cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear elimination from the normoblast of fetal guinea pig liver as studied with electron microscopy and serial sectioning techniques.

The process of denucleation in normoblasts of fetal guinea pig liver was studied with electron microscopy employing serial sections. In the late normoblast the nucleus becomes eccentrically located in the cytoplasm. Continued maturation results in a nucleus which is protruding from the normoblast. Still later the nucleus separates from the remainder of the cell and is phagocytized by a reticular cell. Nuclei which have been extruded are surrounded by a narrow border of cytoplasm and possess a nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and internal nuclear structure similar to that of normoblasts. The cytoplasmic border and nuclear structure are observed for some time after ingestion by reticular cells. Dissolution of nuclei inside the phagocytes is characterized by disappearance of the cytoplasmic border and nuclear envelope, loss of density of the chromatin, and appearance of dense particles in the interchromatin. It was concluded that under normal conditions, the sole mechanism of denucleation in definitive erythroblasts is extrusion. Mitochondria are partially degraded inside the late erythroblasts, forming a membranous residue which is later extruuded.
New perspectives on hydrophobic effects

Abstract Recent breakthroughs in the theory of hydrophobic effects permit new analyses of several characteristics of hydrophobic hydration and interaction. Heat capacities of non-polar solvation, and their temperature dependences, are analyzed within an information theory approach, using experimental information available from bulk liquid water. Non-polar solvation in aqueous electrolytes is studied by computer simulations, and interpreted within the information theory. We also study the preferential solvation of small non-polar molecules in heavy water (D2O) relative to light water (H2O) and find that this revealing difference can be explained by the higher compressibility of D2O. We develop a quasi-chemical description of hydrophobic hydration that incorporates the hydration structure and permits quantum-mechanical treatment of the solute. Finally, these new results are discussed in the context of hydrophobic effects in protein stability and folding, and of mesoscopic hydrophobic effects such as dewetting.
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL BLOCKADE PRODUCED BY ANTILYMPHOCYTE SERUM

Abstract Injection of antiserum to mouse lymphocytes (A.L.S.) was found to impair clearance from the bloodstream of colloidal carbon and microaggregated human serum-albumin in mice. Intravenous injection of A.L.S. produced immediate, profound, and prolonged blockade of the reticuloendothelial system and was more effective than the same dose administered intraperitoneally.
Otitis Media and Language Development: A Meta-Analysis

A substantial contemporary research literature on the impact of otitis media with effusion (OME) on language development in young children currently exists. Compared to the reports of earlier retro...
A rapid approximation to the solvent accessible surface areas of atoms

An analytical expression for approximate atomic and molecular van der Waals and solvent accessible surface areas is described. The treatment is based on the probabilistic method of Wodak and Janin1 but with modifications which allow it to be applied to the calculation of atomic surface areas. The calculation is a pairwise function of atomic positions and radii and is therefore quite rapid. We compare the results of this method with exact areas, list the first and second derivatives of the function and provide a FORTRAN subroutine on disk which calculates the approximate atomic areas from atomic coordinates and connectivity. We also provide some standard test molecules on disk.
Interferon-γ Regulation of B Lymphocyte Differentiation: Activation of B Cells Is a Prerequisite for IFN-γ-Mediated Inhibition of B Cell Differentiation

The Th1 and NK cell-derived cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) influences both immune and inflammatory responses, and under some circumstances, IFN-gamma can inhibit B cell differentiation. We found that IFN-gamma inhibited LPS-induced IgM production in B cells by reducing the precursor frequency of IgM-secreting cells. This occurred without a significant decrease in B cell proliferation in response to either LPS or F(ab')2 anti-IgM. We also found that IFN-gamma inhibited IgM secretion, even when added as late as 48 hr after LPS stimulation. Small resting B cells were not affected by a pulse with IFN-gamma. However, a pulse of IFN-gamma inhibited the response of activated B cells to subsequent stimulation with LPS. Also, LPS upregulated expression of the IFN-gamma receptor on B cells. Our studies show that IFN-gamma targets stimulated but not resting B cells and suggest that IFN-gamma plays an important role in the normal homeostatic control of B cell polyclonal responses.
Low-temperature electrical resistivity of praseodymium at pressures up to 120 GPa

Under ambient conditions, praseodymium metal possesses a localized $4{f}^{2}$-electron configuration. Near 20 GPa, the lattice volume collapses by $~$10% into the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-uranium crystal structure, and the electrical resistivity drops dramatically. This behavior is similar to that observed in cerium metal and has been taken as evidence for $4f$ delocalization, although the precise nature of such volume collapse transitions in rare-earth metals is still a matter of debate. Since cerium metal develops superconductivity in the collapsed phase, we undertook a search for superconductivity in praseodymium metal at high pressure. Using designer diamond anvils, we measured the electrical resistivity of high purity praseodymium metal to pressures above 1 Mbar and millikelvin temperatures. No evidence for superconductivity was found in any of the measurements. The lack of superconductivity may derive from magnetic pair-breaking effects related to incomplete screening/delocalization of the $4f$-electron state.
Prevention and treatment of meningitis and acute otitis media in children with cochlear implants.

