cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of change in Dutch enig : from nonveridicality to strong negative polarity

In this brief commentary, I consider Hoeksema’s data on enig and suggest that there is actually no shift from non-veridicality to downward entailment, but rather from weak to strong negative polarity. This shift in distribution comes with a change in intonation, observed often with strong NPIs crosslinguistically (Greek, Korean, Japanese). The path of enig to strong NPI-hood can therefore be regarded as grammaticalizing intonational properties as well. In comparing the older versus more modern usages of Dutch enig, I suggest that the two major sources for NPI-hood known from the literature, scalarity and referential deficiency, may correlate with the weak versus strong NPI distinction. Finally, it is suggested that the distributional change comes with a concomitant meaning shift and the emergence of an additional scalar dimension in the Modern Dutch NPI enig (e.g. via an EVEN component).
TU‐G‐BRC‐01: JUNIOR INVESTIGATOR WINNER: 4D Planning over the Full Course of Fractionation: Assessment of the Benefit of Tumor Trailing

Purpose: Tumor trailing techniques have been proposed as a method of reducing the problem of intrafraction motion in radiotherapy. However the dosimetric assessment of trailing strategies is complicated by the requirement to study dose deposition over a full fraction delivery. Common 4D planning strategies allowing assessment of dosimetric motion effects study a single cycle acquired with 4DCT. In this paper a methodology to assess dose deposited over an entire treatment course is advanced and used to assess the potential benefit of tumor trailing strategies for lungcancer patients. Methods: A digital phantom mimicking patient anatomy was programmed to follow the tumor respiratory trajectory observed from 33 lungcancer patients. The phantom consisted of a human torso with an implanted centrally located lung lesion segmented from a patient CT. Motion margins required to obtain CTV coverage by 95% of the prescription dose to 90% of the available cases were computed for a standard treatment strategy and a trailing treatment strategy. The accumulated dose from the full multi‐fraction delivery was then calculated for each both alternative treatment delivery strategies. Results: The trailing strategy facilitated a reduction in the required motion margin of over 30% relative to the conventional delivery. When the dose was computed across the entire delivery for the 33 cases the trailing strategy was found to significantly reduce the underdoseage to the outlier cases and the reduced margin trailing margin facilitated a 15% reduction for the mean lungdose and 7% reduction for the mean esophagus dose. Conclusions: The target trailing delivery strategy facilitated margin reduction leading to reduced normal tissuedose while at the same time improving the robustness of the target dose to possible outlier tumor motion trajectories.
Mutual Diffusion Coefficients and Densities at 298.15 K of Aqueous Mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 at High Concentrations with NaCl Solute Fractions of 0.9000

Isothermal mutual diffusion coefficients (interdiffusion coefficients) were measured for ternary aqueous mixtures of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a constant NaCl molarity fraction z1 = 0.9000 at 298.15 K, using high precision Rayleigh interferometry with computerized data acquisition. The experiments were performed at total molarities of (2.0000, 3.0003, 4.0010, and 5.0071) mol·dm-3. Diffusion coefficients of NaCl(aq) were also measured at essentially these same four concentrations, those of Na2SO4(aq) at (1.3500 and 1.6998) mol·dm-3, as were the densities of all solutions. These measurements supplement our earlier ones at total molarities of (0.5000, 1.00025, and 1.4990) mol·dm-3 with various ratios of NaCl to Na2SO4, which also included compositions with z1 = 0.9000. At nearly all of the ternary solution compositions, the Na2SO4 cross-term diffusion coefficient is small and negative whereas the NaCl cross-term diffusion coefficient is larger and positive. However, at the fixed NaCl molarity fraction z1 = 0.9000, ...
On Backscattering and Mobility in Nanoscale Silicon MOSFETs

The DC current-voltage characteristics of an n-channel silicon MOSFET with an effective gate length of about 60 nm are analyzed and interpreted in terms of scattering theory. The experimental results are found to be consistent with the predictions of scattering theory - the drain current is closer to the ballistic limit under high drain bias than under low drain bias, and the on-current in strong inversion is limited by a small portion of the channel near the source. The question of how the low- and high- V DS drain currents are related to the near-equilibrium, long-channel mobility is also addressed. In the process of this analysis, theoretical and experimental uncertainties that make it difficult to extract numerically precise values of the scattering parameters are identified.
A short-term longitudinal study of growth of relational aggression during middle childhood : Associations with gender, friendship intimacy, and internalizing problems

Trajectories of relational aggression were examined in a large, diverse sample of fourth-grade students. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine relational aggression over 1 calendar year. The results indicated that relational aggression increased in a linear fashion for girls over the course of the study. In addition, increases in friend intimate exchange were associated with time-dependent increases in relational aggression among girls only. Relational aggression and internalizing "tracked" together across the course of the study. Overall, the findings suggest relational aggression becomes increasingly common among elementary school girls, and girls' close, dyadic relationships may fuel relationally aggressive behavior in some contexts. Finally, the results indicate that relational aggression trajectories are dynamically associated with maladjustment.
unc-44 Ankyrin and stn-2 γ-Syntrophin Regulate sax-7 L1CAM Function in Maintaining Neuronal Positioning in Caenorhabditis elegans

