cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Looking at patients' choices through the lens of expected utility: a critique and research agenda.

The expected utility framework underlies much research in medical decision making. Because the framework requires decisions to be decomposed into probabilities of states and the values of those sta...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea

Optical projections of a stained, intact guinea pig cochlea are reconstructed from 36 projection images, spaced every 5 degrees around a semicircle, a three-dimensional image is computed within a cube of dimensions 256*256*256 pixels. Acquisition of data about a single tilt axis allows the 3-D reconstruction problem to be simplified to the reconstruction of multiple 2-D slices from 1-D projections. The resolution of the reconstruction matrix is approximately 15 mu m/sup 3/ per volume element. Various anatomical features are recognizable, including the scalae, the basilar membrane, the round and oval windows, and the modiolus. >
The Nature of Polynuclear OH-Al Complexes in Laboratory-Hydrolyzed and Commercial Hydroxyaluminum Solutions1

Laboratory-hydrolyzed and commercial OH-Al solutions were characterized using kinetics of Al-ferron color development, kinetics of structural OH neutralization with H+, 27A1 NMR spectroscopy, and sulfate precipitation. The results showed that the Al13 complexes having the Keggin structure were dominant only in fresh, laboratory-hydrolyzed OH-A1 solutions of OH/A1 molar ratio = 1.8 and above. These species gradually converted to other polynuclear forms that reacted with ferron slowly, were not detectable by 27A1 NMR spectroscopy, and yielded different basic Al sulfates following Na2SO4 addition. These more stable complexes can best be interpreted to have a Al(OH)3-fragment structure. In the three commercial aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) solutions studied, Al13 complexes accounted for a small portion of the total Al present. More than 80% of the Al was present as species that were not detectable with NMR spectroscopy and resembled the slow-reacting complexes in aged, laboratory-hydrolyzed OH-Al solutions. Small portions of the slow-reacting complexes appeared to be submicron particulates that acted as nuclei for gibbsite formation or aggregates of Al13 complexes that dispersed to Al13 upon dilution. Polyaluminum chloride (PA) solution resembled the moderately aged laboratory-hydrolyzed OH-Al solutions.
Disclosiveness, willingness to communicate, and communication apprehension as predictors of jury selection in felony trials

Real jurors in actual felony trials completed a set of personality questionnaires including measures of Disclosiveness, Willingness to Communicate, and Communication Apprehension subscales for Friend and Meeting. Empaneled and excused jurors were examined for individual differences. As predicted, empaneled jurors had significantly higher disclosiveness scores, particularly with respect to positive disclosiveness, than excused jurors. Understanding communication traits significantly improves one's ability to predict jury selection. Jury selection appears to be partially a function of personality, rather than just a function of case relevant variables. This has important ramifications for establishing whether juries are fair cross representations of their communities.
ILC development: TCF-1 reporting in.

The transcriptional regulator TCF-1 marks rare progenitor cells in adult bone marrow that have lost the potential to develop into the lymphocyte lineage but can give rise to all innate lymphoid cell lineages.
Telepsychiatry for Inpatient Consultations at a Separate Campus of an Academic Medical Center.

Abstract Background: Many hospitals do not have regular access to psychiatry consult services. This is well understood as a common shortage at nonacademic community hospitals (especially in rural environments, and may also be a problem at noncontiguously located smaller hospitals that are affiliated with academic medical centers in urban settings. The authors sought to deliver timely inpatient psychiatric consultation–liaison services via telemedicine to a local but physically separated hospital affiliated with an academic medical center. Materials and Methods: The authors collaborated with an office dedicated to the advancement of telemedicine technology at their academic medical center. They developed a telemedicine-based care model to deliver inpatient consultation–liaison psychiatry consultations to an affiliated (but physically separate) small academic hospital that did not have its own on-site consultation–liaison psychiatry team. Results: The authors were able to successfully complete 30 consultati...
Loving Revisionism: On Restricting Marriage and Subverting the Constitution

In this symposium on Loving v. Virginia, the article reexamines Loving in light of some of the mistaken interpretations of it offered in the case law and secondary literature. Contrary claims notwithstanding, the Loving Court did not hold that interracial bans were unconstitutional only because they privileged one race over another, as if equal-handed interracial marriage bans would pass constitutional muster. After discussing Loving and the right to marry jurisprudence more generally, the article focuses on three cases analyzing the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans. The justifications for upholding the bans and the revisionist treatments of Loving and right to marry jurisprudence more generally in Morrison v. Sadler, Hernandez v. Robles, and Andersen v. King County are embarrassing, and simply would not have been offered had the issue not involved the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans. The article concludes that all are harmed when both constitutional rights and good public policy are ignored so that an undeserved burden can be imposed on a disfavored minority.
P3.184* Sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy outcomes, Florida 2008–2010

