cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stationary ARMA Processes

In this chapter we introduce an extremely important class of time series {X t , t = 0, ± 1, ± 2,...} defined in terms of linear difference equations with constant coefficients. The imposition of this additional structure defines a parametric family of stationary processes, the autoregressive moving average or ARMA processes. For any autocovariance function γ(·) such that lim h→∞ γ(h) = 0, and for any integer k > 0, it is possible to find an ARMA process with autocovariance function γ X (·) such that γ X (h) = γ(h), h = 0, 1,...., k. For this (and other) reasons the family of ARMA processes plays a key role in the modelling of time-series data. The linear structure of ARMA processes leads also to a very simple theory of linear prediction which is discussed in detail in Chapter 5.
The nephrotic syndrome in congenital syphilis: an immunopathy.

This report describes the renal morphology in an infant, 2½ months of age, who had the nephrotic syndrome secondary to congenital syphilis. A specimen of the kidney obtained by needle biopsy was studied by light, electron, and fluorescent microscopy. Periarterial cellular infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells were prominent in the interstitial tissues. Glomerular visceral and parietal epithelial cells were swollen and increased in number. The axial matrix in many glomeruli was expanded by partially collagenized axial matrix mateial. Nodular electron dense deposits were numerous in the epithelial aspect of the glomerular basement membrane. The areas corresponding to the electrondense deposits were strongly stained with fluorescein tagged antisera to IgG, IgM, and fibrinogen. Less intense but still positive staining was obtained with antisera to IgA and β1c globulin. The nephropathy in congenital syphilis appears to have its basis in the deposition of immune complexes within the glomerular basement membrane. The very young infant, therefore, appears capable of manifesting with an immune deposit disease. The presence of all classes of immunoglobulins in the membranous deposits suggests that the infant has precocious capabilities for producing each of these immunoglobulins.
Filamentous Hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis: A Bacterial Adhesin Formed as a 50-nm Monomeric Rigid Rod Based on a 19-residue Repeat Motif Rich in Beta Strands and Turns

Abstract The filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) of Bordetella pertussis is an adhesin that binds the bacteria to cells of the respiratory epithelium in whooping-cough infections. Mature FHA is a 220 kDa secretory protein that is highly immunogenic and has been included in acellular vaccines. We have investigated its structure by combining electron microscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) with computational analysis of its amino acid sequence. The FHA molecule is 50 nm in length and has the shape of a horseshoe nail: it has a globular head that appears to consist of two domains; a 35 nm-long shaft that averages 4 nm in width, but tapers slightly from the head end; and a small, flexible, tail. Mass measurements by scanning transmission electron microscopy establish that FHA is a monomer. Its sequence contains two regions of tandem 19-residue pseudo-repeats: the first, of 38 cycles, starts at residue 344; the second, of 13 cycles, starts at residue 1440. The repeat motifs are predicted to consist of short β-strands separated by β-turns, and secondary structure measurements by CD support this prediction. We propose a hairpin model for FHA in which the head is composed of the terminal domains; the shaft consists mainly of the repeat regions conformed as amphipathic, hyper-elongated β-sheets, with their hydrophobic faces apposed; and the tail is composed of the intervening sequence. Further support for the model was obtained by immuno-labeling electron microscopy. The 19-residue repeats of FHA have features in common with the leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that are present in many eukaryotic proteins, including some adhesion factors. The model is also compared with the two other classes of filamentous proteins that are rich in β-structure, i.e. viral adhesins and two β-helical secretory proteins. Our proposed structure implies how the functionally important adhesion sites and epitopes of FHA are distributed: its tripeptide (RGD) integrin-binding site is assigned to the tail; the putative hemagglutination site forms part of the head; and two classes of immunodominant epitopes are assigned to opposite ends of the molecule. Possible mechanisms are discussed for two modes of FHA-mediated adhesion.
Tresholds for Sports Elimination Numbers Algorithms and Complexity

Identifying teams eliminated from contention for first place of a sports league is a much studied problem. In the classic setting each game is played between two teams, and the team with the most wins finishes first. Recently, two papers [Way] and [AEHO] detailed a surprising structural fact in the classic setting: At any point in the season, there is a computable threshold W such that a team is eliminated (cannot win or tie for first place) if and only if it cannot win W or more games. Using this threshold speeds up the identification of eliminated teams. We show that thresholds exist for a wide range of elimination problems (greatly generalizing the classical setting), via a simpler and more direct proof. For the classic setting we determine which teams can be the strict winner of the most games; examine these issues for multi-division leagues with playoffs and wildcards; and establish that certain elimination questions are NP-hard.
Dynamic Triaxial Compression Experiments on Cor-Tuf Specimens

