cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review of Sensor technologies and data requirements for ITS by Lawrence A. Klein

This is an instructive reference book that draws together in one place the technical details of nonintrusive traffic sensors, their deployment, and the fusion of their data into useful information within the traffic control center. One can quickly locate a specific topic by using the book’s index and table of contents and then be presented with a well written, technically robust treatise on the topic. The stated goal of the book is to allow practitioners, students, and managers develop an understanding of nonintrusive, surface-mounted, and subsurface sensor technologies, including their operation, utilization, calibration, and installation. This goal is attained, in no small part, by the liberal use of figures, drawings, and photographs. This book has an important place on the reference shelf of all practitioners dealing with traffic data collection and its use. Most engineers, including this reviewer, enter the transportation field through classic civil engineering educations. Some come from industrial and systems engineering programs. Traditionally, the technology developed slowly and was simply an extension of one’s undergraduate college course work. However, in recent years, technology developments in traffic sensors have rapidly emerged from scientific fields far removed from the traditional transportation engineering disciplines. While other technical disciplines develop the tools, it is still the civil and systems engineers who typically apply them in the field and manage the transportation systems. This has increased our need for state-ofthe-art reference manuals to aid in our understanding of the new technologies and how to evaluate, select, and deploy them. Dr. Klein is well qualified by training and experience to address his subject. An electrical engineer, he came to the transportation field after many years of work on sensors in the aerospace and defense communities. He was one of the primary authors and contributors to the Federal Highway Administration’s ~FHWA! Intelligent Vehicle Highway System ~IVHS! detection technology program, which resulted in a series of task reports under the general title Report for Detection Technology for IVHS ~FHWA DTFH61-91-C-0076, Washington, D.C., US DOT, FHWA, 1992– 1995!. This book grew out of that effort and provides a comprehensive synthesis on the various emerging detection technologies. The book is organized into 9 chapters and 12 appendices. The first chapter is small but makes the case for optimizing the existing transportation network through information gathering and dissemination. It concludes by carving out the role that sensors and Traffic Management Centers ~TMCs! play in this scheme. Chapter 2 provides an excellent summary of the characterization of traffic flow, in a compact 50 pages. Standing alone, this chapter will be useful as a primer or refresher for university students, TMC operators, or anyone in the field.
Quantifying behavioral disturbance in Alzheimer's disease patients

In the course of a four-month study of interventions for behavioral disturbances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, the following assessment instruments were examined for validity: the clinical global impression of change (CGIC), Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory (CMAI); CERAD behavioral rating scale for dementia (BRSD), revised memory and behavioral problems checklist (RMBPC) and the agitated behavior in dementia scale (ABID). The four specific behavioral/agitation scales had excellent cross-sectional and longitudinal correlations with each other, suggesting high validity, but changes as indicated by CGIC scores did not correlate well with change scores on the other instruments. We conclude that specific behavioral instruments are preferable to the more general CGIC for detecting and quantifying behavioral disturbances in AD patients.
Limitations of atp estimates of microbial biomass

Abstract Serious limitations were found in the use of ATP measurements as indicators of Pseudomonas paucimobilis biomass and activity in sterilized soil. These limitations were related to effects of moisture stress, nutrient variation and protozoan predation on soil ATP levels and ATP per bacterium. Rewetting dry soil resulted in an increase (2.2-fold) in ATP per bacterium, as did additions of glucose (5.9-fold) and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (2.8-fold). ATP per bacterium also differed between grazed and ungrazed bacteria. Carbon dioxide evolution and ATP concentrations varied independently with time. Thus, except under low nutrient conditions, when neither bacterial numbers nor ATP measurements changed, ATP concentrations did not indicate bacterial population dynamics or respiration. Carbon and nitrogen effects on ATP concentrations were reduced by adding an excess of glucose a few hours before ATP measurements.
QRS DURATION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION IN NON ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Non-traditional EKG parameters as pattern of QRS or its duration (QRSd) have been investigated in acute coronary syndrome. Following an infarction, the heart attempts to compensate for myocardial loss through remodeling which alters the ejection fraction over time. Our objective is to evaluate the
Branch companion modeling for diverse simulation of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients

Simulators of the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) type are widely used for the study of high-frequency transients in power electric systems. For the study of electromechanical transients, where the main interest is to focus only on deviations from the ac waveform, the EMTP approach is not efficient. In this paper, a branch companion model that is suitable for both electromagnetic and electromechanical transients simulation is proposed. It processes analytic signals whose Fourier spectrum can be shifted in accordance with the objective of the study. The proposed method opens the way for a unified description of electromagnetic and electromechanical transients simulation.
Involvement of Met-enkephalin in diazepam induced inhibition of morphine tolerance and dependence

