cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role for histone deacetylase 3 in maintenance of genome stability.

Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is the catalytic enzyme in a transcriptional repression complex that contains the nuclear hormone co-repressors (N-CoR or SMRT). As such, Hdac3 has largely been studied in the context of gene regulation of targets of nuclear hormone receptors and other transcription factors that recruit these corepressors. However, gene deletion studies in mice have shed new light on potential cell cycle roles of this histone deacetylase complex. Because of the roles of nuclear hormone signaling pathways in metabolism, the physiological roles of Hdac3 and its activating factors NCOR and SMRT are of great interest. But just as important as its roles in metabolism, is the recruitment of this repression complex by oncogenic transcription factors such as BCL6. In fact, Hdac3 may be a key target of Vorinostat and Romidepsin, two drugs approved by the FDA for use in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These roles in metabolism and cancer have spurred the genetic analysis of Hdac3 deficiency in mice. Deletion of Hdac3 in the germ line led to very early embryonic lethality. Surprisingly, when the Cre-loxP system was used to delete Hdac3 in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs), apoptosis was induced with a delayed progression of cells through S phase and an increase in S phase-associated histone acetylation marks (H4K5ac and H4K12ac). Also, loss of Hdac3 triggered DNA damage, which required cell cycle progression, as no DNA damage was observed in Hdac3 MEFs after serum starvation. Similar results were found after treatment with SAHA (Vorinostat), suggesting that the cell cycle-dependent DNA damage contributes to the therapeutic window of HDIs. Role for histone deacetylase 3 in maintenance of genome stability
Bayesian Calibration of the QASPR Simulation

This report discusses the application of a Bayesian calibration analysis to data from the QASPR project at Sandia. The goal is to use experimental measurements of a response value to obtain information about the “best” values for some of the inputs which go into the corresponding simulator. The simulator is treated as an expensive black-box model, so that only a finite number of runs are available. Towards this end, a fast Gaussian process response surface approximation is used as an emulator for the simulator. It is shown how the Bayesian framework will allow us to explicitly account for uncertainty present in the experiments, the response surface approximation, and the results. In addition to simple point estimates, we can obtain information on marginal and joint confidence intervals/regions as well as correlations among the various parameters. A method for handling multiple, correlated, response measures (such as occur over time) is also developed.
Deployable Materials for Spacecraft Thermal Protection: LHMEL Tests

A set of candidate deployable TPS materials, including flexible ablator materials, were screen-tested at the Laser Hardened Materials Evaluation Laboratory. Both the 10.6 micron CO2 LHMEL I laser and the 1.07 micron Fiber laser were used, operating in the nonpulsed mode. The heat flux levels and durations represented the predicted heating for deployable vehicles for future NASA Mars missions, including dual pulse scenarios. Test measurements included surface brightness and bondline temperatures, mass loss and char depths. The test materials included a range of materials, from woven carbon cloth, as well as carbon, ceramic and organic fiber felts, incorporating phenolic and silicone as additional pyrolyzing components. Performance of these materials is compared to that of SIRCA, which was selected as a baseline standard material. As anticipated, the semi-transparent glassy or polymer materials showed a different response to the Fiber laser tests than the CO2 laser irradiation. The dual pulse behavior of charred material showed stable char and somewhat higher thermal transport, compared to uncharred or virgin material. As expected, every pre-charred material survived the second heating cycle without spallation. The thermal properties of the novel TPS materials had not been characterized at the time of testing, and the test samples included an array of different areal weights, densities and thicknesses, with different chemical compositions and pyrolyzing material loadings.
A General Inter-AP Handoff Model for Broadband Train-ground Internetworking

This paper is to study how to realize the autonomous and rapid inter-AP handoff for broadband train-ground internetworking,namely,not only to execute the handoff process rapidly but also to make the handoff decision quickly.Hence,the special and general inter-AP handoff concepts are presented to describe the complete process that the mobile node switchovers from one AP to another,and the general inter-AP handoff model for broadband train-ground internetworking is built up.On the basis of this model,the RSM based handoff decision model and the multi-radio based fast handoff algorithm TTBC are designed.The network interrupt latency is shortened to several milliseconds and the link quality is maintained during the pre-and-post handoff process while the mobile node is moving along the serial APs with the passenger train.
The Existence and Uniqueness of Weak Solutions for a Generalized Nonlinear Sine-Gordon Equation

In this paper,we studied a class of nonlinear generalized Sine-Gordon equations.By using Galerkin method,we proved the existence of local weak solutions for the initial boundary value problems,and the constant dependence of solution on the initial value and uniqueness.
Generating a 3D Normative Infant Cranial Model