The L1 family of single-pass transmembrane cell adhesion molecules (L1CAMs) is conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila to vertebrates and is required for axon guidance, neurite outgrowth, and maintenance of neuronal positions. The extracellular region of L1CAMs mediates cell adhesion via interactions with diverse cell-surface and extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast, less is known regarding the function of the intracellular domains in the L1CAM cytoplasmic tail. Previously, we identified a role of the C. elegans L1CAM homolog, SAX-7, in maintaining neuronal and axonal positioning. Here, we demonstrate that this function is dependent on three conserved motifs that reside in the SAX-7 cytoplasmic tail: (1) the FERM-binding motif, (2) the ankyrin-binding domain, and (3) the PDZ-binding motif. Furthermore, we provide molecular and genetic evidence that UNC-44 ankyrin and STN-2 γ-syntrophin bind SAX-7 via the respective ankyrin-binding and PDZ-binding motifs to regulate SAX-7 function in maintaining neuronal positioning.
Taste and eating disorders.

Taste responses to sucrose and fat-containing stimuli were examined in a pop- ulation ofyoung women with eating disorders. Anorectic-restrictor and anorectic-bulimic patients were compared with normal-weight bulimic patients and with normal-weight control subjects. Sensory estimates of sweetness and fat content of 20 different mixtures of milk, cream, and sugar did not differ among subject groups. In contrast, relative preferences for sugar vs fat as determined by the Response Surface Method differed between patients with eating disorders and control subjects. Normal-weight bulimic patients preferred sweeter stimuli than did control subjects. Anorectic-restrictor and anorectic-bulimic patients liked sweet but disliked high-fat stimuli and showed elevated optimal sugar:fat (S:F) ratios. This pattern of response did not change following weight regain. The stability of preference profiles suggests that taste respon- siveness may be independent of diagnostic categories, bulimic behaviors, or acute changes in body weight. Am J C/in Nuir l987;46:442-50.
Ensembles of the Lorenz attractor

The temporal evolution of small and large ensembles is examined for the Lorenz equations. It is shown that a general closed system of ensemble averaged equations can be developed for the Lorenz equations, independent of the size of the ensemble. The closure is based on the method of Rothmayer & Black (1993). The present formulation gives a deterministic set of equations for the description of ensembles of the Lorenz attractor. Large ensemble solutions of the strange attractor computed in this study are found to be regular, without the sensitive dependence on initial conditions which characterizes the individual chaotic members of the ensemble.
Recombination and nondisjunction in humans and flies

Recent studies of Drosophila and humans indicate that aberrant genetic recombination is an important component of nondisjunction in both species. In both, a proportion of nondisjunction is associated with failure to pair and/or recombine and in both, exchanges which are either too distal or too proximal increase the likelihood of malsegregation. In this review we provide two perspectives on these observations: first, a review of exchange and chromosome segregation in model organisms, focusing on Drosophila, and secondly an overview of nondisjunction in humans. This format allows us to describe the paradigms developed from studies of model organisms and to ask whether these paradigms apply to the human situation.
Salesforce Incentives, Market Information, and Production/Inventory Planning

Salespeople are the eyes and ears of the firms they serve. They possess market knowledge that is critical for a wide range of decisions. A key question is how a firm can provide incentives to its salesforce so that it is in their interest to truthfully disclose their information about the market and to work hard. Many people have considered this question and provided solutions. Perhaps the most well-known solution is due to Gonik (1978), who proposed and implemented a clever scheme designed to elicit market information and encourage hard work. The purpose of this paper is to study Gonik's scheme and compare it with a menu of linear contracts--a solution often used in the agency literature--in a model where the market information possessed by the salesforce is important for the firm's production and inventory-planning decisions.
Transposon-induced mutants of Listeria monocytogenes incapable of growth at low temperature (4°C)

Transposon mutagenesis was used to pursue the molecular basis of cold resistance in Listeria and its possible involvement in pathogenesis. We have generated transposon-induced mutants of Listeria monocytogenes which were unable to grow at 4°C but grew at 8°C, 22°C and 37°C. The transposon was localized in the same 1.8-kb EcoRI fragment in two independently derived mutant. Mutants which carried single transposon insertions had normal hemolytic activity, motility and invasion of cultured fibroblasts. These results indicate that in L. monocytogenes cold sensitivity can be caused by single transposon insertions and that loss of cold resistance may not interfere with other phenotypes, including invasion in a cell culture model.
Programmable Construction of Nanostructures: Assembly of Nanostructures with Various Nanocomponents.

