cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-View Visual Recognition of Imperfect Testing Data

A practical yet under-explored problem often encountered by multimedia researchers is the recognition of imperfect testing data, where multiple sensing channels are deployed but interference or transmission distortion corrupts some of them. Typical cases of imperfect testing data include missing features and feature misalignments. To address these challenges, we choose the latent space model and introduce a new similarity learning canonical-correlation analysis (SLCCA) method to capture the semantic consensus between views. The consensus information is preserved by projection matrices learned with modified canonical-correlation analysis (CCA) optimization terms with new, explicit class-similarity constraints. To make it computationally tractable, we propose to combine a practical relaxation and an alternating scheme to solve the optimization problem. Experiments on four challenging multi-view visual recognition datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Bioactive ceramics: the effect of surface reactivity on bone formation and bone cell function

Surface reactivity is one of the common characteristics of bone bioactive ceramics. It contributes to their bone bonding ability and their enhancing effect on bone tissue formation. During implantation, reactions occur at the material-tissue interface that lead to time-dependent changes in the surface characteristics of the implant material and the tissues at the interface. This review describes some of the current concepts regarding the surface reactivity of bone bioactive materials and its effect on attachment, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of bone cells.
Organization of the lateral hypothalamus for control of adrenocorticotropin release in the cat.

Regions in the ventral midbrain that project to the lateral hypothalamus have been implicated in the control of ACTH release. To define further those areas in the lateral hypothalamus through which afferent signals might pass, we electrically stimulated 188 sites in the lateral hypothalamus of 20 cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane. Stimulations were monophasic pulses of DC (200 μA; 0.2 msec; 100 Hz; 20 sec). Venous samples were drawn over 30 sec 0.5 min before and 1.5 min after stimulation. Equal volumes of warmed isoncotic dextran were infused during sampling to prevent hypovolemia. ACTH was assayed by RIA. Areas were defined in which stimulation led to increased, decreased, or unchanged ACTH. Mean changes in ACTH were tested by analysis of variance. The present data indicate that the ACTH-active areas defined previously in the midbrain may join the medial forebrain bundle in the subthalamic area and nucleus to traverse the lateral hypothalamus. At the level of the mammillary bodies, a facilita o...
Slit Discharge IR Spectroscopy of a Jet-Cooled Cyclopropyl Radical: Structure and Intramolecular Tunneling Dynamics †

High-resolution infrared spectra of a jet-cooled cyclopropyl radical are reported for the first time, specifically sampling the in-phase antisymmetric CH2 stretch (nu7) vibration. In addition to yielding the first precise gas-phase structural information, the spectra reveal quantum level doubling into lower (+) and upper (-) states due to tunneling of the lone alpha-CH with respect to the CCC plane. The bands clearly reveal intensity alternation due to H atom nuclear spin statistics (6:10 and 10:6 for even:odd Ka+Kc in lower (+) and upper (-) tunneling levels, respectively) consistent with C2v symmetry of the cyclopropyl-tunneling transition state. The two ground-state-tunneling levels fit extremely well to a rigid asymmetric rotor Hamiltonian, but there is clear evidence for both local and global state mixing in the vibrationally excited nu7 tunneling levels. In particular, the upper (-) tunneling component of the nu7 state is split by anharmonic coupling with a nearly isoenergetic dark state, which thereby acquires oscillator strength via intensity sharing with this bright state. From thermal Boltzmann analysis of fractional populations, tunneling splittings for a cyclopropyl radical are estimated to be 3.2 +/- 0.3 cm(-1) and 4.9 +/- 0.3 cm(-1) in the ground and nu7-excited states, respectively. This analysis indicates ground-state stereoracemization of the alpha-CH radical center to be a very fast process [k approximately 2.0(4) x 10(11) s(-1)], with the increase in the tunneling rate upon CH2 in-phase asymmetric stretch excitation consistent with ab initio predictions of equilibrium vs transition-state zero-point energies. Modeling of the ground-state-tunneling splittings with high level ab initio 1D potentials indicates an improved V0 = 1115 +/- 35 cm(-1) barrier height for alpha-CH inversion through the cyclopropyl CCC plane.
Dynamic behavior of quadrupolar orientational glasses: KxNa1-xCN mixed crystals.

The ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of TA[100] acoustic waves have been measured as a function of temperature and frequency in ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Na}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$CN mixed single crystals. Relaxation behavior is revealed by comparing our ultrasonic ${\mathit{c}}_{44}$ elastic stiffness data with hypersonic ${\mathit{c}}_{44}$ data obtained from Brillouin scattering. Combining ultrasonic velocity and attenuation data we are able to determine the Kramers-Kronig ratio R in the disordered paraelastic phase and to estimate it in the orientational glass phase. For the regime \ensuremath{\omega}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\ll}1, R is a direct measure of the cooperative quadrupolar clamped relaxation time ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}$, which can be represented by the empirical form ln${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{s}}$=${\mathit{A}}_{\mathit{s}}$-${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{s}}$T in the paraelastic phase. Quadrupolar relaxation processes in the orientational glass state are also discussed.
Aqueous oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE): a kinetic analysis

