cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic Generation of System Level Assertions from Transaction Level Models

We automatically generate assertions from Transaction Level Model (TLM) simulation traces. The generated assertions express design specifications in the form of linear temporal logic with quantitative temporal constraints [4]. We first generate the assertions without regard to the quantitative time constraints. They are mined in the form of frequent patterns in the simulation traces. We mine simulation traces using episode mining to identify frequent episodes comprising function calls and events. We then annotate the episodes with real time parameters to express quantitative time constraints among the function calls or events in the episode. When mining such TLM assertions, we employ symbolic execution to generalize the parameters and return values of function calls in the traces to help the mining engine generate high quality assertions. We have constructed a realistic AXI-based interconnection network platform that we demonstrate experimental results on. We show that our technique efficiently generates high quality performance and functional assertions on the AXI-based platform as well as a transaction level AMBA-based DMA controller. We demonstrate that episode mining is more scalable and able to generate a more compact set of high quality TLM assertions than previous efforts using sequential pattern mining. The number of generated assertions using episode mining can be reduced by up to 228 times, and the time interval between two events/function calls in each assertion is smaller than 50 time units.
Strength of cemented grains

We conducted compaction tests (isotropic drained loading) on randomly packed glass beads that were a) uncemented and b) cemented by epoxy at their contacts. In the latter case, the volume of the epoxy accounted for 10 percent of the pore space. Intensive crushing of grains was observed in the first case at about 50 MPa. In the second case, the cemented grains stayed intact, the failure being localized within the epoxy. Therefore, even small amounts of cement at contacts prevent the failure of grains. Theoretically, this effect follows from our theory of cemented granular materials: stress concentration is high at the contacts of uncemented grains, whereas even small amounts of relatively soft cement result in a more uniform stress distribution over a larger contact area.
Plugging In: Possibilities for Connecting Teens and Communities Through Scholastic and Nonscholastic Youth Media Websites

Many of today’s youth feel disconnected from their local communities. At the same time, most of them are regularly connected to the Internet and other digital media to gather information and communicate with their peers. This study conducts a qualitative textual analysis of 14 scholastic and nonscholastic youth media websites to derive five emergent themes related to connecting youth and local communities. While some content examined addressed specific community concerns, the strongest current value of these websites is that they serve as a source of diverse peer support and self-expression for local teens as they collectively experience the joys and struggles of adolescence. These sites also promote attachment to local schools, an important community node and social ecology for teens.
An experimental performance analysis for the rate of convergence of collocation on general domains

This paper presents an experimental performance analysis for the rate of convergence of collocation on general domains using a bicubic Hermite basis. Twenty domains are selected for the experiment from the population of PDEs on nonrectangular domains found in Realistic PDE Solutions for Non-rectangular Domains (C. J. Ribbens and J. R. Rice, CSD-TR 639, Department of Computer Sciences, Purdue University, 1986), including one rectangle for comparison. The result shows that the convergence of the ELLPACK module COLLOCATION behaves as O(h4) on all 19 of the nonrectangular domains. This set includes a large variety of nonrectangular domains (only two have reentrant corners). We conclude that, with very high probability, this collocation module has O(h4) convergence on general domains. The experiment is made by using the Performance Evaluation System (PES) of ELLPACK, which includes the population of PDEs on nonrectangular domains. Several performance analysis tools are used to analyze the rate of convergence, the most informative is a visual examination of the convergence behavior.
Comparison of synchrotron and laboratory discharge light sources

A direct comparison has been made between the intensity of dispersed radiation from a laboratory Hopfield helium continuum and that obtained from the electron storage ring called Tantalus 1. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the respective light sources are described. Extrapolation of this information to other (present and future) electron storage-ring sources is discussed.
Spontaneous retroperitoneal bleed 24 hours postpartum: a case report

Summary A 27-year-old Hispanic woman (G5 P4 004) presented to the labor and delivery unit at 38 weeks' and 6 days' gestation with onset of active labor. Approximately 24 hours postpartum, the patient had sudden onset of lightheadedness, hypotension, and labored breathing. After evaluation of the patient, including emergency exploratory laparotomy, it was found she had a massive retroperitoneal bleed secondary to spontaneous rupture of the uterine artery as well as rupture of multiple left adnexal veins. A MEDLINE search using the Keywords “postpartum” and “arterial rupture” yielded only 68 citations, 13 of which were specific for spontaneous rupture of a vessel. This is a rare complication of normal vaginal delivery that should be considered in the differential of any woman who has acute onset of hypotension 24 to 48 hours postpartum. Labor and delivery units as well as postpartum recovery units should be equipped to handle such rare but potentially fatal emergencies. This case report describes one such case at a community hospital and describes the outcomes of the case as well as recommendations to handle such emergencies.
Computational intelligence in biomedical imaging: multidimensional analysis of spatio-temporal patterns

