cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terminal notions in set theory

Abstract In mathematical practice certain formulas φ(x) are believed to essentially decide all other natural properties of the object x . The purpose of this paper is to exactly quantify such a belief for four formulas φ(x) , namely “ x is a Ramsey ultrafilter”, “ x is a free Souslin tree”, “ x is an extendible strong Lusin set” and “ x is a good diamond sequence”.
Comparative ESR study of three (BEDT-TTF): ReO4 salts: An organic superconductor, a peierls metal and a semiconductor

Abstract We present electron spin resonance results on three different conducting phases of the organic conductor based on the planar molecule BEDT-TTF ( bis (ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) and the anion ReO 4 in different stoichiometries. Both the paramagnetic susceptibility χ as well as the ESR-linewidth Δ H pp may be used to classify the magnetic behaviour in terms of known behaviour of other organic metals. They indicate that the 2:1 phase, which under pressure becomes superconducting, has an anion-ordering assisted metal-insulator transition near 80 K and that the 3:2 phase has a Peierls transition at 88 K, below which two ESR lines are resolved. A third phase, which includes solvent in the crystal lattice, shows no evidence of a transition.
Optical absorption and thermal transport of individual suspended carbon nanotube bundles.

A focused laser beam is used to heat individual single-walled carbon nanotube bundles bridging two suspended microthermometers. By measurement of the temperature rise of the two thermometers, the optical absorption of 7.4−10.3 nm diameter bundles is found to be between 0.03 and 0.44% of the incident photons in the 0.4 μm diameter laser spot. The thermal conductance of the bundle is obtained with the additional measurement of the temperature rise of the nanotubes in the laser spot from shifts in the Raman G band frequency. According to the nanotube bundle diameter determined by transmission electron microscopy, the thermal conductivity is obtained.
Electromechanical impedance modeling for structural health monitoring

Electromechanical impedance (EMI) method is an effective and powerful technique in structural health monitoring (SHM) which couples the mechanical impedance of host structure with the electrical impedance measured at the piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) transducer terminals. Due to the electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric materials, changes in structural mechanical impedance are reflected in the electrical impedance measured at the PWAS. Therefore, the structural mechanical resonances are reflected in a virtually identical spectrum of peaks and valleys in the real part of the measured EMI.Multi-physics based finite element method (MP-FEM) has been widely used for the analysis of piezoelectric materials and structures. It uses finite elements taking both electrical and mechanical DOF’s into consideration, which allows good differentiation of complicated structural geometries and damaged areas. In this paper, MP-FEM was then used to simulate PWAS EMI for the goal of SHM. EMI of free PWAS was first simulated and compared with experimental result. Then the constrained PWAS was studied. EMI of both metallic and glass fiber composite materials were simulated. The first case is the constrained PWAS on aluminum beam with various dimensions. The second case studies the sensitivity range of the EMI approach for damage detection on aluminum beam using a set of specimens with cracks at different locations. In the third case, structural damping effects were also studied in this paper.. Our results have also shown that the imaginary part of the impedance and admittance can be used for sensor self-diagnosis.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Multimodal approach for speaker identification in news programs

The process of identifying speakers in a news program is difficult using only text information. We propose a system that will first perform text and video processing separately to identify the start of speech of a speaker. These start of speech locations are aligned and used to identify a change of speaker in the program. An analysis is performed to identify the contribution of the text and video information. It will be be shown that the change of speaker locations identified by our alignment algorithm is more accurate then either mode individually.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aeronautikon! or, the journey of the balloon panorama

In the nineteenth century, numerous moving panoramas were displayed by touring showmen and theatres alike. An interesting sub‐genre of the theatrical moving panorama was the balloon panorama that was introduced in the 1820s in the context of the Christmas pantomime. By using a vertically moving roll panorama the audience was given the sensation of looking at scenery on the ground from above – an experience very few people could afford in real life. The most famous balloon panorama was the Aeronautikon! (1836) that was based on recent record‐breaking aerial flight by Charles Green and his company. This article analyses the aesthetics of the Aeronautikon by resorting to a variety of contemporary sources. It also compares the balloon panorama with contemporary accounts of balloon flights in an effort to understand its challenges to perception, and the strategies of the evolving media culture.
A Self-Actuating Traction-Drive Speed Reducer

Traction-drive speed reducers offer certain advantages over geared speed reducers. In particular, they generally run quieter than geared units and provide an opportunity for higher efficiency by eliminating sliding motion between contacting elements. In order to generate a sufficiently high output torque, some means must be provided to create a normal force between the rolling elements. This normal force, along with the friction coefficient, enables the device to transmit torque from one rolling member to the next. The speed reducer proposed here is designed so that the configuration of the rolling elements creates the needed normal force in response to the torque exerted back on the system by the downstream loading. Thus the device is self-actuating. Since the normal force is only present when needed, the rolling elements of the device can readily be disengaged, thus eliminating the need for a separate clutch in the drive system. This feature can be exploited to design a transmission with several distinct speed ratios that can be engaged and disengaged in response to changing speed requirements.
Effects of competition from introduced plants on establishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the rare plant Solidago shortii (Asteraceae)

