cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ROLE STRAIN IN COUPLES WITH AND WITHOUT A CHILD WITH A CHRONIC ILLNESS : ASSOCIATIONS WITH MARITAL SATISFACTION, INTIMACY, AND DAILY MOOD

This study examined marital role strain in 33 couples caring for a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 33 couples with a healthy child. The relationship between role strain, marital satisfaction, and psychological distress was tested. Couples completed a structured interview, questionnaires, a card sort procedure, and 4 daily diaries assessing activities and mood. Couples in the CF versus comparison group reported greater role strain on measures of role conflict, child-care tasks, and exchanges of affection. They also spent less time in recreational activities, but no reliable group differences were found in marital satisfaction or depression. Regression analyses indicated that role strain was related to marital satisfaction and depression and that recreation time accounted for additional variance. Path analysis suggested that recreation mediated the negative relationship between role strain and distress. The importance of using a contextual, process-oriented approach is discussed.
Thermal-Mechanical Analysis of Hybrid Spindle System Based on FEM

The deformation of the spindle system is the main factor affecting the accuracy of ultra-high speed grinding. To calculate the deformation of ultra-high-speed grinding spindle system is required to consider not only the formation of structural deformation, but also the thermal deformation. Using the simulation method, oil temperature and grinding force are calculated in this paper. Based on these two factors, the thermal-mechanical deformation of the hybrid spindle system is analyzed and calculated with the method of FEM. the This article uses simulation methods, analysis and calculation of the oil film temperature rise and the grinding force caused by deformation of the liquid and hydrostatic spindle system factors. The methods presented in this paper can be used in digital design of various kinds of spindle systems, in order to improve the accuracy of the spindle system design.
The effect of anti-ATPase antibodies upon the Ca++ transport of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Abstract Sheep or guinea pig antisera against the purified Ca ++ transport ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum inhibit Ca ++ transport due to a complement-dependent damage of the membrane, which causes massive leakage of Ca ++ . The Ca ++ -activated ATPase activity is only slightly affected even at ten times higher antibody concentration than that required for inhibition of Ca ++ transport. Antibodies prepared against the Ca ++ binding protein (C 1 protein) have no influence upon either ATPase activity or Ca ++ transport and ferritin-labeled anti-C 1 antibodies do not bind to microsomes.
The Editor's Field—The Cost of Vegetables

A colleague and I completed a multiyear field study that included an economic assessment of whether the activities were financially feasible. This parade of numbers representing the course of crop ...
Cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase. A theoretical account of its anomalous kinetics in terms of multiple isoenzymes

Abstract 1. 1. A theoretical analysis shows that the nonlinear curve profiles of the kinetic plots reported for phosphodiesterase may be explained on the basis of multiple isoenzymes. 2. 2. The usual practice of extrapolating the two linear regions of these nonlinear kinetic plots to give a high K m and a low K m requires justification. 3. 3. Our kinetic analysis for multi-isocnzyme systems may be applied to the binding of ligands to a macromolecule.
Properties of generic and almost every mappings in ZZ

In a Polish group G, a property is said to hold for a generic g∈G if the set on which it does not hold is meager in G; a property holds for almost every (ae) g∈G if the set on which it does not hold is Haar null. In this paper we study the properties of generic and ae elements of the Baer–Specker Group ZZ, the space of all self-maps of Z. We find that with respect to most of the properties under consideration in this paper, the properties of a generic element and ae element are complementary. Our results are similar in flavor to results by Dougherty and Mycielski for the group S∞ of all permutations of N.
Ranching and Multiyear Droughts in Utah: Production Impacts, Risk Perceptions, and Changes in Preparedness

Abstract Droughts characterize rangelands, yet drought research remains limited. Objectives of the study were to determine: 1) effects of the 1999–2004 drought on ranch resources, 2) how ranchers coped with the 1999–2004 drought, 3) whether ranchers have altered their preparedness for future drought, and 4) factors influencing change in preparedness. A phone and mail survey engaged a random sample of 615 ranchers providing 509 usable responses (83%). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, directional change tests, and logistic regression. Compared to “normal” years, the 1999–2004 drought had negative effects on 75% of operations including major reductions in water supplies, forage, and cattle productivity. One quarter of respondents indicated that the drought had neutral or positive effects, usually because they had unhindered access to water or high-value hay. Only 14% of respondents felt they were adequately prepared for the 1999–2004 drought, illustrated by the high use of federal relief progra...
Measuring psychosocial variables that predict older persons’oral health behaviour

