cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Venous anatomy of the thumb

The venous anatomy of 20 thumbs (10 pairs) was detailed by latex injection. The thumbs were studied on the dorsal, palmar, radial, and ulnar surfaces. Characteristic patterns were found; these included a dominant longitudinal network, palmar veins within the pulp, oblique veins at the interphalangeal joint on the radial side, and a web space vein. A layered vascular pattern with a superficial fine network overlying a deeper system was noted. Cross sections were taken at the metacarpophalangeal joint and at the proximal and distal phalanges. The distribution of the vessels in cross section reveals consistent dorsal veins at all levels, as well as palmar veins distal to the interphalangeal joint in all thumbs. Palmar veins were present over the length of the proximal phalanx in more than 65% of the thumbs.
Do Industries Lead the Stock Market? Gradual Diffusion of Information and Cross-Asset Return Predictability

We test the hypothesis that the gradual diffusion of information across asset markets leads to cross-asset return predictability. Using thirty-four industry portfolios and the broad market index as our test assets, we establish several key results. A number of industries such as retail, services, commercial real estate, metal, and petroleum lead the stock market by up to two months. Importantly, an industry's ability to lead the market is correlated with its propensity to forecast various indicators of economic activity such as industrial production growth. Consistent with our hypothesis, these findings indicate that the market reacts with a delay to information in industry returns about its fundamentals because information diffuses only gradually across asset markets.
Isomorphous substitution in zeolite frameworks: II. Catalytic properties of [B]ZSM-5

The catalytic activity of [B]ZSM-5 is examined for a number of acid-catalyzed reactions: n-hexane cracking, xylene isomerization, ethylbenzene dealkylation, cyclopropane isomerization, and hydrocarbon formation from methanol. In each case, it was determined that catalytic activity was due mainly, if not entirely, to trace amounts (80–580 ppm) of framework Al. The remarkable effectiveness of minute concentrations of framework Al in ZSM-5 zeolites has had little recognition until recently.
When best intentions aren't enough: helping medical students develop strategies for managing bias about patients.

Introduction/Aims Implicit bias can impact physician–patient interactions, alter treatment recommendations, and perpetuate health disparities. Medical educators need methods for raising student awareness about the impact of bias on medical care.
Wideband Comet Camera Lens Design

A quarter-meter diameter, modified Ritchey-Chretien camera is described for spacecraft-based observation of Halley's Comet. The system will operate over an unusually broad spectral region, from 0.1216 micron (the hydrogen Lyman-alpha line) to 1.1 microns using reflective primary and secondary mirror optics and a thin UV-grade lithium fluoride refractive element as a field corrector near the image plane. The f/12, 3000 mm focal length camera has a 0.4 deg full field of view for operation with a 15 x 15 mm charge-coupled device detector array. The UV-enhanced silicon CCD detector is a 1000 x 1000 array of 15 micron pixels which establishes the system resolution requirement. The optical design and performance are discussed, with an emphasis on the image analysis with respect to pixel resolution elements used for viewing extended objects such as comets.
Coupled electron-hole transport

We report on transport measurements in a novel system composed of two parallel 2D electron and hole gases separated by a barrier which is high enough to prevent tunneling and recombination while thin enough to allow for strong interlayer Coulomb interaction. Separate electrical contacts to each layer and independent control of both carrier densities facilitate a detailed study of the electron-hole interaction. Current driven in one layer is found to induce opposite current in the other layer. The measured electron-hole momentum-transfer rate is a factor of 5 to an order of magnitude larger than in previous experiments on electron-electron scattering and calculations based on Coulomb scattering theory.
Interferon-α Treatment of Six Patients with the Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

Objective: To examine the response to interferon-α 2B therapy in six patients with the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral center, un...
A classically conditioned cocaine cue acquires greater control over motivated behavior in rats prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue

Cues associated with rewards bias attention towards them and can motivate drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. There is, however, considerable individual variation in the extent to which cues associated with rewards acquire motivational properties. For example, only in some rats does a localizable food cue become attractive, eliciting approach towards it, and “wanted”, in the sense that it serves as an effective conditioned reinforcer. We asked whether the propensity of animals to attribute incentive salience to a food cue predicts the extent to which a classically conditioned cocaine cue acquires incentive motivational properties. First, a Pavlovian conditioned approach procedure was used to identify rats prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue. We then measured the extent to which a classically conditioned cocaine cue acquired two properties of an incentive stimulus: (1) the ability to elicit approach towards it, and (2) the ability to reinstate drug-seeking behavior, using an extinction-reinstatement procedure (i.e., to act as a conditioned reinforcer). We found that a classically conditioned cocaine cue became more attractive, in that it elicited greater approach toward it, and more desired, in that it supported more drug-seeking behavior under extinction conditions, in individuals prone to attribute incentive salience to a food cue. We conclude that rats vary in their propensity to attribute incentive salience to both food and cocaine cues, and it is possible to predict, prior to any drug experience, in which rats a cocaine cue will acquire the strongest motivational control over behavior.
Persistence of reflex sympathetic nervous system activity in man on guanethidine or reserpine.