Technical innovations in radiology, such as advanced cross-sectional imaging methods, have opened up new vistas for the exploration of structure and function of the human body enabling both high spatial and temporal resolution. However, these techniques have led to vast amounts of data whose precise and reliable visual analysis by radiologists requires a considerable amount of human intervention and expertise, thus resulting in a cost factor of substantial economic relevance. Hence, the computer-assisted analysis of biomedical image data has moved into the focus of interest as an issue of high priority research efforts. In this context, innovative approaches to exploratory analysis of huge complex spatio-temporal patterns play a key role to improve computer-assisted signal and image processing in radiology. Examples of such approaches are various unsupervised vector quantization methods or supervised function approximation techniques, such as Generalized Radial-Basis-Functions- (GRBF-) neural networks. Recent developments motivated by concepts of computational intelligence are the `Deformable Feature Map' (DM) as an algorithm for self-organized model adaptation, the `Mutual Connectivity Analysis' (MCA) as an instrument for the analysis of large time-series ensembles and the `Exploratory Observation Machine' (XOM) as a novel general framework for learning by self-organization--three methods that the author has invented and applied to biomedical real-world applications. This contribution covers both conceptual foundations and applications of such methods for pattern recognition and analysis to a wide scope of radiological data sets, such as structural and functional segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), ranging from functional MRI for human brain mapping to the monitoring of disease progression in multiple sclerosis by automatic lesion segmentation, as well as novel approaches to image time-series analysis in MRI mammography for breast cancer diagnosis. Current projects related to the modeling of speech production and to genome-wide expression analysis of microarray data in bioinformatics confirm the broad applicability of the presented methods.
Persistence in the Transmission of Education: Evidence across Three Generations for Chile

AbstractThis paper is one of the first to document multigenerational educational mobility for a Latin American country. It complements a recent wave of articles that study mobility beyond two generations in developed countries. Specifically, we link data on educational attainment for three generations in Chile. Our main findings indicate that grandparental education influences grandchildren's schooling even after taking the parental factor into account. Accordingly, standard two-generation estimations over-predict intergenerational mobility over three generations. We investigate three potential avenues of transmission. First, we find that upward schooling mobility has moderately increased with younger cohorts, and that such changes may be attributable to institutional reforms. Second, there is important heterogeneity in educational mobility across regions in Chile, which sheds light on how parents' place of origin matters for upward mobility. Third, a gender-specific lineage analysis indicates that having...
ε-tubulin is essential in Tetrahymena thermophila for the assembly and stability of basal bodies.

Basal bodies and centrioles are conserved microtubule-based organelles the improper assembly of which leads to a number of diseases, including ciliopathies and cancer. Tubulin family members are conserved components of these structures that are integral to their proper formation and function. We have identified the e-tubulin gene in Tetrahymena thermophila and detected the protein, through fluorescence of a tagged allele, to basal bodies. Immunoelectron microscopy has shown that e-tubulin localizes primarily to the core microtubule scaffold. A complete genomic knockout of e-tubulin has revealed that it is an essential gene required for the assembly and maintenance of the triplet microtubule blades of basal bodies. We have conducted site-directed mutagenesis of the e-tubulin gene and shown that residues within the nucleotide-binding domain, longitudinal interacting domains, and C-terminal tail are required for proper function. A single amino acid change of Thr150, a conserved residue in the nucleotide-binding domain, to Val is a conditional mutation that results in defects in the spatial and temporal assembly of basal bodies as well as their stability. We have genetically separated functions for the domains of e-tubulin and identified a novel role for the nucleotide-binding domain in the regulation of basal body assembly and stability.
The U.S. Welfare State and the Working Class, 1952-1980

The main focus of this study is the role of the state in the distribution process vis-a-vis the working class in the United States during the period 1952-1980. This focus led me to formulate and then answer a question: what is the net impact of the distributive activities of the state on the wages of the working class as a whole and various segments within it? In order to deal with this question I proposed a concept, net-tax, which is taxes paid to the state minus benefits and income received from it. The empirical findings of the article concerning the net-tax paid by labor led me to call into question the economically beneficial role of the welfare state in relation to the wages of the working class.
Glomerular Filtration Barrier Assembly: An insight.

