cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Skin substitutes for burn wound healing: current and future approaches

Partial-thickness burn wounds can heal spontaneously, but full-thickness burns require skin grafting for definitive wound closure. Historically, the gold standard for closure of excised full-thickness burns is split-thickness skin autograft. Patients with very large burns have limited donor sites for harvesting of autograft and may benefit from the use of skin substitutes. Engineered skin substitutes that may provide temporary wound coverage until donor sites are ready to be reharvested for autograft, or if they contain autologous cells, may provide permanent wound closure. Relatively few permanent skin substitutes are currently available, but developments in tissue engineering of human skin are expected to soon provide improved models for increased availability and enhanced healing of burn wounds
Abstract A7: Targeting mutant p53 and cell-cell adhesion in ovarian cancer

One of the most important challenges in the ovarian cancer research is to identify new molecular pathways that can be targeted to kill ovarian cancer cells. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGS-OvCa) cells survive, proliferate, and assemble into multicellular clusters that have a capacity to disseminate within the peritoneum. Therefore, it is important to identify specific molecular mechanisms that can be targeted to block survival, growth, and assembly of ovarian cancer multicellular clusters that metastasize within peritoneum. High-grade ovarian tumors originate from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) and almost all have mutations in theTP53 gene. The contribution of various mutant p53 proteins (m-p53) to ovarian cancer and whether targeting mutant p53 –dependent molecular mechanisms in ovarian cancer is poorly understood and of clinical significance. We have developed new methodologies and used them to identify m-p53-dependent pathways that support HGS-OvCa survival, proliferation and assembly of multicellular aggregates under condition mimicking peritoneal suspension. To determine whether mutations in TP53 contribute to the ability of HGS-OvCa cells to survive, proliferate, and assemble into multicellular clusters we introduced different variants of mutant p53 (m-p53) into normal human non-transformed FTE cells. We found that expression of m-p53 variants (R175H; R249S; R273H) in FTE cells promoted survival, growth, and assembly of multicellular clusters under conditions mimicking peritoneal suspension. Interestingly m-p53-driven phenotypes were not induced by the loss of p53 expression; and more importantly, these phenotypes were blocked by the reactivation of p53 pathway with small molecule inhibitor NSC319726. We further found that m-p53 induced phenotypes were dependent on the expression of integrin β 1 (ITGB1). The evidence that activated ITGB1 is enriched at cell9s surface of precursors of HGS-OvCa within the fallopian tube and HGS-OvCa isolated from ovarian cancer patients highlighted the relevance of these findings to ovarian cancer. We hypothesize that mutant p53 supports survival, growth, and assembly of multicellular HGS-OvCa clusters through mechanisms in which ITGB1 plays a critical role. Our data indicate that observed phenotypes are the consequence of the m-p53 gain of function mechanisms that are amenable to therapeutic inhibitions and targeting m-p53 in HGS-OvCa might be of clinical significance. Citation Format: Marcin P. Iwanicki, Marian Novak, Ioannis K. Zervantonakis, Tan A. Ince, Ronny Drapkin, Joan S. Brugge. Targeting mutant p53 and cell-cell adhesion in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A7.
Studies on lipid and fatty acid composition of human hepatoma tissue

Studies are reported on the composition of the lipids of human liver and hepatoma tissues from male adults. Liver tissues were obtained from individuals who died from causes other than liver disease or cancer. The hepatoma tissues were obtained from individuals shortly after they succumbed to cancer. The total lipid of each tissue was fractionated quantitatively by silicic acid column chromatography into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. These fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and converted to methyl esters for analysis of their constituent fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography. In comparison to liver tissue, the total amount of lipid in the hepatoma tissues was generally higher and more variable; the lipid of one hepatoma was ca. 92% of the dry wt of the tissue. The greater lipid content of the hepatoma tissues was due to the high percentage of neutral lipid. Except for one specimen, there was ca. the same amount of glycolipid in the hepatoma as in the liver tissues, but the composition of the glycolipid fraction of the hepatoma lipid differed considerably, particularly in the ganglioside fraction. The phospholipid fraction of hepatoma lipid was much lower than that of liver but exhibited only quantitative differences in composition. No glyceryl ether diesters and only traces of plasmalogens of phosphatidyl choline or phosphatidyl ethanolamine were detected in the liver and hepatoma lipids. The levels of monoenoic acids were higher and those of linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids lower in the hepatoma lipids. Positional isomers of trienoic acids not normally present in liver tissue were detected in hepatoma lipids. The abnormalities observed in lipid composition indicated interferences in the regulatory processes of lipid metabolism in human hepatoma similar to those observed in animals.
On the various forms of the conservation equations in two-phase flow

Abstract The conservation equations for one-dimensional two-phase flow are derived from first principles. The effects of the radial distributions of velocities, enthalpies, and void fraction are taken into account through the use of correlation coefficients. Several simplified separated-flow model formulations that have appeared in the literature are derived from these equations by specializing the values of the correlation coefficients. The equivalence of these formulations under certain assumptions is demonstrated. Finally, new Lagrangian forms of the conservation equations, written in terms of the velocities of the center of mass, momentum, and energy are presented.
Pharmacokinetics of doxylamine, a component of Bendectin, in the rhesus monkey.

