cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of the Ampère and Lorentz force laws with the virtual-work concept

Whenever the reaction forces between parts of an electric circuit have to be calculated, as in the design of railguns, a choice has to be made between three available formulae which have evolved during the past 160 years. The first was Ampere’s force law for the mechanical interaction between two current elements. Neumann then derived the virtual-work formula from what may be called the Ampere-Neumann electrodynamics. The last to be introduced was the Lorentz force law. This paper investigates whether both the Amperian and the Lorentzian forces are compatible with the virtual-work concept. The conclusion is that only Ampere’s formula agrees in all cases with the virtual-work idea, but in special circumstances the Lorentz law will give the same result. After demonstrating how Ampere’s law can be derived from the virtual-work formula, it is shown that for two closed circuits the relativistic component of the Lorentz force vanishes under the double integral around the two circuits. The remaining nonvanishing term is also present in the Ampere electrodynamics. This is not the case when considering the reaction forces between two parts of an isolated circuit. The Lorentz force is then, in general, not compatible with the virtual-work concept unless the circuit possesses a high degree of symmetry.
A Persistent Interest in Viruses.

How is it that individuals choose a career in science? For me, it was exposure to science as a child. My father was an organic chemist and later a carbohydrate biochemist. When I was a young boy, he would bring me to his lab at Michigan State University (MSU), where he would set me up with some small project that mostly involved playing with various pieces of glassware and mixing a few solutions together. After graduating from MSU, I joined the graduate program in Biochemistry at Northwestern University, where I had the good fortune to study with Emanuel Margoliash. My good fortune had less to do with the scientific problem being studied and more to do with the infectious enthusiasm for basic discovery that Margoliash brought to the lab every day. The enthusiastic (but hard-nosed) quest for understanding “how things work” that Margoliash instilled in me has served me well throughout my career.
Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster Based Therapy For Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Pediatric-based therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has been proposed as superior treatment for teen-agers and young adults with ALL. Several trials report improved survival rates in young adult ALL patients (pts) when treated with pediatric-based regimens. Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (ABFM) treatment is effective treatment for ALL in adolescents up to age 21. In an attempt to improve cure rates in AYA pts with ALL, we administered ABFM therapy to pts age 12 to 40 in a prospective, single institution trial. Results were then retrospectively compared to the HYPER CVAD regimen, the historical adult ALL regimen used at our institution. 85 pts with de novo Philadelphia chromosome negative ALL have completed at least 6 months of therapy. There are 69 (81%) pts with pre-B ALL and 16 (18%) pts with T-cell ALL/lymphoma. The age range is 13-39 with a median of 21. The median WBC at diagnosis is WBC=14 thousand/microliter (range 0.4-494). 80/85 (94%) pts entered remission ( or </= 21 years, for presenting WBC over 50 thousand, and for MRD at the end of induction. In our hands, pediatric based therapy has significant though tolerable toxicity. Outcomes in AYA pts are similar but not superior to results obtained with historical ALL therapy. ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Self-Aligned Passivated Copper Interconnects: A Novel Technique for Making Interconnections in Ultra Large Scale Integration Device Applications

We have developed a technique to grow self-aligned epitaxial Cu/MgO films on Si (100) using Pulsed Laser Deposition Method. In this method we deposit a uniform film of Cu/Mg (5-7%) alloy over Si (100) at room temperature using TiN as an intermediate buffer layer. As a result of HRTEM (with spatial resolution of 0.18 nm) and STEM-Z investigations we observed that when this film is annealed at 500°C (in a controlled oxygen environment), in less than 30 minutes time, all the Mg segregates at the top and at the bottom surface of Cu. This is understood to be the consequence of lower surface energy of Mg. At 500°C Mg is quite sensitive to oxygen and thin layer of MgO is immediately formed at the top surface, we also observed a thin layer of MgO at the Cu/TiN interface. Thickness of the upper MgO layer was found to be 15 nm while that of lower layer was 10 nm. MgO underneath layer acts as a diffusion barrier and inhibits the diffusion of Cu in the system. Upper MgO layer acts as a passivating layer and improves the quality of copper against oxidation. Electrical resistivity measurements (in the temperature range 12-300 K) showed MgO/Cu/MgO/TiN/Si (100) sample to be highly conducting. We also observed that the resistivity of the system is insensitive to ambient oxygen environment. Selfaligned MgO (100) layer also provides a means to grow several interesting materials over it. This technique can be used to integrate high temperature superconductors like YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 with silicon chip.
Chronic active hepatitis. Who meets treatment criteria

