cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular-Beam Magnetic-Resonance Measurements of the Anisotropies of the Electric Polarizabilities of H 2 and D 2

The anisotropies $\ensuremath{\gamma}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ of the static electric polarizabilities of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ were measured in a molecular-beam magnetic-resonance experiment. The quadratic Stark shifts of the separated-oscillatory-field resonances in the ground electronic and vibrational and $J=1$ rotational states were measured in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The results are $\ensuremath{\gamma}({\mathrm{H}}_{2})=0.3016\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}.0005$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$ and $\ensuremath{\gamma}({\mathrm{D}}_{2})=0.2917\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}.0004$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$, which agree very closely with theory. A previously measured combination of the spin-rotation and quadrupole-interaction constants of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ was independently remeasured, and the dependence upon orientation of the nuclear magnetic shielding of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ was found to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}9$ ppm. An efficient electron-bombardment detector was constructed for this experiment.
Turbulent convection in helium gas

Abstract Various changes in measured signals were observed in thermal convective experiments of low-temperature helium gas, indicating that there are more than one turbulent states in the system. The more recently observed transition occurs at a Rayleigh number of about 1011, within the hard turbulence regime. It was first observed [Wu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 2140] in the analyses of the frequency power spectra, measured at the center of the experimental cell. In this paper, it is shown that the power spectra can be equally well fitted by three different fitting functions, each having a different physical interpretation. Thus, the transition is not well characterized by the power spectra. On the other hand, the study of root-mean-squared temperature derivatives clearly indicates and quantifies this transition.
Calculation of free energy surfaces using the methods of thermodynamic perturbation theory

Abstract A molecular dynamics method for determining the free energy difference between systems separated in configuration space has been developed. With this new approach, which is based on thermodynamic perturbation techniques, potentials of mean force for conformational changes may be calculated. As a test of the method, the potential of mean force and radial distribution function for liquid argon have been computed. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from an ordinary simulation.
Documentation: Ideas and Applications from the Reggio Emilia Approach.

An art specialist and action researcher discusses the dynamic role of documentation in the classroom as influenced by the Reggio Emilia approach.
Adolescents, IUDs, PID, and Enterococcus: a report of two cases.

Abstract Background Intrauterine devices are being used more frequently in adolescents requiring long-term reversible contraception. This population of sexually active adolescents is also at risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Cases We report two cases of PID in adolescents with IUDs in place, both of whom had symptom resolution with removal of their IUDs, and in whom both IUDs were culture positive for Enterococcus. Summary and Conclusion Whether these results indicate vaginal contamination or a causative agent for PID is unclear, but one should consider alternative causes of PID in adolescents with IUDs, particularly in those with prolonged symptoms.
Multirater Agreement of Arthroscopic Meniscal Lesions

BackgroundEstablishing the validity of classification schemes is a crucial preparatory step that should precede multicenter studies. There are no studies investigating the reproducibility of arthroscopic classification of meniscal pathology among multiple surgeons at different institutions.HypothesisArthroscopic classification of meniscal pathology is reliable and reproducible and suitable for multicenter studies that involve multiple surgeons.Study DesignMultirater agreement study.MethodsSeven surgeons reviewed a video of 18 meniscal tears and completed a meniscal classification questionnaire. Multirater agreement was calculated based on the proportion of agreement, the kappa coefficient, and the intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsThere was a 46% agreement on the central/peripheral location of tears (κ = 0.30), an 80% agreement on the depth of tears (κ = 0.46), a 72% agreement on the presence of a degenerative component (κ = 0.44), a 71% agreement on whether lateral tears were central to the popli...
Carbon source, cyclic nucleotide, and protein inhibitor effects on protein and cellulase secretions inNeocallimastix frontalis EB188

Protein and cellulase secretion inNeocallimastix frontalis EB188 was studied. Induction of secretion in this ruminal fungus was dependent on the amount of medium cellulose and on de novo protein synthesis. Medium glucose repressed secretions and diminished the utilization of medium cellulose. Exogenously added cyclic nucleotides failed to derepress glucose repression. Medium glycerol had no effect on protein and cellulase secretion, would not support cell growth, and was nontoxic.
Prosodic finality and sentence type in French

Prosodic boundaries are marked in speech by modifications to dimensions such as F0, duration, and segmental quality. The experiment reported here tests the hypothesis that modifications at the end of a prosodic domain may be amplified or attenuated depending on the type of sentence (statement or question). The prosodic modifications investigated here for French are sentence-final lengthening and vowel devoicing, which is related to changes in voice quality. Six native speakers of French read 10 matched sets of sentences, which included both statements and questions. Measurements were made of the last vowel in each test sentence and of sentence-medial vowels in control sentences. Statement-final vowels were less periodic and more often devoiced than vowels at the end of questions or sentence-medial vowels, but question-final vowels were lengthened more than statement-final vowels. These results occurred in questions both with and without a final pitch rise, suggesting that sentence type is more important than final intonation contour in determining how prosodic finality is marked. The difference between statements and questions thus appears to be in the relative importance of lengthening and voice quality modification in marking finality, not in the overall extent to which it is marked.
Measurement of Bone Mass from Ultrasonic Transmission Time.