The importance of recognising psychosocial characteristics of older people that influence their oral health behaviours and the potential success of dental procedures is discussed. Three variables and instruments developed and tested by the author and colleagues are presented. A measure of perceived importance of oral health behaviours has been found to be a significant predictor of dental service utilization in three studies. Self-efficacy regarding oral health has been found to be lower than self-efficacy regarding general health and medication use among older adults, especially among non-Western ethnic minorities. The significance of self-efficacy for predicting changes in caries and periodontal disease is described. Finally, a measure of expectations regarding specific dental procedures has been used with older people undergoing implant therapy. Studies with this instrument reveal that patients have concerns about the procedure far different than those focused on by dental providers. All three instruments can be used in clinical practice as a means of understanding patients' values, perceived oral health abilities, and expectations from dental care. These instruments can enhance dentist-patient rapport and improve the chances of successful dental outcomes for older patients.
Use of simulations of 15N profiling in studying hydrogen segregation at interfaces

We describe the use of simulations of experimental data in studying the behavior of hydrogen in thin layers using inverse (ρ, λ) reactions with 15N ions. Hydrogen is trapped in both disordered and epitaxial interfaces with crystalline silicon, in metal/SiO2 interfaces, and at other sites within thin deposited layers. A simulation program has been developed which calculates the expected gamma ray yield as a function of beam energy for a specified sample structure. Such factors as the detailed shape of the resonance, Doppler broadening due to hydrogen vibrations, energy straggling of the ion beam, and background due to cosmic rays are taken into account. The sample structure is specified as a series of layers with given composition, including hydrogen content. Simulated and measured data are compared for a variety of interfaces and thin-film structures.
p42/44MAPK regulates baseline permeability and cGMP-induced hyperpermeability in endothelial cells.

We tested the hypothesis that p42/44MAPK and p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases; MAPK) signaling pathways regulate endothelial cell permeability to macromolecules. Passage 2–4 human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were grown to confluence on fibronectin-coated Snapwell membranes. The flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran-70 across the HUVEC monolayers served to determine permeability. Application of 1 mM 8-bromo 3′ 5′ -cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8- Br - cGMP) increased permeability from 7.0 ± 1.6 × 10−6 to 12.5 ± 2.8 × 10−6 cm/s (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of HUVEC for 60 min with a selective p42/44MAPK inhibitor (AG126 at 2.7 and 27 μM) blocked 8-Br-cGMP-induced hyperpermeability. However, inhibition of p38MAPK (SB203580 at 0.6 μM) did not influence the cGMP-induced hyperpermeability response. AG126, administered at 27 μM, decreased baseline permeability from 7.9 ± 0.5 × 10−6 to 5.9 ± 0.5 × 10−6 cm/s (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the p42/44MAPK signaling pathway is important in the regulation of baseline permeability and cGMP-induced hyperpermeability.
The Role of cis-acting Sequences Governing Catabolite Repression Control of lacS Expression in the Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus

The archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus uses a catabolite repression-like system to control production of several glycoside hydrolases. To better understand this regulatory system, studies of the regulation of expression of the beta-glycosidase gene (lacS) were conducted. Expression of lacS varies in response to medium composition and to mutations at an unlinked gene called car. Despite gene overlap, expression of the lacS promoter proximal gene, SSO3017, exhibited coregulation but not cotranscription with lacS. Measurements of mRNA half-life excluded differential stability as a factor in lacS regulation. Chromosomal repositioning by homologous recombination of a lacS deletion series clarified critical cis-acting sequences required for lacS regulation. lacS repositioned at amyA exhibited increased lacS expression and compromised the response to medium composition independently of lacS 5' flanking sequence composition. In contrast, regulation of lacS by the car mutation was dependent on sequences upstream of the archaeal TATA box. Expression of a promoter fusion between lacS and the car-independent malA promoter integrated either at amyA or at the natural lacS locus was insensitive to the allelic state of car. In contrast, the promoter fusion retained a response to medium composition only at the lacS locus. These results indicate that car acts at the lacS promoter and that the response to medium composition involves locus-specific sequences exclusive of those present 5' to lacS or within the lacS transcription unit.
Defect Diffusion in Single Crystal Aluminum Oxide

A defect diffusion coefficient was determined in single crystal aluminum oxide from 1400° to 1850°C by measuring the movement of the color boundary in a Ti3+− doped single crystal heated in air. In this temperature range the experimental data can be represented by The interpretation developed is that this equation represents the diffusivity for a defect which contributes to aluminum self-diffusion.
Reachability, observability, and realization theory for factorable Volterra systems

A long standing approach to nonlinear system theory is the use of Volterra series to represent Input/output behavior. Techniques have been developed for determining the terms in the series from differential equation descriptions and from Input/output experiments. However the generality of this representation in a sense ignores structural features of the system under consideration, and this often precludes mathematical tractibility.
Genes controlling posterior gut development in theDrosophila embryo

