cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF INCISIVE CANAL CYSTS: 2-D VS 3-D IMAGING. HAVE WE LEARNT ANYTHING NEW?

Background Incisive canal cysts, also known as nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs), are developmental, nonneoplastic cysts arising from degeneration of nasopalatine ducts. They are considered the most common nonodontogenic cysts. They are usually discovered incidentally; they can occur at any age but are most commonly reported to occur in 4th to 6th decades, have a male predominance, and affect approximately 1% of the population. Objective(s) The aim of this study was to compare the radiographic features of nasopalatine duct cysts on 2-D periapical radiographs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to understand the value of addition of 3-D imaging in the diagnosis and treatment planning of these cysts. Study Design 17 cases of histopathologically confirmed incisive canal cysts were evaluated in this study. Periapical radiographs and CBCT scans of these patients were evaluated by an oral radiology resident and a board certified oral radiologist. Results In all cases, incisive canal cysts were seen as a solitary, well-defined, oval or round, unilocular radiolucency located between the central incisors. The size varied but was larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. The 2-D images did not always confirm the diagnosis; at least 12 cases were reported as possible cysts but needed 3-dimensional (3-D) imaging for confirmation. Analyzing the same cases on CBCT scans confirmed the diagnosis. CBCT examination showed that mesiodistal extent and importantly buccolingual expansion could be evaluated. Precise measurements could be calculated to plan for surgery. In 6 cases, root resorption or tooth displacement could be seen as an additional feature on 3-D imaging. The effects of these cysts on adjacent structures, including thinning and perforation of the buccal cortical plates, could be evaluated. Discussion/Conclusions The value of adding 3-D imaging compared with 2-D imaging alone was in confirming the radiographic diagnosis, evaluation of the extent of the cysts, especially the buccolingual dimensions, and the effects on adjacent structures.
Defining the genetic evolution of epigenetic alterations in bladder cancer.

529Background: Large-scale efforts have sought to define the genomic landscape of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder with the goal of identifying novel therapeutic targets. Many bladder cancers h...
Watching porn: and other confessions of an adult entertainment journalist

There are not many journalists who can say that a DVD review of East Coast ASSault launched their professional writing careers, but feminist writer Lynsey G. can. In Watching Porn: And Other Confes...
R-DOTAP (Versamune): A novel enantiospecific cationic lipid nanoparticle that induces CD4 and CD8 cellular immune responses to whole protein and tumor-specific peptide antigens.

e15211Background: Immunotherapy approaches are limited in their ability to induce antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo able to recognize and kill tumor cells. We developed a novel immunotherapy ap...
1881-P: Separate Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Pools Are Involved in Muscle Lipid Utilization

Despite discrepant phenotypes, the insulin resistant (IR) and trained states have high levels of intramyocellular lipid. We hypothesize that higher muscle lipid turnover in the trained state may explain this discrepancy. Obese, IR subjects and trained subjects were fasted overnight (Table1). To characterize muscle lipid turnover, we conducted a pulse-chase experiment using sequential [U-13C]palmitate and [9-2H]palmitate infusions (6 h each) with a 1 hour overlap to label endogenous and exogenous FFA pools. Biopsy#1 (Bx#1 -s/p 14 hr fast) was performed at the time of the overlap (last hour of the 6 h [U-13C]palmitate infusion, after 1 h of starting the [9-2H]palmitate). Bx#2 was performed at the study conclusion (last hour of the [9-2H]palmitate infusion-s/p 20 hr fast). Plasma and muscle samples were analyzed for palmitate enrichment and concentration. Regardless of phenotype, muscle triglyceride (IMTG) synthesis at Bx#1 was not different as assessed by either [U-13C]palmitate or [9-2H]palmitate; IMTG synthesis assessed by [9-2H]palmitate was 9-fold higher than [U-13C]palmitate. At Bx#2, IMTG breakdown as assessed by [U-13C]palmitate was similar between groups, whereas [9-2H]palmitate showed IMTG synthesis in the obese, IR group and IMTG breakdown in the trained group. IMTG synthesis was higher with recent (1 hour) FFA exposure than more prolonged (6 hour) FFA exposure supporting separate FFA pools in lipid utilization. Disclosure L.S. Chow: None. D.G. Mashek: None. M.D. Jensen: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (R01DK098203, UL1TR000114)
The Efficacy of Hydrogen Peroxide in Mitigating Cyanobacterial Blooms and Altering Microbial Communities across Four Lakes in NY, USA.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been proposed as an agent to mitigate toxic cyanobacterial blooms due to the heightened sensitivity of cyanobacteria to reactive oxygen species relative to eukaryotic organisms. Here, experiments were conducted using water from four diverse, eutrophic lake ecosystems to study the effects of H2O2 on cyanobacteria and non-target members of the microbial community. H2O2 was administered at 4 µg L−1 and a combination of fluorometry, microscopy, flow cytometry, and high throughput DNA sequencing were used to quantify the effects on eukaryotic and prokaryotic plankton communities. The addition of H2O2 resulted in a significant reduction in cyanobacteria levels in nearly all experiments (10 of 11), reducing their relative abundance from, on average, 85% to 29% of the total phytoplankton community with Planktothrix being highly sensitive, Microcystis being moderately sensitive, and Cylindrospermopsis being most resistant. Concurrently, eukaryotic algal levels increased in 75% of experiments. The bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia were most negatively impacted by H2O2, with Actinobacteria being the most sensitive. The ability of H2O2 to reduce, but not fully eliminate, cyanobacteria from the eutrophic water bodies studied here suggests it may not be an ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems.
Defining an “Acceptable Risk Threshold”: Who Should Be the First Kidney Xenotransplant Recipient?