A glomerulus is the network of capillaries that resides in the Bowman’s capsule that functions as a filtration unit of kidney. The glomerular function ensures that essential plasma proteins are retained in blood and the filtrate is passed on as urine. The glomerular filtration assembly is composed of three main cellular barriers that are critical for the ultrafiltration process, the fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane and highly specialized podocytes. The podocytes along with their specialized junctions “slit diaphragm” form the basic backbone of this filtration assembly. The presence of high amounts of protein in urine a condition commonly referred as proteinuria indicates a defective glomerular filtration barrier. Various glomerular disorders including Nephrotic syndrome are characterized by significant alteration in the structure of podocytes that is associated with prolonged increase in the glomerular permeability leading to heavy proteinuria. Recent identification of proteins that are specifically localized at the slit diaphragm whose mutations and knockouts are known to result in loss of renal function has significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular makeup of this filtration assembly. The present review is an effort to summarize the recent developments in this field and highlight our understanding of the glomerular filtration barrier assembly.
Quantitative shear wave magnetic resonance elastography: Comparison to a dynamic shear material test

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), a phase contrast MRI technique, images the propagation of applied mechanical waves in tissue, allowing shear stiffness to be quantified in vivo. This MRE technique has been validated with static mechanical compression tests. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) may be a more appropriate comparison to MRE because it directly measures the shear modulus dynamically, while compression tests convert the measured elastic modulus to shear modulus with an assumed Poisson ratio. This study compared the shear stiffness estimated with various MRE inversion algorithms (i.e., manual calculation, local frequency estimate, phase gradient, direct inversion, and matched filter) to the dynamic mechanical test. The shear stiffness of five agarose gels with concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 3.5% were measured using MRE and DMA. The phase gradient inversion algorithm overestimated the shear modulus at higher concentrations (i.e., 3–3.5% agar), while the results from the other techniques correlated well with the dynamic mechanical test. Magn Reson Med 53:1197–1201, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Renin in the female reproductive system.

The female reproductive system is characterized by the presence of local renin-angiotensin systems within the evary and within the uterine lining. In the human ovary, renin arises from theca cells. In the uterus, the endometrium (uterine lining in the nonpregnant state) and the decidua (uterine lining in the pregnant state) are the major sources of renin. The primary form of renin produced by these extrarenal sources is prorenin. Angiotensin II, the active component of the renin cascade has a number of potential roles in the ovary and uterus. A key observation is that the human ovum and fetus is bathed in fluids rich in prorenin and angiotensin II.
Modeling market valuation of offshore drilling contractors

Offshore drilling is big business, and on a worldwide basis, contractor revenues have ranged between $25 and 50 billion a year over the past decade. The industry is organized through public, private, and state-owned companies, and in 2012 public companies Seadrill, Transocean, Ensco, Noble, and Diamond dominated the market, followed by mid-market players Rowan, Hercules, and Aban. The industry is competitive and dynamic, and contractor business strategies evolve in response to changing market demands and competitor activity. Contractors derive their cash flow and earnings by leasing rigs for exploration and development and attempt to maximize their revenue through scale economies, specialization, geographic diversity, and safe and efficient operations. The market value of contractors depends upon their rig fleet, contract backlog, and operational and financial characteristics. Market valuations change as supply and demand conditions change and companies upgrade their fleet portfolio and relocate rigs to satisfy demand. The purpose of this paper is to describe the factors that impact contractor value and to develop quantitative models of market valuation for a cross-section of public firms. A high-level overview of the offshore contract market and business strategies of firms is described. Fleet value, contract backlog, revenue, and earnings are significant predictors of market capitalization and enterprise value, and fleet value is the best predictor of firm value.
Temperature Effects on Breakdown Characteristics of High- $\kappa$ Gate Dielectrics With Metal Gates

In this paper, the temperature dependence of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (BD) and stress-induced leakage current (SILC) of high-kappa and interfacial layers (ILs) are studied separately and in a gate stack with metal gates as the BD mechanisms of these layers are different at higher temperatures than at room temperature. As observed from the low voltage SILC, the IL initiates the gate stack BD process at elevated temperature, which is followed by the high-kappa layer. Activation energy extracted from Weibulll distribution of time-to-BD (T BD) data from high-kappa layer further suggests that the gate stack BD occurs when high- kappa layer ultimately breaks down.
A Practical Guide to Early Numeracy Instruction for General and Special Educators.

This report summarizes recommendations from NCTM, NRC, CCSSM, NMAP, and IES to guide early numeracy instruction for elementary age students in general and special education classroom settings. We highlight common threads among general and special education research recommendations and provide a numeracy intervention curriculum model connecting intervention and instructional principles.
Spatial distribution of putative growth factors in the guinea pig placenta and the effects of these factors, plasma, and bile on the growth and chemotaxis of Campylobacter jejuni.

