cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of divertor footprints and the pedestal plasmas in the presence of applied n = 3 fields for the attached and detached conditions in NSTX

Recent progress in the study of 3D field effects on the divertor and pedestal plasmas is reported with the use of a new set of diagnostics. A wide angle visible camera provides 2D data of lower divertor surface covering almost the full range of radius (r) and toroidal angle (Φ), a significant advantage over the conventional 1D radial profile in examining non-axisymmetric effects of 3D fields on the divertor footprints. The spatial distribution of connection lengths (Lc) calculated by vacuum field line tracing in the presence of 3D fields (n = 3) agrees with the footprint pattern observed in the 2D wide angle camera images. The full (r, Φ) image data with high temporal resolution revealed that the spatial structure of modified divertor footprints is maintained even during the edge-localized modes (ELMs) triggered by applied n = 3 fields, when the ELM size is sufficiently small, i.e. the ELMs are 'phase locked' to the imposed perturbation field structure. This phase-lock is lost during the ELM rise time for ELMs with large energy loss, e.g. ΔWELM/WMHD > 4–5%. Divertor gas puff was used to create detached divertor condition and the effect of 3D fields on the detachment was investigated. The divertor remains partially detached with the 3D field application when a sufficient amount of gas is injected into the divertor region, which is accompanied by a noticeable drop of pedestal electron temperature (Te). However, with a lower gas puff, the divertor plasma re-attaches, when 3D fields were applied to the detached plasma, and the pedestal Te rises back up. There observed no other change in the pedestal profile associated with the re-attachment, indicating that this is likely to be dominated by a change in the electron thermal transport processes. A TRANSP analysis shows that the drop of pedestal electron heat diffusivity (χe) is responsible for this change but the source of this reduction is yet unclear.
Thermal Modeling of Ultraviolet Nanoimprint Lithography

Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) is a promising nanomanufacturing technology that offers an alternative to traditional photolithography for manufacturing next-generation semiconductor devices. This technology involves coating an ultraviolet (UV)-curable monomer layer on the substrate and then imprinting it with a template containing topography corresponding to the desired substrate features. While the template is close to contact with the substrate, the monomer is cured by UV exposure. This results in definition of desired features on the substrate. While NIL has the potential of defining very small feature sizes, thermal management of this process is critical for ensuring accuracy. Heat generation in the monomer layer due to UV absorption needs to be managed and dissipated in order to avoid thermal expansion mismatch and consequent misalignment between the template and wafer. In addition, thermal dissipation must occur in a timeframe that does not adversely affect the required lithography throughout. This paper develops a numerical simulation model of the nanoimprinting process and utilizes the model to study the effect of various geometrical parameters on the accuracy and throughput of the process. The effect of the UV power characteristics on heat dissipation and consequently on misalignment due to thermal expansion is studied. Results indicate that the thermal expansion mismatch due to commonly used UV exposure parameters may be minimized by utilizing a lower exposure power for longer time. A transient model enables a study of the effect of die imprint sequencing on the overall temperature rise during the process. Results indicate a critical trade-off between minimizing temperature rise on one hand, and maximizing system-level throughput on the other. By identifying and quantifying this trade-off, this work contributes to development of error-free nanoimprint lithography for future technology nodes.
A novel multiprotein complex is required to generate the prechylomicron transport vesicle from intestinal ER

Dietary lipid absorption is dependent on chylomicron production whose rate-limiting step across the intestinal absorptive cell is the exit of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in its ER-to-Golgi transport vesicle, the prechylomicron transport vesicle (PCTV). This study addresses the composition of the budding complex for PCTV. Immunoprecipitation (IP) studies from rat intestinal ER solubilized in Triton X-100 suggested that vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), CD36, and the COPII proteins were associated on incubation of the ER with cytosol and ATP. This association was confirmed by chromatography of the solubilized ER over Sephacryl S400-HR in which these constituents cochromatographed with an apparent kDa of 630. No multiprotein complex was detected when the ER was chromatographed in the absence of PCTV budding activity (resting ER or PKCζ depletion of ER and cytosol). Treatment of the ER with anti-apoB48 or anti-VAMP7 antibodies or using gene disrupted L-FABP or CD36 mice all significantly inhibited PCTV generation. A smaller complex (no COPII proteins) was formed when only rL-FABP was used to bud PCTV. The data support the conclusion that the PCTV budding complex in intestinal ER is composed of VAMP7, apoB48, CD36, and L-FABP, plus the COPII proteins.
Physical layer verification for 3GPP LTE (FDD)

3GPP LTE is many different from the existing WCDMA based systems. The newness and the complexity of 3GPP LTE physical layer give increment to a number of product development challenges. This paper summarizes the change of physical layer and modulation scheme for 3GPP LTE and shows the simulation and test results of complex LTE physical layer and modulation scheme.
Truss Beam with Tendon Diagonals: Mechanics and Designs

