cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Through the drinking glass: an analysis of the cultural meanings of college drinking

College drinking and its adverse consequences on students' health and safety are important public health concerns in the USA. Thus far, there is little attention on exploring and addressing the cultural dimensions of college drinking. This study examines the construction of meaning of drinking among students to understand their perspectives of the college drinking culture. From an analysis of a purposive sample of 232 US college newspaper articles covering alcohol-related news and associated readers’ responses, the study identified five major insights in the cultural meanings of college drinking: (1) drinking is central to the US college experience although this can and should change; (2) drinking has significant social and functional meanings to students' identities; (3) heavy drinking derives from a culture of risk taking; (4) college drinking is highly scripted and ritualized; and (5) various social motives drive students' drinking. The first implication for practice and research of college drinking pr...
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts: preliminary results in 25 patients.

Abstract A retrospective study of transjugular intrahepatic shunts performed between June 1990 and June 1991 is reported. Twelve patients were actively bleeding at the time of the procedure; 12 other patients had had one to five bleeding episodes within the previous 2 weeks, and one patient had massive ascites from Budd-Chiari syndrome. Most patients had severe liver disease: 21 Child's class C, three Child's class B, and one Child's class A. Transjugular intrahepatic shunting was technically successful in all cases. Portal vein pressures were reduced on average from 36 ± 7 cm H 2 O to 22 ± 6 cm H 2 O. Variceal bleeding ceased after transjugular intrahepatic shunting in all patients who were actively bleeding. Five patients died (30-day mortality, 20%), and eight patients subsequently underwent elective liver transplantation. The transjugular intrahepatic shunts in the 12 other patients have remained patent an average of 5.5 months. Shunt occlusion occurred in three patients at 21, 24, and 102 days, respectively. All three occlusions were successfully reopened with percutaneous techniques, yielding a primary shunt patency of 88% and secondary shunt patency of 100%. Complications included new onset encephalopathy in one patient, which cleared with medical therapy and transient renal failure in one patient. These preliminary data suggest that transjugular intrahepatic shunting is a safe and effective therapy for the short-term treatment of patients with variceal hemorrhage, particularly in patients with severe liver disease awaiting transplantation. The long-term benefit of transjugular intrahepatic shunting awaits further follow-up. (J Vasc Surg 1992;16:258–67.)
EVI1 Impairs Myelopoiesis by Deregulation of PU.1 Function

EVI1 is an oncogene inappropriately expressed in the bone marrow (BM) of approximately 10% of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. This disease is characterized by severe anemia and multilineage myeloid dysplasia that are thought to be a major cause of mortality in MDS patients. We earlier reported on a mouse model that constitutive expression of EVI1 in the BM led to fatal anemia and myeloid dysplasia, as observed in MDS patients, and we subsequently showed that EVI1 interaction with GATA1 blocks proper erythropoiesis. Whereas this interaction could provide the basis for the erythroid defects in EVI1-positive MDS, it does not explain the alteration of myeloid differentiation. Here, we have examined the expression of several genes activated during terminal myelopoiesis in BM cells and identified a group of them that are altered by EVI1. A common feature of these genes is their regulation by the transcription factor PU.1. We report here that EVI1 interacts with PU.1 and represses the PU.1-dependent activation of a myeloid promoter. EVI1 does not seem to inhibit PU.1 binding to DNA, but rather to block its association with the coactivator c-Jun. After mapping the PU.1-EVI1 interaction sites, we show that an EVI1 point mutant, unable to bind PU.1, restores the activation of PU.1-regulated genes and allows a normal differentiation of BM progenitors in vitro.
Tumor-Induced Suppression of CTL Expansion and Subjugation by gp96-Ig Vaccination

Established tumors suppress antitumor immune responses and induce tolerance by incompletely characterized mechanisms, and this phenomenon is an important barrier to tumor immunotherapy. Single vaccination with tumor cells expressing gp96-Ig stimulates robust expansion of tumor-specific CTLs in tumor-naive mice and this expansion is inhibited by established tumors. Interestingly, frequent vaccinations restore antitumor immune responses in the presence of established tumors. Syngeneic EG7 tumor-bearing mice have heterogeneous responses to frequent vaccination with EG7-gp96-Ig, with 32% complete responders and 68% partial responders. Comparison of responders to nonresponders revealed an inverse correlation between tumor-specific CTL expansion in the peripheral blood and tumor size. To identify immune cells and molecules associated with effective antitumor immune responses, reverse transcription-PCR arrays were performed using cells isolated from the vaccination site. ELISAs, cellular phenotyping, and tumor immunohistochemistry were also performed comparing vaccine responders to nonresponders. These data show that up-regulation of T-bet, RORgammat, IFNgamma, CCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 at the vaccination site are associated with vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. These data correlate with increased CTL expansion in the peripheral blood of responders, increased infiltration of responder tumors by CD8+ cells and interleukin-17+ cells, and decreased infiltration of responder tumors by CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and FoxP3+ cells. Furthermore, serum ELISAs revealed a significant elevation of transforming growth factor-beta in nonresponders as compared with responders. Interestingly, CD8+ T cells isolated from responders and nonresponders have equivalent cytotoxic activity in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that established tumors may escape immunosurveillance by preventing clonal expansion of tumor-specific CTL without inducing anergy.
Hybrid micro-technologies for medical applications

