cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of subduction accretion along the central Aleutian Trench

We have used migrated 24-fold seismic records to study mechanisms of subduction accretion along the central Aleutian Trench. Two major structural units underlie the landward trench slope and are separated by an acoustically defined decollement surface that can be traced at least 20 km landward of the trench axis. The upper unit consists of three to four structural blocks of deformed trench fill. Each block possesses a consistent internal structure and is bound by major landward-dipping thrust faults. The structures within the blocks include monoclinal sequences, antiforms, synforms, and faulted folds. Beneath the decollement, nearly undeformed trench fill ∼ 1 km thick is being under-thrust along with the underlying oceanic lithosphere. This basal section is an intervening unit between the offscraped sediment and the rough igneous oceanic basement and may prevent the oceanic crust from being incorporated into the subduction complex, at least within 20 km of the front of the subduction zone. Owing to bending stresses, the oceanic crust fails along normal faults beneath, and at least 15 km landward of, the trench axis. These normal faults, although poorly constrained, are believed to propagate upwards, producing offsets within both the subducting and the accreting sediment. In addition, normal faulting enhances the irregular surface of the oceanic crust. Structural associations imaged on all of the seismic reflection profiles— although possibly fortuitous—suggest that the subduction of these irregular basement highs results in the temporary displacement of the overlying fault-bound sediment packets and promotes the development of the structures found within the accretionary prism. Tectonic riffling of the accreted sediment by the passage of the basement relief may also provide a mechanism by which underthrusting sediments are decoupled from the subducting lithosphere and underplated to the base of the Aleutian accretionary complex.
The riegle-neal act and local banking market concentration

The Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 greatly transformed the American banking system by allowing the widespread establishment of interstate bank branching networks. This paper examines possible effects on local banking market concentration that resulted from the provision in the Riegle-Neal Act that allowed states to opt-in to the establishment of de novo interstate branches. Regression analysis using data from more than seven hundred cities does not provide any evidence that allowing the establishment of de novo interstate branches caused increases in local banking market concentration. These results may help alleviate some concerns that passage of the Financial Services Regulatory Relief Act currently pending in Congress will result in lessened competition in local banking markets.
Uniqueness of the Infinite Component for Percolation on a Hierarchical Lattice

We study a long-range percolation in the hierarchical lattice Ω𝑁 of order 𝑁 where probability of connection between two nodes separated by distance 𝑘 is of the form min{𝛼𝛽−𝑘,1}, 𝛼≥0 and 𝛽>0. We show the uniqueness of the infinite component for this model.
Communication with Chaotic Lasers

Recent experiments with chaotic electronic circuits have shown the possibility of communication with chaos. The experimental demonstration of chaotic communication with an optical system is described. An erbium-doped fiber ring laser (EDFRL) was used to produce chaotic light with a wavelength of 1.53 micrometers. A small 10-megahertz message was embedded in the larger chaotic carrier and transmitted to a receiver system where the message was recovered from the chaos. Chaotic optical waveforms can thus be used to communicate masked information at high bandwidths.
The Homeodomain Protein Barx2 Promotes Myogenic Differentiation and Is Regulated by Myogenic Regulatory Factors

The homeobox protein Barx2 is expressed in both smooth and skeletal muscle and is up-regulated during differentiation of skeletal myotubes. Here we use antisense-oligonucleotide inhibition of Barx2 expression in limb bud cell culture to show that Barx2 is required for myotube formation. Moreover, overexpression of Barx2 accelerates the fusion of MyoD-positive limb bud cells and C2C12 myoblasts. However, overexpression of Barx2 does not induce ectopic MyoD expression in either limb bud cultures or in multipotent C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal cells, and does not induce fusion of C3H10T1/2 cells. These results suggest that Barx2 acts downstream of MyoD. To test this hypothesis, we isolated the Barx2 gene promoter and identified DNA regulatory elements that might control Barx2expression during myogenesis. The proximal promoter of theBarx2 gene contained binding sites for several factors involved in myoblast differentiation including MyoD, myogenin, serum response factor, and myocyte enhancer factor 2. Co-transfection experiments showed that binding sites for both MyoD and serum response factor are necessary for activation of the promoter by MyoD and myogenin. Taken together, these studies indicate that Barx2 is a key regulator of myogenic differentiation that acts downstream of muscle regulatory factors.
The effect of acute hypocapnia on local cerebral blood flow during middle cerebral artery occlusion in isoflurane anesthetized rats.