A straightforward means to reduce the mass of some truss beams is to replace rigid diagonals with prestressed tendons. Pretension, however, aggravates the deployment challenge, loads the remaining struts, as well as affects the design in more subtle ways. The present paper helps navigating this trade-off by reviewing the mechanics of and some design considerations for a regular triangular truss beam with three lacing options: one redundant and two statically determinate combinations of tendon diagonals with diagonal pretensioning. Considered are member vibration, the interaction of mission loads with parasitic forces (redundant design), truss face accuracy and longeron compression eccentricity effects (determinate designs), as well as stiffness issues. A scrutiny of shear effects reveals that some shear compliance formulas regularly used for truss beam Timoshenko continuum modeling are incorrect.
Face detection and tracking using a Boosted Adaptive Particle Filter

A novel algorithm, termed a Boosted Adaptive Particle Filter (BAPF), for integrated face detection and face tracking is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on the synthesis of an adaptive particle filtering algorithm and the AdaBoost face detection algorithm. An Adaptive Particle Filter (APF), based on a new sampling technique, is proposed. The APF is shown to yield more accurate estimates of the proposal distribution and the posterior distribution than the standard Particle Filter thus enabling more accurate tracking in video sequences. In the proposed BAPF algorithm, the AdaBoost algorithm is used to detect faces in input image frames, whereas the APF algorithm is designed to track faces in video sequences. The proposed BAPF algorithm is employed for face detection, face verification, and face tracking in video sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed BAPF algorithm provides a means for robust face detection and accurate face tracking under various tracking scenarios.
Childlessness and Mental Well-Being in a Global Context:

Pronatal norms exist in various countries to varying degrees. Depending on the strength of pronatalism, adults who remain childless can experience negative sanctions that could affect their happiness and life satisfaction. We test these ideas on childless respondents from 36 nations in two waves of the World Values Survey (1994-1999 and 1999-2004). Childless adults are unhappier and less satisfied if they live in highly pronatalist nations than in other nations. The negative relationship between childlessness and life satisfaction is stronger for childless people in strongly pronatalist nations that have below-replacement fertility or low-to-medium scores on the Human Development Index than in strongly pronatalist nations with at- or above-replacement fertility or high scores on the Human Development Index. The findings show the importance of taking national-level contextual factors into account in understanding the mental well-being of childless people.
A single-chip signal processing and telemetry engine for an implantable 96-channel neural data acquisition system.

A fully implantable neural data acquisition system is a key component of a clinically viable cortical brain–machine interface. We present the design and implementation of a single-chip device that serves the processing needs of such a system. Our device processes 96 channels of multi-unit neural data and performs all digital processing necessary for bidirectional wireless communication. The implementation utilizes a single programmable logic device that is responsible for performing data reduction on the 96 channels of neural data, providing a bidirectional telemetry interface to a transceiver and performing command interpretation and system supervision. The device takes as input neural data sampled at 31.25 kHz and outputs a line-encoded serial bitstream containing the information to be transmitted by the transceiver. Data can be output in one of the following four modes: (1) streaming uncompressed data from a single channel, (2) extracted spike waveforms from any subset of the 96 channels, (3) 1 ms bincounts for each channel or (4) streaming data along with extracted spikes from a single channel. The device can output up to 2000 extracted spikes per second with latencies suitable for a brain–machine interface application. This device provides all of the digital processing components required by a fully implantable system.
T Cells as primary players in rheumatoid arthritis

The sequence of events required for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains poorly defined. Evidence strongly supports a genetic predisposition for disease development, and an association between certain class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles and the development and severity of RA has been established. Clearly, environmental factors are also likely to contribute to the disease process, although these etiological agents in RA have not been identified. Early histopathological alterations in the RA joint include morphological and phenotypic changes in the vascular endothelium, and hypertrophy of the synovial lining cells. However, also present at this stage is a modest perivascular accumulation of lymphocytes, including T lymphocytes. As disease progresses, this T cell infiltration becomes more pronounced and frequently more organized, and is accompanied by an influx of B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells and fibroblasts. Cytokines, primarily of macrophage and fibroblast origin, are secreted in abundance within the synovia and contribute in multiple ways to the progression of chronic inflammation, synovial cell proliferation and expansion, and cartilage destruction.
Neuronal subtype specification in the spinal cord of a protovertebrate