Abstract Male Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered tolerant and dependent by the s.c. implantation of six 75 mg morphine pellets. Diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) was once daily injected i.p. into rats after the first day of implantation. Diazepam inhibited tolerance to TF antinociception in rats treated with morphine. Sedation as evidenced by sensorimotor impairment induced by morphine-pellet implantation was antagonized by diazepam. Diazepam administration also decreased the degree of jumping behavior observed following naloxone injection in morphine-treated rats. Finally, a decrease in the met-enkephalin levels observed in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, cortex and spinal cord of morphine tolerant-dependent rats was reversed by injecting diazepam along with the morphine-treatment. These results suggest that diazepam may inhibit morphine tolerance and dependence by preventing a morphine induced decrease in the CNS met-enkephalin levels.
Intrahippocampal administration of lead (Pb) impairs performance of rats in the Morris water maze.

We examined spatial learning in the Morris water maze after daily acute bilateral micro-injection of 13.9 ng sodium acetate (NaAc) or 37.9 ng lead acetate (PbAc) in 1 μl volumes into the dorsal hippocampus of normal adult rats. After six days of injections and water maze training, rats injected with NaAc were able to find a hidden platform in 8.3 s, and those injected with PbAc were significantly slower (15.2 s; p < 0.02). In a second experiment, rats were trained to find a hidden platform before injections began and then tested in order to determine if intrahippocampal injections of Pb affected the recall of a previously learned task. The escape latency on the first day after injections began was increased slightly when compared to the last day of training before injections, however the NaAc and PbAc groups were not significantly different over three days of injections. Both treatment groups performed as well as they did before injections began by the second day of injections. These results suggest that the direct injection of Pb into the hippocampus impairs the acquisition, but not the recall of the spatial learning task in the Morris water maze.
Awareness of potential valvulopathy risk with pergolide and changes in clinical practice after label change: a survey among European neurologists.

In response to concern about the reported frequency of ergot-associated valvulopathy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Eli Lilly and Company updated the Risk Minimization Program for pergolide, changing the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) and distributing a Dear Doctor Letter (DDL) highlighting the new label changes. A survey was conducted subsequently to assess neurologists' awareness of the revised SmPC and their resulting changes in practice. A random sample of 20.3% of neurologists (n = 4056) from 12 eligible EU countries were invited to participate. Of the target population of 247 neurologists who treated patients with PD, used pergolide in 2005, and were willing to participate, 244 (99%) responded. Overall awareness of the DDL and the SmPC changes was 94.2%. Over half (58.3%) of neurologists indicated that they prescribe pergolide exclusively as second-line treatment, although some (21.9%) used pergolide exclusively as first-line treatment. In response to the DDL, most neurologists perform echocardiograms before treatment (67.5%) and during treatment (76.7%), and over half (55%) avoid prescribing doses > 5 mg/day. Overall, use of a DDL to communicate an SmPC change was effective in increasing the awareness of pergolide-associated valvulopathy and in modifying neurologists' clinical practice to minimize this risk.
Security in space

Abstract The United States has been engaged in multiple activities to enhance international stability and ensure the sustainability of space activities. This includes multilateral activities within the United Nations such ash the “Group of Government Experts” to study transparency and confidence building measures (TCBMs) for outer space activities. The European Union has been leading talks on a possible international space code of conduct and the United States is supportive of the process. However, European efforts have not been successful in securing support from space powers such as India and Brazil, much less China and Russia. Codes and TCBMs cannot be a substitute for the capabilities necessary to deter potential adversaries and meet U.S. alliance commitments. In fact, the viability of any such codes may rely on the development of deterrence-related capabilities, for example space situational awareness to attribute hostile acts in space. The United States and its allies should take measures to improve the resilience of space systems across the spectrum of conflict. Improving resilience can consist of both “material” and “non-material” solutions. The former include measures such as hardening space and ground systems against physical and cyber attacks. The latter can include development of alternative means of mission performance, such as the use of allied or commercial systems.
Equivalences and optimal designs of PTV systems

Some equivalences or transformations between a number of periodically time-varying (PTV) digital filters are developed. The transformation between the commutator and modulator analysis structures is presented. The transformation allows the problem specification and design in either or both domains. Equivalent analysis structures are found for a canonical PTV IIR (infinite-impulse response) digital filter. It is shown that the denominator of the time-invariant filters in these structures have a special form. Using this special form, a design procedure is developed for the PTV IIR canonical filter structure. >
On the Definition of Scattering in Relativistic Quantum Field Theory