The pregnant guinea pig is an effective model for studying abortifacient Campylobacter spp, and previous experiments have demonstrated that C. jejuni IA3902 has a marked predilection for the subplacenta while sparing the placental disc in this species. In the study described here, the growth and chemotaxis of IA3902 and a reference strain (NCTC 11168) are compared in the presence of subplacental and placental factors, as well as bile and plasma, from pregnant and nonpregnant guinea pigs. Both strains grew better in subplacental versus placental disc tissue extracts at 24 hours; however, only IA3902 maintained this enhancement at 48 hours. Histochemistry and lectin histochemistry were used to localize mucin, iron, and L-fucose within the placental unit. Mucin was most abundant in subplacental lacunae, the junctional zone, and visceral yolk sac placenta, while iron was most abundant in the placental disc, and L-fucose-containing surface glycans were limited to the visceral yolk sac placenta. These 3 individual factors, along with progesterone and estradiol, were evaluated for effects on growth and chemotaxis of C. jejuni. Mucin, iron, and L-fucose were growth promoting, while L-fucose was also chemoattractive for both strains. Progesterone, estradiol, and pregnant guinea pig plasma did not affect growth or chemotaxis, and no difference was observed when bile from pregnant and nonpregnant animals was compared. These findings demonstrate the presence of specific factors within the guinea pig placental unit that drive chemotaxis and enhance growth of C. jejuni, shedding light on potential mechanisms underlying the fetoplacental tropism observed with this strain.
Effects of reversed size-assortative mating on spawning success in the monogamous convict cichlid, Amatitlania nigrofasciata

Many vertebrate taxa show size-assortative mating where large males typically pair with large females. The mechanism behind size-assortative mating has been studied primarily in the context of intrasexual and intersexual selection, where multiple potential mates differing in relative size are provided to focal individuals. Little is known about how pairs form and reproduce when larger mates are unavailable. Using the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), we examined the likelihood of spawning behavior when the relative size of sexes are reversed from that found in nature. In one experiment, reverse size-assorted pairs never spawned, in comparison to control size-assorted pairs, where spawning occurred in 60% of replicates. In a second experiment, individuals were given a choice of two small mates and reverse size-assorted pairs, spawned almost as frequently as size-assorted pairs. This suggests that a mechanism exists that hinders spawning in reverse size-assorted pairs, but that this can be overco...
UNILATERAL EXTRAVESICAL URETERAL REIMPLANTATION IN CHILDREN PERFORMED ON AN OUTPATIENT BASIS

ABSTRACT Purpose: Unilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation is comparable to intravesical procedures for resolution of primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Defining whether this operation can be consistently performed on an outpatient basis is important. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 patients with unilateral VUR were treated with extravesical ureteral reimplantation, of whom 20 were treated on an inpatient basis and 60 on an outpatient basis. We retrospectively reviewed these groups and conducted a telephone survey to evaluate overall patient satisfaction, and pain and nausea on postoperative days 1 and 14. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, laterality or operative time between the groups. Average length of hospital stay was 31.25 hours (range 20 to 120) for the inpatient group and 6.6 hours (3.25 to 11.20) for the outpatient group. Average intravenous narcotic use in the inpatient group was 0.39 mg/kg, compared to 0.14 mg/kg for the outpatient group (p Conclusions: Extravesical ureteral reimplantation for unilateral VUR may be performed without compromise in quality on an outpatient basis with significantly less use of intravenous analgesics and anti-emetics.
An in vitro study of antibody-induced inhibition and detachment of Staphylcocci from fibrinogen

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and is associated with several infectious diseases. S. aureus Newman has been shown to bind to fibrinogen under dynamic conditions. In this study the adhesion and detachment from fibrinogen was quantified and studied under in vitro physiological shear conditions. The efficacies of five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to facilitate adhesion inhibition and detachment were evaluated using a parallel plate flow chamber and video microscopy system. We found that two mAbs to clumping factor A inhibited adhesion and caused detachment of adherent S. aureus cells. Inhibition was highest at mAb concentrations of 10 mg/ml where percent inhibition was at 90% and independent of shear stress. The highest levels of detachment were reached at a shear rate of 300 s/sup -1/ and antibody concentration of 5 mg/ml. These data suggest that the two mAbs may have the potential to cause reduced virulence of S. aureus.
Psychological Mechanisms in the Human Use of Animals

American society uses millions of animals each day for food, recreation, and a variety of other purposes, yet psychologists—in contrast to other social scientists—have devoted very little attention to studying how people think about their use of animals. In this article, I propose that many factors supporting the use of animals are psychological in nature and are therefore legitimate topics for psychological research. After a brief review of research on attitudes toward the use of animals, I discuss several psychological factors that enable people to harm animals for human benefit: (1) structural variables that dissociate consumptive practices from the infliction of harm, (2) mechanisms that reduce personal conflict when dissociation is threatened, (3) ingroup-outgroup biases, and (4) factors relating to the perceived similarity of animals and humans. Throughout, the emphasis is on opportunities for empirical research rather than ideological or philosophical arguments concerning animal rights.
Coming of age: pharmacy practice in the 21st century.