Allotransplantation has been established as the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This extraordinary medical and surgical feat requires a source of donor kidneys for transplantation. Despite global efforts to increase the number of donors, and therefore kidneys for transplant, deceased donation supplies less than 10% of the need and thousands die each year waiting. Early data suggest xenotransplantation, in which a modified/humanized pig xenograft is utilized for human transplantation, is within arm’s reach of solving a global crisis. The next logical step is “who should be the first xenotransplant recipient?” Herein we outline the need to define an acceptable risk threshold by balancing medicine’s paternalism with patient autonomy and review three possible patient scenarios.
Two-stage Neoscrotum Reconstruction Using Porcine Bladder Extracellular Matrix after Fournier's Gangrene.

Fournier's gangrene is a life-threatening infection. Survivors can be left with significant deformity of their external genitalia. We present our technique for restoring a more normal appearance to the scrotum. Methods A 2-stage orchiopexy and scrotoplasty are performed. At the first stage, the testicles are delivered to their anatomic place and sutured together. Xenograft powder and wound matrix are used to stimulate a granulation response. After 2-3 weeks, split-thickness skin grafting is performed to create a neoscrotum. This is protected for 1 week with negative pressure wound therapy. Postoperatively, the scrotum is protected with nonstick dressings to prevent synechiae to the perineum. Results Two to three weeks after product application, a robust granulation tissue bed can be seen, which is very receptive to a meshed skin graft scrotal pouch. Circumferential negative pressure wound therapy is safe and prevents synechiae of the scrotum to perineum. The scrotum healed without issue and demonstrated an acceptable aesthetic result. Conclusions This technique produces a near-normal appearing scrotum in the normal anatomic position for the testicles. The porcine xenograft material incites an intense granulation reaction, producing a wound bed amenable to accept a skin graft at 2-3 weeks. This 2-stage procedure to create a neoscrotum can be considered for the reconstruction of disfigured genitalia from Fournier's gangrene wounds.
Conclave: secure multi-party computation on big data

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) allows mutually distrusting parties to run joint computations without revealing private data. Current MPC algorithms scale poorly with data size, which makes MPC on "big data" prohibitively slow and inhibits its practical use. Many relational analytics queries can maintain MPC's end-to-end security guarantee without using cryptographic MPC techniques for all operations. Conclave is a query compiler that accelerates such queries by transforming them into a combination of data-parallel, local cleartext processing and small MPC steps. When parties trust others with specific subsets of the data, Conclave applies new hybrid MPC-cleartext protocols to run additional steps outside of MPC and improve scalability further. Our Conclave prototype generates code for cleartext processing in Python and Spark, and for secure MPC using the Sharemind and Obliv-C frameworks. Conclave scales to data sets between three and six orders of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art MPC frameworks support on their own. Thanks to its hybrid protocols and additional optimizations, Conclave also substantially outperforms SMCQL, the most similar existing system.
Substratum stiffness tunes membrane voltage in mammary epithelial cells

Membrane voltage (Vm) plays a critical role in the regulation of several cellular behaviors, including proliferation, apoptosis and phenotypic plasticity. Many of these behaviors are affected by the stiffness of the underlying extracellular matrix, but the connections between Vm and the mechanical properties of the microenvironment are unclear. Here, we investigated the relationship between matrix stiffness and Vm by culturing mammary epithelial cells on synthetic substrata, the stiffnesses of which mimicked those of the normal mammary gland and breast tumors. Although proliferation is associated with depolarization, we surprisingly observed that cells are hyperpolarized when cultured on stiff substrata, a microenvironmental condition that enhances proliferation. Accordingly, we found that Vm becomes depolarized as stiffness decreases, in a manner dependent on intracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, inhibiting Ca2+-gated Cl- currents attenuates the effects of substratum stiffness on Vm. Specifically, we uncovered a role for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the regulation of Vm by substratum stiffness. Taken together, these results suggest a novel role for CFTR and membrane voltage in the response of mammary epithelial cells to their mechanical microenvironment.
Corporeal Reflexivity and Autism

