cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Procedures for Robust and Efficient Solution of Over-Constrained Multibody Dynamics

The basic steps of a computer-based methodology that generates optimized runtime algorithms to achieve robust, stable, and efficient solution of constrained, multibody dynamics are summarized. The concept of using processors operating in the background to improve many aspects of an executing program’s performance on arbitrary models is introduced. Among the many optimizing tasks, algorithm processors extract model topology from body and joint descriptions, set up recursive spatial kinematics and generalized dynamics algorithms, block-partition constraints and apply Gaussian elimination with complete pivoting to identify and change dependent and independent variable sets, convert constraints into row-reduced, echelon form, permute the constrained generalized equations to achieve stable and efficient solutions, and set up recursive sparse uncoupling and solve algorithms to minimize fills and operations count. To accomplish these tasks, processors assess model-specific algorithm requirements and use this information to generate source and destination memory pointer arrays and arrays of pointers to structures and optimized functions. In essence, they wire and rewire runtime algorithms as needed to maintain robust, stable, and efficient solutions throughout a simulation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Quinacridone‐Based Electron Transport Layers for Enhanced Performance in Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells

A water/alcohol-soluble small molecule based on the commercially available pigment quinacridone is employed as an electron transport layer in organic photovoltaics. The quinacridone derivative is utilized in solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells to improve primarily the fill factor of the devices, contributing to an upwards of 19% enhancement in the power conversion efficiency relative to the control devices with no electron transport layer. The facile synthesis of the quinacridone derivative coupled with the ease of device fabrication via solution processing provide a simple, yet effective means of improving the performance of existing organic photovoltaic cells.
CEACAM6 gene silencing impairs anoikis resistance and in vivo metastatic ability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells

Anoikis is the apoptotic response induced in normal cells by inadequate or inappropriate adhesion to substrate. It is postulated that resistance to anoikis facilitates tumorigenesis and metastasis. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member overexpressed in a number of human cancers and implicated in anoikis resistance. We tested the effect of CEACAM6 gene silencing on anoikis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. Anoikis was induced in PANC1, Capan2, MiaPaCa2 and Mia(AR) (a MiaPaCa2-derived anoikis-resistant subline) by culture in poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-coated wells. Anoikis was quantified by YO-PRO-1/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. The role of caspase activation was determined using fluorometric profiling and the caspase inhibitor Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-fmk). CEACAM6 expression was suppressed by RNA interference. Using a nude mouse orthotopic xenograft model, we assessed the effect of this treatment on in vivo metastatic ability. Anoikis resistance was associated with increased CEACAM6 expression. CEACAM6-specific short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA), but not control siRNA, increased susceptibility to caspase-mediated anoikis, an effect abrogated by Z-VAD-fmk, and decreased Akt phosphorylation (Ser-473) under anchorage-independent conditions. CEACAM6 gene silencing reversed the acquired anoikis resistance of Mia(AR) and inhibited its in vivo metastatic ability. CEACAM6 warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms and Social Support in Adolescent Mothers

Previous studies have suggested that adolescent mothers with higher social support have lower depressive symptoms. This is a longitudinal study of adolescent mothers to examine the association of social support and depressive symptoms over one year postpartum. This was a prospective study of adolescent mothers (N at baseline = 120, N at 1 year = 89; age < 19 years) enrolled in a teen tot program. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for children (CES-DC) and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire at baseline, 12 weeks, and 1 year. A score of ≥ 16 on the CES-DC was suggestive of major depression. The mean CES-DC scores of the adolescent mothers were ≥ 16 points at all three time points (baseline: mean = 18.7 ± 10.3; 53% ≥ 16; 12 weeks: mean = 18.4 ± 11.4, 57% ≥ 16; one year: mean = 20.0 ± 11.4; 57% ≥ 16). Social support had a significant, inverse association with depressive symptoms for all participants from baseline to 12 weeks with a stronger association for those with more depressive symptoms (score ≥ 16) at baseline (beta = -0.030 ± 0.007; P < 0.001) than for those with fewer depressive symptoms (score < 16) at baseline (beta = -0.013 ± 0.006; P = 0.021). From 12 weeks to one year, increased social support was only significantly associated with decreased depressive symptoms for those with a higher baseline level of depressive symptoms (beta = - 0.039 ± 0.009; P < 0.001). Depressive symptoms were prevalent among adolescent mothers. For more depressed adolescent mothers, higher levels of social support were associated with less depressive symptoms over the 1 year follow-up. Effective long-term interventions are needed to lessen depression and enhance social support.
Metabolic activity of cotton roots in response to temperature

