cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clockwork: A new movement in autonomic systems

Statically tuned computing systems may perform poorly when running time-varying workloads. Current work on autonomic tuning largely involves reactive autonomicity, based on feedback control. This paper identifies a new way of thinking about autonomic tuning, that is, predictive autonomicity, based on feedforward control. A general method, called Clockwork, for constructing predictive autonomic systems is proposed. The method is based on statistical modeling, tracking, and forecasting techniques borrowed from econometrics. Systems employing the method detect and subsequently forecast cyclic variations in load, estimate the impact on future performance, and use these data to self-tune, dynamically, in anticipation of need. The paper describes a prototype network-attached storage system that was built using Clockwork, demonstrating the feasibility of the method, and presents key performance measurements of the prototype, demonstrating the practicality of the methods.
₁¹H+ - and ₂⁴He+ - induced M-shell x-ray-production cross sections for selected elements in the rare-earth region

Article on ₁¹H+ and ₂⁴He+ -induced M-shell x-ray-production cross sections for selected elements in the rare-earth region.
On the Momentum, Vorticity and Mass Balance on the Oregon Shelf

Abstract Velocity measurements from the continental shelf off Oregon taken during the Coastal Upwelling Experiment CUE-2 in the summer of 1973 are utilized to investigate momentum, vorticity and mass balance relationships for subinertial frequency (ω < 0.6 cpd) current fluctuations. Measurements from stations in water of depths of 54, 100 and 200 m are utilized. By a comparison of the magnitude of terms involving horizontal velocities in the linear momentum and in the nonlinear, depth-integrated momentum equations, support is found for the linear geostrophic balance of the alongshore velocity in the onshore-offshore momentum equation and, in the depth range 100 m ≤ H ≤ 200 m, for a linear ageostrophic balance in the alongshore momentum equation. Evidence is also found to support the validity of a linear depth-integrated vorticity balance, again for depths 100 m ≤ H ≤ 200 m. In this balance, which is similar to that in the theory for continental shelf waves, the interaction of the onshore velocity with the...
Assured Upper Bounds via Complementary Energy

The problem of obtaining predictable bounds for the buckling loads of columns and plates by using the complementary energy method is reexamined. It is shown that if the admissible moments are further required to be orthogonal to all self-equilibrated moments, then the method is assured of yielding an upper bound. Explicit constraints for moments to be admissible are derived. The procedure for obtaining admissible functions is examined and is demonstrated in examples.
Experimental and simulation investigations of acoustic cavitation in megasonic cleaning

Extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography has become the technique of choice to print the ever-shrinking nanoscale features on the silicon wafer. For successful transfer of patterns on to the wafer, the EUV photomask cannot contain defects greater than 30 nm. Megasonic cleaning is a very successful cleaning technique for removal of particles on photomasks, but also causes a relatively high amount of damage to the fragile EUV photomasks thin film structures. Though it is believed that acoustic cavitation is the primary phenomenon responsible for cleaning as well as pattern damage, a fundamental picture of the acoustic cavitation mechanisms in play during megasonic cleaning has not yet clearly emerged. In this study, we characterize the role of acoustic cavitation in megasonic cleaning by examining the effects of acoustic power densities, cleaning solution properties, and dissolved gas content on cavitation via experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. MD is an atomistic computation technique capable of modeling atomic-level and nanoscale processes accurately making it well suited to study the effect of cavitation on nano-sized particles and patterns.
Cutaneous manifestations in leukemia patients

Cutaneous complications are common in patients with leukemia. However, the cause is not always immediately clear, as there are often numerous potential etiologies. Thrombocytopenia or coagulopathy can result in ecchymoses or petechiae, whereas extramedullary (EM) involvement by leukemia can present as a rash. Leukemia can also result in skin manifestations via indirect means, including several types of paraneoplastic phenomena. Moreover, various agents routinely used to treat leukemia-most notably cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside)-can precipitate quite profound skin eruptions. Finally, infections, including fungal invasion of the skin, can be responsible for rashes, as can the vast array of antimicrobials that are administered to leukemia patients.
10 Gb/s Monolithically Integrated, Photocurrent Driven Wavelength Converter with Widely Tunable SGDBR Laser and Optical Receiver

A monolithically integrated photocurrent driven wavelength converter is fabricated and characterized. Bit-Error-Rate measurements at 10Gb/s show 1dB power penalties over 32nm with extinction ratios between 8.5-9.5dB. Input power is-11dBm and conversion efficiency is +13dB.
Changes in fat-free mass and fat mass in postpartum women: a comparison of body composition models