Individuals, families, health plans and governments are struggling with the growing importance of managing chronic, non-communicable diseases. People in many countries are living longer and thus are facing many years of managing hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia – often complicated by obesity, declining physical activity and changing diets. The financial burden this places on governments, employers, and individuals purchasing health care services is growing and solutions are being sought on how to both finance this care and deliver the best care possible. New ideas are emerging that look to newfound resources, and one untapped resource increasingly being utilized is the clinical pharmacist. After many years being primarily involved in medication supply-chain management, the assistance that highly skilled pharmacists can provide medical providers and their patients is now being recognized. In order to realize fully the benefits of clinical pharmacists, governments, health plans and medical providers are taking a second look at the wisdom of maintaining the long-standing policy of compensating pharmacists only for filling prescriptions.
The strength of youth voice: exploring the influence of youth strength-perspectives on desired outcomes for youth enrolled in system-of-care services.

Recent efforts to improve mental health services for young people have called for the inclusion of youth and families in service planning and delivery. When youth strengths are considered within th...
Knowledge representation of rules: a note: Research Articles

This paper examines knowledge acquisition and representation of ‘if–then’ rules and the linkage between the two. It provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between using different knowledge representations that are logically equivalent. A priori, logically equivalent forms would be expected to result in gathering the same knowledge. However, this paper does not substantiate that conclusion. Instead, different logically equivalent representations used for knowledge elicitation can result in different orderings of the probability of events. As a result, elicitation and representation must be tightly linked. In addition, this paper finds that groups of non-professionals can generate better orderings than individual professionals and non-professionals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio insights on the shapes of platinum nanocatalysts.

Catalytic, chemical, optical, and electronic properties of nanocrystals are strongly influenced by their faceting. A variational approach based on quantum mechanical energies is introduced to evaluate stable and metastable shapes of Pt nanocrystals. The method leads to a nanoscale equation of state, which is solved self-consistently. It is found that the surface energy dependence on the lattice parameter is the key factor controlling the equilibrium stability of the crystal shapes. The variational approach, capable of predicting the changes in the hierarchy of crystals’ shapes with respect to size, explains experimental results and establishes a new direction to search for better catalysts.
American Jewish Writing in the Eighties

The phenomenal critical and popular success of the American Jewish writers of the 1960s did much to affirm the legitimate presence of Jews in American literature. Moreover, the works of such talented writers as Bernard Malamud, Saul Bellow, and Philip Roth also helped to establish our definition of American Jewish fiction in particular and ethnic literature in general. But as American Jews became more and more assimilated into the majority culture and the Jewish American experience appeared less distinguishable from any other, American Jewish writing became more an expression of individual artistry than of ethnicity. For the past several years, for example, Malamud, Bellow, and Roth have gone their separate literary ways, having little to do with the old themes of marginality. Their writing has not only been accepted by the majority culture, but has become an important component of that culture. As the '70s drew to a close, it was generally acknowledged that the so-called American Jewish "Renaissance" had also come to a close. But this was only partially true, for although it is apparent that the American Jewish writers of the '60s are no longer concerned with the traditional ethnic themes of alienation and identity, it is equally apparent to many observers that Jewish writing in America is currently undergoing an interesting and exciting transformation-one that now makes it necessary for us to reevaluate our expectations of both ethnic and American Jewish literature. Several decades of successful American Jewish novels not only legitimized that particular genre, but also established an intellectual atmosphere of security for those who followed. This freedom has enabled the present generation of Jewish writers to pursue a more eclectic course. Some have chosen to ignore their Jewish heritage; others are unaffected by it. A significant number, however, no longer concerned with the anxieties of belonging, or the need of "making it" in America, have taken an interesting step "backward," toward a more traditional connection with their Jewish religion, history, and culture. In so doing, they have created a new Jewish literature, one that goes beyond our traditional concept of ethnic writing and speaks directly to the particular concerns of Jews throughout the world.
Precious papers from ‘non-research-intensive’ countries

Countries vary greatly with respect to total expenditure as well as the fraction of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) they invest in science ([Jaffe et al., 2013][1]). Poor countries spend very little because government revenues are small and scientific research tends to be seen as a luxury in comparison
Preparation of Superior Thin-Layer Chromatograms for Quantitative in situ Densitometry by Nonequilibrated Development. I. Trisulfapyrimidines: Sulfadiazine, Sulfamerazine, and Sulfamethazine

A method of obtaining controlled nonequilibrated horizontal plate development by employing a developing system open to room atmosphere is described and compared with other plate-developing techniques. Nonequilibrated plate development produced spot configurations with the precise physical outline and densitometric distribution needed for optical scanning.
Design and Simulation of FIR Digital Filter Based on Matlab

The paper analyzed principle of FIR digital filter and introduced implementation process of designing FIR digital filter with Window function method.Matlab simulation verified that parameters of designed filter can be adjusted according to repuirment to achieve desired filtering function.The design is simple and convenient,and has strong applicability.
Cooperative Electronic and Structural Regulation in a Bioinspired Allosteric Photoredox Catalyst.