SummaryWhen a beam of pulsed sound is passed between two transducers a fixed distance apart, the transit time depends upon the velocity of sound in the medium separating them. Because the velocitie...
Weed Control and Turf Safety of Single and Sequential Applications of Herbicides Over Spring Seedings

Weed control is important during establishment of cool-season grasses, especially when seeded in spring near summer annual weed germination. Our objectives were to determine (i) turf safety and weed control from sequential applications of newly-released herbicides on tall fescue at three seeding dates (May, June, July) and (ii) turf safety and weed control from newly-released herbicides applied at seeding or shortly after emergence of spring-seeded Kentucky bluegrass or tall fescue. No herbicides tested negatively affected turfgrass establishment and usually improved turf establishment by reducing weed competition. Mesotrione consistently provided effective weed control and turf cover from either single or sequential applications over different locations, years, seeding dates, and turf species. Quinclorac or siduron applied as single or sequential applications or quinclorac+carfentrazone as a single application provided effective weed control and turf cover depending on seeding date and application regime. Although spring seeding can be achieved with high maintenance, it is strongly recommended to seed cool season grasses at the optimal time from late summer to early fall.
Hydrogen trapping in aged β-titanium alloys

Abstract Hydrogen trapping in three β-titanium alloys (unaged and aged Ti15V3Cr3Al3Sn and Beta-21S, and partially aged Beta-C) was investigated using a potentiostatic pulse technique. The apparent trapping constant ( k a ) and hydrogen entry flux were determined for each alloy in 1 mol 1 −1 acetic acid/1 mol 1 −1 sodium acetate. The results were compared with those for other β-Ti alloys (Ti10V2Fe3Al, Ti13V11Cr3Al and fully aged Beta-C) studied previously. Aging caused a negligible change in k a for Ti-15-3, whereas a marked increase was observed for Beta-21S and the other β-Ti alloys. Among the aged alloys, Ti-13-11-3 had the highest value of k a and Ti-15-3 had the lowest value. The intrinsic susceptibilities of Beta-C and Beta-21S to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), as represented by the trapping constants, were comparable and significantly higher than that of Ti-15-3. The susceptibilities were consistent with the relative resistances to HE observed for these alloys.
Transforming growth factor-β1 modulates expression of adhesion and cytoskeletal proteins in human peritoneal fibroblasts

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of TGF-β 1 on the expression of the α 1 , α 2 , α 5 , α v , and α 6 integrin subunits and on vinculin, and F-actin in human peritoneal fibroblasts. Design: Descriptive study using cell culture, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescent and confocal microscopy. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Gynecological surgery patients. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measure(s): Effects of TGF-β 1 on the steady state levels of α 5 , α v , and α 6 integrin transcripts were examined in the normal peritoneal fibroblasts using RT-PCR. Expression levels of the α 1 , α 2 , α 5 , α v , and α 6 integrin subunits and of F-actin were measured by immunofluorescent microscopy. The distribution pattern of the integrin subunits, vinculin, and F-actin were examined using confocal microscopy. Result(s): TGF-β 1 significantly up-regulated the expression levels of the α 5 , α v , and α 6 integrin subunits and modulated their expression pattern, resulting in relatively higher levels of these subunits in the focal contacts of peritoneal fibroblasts. It allocated vinculin expression primarily to the focal contacts of cells and caused distortion of F-actin structure. The transcript levels of the α 5 , α v , and α 6 integrin subunits were not altered by TGF-β 1 treatment. Conclusion(s): TGF-β 1 may promote postoperative adhesion formation by inducing the migration of peritoneal fibroblasts by altering the expression levels and patterns of specific integrin subunits, vinculin, and F-actin.
E&P technology development in times of uncertain and weak economy

The emphasis in this talk is on R&D, which, although not synonymous with E&P technology development, is the essential enabler for future technology. My comments for this forum will be in the form of questions, with personal opinions—but no answers—attached. Perhaps they will inspire discussion among, and even some answers from, today's panelists and members of the audience.
Non-invasive studies of peripheral vascular compliance using a non-occluding photoplethysmographic method