Background: Because the effect of hypocapnia on distribution of cerebral blood flow during focal cerebral ischemia is controversial, this investigation was performed in rats to determine whether hypocapnia, instituted immediately after the onset of focal cerebral ischemia, produces a favorable redistribution of blood flow (an «inverse steal») toward the ischemic territory. Methods: After surgical preparation during normocapnic isoflurane anesthesia, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MGAO) was performed
The Role Knowledge Frameworks Play in the Ability of Preservice Elementary Teachers to Explain the Operation of a St. Louis Motor

Preservice elementary teachers (n= 30) described the operation of a St. Louis motor before and after studying a laboratory unit on magnetism and electricity. Knowledge frameworks were identified using the flow map method, and the data were further analyzed for quality of the content. The results show that knowledge framework interconnectedness of the post-unit interview was positively correlated (r= 0.36, p < 0.10) with higher quality descriptions of the St. Louis motor. This article describes an in-depth analysis of the lowest and highest performing students and compares their performance to the mean of the larger sample. The research provides insights into the roles that knowledge frameworks play in students' ability to explain abstract scientific phenomena.
Successful implementation of advanced manufacturing technology: a cross sectional survey

The purposes of this study are to determine (1) the frequency of use of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in south-western United States manufacturing firms, (2) which AMTs have the greatest perceived impact on value, and (3) which have been most successfully employed. The study population consisted of senior manufacturing managers of companies in SIC 34 through 39 located in six south-western states. The study determined that the most frequently used AMT was computer-aided design (CAD), used by 75% of the respondents. Manufacturing resource planning (MRP), computer numerically controlled (CNC) machining, statistical process control (SPC), and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) were used by at least one-third of the respondents. Automated process monitoring and automated material handling were the least used AMTs. Those AMTs perceived to have the greatest positive effect on producer's value are CNC machining, closed loop process control, automated process inspection, flexible manufacturing cells (FMC), robotics, computer-aided manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing (CIM), and automated process monitoring. The AMTs could be classified into four categories based upon their effect on the two dimensions of value quality and cost. These categories were high value affecting, quality affecting, cost affecting, and low value affecting. Four of the high value affecting AMTs were among those rated as having the highest overall degree of success. However, the study found that dissonance exists between the AMTs which are most used and those which are perceived to have the greatest effect on value.
Marginalization of Vocational Psychology

Abstract I identify strengths and weaknesses of vocational psychology and opportunities confronting vocational psychology. Strengths of vocational psychology include its rich diversity of theoretical models and the energetic tradition of empirical investigation. Troublesome weaknesses include the tendency of some to adopt a dabbler, pundit, or booster approach to the issues confronting vocational psychology and the marginalization of vocational psychology in its intellectual home. Technological advances that will occur within the next 3 decades present the field with tremendous opportunities and significant challenges.
Experimental outdoor studies with ulva fasciata delile. II. Trace metal chemistry

Abstract The effect of light and nitrate/nitrogen on the uptake of iron, manganese, zinc, cadmium and rubidium by Ulva fasciata Delile grown in outdoor continuous cultures was investigated. As the major determinant of growth in this experiment, light level exerted a greater overall effect than nutrient level on metal uptake by U. fasciata. Concentrations of cadmium and rubidium in the algae decreased as the specific growth rate increased. Algal nitrogen content controlled the uptake of zinc and iron. The concentration of manganese in this seaweed increased as specific growth rate increased. Because environmental growth factors may indirectly affect trace metal uptake, seaweed populations at different locations may have trace metal chemistries that are related differently to the chemistry of local waters. Growth characteristics should be considered when seaweeds are used as trace metal pollution indicators.
VELOCITY FIELD MEASUREMENTS DURING DROP FORMATION BY VORTICAL FLOWS IN MICROGRAVITY

We report velocity field measurements using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of the interaction of a vortex ring with the interface between immiscible liquids. To obtain high resolution PIV images, the refractive index of the two liquids were matched. In addition the density change across the interface was small resulting in surface-tensi on-dominated interface dynamics. For these experiments the range of Weber number studied is high enough to result in interface breakup and drop formation. The velocity field measurements are processed to determine the evolution of the vorticity field during the interaction and drop formation process. We show that at low Weber number large amounts of opposite sign vorticity are generated at the interface. This vorticity diffuses across the interface as well as into the vortex ring. In contrast at higher Weber numbers the vortex ring interaction occurs in a shorter time scale and does not result in generation of opposite sign vorticity. However the circulation of the vortex ring is reduced during the interaction.
Collaboration with Mobile Media: Shifting from 'Participation' to 'Co-creation'

