cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defend against cache consistency attacks in wireless ad hoc networks

Caching techniques can be used to reduce bandwidth consumption and data access delay in wireless ad hoc networks. When cache is used, cache consistency issues must be addressed. To maintain strong cache consistency in some strategic scenarios (e.g., battle fields), the invalidation-based approach is preferred due to its low overhead. However, this approach may suffer from some security attacks. For example, a malicious node (intruder) may drop, insert or modify invalidation messages to mislead the receivers to use stale data or unnecessarily invalidate the data that is still valid. In this paper, we propose a solution based on the IR-based cache invalidation strategy to prevent intruders from dropping or modifying the invalidation messages. Although digital signatures can be used to protect IRs, it has significantly high overhead in terms of computation and bandwidth consumption. To address this problem, we propose a family of randomized grouping based schemes for intrusion detection and damage recovery. Extensive analysis and simulations are used to evaluate the proposed schemes. The results show that our solution can achieve a good level of security with low overhead.
Amino Acid Sequence Requirements at Residues 69 and 238 for the SME-1 β-Lactamase To Confer Resistance to β-Lactam Antibiotics

Carbapenem antibiotics have been used to counteract resistant strains of bacteria harboring β-lactamases and extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Four enzymes from the class A group of β-lactamases, NMC-A, IMI-1, SME-1, and KPC-1, efficiently hydrolyze carbapenem antibiotics. Sequence comparisons and structural information indicate that cysteines at amino acid residues 69 and 238, which are conserved in all four of these enzymes, form a disulfide bond that is unique to these β-lactamases. To test whether this disulfide bond is required for catalytic activity, the codons for residues Cys69 and Cys238 were randomized individually and simultaneously by PCR-based mutagenesis to create random replacement libraries for these positions. Mutants that were able to confer resistance to ampicillin, imipenem, or cefotaxime were selected from these libraries. The results indicate that positions Cys69 and Cys238 are critical for hydrolysis of all of the antibiotics tested, suggesting that the disulfide bond is generally required for this enzyme to catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics.
A Month in the Life of Ephtim D.: A Portrait of a Bulgaria Pensioner.

. Month in the Life of Ephtim D.:. Portrait of. Bulgaria Pensioner. 1999. 56 minutes, color. video by Asen Balikci. For more information, contact Documentary Education Resources, 101 Morse Street, Watertown, MA 02472; 617-926-0491; docued. der. org.
Comparing Approaches to Mining Source Code for Call-Usage Patterns

Two approaches for mining function-call usage patterns from source code are compared. The first approach, itemset mining, has recently been applied to this problem. The other approach, sequential-pattern mining, has not been previously applied to this problem. Here, a call-usage pattern is a composition of function calls that occur in a function definition. Both approaches look for frequently occurring patterns that represent standard usage of functions and identify possible errors. Itemset mining produces unordered patterns, i.e., sets of function calls, whereas, sequential-pattern mining produces partially ordered patterns, i.e., sequences of function calls. The trade-off between the additional ordering context given by sequential-pattern mining and the efficiency of itemset mining is investigated. The two approaches are applied to the Linux kernel v2.6.14 and results show that mining ordered patterns is worth the additional cost.
Gate-Level Redundancy: A New Design-for-Reliability Paradigm for Nanotechnologies

Redundancy-based techniques have been widely used to correct the faulty behavior of components and achieve high reliability. N-tuple modular redundancy (NMR) systems, in particular, are all based on majority voting. The voter unit therefore becomes a bottleneck for the correct operation of any NMR system. In this paper, we propose a novel current-based voting strategy to design a robust NMR system. We show that, with this inexpensive strategy, we can completely eliminate the centralized voter unit and push NMR to the logic gate level. Our strategy achieves high reliability that is vital for future nanotechnology in which a high defect rate is expected. At the same time, it consumes less power and has less propagation delay compared to conventional NMR systems. Experimental results are reported to verify the concept, clarify the design procedure, and measure the system's reliability.
Impact of a magnetic ion exchange resin on ozone demand and bromate formation during drinking water treatment

The objective of this research was to examine the impact of a magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) on ozone demand and bromate formation in two different ozonated waters at bench scale. The first raw water had a high bromide ion concentration, a high ozone demand, and was highly colored. Based on experimental findings from the first water, the second water was selected as a model water in which more controlled experiments were performed. The waters were treated with the MIEX resin using jar test procedures to find the optimal MIEX dosage based upon the removal of ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing substances, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and bromide. The optimal resin dosage was chosen for bulk MIEX treatment and subsequent ozonation in a semi-batch reactor. The ozone demand and formation of bromate were analyzed as a function of ozone dosage and dissolved ozone concentration for the MIEX pre-treated water, and compared to the results obtained by ozonating the water without MIEX pre-treatment. The results indicate that pre-treatment of the water with the MIEX resin significantly reduces total organic carbon, DOC, UV absorbance, color, and to some extent, bromide. MIEX pre-treatment of the water prior to ozonation substantially lowered the ozone demand and formation of bromate during subsequent ozonation.
Questioning Migration in the Czech Republic Before the 2009 Economic Crisis