Objective: To provide recommendations for 1) prevention of acute otitis media and meningitis via immunization and 2) antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media and meningitis in children with cochlear implants. Data Sources: Literature review and policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Conclusion: 1) Children who are candidates for cochlear implants or have received cochlear implants should receive all-age appropriate vaccinations, including indicated doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine, and influenza vaccine. A supplemental dose of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is indicated for children who have received indicated doses of 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine, but have not received 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. In addition, children 24 months and older should receive a single dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. 2) Acute otitis media in children with cochlear implants should be treated with an antimicrobial. During the first 2 months after implant, initial treatment of acute otitis media with a parenteral antimicrobial, e.g., cetriaxone, is indicated. High-dose amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate is an appropriate antimicrobial choice for empiric treatment of acute otitis media occurring 2 or more months after implant. In cases of meningitis occurring during the first 2 months after implantation, broad spectrum empiric antimicrobial therapy, e.g., meropenem and vancomycin, should be initiated pending the results of CSF culture. Empiric antimicrobial therapy with ceftriaxone and vancomycin is appropriate for cases of meningitis occurring 2 or more months after implant.
Nitric oxide: moving towards the clinic

This meeting showed how the surge of research in the field of NO biology has led to novel therapeutic approaches in multiple clinical disciplines. Some approaches have already advanced towards clinical applications. Continued research efforts will undoubtedly lead to new applications.
On the Environmental Realizability of Algebraically Growing Disturbances and Their Relation to Klebanoff Modes

A theoretical explanation of some experimentally observed phenomena associated with the so-called Klebanoff modes is obtained by analyzing the flow over a finite thickness flat plate resulting from a small-amplitude distortion imposed on the upstream mean flow. The analysis shows (among other things) how the stretching of the vortex lines around the plate leads to streamwise vorticity at the plate surface, which then produces a streamwise velocity perturbation within the boundary layer that can be related to the experimentally observed Klebanoff mode. The complete evolution of this flow must be found by solving the boundary-region equations of Kemp (1951) and Davis and Rubin (1980), but a limiting analytical solution can also be obtained. Since the initial growth of the boundary-layer disturbance is nearly algebraic, our results demonstrate how the algebraically growing disturbances promoted by Landahl and others can be generated by a realistic external-disturbance environment. The relationship between these results and various bypass transition mechanisms is discussed.
Organizational Communication: A Critical Perspective

Using a critical theoretical approach, this article analyzes conceptualizations of organizational communication failures. Perhaps because interpretations of communication failures have been dominated by a social psychological perspective, these reveal an unargued acceptance of communication failures as a consequence of hierarchical design with no alternatives presented or analyzed. This essay adapts the concept of communicative competence developed by Jurgen Habermas in a radically different way than most previous interpretations, certainly those most extant in public administration. As articulated here, the model of communicative competence suggests the need to confront organizational structure and consider more symmetrical relationships in order to enhance the possibilities of nondistorted organizational communication. Specifically, the model moves beyond the widely accepted factor of interpersonal trust as facilitating nondistorted communication and suggests a new way of viewing such research. Minimall...
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD, USING SILICA COLUMN AND AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MOBILE PHASE, FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CLONIDINE AS LOW AS 10 pg/mL IN HUMAN SERUM

A bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was developed and validated for the determination of clonidine in human serum. Clonidine and internal standard...
Gender Gaps in Collegiate Teaching Style: Variations by Course Characteristics

Using data from over 9,000 faculty members that participated in the Faculty Survey of Student Engagement (FSSE), this study examined the moderating role a range of course characteristics played on the effects of gender on the percentage of class time spent on various activities, a measure of teaching style. Results revealed gender differences, but that the gaps between men and women in lecturing and active classroom practices varied by disciplinary area, course level, and the number of times a course had been taught by the same instructor. The results confirm that gender effects depend on context, which implies that efforts to improve teaching and learning must also adapt to the instructional context.
Investigation of relationships between Ka-band radar reflectivity and ice and liquid water contents