Abstract An empirical kinetic rate law appropriate for many ground waters (neutral pH, aerobic) has been determined for the aqueous oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE), one of the most volumetrically important chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants. Mass balances were monitored by measuring both the rate of disappearance of TCE and the rate of appearance of CO 2 and Cl − . Dilute buffer solutions were used to fix pH and stoichiometrically sufficient amounts of dissolved O 2 were used to make the reactions pseudo zero-order in O 2 . Using a standard chemical kinetic approach, two orders-of-magnitude in initial TCE concentration were spanned and the resulting double-log plot (log concentration vs. log initial rate) was used to determine the rate constant ( k =5.77±1.06×10 −7 s −1 ) and “true” (i.e., with respect to concentration, not time) reaction order ( n c =0.85±0.03) for the rate law. By determining rate constants over the temperature interval 343–373 K, the Arrhenius activation energy (E a ) for the reaction was determined to be 108.0±4.5 kJ/mol. The rate law and derived kinetic parameters may be used in reactive transport simulators in order to account for aqueous oxidation of TCE as a function of temperature.
Exposure of guinea pigs to intermittent high oxygen tension and its failure to depress erythropoiesis.

SummaryGuinea pigs were intermittently exposed to 80-100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure for 57 days, and to 60-70% oxygen at 2 atmospheres pressure for 20 days. The periods of exposure covered 6 hours a day 6 days a week. There was no significant diminution in the erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin values in any of these animals.
On the improvement of photoelectrochemical performance and finite element analysis of reduced graphene oxide–BiVO4 composite electrodes

Incorporation of thermally reduced graphene oxide (RG-O) into the metal oxide semiconductor BiVO4 improves its photoactivity by about three times for sulfite oxidation. The enhancement of photoactivity is attributed to reduced electron–hole recombination of BiVO4 using the RG-O as a conductive matrix in the composite photocatalyst. Photoelectrochemical behavior of the BiVO4 and RG-O/BiVO4 composite electrodes were simulated using finite element analysis to obtain the carrier mobility and its lifetime in the photoelectrodes. In contrast with sulfite oxidation, the improvement of photocurrent for water oxidation of RG-O/BiVO4 composite electrode was not significant because of the slower kinetics for water oxidation. To address the kinetic limitations, platinum (Pt) as an effective electrocatalyst was photodeposited on the RG-O/BiVO4 electrode. Addition of the Pt significantly improved water oxidation photocurrent of the Pt/RG-O/BiVO4 electrode. RG-O/W–Mo-doped BiVO4 composite electrodes were also prepared to investigate a further enhancement of photoactivity of W–Mo-doped BiVO4. The behavior obtained from RG-O/W–Mo-BiVO4 and RG-O/BiVO4 electrodes provides a valuable insight into the role of RG-O as a conducting additive and the role of W and Mo as dopants into BiVO4.
Inspiratory loading and limb locomotor and respiratory muscle deoxygenation during cycling exercise

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of inspiratory loading on limb locomotor (LM) and respiratory muscle (RM) deoxygenation ([deoxy (Hb+Mb)]) using NIRS during constant-power cycling exercise. Sixteen, male cyclists completed three, 6-min trials. The intensity of the first 3-min of each trial was equivalent to ~80% V(O(2max)) (EX(80%)); during the final 3-min, subjects received an intervention consisting of either moderate inspiratory loading (Load(mod)), heavy inspiratory loading (Load(heavy)), or maximal exercise (Load(EX)). Load(heavy) significantly increased LM [deoxy(Hb+Mb)] from 12.2±9.0 μm during EX(80%) to 15.3±11.7 μm, and RM [deoxy(Hb+Mb)] from 5.9±3.6 μm to 9.5±6.6 μm. LM and RM [deoxy(Hb+Mb)] were significantly increased from EX(80%) to Load(EX); 12.8±9.1 μm to 16.4±10.3 μm and 5.9±2.9 μm to 11.0±6.4 μm, respectively. These data suggest an increase in respiratory muscle load increases muscle deoxy(Hb+Mb) and thus may indicate a reduction in oxygen delivery and/or increased oxygen extraction by the active muscles.
Negative stress echocardiographic study predicts excellent long-term prognosis in patients with erectile dysfunction.