Ethnographic video recordings of high functioning children with autism or Aspergers Syndrome in everyday social encounters evidence their first person perspectives. High quality visual and audio data allow detailed analysis of children's bodies and talk as loci of reflexivity. Corporeal reflexivity involves displays of awareness of one's body as an experiencing subject and a physical object accessible to the gaze of others. Gaze, demeanor, actions, and sotto voce commentaries on unfolding situations indicate a range of moment-by-moment reflexive responses to social situations. Autism is associated with neurologically based motor problems (e.g. delayed action-goal coordination, clumsiness) and highly repetitive movements to self-soothe. These behaviors can provoke derision among classmates at school. Focusing on a 9-year-old girl's encounters with peers on the playground, this study documents precisely how autistic children can become enmeshed as unwitting objects of stigma and how they reflect upon their social rejection as it transpires. Children with autism spectrum disorders in laboratory settings manifest diminished understandings of social emotions such as embarrassment, as part of a more general impairment in social perspective-taking. Video ethnography, however, takes us further, into discovering autistic children's subjective sense of vulnerability to the gaze of classmates.
A Rapid Hierarchical Radiosity Algorithm for Unoccluded Environments

This paper presents a linear-time radiosity algorithm for scenes containing large mutually unoccluded polygonal patches. It subdivides pairs of patches adaptively to build a hierarchical data structure with n elements at the leaves, and it encodes all the light transport between component polygonal elements. Given a required numerical precision, determined by the specified bounds for maximum solid angle F e and minimum area A e , our algorithm reduces the number of form factor calculations and interactions to 0(n) in the worst case and \(\sqrt {O\left( n \right)} \) in the best case. Standard techniques for shooting and gathering can then be used with the data structure. The best previous radiosity algorithms represented the element-to-element transport interactions with n 2 form factors.
Non-Iterative Computation of the Infimum in H ∞ -Optimization for Plants with Invariant Zeros on the jw Axis

This paper presents a simple and non-iterative procedure for the computation of the exact value of the infimum in the singular H∞ optimization problem and is a continuation of our earlier work [1]-[3]. Our problem formulation in general and we do not place any restrictions on the finite and infinite zero structures of the system, and the direct feedthrough terms between the control input and the controlled output variables, and between the disturbance input and the measurement output variables. Our method is applicable to a class of singular H∞-optimization problem for which the transfer functions from the control input to the controlled output and from the disturbance input to the measurement output satisfy certain geometric conditions. In particular this paper extends the result of [3] by allowing these two transfer functions to have invariant zeros on the jw axis.
Physicochemical Properties of Bovine Serum High Density Lipoprotein

Bovine high density lipoprotein, floating between densities of 1.063 g per ml and 1.125 g per ml, constitutes about 80% of all bovine serum lipoproteins. Preparations of this lipoprotein appear homogeneous by several criteria: electrophoresis, sedimentation velocity, sedimentation equilibrium, and NH2-terminal amino acid analysis. Bovine high density lipoprotein is a spherical protein-lipid aggregate, containing 32% protein and 68% lipid by weight; its molecular weight is 376,000. The protein component appears to consist of 4 subunits of molecular weight 28,100. Tryptophan fluorescence spectra of the native lipoprotein and of its delipidated form have maximum fluorescence wave lengths at 328 and 338 nm, respectively, an indication that on delipidation the environment of tryptophan residues becomes more polar.
Effect of variability of soil physical properties on clutter and false alarms in land mine detection

[1] The effects of variability of the ground on land mine detection and false alarm rates are analyzed within the framework of a viscoelastic-layered model of the ground. A matrix technique was used to describe sound interaction with layered viscoelastic ground. The resonance method in combination with a global search method is used to estimate a set of parameters for a three-layered viscoelastic ground model. Results of the estimation show good agreement between computed and experimental data. The effect of a finite size of sound source on the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function is discussed. The effect of variability of ground properties on the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function (admittance function) is analyzed. Analysis is performed on the plane of parameters of the layered ground in a wide frequency range for all angles of incidence. It is revealed that small variations in the shear speed in the top layer of ground will not cause variation in the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function at low frequencies but may cause strong variation at high frequencies. Results of outdoor measurements of the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function are presented, and a correlation between the high magnitude of the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function in certain frequency ranges and moisture content on the surface is revealed. A simple model explaining the correlation between moisture content in the upper layer, the acoustic-to-seismic transfer function, and ground properties is suggested.
Aggregation of Trust for Iterated Belief Revision in Probabilistic Logics