The effect of guanethidine and reserpine on the reflex sympathetic nervous system vasoconstriction in the calf and foot induced by a prolonged, generalized stimulus (body cooling for 1 hour) was studied in 12 normal subjects. Large daily clinical-doses of guanethidine (40 to 60 mg) or reserpine (1 mg) were given orally for 2 and 3 weeks, respectively. Foot and calf blood flows were measured by venous-occlusion, water plethysmography. Two control studies were performed on each subject, one before and another long after administration of the drug; body cooling produced significant decrease in calf and foot blood flow and increases in vascular resistance in both control studies. Subjects evidenced drug effects by a significant decrease in pulse rate, postural hypotension, hypotension following exercise, and blockade or attenuation of the Valsalva maneuver "overshoot." The attenuation of the sympathetic nervous-system vasoconstrictor reflex to general body cooling was not statistically significant. Since larg...
Factors Affecting Survival After Mitral Valve Replacement in Patients With Prosthesis–Patient Mismatch

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prosthesis–patient mismatch on long-term survival after mitral valve replacement. Methods From 1992 to 2008, 765 patients underwent bioprosthetic (325; 42%) or mechanical (440; 58%) mitral valve replacement, including 370 (48%) patients older than 65 years of age. Prosthesis–patient mismatch was defined as severe (prosthetic effective orifice area to body surface area ratio 2 /m 2 ), moderate (0.9 to 1.2 cm 2 /m 2 ), or absent (>1.2 cm 2 /m 2 ). Results Multivariate analysis identified nine risk factors for late death including advanced age, earlier operative year, chronic renal insufficiency, peripheral vascular disease, congestive heart failure, nonrheumatic origin, concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting, lower body surface area, and more severe prosthesis–patient mismatch (lower effective orifice area to body surface area ratio; p p = 0.05). For mechanical recipients younger than 65 years of age, survival at 5 and 10 years was 77% ± 4% and 62% ± 6% with moderate or severe mismatch compared with 82% ± 3% and 66% ± 4%, respectively, without mismatch ( p = 0.08). Conclusions Severe mismatch adversely affected long-term survival for older patients receiving bioprosthetic valves. With mechanical valves, there was a trend toward impaired survival when mismatch was moderate or severe in younger patients. Thus, selection of an appropriate mitral prosthesis warrants careful consideration of age and valve type.
Lucas A. Powe, Jr., The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America. The University of California Press, 1991. 350 pp. Cloth, $29.95.

(1993). Lucas A. Powe, Jr., The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America. The University of California Press, 1991. 350 pp. Cloth, $29.95. American Journalism: Vol. 10, No. 3-4, pp. 132-132.
Is Smoking Associated with Height and Weight

The reported relationship between height and smoking was tested using data from a representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 41,014). Both height and weight were associated with smoking. A further analysis for males and females separately showed that the initial results were a result of confounding of the variables with gender.
Combined aliskiren-amlodipine treatment for hypertension in African Americans: clinical science and management issues.

While it may seem at first that antihypertensive drug combinations run counter to the desire to ‘personalize’ the management of hypertension, the best combinations have predictable efficacy in different individuals and subpopulations. Race is probably not a valid surrogate for clinically meaningful genetic variation or guide to therapy. Most guidelines suggest similar blood pressure goals for different races but drug treatment recommendations have diverged. In the United States, race is not considered to be a major factor in drug choice, but in England and other countries, initial therapy with renin–angiotensin system blocking drugs is not recommended in Blacks. In this review we: (1) examine new trends in race-based research; (2) emphasize the weaknesses of race-based treatment recommendations; and (3) explore the effects of a new combination, renin inhibition (aliskiren) and amlodipine, in African Americans.
UNDERSTANDING REACTIVE HAZARDS USING MOLECULAR SIMULATION: MECHANISMS OF HYDROXYLAMINE DECOMPOSITION

Reactive hazards have been a significant concern for the chemical process industries. Without sufficient control of chemical hazards and risks, reactive incidents have caused catastrophic consequences for humans and the environment worldwide. In order to help understand and evaluate reactive hazards, calorimetric investigations have been employed to characterize reactive chemical behavior. However, with the development of computer resources and computational chemistry, molecular simulation has become a powerful and reliable tool to complement and guide experimental testing. In this article, hydroxylamine (HA) calculations demonstrate the application of molecular simulation for understanding and controlling reactive hazards. Using the quantum mechanical software Gaussian 03, HA bimolecular or water-catalyzed HA isomerization to ammonia oxide in aqueous solution was identified as the most likely decomposition pathways. Based on these molecular simulation results, recommendations are provided for safer handl...
Solving Linear Systems with Boundary Conditions Using Heat Kernel Pagerank

We present an efficient algorithm for solving linear systems with a boundary condition by computing the Green’s function of a connected induced subgraph S of a graph. Different from previous linear solvers, we introduce the method of using the Dirichlet heat kernel pagerank of the induced graph to approximate the solution to diagonally dominant linear systems satisfying given boundary conditions. Our algorithm runs in time O(1), with the assumption that a unit time allows a step in a random walk or a sampling of a specified distribution, where the big-O term depends on the error term and the boundary condition.
Eye position influences auditory responses in primate inferior colliculus.

