cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timing and Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients Who Underwent Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Limited data exist regarding the timing of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with coronary artery disease who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of patients who underwent TAVI and planned PCI according to the timing of PCI in relation to the TAVI. Consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI with planned PCI between January 2013 and November 2017 were included. Patients were divided according to the timing of PCI. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, defined as a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularization, and stroke. Among 1,756 patients who underwent TAVI, 258 patients underwent planned PCI either before TAVI (n = 143, 55.4%), concomitantly with TAVI (n = 77, 29.8%), or after TAVI (n = 38, 14.7%). All patients in the post-TAVI PCI group were treated using balloon-expandable valves, and neither hemodynamic instability during TAVI nor PCI-related complications were observed. In a multivariable analysis, the timing of PCI was not associated with 2-year major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events rate (concomitant vs pre-TAVI, hazard ratio [HR]: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52 to 1.66; p = 0.79; post- vs pre-TAVI, HR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.18 to 1.16; p = 0.10). In conclusion, there were no significant differences in terms of mid-term outcomes among pre-TAVI, concomitant, and post-TAVI PCI groups when the timing of PCI was carefully selected by heart team.
Finding Best PEEP: A Little at a Time.

PEEP confers benefit by recruiting atelectatic areas for gas exchange, increasing functional residual capacity, improving compliance, and elevating arterial oxygen tension. Conversely, unnecessary PEEP may encourage overdistention of lung units that are already open, thereby reducing compliance,
Comprehensive Analysis and Experimental Validation of 240 $^\circ$ -Clamped Space Vector PWM Technique Eliminating Zero States for EV Traction Inverters With Dynamic DC Link

A bus-clamping space vector pulsewidth modulation (PWM) called 240 $^\circ$ -clamped PWM (240CPWM) is analyzed for three-phase converters that have a cascaded connection of a dc–dc stage and a dc–ac stage. A direct application of the proposed concept is electric vehicle (EV) traction inverters that employ a dc–dc stage to interface a relatively low-voltage battery to a high-voltage motor. The 240CPWM method has the major advantages of clamping a phase to the positive or negative rail for 240 $^\circ$ in a fundamental period, clamping of two phases simultaneously at any given instant, and use of only active states, completely eliminating the use of zero states. These characteristics lead to more than seven times reduction in switching losses of the inverter at unity power factor compared to CSVPWM, comparable or better total harmonic distortion (THD) performance, significant reduction in common-mode voltage and high efficiency. The THD of the line current is analyzed using the notion of stator flux ripple and compared with conventional and discontinuous PWM methods. The switching loss characteristics under different power factor conditions are discussed. Experimental results from a 10-kW hardware prototype are presented. The full load efficiency with the proposed 240CPWM for the dc–ac stage exceeds 99% even with Si insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).
Identifying Novel Embedded Performance Validity Test Formulas Within the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status: a Simulation Study

While literature on performance validity tests (PVTs) in neuropsychological assessment has examined memory-based paradigms, other research has suggested that tests of attention, visuospatial ability, and language may also detect noncredible performance. Previous work has identified several PVTs in the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), though all of them emphasize memory-based subtests. This study sought to determine if PVT formulas can be derived from exclusively non-memory RBANS subtests (i.e., Figure Copy, Line Orientation, Picture Naming, Semantic Fluency, Digit Span, and Coding) using an analog simulation study. Seventy-two undergraduate participants (M age = 18.9) were assigned to either an asymptomatic (AS) group, which was instructed to perform optimally, or a simulated mild traumatic brain injury (S-mTBI) group, which received symptom and test coaching to help simulate mTBI-related impairment. Participants were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, including the RBANS and standalone PVTs. Differences were found between groups for all RBANS subtests of interest except Picture Naming. Five subtests showing meaningful group differences were entered as predictor variables as one set in logistic regressions (LR); raw and norm-based scores were considered separately. Both LRs accurately classified 90.3% of cases with good sensitivity (.89) while maintaining ideal specificity (.92). Two exponentiated equations were described from LR results, with both yielding good discriminability (AUCs = .94), generally comparable with other PVTs. These findings suggested that non-memory RBANS subtests may be sensitive to noncredible performance and reiterate the importance of considering tests of various cognitive abilities when assessing performance validity during neuropsychological assessment. Limitations of this study and directions for future inquiry, including necessity for validation in a clinical sample, were discussed.
Shoot and root biomass production in semi-arid shrublands exposed to long-term experimental N input

