cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a widely tunable amplified diode laser differential absorption lidar for profiling atmospheric water vapor

This work describes the design and testing of a highly-tunable differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument utilizing an all-semiconductor transmitter. This new DIAL instrument transmitter has a highly-tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) as a seed laser source for two cascaded commercial tapered amplifiers. The transmitter has the capability of tuning over a range of ~ 17 nm centered at about 832 nm to selectively probe several water vapor absorption lines. This capability has been requested in other recent DIAL experiments for wavelengths near 830 nm. The transmitter produces pulse energies of approximately 0.25 µJ at a repetition rate of 20 kHz. The linewidth is exceptionally narrow at <0.3 MHz, with frequency stability that has been shown to be +/- 88 MHz and spectral purity of 0.995. Tests of the DIAL instrument to prove the validity of its measurements were undertaken. Preliminary water vapor profiles, taken in Bozeman, Montana, agree to within 5-60% with profiles derived from co-located radiosondes 800 meters above ground altitude. Below 800 meters, the measurements are biased low due to a number of systematic issues that are discussed. The long averaging times required by low-power systems have been shown to lead to biases in data, and indeed, our results showed strong disagreements on nights when the atmosphere was changing rapidly, such as on windy nights or when a storm system was entering the area. Improvements to the system to correct the major systematic biases are described.
Particle Sizes in Comet Bennett (1970 II)

The particle size distribution in the coma and tail of Comet Bennett has been determined by several methods, each sensitive to a particular size range. It is confirmed that a minimum value of the particle density, size, and radiation pressure efficiency function exists at about .00003 to .00010 g/sq cm. The existence of such a cutoff is probably due to the decreasing radiation pressure efficiency for particles smaller than the wavelength of the light being scattered. An exact determination of this cutoff may allow identification of the particle type.
Factors affecting myocardial 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in positron emission tomography studies of normal humans.

The goal of this study was to identify the anatomic and physiologic factors affecting left ventricular myocardial 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake and myocardial glucose utilization rates (MRGlc) in normal humans. Eighteen healthy male volunteers were studied in the fasting state (4–19 h) and 16 after oral glucose loading (100 g dextrose) with positron emission tomography (PET) and FDG. Substrate and hormone concentrations were measured in each study. The kinetics of myocardial FDG uptake were evaluated using both a three-compartment model and Patlak graphical analysis. Systolic blood pressures and rate pressure products were similar in the fasting and postglucose states. MRGlc averaged 0.24±0.17 μmol/min/g in fasting subjects and rose to 0.69±0.11 μmol/min/g after glucose loading. Phosphorylation rate constant, k3, and MRGlc were linearly related (P < 0.001). Increases in MRGIc following glucose loading were correlated with plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid concentrations, ratios of insulin to glucagon levels, and influx rate constants of FDG. Glucose loading improved the diagnostic image quality due to more rapid clearance of tracer from blood and higher myocardial FDG uptake. When MRGlc, glucose and insulin concentrations, and insulin to glucagon ratios exceeded 0.2 μmol/min/g, 100 mg/dl, 19 μU/ml, and 0.2 μU/pg, respectively, myocardial uptake of FDG was always adequate for diagnostic use. FDG image quality and MRGlc were similar after relatively short (6 ±2 h) and overnight (16 ± 2 h) fasting. Significant (P<0.05) regional heterogeneity of myocardial FDG uptake and MRGlc was observed in both the fasting and the postglucose studies. MRGlc and FDG uptake values in the posterolateral wall were higher than those in the anterior wall and septum. Thus, both 6-h and overnight fasts resulted in similarly low myocardial glucose utilization rates. While MRGlc and myocardial FDG uptake depended on plasma glucose, free fatty acid, and insulin concentrations, the results also suggest an additional dependency on plasma glucagon levels. Regional heterogeneities in myocardial FDG uptake and MRGlc are evident and independent of the subjects' dietary state. These regional heterogeneities need to be considered in studies of patients with cardiac disease.
A transgenic mouse model for high content, cell cycle phenotype screening in live primary cells

High content cell-based genetic and small molecule library screens are powerful strategies in drug discovery and investigations of disease mechanisms. We report that primary cells derived from a transgenic mouse model expressing a fluorescence mitosis biosensor provide unambiguous phenotype readouts without the need for transfection or immunocytochemistry. Phenotype profiles of cell cycle disruption and of apoptosis are easily detectable at a single time point selected from time-lapse live fluorescence microscopy. Most importantly, this transgenic mouse model may be crossed with cancer mouse models to derive biosensor-expressing primary cancer cells for use in high content screening strategies targeting discovery of tumor-specific chemotherapeutic compounds.
Solar and planetary destabilization of the Earth–Moon triangular Lagrangian points