A set of dynamic triaxial compression experiments at 50, 100, and 200 MPa confinement have been conducted with a modified Kolsky bar on cylindrical ultra-high strength concrete Cor-Tuf specimens of diameter 19 mm and length of 12.7 mm. The modified Kolsky bar utilized is capable of performing a triaxial compression test with a dynamic loading for a confining pressure of up to 400 MPa on specimens with 19.05 mm diameters. The experiment is composed of a hydrostatic phase which occurs at a quasi-static strain rate followed by a dynamic shear phase which occurs at a high strain rate. A set of 28 experiments were conducted at strain rates of 100 and 200 s−1. The experiments show that the fracture strength of the material increases under increasing pressure. The specimens showed higher strength in the dynamic confined experiments than both the quasi-static TXC experiments and the unconfined-uniaxial dynamic tests. The strength increase was in part caused by specimen size difference. Although the trend towards brittle ductile transition is observed the specimens were not loaded in a high enough confinement for the phase change to occur.
Chemical composition of high-energy cosmic-ray nuclei and its possible origin in type-II supernova

High energy cosmic ray spectrum has been known to have an interesting bump in the energy range 10 14 − 10 16 eV. Various models to explain the spectral break in this energy range have been so far proposed; which incorporate either a large-scale termination of galactic wind, shocks with greater age and spatial extent associated with hypothetical super-bubbles powered by multiple supernovae, intersection of two quantum-gravitational components, extra-galactic component, red-shift of big-bang remnant, or a proton component from pulsars. More recently, their possible origin in type-II supernovae with magnetic acceleration mechanism is proposed by considering direct observational results of chemical composition near the bump regime of cosmic ray spectrum.
Fear of Failure in the Context of Competitive Sport: A Commentary

INTRODUCTION Dr. Allen Fox addressed a significant motivational challenge for many athletes and coaches – fear of failure. It is a privilege to have the opportunity to comment on this thought-provoking article by such an accomplished coach. My aims here will be to connect the very practical perspective in the target article with the broader scientific literature, to highlight consistencies and discrepancies between these perspectives, and to identify what I believe to be some of the most critical scientific and practical issues related to fear of failure in competitive sport. Given the constraints of this forum, my treatment will be necessarily incomplete and I will focus my comments around two major themes – how fear of failure is conceptualized and the strategies available for coaches working with athletes who fear failing.
Increased risk of renal dysfunction due to interaction of liver disease and aminoglycosides

Abstract To determine if aminoglycoside use and liver disease interact to cause an increased risk for renal dysfunction, data from 179 hospitalized patients who had been enrolled in a prospective, randomized trial of nafcillin/tobramycin versus cefotaxime were analyzed. The cefotaxime-treated patients served as a control group not receiving an aminoglycoside. Renal dysfunction occurred in seven of 88 (8 percent) given cefotaxime and 37 of 91 (41 percent) given tobramycin (p
Nonexertional Heatstroke: Physiologic Management and Cooling in 14 Patients

Fourteen patients with nonexertional heatstroke were evaluated in a general hospital during the summer of 1980. They were managed according to a prospectively devised protocol designed to effect heat dissipation primarily via convection and evaporation rather than by conduction. The time from entry into the emergency room to the first recorded rectal temperature of less than 103 °F (39.4 °C) ranged from 34 to 89 minutes (median, 60 minutes). Only one patient died; none had residual neurologic deficits. The use of these methods can result in a low incidence of permanent neurologic impairment and a low fatality rate. ( Arch Intern Med 1986;146:87-90)
Numerical Simulation of Oscillatory Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders of Different Diameters

A detailed study of oscillatory flow around two circular cylinders of different diameters is carried out numerically. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using a finite element method (FEM) with a k–ω turbulence closure. The numerical model is validated against oscillatory flows past a single circular cylinder where the experimental data are available in literature. Then it is employed to simulate the flow around two circular cylinders. It’s found that the fluid flow field around two cylinders is different from the single cylinder case, especially when the small cylinder diameter increases. The orientation of the small cylinder and the gap between two cylinders have significant effects on the vortex shedding process and force coefficients on the cylinders.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Cytogenetic analysis of chromosome region 89A of Drosophila melanogaster: isolation of deficiencies and mapping of Po, Aldox-1 and transposon insertions.

