cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Miseducating Latina researchers: Challenges and consequences in the field

This article examines how racism in the academy, by virtue of omission of discussions of race and its intercentricity with other forms of subordination, has the potential to endanger Latina researchers conducting fieldwork in familiar and unfamiliar settings. Failure to consider the intersections of race, gender, immigration and other axes of subordination resulted in three incidents of near-violence and intimidation for one Chicana researcher that, while frightening, are instructive for future and current researchers. Arguing that traditional qualitative methods classrooms and texts overlook the particular challenges and risks that Latina and other female researchers of color may face in the field, this article encourages the inclusion of teaching of critical race theory and critical race methodologies when training novice and senior researchers.
C-H and C-N Activation at Redox-Active Pyridine Complexes of Iron.

Pyridine activation by inexpensive iron catalysts has great utility, but the steps through which iron species can break the strong (105–111 kcal mol−1) C−H bonds of pyridine substrates are unknown. In this work, we report the rapid room-temperature cleavage of C−H bonds in pyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, and 2-phenylpyridine by an iron(I) species, to give well-characterized iron(II) products. In addition, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) undergoes room-temperature C−N bond cleavage, which forms a dimethylamidoiron(II) complex and a pyridyl-bridged tetrairon(II) square. These facile bond-cleaving reactions are proposed to occur through intermediates having a two-electron reduced pyridine that bridges two iron centers. Thus, the redox non-innocence of the pyridine can play a key role in enabling high regioselectivity for difficult reactions.
Marriage Delay, Time to Play? Marital Horizons and Hooking Up in College

Previous research suggests that an increasing age at first marriage has contributed to the prevalence of sexual hookups on U.S. college campuses. In this article, we use life course and marital horizons theories to analyze the influence of ideal age at first marriage on hooking up among unmarried heterosexual college students. Analyses of the Online College Social Life Survey (N = 17,981) show a positive association between ideal age at first marriage and hookups for most students, but not for students whose mothers have no post-secondary education, Asian men, Asian women, and Latina women. Variation in ideal marriage timing does not account for gender, racial/ethnic, and class gaps in hookup participation. Results are discussed with reference to the role of sexuality in processes of stratification throughout young adulthood.
Late Quaternary TEX86 paleotemperatures from the world’s largest desert lake, Lake Turkana, Kenya

Wetter climatic conditions prevailed across northern and Equatorial Africa during the terminal Pleistocene until the middle Holocene, a climate event known as the “African Humid Period” (AHP). Although hydrologic changes during this period are well-known, very few records of temperature are available for evaluating the mechanisms and dynamics of climate change during the AHP across tropical Africa. To quantify changes in temperature during the onset and termination of the AHP, the TEX86 temperature proxy was used to generate a 14,000 year record of the surface temperature of Lake Turkana. This biomarker and related measures have been used to reconstruct regional and high-latitude paleotemperatures from the oceans and other continental systems, including other large African lakes. Although Lake Turkana’s climate and hydrology are very different from other large African lakes, our reconstruction exhibits a temperature history that shares a number of climatic trends with previous reconstructions. The TEX86 temperatures from Lake Turkana from 14 to 0.4 ka range from 24.3 to 28.6 °C, with a gradual decrease in temperature from early to late Holocene. This cooling roughly follows northern hemisphere summer insolation, similar to the trend observed in Lake Victoria and other regional records. However, the record from Turkana contains many abrupt temperature shifts not seen in other large lakes in the region. Multi-century-scale fluctuations persist through most of the record, and can be attributed to periods of lake mixing. Larger temperature perturbations are likely associated with changes in evaporation and cloud cover.
Developmental Considerations in the Origins of Object Relations: Implications for Normative Development and Clinical Practice

While previous writers have considered the possibility of pre-object phases of psychic development, their offerings have tended to focus on its conceptualization and implications for psychopathology and psychoanalytic care. The purpose of this paper is to extend some of these ideas by proposing a developmental model that includes a pre-object phase of normal psychic development within an object relations framework and by discussing how this model might further inform our understanding of psychopathology associated with early development and its analytic treatment.
Advanced parallelization strategies using hybrid MPI-CUDA octree DSMC method for modeling flow through porous media

Abstract The advantages of a linear space filling Morton Z-curve to represent an unbalanced three-dimensional octree structure for the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method are assessed. The strategies to optimize and exploit the properties of the linearized tree using simple, binary computations are presented. Hybrid MPI-CUDA communications are invoked to facilitate the use of heterogeneous architectures for large-scale computations. Strong scaling studies have shown that the parallelization strategies implemented in this work results in 85% efficiency, and weak scaling studies show nearly 100% efficiency for a problem size with 0.34 billion particles and 1.5 million immersed body surface elements. Two types of problems, supersonic external flow over fractal-like immersed body and subsonic internal flow through a porous material are solved using the multi-GPU DSMC solver. The permeability of Morgan carbon felt material is calculated by modeling the diffusion of argon gas through the material and the calculated continuum permeability values match well with published data.
Bacterial Rhizoplane Colonization Patterns of Buchloe dactyloides Growing in Metalliferous Mine Tailings Reflect Plant Status and Biogeochemical Conditions