Abstract In the restricted circular three-body problem, two massive bodies travel on circular orbits about their mutual center of mass and gravitationally perturb the motion of a massless particle. The triangular Lagrange points, L 4 and L 5 , form equilateral triangles with the two massive bodies and lie in their orbital plane. Provided the primary is at least 27 times as massive as the secondary, orbits near L 4 and L 5 can remain close to these locations indefinitely. More than 2200 cataloged asteroids librate about the L 4 and L 5 points of the Sun–Jupiter system, and five bodies have been discovered around the L 4 point of the Sun–Neptune system. Small satellites have also been found librating about the L 4 and L 5 points of two of Saturn's moons. However, no objects have been discovered around the Earth–Moon L 4 and L 5 points. Using numerical integrations, we show that orbits near the Earth–Moon L 4 and L 5 points can survive for over a billion years even when solar perturbations are included, but the further addition of the far smaller perturbations from other planets destabilize these orbits within several million years. Thus, the lack of observed objects in these regions cannot be used as a constraint on Solar System formation, nor on the tidal evolution of the Moon's orbit.
Nonphotooxidative eosin Y inhibition of Na+-K+ ATPase activity in the human erythrocyte membrane

Abstract In the absence of light, eosin Y at concentrations up to 10 −4 m inhibits both the independent ATPase and the Na + -K + ATPase activities of stromal fragment preparations of human erythrocyte membrane. The inhibition of the Na + -K + ATPase activity consists of two components. One component is partially competitive with MgATP. The second component is noncompetitive and is potentiated by Na + . Neither component affects the binding of Na + or K + . The inhibition is probably due to the binding of more than one inhibitor molecule to each enzyme molecule.
Endodontically treated teeth as abutments.

occlusal rest (Fig. 5, B), and guiding planes (Fig. 5, C). If there are voids or irregularities, they are filled with monomer and powder with a paint brush. 9. Try-in the removable partial denture (Fig. 6) to ensure a proper adaptation of the resin coping (Fig. 7). The die spacer can be removed from the tooth with a cotton pellet soaked in die spacer thinner. Rinse the tooth several times before cementing the temporary restoration. 10. Transfer the resin coping to the working stone die and finish the margins with wax (Fig. 8). If the surface of the resin coping is not smooth, paint it with a thin layer of liquid wax (Hi-Glass liquid wax glaze, George Taub Products and Fusion Co., Inc., Jersey City, N.J.) before investing and casting. There is little need for an opposing cast because the coping has all the details of the previous cast crown or tooth before preparation; but an opposing model can be used to verify occlusal relationships. 11. Cast, polish, and finish the casting. At the try-in stage, the margins and the occlusion are secured. Finally, adaptation of the RPD to the new crown is appraised (Fig. 9). Cement the crown when all necessary adjustments have been made.
Patterns of morphological and geographic variation in trophic bill morphs of the African finch Pyrenestes

Intra- and inter-population variability was studied in three species of tropical African estrildid finches comprising the genus Pyrenestes. Eleven characters were measured on P. ostrinus captured on a study area in Cameroon. Most of these same characters were also measured on museum specimens of this species and P. saguineus and P. minor. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods in order to characterize variation within and between populations and species. Variation in all three species of Pyrenestes is greatest in bill size, resulting from an exceptional non-sex-linked polymorphism. Bill size differences between morphs are as high as between congeneric species, with extremely large coefficients of variation, while other body characters show comparatively little variation. Sexual dimorphisms and differences in size due to age occur, but contribute little to overall size variation. Distributions of bill characters in each age and sex class are bimodal or greatly skewed, and in some geographical regions tend to be trimodal. Distributions of other body characters tend not to be significantly different from normal. Bill morphs differ in both shape and size and may be separated using principal component analysis. Static allometries of bill morphs differ significantly: relative to body size, bill size increases more rapidly in the large morph. Bill size and shape also vary geographically. The three species differ in mean size but show much overlap. Bill size is negatively correlated with total annual rainfall. In regions characterized by ecotonal transition zones between forest and savanna, tentative evidence suggests that a third, yet larger bill mode occurs. This third mode apparently results from the presence of a distinct larger species of hard-seeded sedge found only in these regions. The taxonomic implications of the polymorphism are discussed.
Two dimensional metal-insulator transitions in alkali-ammonia ternary graphite intercalation compounds

Abstract The composition dependence of the c-axis and a-axis resistance of the alkali-ammonia ternary graphite intercalation compounds M(NH 3 ) x C 24 , M = K, Rb, Cs and 0 ≦ x ≦ x max has been measured at room temperature for x max values of 4.33, 4.10 , and 3.65 corresponding respectively to, K Rb, and Cs. The c-axis resistances relative to that of MC 24 exhibit features which we associate with the onset of a stage-2 to stage-1 structural phase transition whereas the a-axis relative resistances exhibit features which we associate with a metal-insulator transition in the metal-ammonia intercalate layers. For some vales of x the alkali-ammonia ternary GIC,s exhibit electrical anisotropies which are among the highest yet reported for stage-1 donor GIC's.
How is it possible to produce highly oriented yarns of electrospun fibers