We have initiated a cytogenetic analysis of chromosome region 89A of Drosophila melanogaster by isolating a set of radiation-induced mutations causing loss of function of P[(w)B]1-1, a transposon bearing the white locus inserted in 89A. Complementation tests and cytological examination of these chromosomes identified four new deficiencies (Df(3R)Po2, Df(3R)Po3, Df(3R)Po4 and Df(3R)c(3)G2). The new deficiencies and three previously identified deficiencies (Df(3R)sbd26, Df(3R)sbd45 and Df(3R)sbd105) were tested for the ability to complement mutations in the enzyme loci Po and Aldox-1, the indirect flight muscle genes Tm2 and act88F, the morphological mutations jvl, sbd2 and Sb, the vital loci srp, pnr and mor, and a newly described vital locus l(3)89Aa. We also used linkage analysis to determine the order and relative positions of P[(w)B]1-1 and an independent transposon insertion, P[w+]21, with respect to cv-c, Po, Aldox-1 and sbd2. Cytological examination of the deficiencies and analysis of the transformed lines by in situ hybridization permits the correlation of genetically defined regions with specific polytene chromosome bands. A revised cytogenetic map of the 8817–8913 region is presented.
A tandem cosine algorithm for modeling rhythmic change

A tandem cosine algorithm which connects two or more successive half-waves is described, and may be used to represent many rhythmic ecological patterns, including air temperature patterns, vital signs such as body temperature rhythms, solar radiation patterns, and weight changes of mammals and birds over the annual cycle. Each of these is illustrated with an example in this paper. The tandem cosine algorithm is a pattern-generating procedure rather than a curve-fitting one, and may be used when few data are available. When modeling ecological relationships, it is better to represent rhythmic changes with a pattern than to ignore the rhythmic pattern and represent them with simple average values over time.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and neuroglobin expression

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a hypoxia-inducible protein with cytoprotective effects in animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and related disorders, but the molecular mechanisms involved in its induction are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) regulates Ngb levels, using shRNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of the HIF-1α subunit, in cultured neural (HN33) cells. HIF-1α knockdown decreased and HIF-1α overexpression increased Ngb levels, consistent with a connection between HIF-1 and Ngb induction. These findings may have implications for understanding the hypoxia-response repertoire of neural cells and devising therapeutic strategies for neurologic disorders.
Ichnology in sequence stratigraphic studies; an example from the lower Paleocene of Alabama

Detailed ichno-sedimentological analyses of two Lower Paleocene depositional sequences contained within the Clayton and Porters Creek Formations of western Alabama. The ichnological variations reflect changes in substrate consistency, physical environmental energy, sedimentation rate, and bottom- and/or pore-water chemistry that are consistent with both the phases and magnitudes of the associated sea-level cycles. These results illustrate the potential of extended ichnological studies in the testing and refinement of sequence stratigraphic models and resulting interpretations of sea-level histories
Enhanced measurement and estimation methodology for flexible link arm control

The two objectives of this article are (1) to study the effects of truncation of the infinite series in the assumed mode shapes approach for flexible-link robot arms, and (2) to design an improved Kalman filter for estimation of the rigid and flexible modes for controls purposes. A singular perturbation approach is used to derive an improved reduced-order model that does not correspond simply to truncating the finite series, but includes some additional information about the neglected residual modes. Then, a second time-scale separation is used to design a slow/fast Kalman filter with improved performance for flexible-link arms. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the solvolysis of N-acetoxy-N-acetylaminobiphenyl: the complete lack of nitrenium ion involvement.

Abstract The solvolysis of N-acetoxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl in 40% buffered aqueous acetone has been studied. Two processes have been identified, both leading exclusively to the formation of hydroxamic acid. By the use of 0-18 labeling, both have been shown not to involve the intermediacy of nitrenium ions.
A biological approach to characterizing exposure to metalworking fluids and risk of prostate cancer (United States)

Objective: Prostate cancer is hormone-related and chemicals that interfere with hormones may contribute to carcinogenesis. In a cohort of autoworkers we characterized exposure to metalworking fluids (MWF) into age windows with homogenous biological risk for prostate cancer, and examined exposure–response relationships using semi-parametric modeling. Methods: Incident cases (n=872) were identified via Michigan cancer registry from 1985 through 2000. Controls were selected using incidence-density sampling, 5:1 ratio. Using a hormonal-based model, exposure was accumulated in three windows: (1) late puberty, (2) adulthood, and (3) middle age. We used penalized splines to model risk as a smooth function of exposure, and controlled for race and calendar year of diagnosis in a Cox model. Results: Risk of prostate cancer linearly increased with exposure to straight MWF in the first window, with a relative risk of 2.4 per 10 mg/m3-years. Autoworkers exposed to MWF at a young age also had an increased risk associated with MWF exposure incurred later in life. For soluble MWF there was a slightly increased risk in the third window. Conclusions: Exposure characterization based on a hormonal model identified heightened risk with early age of exposure to straight MWF. Results also support a long latency period for exposure related prostate cancer.
The Process of Consumer Reactions to Possession Threats and Losses in a Natural Disaster

This paper examines involuntary possession disposition associated with a natural disaster. Results of a naturalistic investigation involving group and depth interviews with wildfire survivors are consistent with previous research proposing that disposition is a symbolic and meaningful process. Overall, these consumers’ reactions to possession threats and losses appear to follow a sequence of stages. We also find this process to have some unique characteristics that distinguish it from other types of disposition.
Trends in Educational Attainment in China

Trends in educational attainment in China over the twentieth century are studied using data from all the Chinese censuses conducted since 1982. There was a marked increase in educational attainment over time, with deviations from a smooth upward trend only among those who came of age during the Great Leap Forward, which was detrimental to education, and the Cultural Revolution, which resulted in educational expansion that subsequently was dismantled. The upward trend was mainly fueled by the expansion of primary and lower middle education, resulting in a nearly complete gender convergence, as women went from virtually no schooling at the beginning of the century to nearly universal primary matriculation by the end of the century. The gender gap also closed at higher levels of schooling.
Redefining Institutional Priorities.