OBJECTIVES: (1) To compare 2-, 3- and 4-component models of body composition based on total body water (TBW), underwater weighing (UWW), skinfold thicknesses (SF), total body potassium (TBK), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC); (2) to compare postpartum changes in body composition estimated by the 2-, 3- and 4-component models and (3) to test for an effect of pregnancy or lactation on the hydration, density and potassium content of fat free mass (FFM) in postpartum women. DESIGN: Longitudinal measurements of body composition at 3, 6 and 12 months postpartum. SUBJECTS: Thirty-five healthy postpartum women, aged 30.2±3.5 y. MEASUREMENTS: Body composition was estimated by 2-component models based on TBW, UWW, SF, TBK, DXA or TOBEC; 3-component models based on TBW and UWW (Fuller 3, Siri 3); and a 4-component model (Fuller 4) based on TBW, UWW and bone mineral content. RESULTS: Systematic differences were seen among the various body composition models, with the following ranking from lowest to highest estimate of fat mass (FM): TOBEC, TBW, Fuller 3, Siri 3, Fuller 4, UWW, SF, TBK, and DXA. Estimated changes in FFM and FM were not significantly different among methods, except for the 3–6 months FFM and FM changes estimated from TBW, which differed from SF, DXA, and TOBEC. Pregnancy-induced changes in the hydration, density and potassium content of FFM were not evident by 3 months postpartum (0.73±0.02, 1.099±0.015 kg/l and 2.31±0.10 g/kg, respectively). CONCLUSION: In spite of systematic differences among body composition models for the measurement of FFM and FM, changes in FFM and FM did not differ significantly among the models. Since there was no apparent effect of pregnancy or lactation on the postpartum composition of FFM, 2-component models of body composition are acceptable for use in postpartum women beyond the puerperium.
Morphology development and taxonomy of loramyces

Loramyces is a genus of freshwater Ascomycetes with two known species, L. juncicola and L. macrospora. Developmental and morphological studies show that Loramyces is best placed in the Helotiales, although it is usually classified in the Sphaeriales. Loramyces shows many adaptations to its exclusively aquatic environment, which have led to the difficulties in classification. The ascoma, which is surrounded by excipular hyphae at maturity, is wide open when immature. In mature ascomata, both the structure of the excipulum and of the paraphyses suggest affinity with the Helotiales. Ascus and ascospore characters are not comparable with those of any other genera and these features, in combination with the excipular characters, are such that the genus cannot be accommodated in any existing family, requiring that the family Loramycetaceae be validated for placement in the Helotiales. The anamorph of Loramyces juncicola, here referred to the form-genus Anguillospora, is described.
Resolution Analysis of Wide-azimuth Angle Decomposition For Wave-equation Migration

Angle-dependent reflectivity constructed from an extended imaging condition, applied to the extrapolated source and receiver wavefields, can be employed to velocity/anisotropy estimation and amplitude versus angle (AVA) analysis. This imaging condition allows one to construct images as a function not only of three-dimensional position but also space lags of the source/receiver wavefield cross-correlation. The information in the space-lag domain can be mapped into the angle domain which is defined by the reflection and azimuthal angles at every image point. The relationship between sampling parameters in the angle and space-lag domain, together with the equations used to perform the mapping, show that the sample interval in the space-lag domain controls the range of angles that can be accurately recovered from the image. From the amplitude spectrum of the lag-domain common-image gathers, we can calculate the maximum angle that limits this range. The range of space-lags also influences the sampling interval in the angle domain. This analysis is important for the case where the angle-domain common-image gathers are employed for amplitude versus angle analysis. In this case, the amplitudes corresponding to the angles outside of this range would not be reliable, regardless of how accurate wavefield reconstruction is.
50 Years of Nonlinear Optics, Tunable sources from OPOs to Coherent X-rays

A look back at the early days of the laser and nonlinear interactions will be contrasted to the recent breakthroughs in solid state lasers and the applications to fundamental science of gravitational wave detection, laser acceleration, and laser inertial fusion for energy production. Article not available.
Bandwidth of non-contact vital sign detection with a noise suppression phase locked loop

In a dual-carrier vital sign detection system, we have designed a noise suppression scheme that uses phase locked loop (PLL) to automatically suppress the noise induced by range correlation and transmission paths. The system uses two microwave carriers at 5.6 and 5.68 GHz generated by two phase locked signal generators to extract the noise and vital sign respectively. The feedback microwave signals are mixed with local 5.68-GHz signal to transfer to the vial sign signal and low frequency intermediate frequency (IF) signal. When the IF signal corresponding to 5.68 GHz microwave signal is locked to a highly stable low noise reference, the noises of IF signal and vital sign signal are suppressed as their corresponding microwave signals are highly correlated. In this system, the noise suppression performance is related to the bandwidth of the PLL, which needs to be carefully designed. Through the theoretical analysis, initial bandwidth is chosen to be 200 Hz. Then the charge pump current is changed to adjust the bandwidth and the corresponding noise suppression performance is evaluated using experiments. The results show the system with a charge pump current 0.625 mA, which corresponds to about 50 Hz bandwidth, exhibits a better noise performance. In addition, at different bandwidth, the vital sign detection system is compared with a design scheme with unlocked PLL and demonstrates superior performance at all bandwidths.
Energy harvesting from arterial blood pressure for powering embedded brain sensors