Plant establishment during phytostabilization of legacy mine tailings in semiarid regions is challenging due to low pH, low organic carbon, low nutrients, and high toxic metal(loid) concentrations. Plant-associated bacterial communities are particularly important under these harsh conditions because of their beneficial services to plants. We hypothesize that bacterial colonization profiles on rhizoplane surfaces reflect deterministic processes that are governed by plant health and the root environment. The aim of this study was to identify associations between bacterial colonization patterns on buffalo grass (Buchloe dactyloides) rhizoplanes and both plant status (leaf chlorophyll and plant cover) and substrate biogeochemistry (pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and rhizosphere microbial community). Buffalo grass plants from mesocosm- and field-scale phytostabilization trials conducted with tailings from the Iron King Mine and Humboldt Smelter Superfund Site in Dewey-Humboldt, Arizona, were analyzed. These tailings are extremely acidic and have arsenic and lead concentrations of 2–4 g kg−1 substrate. Bacterial communities on rhizoplanes and in rhizosphere-associated substrate were characterized using fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, respectively. The results indicated that the metabolic status of rhizoplane bacterial colonizers is significantly related to plant health. Principal component analysis revealed that root-surface Alphaproteobacteria relative abundance was associated most strongly with substrate pH and Gammaproteobacteria relative abundance associated strongly with substrate pH and plant cover. These factors also affected the phylogenetic profiles of the associated rhizosphere communities. In summary, rhizoplane bacterial colonization patterns are plant specific and influenced by plant status and rhizosphere biogeochemical conditions.
The Hearing Screening Programme for Infants in KK Women's and Children's Hospital — Its Development and Role in Reducing the Burden of Hearing Impairment in Singapore:

This paper describes a successful hearing screening programme for infants in KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH). Between April 2002 and January 2010, 100,237 (99.8% of all eligible babies) we...
Adaptive Uncertainty Propagation for Coupled Multidisciplinary Systems

This paper presents a novel uncertainty propagation approach for multidisciplinary systems with feedback couplings, model discrepancy, and parametric uncertainty. The proposed method incorporates a...
Ocular manifestations of TASER-induced trauma.

Abstract A young adult male experienced penetrating globe injury due to a Thomas A. Swift Electric Rifle (TASER). Despite successful repair of the globe, the damage was profound. This case report explores the complex ways in which mechanical and electrical forces from a TASER may impact the structural integrity and the neurosensory structures of the eye.
Suppression of shear banding in high-strength Cu/Mo nanocomposites with hierarchical bicontinuous intertwined structures

The microstructures and mechanical behavior of high-temperature co-sputtered Cu/Mo nanocomposites were investigated and compared with Cu/Mo multilayers. The co-sputtered nanocomposites present hier...
Kinetic Analysis of the Exonuclease Activity of the Bacteriophage T4 Mre11-Rad50 Complex.

Abstract Bacteriophage T4 encodes orthologs of the proteins Rad50 (gp46) and Mre11 (gp47), which form a heterotetrameric complex (MR) that is responsible for host genome degradation and the processing of DNA ends for recombination-dependent DNA repair. In this chapter, we describe the ensemble methods currently employed by our laboratory to characterize the exonuclease activity of the T4 MR complex. DNA exonucleases play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of DNA through their participation in DNA repair pathways and as proofreaders for DNA polymerases. Methods for quantifying the general features of the exonuclease, and for determining steady-state kinetic parameters (Km, kcat), the polarity of exonuclease activity, and processivity are presented. These methods should be applicable to all DNA exonucleases, and to some extent endonucleases.
Regulation of Gene Expression During Seed Germination and Postgerminative Development

Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the sporophytic life cycle of higher plants during which growth and differentiation of the primary plant body resumes following a period of quiescence imposed late in embryogeny. Many of the specific biochemical and physiological processes which characterize germinating seeds, particularly those occurring in storage organs, are unique to this stage (reviewed by Bewley and Black, 1983, and summarized below). From the viewpoint that differential gene expression underlies plant development, the relative specificity of these processes suggests that distinct gene sets are activated and repressed during this stage. Identifying these genes and defining mechanisms involved in regulating their expression will aid in understanding the control of germination-specific processes.
Genetic variation in the PRRS virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is characterized by late-term abortions and stillbirths in sows and respiratory difficulties in nursery pigs. The disease appeared in Europe and North America at approximately the same time between 1985 and 1990. The PRRS virus was isolated shortly thereafter and demonstrated unexpectedly profound differences between European (Lelystad) and North American (VR2332) isolates as measured by serological crossreactivity and nucleotide sequence similarity. In order to determine the amount of genetic variation in the PRRS virus and to understand the molecular mechanisms of viral evolution, nucleotide sequences of PRRS virus strains were determined. Comparisons among ten U.S. strains showed that variation in primary nucleotide sequence between isolates ranged from 2.5% to 7.9% for ORFs 2–7. In contrast, Lelystad virus was, on average, 35% different from US clones. These results provided direct molecular evidence that US and European PRRSV isolates represented genetically distinct groups of the same viral family. A further analysis of more than 150 isolates in the United States and Canada demonstrated that the PRRS virus in North America represents a single large and diverse genetic group that is distinct from European forms of the virus.
Quantification of Regional Interstitial Lung Disease from CT-derived Fractional Tissue Volume: A Lung Tissue Research Consortium Study