While social mobile sites such as Twitter and Facebook have opened new possibilities for human interaction, these applications have barely begun to tap the wellspring of potential for collaborative learning with social media. Although many applications encourage people to be persistently aware of what friends and acquaintances do or care about, rarely do they foster a persistent sense of “doing” or “caring” together. We propose that social mobile applications that support distributed learning communities would benefit from a shift in framing, away from the popular “participation” model of mobile media to a “co-creation” model. We describe a mobile media application in development, “Mobltz”, designed to support collaboration via mobile media co-creation.
Cell surface expression of a specific antigenic site on the catalytic subunit of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase

Structural localization of a peptide region, KRQPRNPKTDKLVNE, in the catalytic subunit of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was investigated using a specific antibody directed against this peptide in cultured African green monkey kidney CV-1 cells. Immunofluorescence staining of frozen cell sections shows that an anti-KRQPRNPKTDKLVNE antibody (SSA95) interacts with its antigenic site and binds to the extracellular side of the cell membrane. Indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analyses confirmed the presence of this epitope on intact cell surfaces. These results suggest that the KRQPRNPKTDKLVNE region of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase is expressed on the cellular membrane surface.
Testing the Impact of a Computer Guide on Visitor Learning Behaviors at an Interactive Exhibit

ABSTRACT There is a recognized need to rigorously examine the efficacy of approaches to supporting informal learning. In this study, we used a 2 × 2 factorial experimental design to test the impact of a computer guide on 3 proximal measures of visitor learning at an interactive math exhibit. In total, 128 families were systematically assigned to engage with the exhibit either with or without access to a supplementary computer kiosk. Visitor groups with access to the computer spent longer, on average, at the exhibit and engaged in more mathematical behaviors compared to other groups. However, based on interviews, visitors with access to the computer were less likely to fully articulate the mathematical relations in the exhibit. These results suggest that although computer guides are a promising approach to supporting visitor engagement, they may, unless carefully designed, undermine other learning outcomes.
An analysis of the full alpha-beta pruning algorithm

An analysis of the alpha-beta pruning algorithm is presented which takes into account both shallow and deep cut-offs. A formula is first developed to measure the average number of terminal nodes examined by the algorithm in a uniform free of degree n and depth d when ties are allowed among the bottom positions: specifically, all bottom values are assumed to be independent identically distributed random variables drawn from a discrete probability distribution. A worst case analysis over all possible probability distributions is then presented by considering the limiting case when the discrete probability distribution tends to a continuous probability distribution. The branching factor of the alpha-beta pruning algorithm is shown to grow with n as T(n/In n), therefore confirming a claim by Knuth and Moore that deep cut-offs only have a second order effect on the behavior of the algorithm.
Modeling State Representation On Defense Committees in Congress, 1959-1989

Since World War II, why have defense committees in Congress tended to represent some states rather than others? To address this question we use a variation of two-stage least squares (2SLS) to analyze the effects of each state's share of prime military contracts, military payrolls, delegation size, and legislator ideology on representation on the House and Senate Armed Services Committees and the Appropriations Subcommittees of the Department of Defense. We find that during the period 1959-1989 defense committees have been dominated by large ideologically conservative states that received the largest shares of defense contracts and payrolls. The only exception is Democrats on these committees, who did not tend to overrepre sent states with above average levels of defense contracts. These findings correct earlier studies that have stressed the influence of only some of these factors (ideology or payrolls) in models of defense committee membership.
Protruding atherosclerotic plaque of the thoracic aorta causing systemic thromboembolic phenomena: CT, sonographic, and angiographic findings with pathologic correlation

Abstract We report the clinical course, treatment, and findings on computed tomography (CT), aortography, and intra-operative sonography in a 50 year-old patient who developed systemic emboli to the superior mesenteric and left renal arteries secondary to a protruding atherosclerotic and focal hemorrhagic plaque of the thoracic aorta. The imaging findings are correlated with pathologic findings. This is followed by a brief review of the current literature regarding protruding atherosclerotic plaques.
A novel partial relay selection method for amplify-and-forward relay systems

Although partial relay selection (PRS) for amplify-and-forward relay systems requires only the knowledge of source-relay (S-R) channels, in general, it incurs a significant performance loss. In cooperative systems with all single-antenna nodes, irrespective of the number of relays, the diversity order of PRS is limited to only one. This paper proposes a novel relay selection method for improving the performance of PRS scheme. In particular, as in the conventional PRS scheme, the relay that gives the best first-hop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected. However, this selection is made from only a subset of relays, for which the corresponding S-R and relay-destination (R-D) links are not in outage. An R-D link is considered to be in outage if its SNR is below the predefined threshold value of the end-to-end SNR plus some adjustable margin. The additional overhead required for implementing the proposed scheme is comparable to that of the conventional PRS method. For conciseness and better exposition of the proposed method, we limit our theoretical analysis to a system with two to three relays. The exact expressions of the end-to-end outage probability are derived and it is shown that full diversity order is achieved. Simulation results verify theoretical analysis and show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the conventional PRS method. Moreover, the results demonstrate that, for properly selected margin, the performance of the proposed method is very close or comparable to the method with full channel state information.
Nox2 and Nox4 influence neonatal c-kit+ cardiac precursor cell status and differentiation