Abstract Field and glasshouse studies investigated the effects of the introduced species Coronilla varia and Festuca arundinacea on establishment, survival, growth and reproduction of the federally-listed, endangered Solidago shortii (Asteraceae). All vegetation (mostly C. varia ) in plots with S. shortii was removed in May 1993, and the plots were kept free of vegetation (except S. shortii ) until September 1997 (treatment plots). Litter was removed from treatment plots each May 1993–1997. Neither vegetation nor litter was removed from control plots. Number of flowering and nonflowering ramets (stems) did not differ significantly between treatment and control plots in 1992 (year before vegetation removal). In treatment plots, number of flowering ramets of S. shortii increased significantly between 1992 and 1993 and then remained nearly constant from 1993 to 1996. In control plots, number of flowering ramets remained nearly constant from 1992 to 1996, and it was significantly lower than that in treatment plots from 1993 to 1996. Number of nonflowering ramets progressively increased in treatment plots from 1993 to 1996, while it remained nearly constant in control plots. Seedlings of S. shortii established only in treatment plots. Three percent of 1322 plants marked as seedlings in May 1994 were alive in September 1997, and about 0.4% of them had flowered by this date. At the end of four growing seasons, 36, 23, 18, 10 and 8% of the 39 surviving plants were in 3–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40 and 41–50 cm height classes, respectively; 5% of the plants were >50 cm tall. In a replacement series experiment, relative yield (RY) of S. shortii was significantly lower than the expected RY, whereas that of F. arundinacea was significantly higher than the expected RY. Relative yield total did not differ from one. The aggressivity value of S. shortii was significantly lower than that of F. arundinacea . Significantly fewer individuals of S. shortii flowered under inter- than under intraspecific competition. Thus, seedling establishment and vigor of S. shortii is highest in the absence of competitors, and future management practices will need to take this into account. ©
THE LOCALIZATION OF CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN RAT CARDIAC MUSCLE BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A method has been developed for localizing sites of cholinesterase activity in rat cardiac muscle by electron microscopy. The method utilizes thiocholine esters as substrates, and is believed to be dependent on the reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide by thiocholine released by enzymatic activity. The ferrocyanide thus formed is captured by copper to form fine, electron-opaque deposits of copper ferrocyanide, which sharply delineate sites of enzymatic activity at the ultrastructural level. Cholinesterase activity in formalin-fixed heart muscle was localized: (a) in longitudinal elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, but not in the T, or transverse, elements; and (b) in the A band, with virtually no activity noted in the M band, or in the H zone. The I band was also negative. No activity was detected in the sarcolemma, or in invaginations of the sarcolemma at the level of the Z band. The perinuclear element of the sarcoplasmic (endoplasmic) reticulum was frequently strongly positive. Activity at all sites was completely abolished by omitting the substrates, or by inhibition with eserine 10-4 M and diisopropylfluorophosphate 10-5 M. Eserine 10-5 M completely inhibited reaction in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and virtually abolished that in the A band. These observations, together with the use of the relatively specific substrates and suitable controls to eliminate non-enzymatic staining, indicate that cholinesterase activity was being demonstrated. The activity in rat heart against different substrates was that of non-specific cholinesterases, in accordance with biochemical data. The activity in the A band was considered to be probably due to myosincholinesterase. It is proposed that the localization of cholinesterases in myocardium at the ultrastructural level should be taken into account in considering the possible functions of these myocardial enzymes, and it is hoped that knowledge of their localization will open up new avenues of approach in considering their physiological role in myocardium, which at present is not definitely known.
The effect of AC system frequency spectrum on commutation failure in HVDC inverters

Previous studies have shown that many types of system disturbances will lead to commutation failure at HVDC inverter stations. The problem is further aggravated if the inverter is connected to a weak (low short-circuit ratio) AC system. The authors analyze the problem in terms of the frequency spectrum of the AC network and its relation to the transient disturbance which causes the failure. Methods are discussed for modifying the frequency spectrum in order to decrease the probability of commutation failure. A sample simulation study was performed to illustrate the effectiveness of one particular type of filter. Results indicate that in some cases the probability of failure can be reduced dramatically. >
The quantitative determination of boron in glasses used as encapsulants for electronic devices