This chapter offers time-tested advice for new presidents, including how to build and maintain strong relationships with trustees, how to address the persistent concerns of student success and remediation, and how to access the college's economic condition as well as how to oversee and maintain strong funding channels.
Neuroimaging in Dementia

Dementia is a common illness with an incidence that is rising as the aged population increases. There are a number of neurodegenerative diseases that cause dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal dementia, which is subdivided into the behavioral variant, the semantic variant, and nonfluent variant. Numerous other neurodegenerative illnesses have an associated dementia, including corticobasal degeneration, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Huntington’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, Parkinson’s disease dementia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Vascular dementia and AIDS dementia are secondary dementias. Diagnostic criteria have relied on a constellation of symptoms, but the definite diagnosis remains a pathologic one. As treatments become available and target specific molecular abnormalities, differentiating amongst the various primary dementias early on becomes essential. The role of imaging in dementia has traditionally been directed at ruling out treatable and reversible etiologies and not to use imaging to better understand the pathophysiology of the different dementias. Different brain imaging techniques allow the examination of the structure, biochemistry, metabolic state, and functional capacity of the brain. All of the major neurodegenerative disorders have relatively specific imaging findings that can be identified. New imaging techniques carry the hope of revolutionizing the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease so as to obtain a complete molecular, structural, and metabolic characterization, which could be used to improve diagnosis and to stage each patient and follow disease progression and response to treatment. Structural and functional imaging modalities contribute to the diagnosis and understanding of the different dementias.
A systems approach to strategic success with adjunct faculty

Rio Salado is a nontraditional community college that is highly integrated in the global economy. This chapter describes the Rio Salado College systems approach, which relies almost exclusively on adjunct faculty to accomplish its mission, vision, and purposes.
Characteristics of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract 1. 1. Biochemical properties of Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from D. melanogaster have been investigated. 2. 2. The enzyme is stable below 4°C. 3. 3. The pH optimum of the enzyme is 5.7. It is rapidly inactivated below pH 5.4. 4. 4. The K m values for NADPH and Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate are 1.6 × 10 −5 and 2.5 × 10 −6 M, respectively. 5. 5. The estimated molecular weight of the enzyme is 225,000. 6. 6. The enzyme is weakly inhibited by l -proline ( K i = 0.12 M).
East and West German Family Policy Compared: The Distribution of Childrearing Costs

This paper examines differences in the costs and subsidies of childrearing in East and West Germany in 1989–1990. A model of childrearing costs is followed by a review of research comparing the distribution of such costs in East and West Germany and a review of methodology for estimating parents' foregone earnings and leisure. The latter are then estimated, using German Socio-Economic Panel data on households with male–female co-resident parents. These estimates are followed by analyses of the distribution of childrearing costs among mothers, fathers, and the state in each country, based on alternate assumptions regarding household income pooling.
CD11b of Ovis canadensis and Ovis aries: molecular cloning and characterization.

Abstract Leukotoxin (Lkt) is the primary virulence factor secreted by Mannheimia haemolytica which causes pneumonia in ruminants. Previously, we have shown that CD18, the β subunit of β2 integrins, mediates Lkt-induced cytolysis of ruminant leukocytes. CD18 associates with four distinct α subunits giving rise to four β2 integrins, CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1), CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1), CD11c/CD18 (CR4), and CD11d/CD18. It is not known whether all the β2 integrins serve as a receptor for Lkt. Since PMNs are the leukocyte subset that is most susceptible to Lkt, and Mac-1 expression on PMNs exceeds that of other β2 integrins, it is of interest to determine whether Mac-1 serves as a receptor for Lkt which necessitates the cloning of CD11b and CD18. In this study, we cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding CD11b of Ovis canadensis (bighorn sheep) and Ovis aries (domestic sheep). CD11b cDNA is 3455 nucleotides long encoding a polypeptide of 1152 amino acids. CD11b polypeptides from these two species exhibit 99% identity with each other, and 92% with that of cattle, and 70–80% with that of the non-ruminants analyzed.
A novel model to study renal myofibroblast formation in vitro

