cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Carbon–Sulfur Bond Activation by a Reactive (dippe)Pd Fragment

The reactivity of [Pd(dippe)(μ-H)]2 (1) and [(μ-dippe)Pd]2 (2) (dippe = 1,2-bis(diisopropylphosphino)ethane) toward C–S bonds in thiophene derivatives and thioethers was investigated, which led to C–S bond activation products. The thiapalladacycles derived from thiophenic substrates were fully characterized by 1H, 31P, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The stability of the C–S insertion products was probed by performing competition experiments which follow the thermodynamic stability order (dippe)Pd(κ2C,S-benzothiophene) (6) > (dippe)Pd(κ2C,S-dibenzothiophene) (8) > (dippe)Pd(κ2C,S-thiophene) (3). The reactivity of the thiapalladacycles with small molecules such as H2, CO, and alkynes was investigated.
Preludes to Pragmatism: Toward a Reconstruction of Philosophy

Pragmatism has influenced an increasing number of academic fields over the last few decades, and the fields of rhetoric and communication studies are no exception. Philip Kitcher’s recent book, Pre...
Antidepressant use and circulating prolactin levels

To determine whether antidepressants (AD), specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are linked to elevated prolactin levels among the general population. Circulating prolactin levels were available for 4593 healthy participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHS2, including 267 AD users. We fit generalized linear models to calculate and compare adjusted mean prolactin levels between AD users and non-users and further among SSRI users. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for “elevated” prolactin levels (>11 ng/mL) comparing AD users to non-users. We evaluated AD use and change in prolactin levels among 610 NHS participants with two measurements an average of 11 years apart. Adjusted geometric mean prolactin levels were similar among SSRI users (13.2 ng/mL, 95 % CI 12.2–14.4), users of other classes of ADs (12.7 ng/mL, 95 % CI 11.0–14.6), and non-users (13.1 ng/mL, 95 % CI 12.8–13.4). Neither AD use (OR 1.17, 95 % CI 0.89–1.53) nor SSRI use (OR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.66–1.38) was associated with elevated prolactin levels. Change in prolactin levels was similar across women who started, stopped, consistently used, or never used ADs. This study does not support the hypothesis that AD use would influence breast cancer risk via altered prolactin levels. These results provide some evidence that use of ADs to treat depression or other conditions may not substantially increase prolactin levels in the majority of women.
Correlation between selective pedobarographic and radiographic measures in the assessment of surgically treated CTEV patients.

OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the correlation between selective pedobarographic and radiographic measures in patients with surgically treated congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 50 patients [70 feet; 34 girls (68%) and 16 boys (32%); mean age 11.2 months; range 3-30.6 months] surgically treated for CTEV with a mean follow-up of 8.7 years (range 4.3 to 15 years). Patients had radiographic and pedobarographic measurements simultaneously. The right and left feet were assessed separately. The relationship between selective pedobarographs and standing weight-bearing radiographs of the foot was assessed by the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS There were moderate correlations between selective pedobarographic and radiographic measures in surgically treated CTEV patients. The strongest positive correlations were between the right heel rise and right anteroposterior calcaneal-5(th) metatarsal angle (r=0.54, p=0.001) and, the right anteroposterior talo-1(st) metatarsal angle (r=0.48, p=0.003). A similar strong positive correlation was observed between lateral tibiocalcaneal angle and left heel rise parameters (r=0.42, p=0.01). CONCLUSION There were moderate correlations between selective pedobarographic and radiographic measures of surgically treated CTEV. However, the pedobarographic measure is a direct measure of the contact force of the foot with the ground and therefore has a more direct functional implication than radiographic measures.
Bordering Borderscapes: Australia’s Use of Humanitarian Aid and Border Security Support to Immobilise Asylum Seekers

ABSTRACTThis article documents Australia’s use of border security support and humanitarian aid as border externalisations immobilising asylum seekers as far from Australia as possible. The Australian Government frames border securitisation through regionalism, as an effort to achieve a “regional solution” to asylum seeking irregular migration. Correspondingly, scholars have documented Australia’s externalisations in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. However, Australia’s efforts are not regionally circumscribed and this article analyses the spatial and temporal flexibility of Australia’s border externalisations; Australia’s strategy of targeting borderscapes of asylum seeking as they emerge and change. In doing so, the article examines how the Australian Government has assembled externalisations in South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Australia’s use of humanitarian aid to make places housing asylum seekers more hospitable, yet confining, to the displaced is detailed. Also analysed is Australia’s b...
160 NODULAR GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS UNMASKING IMPAIRED FASTING GLUCOSE.