The Czech Republic is an interesting case of a newly emerging economy, which has undergone profound transition from communist country to consolidated democracy with a functioning free market economy. The Czech Republic differs from its post communist counterparts in Central and Eastern Europe in the aspect of fast growing labour immigration. During the whole period of transition from a planned economy with a totalitarian regime from 1990 until 2008 (and practically until now), the Czech Republic had a positive net migration balance with only one exceptional year of 2001 when more people emigrated then immigrated (Drbohlav et al. 2010: 35). One of main features of the growing Czech economy at the beginning of new millennium was strong demand for a cheap foreign labour force. The Czech economy is oriented toward the export of industrial products and its growth was substantially stimulated by direct foreign investment attracted by the geographical proximity to West European markets, as well as sufficient infrastructure for industrial production. Despite the fact that foreigners (both through foreign investment and a growing immigrant labour force) are contributing significantly to the success of the Czech economy -similar to the situation in Western Europe during the 1950s and 1960s – as will be shown below, the Czech population lacks enthusiasm for the presence of foreigners on its soil, and the contribution of immigrants to the economy remains largely unrecognized. Czech public opinion has been strongly influenced by negative stereotypes of immigrants presented by media, which has tended to concentrate on the growing numbers of the immigrants in the country and the problems of integrating newcomers in West European societies. Interestingly, Czech media, politics and public opinion tend to mirror the Western debates about immigration and largely ignore the reality in the country. The demographic and economic need for immigration in the Czech Republic is similar to that which was present in Western Europe during the early second half of twentieth century, but it is obfuscated by contemporary scepticism and suspicion of immigrants. As a nascent country of immigration, the question for the Czech Republic is whether this scepticism will make for more considered policies that can learn from the problems of migration management of the West. To begin to answer this question, our analysis will start with a historical overview of the situation in Western Europe, followed by a discussion of securitisation theory in relation to Western Europe more broadly, and followed by a focus on the situation in the Czech Republic.
Component-Based Vulnerability Analysis for Residential Structures Subjected to Storm Surge Impact from Hurricane Sandy

AbstractIn this study, manual and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys of physical damage to structures in Ortley Beach, New Jersey, following Hurricane Sandy are used to assess the vulnerability of residential structures to storm surge. First, using photographs from the manual survey, the performance of building components prone to surge damage (foundations, exterior walls, and wall siding) is assessed according to failure mechanism, construction type, and material. General observations include widespread failure of closed foundations, significant vulnerability of exterior walls to surge loads and waterborne debris impact, and the extensive loss of vinyl lap siding. The effect of the built environment is also investigated, revealing that the study area consists of two regions: one heavily damaged due to the failure of coastal dunes and another partially protected by large oceanfront structures acting as artificial breakwaters. The performance of individual structures is likewise found to strongly ...
Egr-5 is a post-mitotic regulator of planarian epidermal differentiation