Summary The goal of the current study was to investigate the frame of reference at an early point in the ascending We examined the frame of reference of auditory reauditory pathway, namely the inferior colliculus (IC). The sponses in the inferior colliculus in monkeys fixating IC is situated above the convergence of binaural signals visual stimuli at different locations. Eye position moduin the superior olivary complex (for review, see Ehret, lated the level of auditory responses in 33% of the 1997), and nearly all input to all higher areas passes neurons we encountered, but it did not appear to shift through it. Lesions of the IC can cause deficits in sound their spatial tuning. The effect of eye position on audilocalization behavior (Wagner, 1993; Kelly and Kavatory responses was substantial—comparable in magnagh, 1994; Zrull and Coleman, 1997). Neurons sensitive nitude to that of sound location. The eye position signal to the locations of sounds in space have been reported appeared to interact with the auditory responses in at by a variety of studies using free field acoustic stimuli least a partly multiplicative fashion. We conclude that
On the convergence of the CORDIC adaptive lattice filtering (CALF) algorithm

In this paper, the convergence of a previously proposed CORDIC adaptive lattice filtering (CALF) algorithm is proved. It is shown that the update of the rotation angle (which is equivalent to the reflection coefficient) can be modeled by the state transition of a regular Markov chain, with each rotation angle being a state. The convergence of the CALF algorithm then is established as this Markov chain converges from an initial state probability distribution to its limiting state probability distribution. Formulae that enable explicit calculation of the limiting state distribution are derived. Moreover, it is shown that the algorithm has an exponential convergence rate.
Effects of Glycerol on the In Vitro Percutaneous Absorption of All-Trans Retinoic Acid

The nature of the receptor solution plays an important role in in vitro percutaneous absorption of highly lipophilic compounds having limited solubility. In vitro permeation studies of a lipophilic compound, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), through the rat dorsal skin were performed with the presence of glycerol (0–20% v/v) in the receptor solution, and the results were compared with those with the presence of albumin (4%). The results showed that an addition of glycerol (20%) into the receptor solution significantly increased the permeation rate of RA through the rat dorsal skin (0.0068±0.0041 vs. 0.0014±0.0010 μg/cm2/hr). It was also found that RA tends to accumulate in the lipophilic layer, and its log P value between the epidermis and the receptor solution significantly decreased with the presence of glycerol (20%) (1.48±0.14 vs. 2.45±0.21). An addition of glycerol, an osmotherapeutic agent, in the physiological receptor solution seemed to enhance the percutaneous absorption of RA by affecting the partit...
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health-Related Quality of Life among Participants with Self-Reported Diabetes from NHANES 2001-2010

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the racial/ethnic disparities in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among adults with self-reported diabetes and identify the different risk f...
A Printed Crescent Patch Antenna for Ultrawideband Applications

A miniaturized crescent-shape microstrip antenna is proposed for ultrawideband (3-10 GHz) applications. The crescent antenna is evolved from an elliptical patch antenna by carving a circular hole inside symmetrically. The circular aperture introduces an additional antenna in-band resonance and provides wider bandwidth with more design flexibility. The radiation characteristics of this crescent antenna are investigated with full-wave electromagnetic simulations and compared with an elliptical antenna. A crescent antenna prototype that occupies only 60% area of the elliptical patch is fabricated and tested. Antenna pattern and impedance measurements show good performance over the 3-10 GHz band with consistent radiation patterns, low cross polarization, and a substantial gain. The design method is also described
An Optimal Control Formulation of an Image Registration Problem

The basic idea of image registration is to find a reasonable transformation of an image so that the resulting difference between it and another image is made small. We derive an optimal control method for determining such a transformation; the approach is based on the grid deformation method and seeks to minimize an objective functional that measures the difference between the transformed image and the reference image. The existence of an optimal transformation is proved as is the applicability of the Lagrange multiplier method. Then, an optimality system from which optimal transformations can be obtained is derived.
Psychological Factors in Ulcerative Colitis

Almost 50 years ago ulcerative colitis was included among the seven classical psychosomatic diseases. The psychodynamics and personality structures specific to ulcerative colitis sufferers were sought and the main-stay of treatment was psychotherapy. However, for the past decade the psychogenic approach to this disorder has been replaced by physiological and immunological explanations and treatments. The history of medical and psychogenic explanations and treatments of ulcerative colitis has been traced to the present. Ulcerative colitis remains a "riddle," as it was described almost 50 years ago, a complex disorder whose pattern is to flare up and subside, its cause and cure still unknown despite almost 100 years of study.
WEIGHTING PROCEDURES AND THE CLUSTER FORMING ALGORITHM FOR DELETE‐K JACKKNIFE VARIANCE ESTIMATION FOR INSTITUTIONAL SURVEYS

