cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Mycoplasma hominis to an obligate parasitic existence in monkey kidney cell culture (BSC-1).

SummaryDuring attempts to eliminate Mycoplasma hominis from a monkey kidney BSC-1 cell line with antibiotics, the mycoplasmas were isolated repeatedly. However, the organisms ultimately failed to grow on medium although electron microscopy confirmed that the cell culture still contained mycoplasmas. Thus, the mycoplasma had adapted to an environment in which viable cells were required for growth. Budding mycoplasmas which are indicative of replication were seen associated with viable cells extracellularly. Moreover, structures resembling mycoplasmas were observed budding from the cells which suggests that the mycoplasmas replicate within the cells and are similar to many viruses in their manner of release from the cells.The authors are pleased to acknowledge the very capable technical assistance of Mrs. M. DeMaggio-Cioffi and Mr. G. Gomayko. This research was supported by NIH Grant RO1 A108282 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Selected growth of cubic and hexagonal GaN epitaxial films on polar MgO(111).

Polar heterointerfaces have been studied extensively in the context of III-V compound semiconductors, with electrostatic considerations suggesting that huge dipole moments, and subsequent charge accumulations, should occur at atomically abrupt interfaces [1,2], implying that such sharp interfaces do not exist. The fact that ionicity is even more pronounced in oxides than in compound semiconductors suggests that polarity could have a significant effect on the growth and structure of polar oxide films on polar oxide substrates; experimentally, a polar MgO(111) surface affects the epitaxial growth of a polar Fe 3 O 4 � 111� film by inducing phase separation within and at the interface of the magnetite film [3]. In this Letter, we explore effects of the oxide surface polarity and the initial interface on the growth of GaN, a wide band gap semiconductor that has attracted considerable attention for applications in blue-green lasers, high temperature electronics, and spintronics [4 –6]. At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, GaN can exist in two forms: 2H wurtzite (WZ) and 3C zinc blende (ZB) structure, with the WZ polytype being energetically favorable. We demonstrate that by controlling the structure of the oxide-nitride interface, selective growth of both polytypes is possible. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and density functional theory (DFT) are used to investigate the structural properties of the GaN� 111� =MgO� 111� interface and to elucidate the stabilization mechanism for the cubic GaN polytype. GaN films were grown by electron-cyclotron resonance plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) on single crystal MgO(111) substrates. The substrates were degreased in acetone and methanol and then annealed at 800 � C in UHV for 1 h. This procedure produces a � 1 � 1� surface terminated by OH, as shown by recent x-ray photoelectron diffraction, core level spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations [7]. Prior to growth, some substrates were exposed to a nitrogen plasma of 30 W at 800 � C for 30 min. GaN films were grown at 600 � Co n both as-annealed and nitridized substrates under identical deposition conditions: Ga effusion cell temperature of 950 � C, nitrogen flow rate of 3 sccm, and plasma power of 30 W. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction was used to monitor the growth process. Details of the MBE system can be found elsewhere [8]. Cross-sectional bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and selected area diffraction (SAD) using a 300 kV Hitachi H9000-NAR microscope were employed to study the morphology and crystal structure of the films. The atomic structures were determined by comparing calculated images of model interface structures to experimental HRTEM images recorded for a series of microscope defocus values. The JEMS
Higher bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone-rich fermented soybeans compared with glucoside-rich non-fermented soybeans in Japanese postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: There have been conflicting study results concerning how the food matrix affects the bioavailability of isoflavone aglycone and glucoside. In this study the bioavailability of isoflavones after a single ingestion of aglycone-rich fermented soybeans (Fsoy) and glucoside-rich non-fermented soybeans (Soy) was compared. Eleven healthy postmenopausal Japanese women were recruited for a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial and consumed Fsoy or Soy powder dissolved in hot water. Blood samples were collected 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h and urine samples from 0 to 48 h after ingestion of the powders. The Fsoy and Soy powders ingested had the same total isoflavone content (95 µmol), but the former was rich in aglycone (90.6 µmol) while the latter was rich in glucoside (81.9 µmol). RESULTS: Serum concentrations of total isoflavones after 1–4 h were significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. The Fsoy group showed significantly higher maximum concentration (Cmax: 2.79 ± 0.13 vs 1.74 ± 0.13 µmol L−1) and area under the curve (AUC0–24 h: 23.78 ± 2.41 vs 19.95 ± 2.03 µmol day L−1) and lower maximum concentration time (Tmax: 1.00 ± 0.00 vs 5.00 ± 0.67 h) compared with the Soy group. The cumulative urinary excretion of total isoflavones after 2 h was significantly higher in the Fsoy group than in the Soy group. Individual isoflavones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) showed similar trends to total isoflavones. Equol (a metabolite from daidzein) did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that the isoflavones of aglycone-rich Fsoy were absorbed faster and in greater amounts than those of glucoside-rich Soy in postmenopausal Japanese women. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of the Large-Eddy Approach to the Simulation of Turbulence in Uniform Shear Flow