Background: Subjects with erectile dysfunction share common risk factors as those for coronary artery disease. However, there are no data on the role of stress echocardiography in assessing the prognosis of patients with erectile dysfunction. Hypothesis: We sought to determine the prognostic utility of negative stress echocardiography study in subjects with erectile dysfunction and compare it to similar subjects without erectile dysfunction. Methods: Between October 1996 and December 1997, 236 patients had negative stress echocardiograms. There were 28 patients with erectile dysfunction. There was a higher prevalence of diabetes in the erectile dysfunction group (64% vs. 35%, P=0.005). The prevalence of other risk factors was similar in the two groups. Follow-up was obtained for 233 patients for a mean duration of 25 months. Results: At the end of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the annualized occurrence of cardiac events between the two groups (4.6% vs. 4.3%, P=NS). Of note, none of the patients were prescribed sildenafil and none of the cardiac events were related to sexual activity. Conclusions: Our study shows that subjects with erectile dysfunction who have a negative stress echocardiographic study have a comparable event rate to similar subjects at high risk for cardiac events on long-term follow-up.
Climatic variability and deep ocean circulation: Evidence from the North Atlantic

Abstract Rhythmic fluctuations of the faunal composition of deep-sea benthic foraminifers during the past 24,000 years occurred at periodicites of about 2500, 1500, 1000, and 650 years. These faunal fluctuations apparently are recordings of global climate fluctuations which have left similar records in climate sensitive biotic and abiotic indicators. The reddenings of the power spectra occur in a manner very similar to those produced by the models of Hasselmann and Lemke, with slopes of approximately −2 on a log—log plot, which could imply that the observed climatic variance is stochastic in origin. The presence of significant spectral peaks suggests that the propagation of variance from high to low frequencies is held up or accelerated at frequencies characteristics of turnover times of the oceanic deep-water circulation. The most sensitive triggering point to influence the deep thermohaline circulation lies in the northern North Atlantic, where the rate of bottom water formation and its physical and chemical characteristics are easily modulated by local atmospheric and oceanographic conditions. Any change in the deep-water characteristics propagate through the ocean basins with delays determined by the speed and length of deep-water flow. Feedback to the North Atlantic is provided by the direct return flow of some of these water masses as surface currents, and by the influence that changes in the rate and character of upwelling deep waters may have upon shaping surface climate. Variations of the rates and temperatures of North Atlantic downwelling and North Pacific upwelling influences the overall energy balance. The steering effect of North Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies upon the jet stream, as noted by Namias, provides an atmospheric teleconnection from the North Pacific to North America and the North Atlantic, which controls the regional energy distribution and in turn, the modulation of North Atlantic downwelling.
Dualität bei endlichen Modellen der Perkolation

I. Einleitung. II. Beschreibung der Modelle. A. Die Mengen und die Wahrscheinlichkeiten. B. Die Abbildungen. C. Dualitat. D. Beispiele. III. Zusatzliche theoretische Entwicklungen. A. Unregelmasiges Aufhaufen. B. Mengen von Verbindungen. C. Zuruckfuhrung der Beweise auf Mengen von Verbindungen. IV.Dualitat. A. Beweis des Hilfsatzes III.B.1 V. Beweise. A. Erste Abanderungen. B. Weitere Abanderungen. C. Widerspiegelung. D. Beweise der Satze III.B.2 und III.B.3. E. Beweise der Satze III.B.4 und III.B.5. F. Beweis des Satzes III.B.7.
Erectable platform for science and applications payloads circa 1985

A program involving the development of one or more free-flying platforms for earth orbit to provide accommodations and operational services to space science and applications payloads is described. An overview is presented of studies carried out to select a specific platform and utilities module concept, its subsystems, and the means by which services are supplied to dependent science and applications mission equipment. Some examples are given of candidate research and technology programs that support development of the platform system.
Anterograde and retrograde memory impairment in chronic amnesia

Abstract Tests of new learning capacity and remote memory were given to the chronic amnesic patient (N.A.) who sustained a stab wound to the basal brain in 1960. N.A.'s persisting defect in new learning was demonstrated with several tests, including a distractor test of short-term memory. These results are discussed in the light of previous findings in amnesic patients with distractor tests. N.A.'s remote memory was markedly impaired for the period since 1960, but normal for the period prior to 1960. This discontinuity between premorbid and postmorbid memory, also reported for the well-known amnesic H.M., favors the view that amnesia represents a defect in the formation of enduring memory rather than a general defect in retrieval.
COMPARING FORECAST ACCURACY FOR EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING MODELS OF EARNINGS-PER-SHARE DATA FOR FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING

This paper relates recent research in predicting accounting earnings per share (EPS) to an experiment comparing the performance of extrapolative forecasting models. The paper points out the usefulness of the results to decision-making processes such as those used in portfolio analysis or financial management. The statistical results of the experiment point to the usefulness of the Holt-Winter (HW) model in predicting EPS for a random sample of firms over a 20-year horizon. For short-term forecasting, the HW model provides relatively accurate forecasts in comparison to other methods used. HW is likely to be a costeffective alternative to more time-consuming and expensive techniques.
Simulation of the effects of capture rates and the band mobility on transient currents in a-Si:H pin devices

Abstract Transient current measurements in a -Si:H pin diodes show a distinctive final increase in the current as it approaches its final value. The presence or absence of this increase, and also other aspects of the shape of the final part of the transient, are strongly dependent on the values of the band mobilities and of the capture coefficients. We discuss the results of simulations of these experiments and the ranges of values for the transport and trapping parameters which are consistent with the shape of the experimentally observed transients.
Basset Hound Hereditary Thrombopathy: An inherited disorder with defective platelet aggregation despite normal fibrinogen binding and receptor mobility

