cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of the tasks characteristics in physical performance and psychosocial aspects of workers

The work and life conditions have influence on the health and life quality of workers. Physically active persons can demonstrate a life style that are and affect the physical performance, psychosocial aspects and work capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical activity level and work capacity in different tasks characteristics, one with more physical exertion and other with more cognitive exertion. A total of 193 workers from an institution of higher education and 457 workers from a metallurgical industry participated in the current study. All participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short) and Work Ability Index (WAI). The results indicated that both groups were classified as having high level of physical activity while only few of them were considered sedentary (less than 27%). However, the group of metallurgical workers had greater indices (82%) than the workers from higher education institution (74%). Overall, the workers reported their work ability as moderate to excellent, suggesting that overall they are satisfied with their working and health conditions. It can be concluded that even though workers performed tasks with different demands (cognitive versus physical), they demonstrated similar level of physical activity as well as work ability.
New copper binding components of blood plasma (992.1)

It has been assumed for some time that the main Cu-containing proteins in blood plasma are ceruloplasmin (Cp), albumin and transcuprein/a2-macroglobulin, Cp being the main ferroxidase (Fx) implicated in mediating efflux of iron from certain cells. Recent studies in our laboratory suggest the picture is much more complex, and that other known and unknown factors containing Cu are still to be identified. We had previously shown in mice that knocking out Cp only knocked down plasma Fx activity by half. We now have evidence that knocking out hephaestin (Hp) a membrane-tethered Cp-homologue reduces plasma Fx activity and a peak in the Cu profile obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), indicating that solubilized Hp may be entering the circulation. Also, a patient with twice normal level of plasma Cu but Cp protein in the normal range had twice normal levels of Fx activity, suggesting that ratios of holo to apo-Cp were elevated or that another Fx increased in response to the contraceptives. Use of the ...
Large-signal analysis of a DC-DC buck power converter operating with constant power load

The dynamic properties of the buck converter operating with a constant power load are studied in this paper. This configuration is present in DC-DC converters feeding power converters tightly regulated in multi-converter power electronics systems. The dynamic behavior of converters loaded by constant power loads differs from the behavior of converters loaded by resistors or current generators. The purpose of this paper is to address the closed-loop behavior of the buck converter feeding a constant power load. Based on a comprehensive large-signal analysis of the converter, the basin of attraction of the equilibrium point is defined. This region, in general, excludes the low range of the output voltage affecting the transient stability, forcing proper coordination between the converter and loads during start-up.
Housing the Stranger in the Mediterranean World: Conclusion A changing world: new peoples and institutions in the early modern Mediterranean

Over the centuries – from the pandocheion in the Gospel of Luke to the fondacos in the Decameron of Boccaccio – one word evolved into many and one institution spawned an extended family of related institutions. As in any family, these institutions grew apart from each other over time and distance, and far-flung branches came to look quite different from one another. In most cases, however, their common ties remained recognizable, and were even acknowledged by the medieval merchants and travelers who encountered these hostels, colonies, and warehouses around the Mediterranean. Funduqs and fondacos thrived in all the major Mediterranean cities, in both Christian and Muslim regions (with the exception of Byzantium), throughout the medieval period. This institutional group always retained a fundamentally Mediterranean character. Despite its broad diffusion across political, religious, and linguistic frontiers, it only established firm roots in areas close to this sea. A shared culture of trade and travel in the medieval Mediterranean world supported the ubiquitous distribution of these institutions. In their turn, pandocheions, funduqs , and fondacos facilitated the travel and business activities of merchants, pilgrims, and other wayfarers. Pandocheions took in guests from all walks of life, and were thus shared spaces familiar to pagans, Jews, and Christians throughout the eastern Mediterranean in late antiquity. After the seventh century, the presence of funduqs and khāns in cities throughout the Dār al-Islām came to define the very identity of these urban centers as “cities,” and these hostels promoted the development of an extensive commercial network linking all regions of the medieval Muslim world.
An active magnetic bearing with high T(sub c) superconducting coils and ferromagnetic cores

A proof-of-feasibility demonstration showed that high-Tc superconductor (HTS) coils can be used in a high-load, active magnetic bearing in LN2. A homopolar radial bearing with commercially wound HTS (Bi 2223) bias and control coils produced over 890 N (200 lb) radial load capacity (measured nonrotating) and supported a shaft to 14000 rpm. The goal was to show that HTS coils can operate stably with ferromagnetic cores in a feedback controlled system at a current density similar to that for Cu in LN2.
Inhibition of β-Glucosidase by N-(n-Hexyl)-O-glucosylsphingosine in Cell Strains of Neurological Origin