Background A prior population based study found the odds of low birth weight for women with inadequate weight and history of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection during the pregnancy was nearly twice that of women without Ct infection (AOR 1.98, p Objectives To examine associations between Ct infections during pregnancy and birth outcomes among women who gave birth in Florida after implementation of mandated Ct testing. Methods Logistic Regression analysis of Florida birth records (548,407) linked to records for women who tested positive for Ct (12,334), were treated and gave birth from 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2010. Results Among 18–35 years old, with singleton births, 2.7% were reported with chlamydia during pregnancy and 6.5% experienced low birth weight (LBW) outcome, less than 2500 grammes. After controlling for smoking, prenatal care, race, education, marital status, inadequate weight gain and nine other covariates, Ct infection treatment in gestation weeks 17 through 28 was associated with increased odds of delivering a moderately LBW infant (1500 to 2499 grammes) (AOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.49). No association was found for very LBW infants ( Conclusions Proactive public health policies for chlamydia screening during pregnancy and intensified treatment timeliness may have contributed to improved pregnancy outcomes, but Ct infection continues to be associated with increased odds of moderately LBW. Prospective examination of treatment dosage and timeliness may prove informative.
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PERCUTANEOUS MITRAL VALVE REPAIR WITH MITRACLIP SYSTEM FOR FUNCTIONAL MR WITH END-STAGE HEART FAILURE

Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip system is a novel therapy for surgical high-risk mitral regurgitation (MR). In United States, MitraClip therapy for functional MR is performed on setting of the COAPT randomized trail. However, clinical outcomes of MitraClip therapy for patients
Factors influencing the late phase of recovery after bone mineral density loss in allogeneic stem cell transplantation survivors

Accelerated bone mineral density loss (BMDL) occurs early after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) and is related to factors such as steroids and chronic GvHD. In order to understand the natural history of BMDL of SCT in the longer term, we evaluated a longitudinal cohort of 148 survivors with a median follow-up of 12 years (range 3-22 years). All women received hormone replacement therapy, and routine calcium/vitamin D supplementation was recommended but ∼50% of patients still had suboptimal vitamin D levels and bisphosphonates were rarely utilized. BMD significantly improved from 5 to 20+ years but the femoral neck and forearm remained vulnerable sites. Younger age, higher pretransplant body mass index (BMI) and increment in BMI post transplant were significantly associated with increased BMD and protected against osteopenia/osteoporosis. These findings support consideration of BMD loss in SCT survivors in two phases, an early phase of BMD loss (3-5 years) followed by a later phase of BMD recovery, with different protective and aggravating factors. Treatment- and transplant-related factors (such as steroids, immunosuppressives, chronic GvHD, vitamin D) are known to impact the early phase of BMD loss but age and BMI are more influential in the late phase of BMD recovery.
Needs survey for STI/AIDS knowledge training among village doctors in Dehong prefecture

Objective To learn about the awareness and training needs on HIV-related knowledge among the village doctors in Dehong prefecture stricken by HIV.Methods Applying the quantitative method to survey 436 village doctors.Results 75% village doctors have attended the training related to HIV,with 95% of them knowing three HIV transmission modes,but low correct rates on questions of post-exposing prophylaxis,and most people have the positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS prevention.Conclusion Most village doctors have the base to develop work related to HIV in Dehong as the result that they have experienced the HIV training and know the transmission modes,and the further and targeted training is necessary for village doctors to play the role on HIV/AIDS public education,treatment management,care and support.
Epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Shenyang City form 2006-2012

[Objective]To understand the disease incidence and epidemic trend of varicella,and provide an accurate basis for formulating and evaluating preventive measures.[Methods]The epidemic data of varicella of Shenyang City from 2006-2011 collected from the disease surveillance information reporting system were analyzed by using the method of descriptive epidemiology. [Results]From 2006-2012,a total of 42 826 varicella cases were reported in Shenyang City,with annual incidence rate of 80.75/100 000. Males reported incidence rate was 88. 95 /100 000,and females reported disease incidence rate was 72. 52 /100 000,with significant difference( P 0. 005). Varicella cases of 93. 70% occurred in 3-24 years age group. Reported cases of students and kindergarten children occupied 58. 14% and 16. 27% of total cases,with obvious peak in occupation. Cases were reported throughout the year,but the peak value appeared in December.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the infectious disease prevention and the control in school and kindergarten,Formulate control varicella planning and immune strategy,to implement inoculation with live attenuated varicella vaccine on key population,to strengthen the epidemic monitoring and analysis,to analyze the varicella epidemic trend and do well in early warning,so as to effectively prevent outbreak.
Case- control study of HIV infection in drug users in Xinjiang