Electrospinning of polymeric nanofibers onto a stationary grounded target produces a nonwoven mat-like material. Using a rapidly rotating grounded target in the form of a wheel or belt, it is possible to produce significant lengths of highly oriented yarns of electrospun filaments. This observation is difficult to explain when one compares the calculated velocity of an electrospun monofilament with the surface velocity of the grounded target. This study was undertaken to attempt to answer this question. Are the calculated fiber velocities correct? Is the collected electrospun filament really a monofilament? Does the electrospun filament split into multiple filaments or do fibers loop in an oriented manner on the collection wheel? POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1530–1535, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Limitations of the Trajectory Approximation in Atom-Surface Scattering

We have scattered low energy (100-400 eV) ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ from a Cu(001) surface, and studied the peak in the energy spectra that corresponds to collisions in which the ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ interacts primarily with a single Cu atom. This peak is broadened by the thermal fluctuations in the momentum of the Cu atom. Its width has been measured as a function of surface temperature, scattering geometry, and incident energy. Our data agree well with a rigorous statistical analysis (within 10%) but poorly with the trajectory approximation (TA), demonstrating that the TA can fail when recoil is substantial.
Cotton, corn, and risk in the nineteenth century: Another view

[Rletums are subject to several contingencies, such as follows. Your corn may not be planted early enough. The hogs may destroy one-fourth of it, the rains an eighth, and the thieves an eighth; and a drought a large portion of the remaining one half. Your cotton may not come up well, and you may not get agood stand to begin with. It may rain too little, and it may rain too much; and it may be overrun by the grass. Or, the rust may take it, the army worm, and the grasshoppers may commence their ravages: or other worms may strip the stalk of its foliage, and then an early frost may nip it in the bud. But if none of these things occur, you are quite likely to get good crops; and then if none of it is stolen, and your gin house does not bum down, you may be fairly recompensed for your labor. But if any of these things happen, your profits of course will be less. Charles Steams’
Length heterogeneity in ITS 2 and the methylation status of CCGG and GCGC sites in the rRNA genes of the genus Peronosclerospora

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used with primers complementary to conserved flanking sequences to amplify the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2) of the rDNA repeat units of five Peronoscleropora isolates, one each of P. sorghi, P. maydis, P. sacchari and two of P. zeae. In contrast to the situation found in most-fungi that have been examined, length heterogeneity was evident in each sample. The rDNA composition of the amplified bands was confirmed by Southern hybridizations using an ITS 2 amplified from P. sorghi and cloned rDNA from Neurospora crassa as probes. Length heterogeneity was also detected in genomic DNA digests using the same probes. In addition to one dominant fragment for each isolate, there were several less frequent fragments of different sizes, and the isolate(s) for each species had a unique banding pattern for ITS 2. The absence of 5-methylcytosine residues in CCGG and GCGC sequences in the ribosomal genes of these four Peronosclerospora species was demonstrated by the production of identical banding patterns with ribosomal DNA probes following digestion of genomic DNA with MspI and HpaII, and by complete digestion with CfoI.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Inhibition of Apoptosis Is Associated with Increased Expression of the bcl-xL Gene Product

Differentiated PC12 cells, which become dependent on the presence of growth factors in the media and die by apoptosis after several hours of serum deprivation, were used to test the ability of IGF-1 to regulate the endogenous levels of the death-suppressing protein Bcl-xL, IGF-1 was capable of preventing apoptosis of serum-deprived differentiated PC12 cells at physiological concentrations, with optimal results seen at 10(-8) M. Incubation with the hormone resulted in a significant increase of Bcl-x mRNA after 3-6 h incubation and a doubling of Bcl-xL protein levels by 24 h incubation. Our results show that the protective effect of IGF-1 in PC12 cells is associated with an up-regulation of Bcl-xL mRNA and protein levels.
Moderators of the curvilinear relation between extent of telecommuting and job and life satisfaction: The role of performance outcome orientation and worker type:

The purpose of this study is to determine factors that are related to employee satisfaction with telecommuting. Recent research supports the notion of a curvilinear relation between extent of telecommuting and job satisfaction. Drawing on control theory, we find that performance outcome orientation (degree to which objective criteria are used in employee evaluation) moderates the curvilinear relation between extent of telecommuting and job satisfaction. We also find support for a curvilinear (inverted U) relation between extent of telecommuting and life satisfaction, with worker type (defined by work drive and work enjoyment) moderating that relation.
Clinical Review : Thirty Years of Ritual Circumcisions Appraisal of Personal Experiences, After-Care and Postcircumcision Complications