The elimination of doxylamine and metabolites was determined after iv administration of [14C]doxylamine succinate at 0.7 and 13.3 mg/kg to the adult female rhesus monkey. Although the total recovery of radioactivity was the same for the low-and high-dose studies (90.2%), the rate of plasma elimination of doxylamine and its demethylated metabolite (desmethyldoxylamine) was slower for the high dose group. The 24 hr urinary excretion of doxylamine metabolites, desmethyl- and didesmethyldoxylamine, was significantly increased and the polar doxylamine metabolites were significantly decreased as the iv doxylamine succinate dose was increased. The plasma elimination of gas chromatograph (GC)-detected doxylamine was determined after oral administration of Bendectin® (doxylamine succinate and pyridoxine hydrochloride) at 7, 13.3, and 27 mg/kg to adult female rhesus monkeys. As the dose increased, the clearance of doxylamine decreased. A statistically evaluated fit of the oral data to a single-compartment, parallel first-order elimination model and a single-compartment, parallel first- and second-order (Michaelis-Menten) elimination model indicated that the more complex model containing the second-order process was most consistent with the observed elimination data.
“Broader Curricular Issues” in Physics: Technology, History, Science, Society

A dilemma now faces many physics teachers: how to meet the demand, made both on humanistic and practical grounds, for courses which extend the physics curriculum beyond physics by relating it to human affairs. Can physics teachers qualify to teach such courses? What should they teach? This article describes the dilemma and presents one such experimental course, “Science and Technology in Society,” offered in the physics department at Rutgers.
Macroaneurysms of the Retinal Arteries

In a study of the natural course and risk factors leading to visual impairment from retinal arterial macroaneurysms in 40 eyes (35 patients), we used a simple classification based on the anatomic location of the macroaneurysm and complicating factors. Group A included 17 eyes in which the exudate, edema, hemorrhage, or aneurysm (or a combination of these) was located within the vascular arcades and caused a decrease in central visual acuity. Group B included eight eyes in which the exudate, edema, hemorrhage, or aneurysm (or a combination of these) was located within the vascular arcades but did not cause a decrease in central visual acuity. Group C included 15 eyes in which the exudate, edema, hemorrhage, or aneurysm (or a combination of these) was located peripheral to the vascular arcades. Eyes in Group A with recent visual symptoms had an uncertain prognosis and some were treated; eyes in Group B had a more favorable prognosis but required careful periodic examinations; and eyes in Group C had a favorable prognosis and almost always did well without treatment. Eyes with macroaneurysms hemorrhaging into the vitreous or under the inner limiting lamina also tended to recover.
Founding Team Capabilities and New Venture Performance: The Mediating Role of Strategic Positional Advantages:

This study conceptualizes founding team human capital with three multi–item scales that are related to critical functional areas in new service ventures: marketing capabilities, market–linking capa...
If Mothers Had Their Say: Research Informed Intervention Design for Empowering Mothers to Establish Smoke-Free Homes

The Empowering Mothers to Establish Smoke-free Homes (EMESH) project developed in response to an interdisciplinary health team seeking effective interventions for reducing/eliminating the environmental tobacco smoke exposure of infants with compromised respiratory status. Two study phases that informed the EMESH intervention design are described. Phase I involved semi-structured interviews with 20 caretakers of infants diagnosed with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). In Phase II, 75 randomly selected medical records of infants with BPD were reviewed to explore the family demographics and staff behavior regarding environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) interventions. Interview results suggest that families are open to partnering with social workers and interdisciplinary team members in addressing infants’ ETS exposure, families’ unique circumstances indicate a need for tailored interventions, and the use of self-efficacy and decisional balance tools are feasible options. Results from the medical records review i...
Hysteresis effects in instantaneous frequency scaling of attenuation on 20 and 30 GHz satellite links

It has been observed with 20/30 GHz satellite beacon measurements that the ratio of 30 GHz to 20 GHz attenuation changes during some fade events. This ratio displays a hysteresis effect. This effect can be explained by a change in the drop size distribution (DSD) during the event. However, it appears only above approximately 6-8 dB of attenuation at 20 GHz. Instantaneous frequency scaling of attenuation is being proposed as part of an algorithm for uplink power control (ULPC) and the dynamic range of such an algorithm must be appropriately limited to avoid the hysteresis.
Mitigation of network tampering using dynamic dispatch of mobile agents