Introduction Nodular glomerulosclerosis is a recognized complication of diabetes. We report a case with a similar pathology in a patient with impaired fasting glucose. Case A 46-year-old female with a 5-year history of hypertension was admitted with a 1-month history of gradually worsening pedal edema and weight gain. She had a family history of diabetes but denied symptoms of hyperglycemia. On physical examination, she had a blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg with pitting pedal edema. Her BMI was 35. Pertinent laboratory data: hemoglobin 8.5 g/dL, serum albumin 1.9 g/dL, BUN 14 mg/dL, creatinine 1.3 mg/dL (MDRD GFR 46 mL/min), cholesterol 182 mg/dL, triglycerides 128 mg/dL, LDL 105 mg/dL, and HDL 51 mg/dL. Her fasting glucose readings ranged from 90 to 112 mg/dL, suggesting impaired fasting glucose. Glycosylated hemoglobin was 6.4%. Urinalysis was remarkable for proteinuria (quantified at 14 g) and glucosuria. Normal-sized kidneys were noted on ultrasonography. A kidney biopsy performed to ascertain the etiology of the proteinuria revealed nodular glomerulosclerosis with arterial hyalinosis. Secondary causes of nodular glomerulosclerosis such as multiple myeloma, light-chain deposition disease, and amyloidosis were ruled out. Fundoscopy revealed features suggestive of diabetic retinopathy. Discussion Rare accounts of nodular glomerulosclerosis occurring in the absence of overt diabetes have been reported. Patients with such a presentation are predominantly middle-aged, hypertensive men who have a history of obesity. A family history of diabetes is often present. Additionally, renal failure at presentation and retinal changes consistent with diabetic retinopathy have also been noted. This has led to speculation that factors other than hyperglycemia may be responsible for end-organ damage. These include genetic susceptibility, hypertension, and smoking. A number of other reasons may explain the apparent lack of hyperglycemia. Delayed insulin catabolism and poor appetite, which often accompanies renal failure, may mask the hyperglycemic state, whereas insulin resistance decreases as weight is lost. If hypertension coexists, it contributes to the acceleration of the underlying nephropathy. Conclusion Impaired fasting glucose should be considered as an etiology of nodular glomerulosclerosis, especially in individuals with the above characteristics
Radiologic identification of unknown human remains

During the 15 months from April 1978 through July 1979, 3964 cases were referred to the City of St. Louis, Office of the Medical Examiner. Of these, 71 (1.8%) required investigation to establish identification (ID). All cases were rigorously investigated to establish the most scientifically sound ID possible. In addition to evidence from the scene, fingerprint, dental, and X-ray studies were attempted. Fifty (80.4%) individuals were scientifically identified, 17 (24%) were circumstantially identified, and 4 (5.6%) remain unidentified. Thirty (60%) of the 50 scientific IDs were by comparison of premortem and postmortem radiographs. Positive ID was accomplished in 22 cases of decomposition, 4 fire victims, 2 inadvertent body misidentifications, 1 submersion victim, and 1 suicide. Although all regions of the body were useful for ID, chest, skull, and abdominal radiographs were most frequently helpful. Anatomic, disease, and postsurgical features provided the unique features necessary for identification.
Building Bridges: A case for community health worker provision of misoprostol only abortion in the first trimester

Abstract Introduction: The consequences of unsafe abortion are devastating to women, their families, and their communities. Medication abortion presents an important alternative to harmful self-induction practices and surgical intervention under questionable circumstances. In settings where mifepristone is unavailable, the use of misoprostol alone is a safe and effective option for terminating an unwanted pregnancy. Studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of administration of misoprostol by community health workers (CHW) for indications such as postpartum hemorrhage and treatment of incomplete abortion. Objectives: The current study assesses the safety and efficacy of CHW managing misoprostol-only abortion in the first trimester. Methods: A retrospective review of clinical files of women who received abortion services in three countries in Latin America between April 2009 and December 2015 included analysis of 173 cases. Results: In 94% of cases, the pregnancy was terminated without any further ...
Do not break up the surgical team! Familiarity and expertise affect operative time in complex surgery.

Abstract Background The effects of replacing a surgeon's familiar, experienced certified surgical assistant (CSA) on perioperative outcomes in complex surgery were investigated. Methods An interrupted time series of totally laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomies performed by a single surgeon was retrospectively studied. Segmented regression analysis estimated replacement effects on estimated blood loss (EBL) and operative time. Results The cohort was composed of the last 100 cases with the familiar CSA and the first 100 cases with the replacement CSA. Study groups were similar. Unadjusted segmented regression of operative time and EBL predicted replacement effects of 70 min (95%CI, 18–122; p = 0.008) and 114 cc (95%CI, -93-320; p = 0.3), respectively. Adjusted regression predicted replacement effects of 40 min (95%CI, 0.9–78; p = 0.04) and 27 cc (95%CI, -156-210; p = 0.3). Conclusions The replacement of a familiar, experienced CSA was associated with longer operative times. Despite confinement to a single surgeon and procedure, these results suggest what all surgeons know: excellent help is priceless.
Screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis: Leveraging early detection to prevent complications.