The visceral ganglion (VG) comprises the basic motor pool of the swimming ascidian tadpole and has been proposed to be homologous to the spinal cord of vertebrates. Here, we use cis-regulatory modules, or enhancers, from transcription factor genes expressed in single VG neuronal precursors to label and identify morphologically distinct moto- and interneuron subtypes in the Ciona intestinalis tadpole larva. We also show that the transcription factor complement present in each differentiating neuron correlates with its unique morphology. Forced expression of putative interneuron markers Dmbx and Vsx results in ectopic interneuron-like cells at the expense of motoneurons. Furthermore, by perturbing upstream signaling events, we can change the transcription factor expression profile and subsequent identity of the different precursors. Perturbation of FGF signaling transforms the entire VG into Vsx+/Pitx+ putative cholinergic interneurons, while perturbation of Notch signaling results in duplication of Dmbx+ decussating interneurons. These experiments demonstrate the connection between transcriptional regulation and the neuronal subtype diversity underlying swimming behavior in a simple chordate.
Dietary Protein Level and Essential Amino Acid Content: Influence upon Female Broiler Performance During the Grower Period

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of dietary CP level and essential amino acid (EAA) content upon female broiler performance during the grower period (21 to 42 days). In each experiment, the design included a diet containing a conventional CP level (17.8 to 19.0%) and a low CP diet (15.9 to 16.7%) supplemented with several EAA. Regardless of CP content, all diets were formulated to meet National Research Council requirements in 1984 of EAA and to be isocaloric. As additional treatments, modifications of the low CP diet were made in an attempt to improve broiler performance. In Experiments 1 and 2, body weight gain (BWG) and feed efficiency (FE) were significantly impaired by feeding the low CP diet despite various combinations of increased levels of methionine, lysine, arginine, threonine, isoleucine, and tryptophan. In Experiment 3, BWG and FE were not significantly influenced by dietary CP level. Feed intake was unaffected by treatment except when a high level of glutamic acid (GLU) was added; this lowered the intake. The low CP diets increased abdominal fat deposition, which was prevented by 5% GLU supplementation. Breast yield was not affected by diet composition. Plasma free amino acids responded, in some cases, to changes in dietary EAA content.
A Comparison of the 1976 and 1978 Wide Range Achievement Test Implications for the Learning Disabled

This study is a comparative analysis of grade equivalent and standard scores on the 1976 and 1978 revised editions of the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT). A previously identified learning disabled sample is utilized. When using standard scores, there were no significant differences between the 1976 and 1978 WRAT for all three subtests. When using grade equivalent scores, two of the three subtests indicated significant mean differences. The comparison indicates consistency of direction for all three subtests, with 1978 Level 1 yielding higher performance and 1978 Level 2 yielding lower performance. It is argued again that standard scores are the more appropriate representation of functioning when considering learning disability needs.
Mesoderm Induction in Xenopus laevis Distinguishes Between the Various TGF-β Isoforms

AbstractInduction of mesoderm in ectodermal explants of Xenopus laevis blastula embryos had previously been shown to respond selectively to TGF-β2, with TGF-βs 1 and 5 having no activity in this assay. As TGF-βs 1, 2, and 3 are frequently coexpressed in tissues, we wished to examine the activity of TGF-β3 relative to that of TGF-βs 1 and 2 in this assay as well as in other in vitro assays. We report here that when the activity of recombinant TGF-β3 is normalized to that of TGF-β1 in the assay for growth inhibition in CCL-64 cells, it is also equal to that of TGF-β1 in assays for stimulation of both anchorage-independent growth of rat NRK cells and chemotaxis of human monocytes. In contrast, in the assay for mesoderm induction, recombinant TGF-β3 is 10-fold more active than TGF-β2, inducing expression of muscle specific α-actin at concentrations as low as 1 ng/ml. These results suggest that more complex systems, in contrast to individual cell types, may respond selectively to the various TGF-β isoforms and...
CMR assessment of right ventricular function in patients with combined pulmonary stenosis and insufficiency after correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

BackgroundTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is one of the most common types of congenital heart disease and requires prompt surgical correction. Post-correction pulmonary insufficiency (PI) often ensues in adulthood. At times, the PI is accompanied by residual pulmonary stenosis (PS). Little is known regarding right ventricular (RV) function in the setting of combined PS and PI.PurposeTo compare cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters for the assessment of RV function between patients with combined pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary insufficiency (PSPI) and isolated PI following surgical repair of TOF.Material and MethodsRetrospective review of patients with comparable corrected TOF and similar PI was performed. Seventeen patients (median age, 24 years; range, 10–52 years) had combined PSPI and 30 patients (median age, 30 years; range, 6–70 years) had isolated PI. Cine magnetic resonance (MR) images (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) in the short-axis plane were used to calculate end-systolic, end...
Polymyxin B, in combination with fluconazole, exerts a potent fungicidal effect