A non-invasive technique is implemented to measure a peripheral vascular compliance index Cindex, using an infrared photoplethysmographic waveform as an indicator of intravascular volume change and a continuous blood pressure monitor to measure the blood pressure during each heart-beat. The non-linear behaviour of Cindex with pressure and the effect of age on Cindex are studied in 62 males (15–73 years). Repeatability tests and the effect of ice-water exposure of a portion of a limb are studied in 10 and 14 subjects, respectively. For each individual, Cindex measurements are taken at discrete values of local mean arterial pressure (Pmean), and a Cindex against Pmean plot is obtained. There is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in Cindex for the lower values of Pmean (60–100 mmHg) between two age groups formed (15–52 and 58–73 years). The cold-pressor test (CPT) shows a 68% median decrease in Cindex, with an inter-quartile range of 60–77%, in a matter of seconds. The results suggest that Cindex may be a useful noninvasive indicator of peripheral vascular compliance in humans.
Statistical modelling of ammonia absorption in an acid spray scrubber

The use of acid spray wet scrubbers for recovering ammonia (NH3) emissions is promising due to its high NH3 removal efficiency, simplicity in design, and minimal pressure drop contribution on fans. An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a lab-optimised acid spray scrubber using simple modelling tools. Important parameters that significantly affect scrubber efficiency were identified as inlet NH3 concentration, air retention time, Sauter mean diameter of spray droplets, and liquid flow rate. Two statistical models (additive and multiplicative models) were developed from the experimental data using regression analysis of scrubber efficiency as a function of the significant operating parameters. The additive model had better performance accuracy with an R2 value of 0.93, MSE of 0, RMSE of 0.06, and MAPE of 8.89%. Both models have good predictive ability based on residual analysis, power analysis, and cross-evaluation. This study was able to develop simplified models to aid in predicting NH3 removal efficiency of an acid spray scrubber, which can be installed at animal facilities for NH3 abatement.
Regulation of IL‐1‐induced selective IL‐6 release from human mast cells and inhibition by quercetin

Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions, but also in innate immunity and inflammation. Crosslinkage of mast cell Fc immunoglobulin E receptors (FcvarepsilonRI) by multivalent antigen triggers secretion of granule-stored mediators, as well as de novo synthesis of cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. We showed recently that the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1 stimulates human leukemic mast cells (HMC-1) and human umbilical cord blood-derived cultured mast cells (hCBMCs) to release newly synthesized IL-6 without tryptase in the absence of degranulation. Here, we investigated several signal-transduction pathways activated by IL-1 leading to IL-6 production by HMC-1 and hCBMCs. We also investigated the effect of the flavonol quercetin that was recently shown to strongly inhibit IL-6 secretion in response to allergic stimulation from hCBMCs.IL-1 stimulated p38, but did not activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) or c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); it also did not activate protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes alpha, beta, mu and zeta, except for PKC-theta, which was phosphorylated. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the PKC inhibitors Calphostin C and Go6976 completely inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 production. Quercetin 1-100 microM inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 secretion, p38 and PKC-theta phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that IL-1-stimulated IL-6 production from human mast cells is regulated by biochemical pathways distinct from IgE-induced degranulation and that quercetin can block both IL-6 secretion and two key signal transduction steps involved.
Venlafaxine in Human Breast Milk and Nursing Infant Plasma: Determination of Exposure

OBJECTIVE Venlafaxine use during pregnancy has increased over the past decade in concert with accumulating reproductive safety data; however, systematic data on venlafaxine during lactation remain sparse. The current study characterizes the level and determinants of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine concentrations in breast milk and in nursing infant plasma. METHOD Women participating in a prospective investigation of perinatal pharmacokinetics from January 2001 through July 2006 who were treated with venlafaxine and who chose to continue venlafaxine during lactation were included in the analysis. Breast milk samples were collected via breast pump from foremilk to hindmilk from a single breast to determine the excretion gradient, and serial samples were collected over 24 hours to determine the time course of excretion. Paired maternal/infant plasma samples were also collected. Venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Statistical analyses of breast milk and infant plasma concentrations and their determinants were conducted. RESULTS Thirteen women and their nursing infants participated, providing 106 breast milk samples. The mean milk/plasma ratio was 275.3% (95% CI = 144.8% to 405.7%). There were statistically significant time courses of excretion for venlafaxine (R = 0.36, F = 6.82, P < .02), desvenlafaxine (R = 0.48, F = 4.41, P < .009), and combined venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine (R = 0.51, F = 5.16, P < .004), with the highest venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine concentrations in the breast milk occurring 8 hours after maternal ingestion. Infant plasma concentrations for combined venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine were 37.1% of maternal plasma concentrations. The theoretical infant venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine dose was 0.208 mg/kg/d, and the relative infant venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine dose was 8.1%. The theoretical and relative infant doses for desvenlafaxine were 197% and 224% higher, respectively, than those for venlafaxine. No adverse events were observed or reported in the nursing infants. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with previous investigations of medications in breast milk, the venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine milk/plasma ratios were highly variable. The rate of venlafaxine/desvenlafaxine excretion into human breast milk is relatively higher than that observed for other antidepressants, largely due to higher desvenlafaxine excretion. These data expand the extant literature on venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine in lactation.
A combinatorial study of the effects of admitting non-Watson-Crick base pairings and of base composition on the helix-forming potential of polynucleotides of random sequence.