Our present detailed understanding of the genetic mechanisms controlling segmentation has been made possible, in large part, by comprehensive screens of cuticular morphology that identified genes involved in epidermal patterning. To systematically identify genes involved in internal morphogenesis, specifically development of the gut, we have screened mutant embryos produced by a collection of 53 embryonic lethal mutations affecting embryonic pattern formation or differentiation, and a collection of 161 deficiencies covering, in aggregate, approximately 70% of the genome. Staining with the anti-crumbs antibody was used to characterize the Malpighian tubules and hindgut, as well as other internal organs. The geneshuckebein, tailless andwingless, and two previously undescribed loci at 24C/D and 68D/E, are required to establish the primordia for the posterior midgut and hindgut/Malpighian tubules. A locus in region 30A/C is required for extension of the midgut epithelium to surround the yolk, and region 36E/37F is required for outbudding of the Malpighian tubule primordia. Several deficiencies were identified that uncover loci with specific effects on the morphogenesis (elongation, lumen formation) of the hindgut and Malpighian tubules and on the formation of constrictions in the midgut.
Activating the inner caregiver: The role of support-giving schemas in increasing state self-compassion

Abstract Self-compassion, which involves treating one's own suffering with compassion, mirrors the interpersonal experience of giving support to others. In four experiments we examined the hypothesis that activating support-giving schemas can increase state self-compassion. In Experiments Experiment 1 , Experiment 2 , participants first recalled a negative event (Experiment 1 ) or experienced a lab-based test failure (Experiment 2 ), then were randomly assigned to recall an experience of giving support to versus having fun with another person, and finally completed a measure of state self-compassion. Experiments Experiment 3 , Experiment 4 examined the effects of actually giving support to another person (via written advice), compared to not giving support or simply reading about another's problem, and assessed effort invested in writing a self-comforting statement, operationalized as statement length (Experiment 3 ), and self-reported self-compassion (Experiment 4 ). As predicted, both forms of support-giving schema activation increased self-compassion. Alternative explanations involving affect, self-esteem, and awareness of others' problems were addressed. These results suggest that one way to increase compassion for the self is to give it to others.
Survey of North American pathologist practices regarding antibody-mediated rejection in cardiac transplant biopsies.

Abstract Background The 2004 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation consensus report specified an entity of histopathologic antibody-mediated rejection (hAMR) but did not define specific histologic criteria. Therefore, there is no gold standard for hAMR diagnosis. Methods In May 2009 we performed a survey of pathologists from cardiac transplant centers in the United States and Canada assessing practices regarding hAMR investigation. Results Of 94 centers who responded to our survey (77% response rate), 90% reported investigating for hAMR, and 80% of those reported having a defined protocol. Of centers with a defined protocol, 23% investigated all biopsies for hAMR. Of those who investigated for hAMR selectively, the most common triggers were clinical suspicion (61%) or suggestive histologic findings (36%). Sixteen different stains were used for hAMR investigation, the most common being C4d by immunofluorescence (38%), immunohistochemistry (38%) or both (21%). Conclusions We found wide variation in pathologists' practices regarding hAMR diagnosis. A consensus document regarding hAMR is needed to better align our collective protocols, understand this disease process and to optimize patient care.
The squalene synthetase active site. Catalytic acceptance of 7- and 11-demethylfarnesyl pyrophosphates

Abstract The substrate analogues 7-demethylfarnesyl pyrophosphate and 3,7-dimethylundeca-2,6,10-trienyl pyrophosphate are catalytically accepted at both substrate sites of yeast squalene synthetase, resulting in formation of 6,19-didemethylsqualene and terminal tetrademethylsqualene, respectively. The first product is formed at approximately one fourth, and the second at about one tenth, the rate of normal squalene synthesis. These results establish that the internal methyl groups are not specifically required for catalysis, but probably contribute to general lipophilic binding of the hydrocarbon chain.
Effects of pulmonary emphysema on QRS infarct size score

Pulmonary emphysema can produce false-positive electrocardiographic (ECG) changes of anterior myocardial infarction (MI). This problem was not addressed in earlier studies of the Selvester 54 Criteria/32 Point QRS score for MI size. The purpose of this study was to examine an automated Hewlett Packard ECG Computer Language (HP-ECL) implementation of the QRS score in the following groups of subjects. Patients who had been studied for possible lung disease with pulmonary tests, including lung volumes, were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 133), with abnormal tests (emphysema); and group 2 (n = 102), with normal tests (no emphysema). Two other groups were studied: group 3 (positive controls, n = 44), with greater than 3 QRS points for MI on ECG and documented coronary disease with wall motion abnormalities on angiography; and group 4 (negative controls, n = 146), 49 house staff and 97 clinically normal men. A frontal plane P axis greater than 65 separated 90% of patients with emphysema from those without. Of 133 patients with emphysema, 60 (45%) had greater than 3 QRS points for MI on ECG, mainly from Q criteria in aVL and V1-V3; decreased R criteria 1 in V2, V3, and V6; and abnormal R/S criteria in V4-V6. Using HP-ECL, the QRS score was readily modified so that when P axis was greater than 65 these MI size criteria were suppressed. This resulted in a more appropriate incidence of MI diagnoses: 2% (down from 45%) in emphysema patients, no change in specificity, and minor reduction in sensitivity to MI in infarct controls from 100% to 96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of Cam Profiles Using the Convolution Operator