Summary Background Mullerian anomalies have a known association with renal agenesis yet, to date, there are no formal recommendations for screening women with certain renal anomalies for associated genital tract disorders. Objective The objective of this study is to review current data regarding the association between renal and Mullerian anomalies, and propose screening recommendations. Study design A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords “unilateral renal agenesis,” “renal anomalies,” and “Mullerian anomalies.” Results Over 30% of patients with unilateral renal agenesis have an associated Mullerian anomaly. However, diagnosis is frequently delayed in this population until after menarche when complications of retrograde menstruation with obstructive anomalies lead to significant problems including endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility. No clear guidelines exist for communication among the antenatal sonographer, the obstetrician, the parents, and the child's pediatrician, which creates a barrier to effective screening and follow-up. Further, no current guidelines exist for screening women with certain renal anomalies for Mullerian anomalies. Discussion The complications of Mullerian anomalies are easily preventable if identified early. We propose new guidelines for education and screening for Mullerian anomalies in patients with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) to guide providers, patients, and parents on proper identification and management (Table). Conclusions Screening young women with URA and MCDK for Mullerian anomalies has the potential to prevent long-term complications from untreated obstructive malformations. Identification of unilateral renal agenesis on antenatal ultrasound must be clearly articulated with parents and the child's pediatrician so that proper screening can be performed before menarche. Pelvic sonography is a low-cost, high-yield screening tool to identify these anomalies.
Givin’ Stakeholders the Mic: Using Hip-Hop’s Evaluative Voice as a Contemporary Evaluation Approach

Social justice–oriented evaluation approaches are described as participatory, culturally and contextually responsive, and self-empowering. These evaluation approaches call for the genuine participation of stakeholders for sound evaluations, particularly those outside of decision-making and service providing. Similarly, hip-hop is commonly characterized as liberating, educative, and critically responsive. Further, hip-hop engages marginalized groups around the world through creative practices such as urban art and disk jockeying, reflecting the authentic evaluative voice of these groups. In this article, we draw links between evaluation and hip-hop to identify hip-hop as useful and relevant to social justice–oriented evaluation approaches. Establishing connections between evaluation and hip-hop is important to evaluation, given the field’s current call for meaningful stakeholder participation—especially in settings that service youth and other often overlooked groups.
Prevention of Arterial Restenosis by Rapamycin and Mycophenolate Mofetil: A New Role for Novel Immunosuppressants in the Prevention of Post-Balloon Angioplasty Restenosis?

Angioplasty is a minimally invasive method for widening both stenotic coronary and peripheral atherosclerotic vessels. Restenosis is a late complication that affects almost 50% of vessels undergoing angioplasty within six months after the procedure (Nobuyoshi et al. 1988) and is characterized by vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the area of balloon catheter-induced injury. There has been a concerted effort to identify effective therapy for preventing or limiting this complication (Handley 1995), but despite a number of successful pharmacologic interventions in a variety of animal models of vascular injury, none of the agents (with perhaps the exception of angiopeptin (Eriksen et al. 1995)) has proven to be effective in clinical trials.
Looking at diploid interphase chromosomes.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses diploid chromosome structure and reviews the structure of polytene chromosomes. The chapter discusses a procedure for two-color in situ hybridization to DNA in embryonic nuclei. Using this two-color in situ hybridization protocol, it is possible to resolve two signals using a minimum probe size of 7.8 kb, which are separated from each other by 25 kb. This procedure, with the appropriate changes, should be valuable for hybridization to imaginal discs and cultured cells. DNA in situ hybridization is best used in combination with immunofluorescence and RNA in situ hybridization to build a complete picture of the working nucleus. In vivo observations are also required to understand the temporal relationship between different states and to corroborate observations of fixed material. However, interpretation of all DNA in situ hybridization techniques poses several problems. The conditions used to denature nucleic acids might alter cellular structures, so material must be fixed. Fixation artifacts may be undetected until a large number of data are produced and may be subtly different in different stages of the cell cycle as the level of DNA modification and the complement of associated proteins changes.
Stress and strain during supercritical drying

Supercritical drying avoids capillary forces, but damaging stresses can be generated during solvent exchange, pressurization, and depressurization. Each of those steps has been analyzed, so the duration of the process can be minimized without risk to the sample. This work, which was initiated in collaboration with Professor Jean Phalippou’s group, is reviewed. Poromechanics is the study of stresses and strains resulting from interaction of the solid and liquid phases in a porous material. For example, if a gel is immersed in another liquid for solvent exchange, the gel network may undergo a transient contraction if the original pore liquid diffuses out faster than the replacement liquid diffuses in; poromechanical analysis quantifies the resulting stresses and indicates whether there is a risk of cracking. In the preparation of aerogels, when the pressure in the autoclave is decreased, the higher pressure inside the aerogel causes it to expand, which may result in cracking. Poromechanics reveals the rate of depressurization that can be imposed without creating damaging stresses. We also show that the sensitivity of gels to pore pressure can be exploited to measure their permeability to gases and liquids by observing the response to small loads or changes in temperature.
Global Changes in the Diurnal Cycle of Surface Ozone