This article gives an overview of the recent achievements regarding the synthesis and potential applications of nanoscale particulate building blocks (termed nBLOCKs) with well-defined and controlled functionality and directionality.
Feedback control of end-point stiffness in a multi-joint limb by FNS

A multivariable proportional-plus-integral (PI) feedback controller for control of endpoint stiffness in a multijoint limb is presented. The controller, operating in the joint coordinate system, uses a driving error vector formed in the endpoint Cartesian coordinates, so that endpoint stiffness at the limb can be regulated. Experimental tests demonstrate stable control of endpoint position and isometric force with zero steady-state error. >
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XXI. A New Species of Palicourea (Psychotrieae) from Costa Rica

A new species of Palicourea Aublet (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) is described and illustrated: P. palustris A. C. Gilman & C. M. Taylor from montane Costa Rica. This species differs from P. salicifolia Standley by its large stipules that have well-developed lobes and are persistent with age, and by its larger corollas with relatively longer lobes.
Experience with two types of electromyography monitoring electrodes during thyroid surgery

Abstract Purpose: To prevent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid or parathyroid surgery, spontaneous and evoked electromyography (EMG) can be used to locate the recurrent laryngeal nerve or determine when the nerve is being disturbed. Two commercial electrodes have been introduced to receive laryngeal EMG. This study compares the clinical performance of the two electrodes. Patients and Methods: The Xomed-Treace endotracheal tube electrode (Xomed-Treace, Jacksonville, FL) and the RLN postcricoid laryngeal electrode (RLN Systems, Jefferson City, MO) were placed concomitantly in 11 patients during 14 surgical procedures. Results: The RLN electrode provided feedback as to placement by providing a heart-beat artifact. The RLN electrode was found to be both more sensitive and more electrically noisy. On stimulation, the Xomed tube electrode produced generally higher EMG amplitudes, perhaps because of the different muscles they monitor. In one case, the Xomed tube failed to provide EMG responses. Only at low electrical stimulation intensities could left and right vocalis muscles be identified with the Xomed tube. A laryngologist was needed to place the RLN electrode, whereas the attending anesthesiologist was able to place the Xomed tube. Conclusion: Both electrodes provided useful EMG information and helped confirm the location of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Who will place the electrode, tumors extrinsic or intrinsic to the larynx, cost, and size requirements should be considered when choosing an electrode.
Conservation and divergence of methylation patterning in plants and animals

Cytosine DNA methylation is a heritable epigenetic mark present in many eukaryotic organisms. Although DNA methylation likely has a conserved role in gene silencing, the levels and patterns of DNA methylation appear to vary drastically among different organisms. Here we used shotgun genomic bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) to compare DNA methylation in eight diverse plant and animal genomes. We found that patterns of methylation are very similar in flowering plants with methylated cytosines detected in all sequence contexts, whereas CG methylation predominates in animals. Vertebrates have methylation throughout the genome except for CpG islands. Gene body methylation is conserved with clear preference for exons in most organisms. Furthermore, genes appear to be the major target of methylation in Ciona and honey bee. Among the eight organisms, the green alga Chlamydomonas has the most unusual pattern of methylation, having non-CG methylation enriched in exons of genes rather than in repeats and transposons. In addition, the Dnmt1 cofactor Uhrf1 has a conserved function in maintaining CG methylation in both transposons and gene bodies in the mouse, Arabidopsis, and zebrafish genomes.
Mission-level path planning and re-planning for rover exploration

The Life in the Atacama (LITA) project seeks to develop technologies for robotic life detection and apply them to the investigation of the Atacama Desert. Its field investigation in 2005 will demonstrate highly autonomous robotic science and daily multi-kilometer traverses over several weeks. A key component is mission-level path planning, which combines large-scale route selection, path and activity timing, and predictive energy management. Its purpose is to yield high-level plans for locomotion, solar charging and hibernation. We describe this new level of robotic autonomy and illustrate its performance from the field experiments in 2003. c 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Electrochemical Reduction of Beta‐Ketoesters: The Tafel Rearrangement

The electrochemical reduction of ethyl α‐butylacetoacetate at a lead cathode in aqueous sulfuric acid formed n‐octane, 2‐heptanone, 2‐octanol, 3‐octanol, 2‐octanone, 3‐octanone, 2,3‐octanedione, ethyl caproate, and erythro‐ andthreo‐ethyl α‐n‐butyl‐β‐hydroxybutyrate. These products indicate that the Tafel Rearrangement proceeds through a cyclopropane intermediate. Studies of the reduction of 2‐methyl‐2‐carbethoxycyclohexanone, 2,5‐dicarbethoxy‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dione, and 2,5‐dibenzyl‐2,5‐dicarbethoxycyclohexane‐1,4‐di‐one found that this method was not suitable for the preparation of cycloheptane and cyclooctane derivatives.
Model-driven program transformation of a large avionics framework

Model-driven approaches to software development, when coupled with a domain-specific visual language, assist in capturing the essence of a large system in a notation that is familiar to a domain expert. From a high-level domain-specific model, it is possible to describe concisely the configuration features that a system must possess, in addition to checking that the model preserves semantic properties of the domain. With respect to large legacy applications written in disparate programming languages, the primary problem of transformation is the difficulty of adapting the legacy source to match the evolving features specified in the corresponding model. This paper presents an approach for uniting model-driven development with a mature program transformation engine. The paper describes a technique for performing widespread adaptation of source code from transformation rules that are generated from a domain-specific modeling environment for a large avionics framework.
Universal Quadratic Lower Bounds on Source Coding Error Exponents