Medical applications have long provided an impetus for research in silicon-based microsystems. This paper explores micro-technologies that complement and extend conventional manufacturing approaches and applications. For example, lithographic microfabrication methods can be used to fabricate stents and integrated microsensors that can monitor lumen patency in cardiac and biliary applications. These methods can also be extended to the fabrication of ceramic-based piezoelectric transducers. One potential application is to provide tissue density measurements at the tip of a biopsy needle. Piezo-thermal elements may additionally provide the means for precise cauterization and tissue ablation. Other examples of hybrid micro-technologies are also provided.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Function

The study of hemodynamics began in 1628 with William Harvey’s description of the circulation of blood. Hemodynamics describes the complex interactions between cardiac function, vascular pressure, resistance and volume. An alteration in any of these variables can have profound physiological consequences. In order to support the cardiovascular system during a variety of disease states, an appreciation of the available assessment tools used to evaluate cardiac function and hemodynamics is essential. This chapter will focus on the utility and limitations of noninvasive and invasive measures of cardiac function and hemodynamics.
Random-Walk Term Weighting for Improved Text Classification

This paper describes a new approach for estimating term weights in a text classification task. The approach uses term co-occurrence as a measure of dependency between word features. A random walk model is applied on a graph encoding words and co-occurrence dependencies, resulting in scores that represent a quantification of how a particular word feature contributes to a given context. We argue that by modeling feature weights using these scores, as opposed to the traditional frequency-based scores, we can achieve better results in a text classification task. Experiments performed on four standard classification datasets show that the new random-walk based approach outperforms the traditional term frequency approach to feature weighting.
Androgen excretion patterns in a patient with a metastatic hilus cell tumor of the ovary

The second reported patient with a metastatic hilus cell tumor of the ovary is described. Testosterone sulfate excretion was magnified from normal by nearly 10,000 times. There is no other recorded instance of so large an increase of this hormone in any pathologic condition. Perhaps in those cases of undiagnosed hirsutism and/or masculinization, this solvolyzed fraction of testosterone may be a clue to the origin of the problem. This may be an extremely sensitive mirror to neoplastic processes, particularly on hormonally dependent tissues. There is every likelihood that this hormone conjugate was produced by the tumor cells and not just from the sulfurylation of the free testosterone.
Fusarium graminearum Genomics and Beyond

The filamentous ascomycete Fusarium graminearum has been studied intensively over decades. The fungus causes disease and produces mycotoxins on cereal crops, such as wheat, barley, and maize, threatening global food safety and human health. There is no effective approach to manage the disease or control mycotoxin production due to our limited understanding of underlying gene mechanisms and the lack of resistant cultivars. As great credit to the genome sequencing and analysis of F. graminearum, significant progress has been achieved in the past decade, covering multiple aspects including secondary metabolism, sexual and asexual development, and virulence. Together with advances in systematics, molecular diagnostics, molecular genetics and pathogenomics, F. graminearum is emerging as a model species to study fungal–plant interactions and filamentous fungal biology. In this chapter, we review current F. graminearum research in the postgenome era, focusing on the impact of genome sequencing, functional genomics, and technology applications. We also present our view on current challenges and future perspectives.
Empirical Modeling of Pressure Spectra in Adverse Pressure Gradient Turbulent Boundary Layers

This study investigated the unsteady aerodynamic forcing that occurs near the trailing edge of airfoils with chordwise Reynolds numbers between 2 and 6 million. Static pressure, unsteady surface pressure, and velocity measurements were made throughout the trailing-edge region of an airfoil model with three interchangeable, symmetric trailing-edge sections. The data of the present study were used to develop a new model for estimation of fluctuating surface pressure autospectra beneath two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer flow experiencing an adverse pressure gradient of variable strength. This new model has been used to compare with data from six separate experimental investigations from literature, and has been compared against a separately developed empirical model of the fluctuating surface pressure. Additional empirical modeling of the coherent extents of the fluctuating pressure field in the longitudinal and lateral directions, as well as the convection velocity, is presented as a function of nond...
YADING: fast clustering of large-scale time series data