Abstract N-(n-Hexyl)-O-glucosylsphingosine completely inhibited β-glucosidase in cultured rat astrocytoma (RGC-6) and mouse neuroblastoma cell strains (NB41A and NB2a), creating a model for the infantile Gaucher nervous system. The inhibitor, at a concentration of 5 µg per ml, caused a 5-fold elevation of glucosylceramide in RGC-6 and a 6-fold elevation in NB41A cells. Under these conditions the growth rates of cells were unaffected. Other lysosomal enzymes were only depressed to approximately 80% of normal with the exception of β-glucuronidase (37% of normal); such reductions would not be anticipated to cause abnormal pathology and none was observed. Studies with glucosyl[14C]ceramide (labeled in the stearoyl moiety) showed that the glycolipid was rapidly taken up from the medium. In the presence of the β-glucosidase inhibitor the uptake of glucosylceramide was reduced in NB2a, NB41A, and RGC-6 cells, and in the latter two cell strains no subsequent catabolism could be detected. Studies with more complex glycolipids, such as gangliosides, showed that they were readily taken up and metabolized and that catabolism was not affected by the inhibitor. This was interpreted as evidence for two β-glucosidases, one which utilizes free glucosylceramide and is deficient in Gaucher's disease and the other which acts as an integral part of a multienzyme complex for the degradation of complex glycolipids and has normal activity in Gaucher's disease. Results indicated that specific catabolic reactions may be inhibited by substrate analogs to simulate the pathology of certain genetic diseases in neurons and glia in tissue culture.
Improving Wait-Free Algorithms for Interprocess Communication in Embedded Real-Time Systems

Concurrency management is a basic requirement for interprocess communication in any multitasking system. This usually takes the form of lock-based or other blocking algorithms. In real-time and/or time-sensitive systems, the less-predictable timing behavior of lock-based mechanisms and the additional task-execution dependency make synchronization undesirable. Recent research has provided non-blocking and wait-free algorithms for interprocess communication, particularly in the domain of single-writer, multiple-reader semantics, but these algorithms typically incur high costs in terms of computation or space complexity, or both. In this paper, we propose a general transformation mechanism that takes advantage of temporal characteristics of the system to reduce both time and space overheads of current single-writer, multiple-reader algorithms. We show a 17–66% execution time reduction along with a 14– 70% memory space reduction when three wait-free algorithms are improved by applying our transformation. We present three new algorithms for wait-free, single-writer, multiple-reader communication along with detailed performance evaluation of nine algorithms under various experimental conditions.
U. S. Fusion Energy Future

Fusion implementation scenarios for the United States have been developed. The dependence of these scenarios on both the fusion development and implementation paths has been assessed. A range of im...
Landscape-Level Interactions Among Ungulates, Vegetation, and Large-Scale Fires in Northern Yellowstone National Park

The scale of the 1988 fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) raised numerous questions for the management of natural areas subject to large, infrequent disturbances. An important management issue in YNP involves the interaction of large-scale fire with the large assemblage of native ungulates and vegetation dynamics in the landscape. In this 2-year research project, we are using landscape modeling and field studies to address basic questions about the effects of fire scale and heterogeneity on (1) resource utilization and survival of free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) and bison (Bison bison) and (2) the production and regeneration of preferred forage grasses and aspen in northern YNP. We are testing a series of eight hypotheses within the framework of two basic questions. First, we ask whether there are thresholds in fire size that interact with winter severity and ungulate density to determine ungulate resource use and survival on the winter range in northern YNP. This question focuses on the effects of fire size, regardless of the spatial pattern of burning. Second we ask, if large fires occur, does the spatial distribution of burned areas (and hence of higher quality forage) influence ungulate resource use during winters subsequent to the first post-fire year. In this question, we are addressing the effects of spatial pattern on herbivory. We focus on elk and bison because these are by far the most numerous ungulates in the area (Houston 1982), and we have chosen to examine winter grazing and browsing for several reasons. Winter range conditions are the primary determinant of ungulate survival and reproduction in Yellowstone, and winter utilization of the vegetation by ungulates appears to be intense in some areas. Ungulates make distinct foraging choices in the winter as in the rest of the year, and burn patterns may influence those choices in ways that we represent as hypotheses described later. In addition, the activities of animals can be readily monitored in the winter, and the exact locations of feeding and bedding sites can be determined. Travel routes are easily monitored, and the ability to sight animals is high; therefore, group locations and sizes can be readily determined. This research complements ongoing studies in YNP by expanding the spatial scale at which plant-herbivore dynamics are considered and by explicitly addressing the effects of spatial heterogeneity. Our research will produce a spatially explicit simulation model of the 78,000 ha winter range that predicts plant and ungulate dynamics under varying fire sizes, fire patterns, winter weather scenarios, and ungulate densities. The model and field studies will allow quantitative comparisons of the effects of large and small fires on ungulate survival and will thereby permit the simulation of the effects of alternative fire management scenarios.
Engineering Methods for the Assessment of Ductile Fracture Margin in Nuclear Power Plant Piping