Rationale and Objectives Evaluation of chest computed tomography (CT) is usually qualitative or semiquantitative, resulting in subjective descriptions often by different observers over time and imprecise determinations of disease severity within distorted lobes. There is a need for standardized imaging biomarkers to quantify regional disease, maximize diagnostic yield, and facilitate multicenter comparisons. We applied lobe-based voxelwise image analysis to derive regional air (Vair) and tissue (Vtissue) volumes and fractional tissue volume (FTV = tissue/[tissue+air] volume) as internally standardized parameter for assessing interstitial lung disease (ILD). Materials and Methods High-resolution CT was obtained at supine and prone end-inspiration and supine end-expiration in 29 patients with ILD and 20 normal subjects. Lobar Vair, Vtissue, and FTV were expressed along standard coordinate axes. Results In normal subjects from end-inspiration to end-expiration, total Vair declined ∼43%, FTV increased ∼80%, but Vtissue remained unchanged. With increasing ILD, Vair declined and Vtissue rose in all lobes; FTV increased with a peripheral-to-central progression inversely correlated to spirometry and lung diffusing capacity (r2 = 0.57–0.75, prone end-inspiration). Inter- and intralobar coefficients of variation of FTV increased 84–148% in mild-to-moderate ILD, indicating greater spatial heterogeneity, then normalized in severe ILD. Analysis of discontinuous images incurs Conclusions These regional attenuation-based biomarkers could quantify heterogeneous parenchymal disease in distorted lobes, detect mild ILD involvement in all lobes and describe the pattern of disease progression. The next step would be to study a larger series, examine reproducibility and follow longitudinal changes in correlation with clinical and functional indices.
Strain Dependence of Strain-rate Sensitivity

ABSTRACT The true stress-true strain behavior of annealed 304 stainless steel and normalized 1008 steel was tested at constant true strain-rates in the range 10-3 - 10-1 s-l at 300°K. Strain-rate sensitivity determinations were made on the 1008 steel as a function of strain and mean strain-rate. The Bridgman correction for necking was applied to the stress-strain data. Results indicate that significant adiabatic heating may occur at strain-rates greater than 10-1 s-l and that significant dynamic recovery may occur at large strains even in the absence of adiabatic heating. The strain-rate sensitivity of 1008 steel appears to be a function of both mean strain-rate and strain.
Potential for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Using Ionic Liquid Solvents

The removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) via absorptive processes is an important consideration in the oil and gas and electric power industries. The use of ionic liquid (IL)-based solvents in this application is emerging as a new research area. Published data indicate that ILs are capable of absorbing H2S from gas streams, as well as selectively separating H2S from carbon dioxide (CO2). As the solubility of H2S in ILs is highly dependent on the partial pressure of H2S, most ILs should be classified as “physical” solvents and would be best used under conditions where H2S is present at high concentrations and/or high partial pressures. Preliminary results also show that the solubility differences between H2S and other gases can be advantageously employed in membranes, as an alternative to using absorptive processes. Furthermore, ILs can be combined with amines to create “hybrid” solvents that utilize chemical reactions as well as physical solubility to increase the capacity of the solvent for H2S, especially at low concentrations and/or low partial pressures. Hybrid IL-amine solvents can be attained either through formation of “task-specific” ILs with covalently attached amines or through directly mixing ILs with common (e.g., monoethanolamine) and/or specialty amines. This chapter discusses the progress in this field to date as well as the advantages, challenges, and opportunities associated with each approach.
Using logical views and dialogue to answer locally-expressed distributed queries

It is often desirable to consolidate related information stored across multiple databases by querying all of them at once. However, these databases are often designed by different people, who have different conceptualizations of the domain in question, and may use different terminology. These disparities cause semantic heterogeneity, which occurs as the use of incongruent usage of syntax to denote meaning (semantics) across databases.
BETTER BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL AMONG WHITE THAN BLACK VETERAN PATIENTS FROM 2000 TO 2014