Fast and scalable analysis techniques are becoming increasingly important in the era of big data, because they are the enabling techniques to create real-time and interactive experiences in data analysis. Time series are widely available in diverse application areas. Due to the large number of time series instances (e.g., millions) and the high dimensionality of each time series instance (e.g., thousands), it is challenging to conduct clustering on large-scale time series, and it is even more challenging to do so in real-time to support interactive exploration.In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end time series clustering algorithm, YADING, which automatically clusters large-scale time series with fast performance and quality results. Specifically, YADING consists of three steps: sampling the input dataset, conducting clustering on the sampled dataset, and assigning the rest of the input data to the clusters generated on the sampled dataset. In particular, we provide theoretical proof on the lower and upper bounds of the sample size, which not only guarantees YADING's high performance, but also ensures the distribution consistency between the input dataset and the sampled dataset. We also select L1 norm as similarity measure and the multi-density approach as the clustering method. With theoretical bound, this selection ensures YADING's robustness to time series variations due to phase perturbation and random noise.Evaluation results have demonstrated that on typical-scale (100,000 time series each with 1,000 dimensions) datasets, YADING is about 40 times faster than the state-of-the-art, sampling-based clustering algorithm DENCLUE 2.0, and about 1,000 times faster than DBSCAN and CLARANS. YADING has also been used by product teams at Microsoft to analyze service performance. Two of such use cases are shared in this paper.
Social Capital as a Conservative Force in Changing Societies: Black Voters and Machine Politics in Chicago

This paper examines mid-century African American politics in Chicago through a novel social capital approach grounded in an economically rigorous, individualistic framework. It challenges the proposition that social capital is a fundamental component of collective action aimed at developmentally positive change, arguing instead that the more individuals in a community make a conscious decision to invest resources into relationships as a means of providing for the future, the more they tend to be inclined towards collective action aimed at protecting the social, political, and economic status quo. I test this proposition with an examination of the delayed shift in African-American support for the Democratic Machine in Chicago during the 1940s and 1950s. Typically, theories of machine politics predict a rapid shift in the support of poor citizens toward the ascendant party in this case, the rising Democratic Party because they cannot do without the resources that the machine in power can provide. And yet, lower-income blacks waited almost ten years before shifting their support from the Republican Party to the Democratic one. This paper suggests that when the political tide began to shift away form the Republican Party, the existence of social capital ties between the party and poor blacks accounted for the lag in lower-income blacks shifting support to the Democratic Party.
The Algebra of Semi-Magic Squares

(1955). The Algebra of Semi-Magic Squares. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 237-239.
Isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein from human colostrum.

A glycoprotein was isolated from the M-1 acid glycoprotein fraction of human colostrum. It had a molecular weight of 31200 and contained 27% galactose, 21.7% hexosamine, 8.0% fucose and 10.8% sialic acid by weight. The glycoprotein had no absorption maxima in the 240–300nm region, and was virtually free of ABH(O) and M and N blood-group activity. Alkaline borohydride cleavage of the glycoprotein resulted predominantly in the destruction of threonine and galactosamine.
Pharmacist's effect on digoxin usage and toxicity

Digoxin usage and toxicity were compared in a prospective group of patients who were monitored by a pharmacist and a retrospective group for which there was no pharmacist consultation. For the prospective group, the pharmacist monitored patients and estimated the steady-state digoxin levels by the use of a nomographic method. Level greater than 2.2 ng/ml and concurrent ECG or physical signs of digoxin toxicity were communicated to the physician. For the retrospective group, digoxin levels were calculated based on data from the patients' charts. The 49 patients in the two study groups were categorized according to four levels of digoxin toxicity (ranging from "no evidence" to "probable"). The only characteristic that was significantly different between the two groups was the calculated creatinine clearance (lower for the retrospective group). The maintenance dose of digoxin and the incidence of digoxin toxicity were significantly lower in the prospective group. It is concluded that pharmacist intervention may have had an effect in reducing digoxin dosage and toxicity.
Extending Relational Dialectics Theory: Exploring New Avenues of Research

Over the years, relational dialectics theory (RDT) has emerged as a prominent theory in the Communication field. Applied primarily in interpersonal and family contexts, RDT has generated valuable insights into the communicative challenges that characterize relational life. However, despite the impressive body of RDT-informed research, researchers have yet to tap into the theory’s full potential. To fully utilize RDT’s core premises, I argue that communication researchers must take on two research “tasks”: (a) expand their methods of data collection; and (b) respect conceptual complexity. Addressing these tasks will enhance the theory and extend important knowledge about interpersonal and family communication.
Examining the role of follow-up skeletal surveys in non-accidental trauma.