We consider the problem of block-size selection to achieve a desired probability of error for universal source coding. While Baron, et al. (2004; 1973) studied this question for rates in the vicinity of entropy for known distributions using central-limit-theorem techniques, we are interested in all rates for unknown distributions and use error-exponent techniques. By adapting a technique of Gallager from the exercises of Gallager (1971), we derive a universal lower bound to the source-coding error exponent that depends only on the alphabet size and is quadratic in the gap to entropy.
Extended coverage first-pass perfusion imaging using slice-interleaved TSENSE.

Parallel imaging applied to first-pass, contrast-enhanced cardiac MR can yield greater spatial coverage for a fixed temporal resolution. The method combines rate R 2 acceleration using TSENSE with shot-to-shot interleaving of two slices. The R SNR loss is largely compensated for by a longer effective repetition time (TR) and increased flip angle associated with slice interleaving. In this manner, increased spatial coverage is achieved while comparable or better image quality is maintained. Single-heartbeat temporal resolution was accomplished with spatial coverage of eight slices at heart rates up to 71 bpm, six slices up to 95 bpm, and four slices up to 143 bpm. Experiments in normal subjects (N 6) were performed to assess signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values. Magn Reson Med 51: 200 –204, 2004. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. † Coverage of the entire heart during first-pass, contrastenhanced MRI with single-heartbeat temporal resolution is desirable for quantifying perfusion abnormalities. Current imaging protocols limit our ability to image the entire heart with single-heartbeat temporal resolution, particularly at high heart rates. Multislice coverage can be achieved using fast gradient-recalled echo (FGRE) with echo-train readout and saturation recovery, with a relatively short preparation time (TI) (1). Imaging quality can be improved at the expense of coverage (2) by increasing the TI and the readout flip angle. Alternatively, a notch pulse scheme (3) can be used to increase the effective TI by imaging a slice while another slice is being prepared with a spatially selective presaturation pulse. However, this method may result in artifacts resulting from the flow of saturated blood. Parallel imaging can be used to reduce the acquisition time of first-pass perfusion images. The straightforward application of parallel imaging reduces imaging time, but at the expense of reduced image quality (i.e., R SNR loss for acceleration at rate R). The proposed application of accelerated imaging uses the decreased image acquisition time to permit slice interleaving, and yields increased coverage without loss of image quality.
Representations of the Euclidean group in the plane

The theory of representations of the Euclidean algebra and group in the planeE2 is investigated from a very general and basic point of view. A master representation is obtained for both the algebra as well as for the group. This master representation induces (subduces) all the representations ofE2 which are studied in this paper. The master representation is defined on the space of the universal enveloping algebra Ω ofE2, whose basis vectors are labelled by three (discrete) parameters. The finite-dimensional (linear, indecomposable) representations which are induced by the master representation are classified, both for the algebra and for the group. The bases for these representations are given and for the group the finite matrix elements. While the result regarding the classification of thefinite-dimensional indecomposable representations has been published, without proofs, we give here the proofs of the theorems. Moreover, the three- and four-dimensional representations of the Euclidean algebra and group, which are induced by the master representation, are obtained in this paper in explicit form.Infinite-dimensional indecomposable representations which are induced by the master representation are discussed at the level of both the algebra and the group. The familiar result of the infinite-dimensional irreducible representations is obtained as a final, and rather special, case of representations induced by the (indecomposable) master representation. The matrix elements for all representations of the groupE2 which are discussed here are given in explicit form. Due to the particular approach taken in this paper, relations among functions representing matrix elements in different representations are obtained.
Hierarchical modularity

To cope with the complexity of very large systems, it is not sufficient to divide them into simple pieces because the pieces themselves will either be too numerous or too large. A hierarchical modular structure is the natural solution. In this article we explain how that approach can be applied to software. Our compilation manager provides a language for specifying where individual modules fit into a hierarchy and how they are related semantically. We pay particular attention to the structure of the global name space of program identifiers that are used for module linkage because any potential for name clashes between otherwise unrelated parts of a program can negatively affect modularity. We discuss the theoretical issues in building software hierarchically, and we describe our implementation of CM, the compilation manager for Standard ML of New Jersey.
Institutionalization and Family Unity: An Exploratory Study of Cherlin's (1978) Views

The study described in this article employed a sample of 231 adults to examine Cherlin's views on the institutionalization of first marriage and the incomplete institutionalization of remarriage af...
Clinical training of pharmacy administration residents.

Continued learning and growth are at the heart of a pharmacy administrator’s success and require staying abreast of standards in pharmacotherapy guidelines, operational tactics, and leadership strategies. However, few pharmacists have a more clearly defined end to their formal clinical training
The normal flora of ileostomy and transverse colostomy effluents.

