cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immune Complexes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Sera and Synovial Fluids

Sera and synovial fluids from 88 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for circulating immune complexes by three assays: monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay, C1q binding assay, and Raji cell radioassay. Paired samples were available for 82 patients. Immune complexes were detected with high frequency in the synovial fluid by each assay (75% by the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay, 95% by the C1q binding assay, and 61% by the Raji cell readioassay). In rheumatoid arthritis sera, immune complexes were detected with high frequency by the C1q binding assay (85%) and the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay (70%) but infrequently by the Raji cell radioassay (26%). The presence of immune complexes in serum was most frequently accompanied by the presence of complexes in fluid, regardless of the method of detection; moreover, the levels of immune complexes in synovial fluid were generally higher than in paired serum. Further, the levels of immune complexes as measured by the C1q binding assay correlated with certain parameters of clinical activity, while the monoclonal rheumatoid factor radioimmunoassay and Raji cell radioassay correlated with extraarticular features (excluding nodules) of rheumatoid arthritis.
Delayed Luminescence of Organic Mixed Crystals. VI. Delayed Excimer Fluorescence of Pyrene in Biphenyl

Phosphorescence, fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, excimer fluorescence, and delayed excimer fluorescence of pyrene have been studied in a host biphenyl system. The delayed fluorescence and delayed excimer fluorescence are biexcitonic, have identical lifetimes at all temperatures and exhibit similar dependency of emission intensity on temperature; therefore, they both originate in identical kinetic events. These events involve thermal depletion of a trap of energy ∼1000 cm−1 less than the lowest energy host exciton triplet band and of lifetime ∼0.2 sec; this trap species may or may not be, but probably is not, a contaminant detected phosphorimetrically in the purified biphenyl material. It appears that trapping of the host triplet exciton occurs more efficiently at monomer pyrene sites than at nascent excimeric pyrene sites (regions, perhaps, of pyrene microcrystallinity). The excimer and delayed excimer fluorescence exhibit vibrational structure under certain circumstances; this structure is analyzable in terms of ag modes of the ground‐state monomeric pyrene. Those crystals which possess broad (i.e., unresolved) excimer spectra exhibit a distinct red shift of this spectrum as the temperature is decreased; this behavior is rationalized herein. The guest phosphorescence intensity and lifetime are more or less temperature‐independent; this behavior is quite characteristic of materials with large T1H—T1G bandgaps. Excitation spectra for all emissions are presented; it is shown thereby that trap species other than T1G are the reservoir whence thermal excitation to the host exciton band T1H proceeds. The thesis developed is that delayed excimer fluorescence and delayed fluorescence are produced by annihilation of a trap triplet and a guest triplet.Phosphorescence, fluorescence, delayed fluorescence, excimer fluorescence, and delayed excimer fluorescence of pyrene have been studied in a host biphenyl system. The delayed fluorescence and delayed excimer fluorescence are biexcitonic, have identical lifetimes at all temperatures and exhibit similar dependency of emission intensity on temperature; therefore, they both originate in identical kinetic events. These events involve thermal depletion of a trap of energy ∼1000 cm−1 less than the lowest energy host exciton triplet band and of lifetime ∼0.2 sec; this trap species may or may not be, but probably is not, a contaminant detected phosphorimetrically in the purified biphenyl material. It appears that trapping of the host triplet exciton occurs more efficiently at monomer pyrene sites than at nascent excimeric pyrene sites (regions, perhaps, of pyrene microcrystallinity). The excimer and delayed excimer fluorescence exhibit vibrational structure under certain circumstances; this structure is analyzable...
The Role of Human Movement in the Transmission of Vector-Borne Pathogens

Background Human movement is a key behavioral factor in many vector-borne disease systems because it influences exposure to vectors and thus the transmission of pathogens. Human movement transcends spatial and temporal scales with different influences on disease dynamics. Here we develop a conceptual model to evaluate the importance of variation in exposure due to individual human movements for pathogen transmission, focusing on mosquito-borne dengue virus. Methodology and Principal Findings We develop a model showing that the relevance of human movement at a particular scale depends on vector behavior. Focusing on the day-biting Aedes aegypti, we illustrate how vector biting behavior combined with fine-scale movements of individual humans engaged in their regular daily routine can influence transmission. Using a simple example, we estimate a transmission rate (R0) of 1.3 when exposure is assumed to occur only in the home versus 3.75 when exposure at multiple locations—e.g., market, friend's—due to movement is considered. Movement also influences for which sites and individuals risk is greatest. For the example considered, intriguingly, our model predicts little correspondence between vector abundance in a site and estimated R0 for that site when movement is considered. This illustrates the importance of human movement for understanding and predicting the dynamics of a disease like dengue. To encourage investigation of human movement and disease, we review methods currently available to study human movement and, based on our experience studying dengue in Peru, discuss several important questions to address when designing a study. Conclusions/Significance Human movement is a critical, understudied behavioral component underlying the transmission dynamics of many vector-borne pathogens. Understanding movement will facilitate identification of key individuals and sites in the transmission of pathogens such as dengue, which then may provide targets for surveillance, intervention, and improved disease prevention.
Seeing inside: Using social network analysis to understand patterns of collaboration and coordination in global software teams