Thirty years of surgical and pediatric experience with more than 10,000 cases of ritual circumcision.
UT-Scope: Speech under Lombard Effect and Cognitive Stress

This paper presents UT-scope data base, and automatic and perceptual an evaluation of Lombard speech in in-set speaker recognition. The speech used for the analysis forms a part of the UT-SCOPE database and consists of sentences from the well-known TIMIT corpus, spoken in the presence of highway, large crowd and pink noise. First, the deterioration of the EER of an in-set speaker identification system trained on neutral and tested with Lombard speech is illustrated. A clear demarcation between the effect of noise and Lombard effect on noise is also given by testing with noisy Lombard speech. The effect of test-token duration on system performance under the Lombard condition is addressed. We also report results from In-Set Speaker Recognition tasks performed by human subjects in comparison to the system performance. Overall observations suggest that deeper understanding of cognitive factor involved in perceptual speaker ID offers meaningful insights for further development of automated systems.
Intelligent image correlation using genetic algorithms for measuring surface deformations in the autonomous inspection of structures

Summary form only given. Presents an intelligent digital image correlation technique that uses genetic algorithms to estimate surface displacements and strains for autonomous inspection of structures. Speckle patterns are spray painted on the surface of interest and pictures taken before and during loading using off-the-shelf CCD quickcams. Subpixel accuracy, required for measuring displacements and strains accurately, is obtained by using interpolation methods. An innovative adaptive scheme is used to develop a cost surface which is used to match the before and after image subsets with the help of genetic algorithms to search for the optimal match. Some potential applications for this work are to extract real time information on surface displacements and strains on aircraft in flight, submarines under water and civil infrastructures such as bridges and buildings.
Two-dimensional motion of cold atoms in a near-resonant annular laser beam: artificial two-dimensional molecules

We develop the theory of the two-dimensional motion of cold atoms in a near-resonant annular laser beam. For a red-detuned field the laser beam provides an annular light shift potential and the atomic motion divides into vibrational and rotational normal motions analogous to a two-dimensional molecule. In the ground vibrational state we obtain an atom optics realization of a two-dimensional rotator. We illustrate the novel physics which may be explored with this system by showing that gravity acts analogously to a static electric field applied to a charged rotator.
Facile synthesis of [11C]buprenorphine for positron emission tomographic studies of opioid receptors.

We have developed a simple and rapid method for the production of buprenorphine (BPN), a potent opioid partial agonist, labelled with carbon-11 at the 6-methoxy position. The procedure uses a precursor synthesized in high yield (89%) from BPN in two steps and employs [11C]iodomethane as the radiolabelling reagent. [11C]BPN of 97% radiochemical purity can be prepared in high specific activity (41 GBq/μmol; 1120 mCi/μmol) in a radiochemical yield of 10% at end-of-synthesis (not decay corrected). The [11C]BPN is available for use in studies of cerebral opioid receptors by positron emission tomography within 24 min from end-of-bombardment, including radiosynthesis, purification, formulation for i.v. injection and determination of specific activity.
When is a voluntary commitment really voluntary

Cognitive disorganization limits a person's capacity to act voluntarily, because such action requires a significant degree of attention and comprehension. The compliance of a psychotic person who fails to understand his own actions may be construed by clinicians as voluntary behavior. This possible misuse of voluntary hospitalization is examined, and the employment of categories other than voluntary and involuntary is suggested.
Trace elements in quartz shed light on sediment provenance

Quartz is one of the most common minerals on the surface of the earth, and is a primary rock-forming mineral across the rock cycle. These two factors make quartz an obvious target for sediment provenance studies. Observations from experimental and natural samples demonstrate that the trace element content of quartz often reflects the conditions of quartz formation. When quartz is weathered from its primary crystallization setting (i.e., quartz from a granitoid) it can retain many chemical signatures of formation throughout the sedimentation processes. These geochemical signatures can be used to understand the primary source of individual quartz grains within a sediment. Here we present a case study from the Bega River catchment to demonstrate that quartz grains in sediments at the mouth of the Bega River are sourced from granitoids within the drainage basin. Data presented here also indicate that a portion of the beach sediment is also derived from either (i) sedimentary rocks within the basin or; (ii) mixing with sediments at the mouth of the river. The Bega River catchment was selected for this study because it is both small and has a well-constrained bedrock lithology, making it an ideal location to test the utility of this provenance technique. However, quartz trace element provenance has broad applications to modern and ancient sediments and can be used in lieu of, or in conjunction with, other provenance techniques to elucidate sediment transport through time.
Voyaging through the Contemporary Pacific

Voyaging through the Contemporary Pacific. David Hanlon and Geoffrey. White. eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000. 456 pp.
Some Regional Aspects of Sex Distribution