The relationships between Ka-band (0.86 cm) equivalent radar reflectivity factor Z e (mm 6 /m 3 ) and cirrus cloud ice content and ice crystal precipitation content IWC (mg/ m 3 ) are developed through regression analyses by utilizing a numerical scheme that combines the conjugate gradient and the fast Fourier transform method (CG-FFT), and the Rayleigh approximation, to calculate backscattering. The approach takes into account models based on several hexagonal ice crystal habits, but does not consider crystal aggregates. It is concluded that the Z-IWC relationships depend only slightly on the polarization state and zenith angle of the radar beam as a result of oriented particle scattering effects. For vertically pointing operations, we find IWC = 7.49 Z e 0.78 for aircraft-measured cirrus cloud compositions, and IWC = 21.8 Z e 0.79 for precipitating ice crystals measured in polar regions. In addition, the regression equation linking the radar reflectivity factor Z to liquid water content LWC (g/m 3 ) is calculated from the results of simulations from an adiabatic cloud model, yielding Z = 3.6/N d LWC 1.8 , where N d is the concentration of cloud droplets. The dependence of Z on N d results from water vapor/droplet competition effects, which restricts the sizes of the largest (and most strongly Rayleigh scattering) droplets in the population. Comparison with empirically-based relationships for cumulus and stratocumulus clouds shows the best agreement for N d of about 100 cm −3
The effect of surface charge regulation on conductivity in fluidic nanochannels.

Abstract The precise electrostatic potential distribution is very important for the electrokinetic transport in fluidic channels. This is especially valid for small nanochannels where the electric double layers formed at the walls are comparable to the channel width. It can be expected that due to the large surface to volume ratio in such systems, they will exhibit properties that are not detectable in larger channels, capillaries and pores. We present a detailed numerical analysis of the current transport in fluidic nanochannels. It is based on solving the Poisson–Boltzmann equation with charge regulation boundary conditions that account for the surface-aqueous solution chemical equilibria. The focus is on studying the effect of the pH on the current transport. The pH is varied by adding either HCl or KOH. The analysis predicts non-monotonous and sometimes counterintuitive dependence of the conductivity on the pH. The channel conductivity exhibits practically no change over a range of pH values due to a buffering exerted by the chemical groups at the walls. An unexpected drop of the conductivity is observed around the wall isoelectric point and also in the vicinity of pH = 7 even though the concentration of ions in the channel increases. These observations are explained in the framework of charge regulation theory.
Potential theory on a rhombic lattice

Abstract Of concern are complex valued functions defined on the lattice points of the complex plane. The lattice can be the usual lattice of square blocks but of main interest is an irregular lattice with squares replaced by rhombs. A function is defined to be discrete analytic if the difference quotient across one diagonal of a rhomb equals the difference quotient across the other diagonal. Based on this definition discrete analogs of the following concepts in classical function theory are developed: Laplace equation, Cauchy-Riemann equations, differentiation, contour integration, Morera's theorem, and harmonic polynomials. The theory is more than an analogy because, for a common class of boundary value problems, it proves possible to obtain upper and lower bounds for the classical Dirichlet integral in terms of discrete harmonic functions.
Modeling and analysis of fiber optic pH sensors: effect of the ionic strength

Fiber optic-based pH sensors have many advantages over the traditional pH electrodes. They are robust, self-calibrating and show negligible drift. In addition, they are capable of detecting pH changes within 0.001 pH units. These features make fiber optic pH sensor technology particularly attractive for biomedical and on-line process applications. Typically, pH sensors consist of an indicator dye immobilized in a polymer matrix. The pH of the solution is related to the relative fraction of the protonated and dissociated species of the dye, whose absorption spectrum changes according to the pH of the surroundings. The response of the pH sensor is determined by the dissociation equilibrium of the immobilized dye, its interaction with the polymer matrix and the ionic strength of the medium. In order to have meaningful pH measurements it is important to understand the sensing mechanism and the resulting absorption spectra. In this paper a model is reported that takes into consideration the chemical reaction and the osmotic and electrochemical effects resulting from the dye-membrane-ionic strength interactions. Ionic strength effects are quantified through the pKa of the immobilized dye and it is demonstrated that highly reliable quantitative pH measurements, in the range required for blood pH analysis, are feasible.
Autologous mixed leucocyte reaction and the polyclonal activation of bovine γ/δ T cells

Abstract Bovine γ/δ T cells proliferate in response to stimulation with γ-irradiated autologous monocytes in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR). Flow cytometric analyses indicated that the proliferating cells included three major subpopulations of bovine γ/δ T cells, distinguished by the differential expression of the γ/δ T cell receptor epitopes N6 and N7. Interleukin-2 and acid-labile interferon were produced in amlr cultures but the cultured cells did not lyse any of a large variety of target cells, including monocytes, allogeneic lymphoblasts, transformed bovine B cells (BL3), bovine fibroblast and the natural killer cell targets D17 and K562, even in the presence of lectins or after co-stimulation in the amlr with antibodies to WC1, the γ/δ T cell lineage-specific cell-surface differentiation antigen. Ex vivo γ/δ T cells did not display lymphokine-activated killing whereas populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing α/β T cells did.
Analysis of carrier transport phenomena in high band gap II–VI-based MIS photovoltaic devices