Basset Hound Hereditary Thrombopathy (BHT) resembles Glanzmann's thrombasthenia having a primary aggregation abnormality and defective contact activation in plasma. It has been reported that, in suspension, activated BHT platelets bind fibrinogen normally. Therefore, the aggregation defect may be related to either an inability to mobilise ligand-occupied receptors or to an inability to initiate biochemical signal transduction events following ligand binding. To investigate the former possibility we have used colloidal gold probes to examine the binding of fibrinogen and the post-ligand binding reorganisation of fibrinogen receptors on adherent platelets. Adherent, spread BHT platelets were labelled with either albumin-gold (Alb-Au), fibrinogen−gold (Fg−Au) or Fg−Au in the presence of physiological concentrations of unlabelled fibrinogen or specific glycoprotein (GP) IIb−IIIa inhibitors. Labelling of fibrinogen receptors on BHT platelets was similar to control dogs and humans. Binding was blocked by physiological concentrations of unlabelled fibrinogen as well as the arginine-glycine-aspartic acidserine (RGDS) peptide and complex specific GP IIb−IIIa antibodies. Fibrinogen-gold binding was related to the stage of shape change, as early platelet dendritic forms demonstrated minimal gold binding that increased with more fully spread platelets. There was evidence of receptor redistribution as well as movement of receptors into the open canalicular system (OCS) following Fg−Au binding. In intermediate and spread platelets the distribution was closely related to the orientation of the circumferential microfilamentous system consistent with normal receptor-cytoskeletal interaction. Heavy labelling also occurred at points of platelet-platelet interaction. In contrast to Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, BHT demonstrates normal fibrinogen binding to adherent platelets. Furthermore, BHT platelets demonstrate normal receptor mobility and reorganisation following ligand binding.
Comments on: Missing data methods in longitudinal studies: a review

First, we would like to thank Joe and Geert for a carefully written review paper on longitudinal data. We would like to expand on several points discussed in this paper. Specifically, we would like to expand on 1) the interpretation of covariate effects and use of identifying restrictions with covariates in mixture models (Section 4.2.2) and 2) issues with sensitivity analyses in parametric models for the full fix wording and in selection models in general (Section 4.2.3).
In vivo monitoring of cardiomyocyte proliferation to identify chemical modifiers of heart regeneration

Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have little capacity to proliferate in response to injury, a deficiency that underlies the poor regenerative ability of human hearts after myocardial infarction. By contrast, zebrafish regenerate heart muscle after trauma by inducing proliferation of spared cardiomyocytes, providing a model for identifying manipulations that block or enhance these events. Although direct genetic or chemical screens of heart regeneration in adult zebrafish present several challenges, zebrafish embryos are ideal for high-throughput screening. Here, to visualize cardiomyocyte proliferation events in live zebrafish embryos, we generated transgenic zebrafish lines that employ fluorescent ubiquitylation-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) technology. We then performed a chemical screen and identified several small molecules that increase or reduce cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development. These compounds act via Hedgehog, Insulin-like growth factor or Transforming growth factor β signaling pathways. Direct examination of heart regeneration after mechanical or genetic ablation injuries indicated that these pathways are activated in regenerating cardiomyocytes and that they can be pharmacologically manipulated to inhibit or enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation during adult heart regeneration. Our findings describe a new screening system that identifies molecules and pathways with the potential to modify heart regeneration.
Utilizing Hopfield neural networks and an improved simulated annealing procedure for design optimization of electromagnetic devices

A new method for the design optimization of electromagnetic devices is presented. Improved simulated annealing (SA) is used along with the Hopfield neural network (HN) to optimize a solution obtained from a trained multilayered perceptron (MLP). This results in an overall increase in the speed of optimization. Results are presented for two examples which show the effectiveness of the proposed method in obtaining a near optimal solution. >
Cerebellar responses to teleceptive stimuli in alert monkeys.

