cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Scale Mechanical Behavior of the Li3PS4 Solid-Phase Electrolyte.

The need for smaller, lighter, and longer lasting rechargeable batteries is projected to increase rapidly in the coming years because of high demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles. While traditional Li-ion batteries use liquid-phase electrolytes, these suffer from safety risks and low energy density. Solid-phase electrolytes can avoid these issues by enabling a Li metal anode, but tend to fail during cycling due to Li metal dendrite growth between the electrodes. Because Li dendrite nucleation and growth can be viewed in terms of the mechanical behavior of the battery components, it is critical to understand the mechanical response of candidate electrolyte materials. In this work, we use nanoindentation and bulk acoustic techniques to characterize the mechanical properties of β-Li3PS4, a promising Li-ion conducting ceramic. We find that the bulk and shear moduli of an 80% dense bulk LPS sample are 10–12 GPa and 5–6 GPa, respectively. Although this value of shear modulus may be too low to p...
A Robust Single Event Upset Hardened Clock Distribution Network

Single event upset along with the technology scaling decreases the reliability of the present CMOS circuits. It has recently been shown that the clock distribution network is becoming increasingly vulnerable to single event upset. In this paper a new technique is proposed, that can eliminate more than 90% of SEU in clock distribution network. The proposed technique incurs minimal area overhead and requires negligible design effort.
Emerging Role of MDM2 as Target for Anti-Cancer Therapy: A Review

The mouse/murine protein, MDM2, and its human homolog, HDM2, are important negative regulators of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. In normal, untransformed cells, MDM2 levels are tightly regulated to control expression of p53 and apoptosis. Conversely, MDM2 expression appears inherently higher in multiple types of cancer cells, thereby supporting its role as a suppressor of p53 pro-apoptotic activity. MDM2 amplification ranges between two- and ten-fold as reported in brain, breast, lung, and soft tissue tumors. MDM2 regulates p53 by two mechanisms: acting as a physical blockade of the transcriptional activation domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase. In addition to its relationship with p53, MDM2 behaves as an independent oncogene. These inherent characteristics make MDM2 a promising target for developing anti-cancer therapies. Investigators are now exploring both p53- dependent and independent cancer cell death pathways by targeting MDM2. Disrupting MDM2-p53 interaction with resultant increase in p53 induces cancer cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Targeting over-expressed MDM2 on cancer cell membranes disrupts membrane integrity by pore formation, causing membrane destabilization and rapid cancer cell-specific necrosis. In this review, evidence supporting the evolving role of MDM2 as an anti-cancer target and a molecular-based tumor biomarker will be discussed.
What do U.S. women know about human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer

A45 Background. Cervical cancer screening with the Pap test is well integrated into the U.S. health care system and widely accepted by women. However, recent advances in cervical cancer etiology, specifically the identification of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a necessary cause, are changing clinical perspectives on what tests (HPV DNA vs. cervical cytology) should be used for screening. Also, results support using a vaccine to prevent transmission of certain carcinogenic HPV types. The changing landscape of technologies used to prevent and detect cervical cancer offers new options to women and health care providers. It is therefore critical that women have accurate knowledge about the HPV-cervical cancer link in order to make appropriate, evidence-based health care choices. Data available from special populations (university students and women attending colposcopy clinics) suggest that women know little about HPV. Less is known about HPV awareness among older women and women with average risk for developing cervical cancer. Assessment of the public9s knowledge of HPV in nationally representative samples was identified as a high-priority research aim in 1999 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, but has yet to be achieved. Objectives. To assess factors associated with U.S. women9s awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and knowledge about its link to cervical cancer. Methods. Analyzed cross-sectional data from women ages 18 to 75 years of age responding to the 2005 Health Information National Trends Survey (n = 3,076). Results. Among the 40% of women (n = 1,248) who had ever heard about HPV,
Synthesis of lacto-N-tetraose

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third largest macromolecular component of breast milk and offer infants numerous health benefits, most of which stem from the development of a healthy microbiome. Characterization, quantification, and chemical derivatization of HMOs remains a frontier issue in glycobiology due to the challenge of isolating appreciable quantities of homogenous HMOs from breast milk. Herein, we report the synthesis of the human milk tetrasaccharide lacto-N-tetraose (LNT). LNT is ubiquitous in human breast milk as it is a core structure common to longer-chain HMOs and many glycolipids.
Reflections on a dean's career: Lessons learned

This article presents reflections of a recently retired dean of nursing on lessons learned and recommendations on the decanal role. The experience reflects a twenty-year period in dean positions at research universities in three states. The lessons learned relate to 1) forming a strategic vision, 2) using vision and strategic priorities to inform decisions and actions, and 3) communicating the vision and strategic framework. The conclusion looks to the future development of a cadre of energized and supported future leaders who will assume deanships in nursing.
Lymphoproliferative and Myeloproliferative Disorders