In order to ascertain the proportion of patients with biopsy-proven chronic active hepatitis who meet currently accepted criteria for immunosuppressive treatment, an analysis of 86 patients seen between 1973 and 1978 carrying this diagnosis was undertaken. Only 66 could be confirmed to have this lesion on blind histologic review. Nine of these 66 were on concomitant immunosuppressive therapy, four had inadequate documentation of chronicity, five consumed more than two ounces of alcohol daily, five had concurrent malignancy, two were prepubertal, and one had oxyphenisatin-induced disease. None of the remaining 40 patients met the biochemical criteria for disease activity. The disease was predominantly seen in asymptomatic middle-aged males and was of viral etiology. A small subgroup of elderly female patients was also identified whose disease was apparently nonviral. In conclusion, the vast majority of chronic active hepatitis seen at a large university center occurs in individuals for whom treatment guidelines have not been established.
Reducing Subjectivity When Attempting Auditory Scene Recreation in Accident Reconstruction

It is well-established that acoustic, psychoacoustic, and cognitive parameters can affect sound perception and response. Over the last several decades, there has been an increase in the amount of research on auditory stimuli and their effect on human perception and response. Objective techniques to evaluate acoustic signals have become an essential part of several industries and their application in accident reconstruction can also prove beneficial. Specifically, objective techniques that employ the appropriate technology to record and play back accurate representations of an auditory scene would allow for researchers and triers of fact to experience the auditory stimuli that could otherwise only be quantified or described through technical measurements. These efforts will significantly improve evidentiary value, analyses, and conclusions. The purpose of this paper is to present a case for the use of this technology within the accident reconstruction field in order to accurately represent a receiver's per...
Single-incision technique vs. conventional method of central venous access in a pediatric population

cavoatrial junction, was 100%. There was follow-up until port removal or death in 94% (34/36) of patients. Two patients, one patient with two simultaneous ports, were lost to follow-up. There were no immediate or delayed complications. Median port dwell time from initial insertion to shortening was 131 days (range 3-1325). Median total port dwell was 574 days (range 55-3201). Median length of shortening was 3 cm (range 1-7 cm). Indication for repositioning was symptomatic arrhythmia in 8 ports and imaging findings of malposition in 30. Tip location prior to repositioning was atrial in 26 ports, ventricular in 11, and IVC in 1. One port required a second shortening procedure at a later date for recurrent atrial tip position. Ports were used until death from primary disease (22/ 37, 59%), removed due to completion of therapy (7/37, 19%), lost to follow-up (3/37, 8%), or are currently in use (5/37, 14%). Conclusions: Percutaneous revision is an effective method for shortening too-long port catheters, allowing uninterrupted use of the port. Long term outcomes of this approach are excellent.
A qualitative exploration of health perceptions and behaviors among adult survivors of childhood cancers

Abstract Background. Adult survivors of childhood cancer are a growing population. The objective of this study was to draw upon qualitative methods to learn more about survivors’ perceived health risks and health behaviors. Methods. Three focus groups and nine individual interviews were conducted. Results. Participants’ responses varied in meaning of survivor status, relatedness to other survivors, and health risk comparisons to non‐survivors. Survivors expressed uncertainty about control over their health. Conclusions. The identity, health perceptions, and behaviors of adult survivors of childhood cancer are complex. Health promotion programs for survivors should be tailored to individual health risk status and should include a physician‐delivered component.
A Content Analysis of Teen Parenthood in “Teen Mom” Reality Programming

A content analysis of the MTV shows 16 and Pregnant (n = 59), Teen Mom (n = 20), and Teen Mom 2 (n = 20) was conducted to determine whether these programs accurately portray teen pregnancy. The results revealed that teen mothers on 16 and Pregnant were younger, more often White, and had more healthy babies as compared to national averages. The babies' fathers were more involved in the daily care of their child as compared to reality. Medical insurance or receipt of government assistance was almost never discussed. Teen mothers in the Teen Mom shows were significantly more likely to achieve a high school diploma as compared to reality. Finally, mothers on Teen Mom and Teen Mom 2 were significantly less likely to voice concern about finances and had more active social lives than mothers on 16 and Pregnant. Using social learning theory as a theoretical framework, we argue that these shows provide mixed messages to young audiences about teen pregnancy and parenthood.
Distinguisher for Shabal's Permutation Function.

In this note we consider the Shabal permutation function P as a block cipher with input Ap,Bp and key C,M and describe a distinguisher with a data complexity of 2 random inputs with a given difference. If the attacker can control one chosen bit of Bp, only 2 21 inputs with a given difference are required on average. This distinguisher does not appear to lead directly to an attack on the full Shabal construction.
Technology assessment in laboratory medicine: rationalizing or rationing?