Abstract Changing emissions of NOx and other ozone precursors drive trends in both production and loss of surface ozone, leading to surface ozone trends that differ according to the time of day. Consequently, the magnitude of the diurnal cycle in surface ozone is changing in several regions of the world. Changes in the diurnal cycle of ozone have implications for the metrics used to assess the impact of ozone on human health and vegetation, since different metrics are sensitive to different portions of the diurnal cycle. We use a high resolution model simulation to examine global changes in the magnitude of the diurnal cycle of O3 between 1980 and 2015. The simulation reproduces the negative trends in the tropospheric NO2 column over the eastern United States and Europe, and the positive trends over East Asia, seen by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). It also gives a reasonable reproduction of the change in the diurnal cycle of surface ozone seen at rural sites in the eastern United States between the 1990s and 2000s. The simulation shows that the magnitude of the surface O3 diurnal cycle is increasing in regions with positive changes in NOx emissions, such as South and East Asia, and decreasing in regions with reductions in NOx emissions. It also shows changes in the diurnal cycle of the tropospheric ozone column, although these have fewer regions with statistically significant trends. These changes suggest that daily mean ozone is responding less than the mid-day ozone measured by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and OMI.
Social Exchange Between a DMO and Its Stakeholders: A Case Study in the Rural Southeast United States

Many rural areas in the Southeastern United States implement tourism to supplement the declining manufacturing and farming opportunities in their communities. Through informative resources from the USDA, regional tourism development projects, the Main Street America program, and national, state, and regional grants, rural communities have the necessary building blocks readily available to advance tourism projects. However, numerous rural counties still incur obstacles in the development of tourism, resulting in the inability for them to sustain a viable destination area. Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) appear ineffective in marketing the rural area as a destination that fully embodies the culture, history, and natural resources it exhibits due to small-town politics, naivety of the benefits of tourism, and misaligned brand images. Consequently, visitor demands and expectations cannot be met due to the lack of trust in the DMO’s ability to recognize the stakeholders’ contributions for the betterment of the community as a destination brand. Understanding how to obtain stakeholders’ confidence, a DMO can develop strategic relationships through continual and consistent social exchange, strengthened over time, as trust evolves. These relationships sustain the all-inclusive brand image for the rural destination area, increasing visitor satisfaction and, therefore, stakeholder investments.
Healing Rate of Chronic and Subacute Lower Extremity Ulcers Treated With Contact Ultrasound Followed by Noncontact Ultrasound Therapy: The VIP Ultrasound Protocol.

Background Contact and noncontact ultrasounds are types of low-frequency ultrasonic treatments for wound care. Objective The purpose of this research was to collect data in order to see if healing rates are accelerated when both forms of ultrasound therapies are utilized. Materials and methods The Viana-Pompeo (VIP) Ultrasound Protocol consists of high-intensity, low-frequency, contact ultrasound therapy followed by low-intensity, low-frequency, noncontact ultrasound therapy. A total of 11 subjects with a total of 24 chronic or subacute lower extremity wounds were enrolled in the study. Of the 11 subjects, 6 finished the protocol (12 wounds). All subjects started with contact ultrasound for debridement at a frequency of 25 kHz and at the maximum intensity the subject could tolerate (equipment range, 20%-100% of 1.0 W/cm²). Once the wound was sufficiently clean with ≤ 20% of necrotic tissue or adherent slough, therapy was switched to noncontact, low-frequency ultrasound (NLFU) for cellular stimulation at 40 kHz and intensities of 0.1 W/cm² to 0.5 W/cm². Subjects received ultrasound treatment 3 times weekly for the 12-week study. Progress was analyzed based on reductions in wound area, volume, and slough and increases in granulation and epithelialization. Wounds were divided into 2 groups: group A, wound duration between 4 and 21 weeks; and group B, wound duration ≥ 47 weeks. There were no wounds between 21 and 47 weeks. Results In group A (4 wounds), all wounds improved in wound area and epithelialization; 75% achieved an improvement of > 99% before or at 12 weeks of treatment. In addition, all wounds saw a wound volume reduction of 93% to 100%. Granulation in group A was 100%, and by visit 10 of 36, all wounds had 0% slough or eschar. In group B (8 wounds), 50% of wounds improved with a wound volume reduction of 50%; all wounds increased in granulation, with 50% achieving 75% to 100% granulation. Sixty-two percent of wounds in group B saw an increase in epithelialization, and 75% of wounds had 85% to 100% reduction in slough and eschar by the last visit (end of week 12). There was a strong positive correlation between wound age and healing time (r = 0.94). Conclusions Both groups benefited from the VIP Protocol, which promoted wound closure or wound bed preparation for graft. The results seem to favor an earlier start of the protocol for best outcomes and indicate that contact and noncontact ultrasound therapies are not exclusionary but rather complementary.
Friction-induced vibration in a two-mass damped system

