cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mondays, Fridays, and Friday the Thirteenth

Previous research has established that stock returns tend to be low on Mondays and high on Fridays, and suggests that stock returns on Friday the thirteenth may be less than on other Fridays. We find that in a longer time series than previously studied, this difference is no longer significant at conventional levels. More important, we find significantly positive returns in six-month Treasury bills and in three different maturities of government bonds. The magnitude of this effect increases with maturity. We uncover no statistically reliable evidence of differences between Friday the thirteenths and other Fridays in three-month Treasury bills, three different futures contracts or in federal funds.
Quantitative Fluoroscopy

Quantitative aspects of a computerized fluoroscopic system are discussed. The system consists of an x-ray image intensifier-TV chain and a digital video image processor. Experimental results to demonstrate the capability of the system are presented. The video-volumetric measurements with the system are demonstrated.
The utility of preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging in invasive breast cancer according to HER2 status.

CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts Abstract #4020 Background: HER2 positive (HER2+) breast cancer accounts for 20% of all breast cancer and is an independent adverse prognostic factor. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to identify additional mammographically occult ipsilateral (I/L) and contralateral (C/L) disease, however indications for preoperative MRI in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer are not standardized. While invasive lobular cancer, younger patient age, and increased breast density have been suggested as routine indications, the role of preoperative MRI according to HER2 status has not been evaluated. Methods: All patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent preoperative MRI between January 2003 and December 2007 were reviewed. Retrospective chart review was performed to collect clinical, radiographic, and pathologic data. The incidence of additional I/L or C/L malignacy was calculated. Additionally, changes in surgical management because of MRI findings were recorded. Results: Of the 401 women with invasive breast cancer undergoing preoperative breast MRI, 51 (13%) had HER2+ tumors. The average age at the time of MRI was similar in both groups. HER2+ patients were more likely to have nodal disease, and tumors with higher rates of lymphovascular invasion or extensive intraductal components. ![][1] When compared to HER2- patients, more HER2+ patients had additional ipsilateral MRI abnormalities. A second ipsilateral cancer was found in 31% of HER2+ patients compared to 25% of HER2- patients. When analyzed according to ER status, HER2+/ ER- patients were more likely to have an additional site of cancer compared to HER2+/ER+ patients (42% vs 23%). Conversely, among HER2- patients, rates of additional ipsilateral cancer were similar for HER2-/ER+ (26%) and HERr2-/ER- (23%) patients. Of the 216 patients (HER2+ and HER2-) with additional ipsilateral MRI findings (benign or malignant), 125/216 (58%) patients were deemed appropriate breast conservation (BCT) candidates after MRI. However, BCT was only chosen in 84/125 (67%) patients. Additional contralateral disease was documented in 8% of HER2+ versus 5% of HER2- patients. Conclusions: HER2 positivity remains and important prognostic factor for women with breast cancer. Indications for routine preoperative MRI are unclear. In patients with newly diagnosed Her2+ invasive breast cancer routine preoperative MRI may be valuable in the subset of patients who are also ER-. Further study is needed to determine the influence of MRI on patient decisions for surgical therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4020. [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Mathias and set theory

On the occasion of his 70th birthday, the work of Adrian Mathias in set theory is surveyed in its full range and extent.
Analysis on the recombination in spike gene,which can facilitate the exploration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus' origin

Objective To explore the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)coro- navirus(SARS-CoV)by analyzing the recombination in spike gene.Methods Utilized various bioin- formatic methods to compare the similarities and differences among several SARS-CoV with emphasis on analyzing the possibility that bat SARS like coronavirus might overcome the species harrier. Results Bat SARS-like coronavirus was very similar to SARS-CoV in most open reading frame (ORF),except spike gene(S gene).Further investigation revealed this difference mainly resulted from the variation in the S1 gene segment,which also had anomalous GC content in all SARS-CoV genomes.Moreover,phylogenetic tree reconstructed by S1 gene segment was topologically incongru- ent with that reconstructed by S2 gene segment.Conclusions The analyses indicate that the bat SARS-like coronavirus may be the origin of SARS-CoV when certain recombination occurs in Sgene, which can help the former virus to overcome species barrier.
Removal of oxide skin on surface of TC4 titanium alloy

In order to solve the problem that a layer of dense oxide skin will form on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy in the hot-forming process,and both surface morphology and thickness of oxide skin are influenced by the temperature,the technology of thermokalite washing and then acid washing for the removal of oxide skin which formed after oxidation at different temperatures was investigated. The surface morphology of oxide skin was characterized with the optical microscope( OM). The effect of time on the removal of oxide skin was studied,and the hydrogen mass fraction in the TC4 alloy after the removal of oxide skin was tested with the worldly advanced American LECO RH-404 hydrogen determination instrument. The results showthat through adopting the process of thermokalite washing and then acid washing, the oxide skin on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy can be completely removed. Moreover,the hydrogen mass fraction tested with the RH-404 hydrogen determination instrument exhibits no significant change.
After the Spade Turns: Disagreement, First Principles and Epistemic Contractarianism