From the Veterans Affairs (VA) Electronic Health Record data we assessed blood pressure (BP) changes among white and black patients over a 15-year period. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP >140 or diastolic BP >90 mmHg on 3 separate occasions. Systolic and diastolic BPs were analyzed by age
Simple spontaneously active Hebbian learning model: Homeostasis of activity and connectivity, and consequences for learning and epileptogenesis

A spontaneously active neural system that is capable of continual learning should also be capable of homeostasis of both firing rate and connectivity. Experimental evidence suggests that both types of homeostasis exist, and that connectivity is maintained at a state that is optimal for information transmission and storage. This state is referred to as the critical state. We present a simple stochastic computational Hebbian learning model that incorporates both firing rate and critical homeostasis, and we explore its stability and connectivity properties. We also examine the behavior of our model with a simulated seizure and with simulated acute deafferentation. We argue that a neural system that is more highly connected than the critical state (i.e., one that is "supercritical") is epileptogenic. Based on our simulations, we predict that the postseizural and postdeafferentation states should be supercritical and epileptogenic. Furthermore, interventions that boost spontaneous activity should be protective against epileptogenesis.
Targeting the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier for Neuroprotection

The mitochondrial pyruvate carriers mediate pyruvate import into the mitochondria, which is key to the sustenance of the tricarboxylic cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. However, inhibition of mitochondria pyruvate carrier-mediated pyruvate transport was recently shown to be beneficial in experimental models of neurotoxicity pertaining to the context of Parkinson’s disease, and is also protective against excitotoxic neuronal death. These findings attested to the metabolic adaptability of neurons resulting from MPC inhibition, a phenomenon that has also been shown in other tissue types. In this short review, I discuss the mechanism and potential feasibility of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition as a neuroprotective strategy in neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases.
Insomnia and obsessive-compulsive symptom dimensions: The mediating role of anxiety and depression

Abstract Background Research supports a relationship between insomnia and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS). However, given gaps in the literature, there is a need to further examine this relationship. Specifically, the present study investigated whether there are unique associations between insomnia and specific OCS dimensions (e.g., contamination, symmetry) above and beyond any relationships with anxiety or depression. We also examined potential mediation pathways for understanding the links between insomnia, anxiety, depression, and OCS dimensions. Methods A large sample of university students (N = 253) completed measures of insomnia, OCS, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Results The main findings indicated that insomnia severity was associated with all OCS dimensions, and most strongly with unacceptable obsessive thoughts. Regression analyses revealed that anxiety, depression, and stress fully accounted for the relationship between insomnia and OCS. Mediational analyses, however, indicated that anxiety, depression, and stress differentially explained the relationship between insomnia and specific OCS dimensions. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that co-occurring symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) may be worthwhile to examine in future research to extend our understanding of the mechanisms through which chronic sleep deprivation exerts deleterious effects on OCS. Extending findings to clinical populations and treatment contexts may have important implications for our understanding of the links between insomnia and OCS.
Pierre Lévy and the Future of Internet

Semantic Metadata, Humanist Computing and Digital Humanities, opens with an important interview with Pierre Levy that reconstructs the key moments of his philosophical vision of the internet, and the World Wide Web, up to his most recent and highly innovative proposal of the Information Economy MetaLanguage (IEML). In the “Interventions” section our journal features an important reflection by Dino Buzzetti on the distinction between Humanities Computing and Digital Humanities. The essay, originally published in Italian, critically supports the rationales behind Humanities Computing, characterized by a primary interest in methodological issues and their epistemological background. Buzzetti reconstructs accurately the history of this idea starting from the seminal works of scholars like Jean- Claude Gardin, who underlined the need for an awareness that computation applied to the humanities requires both representation (data structures), and information processing (algorithms). The three projects that are introduced in the third part of the journal respond differently to the theoretical solicitations presented in the first two sections. Following the categories of Pierre Levy, we should say that, even if in a different way, all three projects are the product of a collective intelligence and at the same time contribute to expand the knowledge of a physical territory (in the case of Noisemakers! and of The Dialogues Bioregional Project) or of a literary tradition (in the case of #LauraSpeaks), making the process of their digital processing transparent.
Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates hnRNPA2 granule protein partitioning & reduces neurodegeneration

mRNA transport in neurons is a ubiquitous process but has been often overlooked as a contributor to disease. Mutations of transport granule protein hnRNPA2 cause hereditary proteinopathy of neurons, myocytes, and bone. Here, we examine transport granule component specificity, assembly/disassembly, and the link to neurodegeneration. hnRNPA2 transport granule components hnRNPF and ch-TOG interact weakly with hnRNPA2 yet they each partition specifically into hnRNPA2 liquid phases. hnRNPA2 tyrosine phosphorylation dissociates granule interactions by reducing hnRNPA2 phase separation and preventing partitioning of hnRNPF and ch-TOG; tyrosine phosphorylation also decreases aggregation of hnRNPA2 disease mutants. A C. elegans model of hnRNPA2 D290V-associated neurodegeneration exhibits TDP-43 ortholog-dependent glutamatergic neurodegeneration. Expression of the tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates hnRNPA2 reduces glutamatergic neurodegeneration. The evidence for specific partitioning of granule components as well as disruption of these interactions and reduction of neurodegeneration by tyrosine phosphorylation suggest transport granule biology has a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
The Effect of Wheel Exercise on Functional Indices of Cachexia in Tumor-bearing Mice.