ABSTRACT In the Rogallo approach to the simulation of homogeneous turbulence in uniform shear flow, the equations of motion are solved in a reference frame that is moving with the mean flow. This choice of reference frame allows the application of periodic boundary conditions to the fluctuating velocity components and the use of a highly accurate spectral scheme for the spatial discretization. However, as time is advanced, the reference frame becomes more and more skewed and a regridding of the computational domain using the periodic structure of the velocity components is required. This regridding procedure introduces aliasing errors that are removed in direct numerical simulation. This study addresses the application of this approach to large-eddy simulation of turbulence in uniform shear flow. Results are compared between direct numerical simulation and large-eddy simulation.
MRL-lpr/lpr disease: theories meet Fas

It has been exciting for scientists to postulate all sorts of derangements to explain the numerous observations regarding the disease of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Until recently, our imaginations have had almost free reign, unconstrained by any true knowledge. Now, however, it has been found that the lpr gene represents a mutation which causes a defect in a cell surface molecule, Fas. Since the normal Fas is thought to be important in programmed cell death, apoptosis, the lpr-associated defect in Fas is thought to interfere with normal apoptosis. Therefore, we are forced to reconsider all hypotheses regarding lpr/lpr mice in terms of a defect in Fas. This paper represents such an attempt. It suggests that failure of peripheral apoptosis of CD4+ cells allows self-reactive helper T cells to persist and drive autoantibody production. Failure of apoptosis of self-reactive CD8+ cells leads to down-regulation of CD8 and persistence as CD4-, CD8- T cells which contribute to the lymphadenopathy.
Design Consideration, Process and Mechanical Modeling, and Tolerance Analysis of MEMS-Based Mechanical System-on-a-Chip (SOAC) for Nanomanufacturing

In this paper the authors describe the design considerations including force and tolerance analysis and mechanism and tip design, for a novel, dynamic scanning probe microscopy tip directly insertable into today’s existing atomic force microscopy tools. This tool is the first of its kind and is a major step in the field of nanomanufacturing enabling the use of nanomechanical machining operations for nanostructure top-down manufacturing. The application of this device is the nanomechanical drilling and milling of III-V semiconductor substrates for various applications such as nanovias for electrical interconnection of next generation electronic and photonic applications, as well as reservoirs and capillaries for nano-fluidics. Results to date indicate that device performance parameters allow a normal drilling force of 25 μN, tangential drilling force of 35 μN, maximum rotational speed of 100,000 rpm, and minimum machined feature size of less than 200 nm. This device is currently being fabricated at Sandia National Laboratories, SUMMIT MEMS foundry and being packaged at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville High Density Electronics Center (HiDEC).Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Parents and Teachers: Talking With or Past One Another—or Not Talking at All?

Parent and family involvement in schools can have a positive influence on students' school achievement. When parents feel good about their school involvement and the school's instructional efforts, they tend to hold high expectations for their children, which in turn can have a positive impact on their children's interests, aspirations, and learning — and on teachers' morale and self-confidence. These positive outcomes are associated with parents and teachers forming partnerships that are respectful of one another's perspectives. قد يؤثر انشغال الوالدين والعائلة في المدارس تأثيرا إيجابيا في إنجاز الطلاب الدراسي. وحين يشعر الوالدان جيدا تجاه انشغالهما في المدرسة وجهود المدرسة التعليمية يميلان إلى أن يتمسكا بتوقعات عالية لأطفالهما الأمر الذي قد يؤثر بدوره في اهتمام أطفالهما وطموحاتهم وتعلمهم تأثيرا إيجابيا وكذلك في معنوية المعلمين وثقتهم بالنفس. إذ تتعلق هذه النتائج الإيجابية بالوالدين والمعلمين الذين يشاركون مشاركة ذات الاحترام لوجهات نظر الآخر. 家长与家人的学校参与，能够正面影响到学生在学校的成绩。当家长对学校的参与和对学校为教学所作出的努力感到有意义时，他们会倾向于对他们子女持有高度的期望，从而正面地影响到他们子女的兴趣、志向及学习更正面地影响到教师的士气与自信心。这些正面的成效，是与家长和教师之间建立起互相尊重对方观点的伙伴关系有关的。 L'implication des parents et de la famille dans l'ecole peut avoir un effet positif sur la reussite scolaire des eleves. Quand les parents vivent bien leur implication dans l'ecole et les efforts pedagogiques de celle-ci, ils ont tendance a avoir de hauts niveaux d'attente pour leurs enfants, ce qui a son tour a un impact positif sur les interets, les aspirations et l'apprentissage de leur enfant — ainsi que sur le moral et la confiance en soi des enseignants. Ces consequences positives apparaissent quand les parents et les enseignants forment des partenaires respectueux les uns des autres. Вовлеченность родителей и других членов семей учащихся в жизнь школы может оказать положительное влияние на академические успехи детей. Когда родителям приятно бывать в школе, когда они довольны тем, что делает школа для их детей, они склонны поднимать планку своих ожиданий в отношении детей, что в свою очередь положительно отражается на интересе детей к учебе, на их стремлениях и на самом учебном процессе – а в конечном итоге и на моральном состоянии учителей и их уверенности в себе. Эти положительные результаты связаны тем, что между родителями и учителями формируются товарищеские отношения, они испытывают взаимное уважение и ценят мнения друг друга. La participacion de los padres y las familias en las escuelas puede tener una influencia positiva en los logros escolares de los alumnos. Cuando los padres se sienten satisfechos con su participacion en las escuelas y en los esfuerzos educativos de la escuela, tienden a tener expectativas altas para sus ninos, y esto, a su vez, puede tener un impacto positivo en el interes, las aspiraciones y el aprendizaje de los ninos—y en la confianza y la moral de los maestros. Estos resultados positivos provienen de una asociacion entre padres y maestros en la que se respetan las perspectivas de cada uno.
Rational determination of the operational basis eartquake and its impact on overall safety and cost of nuclear facilities