Redox status has emerged as critical in modulating stemness and lineage commitment in several precursor cell types. However, a role for redox genes, specifically NADPH oxidases (Nox), in cardiac pr...
A review and integration of knowledge about faculty research productivity

The nursing literature is replete with commentary and opinions about the research and scholarly productivity of nursing faculty. There are also a number of research studies on several aspects of faculty productivity. However, a scholarly critique and integration of research on this topic is lacking. This article reviews the literature on faculty research productivity and synthesizes the findings to present recommendations for promoting nursing faculty research and scholarship.
Mouse models of the metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity concomitant with other metabolic abnormalities such as hypertriglyceridemia, reduced high-density lipoprotein levels, elevated blood pressure and raised fasting glucose levels. The precise definition of MetS, the relationships of its metabolic features, and what initiates it, are debated. However, obesity is on the rise worldwide, and its association with these metabolic symptoms increases the risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (among many other diseases). Research needs to determine the mechanisms by which obesity and MetS increase the risk of disease. In light of this growing epidemic, it is imperative to develop animal models of MetS. These models will help determine the pathophysiological basis for MetS and how MetS increases the risk for other diseases. Among the various animal models available to study MetS, mice are the most commonly used for several reasons. First, there are several spontaneously occurring obese mouse strains that have been used for decades and that are very well characterized. Second, high-fat feeding studies require only months to induce MetS. Third, it is relatively easy to study the effects of single genes by developing transgenic or gene knockouts to determine the influence of a gene on MetS. For these reasons, this review will focus on the benefits and caveats of the most common mouse models of MetS. It is our hope that the reader will be able to use this review as a guide for the selection of mouse models for their own studies.
Broadband Root-Mean-Square Detector in CMOS for On-Chip Measurements of Millimeter-Wave Voltages

A root-mean-square Schottky diode detector for estimating millimeter-wave (80-110 GHz) signal voltage using dc or low-frequency measurements for debugging and self-testing is demonstrated. The detector is realized in a 45-nm CMOS process without any process modifications. The detector gain at 30-mVrms input voltage is 11 V-1 . The insertion loss is less than 0.2 dB, and the flatness of the detector gain over 80-110 GHz is 15%. The input dynamic range is greater than 29 dB, and the size of the detector including the filter capacitor is 340 m2.
Design of an expert system for transmission planning

An expert system for transmission planning (ESTP) that encapsulates the use of conventional power system analysis tools without actual or functional code duplication, which is in the developmental stage, is described. The ESTP allows utility specifics to be added, so that system planning peculiarities can be taken into account.
Point: The Quest for Clean Competition in Sports: Are We the Dopes?

A 2011 Q&A article published in Clinical Chemistry (1) covered the recent state of affairs and the outlook for future efforts to combat the use of illicit or performance-enhancing drugs in sports (i.e., doping). The interviewees in that article made several poignant admissions: that the rate of detection for doping is <100% (and maybe far less), that deterrent measures need to be stronger yet fair, and that future additions to the pharmacopoeia of doping agents will seriously challenge our ability to provide reliable and comprehensive testing. Given these challenges, it may be time for our society to reconsider the purpose of antidoping testing, and for those of us in the clinical chemistry community to question whether we should be doing this testing at all. One of the most important principles of laboratory testing is the statistical concept implied by the Bayes theorem: the likelihood of a finding being true is related to the pretest probability of truth times the likelihood ratio associated with the test. Thus, in the case of a drug test, if it is tremendously unlikely that the subject is using the drug, a positive drug test result is most likely a false positive. Conversely, if a subject is highly likely to be using a drug, a negative drug test result is most likely a false negative. Consider, for example, a hypothetical screening population in which 90% of athletes use a banned substance. Bayesian analysis tells us that, even if the test used for the banned substance is 95% sensitive and 95% specific for detection, more than 32% of the negative tests are false negatives. Because antidoping testing is often designed to afford higher specificity at the cost of lower sensitivity to lower the probability of false-positive results, and because athletes are known to actively evade detection, the …
A Comparison of Apparel Garment Prices By National, Retail, And Private Labels