Nomenclature regarding neoplasia of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in the horse is confusing. This article will clarify terminology, and discuss the individual lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders recognized in the horse. Diagnostic techniques that are useful in cases in which hematopoietic or lymphoid tissue neoplasia are suspected include histochemical staining profiles, bone marrow aspiration, and bone marrow biopsy.
Teacher Effects on Complex Cognitive Skills and Social-Emotional Competencies

I exploit the random assignment of class rosters in the MET Project to estimate teacher effects on students' performance on complex open-ended tasks in math and reading, as well as their growth mindset, grit, and effort in class. I find large teacher effects across this expanded set of outcomes, but weak relationships between these effects and performance measures used in current teacher evaluation systems including value-added to state standardized tests. These findings suggest teacher effectiveness is multidimensional, and high-stakes evaluation decisions are only weakly informed by the degree to which teachers are developing students' complex cognitive skills and social-emotional competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Neural oscillations reflect latent learning states underlying dual-context sensorimotor adaptation

Recent studies have suggested that individuals can form multiple motor memories when simultaneously adapting to multiple, but oppositely-oriented perturbations. These findings predict that individuals detect the change in learning context, allowing the selective initialization and update of motor memories. However, previous electrophysiological studies of sensorimotor adaptation have not identified a neural mechanism supporting the detection of a context switch and adaptation to separate contexts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such a mechanism is identifiable through neural oscillations measured through EEG. Human participants learned to manipulate an object in two opposite contexts (mass distribution). This task was designed based on previous work showing that people can adapt to both contexts. We found that sensorimotor α and β, and medial frontal θ frequency bands all exhibited different response patterns with respect to the error in each context. To determine whether any frequency's responses to error were distinctly related to a switch in context, we predicted single-trial EEG data from a computational learning model that can adapt to multiple contexts simultaneously based on a switching mechanism. This analysis revealed that only medial frontal θ was predicted by a component of the model state that adapts to errors based on a context switch. In contrast, α and β were predicted by a model state that was updated from performance errors independent of the context. These findings provide novel evidence showing that sensorimotor and medial frontal oscillations are predicted by different adaptation processes, and that changes in medial frontal activity may indicate the formation of motor memories by responding to changes in learning context.
The fate of methyl bromide, ethylene glycol, and propylene glycol in soil and surface water: influence of soil variables and vegetation on degradation and offsite movement

Recent controversy over the potential role of methyl bromide ^^r) in damaging the ozone layer has spurred interest in qualitatively increasing our understanding of the transformation and movement of this flimigant. In contrast to the extensive uses of this common agricultural fiimigant, there is a paucity of data on the environmental fate of MeBr. Our research indicates MeBr is rapidly volatilized from fumigated soil (within the first 24 hours) and volatility significantly increases with temperature (35 °C > 25 "C > 15 "C) and moisture (-3 kPa > -33 kPa > -300 kPa). Degradation of MeBr, measured by production of bromide ion (Br*), was also positively related to temperature and moisture. Undisturbed soil column studies uidicated that MeBr rapidly volatilized (> 50% of the M^r flux occurred in 48 hours) and did not leach into subsurface soil. Residual MeBr was degraded in the soil column, evident by the high concentrations of Br* in the leachate water. These studies provide valuable information for assessing the fate of MeBr in soil, which should lead to more informed decisions regulating its use.
The nosology of tardive syndromes

Since the original description of side effects of neuroleptics, different terminologies and definitions for tardive dyskinesia (TD) and tardive syndrome (TS) have been used by different authors, and often these two terms have been used interchangeably. This paper proposes a nosology designed to define and clarify various terms and phenomenologies within the TS spectrum. We propose to use the term tardive dyskinesia to refer to the original description of repetitive and complex oral-buccal-lingual (OBL) movements, as well as to the analogous repetitive movements that can appear in the limbs, trunk, or pelvis. The repetitive, relatively rhythmic nature of the movements is the common denominator of this phenomenologic category. The term tardive syndrome refers to the spectrum of all persistent hyperkinetic, hypokinetic and sensory phenomenologies resulting from chronic dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBA) exposure. Thus, TS is an umbrella term. When dystonia is the main feature of TS it is considered to be tardive dystonia (TDyst). Retrocollis appears to be the predominant form of cervical dystonia in this condition. Cranial dystonias, particularly oromandibular dystonia, are also common forms of TDyst. Tardive akathisia refers to the inability to remain still with an urge to move, giving the appearance of restlessness. It is a sensory phenomenon and a common and disabling form of TS. Unlike acute akathisia, tardive akathisia tends to occur late and persists after the drug is withdrawn. In tardive tourettism, the patient exhibits the features of Tourette syndrome with complex motor and phonic tics associated with premonitory urge and relief of tension after performing the tic behavior. Tardive tremor differs from the resting tremor seen in drug-induced parkinsonism in that it is mainly a postural and kinetic greater than resting tremor. Tardive pain has been reported in association with chronic use of DRBA's. The pain involved the mouth, tongue and the genital region. The patients tended to obsess over the pain and usually had some other form of motor tardive syndrome, either tardive dyskinesia, tardive akathisia or tardive dystonia. The term tardive parkinsonism has been proposed for those drug induced parkinsonism patients who have persistent symptoms following discontinuation of the DRBA. However, there is a strong possibility that the DRBA may have simply unmasked subclinical parkinsonism or that there is coincident Parkinson disease developing during the period the patient is taking the DRBA.
Local muscle flaps minimize post-operative wound morbidity in patients with neoplastic disease of the spine.