A novel model to study renal myofibroblast formation in vitro. Background In chronic renal disease, the decrease of excretory renal function closely correlates with the extent of interstitial fibrosis. A common feature of interstitial fibrosis is the occurrence of myofibroblasts, which are regarded as the predominant cells in matrix synthesis. We studied the transformation of renal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro as a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this process. Methods Primary cultures of freshly isolated rat inner medullary fibroblasts were established as reported previously. mRNA expression of myofibroblast markers and interstitial collagens was examined by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Phenotypic expression was investigated by immunolabeling. Endogenous transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production was inhibited by addition of a neutralizing antibody or by TGF-β1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). Results Initially and during the first 36 hours, primary culture cells expressed neither α-smooth muscle actin nor desmin mRNA. From day 2 of primary culture, we observed a strong increase in these mRNAs, as evaluated by RT-PCR, followed by the phenotypic expression of these myofibroblast markers. Collagen type I mRNA was first detectable from day 4 of primary culture and showed a strong increase in its expression level during the following days, with phenotypic expression predominantly in myofibroblasts. The transformation rate of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts largely decreased in cocultures with collecting duct cells. This effect could be reversed by reducing the seeding density. We examined in this system the effect of TGF-β1 to define further its putative fibrogenic activity. However, neither the addition of exogenous TGF-β1 nor the inhibition of endogenous TGF-β production showed any significant effect on fibroblast transformation, suggesting that this cytokine exerts its effects at other levels or requires a cofactor. Conclusions We present a novel model to examine the de novo expression of myofibroblast markers and collagen type I in freshly isolated fibroblasts under defined conditions in primary culture. This model could provide a strategy for the molecular characterization of myofibroblast formation and the phenomena associated with this process.
High-frequency tunnel-diode oscillations using a new parallel-strip point-contact diode mount

High-frequency oscillators have been constructed using point-contact tunnel diodes mounted in a specially designed parallel-strip mount. The reasonable output powers obtained, the small size and the high-frequency operation make the mount useful for a number of applications.
Sentinel Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer: An Overview

The most powerful predictor of survival in breast cancer is the presence or absence of lymph node metastases. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy is a new technique that provides more accurate nodal staging compared to routine histology for women with breast cancer without the morbidity of a complete lymph node dissection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a more conservative approach to the axilla that requires close collaboration between the surgical team, nuclear medicine, and pathology. National trials are investigating the clinical relevance of the upstaging that occurs with a more intense examination of the sentinel node. Since complaints due to the axillary node dissection are a common occurrence after definitive breast cancer surgery, if the side effects of the level I and II node dissection can be avoided, particularly in the node-negative population, a major advance in treating this disease will be made.
STRENGTH OF ICEBERGS DURING TRANSPORT

An iceberg drifting or being transported across the ocean experiences both oscillations or rigid-body responses and vibrations or elastic-body responses as the result of wave - induced dynamic loading. The magnitude of the resulting wave bending moment, shear force and roll are calculated and the strength and stability of iceberg under rough sea conditions are checked. The analysis is based upon the theory of Korvin - Kroukovsky. Different iceberg length, width and depths are considered under extreme sea conditions. In the design of mooring cable systems the plastic properties of ice and regelation need to be considered, metal piles and bollards are shown to move in the direction of applied force and as a result the mooring cable systems will not perform its function. Thus, either fiber ropes surrounding the iceberg can be used or the pile systems and the bollards must be manufactured from a material having poor thermal conductance.
Experimental Models Help or Hindrance

Although many potential therapeutics have improved motor and cognitive function in animal models of experimental stroke, very few have been found to have similar beneficial effects in clinical trials. In this review, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available rodent models in the development of cellular therapies for stroke and how they have been applied. The lack of translation between the animal work and clinical benefits is not because the animal models are not useful. If the recommendations of the Stroke Academic Industry Roundtable are followed, then the studies will produce more clinically relevant information about potential new cell therapies. However, it will also be necessary to design clinical trials in a manner consistent with the preclinical study results.
RS-compactness in L -fuzzy topological spaces

Abstract A good definition of RS-compactness in L -fuzzy topological spaces is suggested for L a fuzzy lattice. We define RS-compactness on arbitrary L -fuzzy sets and study some of its properties.
Role of beta-adrenergic mechanisms in exercise training-induced metabolic changes in respiratory and locomotor muscle.