Tissues in adult animals contain cells called adult stem cells, which can divide to generate more adult stem cells (in a process called self-renewal) or specialize into other cell types (via a process called differentiation). This means that adult stem cells can replace the specialized cells that are continually lost from animal tissues and organs. This allows the organs to continue to work properly. It is important to understand how adult stem cells decide whether to self-renew or differentiate because if they proliferate too much they may form abnormal growths such as tumors. On the other hand, if adult stem cells do not properly differentiate into specialized cells it can lead to tissue degeneration or even premature aging. Now Tu et al. have used planarian flatworms, which are considered masters of regeneration, as a model to study how adult stem cells differentiate into more specialized cells. In particular, the experiments explored how the flatworm’s adult stem cells (which are called neoblasts) develop into the epidermal cells that form the equivalent of the worm’s skin. Tu et al. show that when a neoblast becomes a mature epidermal cell, it has to undergo multiple transition steps. Slightly different genes are expressed during each step, but a gene called egr-5 controls the expression of all of these marker genes. The egr-5 gene is highly expressed when cells start to develop into epidermal cells. Reducing this gene’s activity blocks the cells from differentiating properly, meaning that they do not form mature epidermal cells. The loss of new epidermal cells causes a disruption in the overall integrity of the worm’s outer surface and this triggers a wound response throughout the whole animal. The neoblasts in turn respond by proliferating excessively and generating other differentiated cells such as neurons and gut cells. However, without egr-5, the flatworms still cannot make new epidermal cells and they ultimately die. The findings highlight that the development of epithelial cells in this relatively simple organism is much more complicated than suspected. In the future, it will be important to understand how the egr-5 gene controls the proper differentiation and maturation of epidermal cells and whether these mechanisms are conserved in other animals.
Surgical bladder-preserving techniques in the management of muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Abstract Purpose Bladder preservation surgical strategies for the treatment of invasive bladder cancer have been developed to provide options to those patients who are medically unfit to undergo radical extirpative surgery or prefer conservative therapy for limited disease. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the available bladder-preserving surgical techniques for treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods We performed a thorough literature search to determine the available bladder-preserving treatments for muscle-invasive bladder cancer as well as their corresponding outcomes. Results Available surgical strategies include radical transurethral resection (TUR) with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, partial cystectomy and multi-modal therapy. Patient selection is critical in determining which patients can safely be offered bladder preservation therapies. Disease characteristics that portend more favorable outcomes in the setting of bladder preservation include cT2 stage, unifocal tumor, the absence of carcinoma in situ and hydronephrosis, and complete TUR. Several new technologies, including fluorescence and cryoablation treatment, have been incorporated into existing treatment modalities to improve surgical precision and margins. Ongoing studies aimed at improving the accuracy of clinical staging can further refine patient selection and improve clinical outcomes. Conclusions Surgical bladder preservation techniques for treatment of invasive bladder cancer requires careful, long-term follow-up. Prospective, randomized studies comparing bladder sparing treatment modalities with radical cystectomy are needed, but ultimately will be difficult to accrue due to a variety of factors.
The Effect of Growth Ambients on the Local Atomic Structure of Thermally Grown Silicon Dioxide Thin Films

This paper represents a study of the local atomic structure of SiO2 films formed by thermal oxidation in dry oxygen, pyrolytic steam, and a variety of different sequences of these ambients. All oxidations were carried out at 850 °C. Local atomic structure was studied via infrared spectroscopy (IR). The growth ambient dependence of the frequency v, and half-width Δv, of the bond stretching feature, and the refractive index, n, was investigated. Consistent with previous work [1,2] it was found that.when the majority of the sample thickness was grown in steam the oxides were generally less dense than dry oxides. Also, the last ambient in a sequential oxidation process was found to have the most influence on the oxide properties. The observed variations in v, Δv, and n could be readily explained in terms of systematic changes in the bond angle at the oxygen bonding site between corner connected tetrahedra.
Atomic Structure OF YΣ=5 (130) Symmetrical Tilt Boundary In Strontium Titanate

The atomic structure of a pristine (undoped) boundary in strontium titanate has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy techniques. Results of electron diffraction studies indicate a pure tilt boundary with a common \001] tilt axis, and a tilt angle of 36.8°, which corresponds to a Σ-= 5 grain boundary in the Coincidence Site Lattice (CSL) notation. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) indicates a symmetric tilt grain boundary with a (130) type grain boundary plane. No cation non-stoichiometry or impurity segregants could be detected at the interface, within the limits of the Energy Dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique used. The grain boundary has a compact core, with negligible planenormal rigid body translation (RBT). An in-plane RBT of (1/2)d 130 (˜ 0.62 A°) was identified from the high resolution electron micrographs. An empirical model of the relaxed atomic structure of the grain boundary is proposed.
Physiologic and morphologic studies on atherosclerotic pigeons.

SummaryMiddle-aged White Carneau pigeons were found to have mean systolic blood pressures of 204 ± 2.3 mm of Hg and diastolic pressures of 140 ± 1.5 mm of Hg. Serum cholesterol levels were found to be 313 ± 7.19 mg% and serum triglyceride levels were 217 ± 11.83 mg%. The aortic atherosclerosis of these birds involved 12.88 ± 0.71% of the intima of the thoracic aorta. The mean per cent of arteries with atherosclerotic lesions in 15 frozen sections of left ventricle and septum of the heart were 6.6 ± 0.85%. The levels of blood pressure among White Carneau pigeons were found to account for very little of the variability in either aortic or coronary artery atherosclerosis. No sex difference could be found in the amount of coronary or aortic atherosclerosis. Serum cholesterol levels were found to be correlated with aortic atherosclerosis among male but not female birds. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were correlated with coronary artery atherosclerosis among female but not male White Carneau pigeons.
Drift of Terrestrial Arthropods in an Irrigation Canal Following a Wide-Area Application of DLV Malathion

Numbers of arthropods drifting in an irrigation canal were recorded at, 30-min intervals during and after an upstream application of ULV malathion. Flower-visiting and parasitic Hymenoptera were the first insects to increase; a bimodal drift pattern resulted from an interruption in the spray application. Diptera exhibited a delayed response but the numbers collected, especially Paracantha culla (Wiedemann), suggest high susceptibility. Ants occurred in large numbers over a long period, but mortality was probably low. Miridae and Cicadellidae were probably more susceptible than Orthopterlt and adult Odonata, but had similar delayed drift patterns. Tetragnathidae were the most, and Thomiscidae the least, susceptible spiders.
Voluntary spatial attention induces spatial facilitation and object-centered suppression.