This paper investigates energy harvesting from arterial blood pressure via the piezoelectric effect by using a novel streaked cylinder geometry for the purpose of powering embedded micro-sensors in the brain. Initially, we look at the energy harvested by a piezoelectric cylinder placed inside an artery acted upon by blood pressure. Such an arrangement would be tantamount to constructing a stent out of piezoelectric materials. A stent is a cylinder placed in veins and arteries to prevent obstruction in blood flow. The governing equations of a conductor coated piezoelectric cylinder are obtained using Hamilton’s principle. Pressure acting in arteries is radially directed and this is used to simplify the modal analysis and obtain the transfer function relating pressure to the induced voltage across the surface of the harvester. The power harvested by the cylindrical harvester is obtained for different shunt resistances. Radially directed pressure occurs elsewhere and we also look at harvesting energy from oil flow in pipelines. Although the energy harvested by the cylindrical energy harvester is significant at resonance, the natural frequency of the system is found to be very high. To decrease the natural frequency, we propose a novel streaked stent design by cutting it along the length, transforming it to a curved plate and decreasing the natural frequency. The governing equations corresponding to the new geometry are derived using Hamilton’s principle and modal analysis is used to obtain the transfer function.
So Tall within: The Legacy of Sojourner Truth

In an article framed by the story of Sojourner Truth’s struggle to reclaim her child from slavery, Professor Davis argues that those who defied slavery and its sequelae by voicing parental claims enriched American democratic theory. They did so by revealing, first, the significance of family abrogation as an aspect of the slave's civil death, and then, the importance to civil society of a democratic citizen's liberty in matters of family.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED－CONCENTRATED CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRIC FURNACE SMELTING PROCESS

The paper put forward three- phase current control strategy for the electric furnace smelting process.Three－phase electrodes controllers were designed with the aid of EUROTHERM DCS equipments，which has been successfully applied in a certain ferroalloy factory. Thus the electric furnace production au-tomation and on－line management were accomplished. Therefore. the ferroalloy production level came up to advanced world standards.
Learning From Critical Collective Spaces: Reflections on the Community-Diversity Dialectic in Safe Spaces

Safe spaces have the potential to become prefigurative groups that aim to create social change. The idea of a safe space as a place separate and sheltered from dominant culture to mobilize for social change has gained traction in a number of academic and practical areas. However, safe spaces have the ability to be both progressive and regressive. To guide our discussion we utilize the concept of community-diversity dialectic to address the tension between these forces within two settings. First we discuss research in an upper level college course rooted in feminist praxis. Then we discuss a faith community’s use of adaptive liturgy with parishioners with intellectual disabilities. Following this discussion, we offer a new term, “critical collective spaces”, to better capture the work done in these spaces. We offer this alternative label to move popular and academic discourse away from debating about how “safe” these spaces are (or are not) and toward a more nuanced discussion of the community-diversity dialectic and other tensions within these spaces. Our overall intention is to generate dialogue on the regressive and progressive aspects of these locations and to inform the activism and community building process within prefigurative politics more broadly.
Methylphenidate in mildly depressed outpatients.

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate (30 mg. per day) was conducted with 101 general practice and symptomatic volunteer patients diagnosed as mildly to moderately depressed with concomitant fatigue or apathy. Patient but not physician measures demonstrated significantly more improvement with methylphenidate than with placebo. More than 50 per cent of the patients reported side effects, somewhat unexpectedly. Patients on placebo reported side effects as frequently as did those on methylphenidate.
Recovery of yttrium and neodymium from copper pregnant leach solutions by solvent extraction

The solvent extraction of yttrium and neodymium from copper pregnant leach solutions (PLS) using Primene JM-T, a primary aliphatic amine, has been studied. Effect of contact time, pH, sulfate concentration, and extractant concentration were investigated using synthetic and actual PLS systems. Standard experimental conditions were 5 minute contact time, pH ~2.5, and 10 % v/v Primene JM-T concentration. Distribution isotherms were constructed for the pure systems and for actual copper leach solutions. Synthetic solutions contained 100 ppm Y and ~75 ppm Nd. Samples of PLS contained 2 – 10 ppm Nd and 14 – 30 ppm Y. Results showed that complete extraction of both yttrium and neodymium occurred within five minutes and at pH values greater than 1. It was also found that sulfate concentration does not inhibit extraction at any concentration. Additionally, the distribution isotherms created show that extraction for these metals can operationally take place in one stage.
Clinical Significance of Increased or Decreased Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes

Many causes for an increased or decreased serum alkaline phosphatase exist. This article identifies these causes.
Medical School Ranking and Student Research Opportunities.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the current state of student research opportunities in a sample of US medical schools ranked in three different tiers. METHODS The authors examined the websites for five US medical schools in each of the first, second, and third tiers per National Institutes of Health funding and U.S. News & World Report rankings. Available research opportunities were identified and categorized. RESULTS There were 26 schools in the first (n=6), second (n=10), and third (n=10) tiers. From the first, second, and third tiers, 4/6 (67%), 1/10 (10%) and none, respectively, required a research experience (p=0.003); 6/6 (100%), 4/10 (40%) and 1/10 (10%), respectively, offered internally funded one-year research (p=0.002); and 5/6 (83%), 4/10 (40%) and 2/10 (20%), respectively, offered student research days (p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS Higher ranked schools provided more opportunities for student research by providing internally funded one-year research, requiring research, and offering student research days. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2016-10.asp].
Dielectric processes in heavy oils

The electrical conductivity of Catalytic Cracking Bottoms is presented in Figure 1, as a function of temperature at 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 Hz. It was shown earlier by Maruska et al. [2] that at elevated temperatures the conductivity is controlled by a mechanism which is independent of frequency, and thus all of the curves merge as shown. At the higher temperatures the dielectric constant also becomes independent of frequency. At lower temperatures, both the conductivity and the dielectric constant become frequency dependent. This conductivity regime involves the rotation of permanent dipoles under the influence of the applied alternating electric field.
The financial accelerator and the optimal state-dependent contract

Abstract In the financial accelerator literature pioneered by Bernanke et al. (1999) entrepreneurs are myopic and risk-neutral, and loans have a predetermined rate of return by assumption. We relax these assumptions and derive the optimal state-dependent loan contract for forward-looking risk-averse entrepreneurs. We show that financial frictions deliver less amplification under the optimal state-dependent contract.
Chromosome Conformation Paints Reveal the Role of Lamina Association in Genome Organization and Regulation

Non-random, dynamic three-dimensional organization of the nucleus is important for regulation of gene expression. Numerous studies using chromosome conformation capture strategies have uncovered ensemble organizational principles of individual chromosomes, including organization into active (A) and inactive (B) compartments. In addition, large inactive regions of the genome appear to be associated with the nuclear lamina, the so-called Lamina Associated Domains (LADs). However, the interrelationship between overall chromosome conformation and association of domains with the nuclear lamina remains unclear. In particular, the 3D organization of LADs within the context of the entire chromosome has not been investigated. In this study, we describe “chromosome conformation paints” to determine the relationship in situ between LAD and non-LAD regions of the genome in single cells. We find that LADs organize into constrained and compact regions at the nuclear lamina, and these findings are supported by an integrated analysis of both DamID and Hi-C data. Using a refined algorithm to identify active (A) and inactive (B) compartments from Hi-C data, we demonstrate that the LADs correspond to the B compartment. We demonstrate that in situ single cell chromosome organization is strikingly predicted by integrating both Hi-C and DamID data into a chromosome conformation model. In addition, using the chromosome conformation paints, we demonstrate that LAD (and B-compartment) organization is dependent upon both chromatin state and Lamin A/C. Finally, we demonstrate that small regions within LADs escape the repressive regime at the peripheral zone to interact with the A-compartment and are enriched for both transcription start sites (TSSs) and active enhancers.
Position-based multi-agent dynamics for real-time crowd simulation

Exploiting the efficiency and stability of Position-Based Dynamics (PBD), we introduce a novel crowd simulation method that runs at interactive rates for hundreds of thousands of agents. Our method enables the detailed modeling of per-agent behavior in a Lagrangian formulation. We model short-range and long-range collision avoidance constraints to simulate both sparse and dense crowds. The local short-range interaction is represented with collision and frictional contact between agents, as in the discrete simulation of granular materials. We incorporate a cohesion model for modeling collective behaviors and propose a new constraint for dealing with potential future collisions. Our new real-time crowd simulation method is suitable for use in interactive games.
Abstract 1552: Integrative bioinformatics analyses of ChIP seq and RNA seq data reveals a complex regulatory landscape of NRF1 network involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer

The expression of redox sensitive transcription factor -nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) expression significantly correlates with histological grades and prognosis of breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism by which NRF1 may contribute in the development of breast cancer is not clear. In this study we examined whether NRF1 is a molecular risk factor of breast cancer. We also identified regulatory landscape of NRF1 network involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Steps followed for the investigation included the selection of mRNA microarray dataset from TCGA and Metabric, selection and analysis of ChIP-Seq datasets from different breast cancer cell lines to identify NRF1 target genes possibly involved in breast cancer through Molecular Pathway, Gene Ontology and statistical analysis. Analysis of mRNA expression in breast cancer patients showed that NRF1 was significantly overexpressed in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. ChIP-Seq analysis of two different breast cancer cell line - MCF7 and T7D showed that there are more than 8,000 genes, which contain NRF1 binding DNA motif(s). The NRF1 binding to ChIP DNA sequences of target gene is cell context dependent. High percentage of known breast cancer (~50%) susceptibility genes are transcriptional targets of NRF1. Network analysis revealed that NRF1 regulates genes, which are key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, cell apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, chromosomal integrity, and DNA damage and repair. Furthermore, we observed that NRF1 regulates target genes of both breast cancer and cancer KEGG pathways. Many of the MicroRNAs involved in cancer and genes of signaling pathways involved in cancer initiation and progression such as MAPK, PI3K/AKT and Notch signaling are also transcriptional targets of NRF1. In summary, this study reveals a complex regulatory landscape of NRF1 network involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Dysregulation of NRF1 signaling pathways may contribute in the development of breast cancer. Clinical confirmation of our study will have significant impact on our understanding of the role of NRF1 as a valuable biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis and will provide strong rationale for the future studies to further develop NRF1 for breast cancer therapeutic target. This work was in part supported by a VA MERIT Review (VA BX001463) grant to DR. Citation Format: Jairo Ramos, Deodutta Roy. Integrative bioinformatics analyses of ChIP seq and RNA seq data reveals a complex regulatory landscape of NRF1 network involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1552. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-1552
A Survey of the Advancing Use and Development of Machine Learning in Smart Manufacturing.

Abstract Machine learning (ML) (a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on autonomous computer knowledge gain) is actively being used across many domains, such as entertainment, commerce, and increasingly in industrial settings. The wide applicability and low barriers for development of these algorithms are allowing for innovations, once thought unattainable, to be realized in an ever more digital world. As these innovations continue across industries, the manufacturing industry has also begun to gain benefits. With the current push for Smart Manufacturing and Industrie 4.0, ML for manufacturing is experiencing unprecedented levels of interest; but how much is industry actually using these highly-publicized techniques? This paper sorts through a decade of manufacturing publications to quantify the amount of effort being put towards advancing ML in manufacturing. This work identifies both prominent areas of ML use, and popular algorithms. This also allows us to highlight any gaps, or areas where ML could play a vital role. To maximize the search space utilization of this investigation, ML based Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques were employed to rapidly sort through a vast corpus of engineering documents to identify key areas of research and application, as well as uncover documents most pertinent to this survey. The salient outcome of this research is the presentation of current focus areas and gaps in ML applications to the manufacturing industry, with particular emphasis on cross domain knowledge utilization. A full detailing of methods and findings is presented.
Back to the Future: Teaching Law Through Stories

This Essay explains the pedagogical theory behind the new Law Stories series of books to be published by Foundation Press. The Law Stories series is intended to enrich the use of the case method of instruction in the law school classroom. By focusing on fewer cases and pausing for an in-depth review of the seminal cases in the field, the professor can empower students to construct their own schematic understanding of the area of law. Cognitive science teaches that such active learning produces more lasting value to students who are better equipped to process new information and solve new problems within the context of their self-constructed schemata. Professors thus should resist the temptation to do this work for students, conveying our schemata in a top-down fashion, with students playing merely a passive role in receiving this oracular wisdom. As a result, Professors should not sacrifice depth of coverage at the alter of scope of coverage; rather than rush through the signature cases in our subject in order to get to the latest hot topic or fashionable theory, professors should savor the opportunity to unpack with our students what it is that makes these cases central to a deep understanding of the field. The Law Stories series provides the raw material to enhance the study of the foundation cases in different subjects. As the initial book in the series, Tax Stories provides an in-depth examination into ten pivotal United States Supreme Court cases in the development of the federal income tax that provide fresh insights both into particular doctrinal areas of tax law as well as issues of wider application across the tax law.
Where is the Design in Instructional Design? The Role of Visual Aesthetics in the Field

Aesthetics is the artistic quality of a design that contributes to an enhanced appreciation or experience. Aesthetics in instructional design refers to mainly visual aspects that contribute to the learning experience. This chapter discusses the marginal role aesthetics has had in the field, provides a theoretical and historical narrative of aesthetics, and suggests an increasing need to integrate aesthetics due to its potential impact on learning. Throughout history, aesthetics has added value to many design fields. Relating visual aesthetics back to its philosophical, artistic, and educational roots can provide a basis for its value to instructional design.
Art therapy for children who have survived disaster.