In this paper it is shown how communication about trust in a multi-agent system may be used to endow agents with belief change capabilities, in a probabilistic logical framework. Belief change operators are obtained in an intuitive, principled way using aggregation operators for trust-values. Under additional conditions, such change operators may be proved to be maxichoice. The present approach constitutes a sound method for autonomous uncertainty management in multi-agent systems.
Posttraumatic stress in school-age children and adolescents: medical providers’ role from diagnosis to optimal management

Millions of children and adolescents each year are exposed to potentially traumatic events (PTEs), placing them at risk for posttraumatic stress (PTS) disorder symptoms. Medical providers play an important role in the identification and treatment of PTS, as they are typically the initial point of contact for families in the wake of a PTE or during a PTE if it is medically related (eg, injury/illness). This paper offers a review of the literature focused on clinical char- acteristics of PTS, the assessment and diagnosis of PTS, and current effective treatments for PTS in school-age children and adolescents. The clinical presentation of PTS is often complex as symptoms may closely resemble other internalizing and externalizing disorders. A number of screening and evaluation tools are available for medical providers to assist them in the accurate diagnosis of PTS. Treatment options are available for youth at minimal risk of PTS as well as for those with more intensive needs. Additional training regarding trauma-informed medical care may benefit medical providers. By taking a trauma-informed approach, rooted in a solid understanding of the clinical presentation of PTS in children and adolescents, medical providers can ensure PTS does not go undetected, minimize the traumatic aspects of medical care, and better promote health and well-being.
Partial Degree Conditions and Cycle Coverings

Let G be a graph of order n. Let W be a subset of VG with |W|i¾?3k, where k is a positive integer. We show that if dxi¾?2n/3 for each x∈W, then G contains k vertex-disjoint cycles covering W such that each of the k cycles contains at least three vertices of W.
Interaction between pores in diffusion through membranes of arbitrary thickness

Abstract The model of permeation through membranes used in this paper consists of representing the membrane as an impermeable slab perforated by N circular cylinders (pores), the permeation rate being controlled by the rate at which penetrant diffuses through the membrane. Employing a Green's function approach for the local concentration leads to a simple expression for the flow through each pore. The limit N → ∞ has to be treated carefully, and this is worked out in detail for a membrane with regularly distributed pores. Our results show that the details of the actual pore distribution do enter into the results. For the case of small area fraction of penetration sites, explicit results for the membrane permeability are obtained and serve as an estimate for the error involved in the customary cell method.
Theory for very low stress ( Harper-Dorn ) creep

Contrary to the usual characteristic of conventional Harper–Dorn creep, recent experiments by the authors suggest a stress exponent of ∼3 in the Harper–Dorn regime and a variation in dislocation density with stress as a direct extension of the behavior anticipated within the five-power creep regime. A model for low stress creep, suitable for the Harper–Dorn regime, is presented in terms of a network-based model that is a modification of earlier work by Evans and Knowles. Our modifications to the model are consistent with new experimental results at very low stresses where subgrains are absent.
Oral Antimicrobial Therapy for Adults with Osteomyelitis or Septic Arthritis

We conducted a retrospective review of 21 adult patients with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis who were treated with high doses of oral antimicrobial agents, usually after an initial course of intravenous therapy. The mean duration of parenteral and oral therapy was 3.6 days and 43.0 days, respectively. Absorption of oral antibiotics was assessed by determining the trough serum bactericidal titers for the infecting organism; whenever feasible, the dosages were adjusted to achieve trough titers greater than or equal to 1:8. The follow-up period ranged from six to 66 months (mean, 42.4 months). Eighteen of 21 patients had no clinical signs of recurrence after initial therapy. One patient with an infected joint prosthesis developed recurrent infection, and two patients had recurrences accompanied by sequestra. The mean duration of hospitalization was 13.4 days, and the mean duration of outpatient treatment was 31.9 days.
UPTAKE OF HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN BY Y-ORGANS OF THE CRAB, CANCER ANTENNARIUS. I: CHARACTERIZATION IN VITRO AND EFFECTS OF STIMULATORS AND INHIBITORS

Cholesterol is the obligate precursor for ecdysteroid hormone synthesis by the ecdysial glands (Y-organs) in crustaceans, and all cholesterol in the hemolymph is bound to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The mechanism was studied of how Y-organ cells acquire cholesterol. Y-organ segments were incubated with HDL isolated from hemolymph and labeled with 125I. After incubation, tissue was homogenized in acid to determine radioactivity in acid-precipitable (cell associated, intact) HDL and in acid-soluble (degraded) HDL. Both HDL uptake and degradation showed saturation kinetics. At saturation most of the total counts represented degraded HDL; by 3 h, degradation was 80%. Rates of HDL uptake and breakdown were higher in Y-organs from de-eyestalked crabs (deprived thereby of molt-inhibiting hormone, MIH) than in glands from intact crabs. Both parameters were depressed by inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation dose dependently and by low temperature. HDL uptake also was depressed by cAMP added to the medium experimentally or through efflux from the tissue during incubation. These results indicate a mechanism for HDL uptake that entails receptor-mediated, energy-dependent endocytosis of the entire HDL-cholesterol complex. Also the results suggest that HDL uptake and degradation are mediated by cAMP and depressed by an eyestalk factor, presumably MIH. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The accuracy of changes of urban land values as a measure of social benefits from public programs