When a crack is discovered during inspection of a piping component in a nuclear power plant, the decision on replacement is dependent on the available design margin of the pipe in the presence of the crack. This paper describes the development of engineering methods to assess the design margin in cracked pipes. Procedures are outlined to evaluate cracks in piping, using methods consistent with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Code design basis, and to develop failure diagrams for piping. A criterion based on net section collapse is shown to predict adequately the load capability of piping with cracks. The predictions of the net section collapse approach are shown to be consistent with results from elastic-plastic fracture analysis based on J-integral and R-curve methods. Finally, the methodology is used to recommend acceptance criteria for flaws in power plant piping. The proposed criteria assure that the minimum safety margins inherent in the ASME Code are preserved during operation. Since allowable flaw sizes can be determined using information already available in piping stress reports, the proposed criteria offer a simple conservative method for assessing flaws in piping.
Effective Stimulus Parameters for Directed Locomotion in Madagascar Hissing Cockroach Biobot

Swarms of insects instrumented with wireless electronic backpacks have previously been proposed for potential use in search and rescue operations. Before deploying such biobot swarms, an effective long-term neural-electric stimulus interface must be established, and the locomotion response to various stimuli quantified. To this end, we studied a variety of pulse types (mono- vs. bipolar; voltage- vs. current-controlled) and shapes (amplitude, frequency, duration) to parameters that are most effective for evoking locomotion along a desired path in the Madagascar hissing cockroach (G. portentosa) in response to antennal and cercal stimulation. We identified bipolar, 2 V, 50 Hz, 0.5 s voltage controlled pulses as being optimal for evoking forward motion and turns in the expected contraversive direction without habituation in ≈50% of test subjects, a substantial increase over ≈10% success rates previously reported. Larger amplitudes for voltage (1–4 V) and current (50–150 μA) pulses generally evoked larger forward walking (15.6–25.6 cm; 3.9–5.6 cm/s) but smaller concomitant turning responses (149 to 80.0 deg; 62.8 to 41.2 deg/s). Thus, the radius of curvature of the initial turn-then-run locomotor response (≈10–25 cm) could be controlled in a graded manner by varying the stimulus amplitude. These findings could be used to help optimize stimulus protocols for swarms of cockroach biobots navigating unknown terrain.
The velocity of seismic waves near the earth's center

A double velocity jump in the Earth's core entails a PKP travel-time curve with two lengthy branches extending back from 143°. The later branch is associated with the PKIKP phase. The earlier branch arises from waves, here designated PKHKP , which are refracted through the intermediate shell. Theoretical travel-time curves for PKP and SKS in possible Earth models with tripartite cores are presented. It is shown that the PKHKP branch provides an explanation for precursors to PKIKP observed at epicentral distances between 123° and 140°. Observations of waves predicted by the portion of this branch from 148° to 156° have been also reported. The SKS curve is examined in the light of some 550 SKS observations in the range 85° < Δ < 145°. The study provides evidence that there is in the core a discrete shell with thickness of order 420 kms and with a mean P velocity near 10.31 km/sec. This shell surrounds the inner core having mean radius 1220 kms and mean P velocity 11.22 km/sec, approximately. The material of the intermediate shell is not likely to have marked rigidity. The inner core is likely to be solid; published times for PKJKP waves may be, however, too small by several minutes.
O.p'-DDT causes growth of an androgen-dependent gland in Coturnix quail.

O,p′-DDT injected into adult castrated male quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stimulated growth of the proctodeal (foam) gland, a structure that is androgen but not estrogen responsive, indicating that this pesticide constituent, in addition to its known estrogenic actions, is also androgenic.
The impact of climate change on the global wine industry: Challenges & solutions

This paper explores the impact of climate change upon the global production of winegrapes and wine. It includes a review of the literature on the cause and effects of climate change, as well as illustrations of the specific challenges global warming may bring to the production of winegrapes and wine. More importantly, this paper provides some practical solutions that industry professionals can take to mitigate and adapt to the coming change in both vineyards and wineries.
The Human Resource Economics of Vernon Briggs

In the growing search for alternatives to the narrower versions of mainstream economic theory, the author celebrates the work of an earlier institutional economist, Vernon Briggs. Briggs's "human resource economics" draws from a variety of fields and emphasizes the importance of human capital to general prosperity. But Briggs brings a granular analysis to what, in much economic theory, can be a misleading abstraction. His economics is also unabashedly normative-an attempt to tell policymakers how to make the economy work.
On the finite approximation of a Gaussian process and its effect on extreme value theory

