cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
β1-Integrin Signaling is Essential for Lens Fiber Survival

Integrins have been proposed to play a major role in lens morphogenesis. To determine the role of beta1-integrin and its down-stream signaling partner, integrin linked kinase (ILK), in lens morphogenesis, eyes of WT mice and mice with a nestin-linked conditional knockout of beta1-integrin or ILK were analyzed for defects in lens development. Mice, lacking the genes encoding the beta1-integrin subunit (Itgb1) or ILK (Ilk), showed a perinatal degeneration of the lens. Early signs of lens degeneration included vacuolization, random distribution of lens cell nuclei, disrupted fiber morphology and attenuation and separation of the lens capsule. The phenotype became progressively more severe during the first postnatal week eventually leading to the complete loss of the lens. A more severe phenotype was observed in ILK mutants at similar stages. Eyes from embryonic day 13 beta1-integrin-mutant embryos showed no obvious signs of lens degeneration, indicating that mutant lens develops normally until peri-recombination. Our findings suggest that beta1-integrins and ILK cooperate to control lens cell survival and link lens fibers to the surrounding extracellular matrix. The assembly and integrity of the lens capsule also appears to be reliant on integrin signaling within lens fibers. Extrapolation of these results indicates a novel role of integrins in lens cell-cell adhesions as well as a potential role in the pathogenesis of congenital cataracts.
The Smallest Reported Distal 11q25 Deletion in Jacobsen Syndrome (JBS): Two Patients with Variable Phenotype

all non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes and regulatory elements. NGS-based proximity mapping has revealed a nuclear organization of the genome, with about 2,000 to 3,000 topologically associating domains (TAD), which can be further organized into loops. To facilitate the functional characterization of TADs, TAD-boundaries and loops, we have initiated a systematic mapping of constitutional “balanced” chromosomal rearrangements (BCR) that must affect this nuclear organization. Our first unbiased re-examination of prenatally diagnosed de novo BCRs (pBCRdn) showed breakpoints affect genomic compartments according to their size, e.g., protein coding/noncoding genes; regulatory domains associated with long-range position effects (LRPE); unannotated gaps; and TAD and TADboundaries. We also showed that the unbiased morbidity risk of pBCRdn are 2to 3-fold higher than previously estimated (approximately 20%), due to later onset neurodevelopmental disorders. This morbidity can in some cases be linked to truncation of known disease genes and LRPE-regions, but we also highlight the existing gap in genotype-phenotype knowledge. To address this gap, we have established IBMC, presently involving >150 partners from >50 countries and 6 continents, with the aim to mate-pair map w10,000 chromosomal breakpoints. This will target an estimated w2,700 protein coding genes, w1,500 ncRNA genes, most of the LRPEregions that specify the vertebrate body plan, link phenotypes with disruption/rearrangement of nuclear domains, and identify human models for their functional characterization. The project will include participants from undeveloped, developing and developed countries, and hence facilitate global mobility and technology transfer.
Fractal curves and rugs of prescribed conformal dimension

Abstract We construct Jordan arcs of prescribed conformal dimension which are “minimal for conformal dimension,” meaning the Hausdorff and conformal dimensions are equal. These curves are used to design fractal rugs, similar to Rickman's rug, that are also minimal for conformal dimension. These fractal rugs could potentially settle a standing conjecture regarding the existence of metric spaces of prescribed topological conformal dimension.
Piagetian Perspective in Draw-a-House Tree Task: A Longitudinal Study of the Drawings of Rural Children

Drawings of “a house with a tree behind it” were analyzed for developmental changes for 3–5, 6–8, and 9–11 year old rural children. Relationship with Piagetian tasks, Peabody IQ, and WISC-R and correspondence with the Luquet-Piaget sequence of graphic representation were also investigated. Significant developmental changes in House-Tree task with repeated test effects controlled were noted. The House-Tree corresponded significantly with selected Piagetian tasks and WISC-R Block Design at all ages. Regression equations were computed for prediction. The Luquet-Piaget sequence was inferred with additional intervening strategies between intellectual and visual realism. The House-Tree task has potential for assessing cognitive development of younger children. Its use with older children of restricted mental functioning needs to be explored.
Social networks and social capital: New directions for a household panel survey

This paper highlights the importance of the social networks perspective in social science research and describes the main approaches to measuring social networks and closely related phenomena - including social capital and kin networks - in existing household panel surveys. It then identifies cutting-edge techniques for collecting new data on social networks within the context of a household panel survey design. We focus in particular on possible extensions to traditional egocentric network data collection, the proper enumeration of kin networks and social support in unstable and complex families, measurement of communication via information and communication technology, and identification of the social network properties of social media participation.
The Freedom of the Seas