To determine the clinical role, if any, of a new technology in laboratory medicine, as assessment should be undertaken to validate the reliability and clinical usefulness of the technology and its cost effectiveness, and to compare it with alternative strategies. A framework for the evaluation of new technologies is presented.
Max-Margin Action Prediction Machine

The speed with which intelligent systems can react to an action depends on how soon it can be recognized. The ability to recognize ongoing actions is critical in many applications, for example, spotting criminal activity. It is challenging, since decisions have to be made based on partial videos of temporally incomplete action executions. In this paper, we propose a novel discriminative multi-scale kernelized model for predicting the action class from a partially observed video. The proposed model captures temporal dynamics of human actions by explicitly considering all the history of observed features as well as features in smaller temporal segments. A compositional kernel is proposed to hierarchically capture the relationships between partial observations as well as the temporal segments, respectively. We develop a new learning formulation, which elegantly captures the temporal evolution over time, and enforces the label consistency between segments and corresponding partial videos. We prove that the proposed learning formulation minimizes the upper bound of the empirical risk. Experimental results on four public datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art action prediction methods.
Design and Production of Video for Instructional Multimedia: Psychological Implications and Proposed Guidelines

AbstractThis paper explores the psychological theories of cognitive information processing and their implications for the design and production of video for instructional multimedia programs. A brief history of interactive video traces its lineage from its component technologies to today’s technologies. Research based on interactive video’s component technologies, television and computer-assisted instruction, are discussed and guidelines are proposed. The functions and limitations of learners ' psychological processes provide a base for production principles that support learning. Factors specific tofs also have a critical impact on the effectiveness of a program and guidelines for their manipulation are given.
Location-aware wireless emergency alerts

The Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) service allows short text messages to be broadcast to all capable mobile devices in a specified geographic area. Although it enjoys nationwide reach, the current WEA service has limitations that impede its public acceptance. These limitations include imprecise geographical targeting of alerts, which reduces the alerts' relevance to many recipients, increasing the likelihood of these recipients to opt out of receiving alerts or stop paying attention. The growing capabilities of smart phones, such as improved location awareness and increased computing power, provide opportunities to alleviate the limitations by personalizing targeted alerts and allowing optimized alert delivery decisions. Motivated by these opportunities, we designed and developed a prototypical, enhanced end-to-end WEA service that includes an alert creation subsystem, a message delivery subsystem, and a smart phone application for capturing, processing, and presenting simulated alerts to recipients. We conducted two public trials with over 225 subjects to evaluate several WEA enhancements using this service. The evaluated enhancements included (1) augmenting WEA messages with highinformation maps, (2) precise geographical targeting of alerts, and (3) use of the recipient's location history to influence the alert delivery decision. Our results suggest significant added value for all three enhancements, making them worthy of consideration for future WEA implementations.
Adolescents with Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated on Adult and Pediatric Protocols Have Distinct Therapeutic Outcome.

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a B cell malignancy, highly curable in the modern era (1989–2004). It is the most common cancer in the 15–19 age range. In the United States, adolescents with de novo HL may be treated on either pediatric or adult protocols. To identify outcomes of adolescents with HL, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and statistical analysis of all treatment trials (N > 50 pts) published in the past 15 years. Trials were selected for their relevance to treatment and disease outcome in adolescents with the following search criteria: Hodgkins disease, therapy, treatment, adolescents (13–18 years), and adults (19–44 years). The search retrieved 120 randomized control trials and 57 Phase II trials. 117 trials were eliminated due to inappropriate histology, non-clinical endpoints, topic reviews or otherwise not meeting established criteria. 79 studies were eligible for analysis. 15 pediatric treatment protocols (13 multi-center, 7 randomized) met established criteria. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=958/2675; 36%). Only 3 of these studies evaluated adolescent outcome; one trial demonstrated an inferior event-free survival for the adolescent subgroup vs. all children (72.0% vs. 89.0%; p-value 0.006, Chi Square Test). 57 adult treatment studies (39 multi-center, 44 randomized) were reviewed. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=422/2522; 17%). Only one provided information on adolescent outcome, which experienced a superior overall survival compared with the entire population (86.0% vs. 73.1%; p-value 0.030, Chi Square Test). None of the trials with both pediatric and adult subjects (7 multi-center, 4 randomized) provided information on the adolescent subgroup. In comparing pediatric and adult trials, we found remarkable differences in therapeutic approaches (all pediatric studies included XRT as a treatment component compared to 58% of adult studies) and in trial design (77% of adult studies were randomized compared to 47% of pediatric studies; p-value 0.0234, Fishers Exact Test). The adolescent population with HL is significantly understudied despite reasonable clinical trial participation and relatively high prevalence. In fact, only 4 published trials provided outcome information on adolescents with HL; in 2, outcome was statistically different from the rest of the study population, suggesting this subgroup may benefit from a specialized treatment approach. It is critical for future treatment trials to analyze results of the adolescent population to determine whether unique biological features, therapeutic practices, or host factors contribute to prognosis and outcome.
Complete proximal hamstring avulsions: is there a role for conservative management? A systematic review of acute repairs and non-operative management