Abstract This paper extends the standard model of urban land rent to consider the impact of the output of public programs on the spatial equilibrium and to analyze the accuracy of changes of urban land values as a measure of social benefits from public investment. Two consistent output indicators of public investment are advanced: the individual's welfare and total land values. The general results of the comparative analysis are that there is a lack of correspondence between both output indicators, and that changes in land values are, in general, not an accurate measure of the benefits of such programs.
A Comprehensive Survey of Voice over IP Security Research

We present a comprehensive survey of Voice over IP security academic research, using a set of 245 publications forming a closed cross-citation set. We classify these papers according to an extended version of the VoIP Security Alliance (VoIPSA) Threat Taxonomy. Our goal is to provide a roadmap for researchers seeking to understand existing capabilities and to identify gaps in addressing the numerous threats and vulnerabilities present in VoIP systems. We discuss the implications of our findings with respect to vulnerabilities reported in a variety of VoIP products. We identify two specific problem areas (denial of service, and service abuse) as requiring significant more attention from the research community. We also find that the overwhelming majority of the surveyed work takes a black box view of VoIP systems that avoids examining their internal structure and implementation. Such an approach may miss the mark in terms of addressing the main sources of vulnerabilities, i.e., implementation bugs and misconfigurations. Finally, we argue for further work on understanding cross-protocol and cross-mechanism vulnerabilities (emergent properties), which are the byproduct of a highly complex system-of-systems and an indication of the issues in future large-scale systems.
What are the ‘Calcichordata’? and the larger question of the origin of Chordates

Argument around the question of the validity of the ‘Calcichordata’ emphasizes the need for a more functional and utilitarian view of the origin of the chordates. The calcichordate question is reviewed and ‘tested’ in terms of our usual ideas of biological reality. The concept is rejected and the Stylophora are viewed as aberrant and still largely unknown echinoderms. Rejection of the calcichordate concept turns us once more to the question of the origin of the chordates. A number of competing hypotheses are compared: the tunicate, dipleuruloid and archicoelomate models. The conclusion is that the dipleuruloid, a simple metazoan, offers the least explanatory difficulties. Also it is concluded that discussion of such a subject as this refines and improves our thinking concerning it.
A Yeast Mutant Which Accumulates Precursor tRNAs

Abstract It has been proposed that the conditional yeast mutant ts136 is defective in the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (Hutchinson, Hartwell and McLaughlin, 1969). We have examined ts136 to determine whether it is defective in tRNA biosynthesis. At the restrictive temperature, the mutant accumulates twelve new species of RNA. These species co-migrate on polyacrylamide gels with some of the pulse-labeled precursor tRNAs. Three of the new RNAs (species 1a, 1b and 1c are large enough to contain two tandom tRNAs. Although RNAs 1a, 1b and 1c do not contain detectable levels of modified and methylated bases, at least one of them hybridizes to DNA from an E. coli plasmid containing a yeast tRNA gene. All the remaining RNAs (2–8) contain modified and methylated bases typical of tRNA. Three of these species were tested and were found to hybridize to tRNA genes. Ribosomal RNA synthesis is also defective in ts136. It is suggested that ts136 may be defective in a nucleolytic activity, which is a prerequisite to RNA transport.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the decomposition of lithiated hydroxyl side-chain amino acids.

Lithium cation complexes with serine (Ser) and threonine (Thr) are collisionally activated with xenon in a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer and are observed to exhibit a variety of decomposition pathways in addition to a loss of the intact ligand. Prominent pathways include a loss of H2O, CO2, and aldehydes (XCHO where X = H for Ser and CH3 for Thr). Quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level are used to explore the reaction mechanisms for these processes in detail. Complete potential energy surfaces for all three processes are elucidated, including all intermediates and transition states. Theoretical molecular parameters for the rate-limiting transition states are then used to analyze the threshold energies in the experimental data, providing experimental measurements of the energies of these transition states. These experimental energies are compared with single-point energies calculated at three different levels, B3LYP, B3P86, and MP2(full), using the 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set...
Defective virions of simian adenovirus 7 produced by one passage at high multiplicity of infection.