Weighting and variance estimation are two statistical issues involved in survey data analysis for large-scale assessment programs such as the Higher Education Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy Assessment. Because survey data are always acquired by probability sampling, to draw unbiased or almost unbiased inferences for the populations, weights are required in making use of estimators such as a Horvitz-Thompson type. Variance estimation provides the basis for reporting errors. The weighting procedure generates weights based on statistical principles that are consistent with the sampling design. The estimation of the variance from survey data uses the delete-k jackknife resampling replicate (JRR) approach, which can be adapted for variant institutional sampling designs and for dissimilarity in institute conditions. To form clusters of k cases, a merge-dilute algorithm is proposed. The algorithm merges the cases of different groups into a queue and then allocates the cases of the queue to form homogeneous clusters of required sizes. The new algorithm is applied to the ICT sample from an institute taking the 2004 fall trial assessment.
Robust PCA learning rules based on statistical physics approach

A statistical physics approach is adapted to the problem of robust principal component analysis (PCA). Some commonly used PCA learning rules are connected to some energy function, which is further generalized by adding a binary decision field with a given prior distribution so that outliers are considered. The generalized energy is used to define a Gibbs distribution and to derive an effective energy function, which is further used to derive a learning rule for robust, PCA. Experimental results have shown that the robust rules considered have improved the performance of the PCA algorithms significantly. >
A Multivariate Analysis of Curvilinear Relationships Among Job Scope, Work Context Satisfactions, and Affective Outcomes

This study investigated the curvilinear relationships between Job Scope and Affective Outcomes and the moderating effect of work context satisfactions on those relationships. The analysis used a multivariate design to examine main and interaction effects. The results showed several different relationships between job design and the work context. Those relationships included distraction, enhancement, and compensatory effects of the work context and the job itself. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Some bounds for error-correcting codes

This paper concerns itself with binary coding and more specifically with an upper bound for the number of binary code works of length n such that every two differ in at least d positions from each other. It is shown that there is a relationship between this problem and a well-known extremum problem. The techniques developed for the latter problem are used to derive upper bounds for the former, one of which has been obtained in an entirely different way by Plotkin. If B(n, d) denotes the maximum number of binary code words of length n and distance d , it is shown that \begin{equation} B(n,d) \leq \frac{2d}{2d-n} for d > n/2. \end{equation} The second bound due to Rankin is \begin{equation} B(n, d) \leq \frac{8d(n - d)}{n - (n- 2d)^2} for n - \sqrt{n} n positions. Although Rankin's bound contains the restriction that the binary code words consist of pairs, each pair differing in n positions, it is shown that the restriction may not be severe in the sense that the bound can often be attained.
Out phoxing the endothelium: What's left without p47?

The importance of the contribution from Li et al1 presented in this issue lies as much in the questions it raises as in those it answers. In setting out to prove that p47phox, a regulatory subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is equally vital to the superoxide-generating enzyme of vascular endothelial cells, which they successfully did, they also turned up a number of unexpected observations. The latter results, whose interpretation will necessarily remain speculative for the time being, may become fertile ground for future investigations, not only of the endothelium, but also of other tissues that express variants of this enzyme complex first characterized in phagocytes. In the neutrophil, the bactericidal oxidative burst results from massive superoxide anion production by an NADPH oxidase, a complex of 5 major subunits, the membrane bound gp91phox and p22phox, and the regulatory cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, and Rac.2 The importance of p47phox is well documented because its phosphorylation appears to be the limiting step required for assembly of the active enzyme complex.2 Furthermore, mutations in p47phox are a cause of chronic granulomatous disease, an immune deficiency resulting from impaired phagocyte activity. It is now clear that many other tissues, including all layers of the vascular wall, also produce superoxide and its derivatives.3 These reactive oxygen species are no longer regarded simply as undesirable by-products of aerobic metabolism but also as essential second messengers …
Immunohistochemical characterization of the distribution of galectin-4 in porcine small intestine.