Many daily activities require encoding spatial locations relative to a reference object (e.g., "leftness"), known as object-centered space. Integrating object-centered space and visual attention, this study reports a new form of attention called object-centered suppression, as revealed by a novel object-centered paradigm. Specifically, after cueing a location within an object (e.g., on the left), performance at 2 locations within another, uncued object was worse for the location that shared the same object-centered space as the cued location (e.g., on the left) than the location that did not (e.g., on the right). Because these 2 locations were equidistant to the cued location and because both appeared within the same object, the effect could not be explained by space-based or object-based accounts of attention. Alternative accounts based on attentional capture were also refuted. Instead, a novel object-centered Simon effect (stimulus-response interference) reveals automatic object-centered spatial coding, supporting an object-centered account: when attention is disengaged from an invalidly cued location, a negative attention priority signal at the cued location is tagged and transferred across objects in an object-centered manner. Object-centered suppression therefore unveils a new functional footprint of voluntary spatial attention, integrating space-based and object-based selection through object-centered space. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Framework for climate services in developing countries

An embryonic framework now exists for the provision of climate services in developing countries via the Regional Climate Outlook Forum supported by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) project. However, in general, the major advances in climate science research made during recent decades have hardly improved climate services or socio-economic conditions. It is therefore important, while the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) is being developed, to examine the reasons for these shortcomings and formulate the appropriate mechanisms to address this problem. Although the lack of financial and technological resources, and the necessary infrastructure are critical drawbacks to addressing the climate change problem, we believe the major obstacle is the existence of a self-sustaining cycle, which is continuously eroding and undermining progress. This cycle begins with poor support and funding for research and climate services, leading to the inability of climate service providers to meet stakeholder needs and, thus, further eroding support and perpetuating the cycle. We propose an alternative approach that would break this cycle and create a new class of stakeholders for climate services in developing countries, who will use and advocate for funding and other forms of support for relevant research in the field and its outcomes. We propose a framework for the development of climate risk management strategies (CRMS) and climate services in developing countries. This framework comprises 3 components, namely, implementation sites for the CRMS incubation projects, a joint task force of Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) and CLIPS for guiding the relevant cross-cut research, and a WMO-World Climate Research Program mechanism for coordinating the CRMS agenda.
The Continuing Path of Distortion: The Protestant Ethic and Max Weber's School Enrolment Statistics

Things are not always as they seem. A cursory examination of a table of statistics cited in the Weber thesis appears to reveal striking differences in the educational 'preferences' of Catholics and Protestants. Careful scrutiny, however, on a number of grounds, especially in light of the importance that Weber attaches to these statistics in the articulation of his thesis, reveals that not only are the statistics seriously compromised by errors and omissions, but they lead to an evolving state of confusion engendered by scholars who, while engaged in the concealment or ostensible correction of these flaws by often dubious means, have published changed and conflicting versions of Weber's statistics. By examining two recently published new English translations of the Weber thesis, this study resolves and clarifies some of the uncertainties surrounding the proper interpretation of these statistics within the context of Weber's theoretical argument and the socio-political climate in which they were produced. The reader is invited to explore how reverential bias in classical scholarship actually emerges.
ELECTROLYTES | Solid: Sodium Ions

The physical and chemical properties of ion-conducting solids based on beta alumina structures are described. The very existence of the successful sodium/sulfur and sodium/metal halide (zebra) batteries is due to the remarkable properties of these materials, which are able to act simultaneously as electronically insulating ceramic separators and ideal electrolytes.
What Is Teaching, After All?