Abstract The finite approximation of a Gaussian process is incorporated throughout a variety of engineering applications. Central to the marine industry is the reconstruction of a stochastic seaway using a finite number of Fourier components. When coupled with Monte-Carlo methods, a pragmatic approach is often taken to determine an appropriate number of Fourier components. In this paper, an analytical solution to the probability distribution of a finite summation of sinusoids with identical amplitudes is developed and then extended to the general case. The resulting probability distribution is then evaluated through the context of extreme value theory and compared to that of a true Gaussian process. As might be expected, the finite approximation underpredicts the theoretical value by an often significant margin. The relative magnitude of this deviation, however, provides a theoretical basis for readily determining a sufficiency condition for the number of Fourier components to be used in any specific application.
Abstract B70: A conditional aromatase over-expressing in the mammary gland transgenic mouse as a potential model in cancer prevention research

Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008 B70 Background Breast cancer develops as genetic changes accumulate in the ductal epithelium giving rise to precursor lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasias, which may progress to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and eventually invasive breast cancer. This progress is promoted by estrogens. Estrogens are biosynthesized from androgens by the aromatase enzyme. Estrogen is required for the proliferation and morphogenesis of the normal mammary gland; however, studies suggest that estrogen and its metabolites may have mutagenic and carcinogenic potential in the mammary gland. Therefore, it is highly valuable to have mouse models with increased local estrogen production to use to develop optimal therapeutic and chemopreventive strategies to treat these lesions. Purpose The purpose of this work is to develop a conditional transgenic mouse model that would provide an in vivo method of controlling the spatial and temporal regulation of aromatase expression. Methodology The transgenic mouse model was developed by using two transgenes. One transgene is composed of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat (MMTV-LTR) linked to sequences encoding the tetracycline responsive reverse transactivator (rtTA). The other transgene has a tetracycline responsive promoter (tet-op) linked to sequences encoding the human aromatase (MMTV-rtTA/tet-op-Arom). Mammary glands were collected at 4 months of age for morphological, histological, and gene expression studies in both MMTV-rtTA/tet-op-Arom and wild-type mice. Results RT-PCR analysis of aromatase mRNA shows that the gene is conditionally expressed in the mammary gland as compared to control mice. The mammary glands were evaluated for morphological changes using confocal microscopy, whole-mount and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Preliminary data at 4 months of age shows that overexpressing aromatase in the mammary gland leads to developmental abnormalities, abnormal ductal growth and increased ductal density. Gene expression studies will be performed to evaluate additional markers of proliferation, survival, and differentiation. This model is being cross-bred to our conditional overexpression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the mammary gland (CERM) model. CERM mice are an established tool for investigation of mechanisms involved in progression and regression of ERα-induced mammary hyperplasia and DCIS. Conclusion The novel CERM/tet-op-aromatase mouse model (CERM/Arom) is being developed to model more closely the human breast with expression of both ERα and aromatase in mammary tissue. This model can be utilized to evaluate agents to prevent carcinogenesis in the presence of aromatase over-expression in the mammary gland at specific times during development. This research is supported by the Susan G. Komen for the Cure Postodoctoral Fellowship Award KG080359 and the NIH National Cancer Institute Grant R01CA112176. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B70.
Effects of water exchange on the measurement of myocardial perfusion using paramagnetic contrast agents

To investigate the effects of water exchange on quantification of perfusion, data were acquired in isolated hearts (n = 11) and used to develop a model of exchange. Myocardial T 1 was measured 3 times/sec during step changes in concentration of intravascular (polylysine-gadolinium-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid) and extracellular (gadoteridol) agents. For the intravascular agent, the change in 1/T 1 (ΔR 1 ) was lower than predicted by fast exchange (2.7 ± 0.5 vs. 7.8 sec -1 , respectively), and suggested an intra-extravascular exchange rate of 3 Hz. For the extracellular agent, contrast kinetics were similar to those of similarly sized molecules (wash-in time constant 38 ± 5 sec), and the data suggested fast interstitial-cellular exchange. Modeling showed that perfusion is underestimated for both agents if exchange is ignored, although the relationships of measured to actual perfusion were monotonic. We conclude that myocardial water exchange strongly affects first-pass enhancement but that ignoring the effects of exchange may still provide reasonable estimates of regional perfusion differences.
Preliminary report on a hemagglutination test for entamoebae.