Objective To study the incidence and epidemic characteristics of HIV infection in drug users,in order to adopt intervening measures for control and prevention of HIV infection. Methods A total of 2141 prisoners were involved in the case-control study to analyze the crowd characteristics,behaviors of drug use and HIV infection. Results The total HIV infection rate was 0. 93%,and that was 3. 81% in drug users. The correlation of drug use and HIV infection was different in nationalities. The HIV infection rate of drug users was higher than that of others in minority( χ2= 6. 56,P = 0. 01),and that was same in Han. The risk of HIV infection on drug users was 3. 68 times as high as others. The HIV infection rates between men and women had no statistical difference. The risk of HIV infection on minority was 4. 51 times as high as Han. Conclusion To know the dangers of needles sharing is important to reduce the HIV infection risk,especially in minority. The intervention of exchanging needles and using condom was propitious to reduce HIV infection on drug users.
Effect of deletion of glycoprotein IIb exon 28 on the expression of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex

We have isolated from an HEL cell cDNA library an alternatively spliced transcript for the platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) that resulted from the deletion of the 34 amino acids of exon 28 of the GPIIb gene. Confirming an earlier report, we also detected this transcript in platelet mRNA. To determine the consequences of exon 28 deletion on the expression of the GPIIb/IIIa heterodimer, we expressed cDNA for GPIIb-28 in COS-1 cells, either individually or simultaneously with a cDNA for GPIIIa. When recombinant GPIIb-28 was expressed alone, it did not acquire resistance to the enzyme endo-beta-N- acetylglucosaminidase H, was not cleaved into heavy and light chains, and was not transported to the cell surface. However, when recombinant GPIIb-28 was coexpressed with recombinant GPIIIa, GPIIb/IIIa heterodimers were assembled. Nevertheless, these heterodimers failed to complete posttranslational processing and were degraded intracellularly. Exon 28 contains one site for Asn-linked glycosylation. To determine if loss of this glycosylation site was responsible for the effects of exon 28 deletion, we removed the site from the exon 28 of intact GPIIb by oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis. However, absence of the carbohydrate appended to exon 28 did not prevent normal GPIIb/IIIa heterodimer expression. Our studies indicate that absence of the amino acids encoded by GPIIb exon 28 sufficiently perturbs the quaternary configuration of the GPIIb/IIIa heterodimer to impair its subsequent intracellular transport and processing. They also indicate that this alternatively spliced form of GPIIb mRNA, although present in megakaryocytes, is unlikely to make a significant contribution to the GPIIb/IIIa complexes expressed on platelets.
Abstract 3263: Dietary supplement 3, 3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) as an antiangiogenic agent in breast cancer

Tumor angiogenesis refers to the sprouting and cooption of proliferating endothelial cells (EC’s) from adjacent pre-existing host vasculature, and is a key target of cancer therapy. Tumor cells exploit their microenvironment by releasing cytokines and growth factors to promote and support angiogenesis. Within this complex tumor microenvironment, we and others have shown that tumors can recruit bone marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells that differentiate into mature bone marrow-derived endothelial cells and incorporate into sprouting tumor neovessels. Under pathological circumstances, such as breast cancer, a clear association between estrogen receptor expression by EC’s, angiogenic activity, and/or tumor invasiveness has been made. Approximately, 80% of breast cancers are hormone-receptor-positive cancers, thus enabling tamoxifen as the mainstay of breast cancer therapy. The roles of the anti-estrogens fulvestrant (ICI) and the dietary supplement 3, 3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) on cell-cell interaction and angiogenesis have not been fully elucidated. This study is designed to evaluate and compare the effect of these antiestrogens on angiogenesis at the cellular and molecular levels using tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as an in vitro angiogenesis model. HUVEC cells were treated with serial dilutions of either DIM or ICI in presence and absence of (3nM) estrogen, and subjected to in vitro tube formation, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis antibody array assays. We report that HUVEC cells are more sensitive to DIM than ICI. At 25 μM concentration, DIM significantly inhibited the crucial steps of angiogenesis including HUVEC cells proliferation, migration, cytokine release, and tube formation in an estrogen independent manner. On the other hand, at 1 μM concentration, ICI significantly exerted an antiangiogenic effects inhibiting HUVEC cells proliferation, migration, and tube formation, but this effect was totally dependent on the presence of estrogen. These results are validated by our observation that HUVEC cells express estrogen receptor beta (ER-β) and not estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α). A correlative effect between the antiangiogenic activity of DIM and ER-β upregulation was noted. We believe that the anti-estrogenic activity of DIM is mediated through the genomic and non-genomic activity of ER-β in endothelial cells predicting a new target for DIM to manifest its antiangiogenic effect. Citation Format: Ghada M. Ben Rahoma, Neha Y. Tuli, Robert B. Bednarczyk, Rachana R. Maniyar, Abraham Mittelman, Jan Geliebter, Raj Tiwari. Dietary supplement 3, 3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) as an antiangiogenic agent in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3263.
Recently Discovered Metabolites with Unusual Toxic Manifestations