Abstract Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition has affected the primary production of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide; however, ecosystem responses often vary over time because of transient responses, interactions between N, precipitation, and/or other nutrients, and changes in plant species composition. Here we report N-induced changes in above- and below-ground standing crop and production over an 11-year period for two semi-arid shrublands, chaparral and coastal sage scrub (CSS), of Southern California. Shrubs were exposed to 50 kgN ha−1 in the fall of each year to simulate the accumulation of dry N deposition, and shoot and root biomass and leaf area index (LAI) were measured every 3 months to assess how biomass production responded to chronic, dry N inputs. N inputs significantly altered above- and below-ground standing crop, production, and LAI; however, N impacts varied over time. For chaparral, N inputs initially increased root production but suppressed shoot production; however, over time biomass partitioning reversed and plants exposed to N had significantly more shoot biomass. In CSS, N inputs caused aboveground production to increase only during wet years, and this interaction between added N and precipitation was due in part to a highly flexible growth response of CSS shrubs to increases in N and water availability and to a shift from slower-growing native shrubs to fast-growing introduced annuals. Together, these results indicate that long-term N inputs will lead to complex, spatially and temporally variable growth responses for these, and similar, Mediterranean-type shrublands.
The Pluto System After New Horizons

The New Horizons (NH) flyby of the Pluto–Charon binary planet and its system of four small surrounding satellites in mid-2015 revolutionized our knowledge of this distant planet and its moons. Beyo...
Perceived risk, attitudes, and behavior of cigarette smokers and nicotine vapers receiving buprenorphine treatment for opioid use disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of COVID-19 complications, reinforcing the urgency of smoking cessation in populations with high smoking prevalence such as individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). Whether the COVID-19 pandemic has altered perceptions, motivation to quit, or tobacco use among cigarette smokers and nicotine e-cigarette vapers with OUD is unknown. Methods A telephone survey was conducted in March-July 2020 of current cigarette smokers or nicotine vapers with OUD who were stable on buprenorphine treatment at five Boston (MA) area community health centers. The survey assessed respondents’ perceived risk of COVID-19 due to smoking or vaping, interest in quitting, quit attempts and change in tobacco consumption during the pandemic. Results 222/520 patients (43 %) completed the survey, and 145 were asked questions related to COVID-19. Of these, 61 % smoked cigarettes only, 13 % vaped nicotine only, and 26 % were dual users. Nearly 80 % of participants believed that smoking and vaping increased their risk of COVID-19 infection or complications. Smokers with this belief reported an increased interest in quitting (AOR 4.6, 95 % CI:1.7–12.4). Overall, 49 % of smokers and 42 % of vapers reported increased interest in quitting due to the pandemic; 24 % and 20 %, respectively, reported attempting to quit since the pandemic. However, 35 % of smokers and 27 % of vapers reported increasing smoking and vaping, respectively, during the pandemic. Conclusions Most patients with OUD believed that smoking and vaping increased their vulnerability to COVID-19, half reported increased interest in quitting, but others reported increasing smoking and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Struktur und Aufbau des Verzeichnisses

Die erfassten 334 Werke wurden zwolf Gruppen zugeordnet. Dabei enthalten die Werkgruppen I–VI die Instrumentalkompositionen Beeckes, die Werkgruppen VII–XII seine Vokalmusik. In beiden Bereichen wurden zunachst die zahlenmasig uberwiegenden Werke fur Klavier (bzw. mit einem obligaten Klavierpart) angefuhrt, erst dann folgen Kompositionen ohne Klavier. Ausgehend von den Kompositionen fur solistisches Tasteninstrument (bei den Instrumentalkompositionen mit Klavier) und den Werken fur drei Melodieinstrumente (als kleinste Gattung der Kompositionen ohne Klavier) erfolgte sodann die Einteilung in Werkgruppen nach ansteigender Besetzungsgrose.
A health consumer ontology of fast food information

A variety of severe health issues can be attributed to poor nutrition and poor eating behaviors. Research has explored the impact of nutritional knowledge on an individual’s inclination to purchase and consume certain foods. This paper introduces the Ontology of Fast Food Facts, a knowledge base that models consumer nutritional data from major fast food establishments. This artifact serves as an aggregate knowledge base to centralize nutritional information for consumers. As a semantically-linked data source, the Ontology of Fast Food Facts could engender methods and tools to further the research and impact the health consumers’ diet and behavior, which is a factor in many severe health outcomes. We describe the initial development of this ontology and future directions we plan with this knowledge base.
Long-term renal function outcomes after renal cryoablation complicated by major hemorrhage requiring selective transarterial embolization.