Abstract Root growth, under genetic control, responds to numerous environmental stimuli. The occurrence of below optimal soil temperatures for root growth of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) at planting time may delay seedling establishment and reduce seasonal crop productivity. The present study assessed cotton root growth and metabolism at various temperatures to determine if observed temperature responses were related to developmental changes in seedling growth. Studies monitoring seedling root growth revealed distinct temperature optima for the cotton seedling. Analysis of the temperature characteristics of in vivo mitochondrial electron transport measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction showed that the temperature optima of root metabolism at 10 days after planting (DAP) was lower than that obtained from the measure of accumulated root growth at 10 DAP. The differences in the temperature optima appear to be associated with dynamic changes in seedling development which may be related to changes in stored seed reserves. Metabolic temperature responses are broad during peak seed reserve mobilization and become narrow with the depletion of available reserves. Measurement of root length or root number at 10 DAP would reflect a composite of narrow and broad metabolic temperature sensitivities. Because root development is linked to this composite of metabolic temperature responses, the temperatures providing the maximum root size at 10 DAP are actually higher than the optimum temperature for metabolism under the non-saturating substrate levels associated with the majority of the growing season. Evaluation of cotton root growth responses to shoot and root temperatures within or below cotton's thermal kinetic window revealed enhanced root growth when the roots temperatures were within the thermal kinetic window. These findings provide new insights for evaluation of the temperature characteristics of root growth.
Review of developments in portable hydrogen production using microreactor technology.

This paper reviews work that is being done in the area of hydrogen production for low power fuel cell applications (0.1-500W). It focuses on fuel reforming for these low power applications. It reviews many of the state of the art work being done.
Synthesis of a Bis(thiophenolate)pyridine Ligand and Its Titanium, Zirconium, and Tantalum Complexes

A precursor to a new tridentate LX_2 type ligand, bis(thiophenol)pyridine ((SNS)H_2 = (2-C_6H_4SH)_2-2,6-C_5H_3N), was prepared. Bis(thiophenolate)pyridine complexes of Ti, Zr, and Ta having dialkylamido coligands were synthesized and structurally characterized. The zirconium complex (SNS)Zr(NMe_2)_2 (4) displays C_2 symmetry in the solid state, unlike a related bis(phenolate)pyridine compound, C_s-symmetric (ONO)Ti(NMe_2)_2. This change is likely the result of strain about the sulfur atom in the six-membered chelate with longer metal–sulfur and carbon–sulfur bonds. Solid-state structures of tantalum complexes (SNS)Ta(NMe_2)_3 (5) and (SNS)TaCl(NEt_2)_2 (6) also display pronounced C_2 twisting of the SNS ligand. 1D and 2D NMR experiments show that 5 is fluxional, with rotation about the Ta–N(amide) bonds occurring on the NMR time scale that interchange the equatorial amide methyl groups (ΔG^‡_(393) = 25.0(3) kcal/mol). The fluxional behavior of 6 in solution was also studied by variable-temperature ^1H NMR. Observation of separate signals for the diastereotopic protons of the methylene unit of the diethylamide indicates that the complex remains locked on the NMR time scale in one diastereomeric conformation at temperatures below −50 °C, fast rotation about the equatorial amide Ta–N bonds occurs at higher temperature (ΔG^‡_(393) = 13.4(3) kcal/mol), and exchange of diastereomeric methylene protons occurs via inversion at Ta that interconverts antipodes (ΔG^‡_(393) ≈ 14(1) kcal/mol).
Well-Defined Poly(lactic acid)s Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) Side Chains