Abstract N-Methylthione (Azure C) reacts with BF 4 - to form a colored complex in a 0.5 N sulfuric acid medium. This colored complex is extractable with dichloroethane or a mixture of dichloroethane-dichloropropane, with a maximum absorbance at 660 mμ. Since it is necessary to dissolve the borosilicate glass with HF, the presence of fluoride creates a problem when attempting to utilize other spectrophotometric methods for boron, e.g., hydoxyanthraquione and anthraquinonylamine reagents. In the proposed method, fluoride is necessary because Azure C reacts only with the BF 4 - complex; this makes the method very selective for the determination of boron in the presence of fluoride without prior separation. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of boron in glasses used as encapsulants.
KINETICS OF COMPETITIVE BINDING WITH APPLICATION TO THROMBIN COMPLEXES

The kinetics of competitive binding is treated analytically, allowing the rate constants to be determined accurately from simple experiments. The method is especially suited to situations where traditional approximations and numerical integration fail, e.g., when the dissociation constants are small or when the concentration of one receptor cannot be measured accurately. The method is applied to the competitive binding of hirudin to thrombin and anhydrothrombin and found to be accurate to a few parts in ten million. The fitted rate constants show that anhydrothrombin binds hirudin more weakly than thrombin, with a 2.6-fold increase in its dissociation constant. The small relative difference in binding free energy (0.6 kcal/mol indicates that anhydrothrombin is structurally similar to thrombin.
Genetic Analysis of the Morphological Differences between Maize and Teosinte

Molecular marker loci were used to investigate the inheritance of morphological traits that distinguish maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) from a closely related wild relative, teosinte (Z. mays ssp. mexicana). Regression and interval mapping analyses gave largely congruent results concerning the numbers of loci controlling the morphological traits and the magnitudes of their effects; however, interval mapping tended to give larger estimates for the magnitudes of the effects of the morphological trait loci. This tendency was exaggerated for traits that were non-normally distributed. Variation for most inflorescence traits is controlled by one or two regions of the genome with large effects plus several other regions with relatively small effects. As such, the data are congruent with a mode of inheritance for most traits involving one or two major loci plus several minor loci. Regions of the genome with large effects on one trait consistently had smaller effects on several other traits, possibly as a result of pleiotropy. Most of the variation for the dramatic differences in inflorescence morphology between maize and teosinte is explained by five restricted regions of the genome. One of these regions encompasses a previously described gene, tb1 (teosinte branched), and the effects of this region on inflorescence architecture are similar to the known effects of tb1. Implications of this work for the genetic basis of morphological evolution in plants are discussed.
MLO spreading codes for CDMA systems using DCT/DST

We propose the use of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST), as well as their inverses, for spreading in multi-carrier (MC) code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The DCT matrix works as a multi-level orthogonal (MLO) spreading code set. More generally, the DCT can be used in any spread spectrum system including single-carrier CDMA systems, MC-CDMA and MC direct sequence (DS) CDMA. The use of the DCT in MC-CDMA is shown to yield better system performance than traditional binary spreading codes.
Throughput analysis of the IEEE 802.4 priority scheme

The IEEE 802.4 token bus standard defines an optional priority scheme to handle multiple classes of data. It allocates the channel bandwidth among different priority classes of messages by a set of timers at each station. An analytical model for the priority scheme is presented. The model relates the throughput of each priority class of messages to the traffic intensities of different classes, the target rotation times, and the high-priority token holding time. The network is assumed to be symmetric with respect to its parameters and the traffic distribution among nodes. Simulation results are used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The model provides means of evaluating the network throughput and can be used to determine the time values to meet the throughput requirements of different classes of traffic. >
Effects of estrogen and progesterone on luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats.

Plasma LH was measured by radioimmunoassay in blood withdrawn through indwelling atrial cannulas in long-term ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Subcutaneous injection of 50 μg of estradiol benzoate (EB) in oil at 1100 h (day 0) caused an LH surge in plasma during the afternoon on days 2–6 in the majority of the rats. The pattern of the surge on day 2 was similar to that measured in 4-day cyclic rats. However, the time of onset and the magnitude of the surge was more variable than that in 4-day cyclic rats. Subcutaneous administration of 25 mg of progesterone (P) in oil at 1100 h in rats treated with EB 2 days previously did not advance the time of onset of the LH surge that day, but injection of P at 1100 h in proestrous rats did advance the spontaneous LH surge. In contrast, injection of EB and P on day 0 in additional OVX rats caused an LH surge of reduced magnitude during the afternoon of day 1. Thus, P can advance the LH surge by 24 h in EBtreated OVX rats as well as in cyclic rats. Administration of pentoba...
Physical Activity Transitions and Chronic Disease

The 20th century in the United States has experienced a dramatic increase in life expectancy among adult men and women, an increase unprecedented in the history of this country. As a result, the pattern of disease and conditions most responsible for death in the United States shifted during the past century from infectious diseases and unintentional injuries to the current array of the leading causes of mortality dominated by the chronic diseases. During this same period, daily lifestyle dramatically shifted from a life full of active living to one of inactivity. The argument has been made that in the case of human beings, there has been little or no change in our genotype within the past 50 years. However, there have been major changes documented in the living environment among economically developed societies during this same time period. Through the collection of epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental findings, evidence suggests that physical inactivity is associated with the onset of chronic diseas...
Cavman, wonder woman, or too drunk to tell: An evaluation of the effectiveness of a Halloween social norms marketing campaign