Importance Presently, acute surgical repair (within 4–6 weeks) of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion is the recommended treatment. No systematic review to date has evaluated patient satisfaction and return to sport after acute repair of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion injury. Objective To systematically review the current evidence regarding management of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion injuries in relation to patient satisfaction and return to sport. Evidence review PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched systematically for relevant studies through October 2015. Two authors independently screened the results and identified studies meeting inclusion criteria. Included studies were reviewed for patient satisfaction and return to sport outcomes, and their results are reported. Findings A total of 22 studies (262 participants) were identified in this review. Only 4 studies, totalling 24 patients, reported on non-operative management, while 18 studies, totalling 238 patients, reported on operative management of complete, proximal hamstring avulsions. No identified study specifically measured patient satisfaction and return to sport in a prospective or case–controlled manner. Most studies were case reports with low level of evidence. Patient satisfaction after acute repair of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion ranged from 80% to 93% and return to sport was 94.5%. Non-operative management resulted in lower patient satisfaction (16.7%) and return to sport (54.2%). Conclusions and relevance Acute surgical repair (within 4–6 weeks) of complete, proximal hamstring avulsion injuries results in high patient satisfaction and high level of return to preinjury sporting level, when compared to non-operative treatment. No conclusions regarding surgical repair of incomplete hamstring avulsion injuries or type of repair could be drawn from this review. More prospective data would be of value, as acute repair of complete, proximal hamstring avulsions appears to result in better outcomes than non-operative management, but any conclusion regarding comparison is limited due to the dearth of non-operative management studies and the high risk of bias. Level of evidence Level IV.
Promoting Translational Research Among Movement Science, Occupational Science, and Occupational Therapy

Integration of research in the fields of neural control of movement and biomechanics (collectively referred to as movement science) with the field of human occupation directly benefits both areas of study. Specifically, incorporating many of the quantitative scientific methods and analyses employed in movement science can help accelerate the development of rehabilitation-relevant research in occupational therapy (OT) and occupational science (OS). Reciprocally, OT and OS, which focus on the performance of everyday activities (occupations) to promote health and well-being, provide theoretical frameworks to guide research on the performance of actions in the context of social, psychological, and environmental factors. Given both fields' mutual interest in the study of movement as it relates to health and disease, the authors posit that combining OS and OT theories and principles with the theories and methods in movement science may lead to new, impactful, and clinically relevant knowledge. The first step is to ensure that individuals with OS or OT backgrounds are academically prepared to pursue advanced study in movement science. In this article, the authors propose 2 strategies to address this need.
Swollen Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke in the Elderly

Large territorial infarctions of the brain involving virtually an entire hemisphere may swell, cause tissue shift, and become symptomatic. When associated with clinical signs of brain tissue shift, the affix “malignant” has been used but neither all swelling is “malignant” nor clinically recognizable. This term was coined to describe the rapidity and relentlessness of neurological deterioration which occurs as a consequence of space-occupying cerebral edema in the context of large MCA ischemic infarctions [1–3] although the syndrome had long been described [4, 5]. Deterioration may occur within the first 24 h or may be more protracted over several days following the initial ischemic insult. The incidence is approximately 10–20 per 100,000 person-years often affecting patients that are approximately a full decade younger (56 ± 9.4 years) than the average age of patients presenting with ischemic strokes in general [1].
Stratigraphic and Structural Features of the Surma Basin and the Upliftment of the Madhupur Tract of Northeastern Bengal Basin

The structural features developed under the influence of regional tectonics that in turn controls the seismo-stratigraphy in the northeastern part of Bangladesh have been illustrated in this paper. Almost all prominent seismo-stratigraphic horizons represented by continuous, high amplitude reflections that extend over a fairly large distance were identified, traced, and mapped. Interpreted sections reveal the structures and arrangement of the Tertiary-Quaternary succession in the Bengal Basin area while the areal extent maps of the youngest eight prominent seismo-stratigraphic horizons revealed a fair picture on the relative distribution of the near-surface stratigraphic horizons developed under the influence of associated tectonics in the northeastern part of Bengal Basin. Two interpreted composite seismic sections across the Barind Tract and the Madhupur Tract reveal that, they belong to different seismo-stratigraphic horizons where the Barind Tract seems to correlate with the older seismic horizons than the Madhupur Tract. Structurally the exposure of the Madhupur Tract coincides with the crestal part of a low amplitude, broad anticlinal fold with it's NW-SE trending axis stretching along Sariakandi in Bogra District to Bhuapur in Tangail District and further southeast towards Lalmai. A similar pattern is observable on the LANDSAT imagery of Bangladesh. This broad anticlinal feature separates spatial distribution of some of the Pleistocene and younger sedimentary horizons of the Surma Basin from that of the Faridpur Trough as well as south of the Barind Tract. The composite areal extent map mostly comprising seven youngest seismo-stratigraphic horizons of the Quaternary sequence in the Surma Basin is representative of their inter-relationship. The areal extent of these horizons gradually decrease with time and dip towards their common depocenter near Tangua-Raular Bils (Marsh) north of Madhyanagar Thana in Sunamganj District. The Tangua-Raular Bils (Marsh) coincides with the axis of a broad synclinal fold between the Madhupur Tract and the Chhatak anticline where the Pleistocene formation has undergone a continuous subsidence of about 2 km during post-Pleistocene time. These sediments were probably deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment. The Quaternary sediments have excellent developments in this area and therefore can be considered as type locality for the Quaternary deposits in the Bengal Delta. On the other hand the Quaternary sediments on the west and southwest of the Madhupur Tract and that south of the Barind Tract were deposited in a rather active deltaic environment and were severely affected by river erosion. These sediments most probably have been brought in by the river Ganges and its tributaries and distributaries and the delta prograded rapidly towards the Bay of Bengal to the south.
Identification of Streptococcus cristatus peptides that repress expression of virulence genes in Porphyromonas gingivalis