SummaryAntigens prepared from E. invadens and E. histolytica, DKB strain grown in monomicrobial culture with T. cruzi in Phillips' medium have demonstrated high sensitivity and been used successfully in reciprocal hemagglutination tests with specific antisera prepared in rabbits. The antigen prepared from E. histolytica has also been used in both the hemagglutination test and the complement fixation test employing sera from individuals with and without amebiasis. In the hemagglutination test 98% of the former were positive while only 2% of the latter sera were positive. Sera from “carriers” most of whom lived in the tropics, gave 68% positive correlation.
QSAR and k-Nearest Neighbor Classification Analysis of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors Using Topologically-Based Numerical Descriptors

Experimental IC50 data for 314 selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used to develop quantitation and classification models as a potential screening mechanism for larger libraries of target compounds. Experimental log(IC50) values ranged from 0.23 to ≥ 5.00. Numerical descriptors encoding solely topological information are calculated for all structures and are used as inputs for linear regression, computational neural network, and classification analysis routines. Evolutionary optimization algorithms are then used to search the descriptor space for information-rich subsets which minimize the rms error of a diverse training set of compounds. An eight-descriptor model was identified as a robust predictor of experimental log(IC50) values, producing a root-mean-square error of 0.625 log units for an external prediction set of inhibitors which took no part in model development. A k-nearest neighbor classification study of the data set discriminating between active and inactive members produced a ni...
Multivariate model for predicting recurrence in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Abstract Purpose Risk factors that predispose children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) to recurrence remain poorly defined. We report a large series of recurrent CDH and ask whether prenatal patient factors or postnatal treatment variables better predict recurrence. Methods Two hundred thirty-eight neonates with unilateral CDH underwent repair from 1990 to 2006. Data were assessed by χ 2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariate regression identified independent predictors of recurrence. Statistical significance was set at P Results We identified 24 recurrences (10%). Median time from repair to recurrence diagnosis was 4.9 months. Patients with recurrence were older ( P = .02) and more often required abdominal wall patches at initial repair ( P = .01) compared to nonrecurrence patients. Postoperative length of stay (LOS) after initial repair ( P P = .01) were greater in recurrence patients. Use of diaphragm patch at initial repair was greater in patients with recurrence but only approached statistical significance ( P = .05). Only 2 variables independently predicted recurrence by multivariate regression as follows: abdominal (not diaphragm) wall patch during initial repair (odds ratio [OR] 3.50; P = .04) and postoperative LOS (OR, 1.012; P = .01). Conclusion Neonates at risk for CDH recurrence are better identified by postnatal treatment variables than by prenatal patient factors. Although age at repair and diaphragm patch use are greater in recurrence patients, the only factors to independently predict recurrence were postoperative LOS and abdominal wall patch use. These data can help optimize follow-up regimens.
A Two Level Trigger Selector for a High Mass Di-Muon Experiment

The entire electronic trigger system for a large experiment has been designed and constructed specifically for that experiment. The only commercial logic used was for monitoring, primarily scalers. This was not entirely by choice. The needed logic functions were not available, and the number of discriminator, delay, and latch channels required made using standard NIM logic modules an unpleasant solution. As built, the entire system, including power supplies, a NIM bin and a CAMAC crate for monitoring and control, fits easily in 3 relay racks. These racks are located in the experimental hall, near the experiment, and are accessible only via CAMAC when the beam is on. All functions of the system are programmed with special CAMAC modules.
Cerebellum estimates the sensory state of the body

A recent neurophysiology study provides data from the cerebellar vermis/nodulus, where neurons encode translation of the head, even when these translations are induced via an illusion. These data provide new neurophysiological evidence that the cerebellum is important for computations involving internal models of motion, estimating the state of the body.
Campylobacter gastritis simulating Menetrier's disease by upper gastrointestinal radiography

Within this decade it has been determined that primary gastritis in both children and adults is frequently associated with infection of the gastric mucosa withCampylobacter pylori. It is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process in which the mucosa of the gastric antrum is typically most severely involved. Other regions of the stomach may be involved and associated peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenal bulb are frequent. A case ofC. pylori gastritis is reported in which involvement of the gastric fundus and body produced severe rugal hypertrophy that resembled Menetrier's disease.
Brain high energy phosphate responses to alcohol exposure in neonatal rats: an in vivo 31P-NMR study.