Social norms marketing is an intervention designed to reduce unhealthy behaviors by correcting misperceptions. At celebratory drinking events, a greater percentage of students consume alcohol at a higher than normal level. A campaign focused on minimizing hazardous drinking behaviors, negative consequences and increasing protective behaviors of students on a specific celebratory drinking event, Halloween. Three hundred and fifty undergraduates at a university responded to a survey designed to evaluate the marketing campaign as well as to characterize student drinking behavior and associated negative consequences. The survey also collected perception data to inform the development of social norms marketing messages. On average students who drank on Halloween reported consuming 6.3 drinks, approximately 1.4 drinks more than they reported drinking on a typical weekend night. On Halloween, males, Greeks, and underclassmen drank more than females, non-Greeks, and upperclassmen, respectively. While students did not overestimate the percentage of students who drank, they did overestimate the percentage of students who got drunk. Only 35.7% of students self-reported getting drunk and students estimated that 44.8% got drunk. If other gaps are identified regarding healthy behaviors, they could be promoted through a social norms marketing campaign. While the campaign's analysis was limited due to small sample sizes and unrepresentative sub-populations, it is still possible to obtain relevant results in future campaigns by continuing the study for multiple years, increasing campaign exposure and increasing survey responses.
Autonomous rescue robot swarms for first responders

The first 24 hours after a natural or man-made disaster are the most critical for the survival of victims. Unfortunately, this is also the time period when the fewest resources are available to rescuers. This paper describes the potential for using swarms of autonomous mobile robots to help the first responders to a disaster site focus their search for victims on those areas with the highest probability of finding survivors. Specifically, the paper starts with an overview of the current state-of-the-art in rescue robots, both autonomous and teleoperated; proposes a scenario for deploying autonomous resale robot swarms at a disaster site; summarizes work that has been done at Utah State University in developing autonomous rescue robot swarms; identifies some challenges for moving these rescue swarms out of artificial environments, like the RoboCup competition, into the real world; and, finally, makes some suggestions for future research in this area
PI(3,5)P2 controls endosomal branched actin dynamics by regulating cortactin–actin interactions

Branched actin critically contributes to membrane trafficking by regulating membrane curvature, dynamics, fission, and transport. However, how actin dynamics are controlled at membranes is poorly understood. Here, we identify the branched actin regulator cortactin as a direct binding partner of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) and demonstrate that their interaction promotes turnover of late endosomal actin. In vitro biochemical studies indicated that cortactin binds PI(3,5)P2 via its actin filament-binding region. Furthermore, PI(3,5)P2 competed with actin filaments for binding to cortactin, thereby antagonizing cortactin activity. These findings suggest that PI(3,5)P2 formation on endosomes may remove cortactin from endosome-associated branched actin. Indeed, inhibition of PI(3,5)P2 production led to cortactin accumulation and actin stabilization on Rab7(+) endosomes. Conversely, inhibition of Arp2/3 complex activity greatly reduced cortactin localization to late endosomes. Knockdown of cortactin reversed PI(3,5)P2-inhibitor-induced actin accumulation and stabilization on endosomes. These data suggest a model in which PI(3,5)P2 binding removes cortactin from late endosomal branched actin networks and thereby promotes net actin turnover.
Forty-eight-month periodontal attachment loss incidence in a population-based cohort study: role of baseline status, incident tooth loss, and specific behavioral factors.

Background: The objectives of this study were to: 1) test hypotheses that behavioral factors, baseline clinical status, and incident tooth loss are significantly associated with attachment loss incidence (ALI) and 2) quantify the effect of incident tooth loss on conclusions made about ALI. Methods: The Florida Dental Care Study was a prospective study of persons ≥45 years old. In-person interviews and examinations were conducted at baseline and 48 months, with telephone interviews in between. Results: Of 560 persons with baseline and 48-month examinations, 22% of persons and 1.8% of teeth had ALI. This was highest among persons with no dental visit during follow-up (person-level incidence of 46%; 5.0% tooth-level incidence). Statistically significant covariates in a multivariable regression of ALI were: losing a tooth due to periodontal reasons after baseline, but before the 48-month examination; not receiving a dental cleaning; and baseline factors (worst attachment level of ≥7 mm, not flossing, a molar tooth, current smoker). Conclusions: A substantial percentage of persons experienced ALI. Baseline attachment level and behavioral factors were significantly associated with ALI. Persons with incident tooth loss were also at increased risk for ALI, and teeth lost during follow-up had worse baseline attachment level. Had these teeth not been lost before the final examination, the ALI estimate could only have been higher. These findings demonstrate that those at greatest risk for ALI are least likely to enter the dental care system, and among those who do, one health outcome (tooth loss) can affect conclusions made about the incidence of another (ALI). J Periodontol 2005;76:1161-1170.
Demonstration of a Digital CMOS Driver Codesigned and Integrated With a Broadband Silicon Photonic Switch