Abstract The operational basis earthquake (OBE) is defined by US Federal Regulations 10 CFR 100, Appendix A, as follows: ‘The Operating Basis Earthquake is that earthquake which, considering the regional and local geology and seismology and specific characteristics of local subsurface material, could reasonably be expected to affect the plant site during the operating life of the plant; it is that earthquake which produces the vibratory ground motion for which those features of the nuclear power plant necessary for continued operation without undue risk to the health and safety of the public are designed to remain functional.’ The OBE is further defined as follows: ‘The maximum vibratory ground acceleration of the Operating Basis Earthquake shall be at least one-half the maximum vibratory ground accelaration of the Safe Shutdown Earthquake.’ The second definition makes the OBE dependent on the definition of the safe shutdown earthquake (SSE) which is defined as follows: ‘The Safe Shutdown Earthquake is that earthquake which is based upon an evaluation of the maximum earthquake potetial considering the regional and local geology and seismology and specific characteristics of local subsurface material. It is that earthquake which produces the maximum vibratory ground motion for which certain structures, systems, and components are designed to remain functional. These structures, systems, and components are those necessary to assure: (1) the integrity of the reactor coolant pressure boundary; (2) the capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it in a safe shutdown condition; or (3) the capability to prevent or mitigate the consequences of accidents which could result in potential offsite exposure comparable to the guideline exposures of this part.’ The purpose of this paper is to show by a review of actual US site seismological history that the definition of the OBE as a dependent of the SSE is not necessarily compatible with the operating life definition. In addition the paper will show that for the majority of structures and mechanical components the dependent variable OBE rather than the independent variable SSE controls design and cost of construction. This condition suggests it should be the OBE rather than the SSE site intensities which merit the prime attention of the seismologist in defining seismic site parameters.
Trends in methodology for evaluation of effects of pollutants on marine organisms and ecosystems

(1973). Trends in methodology for evaluation of effects of pollutants on marine organisms and ecosystems. C R C Critical Reviews in Environmental Control: Vol. 3, No. 1-4, pp. 167-211.
Oblique alignment of hemoglobin S fibers in sickled cells.

Abstract Thin sections of embedded, sickled erythrocytes reveal oblique alignment of parallel sheets of single fibers of hemoglobin S, with adjacent layers rotated by about 26 °. The oblique alignment pattern is consistent with the interlocking of helical grooves present in the 14-filament structure determined for individual fibers and could be related to the curvature in cell shape characteristic of the sickling process.
Improved method for converting an unmodified peptide to an energy-transfer substrate for a proteinase.

This paper describes refinements to a method for generating energy-transfer-based fluorogenic substrates for proteinases [Geoghegan, K. F., et al. (1993) Bioconjugate Chem. 4, 537−544]. An unprotec...
What Is a Nation and Who Belongs? National Narratives and the Ethnic Imagination in Twentieth-Century Japan

WHERE, IF NOT JAPAN, are the nation and the state more identical? Often touted as a homogeneous people, the Japanese are frequently heralded as a "common-sense" example of the natural bond between an ethnic people and their political state. Such an impression is, of course, not merely a reflection of an ethnic or political reality in Japan but the result of impressions created by national narratives and political imaginations. What is striking in the case of Japanese national discourse, however, is the considerable gap between the richness of political imagination in modern Japan and the ways in which that imagination has been understood outside of Japan. The English-language literature on nationalism in Japan has largely overlooked the appeal of ethnic nationalism as a populist attack on the state, especially among Japanese historians and other intellectuals who have had the most influence in shaping national narratives in modern Japan.' The reasons for this state of affairs are many and complex. They derive not only from the specific experience of modern Japanese social life but also from the strategies of conceptualization and representation that historians and others have adopted to make sense out of modern Japanese national life. This interweaving of social fact and historical representation encompasses the historical origins of the modern Japanese state, influence from general theories of nationalism, and even the power of nationalist myths, which have been quite successful in convincing many observers that Japanese society is marked by a high degree of cohesiveness and
Maternal Role Attainment in Adolescent Mothers: Foundations and Implications