Detection of malicious activity by insiders, people with legitimate access to resources and services, is particularly difficult in a network environment. In this paper, a novel classification of tampering modes is identified that can be undertaken by insiders against network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). Five categories of tampering modes are defined as spoofing, termination, sidetracking, alteration of internal data, and selective deception. These are further distinguished specifically toward IDS sensor, control, and alarm categories such as spoonfeeding, sugarcoating, and scapegoating. The Collaborative Object Notification Framework for Insider Defense using Autonomous Network Transactions, or CONFIDANT, uses distributed mobile agents to mitigate these tampering exposures. CONFIDANT employs techniques such as encapsulation, redundancy, scrambling, and mandatory obsolescence. This paper describes how these mitigation techniques are applied within the CONFIDANT framework. The approach focuses on evaluating file integrity through the use of dynamically dispatched mobile agents.
Multicriteria facility layout problem: An integrated approach

Abstract In this paper, a facility layout problem with multiple criteria is addressed. Three consecutive submodels for solving the problem are integrated and presented hierarchically. We first use the analytic hierarchy process to tackle the qualitative aspect of the facility layout problem. As a result, a relative weight for each qualitative criterion and a closeness rating matrix are obtained. We then formulate a multiple objective Quadratic Assignment Problem to combine the qualitative and quantitative objects. The weights of both the qualitative as well as the quantitative factors are included in the model. The transformation constant, which is used to transform the closeness rating scale to correspond with the work flow volume, is also included. Finally, we use the simulated annealing search technique to find a near optimal solution.
Importance of Physical Properties of the Human Head on Head-Neck Injury Metrics

Objectives: To demonstrate the importance of using specimen-specific head physical properties in head-neck dynamics. Methods: Eight postmortem human subjects were subjected to side impact. A 9-axis accelerometer package was used to obtain head translational accelerations. After test, the head was isolated at the skull base, circumference, breadth, and length were obtained, and mass, center of gravity, and occipital condylar locations and moments of inertia were determined. Using specimen-specific and gathered accelerations, 3-dimensional head center of gravity accelerations and forces and moments at the occipital condyles were computed. Head physical properties were also extracted from regression equations using external dimensions of each subject. Using these properties and gathered kinematics, above-described accelerations and forces and moments were computed and compared with specimen-specific results. Results: Head masses predicted by stature and total body mass were more in close agreement with speci...
The denigration of dark skin vis-à-vis western civilization: evolution of an African pathology

The denigration of dark skin in Western civilization is an evolution of African pathology in the post-modern era. At the dawn of civilization depiction of Africans was in fact quite favorable to dark skin. Following the Atlantic slave trade the West utilized science and religion to justify exploitation of African peoples vis-a-vis denigration of dark skin. To the extent of Western influence persons of African descent in the modern era have internalized Western ideals. In the aftermath are skin bleaching and various other manifestations of pathology. Psychologists who engage persons of African descent must address the skin color issue to enable the therapeutic process. IFE PsychologIA Vol. 13(2) 2005: 138-149
Structure of a Reduced Nickel(II) Tetradentate Macrocycle

THE Ni(II) complex of the macrocycle ligand I (CR) can be reduced catalytically with hydrogen to the system shown in II (reduced ligand, CRH)1. We were interested in determining the structure of this reduced nickel macrocycle because of the various possible isomers that can exist for the reduced macrocycle. The isomers originate from both the positions of the methyl groups arid the positions of the three hydrogens of the NH system. The various isomers are stable species because the lone pairs of the nitrogen atoms are used in bonding with the nickel atom. The fourteen possible geometric isomers of Ni(CRH)2+ are schematically shown in Fig. 1.
Self-Passivating hybrid (organic/inorganic) tandem solar cell

A tandem photovoltaic device structure, consisting of a PbSe nanocrystal film and a P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction film, was fabricated. The PbSe film (top layer) serves as a photocurrent generator as well as a UV protector for the underlying polymer cell. The P3HT/PCBM photovoltaic cell (bottom layer) provides the necessary electric field to the top photoconducting layer to extract the photogenerated charge from that layer. The charge extraction from the PbSe layer is demonstrated by using light-biased spectral response measurements. In addition, device lifetime measurements were performed under AM 1.5 and UV-enhanced illumination on the tandem cell and on a control P3HT/PCBM device. These measurements demonstrated that the hybrid tandem cell is significantly more durable due to the preferential UV absorption in the upper inorganic PbSe nanocrystal film.
cis-Acting Elements of the Encephalomyocarditis Virus Internal Ribosomal Entry Site

Abstract Translation initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) mRNA occurs by ribosomal entry into the 5′ untranslated region. Internal ribosome binding to EMCV mRNA requires a viral cis -acting element, termed the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), and cellular trans -acting factors. The polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) has been identified as one such trans -acting factor required for EMCV IRES-dependent translation. Using a dicistronic mRNA and an in vitro translation system, we have identified cis -acting elements of the EMCV IRES required for IRES-dependent translation. The results identify several regions of the IRES that are required for efficient IRES-dependent translation, including the PTB binding site. Other regions of the IRES may act only as spacer sequences, analogous to the spacer sequences found in rhinovirus and enterovirus IRES elements, to link essential regions of the IRES together. The flexibility of one region of the EMCV IRES was demonstrated by an insertion of 125 nucleotides that had little effect on IRES function while the constraint imposed on another region was demonstrated by a 3-nucleotide deletion that nearly abolished IRES-dependent translation.
Digital filters in behavioral research.