The Freedom of the Seas. Considerable discussion as to the meaning of "the freedom of the seas" has followed the reference by President Wilson to that subject in two official communications. On January 22, in his address before the senate in which he laid down the conditions under which he considered it possible that the United States might cooperate with other nations in establishing an international authority to guarantee peace, the President stated that "the freedom of the seas is the sine qua non of peace, equality and cooperation"; and again in his inaugural address of March 5 he enumerates among the principles in which we have been bred and which are "the principles of a liberated mankind" and which we shall stand for whether in war or in peace, "that the seas should be equally free and safe for the use of all peoples, under rules set up by common agreement and consent, and that so far as practicable they should be accessible to all upon equal terms." The, fundamental distinction to be made in this connection is between the freedom of the seas in time of peace and again in time of war. International law recognizes two distinct sets of rules. In time of peace the seas are already free. With the internationalization of the great rivers flowing through two or more states those highways of traffic are now open to the world. The Danish Sound dues were abolished in 1857; the Suez Canal was internationalized in 1888; and in similar fashion the Panama Canal was by the Hay-Pauncefote treaty of 1901 declared to be "free and open to the vessels of commerce and of war of all nations." The Dardanelles, though closed to warships, are open to the peaceful commerce of all nations. But in time of war the situation is different. Here international law recognizes several ways in which the freedom of the seas may be denied to both belligerents and neutrals. In the first place there is the rule that the merchant vessels of a belligerent are subject to capture on the high seas by the other belligerent, private property of the
Social Gender Interpretation of Equal Employment Rights for Female College Students

Because equal rights to employment have not been truly implemented female college students are facing a grimmer employment situation than the male students.We attempt to analyze the causes of the problem in terms of social gender,such as natural physiological differences,employers′ sex preference,employees′ gender-based selection,gender perspective in the social system,etc.In order to truly implement equal rights to employment for female students,it is necessary to implement "social gender mainstreaming" in the legal system,social security system and cultural system.
Access to Care

Many lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) patients may avoid or delay accessing healthcare. The barriers to care are multifactorial and occur on a systems level as well as in the exam room between the provider and patient. In this chapter, we describe the evidence behind barriers to care and argue that establishing a medical home for LGBT patients is an essential step to closing the healthcare gap. GLMA: Health Professionals Advancing LGBT Equality, a health advocacy organization, suggests a number of strategies employed by practices successful at providing LGBT patients with competent care in a patient-centered environment. We describe these strategies as a way to establish a patient-centered medical home or patient-centered practice to facilitate access for LGBT patients. One of the challenges for the PCP attempting to be welcoming to LGBT patients is that of identifying who they are. We provide specific language and questions that can be applied in a culturally sensitive and accurate method to assess sexual orientation and gender identity of patients as appropriate to the clinical context.
Ribose-enhanced myocardial recovery following ischemia in the isolated working rat heart.

Recovery of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) following moderate periods of ischemia is dependent upon the availability of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and diphosphate (ADP) for rephosphorylation. Recovery of AMP and ADP levels following ischemia is, in turn, determined by the rates of salvage and de novo adenine nucleotide synthesis. Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) availability is rate limiting in both salvage and de novo adenine nucleotide synthesis. Parenteral ribose infusions in rats have been documented to elevate myocardial PRPP levels with resultant enhancement of adenine nucleotide synthesis. In this study postischemic recovery of myocardial function and ATP levels in isolated, working rat hearts given ribose infusions before and after ischemia was compared with recovery in control hearts subjected to the same protocol without ribose administration. The mean percent of functional recovery in control hearts following 15 minutes of warm ischemia reached values of 56.7% ± 4.1%, 63.5% ± 4.3%, 65.9% ± 4.6%, and 70.5% ± 4.7% at 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes of work following ischemia. Hearts perfused with ribose demonstrated improved mean percent return of function at similar intervals of postischemic work with values of 67.9% ± 4.2%, 73.7% ± 3.7%, 81.0% ± 3.5%,* and 85.4% ± 3.3%,* respectively. Determinations of myocardial ATP levels (μmoles/gm of dry weight) made at the end of 15 minutes of postischemic work were significantly higher (p
Peripheral Nerve Surgery—Retrospective and Contemporary Techniques

The best technique for repairing peripheral nerves is the one that yields the best results with the greatest consistency. Because each repair has different anatomic and physical circumstances associated with it, the best approach is probably the one that best fulfills the needs of a given situation and this must be individualized from one situation to the next.
Mexican-American perspectives on participation in clinical trials: A qualitative study

Clinical trials are essential to advancing knowledge to reduce disease morbidity and mortality; however, ethnic and racial minorities remain under-represented in those studies. We explored knowledge and perceptions of clinical trials among Mexican-Americans in Texas. We conducted focus groups (N = 128) stratified by gender, language preference, and geographical location. This paper presents four emergent, primary themes: 1) knowledge and understanding of clinical trials, 2) fears and concerns about participating, 3) perceived benefits of participating, and 4) incentives to participate. Results suggest that lack of knowledge and understanding of clinical trials leads to misunderstanding about research, including fears and lack of trust. Participants indicated that fears related to perceived experimentation, harm, immigration status, and lack of clinical trial opportunities within their communities were barriers to participation. On the other hand, free healthcare access, helping family members in the future, and monetary incentives could facilitate participation. We also found differences across themes by language, gender, and place of residence. Findings from our study could inform the development of interventions to enhance recruitment of Mexican-American participants into clinical trials.
Employment, Poverty and Social Protection in Kazakhstan