One of the pervasive challenges facing any software development team is getting the right level and timing of communication to ensure that people are able to coordinate their work effectively. Communication issues are difficult to address because important aspects of communication are largely invisible to both management and the individuals on the team. Communication challenges are further exaggerated in global software teams, because of the different time-zones, cultures, and working environments. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is an established method for revealing patterns of human communication and decision-making. This tutorial introduces students to basic concepts in SNA, illustrates how SNA can be used to understand the dynamics of and address common communication problems in global software teams, and provides structured exercises in data capture, analysis and interpretation.
ErbB Transmembrane Tyrosine Kinase Receptors Are Expressed by Sensory and Motor Neurons Projecting into Sciatic Nerve

Adult spinal cord motor and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons express multiple neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) isoforms that act as axon-associated factors promoting neuromuscular junction formation ...
Global variations in droughts and wet spells: 1900–1995

The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was calculated globally using gridded monthly air temperature and precipitation. From 1900 to 1995, there are large multi- year to decadal variations in the percentage areas in severe drought (PDSI +3:0) over many land areas while secular trends are small. Since the late 1970s, however, there have been some in- creases in the combined percentage areas in severe drought and severe moisture surplus, resulting from increases in ei- ther the drought area (e.g., over the Sahel, eastern Asia and southern Africa) or both the drought and wet areas (e.g., over the U.S. and Europe). Although the high per- centages of the dry and wet areas in the recent decades are not unprecedented during this century (except the Sahel), the recent changes are closely relate to the shift in El Ni~ no - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) towards more warm events since the late 1970s and coincide with record high global mean temperatures. Moreover, for any given value of ENSO indices, the PDSI anomalies tend to be larger than would be expected from previous records. These changes are qualita- tively consistent with those expected from increased green- house gases in the atmosphere.
Timing Strategies for Feasibility Studies in Information Systems Development

The feasibility study has been prescribed and described as an important step in information system development. One of the key issues pertaining to the feasibility study is its time of preparation and presentation during the system development life cycle. Systems analysis and design texts suggest different timings for its preparation and presentation; informal survey of forty seven organizations reveals that the feasibility studies are not being performed on a formal basis and that the timings used by them are different from the ones recommended by texts; and finally results from our quasiexperimental study indicate that there is a divergence of views among analysts and users regarding the appropriate feasibility study timings. Based on our results, three alternate strategies are recommended for conducting feasibility studies, and a contingency model is proposed for strategy selection.
A Surprisingly Singular Role for Endophilin in Synaptic Vesicle Recycling

Synaptic vesicle endocytosis requires membrane curvature, fission, and uncoating. Endophilin has been proposed to play a role in all three steps, but in this issue of Neuron, De Camilli and colleagues show that at mammalian central synapses it is primarily involved in clathrin uncoating.
Gamma activity modulated by picture and auditory naming tasks: intracranial recording in patients with focal epilepsy.

Objective We measured the spatial, temporal and developmental patterns of gamma activity augmented by picture- and auditory-naming tasks and determined the clinical significance of naming-related gamma-augmentation.
Prey Selectivity and Diet of Striped Bass in Western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina

Abstract We collected 1,399 striped bass Morone saxatilis from western Albemarle Sound, North Carolina, during May through October of 2002 and 2003 to characterize diet, prey type selectivity, and prey size selectivity. Herrings Alosa spp., Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli, silversides Menidia spp., and yellow perch Perca flavescens dominated the diets of age-1 striped bass, while Atlantic menhaden dominated the diets of older striped bass. Selectivity was calculated for three categories of striped bass (ages 1, 2, and 3+ [3–7]) based on fish prey collections from a 61-m beach seine and a 76-m purse seine. Striped bass of all ages primarily consumed fish prey regardless of the month or year. Each age category of striped bass selected for one or more species of prey from the suborder Clupeoidei. Age-1 striped bass selectivity of Alosa spp. generally increased with the progression of each sampling season, whereas selectivity for Atlantic menhaden, Menidia spp., and yellow ...
Neural Activation in Women in Response to Masculinized Male Faces: Mediation by Hormones and Psychosexual Factors