Behavioral control is almost always less than perfect. Rate of response is rarely as constant as it could be even when the greatest care is given to experimental procedures. Experimenters should always attempt to identify the causes of variation. Some fluctuations in response rate will be random, i.e., sometimes positive and sometimes negative, usually small but occasionally large. Digital filters are objective methods for reducing or eliminating such unsystematic “noise” components while preserving the systematic changes in response rate under study. Digital filters function in a manner that is strictly analogous to electronic filters. The major purpose of this technical note is to describe digital filters and to provide an example of their usage.
Cerebral hemorrhage in alloimmune thrombocytopenia

Intracranial hemorrhages are rare in term infants. We describe such an infant born with multiple foci of intraparenchymal hemorrhage in various stages of maturation, caused by maternal platelet-specific anti-P1A1 antibodies that were delivered transplacentally to the developing fetus.
PRODUCTION OF GROWTH SUBSTANCE BY BACTERIA IN MEDIA CONTAINING SPECIFIC ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS

THE FORMATION of growth-promoting substance (auxin) by microorganisms has been observed in recent years by a number of investigators, but comparatively little knowledge exists concerning the relationship between definite compounds present in the substrate and elaboration of these special substances. In this study pure cultures of Aerobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli were grown in synthetic media containing single amino acids2 or inorganic salts as the only source of nitrogen. After periods of incubation, the cultures were tested for growth substance according to a standard Avena coleoptile curvature method commonly used for detection of phytohormones causing cell enlargement. METHODS.-The culture medium employed for growing the bacteria was glycerol agar made up according to the formula used by Koser and Rettger (1919). Its constitution is as follows: NaCi, 5.0 g.; MgSO4, 0.2 g.; CaCl2, 0.1 g.; KH2PO4, 1.0 g.; K2HPO4, 1.0 g.; glycerol, 30.0 g.; distilled water, 1,000 g. Sufficient agar was added to make a 2 per cent mixture. Nitrogen was supplied to the cultures by adding a single amino acid to the substrate at the rate of 1 gram per 1,000 cc. of medium. In experiments with inorganic sources of nitrogen the composition of the medium was similar, but 1 gram of NH4Cl or of KNO3 was used per liter, and 4.0 grams of NaCl were added instead of 5.0 grams per liter. All media were put into pyrex culture tubes and sterilized in an autoclave. Only 2 cc. of medium were used in each tube, and the agar was allowed to solidify in an extremely slanted position, so as to permit considerable aeration of the culture during the period of growth. The tubes were inoculated from ordinary nutrient agar slant cultures of A. aerogenes and E. coli, using a small amount of inoculum. The inoculated tubes were kept in a moist incuw bator at 33.0?C. for about two or four weeks. Sterile tubes of media were held as controls along with the cultures. During the period of incubation, some of the cultures developed pronounced colors and heavy growths of bacteria, while others remained less colored or showed less growth. At the time selected for making tests for growth substance, agar slants containing the bacteria as well as sterile control tubes of the same media were melted in a water bath, and from each sample agar plates were cast in a brass mold. Great care was exercised in keeping all preparations clean and free from contamination during the testing procedure. The standard size
Status of the isotope enrichment program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Abstract The objectives of the isotope enrichment program at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory are to prepare and distribute electromagnetically separated stable isotopes to the research, medical and industrial communities on a worldwide basis. Topics discussed in this presentation include (1) a review of facility modifications, (2) current facility capabilities, (3) enrichment processes, and (4) final product distribution. An update on alternative separations methods to augment the electromagnetic separations process is covered, as well as special services that are available for providing custom materials to meet special applications. Recent changes in U.S. Department of Energy policy that impact the nation's isotope and isotope-related programs are summarized, with special emphasis on the effects on isotope enrichment, radioisotope production, target fabrication, pricing, and marketing and distribution of stable isotopes.
Development of a flow injection analysis mediated biosensor for sulfite