Abstract High efficiency devices with band gaps in the 1.6–2.0 eV range are needed to develop high efficiency compound semiconductor tandem devices. CdSe with a band gap of 1.7 eV and Cd x Zn 1− x Te with a band gap that is tunable over this range show promise. Some success has been achieved with CdSe metal–insulator–semiconductor device structures. Using AMPS simulations we demonstrate that tunneling is not needed to achieve effective transport of light generated carriers across the intrinsic layer and good device performance. Fabrication of Cu/ZnSe/CdSe/transparent conductor devices has been guided by the simulation results, and measured performance data for these devices are found to be consistent with predictions. Guided by these insights short circuit current densities of 14.7 mA/cm 2 have been achieved without correction for Cu absorption. Open circuit voltages in excess of 400 mV have been achieved for Cu contacts; higher open circuit voltages are attained using Au, but losses in short circuit current occur. The key to further improvements in performance is development of p contacts with larger work function.
Evolution of the DASD storage control

This paper identifies the major requirements and design points for storage controls and describes how these requirements have been met over time. It also describes the interplay of three critical components of a subsystem: hardware technology, microcode, and software.
Solid electrolytes containing both mobile and immobile alkali ions

Abstract The basic structural feature of oxides with high alkali-ion conductivity is a rigid, three-dimensional network consisting of immobile cations and O2− anions, with the mobile alkali ions partially occupying an interstitial space that is interconnected in at least one dimension. In the best-known oxide solid electrolytes, all the alkali ions are mobile. Recently, however, high alkali-ion conductivity has been observed in materials having structures in which some of the alkali ions are incorporated into the rigid network. In this paper we will discuss why structures containing both mobile and immobile alkali ions are advantageous for solid electrolytes and review the properties of the new materials, one of which — Li14ZnGe4O16 — has the highest Li+ - ion conductivity so far reported.
Long-term results of anterior versus posterior operations for herniated cervical discs: analysis of 6,000 patients.

Objective: To analyze the long-term outcomes of anterior versus posterior approaches for cervical disc herniation. Methods: The records of 6,000 patients who had operations for cervical disc herniation (radiating arm pain and/or motor symptoms involving the upper extremity) and who had been followed for at least 2 years (mean: 7.1 years) were culled from the world literature and included in this analysis. The outcome (good/excellent, according to the patient) of anterior versus posterior surgery was compared. Results: Of the 6,000 patients, 2,888 (48.1%) had anterior operations (anterior cervical discectomies, with or without fusion) and 3,112 (51.9%) patients were operated on posteriorly (laminoforaminotomies/‘keyhole' facetectomies). Although initially equal, in long-term follow-up, patients who had anterior operations had 80% good/excellent results, whereas patients with the posterior approach had 94% good/excellent results. The difference was significant (p Conclusion: The better long-term results with the posterior operation might be due to the more complete opening of the foramen for neural decompression at the time of the operation and thereafter.
Identifying truck route choice priorities: the implications for travel models

This article identifies the truck routing priorities of freight companies through a survey of Washington state shippers, carriers, and receivers. To elicit these priorities, the survey prompted the respondents to rate 15 items believed to affect route choice decision making with respect to each item’s influence on route choice. Item response theory (IRT) and latent class analysis (LCA) highlights priorities that were common among all survey respondents and priorities that were different among the sample. Minimizing cost and meeting customer requirements were priorities for all. The influence of other items such as road grade, hours of service limits, and driver availability depended on whether the respondent was best described as a long-haul, local-regional, or urban trucking provider. These three classes of companies were derived from the LCA, and each class has a distinct response pattern to the 15 routing items. This result suggests that truck routing priorities are not constant and uniform across a state’s trucking industry but rather variable and largely dependent on trip length. The paper concludes with practical recommendations as to how these priorities can be implemented within a truck routing model.
Replacement Therapy with PTH(1–84)

Hypoparathyroidism, a rare disorder of mineral metabolism, is characterized biochemically by low serum calcium and low or undetectable parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Conventional therapy of hypoparathyroidism attempts to address these abnormalities by treatment with large, pharmacologic dosages of oral calcium, parent vitamin D, and/or active vitamin D. Yet there has been a clear need to improve the management of hypoparathyroidism with an approach that goes beyond the use of pharmacologic amounts of calcium and vitamin D. Hypoparathyroidism is the only classic hormone deficiency state for which approved replacement therapy is not available. Studies conducted over the past decade have investigated the use of PTH(1–84), the full length, native PTH molecule, as a therapy of hypoparathyroidism. The data from these studies indicate that PTH(1–84) is able to address many of the biochemical, renal, skeletal, and neuropsychological features of hypoparathyroidism to a greater extent than conventional treatment.
MicroRNA prediction with a novel ranking algorithm based on random walks