Women's preference for masculine faces varies with hormonal state, sociosexuality, and relationship status, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We hypothesized that hormones and psychosexual factors (sociosexuality, sexual inhibition/excitation) mediate the perception and evaluation of male faces thereby influencing women's preferences. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity in 12 women as they evaluated pictures of male faces (half 30% masculinized, half 30% feminized). Participants were heterosexual women, age 23–28 years, who were not in a committed relationship and not using hormonal contraception. Women were tested during both the follicular and luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. We found five brain regions related to face and risk processing that responded more to the masculinized than to the feminized faces, including the superior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and anterior cingulate cortex. Increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex, specifically, may indicate that women perceive masculinized faces to be both more risky and more attractive. We did not see any areas that were more strongly activated by feminized faces. Levels of activation were influenced by hormonal and psychosexual factors. The patterns of hormonally and psychosexually mediated neural activation observed may offer insight into the cognitive processes underlying women's partner preferences.
Novel 3-Layer Femoral Herniorrhaphy: Combining the Best of McVay and Shouldice

Femoral hernias occur less frequently than inguinal hernias, but are often more challenging to repair surgically. Femoral hernias constitute between 2% and 8% of groin hernias, with the majority afflicting women. Because of the narrow neck and unyielding surrounding structures, femoral hernias are more likely to incarcerate or strangulate than their inguinal counterparts. They commonly present with incarceration of fat or intra-peritoneal contents. There has been extensive controversy in the last several decades concerning optimal approaches to femoral hernia repair, beginning with inguinal vs femoral approaches initially, to current debates about open vs laparoscopic and mesh vs tissue. Annandale is credited with the first inguinal approach to femoral hernia repair. Many other techniques have been described, but the contributions of Chester McVay established the fundamental basis for understanding femoral hernia repair. The McVay repair requires a relaxing incision to obtain a tension-free repair. Since Lichtenstein and colleagues described the use of prosthetic mesh for tension-free herniorrhaphy, many have turned to mesh to address the difficulties of femoral hernia repair, obviating the need for a relaxing incision. The use of prosthetic mesh is not universally applicable to femoral or inguinal hernia repair due to the incidence of strangulation and necrosis causing a potentially contaminated field. In addition, mesh can lead to other complications, such as chronic pain, infection, migration, and erosion. An effective primary tissue repair for femoral hernia is a useful procedure in the armamentarium of the general surgeon. During two recent humanitarian missions to Guatemala, surgeons from the George Washington University Department of Surgery encountered an unusually large incidence of femoral hernias. A technique developed at George Washington University, which combines a classic McVay (Cooper’s ligament [CL]) repair with a
The diet-heart question in 1985: has it really been settled?

Discussion sur l'etat actuel des connaissances concernant les rapports entre regime, hypercholesterolemie et cardiopathies
A numerical approach based on transient thermal analysis to estimate the safe operating frequencies of thyristors

The spatio-temporal distribution of temperatures in high-power SCRs used for switching high di/dt current pulses were simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Two types of SCRs, with amplifying gate (unshorted device), and without amplifying gate (shorted device) structures, were analyzed. The details of the numerical simulation, such as the meshing strategy, the heat source model and the boundary conditions are discussed. Based on the analysis, the failure temperature of the unshorted device was computed to be 1100 degrees C. The peak temperature in the shorted device was, however, found to be 335 degrees C. The instantaneous cooling cycles of the devices and their cooling time constants, as obtained from the simulations, are presented. Based on these parameters, the safe operating frequencies of these devices were estimated. >
FATIGUE'S LACK OF EFFECT ON THIGH-MUSCLE ACTIVITY IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT-RECONSTRUCTED PATIENTS DURING A DYNAMIC-LANDING TASK

Context: As individuals returning to activity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr) likely experience fatigue, understanding how fatigue affects knee-muscle activation patterns during sport-like maneuvers is of clinical importance. Fatigue has been suggested to impair neuromuscular control strategies. As a result, fatigue may place ACLr patients at increased risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Objective: To determine the effects of fatigue on knee-muscle activity post-ACLr. Design: Case control. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: 12 individuals 7–10 mo post-ACLr (7 male, 5 female; age 22.1 ± 4.7 y; 1.8 ± 0.1 m; mass 77.7 ± 11.9 kg) and 13 controls (4 male, 9 female; age 22.9 ± 4.3 y; 1.7 ± 0.1 m; mass 66.9 ± 9.8 kg). Interventions: Fatigue was induced via repetitive sets of double-leg squats (n = 8), which were interspersed with sets of single-leg landings (n = 3), until squats were no longer possible. Main Outcome Measures: 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA was u...
Color image projection through a strongly scattering wall

We present multi-color image projection through highly scattering media for image formation without need of reconstruction. We overcome the fundamental limitations to the transmission of visual information imposed by multiple scattering phenomena via multi-parametric adaptive wavefront modulation that takes into account the scattering properties of the medium. In order to evaluate the wavefront modulation required for a specific image formation we implement a global optimization via a genetic algorithm. We create color images by diffraction and multiple scattering effects as well as via RGB demosaicing.
Towards Prediction of 3-D Separated Flows Using an Unstructured LES Code