Abstract Among several mediators tested including N,N,N′,N′ -tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chloride hexahydrate and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, an organic conducting salt of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) was selected to form a mediated biosensor for sulfite in view of its superior mediating capability to sulfite oxidase. The conducting TCNQ/TTF organic salt and sulfite oxidase were sequentially deposited onto the sensing area of a vitreous carbon electrode which was then covered by a dialysis membrane (MW cut-off 6000–8000). The mediated TCNQ/TTF working electrode was used in connection with flow injection analysis for the determination of sulfite. The linear range of the system was 0 to 5 mM with a detection limit of 5 μM. The electrode achieved 90% of maximum response in 20 s, but required 10 min to return to baseline. The system was tested for 55 repeated analyses during 26 h of continuous operation with no loss of activity. Electrodes bearing both the conducting salt and sulfite oxidase stored in 3 M ammonium sulfate and at 4°C retained 100% of their original activity after 2 months. The biosensor system was applicable for the determination of sulfite in wine, beer and dried fruit samples and the data obtained agreed very well with the pararosaniline reference method.
Extensibility and Recovery in a Crystalline-Rubbery-Crystalline Triblock Copolymer

The synthesis, morphological characterization, and deformation behavior of a triblock copolymer containing linear polyethylene (LPE) end blocks and a hydrogenated polyhexylnorbornene (hPHN) midbloc...
Nursing home complaints: who's complaining and what's gender got to do with it?

Abstract Long Term Care Ombudsman Complaint data from one state's 261 nursing homes are examined in the study. We assessed differences between male and female groups, including chiefly residents, but also ombudsmen, the residents' relatives or friends, administrators, legal representatives, and others regarding types and rates of complaints as reported in the Administration on Aging (AoA) major categories of: Resident Care, Resident Rights, Administration, Quality of Life and Complaints Not Against Facility. Proportionately, male residents lodged more complaints than females. Further, males complained more than females about Resident Rights violations and filed more Complaints Not Against Facility. Females lodged significantly more complaints about Care, Quality of Life and Administration. Thas males were more likely to report technical, impersonal, and legalistic issues, than females, who were more likely to express concerns about personal care and socio-emotional-environmental issues. Results yielded fu...
Using multi-dimensional analysis to explore cross-linguistic universals of register variation

Multi-Dimensional analyses have been conducted for many different discourse domains and many different languages. Using bottom-up statistical analyses, these studies have investigated specific patterns of register variation in several different discourse domains of English, as well as the more general patterns of register variation in many different languages. Each study identifies linguistic dimensions that are peculiar to that particular language/domain. However, the more theoretically interesting finding is that linguistically similar dimensions emerge in nearly all of these studies. Two of these dimensions are especially robust, making them strong candidates for universal dimensions of register variation: 1) a fundamental opposition between clausal/‘oral’ discourse vs. phrasal/‘literate’ discourse, and 2) the opposition between narrative vs. non-narrative discourse. The present paper introduces the methodology of Multi-Dimensional analysis and surveys the research studies carried out to date, with an emphasis on these potentially universal patterns of register variation.
AMERICAN JEWISH EDUCATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

(1998). AMERICAN JEWISH EDUCATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. Journal of Jewish Education: Vol. 64, No. 1-2, pp. 8-21.
Dynamic deformation experiments on aortic tissue.

A simple experimental scheme is described for the determination of the dynamic stress-strain relations for fresh aortic tissue within the range of strain rates up to 3·5 sec−1. This is the first such work known to the authors in this dynamic range, and is considered a necessary step toward a quantitative study of traumatic rupture of the aorta. The results indicate a definite stiffening of the tissue with increasing rates of strain; the stress-strain law exhibits an exponential character.
The phase composition of Triton's polar caps

Triton's polar caps are modeled as permanent nitrogen deposits hundreds of meters thick. Complex temperature variations on Triton's surface induce reversible transitions between the cubic and hexagonal phases of solid nitrogen, often with two coexisting propagating transition fronts. Subsurface temperature distributions are calculated using a two-dimensional thermal model with phase changes. The phase changes fracture the upper nitrogen layer, increasing its reflectivity and thus offering an explanation for the surprisingly high southern polar cap albedo (approximately 0.8) seen during the Voyager 2 flyby. The model has other implications for the phase transition phenomena on Triton, such as a plausible mechanism for the origin of geyser-like plume vent areas and a mechanism of energy transport toward them.
Notes on Bursera in South America, including a new species. Studies in neotropical Burseraceae. VII

Bursera inversa is the first new species of the genus to be described from South America in 90 years. The ecology of this species is remarkable because it is a large (to 25 m × 40 cm or greater) canopy tree of primary moist to wet lowland forest. It is easily distinguished from its congeners by its large, obovoid fruits and bony pyrene. A key to the South American species ofBursera is provided.
Thermomagnetic surgery for cancer

Thermomagnetic Surgery is a unique technique that takes advantage of the phenomenon of hysteresis heating of a ferromagnetic material to produce intense but controlled temperatures within solid organs or tumors to cause coagulation necrosis. By controlling the power of the electromagnetic coil system, the degree of heating of the tumor can be controlled through temperature monitoring that allows limitation of the area of destruction to the disease process and avoids damage to surrounding structures. If the ferromagnetic material is delivered by the arterial route to the tumor or organ, there is an additional beneficial effect of ischemic necrosis of the tissue and in time more concentration of the ferromagnetic particles. This new technique is applicable to selected cases of human cancer because no ill effect has been shown to exposure of the electromagnetic field or the ferromagnetic material in experimental animals.
Effects of coking on the transport properties of H-mordenite☆