Abstract Discharges of single Purkinje cells in the intermediate and lateral zones of the cerebellar cortex and of neurons in the interpositus and dentate nuclei were recorded in alert monkeys during the presentation of intense auditory and visual stimuli. Concomitant monitoring of the electromyogram (EMG) demonstrated that these stimuli evoked characteristic startle responses in most instances. Firing patterns of cerebellar nuclear cells to auditory stimuli could be categorized into four types, the most common of which consisted of a short-latency acceleration of discharge, followed by a decrease in activity, and in most cells by a later period of facilitation. Simple spike discharge patterns of Purkinje cells consisted largely of prolonged increases or decreases in firing rate, although more complex patterns were seen. In almost 50% of the Purkinje cells tested, complex spikes were evoked by the auditory stimuli. Comparison of simple spike responses of Purkinje cells and of the discharges of cerebellar nuclear cells to auditory and visual inputs revealed that, except for a longer latency, the discharge pattern evoked by flash stimuli was identical to that evoked by sound in all instances. By contrast, in about one-third of the Purkinje cells with related complex spike discharge, complex spikes were evoked by stimuli of only a single modality. Comparison of the times of changes in nuclear and Purkinje cell activity suggests that the initial change in nuclear cell discharge was due to an increase in mossy fiber activity, while the subsequent decrease resulted from Purkinje cell inhibition evoked by mossy and climbing fiber inputs. The absence of increases in nuclear cell discharge at the time of most decreases in Purkinje activity indicates that removal of Purkinje inhibition does not have a major effect on the discharge rates of individual nuclear cells. The data also suggest that excitation of nuclear cells via climbing fiber collaterals played only a minor role in influencing their discharge. Since most EMG changes occured after or at about the same time as the initial changes in cerebellar discharge, it is unlikely that the initial changes in cerebellar activity were a result of feedback from contracting muscles. It is proposed that the similar discharge patterns of cerebellar neurons to auditory and visual input results from a convergence of these inputs on a structure which projects to the cerebellum as mossy fibers.
A terminal molybdenum arsenide complex synthesized from yellow arsenic.

A terminal molybdenum arsenide complex is synthesized in one step from the reactive As4 molecule. The properties of this complex with its arsenic atom ligand are discussed in relation to the analogous nitride and phosphide complexes.
Inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase-induced emphysema by eglin-c.

Eglin-c, a compound that inhibits rat elastase but has little effect on porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), was employed to examine the role of endogenous elastase in PPE-induced emphysema. Twenty-four female Long-Evans rats were divided into three groups: control (n = 8), PPE (n = 9), and PPE + eglin-c (n = 7). Eglin-c (9 mg/rat) was intratracheally instilled 3 days after PPE treatment, twice weekly, until 3 days before pulmonary function testing. Function tests and lung fixation for morphometric analysis were carried out 15-34 days after PPE treatment. Intratracheal instillation of PPE (400 IU/kg) produced significant increases in functional residual capacity, dynamic and quasi-static compliances, total lung capacity (TLC), and mean linear intercept (MLI), as well as a significant decrease in carbon monoxide diffusion coefficient. However, no significant alterations in quasi-static compliance, TLC, or MLI were found in animals treated with PPE and eglin-c. Three additional groups were used to examine the...
A new trust region technique for the maximum weight clique problem

A new simple generalization of the Motzkin-Straus theorem for the maximum weight clique problem is formulated and directly proved. Within this framework a trust region heuristic is developed. In contrast to usual trust region methods, it regards not only the global optimum of a quadratic objective over a sphere, but also a set of other stationary points of the program. We formulate and prove a condition when a Motzkin-Straus optimum coincides with such a point. The developed method has complexity O(n3), where n is the number of vertices of the graph. It was implemented in a publicly available software package QUALEX-MS.Computational experiments indicate that the algorithm is exact on small graphs and very efficient on the DIMACS benchmark graphs and various random maximum weight clique problem instances.
Nanosecond Pulse Burst Ignition of Ethylene and Acetylene by Uniform Low-Temperature Plasmas 1

Nanosecond pulse burst plasma ignition measurements and kinetic modeling calculations have been used to analyze kinetics of low-temperature plasma assisted ignition of hydrocarbon fuels. Uniform low-temperature plasmas have been generated by high voltage, nanosecond duration pulses at high pulse repetition rates. Pulse bursts of up to 1000 pulses have been used to ignite premixed ethylene-air and acetylene-air flows. Ignition delay time has been determined by measuring time-resolved OH, CH, and C2 Swan band emission from the flow, which produces a well pronounced overshoot during ignition. Ignition delay time has been measured in a wide range of pulse repetition rates and equivalence ratios. Kinetic modeling of a high-voltage, nanosecond duration pulse discharge demonstrate that charge accumulation on dielectric plates covering the electrodes results in strong shielding of the plasma, which significantly lowers gap voltage and limits the pulse energy coupled to the plasma. The effective reduced electric field value inferred from plasma emission spectra, E/N=330 ± 30 Td, is approximately a factor of 3 lower than the value estimated from the pulse peak voltage. Discharge pulse energy predicted by the model is in good agreement with our previous work, where the pulse energy was inferred from the O atom density measurements. Experimental ignition delay times have been compared with results of kinetic modeling of repetitively pulsed hydrocarbon-air plasma. Modeling calculations predict considerable chemical energy release from the fuel species due to exothermic fuel oxidation in reactions with radicals generated by electron impact. This effect results in significant additional heating of fuel-air mixtures in the lowtemperature plasma. Comparing calculated plasma assisted ignition delay time with ignition by equilibrium heating demonstrated that radicals generated by the plasma reduce ignition temperature by up to 300 0 C and reduce ignition delay time by up to 2 orders of magnitude. This demonstrates conclusively the non-thermal nature of low-temperature plasma assisted ignition. Comparison of experimental ignition delay time in ethylene-air with kinetic modeling calculations shows very good agreement. In methane-air, the model predicts no ignition at the present conditions, consistent with the experiments, in which no methane-air ignition has been detected. In acetylene-air, the model overpredicts ignition delay time by 50100% compared with the experimental data.
Sensitivity of Global Mixing and Fluxes to Isolated Transport Barriers