Abstract An assay is described for the rapid microtitration of simian adenovirus 7 (SA7) particles capable of inducing adenovirus CPE (rounded, swollen cells). Utilizing the assay for cytopathic particles, it was found that only one passage of standard SA7 at high m.o.i. results in virus stocks containing an excess of noninfectious cytopathic particles. These stocks also contain an excess of defective virions which retain the ability to enhance the replication of human adenovirus type 5 during mixed infection of monkey cells. SA7 stocks produced on two SV40-transformed simian cell lines contained larger fractions of these defective virions than stocks produced on normal simian cell lines. Autointerference activity was not observed in SA7 stocks containing an excess of defective cytopathic particles nor were there detectable levels of shortened viral genomes.
Vertex operator superalgebras

In this paper, we construct the action of super vertex operators In section 1, we construct a Fock space V for a 2l-dimensional C-vector space A. In physics, V appears as the Fock space of Neveu-Schwarz model of dual poins. See Neveu-Schwarz [5]. In mathematics, V appears as the spin representation space of the affine Lie algebra&ŝ2l. See Frenkel [2] and [3]. In section 2, we define a super vertex operator A V,Z : V→V[[z,z-1]] for each element v of the Fock space V. The most important property of the super vertex operators is the so-called associative law. Using this law, we can see that the coefficients v n : V→V in A v,z span a Lie superalgebra and explicitly write down the Lie superbackets in section 3. It is a huge Lie superalgebra called the vertex operator superalgebra of A.
An auction-based market equilibrium algorithm for a production model

We present an auction-based algorithm for computing market equilibrium prices in a production model, in which producers have a single linear production constraint, and consumers have linear utility functions. We provide algorithms for both the Fisher and Arrow-Debreu versions of the problem.
Health-Related Fitness Models in Physical Education

Physical education has been an integral part of the school curriculum for more than a century. Although the focus has changed over time, the major objective has remained relatively constant: to provide students with the knowledge, skills, abilities, behaviors, and confidence to be physically active throughout their lifetime. As more physical educators are interested in providing students with a curriculum that will develop active and healthy behaviors for life, this article will empower teachers to understand the differences between three health-related fitness models and provide an example of how to combine them into a quality physical education program.
Hippocampal volume, spectroscopy, cognition, and mood in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy.

Abstract Background Hippocampal volume reduction, declarative memory deficits, and cortisol elevations are reported in persons with major depressive disorder; however, data linking cortisol elevations with hippocampal atrophy are lacking. Prescription corticosteroid-treated patients offer an opportunity to examine corticosteroid effects on hippocampal volume and biochemistry and memory in humans. Methods Seventeen patients on long-term prescription corticosteroid therapy and 15 controls of similar age, gender, ethnicity, education, height, and medical history were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Stroop Color Word Test and other neurocognitive measures, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Results Compared with controls, corticosteroid-treated patients had smaller hippocampal volumes and lower N-acetyl aspartate ratios, lower scores on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Stroop Color Word Test, and higher Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores. Conclusions Patients receiving chronic corticosteroid therapy have smaller hippocampal volumes, lower N-acetyl aspartate ratios, and declarative memory deficits compared with controls. These findings support the idea that corticosteroid exposure appears to be associated with changes in hippocampal volume and functioning in humans.
Cover Crop Root Distribution and Its Effects on Soil Nitrogen Cycling

Nitrate N in the soil is susceptible to leaching with fall and winter precipitation and can pollute groundwater. Winter cover crops to scavenge residual NO 3 - through root extension are a possible solution. A 2-yr field study was conducted on a Greenville fsl (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) in central Georgia to determine root distribution of legume and nonlegume winter cover crops and their ability to absorb soil NO 3 - and accumulate it in aboveground biomass. Cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were planted in a prepared seedbed in the fall and accumulated biomass was incorporated into the soil in the spring. Seasonal variations in root distribution were measured by minirhizotron and soil separation methods. Soil mineral N concentration and aboveground biomass yield and N uptake were determined at regular intervals during the growing season. Total minirhizotron root count (MRC; no. roots cm -2 soil profile) at the 1- to 50-cm soil depth increased at the rate of 0.01 roots cm -2 d -1 in hairy vetch in the fall to 038 roots cm -2 d -1 in crimson clover in the spring, as temperature increased. Roots were well distributed to the 50-cm soil depth. Compared with the other cover crops, rye had significantly greater total MRC from Dec. 1996 to Feb. 1997 and total root length density (RLD; cm root length cm -3 soil) at the 0- to 30-cm depth from Nov. 1995 to Apr. 1996 and in Jan. 1997, and the subsequent NO 3 - or inorganic N concentration in the soil was lower and aboveground biomass yield was greater. MRC was positively correlated with RLD in Nov. 1995, Apr. 1996, and Jan. 1997. A significant positive correlation was observed between MRC and aboveground biomass yield or N uptake (r = 0.52 to 0.68, P ≤ 0.05) and a negative correlation between MRC and soil NO 3 - concentration (r = -0.51 to -0.55, P ≤ 0.05) early in the growing season. Rye had the greatest root density and aboveground biomass, and scavenged more soil NO 3 - early in the growing season. Nonlegume cover crops, such as rye, may be more effective in reducing residual NO 3 - and potential leaching of NO 3 - from the soil early in the growing season than are legume cover crops, such as hairy vetch or crimson clover.
Molecular layering in a liquid on a solid substrate: an X-ray reflectivity study