We describe an algorithm to generate a normative infant cranial model from the input of 3D meshes that are extracted from CT scans of normal infant skulls. We generate a correspondence map between meshes based on a registration algorithm. Then we apply our averaging algorithm to construct the normative model. The goal of this normal model is to assist an objective evaluating system to analyze the efficacy of plastic surgeries.
Assessing Geographic Variation in Strabismus Diagnosis among Children Enrolled in Medicaid

Purpose To determine how strabismus diagnosis varies within a given community and across communities among children with Medicaid health insurance. Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Participants Children aged ≤10 years enrolled in Medicaid in Michigan or North Carolina during 2009. Methods Children who met the study inclusion criteria were identified from the Medicaid Analytic Extract database, which includes claims data for all children enrolled in Medicaid throughout the United States. Residential location was determined by the last known 5-digit ZIP code for each child, which was linked to the centroid of a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) for geo-referencing and spatial analyses. International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification billing codes were used to identify children diagnosed with strabismus (code 378.xx). Bayesian hierarchical intrinsic conditional autoregressive spatial probit models were used to determine the risk of a child receiving a strabismus diagnosis in communities throughout Michigan and North Carolina. Maps display communities (ZCTAs) where the 95% credible intervals for the spatial random effects estimates do not cross zero, allowing for identification of locations with increased and decreased strabismus diagnosis risk relative to other communities in the states. Main Outcome Measures Likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of strabismus. Results In 2009, among 519 212 eligible children in Michigan, 7535 (1.5%) received ≥1 strabismus diagnosis, and in North Carolina, 5827 of 523 886 eligible children (1.1%) were diagnosed with strabismus. In both states, the proportion receiving a strabismus diagnosis among black (0.9% in Michigan; 0.7% in North Carolina) and Hispanic (1.1% in Michigan; 0.8% in North Carolina) children was lower than the proportion for white children (1.8% in Michigan; 1.6% in North Carolina). Children living in poorer communities in both states were less likely to be diagnosed with strabismus independent of their race/ethnicity. Conclusions A child's likelihood of being diagnosed with strabismus is associated with characteristics of the residential community where he or she resides. The findings of this study highlight the importance of ensuring that children who live in less affluent communities have access to the necessary services and eye care professionals to properly diagnose and treat them for this condition.
Posterior Fossa MRI in Retarded Autistic Children

Morphological evidence of brain stem but not cerebellar involvement in 12 autistic retarded children is reported from the University of Tokushima School of Medicine, Japan.
Low Dose Clofarabine Causes Significant Hematologic Toxicity in a Phase II Study of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma.

Clofarabine (Clolar™) is a purine nucleoside analog recently approved for the treatment of refractory pediatric ALL. The compound is structurally related to fludarabine and cladribine and has demonstrated activity in refractory adult and pediatric acute leukemias. In phase I studies of adults with clofarabine administered on days 1–5 of a 28 day cycle, the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) among patients with solid tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders was myelosuppression with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 2 mg/m2 and 4 mg/m2 respectively. In contrast, for patients with acute leukemia the DLT was hepatotoxicity with the MTD of 40 mg/m2. Based on in vitro toxicity against myeloma cell lines and its activity in lymphoid malignancies, we initiated a phase II open-label study of low dose clofarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. This trial was designed using an optimal two-stage design (alpha =0.05 and power=0.9) with response rate as the primary endpoint. Nine patients will be enrolled in stage I. If one or more responses are observed, an additional 8 patients will be enrolled in stage II. Clofarabine 4mg/m2/day was given on days 1–5 of a 28 day cycle for up to 12 cycles or until disease progression. Eight patients have been enrolled to date. Baseline characteristics are as follows: median age 49 years (range 43–67), IgG (6 patients), IgA (1), light chain only (1). All had Stage IIIA disease and had previously undergone autologous transplants with a median of 3.5 (range 2–6) prior chemotherapy regimens. Hematologic toxicities were common in the first 6 patients treated. One patient developed Grade 3 thrombocytopenia (≤ 75,000/mm3), but all six had a >50% decrease in their platelet counts with recovery by day 28 of therapy. All six patients also developed neutropenia, Grade 3 (ANC ≤ 1000/mm3) in 4 patients and Grade 4 (ANC ≤ 500/mm3) in 2 patients. Interestingly, the timing of cytopenias was discordant between platelet and neutrophil counts. While platelet counts nadir on day 15, neutrophil counts nadir at day 25–28 of chemotherapy as platelet recovery is occurring. Dose delays of 1 to 2 weeks and dose reduction to 2 mg/m2/day have been required of all patients. Low dose clofarabine 4 mg/m2 x 5 days results in significant marrow suppression with a dose limiting toxicity of neutropenia. Alternative dosing schedules should be studied in future trials with clofarabine. Response data and toxicities for stage I will be complete and updated at the time of presentation.
Experimental Evidence on the Relationship Between Candidate Funding Sources and Voter Evaluations