Abstract Objectives Patients with neoplastic disease involving the spine either from primary or metastatic disease present a unique challenge given these patients’ frequent poor nutritional status at the time of surgery, the delivery of early post-operative chemotherapy or radiation, and placement of large amounts of hardware and avascular bone graft into a wound bed that is atrophic, previously operated or irradiated. As a result, wound morbidity has traditionally been high in this cohort of patients. Herein we review the outcomes of patients at our institution who underwent local muscle flap closure following spinal tumor extirpation. Patients and Methods Between 2007 and 2017, 55 patients with oncologic disease of the spine underwent 60 spine surgeries and concomitant muscle flap reconstruction. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for diagnosis and indications for surgery, as well as risk factors for poor wound healing including diabetes, steroid use, body mass index (BMI), history of pre-operative chemo and or radiation therapy, preoperative albumin and hemoglobin levels. Outcomes were postoperative wound related complications including surgical site infection, wound dehiscence and/or need for reoperation. Results 60 reconstructions were included in 55 patients. Median follow up was 253 days. Paraspinous muscle flaps were used in all cases. There were 2 major complications (3.3%) related to wound infections which required reoperation and 10 minor wound complications (16.7%), of which 9 were subcutaneous seromas aspirated in the office, that did not require return to the operating room. Median postoperative stay in the hospital was 10 days. Closed suction drains placed at the end of the reconstruction were removed at a median of 17.5 days. Regression analysis found patient BMI to be a significant risk predictor for wound related post-operative complications. Conclusions Post-operative wound specific complications that required return to the operating room were uncommon despite the high-risk profile of this subset of patients. These data indicate that muscle flap closure should be routinely practiced in this high-risk cohort of patients.
Molecular determinant of steriospecific response by the human P-glycoprotein to isomers of antipsychotic drug flupentixol

3236 Human P-glycoprotein (ABCB1 or Pgp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump capable of transporting a large variety of structurally unrelated hydrophobic compounds, which include many anticancer drugs and antimicrobial agents. Apart from its transport substrates, Pgp is also known to interact with a broad spectrum of pharmacological agents with modulatory properties. The mechanism by which Pgp can recognize such a diverse group of chemical compounds is yet to be clearly understood. Interestingly, although Pgp can accommodate a considerable degree of structural diversity in its ligand-binding pocket, a precise mode of molecular recognition is apparent from its ability to discriminate between small structural variations. This is evident from the two diametrically opposite effects generated by the cis and trans isomers of the antipsychotic drug flupentixol on ATP hydrolysis and substrate binding by Pgp. In this study, using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, we identify residue F770 in TM8 as a key component involved in the sensing mechanism that discriminate the structural difference between the two isomers of flupentixol. Substitution of F770 by an alanine (F770A) dramatically reversed the inhibitory potentials of trans (E)flupentixol on ATP hydrolysis as well as IAAP binding to stimulatory signals. No change was observed in the nature of modulation by the cis isomer of flupentixol, or by other structurally unrelated modulators like verapamil and cyclosorin A. The effect seems to be specific to F770, since substitutions of other nonsonserved residues in TM8 did not show any significant alteration in modulatory properties of flupentixol. To understand the mechanism, we are changing F770 to other amino acid residues with different physicochemical properties studying their effects on other closely related structural analogs of flupentixol.
Gut microbiota dysbiosis and diarrhea in kidney transplant recipients.