Effluents were obtained from 2 patients with transverse colostomies and 7 patients with colectomies. Six of the latter 7 patients had ileostomies and 1 patient had an ileoproctostomy. The underlying disease for which ileostomy had been performed was ulcerative colitis in 5 cases and regional enteritis in the other. Ileostomies had been performed 5 weeks to 5 years prior to the time specimens were obtained. The fecal flora from another patient, who had undergone jejunocolostomy for the treatment of obesity and had a je-
Monitoring and analysis of toxic substances in workplace air of shoes manufacturers in Zengcheng City in 2010

[Objective]To learn the present situation of occupational health in shoes manufacturers in Zengcheng City,and provide reference for future occupational health protection.[Methods]A total of 79 observation points of 9 shoes manufacturers in Zengcheng City were set up for hygienic investigation and monitoring in 2010.Each observation point was detected n-hexane,benzene,toluene,xylene,acetone and methyl ethyl ketone according to the national standard determination methods.[Results] The total unqualified rate was 20.25% of 79 observation points in this investigation.The unqualified rate of foreign-funded enterprise was 19.67%,that of private enterprise was 22.22%(P0.05).The n-hexane,acetone and methyl ethyl ketone complied with the national standard requirements of all observation points.The C-TWA unqualified rate of benzene,toluene and xylene were 13.92%,10.13% and 2.53%,there was significant difference(P0.05).The C-STEL unqualified rate of benzene,toluene and xylene were 12.66%,7.59% and 1.27% respectively,with significant differences(P0.05).[Conclusion]The occupational health status of shoes manufacturers in Zengcheng City was not optimistic in 2010.The main occupational hazards were benzene,toluene and xylene.Occupational health protection is still need to be enhanced.
TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF HORIZONTAL WELL WITH COUPLED IN WELLBORE AND RESERVOIR PART 2: COMPUTABLE MODEL

Based on coupling wellbore and reservoir, the forecasting-productivity model of the horizontal wells were presented by Duan Yong-gang and Chen Wei, and that Cinco's method to calculate transient pressure of finite conductivity vertical fractures well, this paper found a predicting productivity calculation model and formulas in Laplace space, for the convenient and the practicality to apply in oil field.Therefore, it could apply a great deal of existent flow models of the horizontal wells and it's pressure solution in the reservoir models. By iterative solution, some important information would be obtained such as the flow flux and pressure drop in wellbore etc.
The Development and Application of Electric Energy Metering Management System

In recent years,the work of energy metering management has aroused great attention among all social parts.As it covers a wide field and rich content,the traditional management methods and means can't satisfy the needs in current situation.So,it is imperative to realize the informationization of energy metering management.The development process and main technology of energy metering management system are presented in this paper.The system is composed of four subsystems,including gateway metering equipment management,measurement standards management,personnel certification management and quality supervision management.It realizes the networking,informationization and routinization in provincial power grid level with the function of measurement device lifecycle management and equipment quality track.This system has been applied in Guangdong Power Grid Corporation for the management of energy metering,and a good effect has been achieved.
Towards comparable cross-sector risk analyses

Concerns about the American drinking water infrastructure prompted the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to revisit the Risk Analysis and Management for Critical Asset Protection (RAMCAP) methodology. The Drinking Water Resilience Project undertaken by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sought to evaluate RAMCAP for prioritizing risk to water utilities and the lifeline infrastructures in the wastewater, energy, transportation and communications sectors. Developed shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, RAMCAP employs 41 reference scenarios to uniformly assess component values for consequence, threat and vulnerability in the standard risk formulation. Released as part of the 2006 National Infrastructure Protection Plan Risk Management Framework, RAMCAP today serves as the American Water Works Association J100-10 Standard for Risk and Resilience Management of Water and Wastewater Systems. The RAMCAP analysis was conducted in three successive tasks, Task 1: threat analysis; Task 2: performance analysis; and Task 3: requirements analysis. This paper presents the results of Task 3, which found the basic RAMCAP design sound, but the implementation details too broad to provide consistent results across infrastructure assets and sectors. Moreover, RAMCAP does not account for mobile assets, making it problematic for use in the transportation sector. In order to substantively address these problems, a prototype Lifeline Infrastructure Risk Analysis (LIRA) methodology was developed. LIRA employs the same basic design as RAMCAP, but has significant differences. In particular, LIRA is a top-down risk analysis methodology that analyzes system functionality for fixed and mobile assets. The central design concept reduces variability in the results by clearly specifying calculations and providing default values based on historical data. The LIRA risk results are not only more stable, but they are also applicable at the local, regional and national levels. This paper describes LIRA and compares it with RAMCAP, demonstrating that the new LIRA methodology is an appealing alternative for assessing risk across infrastructure assets and sectors. The methods and results described in the paper have key implications for critical infrastructure risk methodologies that are based on consequences, threats and vulnerabilities.
Two Useful Small Flaps for Reconstruction of Lip and Nose

The principle and technique for two small adjunct flaps for lip and nose reconstruction are presented. These flaps, one with a distal skin island and the other with a full-length mucosal component, are based on the vascularized orbicularis oris muscle as a carrier. These flaps are helpful in the repair of small- to moderate-sized defects of the lip or nose.
Norepinephrine and dopamine regulate signals and noise in the prefrontal cortex.