To determine long-term renal function outcomes after renal cryoablation complicated by major hemorrhage requiring transarterial embolization compared to patients who underwent uncomplicated renal cryoablation without major hemorrhage. Utilizing a matched cohort study design, retrospective review identified 23 patients who underwent percutaneous image-guided renal cryoablation complicated by major hemorrhage requiring ipsilateral transarterial embolization (TAE group) and a control group of 23 patients who underwent uncomplicated renal cryoablation matched 1:1 by age, gender and RENAL Nephrometry score at a single institution from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2019. Primary outcome parameters included change in creatinine (mg/dl) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2; eGFR) from baseline and were compared between TAE and control group using a paired t-test. There was a significantly higher proportion of patients on pre-ablation anticoagulation in the TAE v. control group (30% v. 4%; p = 0.047), but all patients were off anticoagulation and with normal coagulation parameters at the time of cryoablation. Otherwise there were no significant differences in clinical, renal tumor, Charlson co-morbidity index, baseline renal function or cryoablation parameters between the TAE and control group. In the post-ablation period, there was trend toward greater increase in creatinine from baseline to worst post-ablation creatinine in the TAE v. the control group (+ 0.5 ± 0.7 mg/dl v. 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dl; p = 0.056). However, at a mean follow-up of 42.7 ± 35.7 months, there was no significant difference between the TAE and control group in creatinine (p = 0.68), eGFR (p = 0.60) or change from baseline in creatinine (p = 0.28), eGFR (p = 0.80) or CKD stage (p = 0.74). No patient required initiation of hemodialysis. Selective transarterial embolization for post-renal cryoablation hemorrhage does not significantly affect long-term renal function compared to cryoablation alone. Pre-ablation anticoagulation despite normal coagulation at time of ablation may be a risk factor for post-ablation hemorrhage, and warrants further evaluation when considering pre-ablation embolization.
What Role May Intuitive Concepts about Chemical Ideas Play When Students Take Timed Tests

Psychologists have studied the question of what happens to naive or intuitive concepts about science that form before accepted scientific ideas have been taught. Studies find that both the accuracy and time required to decide about the accuracy of carefully crafted statements reveal remnants of intuitive models of science. This is true even after formal instruction has occurred and more accurate concepts have been accepted. How these extant ideas influence learning and attendant assessment may be worth further consideration by chemistry educators and education researchers.
Teaching ROI Analysis in an Era of Social Media

Measuring the financial performance of communication programs is essential, and ROI (return on investment) is the most important measure of financial performance. But university programs in adverti...
Amphilochidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from the Western Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

Two new species of Amphilochus, Amphilochus casahoya and Amphilochus delacaya, and one new species of Gifanopsis, Gitanopsis laguna, are described. Relationships within these genera, particularly Amphilochus, are difficult to determine. The new species, however, are similar to some eastern Pacific forms. One known species, Amphilochus neapoliranus is also reported as occurring in both the Gulf and Caribbean.
Complex Structures on the Tangent Bundle of Riemannian Manifolds

It is well known that any (paracompact) differentiable manifold M has a complexification, i.e., a complex manifold X ⊃ M, dimc X = dimℝ M, such that M is totally real in X (see Ref. 8). It is also known that a small neighborhood U of M in X is diffeomorphic to the tangent bundle TM of M. Thus, the tangent bundle TM of any differentiable manifold carries a complex manifold structure. This complex structure is, of course, not unique. One way of finding a “canonical” complex structure is to endow M with some extra structure and require that the complex structure on TM interact with the structure of M. Here we consider smooth (meaning infinitely differentiable) Riemannian manifolds M. When M = ℝ, there is a natural identification Tℝ ≅ ℂ given by $${{T}_{\sigma }}\mathbb{R} \mathrel\backepsilon \tau \frac{\partial }{{\partial \sigma }} \leftrightarrow \sigma + i\tau \in \mathbb{C},$$ (1.1) and this endows Tℝ with a complex structure. In (1.1) σ denotes the coordinate on R. This coordinate depends on the algebraic structure of the identification (1.1); however, the complex structure on Tℝ depends only on the metric of ℝ. In other words, an isometry of ℝ induces a biholomorphic mapping on Tℝ.
Optical monitoring of T Tauri stars

At the Van Vleck Observatory of Wesleyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, we have initiated a program of monitoring T Tauri stars with the 24-inch reflector (Perkin Telescope). During the first observing season, we have obtained UBVRI and Ha (30A and 150A) data for five stars: T Tau, RY Tau, SU Aur, RW Aur, and CO Ori. The data will be presented elsewhere (Herbst, Holtzman and Phelps, 1982). Here we report some of our conclusions.
Platform Competition: The Role of Multi-homing and Complementors

In this paper we present a model of platform competition in which two firms offer horizontally differentiated platforms and a group of complementors offers products that are complementary to each platform. Consumers can buy either or both platforms (single- or multihoming) and complementors can produce for either or both platforms (single- or multi-production). We first characterize the pricing structure and find that, in equilibrium, consumers are more likely to multihome as the differentiation of platforms decreases or as the number of complementors for either platform increases. We show that the platform and its complementors always benefit from an increase in the number of complementors in their own platform. When single-homing arises in equilibrium, the platform and its complementors suffer from an increase in the number of complementors in the rival platform. We also study the incentives of the platform to integrate with its complementors, to charge them a royalty or give a subsidy, and to sell its own complementary products to the rival platform.
Thermal-infrared detection of optical outflow sources in OMC-1 South

