cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not So Different Games: An exploration of five years of student game designers

Sixty percent of Americans play video games daily, with 45% of U.S. gamers identifying as female. Based on a 2017 survey by the International Game Developers Association, only 22% of the game industry is composed of women, while 81% of all respondents rated diversity in the workplace as important. This begs the question, how can we promote a more gender diverse gaming industry?Academic settings, such as courses focused on game design, offer the opportunity for women and men to experiment, learn and play, while earning self-confidence and a sense that they equally belong to the field. Diversity of content in gaming is in demand and both genders’ perspectives are needed. Understanding how game design approaches may or may not differ across genders can help inform pedagogical and curricular choices within academia. In this study, we observe students’ design preferences in the making of video games over a five year period, and analyze how student game designers’ choices with regard to elements such as setting and game-play fit into the conversation of promoting inclusive game design.We examine whether different groups of student game designers create different games. In particular, our study focuses on teams that are composed of at least half female designers and those with less than half female team members. The results from two analyses that examined genre, setting, mood, aesthetic and others, showed no statistically significant difference among the two groups, with the exception of one criterion related to the presence of identifiable enemies. This study points to the fact that shared foci across genders are prevalent, indicating fruitful avenues for future game development that may be broadly appealing and inclusive.
Probabilistic Boundary Coverage for Unknown Target Fields with Large Perception Uncertainty and Limited Sensing Range

We introduce a new type of probabilistic boundary coverage problem where a robot has to enclose unknown target fields (UTFs) with large perception uncertainty and limited sensing range. When the robot gets closer to UTF and accumulates sufficient sensory readings, it employs Gaussian processes (GPs) as a local belief function to approximate field boundary distribution in an ellipse-shaped local region. The local belief function allows us to predict UTF boundary trends and establish an adjacent ellipse for further exploration. The process is governed by a depth-first search process until UTF is approximately enclosed by connected ellipses when the boundary coverage process ends. We formally prove that our boundary coverage process guarantees the enclosure above a given coverage ratio with a preset probability threshold. We have implemented our algorithm and tested it under different field types in simulation.
Serological Identification of Mollicutes

Mollicutes are bacteria without cell walls, flagella, pili, or other structural components commonly found in other prokaryotes. In addition, the mollicute genome is the smallest among all other self-replicating organisms. As a consequence of these characteristics, mollicutes possess limited biosynthetic capabilities and are devoid of many of the chemical components that form the antigenic mosaic of prokaryotes.
A Multi-Attribute Choice Model with Similarity, Compromise and Attraction Effects

We develop a multi-attribute model that captures similarity, compromise and attraction effects. The model assumes that the choice probability of an alternative depends on (1) its position relative to a choice-set specific reference point and (2) an individual-specific scaling parameter that determines the convexity of the indifference curves in the attribute space. A simulation confirms that the reference point can be accurately recovered. Analysis of data from an experiment manipulating context effects shows that the model can accurately capture similarity, attraction and compromise effects. We report two applications. The first uses data from a choice experiment for cameras and extends the model to capture no choice and unobserved heterogeneity using a hierarchical Bayesian framework. The second uses data from a study on travel mode choice and models observed heterogeneity in consumer preferences. In both applications, the proposed model predicts better than multiple competing models. These results suggest that the model can be reliably estimated and that unobserved and observed heterogeneity in reference points and scaling parameters can be incorporated in the model. We show that allowing consumers the possibility of making no-choice weakens context effects. We also illustrate the value of reflecting context effects in choice simulations and product-line design.
Is the Digital Economy Too Concentrated

Concentration in the digital economy in the United States has sparked loud criticism and spurred calls for wide-ranging reforms. These reforms include everything from increased enforcement of existing antitrust laws, such as challenging more mergers and breaking up firms, to an abandonment of the consumer welfare standard. Critics cite corruption and more systemic public choice problems, while others invoke the populist origins of antitrust to slay the digital Goliaths. On the other side, there is skepticism regarding these arguments. This chapter continues much of that skepticism.
Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Review.