Galectins are an evolutionarily conserved family of 15 different lectins found in various combinations in virtually every type of animal cell. One of the primary galectins expressed in intestinal epithelium is galectin-4, a tandem-repeat galectin with two carbohydrate-recognition domains in a single polypeptide chain. In the current study, we produced an anti-galectin-4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) for determining the distribution of galectin-4 in porcine small intestine to enhance our understanding of where galectin-4 performs its functions in the small intestine. In immunohistochemistry studies, this MAb detected galectin-4 primarily in the cytoplasm of absorptive epithelial cells lining intestinal villi. Mature epithelial cells at the villous tips stained the most intensely with this MAb, with progressively less intense staining observed along the sides of villi and into the crypts. In addition to its cytoplasmic localization, galectin-4 was also associated with nuclei in villous tip cells, indicating tha...
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Replication in the Livers of Transgenic Mice

We have previously identified two antiviral cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ and IFN-α/β) that downregulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in the liver of transgenic mice. The cytokine-inducible downstream events that inhibit HBV replication have not been identified. One possible factor is nitric oxide (NO), a pleiotropic free radical with antiviral activity that is produced in the liver by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS). To examine the role of NO in our model, we crossed transgenic mice that replicate HBV with mice that lack a functional iNOS. Importantly, iNOS-deficient mice were almost completely resistant to the noncytopathic inhibitory effect of HBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes on viral replication, an effect that we have shown previously to depend on the intrahepatic induction of IFN-γ. Conversely, iNOS-deficient mice were not resistant to the antiviral effect of IFN-α/β induced by either polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid complex or by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. These results indicate that NO mediates the antiviral activity of IFN-γ, whereas the antiviral activity of IFN-α/β is NO independent. We also compared the relative sensitivity of LCMV to control by NO in these animals. Interestingly, LCMV replicated to higher levels in the liver of iNOS-deficient mice than control mice, indicating that NO controls LCMV replication in the liver, as well as HBV.
Indoor location estimation at mobile nodes based on angle-of-transmission

In this paper, a new approach to indoor positioning is introduced based on angle of transmission that can be estimated at a mobile node communicating with a fixed node equipped with an antenna array and transmitting a radiofrequency (RF) signature signal. With additional distance estimation at the mobile node based on RF signal strength of the signature signal, the proposed method is in essence the positioning of the mobile node to a point on the polar coordinate system. From computer simulation in additive white Gaussian noise and flat fading channels, the performance of the proposed approach is demonstrated.
Clevidipine for controlled hypotension during spinal surgery in adolescents.

INTRODUCTION Clevidipine is an ultra-shorting acting, intravenous calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine class. Metabolism by blood and tissue esterases results in a half-life of 1-2 minutes thereby allowing easy titration by i.v. administration. We present preliminary experience with this novel agent to provide controlled hypotension (CH) in a cohort of adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion. METHODS The records of patients or = 65 mmHg, clevidipine was added to maintain the MAP at 50-65. The clevidipine infusion was started at 0.5-1 microg/kg/min and increased in increments of 0.5-1 microg/kg/min every 2-3 minutes to achieve the desired MAP. The target MAP was achieved within 5 minutes in 15 of the 20 patients and within 10 minutes in the other 5 patients. The maintenance infusion rate of clevidipine varied from 1-5 microg/kg/min (2.9 +/- 0.7 microg/kg/min). With the administration of clevidipine, HR increased from a baseline of 76 +/- 14 to 92 +/- 11 beats/minute (p or = 20 beats/minute in 4 patients. Intermittent doses of metoprolol were used in 3 patients to control the HR increase. No excessive hypotension was noted. A triglyceride level was drawn in 6 patients who received clevidipine with propofol and was elevated in 3 patients (> or = 150 mg/dL, high level 328 mg/dL). When the clevidipine infusion was discontinued, MAP returned to baseline within 5 minutes in 16 of the 20 patients and within 10 minutes in the other 4 patients. DISCUSSION Clevidipine effectively controlled MAP and provided CH. Mild tachycardia was noted in some patients with the occasional need for a beta-adrenergic antagonist. No episodes of excessive hypotension were noted. Given its short half-life, clevidipine can be rapidly titrated to provide CH when changing levels of sympathetic stimulation may occur. Should inadvertent hypotension occur, its short duration of action offers an additional advantage over several other i.v. antihypertensive agents.
Student, faculty and liaison roles in the engineering clinic program at Harvey Mudd College

The paper reports on the operation of the Engineering Clinic program at Harvey Mudd College, and describes the characteristics of the industry-sponsored projects which are carried out in the program. The special nature of the experiential activity that takes place in the Engineering Clinic calls for different roles from students, faculty and industry in the reaching and learning process. The paper examines these new roles in the light of recent surveys of students, faculty advisors and company liaisons who work together on clinic projects during each academic year.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Dual Wavelength Fluorescent Benzo[b]thiophene Boronic Acid Derivatives for Sugar Sensing

Cell surface glycoproteins have been known to play very important roles in various physiologic and pathologic processes. Small molecule compounds capable of carbohydrate recognition can be very useful for the development of sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents. Along this line, we are interested in developing water-soluble fluorescent boronic acid compounds for carbohydrate recognition. As such, a series of benzo[b]thiophene boronic acid derivatives have been synthesized and their fluorescent properties analyzed at physiologic pH. Benzo[b]thiophene derivatives were found to be a new type of fluorescent reporter compounds capable of dual fluorescent emission under physiologic pH conditions. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed unusual emission wavelength shifts upon binding of sugars. These boronic acids will be useful tools for building glycoprotein biosensors for biologic applications.
Cerebrovascular Disease and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Increase Risk of Complications with Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