Abstract An experimental study of the relationships between coke content, catalyst activity, and intraparticle diffusivity is reported for cumene cracking on a commercial H-mordenite. Coking conditions were varied from 230 to 350 °C at space velocities from 0.20 to 0.65 wt/hr/wt and time on stream up to 6 hr. Effective diffusivities of the catalysts were found to decrease by over a factor of 2 during the coking process and are nonlinearly related to the coke level, independent of the temperature of coking. Under conditions of strong diffusion limitation, this change in diffusivity alters the catalytic effectiveness in proportion to the square root of the diffusivity ratio, ( D eff D 0 eff ) 1 2 .
Strain-based failure criteria for steel containments

Abstract The Containment Integrity Division of the Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) has been conducting a program to evaluate the performance of containment buildings with internal pressure. Sandia has suggested that in the absence of leakage past penetrations, containment buildings will fail by rupturing after large plastic strains are developed up to ultimate strain of the material. This paper represents a portion of work conducted at Ames Laboratory for Sandia, the objective of which was to identify fabrication details that may affect the performance of a containment building. Construction drawings for nine steel containment buildings were surveyed, and several significant strain concentration regions were identified by using recommendations from Sandia and Section NE-3217 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. These following regions were identified as: eccentricities in stiffener patterns around penetrations, eccentricities in containment shell middle surface, flat plate cover used on spare penetrations, containment base connection details, and containment heads. Examples of each of these regions were analyzed by the finite-element method, by simplified equations or both. In the case of middle surface eccentricities, the strains were found to be self-limiting. Even though flat plates have primary strains, they are typically designed so as not to control. Bolts in the base connection have primary strains and may control. The circumferential compressive strains introduced at the knuckle during buckling of the containment head grow as the pressure increases, but are somewhat restricted by the meridional tension. Finally, three analysis techniques and their associated failure criteria for the analysis of containment strength are introduced.
Direct evidence for fluid–solid transition of nanoconfined fluids

Atomistically detailed simulations provide direct and reliable evidence that sufficiently nanoconfined fluids undergo a rapid and abrupt first-order transition to an ordered solid-like structure.
One More Look at Social and Environmental Psychology: Away from the Looking Glass and into the Future

This paper examines the social-environmental psychology exchange which has appeared in recent issues of this publication. Specific attention is paid to the overlooked emerging areas of theory and research on the psychology of environmental concern. Over a dozen of these new topic areas are outlined. Finally, it is concluded that social psychologists, perhaps more than any other professional group, have much to offer in designing an environmentally benign future.
Pneumatic displacement of submacular hemorrhage.

Patients with thick submacular hemorrhage complicating age-related macular degeneration and other disorders typically have a poor visual prognosis. A new outpatient procedure, consisting of intravitreal injection of tissue plasminogen activator and gas followed by brief prone positioning, is effecti
Components of the porcine anterior pituitary insulin-like growth factor system throughout the estrous cycle

Components of the circulating and anterior pituitary insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system vary in response to steroids in pigs. However, whether serum and anterior pituitary concentrations of the IGF system vary throughout the estrous cycle has not been determined. To further examine this relationship, estrus was synchronized in 40 gilts of similar age and weight (180 d; 120 kg) by feeding 15 mg altrenogest for 15 d to synchronize estrus. Gilts were checked twice daily for expression of estrus beginning 3 d after the end of altrenogest treatment and continuing for 7 d. The first day each gilt exhibited estrus was designated as day 1 of the estrous cycle. Blood samples were obtained by jugular venipuncture on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22 of the estrous cycle. On days 7, 13, 19, and 22 of the estrous cycle 10 pigs were killed and anterior pituitary glands (AP) were collected. Serum concentrations of IGF-I and AP concentrations of IGF-I were determined by radioimmunoassay. Relative amounts of AP IGF binding protein (IGFBP) were determined by western ligand blot analysis. Relative expression of AP IGF-I, IGF-I receptor (IGF-I-R), gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR), and luteinizing hormone (LH)-β subunit were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Serum concentrations of IGF-I fluctuated throughout the estrous cycle. Mean serum concentrations of IGF-I decreased (P 0.05) in mean AP concentrations of IGF-I on days 7, 13, and 22. Mean relative amounts of AP IGFBP-2 and -5 were each greater (P 0.05) in mean relative amounts of AP IGFBP-2 and -5 among pigs on days 7, 13, and 22 of the estrous cycle. Relative expression AP IGF-I was greater (P < 0.05) on days 13, 19, and 22 than on day 7 of the estrous cycle. Similarly, the relative expression of AP IGF-IR was increased (P < 0.05) in gilts on days 13, 19, and 22 compared with day 7. The relative expression of GnRHR was greater (P < 0.05) on days 13 and 22 of the estrous cycle than on day 7. The relative expression of LHβ subunit was greater (P < 0.05) on day 19 of the estrous cycle than on days 7, 13, and 22. Anterior pituitary release of LH throughout the porcine estrous cycle may be modulated by changes in the intrapituitary IGF system.
Bioanalytical tools for single-cell study of exocytosis

