cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-Centered Care of the Patient with Obesity

ABSTRACT As medical societies transition to a new perspective on obesity as a disease rather than primarily a behavioral concern, many are recommending treatment approaches that include a broader and more individualized disease-management framework. This overview of patient-centered care for patients who have overweight or obesity summarizes new perspectives and recommends treatment strategies with demonstrated efficacy for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. The complex pathophysiology of obesity and its associated comorbidities illuminates the difficulties of weight management. However, even modest weight loss can result in improved obesity-related comorbidities and metabolic health. Health care practitioners and physicians can use effective communication and counseling skills to explore patients’ feelings on weight management and determine their willingness to implement lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle management for overweight or obesity should include healthy meal planning, increased physical activity, and behavioral interventions comprising counseling and social support, all tailored to meet individual patient needs. Some patients who are unable to lose weight or maintain weight loss with lifestyle intervention alone may benefit from pharmacotherapy added to their obesity management strategy. There are now a variety of weight-loss medications available to prescribe; treatment decisions should take into account patient-related, biologic, and pharmacotherapeutic factors, such as patient preference and treatment comorbidities, drug interactions, and side effects. Only when these strategies are applied to treat obesity as a disease, rather than a behavioral problem, can we help improve patient outcomes.
Load Dependency of Left Atrial Strain in Normal Subjects

Background Left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain is a novel parameter used for the evaluation of LA function, with demonstrated prognostic value in several cardiac diseases. However, the extent of load dependency of LA strain is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of acute changes in preload on LA strain, side by side with LA volume, in normal subjects. Methods Twenty-five healthy volunteers (13 men; mean age, 31 ± 2 years) were prospectively enrolled, who underwent two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging during acute stepwise reductions in preload using a tilt maneuver: baseline at 0°, followed by 40° and 80°. Left ventricular and LA size and function parameters were measured using standard methodology, and LA strain-time curves were obtained using speckle-tracking software (TomTec), resulting in reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain components. All parameters were compared among the three loading conditions using one-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements. Results Although there were no significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate increased significantly with tilt. As expected, LA volumes, left ventricular volumes, and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as E wave, A wave, and e′ significantly decreased with progressive inclination. In parallel, LA reservoir, conduit, and contractile strain values decreased with reduction in preload (reservoir: 42.9 ± 3.9% to 27.5 ± 3.8%, P Conclusions In normal subjects, LA strain is preload dependent but to a lesser degree than LA volume. This difference underscores the relative advantage of LA strain over maximum volume, when LA assessment is used as part of the diagnostic paradigm.
An Ultra-low-power 28nm CMOS Dual-die ASIC Platform for Smart Hearables

This paper presents an ultra-low-power dual-die platform for (medical) smart hearables. It pairs two custom ASICs: i) Blackghost - a 28nm CMOS near-threshold-V DD powered and highly integrated SoC with embedded PMU, MCU, 16-issue DSP engine and hardened audio sub-system island; ii) DIRAC - a 28nm CMOS always-on voiceband RF & mixed-signal audio codec frontend. With ~90dB of dynamic range, DIRAC codec consumes <200µW of total power. For fast wakeup, sleep and standby of Blackghost, DIRAC also features low latency microphone activity detection (MAD) and TX-RX cross fading scheme. This dual-die platform enables miniaturized hearable devices capable of running emerging audio algorithms like deep learning at an extremely low enerzy budget.
Versatile kit of robust nanoshapes self-assembling from RNA and DNA modules.

DNA and RNA have emerged as a material for nanotechnology applications that take advantage of the nucleic acids’ ability to encode folding and programmable self-assembly through mainly base pairing. The two types of nucleic acid have rarely been used in combination to enhance structural diversity or for partitioning of functional and architectural roles. Here, we report a design and screening strategy to integrate combinations of RNA motifs as architectural joints and DNA building blocks as functional modules for programmable self-assembly of a versatile toolkit of polygonal nucleic acid nanoshapes. Clean incorporation of diverse DNA modules with various topologies attest to the extraordinary robustness of the RNA-DNA hybrid framework. The design and screening strategy enables systematic development of RNA-DNA hybrid nanoshapes as programmable platforms for applications in molecular recognition, sensor and catalyst development as well as protein interaction studies. DNA and RNA have been used for nanotechnology applications, though rarely in combination. Here the authors report the use of RNA motifs as structural joints with DNA building blocks for enhanced construction of small multi-component nanoshapes.
Computing the confidence levels for a root-mean-square test of goodness-of-fit