T HE present study seeks to discover whether sex distribution' relates to regional location. Several authors have turned their attention to this matter. The most detailed investigations, perhaps, are those by Thompson and Whelpton' and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.3 Yet these studies treat the sex ratio of total regional population. No comprehensive research has been undertaken concerning the regional location of communities marked by numerical surpluses of one sex.
A highly versatile 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with dense embedded SRAM

Summary form only given. We report on a 3.3 V/2.5 V compatible, 1.5 V high performance dense CMOS SRAM technology utilizing a 2.74 um/sup 2/ 6-T bitcell. This 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process with a nominal 0.13 /spl mu/m gate poly and a 30 /spl Aring/ gate oxide utilizes aggressive interwell isolation, enhanced self-aligned local interconnect, low-K interlevel dielectric, and scaled copper metallization. In addition, the technology allows for low leakage, high density and SER resistant embedded SRAM applications by allowing integration of low leakage array transistors, buried channel pMOS loads, self-aligned contacts and triple well in the memory array. Finally, this integration includes a 70 /spl Aring//30 /spl Aring/ DGO technology for 3.3 V interfaces. High performance 6-T bitcell operation, 8 Mb stand-alone SRAM yield and high performance DSP circuit with 4 Mb embedded memory with this aggressively scaled bitcell has been successfully demonstrated. Cell currents of 85 /spl mu/A has been achieved for a supply voltage of 1.5 V while maintaining static noise margin in excess of 220 mV.
Acute viral hepatitis superimposed on alcoholic liver cirrhosis clinical and histopathologic features

— Of 20 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and a superimposed episode of acute viral hepatitis, 12 developed hepatic encephalopathy or ascites or both. Four died of hepatic failure. Seventeen patients had received blood transfusions within 6 months before the acute hepatitic episode. Two patients were HBsAg-positive; the other 18 were presumptively diagnosed as having non-A, non-B hepatitis. However, hepatitis A virus infection was excluded in only three of the 18 patients. Histologic examination performed in 13 cases disclosed necrotizing inflammatory activity, which is commonly observed in acute viral hepatitis. The distinctive histologic feature was a meager regenerating activity. We conclude that patients with alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by acute viral hepatitis frequently develop hepatic failure and have a high fatality rate (20% in our series).
Cohesion in cognitive-behavioral group therapy for anxiety disorders and major depression.

(2010). Cohesion in Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for Anxiety Disorders and Major Depression. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 153-158.
Motility of Bovine Spermatozoa in Buffered Whole Egg

Summary Spermatozoan motility at 5° C. was as satisfactory in extenders composed of three parts of a 2.9 per cent sodium citrate dihydrate buffer containing 0.4 per cent of succinylsulfathiazole or 0.4 per cent succinylsulfanilamide and one part of liquid whole egg as in the standard 2.9 per cent citrate-sulfanilamide-yolk extender. The costs of the whole egg extenders were approximately 25 per cent of that of the yolk extender. The former could be prepared more quickly and glassware coming in contact with them was much easier to clean. The spermatozoa were more visible and more active in the whole egg extenders, thereby facilitating microscopic examinations.
A Structural Model for the Nuclear Pore Complex

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) occupies a unique position in the architecture of the eucaryotic cell in that it forms the gateway between two environments, the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which are topologically equivalent but which differ in their macromolecular composition. Strictly speaking, the nucleus is not a membrane-bound organelle but rather can be thought of as an area of the cell surrounded by incompletely fused membrane vesicles with NPCs occupying the pores. Undoubtedly, one of the more fundamental functions of the NPC is simply to keep these pores open and to prevent the vesicles from fusing completely and isolating the nucleus from the cytoplasm. The existence of such pores in the nuclear envelope appears to be a simple way to allow the free passage of ions and small molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm [14,15] without the necessity for a sophisticated system of channels which is required with a truly membrane bound organelle. Nevertheless, the NPC does carry out a barrier function since molecules larger than ~90A in diameter do not traverse it freely [14]. Large molecules are selectively imported into the nucleus and evidence is accumulating that such proteins contain a nuclear localization signal — a short sequence containing positively charged amino acid residues [3,5,10,16].
New Polymers Prepared from N-Cyanourea Compounds

This research was aimed at developing a novel class of monomers containing two N-cyanourea groups in a molecule. These monomers were found to polymerize to either thermoplastic or thermoset materials depending on the polymerization conditions.
The Orthogonalized Plane-Wave Method