A relativistic interacting theory for neutral bosons and in which there can be no stable bound states is studied. The theory is obtained by embedding two-particle relativistic quantum mechanics in quantum field theory by means of a procedure recently given by Sudarshan. This results in a theory in which there is scattering in the two-particle channel only. An « interacting » field operator ψx is defined for the theory. It is then found that under the usual formulation of axiomatic quantum field theory ψx must be regarded as a « local free-field operator ». However, there is inherent in ψx scattering information. A new asymptotic condition for field operators is then proposed, whereby this scattering information may be extracted. A heuristic discussion of the physical significance of the asymptotic condition is also given.
Boosting classifiers regionally

This paper presents a new algorithm for Boosting the performance of an ensemble of classifiers. In Boosting, a series of classifiers is used to predict the class of data where later members of the series concentrate on training data that is incorrectly predicted by earlier members. To make a prediction about a new pattern, each classifier predicts the class of the pattern and these predictions are then combined. In standard Boosting, the predictions are combined by weighting the predictions by a term related to the accuracy of the classifier on the training data. This approach ignores the fact that later classifiers focus on small subsets of the patterns and thus may only be good at classifying similar patterns. In RegionBoost, this problem is addressed by weighting each classifier's predictions by a factor measuring how well that classifier performs on similar patterns. In this paper we examine several methods for determining how well a classifier performs on similar patterns. Empirical tests indicate RegionBoost produces gains in performance for some data sets and has little effect on others.
An improved transformer top oil temperature model for use in an on-line monitoring and diagnostic system

In this paper, the authors examine dynamic models of power transformer top oil temperature for use in an online monitoring and diagnostic system. Data taken from large transformers in the field indicate that the IEEE model of top oil temperature rise over ambient temperature does not adequately account for daily variations in ambient temperature. The authors propose a modification that accurately predicts top oil temperature and can be implemented in an online system. This model is verified using data from a large power transformer in service.
Implementation Considerations for Multisite Clinical Trials with Cognitive Neuroscience Tasks

Multisite clinical trials aimed at cognitive enhancement across various neuropsychiatric conditions have employed standard neuropsychological tests as outcome measures. While these tests have enjoyed wide clinical use and have proven reliable and predictive of functional disability, a number of implementation challenges have arisen when these tests are used in clinical trials. These issues are likely to be magnified in future studies when cognitive neuroscience (CN) procedures are explored in these trials, because in their current forms CN procedures are less standardized and more difficult to teach and monitor. For multisite trials, we anticipate that the most challenging issues will include assuring tester competence, monitoring tester performance, specific challenges with complex assessment methods, and having resources available for adequate monitoring of data quality. Suggestions for overcoming these implementation challenges are offered.
Invited Editorial Comment: Investment Strategies and Investment Track Records

1. Bradford Cornell 1. is a visiting professor of financial economics at California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, CA. There are two fundamentally distinct ways in which investment management services can be evaluated: on the basis of a proposed investment strategy or on the basis of
Associations between past trauma, current social support, and loneliness in incarcerated populations

Prisoners are a vulnerable population with higher rates of trauma than community populations. Social support is important for both in–prison adjustment and post-release community re-entry. Loneliness, a related construct to social support, has been found to be associated with elevated rates of suicidal ideation and behavior, depression, and hopelessness in incarcerated populations. This study explored the relationship of past physical, sexual, and crime-related trauma to current perceived social support and loneliness in a mixed-gender sample of 235 depressed prisoners enrolled in depression treatment studies. History of any trauma, regardless of type, as well as physical, sexual, and crime-related traumas were associated with lower current perceived social support scores (controlling for gender). Past sexual trauma and crime-related trauma were associated with higher levels of loneliness (controlling for gender), though history of any trauma and physical trauma was not. Findings suggest that both overall trauma and specific types of trauma are linked to perceived social support and loneliness among incarcerated persons with major depressive disorder. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, that specifically observed a relationship between past trauma and current social support and loneliness in prison populations. Many intervention programs for prisoners encourage them to develop non-criminogenic and substance-free social networks. These programs should be aware that individuals who have experienced interpersonal trauma may have additional interpersonal challenges, and may need strategies to address interpersonal deficits related to trauma exposure.
Classroom Multimedia Integration for Advanced E-Presentations

We have developed several basic components for our Virtualized Classroom project: automated data collection, intelligent media integration, and flexible user interfaces. As an example of media integration, we show that when the PPT slides are projected onto the digital whiteboard where the instructor annotates, modifies, or expands the PPT presentation, geometrically registering high-resolution images from the two sources yields high quality digital presentations (e-presentations). We use a low-cost digital camera as a bridge to align the two sources and present a hybrid registration approach to align the PPT and handwriting images. Experimental results are presented to validate our approach.
Anisotropic nanomechanical properties of Nephila clavipes dragline silk