Abstract The classic χ2 statistic for testing goodness-of-fit has long been a cornerstone of modern statistical practice. The statistic consists of a sum in which each summand involves division by the probability associated with the corresponding bin in the distribution being tested for goodness-of-fit. Typically this division should precipitate rebinning to uniformize the probabilities associated with the bins, in order to make the test reasonably powerful. With the now widespread availability of computers, there is no longer any need for this. The present paper provides efficient black-box algorithms for calculating the asymptotic confidence levels of a variant on the classic χ2 test which omits the problematic division. In many circumstances, it is also feasible to compute the exact confidence levels via Monte Carlo simulation.
Microaggressions and Macroaggressions Across Time: The Longitudinal Construction of Inequality in Schools:

This article reveals inequity as a longitudinal construction involving the cumulation of micro/macroaggressions for children who live in high-poverty communities and attend poorly funded schools. D...
Science Without God? Rethinking the History of Scientific Naturalism , edited by Peter Harrison and Jon H. Roberts

Science Without God? Rethinking the History of Scientific Naturalism , edited by Peter Harrison and Jon H. Roberts. Oxford University Press, 2019. xv + 263 pp. $99 ISBN: 978-0-19-883458-8.
Locating psychopathy within the domain space of personality pathology

Abstract A robust literature demonstrates that psychopathology and personality pathology are well-represented within quantitatively-derived, hierarchical dimensional models. Nevertheless, the location of core traits comprising psychopathic personality (psychopathy) as defined by the triarchic model has not been clearly explicated. We extended hierarchical structural models of personality pathology to include triarchic psychopathy trait dimensions (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to interface the hierarchical framework of pathological personality dimensions with basic psychopathy trait dimensions. Using data from a racially diverse undergraduate sample (N = 749), “bass-ackwards” analyses revealed a coherently organized hierarchical structure of personality pathology. Psychopathy dimensions were clearly situated within levels of the hierarchy extending beyond the highest, undifferentiated general-factor level. A broad externalizing factor emerged at level 2, which bifurcated into callous-disinhibition and fearless dominance subfactors at level 3 – encompassing psychopathic traits of meanness and disinhibition (thought to represent the trait commonality between antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy) and boldness (thought to differentiate psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder), respectively, at the final two levels of the hierarchy. These results position triarchic psychopathy traits within an extended externalizing spectrum that accommodates boldness-related content.
Hyaluronan and halogen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and lung injury

Chlorine (Cl2 ) and bromine (Br2 ) are produced in large quantities throughout the world and used in the industry and the sanitation of water. These halogens can pose a significant threat to public health when released into the atmosphere during transportation and industrial accidents, or as acts of terrorism. In this review, we discuss the evidence showing that the activity of Cl2 and Br2 , and of products formed by their interaction with biomolecules, fragment high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA), a key component of the interstitial space and present in epithelial cells, to form proinflammatory, low-molecular-weight hyaluronan fragments that increase intracellular calcium (Ca2+ ) and activate RAS homolog family member A (RhoA) in airway smooth muscle and epithelial and microvascular cells. These changes result in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine and increase epithelial and microvascular permeability. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ is the result of the activation of the calcium-sensing receptor by Cl2 , Br2 , and their by-products. Posthalogen administration of a commercially available form of HMW-HA to mice and to airway cells in vitro reverses the increase of Ca2+ and the activation of RhoA, and restores AHR to near-normal levels of airway function. These data have established the potential of HMW-HA to be a countermeasure against Cl2 and Br2 toxicity.
Hypoxia uncouples HIF gene transcription and metabolic flux in proliferating primary cells

Hypoxia is an important environmental stimulus that causes transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in cells to facilitate their survival. Here, we performed stable isotope tracing and metabolic flux analyses of proliferating primary cells in hypoxia. Despite activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional program and up-regulation of glycolytic genes, glycolytic flux was decreased in hypoxic cells in our models. No evidence for increased glutaminolysis or reductive carboxylation was observed. While pharmacologic stabilization of HIF in normoxia with the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor molidustat did increase glycolytic flux as expected, hypoxia abrogated this effect. Together, these data suggest that primary cell bioenergetic metabolism is closely coupled to cell proliferation rate and that other regulatory factors override the effects of HIF-dependent up-regulation of glycolytic gene expression on glycolytic flux.
A Pilot Study of Galunisertib plus Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppressive activity. In preclinical models, blockade of TGFβ enhances the activity of radiation and invokes T-cell antitumor immunity. Here, we combined galunisertib, an oral TGFβ inhibitor, with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assessed safety, efficacy, and immunologic correlatives. Patients (n = 15) with advanced HCC who progressed on, were intolerant of, or refused sorafenib were treated with galunisertib (150 mg orally twice a day) on days 1 to 14 of each 28-day cycle. A single dose of SBRT (18-Gy) was delivered between days 15 to 28 of cycle 1. Site of index lesions treated with SBRT included liver (9 patients), lymph node (4 patients), and lung (2 patients). Blood for high-dimensional single cell profiling was collected. The most common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (53%), abdominal pain (46.6%), nausea (40%), and increased alkaline phosphatase (40%). There were two instances of grade 2 alkaline phosphatase increase and two instances of grade 2 bilirubin increase. One patient developed grade 3 achalasia, possibly related to treatment. Two patients achieved a partial response. Treatment with galunisertib was associated with a decrease in the frequency of activated T regulatory cells in the blood. Distinct peripheral blood leukocyte populations detected at baseline distinguished progressors from nonprogressors. Nonprogressors also had increased CD8+PD-1+TIGIT+ T cells in the blood after treatment. We found galunisertib combined with SBRT to be well tolerated and associated with antitumor activity in patients with HCC. Pre- and posttreatment immune profiling of the blood was able to distinguish patients with progression versus nonprogression.
Matter of M-E-V-G- and the BIA's Confounding Legal Standard For 'Membership in a Particular Social Group'