Abstract Effects of isolated transport barriers on the global mixing and fluxes of a tracer are investigated, where a barrier is defined as a local minimum in effective diffusivity. An idealized 1D model with a prescribed diffusivity profile, with or without forcing, is used to show that the structure, flux, and decay rates of the tracer are all very sensitive to the barrier geometry, particularly when it is deep and narrow. Although the tracer gradients and the variance dissipation are concentrated to the barrier region, the flux shows a more global response to the barrier, decreasing everywhere. The harmonic mean of effective diffusivity is proposed as a useful first-order predictor of the global transport. This 1D model is used to diagnose the isentropic transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with offline transport calculations driven by the Met Office winds. The global tracer variance in these calculations decays approximately exponentially, and the time-mean decay rate and tracer s...
Can a Specialist Parasitoid, Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Influence the Ecotype Structure of Its Preferred Host Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) ?

Synchronization between a parasitoid and its preferred host is an essential strategy for successful biological control. Two ecotypes of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in North America are distinguished by their voltinism. In this study, the differential impact of a specialist parasitoid, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), on the univoltine and multivoltine populations of O. nubilalis is investigated. Four years of field and laboratory study suggested that M. cingulum emergence was synchronized with the spring emergence of the multivoltine ecotypes of O. nubilalis in Pennsylvania. Univoltine populations experienced minimal parasitism from M. cingulum. Field-collected data suggested that the postdiapause multivoltine O. nubilalis field population was male biased, whereas the univoltine population was female biased. M. cingulum-parasitized postdiapause O. nubilalis larvae were significantly heavier than the male and nonparasitized female larvae. Sex ratio differences observed in overwintered O. nubilalis populations in the presence or absence of M. cingulum parasitism suggested preferential parasitism between male and female O. nubilalis larvae. Correlation between the larger parasitized O. nubilalis larval host and the number of adult parasitoids emerging per host suggested a potential evolutionary advantage to parasitizing female or larger hosts.
Evidence That Self-Relevant Motives and Metaphoric Framing Interact to Influence Political and Social Attitudes:

We propose that metaphor is a mechanism by which motivational states in one conceptual domain can influence attitudes in a superficially unrelated domain. Two studies tested whether activating motives related to the self-concept influences attitudes toward social topics when the topics' metaphoric association to the motives is made salient through linguistic framing. In Study 1, heightened motivation to protect one's own body from contamination led to harsher attitudes toward immigrants entering the United States when the country was framed in body-metaphoric, rather than literal, terms. In Study 2, a self-esteem threat led to more positive attitudes toward binge drinking of alcohol when drinking was metaphorically framed as physical self-destruction, compared with when it was framed literally or metaphorically as competitive other-destruction.
Demonstration of Combined Spray and Evaporative Cooling of an Electromagnetic Railgun

Spray cooling with high speed air flow down the bore of an electromagnetic railgun has the potential for effective cooling, while the air flow limits the amount of water present in the bore at the end of the cooling period. An experimental study was conducted to measure the convective heat transfer coefficient under the proposed conditions at a representative scale. A transient experiment was conducted using a copper bar with a cross section of 135 mm x 60 mm. The temperature response of thermocouples embedded in the copper bar was used to determine the heat transfer coefficient. Results are presented showing the influence of nozzle pressure and air velocity on the heat transfer coefficient. The electrical resistance was also measured across the bore in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the air velocity in removing the water spray. Finally, a numerical study was conducted to show that the heat transfer coefficients obtained could effectively cool a large-scale electromagnetic railgun.
Neural imaginaries and clinical epistemology: Rhetorically mapping the adolescent brain in the clinical encounter

Abstract The social work of brain images has taken center stage in recent theorizing of the intersections between neuroscience and society. However, neuroimaging is only one of the discursive modes through which public representations of neurobiology travel. This article adopts an expanded view toward the social implications of neuroscientific thinking to examine how neural imaginaries are constructed in the absence of visual evidence. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over 18 months (2008–2009) in a United States multidisciplinary pediatric pain clinic, I examine the pragmatic clinical work undertaken to represent ambiguous symptoms in neurobiological form. Focusing on one physician, I illustrate how, by rhetorically mapping the brain as a therapeutic tool, she engaged in a distinctive form of representation that I call neural imagining. In shifting my focus away from the purely material dimensions of brain images, I juxtapose the cultural work of brain scanning technologies with clinical neural imaginaries in which the teenage brain becomes a space of possibility, not to map things as they are, but rather, things as we hope they might be. These neural imaginaries rely upon a distinctive clinical epistemology that privileges the creative work of the imagination over visualization technologies in revealing the truths of the body. By creating a therapeutic space for adolescents to exercise their imaginative faculties and a discursive template for doing so, neural imagining relocates adolescents' agency with respect to epistemologies of bodily knowledge and the role of visualization practices therein. In doing so, it provides a more hopeful alternative to the dominant popular and scientific representations of the teenage brain that view it primarily through the lens of pathology.
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) masks changes due to hyperkalemia: a myth.