In this paper, we document large eddy simulations (LES) performed on a sphere and the Advanced Swimmer Delivery System (ASDS), a small blunt-ended submarine. The objective of this work is to develop a methodology for being able to compute the occurrence and strength of stern separation in order to accurately predict drag, maneuvering and structural loads, and acoustic signatures. We are using an energy-conserving large eddy simulations (LES) code called MPCUGLES that runs with hybrid structured-unstructured meshes. We document LES of flow over a sphere at Reynolds numbers 10,000 to 1.14 million with excellent comparison to experimental data. We also document a preliminary effort for LES of flow over ASDS. Even the simplest of these computations is very CPU-intensive necessitating the large amounts of CPU time available through the HPCMP Challenge Project C3U.
AGU planet Earth committee report: Part II, Interior and crust

The Earth's mantle, core, and crust comprise 99.98% of its mass. The mantle, making up the bulk of the mass at 70% and composed of higher density rocks (rich in magnesium silicates, plus some iron silicates), extends an average of 15–2900 km deep. The core is the center of the Earth, 2900–6370 km deep, composed mainly of molten iron. The crust is the outermost layer of the solid Earth, composed of lower density rocks (rich in silica and aluminum and calcium silicates) 6–40 km thick.
A science of design for software-intensive systems

Computer science and engineering needs an intellectually rigorous, analytical, teachable design process to ensure development of systems we all can live with.
Principles of confocal microscopy.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the basic principles of confocal microscopy. Confocal microscopy has reached the point that instruments are now effective and inexpensive compared to the early 1990s when commercial technologies were introduced. More complex systems such as ultra violet (UV) microscopes are still relatively rare; however, these may eventually be superseded by the multiphoton microscopes now becoming almost turnkey in operation. For routine one-, two-, or three-color fluorescence microscopy, where three dimensionality is important, conventional confocal microscopes surpass multiphoton resolution and will be around for many more years. A new breed of low-cost instruments is now available, making this technology a simple tool requiring no significant technical or engineering knowledge. New fluorescent dyes are also available, increasing the applications for confocal microscopy. New applications are being developed that utilize reflectance or autofluorescence, which while previously considered a problem can be used a tool for extracting three-dimensional information from within thick tissue.
Nutritionally mediated programming of the developing immune system.

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of a mother’s nutrition from preconception through lactation in programming the emerging organ systems and homeostatic pathways of her offspring. The developing immune system may be particularly vulnerable. Indeed, examples of nutrition-mediated immune programming can be found in the literature on intra-uterine growth retardation, maternal micronutrient deficiencies, and infant feeding. Current models of immune ontogeny depict a “layered” expansion of increasingly complex defenses, which may be permanently altered by maternal malnutrition. One programming mechanism involves activation of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to nutritional stress. Fetal or neonatal exposure to elevated stress hormones is linked in animal studies to permanent changes in neuroendocrine-immune interactions, with diverse manifestations such as an attenuated inflammatory response or reduced resistance to tumor colonization. Maternal malnutrition may also have a direct influence, as evidenced by nutrient-driven epigenetic changes to developing T regulatory cells and subsequent risk of allergy or asthma. A 3rd programming pathway involves placental or breast milk transfer of maternal immune factors with immunomodulatory functions (e.g. cytokines). Maternal malnutrition can directly affect transfer mechanisms or influence the quality or quantity of transferred factors. The public health implications of nutrition-mediated immune programming are of particular importance in the developing world, where prevalent maternal undernutrition is coupled with persistent infectious challenges. However, early alterations to the immune system, resulting from either nutritional deficiencies or excesses, have broad relevance for immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma, and chronic inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease.
Migraine and obesity: moving beyond BMI.

37 ISSN 1479-6708 10.2217/FNL.13.65 © 2014 Future Medicine Ltd Future Neurol. (2014) 9(1), 37–40 It has been over a decade since the publication of the first study evaluating the epidemiological association between obesity and headache [1]. Since Brown et al.’s study in 2000, multiple clinical and general population studies have followed [1–3]. Methodological differences in this early research generated some controversy. Some hypothesized that the disease risk between migraine and obesity was modified by age, being stronger in those of reproductive age compared with perior post-reproductive aged individuals; others hypothesized that this association was limited to only those with high-frequency or chronic migraine (CM). Notably, those general population studies evaluating only older individuals found no association between obesity and migraine. By contrast, all general population studies evaluating reproductive-age individuals reported significant associations between migraine and obesity, with the exception of studies that included individuals with other headache types, remitted migraine and chronic daily headaches in the control group [2,4]. Most recently, Peterlin et al. evaluated the episodic migraine (EM)–obesity relationship in a cross-sectional, general population analysis of over 3800 participants [4]. Controls included participants with no headache of any type and excluded remitted migraineurs. In general, obese individuals had an 81% increased risk of EM compared with those of normal weight (odds ratio: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.27–2.57; p = 0.001). In addition, subgroup analyses demonstrated that even the odds of low-frequency EM and very low-frequency EM were increased in those with obesity (low-frequency EM: odds ratio: 1.83;95% CI: 1.26–2.65; very low-frequency EM: odds ratio: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.29–2.78). Thus, this study extended the migraine–obesity relationship to include EM of all frequencies. These findings also substantiated previous data suggesting that the risk of EM increased with increasing obesity status from normal weight to overweight to obese [4]. While the extension of the migraine– obesity association to include episodic migraineurs may appear to be only of theoretical interest, there are concrete
Discrimination in mortgage lending: Evidence from a correspondence experiment☆