This Briefing reviews the legal standard the United States uses to assess whether a “particular social group” is cognizable for purposes of asylum or withholding of removal relief, and it provides an update on the new “social visibility” and “particularity” tests the Board of Immigration Appeals (Board or BIA) has imposed on top of the traditional “immutable characteristics” standard of Matter of Acosta. The Board introduced the new tests in a series of precedents between 2006 and 2008, culminating in the gang-asylum cases, Matter of S-E-G- and Matter of E-A-G-, where the Board announced that “social visibility” and “particularity” would be strict requirements for all particular social groups. The Board’s departure from Acosta triggered extensive litigation and created a sharp split among circuit courts, with the Seventh and Third Circuits rejecting the new tests, and the Ninth Circuit calling them into question. In February of this year the Board responded with two new social group precedents, Matter of M-E-V-G- and Matter of W-G-R-. Part one of this Briefing discusses the framework for humanitarian protection and the authorities that should guide analysis of social group claims. Part two traces the path of U.S. social group law from Acosta’s influential “immutable characteristics” test to S-E-G-’s controversial “social visibility” and “particularity” requirements. Part three describes the circuit courts’ divided reaction to the Board’s departure from Acosta. Part four summarizes M-E-V-G- and the companion precedent W-G-R-, with a critical analysis of the decisions. Part five identifies more recent social group decisions and potentially significant social group litigation that practitioners should be aware of in the wake of M-E-V-G- and W-G-R-. Finally, this briefing ends with some strategic considerations for presenting social group claims and points practitioners to resources they can access for assistance when formulating social groups.
Functional dystonia: A case-control study and risk prediction algorithm.

OBJECTIVE Functional dystonia (FD) is a disabling and diagnostically challenging functional movement disorder (FMD). We sought to identify historical predictors of FD vs. other primary dystonias (ODs) and develop a practical prediction algorithm to guide neurologists. METHODS 1475 consecutive new patient medical records were reviewed at an adult/pediatric tertiary-referral dystonia clinic from 2005 to 2017. Ninety-nine met criteria for clinically established FD (85 adults and 14 pediatric), paired with 99 age/dystonia distribution-matched OD. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of FD and disability. We formed a prediction algorithm, assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis investigating independent predictors of FD (P < 0.001) followed by development of a prediction algorithm showed that the most robust predictors included abrupt onset, spontaneous resolution/recurrence, pain, cognitive complaints, being on or pursuing disability, lifetime mood/anxiety disorder, comorbid functional somatic disorders, and having ≥3 medication allergies. The prediction algorithm had utility for both adult and pediatric FD, with excellent sensitivity/specificity (89%/92%) and an area under the curve (AUC) 0.95 (0.92-0.98). Greater disability (modified Rankin Scale) independently correlated with a number of functional examination features, unemployment/not attending school, number of medication allergies, and younger age of presentation. FD patients were high health-care utilizers and were more frequently prescribed opiates/opioids and benzodiazepines (P < 0.003). INTERPRETATION This case-control study provides an algorithm to guide clinicians in gauging their index of suspicion for a FD, with diagnostic confirmation subsequently informed by neurological examination. While this algorithm requires prospective validation, health-care utilization data underscore the importance and need for more research in FD.
High-resolution anoscopy, is there a benefit in proceeding directly to the operating room?