A new method for designing cam profiles which modifies the residual vibration spectrum in a desired way is presented. This method utilizes the convolution operator to modify the dynamic properties of the cam motion in a specified way, while maintaining the total displacement of the motion. The method is illustrated by developing families of cam profiles of increasing continuity, and also by developing cam motions whose residual vibration spectra have significant zones of near zero vibration.
Smaller and Better: The University of Michigan Experience.

This paper discusses several hierarchical and sequential reduction options, including Balderston's budgetary strategies and this author's curricular change options. The latter are based on data gathered in a 1979-80 survey of 46 states on patterns of program reduction. Having introduced various reduction categories, the paper then focuses on the institutional shrinkage process currently being implemented at the University of Michigan. Four specific strategies are being discussed: (1) across-the-board cuts, (2) reduction of nonacademic programs; (3) long-range faculty reduction procedures, and (4) program discontinuance. A host of potential problems regarding the elimination of academic programs is described. The paper concludes by providing several general recommendations for institutional shrinkage procedures.
Applications and stability of a thermoelectric enzyme sensor

Abstract Remarkable room-temperature sensitivity and stability have been achieved with thermoelectric enzyme sensors that detect the heat generated by various substrates reacting selectively on their enzyme-immobilized surfaces. Thin-film thermopiles together with cross-linked membranes of glucose oxidase and catalase have been employed to measure a linear voltage response to glucose [30 nV/ (mg/dl)] for concentrations ranging from 16 to 280 mg/dl in oxygen-saturated solutions. 90% response time values are typically less than six seconds. One sensor stored at room temperature and operated intermittently did not significantly change its response to glucose over the course of five days, and ultimately failed after nine days. Another sensor stored at 37°C exhibited a daily decrease in sensitivity and failed after five days. Four sensors operated continuously at room temperature showed an average normalized decline in response to glucose of 0.0087 ± 0.0005 h−1 and operating times ranging between 30 and 78 h. Through the use of alternative enzymes, other sensors have been made that respond to either hydrogen peroxide or urea. The use of an alternative sensing mode in which the rate of voltage change is measured following a step change in concentration appears to extend the upper range of linear response to glucose.
The aqueous phase nitration of phenol and benzoic acid studied through flow-gated capillary electrophoresis

The aqueous phase nitration of benzoic acid and phenol was investigated via on-line capillary electrophoresis (CE). The presence of nitrated benzoic acid and phenol was supported through appearance of corresponding molecular ion peaks in ESI-MS measurements, and speciation of the nitrated isomers is achieved via the on-line CE method. The nitrated isomers produced in both reactions were successfully separated in <4 min by addition of 15 mM β-cyclodextrin to the electrophoresis buffer. Sequential separations (on-line analysis) allowed the reaction kinetics to be described. For benzoic acid, reaction yields were low (2–3%) however, results suggest both 3- and 2-nitrobenzoic acid form in a 1–1.4 concentration ratio. In addition, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid also forms in significant quantity under our reaction conditions. For the nitration of phenol, the reaction occurred more rapidly with observed yields between ≈10–30% for individual isomers. The yield of 2-nitrophenol was higher than 4-nitrophenol by a ratio of ...
Detection of an unknown waveform randomly recurring in Gaussian noise

Matched filtering is a widely used signal processing technique for detecting a known signal imbedded in noise. In the pulsed sonar case, the medium often distorts the received signal to such an extent that matched filtering is not optimal. This paper deals with the case where a record is obtained of Gaussian noise containing many repetitions of the distorted signal waveform. After obtaining an estimate of the waveform autocorrelation based upon nonoverlapping sections from the first part of the record, a test procedure is developed for determining whether or not the waveform is present in a subsequent section. The test procedure is derived from a Taylor series approximation of the likelihood ratio, where the signal-to-noise ratio is quite low and the probability that two or more waveforms are in the section is negligible. This suboptimal test involves cross correlating the sample autocorrelation with the waveform autocorrelation. An approximation is given to the difference in power between the likelihood-ratio test and its approximation. A comparison is made with the matched filter approach.
Psychophysical scaling of distorted speech.