Abstract Background Diagnosing NAT (non-accidental trauma) includes a skeletal survey to identify injuries. A follow-up survey is performed for missed injuries. This study examines the necessity of follow-up surveys. Methods The trauma database identified cases of suspected NAT in Results 79% positive initial findings and no new follow up findings. Those with negative initial imaging, had no missed injuries. Initial scans were 27.6X more likely to be positive. Fractured skull (31.3), femur (17.2) and ribs (15.7) were the most prevalent. No pelvic fractures and 12 months. Conclusions Follow-up skeletal surveys maybe unnecessary without clinical evidence. Uncommon pelvic and spinal fractures may warrant exclusion from surveys unless clinically indicated.
Cranial Nerve VII: Normal Contrast Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Cranial nerve VII (CN7) may have normal contrast enhancement in several locations. This is important to be aware of because MRI studies of the internal auditory canal (IAC) are quite common. Such MRI examinations typically employ postcontrast T1WI with fat suppression in order to augment visualization of an abnormally enhancing CN7 (e.g., Bell palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, Lyme disease, leukemia, sarcoidosis) or CN8 (e.g., schwannoma, labyrinthitis) or to evaluate for a mass within the adjacent petrous bone (e.g., glomus tumor, cholesteatoma, metastasis) or cerebellopontine angle (CPA; e.g., schwannoma or meningioma). Thus, the following descriptions of normal and abnormal regions of enhancement refer to contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed spin echo T1WI (FS T1WI).
Driving forces in MD simulations of transition and ‘Free’ flows

Simulations of porous gaseous flows are routinely used to investigate membrane permeation in catalytic adsorption and separation problems. Although basic continuum equations are supposed to breakdo...
Amine-functionalized (Al) MIL-53/VTEC™ mixed-matrix membranes for H2/CO2 mixture separations at high pressure and high temperature

Abstract VTEC™ PI-1388 and 20 wt% (Al) NH2-MIL-53/VTEC™ PI-1388 mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with different thicknesses were tested for gas permeation of H2 and CO2 from 5 to 30 bar and from 35 to 300 °C. 50/50 H2/CO2 mixtures were also tested at 30 bar and 250 °C with stage cuts that ranged from 0.05 to 1. Gas permeation data show that the affinity of (Al) NH2-MIL-53 for VTEC™ PI-1388 is strong enough to perform gas separations under these conditions. At 30 bar and at temperatures above 200 °C, the performance of the MMMs for H2/CO2 separation improved significantly with increasing temperature. Specifically, the H2 permeability of the MMM at 300 °C increased by 70% with respect to that of VTEC™ PI-1388 (VTEC™ PI-1388: H2 = 85 Barrer, H2/CO2 = 4.0; MMM: H2 = 144 Barrer, H2/CO2 = 5.8). Gas mixture separations using VTEC™ PI-1388 and the MMM depended on the stage cut and reached a maximum H2/CO2 separation of 7.2 for VTEC™ PI-1388 and 7.5 for the MMM at a stage cut of 0.05.
Techniques for Localization of IC Interconnection Defects

The advances in integrated circuit technology has made failure site localization extremely challenging. Charge-Induced Voltage Alteration (CIVA), Low Energy CIVA (LECIVA), Light-Induced Voltage Alteration (LIVA), Seebeck Effect Imaging (SEI) and Thermally-Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA) are five recently developed failure analysis techniques which meet the challenge by rapidly and non-destructively localizing interconnection defects on ICs. The techniques take advantage of voltage fluctuations in a constant current power supply as an electron or photon beam is scanned across an IC. CIVA and LECIVA are scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques that yield rapid localization of open interconnections. LIVA is a scanning optical microscopy (SOM) method that yields quick identification of damaged semiconductor junctions and determines transistor logic states. SEI and TIVA are SOM techniques that rapidly localize open interconnections and shorts respectively. LIVA, SEI, and TIVA can be performed from the backside of ICs by using the proper photon wavelength. CIVA, LECIVA, LIVA, TIVA, and SEI techniques in terms of the physics of signal generation, data acquisition system required, and imaging results displaying the utility of each technique for localizing interconnection defects. In addition to the techniques listed above, the Resistive Contrast Imaging (RCI) for localizing opens on metal test patterns will be described as a starting point for the “IVA” technologies.
Response to the “Comments on ‘Numerical Calculations of the Global and Local Components of the Neutron Noise Field in Boiling Water Reactors’”

(1981). Response to the “Comments on ‘Numerical Calculations of the Global and Local Components of the Neutron Noise Field in Boiling Water Reactors’”. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 108-108.
What is the Key Feature of Convection Leading up to Tropical Cyclone Formation

AbstractInfrared brightness temperature data are used to investigate convective evolution during tropical cyclone (TC) formation in a quasi-Lagrangian framework. More than 150 named Atlantic storms...
Antennas and Radar for Environmental Scientists and Engineers

This book gives a complete overview of the scientific and engineering aspects of radio and radar pertaining to studies of the Earth environment. The book opens with an analysis of wire antennas, antenna arrays, and aperture antennas suitable for radar applications. Following a treatment of sources of noise, the book moves on to give a detailed presentation of the most important scattering mechanisms exploited by radar. It then provides an overview of basic signal processing strategies, including coherent and incoherent strategies. Pulse compression, especially binary phase coding and frequency chirping, are then analyzed, and the radar range-Doppler ambiguity function is introduced. This is followed by a comprehensive treatment of radio wave propagation in the atmosphere and ionosphere. The remainder of the book deals with radar applications. The book will be valuable for graduate students and researchers interested in antenna and radar applications across the Earth and environmental sciences and engineering.
Risk factors and outcomes of tracheostomy after prolonged mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients with heart disease