To test the hypothesis that beta-adrenergic stimulation is required for the normal increase in oxidative capacity of respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscle in response to exercise training, we examined the effects of beta-blockade on muscle oxidative capacity in trained and sedentary rats. Thirty-four female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 1) trained+propranolol (TP); 2) trained + sham injection (TS); 3) sedentary + propranolol (SP); and 4) sedentary + sham injection (SS). Training increased (p 0.05) increase costal diaphragm CS activity in TP animals compared to the SS group. Further, although training increased (p < 0.05) plantaris CS activity in the TP group (+18%) compared to the SP group, the training-induced increase in muscle CS activity was 11% lower (p < 0.05) than observed in TS animals. Collectively, these results suggest that beta-adrenergic mechanisms may play a role in the normal training-induced increase in oxidative capacity in both respiratory and locomotor skeletal muscles.
Oviposition Behavior of Pheropsophus aequinoctialis L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae): A Natural Enemy of Scapteriscus Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

In the southeastern United States, South American Scapteriscus mole crickets are serious pests of turf and pasture grasses and vegetable seedlings. The larval stage of Pheropsophus aequinoctialis L. is a specialist predator of Scapteriscus mole cricket eggs and is currently under evaluation as a potential biological control agent. The objective of this study was to understand the oviposition behavior of P. aequinoctialis. The results indicated that in two-choice substrate oviposition arenas, female P. aequinoctialis significantly preferred to lay eggs in sand with mole cricket tunnels compared with artificially created tunnels or sand without tunnels. Physical tunnel presence influenced oviposition depth, but was not the only factor influencing oviposition. The reproductive strategy and behavior of P. aequinoctialis is discussed in relation to its specialized life history and to other carabid beetles displaying close host associations.
Thermodynamics of buried water clusters at a protein-ligand binding interface.

The structure of the complex of cyclophilin A (CypA) with cyclosporin A (CsA, 1) shows a cluster of four water molecules buried at the binding interface, which is rearranged when CsA is replaced by (5-hydroxynorvaline)-2-cyclosporin (2). The thermodynamic contributions of each bound water molecule in the two complexes are explored with the inhomogeneous fluid solvation theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Water (WTR) 133 in complex 1 contributes little to the binding affinity, while WTR6 and 7 in complex 2 play an essential role in mediating protein−ligand binding with a hydrogen bond network. The calculations reveal that the rearrangement of the water molecules contributes favorably to the binding affinity, even though one of them is displaced going from ligand 1 to 2. Another favorable contribution comes from the larger protein−ligand interactions of ligand 2. However, these favorable contributions are not sufficient to overcome the unfavorable desolvation free energy change and the conformational...
Idiopathic coronary artery dissection: a rare in vivo diagnosis.

A 42-year-old white female, who had an acute myocardial infarction, developed post-infarction angina and underwent coronary angiography seven weeks after the event. Coronary angiogram demonstrated a primary dissection of the left anterior descending artery. To our knowledge this is the sixth such report of a patient with primary dissection of a coronary artery demonstrated by angiogrdphy and the fourth such patient reported to achieve and maintain asymptomatic status without operative intervention.
Power saturation of electron paramagnetic resonances from high-spin ferric haemproteins at 4·2 K

The power saturation behaviour of first derivative electron paramagnetic resonance signals from the highly anisotropic high-spin haem group is formulated. A relation between the power at which the maximum signal is obtained and the quotient of the spin-lattice relaxation time and fundamental (intrinsic spin-packet) linewidth is shown to hold for certain experimental conditions. At 4·2 K the power saturation of ferrimyoglobin was studied at several modulation field frequencies between 80 Hz and 100 kHz, and ferrihaemoglobin and catalase at 100 kHz. Results are given in terms of the ratio of the powers for maximum signal with the scanning field perpendicular to the haem plane and in the plane, multiplied by the ratio of the corresponding transition probabilities. The observed product of ratios at low modulation frequencies is quantitatively explained by a proposed relation between iron out-of-planarity and the angular dependence of the linewidth.
Deep structure of Anadyr' oil-gas basin, from geophysical data

Positions of the Senonian-Danian complex, in which economic accumulations of hydrocarbons may be expected, are defined; its structural isopachs are determined (fig. 1), and several local uplifts are identified in the basin, as targets for further exploration. -- V.P. Sokoloff.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibits intracellular zymogen activation but not enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells

INTRODUCTION: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a critical mediator of pancreatic growth and proliferation.We have shown that the p85alpha regulatory subunit mediates pancreatic acinar cell growth and regeneration after partial pancreatectomy; however, the role of PI3K in regulating pancreatic enzyme secretion and activation is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PI3K inhibition on CCK-stimulated enzyme secretion and zymogen activation.
NAS-wide vertical profile analysis: Level segments in arrival and departure flows

Low altitude level flight segments increase fuel burn and emissions for the aircraft flying them. The number and length of level segments flown during arrival and departure operations can be reduced by procedure design which leverages the advantages of Area Navigation (RNAV) to reduce actual level flight. Such design must take into account many factors including terrain, current route of a particular flow of air traffic, other proximate air traffic flows, aircraft equipage, and air traffic control (ATC) needs. Variation of these factors between airports can make comparison difficult, whether between sites or over time.
Preferential concentration of particles in isotropic turbulence: a comparison of the Lagrangian and the equilibrium Eulerian approaches