The people of Kazakhstan have experienced severe hardship since the country became independent in 1991 following the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Six years of economic decline and rising social distress are leading the government to reassess the situation and formulate a new strategy for development. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the reassessment and to suggest policies that could reverse the decline and help to improve the general well being of the population. We shall be particularly concerned with employment policies and social protection and the way they are inserted into a coherent overall strategy of development.
Postdoctoral training in clinical neuropsychology in America: how did we get here and where do recent applicants suggest we go next?

AbstractObjective: The United States appears to be the only country which typically requires completion of a two-year postdoctoral fellowship for one to be considered competent to practice clinical neuropsychology. We review the history of how this came to be in the United States. Further, we describe obstacles that postdoctoral trainees face during this stage of training. Method: We first describe the most significant events leading to the requirement of a two-year fellowship in clinical neuropsychology. Next, we describe factors that trainees face when selecting and completing postdoctoral training. Finally, we review the results of the most recent annual survey of applicants for postdoctoral training to measure their experiences. Results: Postdoctoral training in the United States is a relatively recent requirement in neuropsychology. Trainees face many obstacles when obtaining a postdoctoral position some of which can be addressed by the field. Conclusions: Training in Clinical Neuropsychology in the ...
The Law as a Source of Stigma or Empowerment: Legal Capacity and Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

While the law is generally portrayed as a tool to combat stigma, outdated legal institutions continue to reinforce negative stereotypes about persons with intellectual disabilities. This chapter describes how guardianship is based on misconceptions regarding the abilities of persons with disabilities and how these false assumptions lead to abuse and denials of autonomy. Supported decision-making is presented as an alternative approach that does not deny the agency of persons with disabilities and in fact leads to strengthening their skills. In order to replace guardianship with supported decision-making, large-scale social reform is necessary in which the law can play an important part. The widely ratified Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities provides impetus for such legal reform.
Speech Intelligibility and Personality Peer-ratings of Young Adults With Cochlear Implants.

Speech intelligibility, or how well a speaker’s words are understood by others, affects listeners’ judgments of the speaker’s competence and personality. Deaf cochlear implant (CI) users vary widely in speech intelligibility, and their speech may have a noticeable “deaf” quality, both of which could evoke negative stereotypes or judgments from peers. In this study, college students with typical hearing (TH) used semantic differential scales to rate speech samples of highly-intelligible TH young adults and age-matched CI users with high or low intelligibility (CI-Hi, CI-Lo) on personality traits related to competence (intelligence, achievement), friendship skills (friendliness, popularity), and attractiveness as a friend (extraversion, dependability). Judges rated TH positively, CI-Lo negatively, and CI-Hi as intermediate, even though CI-Hi were as intelligible as TH. Both CI user groups were rated as friendly but unattractive as friends (insecure, shy, boring, unpopular, does not “sound like someone who could be my friend”), underlining the role of deaf speech quality in peer judgments. Such negative first impressions are likely to affect CI users’ social interactions and friendships, highlighting the importance of speech intelligibility and quality for CI users and calling for education on deafness and deaf speech for TH peers.
Establishment of a drug information service on a public-access computer bulletin board.

Objective:Computerized bulletin board services (BBSs) have existed for several decades; in recent years there has been increased use and acceptance. We have established a drug information service called The Pharmacy on a local public-access BBS, the Cleveland FreeNet. The goal of this service is to provide drug information to the lay public as well as healthcare professionals.Description:The Pharmacy is divided into 4 areas: (1) About the Pharmacy, which provides instructions for use; (2) Drug Information, which contains postings on selected drug information topics that are prepared by the BBS staff; (3) Pharmacy Questions, the most popular feature, where FreeNet users are invited to post questions, the answers to which are provided by clinical, staff, and consultant pharmacists, as well as baccalaureate and graduate pharmacy students; and (4) Investigational Studies, where patient recruitment for investigational studies is done.Results:A total of 259 questions have been posted in the first 3 years of ope...
Oxidative Stress and the Perinatal Circulation

Abnormal lung development in the perinatal period can result in significant neonatal complications including persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Hypoxia and hyperoxia activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways, leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension associated with these diseases. This chapter will describe normal lung vascular and parenchymal development and how the generation of ROS in response to hypoxia or hyperoxia can impact these events to induce neonatal pulmonary vascular disease. It will discuss experimental models of PPHN and BPD, and how these have identified potential sources of ROS and their mechanisms of action in the development of pulmonary hypertension. It will then describe the advantages and limitations of current antioxidant therapies, and how future studies may improve current treatment strategies for PPHN and BPD.
PLANNING THE EXPERIMENT