(1) Maternal role attainment (MRA) is a process in which a mother achieves competence in her role and integrates the mothering behaviors into her established role set, so she is comfortable with her identity as mother. Age is consistently identified as a variable in MRA. This paper reviews literature on MRA in an exploration of its theoretical foundation and implications for adolescents. Practice implications include assessment of maternal affect and behavior, education, and follow-up for adolescent mothers. Inclusion of the adolescent's social support in interventions is advocated. Limited studies available support the need for future research in MRA in adolescents.
Memorial Contributions: Remembering the Elderly Deceased and Supporting the Bereaved

While there is considerable evidence that many older persons decline in interpersonal and physical functioning following spousal or sibling losses, little is known about customary forms of support to facilitate the management of bereavement. This study explores the importance of the widely used ritual of “In Memoriam” contributions as a remembrance of deceased elderly persons and support for bereaved family and friends. Answers to two research questions were sought. First, what types of memorial contributions were requested by the bereaved on behalf of deceased elderly South Carolinians during an eight-month period, as published in statewide newspaper obituaries? Second, how do religious, social agency, health care, and educational leaders and administrators perceive the importance of memorial contributions as they impact upon the bereaved following funerals of elderly persons? The findings indicated that in 2, 198 obituaries, 68.2 percent of the families designated contributions to religious institutions...
An analysis of food-web structure and function in a shortgrass prairie, a mountain meadow, and a lodgepole pine forest

The structure of the below-ground detrital food web was similar in three different semiarid vegetation types: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta subsp. latifolia), mountain meadow (Agropyron smithii), and shortgrass prairie (Bouteloua gracilis). The densities of component food-web functional groups and the response to removal of component groups, differed however. As measured by biomass, bacteria were dominant in the meadow and prairie, while fungi were dominant in the forest. Resourde-base dominance was reflected in consumer dominance, and both directly correlated with the form of inorganic N present. Bacterial-feeding nematodes were numerically dominant in the meadow and prairie, while microarthropods were dominant in the forest. Ammonium-N was the dominant form in the forest, while nitrate —nitrite-N was the more important form in both bacterial-dominated grasslands. Addition of a biocide solution containing carbofuran and dimethoate reduced the numbers of both microarthropods and nematodes. In the bacterial-dominated grasslands, these reductions resulted in no apparent effect on bacterial densities because one group of bacterial consumers (protozoa) increased following the decrease in bacteria-feeding nematodes, in increased fungal biomass, and in increased soil inorganic N. Conversely, in the forest, following the biocide-induced reduction in consumers, the total fungal biomass decreased, but inorganic-N levels increased. The meadow appeared to be the most resilient of the three ecosystems to biocide disturbance, as both nematode and arthropod numbers returned to control levels more rapidly in the meadow than in the prairie or the forest.
A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE ROLE OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN PUBLIC POLICY

In comparison with the other social and behavioral sciences, there has been a general lack of anthropological input or interest in public policy. This absence from the public policy arena has been the result of both historical developments and theoretical biases within the field. Nevertheless, there have been certain periods when significant numbers of anthropologists have worked in policy areas-the 1930s. World War Il-but even then their influence was not great. However, in recent years we have witnessed a rapidly growing emphasis on public policy in applied anthropology which promises to give the discipline the opportunity to become atruly holistic policy science. In addition to the discussion of the factors which have impeded and, more recently, contributed to anthropological involvement with public policy, each of the symposium papers is briefly introduced.
A nucleation theory of cell surface capping

We propose a new theory of cell surface capping based on the principles of nucleation. When antibody interacts with cell surface molecules, the molecules initially form small aggregates called patches that later coalesce into a large aggregate called a cap. While a cap can form by patches being pulled together by action of the cell's cytoskeleton, in the case of some molecules, disruption of the cytoskeleton does not prevent cap formation. Diffusion of large aggregates on a cell surface is slow, and thus we propose that a cap can form solely through the diffusion of small aggregates containing just one or a few cell surface molecules. Here we consider the extreme case in which single molecules are mobile, but aggregates of all larger sizes are immobile. We show that a set of patches in equilibrium with a “sea” of free cell surface molecules can undergo a nucleation-type phase transition in which the largest patch will bind free cell surface molecules, deplete the concentration of such molecules in the “sea”, and thus cause the other patches to shrink in size. We therefore show that a cap can form without patches having to move, collide with each other, and aggregate.
Formation and maintenance of neuronal assemblies through synaptic plasticity