MicroRNA (miRNAs) play essential roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation in animals and plants. Several existing computational approaches have been developed to complement experimental methods in discovery of miRNAs that express restrictively in specific environmental conditions or cell types. These computational methods require a sufficient number of characterized miRNAs as training samples, and rely on genome annotation to reduce the number of predicted putative miRNAs. However, most sequenced genomes have not been well annotated and many of them have a very few experimentally characterized miRNAs. As a result, the existing methods are not effective or even feasible for identifying miRNAs in these genomes. Aiming at identifying miRNAs from genomes with a few known miRNA and/or little annotation, we propose and develop a novel miRNA prediction method, miRank, based on our new random walks-based ranking algorithm. We first tested our method on Homo sapiens genome; using a very few known human miRNAs as samples, our method achieved a prediction accuracy greater than 95%. We then applied our method to predict 200 miRNAs in Anopheles gambiae, which is the most important vector of malaria in Africa. Our further study showed that 78 out of the 200 putative miRNA precursors encode mature miRNAs that are conserved in at least one other animal species. These conserved putative miRNAs are good candidates for further experimental study to understand malaria infection. Availability: MiRank is programmed in Matlab on Windows platform. The source code is available upon request. Contact: zhang@cse.wustl.edu
Pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of liposomal hydromorphone suitable for perioperative use in rhesus macaques

This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic, behavioral, and motor effects of a liposomal preparation of hydromorphone hydrochloride (LE-hydro) in rhesus monkeys. We administered either 2 mg/kg of LE-hydro (n = 8) subcutaneous (s.c.) or 0.1 mg/kg of standard pharmaceutical hydromorphone HCl (hydro) preparation either intravenous (i.v.; n = 4) or s.c. (n = 5). Serial blood samples were drawn after injection and analyzed for serum hydro concentration by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Following s.c. injection of 0.1 mg/kg hydro or 2 mg/kg LE-hydro, behavioral evaluations were conducted in groups of rhesus monkeys (n = 10/group) in the presence of a compatible stimulus animal and motor skills were also evaluated (n = 10/group). The motor skills test consisted of removing a food reward (carrot ring) from either a straight peg (simple task) or a curved peg (difficult task). LE-hydro (MRT0-INF = 105.9 h) demonstrated extended-release pharmacokinetics compared to hydro when administered by either i.v. (MRT0-INF =1.1 h) or s.c. (MRT0-INF =1.3 h) routes. Hydro did not affect motor performance of the simpler task, but the monkeys’ performance deteriorated on the more difficult task at 0.5 and 1 h after injection. LE-hydro had no effect on motor skills in either the simpler or more difficult task. The results of these studies indicate that LE-hydro has a pharmacokinetic and behavioral side effects profile consistent with an analgesic that could be tested for surgical use in animals. Our studies also expand the use of rhesus monkeys as a translational behavioral pharmacodynamics model for testing extended-release opioid medication.
Visions of the Social: Society as a Political Project in France, 1750–1950

By Jean Terrier (Leiden: Brill, 2011), xxxi + 216 pp. $136.00 cloth.Published as part of the International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology series, Jean Terrier’s volume claims to be a ...
Problems and issues in the management of international data communications networks: the experiences of American companies

The trend toward global competition is increasing the importance of international data communications networks. Indeed, many executives believe such networks are critical to their company's future success. The challenge for these companies is to successfully establish and manage a global network to facilitate the transfer of data across international borders. Prior to this study, however, little was known about the problems involved with developing a global network or about the factors contributing to their success. A survey of American companies indicates that the major problems encountered with global networks are technical in nature, related primarily to the quality of foreign telephone network services. These technical problems, however, are exacerbated by politically imposed constraints that are strict firms' options for managing their global network. Respondents also express concern about the lack of adequate top management to support to deal with the problems involved in running a global network. The study also finds that both management policies and firm characteristics that affect the successful operation of a global transfer are more satisfied with their networks than are firms that d not have such a help center. In addition, firms that use their networks to exchange data with outside parties (e.g., customers or suppliers0 are also more satisfied with their networks than are firms that only exchange data internally.
Acoustic navigation for Arctic under-ice AUV missions

In the Spring of 1994, the dynamical and mechanical behavior of the Artic ice cover was studied from an ice camp deployed in the Beaufort Sea, 2-300 nm north of Prudoe Bay. The periodic measurement of the under-ice topography is a key component of the experiment, and the authors make use of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) technology to provide a cost effective alternative to the use of nuclear submarines. As a proof of concept, the AUV Odyssey was used to obtain ice-topographic data from areas located up to 10 km from the base camp. Accurate and reliable navigation is crucial to successful completion of the mission and recovery of the vehicle. The planned mission is described together with the associated requirements for vehicle technology, with particular emphasis on the development of a robust, very long baseline acoustic navigation system. >
Rate distortion when side information may be absent