An independent problem is an integral part of many advanced courses in food science. This chapter discusses the preparations for conducting an individual study. The principles involved apply to a gamut of studies, ranging from a problem constituting a small portion of a course to an extensive project. A careful selection of a problem enhances its value as a learning experience and contributes to the personal satisfaction derived from conducting the study. A successful selection of the problem involves consideration of the available resources, including time, and of the likelihood that the question that is posed can be answered, or the problem solved, under the prevailing conditions. A further definition of the problem is necessary after the initial selection. A review of pertinent literature aids in problem definition and in the development of a specific plan. A written plan is prepared that includes a meaningful title and a justification for the proposed study. The justification is based on the related literature or on the lack thereof and leads into a statement of the objective(s). It is important that the objective(s) be attainable. The planned procedure for meeting the objective(s) follows and includes the experimental design, the details of the procedures to be used, and the copies of any forms to be used in collecting data.
(Keynote) Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime!

What is the nature of design, and the meaning it holds in human life? What does it mean to design well-to design ethically? How can the shaping of technology reflect our values as human beings? Drawing from the unconventional book Artful Design: Technology in Search of the Sublime [1], this keynote breaks down the designs of everyday tools, software, toys, musical instruments, and social experiences, examining the ways in which we shape technology and how technology shapes our society, and us in turn. This is a meditation for the "engineer with a soul" as well as for anyone curious (or concerned) about technology - not only what it does for us, but also what it does to us.
The Role of Body Mass Index on Hearing Outcomes After Stapes Surgery.

BACKGROUND Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with postoperative complications in multiple surgical specialties. In otologic surgery involving the stapes, where appropriate patient positioning and surgical dexterity are necessary for proper prosthesis placement, patients with higher BMI could make surgery more challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of BMI on outcomes after stapes surgery. METHODS Medical records were examined from January 2015 to December 2017 in patients undergoing stapedectomy or stapedotomy at two tertiary care facilities. A retrospective cohort analysis comparing hearing outcomes on postoperative audiogram following procedural intervention with BMI was performed. The primary outcome was postoperative air-bone gap (dB) on audiogram. RESULTS Two hundred sixty three stapedotomy and stapedectomy patients were included in the study. Six percent had BMI less than 18.5 (underweight), 30% had BMI between 18.6 and 24.9 (normal weight), 38% had BMI between 25 and 29.9 (overweight), 24% had BMI above 30 (obese). The mean preoperative and postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 27.0 dB (standard deviation [SD] 15) and 10.4 dB (SD 10.6), respectively, with a postoperative ABG less than or equal to 20 dB in 87% of cases. There were no significant differences in postoperative ABG results when comparing the BMI categories (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Stapedotomy and stapedectomy are effective surgeries that can be performed by experienced surgeons with successful hearing improvement. While high BMI patients may be a challenge to position appropriately for their surgery, this does not translate to altered otologic outcomes for these patients.
Prognostic Value of Myocardial Extracellular Volume Fraction and T2-mapping in Heart Transplant Patients

Abstract Objectives To examine prognostic value of T1- and T2-mapping techniques in heart transplant patients. Background Myocardial characterization using T2 mapping (evaluation of edema/inflammation) and pre- and post-gadolinium contrast T1 mapping (calculation of extracellular volume fraction [ECV] for assessment of interstitial expansion/fibrosis) are emerging modalities that have been investigated in various cardiomyopathies. Methods A total of 99 heart transplant patients underwent the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans including T1- (n = 90) and T2-mapping (n = 79) techniques. Relevant clinical characteristics, MRI parameters including late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and invasive hemodynamics were collected. Median clinical follow-up duration after the baseline scan was 2.4 to 3.5 years. Clinical outcomes include cardiac events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and heart failure hospitalization), noncardiac death and noncardiac hospitalization. Results Overall, the global native T1, postcontrast T1, ECV, and T2 were 1,030 ± 56 ms, 458 ± 84 ms, 27 ± 4% and 50 ± 4 ms, respectively. Top-tercile-range ECV (ECV >29%) independently predicted adverse clinical outcomes compared with bottom-tercile-range ECV (ECV Conclusions MRI-derived myocardial ECV and T2 mapping in heart transplant patients were independently associated with cardiac and noncardiac outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for larger prospective studies.
Plasticity in second language learning: The case of Mandarin tones.