This report will deal with but three of several interesting mycotoxicoses that have been studied in our laboratories at Vanderbilt University Medical School. These were selected, not because of the completeness of our knowledge concerning the causative agents, but because of the unusual nature of the toxic disease signs. I regret the paucity of information currently available on the respective toxic principles, but at least we are made aware of the need for further work and the direction that future research should take.
Encased for a New Life

As material choices for battery applications, lithium (Li) and graphite each feature appeals and challenges. In this issue of Chem , Cui and coworkers report a clever method that takes advantage of the appeals of both, namely the high capacity of Li and the good cyclability of graphite, while addressing the challenges of each. Their approach is enabled by the high internal space within massive artificial graphite, where excess Li is stored and protected from reacting with the electrolyte. The results pave the way for near-term utilization of high-capacity anode materials that are compatible with other components of existing Li-ion batteries.
STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF THE PROTEINS : VI. THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS OF THE IONS IN CERTAIN OXYHEMOGLOBIN SOLUTIONS.

1. The solvent action of a neutral salt upon a protein, oxyhemoglobin, has been found identical to the solvent action of a neutral salt upon a bi-bivalent or uni-quadrivalent compound. 2. The solubility of oxyhemoglobin in phosphate solutions of varying ionic strength has been defined by the equation: log See PDF for Equation in which µ is the ionic strength, and S is the solubility in the absence of salt. 3. The values of S have been calculated to be 12.2, 11.2, and 13.1 gm. per liter respectively at pH 6.4, 6.6, and 6.8. 4. The relatively great solubility of oxyhemoglobin in water has been ascribed to the strong affinity constants for acid and base of certain groups in oxyhemoglobin. 5. The small change in the solubility of oxyhemoglobin effected by neutral salts suggests that but few such groups are dissociated in oxyhemoglobin in the state in which it crystallizes near its isoelectric point. 6. Certain of the other properties of oxyhemoglobin, such as its low viscosity, are considered in the light of its molecular weight and its valence type.
Comparison between bulk and SOI MOSFETs for sub-100nm mixed mode applications

This paper presents a systematic and quantitative comparison between the analog characteristics of bulk and SOI technology. An analog performance metric of intrinsic gain, f/sub T/ and g/sub m//I/sub ds/ ratio is considered. The impact of device scaling on this performance metric has been analyzed. It is shown that, even for the frequencies in the range of GHz (where the AC kink effect is totally suppressed), the analog performance of SOI devices is inferior to that of the bulk devices due to capacitive drain-to-body coupling. Based on our study, we propose that gate-workfunction engineering is essential in FDSOI devices for improving analog performance at a threshold voltage compatible with the bulk technology.
Strengthening of solid-state laser materials

Active components in solid-state lasers require materials that are resistant to fracture from thermal loading. Design data suggest that component failure from thermal stresses may be a primary limitation on power output in high-average-power applications. The strength of brittle crystalline and glass laser materials in the presence of thermally induced surface tensile stresses depends both on the material’s inherent resistance to crack extension under load (the fracture toughness) as well as the size of the flaws that inevitably exist at the surfaces.
Relating osmotic performance of thin film composite hollow fiber membranes to support layer surface pore size

Thin film composite (TFC) membranes are considered a preferred platform for forward osmosis (FO) wherein the selective and support layers can be tailored independently for preferred chemistry and structure. TFC hollow fiber membranes in particular have garnered interest because of their high packing density. In previous studies, TFC hollow fiber membranes were made by forming the selective layer via in-situ interfacial polymerization onto a porous supporting layer. These studies, however, have not examined how the surface properties of the support layer, the pore size in particular, impact the selective layer formation and its properties. In this study, we conducted a systematic investigation on the influence of support layer pore size on the osmotic performance of TFC hollow fiber FO membranes. A series of commercially available ultrafiltration membranes with similar physical and chemical properties but different pore sizes were employed as the support layers. The resulting roughness of the selective layer was found to be dependent on support layer pore size. Osmotic flux tests revealed that the membrane performance is dependent on this roughness with rougher membranes exhibiting higher fluxes in many cases. Aside from elucidating the impact of support layer pore size on osmotic performance, we also demonstrated the potential of making high performance FO membranes using existing commercial hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes.
Modifying Dendritic Cell Activation with Plasmonic Nano Vectors

Dendritic cells (DCs) can acquire, process, and present antigens to T-cells to induce an immune response. For this reason, targeting cancer antigens to DCs in order to cause an immune response against cancer is an emerging area of nanomedicine that has the potential to redefine the way certain cancers are treated. The use of plasmonically active silver-coated gold nanorods (henceforth referred to as plasmonic nano vectors (PNVs)) as potential carriers for DC tumor vaccines has not been presented before. Effective carriers must be able to be phagocytized by DCs, present low toxicity, and induce the maturation of DCs—an early indication of an immune response. When we treated DCs with the PNVs, we found that the cell viability of DCs was unaffected, up to 200 μg/ml. Additionally, the PNVs associated with the DCs as they were phagocytized and they were found to reside within intracellular compartments such as endosomes. More importantly, the PNVs were able to induce expression of surface markers indicative of DC activation and maturation, i.e. CD40, CD86, and MHC class II. These results provide the first evidence that PNVs are promising carriers for DC-based vaccines and warrant further investigating for clinical use.
Rejoinder To ‘Considering the Prospects for Establishing a Packing Gerrymandering Standard’