Although it is generally acknowledged that brand name merchandise costs consumers more than private label merchandise, the reason for this difference is unclear. Are brand name items priced higher because they have different characteristics than private labels? Also, if items have similar characteristics, how much more do consumers pay for brand name merchandise? The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of brand name on the price of apparel while accounting for variations in product attributes. Based on the characteristics model of demand, a hedonic price equation was estimated using data collected on a sample of sweaters from moderately priced stores in a midwestern town. The results indicated that, while holding fiber content, styling, and country of origin constant, both national name brands and retail-store brands were priced higher, on average, than private labels. These results have implications for consumers and retailers. In particular, it may behoove private label retailers to augme...
Frequency stabilization of the coupled opto-electronic oscillator

The coupled opto-electronic oscillator (COEO) is a system that couples an optical oscillator with the microwave oscillator. The COEO can be modeled as a photonic microwave oscillators using a mode-locked laser as the high-Q resonator, and has been shown to be capable of generating ultra-low phase noise microwave signals [N. Yu et al, Opt Lett. V. 30, 1231 (2005)]. This configuration also provides the opportunity to link the stability of the two oscillators. In this paper, we will describe our recent phase-noise measurements of photonic microwave oscillators. We will also discuss our investigation of the frequency stability link between the optical and microwave frequencies in the coupled oscillator. This link is established by stabilizing the optical frequency to an atomic transition, the stability of which is transfered to the microwave signal. This system represents a unique architecture for drawing a stable microwave signal from the optical oscillator
Rules for Relating Communicated among Social Network Members

Two studies were conducted on the rules of relating communicated in the social network interactions of young adults. Study 1 involved 68 university students who completed a two week diary recording interactions with others in which rules for conducting relationships were communicated. In general, rules for relating tended to be communicated among same-sex dyads or triads through advice-giving, sanctioning, and gossip. Rules dealt primarily with romantic relationships (qualities of desirable/eligible partners, and how to initiate, sustain, and dissolve relationships) and friendships (how to conduct them). Study 2 was a survey administered to 127 university students on the extent to which they followed these rules, the degree to which they would receive negative sanctions if the rules were violated, and whether they perceived the rules to be gender-linked. Although several rules were perceived to be gender-linked, few sex differences emerged on perceived sanctioning and on reported rule compliance. In gener...
NMR Studies of Drugs: Antipyrine and Analogs. II. 1H and 13C Chemical Shift Dispersion as Conformation Indicator for the N-Phenyl Ring.

Abstract A potentially useful simple method is proposed to determine whether the N-phenyl rings in the analgesic drug, antipyrine (and analogs), preferentially exist in a conformation which is approximately coplanar with, or is perpendicular to, the five-membered heterocyclic rings. The method is based on the magnitude of “spectral dispersion,” that is, the degree of NMR chemical shift differences for the proton and the protonated carbon signals of the N-phenyl. A narrow range of chemical shifts is considered suggestive of a preferred perpendicular conformation, which reduces mesomeric effects of conjugation and minimizes steric hindrance with nearby groups. Representative chemical shift data for model compounds are presented.
Evaluation of the seroprevalence of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 on a university campus: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Human infection with influenza A(H1N1) 2009 was first identified in the United States on 15 April 2009 and on 11 June 2009, WHO declared that the rapidly spreading swine-origin influenza virus constituted a global pandemic. We evaluated the seroprevalence of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus on a large public University campus, as well as disparities in demographic, symptomatic and vaccination characteristics of participants. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, sera was collected from volunteers and then tested for the presence of antibodies to the virus using a ≥ 1:40 dilution cut-off by hemagglutination inhibition assay. In conjunction, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire allowing us to estimate risk factors for infection in this population, as well as distinguish artificially derived antibodies from naturally derived antibodies. Results: 300 total participants were recruited and tested. 158 (52.6%) tested positive for influenza A(H1N1) 2009 via hemagglutination inhibition assay using a ≥ 1:40 dilution cut-off. 86 people (54.4%) tested positive for H1N1 but did not report experiencing symptoms during the pandemic meeting the May 2010 CDC definition of influenzalike illness. Furthermore, of those individuals who reported that they had received the H1N1 vaccine, 16% did not test positive. Conclusions: Overall, 52.7% of the total study population tested positive for influenza A(H1N1) 2009. 54.4% of those who tested positive for influenza A(H1N1) 2009 using the ≥ 1:40 dilution cut-off on the hemagglutination inhibition assay in this study population did not report experiencing symptoms during the pandemic meeting the May 2010 CDC definition of influenza-like illness. 16% of those who reported receiving the H1N1 vaccine did not test positive by HAI. We also found that vaccination coverage for H1N1 vaccine was poor among Blacks and Latinos, despite the fact that vaccine was readily available at no cost.
Optimum distributed detection of weak signals in dependent sensors