Adults typically struggle to perceive non-native sound contrasts, especially those that conflict with their first language. Do the same challenges persist when the sound contrasts overlap but do no...
Flow Diversion Endovascular Treatment Improves Headaches in Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Objective Headache is the presenting symptom of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) in more than one-third of cases. Some patients may expect their headache to remit after aneurysm treatment. This study aims to identify factors influencing headache outcomes following endovascular treatment of UIA. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted in patients with UIAs treated with flow diversion. Subjects reported their headache intensity with a visual analog scale (VAS) and completed 3 surveys before treatment: Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), and Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2). Follow-up was at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. Analysis was performed using generalized mixed-effects models. Results We identified 38 patients, 29 of whom reported headaches at baseline (76.3%). Mean patient age was 55.3 ± 12.4 years, and 79% of the cohort was female. Mean aneurysm diameter was 6.8 ± 5.3 mm, and treatment modality was Pipeline embolization in all cases. At the last follow-up, 5 aneurysms (15.1%) were incompletely occluded. The mean VAS scores for patients with headache at baseline were 4.36 ± 0.59 at baseline, 4.08 ± 0.60 at 1 month, 3.04 ± 0.62 at 3 months, and 2.76 ± 0.57 at 6 months. Controlling for occlusion status, medication, and depression, significant improvement was seen at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Similar patterns were observed with MIDAS and HIT-6. Conclusions In the present study, endovascular UIA treatment led to significantly decreased headache intensity in patients with headache at baseline, after a short delay. Our data shed light on postintervention headache patterns and can help inform patient discussions and treatment expectations.
Dyssynchrony and Fibrosis Persist After Resolution of Cardiomyopathy in a Swine Premature Ventricular Contraction Model.

Objectives: This study sought to prospectively study the development and then regression of premature ventricular contraction (PVC)-induced cardiomyopathy, with the hypothesis that structural left ventricular (LV) changes that are of potential clinical significance may endure beyond the period of exposure to PVCs. Background: Recovery of LV function after eradication of PVCs in PVC-induced cardiomyopathy is incompletely defined. Methods: Fifteen swine were exposed to: 1) 50% paced PVCs from the LV lateral epicardium for 12 weeks (LV PVC, n = 5); 2) no pacing for 12 weeks (Control, n = 5); or 3) 50% paced LV PVCs for 12 weeks followed by pacing cessation for 4 weeks (Recovery, n = 5). LV function was quantified biweekly in sinus rhythm with echocardiography. Dyssynchrony was measured from pressure-volume loops at baseline and terminal studies. LV fibrosis was quantified after sacrifice. Results: LV ejection fraction during sinus rhythm fell between baseline and terminal studies in the LV PVC group (65.8 ± 3.0 to 39.3 ± 3.2; p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant change in the Control group (69.6 ± 3.0 to 72.2 ± 3.0; p = NS) or after Recovery (64.5 ± 3.4% to 61.4 ± 3.4%; p = NS) groups. There was a significant increase in LV dyssynchrony measured during sinus rhythm between baseline and terminal studies in the LV PVC group (4.0 ± 1.5% to 9.0 ± 1.5%; p < 0.05); there was a similar increase in dyssynchrony that persisted 4 weeks after PVC cessation in the Recovery group (4.4 ± 1.7% to 12.8 ± 1.7%; p < 0.05). After sacrifice, percent fibrosis was higher in the LV PVC group compared with Control (5.7 ± 0.3% vs. 3.0 ± 0.3%; p < 0.05) and remained elevated in Recovery (4.1 ± 0.3% vs. 3.0 ± 0.3%; p < 0.05) despite return to baseline LV ejection fraction. Conclusions: In a swine model of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy, cessation of PVCs for 4 weeks leads to normalization of LV systolic function but significant changes in myocardial fibrosis and LV dyssynchrony during sinus rhythm persist.
Low Perceived Anal Cancer Risk and Screening Utilization Among High-Risk Transgender Men and Women Living in an HIV / STI Epicenter

Although risk behaviors could place transgender people at increased risk of anal cancer, few studies have examined anal cancer knowledge and screening use among this population. This study assessed knowledge of anal cancer and associated screening tools, self-perceived risk for anal cancer, and willingness to undergo anal cytology testing among transgender persons in an HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI)-dense region. Adult transgender persons were recruited locally and surveyed electronically. Descriptive statistics, student's t tests, ANOVA, and Pearson's chi-squared test were performed. Among 79 transgender persons, identified anal cancer risk factors included smoking, STI history, anoreceptive intercourse, and inconsistent condom use. Nearly half (43%) reported little to no knowledge of anal cancer. The vast majority (82%) had little to no perceived risk of developing anal cancer. Twenty-eight percent had heard of anal cytology, and few (17%) had undergone it. Despite susceptibility, transgender persons lack knowledge and have a low perception of personal risk of anal cancer, highlighting the need to increase awareness of anal cancer, risk factors, and screening methods among this population.
First Principles Phase Diagram Calculations for the Octahedral-Interstitial System ZrOX, 0 ≤X ≤1/2