In this volume, Best and coauthors evaluate a series of measures of gerrymandering and conclude that some should be preferred over others. In this rejoinder, I suggest that their conclusions are premature because they do not offer a clear idea of what unfairness in redistricting means nor a sophisticated discussion of the mechanics of each measure. As such, their evaluations are inconsistent and sometimes factually inaccurate. Their analysis probably obscures more than it clarifies.
A cyber-defensive industrial control system with redundancy and intrusion detection

Technological advancement of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and control systems automation over the past decade has brought greater interconnections of the control components. Modern control communication systems such as ModbusTCP are based on open standards that leverage Ethernet to allow interoperability between solutions from different vendors. The enhanced exchange of information has, as a side effect, created cyber security vulnerabilities such as entry points for hackers. Network monitoring typically applied to corporate networks is rarely implemented for ICS networks and should be mandatory for critical systems. Defense-in-Depth (DiD) is a concept that built on the premise of early detection and providing alerts of intrusions to guarantee that defensive action is taken prior to the breach of any critical assets. This paper validates the new intrusion detection based cyberdefensive architecture by using a Raspberry Pi based ModbusTCP control system that enables simulation of cyber-attacks, and illustrates a mitigation measure with the added feature of Modbus monitoring using Snort.
Promoting Content Knowledge of Secondary Students With Learning Disabilities Through Comprehension Strategies

Students with learning disabilities struggle with basic comprehension skills across all content areas. By pairing comprehension strategies with content instruction, secondary content area teachers ...
Mathematical Modeling of RNA-Based Architectures for Closed Loop Control of Gene Expression

Feedback allows biological systems to control gene expression precisely and reliably, even in the presence of uncertainty, by sensing and processing environmental changes. Taking inspiration from natural architectures, synthetic biologists have engineered feedback loops to tune the dynamics and improve the robustness and predictability of gene expression. However, experimental implementations of biomolecular control systems are still far from satisfying performance specifications typically achieved by electrical or mechanical control systems. To address this gap, we present mathematical models of biomolecular controllers that enable reference tracking, disturbance rejection, and tuning of the temporal response of gene expression. These controllers employ RNA transcriptional regulators to achieve closed loop control where feedback is introduced via molecular sequestration. Sensitivity analysis of the models allows us to identify which parameters influence the transient and steady state response of a target...
Open-source system for millisecond-synchronized continuous video-EEG

Abstract The causes of epilepsy are incompletely understood, and rodent models enable valuable mechanistic investigations. Synchronized video-electroencephalography (video-EEG) data is critical for clinical assessment of seizure events and is similarly important in basic research on epilepsy, but commercial packages offer limited flexibility and are costly. We've developed and here make freely available OpenVEEG, fully open-source software for millisecond-synchronized video-EEG. With only hardware costs, the system price is approximately one-fifth that of a commercial system with similar capabilities. It is straightforward to use, readily extensible, and records robustly on the time scale of weeks.
Animal Models of Eating Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, and Addictions

Laboratory animal models are valuable in that they allow researchers to better understand the various biological and behavioral factors that may contribute to eating disorders and substance use disorders, as well as an opportunity to discover effective treatments for each. This chapter describes how animal models have been used to study features of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, with a particular focus on the variables associated with the development of such behavior in animals. The second half of this chapter focuses on the various animal models that have been used to explore key characteristics of addiction. This chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the overlaps that exist between the two types of disorders and suggestions for future research directions.
SYMPOSIUM ON TEACHING PRECIOUS METAL CRAFTS

The panel members were: Joseph E. Bukowski, The Jewelry Institute, Stanley Lechtzin, Tyler School of Art, Temple University, Jan Yager, Rhode Island School of Design, recent graduate.
Biochemistry of V(D)J Recombination

The genes that encode immunoglobulin and T cell receptor proteins are assembled from component gene segments in a reaction known as V(D)J recombination. The reaction, and its crucial mediators RAG1 and RAG2, are essential for lymphocyte development and hence for adaptive immunity. Here we consider the biochemistry of this reaction, focusing on the DNA transactions and the proteins involved. We discuss how the RAG proteins interact with DNA and how coordinate cleavage of the DNA at two sites might be achieved. Finally, we consider the RAG proteins and V(D)J recombination from an evolutionary point of view.
Mechanics of Energy Absorbability in Plain-Woven Fabrics: An Analytical Approach:

Experimental studies have shown that flexible woven fabrics can absorb significant kinetic energy from both projectile and fragment impacts through a combination of design factors which include yar...
Immunophenotypic profile of leukocytes in hyperandrogenemic female rat an animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Abstract The immune etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an intriguing area. However, whether there is alteration in the leukocyte populations in different tissues remain ambiguous. Aim: To characterize the leukocyte populations of hyperandrogenemic female (HAF) rat tissues. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats at 3 weeks of age were implanted subcutaneously with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo pellets. The rats were aged to 14–15 weeks and tissues were collected. Results: Peripheral blood (PB) and renal CD4+ (P
Emission of Spin-Polarized Electrons to Study Surface Magnetism and Particle-Surface Interaction

Ion-induced, angle and energy resolved, spin-polarized electron emission spectroscopy (SPEES) has been used to probe the electron spin polarization (ESP) at the surface of Ni(110) picture-frame single crystals. The energy distribution of the emitted electrons, which includes spin-polarized Auger electrons, is significantly different from that of electron-induced secondary electrons and contains fundamental information on the local surface magnetic structure of Ni(110) and on particle-surface interaction mechanisms.
Fatty liver disease and primary liver cancer: disease mechanisms, emerging therapies and the role of bariatric surgery

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the precursor to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a spectrum of liver diseases that clinically resembles alcohol induced fatty liver disease but occ...
The application of food grade short chain fatty acids to prevent infestation of Tyrophagus putrescentiae on dry cured ham and the effects on sensory properties

Abstract Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ham mite) is difficult for commercial dry cured ham producers to control. Methyl bromide is an effective fumigant but is now banned as an ozone depleting substance, meaning alternative methods to control mite infestation must be found. This research was conducted to test the efficacy of C8C9C10 fatty acids combined with and without food grade coatings to control mite infestations on dry cured hams. Ham cubes were coated directly or wrapped in nets saturated with C8C9C10 with combinations of either soybean oil, xanthan gum (XG) or carrageenan (CG) + propylene glycol alginate (PGA). Cubes were then inoculated with 20 large mixed sex ham mites and stored for 14 days at 22 ± 2 °C and 70 ± 5% relative humidity. The soybean oil alone or in combination with 10% C8C9C10 in direct coating, and 1% and 10% C8C9C10 in coated nets controlled mite population growth. In addition, the use of 10% C8C9C10 + XG and 10% C8C9C10 + CG + PGA in direct coatings or in saturated nets, and 1% C8C9C10 + XG in saturated nets also inhibited mite population growth. Unexpectedly, the soybean oil solvent by itself effectively controlled mite population growth as well. Sensory evaluation was performed using a difference from control test (n = 8) and indicated that only 10% C8C9C10 mixed with soybean oil and 100% soybean oil did not impart sensory differences to ham when used as a coating. However, for ham slices treated in saturated nets and gum with C8C9C10 mixtures in either coating or saturated nets did impart sensory differences. Results indicated that C8C9C10 and soybean oil could be used in coating formulations to control ham mites but long-term testing, sensory evaluation, and scaled up testing is needed prior to industrial implementation.
Normal Cardiac Physiology and Ventricular Function

Abstract This article reviews cardiovascular physiology at the cellular, isolated muscle, and organ levels. Events described at the cellular level include the action potential, excitation–contraction coupling, and the fundamentals of myocardial contraction. The mechanics of constituent muscle fibers is explained in the context of isometric and isotonic contractions of isolated muscle. At the organ level, the electrocardiogram, cardiac cycle, and pressure–volume loops are introduced and the determinants of left ventricular function are discussed. Finally, there is an examination of hemodynamics, the coronary circulation, and the microcirculation.
The heart of the matter: academic and public libraries adapt to pandemics through time and technology

Delaney Daly is earning a Master of Library Science degree at the Texas Woman’s University School of Library and Information Studies. She will graduate in December of 2020 and works at Vail Public ...
Life Cycle Assessment: A Tool to Help Design Environmentally Sustainable Space Technologies