Some readers may wonder why the chapter that asks “what is teaching, after all?” appears as Chapter 8 instead of Chapter 1. The reason is that the nuances and subtleties of the analysis I wish to offer here will resonate much more deeply (I think) now that I have taken time to discuss both my educational philosophy and many of teaching’s important dynamics in everyday classrooms. I hope my discussion here will be seen as an extension of arguments that I have been making from page one rather than as a pert and peppy way to give book buyers their money’s worth by offering a carry-away definition. Besides, my notion of what-teaching-is-after-all is not a starting point. It is a culmination, the consequence of many prior considerations.
Haunted by Math: The Impact of Policy and Practice on Students with Math Learning Disabilities in the Transition to Post-Secondary Education in Mumbai, India

Only six states in India currently identify learning disabilities as a category of disability.┬a This article highlights the challenges students with math learning disabilities face in their transition from secondary school to higher secondary education and Bachelor of Commerce degree programs in the state of Maharashtra. While the current educational policy aims to help students with learning disabilities participate in the general education curriculum and pass the 10th standard secondary exam, the implementation of curricular modifications has repercussions in post-secondary settings when students lack the math content knowledge for a required math course in their BachelorΓCOs degree program. This qualitative study highlights the transitional experiences of secondary and post-secondary individuals with math learning disabilities in Mumbai through interviews with students, college administrators, and lecturers; and a document review of MaharashtraΓCOs special education policies. The results suggest that current special education policies and college practices in Mumbai do not prepare students with math learning disabilities with the math knowledge that they need to succeed in post-secondary mathematics courses. Current higher secondary and post-secondary interventions in Mumbai are reviewed and implications for policy and practice for all levels of education are discussed.
Characterization of a nuclear medicine gamma camera as a gamma spectrometer for low activity sources

A nuclear medicine gamma camera (Siemens HD3) has been characterized for use as a gamma spectrometer over an energy range of 30–690 keV. To our knowledge, there is no other published data on the behavior of commercial gamma cameras over this complete energy range. Low activity γ-sources (109Cd, 57Co, 133Ba, 22Na, and 137Cs) were used to calibrate the system energy response, linearity and resolution, at 88, 122, 356, 511, and 662 keV, respectively. The gamma camera characterized is a typical commercial imaging system.
Faster self-paced rate of drinking for alcohol mixed with energy drinks versus alcohol alone

The consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has been associated with higher rates of binge drinking and impaired driving when compared with alcohol alone. However, it remains unclear why the risks of use of AmED are heightened compared with alcohol alone even when the doses of alcohol consumed are similar. Therefore, the purpose of this laboratory study was to investigate if the rate of self-paced beverage consumption was faster for a dose of AmED versus alcohol alone using a double-blind, within-subjects, placebo-controlled study design. Participants (n = 16) of equal gender who were social drinkers attended 4 separate test sessions that involved consumption of alcohol (1.97 ml/kg vodka) and energy drinks, alone and in combination. On each test day, the dose assigned was divided into 10 cups. Participants were informed that they would have a 2-h period to consume the 10 drinks. After the self-paced drinking period, participants completed a cued go/no-go reaction time (RT) task and subjective ratings of stimulation and sedation. The results indicated that participants consumed the AmED dose significantly faster (by ∼16 min) than the alcohol dose. For the performance task, participants' mean RTs were slower in the alcohol conditions and faster in the energy-drink conditions. In conclusion, alcohol consumers should be made aware that rapid drinking might occur for AmED beverages, thus heightening alcohol-related safety risks. The fast rate of drinking may be related to the generalized speeding of responses after energy-drink consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record
Cost-Minimization Analysis of Open and Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release.

Background: Carpal tunnel release is the most common upper-limb surgical procedure performed annually in the U.S. There are 2 surgical methods of carpal tunnel release: open or endoscopic. Currently, there is no clear clinical or economic evidence supporting the use of one procedure over the other. We completed a cost-minimization analysis of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release, testing the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the procedures in terms of cost. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review using a private-payer and Medicare Advantage database composed of 16 million patient records from 2007 to 2014. The cohort consisted of records with an ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and a CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) code for carpal tunnel release. Payer fees were used to define cost. We also assessed other associated costs of care, including those of electrodiagnostic studies and occupational therapy. Bivariate comparisons were performed using the chi-square test and the Student t test. Results: Data showed that 86% of the patients underwent open carpal tunnel release. Reimbursement fees for endoscopic release were significantly higher than for open release. Facility fees were responsible for most of the difference between the procedures in reimbursement: facility fees averaged $1,884 for endoscopic release compared with $1,080 for open release (p < 0.0001). Endoscopic release also demonstrated significantly higher physician fees than open release (an average of $555 compared with $428; p < 0.0001). Occupational therapy fees associated with endoscopic release were less than those associated with open release (an average of $237 per session compared with $272; p = 0.07). The total average annual reimbursement per patient for endoscopic release (facility, surgeon, and occupational therapy fees) was significantly higher than for open release ($2,602 compared with $1,751; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our data showed that the total average fees per patient for endoscopic release were significantly higher than those for open release, although there currently is no strong evidence supporting better clinical outcomes of either technique. Clinical Relevance: Value-based health-care models that favor delivering high-quality care and improving patient health, while also minimizing costs, may favor open carpal tunnel release.
Abstract #4463: Targeted imaging of prostate cancer: the smart-bomb pro-drug delivery mechanism