Importance Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a challenging condition that affects an estimated 26% of the world’s female population. Chronic pelvic pain accounts for 40% of laparoscopies and 12% of hysterectomies in the US annually even though the origin of CPP is not gynecologic in 80% of patients. Both patients and clinicians are often frustrated by a perceived lack of treatments. This review summarizes the evaluation and management of CPP using recommendations from consensus guidelines to facilitate clinical evaluation, treatment, improved care, and more positive patient-clinician interactions. Observations Chronic pelvic pain conditions often overlap with nonpelvic pain disorders (eg, fibromyalgia, migraines) and nonpain comorbidities (eg, sleep, mood, cognitive impairment) to contribute to pain severity and disability. Musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction are found in 50% to 90% of patients with CPP. Traumatic experiences and distress have important roles in pain modulation. Complete assessment of the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to CPP requires obtaining a thorough history, educating the patient about pain mechanisms, and extending visit times. Training in trauma-informed care and pelvic musculoskeletal examination are essential to reduce patient anxiety associated with the examination and to avoid missing the origin of myofascial pain. Recommended treatments are usually multimodal and require an interdisciplinary team of clinicians. A single-organ pathological examination should be avoided. Patient involvement, shared decision-making, functional goal setting, and a discussion of expectations for long-term care are important parts of the evaluation process. Conclusions and Relevance Chronic pelvic pain is like other chronic pain syndromes in that biopsychosocial factors interact to contribute and influence pain. To manage this type of pain, clinicians must consider centrally mediated pain factors as well as pelvic and nonpelvic visceral and somatic structures that can generate or contribute to pain.
Influence Study on Large Cross-sectional Conductor Bundling Interval on Aerodynamic

The phenomenon of sub-span oscillation is a form of structural vibration caused by the aerodynamic wake effect. This paper analyzes the mechanism of sub-span oscillation, establishes a calculation model of the flow field of large cross-section double-bundled conductors, and studies the influence of sub-conductor interval of bundled conductor on its streaming characteristics with the different sub-conductor intervals selected as 250, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1,000 (in mm) for the working condition of calculation. The results have been applied to ultra-high voltage transmission line projects, providing technical support for the design and construction of the project, and improving the ability of the line to resist sub-span oscillations, which is of great significance to ensure the long-term safe operation of the line.
Gender: An Important Factor in End-User Programming Environments?

A human-centric issue that has not been considered in the design of end-user programming environments is whether gender differences exist that are important to the design of these environments. Ignoring this issue would miss the opportunity of enhancing the effectiveness of end-user programmers by incorporating appropriate mechanisms to support gender-associated differences in decision making, learning, and problem solving. This paper takes a first step toward building a foundation for investigating this issue by surveying gender difference literature from five domains with an eye toward possible implications for end-user programming. We present a taxonomy of this literature, and derive a number of specific issues for each element of the taxonomy (stated as hypotheses). This foundation provides a starting point for organized investigations into issues that may be important for making breakthroughs in the effectiveness of end-user programmers
Editorial: Indoor air quality, ventilation and energy conservation in buildings: Innovation and integration (Part 2)

I am delighted to see this topical issue completed as another outcome of IAQVEC 2010—the 7th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings, August...
Heidegger's Contribution to an Ethic of Care and Responsiveness

Martin Heidegger’s Contribution to an Ethic of Care and Responsiveness:Some feminists argue that, in a world of globalization, where humanity needs to be experienced and defined across distances, care becomes an essential category of ethics and politics. However, not enough thought is given to the fact that attentiveness and responsiveness, two essential aspects of care, require imagination. My paper argues, through an interpretation of Heidegger’s philosophy, that the moral and political orientation of one’s imagination is first decided through the experience of production. Here the premises of care, which is a fundamental existential feature of human everydayness, can turn pathological, thus leading to the anonymous and impersonal organization of other (human) beings, as well as to paternalism and authoritarianism, even to totalitarian forms of politics. At the same time, the premises of care can lead one into poetic care, namely, into the understanding that the encounter and the dialogue with the foreign essentially belongs to one’s “homely locale.” My paper concludes by arguing that poetic care requires a non-representational and receptive form of imagination and a type of language that does not cover the incomplete and ‘needy’ character of one’s identity and world.
A comparison between a cavity backed spiral and a resonant monopole - an ultra-wideband consideration

The impulse response waveform of a cavity-backed spiral shows significant ringing and slow decay, making it unsuitable for ultra-wideband applications. However, the resonant monopole and its relatives, considered to be narrowband antennas, are potential ultra-wideband radiators. The monopole offers little dispersion with a typically fast decay of a ringing sinusoid. The fast decay creates the effect of a short pulse. Thus the monopole is a potentially good UWB antenna, though the efficiency may produce less than an optimal pulse amplitude.
Inhibition of gastric emptying by sodium oleate depends on length of intestine exposed to nutrient

Previously, we reported that inhibition of gastric emptying by glucose or acids depends on the length of gut exposed to the inhibitor [Gastroenterology 95: A877, 1988; Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 19): G404-G411, 1989]. In this study, we hypothesized that feedback control by fat may be similarly regulated. In dogs with chronic intestinal fistulas, we compared the intensity of intestinal feedback when different lengths of the small intestine were exposed to meals of 3, 9, or 27 mM sodium oleate. We found that 1) inhibition of liquid emptying was dose dependent, 2) intensity of negative feedback was dependent on both the concentration of the oleate and the length of gut exposed to fat, 3) full inhibitory effect was achieved with exposure of fat to 150 cm of gut, 4) inhibition from the distal one-half of gut was less potent than that generated from the proximal one-half of gut, and 5) on a molar basis oleate was 20 times as effective as glucose at inhibition of gastric emptying and that this difference was related to the slower rate of fat absorption.
Retained wireless video enteroscopy capsule: a case report and review of the literature.