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side-chain functionalized lactide analogues have been synthesized in four steps from commercially available l-lactide. The key step in the synthesis is the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between PEG-azides and a highly strained spirolactide–heptene monomer, which proceeds in high conversions. The PEG-grafted lactide analogues were polymerized via ring-opening polymerization using triazabicyclodecene as organocatalyst to give well-defined tri- and hepta(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactide)s (PLA) with molecular weights above 10 kDa and polydispersity indices between 1.6 and 2.1. PEG–poly(lactide) (PLA) with PEG chain Mn 2000 was also prepared, but GPC analysis showed a bimodal profile indicating the presence of starting macromonomer. Cell adhesion assays were performed using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells demonstrating that PEG-containing PLA reduces cell adhesion significantly when compared to unfunctionalized PLA.
High speed FIR filter implementation using add and shift method

Distributed Arithmetic based methods are commonly used to implement Digital Signal Processing (DSP) functions such as filters and transforms. These techniques are very efficient for serial implementation of these functions, but occupy large area when fully parallel implementations for high sample rates are required.We present a method for implementing high speed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters using just registered adders and hardwired shifts. We extensively use common subexpression elimination to reduce the number of adders. Furthermore, we present a new technique to reduce the number of latches required in the design. We compare our designs with those produced by Xilinx CoregenTM and we observe up to 50% reduction in the number of slices for fully parallel implementations. We also observed an average performance improvement of 21.6%.
On motion planning in changing, partially predictable environments

We present a framework for analyzing and computing motion plans for a robot that operates in an environment that both varies over time and is not completely predictable. We first classify sources of motion-planning uncertainty into four cat egories, and argue that the problems addressed in this article belong to a fundamental category that has received little atten tion. We treat the changing environment in a flexible manner by combining traditional configuration-space concepts with a Markov process that models the environment. For this context, we then propose the use of a motion strategy, which provides a motion command for the robot for each contingency that it might confront. We allow the specification of a desired per formance criterion, such as time or distance, and determine a motion strategy that is optimal with respect to that criterion. We demonstrate the breadth of our framework by applying it to a variety of motion-planning problems. Examples are com puted for problems that involve a changing ...
Personality and Unrestricted Sexual Behavior: Correlations of Sociosexuality in Caucasian and Asian College Students

Abstract The goal of this study was to explore if and how personality characteristics are associated with sociosexuality (i.e., individual differences in the willingness to engage in sex outside the context of a committed relationship). Toward this end, we used correlation, multiple regression, and path analysis to examine the associations of sociosexuality with: (1) the normal-range personality traits of the five-factor model, (2) a sexual attitude\affect dimension called erotophobia-erotophilia, and (3) ego development. The sample consisted of 350 Asian and Caucasian college students. Our final path model indicated that, regardless of ethnicity, extroversion, low agreeableness, and erotophilia were direct predictors of unrestricted sociosexuality. Furthermore, openness was an indirect predictor of sociosexuality through its association with erotophilia. However, our final path model also included ethnic differences. Specifically, in the Caucasian sample low agreeableness and openness were significant predictors of erotophilia, but in the Asian sample low neuroticism and openness combined to predict erotophilia. Finally, an interaction was observed between ethnicity and ego development in predicting unrestricted sociosexuality. For our Caucasian sample, increases in ego development were negatively correlated with unrestricted sociosexuality, while for Asians, increasing levels of ego development were not associated with sociosexuality. In other words, as ego development increases, Caucasians become more like Asians in that they are more sexually constrained or restricted. In the conclusion, we offer explanations of the results and discuss findings in terms of several theories of human sexual behavior.
Exiled in the Land of the Free: Democracy, Indian Nations, and the U.S. Constitution