Herein, we report the first allosteric photoredox catalyst regulated via constructively coupled structural and electronic control. While often synergistically exploited in nature, these two types of control mechanisms have only been applied independently in the vast majority of allosteric enzyme mimics and receptors in the literature. By embedding a model of photosystem II in a supramolecular coordination complex that responds to chloride as an allosteric effector, we show that distance and electronic control of light harvesting can be married to maximize allosteric regulation of catalytic activity. This biomimetic system is composed of a Bodipy photoantenna, which is capable of transferring excited-state energy to a photoredox pair, wherein the excitation energy is used to generate a catalytically active charge-separated state. The structural aspect of allosteric regulation is achieved by toggling the coordination chemistry of an antenna-functionalized hemilabile ligand via partial displacement from a Rh...
Assessing the sensitivity of SWAT physical parameters to potential evapotranspiration estimation methods over a coastal plain watershed in the southeastern United States

One of the key inputs of a hydrologic budget is the potential evapotranspiration (PET), which represents the hypothetical upper limit to evapotranspirative water losses. However, different mathematical formulas proposed for defining PET often produce inconsistent results and challenge hydrological estimation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Priestley–Taylor (P–T), Hargreaves, and Penman–Monteith methods on daily streamflow simulation using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the southeastern United States. PET models are compared in terms of their sensitivity to the SWAT parameters and their ability to simulate daily streamflow over a five-year simulation period. The SWAT model forced by these three PET methods and by gauged climatic dataset showed more deficiency during low and peak flow estimates. Sensitive parameters vary in magnitudes with more skew and bias in saturated soil hydraulic conductivity and shallow aquifer properties. The results indicated that streamflow simulation using the P–T method performed well especially during extreme events’ simulation.
“But They Won't Let you Read!”: A Case Study of an Urban Middle School Male's Response to School Reading:

This qualitative case study presents the perceptions of Derrick, a Black urban adolescent male who enjoys reading but believes that inconsistent school discourses hinder his success and enjoyment a...
Cbx8 Acts Non-canonically with Wdr5 to Promote Mammary Tumorigenesis

Chromatin-mediated processes influence the development and progression of breast cancer. Using murine mammary carcinoma-derived tumorspheres as a functional readout for an aggressive breast cancer phenotype, we performed a loss-of-function screen targeting 60 epigenetic regulators. We identified the Polycomb protein Cbx8 as a key regulator of mammary carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, Cbx8 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and correlates with poor survival. Our genomic analyses revealed that Cbx8 positively regulates Notch signaling by maintaining H3K4me3 levels on Notch-network gene promoters. Ectopic expression of Notch1 partially rescues tumorsphere formation in Cbx8-depleted cells. We find that Cbx8 associates with non-PRC1 complexes containing the H3K4 methyltransferase complex component WDR5, which together regulate Notch gene expression. Thus, our study implicates a key non-canonical role for Cbx8 in promoting breast tumorigenesis.
Airway and Respiratory Management During Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) continues to be an important treatment modality in contemporary psychiatric medicine for severe and treatment-resistant depression and psychotic disorders. Because anesthesia technique has a particularly significant impact on the safety and efficacy of the procedure, it is critical that attention is paid to optimizing all aspects of anesthesia management. A close, collaborative working relationship between the psychiatrist and anesthesia provider is an important element in achieving optimum patient outcomes as airway and respiratory management are crucial aspects of the ECT procedure that impact both patient safety and the efficacy of the treatment. Modern ECT involves the active management of ventilation and oxygenation by an anesthesia care provider expertly trained in airway management. Pre-oxygenation followed by hyperventilation with 100 % oxygen can produce significant hypocapnia and enhance seizure activity while also increasing the period of time before significant desaturation occurs. Expert pre-procedural assessment of the patient’s airway, as well as management with controlled hyperventilation during the procedure, will contribute to optimal patient outcomes.
Effects of temperature on the formation of secondary organic aerosol from amine precursors

ABSTRACTAerosol formation is directly influenced by meteorological properties such as temperature and relative humidity. This study examines the influence of temperature on the physical properties and chemical composition of the aerosol produced from radical oxidation of aliphatic amines. Aerosol formation for temperatures ranging from 10 to 40°C was investigated in dual 90 m3 indoor atmospheric chambers. Further, chemical and physical responses of aerosol formed at one temperature and then raised/cooled to another were investigated in detail. Around two to three times more aerosol formation occurred at 10°C than at 40°C. This has important implications for locations influenced by amine emissions during the winter months. Significant aerosol formation occurred with the oxidation of amines with nitrate radical (100–600 μg/m3) and consisted largely of amine nitrate salts. These reactions are important contributors to aerosol formation during the nighttime hours, when nitrate radical is the dominant oxidant ...
Acoustics measurements of military-style supersonic beveled nozzle jets with interior corrugations:

Increasingly powerful and noisy military aircraft have generated the need for research leading to the development of supersonic jet noise reduction devices. The hot, high speed supersonic jets exhausting from military aircraft during takeoff present a most challenging problem. The present study extends prior research on two methods of noise reduction. The first is the internal nozzle corrugations pioneered by Seiner et al. and the second is the beveled exit plane explored most recently by Viswanathan. A novel research idea of creating fluidic corrugations similar to the nozzle corrugations has been initiated by Penn State. To further the understanding and analysis of the fluidic corrugations, the present study focuses on the flow field and acoustic field of nozzles with two, three, and six conventional, hardwalled corrugations. The effect of the combination of the internal corrugations with a beveled nozzle is explored. The results show that significant noise reductions of over 3 dB of the mixing noise an...
366. Hitting Two Birds with One Stone: How Efficacious Pre-Clinical Gene Therapy Cures Canavan Disease and Sheds Light onto the Pathomechanism

Almost 90 years ago, Canavan Disease (CD) was described for the first time. Since then, the scientific community has unsuccessfully sought to cure this devastating leukodystrophy and understand its pathomechanism. Early hope for gene therapy was fueled with the cloning of the disease causing gene, Aspartoacylase, in 1993. Unfortunately, the only clinical trial for CD gene therapy failed to show significant clinical improvements in Canavan patients. At that time, animal models for CD were just engineered and comprehensive pre-clinical evaluation of CD gene therapy was missing. Earlier, we reported that our 1st generation IV delivered pre-clinical gene therapy was able to rescue early lethality and partially restored motor function in a mouse model of CD. Now in its 3rd generation, our gene therapy cures the disease in Canavan mice by a single intravenous injection, shown by behavioral, cognitive, and neuropathology tests. Taking advantage of this complete reversal of the disease, we used whole brain neurometabolome profiling to closely monitor the molecular efficacy and mechanism(s) in curing Canavan disease in mouse. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) shows complete restoration of the disease associated metabolic derangements, including the array of detected myelin lipids. In the next step, we hypothesized that the metabolic nature of Canavan Disease mandates the origin of its pathomechanism in the metabolic regulation. We identified a specific dysregulation in the energy metabolism in vitro and in vivo that suggests the self-digestion of myelin for energetic purposes, calling current hypotheses about the Canavan disease pathomechanism into question. Currently, we are intensifying our insight into this mechanism by mircoRNAome, transcriptome analyses, a series of in vitro cell culture models, as well as supplementary and alternative strategies for the treatment of Canavan Disease. In summary, our data demonstrates strong evidence that rAAV mediated pre-clinical gene therapy not only cures the Canavan phenotype but also corrects the extensive neurometabolome, which provides meticulous evidence for gene therapy's high efficacy. Furthermore, we revealed a new pathomechanism that supports a paradigm shift in our perception of the function of ASPA and NAA in Canavan disease and their potential implications in other CNS and metabolic disorders in general.
Perceived Parental Hostility and Aggression, and Children’s Psychological Maladjustment, and Negative Personality Dispositions: A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis is to explore relations between children’s perceptions of parental hostility/aggression, and their psychological maladjustment, and negative personality dispositions as postulated in interpersonal acceptance and rejection theory. The meta-analysis was based on 35 studies from 16 countries in four continents involving 13,406 children (52% boys and 48% girls). All studies included in the meta-analysis, used child versions of the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire for Mothers and for Fathers (Child PARQ: Mothers and Fathers), as well as the child version of the Personality Assessment Questionnaire (Child PAQ). Results showed that both maternal and paternal hostility/aggression correlated significantly with the psychological maladjustment and with all seven negative personality dispositions, including (1) hostility/aggression, (2) dependence or defensive independence, (3) negative self-esteem, (4) negative self-adequacy, (5) emotional instability, (6) emotional unresponsiveness, and (7) negative worldview of children across ethnicities, cultures, and geographical boundaries. Results further revealed that perceived maternal than paternal hostility/aggression has significantly stronger relations with children’s psychological maladjustment globally.
Circulating CD52 and CD20 Levels Predict for Progression and Survival in Patients with CLL Treated with Fludarabine (F), Cyclophosphamide (C), and Rituximab (FCR).