Abstract We report the observation of molecular layering in a liquid at the solid-liquid interface, using X-ray reflectivity. The liquid was tetrakis (2-ethylhexoxy) silane (TEHOS), which is nonpolar and insulating, with spherical molecules of about 10 A diameter. We studied both thin (45–90 A) and relatively thick (∼5000 A) films, which are prepared by dipping in a dilute solution and by pouring and draining the pure material, respectively. For 45–90 A thick films, three layers of density oscillations are seen near the solid–liquid interface, with a spacing comparable to the molecular size. There is an inverse dependence on the substrate surface roughness. For ∼5000 A thick films, we observed a diffraction peak with a correlation length of ∼32 A.
Liquid Crystal Devices and Devices for Liquid Crystal Research

Abstract In this paper we focus on liquid crystal Fabry-Perot as a liquid crystal device which can also be used to obtain information about the liquid crystal materials used in these devices. The paper outlines the evolution form the simple need of such a device to the construction and testing which led to some unexpected results. Through analysis of these results a better insight in to the working of these devices further led to other interesting structures and eventually to the use of this structure to obtain information about liquid crystal materials in absence and presence of electric field.
Automated therapy for nonspeaking autistic children

Earlier publications described our computer method for stimulating language development in nonspeaking children, sketched several case histories (Colby 1968), and gave statistical evidence that our high rate of success (71 percent) was due to our treatment method (Colby and Smith 1970). This paper presents some proposals for making the method more widely available.
The priming of periodical cicada life cycles

Periodical cicadas in the genus Magicicada have unusually long life cycles for insects, with periodicities of either 13 or 17 years. Biologists have explained the evolution of these prime number period lengths in terms of resource limitation, enemy avoidance, hybridization and climate change. Here, I question two aspects of these explanations: that the origin of the life cycles was associated with Pleistocene ice age events, and that they evolved from shorter life cycles through the lengthening of nymphal stages in annual increments. Instead, I suggest that these life cycles evolved earlier than the Pleistocene and involved an abrupt transition from a nine-year to a 13-year life cycle, driven, in part, by interspecific competition.
Fostering “Connectedness to Nature” through U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Education and Outreach Programming: A Qualitative Evaluation

Despite a recent increased emphasis on emotional connections to nature and their relationship to stewardship and health outcomes in the environmental education and other literature, there is a lack of understanding of what qualities of nature experiences actually influence emotional connections to nature, otherwise known as environmental sensitivity or connectedness to nature. In an effort to begin to explore this area, we conducted a qualitative study at three U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) sites with environmental education programs.
Evaluation of collisional damage in polystyrene foam constructions using a dual hammer impact test

Low intensity impacts can reduce the structural integrity of an expanded polystyrene safety helmet by the formation of damage in the foam. This reduces the ability of the foam to protect the user under impact conditions. In these experiments, the introduction of a rubber inter-layer that acts as a cushioning layer to protect the polystyrene shell during light and intermediate impacts was evaluated. The evaluation was conducted with a dual hammer impact tester, which was constructed for this purpose. Safety helmet cross sections were simulated by two inch square test specimens. The dual hammer impact testing identified a damage threshold energy above which damage was evident. The introduction of the soft rubber inter-layer between the foam and outer hard shell of these specimens increased the impact loading required to damage the foam by 30%, while the amount of energy transmitted actually increased. Further work is being done on perforated rubber systems that will look at damage and energy transmission in these alternative constructions.
Active Laser Amplifier Distortion Compensation

We present a new micromachined deformable mirror featuring a continuous phase sheet, low static aberrations, and an inexpensive fabrication procedure. We demonstrate an adaptive optics system compensating a slab laser amplifier.
Standardization in the midst of innovation: structural implications of the Internet for SMEs