Dental plaque is a complex multispecies biofilm, and is a direct precursor of periodontal disease. The virulence of periodontal pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, is expressed in the context of this polymicrobial community. Previously, we reported an antagonistic relationship between Streptococcus cristatus and P. gingivalis, and identified arginine deiminase (ArcA) of S. cristatus as the signaling molecule to which P. gingivalis responds by repressing the expression and production of FimA protein. Here we demonstrate that direct interaction between P. gingivalis and S. cristatus is necessary for the cell-cell communication. Two surface proteins of P. gingivalis, PGN_0294 and PGN_0806, were found to interact with S. cristatus ArcA. Using a peptide array analysis, we identified several P. gingivalis-binding sites of ArcA, which led to the discovery of an 11-mer peptide with the native sequence of ArcA that repressed expression of fimbriae and of gingipains. These data indicate that a functional motif of ArcA is sufficient to selectively alter virulence gene expression in P. gingivalis, and PGN_0294 and PGN_0806 may serve as receptors for ArcA. Our findings provide a molecular basis for future rational design of agents that interfere with the initiation and formation of a P. gingivalis-induced pathogenic community.
Blood-Brain Barrier Protection as a Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) containing tight junctional (TJ) proteins and different ion and nutrient transporters which maintain normal brain physiology. BBB disruption is a major pathological hallmark in the course of ischemic stroke which is regulated by the actions of different factors working at different stages of cerebral ischemia including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory modulators, vesicular trafficking, oxidative pathways, and junctional-cytoskeletal interactions. These components interact further to disrupt maintenance of both the paracellular and transport barriers of the central nervous system (CNS) to worsen ischemic brain injury and the propensity for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) associated with injury and/or thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We propose that these complex molecular pathways should be evaluated further so that they could be targeted alone or in combination to protect the BBB during cerebral ischemia. These types of novel interventions should be guided by advanced imaging techniques for better diagnosis of BBB damage which may exert significant therapeutic benefit including the extension of therapeutic window of tPA. This review will focus on the different stages and mechanisms of BBB damage in acute ischemic stroke and novel therapeutic strategies to target those pathways for better therapeutic outcome in stroke.
I Pledge Allegiance: Mora, P., & Martinez, L. (2014). Knopf Books for Young Readers. ISBN 13: 978-0-307-93181-8.

I Pledge Allegiance tells the story of a girl named Libby, whose 80-year-old Mexican great aunt, Lobo, becomes a citizen of the United States of America. The book starts with Libby revealing to her...
Party and Gender Stereotypes in Campaign Attacks

Research on negative campaigning has largely overlooked the role of stereotypes. In this study, we argue that the gender and partisan stereotypes associated with traits and policy issues interact with a candidate’s gender and partisanship to shape the effectiveness of campaign attacks. We draw on expectancy-violation theory to argue that candidates may be evaluated more harshly when attacks suggest the candidate has violated stereotypic assumptions about their group. Thus, attacks on a candidate’s “home turf,” or those traits or issues traditionally associated with their party or gender, may be more effective in reducing support for the attacked candidate. We use two survey experiments to examine the effects of stereotype-based attacks—a Trait Attack Study and an Issue Attack Study. The results suggest that female candidates are particularly vulnerable to trait based attacks that challenge stereotypically feminine strengths. Both male and female candidates proved vulnerable to attacks on policy issues stereotypically associated with their party and gender, but the negative effects of all forms of stereotype-based attacks were especially large for democratic women. Our results offer new insights into the use of stereotypes in negative campaigning and their consequences for the electoral fortunes of political candidates.
E-018 Post endovascular treatment of acute vertebro-basilar stroke: anticoagulation versus antiplatelet therapy