The development of extensive double-helical secondary structure in random polynucleotides depends on the existence of regions of complementary or nearly complementary base sequence. Although the precise structure assumed in solution by a particular polynucleotide is determined by thermodynamic considerations, a purely statistical investigation of the expected extent of complementarity can yield useful general insights. Such probabilistic techniques are applied to a study of the effects of base composition and of different assumed base-pairing schemes on the extent of secondary structural development in random polynucleotides. The results suggest limitations on the possible evolutionary precursors to the extensive and nearly perfect helical structure exhibited by nucleic acids, such as the cloverleaf of tRNA and the flower model of the MS2 coat protein gene.
Evidence for primary laryngeal inhalant allergy: a randomized, double-blinded crossover study.

Background: Despite anecdotal reports, no controlled studies to date link allergen exposure with a change in vocal function or dysphonia. The aim of this study was to determine whether allergen exposure in susceptible individuals impairs vocal function. Methods: The study was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which subjects serve as their own controls. The participants were 5 inhalant allergic adults with suspected dysphonia from allergies, without evidence of reactive lower airways based on methacholine challenge. All subjects were exposed to 2 experimental conditions in which they were challenged with (1) orally inhaled diluent placebo on 1 day, and (2) orally inhaled allergen on another day. Conditions were randomly ordered across subjects and separated by at least 48 hours. Phonatory threshold pressure (PTP) at the 80th percentile pitch was measured prior to diluent and allergen challenge, and 15 and 60 minutes postchallenge to assess potential change in vocal function after challenge testing. Results: A repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect for treatment (allergen vs placebo, p = 0.013) with greater PTP required post–allergen challenge compared to placebo and an effect size of 0.821. Conclusion: A primary causal relationship between allergen exposure and impaired vocal function, as assessed by PTP, was observed in adults with documented allergy independent of asthma or nasal exposure. The current design establishes a safe model for laryngeal inhalant allergen challenge. © 2013 ARS–AAOA, LLC.
THEORIES OF CLUSTER-IMPACT FUSION WITH ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR CLUSTER BEAMS

Apparently disparate experimental results have been obtained for deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion products from the impact of atomic and molecular cluster beams on deuterated targets. Unexpectedly high fusion rates observed with beams of D2O clusters in the energy range 10–1000 eV per deuteron have been a formidable challenge to theoretical physics with previous attempts to explain these surprisingly high yields being unsuccessful. A further challenge exists because the resultant models also do not explain why fusion is not observed in similar experiments with beams of D clusters. We present a theory in which heavy atomic partners in the molecule play a vital role in producing the observed rates, and which can also explain the apparently conflicting experimental results.
Cooked Full-Fat Soybeans for Turkey Poults

Abstract The feeding of raw soybean meal generally reduces significantly the growth rate and feed efficiency of poults (Saxena et al., 1961); Linerode et al., 1961). However, the growth depression caused by raw soybeans could be partially corrected by the addition of methionine to the diet or by properly heating of the soybean as reported by Linerode et al. (1961) and White et al. (1966), respectively, in studies with turkey poults and broilers. The present study was to assess the availability of infra-red cooked full-fat soybeans for turkey poults. EXPERIMENTAL Twenty day-old Broad Breasted Bronze turkey poults of mixed sexes were randomly assigned to each experimental group. The poults were maintained in electrically heated battery brooders with raised wire floors throughout a three-week experimental period. The composition of the experimental diets is shown in Table 1. The calculated percentages of protein and fat in the diets were adjusted by adding choice…
Abscisic acid promotes fusion of phospholipid vesicles