Reasons, Wittgenstein warned, come to an end; we hit bedrock; the spade is turned. Long philosophical tradition, not to mention common sense, agrees. You can’t justify everything. In this paper, I examine a case where it is not only especially compelling that reasons run out—it is especially troubling. The case is when there is disagreement over explicitly epistemic first principles. Epistemic first principles are principles that announce that basic methods for acquiring beliefs are reliable. Where we disagree over such principles, we face the alarming prospect of being unable to defend them without relying on the very methods whose reliability is in question. I then explore, however briefly, what options remain in such situations for still engaging in what we might call rational persuasion. I suggest our prospects depend on whether we can make sense of giving objective practical reasons for our epistemic first principles.
Transitions in Metabolic Risk and Long‐Term Cardiovascular Health: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

BackgroundDespite evidence suggesting that early metabolic dysfunction impacts cardiovascular disease risk, current guidelines focus on risk assessments later in life, missing early transitions in ...
Tumors of Peritoneum

Primary peritoneal tumors and tumor-like conditions of secondary mullerian system include various endometrioid, serous, and mucinous lesions. Endometriosis is the most common tumor-like condition resulting in a significant morbidity in women of reproductive years of age. In addition, preneoplastic hyperplasia and carcinomas (clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas) may arise from endometriosis. Primary peritoneal serous carcinoma is a frequent differential diagnosis from that of the ovarian primary. Diffuse involvement of surfaces of various abdominal organs and minimal (<5 mm in size) ovarian parenchymal involvement are diagnostic criteria for a peritoneal serous carcinoma. Various serous and mucinous cytadenomas and borderline tumors may present as extraovarian primaries. Metastatic carcinomas are the most common tumors involving the peritoneum. Gestational trophoblastic tumors primarily involving the peritoneum are extremely rare, including gestational choriocarcinoma and intermediate trophoblastic tumor (PSTT and ETT, see Chap. 8).
A tale of two Great Lakes conferences: Urging global collaboration on our largest freshwater resources

Abstract Scientific meetings and conferences are a part of the scientific process, and can facilitate collaboration, idea-sharing, and harmonization of research and management. The success of a conference can be measured using many criteria, including consistency and reoccurrence of the meetings, credibility by participation of reputable professionals, and attendance by a diverse community. In the interest of increasing the success of large-lake, freshwater science, policy, and management, this comment focuses on two recent conferences attended by the authors: the 60th annual meeting of the International Association for Great Lakes Research, in Detroit, U.S.A., and the African Great Lakes Conference, in Entebbe, Uganda. By our measures of success, we suggest that to make a larger impact on research, policy, and management of global, large, freshwater lakes that each conference can improve, either through greater diversity of experts from the global freshwater research community, or by consistently reoccurring on a regular basis.
The effect of attapulgite and charcoal on enterotoxicity of vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in rabbits

Vibrio cholerae and certain strains of Escherichia coli produce heat-labile enterotoxins which play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the intestinal disease. Activated attapulgite, a heated magnesium aluminum silicate, was previously shown to prevent the toxic effects of endotoxin. The present study has revealed that this drug inhibits the toxic effects of cholera and E. coli enterotoxins in the intestinal loop of rabbits, when toxin and attapulgite are pre-incubated prior to injection. Up to 50 to 100 minimal effective doses are inhibited. Attapulgite is effective also when injected separately, albeit simultaneously, into the intestinal loops, but not when administered after the toxin. Since supernates of toxin-attapulgite mixtures are non-toxic, it is postulated that attapulgite acts by adsorption and that the attached enterotoxin is no longer toxic to the rabbit intestine. The previously reported effect of charcoal on V. cholerae enterotoxin, paralleling that of attapulgite, was confirmed. In contrast to the effects of these adsorbents on isolated toxin, both failed to prevent enterotoxicity in the rabbit model of an enterotoxin-producing strain of E. coli.
Tigers and What I Hold in My Hands

In long ago and blessedly no longer days of tiger hunting, many would-be hunters of tigers were killed because rather than doing what they were equipped to do, they did what came naturally. I position this situation as an allegory for our vocational practice and try to emphasize the importance of bringing something in our hands to manage what otherwise might consume us. This window opens into a landscape of psychotherapy in which what emerged might have overwhelmed, but did not.
High-angle deflection of the energetic electrons by a voluminous magnetic structure in near-normal intense laser-plasma interactions