Abstract In this brief note, we present a study of the preferential concentration of particles in isotropic turbulence using the fast Eulerian method [Int. J. Multiph. Flow 27 (2001) 1199]. The advantage of the fast Eulerian method is that it obviates the need to solve additional governing equations for the particulate phase. For small particle response times, Ferry and Balachandar [Int. J. Multiph. Flow 27 (2001) 1199] show that a unique equilibrium Eulerian particle velocity field, v ( x , t ), independent of initial conditions can be obtained. The resultant expansion in τ p is an explicit function of the fluid velocity field, u ( x , t ), and its spatial and temporal derivatives. In the current work, a truncated expansion of the particle velocity field, accurate to O ( τ p ), is used to calculate statistics of particle dispersion and preferential accumulation in isotropic turbulence. These statistics are compared with those from the Lagrangian evolution of particles. There is good agreement for small τ p , where the theory is best applicable. Preferential concentration properties of dense particles as well as bubbles are studied. It is demonstrated that instantaneous velocities of exact Lagrangian particles agree well with those evaluated by interpolating the Eulerian particle velocity field to the particle positions. In addition, particles evolved using the Eulerian velocity field exhibit similar long-time spatial distribution as the exact particles, indicating that there is no accumulation of errors in time. Specifically, the concentration of dense particles in high strain-rate regions and of bubbles in high vorticity regions is accurately captured by the Eulerian method.
Spirituality and Homelessness: Implications for Pastoral Counseling

This article presents a limited number of findings from a larger research project that explores spiritual themes related to the experience of homelessness as reported by 16 research participants following their residence in a 90-day emergency shelter program in Los Angeles County, California. By utilizing interpretive phenomenological analysis, the study focuses solely on three spiritual themes present in the experience of homelessness. Participants noted experiencing the presence of hope and motivation while homeless, the challenges of coping with the homeless stigma, and times in which they felt (and did not feel) “human.” Implications for pastoral counselors and others offering spiritually-integrated counsel in the context of homelessness are discussed.
Everted preputium and swollen tentacles in Biomphalaria glabrata: genetic studies.

Abstract A morphological abnormality was observed in Biomphalaria glabrata involving swollen tentacles and everted preputium. Selection and isolated selfing resulted in clonal stocks breeding true for the character. Crossing experiments demonstrated the character is a single recessive gene character following simple Mendelian inheritance.
The extended control language of MPSX/370; simple and advanced applications

Commercial linear programming (LP) systems are important efficient, general and robust. One can expect of them that they can cope rapidly with linear programs of very large size, even if these are not particularly well formulated. They can accept and solve models of wide diversity, and therefore permit the redesign and modification of problems which is characteristic of almost all practical operations research studies (in contrast to specialized algorithms and codes, which have the tendency to become useless when the problem changes unexpectedly). And finally, they have become remarkably sturdy in the face of poor data such as redundant or similar constraints, degeneracy and general numerical difficulty.
The histone H2A deubiquitinase USP16 interacts with HERC2 and fine-tunes cellular response to DNA damage

Histone ubiquitination at DNA double strand breaks facilitates the recruitment of downstream repair proteins; however, how the ubiquitination is dynamically regulated during repair and terminated after repair is not well understood. Here we report that the histone H2A deubiquitinase USP16 interacts with HERC2, fine-tunes the ubiquitin signal during repair, and importantly, is required for terminating the ubiquitination signal after repair. HERC2 interacts with the coiled-coil domain of USP16 through its C-terminal HECT domain. HERC2 knockdown affects the levels of ubiquitinated H2A through the action of USP16. In response to DNA damage, USP16 levels increase, and this increase is dependent on HERC2. Increased USP16 serves as a negative regulator for DNA damage-induced ubiquitin foci formation and affects downstream factor recruitment and DNA damage response. The functional significance of USP16 is further manifested in human Down syndrome patient cells, which contain three copies of USP16 genes and have altered cellular response to DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrated that USP16 could deubiquitinate both H2A Lys-119 and H2A Lys-15 ubiquitination in vitro. Therefore, this study identifies USP16 as a critical regulator of DNA damage response and H2A Lys-15 ubiquitination as a potential target of USP16.
Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric and electron impact mass spectrometric characterization of mycosporine-like amino acids.

Positive-ion mass spectral fragmentations of seven mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are reported and discussed. The MAAs studied are small compounds composed of a cycloheximine ring substituted with amino acid or amino alcohol units. Techniques used include electron impact (EI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). ESI-MS/MS showed unusual small radical losses, generally resulting from the loss of a methyl group with the exception of shinorine and porphyra for which the initial losses were 30 and 44 Da, respectively. As expected from structural similarities, porphyra, shinorine and palythinol displayed similar fragmentation patterns, while palythenic acid and palythene fragmented in a similar manner. Overall, the ESI-MS/MS fragmentations at m/z <200 exhibited a distinctive pattern for all seven MAAs with characteristic ions at m/z 137, 168, 186, and 197 or 199. Several ions were observed for each of the MAAs analyzed, and together provide a useful and potentially diagnostic pattern for identification of MAAs and as an aid in structure elucidation of novel MAAs. For GC/EI-MS analysis, trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were made. The EI-MS fragmentation patterns of TMS-MAAs showed many features typical of TMS-derivatized alpha-amines. The precursor TMS-MAA ion was not detected, but a [M-90](+ radical) ion was the highest-mass intense peak observed for palythine, palythinol and shinorine, while palythene gave a [M-116](+ radical) ion. Besides determining the number of acidic hydrogens, EI-MS of TMS-derivatized MAAs will aid in structure elucidation of novel MAAs.
On upwind methods for parabolic finite elements in incompressible flows