Abstract The indications for tracheostomy after prolonged mechanical ventilation among pediatric patients with heart disease are multifactorial and difficult to determine; therefore, knowing the risk factors and outcomes of tracheostomy may be useful for selecting patients who require tracheostomy. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and outcomes of tracheostomy after prolonged mechanical ventilation in pediatric patients with heart disease. We performed a retrospective, single-center observational study in consecutive patients with heart disease aged ≤18 years admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit at a tertiary children's hospital between January 2010 and December 2016. Patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation (≥14 days) were included. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between the patients with and without tracheostomy and the risk factors for receiving tracheostomy were assessed. Of the 85 patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation, 20 (24%) underwent tracheostomy. The duration of mechanical ventilation before tracheostomy was 51 days, and pediatric intensive care unit lengths of stay in patients with and without tracheostomy were 83 and 34 days, respectively ( P 2 O after 14 days of mechanical ventilation. In patients with tracheostomy, six (30%) were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and two (10%) were de-cannulated. Tracheostomy complications included granulation tissue in three cases and airway obstruction in one. There was no difference in the survival rates of patients with and without tracheostomy (70% vs. 74%; P = 0.73). Although the mortality rate of patients with and those without tracheostomy were not significantly different, the baseline illness severity might be different. Further studies that adjust for patient factors, such as disease severity, are needed to determine the effect of tracheostomy on patient outcomes; however, this was beyond the scope of our study.
Bayesian Analysis of a Two-Group Randomized Encouragement Design

Randomized encouragement designs, terminology established in the seminal article by Holland (1988) although used earlier (e.g., Swinton, 1975), are the norm when dealing with human populations. At least in much of the world today, thankfully, we cannot force anyone to take a randomly assigned treatment; rather, we can only encourage them to do so, typically after describing some details of what to expect under each of the treatment conditions prior to participation, so-called informed consent. As a consequence, human experiments often face the complication of noncompliance with assigned treatment. For example, the treatment group may be randomly assigned to be encouraged to study more, whereas the control group receives no extra encouragement. In this example, hours of studying will be measured in both groups of the study – treatment and control – as will the primary outcome variable, final achievement on a test. Not only is it of interest to study the effects of the encouragement on the amount of studying and on achievement, but it is also of interest to investigate the relationship between the amount of studying, an intermediate outcome variable, on the primary outcome variable in the treatment and control groups.
Types of labor market policy and the electoral behavior of insecure workers

Abstract Recent research finds a significant difference in voting behavior of workers with secure employment and those without. What is less understood are the conditions in which the divergent political choices of these two groups overlap. Focusing on two types of labor market policies—unemployment insurance and active labor market programs, this paper examines how more generous government spending on different types of welfare programs shapes the electoral behavior of individuals with adverse labor market experience. By using multilevel analysis of individual surveys from 18 European countries (1999–2015), I find that unemployed and temporary workers are more likely to vote against traditional left-wing parties and to withdraw from voting at all. The greater spending on unemployment insurance, however, alters the outcome by realigning insecure workers with old left parties such as social democratic and center-left socialist parties. By contrast, expenditure on active labor market programs has a weak conditional impact in general. The important implication of this study is that while government policy does moderate the effect of adverse labor market experience, types of social policy matters in understanding policy feedback effects. I further discuss this point in relation to the different implications of income support and activation programs for risk mitigation.
Influence of Plate Wave Characteristics on the Angular Dependence of Ultrasonic Velocities

The angular dependence of the velocities of ultrasonic plane waves in a stressed, orthorhombic (orthotropic) continuum has recently been analyzed, and the results have been used to define scenarios for nondestructively measuring stress and preferred grain orientation [1,2]. These techniques make use of particular features which allow the two sources of anisotropy, stress and texture, to be separately determined. However, experimental realization of these ideas involves measurements at surfaces, and the influence of the surfaces on the plane wave solution must be considered. This paper treats the case of an orthorhombic plate, thin with respect to a wavelength. Discussions of the extensional and horizontal shear plate mode velocities appear in the mechanics literature, and their application to the characterization of the elastic constants of metal matrix composite plates has been investigated [3]. Here the theory is again briefly derived but in the previous notation [2] so as to allow the analytical expressions already obtained for the angular dependence of plane wave solutions to be directly compared to those for plate modes. Neglecting the effects of stress, the extent to which the So (extensional or fundamental symmetric) and SHo (fundamental horizontally polarized shear) plate solutions differ from their plane wave L (longitudinal) and SH (horizontally polarized shear) counterparts are discussed. Application of the results to weakly anisotropic metal polycrystals indicates a substantial difference in the anisotropics of the So and L solutions. Implication of the results to the ultrasonic measurement of preferred grain orientation (texture) in metal polycrystals is discussed.
Social Foraging by Honeybees: How a Colony Tracks Rich Sources of Nectar