Money comes from a variety of sources in American elections. It is unclear however whether voters’ knowledge about a candidate's funding portfolio influences how that candidate is evaluated. We present the results of two survey experiments in which we randomly assigned the composition of donors from various categories to a hypothetical candidate. We find that on average a candidate described as having received a majority of his contributions from individuals is evaluated more highly than one who received a majority of his contributions from interest groups. We also find that when it comes to self-financing a campaign, using private sector money is more beneficial to candidates than using inherited money, but only when the candidate is a member of the same party as the voter. Our results have implications for campaign strategy, academic debates concerning the effect of money on elections, and policy debates concerning the effects of increased campaign finance disclosure.
Modelling the effect of race surface and racehorse limb parameters on in silico fetlock motion and propensity for injury

SummaryBackground The metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) is the most commonly affected site of racehorse injury, with multiple observed pathologies that are consistent with extreme fetlock dorsiflexion. Race surface mechanics affect musculoskeletal structure loading and injury risk because surface forces applied to the hoof affect limb motions. Race surface mechanics are a function of controllable factors. Thus, race surface design has the potential to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal injury through modulation of limb motions. However, the relationship between race surface mechanics and racehorse limb motions is unknown. Objective To determine the effect of changing race surface and racehorse limb model parameters on distal limb motions. Study design Sensitivity analysis of in silico fetlock motion to changes in race surface and racehorse limb parameters using a validated, integrated racehorse and race surface computational model. Methods Fetlock motions were determined during gallop stance from simulations on virtual surfaces with differing average vertical stiffness, upper layer (e.g. cushion) depth and linear stiffness, horizontal friction, tendon and ligament mechanics, as well as fetlock position at heel strike. Results Upper layer depth produced the greatest change in fetlock motion, with lesser depths yielding greater fetlock dorsiflexion. Lesser fetlock changes were observed for changes in lower layer (e.g. base or pad) mechanics (nonlinear), as well as palmar ligament and tendon stiffness. Horizontal friction and fetlock position contributed less than 1° change in fetlock motion. Main limitations Simulated fetlock motions are specific to one horse's anatomy reflected in the computational model. Anatomical differences among horses may affect the magnitude of limb flexion, but will likely have similar limb motion responses to varied surface mechanics. Conclusions Race surface parameters affected by maintenance produced greater changes in fetlock motion than other parameters studied. Simulations can provide evidence to inform race surface design and management to reduce the incidence of injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Clonidine use in the outpatient management of severe secondary dystonia.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and effective dosage of clonidine in the outpatient (OP) management of secondary dystonia. Methods A retrospective analysis of children and young people (CAYP) prescribed clonidine in an OP clinic between January 2011 and November 2013 for dystonia management. Of 224 children receiving clonidine, 149/224 did not have a movement disorder and 12/224 had no data leaving 63 movement disorder cases, 15/63 managed as in-patients, 15/48 suffered from tics leaving 33/63 for OP evaluation. Clonidine effectiveness was assessed by ‘yes/no’ criteria in improving 5 areas: seating, sleep, pain, tone and involuntary movements. Results 2/33 motor cases had insufficient data; 7/33 had concurrent therapy leaving 24/33 for analysis. Improvement in at least one area was reported by 20/24 (83%) CAYP: Improved seating tolerance 14/24, and sleep 15/24; reduced pain 15/24; improved tone 16/24 and involuntary movements 17/24. Starting doses ranged from 1 mcg/kg OD to 2 mcg/kg TDS with optimum doses reached on average at 9.5 months follow-up. Maximum dose reached was 75 mcg/kg/day given in 8 divided doses. Average maximum daily dose was 20 mcg/kg/day. The commonest frequency of administration was 8 hourly. Side effects were reported in 11/24 CAYP and discontinued in 1/24 for lack of clinical effectiveness, 1/24 for side effects and 4/24 due to both lack of effectiveness and side effects. Conclusion Clonidine was effective in secondary dystonia management in 83% of cases. A starting dose of 1 mcg/kg TDS was well tolerated and safely escalated. Prospective objective evaluation is now required to confirm the efficacy of clonidine.
Thermal Conductivity Degradation and Microstructural Damage Characterization in Low-Dose Ion Beam-Irradiated 3C-SiC

This study assesses the impact of low-dose and low-temperature irradiation on the properties of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC). 3C-SiC was irradiated with Kr ions to different fluences at 420 K (147 °C). Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the impact of irradiation-induced defects on vibrational modes and time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) was used to measure thermal conductivity. We observe a noticeable reduction in thermal conductivity with increasing fluence. Analysis of Raman spectra reveals the longitudinal optical (LO) and transverse optical (TO) modes with noticeable peak broadening of LO mode with increasing dosage. We also notice a decrease of ratio of peak intensities of LO and TO modes in irradiated samples. We observe a correlation between the thermal conductivity reduction and the decrease in the peak intensity ratio and attribute this to the accumulation of charged vacancy defects.
Time to Overhaul the “Rule Out Sepsis” Workup