We design and implement an experimental test for differential response by mortgage loan originators (MLOs) to requests for information about loans. Our e-mail correspondence experiment is designed to analyze differential treatment by client race and credit score. Our results show net discrimination by 1.8% of MLOs through non-response. We also find that MLOs offer more details about loans and are more likely to send follow up correspondence to whites. The effect of being African American on MLO response is equivalent to the effect of having a credit score that is 71 points lower.
Rebellious Daughters: A Feminist Genealogy of Global Citizenship

Feminists claim that women have an affinity for citizenship beyond the nation-state, because of maternal pacifism, the long exclusion from the vote, and the need for transnational resources to pressure nation-states. To systematize why and how Progressive-era feminists developed a notion of global citizenship, I apply a genealogical method derived from Nietzsche and Foucault. My overall argument is that out of rebellion against their parents' support of the gendered domestic-public split, college-educated daughters invented a notion of embodied global citizenship by engaging in cross-class relations in global cities and by moving through local to global levels of government. This argument establishes why women's inclusion in democracy required them to engender global citizenship and how they created a new notion of multileveled social justice global citizenship rooted in daily life. To develop the argument, I interweave Jane Addams's narrative about her generation with the following characteristics of the genealogical method: no teleology, surprise beginnings shaped by power struggles, revolt of the body, and intentional actions, evolutionary processes constitutive of the feminist notion of global citizenship, and contingent factors that influenced both the beginnings and the processes. I also illustrate the constitutive processes by examining the lived experiences of Grace Abbott and Alice Hamilton.
MORRF: sampling-based multi-objective motion planning

Many robotic tasks require solutions that maximize multiple performance objectives. For example, in path-planning, these objectives often include finding short paths that avoid risk and maximize the information obtained by the robot. Although there exist many algorithms for multi-objective optimization, few of these algorithms apply directly to robotic path-planning and fewer still are capable of finding the set of Pareto optimal solutions. We present the MORRF* (Multi-Objective Rapidly exploring Random Forest*) algorithm, which blends concepts from two different types of algorithms from the literature: Optimal rapidly exploring random tree (RRT*) for efficient path finding [Karaman and Frazzoli, 2010] and a decomposition-based approach to multi-objective optimization [Zhang and Li, 2007]. The random forest uses two types of tree structures: a set of reference trees and a set of subproblem trees. We present a theoretical analysis that demonstrates that the algorithm asymptotically produces the set of Pareto optimal solutions, and use simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of MORRF* in approximating the Pareto set.
Managing Incremental Commitment: An Analytic Challenge

Decision making often consists of incremental moves toward some selected objective, which can be reconsidered as knowledge emerges - as when an individual chooses a career, or a commander picks a military course of action. Analyzing these decision strategy options as if they were single integral commitments can distort comparison. However, rigorous normative treatment of complex act-event sequences is often impractical. Alternative analytic aids to managing incremental commitment usefully are explored, e.g; evaluation of integral options adjusted for flexibility, successive decision analyses of incremental options, simplified information gathering decision trees, feedback to decider on evolving operation success, rehearsing deciders on potential recognition-primed sequences.
Scientific Progress in Agriculture, Land Requirements and Land Use Adjustments

SCIENTIFIC progress may be thought of as the sum total of all the various technological developments from the beginning of time, particularly those which have characterized western civilization since the early 1800s, and which have enhanced the abilities of factors to produce goods and services. This is called progress because we apparently prefer more to less. The introduction of technologies, however, disturbs the relationships between factors, between products, and between factors and products, and hence calls for re-examination of the way in which these factors will be combined. Today we examine particularly the impact of scientific progress on the land factor. First let us examine the nature of scientific progress in agriculture, then trace the more interesting contemporary facts about scientific progress in agriculture particularly with respect to land use before conjecturing about the future.
Contribution of micro-motion to backside wear in a fixed bearing total knee arthroplasty.