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the orthogonalized plane-wave (OPW) method and its applications. The OPW method is used to obtain approximations to those solutions of the Schrodinger equation for a periodic potential that are associated with eigenvalues greater than the lowest ones by the application of well-known variational techniques with a particular kind of trial function. In applying the OPW method to the problem of obtaining information about the states of electrons in an ideal crystal, the investigator must decide the representation of the potential in the ideal crystal. Every application of the OPW method involves a Schrodinger equation containing a potential which is believed to approximate the selfconsistent potential that could be obtained from a solution of the Hartree (H) or Hartree-Fock (HF) equations associated with a particular ideal crystal. The first application of the OPW method was made in connection with a theoretical study of crystalline beryllium. The method was used to determine the wave functions and energy eigenvalues of states near points of high symmetry on the Fermi surface of beryllium.
The transport properties of3He-4He mixtures near the lambda line—A short review and outlook

A short review is given on the present status of our knowledge on several transport properties, both in the normal and the superfluid phase in the vicinity of the superfluid transition. The concentration range extends from very dilute mixtures X(/sup 3/He) approx. = 10/sup -7/ to those with X approx. = X/sub t/ = 0.67, where X/sub t/ is the concentration at the tricritical point. The influence of the earth's gravity field on these properties is discussed. It occurs via the concentration susceptibility and its temperature spread increases with X. The ongoing program at Duke University on the shear viscosity is briefly described.
Monolayer cultures derived from neonatal hamster pancreas: stimulation of immunoreactive insulin secretion and biosynthesis.

SummaryMonolayer cultures derived by enzymatic dispersion of neonatal hamster pancreas consist predominantly of AF+-granulated epithelioid cells, release newly synthesized immunoreactive insulin, and respond to the insulinotropic action of glucose and tolbutamide. These findings provide evidence that endocrinologically competent beta cells are present in these pancreatic monolayer cultures.
All-polymer solar cells with 3.3% efficiency based on naphthalene diimide-selenophene copolymer acceptor.

The lack of suitable acceptor (n-type) polymers has limited the photocurrent and efficiency of polymer/polymer bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Here, we report an evaluation of three naphthalene diimide (NDI) copolymers as electron acceptors in BHJ solar cells which finds that all-polymer solar cells based on an NDI-selenophene copolymer (PNDIS-HD) acceptor and a thiazolothiazole copolymer (PSEHTT) donor exhibit a record 3.3% power conversion efficiency. The observed short circuit current density of 7.78 mA/cm2 and external quantum efficiency of 47% are also the best such photovoltaic parameters seen in all-polymer solar cells so far. This efficiency is comparable to the performance of similarly evaluated [6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM)/PSEHTT devices. The lamellar crystalline morphology of PNDIS-HD, leading to balanced electron and hole transport in the polymer/polymer blend solar cells accounts for its good photovoltaic properties.
Compressive Quantum Ghost Imaging

We experimentally demonstrate high-resolution quantum ghost imaging at the single photon level using single-pixel (bucket) detectors and compressive sensing algorithms. Compared to quantum ghost imaging experiments employing a raster scan, we show both shortened data acquisition time and a more economical use of photons for low-light-level-imaging.
Comparative assessment of methods for estimating tree canopy cover across a rural-to-urban gradient in the mid-atlantic region of the USA.

Tree canopy cover significantly affects human and wildlife habitats, local hydrology, carbon cycles, fire behavior, and ecosystem services of all types. In addition, changes in tree canopy cover are both indicators and consequences of a wide variety of disturbances from urban development to climate change. There is growing demand for this information nationwide and across all land uses. The extensive inventory plot system managed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) offers a unique opportunity for acquiring unbiased tree canopy cover information across broad areas. However, the estimates it produces had not yet been examined for comparative accuracy with other sources. In this study, we compared four different methods readily available and with significant potential for application over broad areas. The first two, field-collected and photointerpreted, are currently acquired by FIA on approximately 44,000 plots annually nationwide. The third method is a stem-mapping approach that models tree canopy cover from variables regularly measured on forested plots and is efficient enough to calculate nationwide. The fourth is a Geographic-Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) approach that uses both high-resolution imagery and leaf-off LiDAR data and has reported very high accuracies and spatial detail at state-wide levels of application. Differences in the spatial and temporal resolution and coverage of these four datasets suggest that they could provide complementary information if their relationships could be better understood. Plot- and county-level estimates of tree canopy cover derived from each of the four data sources were compared for 11 counties in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia across a range of urbanization levels. We found high levels of systematic agreement between field and photointerpreted, stem-mapped and field, photointerpreted and GEOBIA estimates. In several cases, the relationship changed with the level of tree canopy cover. GEOBIA produced the highest tree cover estimates of all the methods compared. Results are discussed with respect to known differences between the methods and ground conditions found in both forest and nonforest areas.
Atypical congestive heart failure: the pulmonary mimic

When a patient has both congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive lung disease, the diagnosis is difficult and the prognosis grave. The early stage of pulmonary edema caused by ventricular failure is best diagnosed by x-ray examination, but the physician must recognize that coexisting pulmonary disease causes atypical roentgenographic patterns. Two types of atypical congestive heart failure are discussed here.
RPGR, a prenylated retinal ciliopathy protein, is targeted to cilia in a prenylation- and PDE6D-dependent manner