Introduction Cancer-related fatigue and muscle wasting have received significant attention over the last few decades with the goal of establishing interventions that can improve cancer patient life quality and survival. Increased physical activity has shown to reduce cancer-associated fatigue and has been proposed as a promising therapeutic to attenuate cancer-induced wasting. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how physical activity affects the compositional and functional changes that initiate muscle wasting. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of wheel exercise on body composition and functional indices of cancer cachexia before the development of significant wasting. Methods Thirteen-week-old male Apc (MIN) and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were given free wheel access (W) or a locked wheel (Sed) for 5 wk. Results Wheel activity was reduced in the MIN compared with B6; however, wheel access increased complex II expression in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria regardless of genotype. Wheel access had no effect on tumor burden or plasma interleukin-6 in the MIN. MIN-W increased body weight and lean mass compared with MIN-Sed, and there was a direct correlation between wheel distance and lean mass change. MIN-W increased grip strength and treadmill time to fatigue compared with MIN-Sed. Within MIN-W mice, skeletal muscle fatigability was only improved in high runners (>60 min·d). Conclusions Our results suggest that there were therapeutic benefits of increased activity related to body composition, behavior, and whole-body function that were not dependent on exercise duration; however, there was an exercise threshold needed to improve skeletal muscle fatigability in tumor-bearing mice. Interestingly, wheel access was able to improve compositional and functional outcomes without mitigating tumor number or size.
The rotation of rigid spheroids in a viscous fluid under mean-field effects

Abstract An analytical model capturing the effects of mean-field considerations on the orientation evolution of a plurality of rigid spheroids suspended in a Newtonian matrix is developed. Three approaches are taken with increasing sophistication: a mesoscale view involving the analysis of several distinct layers of material subjected to simple shear flow, a traditional micromechanics inspired approach involving the Reuss assumption that each heterogeneity sees an equivalent stress, and the application of the Mori-Tanaka assumption in the viscous inclusion framework of Wetzel and Tucker (JFM 426, 2001). The resulting model behaviors are explored in simple shear flow and extensional flow. The behavior of the Mori-Tanaka model is qualitatively equivalent to that seen in a recent investigation by Gilormini and Chinesta (JNNFM 270, 2019) which considered the effects of the suspending medium being anisotropic in nature. With increase in concentration, the rate of orientation evolution towards collimation is increased as compared to the dilute case, but the relevant fourth-order orientation tensor component in simple shearing flow is shown to see an increased peak value.
Polysomnography in children with obstructive sleep apnoea and neurocognitive disorders.

Objective The neurocognitive associations in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are well known; however, whether polysomnographic features can predict these associations is unknown. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to compare common polysomnographic parameters in children with OSA in the presence and absence of neurocognitive dysfunction. Methods Polysomnography data for children ages 3-6 years with mild-moderate OSA who as defined by AHI between 5 and 10 were analysed from a single sleep centre at a tertiary paediatric hospital from January 2016 to December 2018. The following parameters were identified: arousals per hour, percentage of time asleep, apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation nadir during sleeps, baseline oxygen saturation during sleep, time spent with SpO2 less than 90%, maximum transcutaneous CO2, per cent of the total sleep time spent with TcCO2 greater than 50 mmHg, age, body mass index (BMI), gender and type of disability in the neurocognitive dysfunction group. Neurocognitive diagnoses were recorded. Those with syndromic comorbidities were excluded. The study cohort was then compared to a cohort of 200 subjects with OSA and no neurocognitive disorders matched for age, gender and BMI. A paired column analysis by chi-squared analysis was then undertaken between the two groups. Results A total of 200 children were identified (126 males and 74 females) in the neurocognitive dysfunction group (OSA with neurocognitive dysfunction) and compared with 200 children in the control group (OSA without neurocognitive dysfunction) (113 males and 87 females). There were no statistical differences between groups. Conclusion Commonly used polysomnographic indices are not predictive of neurocognitive dysfunction in paediatric OSA.
Grand Tourists, Missionary Travelers, and Frances Stenhouse