Left bundle branch block masks ischemic changes but not those due to electrolyte imbalance. Peaking of T waves, prolongation of PR interval, diminution/absence of P wave, and widening of QRS complex can still be appreciated if one carefully compares the baseline ECG to the presenting ECG. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2010;5:226–227. © 2010 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A Pascal Program for Implementing the Welch-James Procedure

This paper describes a computer program which calculates relevant test statistics enabling the user to apply Johansen's simplification of the Welch-James approximation in factorial designs.
Hyperuricemia in myxedema.

ABSTRACT Serum uric acid levels were determined in 28 myxedematous patients and compared to the levels in 7 hyperthyroid patients and 33 normal subjects. Urinary urate excretions were also measured in 18 patients and 24-hour uric acid excretion rates determined in 16. The data indicate that most of the myxedematous males and one-third of the myxedematous females had significant hyperuricemia. Postmenopausal women were the only females in the myxedematous group exhibiting hyperuricemia. Myxedematous patients of both sexes showed a decreased urinary excretion of urate and a decreased renal urate excretion rate as compared to hyperthyroid patients. Amounts of triiodothyronine or triiodothyropropionic acid which were sufficient to elevate the basal metabolic rate to normal in the myxedematous patients studied, caused a urate diuresis, an increase in the 24-hour urate excretion rate, and a decrease in the level of serum uric acid.
Adsorption of ammonia on graphite oxide/aluminium polycation and graphite oxide/zirconium–aluminium polyoxycation composites

Abstract Graphite oxide (GO) synthesized from commercial graphite was modified with aluminium or zirconium–aluminium polyoxycations and then calcined at 350 °C. On the samples obtained adsorption of ammonia from moist air was investigated. The surface of materials before and after exposure to ammonia was characterized using adsorption of nitrogen, XRD, SEM, FTIR, TA, CHN analysis, and potentiometric titration. The results showed that in spite of the fact that graphite composites/pillared graphites (PG) have Keggin-like ions located between the layers, that space blocked for nitrogen molecules used to determine the specific surface area. During calcinations, the deflagration of layers occurred as a result of decomposition of epoxy groups. This results in formation of disordered graphitic carbons with some mesoporosity. Even though these materials were not porous, the significant amount of ammonia was retained on the surface. Since ammonia molecule is able to specifically interact with oxygen groups of graphite oxide and Bronsted centers of inorganic pillars, it is likely intercalated between the composite layers. While the best performance was found for GO modified with aluminium–zirconium species, after calcinations the samples containing Keggin Al13 like cations revealed the high capacity which is linked to the high acidity of incorporated inorganic compounds.
Application of a high‐pressure gas semi‐active resettable damper to the benchmark smart base‐isolated building

SUMMARY We discuss the application of a new class of low-cost and high-reliability semi-active devices for the response mitigation of structures subject to earthquakes. These devices, which manipulate stiffness rather than damping, are evaluated by the smart base-isolated benchmark building. The basic motivation, idealization as a stiffness resetting damper or device, development of control logic that ensures the semiactive property, and initial testing and validation results from recently developed prototypes are discussed. The principle idea allows the use of reliable and inexpensive hydraulic or pneumatic technologies, and leads to a decentralized and easy to implement architecture. The results from the benchmark simulations show performance competitive with well-known semi-active techniques. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum Monte Carlo Study of Symmetry Breaking in a Double-Well Chain

We report the results of a quantum Monte Carlo simulation of a double-well chain. This chain is a system of particles that move on a lattice of symmetric, double-well potentials which are coupled harmonically to one another. The physical properties of this system are invariant, like those of the the Ising model, under the symmetry operations of the Z 2 group. In this case, changing the sign of the displacement variables leaves the energy unchanged and leads to a doubly-degenerate ground-state. Classically, this symmetry is always broken, and the particles all sit in the left- or the right-hand side of their wells. Quantum mechanically, however, we find that below a critical value of the double-well coupling constant the symmetry is restored by quantum fluctuations.
Overdose deaths attributed to methadone and heroin in New York City, 1990-1998.