The problem is considered of encoding a discrete memoryless source when correlated side information may or may not be available to the decoder. It is assumed that the side information is not available to the encoder. The rate-distortion function R (D_{l}, D_{2}) is determined where D_{1} is the distortion achieved with side information and D_{2} is the distortion achieved without it. A generalization is made to the case of m decoders, each of which is privy to its own side information. An appropriately defined D -admissible rate for this general case is shown to equal R(D) when the side information sources satisfy a specified degradedness condition. Explicit results are obtained in the quadratic Gaussian case and in the binary Hamming case.
EFFECTS OF LESIONS UPON THALAMICALLY INDUCED ELECTROCORTICAL DESYNCHRONIZATION AND RECRUITING.

Abstract 1. (1) Unilateral lesions rostral to thalamic recruiting sites altered, attenuated, or abolished cortical recruiting, bilaterally. Lesions involving n. reticularis and n. ventralis anterior were most effective in abolishing recruiting responses, while more rostral lesions including n. caudatus and n. prothalamicus either raised the threshold or delayed the development of recruiting. 2. (2) Desynchronization produced by high frequency stimulation of the same sites in the thalamus was not affected by such rostrally placed lesions, but was abolished by lesions caudal to the site of stimulation, at the level of the posterior commissure. 3. (3) The results indicate that pathways mediating recruiting responses (low frequency stimulation) and those subserving desynchronization (high frequency stimulation) are different; the former course rostrally, and the latter caudally, apparently via the mesencephalic reticular formation.
‘ Que el cielo un soldado en cada hijo te dio …’: Conscription, Recalcitrance and Resistance in Mexico in the 1940s

Conscription and resistance to it can tell us much about state–society relations in Mexico in the 1940s. The state's implementation of conscription was obstructed by limited bureaucratic and coercive capacity, and by the continued political autonomy of the regions. Popular protests and the hundreds of petitions sent to the central government provide a glimpse of popular views of the army, state, nation, notions of respectability, and the family. The extent of both violent and more ‘loyal’ resistance to the draft shows the continued vigorous contestation of state policies by Mexican society at different levels, and it illustrates the limits to the popular legitimacy of the central state.
L45. Aortitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and IgG4-related disease.

La Presse Medicale - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mardi 5 mars 2013
Synthetic cannabinoids: the multi-organ failure and metabolic derangements associated with getting high

Synthetic cannabinoids (SC), though not detected with routine urine toxicology screening, can cause severe metabolic derangements and widespread deleterious effects in multiple organ systems. The diversity of effects is related to the wide distribution of cannabinoid receptors in multiple organ systems. Both cannabinoid-receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated effects can result in severe cardiovascular, renal, and neurologic manifestations. We report the case of a 45-year-old African American male with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, subarachnoid hemorrhage, reversible cardiomyopathy, acute rhabdomyolysis, and severe metabolic derangement associated with the use of K2, an SC. Though each of these complications has been independently associated with SCs, the combination of these effects in a single patient has not been heretofore reported. This case demonstrates the range and severity of complications associated with the recreational use of SCs. Though now banned in the United States, use of systemic cannabinoids is still prevalent, especially among adolescents. Clinicians should be aware of their continued use and the potential for harm. To prevent delay in diagnosis, tests to screen for these substances should be made more readily available. Keywords: Synthetic Cannabinoids; K2; Spice; subarachnoid hemorrhage; reversible cardiomyopathy; rhabdomyolysis; STEMI; multiorgan failure; JWH-018; JWH-073 (Published: 1 September 2015) Citation: Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives 2015, 5 : 27540 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jchimp.v5.27540
A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals

Preventable healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in US hospitals. Preventing these infections is a national priority, with initiatives led by healthcare organizations, professional associations, government and accrediting agencies, legislators, regulators, payers, and consumer advocacy groups. To assist acute care hospitals in focusing and prioritizing efforts to implement evidence-based practices for prevention of HAIs, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Infectious Diseases Society of America Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee appointed a task force to create a concise compendium of recommendations for the prevention of common HAIs. This compendium is implementation focused and differs from most previously published guidelines in that it highlights a set of basic HAI prevention strategies plus special approaches for use in locations and/or populations within the hospital when infections are not controlled by use of basic practices, recommends that accountability for implementing infection prevention practices be assigned to specific groups and individuals, and includes proposed performance measures for internal quality improvement efforts.
Large area epitaxial germanane for electronic devices