Spider silk is a material with unique mechanical properties under tension. In this study, we explore the anisotropic mechanical properties of spider silk using instrumented indentation. Both quasistatic indentation and dynamic stiffness imaging techniques were used to measure the mechanical properties in transverse and longitudinal sections of silk fibers. Quasistatic indentation yielded moduli of 10 ± 2 GPa in transverse sections and moduli of 6.4 ± 0.5 GPa in longitudinal sections, demonstrating mechanical anisotropy in the fiber. This result was supported by dynamic stiffness imaging, which also showed the average reduced modulus measured in the transverse section to be slightly higher than that of the longitudinal section. Stiffness imaging further revealed an oriented microstructure in the fiber, showing microfibrils aligned with the drawing axis of the fiber. No spatial distribution of modulus across the silk sections was observed by either quasistatic or stiffness imaging mechanics.
Effect of endoscopic sinus surgery on pulmonary status of adults with cystic fibrosis.

ObjectiveFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) provides symptomatic relief of sinus disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but it is unclear whether it has beneficial effects on lung d...
Isolation and characterization of IPP, a novel human gene encoding an actin-binding, kelch-like protein

Abstract The kelch family of proteins is defined by a 50 amino-acid repeat that has been shown to associate with actin. Here we describe the cloning and initial characterization of IPP, a novel human gene that predicts a kelch family protein homologous to the mouse Ipp gene, a previously described kelch family member. A 3 kb IPP cDNA clone was isolated from a human placenta library using a probe derived from Ipp . Restriction mapping and Southern blot analysis show that IPP comprises eight exons spanning more than 47 kb of genomic DNA. Fluorescence in situ hybridization maps the gene to chromosome 1p32–1p34. Northern blot analysis reveals transcripts of 1.4, 2.2, 5.0, and 7.3 kb. The 1.4 and 2.2 kb messages are found exclusively in testis, while the 5.0 and 7.3 kb messages are expressed at varying levels in ovary, placenta, small intestine, spleen, testis, and thymus. The IPP cDNA clone contains a 1752 bp open reading frame that predicts a 584 amino-acid, 66 kDa protein. Sequence analysis indicates an N-terminal POZ protein–protein interaction domain and a C-terminal kelch repeat domain consisting of six tandemly arranged repeats. Cosedimentation assays performed with these domains expressed as glutathione S -transferase fusion proteins demonstrate an actin-binding activity mediated specifically by the kelch repeat domain of IPP.
The templated assembly of highly faceted three-dimensional gold microstructures into periodic arrays

Abstract A templated assembly route has been devised which sees the formation of periodic arrays of gold microstructures on oxide substrates. The route, which combines elements of subtractive transfer patterning and templated dewetting, involves the placement of an electroformed nickel mesh in conformal contact with a continuous gold film. When heated, the gold beneath the grid selectively attaches to it due to a surface energy gradient which drives gold from the low surface energy oxide surface to the high surface energy nickel mesh. With this process being confined to areas under and adjacent to the mesh, the underlying gold film eventually ruptures at well-defined locations to form isolated islands of gold which subsequently dewet. Removal of the grid reveals a periodic array of three-dimensional highly-faceted gold microstructures. This templated assembly route is demonstrated for the (100)-, (110)- and (111)-surfaces of MgO and MgAl 2 O 4 where it is observed that the faceting is strongly influenced by both the substrate and its crystallographic orientation.
Improved Patient Support through Support Group Webcasting: A Feasibility Assessment

Emotional stress resulting from chronic illness can be ameliorated by participation in a support group. Among mechanisms for implementing a support group, the in-person, moderated support group meeting remains the "gold standard" but can be medically and/or logistically challenging for many potential participants to attend. Taking care to address confidentiality concerns, we have developed a prototype of a web-based method for remote participants to attend in-person support group meetings. Using commonly available personal computing technology, authorized remote participants gain a realtime, audiovisual connection to the support group meeting, and on-site participants can receive and discuss textual comments from remote participants submitted to, and selected for discussion by, the group moderator. We are studying the feasibility of this method with some of our local support groups, with plans for efficacy studies to follow. Early use with one group has yielded encouraging results.
Frequency based localisation of structural discrepancies

The intent of modal analysis is to develop a reliable model of a structure by working with the analytical and experimental modal properties of frequency, damping and mode shape. In addition to identifying these modal properties, it would be desirable to determine spatially which parts of the structure are modelled poorly or well. It is shown how the pattern of discrepancies in the analytical and experimental test values for the pole and the driving point zero frequencies of a structure can be linked to discrepancies in the mass or stiffness of the structural elements. The success of the procedure depends on the numerical conditioning of a modal reference matrix. Strategies to insure adequate numerical conditioning require a formulation which avoids geometric and energy storage symmetries of the structure, and ignores structural elements which contribute negligibly small potential or kinetic energy to the excited modes. Physical insight into the numerical conditioning problem is provided by a numerical example and by localization of a mass discrepancy in a real structure based on lab tests.
Exploration of computational methods for classification of movement intention during human voluntary movement from single trial EEG.