Regulated exocytosis is a fundamental biological process used to deliver chemical messengers for cell-cell communication via membrane fusion and content secretion. A plethora of cell types employ this chemical-based communication to achieve crucial functions in many biological systems. Neurons in the brain and platelets in the circulatory system are representative examples utilizing exocytosis for neurotransmission and blood clotting. Single-cell studies of regulated exocytosis in the past several decades have greatly expanded our knowledge of this critical process, from vesicle/granule transport and docking at the early stages of exocytosis to membrane fusion and to eventual chemical messenger secretion. Herein, four main approaches that have been widely used to study single-cell exocytosis will be highlighted, including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, capillary electrophoresis, single-cell mass spectrometry, and microelectrochemistry. These techniques are arranged in the order following the route of a vesicle/granule destined for secretion. Within each section, the basic principles and experimental strategies are reviewed and representative examples are given revealing critical spatial, temporal, and chemical information of a secretory vesicle/granule at different stages of its lifetime. Lastly, an analytical chemist’s perspective on potential future developments in this exciting field is discussed.
Currents and fields of thin conductors in rf saddle coils.

The current distribution on thin conductors and rf field homogeneity for rf coils is described theoretically. After a pedagogical introduction to the techniques and an exact solution for the current or an isolated strip conductor, this article describes current distribution and field uniformity for a variety of conventional and quadrature rf coil designs. © 1986 Academic Press, Inc.
Defects in the developing cortical circuits of fmr1 mutant mice

In patients with Fragile X syndrome the fmr1 gene is silenced, leading to a lack of expression of the protein FMRP. The fmr1 knock-out (fmr1-KO) is an excellent model for this developmental disorder. Previous studies, have suggested that the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity are altered in these mice: LTD is enhanced in the hippocampus and cerebellum, while LTP is reduced in the neocortex. However, how these changes relate to changes in neuronal circuits is unknown. Defects in developmental synaptic plasticity could change the synaptic strength of specific projections and could also perturb synaptic stabilization/elimination. We analyzed the circuit development and developmental circuit plasticity of intracortical projections in the barrel cortex of fmr1-KO mice. To measure the structure of functional circuits we used laser scanning photo-stimulation. This technique measures the spatial distribution of presynaptic excitatory neurons of individual postsynaptic cells and hence, the structure of excitatory circuits. At postnatal days (PND) 13–15, the excitatory projections from layer (L) 4 stellate cells to L3 pyramidal cells located above barrels in L3 were weaker in fmr1-KO mice compare to their wt littermates. This circuit defect was accompanied by an abnormal morphology of L4 stellate cell axons, which formed spatially less focused forward projections in the fmr1-KO mice. Both, the circuit and structural phenotypes were developmentally transient and were highly attenuated by PND 19–22. We also studied experience-dependent plasticity induced by whisker trimming. In wild-type mice, early sensory deprivation induced a weakening of the L4 → L3 projections and, simultaneously, a strengthening of the L5A → L3 projections. In fmr1-KO mice, the weakening of L4 → L3 projections was abolished while the strengthening of L5A → L3 projections was maintained. These results demonstrate the importance of FMRP for the normal development and plasticity of specific synaptic projections, and suggest that altered neocortical circuits underlie the Fragile X syndrome.
Premature death associated with delirium at 1-year follow-up.

Background: While previous studies have demonstrated the increased mortality risk associated with delirium, little is known about the mortality time course. The objective of this study is to estimate the fraction of a year of life lost associated with delirium at 1-year follow-up. Methods:Hospitalized patients 70 years and older who participatedina previous controlled clinical trial of a delirium prevention intervention at an academic medical center from March 25, 1995, through March 18, 1998, were followed up for 1 year after discharge, and patients who died were identified, along with the date of death. Theadjustednumberofdayssurvivedwereestimatedusing a 2-step regression model approach and compared across patients who developed delirium during hospitalization and those who did not develop delirium. Results:Afteradjustingforpertinentcovariates(age,sex, functional status, and comorbidity), patients with delirium survived 274 days, compared with 321 days for patients without delirium, representing a difference of 13% of a year (hazard ratio, 1.62;P.001). Results were confirmed with a separate binomial regression analysis. Conclusions: Patients who experienced delirium during hospitalization had a 62% increased risk of mortality and lost an average of 13% of a year of life compared with patients without delirium. Although delirium is an acute condition, it is associated with multiple long-term sequelae that extend beyond the hospital setting, including premature mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1657-1662
Noise Figure Measurements with Automated System