For neonatologists, decisions about how to manage well-appearing newborns with risk factors for sepsis remain fraught. Maternal chorioamnionitis (inflammation of the chorion and amnion) caused by intrauterine bacterial infection affects 0.1% to 2% of pregnancies1,2 and increases the newborn’s risk of early-onset sepsis.1,3 For this reason, clinical guidelines published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 20104 and the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2012 (with a subsequent clarifying supplement in 2013)5,6 recommended that all well-appearing term newborns whose mothers were diagnosed with chorioamnionitis undergo laboratory screening for sepsis, including blood culture, and receive at least 48 hours of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. However, consensus has shifted in the years since these recommendations were published. Multiple studies and commentaries have suggested that performing sepsis evaluations on all well-appearing term newborns with a maternal history of chorioamnionitis is unnecessary and may have significant downsides, including: interference with breastfeeding and bonding; alteration of the neonatal microbiome (with uncertain long-term consequences); and risk of … Address correspondence to Richard A. Polin, MD, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, 3959 Broadway, CHC102, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: rap32{at}cumc.columbia.edu
Quality and performance evaluation of the algorithms KMART and FCM for fuzzy clustering and categorization

In this paper we present a comparison of two fuzzy text document clustering algorithms. First of them is KMART algorithm, neural network based on Fuzzy ART neural network and the second algorithm is Fuzzy C-Means based on K-Means algorithm. The paper is aimed to compare the quality and performance of both algorithms on the set of real, contextually similar text documents falling into more categories at the same time.
Grazing of crop residues: Impacts on soils and crop production

Abstract Integration of crops with livestock is receiving increased attention to improve soil productivity and environmental quality. Grazing of crop residues is an important practice, particularly under the current scenarios of decreasing grassland areas and increasing feed costs. While many have discussed the implications of grazing grasslands on soil properties and productivity, impacts of grazing crop residues on soil and crop productivity have not been widely discussed. We reviewed and synthesized published research information on the impacts of crop residue grazing on soil properties and crop yields, discussed factors influencing grazing effects, and identified research gaps. Our review indicates that residue grazing can increase penetration resistance (compaction parameter) by 0.27–0.84 MPa in the upper 25 cm soil depth, but this increase in compaction does not generally result in reduced crop yields. Residue grazing has small or no effect on soil bulk density, wind and water erosion, and hydraulic properties. Residue grazing generally has a positive impact on soil nutrients. Indeed, moderate grazing may increase soil organic matter concentration, in some cases, compared to no grazing. Overgrazing can, however, reduce organic matter concentration in the long term. Crop residue grazing, in general, does not affect crop yields unless grazing occurs when the soil is wet. Information is limited on the impact of residue grazing on water and wind erosion, greenhouse gas emissions, and soil biological properties. Further studies should compare grazing effects on soils and crop production under different cropping systems, animal stocking rates, soil types, residue production levels, and climatic zones. Overall, grazing of crop residues appears to have small or no negative effects on soil and crop production, which suggests that crop residue grazing can be a viable component of integrated crop-livestock systems to sustain overall agricultural production.
The microRNA-200 family coordinately regulates cell adhesion and proliferation in hair morphogenesis

The microRNA (miRNA)-200 (miR-200) family is highly expressed in epithelial cells and frequently lost in metastatic cancer. Despite intensive studies into their roles in cancer, their targets and functions in normal epithelial tissues remain unclear. Importantly, it remains unclear how the two subfamilies of the five-miRNA family, distinguished by a single nucleotide within the seed region, regulate their targets. By directly ligating miRNAs to their targeted mRNA regions, we identify numerous miR-200 targets involved in the regulation of focal adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and Hippo/Yap signaling. The two subfamilies bind to largely distinct target sites, but many genes are coordinately regulated by both subfamilies. Using inducible and knockout mouse models, we show that the miR-200 family regulates cell adhesion and orientation in the hair germ, contributing to precise cell fate specification and hair morphogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that combinatorial targeting of many genes is critical for miRNA function and provide new insights into miR-200's functions.
Electric Field Modulation of the Fluorescence Lineshape for Photosynthetic Reaction Centers: A New Probe of the Primary Electron Transfer Mechanism

The rate of an electron transfer reaction such as the initial charge separation step in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center (RC) is expected to be sensitive to an applied electric field [1], The origin of this sensitivity can be seen by reference to Figure 1: assuming that the initial charge-separated state, generically called P+I−, has a dipole moment, the free energy change, ΔG°, for the initial 1P → P+I− step and consequently the rate for this reaction should depend on an externally applied electric field. The precise mapping of ΔG° into rate for this reaction is not known. Various models have been proposed for the dependence of this rate on ΔG° [1–3]. In most cases a strong dependence of the rate on electric field is predicted.
On the Dynamic Elastic Limit

The fact that the elastic limit of some solids increases with increasing stress rate has been qualitatively and semiquantitatively established for many decades. Well known experimental difficulties have impeded reliable quantitative measurements of the magnitude or, in some solids, even the existence of such an increase of the elastic limit with stress rate.
Tissue oximetry during cardiac surgery and in the cardiac intensive care unit: A prospective observational trial.