Locally optimum (LO) distributed detection is considered for observations that are dependent from sensor to sensor. The necessary conditions are presented for LO distributed sensor detector designs. and a locally optimum fusion rule for an N-sensor parallel distributed detection system with dependent sensor observations is given. Specific solutions are obtained for a random signal additive noise detection problem with two sensors. These solutions indicate that the LO sensor detector nonlinearities, in general, contain a term proportional to f'/f, where f is the noise probability density function (pdf). For some non-Gaussian pdf's, the new term is significant and causes the LO sensor detector nonlinearities to be nonsymmetric even for symmetric pdfs. LO solutions are presented for finite sample sizes, and the solutions for the asymptotic case are discussed. These results are extended to yield the form of the solutions for the N-sensor LO random signal distributed detection problem that generalize the two-sensor results. >
Nodal analysis of density-wave oscillations in boiling water nuclear reactors

Abstract This work presents a model for density-wave oscillations in boiling water nuclear reactors (BWRs). A nodal approach is adopted to describe the power generation in the core. The nodal equations are derived within the framework of Avery's coupled-core kinetics theory. This method enables us to evaluate easily the internodal coupling coefficients using steady-state flux and importance distributions. Particular care is taken in treating the heater wall dynamics by using a distributed parameter model for the fuel rod. The flow is described by the homogeneous equilibrium conservation equations. A steady-state calculation is performed to determine the flow distribution and the neutronic coupling parameters in a core constituted by three hydrodynamic channel types and two neutronic radial nodes. The dynamics solution is based on linearization and use of the Nyquist stability criterion. The stability margin is found to be significantly affected by the coupling effect. The importance of a detailed representation of the neutronic behavior in BWR stability studies is demonstrated.
Left subclavian artery aneurysm: Two cases of rare congenital etiology

Subclavian artery aneurysms are uncommon. The most common causes of these aneurysms are atherosclerosis and traumatic pseudoaneurysm. We report two cases of rare congenial left subclavian artery aneurysms. Diagnosis with aortography and treatment with resection with bypass grafting are the optimal approaches to avoid life-threatening and limb-threatening ischemia.
Induction of Dendritic Cell Production of Type I and Type III Interferons by Wild-Type and Vaccine Strains of Measles Virus: Role of Defective Interfering RNAs

The innate immune response to viral infection frequently includes induction of type I interferons (IFN), but many viruses have evolved ways to block this response and increase virulence. In vitro studies of IFN production after infection of susceptible cells with measles virus (MeV) have often reported greater IFN synthesis after infection with vaccine than with wild-type strains of MeV. However, the possible presence in laboratory virus stocks of 5′ copy-back defective interfering (DI) RNAs that induce IFN independent of the standard virus has frequently confounded interpretation of data from these studies. To further investigate MeV strain-dependent differences in IFN induction and the role of DI RNAs, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were infected with the wild-type Bilthoven strain and the vaccine Edmonston-Zagreb strain with and without DI RNAs. Production of type I IFN, type III IFN, and the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) Mx and ISG56 by infected cells was assessed with a flow cytometry-based IFN bioassay, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), and immunoassays. Bilthoven infected moDCs less efficiently than Edmonston-Zagreb. Presence of DI RNAs in vaccine stocks resulted in greater maturation of moDCs, inhibition of virus replication, and induction of higher levels of IFN and ISGs. Production of type I IFN, type III IFN, and ISG mRNA and protein was determined by both the level of infection and the presence of DI RNAs. At the same levels of infection and in the absence of DI RNA, IFN induction was similar between wild-type and vaccine strains of MeV.
Stabilization of constant power loads in Dc-Dc converters using passivity-based control

This paper studies the control of DC-DC converters subjected to constant-power loads using a passivity-based technique. This technique allows for global analysis and avoids the limitations present in small-signal-based techniques. Passivity-based control in this application leads to a systematic derivation of a linear proportional-differential controller for a buck converter and a nonlinear proportional differential controller for boost and buck-boost converters. The latter are emphasized here. It is discussed how for boost and buck-boost converters an equivalent linear proportional differential controller achieves stable operation with a constant power load. It is also suggested that for all types of converters an integral control term achieves line and load regulation. Experimental work is included to verify the analysis.
Perceptual video quality optimization in AWGN channel using low complexity channel code rate allocation

In error-prone channels, forward error correction is necessary for protecting important data. In this paper, we use a packet loss visibility model to evaluate the visual importance of video packets to be transmitted. With the loss visibility of each packet, we use the Branch and Bound method to optimally allocate rates of Rate-Compatible Punctured Convolutional codes. The complexity of our prior algorithm can be reduced by k-means clustering before using the Branch and Bound method. Experimental results show that the proposed unequal error protection algorithm can improve upon the received video quality compared to our prior work with much lower complexity.
Modeling Determinants Of Debt Default In International Finance: Isolation, Magnitude, And Prediction