Noise figure is becoming a more and more prevalent specification of devices, components and systems. Microprocessor controlled instrumentation, that performs the sequences of measurements and calculations necessary for accurate noise figure results, should fit in very well with automatic test equipment. The fundamentals of noise characterization will be discussed along with special requirements for automatic systems. Potential areas where automatic systems can make important contributions will be emphasized.
Placebo controlled trials in neuromyelitis optica are needed and ethical

Currently, there are no approved treatments for NMO. All therapeutic studies in NMO have been either small, retrospective case series or uncontrolled prospective studies. Such studies are susceptible to inherent biases. As a consequence, conclusions regarding efficacy and safety from these studies may be erroneous. The optimal method for assessing therapeutic efficacy is the prospective, controlled trial with random treatment assignment that has the potential to control for multiple sources of bias. There is a significant unmet need for well-designed clinical trials in NMO. Successfully conducted, well-controlled NMO trials that show proof of benefit will lead to regulatory approval and subsequent acceptance by payers resulting in broad therapeutic availability. The most direct method to prove efficacy is to compare an active treatment vs. no treatment or placebo control. However, because of the devastating nature of the disease some clinicians are reluctant to expose potential study patients to the risk of no treatment. The primary ethical concern in the case of placebo-control in NMO clinical trials rests on the relative merits of answering the scientific question regarding efficacy compared to the relative risk of exposure to harm in the placebo-control group. This article outlines the case for clinical equipoise in NMO by addressing the uncertainty regarding the relative scientific and clinical merits of current empirically used treatments and showing that a placebo arm is consistent with competent medical care. Because no currently available treatment has proven benefit, and because all therapies are known to potentially cause harm, placebo-control is not only ethical but is in some ways preferable to active comparator or add-on study designs. Without well-designed, placebo-controlled trials, NMO patients may not have access to new treatments and will never know whether the therapies that they may be currently taking have risk to benefit profiles that clearly favor their use.
Studies on the Structure of “Boun” Dmorphine*

Crystalline ‘bound’ morphine isolated from the urine of addicts was subjected to various physical and chemical tests. On the basis of X-ray diffraction, infrared, ultraviolet, and electrometric data, the compound was identified to be 3-morphine-glucuronide in the zwitterion form.
Endogenous sex steroids and ischemic stroke risk in older women

Stroke is the third leading cause of death in women, and more women than men die from stroke. Although the risk of stroke increases with age, the risk is substantially increased in women following menopause. This may occur, in part, as a result of an increased likelihood of developing hypertension, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries during and after menopause. This change in risk profile may be related to the estradiol depletion and relative androgen excess that occur during the menopausal transition. The most useful measure of sex steroid levels is with sex hormone-binding globulin, a hormone that reflects bound estrogens and androgens. Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin are closely associated with unfavorable cardiovascular profiles and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Whether sex hormone-binding globulin is also a marker of ischemic stroke risk requires further study.
Content-focused technology inquiry groups: cases of teacher learning and technology integration

Although it has been established that teachers need considerable time to integrate technology into their teaching, little research has investigated long-term professional development approaches. Guided by a situated learning framework, this research examines the nature of teachers’ technology learning when participating in a content-focused technology inquiry group, the degree to which teachers integrate what they learn into content-specific student learning activities, and how situated features of the learning context influence teacher learning. Longitudinal case studies of participating middle-school teachers revealed a set of interdependent expectations and social norms established by the inquiry group that enabled these teachers to learn and integrate technologies for student learning. The most crucial expectations of inquiry activity included: (a) facilitating discussions about curriculum, (b) finding appropriate technology to match teachers’ curricular needs, (c) providing in-class support, and (d) sharing integration accomplishments. We recommend establishing technology inquiry groups within K-12 school settings and in teacher education courses.
An ornithomimosaurian from the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation of Alaska

ABSTRACT— Polar dinosaurs provide unique insights for testing hypotheses regarding paleobiology, paleoecology, and paleobiogeography. Critical for such testing is a comprehensive understanding of the taxonomic diversity of contemporaneous polar and lower-latitude paleofaunas. Here we determine the taxonomic identity of a theropod metatarsal that was discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation on the North Slope of Alaska. Its morphology and size are most consistent with a metatarsal IV of an ornithomimosaurian or a juvenile tyrannosaurid. Long bone histological analysis reveals a bone tissue composed of fibrolamellar matrix with a mosaic of laminar, longitudinal, sub-plexiform, radiating, and reticular vascularization patterns. The spacing between two outer growth lines diminishes near the periosteal surface, suggesting that the individual was near somatic maturity at the time of death. This finding suggests that its adult body size was comparable to contemporaneous North American ornithomim...