Art therapy is an effective tool for working with both adults and children coping with trauma because it bypasses the disconnection trauma can cause between memories of the event and the verbal regions of the brain. Recently, it has been used to treat children affected by large-scale disaster events. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Surrogate model for convective flow inside electromagnetically levitated molten droplet using magnetohydrodynamic simulation and feature analysis

Abstract Containerless processing of molten metals using electromagnetic levitation techniques is an important approach for material research, and the induced convection inside an electromagnetically levitated molten metal droplet is both difficult to measure experimentally and a key control parameter. This work proposed a surrogate model based on parametric numerical experiments of magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the ISS-EML facility, characterizing and quantifying the convective flow due to electromagnetic positioning power as a function of melt thermophysical properties. Feature mapping methods integrated with feature selection is used to construct an optimized formula in explicit form for the data fitting which maintains both of physical interpretability and mathematical tractability. The trained surrogate model is then applied for selected industrial important metals and alloys as examples that show the generalization ability of the model and how it can be utilized to quantify the induced convection and characterize internal flow patterns.
Non-modal Floquet stability of capsules in large-amplitude oscillatory extensional flow

Abstract We analyze the stability of a capsule in large-amplitude oscillatory extensional (LAOE) flow, as often used to study the rheology and dynamics of suspensions. Such a flow is typically established in a cross-slot configuration, with the particle (or particles) of interest observed in the stagnation region. However, controlling this configuration is challenging because the flow is unstable. We quantify such an instability for spherical elastic capsules suspended near the stagnation point using a non-modal global Floquet analysis, which is formulated to include full coupling of the capsule-viscous-flow dynamics. The flow is shown to be transiently, though not asymptotically, unstable. For each case considered, two predominant modes of transient amplification are identified: a predictable intra-period growth for translational capsule perturbations and period-to-period growth for certain capsule distortions. The amplitude of the intra-period growth depends linearly on the flow strength and oscillation period, which corresponds to a shift of the flow stagnation point, and the period-to-period growth saturates over several periods, commensurate with the asymptotic stability of the flow.
Socioeconomic disparities in health-related quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors.

Improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, early detection, and treatment have resulted in substantial gains in survival. However, the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of CRC survivors often depends on access to supportive care, which differs by survivors’ socioeconomic characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics and HRQoL in a diverse group of CRC survivors. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional study to examine the association between socioeconomic factors (household income, health literacy, and insurance status) and HRQoL domains of pain interference, fatigue, physical function, sleep disturbance, anxiety, and depression. PROMIS® Short Forms v.2.0 were used to assess domains of HRQoL. Linear regression modeling was used to estimate the coefficient representing the average HRQoL domain score and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Three hundred one CRC survivors participated in the survey. Low-income (≤ $30,000) CRC survivors had, on average, a 4.70-point (95% CI 1.10–8.28) higher pain interference score, a 7.02-point (95% CI 3.27–10.77) higher fatigue score, a 5.13-point (95% CI − 8.56 to − 1.71) lower physical function score, and a 4.44-point (95% 1.40–7.49) higher depression score than CRC survivors with an income ≥ $70,000. Survivors with Medicaid insurance reported significantly greater pain interference and worse physical function than privately insured survivors. Survivors with low health literacy reported significantly greater pain interference compared with survivors with high health literacy. Substantial socioeconomic disparities in HRQoL were observed in this diverse population of CRC survivors. Designing supportive care interventions to improve HRQoL among low-income and Medicaid-insured CRC survivors is critical for eliminating disparities in CRC outcomes.
A Systems Perspective for Measuring Features of Transdisciplinary Knowledge Producing Teams (TDKPTs)

Knowledge production in teams dedicated to solving wicked problems occurs in highly interactive and complex environments where structural and interactive dynamics are constantly at play. Acknowledging these dynamics and mapping the skills required to work within these teams is at the heart of inquiry that will lead to understanding how to measure team effectiveness in solving complex and wicked problems. In this paper, transdisciplinarity (TD) is a knowledge economy framework used to understand these features of knowledge producing teams (KPTs). We use a complex adaptive systems (CAS) lens to identify and define the features of transdisciplinary knowledge producing teams and show how team participants might develop skills that more truly express complex adaptive conditions. Transdisciplinary knowledge producing teams (TDKPTs) are groups of stakeholder participants tasked with producing knowledge across disciplinary, sectoral, and ecological boundaries. TDKPTs reflect components of complex adaptive systems (CAS) and exemplify how CAS behave and function. The paper accesses the literature from the science-of-team-science (SciTS), complexity theory, and systems theory to construct a typology of the features of TDKPTs and provides a list of features developed from a diverse body of literature useful for considering complexity within TDKPTs. In addition, the authors identify important skill-building aspects needed for TDKPTs to be successful.
Viewing Education Loans Through a Myopic Lens: A Revenue-Neutral Proposal for Accelerating Student Loan Subsidies