Objectives The objective of this study was to identify existing clinical compounds that either possess a fungicidal activity alone or can act synergistically with fungistatic antifungals. Methods We screened a clinical compound library for drugs that exhibited anti-Aspergillus activity. Among selected compounds, the cationic peptide antibiotic polymyxin B was chosen for further characterization because it can be used parenterally and topically. The fungicidal effect of polymyxin B and its synergistic interactions with azole antifungals were tested against a variety of fungal species. The toxicity of the drug combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole was compared with that of each drug alone in mammalian cell cultures. Results We found that polymyxin B possesses a broad-spectrum antifungal activity at relatively high concentrations. However, because of its synergistic interactions with azole antifungals, polymyxin B at much lower concentrations exerts a potent fungicidal effect against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species and moulds when combined with azoles. The combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole at concentrations within susceptible breakpoints is particularly potent against C. neoformans isolates, including fluconazole-resistant strains. The drug combination displayed no additional toxicity compared with polymyxin B alone when tested in cell culture. Conclusions The combination of polymyxin B and fluconazole has the potential to be used in the clinic to treat systemic cryptococcosis. Our findings suggest that combining cationic peptide antibiotics with azole antifungals could provide a new direction for developing novel antifungal therapies.
A sensemaking perspective on situation awareness in power grid operations

With increasing complexity and interconnectivity of the electric power grid, the scope and complexity of grid operations continues to grow. New paradigms are needed to guide research to improve operations by enhancing situation awareness of operators. Research on human factors/situation awareness is described within a taxonomy of tools and approaches that address different levels of cognitive processing. While user interface features and visualization approaches represent the predominant focus of human factors studies of situation awareness, this paper argues that a complementary level, sensemaking, deserves further consideration by designers of decision support systems for power grid operations. A sensemaking perspective on situation awareness may reveal new insights that complement ongoing human factors research, where the focus of the investigation of errors is to understand why the decision makers experienced the situation the way they did, or why what they saw made sense to them at the time.
Effects of intravenous injection in dogs of staphylokinase and dog serum fibrinolysin.

Conclusion1. Staphylokinase, injected intravenously into a dog, caused appearance of active serum lysin, accompanied by a fall in prolyasin and antilysin. The blood became incoagulable presumably due to lysis of the circulating fibrinogen. A precipitous fall in blood pressure was also observed.2. Dog serum lysin, injected intravenously into a dog, also resulted in the appearance of active serum lysin, fall in antilysin, but no appreciable change in prolysin. Incoagulable blood, devoid of fibrinogen, was again obtained.
All-cause, liver-related, and non-liver-related mortality among HCV-infected individuals in the general US population.

Background. Liver-related mortality among those infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been described, but little is known about non–liver-related mortality. Our objective was to determine HCV-associated all-cause, liver–, and non–liver-related mortality in the general US population. Methods. A prospective cohort study of 9378 nationally representative adults aged 17–59 years was performed utilizing the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) Linked Mortality File that was made publicly available in 2010. HCV status was assessed from 1988 to 1994, with mortality follow-up of the same individuals through 2006. Results. There were 614 deaths over a median follow-up of 14.8 years. After adjusting for all covariate risk factors, HCV chronic infection had a 2.37 times higher all-cause mortality rate ratio [MRR] (95% CI: 1.28–4.38; P 5 .008), a 26.46 times higher liver-related MRR (95% CI: 8.00–87.48; P , .001), and 1.79 times higher non–liverrelated MRR (95% CI: .77–4.19; P 5 .18), compared with being HCV-negative. This represents an estimated 2.46 million US adults aged 17–59 years with chronic HCV infection who had an estimated 31,163 deaths from all causes per year, of which 57.8% (95% CI: 21.9%–77.2%) were attributable to HCV. Among those, there was an estimated 9569 liver-related deaths per year, of which 96.2% (95% CI: 87.5–98.9%) were attributable to HCV. Non– liver-related deaths were not significantly associated with HCV status. Conclusions. Chronic HCV all-cause mortality is more than twice that of HCV-negative individuals. This suggests that those with chronic HCV infection are at a higher risk of death even after accounting for liver-related morbidity and should be closely monitored.
Commentary: Is the hip bone connected to the spine bone?