First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the octahedral-interstitial solid solution system αZrO X (αZr[ ] 1- X O X ; [ ] = vacancy; 0 ≤ X ≤1/2). The cluster expansion method was used for ground state analysis, and to calculate the phase diagram. The predicted diagram has four ordered ground-states in the range 0 ≤ X ≤1/2, but one of these, at X =5/12, is predicted to disproportionate at T ≈20 K, well below the experimentally investigated range T ≈420 K. Thus, at \(T \gtrsim 420\) K, the first-principles based calculation predicts three ordered phases rather than the four that have been reported by experimentalists.
336-OR: Mandarin Fish Ranavirus Viral Insulin/IGF-Like Peptide Inhibits Human IGF-1 Receptor

Our recent studies published in PNAS and Molecular Metabolism showed for the very first time that viruses possess genes encoding viral insulin/IGF-1 like peptides (VILPs). These two studies provided several important insights on VILPs: 1. Identified VILPs in six different Iridoviridae viruses 2. Showed that chemically synthesized single chain (sc, IGF-1 like) and double chain (dc, insulin-like) VILPs can bind to human insulin and IGF-1 receptors and stimulate downstream signaling. 3. Demonstrated that VILPs can increase glucose uptake in vitro and in vivo. 4. Identified the unique tissue-specific effects of VILPs. 5. Found sequences of these viruses in the human gut and plasma virome. In the present study, we focused on a novel, Mandarin Fish Ranavirus (MFRV) VILP and characterized both sc and dc forms for the first time. MFRV scVILP binds to human IGF1R with an affinity 100x higher than insulin, making it a VILP with the highest affinity to this receptor so far discovered. MFRV scVILP also activates IGF1R phosphorylation and post-receptor signaling. Interestingly, although MFRV scVILP is a weak agonist of IGF1R, it inhibits IGF-1 signaling at higher concentrations. When we treat cells with both IGF-1 and MFRV VILP, MFRV scVILP inhibits IGF-1 (10nM) stimulated IGF1R phosphorylation and activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways at high concentrations (> 250 nM). Surprisingly, the dc version of MFRV VILP neither bind nor stimulate IGF1R. This suggests that the C-chain of MFRV VILP is essential for both binding to IGF1R and the IGF-1 inhibitory effects. Taken together, our results revealed that MFRV scVILP is a novel antagonist/inhibitor of IGF-1R. IGF1R signaling is overly activated in breast, prostate and colorectal cancers. Despite tremendous efforts to develop an effective inhibitor of IGF1R, these attempts failed. MFRV VILP has the potential to contribute development of new therapeutics in cancer therapy and to help us better understand ligand-receptor interactions and mechanisms of IGF1R inhibition. Disclosure M. Chrudinova: None. V. Gelfanov: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk, Employee; Spouse/Partner; Eli Lilly and Company. L. Zakova: None. J. Cutone: None. A. Powis: None. K. Sevgi: None. J. Jiracek: None. R. Dimarchi: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk. E. Altindis: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K01DK117967)
Students Lead the Charge! Using Project-Based Learning with Pre-service Teachers to redesign a Curriculum Resource Center

Project-based learning (PBL) allows students to identify and find solutions to real-world problems using inquiry-based learning. With the exception of Correll and Bornstein (2018), very little has been written about using PBL to redesign college and university Curriculum Resource Centers. The authors of this article used PBL in conjunction with the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) Guidelines for Curriculum Materials Centers (CMCs) and the three themes for PBL success in higher education identified by Lee et al. (2014) to work with a small class of upper-level elementary education pre-service teachers to redesign an academic library Curriculum Resource Center.
Cdc42 GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) regulate generational inheritance of cell polarity and cell shape in fission yeast

The highly conserved small GTPase Cdc42 regulates polarized cell growth and morphogenesis from yeast to humans. We previously reported that Cdc42 activation exhibits oscillatory dynamics at cell tips of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells. Mathematical modeling suggests that this dynamic behavior enables a variety of symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 activation distributions to coexist in cell populations. For individual wild-type cells, however, Cdc42 distribution is initially asymmetrical and becomes more symmetrical as cell volume increases, enabling bipolar growth activation. To explore whether different patterns of Cdc42 activation are possible in vivo, we examined S. pombe rga4∆ mutant cells, lacking the Cdc42 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rga4. We found that monopolar rga4∆ mother cells divide asymmetrically leading to the emergence of both symmetric and asymmetric Cdc42 distributions in rga4∆ daughter cells. Motivated by different hypotheses that can mathematically reproduce the unequal fate of daughter cells, we used genetic screening to identify mutants that alter the rga4∆ phenotype. We found that the unequal distribution of active Cdc42 GTPase is consistent with an unequal inheritance of another Cdc42 GAP, Rga6, in the two daughter cells. Our findings highlight the crucial role of Cdc42 GAP localization in maintaining consistent Cdc42 activation and growth patterns across generations.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognostic Factors Impacting Survival in Melanoma of the Eyelid: Running Title: Prognostic Factors for Survival in Melanoma of the Eyelid