Considering “neutral” Switzerland as a fulcrum in the Protestant–Catholic divisions of the Continent, this essay addresses the life and career of Frances Warn Stenhouse, a British-born Mormon missionary, through a consideration of her autobiography, “Tell It All”. The analysis of Stenhouse’s expose of her 1850s missions in Switzerland and the Piedmont offers a more nuanced understanding of the role of religious conversion in the discourses of continental travel, even as Stenhouse herself struggles with Mormonism’s tenets and messages to converts when she is compelled to tolerate polygamy. Traveling to Utah and then California, Stenhouse’s life journey reveals connections between religion and travel that complicate secularist interpretations of continental travel writing, as well as furthering our understanding of Stenhouse’s own emergence as a travel writer.
Diabetes prevention in adolescents: Co-design study using human-centered design methodologies

Background: The rise in pediatric obesity and its accompanying condition, type 2 diabetes (T2D), is a serious public health concern. T2D in adolescents is associated with poor health outcomes and decreased life expectancy. Effective diabetes prevention strategies for high-risk adolescents and their families are urgently needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to co-design a diabetes prevention program for adolescents by using human-centered design methodologies. Methods: We partnered with at-risk adolescents, parents, and professionals with expertise in diabetes prevention or those working with adolescents to conduct a series of human-centered design research sessions to co-design a diabetes prevention intervention for youth and their families. In order to do so, we needed to (1) better understand environmental factors that inhibit/promote recommended lifestyle changes to decrease T2D risk, (2) elucidate desired program characteristics, and (3) explore improved activation in diabetes prevention programs. Results: Financial resources, limited access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, and competing priorities pose barriers to adopting lifestyle changes. Adolescents and their parents desire interactive, hands-on learning experiences that incorporate a sense of fun, play, and community in diabetes prevention programs. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight important insights of 3 specific stakeholder groups regarding diabetes prevention and lifestyle changes. The findings of this study demonstrate that, with appropriate methods and facilitation, adolescents, parents, and professionals can be empowered to co-design diabetes prevention programs.
Tangles and Glimmers: How African Immigrant Students in an Urban Charter School Describe Congruencies and Disconnections in Caring Between Home and School

Misalignments in caring between home and school can often be a source of alienation for minoritized students. This study explores how African immigrant middle school students at an urban K-8 charter school experience congruencies and disconnections in caring practice between home and school. The school is academically successful and shares some characteristics with “no excuses” charter schools, but also emphasizes identity exploration and anti-discrimination in their curriculum. Student photographs of school spaces form an important part of the data for this study, so that students could speak about caring in their own grounded and everyday terms. The study highlights that many interpersonal and intrapersonal aspects of caring are similar between home and school, but that gaps in care were often linked to organizational expectations and practices. Scholars and practitioners interested in stronger connections between home and school in caring practice must focus not only on relationships, but also on whether schools are organized in ways that feel familiar and supportive to students.
The Effects of Whole Body Vibration on the Limits of Stability in Adults With Subacute Ankle Injury.

# Background Limited research exists on the effects of both high and low frequency whole body vibration (WBV) on individuals with subacute lateral ankle sprains. # Hypothesis/Purpose To examine the difference in the effects of high and low frequency WBV on limits of stability (LOS) in adults with a subacute ankle sprain. It was hypothesized that WBV would improve effects on outcome variables for LOS as a component of dynamic balance. # Study Design Quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design. # Methods Fifteen participants ages 19-27 years (Mean age 22±2.36) with either a Grade I or Grade II lateral ankle sprain received WBV in bilateral stance under three randomized conditions (high frequency-25 Hz, low frequency-6 Hz, and control, which consisted of bilateral stance with machine off) for six minutes over three sessions (one time per week). The LOS test, consisting of 5 variables, were assessed using the NeuroCom® Balance Manager-SMART EquiTest® (Natus Medical Incorporated, Pleasanton, CA) at baseline and after the intervention period. The participants completed a practice LOS test and then had a six-minute standing rest break. After the rest break, they completed the pre-LOS (baseline) test. Intervention was administered using the Galileo® Med L Chip Research (Novotec Medical GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany) for six minutes for the appropriate condition of either high or low frequency WBV or control. Data analysis was performed using 2-Way (2x3) Repeated Measures ANOVAs with additional post hoc testing as needed. # Results Significant interactions were found for reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), and maximal excursion (MXE) composite scores with a decrease in RT of 0.117 seconds (p=0.022) between control and high frequency conditions during the post LOS. For composite MVL, an increase of 0.547 degrees/second (p=0.002) between pre- and post-high frequency WBV occurred. For composite MXE, an increase of 2.13% p=0.031 (when comparing pre- and post-high frequency WBV. # Conclusion Findings suggest that a single session of high frequency WBV in individuals with a subacute lateral ankle sprain may result in improvement in several components of postural stability. WBV is a quick intervention that could be implemented in physical therapy clinics, athletic training rooms, and workout facilities to improve an individual's LOS as a component of dynamic balance one to eight weeks post lateral ankle sprain. # Level of Evidence 2b
DC-DC Converter Implementations Based on Piezoelectric Transformers