A custom 90-nm bulk digital CMOS switch driver is codesigned and integrated with a silicon photonic switch. A photonic device model is created within the electronic design environment, facilitating driver optimization and performance evaluation prior to fabrication. The fabricated drivers implemented in two variations produce transition times as low as 50 ps and generate open eye diagrams using supply voltages ranging from 0.8 to 5 V. The driver is hybrid integrated with a broadband low-power silicon photonic 2 × 2 switch, based on a modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The switch has demonstrated operation over 100 nm of spectral bandwidth with less than -17-dB crosstalk, greater than 25 °C tolerance to temperature variations, and compatibility with 1-V driving signals. The integration demonstrates the interoperability of the switch and driver, which together achieve transition times below 4 ns and average power consumption of 2 mW. Finally, throughput bandwidth of 160 Gb/s is demonstrated for all switch configurations via eye diagrams and bit error rate curves.
Understanding Unique Effects of Parental Incarceration on Children: Challenges, Progress, and Recommendations

Growth in U.S. incarceration rates during the 1980s and 1990s prompted a body of research focused on understanding the diverse effects of incarceration on individuals, families, and communities. An area of particular interest has been how the incarceration of a parent may affect child well-being. Despite what appears to be converging evidence that parental incarceration poses a significant threat to child development, this area of inquiry has yet to overcome important methodological and conceptual challenges related to selection bias. It is therefore unclear whether the difficulties that have been observed among children whose parents are incarcerated are due to the incarceration itself or to other adversities that children have experienced. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to these issues, to summarize empirical and conceptual progress in overcoming these challenges, and to suggest directions for future research.
The eto1, eto2, and eto3 Mutations and Cytokinin Treatment Increase Ethylene Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by Increasing the Stability of ACS Protein

The Arabidopsis ethylene-overproducing mutants eto1, eto2, and eto3 have been suggested to affect the post-transcriptional regulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS). Here, we present the positional cloning of the gene corresponding to the dominant eto3 mutation and show that the eto3 phenotype is the result of a missense mutation within the C-terminal domain of ACS9, which encodes one isoform of the Arabidopsis ACS gene family. This mutation is analogous to the dominant eto2 mutation that affects the C-terminal domain of the highly similar ACS5. Analysis of purified recombinant ACS5 and epitope-tagged ACS5 in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that eto2 does not increase the specific activity of the enzyme either in vitro or in vivo; rather, it increases the half-life of the protein. In a similar manner, cytokinin treatment increased the stability of ACS5 by a mechanism that is at least partially independent of the eto2 mutation. The eto1 mutation was found to act by increasing the function of ACS5 by stabilizing this protein. These results suggest that an important mechanism by which ethylene biosynthesis is controlled is the regulation of the stability of ACS, mediated at least in part through the C-terminal domain.
Use of parent-child tents in pediatric laser surgery.

Background Pediatric pulse dye laser surgery is a low-risk, minimally painful procedure that provides unique challenges to the laser operator. In some centers, all of these procedures are performed under sedation or general anesthesia, which poses a greater risk than the procedure itself. Topical anesthesia has proven to ease the pain associated with these procedures, but anxiety resulting from protective eye wear still poses a major problem in young children. Objective To ease the anxiety of children undergoing brief laser procedures below the head and neck without sedation or general anesthesia by allowing interaction between parents and the patient during the procedure. Methods A standard hospital-issue 142 thread, 75% cotton/25% polyester sheet is doubled and clamped above the head of the treatment table. Forming a tent, it is draped over the patient's head and neck area while also covering the parent who is positioned beside the child. All patients also use topical anesthesia 1 to 2 hours before the procedure. Results The parent–child tent has been used in selected pediatric laser surgery patients at our institution over the past 7 years with great success and without any complications. Conclusions For brief laser procedures below the head and neck areas, the parent–child tent, which can be made from readily available materials, reduces the stress to both patient and parent and may obviate the need for further sedation or anesthesia.
Effects of nurse home-visiting on maternal life course and child development: age 6 follow-up results of a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test, with an urban, primarily black sample, the effects of prenatal and infancy home visits by nurses on mothers' fertility and economic self-sufficiency and the academic and behavioral adjustment of their children as the children finished kindergarten, near their sixth birthday. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of a program of prenatal and infancy home-visiting in a public system of obstetric and pediatric care in Memphis, Tennessee. A total of 743 primarily black women at or =2 sociodemographic risk characteristics (unmarried, Language: en
Differential effect of sepsis on ability of leucine and IGF-I to stimulate muscle translation initiation

Polymicrobial sepsis impairs skeletal muscle protein synthesis, which results from impairment in translation initiation under basal conditions. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypo...
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: an uncommon confounding oral mucosal overlap.