Abstract Objective: To identify specific comorbidities within the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) that are associated with increased complication rates after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Patients and Methods: After institutional review board approval, a consecutive series of 641 patients undergoing RAPN were retrospectively identified. Perioperative complications were defined and classified using the Clavien grading system. Fisher's exact test or chi-square test was performed to evaluate the association of individual comorbidities with perioperative complications. Logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis to adjust for other non-CCI comorbidities and tumor-specific and patient-specific characteristics. Results: Of the 641 patients undergoing RAPN, complications occurred in 67 patients (10.5%), including 10 (14.9%), 28 (41.8%), 20 (29.9%), 5 (7.5%), and 4 (6.0%) patients with Clavien grade 1, 2, 3a, 3b, and 4 complications, respectively. Cerebrovascular disease [odds ratio 3.01...
The Supervision Partnership as a Phase of Attachment

The supervision partnership in middle childhood was proposed by Waters, Kondo-Ikemura, Posada, and Richters as the last phase of parent-child attachment. The present study elaborates this concept b...
Potential relationship of self-injurious behavior to right temporo-parietal lesions

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is associated with several neurologic and psychiatric syndromes but rarely with focal lesions. Two patients with lesions of the right temporo-parietal junction presented to psychiatric inpatient services with SIB in the absence of notable neurologic deficits or suicidal ideation. Right temporo-parietal lesions may be associated with disturbances of agency and body ownership, both of which may facilitate SIB. Misoplegia, or hatred of a limb, may be associated with SIB and has been reported without hemiplegia with a right temporo-parietal lesion. Further study is warranted to improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying SIB.
Multiple Haar Basis and its Properties

In the Lebesgue spaces L p ([0, 1] d ), 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, for d ≥ 2, we define a multiple basis system of functions H d = (h n ) = 1 ∞ . This system has the main properties of the well-known one-dimensional Haar basis H. In particular, it is shown that the system H d is a Schauder basis in the spaces L p ([0, 1] d ), 1 ≤ p < ∞.
Ultrafast Electrical Measurements of Isolated Silicon Nanowires and Nanocrystals.

We simultaneously determined the charge carrier mobility and picosecond to nanosecond carrier dynamics of isolated silicon nanowires (Si NWs) and nanocrystals (Si NCs) using time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy. We then compared these results to data measured on bulk c-Si as a function of excitation fluence. We find >1 ns carrier lifetimes in Si NWs that are dominated by surface recombination with surface recombination velocities (SRV) between ∼1100–1700 cm s–1 depending on process conditions. The Si NCs have markedly different decay dynamics. Initially, free-carriers are produced, but relax within ∼1.5 ps to form bound excitons. Subsequently, the excitons decay with lifetimes >7 ns, similar to free carriers produced in bulk Si. The isolated Si NWs exhibit bulk-like mobilities that decrease with increasing excitation density, while the hot-carrier mobilities in the Si NCs are lower than bulk mobilities and could only be measured within the initial 1.5 ps decay. We discuss the implications of our measureme...
Effect of Dietary Orotic Acid on Liver Glycogen.

SummaryFemale Wistar strain rats were force-fed for 3 days a purified diet containing 1% orotic acid and liver lipid and glycogen were determined. Liver glycogen as well as liver lipid became significantly increased. Addition of 0.25% adenine sulfate to the orotic acid diet prevented the increase in hepatic lipid but did not appreciably affect the increased hepatic glycogen. Intraperitoneal administration of adenine did not affect the increased hepatic lipid and glycogen. Liver activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, phosphorylase and amylo-1,6-glucosidase were similar in orotic acid-fed and in basal diet-fed animals. Hepatic glycogen of orotic acid-fed animals responded to administration of glycogenolytic agents (epinephrine and glycine) and to sucrose.
Influence of Carbon Nitridation in a Nonequilibrium Finite-Rate Ablation Model

Thermal protection system design for atmospheric re-entry vehicles remains to be a challenging and complex problem. There have been several attempts to model surface chemical kinetics but there is no universally supported model among investigators. Recent advances in computational modeling of air-carbon interactions now consider competing finite-rate reactions on a limited number of available surface sites. One of the most advanced kinetic models is due to Zhluktov and Abe. However, the Zhluktov and Abe model only describes the oxidation and sublimation of carbon and has no nitridation mechanism. The following study develops a modification to the Zhluktov and Abe air-carbon interaction model that accounts for all three reaction mechanisms. The study examines two possible paths that represents carbon nitridation as a direct or a surface participating reaction. The augmented surface reaction model is assessed in a representative blunt body re-entry flow and compared against the well-known Park model. It is shown that the implemented direct nitridation mechanism has the most significant impact on predicted surface mass fluxes and species mass fractions. There are notable differences between the Park and direct nitridation mechanisms, particularly at carbon sublimation surface temperatures. More detailed measurements of the carbon nitridation reaction at higher surface temperatures are required to further validate and improve the rate parameters derived in this study.
Photoinhibition of Diapause in Field Populations of Aedes atropalpus