Aims Methadone treatment has been shown to be an effective intervention that can lower the risk of heroin-induced overdose death. Recent reports have suggested increases in methadone-induced overdose deaths in several locations in the USA and in Europe. This study investigated the role of methadone and opiates in accidental overdose deaths in New York City. Design We analysed data from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner to examine all accidental drug overdose deaths in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Findings Of 7451 total overdose deaths during this period, there were 1024 methadone-induced overdose deaths, 4627 heroin-induced overdose deaths and 408 overdose deaths attributed to both methadone and heroin. Fewer than a third as many accidental overdose deaths were attributed to methadone than were attributed to heroin during this period. The proportion of accidental overdose deaths attributed to methadone did not change appreciably (12.6‐15.8% of total overdose mortality), while the proportion of overdose deaths attributed to heroin increased significantly (53.5‐64.2%) during the period of study. Conclusions There was no appreciable increase in methadone-induced overdose mortality in New York City during the 1990s. Both heroin-induced overdose mortality and prescriptions of methadone increased during the same
A slot antenna with magnetoelectric elements

A ferrite–ferroelectric bilayer is used in a slot antenna for static magnetic and electric field control of the radiation characteristics of the antenna. A π-type slot antenna with the resonance frequency ranging from 1.5 to 2.7 GHz, depending on the slot length, is studied. A bilayer of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) on gadolinium gallium garnet bonded to lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is used as the magnetoelectric element. Under a static magnetic field H corresponding to the ferromagnetic resonance in the YIG film, a substantial increase in the power transmitted by the antenna is measured. A dc electric field applied to PZT results in a phase shift of the radiated signal, by 220° for 200 V. The radiation patterns of the antenna show directional characteristics. The demonstrated electric and magnetic field control of antenna characteristics is of interest for applications in phased arrays and beam-forming antennas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:533–535, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27398
Pull-Off Adhesion Measurements on C. Elegans

The surface adhesion between C. elegans and the agar plates on which they are commonly grown has yet to be accurately quantified. C. elegans are a scientifically important species of nematode whose simple structure allowed the first mapping of the complete nervous system in a multicellular organism. One of the current topics of research in the C. elegans community is the investigation of neuronal function in locomotion. Locomotion models derived from mathematical analysis of nematode motion and surface interaction are frequently employed to investigate the influence of neuronal function in locomotion. Surface interactions, such as adhesion energy, play a critical role in the development of these models, but measurements of these parameters have not yet been performed. This paper presents the measurement of surface adhesion energy of nematodes on agar surfaces using a direct pull-off experiment. Adhesion energy was found to be W = 4.94 ± 1.19 mJ/m2 for the wild type.
First Steps Toward Defining the Wind Disturbance Regime in Central Hardwoods Forests

Wind disturbance is one of the most prevalent natural disturbances in the Central Hardwoods Region (CHR). All ecoregions within the CHR are subject to a greater or lesser degree to tornado, derecho or thunderstorm wind damage, with an east-to-west increase in the importance of tornadoes and derechos. At the regional scale, hurricanes decrease in importance with distance from the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. The disturbed patch sizes created by these various storms include occasional very large (e.g., >25 ha) patches, but the great majority are a few ha or less, perhaps differing from common visual impressions. Hurricane and derecho disturbance patterns appear to be more predictable in relation to topographic features, whereas tornado damage is much more stochastic. All wind disturbance types cause greater damage to larger trees, and most studies reveal interspecific differences in levels of wind damage, although such patterns are not always consistent among studies or locations. Wind disturbance commonly advances succession in second-growth forest but may set succession back in primary forests. The greatest research needs are landscape-scale patterns of damage; relationships of damage to topography and soils; clarifying the tree characteristics (e.g., architecture, wood strength, rooting depth) that underlie interspecific differences in vulnerability; and documenting ecosystem effects of wind disturbance.
EFFICACY OF MAREK'S DISEASE VACCINES IN MHC HETEROZYGOUS CHICKENS : MHC CONGENIC X INBRED LINE F1 MATINGS

The goal of this study is to demonstrate that Mhc (B) heterozygous chickens differ in efficacy of response to several Marek's disease (MD) vaccines. Four types of B2 heterozygotes, in addition to B2B2 homozygotes, were developed by crossing 15.B congenic males to inbred line 7(1) (B2B2) hens. The five types of F1 chicks were intermingled in isolators and vaccinated with one of four types of MD vaccine before inoculation with the very virulent Md5 strain of MD herpesvirus. The F1 chickens differ in development of protective immunity following MD vaccination from two perspectives. First, chickens of a particular Mhc genotype were protected better by some vaccines than others. Second, individual vaccine preparations protected some Mhc genotypes more effectively. We conclude that some MD vaccines are more appropriate than others for certain B-haplotypes when chickens are heterozygous for the Mhc. The value of using Mhc-congenic x inbred line F1 animals for studies concerning the influence of the Mhc on vaccinal immunity is discussed.
The Egg and Art

Abstract POULTRY industry leaders and poultry scientists are concerned about the image of the poultry industry. The recruitment of bright young men and women into the Poultry Science curricula of the colleges and universities is a difficult task as evidenced by low enrollment. Industry leaders report some difficulty in recruiting outstanding young employees, due in part to the lack of glamour associated with the industry in the eyes of the general public. Some professions seem to have a glamorous image apart from or in addition to financial awards associated therewith. Medical doctors, flyers, artists, and newspapermen seem to have an aura of glamour about them not present with the equally capable and successful poultryman or poultry scientist. In the field of agriculture the beef cattle breeder and saddle horse breeder seem to occupy a position of glamour in the eyes of the public. The various avian species have been associated with …