Although the federal government dedicated nearly $40 billion to funding student loans in 2006, only 60 percent of potential students from low-income families attend college, compared with 90 percent from high-income families. This paper argues that enrollment rates are lower than they could be because potential students undervalue loan subsidies, which are delivered after graduation instead of up front when a student enrolls and incurs costs. The behavioral economics concept of myopic loss aversion suggests that accelerating loan subsidies to the time of enrollment would increase their effectiveness as an incentive to enroll. Empirical studies also find a larger response to up-front subsidies such as grants than to delayed subsidies delivered after graduation such as loan forgiveness. Eliminating interest rate subsidies from student loans, which cost 12 cents on the dollar for loans issued in 2006 and works out to approximately $950 per borrower, is a revenue-neutral means of funding up-front subsidies. Accelerating the subsidy would make higher education spending more efficient by encouraging more students on the financial margin to enroll. Allocating the subsidy on a need-only basis would deliver, on average, a $4,800 up-front lump-sum subsidy to students from low-income families, increasing the enrollment rate among low-income students from 60 percent to almost 70 percent.
Carbohydrate Metabolism in Erythrocytes

Overview • An insulin-independent GLUT 1 transporter helps to facilitate glucose entry into erythrocytes.
Complications in Arthroscopic Release of the Stiff Shoulder

Arthroscopic release of the stiff shoulder is a common procedure in shoulder surgery. Many factors can affect the outcome of this procedure during pre-operative planning, during surgery, as well as post-operatively. Influencing factors may be modifiable through thorough pre-operative planning and patient diagnosis, a correctly and safely performed procedure as well as an appropriate peri-operative setting and post-operative treatment. Other influencing factors, however, are non-modifiable. These need to be assessed and patients counselled accordingly to avoid patient dissatisfaction with the procedure.
Long-Term Assessment of Pancreatic Function After Pancreatectomy for Cystic Neoplasms

Abstract Background With advances in cross-sectional imaging, pancreatic cysts are more frequently diagnosed and have become a common indication for pancreatectomy. The impact of pancreatectomy in these patients is important. The purpose of this study was to assess short-term outcomes, long-term nutritional status, quality of life (QOL), and pancreas function after pancreatectomy for cystic neoplasms. Materials and methods At a single institution, patients at least 3 y post-pancreatectomy for benign cystic neoplasms were identified. Using a validated questionnaire, short-term outcomes, long-term outcomes including endocrine and exocrine insufficiency, long-term nutritional status, and preoperative and postoperative QOL were compared based on operation and indication for resection. Results Among 102 eligible patients, 70 had valid contact information and 51 (72.9%) agreed to participate. Median follow-up was 6 (4-8) y. Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for benign cysts had higher morbidity than a similar cohort resected for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (patients with at least 1 ≥ grade 2 complication [49.0% versus 31.6%, P = 0.038]). After long-term follow-up, pancreatectomy did not significantly affect perceived QOL. Half of patients had mild-moderate or severe malnourishment, but pancreatic enzyme replacement was reported by only 4 (7.8%) patients. New-onset diabetes was present in 15 (29.4%) patients with median time-to-diagnosis of 6 (1-12) mo after resection. Conclusions Pancreatectomy for benign cysts did not negatively impact patients' perceived QOL. However, after long-term follow-up, malnutrition and pancreatic insufficiency occurred in a significant percentage and may be greater than previously estimated. Consideration of short- and long-term outcomes should factor into preoperative counseling, especially in cysts with minimal risk of progression to malignancy.
Ethical principles governing organ transplantation apply to paired exchange programs.

The fair and equitable allocation of kidneys in paired exchange programs requires that patient‐level factors are the primary drivers of how chains are constructed and how end‐chain kidneys are allocated. See http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.15778/abstract for the article from Verbesey et al.
Pseudotumor Caused by a Retained Intra-articular Bullet: A Case Report.

CASE A 54-year-old man presented with systemic lead poisoning due to a gunshot wound to the hip suffered 35 years prior to presentation. He urgently underwent removal of the bullet with total hip arthroplasty and was found to have a pseudotumor. This case highlights the team-based approach to manage systemic lead poisoning caused by an intra-articular bullet. CONCLUSION We report on the first documented case of systemic lead toxicity and a pseudotumor caused by an intra-articular bullet. An expeditious, team-based approach is necessary for appropriate treatment. Our treatment algorithm can guide future teams on the management of this reversible disorder.
Neural Mechanisms of Attentional Control for Objects: Decoding EEG Alpha When Anticipating Faces, Scenes,and Tools