Abstract The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is shown to promote the fusion of phospholipid small unilamellar vesicles under compositional and pH conditions similar to those previously reported for ABA-induced enhancement of membrane permeability and lipid vesicle aggregation. Single component phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles were resistant to ABA-induced fusion. Upon the incorporation of 10 membrane mol per cent phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to the PC membranes the vesicles were shown to fuse as followed by two different techniques, one monitoring the intermixing of the membranes (florescence resonance energy transfer) and the other the mixing of the sequestered aqueous compartments. Both synthetic saturated and natural unsaturated phospholipids were tested. Fusion was dependent on the concentration of the minor (PE) membrane component as well as on the concentration of ABA. Membranes made of PC's having different acyl chains in which liquid crystal and gel states coexist, were also fused by ABA. The process was pH dependent as only non-dissociated hormone promoted fusion. Fusion is also shown to be inhibited by incorporation of plant sterols into the bilayers. Some selectivity was evident as the biologically active cis-trans geometric isomer of ABA was fusogenic while the biologically inactive trans-trans isomer was not. These experiments are consistent with a lipid site of action on membranes for ABA.
Preliminary DICOM acceptance testing using the central test node

The Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University (BGSM) is installing clinical DICOM workstations and DICOM film digitizers for use in a telemedicine trial over the North Carolina ATM infrastructure. Acquiring equipment thought to be DICOM compliant, but which does not live up to expectations and possibly fails to interoperate with other DICOM equipment, is a concern. In cooperation with RSNA and the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology of the Washington University School of Medicine (MIR), BGSM made acceptance of the CEMAX workstations for the telemedicine trial contingent upon a satisfactory test with the MIR central test node (CTN). During the test, both engineers never left their hospitals during the tests drastically cutting travel and per diem costs and valuable time. The successful results exceeded expectations. Images were not only passed back and forth to the CTN by both the CEMAX clinical workstation and the quality assurance workstation, but images arriving from the CTN were entered into the CEMAX clinical database without operator intervention. It was expected that the images would transfer, but the placement into the database, although reasonable to expect, actually occurred. This live test from an independent test source exhibited the ease with which the CEMAX workstations handled the DICOM images in their systems. In the test, the CEMAX workstations were configured as an exporter of DICOM images at BGSM. The CTN was entered in the configuration of the CEMAX workstations as a source of DICOM images. The test was to ensure that plain film, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance images could be easily exchanged between workstations electronically. This paper describes the procedure for using the CTN to provide preliminary testing of DICOM equipment.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Estimating Ascorbic Acid Requirements for Cigarette Smokers

This analysis of a large, population based, cross-sectional survey demonstrates that the association of smoking with decreased serum ascorbic acid (AA) levels is independent of the reduced AA intake found in smokers. Smokers have a threefold higher incidence of low serum AA levels ( or = 200 mg was necessary to provide smokers with equivalent protection from hypovitaminosis AA as had nonsmokers whose AA intake exceeded the recommended dietary allowance (RDA [60 mg]). This level of dietary AA intake is considerably higher than the newly increased RDA for smokers of 100 mg. Although the simplest and most direct method to increase the low serum vitamin C levels found in many smokers would be to stop smoking, markedly increasing dietary AA consumption is appropriate when this is unsuccessful. However, if dietary modification fails to sufficiently increase AA intake, then vitamin supplementation may be necessary to significantly reduce the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis AA present in smokers.
Production Of Gallium Atoms By Excimer Laser Photolysis Of Trimethylgallium

The gas phase kinetics of group III elements such as gallium are important in potential chemically-driven energy-transfer lasers and in chemical vapor deposition processes in the electronics industry. Excimer laser photodissociation of volatile gallium compounds via multiple-photon processes provides, in principle, a convenient room-temperature source of gallium atoms for study using laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence techniques. In this paper, we report preliminary results on the production of atomic gallium from the multiple-photon dissociation of trimethylgallium at 193 nm. Prompt emission from a number of excited gallium states (5 2S, 4 2D, 6 2S, 6 2P°, 5 2D, and 4 4P) is observed. The time histories of the ground state (4 2P°1/2) and the metastable state (4 2P°3/2) have been measured using laser-induced fluorescence. The resulting time profiles are complicated even in the absence of an added reactant gas by the apparent production of ground state gallium at relatively long times (-10 μs) after the excimer laser pulse. Possible mechanisms for this (i.e., radical reactions to produce gallium, energy transfer, cascading from high lying metastable states, ionic processes, etc.) are being investigated. These results indicate that the photodissociation of trimethylgallium at 193 nm is complex. Mechanistic considerations suggest that photolysis at other wavelengths and with other precursors may lead to a cleaner source of gas-phase atomic gallium for kinetic studies, and these studies are in progress.
The relationship between emotional maturity and drinking-and-driving involvement among young adults