Magnitude estimation and magnitude production procedures were used by ten normal-hearing subjects to scale the perceived distortion corresponding to the systematically varied physical distortion of...
On testing for ordered alternatives with increased sample size for a control

SUMMARY The problem of comparing several ordered dose levels with a control when a larger sample size is taken on the control is considered. The distributions of Bartholomew's tests are determined for the limiting case where the control mean is known and an approximation is given for the problem. The existing tables for Bartholomew's tests are extended. It is considered that these tests are superior in all situations where the sample size for the control is greater than the sample sizes for the nonzero dose levels.
Testing an integrated model of delinquency using LISREL

This study of 1,093 public high school students was designed to test an integrated theoretical model of delinquency, consisting of elements of social control and differential association theories, with LISREL procedures. The model confirmed wilh LISREL was very similar to the hypothesized model. The hypothesized model was fitted to data in one random sample taken from the original sample, and then confirmed in a separate random sample of respondents. The confirmed model showed a co-variant relationship between attachment to parents and religion, and each of these elements of bonding had a positive relationship to conventional beliefs. Conventional beliefs had an inverse relationship to differential association with delinquent peers, as well as to frequency of delinquent behavior. Modeling peer delinquent behavior increased delinquency, as did excuses for crime, and these excuses had a reciprocal relationship wilh perception of the rewards of delinquency. Theoretical and practice implications of the study ...
Applicability of emanating volatile organic compounds from various forensic specimens for individual differentiation

Abstract Trace biological materials contain volatile profiles that have yet to be evaluated to determine their value in forensic investigations. The volatiles released by different biological specimens (hand odor, hair, fingernails and saliva) collected from twenty individuals were identified using a solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method. The human scent compounds from each specimen, per subject, were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation to assess the applicability of these compounds for the differentiation of individuals. The volatile organic compounds from each specimen type were readily identified and discriminated. When conducting inter-subject discrimination within a single specimen type, greater than 98.9% of the samples, or individuals, were differentiated for all specimen types. When conducting inter-subject discrimination among the four specimen types 99.6% of the samples were differentiated, at the 0.9 correlation coefficient threshold. Additionally, the only occurrence of cross-correlation between specimen types was observed between hair and fingernails while there were no cross-correlations with hand odor or saliva thereby demonstrating the distinctiveness of these specimens.
Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in healthy volunteers and patients

Cefotaxime is a third-generation cephalosporin that has maintained good susceptibility pattern despite its extensive use. It is available for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Its pharmacokinetic property includes a small volume of distribution with low protein binding. Cefotaxime's half-life is approximately 1.1 h, and it is primarily eliminated by the kidney. It has an active metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime that displays pharmacokinetic properties similar to cefotaxime. Desacetyl-cefotaxime has a half-life of 1.5 h and also is eliminated by the kidneys by both glomerular filtration and active secretion. The half-life of cefotaxime and its metabolite is altered in patients with severe renal dysfunction requiring dosage adjustment. Despite its relatively short half-life, cefotaxime may be dosed every 12 h based on its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Spectroscopy of jet-cooled polar complexes of aminophthalimides

Abstract The spectroscopy and excited-state lifetimes of 3- and 4-aminophthalimides (3AP, 4AP), N-methyl-4AP (NM4AP) and some complexes with polar molecules have been explored under supersonic jet conditions. Spectroscopic data, MM2-level structure calculations and rotational coherence spectroscopy show that a single water molecule attaches to 3AP by accepting a hydrogen bond from the imide > NH group. Whereas 3AP/H2O is present as a single species, the case of 4AP is complicated by the presence of two isomers, having significantly different fluorescence decay times and radiative lifetimes. This observation, which is repeated for methanol complexation, is evidence for the sensitivity of the electronic structure of 4AP to a site-specific interaction.
Translating Associations Between Common Kidney Diseases and Genetic Variation Into the Clinic

Studies of the genetics of common diseases have revealed multiple risk alleles associated with end-stage renal disease, albuminuria, serum creatinine, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and increased triglyceride levels. These associations have prompted further basic science research, which has led to the discovery of novel pathways and a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common diseases. Currently, the ability to translate these discoveries into clinical practice is limited by the small effect size of these risk alleles and a lack of studies showing meaningful impact of genetic variation on risk assessment and clinical outcomes. Advances in genetic testing will continue to yield highly significant associations but translation into clinical practice will require effective collaboration between physicians and basic and social scientists. Rigorous clinical trials eventually will reveal which combination of genetic tests improves risk stratification and identifies individuals most likely to benefit from specific prevention strategies and therapies.
Relative contribution of major histocompatibility complex antigens to the immunogenicity of corneal allografts.