The development of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) has advanced our ability to detect anal dysplasia. Historically, HRA is performed in a clinical setting and subsequent ablation is performed in the clinical setting or operating room. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective venue for the performance of HRA. Following institutional review board (IRB) approval, the correlation between anal cytology and HRA performed in the clinic versus in the operating room was evaluated. Data were extracted from our IRB-approved prospective HRA database over the time period of 2013–2017. One hundred twenty-eight HRAs were compared (101 in the clinical setting, 27 in the operating room). There was a statistically significant difference in the correlation between anal cytology and HRA pathology for procedures performed in the clinical setting (55% [56/101]) versus those performed in the operating room (82% [22/27]) (p = 0.014). More biopsies were obtained in the operating room than in the clinic setting (3 vs. 1, p < 0.0001). The majority of patients who had HRA in a clinical setting with subsequent HRA in the operating room stated that they preferred to have their HRAs performed in the operating room due to discomfort from the HRA procedure. Detection rates for anal dysplasia on HRA, are significantly higher when performed in the operating room. To prevent discomfort in the clinical setting, patients with high-grade dysplasia on anal pap testing may benefit from proceeding directly to the operating room for concurrent HRA and ablation.
Test-Retest Reliability of the Balance Tracking System Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance Protocol Across Multiple Time Durations.

Background Postural control is critical for body sway control and is subserved by three sources of sensory feedback (ie, vision, proprioception and vestibulation). A method for determining the relative contribution of each sensory feedback source to postural control is the modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance for the balance tracking system (BTrackS). However, this method has not yet been evaluated for test-retest reliability. Purpose To determine the test-retest reliability of the modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance protocol for the BTrackS across multiple time intervals. Methods Three groups of healthy young adults performed the BTrackS modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance protocol four times separated by either one day, one week or one month. Within each time duration group, and condition, differences in total center of pressure path length were determined from one test session to the next and intra class correlation coefficient categorizations were made. Results In all but one case, no significant difference in performance was seen from one testing session to the next. The one significant difference found was a decrease in total center of pressure path length from day 1 to day 2 in the vestibular condition of the group tested daily. Intra class correlation coefficient results largely indicated fair-good reliability across time durations and test conditions. Conclusion The present study largely supports use of the BTrackS modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance protocol as a means of probing the sensory contributions to balance performance across multiple time durations.
Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference . Eds. Linell E. Cady and Tracy Fessenden. Religion, Culture, and Public Life. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. ix + 326 pp. $90.00 cloth; $30.00 paper.

(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Religion, the Secular, and the Politics of Sexual Difference . Eds. Linell E. Cady and Tracy Fessenden . Religion, Culture, and Public Life. New York : Columbia University Press , 2013. ix + 326 pp. $90.00 cloth; $30.00 paper.Book Reviews and NotesAs the second of two volumes exploring comparative secularisms, this book builds on the growing scholarly interest in the gendered dimensions of secularism and secularization. The book wrestles with the question of why women's rights and sexual freedoms in modern history have been so readily ascribed to secularism and secularizing processes. Taken together, the contributions to this volume problematize narratives attributing women's emancipation or sexual liberation to the progressive forces of secularism.The essay described by the editors as the "anchoring contribution" is Joan Wallach Scott's "Secularism and Gender Equality." Focusing on Western contexts, Scott sets the tone and agenda for the volume by arguing that secularization does not necessarily lead to the liberation of women. In fact, women were absent from the "originary moments of secularism" (28) and excluded from political life by the very process many observers today view as vital to women's liberation. Arguments from nature, as opposed to religion, were employed to rationalize women's inequality. Scott acknowledges that greater opportunities for women did arise in the course of modern history, but she is skeptical of just how liberated women have become in secular societies, citing the low percentages of women in Western legislative bodies and the challenges facing Muslim women wearing headscarves in France. She concludes by noting how analyzing the categories of "religious" and "secular" from the perspective of gender and sexuality collapses any sharp distinction between the two and illuminates their interdependent relationship.The essays that follow take up Scott's call to use gender and sexuality as the prism through which to investigate assumptions about secularism's liberating power. They do so from a diversity of disciplinary and methodological perspectives, including history, sociology, anthropology, law, and literary studies. They also focus on a range of geographical contexts such as Egypt, Bosnia-Herzegovina, India, France, and the United States. Finally, they address multiple religious traditions, though Christianity and Islam dominate the volume.Most contributors share Scott's skepticism that religion is the cause and secularism is the solution to conflicts over gender and sexuality. Azza Karam describes how Islamist movements in contemporary Egypt empower many Muslim women and offer strategic resources for participating in the public square. …
CHAPTER 6 – Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is the analysis of light that is emitted from a medium in the absence of external optical excitation. Significant levels of such optical emission (OE) are present only in special circumstances. Optical emission is important during plasma-assisted processing, such as plasma-assisted etching and deposition, and sputter deposition processes, where gas-phase species are promoted to excited electronic states by collisions with energetic electrons. These excited states relax to lower states, which may be the ground electronic state, by spontaneous emission. This emitted radiation is then spectrally dispersed and detected. Optical emission from a plasma is also called plasma-induced emission (PIE). Although OE between vibrational levels in the same electronic state also occurs, it is weaker and of less interest. While OES has proved to be very useful in obtaining a fundamental and process-oriented understanding of gas-phase and surface events in thin film processing in glow discharges, it is having an even greater impact on real-time monitoring and control of plasma-assisted processing. This is due, in part, to its relative simplicity and low cost. Perhaps the most important example is endpoint detection, which indicates the completion of film etching. Optical emission spectroscopy is routinely used to monitor gas-phase population during process development and for endpoint detection with real-time control sensors during manufacturing. Controlling film composition by using OE data during reactive sputtering is also important. Optical emission spectroscopy is more easily adapted for real-time monitoring and control than other optical diagnostics because it requires no optical source.
PRE: A Framework for Enterprise Integration;