We report the synthesis and transfer of epitaxial germanane (GeH) onto arbitrary substrates by electrochemical delamination and investigate its optoelectronic properties. GeH films with thickness ranging from 1 to 600 nm (2–1000 layers) and areas up to ~1 cm2 have been reliably transferred and characterized by photoluminescence, x-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Wavelength dependent photoconductivity measurements on few-layer GeH exhibit an absorption edge and provide a sensitive characterization tool for ultrathin germanane materials. The transfer process also enables the possibility of integrating germanane into vertically stacked heterostructures.
Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention

In recent years, research on mindfulness has burgeoned across several lines of scholarship. Nevertheless, very little empirical research has investigated mindfulness from a workplace perspective. In the study reported here, we address this oversight by examining workplace mindfulness – the degree to which individuals are mindful in their work setting. We hypothesize that, in a dynamic work environment, workplace mindfulness is positively related to job performance and negatively related to turnover intention, and that these relationships account for variance beyond the effects of constructs occupying a similar conceptual space – namely, the constituent dimensions of work engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption). Testing these claims in a dynamic service industry context, we find support for a positive relationship between workplace mindfulness and job performance that holds even when accounting for all three work engagement dimensions. We also find support for a negative relationship between workplace mindfulness and turnover intention, though this relationship becomes insignificant when accounting for the dimensions of work engagement. We consider the theoretical and practical implications of these findings and highlight a number of avenues for conducting research on mindfulness in the workplace.
Design and optimization of pin fin heat sinks for low velocity applications

In a number of electronic cooling applications, the air flow velocity and direction are not very well defined or controlled. In these applications, pin fin heat sinks are widely used because they are not sensitive to air flow direction. A study was undertaken to optimize the design of pin fin heat sinks for use in low velocity applications where there is plenty of open space around for the air to bypass the heat sink, if it encounters high pressure drop across it. The goal of this study was to maximize the thermal performance and keep the design such that it is easily manufacturable to keep the cost low. A special test fixture using a heat flux meter was designed to test the heat sinks for thermal performance. Several aluminum pin fin heat sinks having a 25/spl times/25 mm base size, heights from 5 to 25 mm, pin arrays of 4/spl times/4 to 8/spl times/8, and pin fin cross sections from 1.5/spl times/1.5 mm to 2.5/spl times/2.5 mm were fabricated and tested for thermal performance. Some of the commercial aluminum heat sinks with various surface finishes (such as black anodized, gold chromated, clear anodized and untreated) were also evaluated to determine the effect of surface treatment on thermal performance. The heat sink tester and the test data for the heat sinks used in this optimization study are reviewed in this paper. The results show that it is possible to design an optimum pin fin heat sink for any flow situation. However, it is not realistic to have several heat sink designs to cover various applications. In low velocity (about 1 m/s or less) open flow situations, the best compromise for pin fin heat sink with about 25/spl times/25 mm base size and heights up to 15 mm is the 6/spl times/6 pin fin configuration with fin cross-sections of 1.5/spl times/1.5 mm.
Calculating Cornell voltage from nonstandard chest electrode recording site in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study

Abstract Background To minimize participants' burden and the need for disrobing, a 7-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording using a single mid-sternal chest lead was recorded at the initial stages of The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Electrocardiogram-detected left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) by Cornell voltage (RaVL + S-wave amplitude in V 3 [SV 3 ]) cannot be assessed from this method because of the absence of V 3 . We examined the possibility that the S-wave amplitude in the mid-sternal lead (SV) could be used as a surrogate for SV 3 . Methods The REGARDS study is a US national study where 7-lead ECGs were performed in 8,330 (29%) participants and standard 12-lead EGCs were performed in 20 811 (71%). Cornell voltage was calculated as the sum of aVL amplitude + SV (in the 7-lead group) or SV 3 (in the 12-lead group). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine and compare the magnitude of the association between the LVH risk factors with ECG-LVH in both groups, and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine and compare the hazard ratios of overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality associated with ECG-LVH in both groups. Results Regardless of the Cornell voltage calculation method, ECG-LVH was significantly associated with LVH risk factors; and with the exception of sex, there was no evidence of a difference in the magnitude of the association. ECG-LVH from both approaches were significantly and similarly associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion ECG-LVH by Cornell voltage calculated from a 7-lead ECG (using SV in the formula) has demographic and clinical associations that are similar to that calculated from a standard 12-lead ECG (using SV 3 ). In epidemiologic studies recording 7-lead ECG, SV could be used as an alternative to SV 3 in the Cornell voltage formula.
Infrastructure, Wages and Land Prices