Background Acute vertebro-basilar stroke (AVBS) often results in significant mortality and morbidity if recanalization is not achieved. Restoration of blood flow can be achieved with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), endovascular therapy, including thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy or stenting or a combination of these therapies. Recent evidence suggests recanalization rates may be higher with endovascular techniques as compared to IVT alone; however, endovascular intervention is not without faults. By introducing an intra-arterial catheter, damage to the endothelial wall may occur resulting in increased risk of secondary thrombus formation. Antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy is often prescribed post-operatively to maintain vessel patency, but their use exposes patients to higher risk of hemorrhagic complications. Because of the rarity of AVBS, there has been limited data available on the management of patients after receiving endovascular intervention. In this study, we performed a systematic review on a decade of relevant English literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of post-operative administration of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy in AVBS patients. Methods A literature review was conducted using Pubmed and Ovid databases to identify papers published from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2015 on topics related to endovascular intervention in patients presenting with AVBS by using “basilar artery occlusion,” “mechanical thrombectomy,” or “basilar artery thrombosis” as keywords. Manual sorting further reduced the list until only relevant papers remained. Data including but not limited to patient demographics, occlusion location, intervention, pre- and post-operation assessment, post-operative medications, and complications were collected. The exclusion criteria limited selection to studies with >5 patients, data on post-intervention treatment, and 3 month follow-up. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale ≤2. (We have requested data from studies with missing information and it will be included in the final analysis.) Results After application of the selection criteria on initial screening [PubMed (n=2121), Ovid (n=3622)], we included 5 studies with 85 patients. Median age was 69%±11. 63% patients were male. Post procedure, 17% patients were on antiplatelet therapy (APT), 19% patients were on anticoagulation therapy (ACT) and 29% patients were on both. 35% patients were on no treatment. Patients on any treatment (APT or ACT or both) fared better than patients on no treatment (p Conclusion Preliminary analysis of this ongoing systematic review did not show any differences in outcome or hemorrhagic complications in patients with AVBS on APT versus ACT post intervention. Either modality of treatment was superior to no treatment with a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications. Disclosures M. Weber: None. N. Khan: None. F. Siddiqui: None. J. Blessman: None. A. Elias: None.
Single Photon Absorption by Single Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Systems

I present a unified theoretical analysis of quantum dynamics of single photon absorption and subsequent excitonic energy transfer in photosynthetic light harvesting complexes with implications for spatio-temporal dynamics of absorption from sunlight.
Hydrogen Chemistry on Diamond Surfaces

Surface chemical reactions of hydrogen with diamond are important events in the complex processes leading to diamond chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Our ongoing research addresses the surface reactions related to diamond growth. Studies were performed on single crystals, C(100) and C(110), and large grained polycrystalline CVD diamond films using a diverse array of ultra-high vacuum surface analytical techniques. Surface vibrational spectroscopies, high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopy (MIRIRS), were principal probes of surface structure, while HREELS and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) were used to investigate hydrogen adsorption, abstraction, and desorption. We found: (1) the C(100), C(110) and polycrystalline diamond surfaces are terminated primarily with CH species; (2) the ratio of H atom abstraction to adsorption is 0.05 ± 0.01; (3) hydrogen desorbs molecularly from C(110) peaking at 892 C and exhibits first order desorption kinetics with an activation energy of 75 kcal/mole; and (4) both clean and hydrogen-saturated C(100) surfaces display a 2x1 surface reconstruction.
P158 Selective antibody reactivity against HLA-DQA1 in transplant candidates is rare

Aim Single antigen bead (SAB) assay is used to test the presence of antibodies against HLA antigens including HLA-DQ. Each SAB DQ bead is comprised of an alpha and a beta chain representative of an HLA-DQ antigen. A positive result represents reactivity to either or both chains. The aim of this report is to evaluate the frequency of HLA-DQ alpha antibodies in transplant candidates known to have Class II antibody. Methods Class II SAB data (One Lambda Inc.) was collected from 2346 transplant candidates at Brigham and Women’s Hospital from 6/9/2012 to 1/15/2014. The reactivity to HLA-DQ alpha was considered positive (MFI >3000) if all the beads containing a specific HLA-DQ alpha were reactive but the beads with corresponding HLA-DQ beta chain were negative. For example, the sera which were considered positive for HLA DQA1*03:02, had positive reaction with two beads containing DQA1*03:02, [DQA1*03:02, DQB1*03:02] and [DQA1*03:02, DQB1*03:03], but negative reaction with five beads positive for either DQB1*03:02 or DQB1*03:03 combined with DQA1 chains other than DQA1*03:02. Results Of the 29 HLA-DQ assay beads, 12 different HLA-DQ alpha chains were combined with different HLA-DQ beta chains. Sixteen (16/2346, 0.69%) sera reacted with beads specific for DQA1*03:02. These sera reacted with the alpha chain in combination with either DQB1*03:02 or DQB1*03:03. A similar pattern could be observed with sera (17/2346, 0.72%) that had specific reactivity to DQA1*02:01. Interestingly, none of the sera appeared to react selectively with DQA1*01:01, DQA1*01:02, DQA1*03:01, or DQA1*05:01. Although reactions with beads coated with DQA1*01:03, DQA1*03:03, DQA1*04:01, DQA1*05:03, DQA1*05:05, or DQA1*06:01 were present, they could not be attributed to DQA1 as the number of reactions or beads were not sufficient to rule out reactivity to DQB1. Out of the 33 patients who showed reactivity to either DQA1*03:02 or DQA1*02:01, only three (9.1%) had reactivity exclusively to the HLA-DQ alpha chain with no reactivity to any other HLA class II antigen. Conclusions The frequency of antibodies which appear to have HLA-DQ alpha specificity in transplant candidates is low (1.4%). Our results imply that a large number of sensitized patients will have to be studied in order to determine the clinical significance of antibodies to DQAlpha.
Mechanism of prebreakdown process in Ni–BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors

The local insulation resistance (IR) degradation in Ni–BaTiO3 multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) was studied, especially in the degradation stage immediately before the electrical breakdown. We named this stage the prebreakdown, which we induced by controlling electric load. We prepared four samples at different stages of prebreakdown. The conduction characteristics of these samples were studied by evaluating the temperature dependence of IR and I–V characteristics. The temperature dependence of IR was evaluated also by reversed voltage loading in highly accelerated life tests (HALTs). The results indicated that the conduction characteristics changed from electrode-limited conduction in fresh MLCCs to bulk-limited conduction in prebreakdown MLCCs. The growth and formation of conductive paths at a local degradation area were also suggested by the data of samples at different stages of prebreakdown. On the basis of these results, we discussed the mechanism that leads to the breakdown of Ni–BaTiO3 MLCCs.
Experimental and comparative modeling study of high temperature and very high pressure methylcyclohexane pyrolysis

Abstract Three sets totaling 118 individual methylcyclohexane shock tube pyrolysis experiments were completed at nominal pressures of 40, 100, and 200 bar to obtain species data and to determine whether the formation of alkylcyclopentanes, which have been found to be sooting and coking precursors in previous studies conducted in the supercritical phase, is possible at high pressures but dilute conditions. Some species profiles, namely ethane, propadiene, propyne, 1-butene, and toluene were affected by the experimental variation in pressure, but no alkylcyclopentanes were observed to form. An additional set comprised of 33 individual experiments was completed at 40 bar to match the concentration of the fuel present in the reflected shock reaction zone present in the 100 bar experiments. The species data obtained from the additional set of 40 bar experiments reproduced the 100 bar data nearly perfectly, emphasizing the dominance of the initial fuel concentration rather than pressure over the product distribution at the experimental conditions present in this study. The experimental data were also compared against simulations with a recently published methylcyclohexane mechanism and a generated mechanism with both mechanisms being able to predict the formation of major product species well. The generated mechanism is able to capture the current data better than the literature mechanism and is recommended for use at conditions similar to those in the present study, but requires larger computational effort and time and only contains pyrolysis reactions.
The Immune Response of Inbred Mouse Strains to DNP-BGG

The immune response of six inbred mouse strains (SJL, A, C57BL/6, CBA, BALB/c, and DBA/1) to DNP56BGG was tested under three separate immunization schedules: 1 Μg DNP-BGG in 1 mg Al(OH)3 adjuvant, 50 Μg DNP-BGG in 1 mg A1(OH)3 adjuvant, and 1 Μg DNP-BGG in complete Freund's adjuvant. Individual serum samples were titered using a modified Farr assay. It was found that the first schedule allowed classification of the mice into responder (SJL, A) and nonresponder (C57BL/6, CBA, BALB/ c, DBA/1) strains. The second schedule produced quantitative as well as qualitative differences among the strains and allowed classification of the mice into higher-responder (SJL, A), intermediate-responder (C57BL/6, CBA, BALB/c), and low-responder (DBA/1) categories. When complete Freund's adjuvant was used in the third schedule, the differences among strains became insignificant. The sera from each strain were pooled and assayed for relative antibody affinity and IgM content. Both of these parameters were dependent largely on the dose of antigen and type of adjuvant used, rather than on the particular mouse strain being studied. The mechanism of adjuvant action, and possible cell interactions in the genetic control of the immune response, are discussed.
EFFECT OF TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPAIR ON HEART FAILURE MANAGEMENT AND PULMONARY ARTERY PRESSURES AS ASSESSED BY CARDIOMEMS

Elevated pulmonary artery (PA) pressures are associated with adverse prognosis across a wide spectrum of cardiac diseases including mitral regurgitation. CardioMEMS is a remote PA pressure monitoring device that allows for daily reproducible hemodynamic measurements. Recent trials have demonstrated
Towards a Vision-Based Concept for Gesture Control of a Robot Providing Visual Feedback