Posttransplant diarrhea is associated with kidney allograft failure and death, but its etiology remains unknown in the majority of cases. Because altered gut microbial ecology is a potential basis for diarrhea, we investigated whether posttransplant diarrhea is associated with gut dysbiosis. We enrolled 71 kidney allograft recipients for serial fecal specimen collections in the first 3 months of transplantation and profiled the gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V4-V5 deep sequencing. The Shannon diversity index was significantly lower in 28 diarrheal fecal specimens from 25 recipients with posttransplant diarrhea than in 112 fecal specimens from 46 recipients without posttransplant diarrhea. We found a lower relative abundance of 13 commensal genera (Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P ≤ .15) in the diarrheal fecal specimens including the same 4 genera identified in our prior study. The 28 diarrheal fecal specimens were also evaluated by a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for 22 bacterial, viral, and protozoan gastrointestinal pathogens, and 26 specimens were negative for infectious etiologies. Using PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) to predict metagenomic functions, we found that diarrheal fecal specimens had a lower abundance of metabolic genes. Our findings suggest that posttransplant diarrhea is not associated with common infectious diarrheal pathogens but with a gut dysbiosis.
The Carbon Cycle: Production and Transformations of Organic Matter

The sea contains a substantial amount of carbon compared to that present in the atmosphere* or in terrestrial organisms (Table 13-1); only rock deposits contain more carbon, but these resources are not involved in the carbon cycle at ecologically meaningful time scales.
Validation of a Water HOBO and the Noldus Observer® for Visits to the Water Nipple Drinker for the Nursery Pig

Assimilating accurate behavioral events over a significant period of recorded time can be time consuming. If an automatic device could accurately record duration and frequency for a given behavioral event, this would provide a useful tool for ethology. Eleven gilts were used to compare two methods of recording drinking behavior in pigs; Observer software (OBS) and water meter Hobos (WMHOBO) affixed onto the water line. The method of observation affected (P = 0.0008) the duration and visits (P = 0.0048) at the nipple waterer. The adjusted R 2 value was 0.5633 and 0.6871 for duration and visits to the nipple waterer, respectively. In conclusion, the relationship between methods used to predict time spent at the nipple waterer and number of visits was weak. In addition, OBS method underestimated the number of visits to the nipple waterer and overestimated the total duration of drinking behavior for the nursery pig compared to the WMHOBO. As the relationship between methods was weak, it cannot be concluded that one method is as accurate as the other.
Anatomic suitability for “off-the-shelf” thoracic single side-branched endograft in patients with type B aortic dissection

Abstract Objective Treatment of type B aortic dissections with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has been adopted in many centers with the goal of covering the proximal entry tear. Coverage of the left subclavian artery (LSCA) is commonly required to achieve a dissection-free proximal seal zone. A novel thoracic single side-branched (TSSB) endograft device offers a potential off-the-shelf option to achieve total endovascular incorporation of LSCA during zone 2 TEVAR. The aim of this study was to determine what percentage of patients with type B aortic dissection who require zone 2 TEVAR meet the anatomical requirements for this device. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing TEVAR for type B aortic dissections at a single institution from 2006 to 2016 were evaluated. Three-dimensional centerline reconstruction of preoperative computed tomography angiography was performed to identify the diameter of the aorta, distances between branch vessels, diameter of the target branch vessel, and location of the primary entry tear. Only patients who met criteria for zone 2 TEVAR were included in the analysis. The primary outcome was percentage of patients that meet all anatomical requirements for TSSB. Individual criteria were evaluated independently, and results were stratified by dissection chronicity. Results Eighty-seven patients who underwent TEVAR for Stanford type B aortic dissections were reviewed. Fifty-seven (66%) would have required zone 2 TEVAR. Indications for TEVAR were malperfusion (12), aneurysm (15), persistent pain (22), rupture (3), uncontrolled hypertension (5), and other (3). Mean follow-up was 19 months (range, 1-72 months). Only 16 of the 57 patients (28%) met all the requirements for anatomic suitability. The primary contributor was that only 49% of patients had sufficient length between arch branches to prevent coverage of a proximal branch. Conclusions Although the new TSSB device can allow for a more proximal seal zone and eliminate the need for open aortic arch debranching, only 28% of patients with type B dissection who required zone 2 TEVAR met all the anatomic requirements for this device. Future devices will need to account for the short distance between the left carotid and LSCA to be more broadly applicable.
Instructional Leadership for School Improvement

This book explores the principal’s role in meeting high expectations for student achievement. It provides detailed tips and strategies to show you what principals need to do to: assess and promote a culture and climate for school improvement, build teams and support the work their work, create the conditions so that teacher leaders can emerge, and monitor school improvement efforts
Racial and gender trends and trajectories in access to managerial jobs.