The relationship between emotional maturity and drinking-and-driving involvement among young adults aged 25-34 was investigated. The variables were sex, age broken down into two groups (25-29 and 30-39), and six drinking-and-driving categories. The Revised Huffman Inventory was used to measure emotional immaturity. The inventory was administered to graduate students enrolled at The University of Tennessee at Knoxville during the summer of 1981. A table of random numbers was used to obtain a sample of 326 subjects. A three-factor analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses. If a difference among groups was significant (p less than .05), Duncan's Multiple Range Test was applied to determine where those differences were. The conclusions were: (1) among females and males in the same age group, females are more emotionally mature than males; (2) age is a factor in emotional maturity in that emotional maturity increases with age; and (3) there appears to be a link between emotional maturity and drinking-and-driving involvement in that persons with lower emotional maturity are more likely to drive while under the influence of alcohol.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Comparison of the Active Site Structures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Lignin Peroxidase Isoenzymes H2, H3, H4, H5, H8, and H10

The iron heme and its immediate environment can provide information that is pivotal to our understanding of the structural and mechanistic features that confer unusual properties to the heme peroxidases. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which is ideally suited for the investigation of the local environment and electronic structure of the heme iron of hemeproteins, has been used to characterize a variety of lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase isoenzymes produced by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The data suggest no differences within the error in the first coordination shell of iron for the isoenzymes H2, H3, H4, H5, H8, and H10 examined in this study. The pyrrole nitrogens are at a distance of 2.05 +/- 0.015 A, and the proximal histidine nitrogens are at 1.93 +/- 0.02 A, while the sixth ligands are located at 2.17 +/- 0.03 A. Significant differences are observed in higher coordination shells which may be related to conformational differences in the heme.
Involvement of nitric oxide in farnesyltransferase inhibitor–mediated apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia cells

The mechanism of action of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has not been fully clarified. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of various FTIs in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using LAMA cells and marrow cells from 40 CML patients in chronic phase. FTI-mediated cytotoxic effect was observed in LAMA cells and in 65% of primary CML cells, whereas marrow cells from controls were only weakly affected. Cytotoxic effects were partially related to enhanced apoptosis; however, Fas-receptor (FasR) and Fas-ligand (FasL) expression were not modified by FTIs. Susceptibility to FTI-mediated inhibition did not correlate with FasR/FasL expression in CD34+ CML cells. Moreover, intra-cellular activation of caspase-1 and -8 were not altered by FTIs, and their blockade did not reverse FTI toxicity. However, we observed FTI-induced activation of caspase-3, and its inhibition partially reverted FTI-induced apoptosis. FTIs did not modulate bcl2, bclxL, and bclxS expression, whereas they increased inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) mRNA and protein levels, resulting in higher NO production. Furthermore, C3 exoenzyme, a Rho inhibitor, significantly increased iNOS expression in CML cells, suggesting that FTIs may up-regulate NO formation at least partially through FTI-mediated inhibition of Rho. We conclude that FTIs induce selective apoptosis in CML cells via activation of iNOS and caspase-3.
Raman measurements at the exit of a combustor sector

Spontaneous Raman diagnostics are applied to the exit plane of an aircraft engine combustor sector fueled with both natural gas and liquid fuel (kerosene). Profiles of temperature and major species are obtained at the sector exit. The Raman mean temperature data agrees well with thermocouple measurements at identical operating conditions. The rms profiles show up to 12 and 16% fluctuations in temperature at the centerline of the burner with natural gas and kerosene, respectively. The mean profiles of major species show the expected trends. Up to 6% unburnt oxygen is measured at the centerline with natural gas. The corresponding value with liquid fuel is 8%. Profiles of Unburned hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide, and hydrogen at the centerline indicate incomplete combustion at the measurement plane as also evidenced by the visible flame extending significantly beyond the sector exit. Profiles of normalized rms mole fractions of major species are also presented. Finally, the Raman system is applied to a room temperature cell at elevated pressures to extend the system to this regime. The Raman signals increase linearly with pressure as expected.
Financial Literacy and Quantitative Reasoning in the High School and College Classroom

This overview frames the eight articles devoted to financial literacy in this issue of Numeracy. The survey questions used to assess financial literacy in the United States, Romania, France, Switzerland, Australia, and elsewhere include mathematics that is routinely covered in mathematics and quantitative reasoning courses. Financial literacy, wherever it is received, appears to benefit people throughout their lives. The close tie between quantitative and financial literacy may be exploited to introduce more of both into the high school and undergraduate curriculum.
Greatness and misery in the teaching of the psychology of learning.