"Now available as a paperback, it has become an indispensable work in any discussion on the influences on the framers of the Constitution". (Harvard Review -- paperbacks) "These impressive essays by eight Native American leaders and scholars present persuasive evidence that the American colonists and U.S. founding fathers borrowed from the Iroquois Confederacy and other Indian political institutions in drafting the U.S. Constitution and in creating democratic traditions ... a timely, forceful book". (Publishers Weekly) "The authors make a compelling case for the existence of an Indian civilization of participatory democracy rich in its respect for individual human dignity, yet steeped in values of community.... One thing is clear. The American conscience cannot rest easy when the plight of the Indians is not in our consciousness". (New York Times) "This is a finely tuned chorus of articulate as well as academically recognized native voices, and their work is persuasive". (St. Louis Post Dispatch) "An important and great book". (Library Journal) "Underlying all Indian claims for our attention, and all the arguments in this fine book, is the issue of Indian sovereignty.... Since the Indian peoples are legally (and in common justice) entitled to far more land than they are asking for, why not return to them the dignity of sovereignty as well?" (Peter Matthiessen) This groundbreaking work, which was written into the Congressional Record, has major implications for future relations between Indian tribes and the governments of the United States and other nations. It presents the strongest case ever made for Native American sovereignty.
Measures of individual differences in temperament.

Reliability and validity data are presented for three orthogonal measures of temperament: trait-pleasure, trait-arousal, and trait-dominance. The KR-20 reliability coefficients for the three scales...
Fluctuating crosstalk, deterministic noise, and GA scalability

This paper extends previous work showing how fluctuating crosstalk in a deterministic fitness function introduces noise into genetic algorithms. In that work, we modeled fluctuating crosstalk or nonlinear interactions among building blocks via higher-order Walsh coefficients. The fluctuating crosstalk behaved like exogenous noise and could be handled by increasing the population size and run duration. This behavior held until the strength of the crosstalk far exceeded the underlying fitness variance by a certain factor empirically observed. This paper extends that work by considering fluctuating crosstalk effects on genetic algorithm scalability using smaller-ordered Walsh coefficients on two extremes of building block scaling: uniformly-scaled and exponentially-scaled building blocks. Uniformly-scaled building blocks prove to be more sensitive to fluctuating crosstalk than do exponentially-scaled building blocks in terms of function evaluations and run duration but less sensitive to population sizing for large building-block interactions. Our results also have implications for the relative performance of building-block-wise mutation over crossover.
Estimation of heritabilities for growth, body size, and processing traits in red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard)

Abstract Third-instar red swamp crawfish, Procambarus clarkii, from full-sib families and half-sib families were stocked into separate 2.4-m-diameter fiberglass pools planted with rice (Oryza sativa). Crawfish were harvested after 150 days and measured for total length, total weight, carapace width, carapace length, abdomen width, abdomen depth, chela width, chela lenghth, abdomen meat weight and dressout percentage. Body size traits were adjusted for total length to provide heritability estimates of relative size of various body parts. Heritabilities were estimated for all animals combined and for reproductively mature (Form I) males, immature (Form II and juvenile) males, and females separately. Sire estimates of heritability ranged from 0 to 0.38. All traits show potential for at least moderate improvement through selection, although non-additive sources of variation were found to influence all traits measured.
Rediscovering Japan: some thoughts on change and continuity in traditional Japanese careers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to comment on the articles presented in the Special Issue of Career Development International on “Change and continuity of traditional Japanese careers” (Vol. 11 No. 3).Design/methodology/approach – Commentary is provided to contextualize traditional careers and a quick overview is presented on the likely forces of change at work in Japan.Findings – Continuity is seen as being more prominent in Japan than change because the so‐called employee sovereignty model of organization still holds sway in most large Japanese firms.Originality/value – The paper offers some observations, exhortations and prophecies that pertain to the research reported in the Special Issue and locates this work in a context slightly one‐off from the work itself.
SOCIAL CLASS AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

This paper examines the relationship between violent behavior and a variety of measures of social class. Police records from one study and questionnaire data from two studies are analyzed. The strength of the relationship between class and violence varies significantly, depending primarily on the measure of class used. The implications of these findings are potentially profound for class-based theories of crime and delinquency. Methodological implications of the findings are significant for sampling issues as well as for conceptualizations of class.
The diurnal cycle and locomotion in earthworms

1. The time necessary for crawling 10 cm up an incline of 45° was found for earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris L., during test periods starting at 700, 1200 and 1900. 2. For 446 trials run in the morning, the average time was 17.19 seconds. For 475 tests done at midday, the average was 21.52 seconds, and for 475 trials run at 1900, it was 16.49 seconds. The differences between the averages for 700 and 1200 and for 1200 and 1900 are significant (p<0.001). 3. These results and differences in light-reaction times at 1200 and 1900 are compared.
Adrenergic innervation and stimulation of canine urethra