Abstract A two degree of freedom mass-spring-damper model on a moving lubricated belt is considered in this paper. The motions of the two masses are coupled through spring and damper and each mass interacts with a moving lubricated belt. The friction model includes the boundary, mixed and hydrodynamic regimes of lubrication contact regimes. Friction coefficient is presented as a function of sliding velocity at each mass interface that includes a combination of linear, exponential and cubic functions to account for relatively large coefficient at low sliding speed, followed by Stribeck effect at low to moderate speed ranges and finally a full hydrodynamic lubrication regime. A set of dimensionless parameters is introduced and system's dynamic response behavior as well as stability are studied for various combination of parameters. The results show that the unstable system response can be quasiperiodic, or periodic in the form of limit cycles away from the origin when the sliding velocity is relatively small. Triple and double periodic behavior is observed in addition to other responses when mass suspended to the ground is larger than the second mass. All responses become asymptotically stable when dimensionless sliding velocity threshold is exceeded. Finally, for a qualitative analysis, the method of averaging is used to solve the nonlinear coupled equations of motion in order to find the amplitude and frequency of steady-state vibration. A comparison between the numerical results from direct time integration and analytical findings shows that approximate solution is acceptable.
Transcriptional Activation of the Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Gene during Acute-Phase Reaction

The effects of human interleukin-6 (hIL-6), the major acute-phase inducer, on the level of the transcript of microsomal heme oxygenase (HO-1) were examined in human hepatoma cell lines, Hep3B, HepG2 and HepG2f. While Hep3B and HepG2 cells express well-differentiated phenotype of hepatocytes, HepG2f cells do not. mRNAs encoding HO-1 and haptoglobin (Hpt) increased following hIL-6 treatment in a time- and dose-dependent manner, in Hep3B and HepG2, but not in HepG2f cells. The hIL-6-mediated induction of HO-1 mRNA in Hep3B cells was completely abrogated by simultaneous treatment of cells with actinomycin D, but not with cycloheximide, suggesting that the induction occurs at the level of transcription.
Cervical cytologic screening: Optimal management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in young women

1019 Background: HPV testing is a cost-effective strategy for the management of ASC-US cytology. However, young women have a high prevalence of transient HPV infections and low incidence high grade...
Impact of Molecular Dynamics Simulations on Research and Development of Semiconductor Materials

Atomic scale defects critically limit performance of semiconductor materials. To improve materials, defect effects and defect formation mechanisms must be understood. In this paper, we demonstrate multiple examples where molecular dynamics simulations have effectively addressed these issues that were not well addressed in prior experiments. In the first case, we report our recent progress on modelling graphene growth, where we found that defects in graphene are created around periphery of islands throughout graphene growth, not just in regions where graphene islands impinge as believed previously. In the second case, we report our recent progress on modelling TlBr, where we discovered that under an electric field, edge dislocations in TlBr migrate in both slip and climb directions. The climb motion ejects extensive vacancies that can cause the rapid aging of the material seen in experiments. In the third case, we discovered that the growth of InGaN films on (0001) surfaces suffers from a serious polymorphism problem that creates enormous amounts of defects. Growth on (1120) surfaces, on the other hand, results in single crystalline wurtzite films without any of these defects. In the fourth case, we first used simulations to derive dislocation energies that do not possess any noticeable statistical errors, and then used these error-free methods to discover possible misuse of misfit dislocation theory in past thin film studies. Finally, we highlight the significance of molecular dynamics simulations in reducing defects in the design space of nanostructures.
The Locker Room

ABSTRACTIn this article the author, a trans male psychoanalyst, explores the experience of using the male locker room. The article will seek to formulate this experience using the psychoanalytic wr...
Impact of myoglobin oxygenation level on color stability of frozen beef steaks