A one-h light pulse, which occurred between 7 and 9 h after the beginning of a short-day scotophase, inhibited diapause in a laboratory colony of the mosquito Aedes atropalpus . Tests were conducted to see if induction of diapause in the field is also inhibited by nighttime light pulsing. It was determined that the natural light intensities at which A. atropalpus experiences the start of the scotophase occur shortly before sunset. Therefore, a one h pulse of light, at 8 h post sunset, was used to simulate the conditions which inhibited diapause in the laboratory. This prevented induction of diapause both in field cages and at a natural breeding site for A. atropalpus . The observation, made during this study, that the natural scotophase for A. atropalpus ends at much lower light intensities than those at which it begins is discussed.
Conventional drug therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.

SUMMARY The conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel disease should center around the liberal use of one of the many available forms of 5-ASA. Sulfasalazine should be used initially with the newer mesalamine-only containing drugs being reserved for sulfasalazine-intolerant patients or for those patients who require larger doses of medication. The choice of the delivery method should be made with the knowledge of the extent of disease and the potential coverage areas of the individual delivery methods. Systemic and topical glucocorticoids are an invaluable adjunct to 5-ASA therapy, but their use must be directed with the goal of remission induction. The tapering of glucocorticoids should be as prompt as the maintenance of remission allows, with a useful general guideline of decreasing the dose by 1 mg per day. Immunosuppressive therapy, including azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine, holds promise for refractory cases of inflammatory bowel disease and for their potential steroid sparing properties; antibiotic therapy with metronidazole and ciprofloxacin in the absence of documented infectious disease offers additional routes to control disease. The majority of patients require a combination of drugs to attain remission. Only further study will reveal the ideal regimen for each of the different subsets of inflammatory bowel disease.
Effect of chaperone‐adhesin complex on plug release by the PapC usher

The P pilus of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a multisubunit fiber assembled at the outer membrane in a defined sequence by a chaperone/usher secretion system, comprising a periplasmic chaperone and a beta-barrel outer membrane protein, the PapC usher. To gain insight into the pilus biogenesis mechanism, we used patch clamp electrophysiology to investigate the effect of the initiating adhesin subunit, as it is delivered to PapC in a complex with the chaperone. We show that the chaperone-adhesin complex facilitates opening of the PapC pore and appears to engage within the PapC lumen, in agreement with prior biochemical and structural data.
Single cell methods for methane oxidation analysis.

Abstract Respiration is widely used for evaluation of the metabolic capabilities or physiological state of the microbial culture. This chapter describes novel approaches for characterization of respiration at a single cell level: (1) flow cytometry-based redox sensing (FCRS) of actively metabolizing microbes; (2) respiration response imaging (RRI) for real-time detection of substrate stimulated redox responses of individual cells; (3) respiration detection system: microobservation chamber (RDS: MC), a single cell analysis system for carrying out the physiological and genomic profiling of cells capable of respiring C1 compounds. The techniques are suitable for description of physiological heterogeneity among cells in a single microbial population and could be used to characterize distribution of methylotrophic ability among microbial cells in the natural environmental samples.
ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL AORTIC RECONSTRUCTION

SUMMARY Patients undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery for aneurysmal or occlusive disease generally have extensive concomitant disease processes, limiting the reserve of their cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and cerebral vascular systems. Preoperative evaluation and preparation should be directed at maximizing the remaining function in all organ systems, particularly with respect to the cardiovascular system. A preoperative visit and premedication is important in preventing the hemodynamic stresses associated with anxiety. The anesthetic management must provide a hemodynamically stable induction as well as minimize the potentially dramatic hemodynamic alterations that can occur with clamping and unclamping of the aorta. Regional anesthesia can be used provided the risks associated with anticoagulation are considered. The immediate postoperative period requires diligent attention to pain management, coagulation parameters, volume status, temperature, and hemodynamics.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in ADHD Treatment Quality Among Medicaid-Enrolled Youth

OBJECTIVES: We estimated racial/ethnic differences in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care quality and treatment continuity among Medicaid-enrolled children. METHODS: Using Medicaid data from 9 states (2008 to 2011), we identified 172 322 youth (age 6 to 12) initiating ADHD medication. Outcome measures included: (1) adequate follow-up care in the (a) initiation and (b) continuation and maintenance (CM (2) combined treatment with medication and psychotherapy (versus medication alone); (3) medication discontinuation; and (4) treatment disengagement (ie, discontinued medication and received no psychotherapy). Logistic regressions controlled for confounding measures. RESULTS: Among those initiating medication, three-fifths received adequate follow-up care in the initiation and C&M phases, and under two-fifths received combined treatment. Compared with whites, African American youth were less likely to receive adequate follow-up in either phase ( P P P P CONCLUSIONS: Care quality for Medicaid-enrolled youth initiating ADHD medication is poor, and racial/ethnic differences in these measures are mixed. The most important disparities occur in the higher rates of medication discontinuation among minorities, which translate into higher rates of treatment disengagement because most youth discontinuing medication receive no psychotherapy.
Microsurgical Reconstruction Following Oncologic Resection in Pediatric Patients: A 15-Year Experience