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO Introduction . Contrast enhanced TRUS, multimodality 3T MRI and nuclear bone scans are the most advanced imaging modalities used in contemporary urological practice for the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. All of these imaging modalities may be considered prostate imaging modalities, not prostate cancer imaging modalities. With an increasing number of patients with minimal prostate cancer and opting for either focal treatment or active surveillance, the need for accurate tools for diagnosis and follow-up is eminent. We present our initial experience with two prostate cancer specific imaging pro-drugs. The core of these drugs is thapsigargin, a non-specific highly cytotoxic agent. A tyrosine ring is added for the coupling of imaging probes. The pro-drugs are inactivated due to the binding of a specific amino acid sequence, which can be clipped off by either PSMA or PSA proteases. The resulting activated free-drug is taken up by the prostate cancer cells, resulting in a dual smart-bomb effect of targeted prostate cancer specific imaging and treatment. Materials and methods . Imaging pro-drugs: JHD-9783 (PSMA) and JHD-9784 (PSA) were designed on the basis of 2 therapeutic pro-drugs: G202 (PSMA) and G114 (PSA). The difference between the 2 groups is the addition of a tyrosine ring for imaging probe linking (125I). For characterization of the drugs, MTT and protease-cleavage experiments were performed on LNCaP cell cultures. HPLC and LC-MS were used to analyze different cleavage metabolites. Standard electrophilic iodination chemistry was performed to iodinate the drugs with cold NaI and hot Na125I. SPECT-CT imaging experiments were performed on nude mice bearing LNCaP, LAPC4 or CWR-22R-H subcutaneous tumors. Results . MTT results showed a slightly reduced cell kill for JHD-9783 and JHD-9784, in comparison to G202 and G114. The IC50 for JHD-9783 was 10uM, for JHD-9784 2.5uM. LC-MS analysis showed that LNCaP cells cleaved the PSMA and the PSA pro-drugs into respective free-drug version. The free-drug was found in the cells, and to a lesser degree in the cell media. SPECT-CT imaging of the tumor bearing mice showed uptake by tumors, together with uptake by thyroid, liver and spleen. The PSMA imaging drug was also detectable in the kidneys and bladder. No toxicity was noted. Conclusion . In this study we present our initial experience with 2 prostate cancer targeted imaging drugs. By using the specific protease activity of PSA and PSMA, an inactivated pro-drug is activated in a free-drug and taken up by the cell, resulting in a dual effect of targeted imaging and therapy for prostate cancer. Initial imaging results showed tumor uptake, but also non specific uptake by different organs. Future experiments will address that problem. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4463.
Two paradigms for religious representation: The physicist and the playground (a reply to Levy).

Abstract In an earlier issue, I argue (2014) that psychology and epistemology should distinguish religious credence from factual belief. These are distinct cognitive attitudes. Levy (2017) rejects this distinction, arguing that both religious and factual “beliefs” are subject to “shifting” on the basis of fluency and “intuitiveness.” Levy’s theory, however, (1) is out of keeping with much research in cognitive science of religion and (2) misrepresents the notion of factual belief employed in my theory. So his claims don’t undermine my distinction. I conclude by suggesting some approaches to empirically testing our views.
Effect of exogenous gibberellin on endogenous hormone content and development of 'Black Corinth' grapes

The relationship between growth and development of potassium gibberellate (KGA3 )-treated 'Black Corinth' berries and changes in the level of hormones was studied from anthesis to maturity. Growth rate curves for fresh weight and volume had peaks corresponding to stages I and III. The curve for dry weight showed only one large pea k that occurred in stage III. Associated with the first period of rapid growth (stage I) was a rapid increase in concentration of hormone. Application of KGA3 increased auxin activity within 3 hours after treatment, and berries from KGA3-treated vines maintained a higher level of auxin activity during stage I and stage II than did berries from untreated vines. Hormone content decreased during the period of retarded growth (stage II), and continued at a low level until harvest.
Human-centric computing — The case for a Hyper-Dimensional approach

Some of most compelling application domains of the IoT and Swarm concepts relate to how humans interact with the world around it and the cyberworld beyond. While the proliferation of communication and data processing devices has profoundly altered our interaction patterns, little has been changed in the way we process inputs (sensory) and outputs (actuation). The combination of IoT (Swarms) and wearable devices offers the potential for changing all of this, opening the door for true human augmentation. The epitome of this would be a direct interface to the human brain. Yet, making sense of the plethora of information received from the often noisy sensors and making reliable decisions within very tight latency bounds (< 10 ms) typically demands huge computational workloads to be performed in wearable form factors at extreme energy efficiency. In this presentation, we will make the case why alternative non-Von Neumann computational paradigms and architectures may be the right choice for these cognitive processing tasks. Even more, we will focus on a computational model called Hyper-Dimensional Computing (HDC), and illustrate with concrete examples of why this approach may be the right one in a post-Moore data-driven arena.
ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES ET RÉSILIENCE : EFFETS DES ÉMOTIONS POSITIVES SUR LE BIEN-ÊTRE PHYSIQUE ET PSYCHOLOGIQUE