The relative contributions made by the major class I (RT1.A) and class II (RT1.B) antigens of the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to the immunogenicity of corneal and skin allografts were investigated using congenic animals. PVG (RT1c) recipients were given skin or heterotopic cornea grafts from congenic PVG.1A (RT1a) or PVG.R1 (RT1r1) donors, which respectively share the entire RT1 complex or only the RT1.A (major class I MHC antigen) region with fully allogeneic ACI (RT1a) rats. Recipient splenocytes were tested at ten days posttransplant for their ability to lyse ACI, PVG.1A, PVG.R1, and PVG target cells in a secondary CML following 6 days in vitro stimulation with irradiated ACI spleen cells. Effector cells from PVG recipients of both RT1.A and B disparate (PVG.1A donor) and RT1.A disparate (PVG.R1) skin or cornea grafts lysed ACI, PVG.1A, and PVG.R1 (but not PVG) targets at levels significantly above controls given syngeneic grafts. However, the level of cytotoxicity against PVG.R1 as well as ACI and PVG.1A allogeneic targets was always significantly higher following PVG.1A grafts than following PVG.R1 grafts, indicating that the addition of a class II MHC antigen difference markedly augmented the immunogenicity of class I MHC antigen disparate cornea and skin grafts. Taken together with other recent evidence confirming the presence of Langerhans cells in the normal rat (and human) cornea, these results suggest that class II MHC-bearing cells make an important contribution to the immunogenicity of corneal allografts.
Use of thickness-shear mode in constructing adaptive sandwich structures

A new adaptive sandwich structure is constructed using the shear mode of piezoelectric materials. A comparative study of the sandwich structure and the corresponding surface- mounted actuation structure is performed using finite element analysis. The effects of actuator length and location on actuation performance of the structures are studied. The stress distributions under mechanical and electrical loads are investigated for both the sandwich beam and the surface-mounted activation beam. It is shown that the stress level within the actuators is more severe for the surface-mounted actuation beam than for the sandwich. Also, the interface-stress distribution between actuator and host structure is analyzed. It is shown that sandwich construction offers many advantages over conventional surface-mounted actuation constructions.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Clinical aromatherapy. Part I: An introduction into nursing practice.

Aromatherapy is one of the fastest-growing complementary therapies used by nurses in acute-care and long-term care settings in the United States (Buckle, 2001; Thomas, 2002). Simply defined, aromatherapy is the controlled use of plant essences for therapeutic purposes (Ernst, 2001). Licensed and certified caregivers, such as massage therapists and estheticians, use aromatherapy regularly in their practices. Although interest in aromatherapy is increasing among nurses, most have not received specialized education in the selection, safe use, and clinical efficacy of essential oils. Risks are associated with the use of essential oils, and aromatherapists, healthcare providers, and patients must be made aware of the risks and practice safe use of essential oils. Aromatherapy generally should be considered an adjunctive treatment and not an alternative to conventional care. This article provides an overview of aromatherapy, guidelines for selecting quality products, and the potential risks associated with essential oils. “Clinical Aromatherapy Part II: Safe Guidelines for Integration Into Clinical Practice” (see page 597) provides an overview of the qualifications necessary for aromatherapy practice, a brief summary of published data, and guidelines for safe integration into clinical nursing practice. Despite the growth of aromatherapy, a limited amount of published data defines dosing, methods of administration, and therapeutic outcomes of essential oils. The development of clinical practice guidelines provides a safe, standardized approach to the use of essential oils and aromatherapy within clinical practice settings. Cherie Perez, RN, BS, CCRP, RMT, is research nurse supervisor in the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston and a volunteer facilitator at the Place ... of Wellness at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. This poster originally was presented at the Oncology Nursing Society 28th Annual Congress in Denver, CO. Adapted with permission. (Mention of specific products and opinions related to those products do not indicate or imply endorsement by the Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing or the Oncology Nursing Society.)
Chemical toxicology of reactive intermediates formed by the glutathione-dependent bioactivation of halogen-containing compounds.

The concept that reactive intermediate formation during the biotransformation of drugs and chemicals is an important bioactivation mechanism was proposed in the 1970s and is now accepted as a major...
Anthraquinonedisulfonate Electrochemistry: A Comparison of Glassy Carbon, Hydrogenated Glassy Carbon, Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite, and Diamond Electrodes

The electrochemistry of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (2,6-AQDS) at glassy carbon (GC), hydrogenated glassy carbon (HGC), the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and boron-doped diamond was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry. Quantitative determination of the surface coverage and qualitative assessment of the physisorption strength of 2,6-AQDS adsorption on each of these electrodes were done. The diamond and HGC surfaces are nonpolar and relatively oxygen-free, with the surface carbon atoms terminated by hydrogen. The polar 2,6-AQDS does not adsorb on these surfaces, and the electrolysis proceeds by a diffusion-controlled reaction. Conversely, the GC and HOPG surfaces are polar, with the exposed defect sites terminated by carbon−oxygen functionalities. 2,6-AQDS strongly physisorbs on both of these surfaces at near monolayer or greater coverages, such that the electrolysis proceeds through a surface-confined state. Less than 40% of the initial surface coverage can...
Patient- and cohort-specific dose and risk estimation for abdominopelvic CT: a study based on 100 patients