Overshadowed by more popular disciplines, the study of learning seems to have lost its prominent place in the undergraduate psychology curriculum. In the first part of this essay, we argue that one reason for this state of affairs is the current content of psychology of learning courses, namely, its disproportionate emphasis on facts, procedures, and everyday examples at the expense of functional and conceptual investigations. In the second part of the essay, we outline an alternative approach to the teaching of learning, one that emphasizes basic contents such as the conceptualization of learning as a biological adaptation or the study of temporal regulation, critical methodological issues such as the logic of experimental designs or the difficulties of measuring behavior, and broad epistemological problems such as the role of hypothetical constructs, the advantages of quantitative reasoning, or the origins of knowledge and its integration. By using learning as a means towards more fundamental ends, the splendor of the discipline and its prominent place in the undergraduate curriculum may be restored.
Requirements for Borrelia burgdorferi plasmid maintenance

Abstract Borrelia burgdorferi has multiple linear and circular plasmids that are faithfully replicated and partitioned as the bacterium grows and divides. The low copy number of these replicons implies that active partitioning contributes to plasmid stability. Analyzing the requirements for plasmid replication and partition in B. burgdorferi is complicated by the complexity of the genome and the possibility that products may act in trans. Consequently, we have studied the replication–partition region (bbb10–13) of the B. burgdorferi 26 kb circular plasmid (cp26) in Escherichia coli, by fusion with a partition-defective miniF plasmid. Our analysis demonstrated that bbb10, bbb11, and bbb13 are required for stable miniF maintenance, whereas bbb12 is dispensable. To validate these results, we attempted to inactivate two of these genes in B. burgdorferi. bbb12 mutants were obtained at a typical frequency, suggesting that the bbb12 product is dispensable for cp26 maintenance as well. We could not directly measure cp26 stability in the bbb12 mutant, because cp26 carries essential genes, and bacteria that have lost cp26 are inviable. Conversely, we were unable to inactivate bbb10 on cp26 of B. burgdorferi. Our results suggest that bbb12 is dispensable for cp26 maintenance, whereas bbb10, bbb11, and bbb13 play crucial roles in that process.
Application of ferrography to the study of wear and arthritis in human joints

Abstract Modifications in the ferrographic technique now permit its application to the analysis of synovial fluids. Studies of synovial fluid aspirated from artificial joint replacements have confirmed the usefulness of ferrography in the analysis of wear in prosthetic devices in situ . With natural joints, ferrography appears to be a highly sensitive monitor of the erosion of intraarticular surfaces. In addition, it holds promise as a diagnostic tool, with the potential to shed new light on the pathophysiology of various forms of arthritis.
Kinetics of the reaction of the sulphydryl groups of human hemoglobin and globin with p -mercuribenzoate in alkaline solution

La mesure des taux de reaction des sulfhydryles masques de l'hemoglobine et de la globine humaines avec lep-mercurichlorobenzoate montre que ce taux de reaction est plus grand en tampon glycine-glycinate au pH 10,5 qu'en tampon phosphate au pH 7. Il est plus grand pour la globine que pour l'hemoglobine, dans les memes conditions. Le titrage des groupes de sulfhydryles «libres» dans le dimere d'hemoglobine present en tampon glycine-glycinate au pH 10,5 indique la presence d'un tel groupe ce qui fait supposer que l'espece en question est le dimereα 1 β 1.
The Theory of Search. II. Target Detection

“Kinematic bases,” the first paper of this series, discussed the geometric and kinematic factors involved in search---the positions, motions, and contacts of observers and targets. Probability was introduced only in assuming specific relative positions for the observer and target. The present paper discusses the uncertainties inherent in the act of detection under various specific conditions of contact. In the course of the discussion a body of methods for applying probability to problems of detection is developed. It must be emphasized, however, that these methods are conditioned by the particular situation in the case of visual detection because the different elementary acts of looking or “glimpses” are essentially independent trials. The reason for the distinction follows.
Rapid enrichment of biomolecules using simultaneous liquid and particulate dielectrophoresis.

Here we show that dielectrophoretic (DEP) liquid actuation can be used to dispense arrays of nanoliter-sized droplets loaded with biomolecules. Size-based enrichment of these biomolecules occurs rapidly and simultaneously with the droplet dispensing. The physical mechanism responsible for the effect is the positive DEP force directed toward the electrodes that is imposed by the non-uniform electric field during the very rapid DEP actuated flow before droplet formation. Experiments conducted with a suspension of lambda DNA (molecular weight: 31.5 × 103 kDa) and lectin protein (120 kDa) containing identical molar concentration shows separation of DNA and protein within the nanolitre sized droplets formed along the electrode. The density ratio of protein to DNA varies smoothly from 1 : 1 in the parent droplet to ∼3 : 1, favoring the smaller sized protein in the daughter droplet dispensed furthest from the parent droplet, ∼2.4 mm from the parent droplet. Experiments conducted with binary protein solutions containing identical molar concentrations of bovine serum albumin (66 kDa) and fibrinogen (340 kDa) reveal that enrichment is enhanced as the length of the electrodes is increased. The density ratio of BSA to fibrinogen varied from 1 : 1 in the parent droplet to ∼1.97 : 1 at the last (tenth) droplet, located approximately 4.2 mm from the parent droplet. The entire process, consisting of droplet dispensing and particle separation, occurs in less than one second.
Dynamic two-dimensional beam-pattern steering technique