The CD52 and CD20 antigens are ubiquitously expressed on CLL B cells and are important therapeutic targets for the monoclonal antibodies alemtuzumab and rituximab, respectively. Circulating soluble CD52 (sCD52) and CD20 (sCD20) have been shown to have prognostic value in CLL, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and Hodgkin’s disease (Blood 101:2507, 2003; Br J Haem 123:850, 2003). The pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of these mAbs may be adversely affected by circulating sCD52 and sCD20. Using the previously described ELISAs, we measured levels of sCD52 and sCD20 at various time points in blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of chemotherapy-naive patients treated with FCR. Treatment consisted of fludarabine 25 mg/m2 d1-3, cyclophosphamide 250mg/m2 d1-3, and rituximab 375–500mg/m2 d1 as previously described (JCO 23:4079, 2005). Courses were repeated every 4 weeks for a total of 6 courses. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were fit to evaluate the correlations of sCD52 and sCD20 and baseline characteristics with progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A total of 291 patients were included, pretreatment characteristics [median (range)] were as follows: age=57yrs (17–86); WBC=76.9K/μL(2.1–619.5); ALC=66.7K/μL(0.8–558); HGB=12.4g/dL(6.1–18.7); PLT=155K/μL(8–406); s2M= 3.7mg/L(1.6–16.4); LDH=550 IU/L(103–1828). Patients with Rai stage 0=8; I–II=186; and III–IV=97. The median follow-up time for all patients is 56 months. Of the 278 responding patients, 88 (31.7%) have progressed; the median time to progression has not been reached. To date, the median survival time for the 291 patients has not been reached; 57 (19.6%) patients have died. Pretreatment characteristics analyzed included age, gender, PS, WBC, ALC, HGB, PLT, s2M, and RAI stage; post-treatment factors included PCR for IgVH in BM, and sCD52 and sCD20 (BM and PB) levels at response. Univariate analyses identified the following predictors for PFS (p < .05): age, HGB, s2M, PCR for IgVH at response, and PB sCD20 at response. Independent predictors for PFS identified in multivariate analysis included PCR for IgVH and PB sCD20 level at response. For OS, significant (p < .05) factors in univariate analyses included: age, HGB, s2M, PCR for IgVH at response, and BM sCD52 at response. Independent predictors for OS identified in multivariate analysis included age and BM sCD52 level at response. Residual sCD52 at response may reflect residual disease, therefore correlating with shorter OS. We are currently evaluating sCD52 and sCD20 as prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in previously treated patients that received FCR as salvage therapy.
Renal allograft granulomatous interstitial nephritis: observations of an uncommon injury pattern in 22 transplant recipients.

Background: Granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN) is uncommon in native kidneys, and descriptions in allografts are few. We report clinical and pathologic findings in 22 allograft recipients with GIN identified in renal allograft biopsies and nephrectomies. Methods: Renal allografts with GIN were retrieved from the pathology files of two academic medical centers. Available clinical and pathologic data were compiled retrospectively for a 23-year period. Results: GIN was present in 23 specimens from 22 patients (15 males and 7 females) with allograft dysfunction [serum creatinine averaged 3.3 mg/dL (range 1.4-7.8)], at a mean age of 48 years (range 22-77). GIN was identified in 0.3% of biopsies at a mean of 552 days post transplantation (range 10-5898). GIN was due to viral (5), bacterial (5) and fungal (2) infections in 12 (54.5%), and drug exposure was the likely cause in 5 cases (22.7%). One had recurrent granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In 4 cases, no firm etiology of GIN was established. Of 18 patients with follow up data, 33.3% had a complete response to therapy, 44.5% had a partial response and 22.2% developed graft loss due to fungal and E. coli infections. All responders had graft survival for more than 1 year after diagnosis of GIN. Conclusions: Allograft GIN is associated with a spectrum of etiologic agents and was identified in 0.3% of biopsies. Graft failure occurred in 22% of this series, due to fungal and bacterial GIN; however, most had complete or partial dysfunction reversal and long-term graft survival after appropriate therapy.
Sensitivity of Kansas Microearthquake Network

This study explores the magnitude-versus-distance sensitivity of the Kansas Geological Survey (KGS) microearthquake network. The ability of each seismograph station to record earthquakes of various magnitudes as a function of epicentral distance is investigated, and a series of magnitude-versus-distance graphs results. The ability of the network to monitor seismic activity in eastern Kansas is excellent to magnitude 1.5 and is sufficient to detect events greater than magnitude 2.3 in western Kansas. Station detection radii for magnitude 1.5 events range from 145 km for the Emporia seismograph station (EMK) to 225 km at Tuttle Creek (TCK); and for a magnitude 2 event, from 245 km at EMK to 385 km at TCK. The sensitivities of the nine seismographs of the network are similar despite their widespread locations across eastern Kansas.
La arquitectura como instrumento político: Andrés Jaque y Enrique Walker en conversación

espanolLa relacion entre arquitectura y politica ha sido un tema permanente que ha resurgido con fuerza tras la crisis del 2008. Sin embargo, poco se ha discutido sobre cuales son los instrumentos efectivos que tiene la arquitectura para incorporarse a esa discusion. En base al proyecto COSMO, Andres Jaque y Enrique Walker analizan las formas en que la arquitectura puede ser un instrumento con incidencia en un escenario politico tan difuso como el actual. EnglishThe relationship between architecture and politics has been a long-lasting subject that has resurfaced strongly after the 2008 crisis. However, little has been said regarding the actual instruments that architecture has to take part in this discussion. Based on the cosmo project, Andres Jaque and Enrique Walker analyze the ways in which architecture can be an instrument to impact a political scene as fuzzy as the present one