We study the performance of various upwind techniques implemented in parabolic finite element discretizations for incompressible high Reynolds number flow. The characteristics of an ‘ideal’ upwind procedure are first discussed. Then the streamline upwind Petrov/Galerkin method, a simplified version thereof, the Galerkin least squares technique and a high-order derivative artificial diffusion method are evaluated on test problems. We conclude that none of the methods displays the desired solution characteristics. There is still need for the development of a reliable and efficient upwind method with characteristics close to those of the ‘ideal’ procedure. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thirteen Reasons Why the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves Process Is Not Practical

In theory, the mathematically elegant Vickrey-Clarke-Groves process offers perfect efficiency with dominant truth-revealing strategies. However, it has many serious practical problems. This paper describes these problems and argues that research that aims to maintain the dominant truth-revealing strategies while compromising on the other practical issues is of limited practical value.
Estrogen receptor-beta immunoreactivity in the midbrain of adult rats: regional, subregional, and cellular localization in the A10, A9, and A8 dopamine cell groups.

Estrogen modulates dopamine synthesis, release, and metabolism in corticolimbic and striatal targets of midbrain dopamine neurons. The relevant sites of receptor-mediated action, however, had been elusive, because all available evidence suggested a paucity of intracellular estrogen receptors in the A8, A9, and A10 dopamine regions and their afferent targets. More recent evidence of a relative abundance of the beta isoform of the estrogen receptor (ER) in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA), however, suggests that this newly described receptor may be important in estrogen's stimulation of midbrain DA systems. It is unknown, however, precisely how ERbeta is distributed with respect to the functionally and neurochemically diverse cell populations of the ventral midbrain. To address these issues, this study used single- and double-label immunocytochemistry to detail the regional, subregional, and cellular distributions of ERbeta immunoreactivity in and around midbrain dopamine-containing cell groups in hormonally intact adult male and female rats. These analyses revealed that ERbeta-immunoreactive nuclei were found only in neurons, more specifically, within subsets of both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons in the dorsal VTA, the parabrachial pigmented nucleus, the substantia nigra pars lateralis, the retrorubral fields, and to a lesser extent the linear midline nuclei. These regional and cellular receptor distributions thus place the ERbeta isoform in anatomical register with midbrain dopamine systems known to participate in a spectrum of motor, cognitive, and affective functions.
Reactance of Square Tubular Bus Bars

SQUARE tubular bus bars are coming into use to an increasing extent, as they are economical and convenient for joining to insulators and to branch circuits. The reactance of bus-bar circuits is frequently of importance, in order to compute the voltage drop under normal conditions and the current under short-circuit conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present formulas and curves by which the reactance of square tubular bus bars may be determined.
Isochrestism and style: A clarification

Abstract The literature of style and ethnicity in archaeology exhibits growing confusion regarding the meaning of the term isochrestism introduced by Sackett. Its original, and correct, usage concerns the notion that ethnic style is a latent quality that potentially resides in all formal variation in material culture, including varition regarded as purely functional in the utilitarian sense. Progressively, however, the term has become wrongly identified with Sackett's more general argument regarding style, which concerns as much the issue of its behavioral background as the issue of where it resides. Here the distinction between isochrestism and Sackett's broader position is clarified and both in turn are brought into relation with the major questions currently being debated by students of ethnic style.
Practical experiences on high performance power system applications implementation

This paper explores major business drivers for high performance computing in large-scale power grid control centers, and presents practical examples to demonstrate the design and implementation of high performance computing applications.
Power-efficient directional wireless communication on small form-factor mobile devices

Wireless access is known to be power-hungry for mobile devices. A key reason is that devices radiate power in all directions and much of this power will not reach the destination. To address this waste, we present BeamSwitch, a multi-antenna system designed to realize directional communication efficiently. Unlike power-hungry and expensive beamforming, BeamSwitch requires only one transceiver. We provide an 802.11-compliant design and prototype of BeamSwitch. Our measurements show that with three passive directional antennas, BeamSwitch reduces the power consumption of a commercial 802.11 adapter by up to 20% and provide better quality under diverse propagation environments and extreme rotation.