Abstract Purpose To examine prognostic factors for survival in patients with melanoma of the eyelid. Design Retrospective cohort analysis Setting Population-based study Study Population Patients with primary melanoma of the eyelid diagnosed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database between 1975 and 2016. Main Outcomes Measures Survival rates estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and mortality hazard ratios(HRs) for overall survival(OS) and disease-specific survival(DSS). Results The cohort consisted of 2257 patients with cutaneous melanoma in the eyelid, representing 1380 cases of melanoma in situ and 877 cases of invasive melanoma. For melanoma in situ and invasive melanoma respectively, at 5-years, the OS rates were 88.6% and 77.1%, while DSS rates were 99.4% and 91.0%. Cox regression analysis for eyelid melanoma indicated that for invasive melanoma, age at diagnosis ≥ 75 years [HR 2.17; 95% confidence interval(CI) (1.02–4.60); p = 0.04], T4 staging (HR 8.45; 95% CI 2.96-25.31; p Conclusions This study is the largest analysis to date that focuses on DSS for cutaneous melanoma of the eyelid. The most significant predictors for invasive melanoma survival are age 75 years or greater at diagnosis, T4 staging, lymph node involvement, and the nodular melanoma histological subtype. Patients with these attributes are at higher risk and should be counseled regarding prognosis.
Invited Commentary: The Need for Repeated Measures and Other Methodological Considerations when Investigating Discrimination as a Contributor to Health.

To determine potential measurement error related to the assessment of lifetime discrimination over time, Van Dyke et al. (Am J Epidemiol. XXX; XXX(XX):XXXX-XXXX) investigated inconsistencies in reporting racial, socioeconomic status, and gender discrimination over time among Black and White adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. The authors found that "ever" reports of discrimination (as assessed by the Experiences of Discrimination Scale) decreased over time and that populations who most experience discrimination (i.e., Blacks/African Americans, younger, low socioeconomic status, and women) were often also the most likely to inconsistently report discrimination over the study period from 1992 to 2010. The authors have raised an important issue related to the potential underestimation of lifetime discrimination that may depend on when discrimination is assessed as well as the social identity of individuals surveyed. With implications for health inequities, these findings highlight study design and methodological issues that should be addressed to accurately estimate the true burden of discrimination on health. In this commentary, we further illuminate potential methodological challenges and opportunities when investigating the impact of discrimination on health.
Trace and tribute: Evan Weissman

First paragraph: Near the end of what was turning out to be a long Central New York winter and the beginning of an indeterminately long global pandemic, Professor Evan Weissman died unexpectedly. This sudden loss continues to be felt on many levels throughout the local community, as well as in the Syracuse University Food Studies and Food Systems Planning communities. Evan and I were planning to meet to start working on the final edits of FoodPlanCNY, a comprehensive food system plan for Syracuse and Onondaga County, New York. We had worked closely on this project for over three years, ranging from brainstorming the initial aims and objectives to all the hours of team meetings, interviews with stake­holders, writing, revising, integrating the process into our teaching, deciding whether the page format should have two columns of text or three, and more revisions. Completed in his absence, the project is now a trace that evokes Evan’s unique synthesis of deep ethics, rigorous scholarship, and community engagement. . . .
Demonstration of a Mercury Trapped Ion Clock Prototype

In this work, we report a prototype of micro mercury trapped ion atomic clock. All the clock components have been packaged and demonstrated in a magnetic shield box of 4 liters. The prototype clock shows promising performance with a short-term fractional frequency instability below 10−11 τ−12 and can reach the 10−14-instability level after a day of averaging. The prototype clock is capable of reaching the10−15 -fractional frequency instability range. Our demonstration of the integrated clock prototype paves the way for further SWaP reduction and maturation.
S. Burt Wolbach, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Blood-Sucking Arthropods Triumph of an Early Investigative Pathologist

In a series of four articles published between 1916 and 1919 in The Journal of Medical Research , precursor to The American Journal of Pathology , the investigative pathologist S. Burt Wolbach unambiguously showed that Rocky Mountain spotted fever has a tick-borne mode of transmission, the causative agent replicates intracellularly, and the disease is fundamentally a vasculitis. Although underappreciated, Wolbach's tour-de-force work epitomized investigative pathology. These four articles should be mandatory reading for young investigators and are recommended also to seasoned investigators who seek reinvigoration in the beauty in their craft.
The internal organization of complex teams: Bounded rationality and the logic of hierarchies

Abstract This paper explains the emergence of hierarchical organization in teams of specialized producers carrying out a production activity when their members are constrained by bounded rationality. In contrast to the focus on transaction costs, monitoring and incentive structures, it derives hierarchical organization as the only feasible organizational response to the need to solve complex coordination and information problems that emerge in carrying out the production, in a changing environment, of a product composed of many parts.
Studies in histochemistry: XXXIX. The performance of freezing-drying apparatus for the preparation of embedded tissue and an improved design☆