Abstract The study of temporal dynamics is essential to the advance of social science. In the study of inequality, preliminary to explaining patterns in gaps between groups is the prior task of detecting those patterns. Developing a multiple latent trajectory strategy, this paper proposes an inductive approach to the detection of inequality trends. Investigating managerial representation for Black men, Black women, White women and White men in a very large panel sample of private sector workplaces, we show that trajectories of managerial representation for each status group are much more complex than the common deductive approach leads us to believe. In fact, the volatility and the multiplicity of trajectories is one of the markers of enduring disadvantage for African Americans. Further, we demonstrate that current organizational inequality explanations can be employed and improved within this inductive methodology. The findings underscore the importance of interaction and contingency in the production of inequalities, in agreement with relational approaches to organizational inequality.
Association of Macular and Circumpapillary Microvasculature with Visual Field Sensitivity in Advanced Glaucoma

Purpose To evaluate the association between optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) macular and circumpapillary vessel density and visual field mean deviation (MD) in advanced primary open angle glaucoma. Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Macula (superficial layer) and optic nerve head (ONH) with capillary density (CD) and without vessel density (VD) automated removal of large vessels OCTA of 34 eyes (34 patients, MD Results Macular and ONH VD decreased significantly with worsening MD. Each 1-dB decrease in MD was associated with a reduction of 0.43% and 0.46% for macular wiVD and pfVD with R2 of 0.28 and 0.27, respectively (all P Conclusions ONH and macula OCTA VD and thickness are associated with the severity of visual field damage in advanced primary open angle glaucoma.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Emergency Department Utilization and Diagnosis for Sports-Related Head Injuries

Background: Prior studies have shown racial differences in concussion awareness and outcome. Objective: To assess if racial or ethnic differences exist in Emergency Department (ED) utilization and diagnosis for children with sports-related head injuries. Methods: We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of ED visits from 2008 to 2017 using National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) data. Population-weighted ED visits for children age 7-18 years with a sport-related injury were included. We compared the probability of an ED visit being for an injury to the head or diagnosed as a concussion between children of different races/ethnicities. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, sport, year, and location where the injury occurred. Results: We identified 11,529,994 population-weighted ED visits for pediatric sports-related injuries, of which 1,497,717 (13.0%) were injuries to the head and 619,714 (5.4%) received a diagnosis of concussion. Black children were significantly less likely than non-Hispanic white children to have their ED visit be for an injury to the head [Odds Ratio (OR) 0.72, 95%CI 0.65-0.79] or concussion (OR 0.58, 95%CI 0.50-0.68). Black children presenting to the ED with an injury to their head were less likely than non-Hispanic white children to be diagnosed with a concussion (OR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.59-0.85). Conclusions: Racial differences exist in both ED utilization for pediatric sports-related head injuries and in the diagnosis of concussion. Further work is needed to understand these differences to ensure all brain injured athletes receive optimal care, regardless of race.
Challenges in Learning Akshara orthographies for Second language Learners

Marathi is a language derived from Sanskrit and spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India. In this chapter, we describe Marathi’s orthographic and phonological systems. The script used to write Marathi is Devanagari. Because Devanagari is described in the Hindi chapter (Singh & Sumathi), we focus our description on how it is implemented in Marathi and how this differs from how Devanagari is implemented in Hindi. In addition to describing the orthographic and phonological systems separately, we explain how Marathi’s orthography codes phonology. Written Marathi is generally transparent. However, there are some exceptions including graphs that code multiple phonemes and an inconsistent expression of the schwa vowel. After describing the language and its writing system, we summarize experiments with both native Marathi speakers and second language learners of Marathi. For native speakers, we explain the consequences of inconsistent schwa expression for speakers’ awareness of the vowel. For second language learners, we review experiments comparing different methods for teaching Marathi’s orthographic and phonological systems.
Alternative Teacher Preparation Programs: Examination Through a Marketing Lens:

This investigation used the 7 P’s Service Marketing Mix (i.e., product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and processes) to review development and recruitment strategies of specia...
The influence of emotion on memory in forensic settings.

Being the witness or victim of a crime is in most cases a highly emotional experience—during the crime itself and in the minutes (or months) afterward. If the crime involves or threatens violence, the witnesses and victims are likely to feel fear. Other crimes will leave the witnesses and victims feeling angry, and still other crimes might trigger an episode of emotional disturbance (e.g., anxiety or depression) that continues long after the crime itself. And in some cases, these emotional reactions will be quite strong—perhaps rising to the level we call trauma.
Assessing mobile health feasibility and acceptability among HIV-infected cocaine users and their healthcare providers: guidance for implementing an intervention.