Capsule enteroscopy, which is a wireless noninvasive approach to evaluation of the small intestine, consists of an 11 × 26-mm capsule containing a miniature video camera, batteries, illuminating light-emitting diodes, a transmitter, and an antenna. The components inside the capsule are encased by a slippery, nonbiodegradable, plastic housing, which weighs less than 4 g. Information obtained from the imager, approximately 2 frames per second, is transmitted by way of radiotelemetry to an array of sensors taped to the abdomen, which connect to a data recorder worn on a belt around the waist. The batteries are designed to last roughly 7–8 hours, providing enough energy to generate approximately 50,000 to 60,000 detailed images. The clinical review of the imagery is made available after completion of the study when images are downloaded from the data recorder to a computer with dedicated software.
Approximation to Complex numbers by certain biquadratic numbers

Abstract A result of Davenport and Schmidt related to Wirsing's problem is generalized so that complex numbers are approximated using the algebraic integers T from the field, Q((−D) 1 2 ) , together with numbers of degree two over T . Here D is a square free positive integer.
Bioavailability of dietary urea nitrogen in the breast-fed infant

The protein intake of the breast-fed infant is generally assumed to be adequate to meet the infant's needs and thus serves as one approach to estimating requirements. ~ The nitrogen concentration of human milk is relatively simple to determine, but one needs to know what fraction of this nitrogen is available to convert nitrogen to "protein." For practical PurPoses, "protein '' in this context refers to protein Plus bioavailable nonprotein nitrogen. Approximately 17% of the nitrogen in human milk is present in the form of non-a-amino nitrogen (i.e., urea, creatinine, uric acid, and glucosamines). 2 Because the human body produces no enzymes capable of hydrolyzing these substances, bioavailability depends on their hydrolysis by intestinal microorganisms, With subsequent absorption of ammonia and the use Of this ammonia for amino acid synthesis. As discussed previously, 3 both Bifidobacterium species and Escherichia coli can hydrolyze urea. Urea accounts for about 8% of the total nitrogen of human milk and can probably serve as a marker substance for all of the non-a-amino nitrogen in human milk. Several investigators 3-6 have concluded that the bioavailability of urea for formula-fed infants is relatively low. We estimated that no more than 17% of the urea was available, and considered it unlikely that breast-fed infants would differ from formula-fed infants in ability to absorb and use urea? Nevertheless, we had Some lingering doubt about the possibility that differences in composition of the diet (human milk vs formula) or differences in microbial flora of the gastrointestinal tract of breast-fed and formula-fed infants might lead to differences in bioavailability of the non-a-amino nitrogen. We reasoned that a comparison of the pattern of urinary
Mechanism of the dihydroorotase reaction

Dihydroorotase (DHO) is a zinc metalloenzyme that functions in the pathway for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides by catalyzing the reversible interconversion of carbamoyl aspartate and dihydroorotate. A chemical mechanism was proposed on the basis of an analysis of the effects of pH, metal substitution, solvent isotope effects, mutant proteins, and alternative substrates on the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The pH-rate profiles for the hydrolysis of dihydroorotate or thiodihydroorotate demonstrated that a single group from the enzyme must be unprotonated for maximal catalytic activity. Conversely, the pH-rate profiles for the condensation of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate showed that a single group from the enzyme must be protonated for maximal catalytic activity. The native zinc ions within the active site of DHO were substituted with cobalt or cadmium by reconstitution of the apoenzyme with divalent cations in the presence of bicarbonate. The ionizations observed in the pH-rate profiles were dependent on the specific metal ion bound to the active site. Mutation of the residue (Asp-250) that hydrogen bonds to the bridging hydroxide (or water) resulted in the loss of catalytic activity. These results are consistent with the formation of a hydroxide bridge between the two divalent cations that functions as the nucleophile during the hydrolysis of dihydroorotate. In addition, Asp-250 is postulated to shuttle the proton from the bridging hydroxide to the leaving group amide during hydrolysis of dihydroorotate. The X-ray crystal structure of DHO showed that the exocyclic alpha-carboxylate of dihydroorotate is bound to the protein via electrostatic interactions with Arg-20, Asn-44, and His-254. Mutation of these residues resulted in the loss of catalytic activity, indicating that these residues are critical for substrate recognition. The thio analogue of dihydroorotate was found to be a good substrate of the enzyme. A comprehensive chemical mechanism for DHO was proposed on the basis of the experimental findings in this study and the X-ray crystal structure.
The development of infant play in a captive group of lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Three infant gorillas born at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center of Emory University were studied during their first year and one-half of life for various aspects of behavior, including solitary and social play, using both focal animal and one-zero sampling. The appearance of play in these infants followed a developmental trend, beginning with mother-infant play, and followed by solitary play, and then social play among peers. Mothers were initially very vigilant, repeatedly interrupting infant peer play bouts, this relaxing toward the end of the first year. Evidence for a possible sex difference in active social play is presented.
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of cycloalkenes and α,β-unsaturated ketones at 296 ± 2 K†

The kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of O3 with a series of alkenes and two α,β-unsaturated ketones have been investigated at atmospheric pressure (ca. 740 torr) of air and 296 ± 2 K, using a relative rate method in the presence of sufficient cyclohexane to scavenge OH radicals generated in these reactions. Combined with our previous relative rate measurements (Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 24, 803 (1992)), the rate constants obtained relative to k(O3 + propene) = 1.00 were: 3-penten-2-one, 3.62 ± 0.16; 2-cyclohexen-1-one, <0.19; bicyclo[2.2.2]-2-octene, 7.44 ± 0.48; 1,3-cycloheptadiene, 16.1 ± 1.1; cycloheptene, 23.7 ± 1.6; 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 134 ± 13; bicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene, 170 ± 16; and bicyclo[2.2.1]-2,5-heptadiene, 390 ± 36. The resulting rate constants then lead to a self-consistent set of room temperature data for the reactions of O3 with these alkenes and α,β-unsaturated ketones. These rate constants are compared with the literature data, and the effects of ring size discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Verification of prostate treatment setup using computed radiography for portal imaging

A non-film-based system was used to obtain high quality portal film images. Digital portal images were obtained with a computed radiography (CR) system, in which the film is replaced with a photostimulable phosphor plate. Digital processing of portal images enhanced the display contrast using regional histogram equalization. The images were compared to images on radiographic film, exposed in the same cassette. The contrast-enhanced CR images of prostate treatment fields facilitated identification of the entire contour of the ischium, the location of the pubic symphysis, and the ischial tuberosity to determine the anterior and inferior locations of the prostate and bladder. Identifying the coccyx on the processed portal images permits the physician to locate accurately the posterior wall of the rectum. In each case the quality of the CR image was judged by the clinician to be superior to conventional portal film. The identification of these anatomical structures on the portal images is clinically important for verifying 3D conformal therapy of the prostate. With the same CR system one may acquire digital treatment portal and simulation images. This provides a foundation for a picture archival communication system for radiation oncology. Existing software can be used to register these digital portal and simulation images to facilitate verification of treatment setup.
GROUP E STREPTOCOCCI. I. PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STRAINS ISOLATED FROM SWINE CERVICAL ABSCESSES.

endemic in local areas. As high as 90(yo of the animals in a single herd may be infected, while other herds may be free of the disease. Association of Lancefield' s serological group E streptococci with this pyogenic condition was first reported by Newsom (1937). In a series of publications Collier (1954; 1956a, b) confirmed the identity of the causative organism, conducted pioneering work on the course of the disease, and established that the disease was contagious and that the animals were infected through the oral route, most likely by way of the tonsillar area.
The effects on the MHD stability of field line tying to the end faces of a cylindrical magnetic loop

The ideal MHD energy equation is used to derive a stability equation for a specific class of perturbations, in an examination of magnetic loop MHD stability which takes field line tying at its root points into account. It is found that the field line tying effect is negligible to the m=1 kink mode, but important to the localized modes, in the case of a loop of aspect ratio greater than 10. The stability criterion for high-m value localized modes is derived, and compared with the Suydam criterion, to show that there are two field line tying effects for the perturbation of the class studied: (1) a field line bending effect, which is always stabilizing, and (2) a shear effect which is stabilizing or destabilizing depending on the sign of the gradient of the potential magnetic field. The net effect of field line tying is determined by the sum of these two effects.
To have in order to do: Exploring the effects of consuming experiential products on well-being

The experience recommendation – if you want to be happier, buy life experiences instead of material items – is supported in empirical research. However, this evidence is primarily based on the dichotomous comparison of material items and life experiences. The goal of this article is to examine the effects of consuming experiential products – purchases that fall between material items and life experiences – on well-being. Study 1 and Study 2 demonstrate that experiential products provide similar levels of well-being compared to life experiences and more well-being than material items. Study 3 replicates this finding for purchases that turn out well. In addition, Study 3 shows experiential products, when compared to life experiences, lead to more feelings of competence but less feelings of relatedness, which explains why these two purchases result in similar levels of well-being. We discuss why experiential products and life experiences lead to psychological need satisfaction and how our results support the Positive-Activity Model, Self-Determination Theory, and Holbrook and Hirschman's hedonic consumption framework.
Management information systems in maternal and child health/family planning programs: a multi-country analysis.