COMMENTARY ON Prather H, Van Dillen LR, Kymes SM, et al. Impact of coexistent lumbar spine disorders on clinical outcomes and physician charges associated with total hip arthroplasty. Spine J 2012;12:363–9 ( in this issue ).
THE LOCATIONAL DYNAMICS OF SOVIET INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT Shift analytical techniques reveal two distinctive patterns of change in the location of industrial employment on a microregional scale in the USSR between 1940 and 1965. The major eastward shifts of industry between 1940 and 1955 resulted mainly from the effects of the war rather than planned development. The largest net increments between 1955 and 1965 were on the western border and in southern European Russia, with more modest increases in western Siberia, Kazakhstan, and Central Asia. Negative shifts predominated in the zone from Leningrad and Moscow through the Urals. Despite professed socialist goals of balanced economic growth in regional development and subsidization of national minorities, microregional employment inequalities still persist.
Consumption-Based Asset Pricing, Part 2: Habit Formation, Conditional Risks, Long-Run Risks, and Rare Disasters

Following Part 1 of this article, which reviews late-1970s to 1990s classic derivations and tests of the consumption capital asset pricing model, here in Part 2 we review more recent developments, some of which are based on utility functions with non-time-separable preferences. Important second-generation consumption-based asset pricing advances are also reviewed, including models with habit formation and long-run risk. These models give large cyclical changes in relative risk aversion and risk premiums as well as lagged impacts of aggregate consumption changes on risk premiums. We review asset pricing with rare disasters and models focused on consumer spending on durables and real estate, as well as the fraction of spending financed by labor income. The second-generation models discussed have more free parameters and fit the empirical data better than did the first-generation consumption-based asset pricing models.
The Oregon Health and Science University–Oregon State Hospital Collaboration: Reflections on an Evolving Public-Academic Partnership

This column describes the conceptualization and implementation of an innovative collaboration between Oregon State Hospital and Oregon Health and Science University that was created to address understaffing and improve the quality of care. The hospital created a forensic evaluation rotation to address the growing population of forensic patients, which created a valuable recruiting tool for the hospital. One of the authors, a recent recruit, provides a first-person account of his experience working within the collaboration. The model could be emulated by other public-sector facilities facing similar challenges with psychiatrist recruitment and retention.
Patellectomy for Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee

The results of patellectomy for degenerative arthritis causing patellofemoral pain were reviewed in twenty-seven of thirty-nine patients five to sixteen years after operation. All operations were performed by the senior author and all the patients included in the study were personally examined by the authors at follow-up. The results were rated good or excellent in three-quarters of the patients who were re-examined. No evidence of progressive joint degeneration attributable to the patellectomy was evident. Three failures occurred in knees with generalized degenerative arthritis at the time of operation.
Gerontology as a Graduate Social Work Concentration

Abstract Gerontology education in one graduate school of social work is advancing across a life course. From its origins of three students, now over 100 graduates serve elders and significant others. Grounding, growing, and sustaining gerontology as a “concentration” comes with challenge and reward. This article denotes the origins of a gerontology concentration, describing “community as impetus” and “outreach to students.” It proceeds to concentration outcomes, presenting “alumni as partners” and “community as beneficiary.” Sustainment of gerontology as a concentration is attributed to internal and external investment in a gerontologically- and geriatrically-sophisticated social work force.
Blood pressure and anthropometric differences in regularly exercising and nonexercising black adults.

Few studies have examined the relationship between exercise and BP in Black adults, a population with substantial risk for hypertension. This pilot study was undertaken to examine BP, anthropometric characteristics, dietary intake, and resting pulse rate by level of exercise participation in a group of Black Seventh Day Adventists. Subjects were classified as regular exercisers (n=54, age=54.6 yrs) if they reported at least two exercise sessions per week (x=4.0 times per week) lasting a minimum of 20 minutes each, in which they engaged in vigorous exercise. Nonexercisers (n=60, age=56.2 yrs) were those who reported participation in such exercise no more than once per week (x=0.1 times per week). There were no group differences in dietary intake of any macro or micronutrients, but exercisers exhibited significantly lower body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and resting pulse rate. Forty-two percent of the nonexercisers were confirmed hypertensives compared to only 20 percent of...
Report on Some Water Bugs from Costa Rica, C. A.

A small consignment of water bugs collected near San Isidro del General at elevations of from 2000 to 2300 feet by Dean L. Rounds has been received recently. This lot has been of particular interest to me because it contains Potamobates unidentatus Champion, a species known previously only by the types in the British Museum. Some other records are also worth noting.
ELECTIVE ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION PRE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT TO OPTIMIZE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ASYMMETRIC SEPTAL HYPERTROPHY

Transcatheter Aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the treatment of choice for patients suffering from symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) with a high operative risk profile. Patients with severe aortic stenosis typically have varying degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) which is
11,12-Epoxyecosatrienoic acids mitigate endothelial dysfunction associated with estrogen loss and aging: Role of membrane depolarization