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) can provide innovative, cost-effective strategies to improve medication adherence and optimize HIV treatment outcomes. Very little, however, is known about the acceptability and feasibility of mHealth among people with HIV (PWH) who use drugs. Our study objective was to assess feasibility, acceptability, and barriers and facilitators of implementing an mHealth intervention among PWH who are cocaine users, a group for whom no pharmacological treatment to reduce cocaine use is available. Methods: Five focus groups (FGs) (N=20) were conducted with PWH who self-reported cocaine use in the past 30 days, with 3 groups (N=8) of healthcare providers. Topics included previous experience with smartphones; barriers and facilitators of mobile technology for health purposes; and attitudes toward receiving types of feedback about adherence. Results: Patients preferred text reminders over phone calls for reasons of privacy, accessibility and economizing phone minutes. Direct communication via text messages and phone calls was considered more appropriate for social workers and case managers, who have greater frequency of communication and deeper relationships with patients, and less so for doctors, who see patients less regularly than community health workers. Patients seem particular about who has what information, and overall, they seem to prefer that their medical information, especially HIV-related, stay within the confines of patient-provider relationships. Conclusions: HIV still provokes stigma and makes health information particularly sensitive for both providers and patients. The rise of mobile technology and related applications such as mHealth, means that new norms have to be established for its use. Participants’ suggestions and feedback informed the design of a subsequent mHealth pilot randomized control trial to improve medication adherence.
Are Students Scared or Prepared? Psychological Impacts of a Multi-Option Active Assailant Protocol Compared to Other Crisis/Emergency Preparedness Practices

Debates concerning active assailant protocols across American schools have grown in size and contention. While both sides of this debate have the safety and well-being of our nation’s youth at hear...
Schrödinger Cat State Spectroscopy-A New Frontier for Analytical Chemistry.

The invention of the laser generated great excitement because its ability to create quantum state coherences could form a new family of coherent spectroscopies that were the optical analogue of mul...
Thermodynamic properties of ε -Fe with thermal electronic excitation effects on vibrational spectra

The thermodynamic properties of hexagonal-close-packed iron $(\ensuremath{\epsilon}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Fe})$ are essential for investigating the internal structure and dynamic properties of planetary cores. Despite their importance to planetary sciences, experimental investigations of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Fe}$ at relevant conditions are still challenging. Therefore, ab initio calculations are crucial to elucidating the thermodynamic properties of this system. Here, we use a free energy calculation scheme based on the phonon gas model compatible with temperature-dependent phonon frequencies. We investigate the effects of electronic thermal excitations, which introduces a temperature dependence on phonon frequencies, and the implication for the thermodynamic properties of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Fe}$ at extreme pressure $(P)$ and temperature $(T)$ conditions. We disregard phonon-phonon interactions, i.e., anharmonicity and their effect on phonon frequencies. Nevertheless, the current scheme is also applicable to $T$-dependent anharmonic frequencies. We conclude that the impact of thermal electronic excitations on vibrational properties is not significant up to \ensuremath{\sim}4000 K at 200 GPa but should not be ignored at higher temperatures or pressures. However, the static free energy ${F}_{\mathrm{st}}$ must always include the effect of thermal excitation fully in a continuum of $T$. Our results for isentropic equations of state show good agreement with data from recent ramp compression experiments up to 1400 GPa conducted at the National Ignition Facility.
Does religious morality predict party affiliation better than political ideology? An empirical approach using psycho-social metrics constructed through item response modeling

In the current era of more extreme political and religious views coming into the mainstream, this paper investigates whether party affiliation is associated with the concept of religious morality m...
Gasping for war drama: the “about to die moment” of the Osama bin Laden assassination

This essay reads iterations of Pete Souza’s “Situation Room” photograph across media contexts as an effect of an overdetermined public desire for U.S. redemption in the War on Terror. I argue that ...
Deep memory distortions.

Abstract Deep distortions are a new family of memory biases that comprise one of the two basic varieties of false memory. The first and older variety, surface distortions, are specific item or source memories that are erroneous because the events did not happen. The new variety, deep distortions, are emergent properties of multiple specific memories. They are relations among such memories that are false because they violate objective logical rules that real-world events must obey. I discuss four deep distortions for which substantial data have accumulated: overdistribution, super-overdistribution, non-additivity, and impossible conjunctions. These phenomena violate four axioms of classical probability (numerical bound, universal event, additivity, and countable additivity) and two rules that follow from them (empty set and monotonicity). Their psychological significance lies in four facts about them: (a) They demonstrate that although events in the real world are compensatory, our memories of them are not; (b) they establish that we persistently over remember experience; (c) they reveal that surface distortions are by-products of deep distortions; and (d) they pose the theoretical conundrum of how the structure of memory could so thoroughly misrepresent the objective structure of the events we are remembering.
Normative Data on the Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI‐II) in College Students