Management and information systems (MIS) in maternal and child health were surveyed in 40 developing countries by trained consultants using a diagnostic instrument developed by UNFPA and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The instrument covered indicators of input (physical infrastructure personnel training finances equipment logistics) output (recipients of services coverage efficiency) quality and impact as well as frequency timeliness and reliability of information. The consultants visited national and 2 provincial level administrative and service points of public and private agencies. Information on input was often lacking on numbers and locations of populations with access to services. In 15 countries data were lacking on personnel posts filled and training status. Logistics systems for equipment and supplies were inadequate in most areas except Asia resulting in shortfalls of all types of materials and vehicles coinciding with idle supplies in warehouses. Financial reporting systems were present in only 13 countries. Service outputs were reported in terms of current users in 13 countries but the proportion of couples covered was unknown in 25 countries. 2 countries had cost-effectiveness figures. Redundant forms duplicated efforts in half of the countries while data were not broken down at the usable level of analysis for decision-making in most. Few African countries had either manual or computer capacity to handle all needed data. Family planning data especially was not available to draw the total picture. Often information was available too late to be useful except in Portuguese speaking countries. Even when quality data existed managers were frequently unaware of it. It is recommended that training and consultancies be provided for managers and that these types of surveys be repeated periodically.
Crystal Structure of the Mammalian GIRK2 K+ Channel and Gating Regulation by G Proteins, PIP2, and Sodium

G protein-gated K(+) channels (Kir3.1-Kir3.4) control electrical excitability in many different cells. Among their functions relevant to human physiology and disease, they regulate the heart rate and govern a wide range of neuronal activities. Here, we present the first crystal structures of a G protein-gated K(+) channel. By comparing the wild-type structure to that of a constitutively active mutant, we identify a global conformational change through which G proteins could open a G loop gate in the cytoplasmic domain. The structures of both channels in the absence and presence of PIP(2) suggest that G proteins open only the G loop gate in the absence of PIP(2), but in the presence of PIP(2) the G loop gate and a second inner helix gate become coupled, so that both gates open. We also identify a strategically located Na(+) ion-binding site, which would allow intracellular Na(+) to modulate GIRK channel activity. These data provide a structural basis for understanding multiligand regulation of GIRK channel gating.
Localized fibrous "mesothelioma" of pleura (submesothelial fibroma): a clinicopathologic study of 18 cases.

Eighteen cases of solid fibrous tumors of the visceral pleura are studied. The series includes neoplasms of various sizes removed during the last 17 years at The Mount Sinai Hospital. Most tumors showed consistent gross and light microscopic features, such as encapsulation, preservation of pedicle, origin from visceral pleura, predominance of spindle cells with more or less hyalinized stroma, little or no pleomorphism or mitotic activity and no infiltration of the underlying lung. No sex predominance or relation to environmental pollutants was noted. Peak incidence was in the 6th decade of life. Total excision proved curative in all cases with no recurrences or complications. The cell of origin of this tumor appears to be a noncommitted mesenchymal cell present in the areolar tissue subjacent to the mesothelial lining. Cancer 43:627–635, 1979.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Oligoanilines and Polyaniline Nanofibers Using H2O2

Nanofibers of polyaniline and oligoanilines of controlled molecular weight, e.g., tetraaniline, octaaniline, and hexadecaaniline, are synthesized using a versatile high ionic strength aqueous system that permits the use of H2O2 with no added catalysts as a mild oxidizing agent. Films of oligoanilines deposited on plastic substrates show a robust and reversible chemiresistor response to NO2 vapor at room temperature in ambient air (100−5 ppm).
Structure and oxidation of W(100) carbides: A helium diffraction study

Abstract Helium atom diffraction from c(2 × 2) and 5 × 1 carbon overlayers has been observed and analysed to determine the surface structures. The high temperature oxidation of the W(100)-(5 × 1)C surface is characterized using elastic specular helium scattering and Auger electron spectroscopy. The oxidation reaction at 1400 K is observed to produce the lower coverage c(2 × 2) and c(3√2 × √2)R45° ordered carbon overlayers, before the formation of a surface oxide layer. Annealing of partially ordered c(2 × 2) structures with and without hydrogen exposure is examined. The helium scattering from the controversial 5 × 1 overlayer is analysed in light of several proposed structural models, and is found to be consistent only with a recently proposed missing row model. Helium diffraction intensity calculations together with temperature dependent intensity measurements determine a helium-surface potential well depth of 8 meV and an effective surface Debye temperature of 1350 K. Finally, helium atom diffraction peak splittings are reported here for the first time for scattering from a stepped c(2 × 2) carbide structure.
Resolved-Sideband Cooling of a Silica Optomechanical Microresonator in a Cryogenic Environment