Sandia National Laboratories’ Product Realization Environment (PRE) is a lightweight, CORBA-based framework for the integration of a broad variety of applications. These applications are “wrapped” for use in the PRE framework as reusable components. For example, some of the PRE components currently available include: our product data management (PDM) system, our human resources database, several finite element analysis programs, and a variety of image and document format converters. PRE enables the development of end-user applications (as Java applets, for example) that use these components as building blocks. To aid such development, the PreLib library (available in both C++ and Java) permits both wrapping and using these components without knowledge of either CORBA or the security mechanisms used.
Energy-aware Multipath Provisioning in wireless mesh networks

Multipath routing has been extensively employed in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) to provide network reliability and survivability, thereby, improving energy consumptions. To support the network survivability, we need to protect users' requests against network failure such as link or node failure. For each request, a primary path is set up for normal transmission, and an alternate path (protection path) should also be provided to protect the request in case of network failure. In this paper, we study the network survivability through the use of multipath scheme to handle dynamic network traffic, where users' requests have random arrival times. Compared to previous work, our scheme considers each link's bandwidth, reusability, and the energy consumption factors when providing multiple paths for each request, to support the network survivability under multiple failure. By applying our scheme, the numerical results show that we can improve the network survivability in handling multiple failures.
Recent progress in characterizing human DNA repair genes cloned using rodent cell lines

Knowledge of DNA repair processes in human cells is essential for developing rational approaches toward the treatment of cancer as well as understanding its origin and that of human heritable disorders. A detailed knowledge of the individual repair genes and their encoded proteins should eventually result in our understanding the action of repair pathways on various classes of DNA damage. In mammalian cells as in other organisms, the characterization of repair genes requires having mutations affecting those genes. A considerable number of mutant cell lines have been produced, mainly in hamster cells that have altered responses to ultraviolet (UV) and/or ionizing radiation damage. The use of rodent mutant cell lines has greatly accelerated progress in isolating characterizing human DNA repair genes. This advance results from several genetic properties of the hamster cell lines (particularly CHO cells), including their ability to integrate relatively large quantities of foreign DNA. A considerable variety of interesting mutants have been obtained in V79 hamster cells. However, as yet there is insufficient knowledge of this cell line to know whether mutant derivatives will be efficient recipients for gene transfer.
Detection of Pinhole Defects in Optical Film using Thermography and Artificial Neural Network

Optical film provides anti-glare, anti-reflective, and protective features for cell phones and electronic displays such as LCD screens. Due to increased use of optical film, it is challenging for manufacturers to increase their efficiency in producing better quality films. Even a micro scratch in a high-end application of film can lead to a total failure of the display. Optical and visual methods are typically employed to detect defects, but these methods have limitations such as viewing angle artifacts and design of proper illumination source. This paper describes research to utilize artificial neural networks as a non-destructive defect detection model for predicting the presence of pinhole defects in film. An infrared camera captured the thermal response of optical film subjected to heating and cooling. Pinhole defects of various sizes (0.03mm, 0.08mm, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm) were investigated. Pinhole defects are one of the most common types of optical film defects. For the process of identification, thermal differences of defective and defect-free regions were investigated. An Artificial Neural Network was trained to use average absolute temperature difference and cooling rate to predict the presence of a defect. The ANN model was trained and verified using separate data sets. The ANN model was able to classify defective and non-defective samples with a 77.8% accuracy rate. The regression coefficient was 0.5874. These results suggest that artificial neural networks can be used for detecting pinhole defects.
A national survey of public views about the classification of obesity as a disease.