We present the first thermal-infrared imaging photometry for several embedded sources in the OMC-1 South cloud core in the Orion Nebula, and we propose that some of these drive the optical Herbig-Haro jets emerging from the region. Thermal-infrared images at 8.8 and 11.7 μm obtained at Gemini South show a handful of sources in OMC-1 South with no visual-wavelength counterparts, although a few can be seen in recent near-infrared data. For the three brightest mid-infrared sources, we also present 18.75 μm photometry obtained with the Keck telescope. The most prominent blueshifted outflows in the Orion Nebula at visual wavelengths, such as HH 202, HH 203/204, HH 529, and HH 269, all originate from OMC-1S. The brightest infrared source in OMC-1S at 11.7 μm is located at the base of the prominent jet that powers HH 202 and is likely to be the sought-after driver of this outflow. The second brightest infrared source is located at the base of the HH 529 jet. We consider the possibility that HH 203/204 and HH 269 trace parts of a single bent outflow from the third brightest infrared source. While there may be some lingering ambiguity about which infrared stars drive specific jets, there is now a sufficient number of embedded sources to plausibly account for the multiple outflows from OMC-1S.
Toxoplasma as a Model Apicomplexan Parasite: Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Beyond

More than twenty years ago, virologist Elmer Pfefferkorn recognised that the plaques formed following infection of mammalian host cell monolayers with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii should permit clonal isolation. Seeking to develop a genetic system suitable for the analysis of this intracellular pathogen, Pfefferkorn and his colleagues produced various mutant parasite lines. Carrying out classical genetic crosses (in cats, the definitive host for T. gondii), they demonstrated that tachyzoites are haploid, and that Mendelian segregation occurs through meiotic production of sporozoites within the oocyst (Pfefferkorn and Pfefferkorn, 1980). These investigators also exploited the ability of T. gondii to infect virtually any nucleated cell to develop somatic cell genetic approaches, infecting defined mammalian cell mutants to determine what wild-type and mutant parasites can do for themselves, and what they require from their host (Pfefferkorn et al., 1983).
Active Suppression of the Pulmonary Immune Response by Francisella tularensis Schu4

Francisella tularensis is an obligate, intracellular bacterium that causes acute, lethal disease following inhalation. As an intracellular pathogen F. tularensis must invade cells, replicate, and disseminate while evading host immune responses. The mechanisms by which virulent type A strains of Francisella tularensis accomplish this evasion are not understood. Francisella tularensis has been shown to target multiple cell types in the lung following aerosol infection, including dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. We demonstrate here that one mechanism used by a virulent type A strain of F. tularensis (Schu4) to evade early detection is by the induction of overwhelming immunosuppression at the site of infection, the lung. Following infection and replication in multiple pulmonary cell types, Schu4 failed to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines or increase the expression of MHCII or CD86 on the surface of resident DC within the first few days of disease. However, Schu4 did induce early and transient production of TGF-beta, a potent immunosuppressive cytokine. The absence of DC activation following infection could not be attributed to the apoptosis of pulmonary cells, because there were minimal differences in either annexin or cleaved caspase-3 staining in infected mice compared with that in uninfected controls. Rather, we demonstrate that Schu4 actively suppressed in vivo responses to secondary stimuli (LPS), e.g., failure to recruit granulocytes/monocytes and stimulate resident DC. Thus, unlike attenuated strains of F. tularensis, Schu4 induced broad immunosuppression within the first few days after aerosol infection. This difference may explain the increased virulence of type A strains compared with their more attenuated counterparts.
Reactions of Mixture of Oxygenates Found in Pyrolysis Vapors: Deoxygenation of Hydroxyacetaldehyde and Guaiacol Catalyzed by HZSM-5

Pyrolysis is a promising thermochemical process to convert lignocellulosic biomass to renewable biofuel. Much research has been conducted on the catalytic upgrading of either vapors derived from whole biomass scale or on individual model oxygenates. However, not many studies investigated the upgrading and deoxygenation of a mixture of several oxygenates. In this study, we use a combination of techniques to probe the reactions of guaiacol and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HAA) on HZSM-5, their diffusion inside the zeolite catalyst pores, and the extractable products. The techniques we used included several NMR methods, gas chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR). In nitrogen at 280 °C with HZSM-5 catalyst, HAA decomposes, cyclizes to form aromatics and phenolic compounds, as well as produces coke. Under the same conditions, guaiacol neither reacts nor forms coke. When the two molecules are present together at 280 °C, their reaction pathways are independent of each other. For HAA at 480 °C, the quantity of aromatics produced is much higher than at 280 °C. At 480 °C guaiacol forms mostly substituted phenolics, BTEX type molecules, and coke. When guaiacol and HAA are mixed together at 480 °C, the amount of coke formed is slightly higher while the aromatics produced in the form of toluene, naphthalene, and their substituted compounds are substantially higher than that can be predicted by simple summation of products in individual cases. After reactions with guaiacol alone or a mixture containing both guaiacol and HAA, the available micropore surface area decreased to zero, indicating plugging of the pores or blocking of pore entrance. However, in both cases the guaiacol and phenolics can be desorbed in an N2 atmosphere at a relatively low temperature range of 100–200 °C. Diffusion measurements indicate that size has a large effect on the pore diffusion coefficients of different oxygen molecules. After coke forms on the catalyst the diffusion coefficients of larger molecules such as guaiacol are affected more significantly than diffusion of small molecules such as water and methanol.
3L fitting of higher degree implicit polynomials