Resolved-sideband cooling of a silica optomechanical microresonator is demonstrated in a cryogenic environment. Final phonon occupation as low as 37 is achieved when the resonator is precooled to 1.5 K.
Positioning strategies and incidence of congruence of two UK store card brands

This study examines the activities and congruence of positioning strategies in the UK store card sector. Using a triangulation research methodology, the results confirm the prevalence of challenging and aggressive branding activities. The findings identify “Service”, “Value for money”, and “The Brand Name” as the most popular positioning strategies pursued by Marks & Spencer Card brand. In the case of Harrods Card brand, “Top of the range” and “The Brand Name” are the two dominant positioning strategies employed. The study further uncovers congruence between the two card brands' marketing “communications” efforts and consumers' “perceived” strategies. However, there is no congruence between managers' “presumed” strategies and the brands' marketing “communications” efforts. More specifically, although positioning activities in “communications” are successfully recognized by the target group, managers' positioning “presumptions/intentions” are not clearly transmitted in “communications”. Conclusions, managerial implications, limitations and future research directions are discussed.
An RTS-on-demand Mechanism to Overcome Self-interference in an 802.11 System

The IEEE 802.11 standard defines a Request to Send/Clear to Send (RTS/CTS) mechanism to reduce the impact from self-interference such as hidden terminals. However, the usage of RTS/CTS is only based on a pre-defined fixed packet size threshold, focusing only on the cost rather than the presence of interference. This paper presents an RTS on Demand (RoD) mechanism to dynamically utilize the RTS/CTS based on the interference situation (e.g. collision) by monitoring various parameters such as response frame to an unknown station, retransmission attempt, and collision rate monitored at the intended receiver. Numerical analysis of the proposed RoD mechanism compared to the conventional 802.11 RTS/CTS mechanism is provided in the paper.
Essay: In Memory of Robert Siemann

Bob Siemann came to SLAC from Cornell in 1991. With the support from Burton Richter, then Director of SLAC, he took on a leadership role to formulate an academic program in accelerator physics at SLAC and the development of its accelerator faculty. Throughout his career he championed accelerator physics as an independent academic discipline, a vision that he fought so hard for and never retreated from. He convinced Stanford University and SLAC to create a line of tenured accelerator physics faculty and over the years he also regularly taught classes at Stanford and the U.S. Particle Accelerator School. After the shutdown of the SSC Laboratory, I returned to SLAC in 1993 to join the accelerator faculty he was forming. He had always visualized a need to have a professional academic journal for the accelerator field, and played a pivotal role in creating the journal Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, now the community standard for accelerator physics after nine years of his editorship. Today, Bob's legacy of accelerator physics as an independent academic discipline continues at SLAC as well as in the community, from which we all benefit. Bob was a great experimentalist. He specialized in experimental techniques and instrumentation, but what he wanted to learn is physics. If he had to learn theory - heaven forbid - to reach that goal, he would not hesitate one second to do so. In fact, he had written several theoretical papers as results of these efforts. Now this is what I call a true experimentalist! Ultimately, however, I think it was experimental instruments that he loved most. His eyes widened when he talked about his instruments. Prompted by a question, he would proceed to a nearby blackboard, with a satisfying grin, and draw his experimental device in a careful thinking manner, then describe his experiment and educate the questioner with some insightful physics. These moments were most enjoyable, to him and the questioner alike. When I think of Bob today, it is these moments that first come to mind, and it is these moments I will miss the most. I should like to mention another curious thing about Bob, namely he had a special talent of finding persuasive arguments that went his way. It was difficult to argue with Bob because it was so difficult to win. Generally quiet otherwise, he was too good and too methodical a debater. I had never seen him losing a debate on a policy issue or in a committee setting. However, when it comes to physics, his soft spot, he occasionally let go some weakness. When so doing, he would lose the debate, but his grin revealed that the loss was more than compensated by the physics he gained together with his debater. It is hard to believe that the office around the corner is now empty. The dear colleague we have come to know, to talk to, and to seek advice from, together with the feet-on-the-desk posture and the familiar grin, are no longer there. I wonder, who will now occupy that office next? And who will continue to carry on Bob Siemann's legacy? Many of us are waiting.
MMM2: mobile media metadata for media sharing

Cameraphones are rapidly becoming a global platform for everyday digital imaging especially for networked sharing of media from mobile devices. However, their constrained user interfaces and the current network and application infrastructure encumber the basic tasks of transferring, finding, and sharing captured media. We have deployed a prototype context-aware cameraphone application for mobile media sharing (MMM2) that aims to overcome these difficulties. MMM2 leverages the point of capture and of sharing to gather metadata, and uses metadata to support sharing. Based on the early results of the first 6 weeks of a six-month trial involving 60 users, indications are that with MMM2 users are actively capturing and sharing photos. The ability to automatically upload photos from a cameraphone to a web-based photo management application and to automatically suggest sharing recipients at the time of capture based on Bluetooth-sensed co-presence and sharing frequency promise to reduce the current difficulty of mobile media sharing.
Chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension compromises fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell O2 sensing