Abstract Objective Endothelial dysfunction, including upregulation of inflammatory adhesion molecules and impaired vasodilatation, is a key element in cardiovascular disease. Aging and estrogen withdrawal in women are associated with endothelial inflammation, vascular stiffness and increased cardiovascular disease. Epoxyecosatrienoic acids (EETs), the products of arachidonic acid metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J, 2C and other isoforms, are regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-catalyzed conversion into less active diols. We hypothesized that 11,12-EETs would reduce the endothelial dysfunction associated with aging and estrogen loss. Approach/results When stabilized by an sEH inhibitor (seHi), 11,12-EET at a physiologically low dose (0.1 nM) reduced cytokine-stimulated upregulation of adhesion molecules on human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC) and monocyte adhesion under shear flow through marked depolarization of the HAEC when combined with TNFα. Mechanistically, neither 11,12-EETs nor 17β-estradiol (E2) at physiologic concentrations prevented activation of NFκB by TNFα. E2 at physiological concentrations reduced sEH expression in HAEC, but did not alter CYP expression, and when combined with TNFα depolarized the cell. We also examined vascular dysfunction in adult and aged ovariectomized Norway brown rats (with and without E2 replacement) using an ex-vivo model to analyze endothelial function in an intact segment of artery. sEHi and 11,12-EET with or without E2 attenuated phenylephrine induced constriction and increased endothelial-dependent dilation of aortic rings from ovariectomized rats. Conclusions Increasing 11,12-EETs through sEH inhibition effectively attenuates inflammation and may provide an effective strategy to preserve endothelial function and prevent atherosclerotic heart disease in postmenopausal women.
Survey on the immune planning vaccination rates of school-age children in Qingcheng district during 2009-2013

Objective To clarify the vaccination trend of Expanded Programme on Immunization among school-age children in Qingcheng district during 2009-2013, in order to guide future immunization program. Methods Through cluster survey(PPS),30 village(house) committeesper district were randomly selected for the study in each year. 7 school-age children were selected randomly in each village(house).School-age children immunization coverage survey data was collected from 2009 to 2013. Results BCG, HepB, OPV, DPT and MV single vaccination rate of school-age children in Qingcheng district reached 95% and the annual coverage rate of full course immunization for six vaccines was more than 90%. The annual rates of setting the vaccination card and vaccination record were both reached 100%; fulfillment for both card and recordwas more than 95%; annual rate of BCG vaccination was 97.34%; annual rate of first vaccination of HepB was 89.04% per year. DPT and MV, JEV strengthen immunization coverage rate,HepA, and MPV coverage rates were increasing year by year; the annual coverage rates for DPT and MV, JEV strengthen immunization were more than90%; the annual coverage rates of HepA and MPV were below 90%. Conclusion The immunization rates of school-age children in Qingcheng district in general were high, however it still has to strengthen the immunization of MV, JEV and the booster of DPT and MV.
Pre-Nazi Praxis: Imperial-Colonial Models

This chapter looks at earlier imperial-colonial projects which served as inspirational examples and models for the top Nazi leadership, especially German Fuhrer Adolf Hitler and SS Chief Heinrich Himmler. In this chapter, I sketch the history and memory of four expansionist episodes which preceded and influenced Nazi-driven eastern German expansion during World War II: the Teutonic Knights (and the related Frederician project); American continental expansion in ‘the West’; German Colonial Africa (that is, German South-West Africa and German East Africa), and the World War I-era ‘German East’ (that is, the wartime Ober Ost military state and the post-war Freikorps Baltic adventure). Like Nazi racial imperialism, each of these episodes was based on conquest of new ‘living space’, ‘depopulation’ of the indigenous inhabitants, and ‘repopulation’ by settler colonists.
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT BUDGET FOR CHESAPEAKE BAY

ABSTRACT The Susquehanna is the only river that discharges directly into the main body of the Chesapeake Bay. All the other rivers flow into tributary estuaries and most of their sediment loads are entrapped within these estuaries. During periods of high riverflow the Susquehanna dominates the upper 20-30 km of the Bay; the net flow and sediment transport are seaward at all depths, and there is a marked downstream decrease in suspended sediment. With subsiding riverflow, a turbidity maximum is formed in the upper reaches of the Bay. In the middle and lower reaches of the Bay, shore erosion is not only a major source of inorganic sediment it may be the largest single source. The distributions of suspended sediment along the axis of the entire Bay are presented for a twelve month period in 1969-1970. These data, and others, were used to formulate a single-segment model of the main body of the Bay that indicates that there is a net movement of sediment into the Bay from the ocean, and that the tributary estuaries are sinks for suspended sediment in the Bay.
Transgender in a Global Frame

This article discusses the subtle discursive shifts which have simultaneously made transgenderism in the USA and Europe into a mark of the historically specific definitional cleaving of homosexuality from gender variance, a trendy and stylistic shift from gender androgyny within lesbian communities to gender variance within gender-queer communities, a sign of an internal split within feminism between the stabilization of the category of woman and the undermining of the coherence of the category within queer theory. At the same time, this article demonstrates how transgenderism has been installed within a ‘global gay’ system as part of the hegemony of US taxonomies—the addition of ‘T’ to the acronym ‘LGBT’ allows for the neat division and explanation of a very wide range of translocal phenomena in terms of the US model. So, how are we to understand and explain the impact of transgenderism upon not only traditional gendering but also upon queer communities and even on the ebb and flow of sexual and gender definition globally?
The Role of Spirituality in Treatment Outcomes Following a Residential 12-Step Program

ABSTRACTAlcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-Step treatment programs emphasize the positive effects of spirituality on abstinence from alcohol; however, the associations among positive treatment outcomes, spirituality, and other psychological constructs have received limited empirical attention. The present study attempts to better define the nature of spirituality, while also examining its role alongside relevant psychological constructs in treatment outcomes for patients who attend a residential 12-Step program. Data collected at treatment entry, treatment discharge, and 1-, 6-, and 12-months postdischarge supported the conclusion that spirituality is a dynamic construct that is distinct from, but related to, traditional religiousness, and is significantly associated with a participant’s affect and meaning in life. Participants demonstrated a significant increase in spirituality upon completion of a residential 12-Step treatment program. Although there was no support for a direct association between s...
Metamaterial piezoelectric beam with synthetic impedance shunts

We present a metamaterial beam based on a piezoelectric bimorph with segmented electrodes. Previously, we found the theoretical response of the beam using the assumed-modes method, and derived the effect of the shunt circuit impedance applied to each pair of electrodes. The structural response is governed by a frequency- dependent stiffness term, which depends on a material/geometry-based electromechanical coupling parameter and the impedance of the shunt circuits. A simple way to interpret the response of the system with frequency- dependent stiffness is the root locus method, which immediately yields the poles of each mode of the system using simple geometric rules. Case studies are shown for creating locally resonant bandgap with or without negative capacitance. To justify the use of these admittances that often require power input to the system, the concept of synthetic impedance is extended to symmetric voltages, as are encountered in series-connected piezoelectric bimorphs. Synthetic impedance or admittance is a method for obtaining an arbitrary impedance across a load by measuring the voltage and applying the corresponding current using digital signal processing and an analog circuit. Time domain simulations using these synthetic impedance circuits are compared to the ideal frequency domain results with good agreement. Surprisingly, the necessary digital sampling rate for stability is significantly higher than the Nyquist frequency.
An Overview of Control Theory Applicable to Process Industries

Abstract In this paper we present an overview of some recent trends and results in selected topics in control theory which are deemed to have most relevance to the control of processes which are commonly used in the petroleum, petrochemical, and desalination industries. Judicious approximations and simplifications are commonplace, so that the resulting mathematical models for the processes necessarily involve idealizations leading to discrepancies between the real systems and the models. These processes are usually distributed in nature so that partial differential equations are more appropriate than ordinary differential equations to describe them. Finally, the computation of controls are usually computer-aided by necessity. We give an overview of recent results on the synthesis of robust controllers for linear time-invariant plants.Next we given an overview of several methods for the control of distributed parameter systems. Finally we briefly describe some trends in computer-aided design and engineering relevant to process control.
Impact of Infant-Polysomnography Studies on Discharge Management and Outcomes: A 5 Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Unit

Objective: To evaluate the impact of infant-polysomnography studies performed in the NICU on management and outcomes. Study design: Retrospective study to collect demographics and data on infant-polysomnography studies between Jan 2010 to Dec 2014. Results: 110 premature neonates had polysomnography study performed at 36.9 ± 2.5 weeks post menstrual age. Almost all the studies were read as abnormal and 95% of the studied infants were discharged home on a cardiorespiratory monitor. 20% of the subjects had apnea >20 s, 18% had apnea of 15-20 s and 50% of infants had apnea of 10-15 s. 24.5% infants were discharged home on caffeine, 28% on metoclopramide and 24% on antacids. There were 11 readmissions for apparent life threatening events with no deaths until 6 month-corrected age. There was no association between polysomnography results and readmission. There was a decline in polysomnography studies performed each year. Conclusion: Cardiorespiratory monitoring, medications and polysomnography studies do not predict outcomes.
HIV testing in the dental setting: perspectives and practices of experienced dental professionals.