Issue: Norepinephrine and dopamine work in a cooperative yet reciprocal manner to regulate information processing at pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex.
Metabolic emergencies in obstetrics

This article reviews maternal and fetal aspects of diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid storm, Cushing's syndrome, addisonian crisis, pheochromocytoma, and hyper- and hypothyroidism.
Adiabatic Compression of a Dense Plasma “Mixed” with Random Magnetic Fields

This paper is concerned with adiabatic compression of a plasma sphere with a random small-scale magnetic field embedded in the plasma. The length of the field line between two intersections with th...
Surface Chemistry of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique optical properties, and they have the potential to greatly impact many areas of science and technology. Understanding the structure and chemical makeup of their surfaces as well as how to tailor them is of paramount importance in the development of their successful applications. This Feature Article reviews the current understanding of the surface chemistry of as-synthesized gold nanorods, methods of tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods with various inorganic and organic coatings/ligands, and the techniques employed to characterize ligands on the surface of gold nanorods as well as the associated measurement challenges. Specifically, we address the challenges of determining how thick the ligand shell is, how many ligands per nanorod are present on the surface, and where the ligands are located in regiospecific and mixed-ligand systems. We conclude with an outlook on the development of the surface chemistry ...
DESIGN OF STABLE CHANNELS IN ALLUVIAL MATERIALS

A method of designing sand-bed channels is suggested which considers bed roughness, resistance to flow, bed material discharge, and channel geometry. An alluvial channel may be designed when the discharge, fall diameter of the bed material, and the water temperature are known.
Identifying Iron Overload in Pediatric Oncology Patients

Abstract Background. Intensive therapy for childhood cancer is possible in large part due to improvements in supportive care that are currently available. Blood product transfusions, including red blood cell transfusions, are supportive care measures which are important in the tolerability of this therapy, and are frequently used in the majority of patients receiving therapy for childhood cancer. Although it is well recognized that frequent red blood cell transfusions in pediatric hematological disorders, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia major, lead to iron overload and its complications (ie, organ dysfunction), pediatric oncology patients receiving numerous red blood cell transfusions are not routinely screened or evaluated for risk of iron overload or its consequences. This study was done to identify pediatric oncology patients with iron overload in a general pediatric hematology/oncology clinic. Methods. A retrospective blood bank records review was performed of pediatric hematology/oncology patients treated in our clinic in the last 10 years (2003-2013) to identify those patients receiving >10 packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. These patients’ medical records were reviewed to determine which patients had been assessed for iron overload with a serum ferritin level. If a serum ferritin was obtained and the result was >1000 ug/L, records were reviewed to determine if patients received therapy for iron overload. Results. For the time period 2003-2013, blood bank records were screened on 144 patients. Fifty patients (34.7%) were identified as receiving >10 PRBC transfusions. Of these patients, 22 (44%; M/F = 12/10; age range = 2-23 y/o) were patients who had received therapy or were on active therapy for childhood cancer; 14 with leukemia (5 AML, 9 ALL), 8 with solid tumors (5 sarcomas, 1 hepatoblastoma, 1 lymphoma). Of these 22 patients, 6 (27%) patients had a serum ferritin level that was obtained and the remaining 16 (73%) had not. All the patients (100%) with a serum ferritin result had a serum ferritin level >1000 ug/L (range 1048-22021). Only one patient (off-therapy sarcoma patient, serum ferritin =1788 ug/L) was on therapy for iron overload (Exjade and phlebotomy). Conclusions. Pediatric oncology patients receiving numerous PRBC transfusions are at risk for iron overload. Routine risk screening and assessment for iron overload should be accomplished in all pediatric oncology patients as part of their off therapy follow-up management. For those identified as having iron overload, appropriate therapy should be considered as indicated. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Innovation and Discovery in Factory and Bureaucracy: Theory, Art and Method of the Knowledge Analytic