The architecture of cortex is flexible, permitting neuronal networks to store recent sensory experiences as specific synaptic connectivity patterns. However, it is unclear how these patterns are maintained in the face of the high spike time variability associated with cortex. Here we demonstrate, using a large-scale cortical network model, that realistic synaptic plasticity rules coupled with homeostatic mechanisms lead to the formation of neuronal assemblies that reflect previously experienced stimuli. Further, reverberation of past evoked states in spontaneous spiking activity stabilizes, rather than erases, this learned architecture. Spontaneous and evoked spiking activity contains a signature of learned assembly structures, leading to testable predictions about the effect of recent sensory experience on spike train statistics. Our work outlines requirements for synaptic plasticity rules capable of modifying spontaneous dynamics and shows that this modification is beneficial for stability of learned network architectures.
Surface state study of ion implanted GaAs (Se) from photoreflectance

Abstract The surfaces of single crystal (100) GaAs specimens ion implanted with Se (fluence to 5 × 10 14 cm −2 ) were studied by photoreflectance (PR). It is found that the PR concentration correlation for the ion-implanted crystals follow the Franz-Keldysh relationship. This establishes the electronic structural mechanistic basis of the PR surface phenomenon. The technique also offers a convenient, non-destructive means of studying dopant concentration levels at surfaces of crystalline ion implanted semiconductors.
Capillary models of solvent diffusion

Abstract Capillary invasion-type models such as molecular sorption theory [Vesely D. Polymer 2001; 42:4417-22] and Bosanquet equation are applied to the diffusion of fluid/solvent into glassy polymers. It is found that both models show close description of the Fickian and Case II diffusion rates in agreement with the available experimental data. The Case II diffusion linear front advance, however, can be interpreted more naturally as inertial effect in the frame of the Bosanquet model. It is also shown that there is a connection between the Bosanquet model and 1D correlated random walk with the probability density described by the telegraph equation. The telegraph equation can be used to estimate the concentration profiles of the penetrating fluid.
Role of gastrin and cholecystokinin receptors in regulation of peptone-stimulated gastric cid secretion in conscious rats

Abstract With the availability of selective gastrin/CCKB (L365,260) and CCKA (L364,718) receptor antagonists the present study was designed to investigate the role of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors in meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Gastric acid output was measured by continuous intragastric titration in conscious rats. Vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide/saline, 3:1), L365,260 (3 or 9 mg/kg), or L364,718 (1 mg/kg) was given by i.v. bolus injection. Basal acid output was strongly inhibited by both doses of L365,260 while L364,718 had no effect. Intragastric peptone (4%, w/v) increased acid secretion 40–65% of the response to a maximal dose (2.5 nmol/kg per h) of gastrin-17. L365,260 completely abolished gastrin-17 stimulated acid secretion and partially inhibited peptone-induced acid secretion. Blockade of CCKA receptors by L364,718 did not affect peptone-stimulated acid output. This study demonstrates that gastrin/CCKB receptors are important in regulating basal acid secretion in the conscious rat while CCKA receptors do not appear to influence basal or peptone-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Blockade of gastrin/CCKB receptors partially inhibits intragastric meal-stimulated acid secretion indicating that the gastrin/CCKB receptor has a physiological role as mediator of food-stimulated acid secretory response in conscious rats.
Effect of aluminizing of Cr-containing ferritic alloys on the seal strength of a novel high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell sealing glass

A novel high-temperature alkaline earth silicate sealing glass was developed for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The glass was used to join two metallic coupons of Cr-containing ferritic stainless steel for seal strength evaluation. In previous work, SrCrO4 was found to form along the glass/steel interface, which led to severe strength degradation. In the present study, aluminization of the steel surface was investigated as a remedy to minimize or prevent the strontium chromate formation. Three different processes for aluminization were evaluated with Crofer22APU stainless steel: pack cementation, vapor-phase deposition, and aerosol spraying. It was found that pack cementation resulted in a rough surface with occasional cracks in the Al-diffused region. Vapor-phase deposition yielded a smoother surface, but the resulting high Al content increased the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), resulting in the failure of joined coupons. Aerosol spraying of an Al-containing salt resulted in the formation of a thin aluminum oxide layer without any surface damage. The room temperature seal strength was evaluated in the as-fired state and in environmentally aged conditions. In contrast to earlier results with uncoated Crofer22APU, the aluminized samples showed no strength degradation even for samples aged in air. Interfacial and chemical compatibility was also investigated. The results showed aluminization to be a viable candidate approach to minimize undesirable chromate formation between alkaline earth silicate sealing glass and Cr-containing interconnect alloys for SOFC applications.
Challenges and opportunities of a transactional world view: Case study of contemporary Mormon polygynous families