The drive to miniaturize power electronics motivates investigation into alternative passive component technologies such as piezoelectrics, which offer fundamentally higher power density and efficiency capabilities at small scales compared to magnetics. Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) have seen application in dc-dc converters, but these designs typically require additional magnetics for competitive efficiency. In this work, we systematically enumerate isolated and non-isolated dc-dc converter topologies and switching sequences capable of efficiently utilizing PTs as their only energy storage components. The proposed switching sequences maintain high-efficiency behaviors (e.g., zero voltage switching (ZVS), all-positive instantaneous power transfer, and minimal charge circulation) across wide voltage gain and load ranges. We present techniques for deriving these switching sequences’ ZVS regions, estimating PT efficiency, and solving for periodic steady state switching times; these offer insights for comparing and implementing design options. We then verify our analyses in a 180-500 V experimental prototype based on a commercially-available PT, which demonstrates significant efficiency gain through a proposed implementation.
Affective agnosia: Expansion of the alexithymia construct and a new opportunity to integrate and extend Freud's legacy

We describe a new type of agnosia consisting of an impairment in the ability to mentally represent or know what one is feeling. Freud the neurologist coined the term "agnosia" in 1891 before creating psychoanalysis in 1895 but the term has not been previously applied to the domain of affective processing. We propose that the concept of "affective agnosia" advances the theory, measurement and treatment of what is now called "alexithymia," meaning "lack of words for emotion." We trace the origin of the alexithymia construct and discuss the strengths and limitations of extant research. We review evidence that the ability to represent and put emotions into words is a developmental achievement that strongly influences one's ability to experience, recognize, understand and use one's own emotional responses. We describe the neural substrates of emotional awareness and affective agnosia and compare and contrast these with related conditions. We then describe how this expansion of the conceptualization and measurement of affective processing deficits has important implications for basic emotion research and clinical practice.
Asymmetric array elements for symmetric scan performance

Phased array antennas with a desired symmetric scan range about broadside usually are designed with array elements that have a corresponding symmetry. However, this appears to be unnecessarily restrictive. We 1) show that symmetric scan performance normally is maintained even with asymmetric array elements, and 2) compare conventional, symmetric patches with asymmetric patches, which have no E-plane symmetry. The elements with spoiled symmetry have clearly better scan and/or bandwidth performance.
Medial Gastrocnemius Transposition Flap for the Treatment of Disruption of the Extensor Mechanism after Total Knee Arthroplasty

We describe a modified technique for the salvage of a total knee arthroplasty after disruption of the extensor mechanism. Between January and December 1992, seven patients had reconstruction of the extensor mechanism with use of a medial or an extended medial gastrocnemius flap. Six of the seven patients were followed for a mean of thirty-three months (range, twenty-six to forty-one months) and were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively with regard to the knee and functional scores of The Knee Society as well as the range of motion, extensor lag, walking status, and patellar height. The seventh patient was lost to follow-up six months postoperatively and was excluded from the analysis of the results. Preoperatively, the knee and functional scores were 16 ± 12.3 points and 12 ± 12.1 points (mean and standard deviation), respectively; the mean range of motion was 70 ± 44.0 degrees; and the mean extensor lag was 53 ± 33.4 degrees. Postoperatively, the mean knee and functional scores improved to 82 ± 12.4 points and 51 ± 23.0 points, respectively; the mean range of motion improved to 100 ± 21.8 degrees; and the mean extensor lag decreased to 24 ± 18.8 degrees. After the procedure, all patients who previously had been dependent on a walker were able to walk about the community with or without a cane, and those who had been dependent on a wheelchair were able to walk with the assistance of a walker. Patellar height was measured according to the method of Insall and Salvati for the four patients who had a patella. Preoperatively, the patellar heights were grossly abnormal; postoperatively, they more closely approached accepted normal values for three of the four patients. Reconstruction of a complicated rupture of the extensor mechanism with use of a medial gastrocnemius transposition flap after total knee arthroplasty is a reliable option for treatment.
Dichlorine Monoxide, Hypochlorous Acid, and Hypochlorites

The hydrolysis of chlorine gives rise to a pH-dependent complex system involving no less than six equilibria in which the oxidizing power of the parent element is preserved in hypochlorous acid, chlorine monoxide, and hypochlorite ion. The physical and chemical aspects of this unique family of compounds, including organic and other nonmetal hypochlorites, are outlined, their preparation and manufacturing processes are surveyed, and important uses are cited. Corrosion problems and potential hazards in handling and use of these compounds are also discussed. Hypochlorous acid is the active biocidal agent when hypochlorites are employed in disinfection and sanitation. It is an intermediate in the manufacture of hypochlorites, chloramines, and chlorohydrins. A process for production of HOCl in concentrations as high as 60% has been developed. The commercially important hypochlorites are Ca(OCl)2, NaOCl solution, LiOCl, chlorinated trisodium phosphate, and to a lesser extent hemibasic Ca(OCl)2 and bleaching powder. They are used primarily in sanitation and bleaching applications. The most important solid hypochlorite is Ca(OCl)2, which along with lithium hypochlorite is used mainly for swimming pool and spa sanitation. Several new processes for manufacture of Ca(OCl)2 are described. Continued research interest involves use of hypochlorites for selective epoxidation, oxidation, and chlorination, and use of chlorine monoxide as a highly selective agent for aromatic ring and side-chain chlorination. Keywords: halogen chemistry; stratospheric ozone depletion; oxidizing agents; epoxidation, chlorinating agents, breakpoint chlorination; sanitizers; disinfectants; etc
Rule-Based Fuzzy Control of a Single-Link Flexible Manipulator in the Presence of Joint Friction and Load Changes