Objective This study was conducted to provide normative data on the Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI-II) in college students. Method Data were obtained from 15,233 college students drawn from 17 universities in the United States, weighted to match the gender and race/ethnicity of enrollment in degree-granting institutions. Results Descriptive statistics, point prevalence of individuals exceeding cutoff scores, and mean differences by gender and race/ethnicity were provided. Because the distribution of BDI-II scores was not normal, percentile ranks for raw scores were provided for the total sample and separately by gender and race/ethnicity for the total sample and by race/ethnicity for men and women. Normative data were used to calculate the Reliable Change Index on the BDI-II for college students. Conclusion Because the distribution of BDI-II scores demonstrated significant skewness and non-normal kurtosis, percentile ranks are important to consider in interpreting scores on the measure, in addition to descriptive statistics.
Motion and Structure Factorization and Segmentation of Long Multiple Motion Image Sequences

This paper presents a computer algorithm which, given a dense temporal sequence of intensity images of multiple moving objects, will separate the images into regions showing distinct objects, and for those objects which are rotating, will calculate the three-dimensional structure and motion. The method integrates the segmentation of trajectories into subsets corresponding to different objects with the determination of the motion and structure of the objects. Trajectories are partitioned into groups corresponding to the different objects by fitting the trajectories from each group to a hierarchy of increasingly complex motion models. This grouping algorithm uses an efficient motion estimation algorithm based on the factorization of a measurement matrix into motion and structure components. Experiments are reported using two real image sequences of 50 frames each to test the algorithm.
Self phase modulation induced spectral broadening in silicon waveguides

We have investigated spectral broadening as a mean to generate multiple wavelengths on a silicon chip. A 2/spl times/ broadening at 22 W//spl mu/m/sup 2/ of peak pulse power is demonstrated and a 7/spl times/ is predicted at 70 W/cm/sup 2/.
Inhibition of aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats

Abstract Pre- and/or simultaneous administration to rats of inhibitors (SKF 525A) and stimulators (3-methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital) of the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes together with the nephrotoxic aminonucleoside of puromycin had no effect on the nephrotoxicity of the latter, as determined by the time of onset and severity of proteinuria. SKF 525A and phenobarbital did, however, affect the hepatic enzyme systems as evidenced by significant differences between hexobarbital sleeping times of experimental rats and control rats that received no drugs. Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, likewise had no effect on PA nephrotoxicity. It thus appears that metabolism of aminonucleoside along the purine catabolic pathway is not causally related to aminonucleoside toxicity in the rat.
Coming unmoored: Disproportionate increases in obesity prevalence among young, disadvantaged White women

Objectives Since the 1980s, older, low-educated White women experienced an unprecedented decrease in life expectancy. We investigated whether a similar phenomenon was evident among younger women for obesity. Methods Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, age-adjusted changes were estimated in the prevalence of overall and abdominal obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference > 88 cm) between 1988-1994 and 2003-2010 among non-Hispanic White women aged 25-44 years, stratified by educational attainment (<high school (HS), HS, some college, college degree). To address bias from secular increases in educational attainment, White women's changes in obesity prevalence were compared to changes among similarly educated Black women. Results Relative increases in overall obesity were disproportionately larger for low-educated (<HS) compared to college-educated White women: 12.3 (95% CI: 3.1, 21.5) percentage points (ppts). For overall and abdominal obesity, general trends indicated dissimilar racial differences by educational attainment. For instance, overall obesity increased more in Blacks than Whites among college-educated (9.9 ppts) but not low-educated (−2.5 ppts) women. Conclusions Contemporary young, low-educated White women showed indications of disproportionate worsening of overall obesity prevalence compared to more educated White and similarly educated Black women. Low education levels are more powerful indicators of obesity risk among contemporary White women than 30 years ago.
Searching for candidate genes in acute lung injury: SNPs, Chips and PBEF.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a devastating illness, occurring in the setting of sepsis, with genetic variations contributing to ALI susceptibility and severity. We utilized the “candidate gene approach” with extensive expression profiling in animal and human ALI models to identify novel candidate genes. We noted significant expression of pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF), a gene not previously associated with lung pathophysiology. This finding was validated by molecular, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches with increased levels of PBEF also detected in human BAL and serum. DNA sequencing identified two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PBEF promoter (T-1001G, C-1543T), which were genotyped in a Caucasian cohort of sepsis-associated ALI patients. Carriers of the GC haplotype exhibited a 5.7-fold relative ALI risk compared to controls associated with increased PBEF promoter activity. These studies demonstrate the successful application of genomic technologies in the identification of novel candidate genes in complex lung disease.
Stability conditions for a digital discrete-time non-Foster circuit element