Summarized an ongoing research program on contemporary Mormon polygynous families. Husband-wife and wife-wife relations in plural families are examined from dialectical and transactional world views. Key research issues center on (a) how husbands and wives achieve viable dyadic and communal relationships, and (b) how dyadic and communal issues are managed in social and physical contexts through the life cycle of plural family relationships.
Design and Use of a Settling Chamber for Sampler Evaluation Under Calm-Air Conditions

A compact, low cost, and easy to operate experimental system was developed for evaluating personal samplers in a calm-air environment. The system can provide uniformly distributed monodisperse microspheres up to 69.7 w m in a quiescent environment for determining sampler efficiencies using a fluorescence method. The reference concentration was measured using one vertical and two horizontal sharp-edged probes. The vertical sampling probe met the criterion for greater than 90% sampling efficiency for upward facing cylindrical probes given by Agarwal and Liu, except at the particle size of 69.7 w m. In addition, the consistent agreement among all three reference sampling probes at all particle sizes tested implied that representative measurements of aerosol concentrations in the test section were achieved. In this study, the RespiCon (Model No. 8522, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) and IOM (Cat. No. 225-70, SKC Inc., Eighty Four, PA, USA) personal aerosol samplers were evaluated in the system with air velocitie...
Anesthesia for pediatric laparoscopic cholecystectomy

We report the general anesthetic events and clinical concerns encountered with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 19-month-old toddler. Carbon dioxide was insufflated to create a pneumoperitoneum, with resulting intra-abdominal pressures ranging from 5 to 11 mmHg. The end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) rose as high as 48 mmHg (a 10 mmHg increase from baseline), requiring a 68% increase in minute ventilation to achieve preinsufflation values. Careful monitoring of ventilation, PETCO2, and intra-abdominal pressure are recommended for optimal anesthetic management of the pediatric laparoscopic cholecystectomy patient.
Calculation of energies of excited states using MNDO

The energies of the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) states of 28 molecules have been calculated by the “half-electron” (MNDO-HE) and spin-unrestricted (UMNDO) versions of MNDO. While most of the calculated values are too negative, because of overestimation of the correlation energy in MNDO-HE and UMNDO, the errors are systematic and depend in an understandable way on the nature of the molecular orbitals (MOS) involved. When appropriate corrections are applied, the calculated energies agree with experiment almost as well as they do for ground states. This justifies the use of MNDO-HE or UMNDO for studies of excited state processes.
Firms’ share price reactions to The American Jobs Creation Act

Abstract The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 permitted a one-time 85% dividend received deduction for repatriated foreign earnings. A stated purpose of this legislation was to permit companies to access foreign earnings domestically that would have been too costly previously because of repatriation taxation. Using a portfolio analysis we find that firms with large foreign asset balances experienced significantly positive returns during the legislative window for the Jobs Act, and that these findings also hold for sub-samples that are designated as financially constrained or highly leveraged. These results indicate that the market perceived passage of the Jobs Act as good news for those firms with the need, domestically, for these unrepatriated foreign earnings. We conclude that these findings are supportive of the policy intentions that formed the basis of the temporary reduction in the repatriation taxes.
A One-Level, Mesoscale Model for Diagnosing Surface Winds in Mountainous and Coastal Regions

Abstract This paper describes a one-level, sigma-coordinate, mesoscale model suitable for diagnosing surface winds in mountainous and coastal regions. The model requires only modest computer resources and needs little data for initialization. Energy and momentum conservation equations are integrated under steady, specified synoptic-scale height and temperature fields to a steady state to diagnose surface wind and temperature fields forced by complex terrain. If diabatic forcing is desired, the model uses the steady state results as an initial state from which the model is integrated, with varying diabatic forcing, to the verification time. The model has no mass budget, but under the hydrostatic assumption the mass field (and therefore the surface pressure field) is determined by the vertical temperature structure, which in the model is parameterized in terms of surface temperature. Four model runs and corresponding observed wind fields are presented. They suggest that the model can diagnose many details o...
A heuristic algorithm for minimizing total production time for a sequence of jobs on a surface mount placement machine

In the high-mix, low-volume environment faced by many electronics manufacturers, setup engineering techniques are becoming increasingly imporlant for competitiveness. This is especially true in printed wiring board (PWB) assembly where assignment of components to machine slots is a very time-consuming task. In this paper we develop the intelligent slot-assignment (ISA) algorithm to sequence a group of PWB assembly jobs on one placement machine with the objective of minimizing the total production time. The algorithm consists of two stages: the assignment stage and the reassignment stage. In the first stage, new parts are assigned on the machine with the objective of minimizing setup time; while in the second stage, parts are reassigned to different locations on the machine to minimize the runtime. We also demonstrate that the algorithm tends to produce job sequences which are close to the optimum.
A family of groups with nice word problems