The dental setting is a largely untapped venue to identify patients with undiagnosed HIV infection. Yet, uptake of rapid HIV testing within the dental community remains low. This study sought to be...
Life stage and species identity affect whether habitat subsidies enhance or simply redistribute consumer biomass

Summary 1.Quantifying the response of mobile consumers to changes in habitat availability is essential for determining the degree to which population-level productivity is habitat limited rather than regulated by other, potentially density-independent factors. 2.Over landscape scales, this can be explored by monitoring changes in density and foraging as habitat availability varies. As habitat availability increases, densities may: (1) decrease (unit-area production decreases; weak habitat limitation); (2) remain stable (unit-area production remains stable; habitat limitation); or (3) increase (unit-area production increases; strong habitat limitation). 3.We tested the response of mobile estuarine consumers over five months to changes in habitat availability in situ by comparing densities and feeding rates on artificial reefs that were or were not adjacent to neighboring artificial reefs or nearby natural reefs). 4.Using either constructed or natural reefs to manipulate habitat availability, we documented three-fold density decreases among juvenile stone crabs as habitat increased (i.e. weak habitat imitation). However, for adult stone crabs, density remained stable across treatments, demonstrating that habitat limitation presents a bottleneck in this species’ later life history. Oyster toadfish densities also did not change with increasing habitat availability (i.e. habitat limitation), but densities of other cryptic fishes decreased as habitat availability increased (i.e. weak limitation). Feeding and abundance data suggested that some mobile fishes experience habitat limitation, or, potentially in one case, strong limitation across our habitat manipulations. 5.These findings of significant, community-level habitat limitation provide insight into how global declines in structurally complex estuarine habitats may have reduced the fishery production of coastal ecosystems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Reimagining Halfway Technologies With Behavioral Science

Investment in discovering transformative health care interventions favors future generations that might realize its large but distant benefits, but it shortchanges current generations who could imm...
Coherent hemodynamic oscillations induced in the human brain by paced breathing and cyclic thigh-cuffs inflation

We compare cerebral hemodynamic oscillations in the brain induced by two protocols. Pneumatic thigh-cuffs can produce similar results to paced breathing, and are more practical for coherent hemodynamics spectroscopy in a clinical population.
Diacetyl-bis-(2-pyridyl)hydrazone as an extracting agent for Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II)

DbPH, a quadridentate chelating agent, was studied as a solvent extraction reagent for Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). In all cases 1∶1 complexes were extracted; however for Cu(II) and Co(II) ion-paired species exist, while for Ni(II) only neutral complexes were extracted. In all cases an extraction efficiency of 35–60% was observed unlike the greater than 90% observed for similar mono-hydrazone derivatives. The steric hindrance probably present in the bis adduct prevented a more efficient extraction.
DESCTOP: NEW SOFTWARE FOR INTERACTIVE SIMULATION AND REAL-TIME OPERATIONS

ABSTRACT Designed for new scientific/engineering workstations in the MicroVAX or HP 9000 class, the new DESCTOP (Direct Executing Scientific Operations Package) system will execute dynamic-system simulations including multi-run simulation studies at FORTRAN speeds on a typed RUN command, without any noticeable compilation delay. Like its predecessors MICRODARE and DESIRE, DESCTOP combines a powerful interpreter for the job-control program defining an experiment with a small, extra-fast compiler for the time-critical differential equations. The same technique also serves for programming real-time experiments, including data acquisition, signal processing, and direct digital control. Multiple experiment controllers can communicate with DESCTOP statements transmitted over serial links. In addition to simulation applications, the interpreted DESCTOP job-control language will serve for very convenient general-purpose scientific computations. DESCTOP admits true screen editing as well as line editing. A new interpreter, written in PASCAL for portability, directly evaluates complex-number and matrix expressions, handles IF/ELSE, WHILE, and REPEAT constructs, and the language can be user-extended with procedures admitting local variables.
STUDIES ON THE ELECTRON TRANSFER SYSTEM. LVII. THE NEAR INFRARED ABSORPTION BAND OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE.

A broad spectral absorbance band in the near infrared region of cytochrome oxidase* (cf. Fig. 1) was first reported by Griffiths and Wharton (2). They observed that this band near 830 rnp disappeared on complete reduction of the enzyme by substrate and reappeared on reoxidation. The rate of these changes was roughly equivalent to the rate of the changes observed in the a-peak at 605 rnp. In addition, they found that in the presence of cyanide the chromophore could be reduced but could not be reosidized. Recent,ly, Gibson and Greenwood2 observed, through the use of rapid reaction techniques, that the kinetics of the changes in the absorbance of cytochrome oxidase in the near infrared region and in the or-band were essentially identical, These data support the hypothesis that the chromophore absorbing near 830 rnp is an integral component of cytochrome oxidase, but they do not identify the chromophore. The accumulat’ing evidence that many copper-containing prot,eins exhibit absorption bands in the near infrared region (3-6), together with the demonstration that purified preparations of cytochrome oxidase contain copper (2, 7-12), directed our attention toward the possibliity that this metal may be a constituent of the chromophore in question. In this communication, experiments are described that establish a precise correlation among the intensity of the near infrared band, the copper content, and specific activity. This correlation persists as the values of these entities are decreased or obliterated by a variety of treatments and are partially restored by others.