Abstract Objective To explore effective combinations of computational methods for the prediction of movement intention preceding the production of self-paced right and left hand movements from single trial scalp electroencephalogram (EEG). Methods Twelve naive subjects performed self-paced movements consisting of three key strokes with either hand. EEG was recorded from 128 channels. The exploration was performed offline on single trial EEG data. We proposed that a successful computational procedure for classification would consist of spatial filtering, temporal filtering, feature selection, and pattern classification. A systematic investigation was performed with combinations of spatial filtering using principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), common spatial patterns analysis (CSP), and surface Laplacian derivation (SLD); temporal filtering using power spectral density estimation (PSD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT); pattern classification using linear Mahalanobis distance classifier (LMD), quadratic Mahalanobis distance classifier (QMD), Bayesian classifier (BSC), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLP), probabilistic neural network (PNN), and support vector machine (SVM). A robust multivariate feature selection strategy using a genetic algorithm was employed. Results The combinations of spatial filtering using ICA and SLD, temporal filtering using PSD and DWT, and classification methods using LMD, QMD, BSC and SVM provided higher performance than those of other combinations. Utilizing one of the better combinations of ICA, PSD and SVM, the discrimination accuracy was as high as 75%. Further feature analysis showed that beta band EEG activity of the channels over right sensorimotor cortex was most appropriate for discrimination of right and left hand movement intention. Conclusions Effective combinations of computational methods provide possible classification of human movement intention from single trial EEG. Such a method could be the basis for a potential brain–computer interface based on human natural movement, which might reduce the requirement of long-term training. Significance Effective combinations of computational methods can classify human movement intention from single trial EEG with reasonable accuracy.
The Dynamics of Greenland's Glacial Fjords and Their Role in Climate

Rapid mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has sparked interest in its glacial fjords for two main reasons: Increased submarine melting of glaciers terminating in fjords is a plausible trigger for glacier retreat, and the anomalous freshwater discharged from Greenland is transformed by fjord processes before being released into the large-scale ocean. Knowledge of the fjords' dynamics is thus key to understanding ice sheet variability and its impact on climate. Although Greenland's fjords share some commonalities with other fjords, their deep sills and deeply grounded glaciers, the presence of Atlantic and Polar Waters on the continental shelves outside the fjords' mouths, and the seasonal discharge at depth of large amounts of surface melt make them unique systems that do not fit existing paradigms. Major gaps in understanding include the interaction of the buoyancy-driven circulation (forced by the glacier) and shelf-driven circulation, and the dynamics in the near-ice zone. These must be addressed bef...
The motion of charged walls and coupled bubbles

The rotation of a charged wall and coupled bubble around a circular-shaped, unimplanted area in an ion-implanted garnet film is influenced by the threefold crystalline anisotropy in the implanted layer of garnet. The effect of this anisotropy can be represented approximately by a force proportional to H k1 \sin 3 \theta , where H k1 is the amplitude of the critical curve and θ is measured from one of the easy stripe-out directions. Assuming that the bubble is rigidly attached to the charged wall and that the damping associated with the motion of the charged wall itself is negligible, an equation describing the rotation of the charged wall and coupled bubble produced by an in-plane field of amplitude H xy rotating at an angular frequency ω is derived. The solutions exhibit many features of the observed behavior including the modulation of the phase lag at a frequency 3 ω and the decrease in the average lag and in the modulation as the drive field increases. The equation accounts quantitively for the previously reported non-linear increase in the phase lag as the diameter of the bubble trajectory increases without invoking velocity saturation effects, i.e. with a constant mobility.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced changes in the hydroxylation of biphenyl by rat liver microsomes