Background: Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has well-documented benefits during cardiac surgery. The authors tested the hypothesis that NIRS technology can be used at other sites as a tissue oximeter during cardiac surgery and in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Aims: To establish feasibility of monitoring tissue oximetry during and after cardiac surgery, to examine the correlations between tissue oximetry values and cerebral oximetry values, and to examine correlations between oximetry values and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in order to test whether cerebral oximetry can be used as an index organ. Settings and Designs: A large, single-center tertiary care university hospital prospective observational trial of 31 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was conducted. Materials and Methods: Oximetry stickers were applied to both sides of the forehead, the nonarterial line forearm, and the skin above one paraspinal muscle. Data were collected from before anesthesia induction until extubation or for at least 24 h in patients who remained intubated. Statistical Analysis: Categorical variables were evaluated with Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, while Wilcoxon rank-sum tests or student's t-tests were used for continuous variables. Results: The correlation between cerebral oximetry values and back oximetry values ranged from r = 0.37 to 0.40. The correlation between cerebral oximetry values and forearm oximetry values ranged from r = 0.11 to 0.13. None of the sites correlated with MAP. Conclusions: Tissue oximetry at the paraspinal muscle correlates with cerebral oximetry values while at the arm does not. Further research is needed to evaluate the role of tissue oximetry on outcomes such as acute renal failure, prolonged need for mechanical ventilation, stroke, vascular ischemic complications, prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay, and mortality in cardiac surgery.
BEASY: A BOUNDARY ELEMENT SYSTEM FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

This paper describes the structural analysis capabilities of the boundary element analysis system (BEASY) developed at the Computational Mechanics Centre, Southampton, England. The code is based on the boundary element technique and can be used to solve two-dimensional, axisymmetric and three-dimensional potential and elastostatics problems. Only the boundary needs to be discretized, thus reducing by one dimension the data required to run a problem. The code has excellent pre- and postprocessing facilities and can be interfaced to a range of well-known data generating and postprocessing systems.
Irritable bowel syndrome is underdiagnosed and ineffectively managed among endurance athletes

Lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common among endurance athletes and can impair performance. Symptom characteristics are similar to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). No previous research has examined IBS diagnosis (medically or by diagnostic criteria) within this population. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of IBS among endurance athletes and examine their GI symptom management strategies. A previously validated, online questionnaire assessed IBS diagnosis, the meeting of IBS diagnostic criteria (Rome III or Manning), general GI symptoms, and symptom mitigation strategies of endurance athletes. The questionnaire was distributed to United States athletes completing a marathon, ultra-marathon, half-distance triathlon, or full-distance triathlon. Medically diagnosed IBS was reported by 2.8% of endurance athletes. The total prevalence of IBS (n = 430) was 9.8% (medical diagnosis and Rome III). Athletes with IBS experienced more frequent symptoms during exercise as well as at rest; however, only 47.6% had consulted a medical professional. Over 56% of athletes experienced at least 1 symptom sometimes, often, or always during training and competition and 18.6% had symptoms that sometimes or often interrupted/prevented training. Almost half (45.8%) of athletes and 80.0% of athletes with IBS reported trying nutritional modifications to help ease symptoms while 20.6% and 52.4% used over-the-counter medications, respectively. Novelty Most endurance athletes who suffer from IBS are undiagnosed, while even more experience GI symptoms but do not fit diagnostic criteria. Despite using various symptom management methods, endurance athletes are still experiencing symptoms and could potentially benefit from current IBS-mitigating strategies.
Precision, Priority, and Proxies in Mathematical Modelling

In recent years, scholars have moved away from “modelling as a vehicle” to learn mathematics approaches and have instead emphasized the value of modelling as content in its own right. This shift has raised tensions in how to reconcile authentic mathematical modelling with curricular aims. The aim of the research study reported in this chapter is to explore one aspect of this tension: the divergence of student thinking from the task-writer’s intentions. Analysis of task-based cognitive interviews led to two interrelated findings: participants’ choices did not lead to intended solutions (nor to curricular objectives) and participants’ choices were guided by their giving priority to variables and assumptions that aligned with their desire to reflect precision and complexity of their lived experiences of the task situations being modelled. Two common interpretations of such findings are to fault the participants as incapable of applying their knowledge to solve the problems or to fault the tasks as being inauthentic. I use actor-oriented theory of transfer to reconcile these opposing views.
Validation Study of the Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) Tool in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Analysis.