Objective In 2013, the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease. This study assessed public opinions about this disease classification. Methods In January 2014, a national sample of 1118 adults completed surveys assessing their agreement with 33 statements in support of and against the disease classification of obesity, as well as measures assessing sociodemographic characteristics. Results The majority of participants (51-61.7%) agreed with 11 of 17 statements in support of the disease classification of obesity (average agreement across all statements = 51%), including views that it will help people gain access to obesity treatment. A minority of participants (31-47.3%) agreed with 15 of 16 statements against the disease classification (average agreement across statements = 39.5%), including views that it will increase overreliance on medications or surgery to treat obesity (47.3%). Participants' attitudes were unaffected by sex, income, education, or health status but were related to causal beliefs about obesity. The disease classification received more support from African Americans and more opposition by individuals with higher weight stigma. Conclusions This study found more public agreement supporting the disease classification of obesity than opposing it. Further work should identify whether this classification affects health behaviors among individuals with obesity or societal weight stigmatization.
Comparing Two Forms of an E-mail Survey: Embedded vs Attached:

After this paper reviews the literature on online surveys, it describes an experiment that compares an embedded e-mail survey with an attached e-mail survey. The embedded survey yielded a significa...
中国过于宽泛的内幕交易执法制度 - 立法授权和监管机构实践 (China's Overbroad Insider Trading Enforcement Regime -- Statutory Authorization and Agency Practice)

The English version of this article can be found at: ssrn.com/abstract=2007287Chinese Abstract: 本文是对一介绍中华人民共和国内幕交易的法律和现实中中国国内资本市场打击内幕交易的执法行动的英文章节的中文译本。本章着重于中国证券监管者根据内部监管指引所创立的极其宽泛的内幕交易责任范围。 其范围明显背离2006 年中国证券法所禁止的狭窄的内幕交易范围。尽管证券法了建立一个相对狭窄的传统/诚信义务和非法获取责任理论的组合，监管机构 指引在正式文本和实际应用中都确保交易者对在仅仅拥有内幕信息时进行交易负有责任。本文以 对这一问题对中国本身不断增长的资本市场及其监管和其作为全球市场一部分的意义的思考作为结论。 英文原文 （"Punishing Possession - China's All-Embracing Insider Trading Enforcement Regime"）发表于"Research Handbook On Insider Trading", Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, MA, Research Handbooks in Corporate Law and Governance, 327-46 (Stephen Bainbridge, ed., 2013).English Abstract: Chinese translation of an English language chapter that presents a general introduction to the law of insider trading in the People's Republic of China, and the reality of enforcement against insider trading in China's domestic capital markets. The chapter focuses on the extremely broad scope of insider trading liability created under internal administrative guidance formulated by the Chinese securities regulator, which departs significantly from the more narrowly-drawn insider trading prohibition established in China's 2006 Securities Law. Although the statute establishes a relatively narrow combination of the classical/fiduciary duty plus misappropriation theories for liability, the agency guidance -- formally and in application -- assures liability for trading when merely in possession of inside information. The paper concludes with a meditation on what this problem might mean for China's growing capital markets and regulation of them, in isolation and as those markets become ever more integrated with global markets. The original English version of the writing was published as "Punishing Possession - China's All-Embracing Insider Trading Enforcement Regime" in "Research Handbook On Insider Trading", Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, MA, Research Handbooks in Corporate Law and Governance, 327-46 (Stephen Bainbridge, ed., 2013).
Dutch Culture in the Golden Age. By J. L. Price. (London, England: Reaktion Books, 2011. Pp. 286. $39.95.)

In his 1974 Culture and Society in the Dutch Republic during the 17th Century and now in this new study, J. L. Price asks what sort of society generated the culture of the Dutch Republic? In seekin...
Relationship building and the use of Web sites: How Fortune 500 corporations use their Web sites to build relationships ☆

This study examines the dialogic features of corporate Web sites in order to determine the Web site practices of the corporations for building relationships with their publics. Content analysis of 100 Fortune 500 companies’ Web sites revealed that the corporations designed their Web sites to serve important publics and foster dialogic communication. The corporate Web sites appear to promote control mutuality, trust, satisfaction, openness, and intimacy. However, the corporations need to maintain repetitive interactions with their publics to enhance trust, commitment, and exchange relationship.
TempoMP: integrated prediction and management of temperature in heterogeneous MPSoCs

Heterogeneous Multi-Processor Systems on a Chip (MPSoCs) are more complex from a thermal perspective compared to the homogeneous MPSoCs because of their inherent imbalance in power density. In this work we develop TempoMP, a new technique for thermal management of heterogeneous MPSoCs which leverages multi-parametric optimization along with our novel thermal predictor, Tempo. TempoMP is able to deliver locally optimal dynamic thermal management decisions to meet thermal constraints while minimizing power and maximizing performance. It leverages our Tempo predictor which, unlike the previous techniques, can estimate the impact of future power state changes at negligible overhead. Our experiments show that compared to the state of the art, Tempo can reduce the maximum prediction error by up to an order of magnitude. Our experiments with heterogeneous MPSoCs also show that TempoMP meets thermal constraints while reducing the average task lateness by 2.5X and energy-lateness product by 5X compared to the state of the art techniques.
Three-dimensional mapping of airflow over dunes