L’article presente la theorie de Fredrickson sur les emotions positives dite « expansion et construction » (broaden and build) ainsi que des resultats qui la soutiennent. Dans le contexte de cette theorie, nous discutons des bienfaits de l’expansion et de la construction des emotions positives sur la sante physique et psychologique : une resilience aguerrie, des strategies efficaces face au stress ainsi que la recuperation physiologique a la suite d’experiences negatives. Enfin, nous presentons un bref apercu des approches passees et actuelles pour l’etude des emotions positives et nous proposons de nouvelles techniques pour la mesure de ces emotions en utilisant les nouvelles technologies mobiles.
Breast Imaging: Tomosynthesis, Elastography, Breast MRI and Emerging Techniques

Breast imaging plays a critical role in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of both benign breast disease and breast cancer. Over the past two decades, there has been exponential growth in the variety of available imaging modalities. In this chapter, we review the current role of digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis, contrast-enhanced mammography, breast ultrasound and elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging in the primary and supplemental screening of asymptomatic women and in management of women diagnosed with breast cancer. By understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies, providers will be able to optimize the care of women with suspected or newly diagnosed malignancies.
Gender difference of shoulder-pelvic kinematic integration for trunk rotation directions in healthy older adults.

Abstract Background The trunk coordination pattern has been extensively studied, and there is a higher pain prevalence and asymmetry in female older adults. However, there is a lack of investigation of different directions of trunk rotation and asymmetrical compensatory strategies of motor control between genders. The purpose of this study was to investigate shoulder and pelvic ranges of motion (ROM) as well as relative phases (RP) for the different directions of trunk rotation between genders in healthy older adults. Methods There were 62 right hand dominant older adults in this study (31 female subjects (68.4 [5.62] years) and 31 male subjects (68.7 [5.68] years)). The participants performed trunk axial rotation from the left to the right direction (RP1) and then returned to the left side (RP2), three times repeatedly in standing. The measurements included shoulder and pelvic ROM, RP1, and RP2. The RP was defined as the average absolute relative phase, which was the difference between the phase angle of the shoulder and the phase angle of the pelvis during trunk rotation. Findings The female group demonstrated significantly greater pelvic rotation compared to the male group (98.64 [24.67] vs. 86.96 [18.97]; t = 2.09, p = 0.04) during trunk rotation. The pelvic ROM demonstrated a significant positive correlation with shoulder ROM in both genders; however, the RP was negatively correlated with the pelvis. For pelvic rotation, the male group demonstrated a negative correlation with RP1 ( r = − 0.68, p r = − 0.60, p r = − 0.53, p Interpretation Although no gender difference was indicated on the direction of RP, the pelvic ROM was significantly lesser in the male group. The male group demonstrated lesser pelvic rotation in both directions of rotation; however, the female group showed lesser pelvic rotation in RP2. The male group demonstrated stiffened pelvic rotation and greater shoulder rotation in both directions while the female group demonstrated pelvic stiffness only in the direction from right to left rotation. Clinicians need to consider this directional asymmetry of trunk rotation to enhance integrated shoulder-pelvic coordination in female older adults. Mini abstract A coordinative pattern of different directions of trunk rotation was investigated in healthy older adults. The pelvic range of motion was lesser in the male group compared with the female group. The female group demonstrated pelvic stiffness only in the direction from right to left rotation, while the male group demonstrated pelvic stiffness in both directions. Clinicians need to understand the gender difference of directional coordination as integrated coordination in female older adults.
Acute Myocardial Infarct Scintigraphy with Infarct-Avid Radiotracers

The selective uptake of radiopharmaceuticals by acutely infarcted myocardium has emerged as an independent, noninvasive technique to aid in the detection, localization, and quantification of myocardial necrosis.
Self-organization and progenitor targeting generate stable patterns in planarian regeneration

During animal regeneration, cells must organize into discrete and functional systems. We show that self-organization, along with patterning cues, govern progenitor behavior in planarian regeneration. Surgical paradigms allowed the manipulation of planarian eye regeneration in predictable locations and numbers, generating alternative stable neuroanatomical states for wild-type animals with multiple functional ectopic eyes. We used animals with multiple ectopic eyes and eye transplantation to demonstrate that broad progenitor specification, combined with self-organization, allows anatomy maintenance during regeneration. We propose a model for regenerative progenitors involving (i) migratory targeting cues, (ii) self-organization into existing or regenerating eyes, and (iii) a broad zone, associated with coarse progenitor specification, in which eyes can be targeted by progenitors. These three properties help explain how tissues can be organized during regeneration.
Free-radical chain reactions of organic mercury and tin compounds