This study seeks to identify important factors related to backside wear of tibial inserts in vivo and determine an appropriate wear model for backside wear. An IRB approved database was queried for tibial inserts of a single design from one manufacturer that exhibited evidence of rotatory motion on the backside of the polyethylene. These devices were measured for volumetric wear using a previously established protocol. Features including the change in locking lip width and measurement of micro-motion marks were used to describe the motion pattern. Volumetric wear and implant characteristics were compared using linear regressions by modeling wear theories suggested by Archard and Wang to determine the most appropriate model for backside wear. The Wang model showed that duration, adjusted sliding distance, and cross-shear index accounted for approximately 58% of the volumetric wear variation while adjusted sliding distance and duration in vivo accounted for approximately 35% of the volumetric wear variation in the Archard model. Patient weight (p = 0.750), patient BMI (p = 0.680), and backside area (p = 0.784) of the tibial insert were all found to be non-significant in the Wang model. Similarly, patient weight (p = 0.233), patient BMI (p = 0.162), and backside area (p = 0.796) were found to be non-significant in the Archard model. Multidirectional micro-motion appears to contribute significantly to the wear of these components, supporting the Wang theory of cross-shear for polyethylene wear. Cross-shear of polymers on an unpolished titanium tray can lead to an increase in wear debris in the body. Care should be taken when designing locking mechanisms and tray designs. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1933-1940, 2016.
MP24-07 TIME TRENDS IN THE USE OF SECONDARY TREATMENTS FOR BIOCHEMICAL RECURRENCE AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Despite a downward stage migration in prostate cancer (PCa) over the last decades, there has been an increase in the use of radiotherapy and radical prostatectomy (RP) as primary treatments. However, it is unknown whether a shift toward more aggressive approaches also occurred in the treatment of biochemical recurrence (BCR) following RP. In addition, it is unclear whether the time trends in the use of treatments for BCR correlate with changes in the severity of BCR over time. Herein, we analyzed the time trends of BCR severity and the use of secondary treatments for BCR after RP. METHODS: We analyzed data from 3434 men with BCR after RP for PCa at Mayo Clinic from 1987 to 2012. Cumulative incidence (CI) of secondary treatments (overall, radiotherapy [RT], and androgen deprivation therapy [ADT]) were estimated using life-table methods adjusting for competing risk of systemic progression and death. The effect of BCR year was estimated using Cox proportional hazard models unadjusted and adjusted for clinicopathologic features. Chisquared test was used to analyze BCR severity (PSA levels and PSADT in groups) by BCR year. RESULTS: Overall, 1891 (55%) patients received any form of treatment for BCR, 1224 (36%) received RT, and 1296 (38%) ADT over a median follow-up time of 8.0 years after BCR (interquartile range 1⁄4 3.9-12.6). On univariable analysis, more recent BCR year was associated with a higher CI of RT (HR1⁄41.02, P<0.001), lower CI of ADT (HR1⁄40.98, P<0.001), and slightly lower CI of any secondary treatments (HR1⁄40.99, P1⁄40.023). On multivariable analysis, more recent BCR year was associated with higher CI of overall secondary treatments (HR1⁄41.02, P<0.001), RT (HR1⁄41.04, P<0.001), and similar ADT (HR1⁄41.00, P1⁄40.85). Conversely, the severity of BCR as measured by PSA and PSADT at BCR decreased in more recent years (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite less aggressive BCR in more recent years, patients were more frequently treated with RT over time. These results suggest a shift toward more aggressive approaches for BCR after RP in more recent years.
Studies in organometallic rearrangements

The unsymmetrical 1-substituted indenyl anions, 1-RC9H−6 [I, R = CH3; II, Si(CH3)3], react with a variety of electrophilic reagents to give products substituted at both C(1) and C(3). Anion I gives predominant or exclusive attachment of the entering group at C(3) to give 1-substituted, 3-methylindenes whereas anion II reacts at both C(1) and C(3) to give mixtures of isomers. In several cases the initial kinetic products undergo isomerization to more thermodynamically stable products, and the kinetic parameters for these reactions are reported. The results of the anion quenching reactions are discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.
First airborne samples of a volcanic plume for δ13C of CO2 determinations

Volcanic degassing is one of the main natural sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Carbon isotopes of volcanic gases enable the determination of CO2 sources including mantle, organic or carbonate sediments, and atmosphere. Until recently, this work required sample collection from vents followed by laboratory analyses. Isotope ratio infrared analyzers now enable rapid analyses of plume δ13C-CO2, in situ and in real time. Here we report the first analyses of δ13C-CO2 from airborne samples. These data combined with plume samples from the vent area enable extrapolation to the volcanic source δ13C. We performed our experiment at the previously unsampled and remote Kanaga Volcano in the Western Aleutians. We find a δ13C source composition of −4.4‰, suggesting that CO2 from Kanaga is primarily sourced from the upper mantle with minimal contributions from subducted components. Our method is widely applicable to volcanoes where remote location or activity level precludes sampling using traditional methods.
Pairwise Comparisons and their Contribution to Understanding Consciousness