Abstract The effect of various experimental conditions on the time required to freeze-dry standardized small tissue samples has been studied. Although more rapid freezing-drying occurred when higher vacua provided by diffusion pumps were used, and colder vapor traps using liquid nitrogen were employed, the saving in time was often only a matter of hours. Therefore, as reported from other laboratories, the use of a mechanical vacuum pump alone, and a vapor trap filled with a mixture of solid carbon dioxide and acetone or alcohol (−78 °C) (in conjunction with a sample tube refrigerant at −30 ° to −50 °C, such as provided with mixtures of solid carbon dioxide with dimethoxytetraglycol or diethyl oxalate, respectively) can be adequate provided that a long enough time is allowed for the freezing-drying process. For those instances in which the time saving is still a factor, a description has been given of a newly designed liquid gas trap containing a copper Dewar reservoir which has been incorporated in a highly efficient and still relatively simple freezing-drying apparatus.
The role of decentralization and cultural revival in post-communist transformations

Abstract During the first four years of post-communist transformations (1989–1992), despite intense opposition, the basic features of the Balcerowicz economic plan remained unchanged. One main reason the plan's opponents failed to defeat it was the decoupling of central and local political fields, which shielded local communes from the volatility of central politics where the criticisms of the government's economic policies were most eloquently articulated. Left partially to their own devices, some communes fared better under new conditions than others. The reasons for this differential economic revival are to be found in the differences of: (1) political cultures (“revolutionaries” versus “reformists”) revealed in voting patterns; (2) historical and cultural traditions, and (3) “civicness.” The empirical material to test these theses comes from the author's own fieldwork in Cieszyn Silesia, Poland.
How to test the safety of homemade antegrade colonic washout fluid

Normal saline is commonly used for antegrade colonic washout enemas. The saline solution is usually made at home by adding measured quantities of common salt to tap water. The best method for the carers to check the concentration of salt in these homemade solutions has not been reported. Various concentrations of saline solutions were tested for specific gravity (SG) with an aquarium hygrometer and urine analysis sticks by two blinded independent observers. An aquarium hygrometer can read SG with an accuracy of 0.00046 for saline solutions made in tap water and 0.00051 for those made with sterile water. Urine analysis dipsticks sticks failed to achieve this accuracy. An aquarium hygrometer is a simple and reliable way to measure the SG of homemade saline solutions. Its use may avoid the problems associated with over- or under-concentration of salt in the antegrade enema solution.
Efficiency Of Coupling in the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates Via Phosphotriester Approach Utilizing Various Activating Reagents 1

Abstract The synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioates via phosphotriester approach utilizing various coupling reagents is described. 1Part 5 on Process Improvement Chemistry (PIC). For Part 4, refer to Ravikumar, V. T., Andrade, M., Wyrzykiewicz, T. K., Scozzari, A., Cole, D. L. Nucleosides Nucleotides, 1995, 14, 1219.
University faculty and networked information: results of a survey

Little is known about the habits or attitudes of university faculty towards the use of networked information. In order to gain some understanding of this matter, a questionnaire was mailed in the fall of 1995 to all faculty in 6 different departments at 8 universities across the country. Questions dealt with accessibility to networks, submission and/or subscription to electronic journals, use of networks for other purposes (such as access to data sets or searching library catalogs), and effects of networked information on collaboration. In general, the faculty tend to be conservative in their use and attitudes, since their institutions tend to be conservative. This is particularly evident regarding submission of work to electronic journals, which tend to be perceived as not contributing to instrumental goals, such as promotion and tenure. On the other hand, there are indications that networked information does have an impact on some faculty members' patterns of collaboration. Specifically, there seems to be some geographic and disciplinary broadening. There are some apparent variances in responses by such demographic variables as gender, rank, and departmental affiliation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Permeable rock model using an array of pores

Abstract A simple model approximating a porous medium has been developed to study fluid flow path behavior in acomplex porous media. The model consists of a network of interconnected pores. The pores are connected by pore connections, or more precisely ostioles. The pores are assumed to be much larger than ostioles and therefore all flow resistance lies in the ostioles. Two different sizes have been assigned to ostioles: large and small. The results obtained from this uncomplicated model indicates that the fluid flow path in a porous medium is complex and almost always goes through a small ostiole. The flow path is generally down the network with some lateral flow. The rate of lateral flow is a function of the percent of small ostioles and peaks near 37 percent. The clogging of small ostioles is inevitable if the fluid carries any type of particle or emulsions.
Communication Challenges for Management Faculty Involving Younger "Generation X" Students in their Classes:

The social accounts of 19 management faculty concerning communication challenges with younger undergraduate students are examined in this interpretive/critical/post structural qualitative inquiry. Key stakeholder groups to the educational process, young undergraduate students, and managers who have hired and supervised recent college graduates are also studied to determine their perceptions of generational communication challenges and their reactions to faculty views. The goal of this qualitative study is to encourage more critical awareness or reflexivity of management educators concerning their often taken-for-granted assumptions concerning students and classroom communication potentials.