A dynamic two-dimensional laser-beam-pattern steering technique using photorefractive holograms in conjunction with electrically addressed spatial light modulators is proposed and investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the dynamic steering of random combinations of basis beam patterns. The proposed method has the advantages of random beam-pattern combination, good beam intensity uniformity, and higher diffraction efficiency compared with conventional methods.
Prototyping and Experimental Validation for Design of Recreational Waterslides

This paper presents prototyping and experimental methods for validating design of recreational waterslides obtained using computer-aided modeling and simulation technology. A scaled physical prototype of the waterslide designed in computer-aided design (CAD) is first fabricated using a rapid prototyping machine. The surface of the prototype is polished and treated to reduce friction, which plays a key role in this study. The object sliding path and time are then captured using a high-speed digital camera. The path and time are compared with those obtained from computer simulations. The simulation and experimental results agree well; therefore, validating the accuracy of the simulation method. A real-world waterslide configuration is employed for the study. This proposed method offers a cost effective alternative for verifying design of waterslides, especially for those scenarios where simulations are not yet available.
Scattering tensors and Clebsch-Gordan coefficients in crystals

This paper is concerned with the relationship between the scattering tensors for the Raman (inelastic) scattering of light by phonons, or other excitations in a crystal, and the crystal-space-group Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. It is proven that the elements of the first-order scattering tensors are a prescribed linear combination of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients; the elements of the second-order scattering tensors are a prescribed bilinear combination of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients.
Challenges in cross‐gender mentoring relationships: psychological intimacy, myths, rumours, innuendoes and sexual harassment

Explores the roles of sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships. Today’s leaders are concerned about controlling sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender work relationships and there is an increased awareness of the sexual harassment aspect of sexuality in today’s society. Describes sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships and explores the sex role spillover model’s explanation for sexuality in these relationships. Views sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships along a continuum ranging from non‐sexual, psychologically intimate relationships to the extreme of sexual harassment. Includes mentors’, proteges’ and co‐workers’ perceptions of sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships in this discussion along with the impact of these perceptions on cross‐gender mentoring relationships. Finally, considers ways to manage sexuality and intimacy in cross‐gender mentoring relationships.
A dual embryonic origin for vertebrate mechanoreceptors

Neuromasts, the mechanoreceptors of the lateral line system of fishes and aquatic amphibians, have previously been thought to develop exclusively from embryonic epidermal placodes. Use of fate mapping techniques shows that neuromasts of the head and body of zebrafish, Siamese fighting fish, and Xenopus are also derived from neural crest. Neural crest migrates away from the neural tube in developing vertebrates to form much of the peripheral nervous system, pigment cells, and skeletal elements of the head. The data presented here demonstrate that neuromasts are derived from both neural crest and epidermal placodes.
Emprical contributions to the theory of the firm

In 1937, Ronald Coase proposed that the cost of transacting between producers and suppliers will determine the economic organisation of a firm. From this original insight, and further refinements, an important stream of literature developed providing the foundations for transaction–cost economics, principal–agent theory, and risk analysis as it relates to contract design. From these theoretical foundations, a body of empirical work has tested the predictions of Coase's original assertions. This article documents key empirical contributions to identifying the institutional and statistical determinants of optimal contract design and the choice of economic organisation.
Suicidology: a victimology perspective.

In this brief essay, I have tried to show that the discipline of victimology, when applied to suicidal behavior, suggests new questions for researchers to address, including survivor surveys to identify who the survivors really are and what is the role of the survivor in the suicide-survivor interpersonal dynamic. Language: en
All-optical encoders and decoders for spectral CDMA using bipolar codes

We report both experimental and theoretical results for a physical implementation of a bipolar encoding scheme suitable for fiber optic networks. The power spectrum of an erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source is encoded, the bipolar correlations of the codes are verified and rejection of multiple-access interference is demonstrated in a fiber- based testbed. Simulations of the correlation process identify key optical parameters and physical characteristics important to the design of future systems.
Relating helix tilt in a bilayer to lipid disorder: a mean-field theory.

Abstract We present a mean-field theory relating the helix tilt angle in a bilayer to lipid disorder. The theory provides a method to compare the rotational barriers for different helices in lipid bilayers. The results suggest that the helix tilt angle is strongly affected by both the hydrophobicity of the helix and the average lipid disorder. This leads us to point out future experiments that could shed light on lipid–protein interactions.