To test the hypothesis that chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) compromises pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cell (SMC) O2 sensing, fluorescence microscopy was used to study the e...
Integrating the physical world with the web to enable context-enhanced mobile services

This work has its roots in the HP Labs Cooltown project, whose core principle is that the integration of our physical world with the Web offers unique opportunities to enable ubiquitous computing applications. This paper describes our latest results in building a model and a software architecture called the Web presence manager (WPM) to support this physical-virtual integration. This software layer implements and specifies the services and information provided by Web representations of physical entities such as people, places, or things. We detail an extensive context-enhanced media-oriented application built on top of our platform. Our application enables mobile and context-aware access to personal contents and rendering on local appliances in a variety of ubiquitous computing environments.
Rayleigh Taylor Experiments

Effect of multi-modal initial conditions on Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) was experimentally studied at Texas A&M University. Precisely controllable initial conditions were generated using a flapper mechanism at the interface of two unstably stratified convective water streams with a temperature difference of about 7–8°C corresponding to Atwood numbers of the order of 10−3. By selecting input initial wavelengths and phase angles, a parametric study was performed to study the initial growth stages of this instability and mixing behavior. Using a servo controlled flapper mechanism and high resolution thermocouples, the quality and quantity of total and molecular mixing is studied. The topology of the characteristic bubble and spike structures in the initial mixing stages was recorded using high-resolution imaging. Density measurements using thermocouple measurements were performed at two downstream locations from the splitter plate, x/H = 0.077 and x/H = 0.908, where H is the total height of the Water Channel. Molecular mixing patterns due to single, binary and multi-mode initial conditions are extracted from density data.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
A highly polarized hydrogen / deuterium internal gas target embedded in a toroidal magnetic spectrometer

Abstract A polarized hydrogen/deuterium internal gas target has been constructed and operated at the internal target region of the South Hall Ring (SHR) of the MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator Center to carry out measurements of spin-dependent electron scattering at 850 MeV. The target used an Atomic Beam Source (ABS) to inject a flux of highly polarized atoms into a thin-walled, coated storage cell. The polarization of the electron beam was determined using a Compton laser backscattering polarimeter. The target polarization was determined using well-known nuclear reactions. The ABS and storage cell were embedded in the Bates Large Acceptance Toroidal Spectrometer (BLAST), which was used to detect scattered particles from the electron–target interactions. The target has been designed to rapidly ( ∼ 8 h ) switch operation from hydrogen to deuterium. Further, this target was the first to be operated inside a magnetic spectrometer in the presence of a magnetic field exceeding 2 kG. An ABS intensity 2.5 × 10 16 at / s and a high polarization ( ≈ 70 % ) inside the storage cell have been achieved. The details of the target design and construction are described here and the performance over an 18 month period is reported.
An Eulerian exposition

An overview of Eulerian graphs is presented. In particular, characterizations of Eulerian graphs and digraphs as well as algorithms for constructing Eulerian circuits are discussed. A solution to the Chinese postman problem is followed by a study of subgraphs and supergraphs of Eulerian graphs. After an introduction to randomly Eulerian graphs and digraphs, we conclude with a summary of a variety of results involving enumeration.
Postinflammatory Tumor (Xanthoma) of Lung

The wide utilization of lung biopsy for solitary pulmonary nodules not only necessitates familiarity with the more frequent entities producing such a configuration but also those which are less commonplace. An unusual example of the latter is the so-called postinflammatory tumor or xanthoma of lung. Reference to these lesions as tumors is done in the generic sense since it is most likely that they do not represent true neoplasms but a response to inflammation. Macroscopically, they appear as well circumscribed, nonencapsulated, solitary, homogeneous, yellow-tan or white nodules, which may be as large as 7.0 cm. in diameter, within the pulmonary parenchyma. Their histologic appearance is characterized by varying numbers of lipid-laden histiocytes, other inflammatory cells and collagenization. There is no specific symptom attributable to these lesions and they may be only fortuitously discovered in roentgenograms performed for other reasons, or as in the case to be presented, during the course of an exploratory thoracotomy. Not infrequently an antecedent history of pneumonia or other respiratory infection is noted. Only seven examples of such a pulmonary lesion have been previously recorded, and these are epitomized in Table I.’� Recently, Liebow and Hubbell7 have described the clinical and pathologic features of seven examples of a somewhat similar pulmonary tumor which, because of a predominant vascular structure, they have designated as sclerosing hemangiomas of lung. These have not been tabulated since it is not unlikely that they represent a distinct entity. Similarly, the pleural nodules described by Brown and Johnsons have not been included because of their location, although the cogent possibility exists that they may represent pleural counterparts of these pulmonary lesions. It appears worthwhile to call attention to this type of pulmonary nodule by recording another example. Awareness of such a lesion should minimize the possibilities of its misinterpretation as a malignant neoplasm, particularly in rapid frozen sections performed at the time of thoracotomy. Certain features of this case allow for comments relative to its etiology.
Response of "Total Absorption" Spectrometers to Gamma Rays