David Carnevale and Ralph Hummel propose a mixed “knowledge analytic” to deepen the study of trouble in modern organizations beyond the usual suspects. Science and reason are said to require help from art, aesthetics, and judgment to penetrate from precise but shallow understandings to the heart of work as it is practiced from the inside out. The focus here is the art of conceptualization at the level of the worker and the failure of unions to mobilize worker knowledge.
Changes in Seizure Frequency Vary Inversely with Changes in Allopregnanolone Levels in Progesterone-Treated Women with Catamenial Epilepsy (S48.006)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if allopregnanolone (AP) may mediate seizure reduction with progesterone treatment of women with perimenstrually exacerbated catamenial epilepsy. BACKGROUND: Animal studies suggest that AP, a progesterone metabolite and positive allostearic modulator of GABA A , may reduce neuronal excitability and raise seizure thresholds. Clinically, the NIH Progesterone Trial showed that the level of perimenstrual seizure exacerbation (C1 level), expressed as multiples of the combined mid-follicular and mid-luteal average daily seizure frequency, was the best predictor of ≥50% progesterone responders. C1 ≥3 level was associated with a significantly greater responder rate with progesterone (37.8%) than placebo (11.1%). DESIGN/METHODS: The AP data come from 155 subjects who had baseline and treatment phase mid-luteal serum samples drawn each cycle for hormone measurements in the NIH Progesterone Trial that compared the efficacy of adjunctive cyclic natural progesterone therapy vs placebo treatment of intractable seizures in 294 subjects randomized 2:1 to progesterone or placebo, stratified by catamenial and non-catamenial status (Herzog et al. 1997). It compared treatments on proportions of 50% responders and changes in seizure frequency from 3 baseline to 3 treated cycles. AP was measured by RIA (Frye & Bayon, 1999). We assessed the relationship between changes in AP levels and seizure frequencies from baseline to treatment using Pearson correlations. RESULTS: There was no significant correlation between percentage changes in AP levels and seizure frequencies from baseline to treatment overall. There was a significant correlation for subjects who had C1 ≥3 level of perimenstrual seizure exacerbation: r = -442, p = .013 and specifically for C1 ≥3 progesterone treated subjects (r = -.452, p = .035) but not other groups (C1 ≥3 placebo: r = -.318, C1 CONCLUSIONS: AP may be a mediator of seizure reduction in progesterone treated women with perimenstrually exacerbated catamenial epilepsy. Supported by: NIH NS RO1 39466. Disclosure: Dr. Herzog has received research support from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Frye has nothing to disclose.
Systematic Variation of the Optical Bandgap in Titanium Based Isoreticular Metal-Organic Frameworks for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 under Blue Light

A series of metal–organic frameworks isoreticular to MIL-125-NH2 were prepared, where the 2-amino-terephthalate organic links feature N-alkyl groups of increasing chain length (from methyl to heptyl) and varying connectivity (primary and secondary). The prepared materials display reduced optical bandgaps correlated with the inductive donor ability of the alkyl substituent as well as high photocatalytic activity towards the reduction of carbon dioxide under blue illumination operating over 120 h. Secondary N-alkyl substitution (isopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) exhibits larger apparent quantum yields than the primary N-alkyl analogs directly related to their longer lived excited-state lifetime. In particular, MIL-125-NHCyp (Cyp = cyclopentyl) exhibits a small bandgap (Eg = 2.30 eV), a long-lived excited-state (τ = 68.8 ns) and a larger apparent quantum yield (Φapp = 1.80%) compared to the parent MIL-125-NH2 (Eg = 2.56 eV, Φapp = 0.31%, τ = 12.8 ns), making it a promising candidate for the next generation of photocatalysts for solar fuel production based on earth-abundant elements.
The Plowers Plowed: The Violated Body in Psalm 129

Psalm 129 employs the metaphor of plowing the body. This metaphor is typically interpreted in light of the metaphor of yoked oxen common in other biblical texts. This paper considers an extension of the metaphor to include sexual violence. In light of the convergent uses in the metaphor of “plowing” in ancient texts to refer to both militarized violence and sexuality, “plowing the body” in Psalm 129 also has a nuance of sexual violence. This operates by analogy between the body of the victim and the land. This analogy provides for a coherent reading of the poem, Psalm 129, which employs agricultural imagery (plowing, sowing, harvesting, binding sheaves) throughout. The analogy between the body and the land via the metaphor of the plow suggests their shared vulnerability (to sexual violence, and to long-term agricultural destruction) in contexts of war.
Will you run it? A gatekeeping experiment examining credibility, branding, and affiliation within information subsidies

Abstract Information subsidies from military and civilian public relations practitioners receive varying degrees of acceptance by media gatekeepers. Using an experimental design, this study examined organizational affiliation within media gatekeeping. Television news decision-makers were randomly assigned one of five mock live news reports with only the reporter’s clothing and on-air title manipulated. Results indicated affiliation did not affect gatekeeper use. Higher credibility was attributed to spokespersons with no organizational affiliation, and to military practitioners over civilians.
P212 EDTA fully overcomes the prozone effect in luminex-based HLA antibody assays regardless of technical modifications