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a commonly used tool to quantify the environmental impacts of given engineered systems throughout entire life-cycles, starting with raw material acquisition and including manufacture, use, and end-of-life. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published a series of LCA standards: ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006. Using LCA enables an engineer, designer, or manager to identify areas of system life-cycles having significant environmental burdens and develop/evaluate alternative designs to reduce those burdens. LCA also enables comparison amongst different final product designs, to competing products, and supply chain options. LCA results typically quantify environmental impacts such as global warming potential, resource depletion, ecotoxicity, acidification, eutrophication, and human health effects, however, many other quantified impact categories such as producer cost can also be included. In this proceeding we review the basic methods for conducting an LCA and describe how these methods can be adapted for use in the design and evaluation of space technologies. Three LCA methodologies we discus and review are process-LCA, economic input-output LCA (EIO-LCA), and hybrid-LCA. We discuss the main challenges facing the use of LCA for space technologies including the need for comprehensive production and supply chain databases and developing and standardizing new life cycle impact assessment categories relevant to current and future space applications (such as orbital debris and satellite orbital volume use, i.e. the volume of space occupied in a given orbit per unit time). As a case study we explore LCA for evaluating and improving the design of a space elevator. The space elevator concept is based on simple space tether mechanics. Instead of swinging a rope in a circle while an ant climbs back and forth, imagine a strong ribbon attached to the equator and counterbalance in high orbit with tether climbers traversing the ribbon. There is a large and growing quantity of designs published in academic and technical literature. We used the most comprehensive space elevator design at the time of the space elevator LCA research was by Swan et al. (2013). Two design options evaluated in that research – the first one-tether space elevator port and subsequent one-tether space elevator ports – demonstrate how LCA can be used in evaluation of proposed and developing space technologies.
Exploring A Time-Based Management Fleet Prioritization Service

When National Airspace System (NAS) flight demand (e.g., Flight Operator operations) exceeds capacity (e.g., airport-, weather-, airspace-related) at a NAS resource the result is delay. To ensure an efficient NAS, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) uses various Time-Based Management (TBM) capabilities to balance capacity and demand across NAS resources. These capabilities assign the resulting delay across the resource flight demand. For example, the FAA uses the Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM) system to manage the balance between demand and capacity at arrival airports and departure fixes/flows by assigning delays across airborne and ground-based flights. TBFM is not creating delay, rather assigning delay that exists within the NAS to balance traffic demand with available capacity. TBFM uses controlled departure times to assign this delay on an as-requested approach. There is a desire among flight operators to provide priority inputs that can be accounted for by TBFM in order to minimize delay assigned to those flights that are most important to them in meeting their business objectives. Fleet Prioritization concepts, which intend to address this desire to better accommodate flight operator preferences as part of TBM, is considered consistent with achieving increased Operational Flexibility, one of four stated objectives in the FAA’s Vision for Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO).The MITRE Corporation in collaboration with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is analyzing and exploring how a TBM Fleet Prioritization Service can be incorporated as part of future TBFM system capabilities. The Flight Operators’ needs for Fleet Prioritization and a concept for this was investigated, including concept elements that would be needed. Process-, procedural-, and automation-based methods were identified to achieve Fleet Prioritization goals. The scope of shortfalls related to TBFM and broader TBM operations were explored and data analysis performed to determine to what extent operational and/or business considerations necessitate the prioritization of flights to reallocate assigned delay in TBM operations. TBM assigned departure delays can vary widely for a flight; however, current operational TBM practices provide only a limited planning horizon for potential prioritization activities. The prioritization of flights requires sufficient planning time to ensure that the flight operators can meet business needs. Further data analysis highlighted that the advantages of applying increased scheduling lead-time as a means to minimize delay are location-dependent and not consistent NAS-wide. Therefore, any envisioned Fleet Prioritization service will require location-specific considerations. This paper will describe how the FAA should make both near-term and longer-term improvements to exchange data with flight operators, mature the concept, and utilize existing capabilities to improve flight operator preference accommodation.
Comparing the Palliative Care Needs of Patients Seen by Specialty Palliative Care Teams at Home Versus in Clinic

Abstract Context Understanding the unique needs of patients seen in clinic versus at home can help palliative care (PC) teams choose how to maximize available resources. Objectives To compare the characteristics and PC needs of patients seen by PC teams in clinic versus at home. Methods We analyzed data from the Palliative Care Quality Network between August 2016 and September 2019 and compared demographics, diagnosis, reason for referral, PC needs, functional status, self-reported symptoms, and patient-reported quality of life. Results Compared to patients receiving PC in clinic, patients receiving PC at home were more likely to be of age 80 years or older (odds ratio [OR] 7.5, 95% CI 5.0, 10.9, P Conclusion Patients seen by PC teams at home had worse function and were more likely to be referred for care planning, while patients seen in clinic had more PC needs related to pain and symptom management. Despite these differences, both populations have significant PC needs that support routine assessment and require appropriately staffed interdisciplinary teams to address these needs.
Comprehension, purpose, and mattering? A latent profile analysis of laypeople’s beliefs about meaning in life

How do laypeople understand meaning in life (MIL) and how are lay beliefs about MIL related to well-being in specific groups of laypeople? To address these questions, we recruited 417 adults and id...
Seeking Information After the 2010 Haiti Earthquake: a Case Study in Mass-fatality Management