Abstract Biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylase activities and cytochrome P-450 concentrations in microsomes were increased by oral doses of less than 1 μg TCDD/kg. Female rats were more sensitive than male rats to the inductive effects of TCDD. since highly significant increases in biphenyl-hydroxylating activities were observed at the dose level of 0.2 μg TCDD/kg in female but not in male rats. The inductive effect was very persistent: biphenyl 2- and 4-hydroxylases remained stimulated even after 73 days following a single oral dose of 25 μg TCDD/kg. The levels to which the hydroxylases were stimulated in female rats were the same as in male rats. Rats of all ages from 10 to 335 days responded to hepatic microsomal effects of TCDD to approximately the same degree. The enzyme inductive effect was diminished by the simultaneous administration of actinomycin D. The K m of biphenyl 2-hydroxylase (1.42 mM) was not altered significantly by TCDD treatment, but the K m of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase (0.62 mM) was increased to approximately the same value (1.6 mM) as that of the 2-hydroxylase. The V max of biphenyl 4-hydroxylase was increased 4.5-fold but that of biphenyl 2-hydroxylase was increased 16.5-fold. Rates of 2β- and 16α-hydroxylation of testosterone were suppressed by TCDD but rates of 7α- and 6β-hydroxylation were unaffected. It would appear that the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases responsible for the hydroxylation of biphenyl and testosterone are different.
Sharing multiple messages over mobile networks

Information dissemination in a large network is typically achieved when each user shares its own information or resources with each other user. Consider n users randomly located over a fixed region, and k of them wish to flood their individual messages among all other users, where each user only has knowledge of its own contents and state information. The goal is to disseminate all messages using a low-overhead strategy that is one-sided and distributed while achieving an order-optimal spreading rate over a random geometric graph. In this paper, we investigate the random-push gossip-based algorithm where message selection is based on the sender's own state in a random fashion. It is first shown that random-push is inefficient in static random geometric graphs. Specifically, it is Ω(√n) times slower than optimal spreading. This gap can be closed if each user is mobile, and at each time moves “locally” using a random walk with velocity v(n). We propose an efficient dissemination strategy that alternates between individual message flooding and random gossiping. We show that this scheme achieves the optimal spreading rate as long as the velocity satisfies v(n) = ω(√log n/k). The key insight is that the mixing introduced by this velocity-limited mobility approximately uniformizes the locations of all copies of each message within the optimal spreading time, which emulates a balanced geometry-free evolution over a complete graph.
Metallaboron Cage Compounds of the Main Group Metals

The first carborane compounds were reported in 1962. About 5 years later the first boron cage compounds containing main group metals appeared in the literature. During the past 15 years considerable progress has been made in the synthesis and structure elucidation of these heteroatom boranes, but the research activity has been far less intense than that experienced in the carborane area.
How to Avoid Medicolegal Problems

The potential for legal liability causes concern among physicians and influences the practice of medicine. The fear of being sued, however, may be overblown, create a disproportionate emphasis on achieving clinical perfection, and lead to potential conflicts of interest that challenge the fiduciary nature of the doctor-patient relationship. There are predictive factors of whether a patient chooses to sue his or her physician—many of which center on communication—and these factors help give rise to strategies for preventing and dealing with medicolegal issues. In addition to practicing good medicine at the individual and systems level, a physician can decrease liability exposure through respectful, sincere, and open communication with patients and good documentation. When medical errors do occur, thoughtful disclosure is often the appropriate response from both a risk management and ethical perspective. Institutional resources such as risk management professionals, legal counsel, and ethics committees are available to help ­physicians minimize risk both preemptively and in response to actual medicolegal issues.
Peritoneal lavage and other diagnostic procedures in blunt abdominal trauma

Diagnostic procedures such as peritoneal lavage, computed tomography, emergency angiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and contrast studies of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts can assist in the identification, quantification, and localization of injury after blunt abdominal trauma. Use of these procedures should be determined by careful clinically assessment as part of an aggressive approach to the diagnosis of the injured patient.
An experimental study of the outer yield surface for annealed polycrystalline aluminium

The concept of a yielding region is introduced and its two boundaries are named the inner and the outer yield surfaces. For annealed polycrystalline aluminium, the outer yield surface is defined operationally as the locus of the stress where the stress-strain function becomes parabolic. Experimental data for thin walled tubes of this material, subjected to combined tension-torsion-reverse torsion loading, reveal that small preloading in one direction does not change the shape of the outer yield surface and the subsequent plastic deformation beyond it. When the preloading is large enough, the easy straining phenomenon is observed under reverse loading and reloading in the range of strain through which the specimen has passed.
Two New Species of Dactynotus from Pennsylvania (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Two new species of aphids from Pennsylvania, Dactynotus (Dactynotus) obscuricaudatus and D. (D.) pepperi , are described. They are illustrated by drawings and photographs, and a table of measurements is given for each.
Quantum mechanical study of the structure and stability of molecular van der Waals' clusters. III: Dimers of hydrogen sulfide

Electronic structure calculations employingab initio methods have been carried out for the H2S monomer and two of its associated dimers: its homodimer, (H2S)2 and its heterodimer with water. The results reported here include geometric parameters, the zero-point and minimum energies, rotational and vibrational constants, and dipole moments. The contribution of the monomers to the dimer spectrum has been suggested. Two structures for the homodimer corresponding to potential surface stationary points have been found. One of these has been identified as a transition state.
Breastfeeding-Friendly Erie County: Establishing a Baby Café Network.