Attentional selection mechanisms in visual cortex involve changes in oscillatory activity in the EEG alpha band (8-12 Hz), with decreased alpha indicating focal cortical enhancement and increased alpha indicating suppression. This has been observed for spatial selective attention and attention to stimulus features such as color versus motion. We investigated whether attention to objects involves similar alpha-mediated changes in focal cortical excitability. In experiment 1, 20 volunteers (8 males; 12 females) were cued (80% predictive) on a trial-by-trial basis to different objects (faces, scenes, or tools). Support vector machine decoding of alpha power patterns revealed that late (>500 ms latency) in the cue-to-target foreperiod, only EEG alpha differed with the to-be-attended object category. In experiment 2, to eliminate the possibility that decoding of the physical features of cues led to our results, 25 participants (9 males; 16 females) performed a similar task where cues were nonpredictive of the object category. Alpha decoding was now only significant in the early (<200 ms) foreperiod. In experiment 3, to eliminate the possibility that task set differences between the different object categories led to our experiment 1 results, 12 participants (5 males; 7 females) performed a predictive cuing task where the discrimination task for different objects was identical across object categories. The results replicated experiment 1. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that the neural mechanisms of visual selective attention involve focal cortical changes in alpha power not only for simple spatial and feature attention, but also for high-level object attention in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Attention is the cognitive function that enables relevant information to be selected from sensory inputs so it can be processed in the support of goal-directed behavior. Visual attention is widely studied, yet the neural mechanisms underlying the selection of visual information remain unclear. Oscillatory EEG activity in the alpha range (8-12 Hz) of neural populations receptive to target visual stimuli may be part of the mechanism, because alpha is thought to reflect focal neural excitability. Here, we show that alpha-band activity, as measured by scalp EEG from human participants, varies with the specific category of object selected by attention. This finding supports the hypothesis that alpha-band activity is a fundamental component of the neural mechanisms of attention.
Cross section measurements of deuteron electro-disintegration at very high recoil momenta and large 4-momentum transfers (Q^2)

The $^{2}$H$(e,e'p)n$ cross sections have been measured at negative 4-momentum transfers of $Q^{2} = 4.5\pm0.5$ (GeV/c)$^{2}$ and $Q^{2} = 3.5\pm0.5$ (GeV/c)$^{2}$ reaching neutron recoil (missing) momenta up to $p_{\mathrm{r}}\sim$1.0 GeV/c. The data have been obtained at fixed neutron recoil angles $5^{\circ}\leq\theta_{nq}\leq95^{\circ}$ with respect to the 3-momentum transfer $\vec{q}$. The new data agree well with the previous data which reached $p_{\mathrm{r}}\sim550$ MeV/c. At $\theta_{nq}=35^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$, final state interactions (FSI), meson exchange currents (MEC) and isobar configurations (IC) are suppressed and the plane wave impulse approximation (PWIA) provides the dominant cross section contribution. The new data are compared to recent theoretical calculations, and a significant disagreement for recoil momenta $p_{\mathrm{r}}>700$ MeV/c is observed.
Quantitative Evaluation of Subglottic Stenosis Using Ultrashort Echo Time MRI in a Rabbit Model.

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To assess the ability of ultra-short echo time (UTE)-MRI to detect subglottic stenosis (SGS) and evaluate response to balloon dilation. To correlate measurements from UTE-MRI with endotracheal-tube (ETT)-sizing and to investigate whether SGS causes change in airway dynamics. STUDY DESIGN: Animal research study. METHODS: Eight adult New-Zealand white rabbits were used as they approximate neonatal airway-size. The airways were measured using ETT-sizing and 3D UTE-MRI at baseline, 2 weeks post-cauterization induced SGS injury, and post-balloon dilation treatment. UTE-MR images were acquired to determine airway anatomy and motion. Airways were segmented from MR images. Cross-sectional area (CSA), major and minor diameters (Dmajor and Dminor ), and eccentricity were measured. RESULTS: Post-injury CSA at SGS was significantly reduced (mean 38%) compared to baseline (P = .003) using UTE-MRI. ETT-sizing correlated significantly with MRI-measured CSA at the SGS location (r = 0.6; P .05). Eccentricity of the upper trachea increased significantly post-balloon dilation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: UTE-MRI successfully detected SGS and treatment response in the rabbit model, with good correlation to ETT-sizing. Balloon dilation increased CSA at SGS, but not to baseline values. SGS did not alter dynamic motion for the trachea in this rabbit model; however, tracheas were significantly eccentric post-balloon dilation. UTE-MRI can detect SGS without sedation or ionizing radiation and may be a non-invasive alternative to ETT-sizing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:E1971-E1979, 2021.
EV71 vaccination impact on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with hand, foot and mouth disease.

In order to analyze the effect of EV71 vaccination on the incidence of encephalitis in patients with HFMD, 292 cases were vaccinated, and 2,486 cases were not vaccinated which were collected in 201...