Objective The Transfusion Risk and Clinical Knowledge (TRACK) scoring system has been developed for predicting perioperative blood transfusions. However, the TRACK score needs to be validated externally in the US population. The primary objective of this study is to validate TRACK at the authors’ institution. Design This study was a single-center retrospective analysis. Setting Operating room and intensive care units of academic medical center. Participants Adult cardiac surgery patients. Interventions The authors retrospectively queried all cardiac surgeries at the authors’ institution between 2010 and 2015 from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database. The TRACK scores were determined for all patients. The authors used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess the discriminatory power of TRACK in predicting any perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative transfusions. The maximum Youden's index was used to determine optimal cutoff scores for predicting perioperative transfusions. Measurements and Main Results The authors analyzed 2,776 cardiac surgery patients with 51.8% transfused perioperatively. The average TRACK score (mean ± standard deviation) in transfused versus non-transfused patients was 12.4 ± 7.2 versus 6.1 ± 5.4, respectively (p Conclusion This study demonstrates the validity of the TRACK score in predicting blood perioperative transfusions in cardiac surgery patients at the authors’ institution. This study supports the external validity of TRACK and adds to its clinical utility by establishing cutoff scores for identifying patients at high risk of transfusion.
Nursing: Tools for the selection of library resources

The selection of resources for nursing is influenced by the type of nurse client and the institutional setting. Clients include students, professionals and educators. They may use academic and public libraries or resource centers in patient care settings such as hospitals. Nursing collections support four purposes: education, research, clinical care, and accreditation. Current resources predominate. A variety of formats are selected, some unique to nursing. While none of the nursing selection tools adequately addresses every purpose and meets the needs of all client types and institutions, the Brandon/Hill lists have broadest applicability. These and other selection tools are evaluated.
Written in Code: Exploring the Negative Effects of Acronyms in News Headlines

Through two experiments (N1 = 131, N 2 = 520), this study looks at whether the negative effects of acronyms and abbreviations in headlines are based on their presence or their difficulty. In all, ...
Recovery of Real Estate Returns for Portfolio Allocation

Appraisal-based return indexes may not approximate the "true" real estate return distributions because of understated return volatility. Recovery of returns from reported, appraisal-based returns may be possible by evoking models to correct for appraisal-based smoothing of the second moment. Because recovery intentionally alters the volatility of the reported return distribution and the correlations among assets in the portfolio, the weights to real estate are likely affected. Our examination of the portfolio implications of altering the return distribution indicates that weights may be quite sensitive to the effects of recovery across a reasonable range of correlation regimes. A comparative analysis of several recover models reveals that all models achieve the objective of inflating the volatility of reported returns. However, the models also change the mean of the return distribution which either counteracts of magnifies the effect of the volatility change on allocations. These findings bring into question the applicability of recovery models in their current form.
To see or not to see: a cross-sectional study suggesting lack of bias towards authors in the peer-review process.

Scientific manuscript peer review has a 300-year history, but formal analysis of validity of peer review began in the late 20th century.1 Peer review bias was suggested in the 1980s,2 but in a 1997 congress,2 no significant reviewer bias was detected.3 Within dermatology, the peer review process has hardly been studied. The majority of dermatology journals have a single-blind (SB) peer review process, with reviewers informed of author identity, but authors unaware of reviewers'. Few journals have a double-blind (DB) process, such that neither authors nor reviewers are aware of identity. We conducted a cross-sectional study investigating associations between peer review blinding and author publication metrics.
Physical and Mental Disabilities among the Gender-Diverse Population Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, BRFSS (2017-2019): A Propensity-Matched Analysis.

This propensity-matched analysis utilized the publicly available Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017–2019) data to compare the burden of disabilities among transgender/non-binary (TGNB) and cisgender groups. The groups were matched (1:1 ratio) on demographic variables using Nearest Neighborhood Matching. Categorical variables were compared among groups using a Chi-square analysis to test differences in the proportions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was fit to predict the likelihood of the physical and mental disabilities among the TGNB group compared with the cisgender group while controlling for healthcare access factors, income, and employment. Survey weights were included in the model to account for the complex survey design. In a weighted sample of 664,103 respondents, only 2827 (0.4%) self-identified as TGNB. In the matched sample, a higher proportion of the TGNB group belonged to the low-income group (39.5% vs. 29.8%, p < 0.001), were unable to work (12.5% vs. 8.6%, p < 0.001), and delayed care due to cost barriers (19.0% vs. 12.4%, p < 0.001). Compared with the cisgender group, the odds of having difficulty making decisions were 1.94 times higher (95% CI: 1.67–2.27) and odds of difficulty walking were 1.38 times higher (95% CI: 1.19, 1.59) among the TGNB group. Additionally, the TGNB group had 59.8% higher adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (aOR 1.598, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.256, 2.034) of experiencing difficulty dressing and 83.3% higher odds (aOR 1.833, 95% CI: 1.533, 2.191) in having difficulty doing things alone. The findings of this study advocate for developing policies and interventions to deliver culturally competent care to the TGNB population with disabilities.
Atrial flutter following Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy during percutaneous intervention of left anterior descending disease.