The physics governing electron acceleration by a relativistically intense laser is not confined to the critical density surface; it also pervades the subcritical plasma in front of the target. Here particles can gain many times the ponderomotive energy from the overlying laser and strong fields can grow. Experiments using a high-contrast laser and a prescribed laser prepulse demonstrate that development of the preplasma has an unexpectedly strong effect on the most energetic, superponderomotive electrons. The presented two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations reveal how strong, voluminous magnetic structures that evolve in the preplasma impact high-energy electrons more significantly than low-energy ones for longer pulse durations and how the common practice of tilting the target to a modest incidence angle can be enough to initiate strong deflection. The implications are that multiple angular spectral measurements are necessary to prevent misleading conclusions from past and future experiments.
Burn Calories, Not Fuel! The effects of bikeshare programs on obesity rates

Abstract More than 50 bikeshare programs have been launched in the U.S. since 2010. In this paper, I estimate the effects of bikeshare programs on the prevalence of obesity at the county level. To do so, I merge bikeshare system data with obesity data released by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and construct a county-level panel covering the period of 2007–2013. I employ a difference-in-differences empirical framework, in which I compare the obesity rate before and after the introduction of the bikeshare programs in counties that have ever launched bikeshare programs, and use counties that have never introduced bikeshare programs as the control group. Difference-in-differences estimates suggest the significant public health effect of bikeshare programs: the introduction of the bikeshare programs leads to moderate declines in obesity rates; a possible mechanism is its impacts on leisure-time physical activities. I also conduct various additional tests to check the robustness of the above findings. These tests show that the conclusion of this paper is robust to changes to samples and empirical models.
Implementing Home Blood Pressure Monitoring into Clinical Practice

To review data supporting the use of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and provide practical guidance to clinicians wishing to incorporate HBPM into their practice. HBPM more accurately reflects the risk of cardiovascular events than office blood pressure measurement. In addition, there is high-quality evidence that HBPM combined with clinical support improves blood pressure control. Therefore, HBPM is increasingly recommended by guidelines to confirm the diagnosis of hypertension and evaluate the efficacy of blood pressure-lowering medications. Nevertheless, HBPM use remains low due to barriers from the patient, clinician, and healthcare system level. Understanding these barriers is crucial for developing strategies to effectively implement HBPM into routine clinical practice. HBPM is a valuable adjunct to office blood pressure measurement for diagnosing hypertension and guiding antihypertensive therapy. Following recommended best practices can facilitate the successful implementation of HBPM and impact how hypertension is managed in the primary care setting.
Investigating the role of expectancy in caffeine withdrawal using the balanced placebo design

Objective This study investigated psychological influences on drug withdrawal symptomatology using a caffeine-based model. Methods Using the 2 × 2 balanced placebo design caffeine dose (given caffeinated vs decaffeinated coffee) was crossed with dose expectancy (told caffeine vs. decaf) among 87 (16-hr abstinent) regular coffee consumers in a 2-day study. Results There were effects of expectancy and pharmacology that differed depending on the measure. Those told decaf reported greater caffeine cravings than those told caffeine 45 min and 8 hr postmanipulation. There were no expectancy effects on withdrawal symptoms or cognitive performance. There were pharmacological effects on all measures. Those given decaf reported greater withdrawal symptoms and showed poorer cognitive performance 45 min and 8 hr postmanipulation, with effects for headache and flu-like symptoms first emerging 8 hr postmanipulation (i.e., 24 hr abstinence in given decaf conditions). Caffeine readministration alleviated all withdrawal symptoms and cognitive decrements within 45 min. No drug by expectancy interactions were observed. Conclusions These findings confirm a strong pharmacological basis for caffeine withdrawal and an important role of cognition in drug craving. Future research should investigate the role of expectancy in drug withdrawal and craving and the potential use of expectancy manipulations in symptom prevention and management.
EPR and ENDOR Studies of the Oxidized Donor in Reaction Centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides Strain R-26 and two Heterodimer Mutants in which Histidine M202 or L173 was Replaced by Leucine

The primary electron donor D in reaction centers (RCs) of photosynthetic bacteria is a dimer (‘special pair’) of Bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) molecules. The structure and spectral (EPR, ENDOR) characteristics of the dimer have been investigated extensively in RCs of Rhodopseudomonas viridis [1–4] and Rhodobacter sphaeroides [5–9].
Eigenvalues and Spectral Gaps Related to Periodic Perturbations of Jacobi Matrices

This paper investigates the existence of eigenvalues in the spectral gaps of a class of Jacobi matrices resulting from periodic perturbations of Jacobi operators with smooth coefficients.
What Is the Meaning of Recovery