The emerging market of frozen meat emphasizes the need to better understand beef surface discoloration and the ideal parameters of freezing beef to retain an acceptable color. The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of myoglobin oxygenation level prior to freezing and frozen storage duration on frozen beef color. USDA Choice strip loins (n = 36) were aged for 4 d or 20 d. Steaks were randomly assigned to a myoglobin oxygenation level [deoxygenated (DeOxy; immediately packaged after cutting), oxygenated (Oxy; oxygenated in air for 30 min), or highly oxygenated (HiOxy; packaged for 24 h in 80% O2)]. Steaks were then vacuum packaged in oxygen permeable or impermeable film and immediately frozen (-5 °C). Following either 0, 2, 4, or 6 mo of frozen storage, steaks were removed from the packaging and immediately analyzed for instrumental color (L*, a*, and b*), percent oxymyoglobin, metmyoglobin, and deoxymyoglobin, delta E, redness ratio, a*:b* ratio, hue angle, subjective discoloration, and lipid oxidation. The HiOxy steaks had greater oxygen penetration and the greatest a* values compared with DeOxy and Oxy steaks, regardless of packaging (P < 0.0005). With 4 d of aging, HiOxy steaks had greater a* values than DeOxy and Oxy at all storage times (P = 0.0118). The HiOxy steaks aged for 20 d and frozen for 6 mo had significantly higher delta E values than all other myoglobin oxygenation levels and postmortem aging periods (P < 0.0001). Redness and percent oxymyoglobin were highest for HiOxy steaks within each storage period (P < 0.0002). The HiOxy steaks had the highest percent oxymyoglobin and DeOxy had the lowest percent oxymyoglobin within each aging and storage period (P < 0.01). Conversely, DeOxy steaks had the highest percent metmyoglobin and HiOxy had the lowest percent metmyoglobin when packaged in impermeable film (P < 0.0001). The HiOxy steaks from 20 d of aging had the highest discoloration compared with 4 d aging and more discoloration than all other myoglobin treatments at 6 mo of storage (P < 0.0001). The HiOxy 20 d aged steaks exhibited the highest lipid oxidation values at 2, 4, and 6 mo (P = 0.0224) and HiOxy steaks exhibited a brighter and deeper cherry red color compared with the DeOxy steaks. The HiOxy steaks were greater in redness or similar when compared with Oxy steaks, but experienced more detrimental effects when frozen storage was extended.
TIMING OF MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT USE IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMPLICATED BY CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: IS IT BETTER TO BE EARLY THAN LATE?

The timing of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) and its impact on in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) from nationwide data is unknown. We analyzed 2015 National Readmission Database from January 2015 to September 2015 to
Evaluating and Improving Attrition Models for the Retail Banking Industry

Analyzing customer attrition in the retail banking industry allows banks to quantify the likelihood of a customer closing their account. With the onset of online banking services, it has become important to both understand the latent behavioral patterns behind attrition and predict the event of attrition well before losing a customer. Presently, attrition models measure hard attrition, the event of a customer closing their account. By introducing a new latent probabilistic response variable, soft attrition, we aim to identify customers that tend towards attrition, which (i) increases the comprehensiveness of the customer base that is likely to churn, (ii) improves capability of predicting attrition events early, and (iii) helps identify key features associated with attrition. This paper introduces and evaluates methods that help redefine the attrition response variable and proposes techniques that improve on the existing attrition models, specifically in the retail banking industry.
Building social cohesion between Christians and Muslims through soccer in post-ISIS Iraq

Can intergroup contact build social cohesion after war? I randomly assigned Iraqi Christians displaced by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) to an all-Christian soccer team or to a team mixed with Muslims. The intervention improved behaviors toward Muslim peers: Christians with Muslim teammates were more likely to vote for a Muslim (not on their team) to receive a sportsmanship award, register for a mixed team next season, and train with Muslims 6 months after the intervention. The intervention did not substantially affect behaviors in other social contexts, such as patronizing a restaurant in Muslim-dominated Mosul or attending a mixed social event, nor did it yield consistent effects on intergroup attitudes. Although contact can build tolerant behaviors toward peers within an intervention, building broader social cohesion outside of it is more challenging.
Editorial: Heavy Adolescent Alcohol Use: An Accelerant of Impulsivity?

It has been difficult to disentangle factors conferring vulnerability to substance use disorders (SUDs) from the consequences of substance use. Reward sensitivity and impulsivity have been identified as adolescent risk factors that confer vulnerability for later problematic substance use.1,2 Studies also suggest, however, that substance use itself affects brain development and behavior and that some of the same risk factors that predispose youth to SUD (eg, reward sensitivity and impulsivity) may be brought on or worsened by the neurotoxicity of drugs of abuse.3,4 Studies examining neural and behavioral correlates of SUDs commonly include youth with varying degrees of substance exposure; thus development of vulnerabilities to substance abuse are difficult to separate from the effects of substance use. In this issue of JACC, Ivanov et al.5 advance our field's knowledge in this area by leveraging longitudinal data from the European IMAGEN dataset (n = 2,200)6 in order to characterize predictors of alcohol use at age 16 as well as trajectories of impulsivity. This design allows investigation into whether alcohol drinking in adolescence may actually be related to worsening impulsivity. The authors followed a subset of the IMAGEN sample, 304 substance-naive 14-year-olds over 2 years. Reward system function in the brain was assessed at baseline by collecting functional magnetic resonance imaging scans during a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID)7 task which assessed neural response to reward anticipation and outcome. Impulsivity and delay discounting, the propensity to select smaller immediate rewards versus larger, delayed rewards, were also assessed at baseline and follow-up. Linear regression was used to evaluate longitudinal associations among the frequency of alcohol use at age 16 and impulsivity, delay discounting, and reward system function at age 14. Reward system function was measured by activation in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and ventral striatum regions of interest during the highest versus the lowest reward levels on the MID task. These regions are involved in key aspects of reward processing, including valuation of rewarding stimuli and outcomes.8,9.
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation versus endotracheal intubation in treatment of COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support.