Background: The mechanisms that mediate fetal brain injury which results from maternal alcohol consumption are not well understood. Although fetal hypoxia is a popularly proposed mechanism, it has been difficult to assess brain oxygenation in vivo. We measured intracellular high energy phosphate concentrations and estimated intracellular pH (pH i ) in brains of unanesthetized neonatal rat pups by using in vivo 31 P-NMR spectroscopy. We reasoned that decreases in brain oxygenation sufficient to result in brain injury would also reduce high energy phosphates and pH i . Methods: On postnatal day 4, before alcohol administration, pups were placed into a 20 mm diameter NMR probe, their heads were positioned carefully in the center of the 31 P detection coil, and spectra were collected over 20 min. Animals were then fed diet with or without 4.5 g/kg of ethanol in two (in succession) of 12 daily feedings via artificial rearing methods. A second spectrum was collected at 90 min after the beginning of the second alcohol feeding, at the time that coincided with the peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Identical feedings were performed daily until day 9, when pre- and postfeeding spectra were again obtained. Positive control groups were fed control diet and were studied in atmospheres of 5% oxygen, 95% nitrogen or 0% oxygen, 100% nitrogen. Results: Phosphocreatine (PCr), β-adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and pH i decreased and inorganic phosphate (P i ) increased in day 4 animals subjected to 0% oxygen (20 min) compared with pretreatment and all other treatment groups. Day 9 animals did not tolerate these conditions. There were no significant changes in response to 5% oxygen on day 4, but P, increased and β-ATP decreased compared with pretreatment values and compared with alcohol and control groups on day 9. There were no changes in PCr, β-ATP, or pH, in response to alcohol treatment at either age. PCr was significantly increased in the alcohol and 5% oxygen groups and apparently increased in the control group on day 9 compared with day 4, most likely due to increases in cranial muscle mass within the NMR coil. Conclusions: We conclude that acute alcohol exposure that results in peak BACs of 315 mg/dl does not alter brain high energy phosphate concentrations or pH i in neonatal rat pups, although these BACs are known to result in significant brain injury. These findings do not support hypoxia as a mechanism of alcohol-mediated brain injury during the third trimester equivalent in the rat pup model.
Conceptualizing group process consultation as an od intervention

Abstract Group consultation has become an important intervention for the OD consultant. Although most of the basic leadership skills needed for group counseling are the same as those used in group consultation, there is a difference: The purpose of group consulting is to define and solve work-related problems, whereas group counseling tends to focus more on the personal concerns of members. Consequently, the concepts influencing the group consulting process are more social-psychological and organizational in nature. Yet, although the focus is different, many of the common stages of group development occurring in counseling groups also appear during group consultation.
Pseudotumor of calcaneus in Christmas disease.

Hemophilic pseudotumor developed insidiously in an 8-year-old boy with severe factor IX deficiency. Hematomas under pressure produced nearly total cystic destruction of the calcaneus. Anatomic and functional recovery was gradual but complete after a prolonged course of rest and plasma replacement therapy; no recurrence was observed during follow-up exceeding 5 years. Plasma factor IX activity achieved by intensive plasma therapy rarely exceeded 20 per cent of normal. Eight other cases of hemophilic pseudotumor of the calcaneus are reviewed.
Monte Carlo simulation of hot-carrier transport in real semiconductor devices

Abstract A self-consistent Monte Carlo-Poisson device-simulation program has been used to study hot-carrier transport in a variety of ‘small’ devices (submicron Si MOSFETs, thin-base Si bipolar transistors, GaAs MESFETs). In all of these devices, provided realistically highly-doped contact regions are included, the long-range intercarrier Coulomb interaction appears to play a major role: via electron-plasma energy losses in short channel MOSFETs, via correlation-energy effects in the emitter of Si n-p-n bipolar transistors. Moreover, in the quasi-ballistic regime of very small devices realistically scaled and driven at realistically large biases, band-structure effects dominate to such an extent that the device behavior is explained better by the medium-high energy similarities of the band-structure of zinc-blend semiconductors than by the more familiar low-energy concepts (e.g., mobility and effective-mass). We will argue that realistic technological assumption about ‘faster(?)’ GaAs-based, logic-circuit-oriented MOSFETs may actually leave untouched the supremacy of the Si-based technology in the submicrometer-range.
Hyaluronic Acid in the Normal and Glaucomatous Optic Nerve

Eighteen normal human eye-bank eyes (age: 18-81 years), five fetal eyes (16-24 weeks), 11 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes (age: 76-89 years), and two Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy eyes were examined using a biotinylated-hyaluronan binding protein to study the changes in the distribution of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the fetal, adult and glaucomatous optic nerve head. The vitreous body served as a positive control. Sections treated with Streptomyces hyaluronidase were used to confirm specificity. Monoclonal antibodies to myelin basic protein (MBP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were used as additional controls. In fetal optic nerve, HA was localized in blood vessels, peripapillary sclera and the pial septae in the retrolaminar nerve. No staining was associated with axons. Staining for MBP was negative. In adults, HA was found surrounding the myelin sheaths in the retrolaminar nerve; staining decreased with age. In contrast, HA staining in myelinated peripheral nerves (e.g. ciliaries) remained unchanged with age. HA also was localized to the adventitia of arteries and veins throughout the posterior segment. Compared to age-matched normal eyes, HA staining was virtually absent around myelin sheaths of the retrolaminar nerve in POAG eyes. Similar changes were not found in other HA positive structures. In Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy. HA was present in increased amount in the atrophic area, but virtually absent in the remaining retrolaminar nerve. HA staining was invariably positive in vitreous, and Streptomyces hyaluronidase treated sections were negative. In adults, staining of MBP was associated with the myelin sheath in the retrolaminar nerve. In contrast to HA, staining of MBP was unchanged with age and in POAG. In Schnabel's atrophy, MBP staining disappeared only in the atrophic area. HA in the retrolaminar optic nerve appears to be associate with the space-filling matrix between myelin sheaths. HA is not present in the axon bundles prior to myelination of the optic nerve. HA in the retrolaminar optic nerve appears to decrease with age and is further reduced in POAG; however, corresponding changes are not found in MBP or in peripheral nerves. Perhaps, decreased amounts of HA is related to a higher susceptibility to elevated intraocular pressure or to optic nerve atrophy. In Schnabel's cavernous optic atrophy, HA is present in increased amount only in the atrophic area while MBP is markedly decreased, suggesting in situ production of HA in areas of optic nerve atrophy.
Oil Conflict in Ecuador: A Photographic Essay