A 72-year-old woman undergoing percutaneous intervention to a calcified proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery lesion using Shockwave Intravascular Lithotripsy (S-IVL) developed new atrial flutter. She then returned to sinus rhythm after treatment with amiodarone. S-IVL can cause cardiomyocyte depolarization. We hypothesize that pacing can occur during atrial repolarization, inducing supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and even triggering atrial macro re-entrant circuits. We recommend synchronizing shock wave delivery with R waves on the electrocardiogram to lower the risk of arrhythmias.
Abstract 17171: Educational and Support Needs of Women with an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator: a Qualitative Study

Introduction: The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has reduced mortality from sudden cardiac death. It has been shown some recipients have difficulty adjusting to the device. However, women have been underrepresented in these studies. The purpose was to explore how women experience living with an ICD and their related needs for education and support. Methods: A sample of 20 female ICD recipients living with their device for at least two months were enrolled in this qualitative descriptive study from cardiology outpatient clinics. The women completed a sociodemographic survey, and participated in in-depth, semi-structured interviews lasting 1-2 hours. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and augmented with field notes. Qualitative data were analyzed using content thematic analysis to reveal themes about living with an ICD, symptoms, and educational and support needs. Results: The sample (70% Caucasian) ranged in age from 26 to 71 years (mean = 51.95 ± 13.3). Women had an ICD for a mean of 2.82 ± 3.84 years; 55% were divorced/single; 60% were employed; and 85% had some college or a degree. Most (80%) had not received an ICD shock; 55% had cardiomyopathy; and 45% had heart failure symptoms. Six qualitative themes emerged from the data about women’s experiences, educational, and support needs related to the device: 1) making decisions, 2) needing more specific information, 3) managing symptoms, 4) person versus device focus, 5) leading a normal life, and 6) what the future holds. Data revealed written ICD information had limited value and provider accessibility was beneficial. Conclusions: The findings suggest women living with an ICD would benefit from educational and support interventions that consider a person versus device-focused approach in decision making about their treatment options and symptom management. Future studies testing interventions to improve adjustment are warranted.
Social Factor Versus Utilitarian Technology: Social Marketing Versus Utilitarian Market

A expansao e a convergencia tecnologica de servicos vem ampliando e modificando a utilizacao de produtos e servicos no setor telecomunicacoes, criando um novo mercado e ampliando seu publico alvo pelas diversas caracteristicas de utilizacao. O artigo desenvolvido apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa, pelo estudo netnografico (uma nova estrutura de avaliacao qualitativa, onde discussoes tematicas sao retiradas de websites de confianca para serem organizados dado as palavras chaves utilizadas, passando posteriormente por um processo de codificacao e interpretacao sobre os fatores pesquisados) baseado no consumo e comportamento do uso do iPhone, aparelho movel celular com diversas integracoes de produtos e convergencias de servicos. Nesta pesquisa, foram avaliados os fatores utilitarios e sociais / hedonicos, apresentando que o mercado do setor possui uma nova gama de servicos, atraindo novos grupos de usuarios ao seu contexto, deixando assim cada vez mais diversificado o tipo de marketing utilizado no setor. O fator social (imagem pessoal) e apontado como fator primario na decisao de escolha e uso do dispositivo, onde a apresentacao no mercado e marketing para estes produtos estimulam cada vez mais a utilidade como um valor social. Identificando o dispositivo celular como um produto utilitario dado o tipo de servico e utilizacao a que este se propoe, acredita-se que este mercado utilitario muda seu sentido quando certa quantidade de integracoes sao hedonicas amplificando a diversificacao de uso, os valores sociais e hedonicos. Os autores definem este uso de um produto tecnologico com diversas integracoes hedonicas como um comportamento utilitario social, onde a utilidade do produto passa a ser social (apresentacao pessoal ou diversao individual).
Interventional Radiological Treatment of Renal Transplant Complications: A Pictorial Review

Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with chronic renal failure, which produces a dramatic improvement in the quality of life and survival rates, in comparison to long-term dialysis. Nowadays, new imaging modalities allow early diagnosis of complications, and thanks to the recent developments of interventional techniques, surgery may be avoided in most cases. Knowledge in the types of renal transplant complications is fundamental for a correct pre-operative planning. In this article, we described the most common or clinically relevant renal transplant complications and explained their interventional management.
2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-3-o-methyl-D-glucose synthesis and animal biodistribution studies.