The purpose of this work was twofold: (a) to estimate patient- and cohort-specific radiation dose and cancer risk index for abdominopelvic computer tomography (CT) scans; (b) to evaluate the effects of patient anatomical characteristics (size, age, and gender) and CT scanner model on dose and risk conversion coefficients. The study included 100 patient models (42 pediatric models, 58 adult models) and multi-detector array CT scanners from two commercial manufacturers (LightSpeed VCT, GE Healthcare; SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens Healthcare). A previously-validated Monte Carlo program was used to simulate organ dose for each patient model and each scanner, from which DLP-normalized-effective dose (k factor) and DLP-normalized-risk index values (q factor) were derived. The k factor showed exponential decrease with increasing patient size. For a given gender, q factor showed exponential decrease with both increasing patient size and patient age. The discrepancies in k and q factors across scanners were on average 8% and 15%, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of estimating patient-specific organ dose and cohort-specific effective dose and risk index in abdominopelvic CT requiring only the knowledge of patient size, gender, and age.
The role of estrogen in migraine: a review and hypothesis

The epidemiological, clinical and basic science evidence for a role of estrogen in migraine is reviewed. The hypothesis is put forward that estrogen exerts its influence by modulating sympathetic control of the cerebral vasculature.
NOTES ON THE AXIOMATIC OF THE DESERT

AbstractThis essay examines the role of mysticism in the work of Francois Laruelle. Focusing on Laruelle's book Mystique nonphilosophique a l'usage des contemporains, mysticism is discussed through the motif of the desert – a motif found in Laruelle but also prevalent among a number of mystical authors, from the Desert Fathers to Meister Eckhart.
Comparing air dispersion model predictions with measured concentrations of VOCs in urban communities.

Air concentrations of nine volatile organic compounds were measured over 48-h periods at 23 locations in three communities in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area. Concentrations at the same times and locations were modelled using a standard regulatory air dispersion model (ISCST3). The goal of the study was to evaluate model performance by comparing predictions with measurements using linear regression and estimates of bias. The modelling, done with mobile and area source emissions resolved to the census tract level and characterized as model area sources, represents an improvement over large-scale air toxics modelling analyses done to date. Despite the resolved spatial scale, the model did not fully capture the spatial resolution in concentrations in an area with a sharp gradient in emissions. In a census tract with a major highway at one end of the tract (i.e., uneven distribution of emissions within the tract), model predictions at the opposite end of the tract overestimated measured concentrations. This shortcoming was seen for pollutants emitted mainly by mobile sources (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes). We suggest that major highways would be better characterized as line sources. The model also failed to fully capture the temporal variability in concentrations, which was expected since the emissions inventory comprised annual average values. Based on our evaluation metrics, model performance was best for pollutants emitted mainly from mobile sources and poorest for pollutants emitted mainly from area sources. Important sources of error appeared to be the source characterization (especially location) and emissions quantification. We expect that enhancements in the emissions inventory would give the greatest improvement in results. As anticipated for a Gaussian plume model, performance was dramatically better when compared to measurements that were not matched in space or time. Despite the limitations of our analysis, we found that the regulatory air dispersion model was generally able to predict space and time matched 48-h average ambient concentrations of VOC species within a factor of 2 on average, results that meet regulatory model acceptance criteria. (A)
HOW TO MATCH DIRECT OVERWRITE MAGNETO-OPTICAL DISKS WITH HIGH DENSITY RECORDING TECHNIQUES

When mark edge: recording with the technique of thermal interference uniforming (TIU) is applied to direct overwrite (DOW) magneto-optical (MO) disks, the disks should be matched with this recording technique. In other words, the laser power recording condition should satisfy both the TIU condition and the DOW condition simultaneously. In order to examine the disk and drive matching, we have measured the temperature dependence of the recording properties of DOW-MO disk, for instance the recording laser power. When mismatched, either the disk or the drive should be retuned. The disk thermal properties may be changed for retuning. In the drive the laser power of the writing waveform may be changed for retuning. As a result of efficient matching, we report that a DOW-MO disk is matched well with the drive using TIU.
Effects of growth hormone and nutritional status on cardiac glycogen in the rat.