Free-radical chain reactions of organic mercury and tin compounds، للحصول على النص الكامل يرجى زيارة مكتبة الحسين بن طلال في جامعة اليرموك او زيارة موقعها الالكتروني
Rhinoceros unicornis (Great Indian one-horned rhinoceros)

Most of the longer autosomes possess a short second arm, but it is difficult to draw a line where subtelocentrics end and acrocentrics begin. Arbitrarily, the first row fo 10 pairs can be regarded as subtelocentrics.
Analysis of the response to ACTH by rat adrenal in a flowing system.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a flowing system for the study of adrenocortical function using rat tissue in vitro, in which the fluorometric measure of corticosterone is completely automated. In the study, the apparatus was assembled from standard pumps, tubing, and fittings supplied by Technicon Corporation and from common laboratory parts. The apparatus was calibrated by the passage of standard amounts of corticosterone. When adrenal tissue was introduced into the flowing system, there was an immediate high increase in fluorescence values. The flowing system was uniquely suited to studying the influence of the rate of dose administration of adrenocorticotropic hormone on the adrenal response. When a standard solution of corticosterone was introduced into the flowing system, there was no apparent response for approximately 20 min. The delays encountered when the source of corticosterone is adrenocortical tissue are the same as those with the standard solution of corticosterone.
A Conceptual Framework for Developing an Implantable Research Platform: A Multimodality Approach to Stimulating and Recording

Implantable medical devices are commonly used in research studies, clinical trials, and direct patient care and have been for many years. Researchers have targeted the application of these devices on specific application domains such as neural prosthetics, cardiac rhythm, and implantable drug delivery. This study proposes a configurable electronics implantable platform based on core capabilities that can be applied across various application domains. This platform provides a combination of general purpose capabilities such as programmable interval, bi-directional radio-frequency wireless communication for data transmission and control, configurable front-end circuitry to provide electrical stimulation and electrophysiology pre-amplifiers, analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion capability, a core computational engine (microprocessor or FPGA), scalable input-output manifold options, data compression and variable bandwidth features, and single-use or wirelessly rechargeable battery variants. These capabilities will be configurable into custom, application-specific devices which can be used for a variety of acute and chronic studies.
Periphytic algae decouple fungal activity from leaf litter decomposition via negative priming

1. Well-documented in terrestrial settings, priming effects describe stimulated heterotrophic microbial activity and decomposition of recalcitrant carbon by additions of labile carbon. In aquatic settings, algae produce labile exudates which may elicit priming during organic matter decomposition, yet the directions and mechanisms of aquatic priming effects remain poorly tested. 2. We tested algal-induced priming during decomposition of two leaf species of contrasting recalcitrance, Liriodendron tulipifera and Quercus nigra, in experimental streams under light or dark conditions. We measured litter-associated algal, bacterial, and fungal biomass and activity, stoichiometry, and litter decomposition rates over 43 days. 3. Light increased algal biomass and production rates and increased bacterial abundance 141-733% and fungal production rates 20-157%. Incubations with a photosynthesis inhibitor established that algal activity directly stimulated fungal production rates in the short-term. 4. Algal-stimulated fungal production rates on both leaf species were not coupled to long-term increases in fungal biomass accrual or litter decomposition rates, which were 154-157% and 164-455% greater in the dark, respectively. The similar patterns on fast- vs. slow-decomposing L. tulipifera and Q. nigra, respectively, indicated that substrate recalcitrance may not mediate priming strength or direction. 5. In this example of negative priming, periphytic algae decoupled fungal activity from decomposition, likely by providing labile carbon invested toward greater fungal growth and reproduction instead of recalcitrant carbon degradation. If common, algal-induced negative priming could stimulate heterotrophy reliant on labile carbon yet suppress decomposition of recalcitrant carbon, modifying energy and nutrients available to upper trophic levels and enhancing organic carbon storage or export in well-lit aquatic habitats.
A TeraMAC Neuromorphic Photonic Processor

We show that an integrated laser neuron can exhibit extraordinary low latency (<1ns) and speed (∼1 × 1012 MACs/s per device) compared to state-of-the-art processors in digital electronics. We experimentally demonstrate positive (excitatory) and negative (inhibitory) inputs with 8× wavelength channels, and efficiency (<1pJ/MAC) during closed-loop operation.