Implicit polynomial 2D curves and 3D surfaces are potentially among the most useful object or data representations for use in computer vision and image analysis. This is because of their interpolation property, Euclidean and affine invariants, and Bayesian recognizers. The paper studies and compares various fitting algorithms in a unified framework of stability analysis. It presents a new robust 3L fitting method that is repeatable, numerically stable and computationally fast and can be used for high degree implicit polynomials to capture complex object structure. With this, the authors lay down a foundation that enables a technology based on implicit polynomial curves and surfaces for applications in indexing into pictorial databases, robot vision, CAD for free-form shapes, etc.
Regulation of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium: the effect of hisU on repression control.

Abstract The control of isoleucine and valine biosynthesis was examined in a hisU mutant of Salmonella typhimurium. It was found that the levels of expression of the ilvEDA operon and the ilvC gene were significantly reduced relative to an isogenic normal strain when grown in unsupplemented medium. In contrast, this hisU mutant exhibited only a slight reduction in total acetohydroxy acid synthase activity relative to that of the wild type. The hisU and hisU+ strains were examined to determine their derepressibility upon either leucine, valine or isoleucine limitation. Only during leucine limitation did the hisU strain exhibit impaired derepressibility relative to the hisU+ strain. In addition, repression control of threonine deaminase (the ilvA product of the ilvEDA operon) in this hisU mutant was refractory to exogenous supplementation with either leucine or valine. This response is in distinct contrast to that of the normal strain, in which the single addition of leucine or valine results in a significant reduction in the level of threonine deaminase.
Teichmüller theory and critically finite endomorphisms

Abstract We present a systematic way to generate critically finite endomorphisms of P n . These maps arise in the context of Teichmuller theory, specifically in Thurstonʼs topological characterization of rational maps. The dynamical objects for the endomorphisms correspond to central objects from Thurstonʼs theorem. Our theorems build infinitely many of these endomorphisms; in fact, a large number of examples of critically finite endomorphisms of P n found in the literature arise from this construction.
Fetal wound repair results in scar formation in interleukin-10-deficient mice in a syngeneic murine model of scarless fetal wound repair.

Abstract Background: Fetal dermal wound healing is characterized by minimal inflammation, restoration of normal dermal architecture, and scarless repair. The authors have shown that proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) are diminished during fetal wound repair. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokine that decreases production of IL-6 and IL-8. The authors hypothesized that diminished IL-6 and IL-8 and minimal inflammation may be caused by IL-10. Methods: To test this hypothesis, the authors developed a new syngeneic murine model of fetal wound repair in which 15-day-gestation skin from either normal C57BL/6 or transgenic C57BL/6 IL-10 knockout mice was grafted to the back of the same strain adult mice. The grafts were incisionally wounded after 5 days, harvested at 1 week, and analyzed for inflammatory response and scar formation. Results: Wounds in normal fetal skin grafts showed minimal inflammation and normal dermal reticular collagen pattern at the site of the wound, consistent with scarless repair. In contrast, wounds in IL-10 knockout fetal skin grafts showed significant inflammation and scar formation. Conclusions: Fetal skin grafts on adult syngeneic mice heal without inflammation or scar formation. The absence of IL-10 in fetal skin results in scar formation. Intrinsic lack of IL-10 may result in continued amplification of the inflammatory cytokine cascade, continued stimulation of fibroblasts, and abnormal collagen deposition. IL-10 is necessary for scarless wound repair to occur. J Pediatr Surg 35:866-873. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Simultaneous Reactions on a Rotating-Disk Electrode

Abstract Multiple reactions at a rotating-disk electrode are modeled. The governing equations are used to generate a parameter which characterizes the effect of a side reaction on the limiting-current curve of a main reaction. Various predicted current-potential curves illustrate the importance of this parameter for copper deposition with simultaneous formation of dissolved hydrogen at a disk electrode rotating in a copper sulfate solution containing sulfuric acid. Distributions of current, potential, and surface concentration on the disk indicate that in some cases the main reaction can be below its limiting rate at the center of the disk while hydrogen gas bubbles may be formed near the edge. In addition, predicted and measured limiting-current curves for this system are compared.
Measurement and Prediction of Traffic-Induced Turbulence and Velocity Fields Near Roadways

Abstract The primary objectives of this investigation are to determine the temporal and spacial resolution needed to adequately measure vehicle wake turbulence and the characteristics of turbulence near roadways using the knowledge gained in the General Motors (GM) Sulfate Dispersion Experiment, the Long Island (LI) Expressway Diffusion Experiments and wind tunnel experiments. Observed wind velocity fluctuations at a fixed point near a roadway are due to three distinct causes: wake turbulence, ambient turbulence and the time variation in the wind velocity as a vehicle's wake passes the observation point, hereafter referred to as wake-passing effect. The wake-passing effect can be separated in the data from the ambient and vehicle wake turbulence because of the special spacing and timing of vehicles used in the GM experiment. The measured wake-passing effect is then compared with vehicle wake model predictions. The wake-passing effect, which is shown to constitute a significant portion of the measurable ve...
Some aspects of analysis of variance and covariance theory for a certain multivariate complex gaussian distribution