Similar to the way a river, flowing across Earth's surface, influences sediment transport and shaping of the landscape, coastal winds, which flow over dunes, affect how the dune shapes evolve and how sand is transported along the coast. Wind flow over dunes has been extensively studied, but in most cases, that research has been two-dimensional and focused on straight dunes with smooth slopes and no vegetation or other features that might affect how airflow separates at the crest of the dune.
Evidence for density-dependent effects of infauna on sediment biogeochemistry and benthic-pelagic coupling in nearshore systems

Abstract We report results of a laboratory experiment that examines the effect of density-dependent interactions among infauna on organism–sediment–seawater relationships. The experiment includes a time series documentation of feeding behavior of the deposit- and suspension-feeding bivalve Macoma balthica , concurrent with measures of sediment biogeochemical processes that are affected by different feeding modes. We hypothesized that feeding behavior and emigration rates might shift with increasing density, and that these shifts would have cascading effects on benthic primary productivity, sediment–seawater exchanges, and porewater concentrations of ammonium and silicate. Macoma individuals were maintained in aquaria at three different densities (46, 230, and 460 individuals m −2 ) that fall within their natural abundances in the Chesapeake Bay. Individuals fed mostly on suspended material throughout the experiment, resorting to deposit feeding behavior only at the highest densities. Disturbances on the sediment surface during deposit feeding periods were not sufficient to impact benthic primary productivity and the associated interception effect of microalgae on sediment–seawater exchanges, as seen in previous studies. However, the bivalves impacted sediment fluxes directly through bioturbational activity, and these effects showed significant density interactions. For ammonium, fluxes ranged from 1.3 to 3.7 mmol m −2 d −1 and generally did not increase as a function of increasing Macoma density. Rather, highest fluxes generally were observed in intermediate density treatments. For silicate, a different trend was observed. Fluxes tended to parallel density, and ranged from 6.4 to 13.5 mmol m −2 d −1 , however, the relationship was not linear. These observations suggest that as infaunal density shifts, so does the balance of ammonium to silicate efflux. Thus, benthic population structure may impact water column processes not only through enhancing the flux, but also through alteration of elemental ratios. Experiments that uncover the strength of these interactions, and models that blend the actions of individuals, populations, and material components, would greatly enhance our understanding of the geochemistry of organism–sediment relations.
Geometries and entropies of metal trifluorides from infrared spectra: ScF3, YF3, LaF3, CeF3, NdF3, EuF3 and GdF3

Abstract The metal trifluorides of Sc, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Eu and Gd have been isolated in solid rare-gas and N 2 matrices and infrared absorption spectra obtained over the range 33–4000 cm −1 . All possible fundamental vibration frequencies were observed for the trifluorides of La, Ce, Nd, Eu and Gd, indicating a non-planar C 3 ν structure. The symmetric stretch frequency, ν 1 , indicative of C 3 ν symmetry, was also observed for YF 3 , though less obviously due to matrix effects. For ScF 3 no distinct ν 1 frequency was observed under normal isolation conditions, which suggests either a D 3 h or nearly planar C 3 ν geometry for this species. For CeF 3 and NdF 3 , absorptions not attributable to vibrations of these species were assigned as possible electronic spectra. From the observed frequencies, entropies were calculated to an uncertainty of 1 cal/deg mol, which allowed discrepancies in existing thermodynamic data to be resolved. For ScF 3 , where the symmetry is indefinite, the uncertainty is 2.5 cal/deg mol. Matrix diffusion experiments revealed the formation of dimer species which appear to be isostructural with those of the Group IIIA halides. Unusual matrix effects were interpreted in terms of molecular orientation effects and a possible weak bonding of N 2 to ScF 3 .
Use of antibiotics in the treatment of mandible fractures: a systematic review.

Purpose The use of prophylactic antibiotics in the treatment of mandible fractures is common practice. The evidence supporting this practice has not been formally assessed for quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this empirically. Materials and Methods Randomized and nonrandomized trials evaluating the possible impact of the prophylactic use of antibiotics in patients with mandible fractures were identified. Data were extracted on characteristics of studies and patients, including treatment, fracture location, time from injury to treatment, antibiotics used (type, route, dosage, duration), and complications (infection, malunion, reoperation). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were further evaluated for issues of reported methodological quality. Results There were 31 eligible studies (5,437 patients). Of these, 9 were prospective RCTs; the remaining 22 were retrospective case series. Information about the time between injury and definite treatment was provided by 10 studies (31%). The type of antibiotic used was not defined in 13 of 31 studies (42%). Half of the studies (15 of 31 [48%]) did not describe the route of administration and did not comment on the duration of the antibiotic course. The vast majority (23 of 31 [74%]) did not describe the dosage of the antibiotics used. Most of the RCTs were small, had not adequately described the mode of randomization, and did not present intention-to-treat analyses. None of them presented power calculations or ensured allocation concealment. There was not a single mention about number needed to treat. The amount and quality of the available data precluded formal quantitative synthesis, despite scattered signals that prophylactic antibiotics may be better than nothing in preventing infection. Conclusion The overall evidence to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics in mandible fractures is of poor quality. Large RCTs are needed to guide clinical practice.
Excess Gibbs free energy of mixing in some hydrocarbon+alcohol solutions by Rayleigh light scattering☆