The 2010 earthquake in Haiti, which killed an estimated 316,000 people, offered many lessons in mass-fatality management (MFM). The dissertation defined MFM in seeking information and in recovery, preservation, identification, and disposition of human remains. Specifically, it examined how mass fatalities were managed in Haiti, how affected individuals sought information about fatalities, and what needs motivated them. Data from 28 in-depth, partially structured interviews, conducted during two field visits ending 21 weeks after the earthquake, were included in a case study. The data analysis revealed the MFM was severely inadequate. One interviewee, a senior UN official, stated, "There was no fatality management." The analysis also indicated a need to learn whereabouts of the deceased motivated individuals to visit spots the deceased were last seen at. It sought to illumine information-seeking practices, as discussed in the works of J. David Johnson and others, by developing a new model of information flow in MFM. In addition, it reaffirmed Donald Case and Thomas Wilson's theoretical proposition – that need guides any seeking of information – in the case of Haiti. Finally, it produced recommendations regarding future directions in MFM for emergency managers and information scientists, including possible use of unidentified body parts in organ transplants. Overall, the dissertation, which was supported by two grants of the National Science Foundation, attempted to add to relatively scanty literature in information seeking in MFM.
Focus on Technology: Virtual Field Trips: Going on a Journey to Learn Without Leaving School

Remember how fun field trips were when you were in school? Field trips not only motivate students but also create learning opportunities. It would be great if teachers could take students on more f...
The Conflict of Laws and Boumediene V. Bush

The Supreme Court's 2008 decision extending the constitutional right of habeas corpus to non-citizen detainees held at Guantanamo Bay is a remarkable decision on many levels. Although the Supreme Court had previously held to a mostly sovereignty based, territorial methodology for determining whether U.S. constitutional rights would be extended extraterritorially, latent in the Court's jurisprudence had long been a strain of the "personal law" principle. That personal law principle was the analytical basis for reorientation of U.S. conflicts law away from territoriality to interest analysis. In Boumediene v. Bush, the Court was required to confront the competing territoriality and personal law strands of its jurisprudence. Its attempt to reconcile the two into a "functional" test mimics the same struggle that U.S. courts have had for the last four decades trying to accommodate those competing concerns on conflict of laws. Thus, this article argues that the Supreme Court's decision is best understood as a conflict-of-laws decision.
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome and Emergency Therapy

The pulmonary renal syndrome is a symptom complex with simultaneous involvement of the kidneys and lungs. While this can be related to any concomitant kidney and lung dysfunction, the usual connotatio
CONTENT PROTECTION WITH FOREIGN CAPITAL

The author considers local content requirements in a second-best environment with foreign capital flows and explores the consequences for domestic producers of final goods. The author derives an expression for the welfare consequences of content protection in a competitive general equilibrium model of two stages of production and shows that content protection initially has no effect other than expanding foreign firms at the expense of domestic ones. Once domestic producers exit, further tightening of the content requirement decreases production of the final good and increases component production, stimulating an inflow of foreign capital. Conflicting effects on domestic welfare are discussed. Copyright 1993 by Royal Economic Society.
Direct production of conductive/resistive traces on a flexible substrate using a computer/printer system

Currently, strain gage instrumentation of rocket motor cases involves individually attaching each gage and running lengthy lead wires from the gages to the signal conditioning equipment. The application of many individual gages is time consuming. Also, the lead wires introduce errors due to their resistance and the electrical noise they absorb. Two areas of interest have been identified which deal with simultaneously applying multiple strain gages and locating the signal conditioning circuitry adjacent to the gages. Both of these areas of interest involve the production of conductive and resistive traces on flexible substrates. It is desired to produce these traces directly using computer control without having to use a silk screening process or etching of copper. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify technologies which potentially could be developed to produce resistive strain gages and conductive traces for electronic circuitry on thin flexible substrates; (2) determine the current capabilities of these technologies as they pertain to the production of conductive and resistive traces; and (3) investigate the technologies to determine the problems which must be overcome in order to produce consistent and reliable results. Although control and timing difficulties present a problem with producing uniform traces, resistances of less than 0.4 /spl Omega//cm (1 /spl Omega//in) were produced with a width of about 1.0 mm (0.04 in).
The remote sensing of topography using polarimetric SAR

A processing technique for polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data has been developed which produces profiles of terrain slopes and elevations in the azimuthal (or along-track) direction. The technique estimates the average shift in polarimetric orientation of co-pol (or cross-pol) backscatter caused by azimuthal tilts of the scattering plane. Initial tests of this technique have been made for forested areas near Villingen/Schwenningen in Baden-Wurttemburg (Germany). Subsequent tests of the algorithm have been conducted using polarimetric SAR L-band data for a mountainous, non-forested, region in the Mojave Desert (Ft. Irwin, CA). The radar measured slope (and derived elevation) profiles have low rms errors and high correlation values when compared with digital-elevation maps (DEM) for the two areas. The algorithm is capable of adaptively transitioning from forested areas to regions with open-terrain. Complete elevation and slope mapping of the terrain in two dimensions is possible using this technique when azimuthal elevation profiles are produced throughout the range extent of the SAR image.