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) plays an important and growing role, both in industrial applications and in game development. Over recent years, robots can be controlled by gestures via special devices, but these methods are not intuitive and require usually a learning phase. This paper proposes an intuitive method for controlling a robot end-effector using human gestures. Vision based techniques were used to track the position of the user's hand, which is directly translated in control signals. The use of a 3D camera sensor allows to easily control the robot tool position in all dimensions. Our approach includes a Graphical User Interface (GUI), to ease the control through interactive, visual feedback. This interface, including 3D markers, text messages and the visualization of the user's point cloud and the robot model, enables a control mechanism which does not require a teaching phase. Our approach was tested and evaluated using realistic experiments to prove that our approach works reliably and is extremely intuitive.
Client side web programming more or less: AJAX or JQUERY

Users expect modern web applications to be interactive, dynamic, and process requests instantaneously just like desktop applications. Demands like this have lead to a rise in client side web programming.
Comparison of estimated norovirus infection risk reductions for a single fomite contact scenario with residual and nonresidual hand sanitizers

Background The purpose of this study was to relate experimentally measured log10 human norovirus reductions for a nonresidual (60% ethanol) and a residual (quaternary ammonium-based) hand sanitizer to infection risk reductions. Methods Human norovirus log10 reductions on hands for both sanitizers were experimentally measured using the ASTM International Standard E1838-10 method, with modification. Scenarios included product application to: (1) inoculated fingerpads with 30- and 60-second contact times, and (2) hands followed by inoculation with human norovirus immediately and 4 hours later. Hand sanitizer efficacies were used in a mathematical model estimating norovirus infection risk from a single hand-to-fomite contact under low and high environmental contamination conditions. Results The largest log10 reductions for the residual and nonresidual hand sanitizers were for a 60-second contact time, reducing infection risk by approximately 99% and 85%, respectively. Four hours after application, the residual hand sanitizer reduced infection risks by 78.5% under high contamination conditions, whereas the nonresidual hand sanitizer offered no reduction. Discussion Log10 virus and infection risk reductions were consistently greater for the residual hand sanitizer under all scenarios. Further data describing residual hand sanitizer efficacy with additional contamination or tactile events are needed. Conclusions Residual antinoroviral hand sanitizers may reduce infection risks for up to 4 hours.
Simultaneous dictionary learning and reconstruction from subsampled data in photoacoustic microscopy

Photoacoustic microscopy acquires volumetric RF data to obtain high resolution, high contrast, images of the microvasculature but is associated with slow acquisition of data due to mechanical raster scanning across the image plane. Recent work has shown that the acquisition speed can be increased using compressive sampling methods and subsequent reconstruction. These methods use bases (dictionaries) learned from prior fully sampled acquisitions, or classical bases such as the Fourier or wavelet bases. In this study, we present the simultaneous learning of bases, and reconstruction using only subsampled data. The algorithm was validated at two different subsampling levels 50% and 75% downsampling, and compared to the ground truth reconstruction with fully sampled data by estimating the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). No significant difference in performance was observed between the fully sampled (20.0±3.0 dB), 50% (19.9±2.1 dB) and 75% (19.1±2.6 dB) subsampled data.
The "connecting vessel" sign: an imaging biomarker to differentiate ruptured infected (mycotic) intracranial aneurysm mimicking the CTA spot sign.

Infected (mycotic) intracranial aneurysms (IIA) are a prevalent source of morbidity in patients with systemic infection. Unlike saccular aneurysms, ruptured IIA frequently presents with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the appearance of ruptured IIA on CTA overlaps with the CTA “Spot Sign” (SS), an imaging finding in non-infectious, spontaneous ICH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging and clinical features which may differentiate these two entities on CTA for which treatment strategies differ substantially. In an IRB-approved, retrospective case series, we compared 14 patients with confirmed IIA and 14 patients with positive SS due to other non-infectious etiology (SS(+) ICH). Clinical history, laboratory studies, and CTA reports and images were reviewed to define imaging characteristics of IIA and SS(+) ICH, including the diagnostic criteria for SS used in clinical trials. A total of 7/14 patients (50.0%) diagnosed with IIA had ICH at presentation. Of these, 3/7 patients (42.9%) with ruptured IIA and ICH met diagnostic imaging criteria of SS. The remaining 4/7 patients did not meet criteria due to presence of a connecting vessel. Compared with SS(+) ICH of non-infectious etiology, patients with ruptured IIA were younger (40.7 vs. 66.4 years) and had higher rates of IVDU and bacteremia (p < 0.01) and lower rates of hypertension (p < 0.01). Hematoma volume was similar in both groups, but lobar location was more frequent in ruptured IIA (p = 0.06). Mortality at 1 year from diagnosis was equally high in both groups (42.9%). This study characterizes ruptured IIA as an imaging mimic of SS and provides a framework for differentiating these lesions, allowing prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.