In this paper we consider some aspects of analysis of variance and covariance theory for the complex normal distribution introduced byGoodman (1963). The properties which we consider are similar to those in the real case.Goodman (1963), andKhatri (1965) have studied several other properties of the complex normal model and have pointed out the similarity between the real and the complex case.
Clinical course and surgical management of massive cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE Acute occlusion of the proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) can lead to rapid development of fatal brain swelling and ischemic strokes. Decompressive surgery, if performed early in this subpopulation of patients, can reduce mortality and result in a favorable outcome. In this article, we describe our surgical approach for treating malignant MCA syndrome and compare it with other management strategies. METHODS This is a retrospective review of patients who developed acute occlusion of the proximal MCA and underwent aggressive surgical decompression (large craniectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, resection of infarcted tissue, and duraplasty). The outcome of this management strategy is compared with the previously published outcomes of hemicraniectomy and dural augmentation. RESULTS Twelve patients were included in the study. The group consisted of six men and six women (mean age, 46.8 yr). Nine patients had right MCA stroke, and three had left MCA infarction. The causes of the strokes were cardioembolic, iatrogenic, small-vessel occlusive disease, and others. The interval between infarction and clinical evidence of herniation varied from 24 hours to 10 days. Two patients died, five were independent or had moderate disabilities, and five had severe disability. CONCLUSION Surgical decompression consisting of a large craniectomy, anterior temporal lobectomy, resection of infarcted tissue, and duraplasty is beneficial to a significant number of patients with massive MCA stroke and clinical signs of herniation.
Structures and properties of ferromagnetically coupled bis(μ-halo)diiron(II) complexes

Abstract Three bis(μ-halo)diferrous complexes, [Fe2(TLA)2F2](BF4)2 (1), [Fe2(TMPzA)2Cl2](BPh4)2 (2) and [Fe2(TPA)2Cl2](BPh4)2 (3), have been synthesized and crystallographically characterized. The crystallographic data are as follows: 1, triclinic system, space group P 1 (No. 2), with cell dimensions a=8.746(7), b=11.386(4), c=12.018(6) A, α=64.44(3), β=81.54(5), γ=87.90(5)°, V=1067(2) A3, R=0.046, Rw=0.063; 2, triclinic system, space group P 1 (No. 2), with cell dimensions a=10.440(5), b=11.610(8), c=16.98(1) A, α=77.55(6), β=79.63(5), γ=88.90(5)°, V=1977(4) A3, R=0.042, Rw=0.050; 3, monoclinic system, space group C2/c (No. 15), with cell dimensions a=19.211(6), b=15.264(9), c=24.52(2) A, β=105.57(3)°, V=6926(4) A3, R=0.049, Rw=0.053. All three complexes have Fe2X2 cores with FeFe distances of 3.198(3) A for 1, 3.563(3) A for 2 and 3.494(3) A for 3, and FeXFe angles of 101.72(9)° for 1, 91.94(6)° for 2 and 90.67(3)° for 3. Magnetization studies over the temperature range of 2 to 200 K indicate that the high spin ferrous centers are ferromagnetically coupled in all three complexes. The parameter sets of the best fit (Hex=JS1·S2) are for 1: J=−1.2(2) cm−1, ¦Di¦=7.2(5) cm−1, gi=2.12(3); for 2: J=−2.6(2) cm−1, ¦Di¦=7.2(5) cm−1, gi=2.15(3); and for 3: J=−10.0(2) cm−1, ¦Di¦=13.2(5) cm−1, gi=2.15(3). The EPR signals near g=18 also indicate ferromagnetic coupling between the iron(II) centers.
C3-Independent Glomerulonephritis in Guinea Pigs: Dependence upon Primary Humoral Response

We used C3-deficient (C3D) guinea pigs to evaluate the role of C3 in an active model of experimental nephritis. Normal strain 2 (C3N, n = 13) and C3D (n = 6) guinea pigs were immunized with cationized bovine γ-globulin (CBGG). Fourteen days later (Day 0), daily intravenous injections of CBGG were given for 3 to 7 days and the animals were sacrificed on Day 10 or 21. Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy of renal tissue revealed two patterns of glomerular IgG deposition: granular loop (11/13 C3N, 3/6 C3D), and predominantly mesangial (2/13 C3N, 3/6 C3D). Codeposited C3 was seen in all C3N and in no C3D animals. Electron microscopy showed subepithelial deposits in all. A significant correlation (P < 0.005) was seen between an animal's IF pattern and its level of serum antibodies to CBGG; those with lower antibody levels exhibited the mesangial pattern. C3D animals had lower mean antibody levels than C3N (P < 0.01), but both IF patterns were represented. Urine protein concentration, which was increased relative to controls, did not differ between C3N and C3D groups, but was significantly greater in those with loop IF. Serum albumin was significantly reduced in animals with loop IF. C3N animals showed a significant reduction in mean serum C3. In this model, immune deposit location and degree of proteinuria are independent of C3 deposition and dependent upon the level of antibody response to CBGG. Induction of antibody to CBGG is impaired in the absence of C3.
The politics of authenticity : liberalism, Christianity, and the New Left in America