Abstract Importance Initial guidelines recommended prompt endotracheal intubation rather than non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for COVID-19 patients requiring ventilator support. There is insufficient data comparing the impact of intubation versus NIV on patient-centered outcomes of these patients. Objective To compare all-cause 30-day mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure who underwent intubation first, intubation after NIV, or NIV only. Design Retrospective study of patients admitted in March and April of 2020. Setting A teaching hospital in Brooklyn, New York City. Participants Adult COVID-19 confirmed patients who required ventilator support (non-invasive ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation) at discretion of treating physician, were included. Exposures Patients were categorized into three exposure groups: intubation-first, intubation after NIV, or NIV-only. Primary outcome 30-day all-cause mortality, a predetermined outcome measured by multivariable logistic regression. Data are presented with medians and interquartile ranges, or percentages with 95% confidence intervals, for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Covariates for the model were age, sex, qSOFA score ≥ 2, presenting oxygen saturation, vasopressor use, and greater than three comorbidities. A secondary multivariable model compared mortality of all patients that received NIV (intubation after NIV and NIV-only) with the intubation-first group. Results A total of 222 were enrolled. Overall mortality was 77.5% (95%CI, 72–83%). Mortality for intubation-first group was 82% (95%CI, 73–89%; 75/91), for Intubation after NIV was 84% (95%CI, 70–92%; 37/44), and for NIV-only was 69% (95%CI, 59–78%; 60/87). In multivariable analysis, NIV-only was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 0.30, 95%CI, 0.13–0.69). No difference in mortality was observed between intubation-first and intubation after NIV. Secondary analysis found all patients who received NIV to have lower mortality than patients who were intubated only (OR: 0.44, 95%CI, 0.21–0.95). Conclusions & Relevance Utilization of NIV as the initial intervention in COVID-19 patients requiring ventilatory support is associated with significant survival benefit. For patients intubated after NIV, the mortality rate is not worse than those who undergo intubation as their initial intervention.
Gossypium Bioinformatics Resources

The primary goal of this chapter is to provide practical information for utilizing the array of Gossypium bioinformatics resources that are presently available. To establish the setting, the chapter begins with the description of a survey of Gossypium bioinformatics resources that was undertaken by the author in early 2007. Resources are categorized by life science area(s), available data types and available modes of data access. Navigating resources and searching for Gossypium data is then described through a broad collection of search examples that cover data categories ranging from maps, markers and genomic sequence through pedigree, phenotype and agroecology related. Possibilities for automated access to and utilization of resource data through Web services and workflows are described along with examples. Finally, the potential impacts of whole genome sequencing are noted, especially those affecting the range of data types and interface tools offered and the utilization of data exchange standards and ontologies.
Sports Product Liability.

(1978). Sports Product Liability. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 25-28.
Identity dimensions and related processes in emerging adulthood: helpful or harmful?

Objectives The current study evaluated the mediational role of well-being in the relationship between identity development and psychosocial functioning. Method A sample of 7,649 undergraduate students (73% female; mean age = 19.95, standard deviation = 1.98; 62% Caucasian) completed measures of personal identity, well-being, internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. Results Results revealed that (a) identity exploration and commitment were negatively associated with internalizing symptoms, health-risk behaviors, and externalizing problems through well-being, (b) ruminative exploration was negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with externalizing problems, and (c) increased levels of ruminative exploration appear more detrimental for men than for women. Conclusion The study shed light on the mechanisms through which identity processes are related to internalizing symptoms, externalizing problems, and health-risk behaviors. The role of well-being in these associations, and the potentially deleterious “side effects” of exploration and commitment appear to suggest new and important directions for identity research.
Fundamentals of manufacturing excellence

Manufacturing excellence, world-class stature, being the best of the best—the ability to provide high quality, competitively priced products and services in a global marketplace—is a major hurdle confronting manufacturers. The challenges they face are well known: the need to improve product quality, drastically shorten product development cycles, increase productivity growth, stimulate product and process innovation, and respond quickly to changing customer demands. Many U.S. manufacturers, however, are woefully unaware of the widening performance gap between them and their competitors, insufficiently cognizant of their customers’ needs, and naively preoccupied with near term achievements of their firm, while neglecting the long term investments needed to compete in the international arena.
Loss of SFRP4 Alters Body Size, Food Intake, and Energy Expenditure in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice

Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) is an extracellular regulator of the wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (WNT) pathway. SFRP4 has been implicated in adipocyte dysfunction, obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the exact role of SFRP4 in regulating whole-body metabolism and glucose homeostasis is unknown. We show here that male Sfrp4(-/-) mice have increased spine length and gain more weight when fed a high-fat diet. The body composition and body mass per spine length of diet-induced obese Sfrp4(-/-) mice is similar to wild-type littermates, suggesting that the increase in body weight can be accounted for by their longer body size. The diet-induced obese Sfrp4(-/-) mice have reduced energy expenditure, food intake, and bone mineral density. Sfrp4(-/-) mice have normal glucose and insulin tolerance and β-cell mass. Diet-induced obese Sfrp4(-/-) and control mice show similar impairments of glucose tolerance and a 5-fold compensatory expansion of their β-cell mass. In summary, our data suggest that loss of SFRP4 alters body length and bone mineral density as well as energy expenditure and food intake. However, SFRP4 does not control glucose homeostasis and β-cell mass in mice.
Prostaglandin A2 enhances cellular insulin sensitivity via a mechanism that involves the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3.

We have previously reported that members of the NR4A family of orphan nuclear receptors can augment insulin’s ability to stimulate glucose transport in adipocytes. In the current study, we endeavored to test for an insulin-sensitizing effect in muscle cells and to identify a potential transactivator. Lentiviral constructs were used to engineer both hyperexpression and shRNA silencing of NR4A3 in C2C12 myocytes. The NR4A3 hyper-expression construct led to a significant increase in glucose transport rates in the presence of maximal insulin while the NR4A3 knock-down exhibited a significant reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose transport rates. Consistently, insulin-mediated AKT phosphorylation was increased by NR4A3 hyperexpression and decreased following shRNA NR4A3 suppression. Then, we examined effects of prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) on insulin action and NR4A3 transactivation. PGA2 augmented insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myocytes and AKT phosphorylation after 12-h treatment, without significant effects on basal transport or basal AKT phosphorylation. More importantly, we demonstrated that PGA2 led to a greater improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose rates in NR4A3 overexpressing C2C12 myocytes, when compared with Lac-Z controls stimulated with insulin and PGA2. Moreover, the sensitizing effect of PGA2 was significantly diminished in NR4A3 knockdown myocytes compared to scramble controls. These results show for the first time that: (i) PGA2 augments insulin action in myocytes as manifested by enhanced stimulation of glucose transport and AKT phosphorylation; and (ii) the insulin sensitizing effect is dependent upon the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A3.
Relationships Between Conscientiousness Sub-Factors and Constructive and Destructive Behavioral Intentions

This study examined the relationship between Conscientiousness, its sub-factors of Achievement and Dependability, and constructive and destructive behavioral intentions. In a sample of 270 undergraduate students, scores on personality measures were correlated with constructive and destructive behavioral tendencies as measured by responses to scenario situations. Results indicated that both Achievement and Dependability were negatively related to destructive behavioral intentions. As hypothesized, the relationship between Achievement and constructive behavioral intentions was significantly higher than the relationship between Dependability and constructive behavioral intentions. Contributions, limitations, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Multistage methodologies for comparing several treatments with a control

We consider the problem of constructing a set of fixed-width simultaneous confidence intervals for the treatment-control differences of means for several independent normal populations with a common unknown variance. Taking c observations from the control population instead of the usual vector-at-a-time approach, purely sequential estimation methodology is developed and asymptotic second-order characteristics are provided. Brief remarks on the accelerated sequential and three-stage methodologies have been added. Next, with the help of simulations, performances of the purely sequential, accelerated sequential and three-stage estimation techniques are compared. Overall, the second-order asymptotics are found to provide useful approximations even for moderate sample sizes.
Meeresalgen und Meeresalgenprodukte in der Pharmazie

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahren wurde eine ganze Anzahl von Meeresalgen und Meeresalgen- Produkten von amerikanischen, europaischen und nicht zu-letzt von japanischen Wissenschaftlern auch in chemischer Hinsicht genauer untersucht. Die neuere Fachliteratur bringt eine Fulle interessanter Einzel-arbeiten und zusammenfassender Ubersichten.
Match day: online search trends reflect growing interest in IR training.

Abstract Google Trends was used to characterize the relationship between the interventional radiology (IR) applicant pool and related Internet queries for "IR fellowship" from July 2006 to July 2013. Results were compared with National Residency Match Panel data by regression analysis and one-way analysis of variance. Search traffic for IR fellowship demonstrated a statistically significant linear annual increase ( R 2 = 0.87; P = .0013). Total IR applicants increased by 184% ( R 2 = 0.98; P = .0216). Search traffic was predictive of applicants for each match year ( R 2 = 0.92; P = .0004) and programs filled ( R 2 = 0.93; P = .0003). Internet queries mirror trainee professional interests, with significant increases in search traffic related to IR fellowship and strong correlation with growth in applicants.
Volume Hologram Filter Design for Mitigation of Daytime Sky Brightness in Satellite Detection

We investigate the concept of using volume hologram filters to improve contrast of solar–illuminated artificial satellites observed with ground–based telescopes in the daytime. Daylight background rejection of more than 90% is achieved.