THE maintenance or increase of muscle glycogen stores under the influence of the anterior pituitary gland, its extract (APE), or purified growth hormone has been observed by a number of investigators. In the course of more recent studies of this effect, Illingworth and Russell (1) showed that growth hormone increased the amount of glycogen in the gastrocnemius, heart and diaphragm of fasting normal rats, and restored to normal the glycogen levels in the corresponding tissues of fasting, hypophysectomized animals; of the three types of muscle studied for glycogen storage, the heart was found to be affected to the greatest extent by growth hormone. Russell and Bloom (2) noted the contrast between normal and ∧pophysectomized rats in the effect of fasting on cardiac glycogen, an increase occurring in the former and a decrease in the latter, and found also that administration of growth hormone to hypophysectomized rats during the fasting period permitted the occurrence of the normal increase in glycogen. Only ...
Compositionally graded mullite-based chemical vapor deposited coatings

Dense, crystalline mullite (3Al2O3ċ2SiO2) coatings have been deposited by chemical vapor deposition on Si-based substrates using the AlCl3–SiCl4–CO2–H2 system. A graded coating composition has been achieved in the coatings, with the Al/Si ratio being stoichiometric (∼3) at the coating/substrate interface, and increasing monotonically toward the outer coating surface. The highest reported Al-rich mullite has been deposited in the process. At high Al/Si ratios, the mullite structure breaks down and an aluminosilicate phase similar to the metastable δ* Al2O3 is nucleated. Experimental evidence is presented in this study that this phase has some Si-incorporation in it and has been called δ*(Si)Al2O3. Like the other known aluminosilicates, δ*(Si)Al2O3 converts to mullite on heating at elevated temperatures.
Celecoxib as Adjunctive Therapy for Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

OBJECTIVE:To describe the role of celecoxib as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited autosomal dominant predisposition syndrome for colorectal cancer.DATA SOURCES:Literature was evaluated through MEDLINE search (1995–March 2000) and through secondary sources, using the search terms celecoxib, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and familial adenomatous polyps.DATA SYNTHESIS:Observational studies have found a decreased rate of colorectal cancer in people who regularly took aspirin or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval in December 1999 for the NSAID celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, for adjunctive therapy in patients with FAP, based on a six-month, randomized, controlled clinical trial.CONCLUSIONS:Aspirin and other NSAIDs reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in the general population. Limited clinical studies in patients with FAP using nonaspirin NSAIDs ha...
The effect of selection on linear functions of normally distributed correlated variables on the distributions of other linear functions

A general method of studying the effect of selection on linear functions of variables with multinormal distributions on the distribution of other linear functions has been indicated. In order to show exactly what is involved an example is discussed in considerable detail. It is seen that for practical application much numerical calculation is involved which could be partially relieved by more adequate tables and possible adaption of electronic computers.
Effect of cationic polymer additives on the adsorption of humic acid onto iron oxide particles

Abstract Improving the removal of natural organic matter (e.g. humic acid) during drinking water treatment is important in order to minimize the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Although polymeric flocculants are often used to improve turbidity removal during the coagulation process, little information is available regarding the influence of these polymers on NOM removal. In this study, the adsorption of humic acid onto polymer-coated iron oxide particles was investigated as a way to improve humic acid removal during the coagulation process. Monodisperse iron oxide particles and well-characterized humic acid were used as a model system. The adsorption of humic acid onto bare iron oxide particles decreased as solution pH increased. When iron oxide particles were coated with a cationic polymer, adsorption doubled at high pH (∼9.5) and low salt concentration (0.001 M NaCl). The greater adsorption of humic acid on polymer-coated surfaces at high pH was largely due to changes in the electrostatic interactions between humic acid and the particle surface. Coating the iron oxide particles with cationic polymer resulted in the reversal of the negative particle surface charge, thus providing more favorable conditions for humic acid adsorption. Little change in humic acid adsorption was observed, however, for polymer-coated particles at near neutral pH values (∼6.8) or at high salt concentration. These data suggest that under certain conditions polymers may enhance humic acid adsorption onto iron oxide surfaces, a process which may improve DBP precursor removal during drinking water treatment.
Developing diverse professional leaders

Diversity issues pervade a world connected by electronic advances that have closed distances and made possible millisecond communication. In the USA, and throughout the world, the seeds of one of the major challenges for library and information science reside within these diversity issues. Even as demographic ballasts are shifting around the globe, our professional moorings remain static. Data on the student body of the American Library Association accredited master's programs in library and information science located in the USA illustrate insufficient gains to respond to the heightened diversity of the nation in the twenty‐first century. This paper sets out the development of a diverse professional workforce and diverse professional leaders within four streams of research and theory, which point the way to a model for the future. The first arises from a feminist perspective combined with the second, the historical conceptualization of leadership over time, which overlooks or obscures the contributions of minority populations. The third stream identifies factors impacting the recruitment of minority groups, taken together, are currently emerging as the majority in the USA. The fourth focuses on interdependence between educators and practitioners as a key to increasing diversity in educational programs and professional leadership. A model arising from the four streams is presented. The creation of a global program that advances interdependence and equity is outlined.