Aim Our laboratory has recently reported that serum treatment with EDTA is sufficient to overcome the prozone effect. However, it has been reported that in rare cases, specimens are partially resistant to EDTA treatment, and serum dilutions are still necessary. Although we have not encountered such case in our laboratory, we sought to determine if differences in the technical aspects of the assay may contribute to EDTA’s effectiveness. Methods We screened samples sent to our laboratory for HLA antibody testing for suspected prozone effect, based on MFI values of >15,000. Selected samples were tested in three protocols. Protocol #1: to determine the presence of prozone effect, serum samples were frozen, thawed, centrifuged (14,000 rpm for 10 min), and tested at neat, 1:4, 1:16, 1:64, and 1:264 by single antigen (SA) bead assays (One Lambda). Protocol #2: to test the clinically-validated method used by our lab, samples were frozen, thawed, centrifuged, treated with EDTA (4 mM), and tested at neat only; incubation and washing was performed in a 1 μM filter plate on a vacuum plate-washing system (Biotek ELx50). Protocol #3: to test the effect of EDTA in fresh samples with the manual washing method, fresh serum samples were centrifuged, treated with EDTA, and then tested at neat only; incubation and washing was performed in a traditional round-bottom plate. Data were acquired on a Luminex-200 and analyzed with HLAFusion software (One Lambda). Results We identified prozone effects in 18 patients’ samples: 8 patients’ class I antibodies, 8 patients’ class II antibodies, and 2 patients’ class I and II antibodies. Following EDTA treatment, fresh and frozen samples showed similar MFI values for the corresponding assignments, including 138 class I and 103 class II specificities. In addition, all determined specificities showed higher MFI values in EDTA-treated samples than the peak MFI value in sample with dilution only, regardless of which technical protocol was used. Conclusions Samples with prozone effect resistant to EDTA treatment were not detected in our study, independent of technical variability for sample processing. EDTA treatment fully overcomes prozone effect in our testing system. Factors causing low efficacy of EDTA in rare cases remain unknown.
Writing Significant Scholarship, Helping Others, and Making an Impact in Your Field: Lessons from a Senior Scholar

George J. Sanchez has modeled a new paradigm in his work with the almost one hundred undergraduate and graduate students he has mentored over the years. This article discusses the lessons I have learned from his scholarship and career over the years, lessons that I now share with my own students. In particular, his example challenges us to build and strengthen relationships with communities outside the academy, broaden our definitions of scholarship, and mobilize the complex power of storytelling in our research.
Paradigm, Paraphrase, Paralogia, and Paralysis: All in the name of progress

In Philosophy in a new key Susanne Langer (1942, p. 1) stresses the point that the questions posed by any interlocutor constrain and circumscribe the range of acceptable or palatable answers. Those who pose certain questions characteristically take for granted many assumptions that are open to dispute, or presuppose the truth of claims that may be false or problematic. Before I directly confront the substance of the paper by Voneche, I would like to commend him for his refusal to be suborned by the question-begging queries and assertions posed to him by the Editors of this volume.
Transport mirror laser damage mitigation technologies on the National Ignition Facility

There are 830 transport mirrors with a combined surface area of approximately 255 m2 of precision multilayer coatings deposited on 50 metric tons of BK7 glass in the high fluence transport section of the National Ignition Facility (NIF). With peak fluences over 20 J/cm2 at 1053 nm, less than five percent of these mirrors are exchanged annually due to laser damage since full system operations began in 2009. Multiple technologies have been implemented to achieve these low exchange rates. The coatings are complex dichroics designed to reflect the fundamental wavelength (1053 nm) and an alignment beam (374 nm) while suppressing target backscatter wavelengths (351 nm and 400-700 nm) from backward propagation up the beamlines. Each optic is off-line laser conditioned to nominally 50% over the average fluence and nominally 90% of the peak fluence allowing the final laser conditioning to occur on-line during NIF operations. Although the transport section of NIF is sealed in a clean argon environment, air knives were installed on upward facing transport mirrors to blow off particulates that could accumulate and initiate laser damage. Beam dumps were installed in between the final optics assembly and the final transport mirrors to capture ghost reflections from the anti-reflection coated surfaces on the transmissive optics used for polarization rotation, frequency conversion, and focusing the 192 laser beams on target. Spot blockers, normally used for the final optics, are sometimes used to project a shadow over transport mirror laser damage in an effort to arrest laser damage growth and extend transport mirror lifetime. Post analysis of laser-damaged mirrors indicates that the dominant causes of laser damage are from surface particulates and the 351-nm wavelength target backscatter.
Multistage Nonlinear Observer with Application to Vision Based Estimation

Abstract In this paper we propose an observer for a class of nonlinear systems with internal structure. The observer combines ideas of parameter identifiers and high-gain observers. Special structure of the system allows the design to be carried out in stages providing some advantages over other observer design methods. The applicability of the observer is illustrated via an example in which the position and velocity of a point mass moving in the gravity field are estimated from perspective observations.
The Compressibilities of Liquid Phase Host-Guest Systems

The compressibilities of seven liquidphase, macrocyclic host-guest systems were determinedat approximately 25 °C and 3.4 × 107 Pa.Each two-component system consisted of a cyclodextrin,a calixarene, or a crown ether as host and anappropriate solvent as guest. In each case studied,the host-guest system was found to be lesscompressible than the pure solvent, with thedifferences ranging from ∼2 to ∼18% of the magnitudesof the pure solvent compressibilities. These findingshave enabled us to better understand how strong,ambient pressure, intermolecular host–guestinteractions influence the compressibility ofsolutions. Both inclusion and solvationcontribute.