REFERENCES 1. Husain Z, Reddy BY, Schwartz RA. DRESS syndrome, part I: clinical perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68: 693e1-14. 2. Husain Z, Reddy BY, Schwartz RA. DRESS syndrome, part II: management and therapeutics. J Am Acad Dermatol 2013;68: 709.e1-9. 3. Bouvresse S, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Ortonne N, Konstantinou MP, Kardaun SH, Bagot M, et al. Toxic epidermal necrolysis, DRESS, AGEP: do overlap cases exist? Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012;7:72.
A call to arms for task parallelism in multi-scale materials modeling†

Simulations based on multi-scale material models enabled by adaptive sampling have demonstrated speedup factors exceeding an order of magnitude. The use of these methods in parallel computing is hampered by dynamic load imbalance, with load imbalance measurably reducing the achieved speedup. Here we discuss these issues in the context of task parallelism, showing results achieved to date and discussing possibilities for further improvement. In some cases, the task parallelism methods employed to date are able to restore much of the potential wall-clock speedup. The specific application highlighted here focuses on the connection between microstructure and material performance using a polycrystal plasticity-based multi-scale method. However, the parallel load balancing issues are germane to a broad class of multi-scale problems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of alkalic basalt by crystal fractionation of tholeiitic magma

Contemporaneous alkalic and tholeiitic basalts from Cerro Azul volcano, in the Galapagos archipelago, are related by fractional crystallization in the lower crust and upper mantle. The higher pressures enhance augite crystallization, which depletes the residual liquids in silica while enriching them in K and Na, just as predicted by phase-equilibria experiments. Such occurrences have also been reported from other ocean islands. The common aspect of these alkalic suites is that they occur at volcanoes that have relatively low magma-supply rates, which leads to the development of deep magma bodies and the production of alkali-olivine basalts by fractional crystallization of a tholeiitic parent. During more robust phases of magmatism, tholeiitic magmas ascend into the upper crust and produce a low-pressure tholeiitic differentiation trend.
Collectives, communes and incentives.

Abstract A model of individual-worker incentives in alternative economic organizations—collective, communal, capitalist—is developed. It is demonstrated that, ceteris paribus, incentives are much higher in collectives than in communes, and are likely higher in collectives than in comparable capitalist organizations. The effect on incentives of changes in prices, rent, and organization size is examined, and it is shown that individual incentives in a collective increase with the scale of the organization. The impact of various parameters on hours worked is examined in the framework of utility maximization. The results are compared to those of Domar, Ward, and Vanek.
Measuring the magnitude of internal motion in a complex hexasaccharide

For the development of a scheme for quantitative experimental estimation of internal motion in the complex human milk hexasaccharide lacto-N-di-fuco hexose I (LNDFH I), we measured a large number of experimental residual dipolar couplings in liquid crystal orienting media. We present a total of 40 13C1H and 1H1H dipolar coupling values, each representing distinct directions of internuclear vectors. The NMR data were interpreted with established methods for analysis of rigid subdomains of the oligosaccharide as well as a novel method in which dipolar couplings were calculated over an ensemble of conformers from a solvent Molecular Dynamics trajectory using multiple linear regression analysis. The Lewisb epitope region of LNDFH I assumed a single unique conformation with internal motion described by fluctuations of 5–10° in glycosidic dihedral angles consistent with previous studies. Greater flexibility was observed for the remaining GlcNAc13-β-D-Gal and β-D-Gal14Glc linkages, with the former glycosidic linkage existing in a conformational exchange among three states. The results were also supported by similar results of calculations carried out with conformers obtained from a simple Monte Carlo simulation without explicit solvent. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 95: 39–50, 2011.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Contributes to Sex Differences in the Development of Obesity Hypertension in C57bl/6 Mice

Objectives— Obesity promotes hypertension, but it is unclear if sex differences exist in obesity-related hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) converts angiotensin II (AngII) to angiotensin-(1–7) (Ang-[1–7]), controlling peptide balance. We hypothesized that tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 by high-fat (HF) feeding and sex hormones contributes to sex differences in obesity-hypertension. Methods and Results— HF-fed females gained more body weight and fat mass than males. HF-fed males exhibiting reduced kidney ACE2 activity had increased plasma angiotensin II levels and decreased plasma Ang-(1–7) levels. In contrast, HF-fed females exhibiting elevated adipose ACE2 activity had increased plasma Ang-(1–7) levels. HF-fed males had elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure that were abolished by losartan. In contrast, HF-fed females did not exhibit increased systolic blood pressure until females were administered the Ang-(1–7) receptor antagonist, D-Ala-Ang-(1–7). Deficiency of ACE2 increased systolic blood pressure in HF-fed males and females, which was abolished by losartan. Ovariectomy of HF-fed female mice reduced adipose ACE2 activity and plasma Ang-(1–7) levels, and promoted obesity-hypertension. Finally, estrogen, but not other sex hormones, increased adipocyte ACE2 mRNA abundance. Conclusions— These results demonstrate that tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 by diet and sex hormones contributes to sex differences in obesity-hypertension.
Training tree transducers