The current Argentine debt crises scenario is representative of a climate of financial irresponsibility that does not show signs of waning and has regretfully become a permanent feature of the international financial landscape. This ongoing study examines the evolution of irresponsible borrowing and lending behavior. Through the development of interpretive graphical models, the study hopes to demonstrate the predictability of defaults and to help in the detection of their timing and magnitudes. The isolation of these two factors may assist the global financial community to develop strategies to forestall and/or soften the impacts associated with financial catastrophes of this type.
Stage Three: Internalizing Jefferson County, Colorado US Columbine High School Shooting – April 20, 1999

A sunny spring day ended in bloodshed at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Thirteen students were killed and 21 were wounded before the two gunmen, also students at the school, killed themselves. Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold waged their attack over the course of an hour, between 11:10 a.m. and 12:08 p.m., during the first of three scheduled lunch periods at the high school in Jefferson County, Colorado [1, 2].
Solution of Complex Nonlinear Plastic Structures by the Method of Tearing

A tensorial method is developed to solve in easy stages the stresses and deformations in complex statically indeterminate trusses, when stressed beyond the proportional limit. The method consists of tearing the plastic structure apart into smaller structures, or into its component bars, setting up the nonlinear deformation-versus-stress equations of each small structure separately, then interconnecting the component nonlinear equations by tensorial methods. The unknown redundant forces are found by one inversion and by a successive multiplication of vectors with matrices. Detailed numerical example of a truss with ten nonlinear bars is also worked out and checked against another method.
Aquaporin 2 is a vasopressin-independent, constitutive apical membrane protein in rat vas deferens.

Aquaporin 2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel, was originally identified in renal collecting duct principal cells. However, our recent description of AQP2 in the vas deferens indicate...
Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease and Patient's Psychological Condition

Cardiovascular disease and the patient's psychological condition have a close correlation.Cardiovascular disease may cause and aggravate depression and anxiety,but depression and anxiety also may induce and aggravate the cardiovascular disease.
THE EFFECTS OF DRUGS USED IN LABOR ON THE FETUS AND NEWBORN.

In his response to drugs, the newborn infant is qualitatively arul quantitatively different from the mother arul even the same infant several months hence. The newborn shows marked susceptibility to the depressant effects of drugs used in labor. This heightened sensitivity is related in part to increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier, inefficient renal function, absence of microsomal enzymes necessary for drug metabolism, arul asphyxia and physical trauma associated with the delivery process. Drugs used during labor arul delivery are considered in terms of their transmission across the placenta arul pharmacologic effects on the fetus and newborn.
Forestalling Age-Related Brain Disorders

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are progressive fatal age-related neurodegenerative disorders that place a major burden on patients, their family, and health-care providers. Stroke is also common in the elderly and often results in major long-term disabilities. Because the number of people in the 65–85-year-old age range (the ‘danger zone’ for AD, PD, and stroke) is increasing, and there are no effective treatments, it is critical that approaches for reducing the risk of these diseases be identified and implemented. Evidence is presented that lifestyles incorporating intermittent challenges to the brain and body may forestall AD and PD. Aerobic exercise, dietary challenges (e.g., intermittent fasting and consumption of vegetables and fruits), and intellectual challenges can stimulate neurons in ways that enhance their function and resistance to stress and aging. These challenges can stimulate the production of neurotrophic factors, improve neuronal energy metabolism, and enhance the ability of brain cells to repair damaged DNA and remove damaged proteins and mitochondria. While further research will be required to establish the optimal prescriptions for challenge-based lifestyles, it is clear that the recent increase in unchallenging (sedentary and overindulgent) lifestyles is contributing to the emerging epidemic of age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
A review of artificial intelligence based building energy use prediction: Contrasting the capabilities of single and ensemble prediction models

Abstract Building energy use prediction plays an important role in building energy management and conservation as it can help us to evaluate building energy efficiency, conduct building commissioning, and detect and diagnose building system faults. Building energy prediction can be broadly classified into engineering, Artificial Intelligence (AI) based, and hybrid approaches. While engineering and hybrid approaches use thermodynamic equations to estimate energy use, the AI-based approach uses historical data to predict future energy use under constraints. Owing to the ease of use and adaptability to seek optimal solutions in a rapid manner, the AI-based approach has gained popularity in recent years. For this reason and to discuss recent developments in the AI-based approaches for building energy use prediction, this paper conducts an in-depth review of single AI-based methods such as multiple linear regression, artificial neural networks, and support vector regression, and ensemble prediction method that, by combining multiple single AI-based prediction models improves the prediction accuracy manifold. This paper elaborates the principles, applications, advantages and limitations of these AI-based prediction methods and concludes with a discussion on the future directions of the research on AI-based methods for building energy use prediction.
Neural reactivity to reward and internalizing symptom dimensions.