Community-based lactation support groups help improve breastfeeding duration by offering practical peer and professional help and counseling through the sharing of information and experiences in a relaxed setting. The objective of this project, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was to establish at least 5 Baby Cafes in organizations that reach low-income women living in a high-need, racially/ethnically diverse, urban county with 1 of the lowest rates of breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity, and duration in New York. The New York State Department of Health partnered with the P(2) Collaborative of Western New York and United Way of Buffalo & Erie County's Healthy Start Healthy Future for All Coalition to facilitate the recruitment of 11 community-based agencies in Erie County, New York, to provide and/or enhance breastfeeding support. Six organizations were funded to establish licensed Baby Cafes, which provided skilled, free-of-charge, drop-in lactation support and counseling to mothers at easily accessible locations. The organizations provided staff training and staffing at the Baby Cafes, established coordinated hours of operation between all locations, and jointly marketed their services. Collectively, the 6 Baby Cafes provided 11 drop-in sessions per week. During the 7-month start-up time, mothers/babies made 276 visits and they averaged 75 visits per month, representing at least 150 clients. After the funding ended, 5 organizations continued to support and staff the Baby Cafes whereas 1 organization added another Baby Cafe. Future evaluation is needed to determine their effect on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration.
Culture and Quality Education in English Teaching

This paper approaches how to solve the urgent problem of carrying out culture and quality education in the English department according to its reality, present situation and characteristics. This paper also states as an example the basic ways of carrying out culture and quality education in Comprehensive English——one of the major courses of the English department.
FOCUS GROUPS REVEAL PERILS AND PROMISES OF MANAGED CARE FOR NURSE PRACTITIONERS

Decades of practice and research suggest that nurse practitioners (NPs) provide cost-effective and high-quality care. Managed care's emphasis on prevention and cost savings led some policy makers to view NPs as a way to meet the need for primary care providers. However, access to and utilization of NPs has increasingly been controlled by managed care organizations (MCOs) through their selection of providers for primary care panels. This study employed qualitative methodology to examine NPs' experiences with MCOs. Three focus groups, comprising 27 NPs in New York and Connecticut, revealed NPs' mixed reactions to managed care and a range of sentiments regarding NPs' efforts to be listed as primary care providers. The results reflected NPs' concerns about their perceived "invisibility," as well as their sense of "invincibility" in the ways in which NPs are responding to the barriers posed by MCOs. They identified barriers to, as well as ways to facilitate, being listed by MCOs, and described the importance of NPs working individually and collectively in negotiating with MCOs.
Spermatic Cord Sarcoma in adults

The clinical courses are presented for 6 patients with sarcoma of the spermatic cord seen between 1967 and 1976. There were 3 fibrosarcomas, 2 liposarcomas and 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, making the total reported cases of spermatic cord sarcoma 212. Management of spermatic cord sarcoma is discussed.
Genomics-Guided Immunotherapy of Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death in women with gynecologic cancer in the United States. It is the fifth most common cause of cancer death overall and in 2014, it is estimated that there will be over 21,000 new diagnoses and over 14,000 deaths from EOC. The incidence of EOC increases with age and is most prevalent in women in their 60s and 70s. The majority of these women (70%) will present with advanced stage disease (Stage III or IV) resulting in the overall poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of only 27%. Although treatment advances over the past two decades have extended the median survival to 65.6 months, most women will spend this time on multiple chemotherapy regimens and will succumb to their disease.
Bloom's Syndrome: Clinical Spectrum, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Cancer Predisposition.

Bloom's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, photosensitive skin changes, immune deficiency, insulin resistance, and a greatly increas
Impact of Nanostructuring on the Photoelectrochemical Performance of Si/Ta3N5 Nanowire Photoanodes

The nanostructuring of light-absorbing materials in photoelectrochemical applications can potentially improve the performance of charge transport limited semiconductors by increasing incident light absorption as well as the electrochemically active surface area. However, a drawback associated with an increase in electrode surface area is the increased effect of surface recombination on device performance. To understand the interplay of the positive and negative impacts of nanostructuring, we studied these effects by varying the nanowire length and thereby surface area on the photoelectrochemical performance of tandem core–shell Si/Ta3N5 photoanodes. Si/Ta3N5 nanowires of different lengths, 1.2–3.3 μm, were fabricated by changing the reactive ion etch duration by which the Si nanowires are formed and subsequently characterized by optical UV–vis reflectance measurements, effective charge carrier lifetime measurements, and photoelectrochemical ferrocyanide oxidation. Overall, we show that as the nanowire len...
Anatomical associations and radiological characteristics of Scimitar syndrome on CT and MR.