The mental health field is currently operating with two distinctly different meanings of the concept of “recovery.” While the traditional, clinical sense of having recovered from a serious mental illness has been around since the eighteenth century, the more recent meaning of living a full, self-directed life with an on-going serious mental illness emerged from the Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Movement in the late 1980s. Based on a disability rights framework, this new meaning of recovery has since spawned a movement of its own, promising to push mental health services beyond symptom reduction to a restoration of functioning and community inclusion in the face of a psychiatric disability. This chapter explores both meanings of the term recovery, argues for their complementarity in addressing different situations, and reviews the evidence that exists for interventions to promote community inclusion. Evidence suggests that persons with serious mental illnesses can function in a range of valued social roles and are more likely to do so when provided person-centered care that promotes self-management. More work remains in transforming care to this orientation, and additional work is needed to address the social determinants of mental health in creating more supportive and inclusive communities, comprising an interface between the concepts of personal recovery and citizenship.
A Citation Analysis of the Woodrow Wilson School Master’s Students Research Output

In this citation analysis the author analyzes the primary information sources and resources used in the final scholarly output of the Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton Universities MPA/MPP curricu...
Particle simulation of auroral double layers

Work on the simulation of auroral double layers (DLs) with realistic particle-in-cell models is presented. An early model simulated weak DLs formed in a self-consistent circuit but under conditions subject to the ion-acoustic instability. Recent work has focused on strong DLs formed when currentless jets are injected into a dipole magnetic field.
Translanguaging as Transformation in TESOL

Language classrooms are multilingual spaces. While policies and pedagogies in the classroom may strive to circumscribe linguistic boundaries and define languages as separate entities, the task that students set themselves to in expanding their language repertoires is, by its nature, one that calls for multiples languages to coexist and comingle in physical and mental spaces. For this reason, in a few short years the concept of translanguaging has captured the attention and imagination of TESOL educators. Popularized in the field of bilingual education (Garcia 2009), translanguaging has resonated strongly in TESOL because it allows us to bring together several related concerns and see them as different facets of the same conceptual and pedagogical challenge. The concept of translanguagin captures the overall move in the field of TESOL from a monolingual to plurilingual orientation. Translanguaging, therefore, is not about adding another layer to the cake of TESOL methods, but rather about bringing together these perspectives to transform TESOL in a way that truly recognizes and builds upon students’ existing and emerging linguistic repertoires. The chapters in this volume provide an excellent representation of translanguaging work across the geographical diversity of TESOL contexts, as well as its diversity in terms of school settings, ages, levels, purposes, and pedagogical approaches.
Memory Optimization for Deep Networks

Deep learning is slowly, but steadily, hitting a memory bottleneck. While the tensor computation in top-of-the-line GPUs increased by 32x over the last five years, the total available memory only grew by 2.5x. This prevents researchers from exploring larger architectures, as training large networks requires more memory for storing intermediate outputs. In this paper, we present MONeT, an automatic framework that minimizes both the memory footprint and computational overhead of deep networks. MONeT jointly optimizes the checkpointing schedule and the implementation of various operators. MONeT is able to outperform all prior hand-tuned operations as well as automated checkpointing. MONeT reduces the overall memory requirement by 3x for various PyTorch models, with a 9-16% overhead in computation. For the same computation cost, MONeT requires 1.2-1.8x less memory than current state-of-the-art automated checkpointing frameworks. Our code is available at this https URL.
Fiber based laser ultrasound transducer for intravascular thrombolysis with detective photoacoustic imaging

Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis, or sonothrombolysis, has been actively investigated due to its relatively high efficiency and better safeness compared with traditional thrombolysis methods such as mechanical thrombectomy and pharmaceutical treatment. Most of the ultrasound devices, however, are fabricated with non-biocompatible materials and have limited intravascular application due to size and fabrication complexity. Besides, it is even more challenging to detect blood clot and monitor treatment progress with a traditional ultrasound device. Compared with traditional ultrasound transducer devices, the laser generated ultrasound (LGU) devices generate acoustic waves based on photoacoustic effect and can be made from biocompatible material, with simple fabrication process and controllable size. The same photoacoustic effect can be used for clot detection and treatment monitoring, as hemoglobin is one of the most commonly used endogenous chromophore in photoacoustic imaging. Therefore, in this paper, a fiber-based laser ultrasound transducer was designed and fabricated for the thrombolysis use. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging was also used to monitor the clot condition before and after the treatment
Abstract IA14: Increasing viral mimicry with vitamin C