This paper examines how the behavioral acts of the thousands of foragers in a honeybee colony are combined to produce the coordinated foraging behavior of a whole colony. We focus on a colony’s ability to quickly adjust the distribution of its foraging efforts following changes in the spatial distribution of rich nectar sources. The analysis begins by examining the factors that influence an individual nectar forager’s response to a patch of flowers (Fig. 1). These include variables, such as distance from the nest, nectar sweetness, and nectar abundance (Fig. 4), that are associated with the patch itself, as well as variables, such as weather conditions and the colony’s rate of nectar intake (Fig. 2), that are not associated with a particular patch of flowers. These non-patch variables affect a forager’s response to her patch of flowers by changing her thresholds in patch quality for abandoning or recruiting nestmates to a patch (Fig. 3). Foragers evidently assess their colony’s rate of nectar intake while unloading nectar to receiver bees. The ease of unloading varies inversely with the rate of nectar flow into the colony. The responsiveness of nectar foragers to this indicator of their colony’s foraging status enables a colony to swiftly redirect its nectar collection efforts following changes in the spatial distribution of rich nectar sources. Whenever the quality of a major nectar source declines, its foragers reduce their rate of visits to the patch, which depresses the colony’s total rate of nectar intake, which in turn stimulates recruitment to whichever patches remain high in quality (Figs. 6 and 7). The paper concludes by presenting some generalizations about colony integration in social insects that emerge from this research.
Stimuli-responsive polymeric micelles for extracellular and intracellular drug delivery

Abstract Intrinsic properties that result in therapeutic activity of molecules are also the cause of many limitations for their application. Low physicochemical stability, premature inactivation in vivo, poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), nonspecific toxicity, and poor water solubility are critical properties of such chemicals that significantly impact the potential for therapeutic efficacy. Improving these features has long been recognized as a way to develop more effective therapeutics or increase the potential of the existing ones. However, directly improving the ADME through chemical modifications of a molecule is limited since most of the small-molecule therapeutics have a very small number of groups that allow alterations without impeding the activity. Nano-sized polymeric micelles can solubilize the lipophilic drugs in their hydrophobic core, thus dramatically increase the drug concentration in aqueous environments. In addition to encapsulation and protection of the therapeutic molecules, specific delivery of a drug only where and when it is needed is one of the most significant promises for nanotechnology-based drug carriers, i.e., nanomedicines. Furthermore, these nanomedicines can be formulated to selectively respond to various specific internal or external triggers. The resulting stimuli-sensitive or ‘smart,’ drug delivery systems can undergo specific physicochemical changes that are abrupt and act as triggers to switch on particular functions of the system such as drug release. Hence, high therapeutic concentrations of the drugs can be achieved locally at their site of action. This chapter focuses on polymeric micelles as an important class of stimuli-sensitive nanomedicines.
Mitosis-related phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation suppressor 4E-BP1 and its interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)–binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) inhibits cap-dependent translation in eukaryotes by competing with eIF4G for an interaction with eIF4E. Phosphorylation at Ser-83 of 4E-BP1 occurs during mitosis through the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)/cyclin B rather than through canonical mTOR kinase activity. Here, we investigated the interaction of eIF4E with 4E-BP1 or eIF4G during interphase and mitosis. We observed that 4E-BP1 and eIF4G bind eIF4E at similar levels during interphase and mitosis. The most highly phosphorylated mitotic 4E-BP1 isoform (δ) did not interact with eIF4E, whereas a distinct 4E-BP1 phospho-isoform, EB-γ, phosphorylated at Thr-70, Ser-83, and Ser-101, bound to eIF4E during mitosis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis corroborated the identity of the phosphorylation marks on the eIF4E-bound 4E-BP1 isoforms and uncovered a population of phosphorylated 4E-BP1 molecules lacking Thr-37/Thr-46–priming phosphorylation. Moreover, proximity ligation assays for phospho-4E-BP1 and eIF4E revealed different in situ interactions during interphase and mitosis. The eIF4E:eIF4G interaction was not inhibited but rather increased in mitotic cells, consistent with active translation initiation during mitosis. Phosphodefective substitution of 4E-BP1 at Ser-83 did not change global translation or individual mRNA translation profiles as measured by single-cell nascent protein synthesis and eIF4G RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. Mitotic 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine RNA translation was active and, unlike interphase translation, resistant to mTOR inhibition. Our findings reveal the phosphorylation profiles of 4E-BP1 isoforms and their interactions with eIF4E throughout the cell cycle and indicate that 4E-BP1 does not specifically inhibit translation initiation during mitosis.
“Officers Are Doing the Best They Can”: Concerns Around Law Enforcement and Social Service Collaboration in Service Provision to Sex Workers:

Frontline service providers are often tasked with providing services to criminalized populations, including individuals involved in the sex trade. These providers have been working to transform ser...
P08 Treatment outcomes of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) after concurrent chemoradiation followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR): a sixteen year single institution experience

Introduction/Background A retrospective study of patients with LACC, Stage IB2-IVA,treated with concurrent chemoradiation followed by HDR brachytherapy at a single tertiary institution was conducted. This paper assessed the outcomes, prognostic factors, overall disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of cervical cancer after such treatment. Methodology Patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation followed by HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer from January 2001 to December 2016 were analysed. Treatment consisted of pelvic external beam radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy followed by HDR brachytherapy. DFS, OS and prognostic variables were assessed. Results A total of 313 cervical cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiation followed by HDR brachytherapy was included. Mean age was 50.4±9.7 years, mostly presenting with Stage III disease (67.73%) and squamous cell histology (77.64%). Recurrent disease was seen in 21.09% of patients at a median of 29.32 months during median follow-up of 34.09 months (range: 3–180 months). Most common sites of recurrence were pelvic (12.78%), osseous (2.24%) and nodal (2.24%). DFS at 5 and 10 years were 60% and 53.61%, respectively. OS at 5 and 10 years were at 91.68% and 74.78%, respectively. Tumor size 3 months post-brachytherapy (HR 1.646 (1.164–2.329), p-value: 0.005), and overall treatment time (HR 1.022 (1.007–1.038), p-value: 0.004) were significant prognostic factors for recurrence while age ≤ 40 years (HR 3.497 (1.189–10.282), p-value: 0.023), presence of recurrence (HR 39.906 (5.043–315.785), p-value: 0.000), and tumor size 3 months post-brachytherapy (HR 2.497 (1.271–4.906), p-value: 0.008) were important prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion This study showed that concurrent chemoradiation followed by HDR brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer has a 5-year DFS and OS of 60% and 91.68%, respectively. Tumor size 3 months post-brachytherapy and overall treatment time were significant prognostic factors for recurrence, while age ≤ 40 years, presence of recurrence and tumor size 3 months post-brachytherapy were important prognostic factors for survival. Disclosure Nothing to disclose.
Some bianchi type cosmological models in f(R, ϕ) gravity

Abstract In this paper, we study three different Bianchi type line elements, like Bianchi type-I (BT-I), Bianchi type-III (BT-III) and Kantowski Sachs space-time in the framework of f(R, ϕ) theory of gravity, where R and ϕ represent the Ricci scalar and the scalar potential function respectively. We find the exact solution of vacuum field equations of f(R, ϕ) theory by taking valuable assumption that the expansion scalar θ is proportional to the shear scalar σ that is P = Q n . We also see some physical parameters like Hubble parameter H, volume scale factor V, average scale factor a, the expansion scalar θ and shear scalar σ for each metric. Finally, we analyze that the exact solution satisfied the present cosmic condition of universe and singularity (Big-Bang) is also justified through our evaluated solutions.
A Possible Path towards Rapid Development of Live-Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Plunging into the Natural Pool

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spreading around the world, causing massive distress to the world’s economy and affecting healthcare systems worldwide. Although some exposed individuals have no symptoms and most symptomatic infections are not severe, COVID-19 cases span a wide spectrum, ranging from mild to critical and sometimes resulting in life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia, severe respiratory distress and cardiac problems. Currently, there is no curative drug for COVID-19 and vaccines are still under development. We are presenting here a strategy for the fast development of natural live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Our proposed approach is based on screening for, identifying, analyzing and selecting naturally attenuated yet highly immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 strains, which may lead to a shorter cycle of vaccine development, as well as higher vaccine effectiveness.
MRI following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: assessment of imaging features found with post-operative pain, arthritis, and graft failure.

To assess MR features following MPFL reconstruction and determine their influence on post-operative pain, progressive arthritis, or graft failure. Retrospective study on 38 patients with MPFL reconstruction and a post-operative MRI between January 2010 and June 2019. Two radiologists assessed MPFL graft signal, graft thickness, femoral screw, femoral tunnel widening, and patellofemoral cartilage damage. The third performed patellofemoral instability measurements. All three assessed femoral tunnel position with final result determined by majority consensus. Imaging findings were evaluated in the setting of post-operative pain, patellofemoral arthritis, and MPFL graft failure including need for MPFL revision. Statistics included chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t test, and kappa. Mean graft thickness was 6.0 ± 1.8 mm; 24% of the grafts were diffusely hypointense. Mean femoral tunnel widening was 2.5 ± 1.8 mm; 34% of the femoral screws were broken or extruded. Fifty-two percent of the patients had no interval cartilage change. Non-anatomic femoral tunnels were found in 66% of patients, including in all 9 patients requiring revision MPFL reconstruction (p = 0.013). Revised MPFL grafts had more abnormal femoral screws compared to those that did not (67% vs. 24%) (p = 0.019). Other MR features did not significantly influence the evaluated outcomes. The need for revision MPFL reconstruction occurs more frequently when there is a non-anatomic femoral tunnel and broken or extruded femoral screws. The appearance of the MPFL graft itself is not an influencing factor for post-operative pain, progression of patellofemoral arthritis, or graft failure.
Make Me a Match: Prevalence and Outcomes Associated with Matching Programs in Dog Adoptions.