A rule-based fuzzy control method is proposed in this paper for the control of single-link, lightweight, flexible manipulators. The objective of this method is to control the tip position of a flexible manipulator in the presence of joint friction and changes in the payload. Both linear and nonlinear friction are overcome using a robust control scheme. The control scheme is based on two nested feedback loops: an inner loop to control the position of the motor and an outer loop to control the tip position. The tip position is controlled by a rule-based fuzzy controller. This results in a simple control law that needs minimal computing effort and can be used for real-time control of flexible arms.
Antigenically variable Borrelia burgdorferi isolated from cottontail rabbits and Ixodes dentatus in rural and urban areas.

Spirochetes were isolated from 71 subadult Ixodes dentatus removed from cottontail rabbits captured in Millbrook, N.Y., and in New York, N.Y. Spirochetes were also cultured from kidney tissues of six rabbits. While all isolates reacted with monoclonal antibody H9724, which identifies the spirochetes as borreliae, more than half did not bind with antibody H5332 and even fewer reacted with H3TS, both of which were produced to outer surface protein A of Borrelia burgdorferi. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles of three isolates differed from one another and from all previously characterized B. burgdorferi strains from humans, ticks, and wildlife in North America. The 12 periplasmic flagella that originated subterminally from each pointed end of a rabbit Borellia isolate contrasted with the 11 or fewer flagella for B. burgdorferi reported previously from North America. Although DNA homology and restriction endonuclease analysis also revealed differences among a rabbit kidney isolate, an I. dentatus isolate, and B. burgdorferi B31, similarities were sufficient to lead us to conclude that the borreliae in rabbits and I. dentatus are B. burgdorferi. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers of sera from humans with diagnosed Lyme disease to rabbit tick B. burgdorferi were often similar to one another and to those recorded for a reference B. burgdorferi strain.
Encouraging patients and family caregivers to assert a more active role during care hand-offs: The Care Transitions Intervention™

What is the model: During a 4-week program, patients with complex care needs and family caregivers receive specific tools and work with a ‘Transitions Coach,’ to learn self-management skills that will ensure their needs are met during the transition from hospital to home. This is a low-cost, low-intensity intervention comprised of a home visit and three phone calls. What makes this model unique: In contrast to traditional case management approaches, the Care Transitions Intervention is a selfmanagement model. The Care Transitions Program has modeled national Medicare data sets to demonstrate the frequency with which older adults making care transitions across settings will experience another transition in the near future. In other words, for most of these individuals, there will be a ‘next time’. Using qualitative techniques, the Care Transitions Program worked with older adults to identify the key self-management skills needed to assert a more active role in their care. Next, a Transition Coach was introduced to help impart these skills and help the individual and the family caregiver become more confident in this new role. Although critics are quick to point out that this is only applicable to highly educated or motivated patients, our studies have shown that most patients and family caregivers are able to become engaged and do considerably more for themselves. In essence, the model involves making an investment in helping patients and family caregivers become more comfortable and competent in participating in their care during care transitions. Five months after the Transition Coach signed off, these patients continued to remain out of the hospital demonstrating a sustained effect from coaching. The intervention focuses on four conceptual domains referred to as pillars: 1. Medication self-management 2. Use of a dynamic patient-centered record, the personal health record 3. Timely primary care/specialty care follow-up 4. Knowledge of red flags that indicate a worsening in their condition and how to respond What are the key findings: Patients who received this program were significantly less likely to be readmitted to the hospital, and the benefits were sustained for five months after the end of the one-month intervention. Thus, rather than simply managing post-hospital care in a reactive manner, imparting self-management skills pays dividends long after the program ends. Anticipated net cost savings for a typical coach panel of 350 chronically ill adults with an initial hospitalization over 12 months is USD$ 295,594. Patients who received this program were also more likely to achieve self-identified personal goals around symptom management and functional recovery. To date more than 160 organizations have adopted the care transitions intervention. Project sponsors: The John A. Hartford Foundation and The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Where Can I Learn More?: Please visit www.caretransitions.org or email: Eric.Coleman@ucdenver.edu