Free tissue transfer in the pediatric population is a challenging endeavor, even for experienced microsurgeons. Some surgeons argue these cases can be limited by vessel size and spasticity and should be undertaken only when absolutely necessary. We present a 15-year experience examining outcomes of free tissue transfer in pediatric oncologic patients. All free flaps performed at a single institution in pediatric patients (age range 3–17) between January 2000 and December 2014 were reviewed. Overall, 102 patients (mean age 12.1 ± 4.0 years) were identified who underwent 109 free flaps. The most common flaps were the fibula free flap (46%) and the anterolateral thigh free flap (27%). 81 cases (74%) had malignant disease with 70 cases (64%) involving the head and neck region. 21 cases (19%) had preoperative radiation and 58 cases (53%) had preoperative chemotherapy. 5 cases had total flap loss (4.6%) and 17 cases (15.6%) had immediate post-operative complications, with wound infection (4.6%) being most common. 17 cases (15.6%) had long-term complications with delayed or non-union (4.6%) being most common. Survival rate was 91.7% at 1 year and 78.9% at 5 years. Free tissue transfer is a reliable and appropriate choice in pediatric patients requiring soft tissue or bony reconstruction. Even in pediatric oncologic patients with preoperative chemotherapy or radiation, flap survival and outcomes are comparable to the adult population. Pediatric free tissue transfer should not be avoided but instead considered the gold standard for patients with complex defects, just as it is in the adult population.
Design of a cellular-enabled data-logging system for wheelchair use characterization

Adoption rates and performance metrics of wheelchairs in low-resource settings are thought to vary significantly based on the type of wheelchair distributed and after-sales services provided. Several organizations have been innovating on low-cost wheelchairs, developing ruggedized designs to better withstand off-road usage. The benefits provided by these wheelchairs, however, have been difficult to measure using traditional approaches and there is a lack of data on the actual conditions these wheelchairs are subjected to in use. In this paper, we present the design of a frame-based and a wheel-based cellular-enabled data-logging system and the associated sensor sampling algorithms to characterize the usage and performance of wheelchairs. The system measures forces and loading on the wheelchair, differentiates between rider self-propulsion or attendant-propulsion, and characterizes wheelchair usage bouts by length, speed, and incline. Using this system, we can collect data on prolonged usage from users in remote regions over a period of 2–4 weeks to understand and differentiate the impact from various improved wheelchair models.
THE TRADITIONAL REGRESSION MODEL FOR MEASURING TEST BIAS IS INCORRECT AND BIASED AGAINST MINORITIES

For 25 years psychologists have measured systematic measurement bias in terms of regression lines. According to this traditional approach a test is an unbiased predictor of a criterion for all subgroups if all subgroups have identical Y′ regression lines (i.e., identical slopes and identical Y′ intercepts). This paper shows that the traditional model is fundamentally incorrect and identical Y′ regression lines are not expected to occur with an unbiased test in a testing situation in which one group score lower than another group on both the test and criterion. This is the case even if the test is perfectly reliable. The traditional model for measuring bias actually results in a consistent error or bias against groups which score lower than average on both the test and criterion. In practice this bias operates against minority groups. Tests now thought to be unbiased or even biased in favor of minority groups may in fact be biased against minority groups. A new model of test bias, which is based solely on measurement principles, is briefly introduced. In this model unbiased tests produce groups with identical test-criterion common-factor axes having a slope of SYC/SXC and with each axis intersecting the group centroids.
Energy Modeling Forum Conference

The Energy Modeling Forum held a special conference on Retail Participation in Competitive Power Markets at Stanford University on June 21–22, 2001. The conference discussion covered a range of important points on key issues, the more important of which are discussed briefly in this chapter.
What counts as scientific practice?: a taxonomy of scientists' ways of thinking and doing

Education reformers advocating the use of GIS in K-12 science classrooms claim that the tool provides authentic contexts for students to think and act scientifically. However few studies, if any, have empirically investigated the latter. I observed a marine ecology laboratory to determine what counts as scientific practice, and then an 8th grade oceanography classroom to see whether and how these practices played out there, especially around participants' use of GIS software. This paper focuses on the methods I used to draw meaningful comparisons between the novice and expert settings I studied. In particular, it describes the taxonomy of scientific practices derived from my laboratory observations, and then the nature of work in the lab as seen through this framework.