Abstract Background Reduced reward responsiveness, measured via the event-related potential (ERP) component the reward positivity (RewP), has been linked to several internalizing psychopathologies (IPs). Specifically, prior studies suggest that a reduced RewP is robustly related to depression and to a lesser extent anxiety. No studies to date, however, have examined the relation between the RewP and IP symptom dimensions in a heterogeneous, clinically representative patient population that includes both depressed and/or anxious subjects. The primary aim of the current study was to examine the relation between the RewP and specific internalizing symptom dimensions among patients with a variety of IP diagnoses and symptoms. Methods A total of 80 treatment seeking adults from the community completed a battery of questionnaires assessing a range of IP symptoms and a well-validated reward processing task known to robustly elicit the RewP. Results A principal components analysis (PCA) on clinical assessments revealed two distinct factors that characterized the patient sample: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. Results showed that within this sample, an attenuated RewP was associated with greater affective distress/misery based symptoms; however, the RewP was unrelated to fear-based anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The current findings suggest that patients with higher distress/misery symptoms are characterized by decreased responsivity to rewards at the physiological level, and that this response tendency distinguishes distress/misery symptoms from fear-based symptoms. The RewP may be one promising transdiagnostic biological target for intervention efforts for individuals with distress-based symptoms of psychopathology.
Systemic F2-Isoprostane Levels in Predisposition to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Emphasis on Racial Differences.

This review focuses on racial differences in systemic levels of lipid peroxidation markers F2-isoprostanes as metabolic characteristics predisposing to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels F2-isoprostanes were found in obesity, type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. It was hypothesized that increased F2-isoprostane levels reflect the obesity-induced oxidative stress that promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. However, African Americans have lower levels of systemic F2-isoprostane levels despite their predisposition to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The review summarizes new findings from epidemiological studies and a novel interpretation of metabolic determinants of systemic F2-isoprostane levels as a favorable phenotype. Multiple observations indicate that systemic F2-isoprostane levels reflect intensity of oxidative metabolism, a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species, and specifically, the intensity of fat utilization. Evidence from multiple human studies proposes that targeting fat metabolism can be a productive race-specific strategy to address the existing racial health disparities. Urinary F2- isoprostanes may provide the basis for targeted interventions to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes among populations of African descent.
gTLD's and the 'Good Old Days' of the Internet

The full domain name consists of several elements including the type of Internet platform being used, such as ftp for File Transfer Protocol or www for World Wide Web, followed by a name selected by the particular organization, such as lclark for Lewis and Clark’s college and law school. At the top was the creatively-named Top-Level Domain, the original purpose of which was to identify either the type of organization or its geographic location that was the source of the content. By the mid to late 1980's the original seven generic top level domains had been established, .edu for educational institutions, .org for non-profit organizations, .net for networks, .gov for U.S. government entities, .int for international organizations, .mil for United States military units and, famously, .com for commercial companies. In addition, individual countries were assigned two-character country codes, such as .uk for the United Kingdom, .de for Germany (Deutschland), and .us for the United States. Periodically ICANN has created new top level domains, with several being introduced in 2000 and more in 2004. However, those domains saw only modest acceptance, with the .com domain remaining king of the market place. However, in 2011, ICANN proposed the most radical change in domain names since their introduction, allowing the creation of virtually unlimited new generic top level domains (known as gTLD’s). gTLDs can be based on virtually string of characters, allowing for top level names of companies, products, services, industries, political or social arguments (.sucks for example). gTLDs also allow top level domains to use Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese and other non-Latin alphabets. To date, over 700 new gTLD’s have been approved, with applications for another 1400 pending.
Linked Data for Cultural Heritage Edited, by Ed Jones and Michele Seikel

In 2001, Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, and Ora Lassila proposed a Semantic web that would empower digital devices to serve as personal assistants, negotiating health insurance red tape, personal ...
Eutrephoceras (Nautiloidea) from the Paleocene Beaufort Formation of North Carolina

Well preserved specimens of Eutrephoceras sloani Reeside, collected from a recently exposed outcrop of the Paleocene Beaufort Formation in east-central North Carolina, represent the first reported Paleocene nautiloids from Coastal Plain strata of North Carolina. This species was formerly known only from the Paleocene Black Mingo Formation in eastern South Carolina, about 280 km southwest of the North Carolina Paleocene outcrops. The North Carolina specimens allow clarification and elaboration of Reeside's original description.