In the 1960s a left-wing movement emerged in the United States that not only crusaded against social and economic exploitation, but also confronted the problem of personal alienation in everyday life. These new radicals - young, white, raised in relative affluence - struggled for peace, equality and social justice. Their struggle was cultural as well as political, a search for meaning and authenticity that marked a new phase in the long history of American radicalism. This text tells the story of the new left, illustrating the spiritual dimension of student activism. The author provides an account of how this radical movement developed in a campus environment - the University of Texas at Austin, one of the most important new left centres in the United States - while linking local developments to the national scene. Rossinow argues that the movement was deeply entwined with a personal quest for authenticity. This search reached a fever pitch during the decades of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s as a moral imperative that intersected with the struggle for social justice. He shows the continuity between the religious search for meaning in the 1950s and the secular search for wholeness and realness in the new left and the counterculture. Rossinow also demonstrates the pivotal role played by the civil rights movement in forging these connections in the minds of white American youth and explains the new left's role as a force acting on its own to foment rebellion in white America. This study links the diverse strands of radical movements, from women's liberation to civil rights. Rossinow revises traditional images of radicalism and offers fresh insights on the gendered nature of the search for authenticity, and the reaction of feminists to issues of masculinity among radical men.
Detection of Changes in the Characteristics of a Gauss-Markov Process

By an extension to the theory of sequential detection with dependent measurements, it is possible to develop a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) to detect changes in regime in a Gauss-Markov process rather than detecting which of the two regimes exists. It is shown how a posterior form of this extended SPRT may be simplified to reduce computational complexity. The simplified SPRT's are in fact modifications of the original SPRT detecting the regime and not the change. The tests are applied to the problem of fault detection in a gyro navigational system; the results of a detailed computer simulation are given.
Service Failure, Tipping Behavior, and the Effect of Service Industry Experience

The relationship between tipping and the service provided is not always linear. Factors such as demographic profile of the consumer, industry norms, and social norms affect the amount of tip. Results from the current study reveal that tipping varies when service failure occurs due to servers’ fault or organizational failure. Consumers with prior professional experience in the restaurant industry can distinguish between causes of failure, and tip accordingly. Consumers with prior professional restaurant experience were found to tip significantly more than those consumers that do not have prior hospitality experience. Tip rates for service failure due to organization failure tend to be higher compared with the service failure due to servers’ mistakes indicating that consumers do not penalize a server when the organization has caused the service failure.
Early Childhood Teacher Preparation: Using the Co-Teaching Model

Previous research shows that co-teaching during the student teaching practicum should be the model used by colleges and universities. This researcher used an open-ended questionnaire, a Likert-type scale survey, and individual conferences to ascertain teacher candidates’, cooperating teachers’, and university supervisors’ perceptions of the co-teaching model’s benefits, or lack thereof. The twenty-nine student teachers surveyed represent a private university and earned degrees in early childhood special education. The teacher candidates, cooperating teachers, and university supervisors are hired by the university and are experts in the aforementioned field of education. Findings reveal that pre-teacher candidates, university supervisors, and cooperating teachers all believe that mentoring during student teaching using the co-teaching model is beneficial for both the pre-teacher candidates and students in the classroom if proper professional development is offered and continuous and ongoing reflection and planning take place.
Free Falling Trojan-like Wavepackets on Triangular Orbits in Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields

We discover that under the fine parameters tuning the free fall of the electron in the Coulomb, magnetic and the polarized electromagnetic fields results in the existence of non-dispersing wave packets moving on triangular trajectories.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ORIENTATION TOWARD RETIREMENT FROM PAID LABOR

Recent studies have reported gender differences in older workers' orientations toward retirement, with women expressing less favorable views. This study of 557 women and 245 men in their 60s, not currently married, showed that previously married women, who often face a poor financial situation in retirement, were less likely than previously married men to agree that older workers should retire and also were less likely to define themselves as retirees. Never-married women and men did not differ on these measures of retirement orientation, but they did differ on a more general measure of well-being, with the women holding a more positive attitude toward life in retirement. This article concludes that differences in women's and men's occupational and economic circumstances are responsible in part for gender differences reported in the retirement literature, but in addition, marital circumstances also exert an important influence. Thus retirement policies based solely on gender seem unwarranted.
The development of health protective behaviors among college students

This study uses structural equation modeling and a panel design to explain participation in health protective behavior (HPB) among college students. The direct, indirect, and total effects of gender, social influences (parental and peer behavior), social attachments (activity involvement, social support, and romantic involvement), social triggers (personal health, acute illnesses, and personal or family health crisis), health value, and effort to improve health behavior on HPB are examined. A path model with a high goodness of fit and an R2 of. 418 shows that gender, health value, and effort to change health behaviors are the most powerful predictors of HPB participation, while parents and peers influence HPB indirectly through influence on health value and effort to change. Neither the social attachment nor social trigger items influenced HPB in this sample. Implications of these findings are discussed.
In vivo demyelination by antimyelin antibodies.