Responses of MDS patients to DNA methylation inhibitors (DNMTis) is due in part to the induction of expression of transposable elements, particularly endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Induction of these transcripts leads to an innate immune response which may be responsible for the clinical efficacy of the drugs and we have called this “viral mimicry”. We investigated whether physiological concentrations of vitamin C given simultaneously with treatment with DNMTis would increase the expression of ERVs. The rationale being that the TET enzymes require vitamin C for their maximum activities, and we hypothesized that the induction of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine would stimulate the expression of these retroviruses. Experiments in culture showed that addition of vitamin C, strongly increases the expression of ERVs and increases the formation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during treatment. This is important since culture medium is mostly not supplemented with vitamin C. In more recent patient trials we have shown that responses to DNMTis may indeed be partially due to the induction of ERVs. Because we and others have shown that many patients in hematology clinics are severely vitamin C deficient, we are now exploring whether restoration of vitamin C levels to normal may potentiate the activities of the DNMTis. Preliminary data shows that oral administration of vitamin C increases the expression of ERVs and also the quantity of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in the DNA of circulating cells. We have now designed a prospective clinical trial to test these hypothesis and preliminary data will be presented. Citation Format: Peter A. Jones. Increasing viral mimicry with vitamin C [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Virtual Conference on Epigenetics and Metabolism; October 15-16, 2020; 2020 Oct 15-16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(23 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Neuroprotectin D1 Attenuates Blast Overpressure Induced Reactive Microglial Cells in the Cochlea

OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We examined a neuroinflammatory response associated with glial activation in the cochlea exposed to blast overpressure and evaluated the potential therapeutic efficacy of specialized pro-resolving mediators such as neuroprotectin D1, NPD1; (10R, 17S-dihydroxy-4Z, 7Z, 11E, 13E, 15Z, 19Z-docosahexaenoic acid) in a rodent blast-induced auditory injury model. STUDY DESIGN Animal Research. METHODS A compressed-air driven shock tube was used to expose anesthetized adult male Long-Evan rats to shock waves simulating an open-field blast exposure. Approximately 30 minutes after blast exposure, rats were treated with NPD1 (100 ng/kg body wt.) or vehicle delivered intravenously via tail vein injection. Rats were then euthanized 48 hours after blast exposure. Unexposed rats were included as controls. Tissue sections containing both middle and inner ear were prepared with hematoxylin-eosin staining to elucidate histopathological changes associated with blast exposure. Cochlear tissues were evaluated for relative expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor 1 (Iba1), as an indicator of microglial activation by immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses. RESULTS Our animal model resulted in an acute injury mechanism manifested by damage to the tympanic membrane, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increased expression of Iba1 protein. Moreover, therapeutic intervention with NPD1 significantly reduced Iba1 expression in the cochlea, suggesting a reduction of a neuroinflammatory response caused by blast overpressure. CONCLUSIONS Blast overpressure resulted in an increased expression of proteins involved in gliosis within the auditory system, which were reduced by NPD1. Treatment of NPD1 suggests an effective strategy to reduce or halt auditory microglial cell activation due to primary blast exposure. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2018-E2025, 2021.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF AUCTIONS VERSUS GRANDFATHERING TO ASSIGN POLLUTION PERMITS

We experimentally study auctions versus grandfathering in the initial assignment of pollution permits that can be traded in a secondary spot market. Low and high emitters compete for permits in the auction, while permits are assigned for free under grandfathering. In theory, trading in the spot market should erase inefficiencies due to initial mis-allocations. In the experiment, high emitters exercise market power in the spot market and permit holdings under grandfathering remain skewed towards high emitters. Furthermore, the opportunity costs of “free” permits are fully “passed through.” In the auction, the majority of permits are won by low emitters, reducing the need for spot-market trading. Auctions generate higher consumer surplus and slightly lower product prices in the laboratory markets. Moreover, auctions eliminate the large “windfall profits” that are observed in the treatment with free, grandfathered permit allocations.
Subversion of Host Innate Immunity by Rickettsia australis via a Modified Autophagic Response in Macrophages

We recently reported that the in vitro and in vivo survivals of Rickettsia australis are Atg5-dependent, in association with an inhibited level of anti-rickettsial cytokine, IL-1β. In the present study, we sought to investigate how R. australis interacts with host innate immunity via an Atg5-dependent autophagic response. We found that the serum levels of IFN-γ and G-CSF in R. australis-infected Atg5flox/flox Lyz-Cre mice were significantly less compared to Atg5flox/flox mice, accompanied by significantly lower rickettsial loads in tissues with inflammatory cellular infiltrations including neutrophils. R. australis infection differentially regulated a significant number of genes in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in an Atg5-depdent fashion as determined by RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, including genes in the molecular networks of IL-1 family cytokines and PI3K-Akt-mTOR. The secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6, by R. australis-infected Atg5flox/flox Lyz-Cre BMMs were significantly greater compared to infected Atg5flox/flox BMMs. Interestingly, R. australis significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K at a time when the autophagic response is induced. Rapamycin treatment nearly abolished the phosphorylated mTOR and P70S6K but did not promote significant autophagic flux during R. australis infection. These results highlight that R. australis modulates an Atg5-dependent autophagic response, which is not sensitive to regulation by mTORC1 signaling in macrophages. Overall, we demonstrate that R. australis counteracts host innate immunity including IL-1β-dependent inflammatory response to support the bacterial survival via an mTORC1-resistant autophagic response in macrophages.
Review of supply chain management within project management