RPGR (retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator) is a ciliary protein associated with several forms of inherited retinal degenerative diseases. PDE6D is a ubiquitously expressed prenyl-binding protein and involved in ciliary targeting of prenylated proteins. The current working model for the RPGR function depicts that RPGR acts as a scaffold protein to recruit cargo-loaded PDE6D to primary cilia. Here, we present evidence demonstrating an alternative relationship between RPGR and PDE6D, in which RPGR is a cargo of PDE6D for ciliary targeting. We found that the constitutive isoform of RPGR, which is prenylated, requires prenylation for its ciliary localization. We also found that there are at least two independent ciliary targeting signals in RPGR: one within the N-terminal region that contains the RCC1-like domain and the other near the prenylation site at the C-terminus. Ablation of PDE6D blocked ciliary targeting of RPGR. Our study indicates that prenylated RPGR is one of the cargos of PDE6D for ciliary trafficking and provides insight into the mechanisms by which RPGR is targeted to cilia.
Monetary Reform — Where Do The Problems Go When They’re Assumed Away?

A paradox of the last several decades has been the glaring contrast between the problems of the system — the foreign exchange crises and the threats to the domestic banking systems and the trade disputes — and all the good advice in the editorials of The New York Times and The Economist, in congressional testimony, in international conferences of economists and bankers, in the policy papers produced by the thinktanks in Washington and London and Tokyo, and even in university lectures. Salvation was readily available. The system’s problems would be solved if central banks intervened in the foreign exchange market to support their currencies, or if they refrained from such intervention, if there were more coordination of national monetary policies, or if national currencies were eliminated. Or if …
Accurate Fault Location for Untransposed/Transposed Transmission Lines Using Sparse Wide-Area Measurements

This paper presents a new approach for locating short-circuit faults on untransposed transmission lines. Various fault-location algorithms have been proposed previously for transposed lines, which may not always be the case in practice. Existing methods usually require measurements recorded from one or two terminals of the faulted line, which may not be always available. To complement existing methods, this paper proposes a novel, general fault-location method for untransposed lines using sparse wide-area measurements, which is also applicable to transposed lines. Phasor measurement units are utilized to obtain the sparse wide-area synchronized measurements, which may be captured from buses far away from the faulted line. This method fully considers inherent unbalances of untransposed lines, and fully models shunt capacitances of lines based on a distributed parameter line model. Optimal estimation theory is exploited to make the most of available measurements for enhanced estimation. The method is able to locate faults on single-circuit and double-circuit line configurations, and is immune to fault resistances. Another feature of this method is that it does not require the fault type to be known. Extensive simulation studies using the Electromagnetic Transients Program have been performed, and quite accurate results have been achieved.
Non-covalent interactions in controlling pH-responsive behaviors of self-assembled nanosystems

Self-assembly and associated dynamic and reversible non-covalent interactions are the basis of protein biochemistry (e.g., protein folding) and the development of sophisticated nanomaterial systems that can respond to and amplify biological signals. In this study, we report a systematic investigation on non-covalent interactions that affect the pH responsive behaviors and the resulting supramolecular self-assembly of a series of ultra-pH sensitive (UPS) block copolymers. An increase of hydrophobic and π–π stacking interactions led to a decrease of pKa values. In contrast, enhancement of direct ionic binding between cationic ammonium groups and anionic counter ions gave rise to increased pKa. Moreover, hydration of hydrophobic surfaces and hydrogen bonding interactions may also play a role in the self-assembly process. The key parameters capable of controlling the subtle interplay of different non-covalent bonds in the pH-triggered self-assembly of UPS copolymers are likely to offer molecular insights to understand other stimuli-responsive nanosystems. Selective and precise implementation of non-covalent interactions in stimuli-responsive self-assembly processes will provide powerful and versatile tools for the development of dynamic, complex nanostructures with predictable and tunable transitions.
Diabetes Mellitus, Diagnosis and Treatment in the Elderly

The pathological process identified as diabetes mellitus includes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, according to the American Diabetes Association and the World Health Organization. The two most common types of diabetes mellitus are type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is developed most frequently by children and adolescents and accounts for approximately 5–10% of all cases of diabetes. Type 2 diabetes accounts for approximately 90–95% of all cases and is by far the most common form of diabetes. This form occurs primarily in adults, although it is affecting increasingly more children, adolescents, and young adults. Another form of the disease, gestational diabetes, is characterized by carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia, with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.
Making Mountain Places into State Spaces: Infrastructure, Consumption, and Territorial Practice in a Himalayan Borderland

This article looks at a trans-Himalayan borderland to see how new road development projects affect social and sovereign relationships across mountain landscapes between Chinese Tibet and Mustang, N...
A Collaborative Spectrum-Sharing Framework for LTE Virtualization