Many probabilistic models for natural language are now written in terms of hierarchical tree structure. Tree-based modeling still lacks many of the standard tools taken for granted in (finite-state) string-based modeling. The theory of tree transducer automata provides a possible framework to draw on, as it has been worked out in an extensive literature. We motivate the use of tree transducers for natural language and address the training problem for probabilistic tree-to-tree and tree-to-string transducers.
Imaging Epileptic Seizures Using fMRI

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had an extraordinary impact on the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. Contemporary high-field strength MRI enables detailed in vivo imaging of lesions that underlie symptomatic epilepsies, for example, hippocampal sclerosis or malformations of cortical development. This routine use of high-field MRI in clinical epilepsy has also contributed to the increasing interest in the potential use of functional MRI (fMRI) to image the abnormal brain function that underlies epilepsy. Here, we give a brief overview of epilepsy, the current state of fMRI for the difficult problem of imaging epileptic seizures, and introduce the topic of neurovascular coupling in the epileptic brain and the constraints this imposes on fMRI interpretation.
Optimal Image Interpolation and Optical Flow

Image interpolation is the process of generating a set of intermediate images between two given images. The technique is important for a number of key problems including optical flow, image compression, image coding, and visual tracking. Numerous techniques have been proposed. In this paper, we will consider a method based on optimal transport.
Nitric Oxide and Cerebrovascular Regulation

Nitric oxide (NO), a ubiquitous molecule in mammalian tissues, or a related nitroso-compound is generally accepted as the endothelium-dependent relaxing factor (Palmer et al., 1987, 1988). In the brain, NO has been proposed as a mediator of cerebral blood flow regulation, hypercapnic hyperemia, flow-metabolism coupling and of various pathological processes including cerebral ischemia (Snyder, 1993; Pelligrino, 1993; Iadecola et al., 1994). NO is synthesized from the guanidino nitrogen of L-arginine and molecular oxygen (Knowles et al., 1989; Nathan, 1992). The reaction requires NADPH and produces citrulline and NO following a five electron-oxidation of L-arginine. Flavins, tetrahydrobiopterin are additional cofactors. At least three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been identified: constitutive neuronal and endothelial isoforms and an inducible isoform originally isolated from macrophages (Marietta, 1993). The constitutive isoforms are calcium/calmodulin dependent. The inducible isoform is calcium-insensitive and is stimulated by endotoxins and cytokines, a process that leads to a slower but longer lasting NO increase compared to calcium-dependent NO synthesis. In the brain, constitutive NOS exists in neurons (Bredt et al., 1990), astrocytes (very low levels of expression, Murphy et al., 1993), perivascular nerves and cerebrovascular endothelium (Nozaki et al., 1993) and, the inducible form in astrocytes and microglia (Murphy et al., 1993), vascular smooth muscle (Knowles et al., 1990) and endothelial cells (Gross et al., 1991).
[(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(η6-arene)]+ and [(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(CH3CN)3]+ Compounds Possessing Pendant Arms

[(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(η6-arene)]+, [(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(CH3CN)3]+ (R = OH, OR, and NR1R2), and related compounds possessing pendant arms are synthesized by the attack of water, alcohol, alkoxide, or amine nucleophiles on the methylenic carbon atoms of the readily available tetramethylfulvene complex [(η6-C5Me4CH2)RuIICl(µ-Cl)]2 (1) or its simple acetonitrile derivative, [(η6-C5Me4CH2)RuII(CH3CN)Cl2] (1a). The [(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(η6-arene)]+ compounds can generally be quantitatively converted back into [(η5-C5Me4CH2R)Ru(CH3CN)3]+ species by UV photolysis in CH3CN.
Defining Diversity in Quality Care

The release of the Institute of Medicine reports, To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, shocked the public and health professions into developing systematic approaches to quality measurement and improvement. In the past decade and a half, health care in the USA has made significant progress toward the Institute’s vision of safe, effective, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable care for all, referred to as the “six aims of quality care.” On national and global levels, health professionals are working to develop systems of care that treat all patients effectively and compassionately regardless of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, language, nationality, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, geography, abilities, age, personality, learning styles, and life experience. Nonetheless, health disparities persist. There is global recognition that efforts to achieve health equity are key elements for improving health care quality worldwide. A growing body of research shows that a diverse workforce is more capable of relating to patients, detecting and addressing health disparities, and overcoming the challenges that face health care today.
235 INPATIENT MANAGEMENT OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE PATIENTS BY HOSPITALISTS VERSUS NONHOSPITALISTS