Abstract Supply chain management (SCM) adoption in a project-based environment brings substantial benefits but requires careful planning and execution. The current research examines a number of publications that are relevant to both SCM and project management in project management journals. First, we identify the key antecedents of successful SCM implementation in a project-based environment. Then we category these factors into four main areas, namely, IT integration, organizational coordination, risk management, and supply chain resilience and complexity. Third, we explore inter-relationships among these factors through a comprehensive literature review. A broad and enhanced understanding of the conceptual integration of SCM with project management is provided by exploring application areas outside the more common integration domain of the construction industry. This research presents and interprets this integration using a systemigram that visually illustrates a SCM strategy adoption pathway and depicts the complex procedures in an understandable manner.
Social dominance has limited effects on spatial cognition in a wild food-caching bird.

Social dominance has long been used as a model to investigate social stress. However, many studies using such comparisons have been performed in captive environments. These environments may produce...
Interaction Between Opioid and Chemokine Receptors in Immune Cells: Implications for HIV Infection

There are three opioid receptors, designated μ-, κ-, and δ-opioid receptors, and these are known to be expressed on certain neuronal and hematopoietic cells. Reports from a number of laboratories have made it clear that a significant degree of cross-talk exists between the opioid receptors and the chemokine and chemokine receptor families. For example, the opioid receptors are known to regulate the expression of a number of chemokines and chemokine receptors, including those that possess strong proinflammatory activity. In addition, currently, there is well-documented cross-talk between the opioid receptors and some of the chemokine receptors at the level of protein function. This allows the opioids, by activating one or more of the opioid receptors, to selectively cross-desensitize chemokine receptors and regulate chemokine function. The consequences of this cross-talk for the function of the immune nervous systems are discussed.
The Organization of Eastern Caribbean States-An Important Milestone in Sub-regional Integration

The history of integration and the functional cooperation process in the Eastern Caribbean began in 1962. Following the dissolution of the West Indies Federation, the political leaders of Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent met in 1962 with the United Kingdom's Secretary of State and Officials of the Colonial Office in London to discuss plans for the formation of a federation of the eight countries.1 The Conference decided that the Premier of Barbados and the Chief Ministers of the other territories (or their nominees) would constitute the Regional Council of Ministers of the Eastern Caribbean States (the Regional Council) chaired by the Governor of Barbados. The Regional Council's purpose was to consider any problem of common interest to the eight territories concerned in connection with the setting up of the new Federation.
Extracellular Lipids of Cladosporium (Amorphotheca) resinae Growth on Glucose or on n-Alkanes

Cladosporium (Amorphotheca) resinae was grown in shake culture on glucose, n-dodecane, or n-hexadecane. Growth was most rapid on glucose, and more acid accumulated in the medium than in n-alkane-grown cultures. Neutral lipid was the major lipid fraction and triglycerides were the only extracellular neutral lipids detected. Dodecanoic (lauir) acid was the predominant fatty acid (greater than 60%) in neutral lipids from all three media, with lesser amounts of tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids. Extracellular phospholipids identified were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin or a cardiolipin-like compound. Phospholipids from all three media contained dodecanoic acid as their principle fatty acid. Dodecanoic acid was the only extracellular free fatty acid detected. Glucose medium contained acetic, glyoxylic, and glycolic acids and an unidentified organic acid which may contribute to the lower pH in cultures after growth on glucose. In all classes of extracellular lipids the fatty acids do not correspond to the fatty acids previously determined to be associated with cellular lipids. Moreover, the fatty acids of extracellular lipids do not reflect the chain length of the n-alkane growth substrate.
The Psychology of Shame: Theory and Treatment of Shame-Based Syndromes

In this classic volume, Kaufman synthesizes object relations theory, interpersonal theory, and, in particular, Silvan Tompkins's affect theory, to provide a powerful and multidimensional view of shame. Using his own clinical experience, he illustrates the application of affect theory to general classes of shame-based syndromes including compulsive; schizoid, depressive, and paranoid; sexual dysfunction; splitting; and sociopathic. This second edition includes two new chapters in which Dr. Kaufman presents shame as a societal dynamic and shows its impact on culture. He examines the role of shame in shaping the evolving identity of racial, ethnic, and religious minorities, and expands his theory of governing scenes. This new edition will continue to be of keen interest to clinical psychiatrists as well as graduate students.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Metabolic Syndrome

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a constellation of diseases ranging from benign liver steatosis to fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Its incidence is on the rise in parallel to obesity. Its clinico-pathogenesis is associated with metabolic syndrome. Accumulation of fat in liver constitutes its mechanistic basis. With liver steatosis being mechanistically linked to insulin action, it is natural to associate NAFLD with insulin resistance. However, this notion has not been universally held, largely because of the limited availability of animal models that best replicate the human disease. This review will emphasize novel mechanisms linking NAFLD pathogenesis to the Carcino-Embryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a protein that is implicated in the regulation of insulin and lipid metabolism in liver.
Introduction: Artists in Dialogue

I have long thought of the essays published in Philosophy of Education as “artists’ sketches.” These are the preliminary, more focused but often less detailed, studies an artist does of figures, objects, or compositions before launching into a fullscale treatment of a subject. Not every sketch makes its way into a finished work, a work that is commissioned for display. But every sketch contributes to the artist’s capability to complete the work imagined.
Pharmacy in the American Civil War.