The importance of infrastructure investment and its contribution to welfare has been the subject of considerable recent debate in both policy and academic circles. In this study, I propose a somewhat different treatment of infrastructure than has previously been adopted. Specifically, I model infrastructure investment as a local public good, and discuss how to measure its costs and benefits in this context. Section 6.2 of this study provides a synthesis of two models which have traditionally been used to examine the effects of local attributes, including fiscal attributes and infrastructure, on local economies. Recent research on the impact of fiscal policy has roughly been concentrated in two areas: studies which calculate “willingness to pay” for local attributes by estimating implicit price models, and studies which attempt to calculate the direct effect of infrastructure stocks and other public policy instruments on aggregate variables like employment and output. Section 6.3 shows that these two approaches should not be considered exclusively of each other and provides a simple general equilibrium framework which incorporates elements of each.
Assessment of fluorinated steroids to avert progression and mortality in anti-SSA/Ro-associated cardiac injury limited to the fetal conduction system

Objectives Extension of disease beyond the atrioventricular (AV) node is associated with increased mortality in cardiac neonatal lupus (NL). Treatment of isolated heart block with fluorinated steroids to prevent disease progression has been considered but published data are limited and discordant regarding efficacy. This study evaluated whether fluorinated steroids given to manage isolated advanced block prevented development of disease beyond the AV node and conferred a survival benefit. Methods In this retrospective study of cases enrolled in the Research Registry for NL, inclusion was restricted to anti-SSA/Ro-exposed cases presenting with isolated advanced heart block in utero who either received fluorinated steroids within 1 week of detection (N=71) or no treatment (N=85). Outcomes evaluated were: development of endocardial fibroelastosis, dilated cardiomyopathy and/or hydrops fetalis; mortality and pacemaker implantation. Results In Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, fluorinated steroids did not significantly prevent development of disease beyond the AV node (adjusted HR=0.90; 95% CI 0.43 to 1.85; p=0.77), reduce mortality (HR=1.63; 95% CI 0.43 to 6.14; p=0.47) or forestall/prevent pacemaker implantation (HR=0.87; 95% CI 0.57 to 1.33; p=0.53). No risk factors for development of disease beyond the AV node were identified. Conclusions These data do not provide evidence to support the use of fluorinated steroids to prevent disease progression or death in cases presenting with isolated heart block.
Conformational stability of ethylenediamine from temperature dependent infrared spectra of liquid xenon solutions, r0 structural parameters, ab initio calculations, and vibrational assignments

Abstract Variable temperature (−55 to −100 °C) studies of the infrared spectra (4000–400 cm−1) of ethylenediamine, NH2CH2CH2NH2, dissolved in liquid xenon and the infrared spectra in the gaseous phase have been carried out. From these data, three of the possible ten conformers have been identified, and the enthalpy differences have been determined among the most stable g′G′g′ conformer and the second stable conformer, g′G′t, to be 64 ± 6 cm−1 (0.77 ± 0.07 kJ mol−1) and the third conformer, gG′g′, to be 210 ± 19 cm−1 (2.51 ± 0.23 kJ mol−1). The first indicator is the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen-1 atom with respect to the NCC angle (g = gauche or t = trans) and the second indicator is the NCCN dihedral angle (G = gauche or T = trans) and the third one similar to the first one but with respect to nitrogen-2. The percentage of each conformer at ambient temperature is estimated to be 47 ± 1% of g′G′g′, 36 ± 2% of g′G′t and 17 ± 2% of gG′g′. The conformational stabilities have been predicted from ab initio calculations by utilizing several different basis sets up to aug-cc-PVTZ for both MP2(full) and density functional theory calculations by the B3LYP method. By utilizing previously reported microwave rotational constants along with ab initio MP2(full)/6-311+G(d,p) predicted structural values, adjusted r0 parameters have been obtained for the two most stable conformers. The determined heavy atom structural parameters for the g′G′g′ [g′G′t] conformer are: the distances (A) N1–C2 = 1.472(3) [1.470(3)], C2–C3 = 1.526(3) [1.532(3)], N4–C3 = 1.464(3) [1.463(3)] and the angles (°)∠N1C2C3 = 109.7(5) [109.7(5)], ∠N4C3C2 = 109.5(5) [115.3(5)] and τN1C2C3N4 = 63.5(5) [59.7(5)]. Vibrational assignments have been provided for most of the observed bands which have been supported by MP2(full)/6-31G(d) ab initio calculations to predict harmonic force fields, frequencies and infrared intensities for all three conformers. The results are discussed and compared to the corresponding properties of some similar molecules.
Harnessing the power of RADseq for ecological and evolutionary genomics

High-throughput techniques based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) are enabling the low-cost discovery and genotyping of thousands of genetic markers for any species, including non-model organisms, which is revolutionizing ecological, evolutionary and conservation genetics. Technical differences among these methods lead to important considerations for all steps of genomics studies, from the specific scientific questions that can be addressed, and the costs of library preparation and sequencing, to the types of bias and error inherent in the resulting data. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of RADseq methods to aid researchers in choosing among the many different approaches and avoiding erroneous scientific conclusions from RADseq data, a problem that has plagued other genetic marker types in the past.