Wireless virtualization has significant potential for improving the efficiency of resource utilization through spectrum sharing. However, several challenges exist in enabling/implementing virtualization over the current static cellular infrastructure. In the meantime, virtualization necessitates spectrum sharing and a collaborative network management entity that needs to provide efficient isolation strategies that protects multiple operators from suffering interference in shared frequency bands. Toward enabling virtualization, we develop a framework based on 3GPP LTE, in which spectrum is reused temporally and spatially by more than one operator. The usage of spectrum is adjusted by network parameters and network parameters are configured based on power and radio propagation characteristics. In the framework, we minimally modify the radio resource manager (RRM) of LTE into a virtual resource manager. Further, the popular LTE enhanced inter-cell interference cancellation (eICIC) - time domain muting is adopted/modified as an isolation technique in a virtual setting. Extensive simulations are conducted that show the possibility of virtualization to enable every operator to obtain a higher throughput in an LTE network compared to operators working separately. However, the network configuration driven by tradeoffs will have to be carefully considered to ensure isolation. In summary, a collaborative approach by multiple operators to share spectrum can be of mutual benefit.
Three-stage performance modeling using DEA-BPNN for better practice benchmarking

DEA stratification and grouping of DMUs to form hierarchical frontiers.BPNN learning of efficiency patterns and classification of frontiers.BPNN prediction of incremental improvement outputs.The three-stage model for innovative 'better practice benchmarking'.Empirically validated by using healthcare data. This paper proposes an innovative three-stage model using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) for supporting 'better practice' benchmarking as contrasted with the traditional 'best practice' benchmarking. Research has shown that DEA models have the capability of setting optimal goals, but the drawback of the standard DEA approach is its inability to propose actionable targets necessary for incremental improvement. Overcoming the shortfalls of DEA and its superiority-driven practices, the neural network approach accommodates stepwise improvement through adaptive learning and prediction capability. Consequently, the proposed three-stage model is capable of generating feasible improvement options for managers as an intelligent decision support tool. At its core, the innovative approach provides a sound methodological foundation for shaping a 'better practice' paradigm and contributes to the literature through methodological advancement. The effectiveness of the model is empirically tested through the use of data from the healthcare industry, and the results confirm a practical utility of the model.
Anton, J. (1996). Customer relationship management: Making hard decisions with soft numbers

(1997). Anton, J. (1996). Customer relationship management: Making hard decisions with soft numbers. Journal of Leisure Research: Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 355-358.
A Space Filling Curve

(1983). A Space Filling Curve. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 90, No. 4, pp. 283-283.
Case of a Girl on Psychotropic Medications Seeking Birth Control

For patients with mental health disorders treated with psychotropic medications, contraceptive management can be challenging for the primary care provider. Effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptive may decrease with concomitant use of certain psychotropic medications, although notably SSRIs do not have this interaction. Certain psychotropic medications may convey sexual side effects or hormonal effects such as elevated prolactin levels, elevated androgen levels, and decreased sex hormone-binding globulin, which may lead to clinical symptoms. The lack of effective contraception in patients on psychotropic medications may lead to teratogenic effects in the event of an unplanned pregnancy. Long-acting reversible contraceptives may be a preferred contraceptive method in these patients for improved rate of pregnancy prevention and the avoidance of pharmacologic interactions.
Sterilization and Disinfection Strategies Used in Hospitals

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the science and art of sterilization and disinfection practices in health care facilities in the United States. In addition, the most current procedures that are used to test germicidal efficacy will be discussed.
Spending Bundles: Incorporating Household Expenditures in the Sociology of Consumption:

Sociologists of consumption focus primarily on understanding the determinants and consequences of social variation in tastes. Patterns of variation in actual purchases, however, remain relatively u...
Robust nanocatalyst membranes for degradation of atrazine in water

Abstract Solid membranes for degradation of emerging contaminants such as atrazine is of significant interest for water engineering applications. In this study, nanocatalyst particles have been anchored on vertically-aligned carpet-like arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNT) grown on porous carbon foams. This hierarchical architecture combines the advantages of highly surface-active nanoparticles with the robust and reusable structural advantage of porous solid membranes suitable for water treatment devices. Three types of palladium-based nano-catalytic surfaces have been investigated: metallic palladium (Pd), Pd nanoparticle with a layer of oxide (PdO-coated Pd), and Pd nanoparticle coated with thin film of silver (Ag-Pd). Their catalytic activities have been compared by analysing the degradation rate of atrazine in water. It is noted that all three catalysts show high levels of atrazine degradation, with the PdO-coated nanoparticles showing the highest kinetics. These results demonstrate that hierarchical hybrid architectures can provide compact and powerful surface-active materials such as adsorbents and catalytic degradation devices in future water treatment applications.