A single crystal of sodium iodide 9-1/4 inches in diameter and 9 inches high with the top bevelled at 450 was recently obtained from Harshaw Chemical Company. A half-inch hole was drilled in the bevelled end to the center of the crystal. Three 5-inch diameter Dumont 6364's were optically connected directly to the flat end of the crystal. Sources were placed inside the crystal and y spectra obtained, taking advantage of full geometry. A 4-3/4 inches diameter sodium iodide crystal 5-1/2 inches high with the top bevelled at 45° has a 1/4 inch hole drilled to the center. The crystal is optically connected to a Dumont 6364. The crystal is placed inside a 28-inch tank of liquid scintillator which uses four Dumont 6364's to detect pulses in the liquid. Samples are placed inside the crystal and the pulses from the crystal and liquid scintillator are placed in anticoincidence to reduce the Compton portion of the ? spectra. Typical spectra with these counters are shown along with ae comparison of data taken with these and smaller crystals.
A model for predicting fracture resistance of fiber reinforced concrete

Abstract A theoretical model is presented to predict the crack propagation resistance of fiber reinforced cement based composites. A crack in the matrix is divided into a traction free zone, fiber bridging zone and the matrix process zone. The crack closing pressure due to fibers depends on the (Mode I) crack opening displacement (COD). A method is suggested to estimate this relationship from the pull-out tests. Although calculations of COD are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics concepts, the energy absorbed in the fiber bridging zone is included in the analysis. Theoretical results are compared with the experimental data of notched beam and double cantilever beam specimens.
Aldehyde reductase from rat liver is a 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Abstract Rat liver was previously shown to contain [V.G. Erwin and R.A. Deitrich, Biochem. Pharmacol. 21 , 2915 (1972)] two aldehyde reductases (EC 1.1.1.2) in addition to alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1). The present paper demonstrates that one of these aldehyde reductases also catalyzes reversible reduction of 3-ketosteroids of A/B cis configuration. The product of reduction appears to be 3α-alcohol, rather than 3β-alcohol, the product of reduction of the same 3-ketone by rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase. This difference in the steric course of reduction may be useful for distinguishing aldehyde reductase from alcohol dehydrogenase. Since 3α-alcohols of A/B cis configuration are universally distributed in the bile of vertebrates, the steroid activity of aldehyde reductase may be connected with its physiological function.
Climate projection ensemble as support to water management and irrigation in Nigeria

Hydrological modeling was used for projecting average annual water availability in Nigeria in the future, comparing a baseline (1976–2005) with a 30-year future (2036–2065) period, simulated under an ensemble of ten climate projections. Simulations converged in projecting by mid-century an increase in water flows for almost half of the country. Models agreed also in projecting decrease and stability in water flows for 13% of the country, while uncertainty covers about one-third of Nigeria. Lack of agreement among different climate models on precipitation and inflow makes it difficult to project how much water will be effectively available in the future for irrigation. Reservoir size is usually designed to ensure sufficient storage providing a given yield based on past climate. The objective of this paper is evaluating what storage investments are suitable for meeting irrigation development targets under as many climate outcomes as possible. A simple methodology for more robust investment planning is suggested and the risk of over- or under-designing storage based on past climate is exemplified. This preliminary study shows that, for more than half of the country, using the historical climate as a guide to the design of future storage might lead to inappropriate investment decisions, resulting in excessive or insufficient capital outlays. The conclusions of the paper do not entail endorsement by the World Bank or its Board of Directors.
Toward an Integration of Psychologic, Social, and Biologic Factors in Depression: Effects on Outcome and Course of Cognitive Therapy.

The present study attempted to integrate key variables from 3 major domains of theory in depression (cognition, stress, and psychobiology) that are typically studied separately in analyses of course and response to cognitive therapy. Dysfunctional attitudes, negative life events, or sleep electroencephalogram were assessed in 53 outpatients before treatment with cognitive therapy. High levels of dysfunctional attitudes were found to be associated with poorer response to treatment but not for those patients who had experienced a severe negative life event. Examination of the length of time required to achieve remission revealed an effect for rapid eye movement (REM) latency as well as the interaction between REM latency and life events. These results are discussed in terms of the promise of integrative research in the study of depression and its treatment.