more than 5,000 residences, located in Glasgow, KY, US, is presented. Furthermore, a HEM system, which aims to minimize the total energy usage and peak demand by regulating the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, water heaters, and batteries, thereby benefiting both the utility and the consumer is proposed. This work also demonstrates the ability of EWH to provide ancillary services while maintaining customer comfort. The minimum participation rates for EWH and batteries are calculated and compared with respect to different peak reduction targets. Long term load prediction by considering different fractions of smart homes for the utility is also provided.
"You don't believe in God? You ain't Black": Identifying as atheist elicits identity denial from Black ingroup members.

Objective: Anecdotal narratives and recent qualitative research with Black atheists document experiences of racial identity denial from the target's perspective. However, no research to date has examined whether Black perceivers perceive Black atheists as being weakly identified with their race. Because belief in God is often inextricably linked with Black racial identity in the Black community, we hypothesized that Black atheists would be perceived as less Black than nonatheists. Method: Black/African American adults (n = 343) were randomly assigned to view one of three Black individual's social networking profiles (i.e., a Christian, an atheist, and religion not explicitly mentioned). After, they reported their perceptions of the targets' perceived racial identity and trustworthiness. Results: Black participants, regardless of how strongly they identified racially, perceived a Black Atheist as less racially identified than a Black Christian or someone whose religious affiliation was unknown. Additionally, a Black atheist was perceived as less trustworthy than a Black Christian. Conclusions: Black atheists experience general anti-atheist bias (e.g., perceived as untrustworthy), as well as unique anti-atheist bias in the form of racial identity denial. These findings extend previous research on identity denial and intragroup dynamics and advance our understanding of the relationship between religious identification and racial identity denial within the Black community. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Torture and the War on Terror: The Need for Consistent Definitions and Legal Remedies

This article examines differing definitions of torture and the inadequacies of accountability for torture. The 'torture memos' of the Bush Administration brought to light the problems that arise when torture is defined in different ways. This article contrasts the definitions in the United States with the jurisprudence of the ICTY. In addition to the definition of “severe harm,” this article further explores the consequence of differing definitions of the mens rea for torture, an area that has largely been overlooked in the discourse on torture. The article further explores the ramifications of limitations on criminal and civil remedies for accountability for torture. The author concludes that the mens rea, as currently interpreted in the United States, will result in lack of accountability for torture in situations in which torture would exist under the ICTY interpretation. The author further concludes that present legal actions are inadequate to provide full accountability for torture.
Determinants of a political party’s social media strategy: A comparative analysis of Tanzania’s opposition political parties’ Twitter practices:

The impact of political context on a political party’s organizing and mobilizing strategies has been noted in the literature. Opposition political parties operating in autocratic contexts look for ...