Background This study is designed to evaluate management, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rates (RRs) of patients cared for by a hospitalist, generalist, or cardiologist with congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods Patients discharged with a primary diagnosis of CHF between 4/1/02 and 3/31/03 were identified for possible enrollment. A chart review was performed assessing: 1. Management. 2. LOS. 3. RRs. 211 patient admissions were reviewed. Fisher9s exact testing was used for statistical analysis. Results Patients9 age and sex were evenly dispersed. Class III or IV CHF was seen in 48% of patients cared for by cardiologists, 35% by generalists, and 21.5% by hospitalists. Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was assessed 61% of the time by hospitalists, 43% by generalists, and 70% by cardiologists. With a cardiology consultation (CC), hospitalists increased to 91% and generalists to 85% (p = .122). LOS equaled 4.6 days for hospitalists, 4.8 days for generalists, and 4.3 days for cardiologists. CCs increased the hospitalist patient LOS to 5.1 days and generalists to 7.5 days (p = .041). ACE inhibitors/ARBs were prescribed by hospitalists 71% of the time, by generalists 48%, and by cardiologists 41%. CCs decreased the hospitalist rate to 69% and increased the generalists to 64% (p = .025). Diuretics were provided by hospitalists at a rate of 97%, by generalists 65%, and by cardiologists 100%. CCs increased hospitalists to 94% and generalists to 84%. Beta-blockers were written for 52% of hospitalist patients, 44% of generalist patients, and 60% of cardiologist patients. CCs increased these rates to 66% of hospitalist patients and 60% of generalist patients (p = .558). Digoxin was prescribed to 29% of hospitalist patients, 22% of generalist patients, and to 56% of cardiology patients. CCs kept the number at 29% for hospitalists and increased generalists to 33% (p = .010). RRs within a year were 39% for hospitalist patients, 44% for generalist patients, and 33% for cardiologist patients. CCs decreased these rates to 26% for hospitalist patients and 29% for generalist patients (p = .074). Conclusions Cardiologists cared for patients with more severe heart failure. Cardiologists were more likely to assess EF. CCs added one-half day LOS to hospitalist patients and almost two days LOS to generalist patients. Hospitalists were more likely to use ACE inhibitors/ARBs. Cardiologists used ACE inhibitors significantly less. RRs were similar amongst the doctors. Adding a CC during the hospitalization led to a lower chance of readmission within a year.
Highyielding techniques of Pearl guara (Psidium guajara) with two short-lopped treatments per year

The commodity rate and single fruit weight in Pearl grara (Psidium guajara ) could reach 80%and over 200g of single-fruit-weight, respectively with two time of short-lopping per year to control root nematode and to cover the fruits by packet during their growth.
Index of Modern Authors

This index presents a list of author names that are mentioned in the book Philo's Scriptures: Citations from the Prophets and Writings: Evidence for a Haftarah Cycle in Second Temple Judaism. The book assumes Philo's Jewish frame of reference as a given, and proceeds with its specific research agenda, that of studying the citations from the Prophets and Writings. The question posed is not, "How Jewish is Philo?" but rather, How can we understand Philo's writings, given his Jewishness as a self-evident axiomatic assumption?Keywords: Philo's scriptures; Second Temple Judaism
The Impact of Stress at Different Life Stages on Physical Health and the Buffering Effects of Maternal Sensitivity.

Objective Many studies indicate that early life stress leads to negative health outcomes in adulthood, and some suggest that high-quality parenting might buffer these effects. Most prior research, however, has relied on cross-sectional retrospective reports of stress and parenting. Our study tests how coder-rated stress and parenting quality assessed at different life stages predict adult health outcomes in a prospective, longitudinal study. Method Participants were 163 individuals in the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation studied since birth. Physical health was assessed at age 32 with body mass index, self-reports of symptoms and illnesses experienced, and self-ratings of overall physical health. Stress was assessed by coder-rated interviews involving participants or their mothers at 16 time points partitioned into 5 life stages: early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and at age 32 (when health was assessed). Parenting quality was measured by coder ratings of each mother's provision of sensitive, responsive support at 7 time points between birth and age 13. Results Early childhood, adolescent, and concurrent stress predicted adult health outcomes at age 32. Early childhood and adolescent stress, and adolescent and concurrent stress, both showed a "dual-risk" pattern, such that experiencing higher stress at both of these life stages predicted the worst health outcomes. Higher maternal sensitivity, however, buffered these deleterious effects. Conclusion Our prospective data reveal that early childhood and adolescence are important developmental periods during which stress is influential for adult physical health. However, parenting interventions that promote greater sensitivity may help children in high-stress environments avoid negative adult health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record