Abstract Purpose To report the anatomical associations and radiological characteristics of Scimitar syndrome on CT and MR. Materials and methods Retrospective review of the medical records between February 2001 and February 2016 was performed. To identify patients, radiological reports were queried for “Scimitar” or “partial anomalous pulmonary venous return.” Patients with radiological findings of Scimitar syndrome were included. Patients without cross-sectional imaging were excluded. Patients' demographics, radiologic images, and medical notes were reviewed. Two radiologists re-read the available imaging studies. Images were reviewed for Scimitar syndrome confirmation, number and location of Scimitar vein drainage, number of lobes drained by the Scimitar vein, and right pulmonary artery and lung hypoplasia. In addition, the number of pulmonary veins draining into the left atrium, left sided anomalous pulmonary veins, congenital heart disease, aortic arch anomalies, cardiac dextroposition, right ventricular enlargement, pulmonary artery enlargement, and elevated QP:QS ratios were identified. Other associated anomalies including the presence of an anomalous feeding artery and pulmonary sequestration, abnormal lobar pattern, localized bronchiectasis, horseshoe lung, accessory diaphragm, diaphragmatic hernia, vertebral anomalies, and genitourinary tract anomalies were reviewed. Results Sixteen patients (3 males, 13 females; mean age 39.5 years, range 14 days–72 years) with confirmed Scimitar syndrome on CT and MR imaging were identified. The Scimitar vein drained to the infra-diaphragmatic inferior vena cava (IVC) in ten patients and to the supra-diaphragmatic IVC in six patients. The most common associated anomalies were right ventricle enlargement (93.3%), variant lobar pattern of the right lung (92.9%), enlarged pulmonary arteries (60%), and cardiac dextroposition (50%). Conclusion Recognizing the radiologic characteristics and anatomical associations of Scimitar syndrome is important as features of the primary condition and associated anomalies may have implications in surgical management.
Compliance Plot Analysis of Nonlinear Response of PMMA During Nanoindentation

Application of nanoindentation testing to polymeric materials has produced linear viscoelastic properties with the hope of extending results to the nonlinear behavior range. Analysis has indicated that levels of stress well into the nonlinear range are present directly under the indenter. This paper examines how this high stress behavior can be characterized for PMMA material recently tested by nanoindentation. Although stress levels are low compared to many structural materials, a characterization by a compliance plot is made by analogy with the treatment used for metals and other elastic-plastic materials. It illustrates the nature of the stress build-up process during nanonidentation of this polymeric material.
Host Protection by Cell-Mediated and by Humoral Immunity in Malignancy

There is a complex and incomplete understanding of relationship between the immune system and malignancy. It is clear from many experimental systems that both cell-mediated immunity and the antibody-forming system can inhibit tumor development. There are also clinical data supporting such a host-protective function for immunity (3,6,12). However, the biological role of the immunological “surveillance” mechanisms in the development of spontaneous tumors remains to be determined (19). The surveillance concept was originally formulated with cell-mediated immunity in mind (24), however, it has become increasingly clear in the past years that the antibody forming system can also exert a powerful host-protective influence in vivo (9,15) and in vitro (8,17). The potential of the mononuclear phagocyte system alone, or in conjunction with other immunological defense mechanisms in tumor protection, is also well documented in these proceedings and elsewhere (5,10).
Evaluation of a Magnetite-Based Adsorption Process for the Recovery of Metals from Industrial Wastewaters

The objectives of the research were to evaluate a magnetite-based adsorption process as an alternative treatment technique for removing metals from industrial wastewaters. A composite adsorbent was prepared by precipitating ferrihydrite in a suspension of magnetite to produce a solid with a greater adsorption capacity than magnetite only. The adsorbent was used in a combined sorption, magnetic separation, and desorption process to recover Cr or Zn from solution. The process was effective, but performance decreased when the adsorbent was recycled. The results suggest that the relationship between the adsorbed metal and the coated magnetite changed with reuse and an increasing fraction of the Cr or Zn removed in each adsorption step became more tightly bound to the surface.
Are smallholder farmers better or worse off from an increase in the international price of cereals

Citation: Nakelse, T., Dalton, T. J., Hendricks, N. P., & Hodjo, M. (2018). Are smallholder farmers better or worse off from an increase in the international price of cereals? Food Policy, 79, 213–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.07.006