With network ANP decision structures we raise the weighted supermatrix to powers to obtain the limiting priorities that represent the answer we seek, the priorities of the alternatives of choice. With a neural structure we need eigenfuntions to represent the priorities. The firing of each neuron can be represented by an eigenfunction, an exponentially damped periodic function of period one. There are four fundamental kinds of eigenfunctions: real, complex, quaternionic and octonionic. Each kind is suitable for certain kinds of sensations and thoughts. Interpreting how they contribute to consciousness is under investigation in a paper to appear in the journal Neural Networks.
Here's a Little Lagniappe for You

I moved to Louisiana at the end of 1998 to attend Louisiana State University (LSU) as an undergraduate student, and I didn’t leave until December of 2006. Having come from Maryland, where I was raised from an early age, I had all the typical prejudices and concerns about my decision to attend a school that was geographically located in “the South.” I believed that my decision to pursue my education in Louisiana would be met with blatant racism and homophobia, but also couldn’t deny myself an opportunity that I might not have again — to leave the stifling confines of my familiar surroundings at home and to go across country on an adventure.
A model approach to assess diaphragmatic volume displacement

Diaphragmatic volume displacement (Vdi) is calculated from two models using measurements obtained from anteroposterior fluoroscopic images of supine anesthetized dogs. In model 1, diaphragmatic descent was treated as if it were a "piston in a cylinder." In contrast, model 2 incorporated thoracic configuration as well as inspiratory changes in rib cage diameter and diaphragm shape. In one dog, a computerized tomography reconstruction of Vdi was compared with Vdi calculated using the models. Vdi calculated from model 2 lay within 11% of the computerized tomographic value, whereas Vdi based on model 1 was 30% larger. In seven animals, radiopaque markers were sewn to the right costal diaphragm. Digitized fluoroscopic images were used to measure intermarker distance, an index of muscle shortening. For four tidal breaths per dog, in model 2 Vdi averaged 49 +/- 18% of tidal volume and was weakly correlated with costal diaphragm muscle shortening (R = 0.74). It is concluded that Vdi can be estimated from linear dimensions in the coronal plane, provided that inspiratory changes in rib cage diameter and diaphragmatic shape change are taken into account.
Denatured collagen from the cuticle of Ascaris lumbricoides as a substrate for protocollagen proline hydroxylase.

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine found in the collagen of vertebrates are synthesized by the hydroxylation of proline and lysine, which have been incorporated into a large polypeptide precursor of collagen called protocollagen. Because the collagen isolated from the cuticle of Ascaris lumbricoides contains less hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine than any other known collagen, it was of interest to determine whether this collagen could serve as a substrate for the synthesis of hydroxyproline by protocollagen proline hydroxylase from a vertebrate source. Essentially no synthesis of hydroxyproline was observed when the hydroxylase from chick embryos was incubated with native cuticle collagen solubilized by either 0.5 m NaCl extraction or pepsin treatment. Both of these large aggregate forms of the collagen, however, served as substrates for hydroxyproline synthesis after they were denatured by heating at 100° for 10 min. A subunit form of the collagen with a lower specific optical rotation than the large aggregate preparations served as a substrate without prior heat treatment, but the rate of hydroxyproline synthesis was increased by boiling the preparation. Comparison of the relative substrate activities and specific optical rotations of various forms of the cuticle collagen indicated an inverse relationship between the rate of hydroxyproline synthesis and the apparent degree of helicity. Previous reports by others have suggested that the subunit structure of collagen from Ascaris cuticle may involve a helical conformation different from that found in other collagens, and it is possible that an unusual conformation of the polypeptide chain or chains of the native cuticle collagen may explain its inability to serve as a substrate for protocollagen proline hydroxylase.
Treatment of Postoperative Fistula and Stricture with Myocutaneous Flap

Complications after reconstruction of the esophagus such as fistula and stricture are troublesome to both patients and surgeons. They can be treated in selected cases with transposition of myocutaneous flaps like latissimus dorsi [1] or pectoralis major [2]. The myocutaneous flap provides a skin patch for the inner lining of the esophagus, as well as abundant muscle of good blood supply to close the wound, which is an infection focus [3]. A series of 12 cases were treated in this way with satisfactory results.
THE CLIMATOLOGY OF LAKE EFFECT IN MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN

Prevailing onshore winds off Lake Michigan in the warm season (April-October) cause cooling along the adjacent coast during the day. Mesoscale lake breeze formation occurs most frequently in August. Synoptic-aided lake breezes, which combine mesoscale inputs with existing large-scale conditions, are most prevalent in May. Lake breezes are favored by high pressure and airmass weather patterns. Synoptic lake effect dominates in April; large-scale onshore flow is often produced by high pressure, post-cold front, and pre-warm front weather conditions. Overall, lake cooling is experienced 60% of the time during the warmer months. The highest frequency of lake effect is found in May. The cooling impact of Lake Michigan across the Milwaukee area is maximized since spring is the season of greatest contrast in land and lake temperatures. Lake-effect conditions in the cool season (November-March) occur less frequently. Onshore flow off the warmer lake reduces cooling at night along the Milwaukee shoreline. Synoptic...
Operative repair of a chronic, ulnar proximal interphalangeal dislocation of the little finger with an excellent functional result:

Chronic dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint are not common. The instability and physical impairment, however, can render the digit or hand quite dysfunctional. A case report of the r...
Algebraic properties of toric rings of graphs

Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph. We investigate the Cohen–Macaulayness and algebraic invariants, such as the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and the projective dimension, of the toric ring k[G] via th...
Sternal Malformations and Anesthetic Management

Summary Shamberger and Welch classify sternal malformations into four types: thoracic ectopia cordis, cervical ectopia cordis, thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis, and cleft sternum. Cleft sternum is the most common subset, with a reported incidence of 1 in 50,000 to 100,000 live births, representing 0.15% of all anterior chest wall malformations. Acostello et al further classify cleft sternum into complete or partial (superior, medium, inferior) with a simple superior partial cleft sternum being by far the most common with an orthotopic heart, intact pericardium, and normal skin coverage. Associated anomalies with superior partial cleft sternum are rare, but can include cervicofacial hemangiomas, midline raphe from the tip of the cleft to the umbilicus, and PHACES (posterior fossa malformations, facial hemangiomas, arterial anomalies with coarctation of aorta, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities, sternal cleft, and supraumbilical raphe) syndrome. The more rare inferior partial clefts are associated with thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis as part of the Pentalogy of Cantrell (omphalocele, anterior diaphragmatic hernia, sternal cleft, ectopia cordis, ventricular septal defect/left ventricular diverticulum). This review summarizes the current knowledge of all four types of sternal malformations, and provides guidance for optimal anesthetic and perioperative care of these children.
A Delphi Study to Identify Best-Practices to Affect Change in Nursing Student Incivility At a Southeastern U. S. Community College

This research study focused on the phenomena of student incivility in nursing education and the perception of part-time and full-time Associate Degree in Nursing (AND) nursing faculty regarding the issue. Nursing student incivility has become a threat to learning and instructor job satisfaction (Bittner & O’Connor, 2012). The Incivility in Nursing Education (Revised) Survey was used to identify nursing faculty perceptions of student uncivil behavior within an Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN) nursing program at a Southeastern United States community college. I utilized the Delphi technique to reach consensus among practice experts to determine best practices to prevent and manage student uncivil behaviors. Results of the study can be used for further academic policy development regarding student incivility.
Fractal Dimension Calculation for Big Data Using Box Locality Index

The box-counting approach for fractal dimension calculation is scaled up for big data using a data structure named box locality index (BLI). The BLI is constructed as key-value pairs with the key indexing the location of a “box” (i.e., a grid cell on the multi-dimensional space) and the value counting the number of data points inside the box (i.e., “box occupancy”). Such a key-value pair structure of BLI significantly simplifies the traditionally used hierarchical structure and encodes only necessary information required by the box-counting approach for fractal dimension calculation. Moreover, as the box occupancies (i.e., the values) associated with the same index (i.e., the key) are aggregatable, the BLI grants the box-counting approach the needed scalability for fractal dimension calculation of big data using distributed computing techniques (e.g., MapReduce and Spark). Taking the advantage of the BLI, MapReduce and Spark methods for fractal dimension calculation of big data are developed, which conduct box-counting for each grid level as a cascade of MapReduce/Spark jobs in a bottom-up fashion. In an empirical validation, the MapReduce and Spark methods demonstrated good effectiveness and efficiency in fractal calculation of a big synthetic dataset. In summary, this work provides an efficient solution for estimating the intrinsic dimension of big data, which is essential for many machine learning methods and data analytics including feature selection and dimensionality reduction.
Sonic hedgehog agonist fails to induce neural stem cell precursors in a porcine model of experimental intracranial hemorrhage.

Background: The role of endogenous neural stem cell progenitors in recovery from intracranial hemorrhage remains to be elucidated. Proliferation of such stem cells in the subventricular zone has been described in rodent models of experimental intracranial hemorrhage. Administration of a sonic hedgehog agonist at the time of hemorrhage was hypothesized to increase the quantity of such precursor cells.
Mechanisms underlying variation in beef cattle feed efficiency: roles of muscle and adipose tissues.

The potential for the contributions of muscle and adipose tissue to variation in feed efficiency (FE) is large. Both energy storage and energy turnover mechanisms may contribute to variation in efficient use of feed energy inputs (Hill and Ahola, 2012). This paper provides a brief review of some of the mechanisms that contribute to variation in efficiency of energy utilization.