This paper is an outgrowth of my old battle with the open sentence problem for the theory of finite groups. The unsolvability of the word problem for groups (cf. [1] and [4]) entails the undecidability of the open sentence problem for the elementary theory of groups and thus strengthens the original undecidability result for this theory (cf. [7]). The fact that the elementary theory of finite groups is also undecidable (cf. [2] and [6]) therefore justifies my interest in the open sentence problem for that theory. This paper contains a construction of groups that might lead to a negative solution.
Innervation of footpads of normal and mutant mice lacking sweat glands

Footpads of normal adult mice are innervated by sympathetic and sensory fibers. The sympathetic fibers associated with sweat glands contain acetylcholinesterase and immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Although catecholamine histofluorescence is absent, the gland innervation exhibits immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase. A distinct population of sympathetic fibers, which possess catecholamines and neuropeptide Y as well as tyrosinehydroxylase immunoreactivity, innervates blood vessels. Sensory fibers containing immunoreactivity for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide course beneath the epidermis and some form endings in it. Treatment of neonatal mice with the adrenergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, results in loss of sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and blood vessels, permits growth of sensory axons into sweat glands, but does not alter the peptidergic sensory innervation of the dermis and epidermis. Three mouse mutations, Tabby (Ta), crinkled (cr), and downless (dl), disrupt the interactions between the mesenchyme and epidermis that are required for normal development of specific epidermal derivatives, including sweat glands. The sympathetic innervation of blood vessels and sensory innervation of footpad skin of the three mutant mice that lack sweat glands is indistinguishable from normal. The sympathetic fibers that normally innervate sweat glands, however, are not present. These results indicate that in the absence of their normal target, the sympathetic fibers that innervate sweat glands are lacking. Furthermore, they suggest that, although sensory fibers may sprout into sympathetic targets in the footpad, the domains occupied by sensory fibers are not normally accessible to sympathetic axons.
Homotopy types of line arrangements.

We prove that the complement of a real affine line arrangement inC 2 is homotopy equivalent to the canonical 2-complex associated with Randell's presentation of the fundamental group. This provides a much smaller model for the homotopy type of the complement of a real affine 2- or central 3-arrangement than the Salvetti complex and its cousins. As an application we prove that these exist (infinitely many) pairs of central arrangements inC 3 with different underlying matroids whose complements are homotopy equivalent. We also show that two real 3-arrangements whose oriented matroids are connected by a sequence of flips are homotopy equivalent.
On a nonlocal theory of longitudinal waves in an elastic circular bar

After determining the values of the nonlocal moduli for longitudinal waves in an infinite space, Fourier transforms of the equations of axially symmetric longitudinal waves in an infinite circularly cylindrical rod are established and decoupled according to the Pochhammer procedure. Dispersion equation is obtained from the conditions of traction free surface of the rod, and compared with its classical counterpart. While the velocity of long waves coincides, as required, with that derived in the classical case, the velocity of short waves turns out to be about 36% less.
Mechanism of FGF23 processing in fibrous dysplasia

Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a phosphate- and vitamin D-regulating hormone derived from osteoblasts/osteocytes that circulates in both active (intact, iFGF23) and inactive (C-terminal, cFGF23) forms. O-glycosylation by O-glycosyl transferase N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (ppGalNAcT3) and differential cleavage by furin have been shown to be involved in regulating the ratio of active to inactive FGF23. Elevated iFGF23 levels are observed in a number of hypophosphatemic disorders, such as X-linked, autosomal recessive, and autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, whereas low iFGF23 levels are found in the hyperphosphatemic disorder familial tumoral calcinosis/hyperphosphatemic hyperostosis syndrome. Fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD) is associated with increased total FGF23 levels (cFGF23 + iFGF23); however, classic hypophosphatemic rickets is uncommon. Our results suggest that it can be explained by increased FGF23 cleavage leading to an increase in inactive cFGF23 relative to active iFGF23. Given the fact that FD is caused by activating mutations in the small G-protein Gsα that results in increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, we postulated that there may be altered FGF23 cleavage in FD and that the mechanism may involve alterations in cAMP levels and ppGalNacT3 and furin activities. Analysis of blood specimens from patients with FD confirmed that the elevated total FGF23 levels are the result of proportionally increased cFGF23 levels, consistent with less glycosylation and enhanced cleavage by furin. Analysis of primary cell lines of normal and mutation-harboring bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from patients with FD demonstrated that BMSCs harboring the causative Gsα mutation had higher cAMP levels, lower ppGalNAcT3, and higher furin activity. These data support the model wherein glycosylation by ppGalNAcT3 inhibits FGF23 cleavage by furin and suggest that FGF23 processing is a regulated process that controls overall FGF23 activity in FD patients. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Intolerable Wrong and Punishment