The role of pharmacists and the process of military drug supply in the American Civil War are described. Most raw drugs used in the United States in the mid-1800s were imported. During the Civil War, imports into the North continued, but the Union blockade forced the Confederacy to obtain medicines through means such as smuggling, capture of enemy supplies, and processing of indigenous medicinal plants. Medical supplies for Civil War troops were typically purchased by military physicians called medical purveyors and sometimes by pharmacists serving as acting medical purveyors. In the latter half of the war, U.S. Army medical laboratories, in which many pharmacists were employed, inspected purchases, repackaged supplies bought in bulk, and manufactured medicines from raw materials. The Confederacy also had medical laboratories, which were primarily responsible for manufacturing medicines from indigenous plant material but also inspected drugs that had been smuggled into the South. At a few large Union medical depots, pharmacists called medical storekeepers assumed many of the responsibilities of medical purveyors by receiving, storing, issuing, and accounting for supplies. Noncommissioned officers called hospital stewards assumed diverse duties that included dispensing drugs prescribed by military physicians. Although many hospital stewards were pharmacists or physicians, others had no previous pharmaceutical experience. Civilian pharmacists were employed in the medical laboratories and in military general hospitals. Pharmacists participated in nearly every aspect of military drug supply during the Civil War.
XANES evidence against a manganyl species in the S3 state of the oxygen-evolving complex

Manganyl MnO species have been suggested as possible intermediates in photosynthetic water oxidation and as the reactive species in asymmetric olefin epoxidation. The first X-ray absorption spectrum for a MnVO complex is reported. Comparison of the EXAFS data for Na[MnVO(HMPAB) with those for lower-valent Mn complexes suggests that EXAFS measurements and edge-energy measurements are unlikely to have sufficient sensitivity to reliably reflect the presence of MnO species. In contrast, the preedge transition for Na[MnVO(HMPAB) is 4-fold more intense than the most intense preedge transition observed for nonmanganyl complexes. This increase in intensity is shown to be sufficiently sensitive to allow detection of a manganyl species if it is formed. These data together with published data for the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex provide strong evidence against the presence of manganyl MnO species in the oxygen-evolving complex through the S3 state.
Modeling economic interactions between microgrids and electric utilities: A regulator's perspective

This paper considers the potential development of a microgrid in a market served by a vertically integrated electric utility, regulated based on cost of service. The interaction among the utility, the microgrid developer and consumers potentially representing the microgrid's load is assessed in the framework of cooperative game theory, assuming exchangeable utility. We present scenarios based on different underlying assumptions, showing when microgrid development might be beneficial and how it would affect market prices, costs and benefits to the various parties in the network. We also discuss possible regulatory tools that could be used to align private objectives with social welfare maximization.
Quantum Mechanical Approach to Solvent Effects on the Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles and Their Efficiency As Excitation Energy Transfer Acceptors

We present a time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) investigation of the solvent effect on the light absorption of metal nanoparticles and on their efficiency as excitation energy transfer (EET) acceptors from organic dyes. The calculations consider both the dye and the metal particle at quantum-mechanical (QM) level, thus including quantum size effects. The results are compared to those of a second method that exploits a continuous dielectric model for the metal nanoparticle while keeping the same QM level for the dye. Both methods use the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for the solvent. The comparison of these two approaches for gold and silver nanoparticles has clarified how their different electronic nature specifically couples with the solvent and leads to different optical properties and EET efficiency. Moreover, a critical comparison of the QM results with the popular Forster approach to EET has been performed, quantifying the inherent limitations of the latter for dye-nanoparticle EET ...
Bleeding-Avoidance Strategies and Outcomes in Patients ≥80 Years of Age With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the NCDR CathPCI Registry)

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of bleeding-avoidance strategies (BAS) and risk-adjusted bleeding over time in patients ≥80 years of age undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We analyzed data from the CathPCI Registry from July 1, 2006 through June 30, 2009. Patients were included if they were ≥80 years old, presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and underwent primary PCI. We evaluated trends in use of BAS (direct thrombin inhibitors, vascular closure devices, and radial access) and risk-adjusted bleeding over time. Of 10,469 patients ≥80 years old undergoing primary PCI, 1,002, (9.6%) developed a bleeding complication. Use of direct thrombin inhibitors and vascular closure devices increased over time (12.8% to 24.9% and 29.2% to 32.7%, p
Measuring hypnotic responsiveness: a comparison of the Barber Suggestibility Scale and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A.