Digital discrete-time implementations of non-Foster circuit elements offer an alternative to conventional analog circuit approaches. In particular, the design of a discrete-time negative capacitor is investigated, since such non-Foster circuit elements offer significant potential in wideband antenna, metamaterial, and artificial magnetic conductor applications. As with analog non-Foster circuits, stability is an important design consideration for digital non-Foster elements. Therefore, stability conditions and simulation results are presented for a discrete-time negative capacitor, and the onset of instability is shown near the predicted stability boundary.
Method for determining the average degree of substitution of o-vanillin derivatized porcine somatotropin

Electrospray mass spectral observation directly on a sample of a derivatized protein, such as porcine somatotropin (pST), affords a method for evaluating the degree of substitution of this protein. Derivatization of the lysine residues and the terminal amino residue here by formation of a Schiff base with a small aromatic aldehyde (in this case, o-vanillin) affords stabilization of the protein so that it may be used in a controlled release veterinary pharmaceutical formulation. This method permits direct observation of substitutions, optimization of manufacturing procedures for producing a commercial product, and permits quality evaluation of material.
The saccule may be the transducer for directional hearing of nonostariophysine teleosts

The hearing of fishes is transduced by the otolithic end-organs of the eighth nerve. In several nonostariophysine fish, the nerve innervation and hair cell orientation in the saccule, one otolithic organ, suggest that directionality is encoded by a set of mutually perpendicular sensory epithelia. The anterior saccular branch innervates only the hair cell groups oriented along the rostrocaudal body axis which are located at the anterior of the saccule. The posterior saccular branches innervate the hair cell groups oriented along the dorsoventral body axis and are found at the posterior of the saccule.
Improving assessment of personality disorder traits through social network analysis

When assessing personality disorder traits, not all judges make equally valid judgments of all targets. The present study uses social network analysis to investigate factors associated with reliability and validity in peer assessment. Participants were groups of military recruits (N = 809) who acted as both targets and judges in a round-robin design. Participants completed self- and informant versions of the Multisource Assessment of Personality Pathology. Social network matrices were constructed based on reported acquaintance, and cohesive subgroups were identified. Judges who shared a mutual subgroup were more reliable and had higher self-peer agreement than those who did not. Partitioning networks into two subgroups achieved more consistent improvements than multiple subgroups. We discuss implications for multiple informant assessments.
Screening examination of the larynx and pharynx during upper gastrointestinal panendoscopy

With the flexible fiberoptic esophagogastroduodenoscopes now in use, the larynx and posterior pharynx can be easily viewed during routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Screening laryngeal-pharyngeal examinations were carried out during 1120 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies. Mean additional examination time was 30 sec. Thirty-nine laryngeal lesions were detected, mostly variants of chronic laryngitis. Two patients had leukoplakia, one of whom on subsequent biopsy revealed squamous cell cancer. The brief additional endoscopic time may result in the detection of early curable neoplasms. Thus a screening laryngeal-pharyngeal examination should be part of each upper gastrointestinal endoscopic examination.
An infinite stochastic model of social network formation

Abstract We consider an infinite interacting particle system in which individuals choose neighbors according to evolving sets of probabilities. If x chooses y at some time, the effect is to increase the probability that y chooses x at later times. We characterize the extremal invariant measures for this process. In an extremal equilibrium, the set of individuals is partitioned into finite sets called stars, each of which includes a “center” that is always chosen by the other individuals in that set.
On deriving models in the social sciences

Five different kinds of derivation are examined. The first are measurement representations, the second are regression-type models, the third are non-Markov observable models with process assumptions. The fourth are discrete Markov models with unobservable variables playing a theoretical role, and finally, the fifth return to the classical derivation of differential equations so characteristic of the physical sciences. Also discussed are some general issues raised by these various methods of derivation. I touch at least briefly on questions of axiomatization, the use of theoretical or unobservable variables, and the relative importance of measurement procedures.
Transferring best practices to healthcare: opportunities and challenges

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the opportunities and challenges in the healthcare sector for learning and transferring from other sectors the concepts, best practices, and tools for improving quality, safety, and productivity. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, the various approaches for improving quality, safety, and productivity are considered. How these approaches are being used in healthcare are analyzed. The obstacles to their successful implementation in healthcare are discussed. Findings – The paper finds that there are many approaches, best practices, tools, and technologies for improving quality and safety – which have proved their worth in other industries – that are relevant for the healthcare sector. There are some characteristics of the healthcare industry that distinguish it from other industries. Although the managerial processes in the healthcare industry are similar to those of other industries, the prevalent norms, culture, practices, and the regulatory frame...