Why... do I merit punishment? It is because I have been guilty. I have done 'wrong'... Now the plain man may not know what he means by 'wrong', but he is sure that, whatever it is, it 'ought' not to exist, that it calls and cries for obliteration; that, if he can remove it, it rests also upon him, and that the destruction of guilt, whatever be the consequences, and even if there be no consequences at all, is still a good in itself; and this, not because a mere negation is a good, but because the denial of wrong is the assertion of right.1
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of a selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor SC-560 in rat serum: application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Abstract A method of analysis of SC-560 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole) in biological fluids is necessary to study the kinetics of in vitro and in vivo metabolism. A simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous determination of SC-560 and other products of metabolism in rat serum. Serum (0.1 ml) was precipitated with acetonitrile after addition of the internal standard, testosterone 17-propionate. Separation was achieved on a C8 column with UV-detection at 240 nm. The calibration curve was linear ranging from 0.02 to 100 μg/ml. The mean recovery was >86.7%. Precision of the assay was
Polio extraimmunization in children younger than 2 years after changes in immunization recommendations.

Objective. To investigate trends over time in polio extraimmunization among children in 4 large health maintenance organizations and to study the association with recent changes in polio immunization policy. Methods. Using 176 169 children who were born after 1994 and enrolled for their first 2 years of life, we assessed rates and trends of polio extraimmunization in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project. We used logistic regression to test the association of extraimmunization with different polio immunization schedules and with sociodemographic characteristics and used Poisson regression to test changes in rates over time. Results. Overall, 10.5% were extraimmunized for poliovirus; children on the all inactivated polio virus or sequential schedule were one half as likely as those on the all oral polio virus schedule to be extraimmunized by 2 years of age. There was a significant decrease in extraimmunization over time, with 15% at the beginning of 1994. Conclusions. Poliovirus extraimmunization rates have fallen dramatically in association with the change-over to the all inactivated polio virus schedule.
Waveguide electro-optic modulators based on intrinsically polar self-assembled superlattices (SASs)

In this paper we describe methods of fabricating and characterizing organic electro-optic modulators based on intrinsically polar self-assembled superlattices. These structures are intrinsically acentric, and exhibit large second harmonic generation and electro-optic responses without the requirement of poling by an external electric field. A novel wet chemical protection-deprotection approach for the growth of self-assembled superlattices have been developed, and the refractive indices of self-assembled organic electro-optic superlattices may be tuned during the self-assembly process. Prototype electro-optic modulators based on chromophoric self-assembled superlattices have been designed and fabricated. The effective electro-optic coefficient of the self-assembled superlattice film in a phase modulator is estimated as about 20 pm/V at a wavelength of 1064 nm.
A 10∼15b 60MS/s floating-point ADC with digital gain and offset calibration

A variable-gain amplifier (VGA) with pseudo-random noise (PN) signal-dependent dithering and chopping is proposed. It allows the ADC gain and offset errors to be calibrated digitally in background. A 10~15 b 60 MS/s floating-point ADC (FADC) with variable gains from 1 to 32 enhance the INL from 24 to 0.9 LSB at 15 b level. Its non-linearity resulting from the VGA gain and offset errors is eliminated after calibration. A chip in 0.18 mum CMOS occupies 3.5 x 2.5 mm2 and consumes 300 mW at 1.8 V.
The Moral Economy of the Street: The Bombay Paintings of Gieve Patel and Sudhir Patwardhan

Abstract In the context of contemporary debates concerning the use of urban space in Bombay, this article finds in the paintings of Sudhir Patwardhan and Gieve Patel insights into the aesthetic, moral and political problems confronted by city dwellers in everyday life. By bringing the street into the gallery, the author argues, these artists provide viewers adequate space to contemplate how the street serves as a site of social contestation and overwhelming sensory experience. Against aesthetic theories dismissing contemplation as fundamentally amoral and apolitical, this article finds that this manner of viewing is marshalled here in order to represent the internal life of the individual within the canvas and to incite in the viewer appreciation of the dignity of the human subject.
High school biology: What makes it a challenge for teachers?

This study contributes to our understanding of the complex issues inherent in dealing with the heterogeneity of current high school science classrooms, by reporting on in-depth interviews with 38 experienced biology teachers. Analyses of teachers' responses revealed complex and occasionally counter-intuitive relationships among: (a) their perceptions of what was distinctive about their school, its biology program, or their students; (b) their allocation of class time; (c) their efforts to individualize instruction and meet the needs of a heterogeneous student population; (d) their student outcome goals; and (e) the methods they used to evaluate student progress. Thus, for example, of the 9 teachers who cited the diversity of their students. 4 also commented on their poor motivation, but another 4 also commented on their high motivation. In addition, teachers reported using a similar range of instructional formats but for different reasons, depending on the characteristics of their students (e.g., cooperative learning groups used to compensate for poor attention spans, to challenge bright students, and to foster social tolerance). Discussion of these findings addresses several points of relevance for science education, teacher preparation, and curriculum reform. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Some Perspectives on Team Building A Reply To Glassman and Lundberg

Team building as an intervention is a much more comprehensive action than presented in this article. It involves a range of diagnostic activities before the process begins.