Abstract The synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluro-3- o- methyl- D -glucose is described. The distribution in mice shows an initial uptake of 2% in the brain which decreases to 1.5% at 60 min. Images of 18F activity in dogs exhibited uniform distribution of activity in head and chest.
Learning by the Sun: Observing Seasonal Declination with a Vertical Sundial.

We designed and constructed a sundial for the purpose of observing the declination of the sun and thus marking solar seasonal variation. The 122 × 122 cm vertical sundial on the south-facing wall of our library has two unusual features: a nodus on the gnomon that casts a shadow of a point for marking the height of the sun and a large blank working space for students to mark the shadow of the nodus at different hours of the day and to connect the marks of 1 day in a line of declination. We discuss the design of a dial that emphasizes a working space for observations on solar declination, methods for determining the position of the nodus such that lines of declination can be observed every day of the year, mathematical procedures that minimize error in laying out the hour lines for this unusual design, the type of materials that are best suited for this design, and how students in an interdisciplinary honors colloquium on seasonal rhythms used the sundial. We also include two appendices on general sundial construction that indicates the information designers need to construct their own sundials.
Women and Politics in Cities: Determinants of the Descriptive Representation of Women in City Halls and Councils

Milwaukee is typical in terms of politics and gender since its mayor is male and men comprise a majority of the members of the city council. Atlanta is atypical. The mayor is a woman and women comprise a majority of council members. This presents a puzzle: Why is the descriptive representation of women in policymaking positions higher in some cities than it is in other cities? Surprisingly, despite a strong body of work on the descriptive representation of women in state policymaking positions, research on the presence of women in municipal policymaking positions is limited in empirical scope and theoretical development. To explain variation in the gender composition of city councils, most scholars have looked primarily or even exclusively at the effects of electoral and institutional structures. Furthermore, while studies examine the election of women to city councils (Alozie and Manganaro 1993; Herrick and Welch 1992; Bullock and MacManus 1991; MacManus and Bullock 1988, 1989; Trounstine and Valdini 2008), the election of female mayors and whether the presence of women mayors and council members are interdependent phenomena remain untested. Our study is different. First, we employ an original dataset of 239 cities with populations of 100,000 or more to update and expand the empirical reach of our knowledge. Second, we develop and test hypotheses that attempt to explain how the social, socioeconomic, and political attributes of cities affect women’s descriptive representation in local office. Our empirical models reveal that the election of women as council members and mayors are, indeed, interdependent phenomena. We also find that political, social, and socioeconomic characteristics of local communities are consequential for predicting the presence of women as mayors and council members - more consequential, even, than electoral structures and institutional features.
Three Graves of Mary Magdalene

Vezelay, Saint-Maximin-la –Sainte-Baume, and Magdala Nunayya are by no means the only alleged burial sites of Mary Magdalene. However, they are the most prominent, and each provides insight into the ways that preservation, religious observance, commercial interest, and historical research may co-exist, even as they pursue their own programmes. In each case the ecology of various interests has permitted cultural sites to be preserved, and offers prospects for the practice of a more balanced, progressive ecology in the future.
Wave‐Speed and Viscous Flow Limitation

The sections in this article are: 1 Wave-Speed Flow-Limiting Mechanism 2 Viscous Flow Limitation 3 Relation Between Wave-Speed and Viscous Flow-Limiting Mechanisms 4 Comments on Modeling
Military Veterans' Experiences with Suicidal Ideation: Implications for Intervention and Prevention

We sought to understand Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans' experiences with suicidal ideation. Semi-structured interviews with 34 OEF/OIF veterans addressed circumstances leading up to disclosure of suicidal ideation during brief clinical assessments. We used an iterative, inductive and deductive thematic analysis approach. Results revealed three pervasive, persistent domains that reinforce the uniqueness of veteran suicidal thoughts: military culture, difficult deployment experiences, and postdeployment adjustment challenges. Within postdeployment, we identified four themes that serve as intervention targets: adjusting to civilian culture, changes to sense of self, feeling overwhelmed by stressors, and lacking life purpose or meaning.
Statistical distance and Hilbert space

A concept of "statistical distance" is defined between different preparations of the same quantum system, or in other words, between different rays in the same Hilbert space. Statistical distance is determined entirely by the size of statistical fluctuations occurring in measurements designed to distinguish one state from another. It is not related, a priori, to the usual distance (or angle) between rays. One finds, however, that these two kinds of distance are in fact the same, a result which depends on certain peculiarities of quantum mechanics.