This article has three purposes. First, the photographs and text narrate the diverse and persistent mobilization efforts against the oil sector operating in the Amazon region of Ecuador. Second, the study explores limitations of resistance networks composed of Northern environmental and Ecuadorian domestic groups. These networks tend to target Northern oil multinationals while overlooking the increasing interest and influence of Asian oil firms in the Amazon. Third, the article is aimed at showing how photography can complement interviewing in field research and how it can be of methodological interest to environmental social scientists in the complex way it defines the role of the researcher.
Central and Peripheral Control of Gill Movements in Aplysia

Two types of gill contraction in Aplysia were used to study the relation of peripheral and central pathways in controlling behavioral responses in a mollusk. A weak or moderate tactile stimulus to the mantle elicits gill contraction (gill-withdrawal reflex) as a component of a more extensive withdrawal response; a stimulus applied directly to the gill elicits a localized response of the gill pinnule (pinnule response). Central pathways through the abdominal ganglion are both necessary and sufficient for the gill-withdrawal reflex, and motor neuron L7 makes direct connections with gill muscles, without engaging the peripheral plexus. Peripheral pathways are necessary and sufficient for the pinnule response. As a result of the independence of peripheral and central pathways, habituation by repeated tactile stimulation of one pathway does not affect the responsiveness of the other pathway.
Some Challenges in the Empirical Investigation of Conceptual Mappings and Embodied Cognition in Science Education: Commentary on Dreyfus, Gupta and Redish; and Close and Scherr

The last couple of decades have seen an enormous development in the study of embodied cognition through the investigation of conceptual mappings, such as conceptual metaphor (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980...
The Zr-Rh system: A case study of calculated and experimental phase diagrams

Abstract The current status of the Zr-Rh constitution diagram is reviewed. An outline of the procedures which may be used in calculating this phase diagram is presented beginning with Kaufman's predictive calculation in 1970. Kaufman's calculated phase diagram is compared with the currently accepted diagram determined from experimental data. The various types of experimental data which can be used to improve the calculations further are identified and some recent experimental results are also discussed. It is concluded that the most efficient strategy for obtaining a reliable phase diagram would involve both experiments and calculations since neither method achieves its maximum benefits when isolated from the other.
Significance of composite lineations in the mid- to deep crust: a case study from the North Cascades, Washington

Abstract The origin of broadly orogen-parallel (NW–SE) mineral lineations in Cretaceous and Paleogene arc plutons and amphibolite–facies metamorphic rocks (paleodepths of
Zinc Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Use as MRI Contrast Agents

Molecular imaging has become a rapidly evolving field used in various applications to target macromolecules and biological process [1,2]. Various imaging systems, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), use non-invasive techniques that provide disease-specific information through diagnostic imaging. Early detection of disease demonstrates the potential benefit of these systems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Stylized and Performative Gaze for Character Animation

Existing models of gaze motion for character animation simulate human movements, incorporating anatomical, neurophysiological, and functional constraints. While these models enable the synthesis of humanlike gaze motion, they only do so in characters that conform to human anatomical proportions, causing undesirable artifacts such as cross-eyedness in characters with non-human or exaggerated human geometry. In this paper, we extend a state-of-the-art parametric model of human gaze motion with control parameters for specifying character geometry, gaze dynamics, and performative characteristics in order to create an enhanced model that supports gaze motion in characters with a wide range of geometric properties that is free of these artifacts. The model also affords “staging effects” by offering softer functional constraints and more control over the appearance of the character's gaze movements. An evaluation study showed that the model, compared with the state-of-the-art model, creates gaze motion with fewer artifacts in characters with non-human or exaggerated human geometry while retaining their naturalness and communicative accuracy.
The Presence of Social Support Messages on YouTube Videos About Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Ostomies