Central nervous system (CNS) myelinspecific antiserum was capable of initiating primary demyelination within 24 h following injection into the dorsal column of guinea pig spinal cord. Control serum injected in the same manner did not produce demyelination. The demyelinating lesions occurred as local linear plaques of completely denuded intact axons surrounded by partially demyelinated and myelinated normal axons. Antiserum-mediated demyelination was followed by mononuclear cell infiltration 7–10 days later. Ultrastructural examination revealed vesiculation of myelin followed by cleavage of myelin lamellae at the intraperiod line. Remyelination began between 7 and 10 days following injection and correlated well with clinical evidence of recovery. The results of this study point to the importance of circulating autimyelin antibodies in the pathogenesis of demyelinating encephalitis. The model represents an in vivo approach to the study of the pathogenesis of immune-mediated myelinolysis in demyelinating disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS), subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), and canine distemper encephalitis (CDE).
Nanosecond dynamics of the R-->T transition in hemoglobin: ultraviolet Raman studies

Pulse-probe transient Raman spectroscopy, with probe excitation at 230 nanometers, reveals changes in signals arising from tyrosine and tryptophan residues of the hemoglobin molecule as it moves from the relaxed (R) to the tense (T) state after photodeligation. Signals associated with intersubunit contacts in the T state develop in about 10 microseconds but are preceded by quite different signals, which reach maximum amplitude in about 50 nanoseconds. These signals involve the interior tryptophan residues that bridge the A and E helices by means of H bonds between the indole rings and serine or threonine side chains. Alterations of the H bond strengths, as a result of interhelix motions, can account for the signals. A model is proposed here in which loss of the ligand from the heme binding pocket is concerted with inward motion of the adjacent E helix; this motion, along with a complementary motion of the proximal F helix, transmits the energy associated with heme deligation to the subunit interfaces, leading to the T state rearrangement.
Diffraction of X‐rays by aluminum dilaurate and aluminum distearate

The aluminum di-soaps appear to have a crystal structure analogous to the sodium soaps, that is, the metal atoms are arranged in a double layer from which the fatty acid radicals extend in opposite directions, end to end. Hence in the aluminum di-soaps the two acid radicals attached to any aluminum atom lie side by side. Aluminum di-soaps produced by precipitation and extraction at higher temperatures have a monoclinic angle of 48°. Those produced at low temperature and extracted at low temperature have a higher value, β, of 60°.
Decision-Centric Traceability of architectural concerns

We present an architecture-centric approach for achieving traceability between stakeholders' quality concerns, architecturally significant requirements, design rationales, and source code. In Decision-Centric Traceability (DCT), all trace links are focused around architectural decisions that include factors as varied as platforms, languages, frameworks, patterns, and lower-level architectural tactics. We show how DCT supports critical software engineering activities such as safety-case construction, impact analysis, stakeholder satisfaction analysis, requirements validation, and architectural preservation. Our approach is illustrated and validated with examples drawn from the architectural decisions and subsequent design of the TraceLab project funded by the US National Science Foundation under a Major Research Infrastructure grant.
Urban Latino school children's physical activity correlates and daily physical activity participation: A social cognitive approach

Guided by Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986), this study investigated the relationships between urban Latino children's physical activity (PA) correlates and their daily PA levels. The participants were 120 Latino children recruited from an urban elementary school. They completed questionnaires assessing their PA correlates (self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, social support, and physical and social environmental factor) and their one-week PA levels were measured by accelerometers. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between children's PA correlates and daily PA levels. Correlation analyses indicated that children's self-efficacy, social support, and physical and social environmental factor were positively related to their PA levels. Regression analyses further yielded that children's self-efficacy and social support emerged as significant contributors of their daily PA levels. However, outcome expectancy and physical and social environmental factor failed to predict PA levels. The findings were discussed in regard to the implications for practice and areas for future research.
Culture as a Decision Variable for Designing Computer Software

Computer software design generally follows a systematic process that addresses decisions on variables known to influence learning success. We propose that culture should be included as part of this...
Measurement of the lifetime of the c 3 Pi u state of molecular nitrogen by the delayed coincidence method

Abstract An electron gun generating electron pulses with sub-nanosecond fall times is used in conjunction with a fast photon detector to measure the lifetime of the c 3 Π u state of N 2 by the delayed coincidence method at impact energies close to threshold. The measured value of the lifetime is 39.2 ± 2 nsec .