Abstract The spread of Internet technologies has heralded the emergence of a ‘new economy’ with the development of the quintessential new economy type of business, the Internet E-commerce firm. Identification of structural changes emerging from the interaction between business and technology in a society illuminates the way that small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are implicated in societal and economic change and helps us to contemplate their future within society. The authors propose a 5-S extension of the McKinsey 7-S framework (shared goals, strategy, skills, staff, systems, style, structure). The proposed new factors are standards, size, speed, state, and sales. The rationale and operation of each of these five elements is explored with respect to both new economy, Internet firms and traditional, ‘bricks-and-mortar’ companies. The likely effect that major future contingencies will have on how the 5-S elements are applied is also explored. This 5-S framework and its future contingencies appear to offer a set of descriptions of a likely future for businesses and for economies as a whole. At present the Internet economy remains largely unexplored and unexploited but it does seem clear that the owners of SMEs will play important roles in its continuing growth and value creation.
Two-Dimensional Solution Surface for Weighted Support Vector Machines

The support vector machine (SVM) is a popular learning method for binary classification. Standard SVMs treat all the data points equally, but in some practical problems it is more natural to assign different weights to observations from different classes. This leads to a broader class of learning, the so-called weighted SVMs (WSVMs), and one of their important applications is to estimate class probabilities besides learning the classification boundary. There are two parameters associated with the WSVM optimization problem: one is the regularization parameter and the other is the weight parameter. In this article, we first establish that the WSVM solutions are jointly piecewise-linear with respect to both the regularization and weight parameter. We then develop a state-of-the-art algorithm that can compute the entire trajectory of the WSVM solutions for every pair of the regularization parameter and the weight parameter at a feasible computational cost. The derived two-dimensional solution surface provides...
Impact of chemotherapeutic dose intensity and hematologic toxicity on first remission duration in dogs with lymphoma treated with a chemoradiotherapy protocol.

Background: Dose intensity has proven to be critical in maximizing chemotherapeutic efficacy for numerous human cancers. To date, the impact of dose intensity and toxicity on first remission duration has not been thoroughly assessed in dogs with lymphoma. Hypothesis: Dogs that receive maximal dose intensity will have prolonged first remission duration. Animals: Sixty-two dogs with lymphoma that were treated according to a standardized Chemoradiotherapy regimen and achieved durable complete remissions were identified from the medical records database of North Carolina State University. Methods: Dosage reductions and treatment delays resulting from chemotherapy-related neutropenia were evaluated retrospectively, and each patient's actual summation dose intensity and frequency of myelotoxicity were calculated. Impact of dose intensity and frequency of neutropenia on first remission duration were evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Development of grade III or IV neutropenia during chemotherapy was found to be associated with prolonged first remission duration (P < .01). Dose intensity did not have a significant impact on remission duration (P= .07). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Results of this study suggest that dosage reductions and treatment delays instituted to avoid repeated neutropenic episodes do not reduce first remission duration. Prolonged remission duration in patients that developed grade III or IV neutropenic episodes indicates the need for further optimization of dosing strategies for canine lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Ciprofloxacin sorption by dissolved organic carbon from reference and bio-waste materials

Abstract Amphoteric pharmaceuticals are released to the environment in treated wastewater, medicated aquaculture feed, and through land disposal of livestock wastes and municipal biosolids. These wastes are rich in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), which may bind and potentially enhance pharmaceutical transport in the environment. To assess this potential, the antimicrobial ciprofloxacin (CIP) was chosen as a model amphoteric pharmaceutical to quantify DOC–water sorption coefficients ( K doc , L kg −1 DOC) for four reference humic materials with varying chemical properties, digested and undigested municipal biosolids, treated municipal wastewater, and beef lagoon wastewater. For reference humic materials, the predominance of sorption by cation exchange was exemplified by decreasing sorption with increasing pH and ionic strength, as well as highly predictable relationships between the sorbed CIP concentration normalized to the DOC charge versus the free aqueous concentration of the CIP cation. In contrast to humic materials, however, sorption to DOC from digested biosolids was low and showed no pH dependence, suggesting that additional weaker mechanisms contributed to binding interactions. CIP had no quantifiable affinity for DOC from undigested biosolids, treated wastewater, or beef lagoon wastewater. With K doc values of ∼10 4 L kg −1 estimated for CIP concentrations reported in biosolids (∼20–60 μg kg −1 wwt), the DOC measured for digested biosolids in this study (40 mg L −1 ) could increase CIP mobility by up to ∼15%, thus DOC-facilitated transport should be considered in environmental fate assessments for amphoteric pharmaceuticals. However, the potential for waste-derived DOC to enhance CIP transport would have been greatly overestimated using information derived only from reference humic materials.
Quadrupole resonances in the rare-earth metals

Calculations that employ a relativistic time-dependent local-density approximation to atomic absorption are used to examine a recent claim to the observation of giant quadrupolar resonances in the electron-energy-loss spectrum of Ce metal near the 4p edge. We confirm the existence of 4p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4f resonances in this energy range but find the polarization effects much smaller than in typical giant dipole resonances.