The purpose of this study was to explore the types of social support messages YouTube users posted on medical videos. Specifically, the study compared messages posted on inflammatory bowel disease-related videos and ostomy-related videos. Additionally, the study analyzed the differences in social support messages posted on lay-created videos and professionally-created videos. Conducting a content analysis, the researchers unitized the comments on each video; the total number of thought units amounted to 5,960. Researchers coded each thought unit through the use of a coding scheme modified from a previous study. YouTube users posted informational support messages most frequently (65.1%), followed by emotional support messages (18.3%), and finally, instrumental support messages (8.2%).
Economic and Sociological Explanations of Gender Inequality

This commentary discusses theoretical and methodological issues that arise in the articles by Brines and Fiorentine. It commends Brines's careful tests of three models of the household division of labor but criticizes some of the principal tenets of the economic model of the household division of labor that Brines tests. It also criticizes a number of Fiorentine's generalizations about the state of the sociological literature on gender stratification although noting that there are intriguing issues to be pursued in the area of the differential attrition of women from male-dominated fields before and after they enter the labor force. The commentary concludes with a call for more rigorous development of sociological theories of gender inequality.
The Location Of Brain Tumors With Ordinary Hospital Equipment

For the past year or so we have been working on the problem of locating brain tumors with ordinary hospital equipment and without the introduction of contrast material. Eighteen radiographs are taken at 10° angles around the head, they are read by a densitometer, and the numerical method of Kacmarz (1) is used to produce horizontal cross sections at any desired level. In principle this is also the method used by the EMI scanner, but of course the use of ordinary hospital equipment changes the practical character of the problem considerably. So far we have completed three experiments, two of which will be described in detail along with some of the problems that were en-countered.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Dietary Protein on Glomerular Renin Secretion

Previous studies from our and other laboratories demonstrated that dietary protein restriction lowers plasma renin activity by impairing renin release. The effect of protein intake on glomerular renin secretion has not been investigated. Accordingly, we studied male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180 to 200 g for 3 weeks that were receiving isocaloric diets that provided either standard 20% protein (SP) or low 6% protein (LP). Renin secretion was measured in the glomeruli isolated from these rats, at baseline and following stimulation with arachidonic acid and isoproterenol. The activity of plasma renin (3.0 ± 0.5 ng/mL/min on SP v 1.1 ± 0.1 ng/mL/min on LP) was significantly ( P v 32.3 ± 1.4 ng/µg protein on LP) was significantly ( P v 12.5 ± 3.0 on LP, P −5 mol/L (5.9 ± 1.7 on SP v 19.6 ± 3.1 on LP, P −3 mol/L (6.0 ± 0.5 on SP v 17.3 ± 3.3 on LP, P
Activation Transcription Factor 1 Involvement in the Regulation of Murine H-2D d Expression

Resistance to radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemia is correlated with an increase in H-2D expression on the thymocyte surface. Recently, it has been shown that elevated H-2Dd expression on the infected thymocyte is a result of elevated mRNA transcription and that the transcriptional increase is correlated with elevated levels of a DNA binding activity, H-2 binding factor 1 (H-2 BF1), which recognizes the 5′-flanking sequences (5′-TGACGCG-3′) of the H-2D d gene. This target for transcription factor binding has been found to be identical in the 5′-regulatory region of 12 rodent class I genes, nine of which have been shown to be functional genes. Furthermore, thiscis-element is found 5′ of 20 primate class I genes (15 human genes), seven of which are known to be functional. Here, we demonstrate that activation transcription factor 1 (ATF-1) is one component of H-2 BF1. In addition, the levels of ATF-1mRNA in uninfected and radiation leukemia virus-infected thymocytes parallel those of H-2D d mRNA, and therefore, it is suggested that ATF-1 up-regulates the transcription of theH-2D d gene after radiation leukemia virus infection of thymocytes. Transfection experiments also demonstrate that ATF-1 activates a reporter plasmid that contains the H-2 BF1 motif, but not a reporter lacking this motif. This is the first demonstration of the interaction of ATF-1 with 5′-regulatory sequences of major histocompatibility complex class I genes.
Effect of sexual maturity on testicular injury subsequent to procarbazine administration in rats.

The present study examined the effect of age on various aspects of Leydig cell and Sertoli cell function in Sprague-Dawley rats administered procarbazine. Procarbazine was administered intraperitoneally to Sprague-Dawley rats aged 14, 24, and 60 days in 3 weekly injections of 200 mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed 1 week after the last injection. Severe impairment of spermatogenesis was evident in all animals. Sertoli cell function, as assessed by total testicular ABP content, was not significantly different between procarbazine-treated animals and controls in any age group. On the other hand, procarbazine administration resulted in a 60% reduction in total intratesticular testosterone content in the 14-day-old rats but not in the 24- or 60-day-old animals. Serum testosterone was significantly reduced by 50% in the group of 14-day-old animals but not in the other age groups. Serum LH values were not significantly changed from control levels in any age group. Testicular content of Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cn were unalt...