Abstract The Barber Suggestibility Scale (BSS) and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form A (SHSS:A) were administered, under both imagination and hypnotic-induction instructions, to 2 samples of 40 high-school students. The 2 scales were sufficiently correlated (.62 to .78, for objective and subjective scores) to indicate that, in general, they measure responses in the same broad domain. There is, however, a greater discrepancy between objective and subjective scores on the BSS than on the SHSS:A. The subjective scores are not independent of the objective scores, but correct the objective scores for pressure toward social compliance. Both scales are satisfactory for preliminary S-selection but limited as criteria for the range of hypnotic responsiveness.
Excretion and tissue distribution of radioactivity from tritium-labeled T-2 toxin in chicks.

Abstract The excretion and distribution of radioactivity in 6-week-old broiler chicks intubated with a single dose of 3-3H-labeled T-2 toxin were investigated during the 48-h period after dosing. Chicks excreted 6.7, 20.7, 42.1, 60.5,and 81.6% of the recovered radioactivity at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contained 88.8, 74.0, 63.3, 38.0, 26.9, and 10.4% of the recovered radioactivity at 0.5, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hr, respectively. The abdominal fat and heart contained the least amount of radioactivity among those tissues analyzed. The radioactivity from 3H-labeled T-2 toxin reached a maximum concentration 4 hr after dosing in most tissues except for the muscle, skin, and bile; in the latter tissues, the maximum radioactivity was attained at 12 hr. The specific radioactivities (disintegrations per minute per milligram of tissue) of the blood, muscle, skin, and heart were similar throughout the 48 hr period. The bile, including the gall bladder, contained the highest specific radioactivity among organs and tissues (except GI tract) during the 48 hr period. The edible portions of the carcass contained 0.06 and 0.04 ppm of T-2 or its metabolites at 24 and 48 hr, respectively after dosing with 0.5 mg of T-2/kg body weight. The patterns of distribution and excretion suggest that T-2 toxin and/or its metabolites are excreted into the intestine through the bile and that the liver is a major organ for excretion of the toxin.
Ob/Gyn Residency Programs: How Will We Train Primary Care Physicians? How Will We Document it?.

Abstract This study's objective was to determine how primary care data can be incorporated into residency data collection efforts to document primary care training in light of the specialty's current direction. A survey was sent to program directors of 272 accredited residency programs in the United States and Canada to assess resident data collection. The survey included a determination of methods for accurately collecting primary care data. As part of the larger grant funded residency data collection project for our department, we developed a paperless closed loop data collection system that included standard ob/gyn primary care related procedure and diagnosis specific data. Of the 272 accredited programs surveyed, 144 (52.9%) responded. Only 8.3% (12) of program directors indicated having a method for collecting any primary care data. Using our new data collection system over a 6-month period, our program was able to document primary care encounters such as smoking cessation, nutrition counseling, and immunizations. Based on these data, it would be possible to adjust either the program or an individual resident's clinical experience. As increasing numbers of residency programs begin to incorporate primary care into their training programs, the ability to record patient encounters in a database including hypertension, diabetes, substance abuse, smoking cessation, general health screening, wellness counseling, and other non-gynecologic problems will be crucial to document primary care training. Similarly, such procedures as immunizations, breast aspirations, and sigmoidoscopy could be documented.
Multiple agents maximum collection problem with time dependent rewards

In this paper, we study Multiple Agents Maximum Collection Problem with Time Dependent Rewards (MAMCP-TDR) which is a variant of Multiple Tour Maximum Collection Problem (MTMCP) (Butt & Cavalier, 1994). In MAMCP-TDR, there are multiple agents to collect linearly decreasing rewards over time. The objective is to maximize total surplus (total reward collected minus total travel cost) by routing multiple agents from a central depot. We propose a mathematical formulation for the problem. Since the problem is strongly NP-hard, we develop a heuristic algorithm, called Cluster-and-Route Algorithm (CRA), to find near-optimal solutions. In CRA, first we cluster the targets/rewards using the well-known k-means clustering algorithm. Then, we find tours by solving a single agent problem for each cluster. To solve the single agent problem, we propose several routing algorithms. Finally, we implement several improvement ideas to improve the final solution. We conduct computational experiments on randomly generated instances and instances of a related problem in the literature to test the performance of routing algorithms for single agent case and the CRA for MAMCP-TDR in terms of solution time and solution quality. Compared to the mathematical formulation, we conclude that CRA provides solutions with similar quality for small instances and performs significantly better both in terms of solution time and solution quality on medium and large instances.