Animal shelters and rescues are typically judged on their live release rates. The number of companion animals adopted and then returned to the shelter is not as frequently considered. Matching prog...
Why waste food

In Why Waste Food?, writer and lecturer on food and culinary history at the New School University in Manhattan, Andrew F. Smith, offers readers a global and historical overview of the issue of food...
Rapid development of seizures and PRES in a Covid-19 patient.

Neurological dysfunction has been noted in up to 36% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and a variety of mechanisms of neurological injury are possible. Here we report the rapid development of PRES and acute seizures in a patient with COVID-19 infection and sickle cell disease. The combination of COVID and sickle cell disease may raise the risk of PRES and could contribute to the higher mortality rate of COVID in patients with sickle cell disease.
Association between prepartum dry matter intake, net energy balance, and postpartum diseases in dairy cows

The transition period in dairy cows is characterized by a drop in dry matter intake, leading to lipid mobilization in the form of nonesterified fatty acids [NEFA) and an increase in ketone bodies such as beta-hydroxybutyrate. Concentrations of NEFA > 0.3 mEq/L during 14 to 2 days prepartum can predict diseases like displaced abomasum, clinical ketosis, metritis, and retained placenta (RP). These diseases reduce milk yield, impair reproductive performance, and increase culling, hence incurring economic losses. The association between DMI prepartum and disease incidence postpartum has not been extensively studied. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the association between prepartum dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as percentage of body weight (DMI%BW), and net energy balance (NEB) (-21 days) and postpartum diseases or disorders; calving problems (dystocia, twins, stillbirth), RP, metritis, mastitis, metabolic problems (hypocalcemia, ketosis), digestive problems (indigestion, displaced abomasum), lameness, and disease (Dz) (no disease, 1 disease, >2 diseases). A secondary objective was to use DMI, DMI%BW and NEB prepartum to predict Dz postpartum.
An ex vivo model to evaluate the effect of cyclical adductory forces on maintenance of arytenoid abduction after prosthetic laryngoplasty performed with and without mechanical arytenoid abduction.

Objectives To (1) develop a model of cyclical adduction force on an abducted left arytenoid cartilage that mimics swallowing or coughing; (2) determine if arytenoid abduction by a clamp before knot tying will improve the maintenance of abduction under cyclical adduction testing. Study Design Experimental. Sample Population Cadaveric equine larynges (n = 14). Methods Left laryngoplasty performed using a single suture of #5 Ethibond with (n = 7) and without (n = 7) abducting the arytenoid with a clamp before knot tying. Each laryngoplasty was loaded cyclically from 2 to 26 N at 0.5 Hz for 5000 cycles in a servohydraulic test frame. Arytenoid displacement data were collected at 1 Hz intervals and median percent loss of abduction compared between groups. Significance was set at P < .05. Results Median left arytenoid abduction distance was 16.9 mm (range, 9.8–19.8 mm). One larynx in each group failed at <1000 cycles. Loss of abduction was determined by progressive displacement of the testing actuator and confirmed by measurement. There was no difference in loss of abduction between clamped and non-clamped larynges after 5000 cycles. This model of cyclical adduction resulted in arytenoid displacements similar to those seen in the 1st week postoperatively. Conclusions Ex vivo cyclical adductory forces produced a significant loss of laryngoplasty abduction. The use of a clamp to abduct the arytenoid cartilage before knot tying did not reduce the loss of abduction.
A Future History of Implicit Social Cognition and the Law

The science of “implicit social cognition” (ISC) has demonstrated that we have implicit biases, in the form of stereotypes and attitudes that we are unaware of. Nevertheless, these implicit biases can alter our behavior, including how we might give an interview, hire a candidate, or even shoot a gun. As evidence mounts on this front, the law will have no choice but to respond to this revised understanding of human behavior and decisionmaking. To accelerate on-the-merits analysis, we offer a “future history” of how a new scientific consensus might be reached and how it might be incorporated into the law. First, this Article provides a current, concise, and accurate primer on the science. Second, it elucidates a call for “behavioral realism,” which asks that the law account for the most accurate model of human thought, decisionmaking, and action provided by the mind sciences. Third, it predicts critical markers in our future, which we label denial, minimization, politicization, resignation, and justification. This stylized future history provides us an analytic vocabulary for intellectual engagements incipient and soon-to-come; avoids unhelpful confusions, misreadings, or strawmen; answers reasonable objections to the extent that current scientific and legal understandings permit; and points us toward a broader research agenda for the next decade.