Abstract The Rayleigh light scattering and depolarization were measured for t -pentyl alcohol and n -hexyl alcohol over the temperature range 25 to 45 °C at the 436 and 546 nm wavelengths. The isothermal compressibilities were estimated from the isotropic scattering. A study of the anisotropic scattering indicates that there is no change in the liquid structuring in the temperature range studied. The density, Rayleigh scattering, and depolarization were determined for three hydrocarbon+alcohol solutions at 30 °C at the 436 and 546 nm wavelengths. The scattering due to concentration fluctuations was resolved from the isotropic scattering and used to calculate the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing of the solutions. The excess free energies of benzene+ t -pentyl alcohol, toluene+ t -pentyl alcohol, and benzene+ n -hexyl alcohol solutions were found to be positive and nearly symmetrical with values of 244, 228, and 207 cal mol −1 , respectively, at mole fraction 0.5. Solution densities were measured at 30 °C; excess volumes of mixing were calculated and found to be positive for the three solutions.
Studies of 30 S Escherichia coli ribosome reassembly using individual proteins labeled with an environmentally sensitive fluorescent probe

Covalent fluorescent derivatives of a number of 30 S Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins have been prepared with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. These will successfully reassemble back into active 30 S ribosomes with normal sedimentation properties. Direct monitoring of the time course of fluorescence permits an analysis of the kinetics of reassembly with four individual labeled proteins, S5, S7, S8, S9. The assembly is apparent first-order. Similar rate constants were obtained in all four cases suggesting that the rate-limiting step is a co-operative folding or organization of many proteins. The effect of deleting various proteins on the fluorescence of reassembled 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-containing particles was studied. Results suggest that S10 protein plays a critical role in determining acquisition of proper structure in the neighborhood of S5. Reassociation of fluorescent labeled 30 S particles with 50 S to form 70 S ribosomes occurred with little or no fluorescence change in all cases examined. However, marked effects were seen when iodide quenching was used to examine the reassociation. As one might expect, quite a few 30 S proteins are rendered less accessible to collisional quenching by solute ions in the presence of the 50 S. However two proteins, S16 and S20 appear to be more accessible in the 70 S particle than in the free 30 S subunit. This adds to the growing body of evidence that association of ribosomal subunits involves a substantial reorganization of the 30 S particle.
PACS at Penn

History: Our experience with Medical Image Management Systems (MIMS, also called PACS) began in 1982 with the creation of a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) unit. This DSA system was built utilizing a DeAnza image array processor with boards fabricated by our staff to interface with a Siemens angiography room. Because of the need to transmit and eventually store very large image files on a remote computer, we designed and fabricated a point-to-point fiber-optic link [82-ARENA. This device was later marketed by Canoga Systems and was an important contribution to the design of commercial fiber-optic networks. Recognizing the importance of a versatile Radiology Information System (RIS) and its critical inter-relationship to a MIMS, some very early work on RIS design was carried out [79-ARENA, [79.B-AREN ], [84-AREN ].
Retinoid effect on calcium, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase from mouse skin

Abstract Calcium, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) was partially purified from skin of hairless mice. This enzyme activity was stimulated 6- to 15-fold in the presence of calcium and either diolein (DO), phosphatidyl serine (PS), or a mixture of the two. Tumor promoter, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), also activated the enzyme either in the presence or in the absence of PS. β-Carotene, retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, etretinate (trimethyl methoxyphenyl analog of retinoic acid), and isotretinoin (13- cis -retinoic acid) were tested for their effects on enzyme activity. Retinoic acid, etretinate, and isotretinoin stimulated enzyme activity in the absence of PS-DO, but inhibited PS-DO stimulated activity. The remaining compounds had no significant effect of C-kinase. In the presence of PS alone, these 3 retinoids had no effect on enzyme activity whereas retinoic acid and isotretinoin exhibited a dual effect of C-kinase in the presence of DO alone. Although the active retinoids seem to compete for binding sites on the enzyme with DO, the overall interaction among retinoids, DO, PS, and PMA appears to be more complex.