Sympathetic nervous innervation of the canine urethra was studied using catecholamine histofluorescent straining and the in vitro muscle bath. Morphologically, adrenergic nerves were found terminating on the urethral smooth muscle. Pharmacologically, urethral strips responded like muscle strips from the bladder base to adrenergic stimulation. This evidence supports the concept that the sympathetic nervous system supplies and modulates the function of the smooth muscle stimulation of the rich periurethral vasculature nerve supply.
Food and terroir in the education of Rousseau's Émile

In Rousseau's Emile, the codification of educational theory and practice cannot be separated from its place of origin. The lessons created for the fictional Emile are shaped by Rousseau's French ideals. His theory and pedagogy are reactions to the educational theories and practices of 18th century Europe. As a naturalist, who focuses on the land, Rousseau identifies the significance of agricultural products. Looking at the foods of land Rousseau is able to draw easy and necessary parallels to the nature of the land, products birthed there and the quotidian acts of consumption. The very act of consumption connects humans to the land. This connectedness is the root of terroir. The foods Rousseau chooses to incorporate in his lessons reveals as much about Rousseau and his ideology as it does about France and the pastoral ideals he tries to promote. These foods not only tie children to the land, they also construct a larger social and national identity. Much has been written on Rousseau's Emile from a philosophical and educational perspective. Yet, to date, there has not been anything written on the food Rousseau employs for his lessons or why Rousseau chooses food as an educational/instructional tool. The historical and/or social connections of food present in Rousseau's Emile can be interpreted to analyze the cultural norms and ideals that food fosters.
Measurement of properties of the Higgs boson in the diphoton channel using the ATLAS detector

Results for the properties of the Higgs boson measured in the diphoton decay channel by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented, which include coupling, spin, and differential cross section measurements. Searches for H production and Flavor Changing Neutral Current t → cH decay in this channel are also briefly discussed. The results are based on either the entire data sample collected with the ATLAS detector in 2011 at √s = 7 TeV and 2012 at √s = 8 TeV, or only the entire 8 TeV data sample. Within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties, no significant deviation from the Standard Model expectation is observed.
Beyond the informed consent procedure:continuing consent in human research

An ethnographic field study about informed consent in hepatitis C clinical trials provides insight into how changes in protocol requirements and patient health status triggered the actions and decisions of researchers and human subjects during the conduct of these trials. U.S. federal guidelines recommend that informed consent should be conceptualized as more than a one-time event. Rather, a process of continuing consent should be the standard but little is understood about how exactly this process should unfold. We used a proposed typology of continuing consent to frame our analysis and were able to document that only some of the proposed types took place at the site of our study. The most frequent practice involved the researchers' re-consent of their subjects for major protocol revisions. Only one subject dissented and chose to withdraw even though he was technically eligible to continue in the study. Two other types of continuing consent were not observed. We discovered an additional type of continuing consent not described in the typology whereby subjects gave implied consent through their cooperation and adherence to the on-going requirements of the protocols. Implications for the informed consent process and the need for further research are presented.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Vacuum-Sealed Casting Process

The V-Process is one of the most exciting metal casting techniques developed recently, and it has many advantages compared to conventional casting methods. In this paper the results of the CFD modeling of mold filling process are presented. A vacuum-sealed step pattern has been used as a molding. Direct numerical simulations were conducted using a commercial CFD code (FLOW-3D software, Flow Simulations, Inc.) for the conventional gravity mold filling technique. Flow velocity, pressure and fluid fraction distributions are obtained for this casting method. The results of the numerical simulations are compared to those obtained experimentally.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Boundary Objects and Prototypesat the Interfaces of Engineering Design

The primary hypothesis of this paper is that internal and external changes in design and manufacturing organizations affect the viability of boundary objects (representations, drawings, models – virtual and physical) and require changes in the underlying distributed cognitive models. Internal and external factors include new advances in technologies, insights into organizational processes, organizational restructuring and change of market focus. If the above hypothesis is true, then there are consequences for the methodologies of designing computational support systems for co-operative engineering work. We provide evidence by describing three empirical studies of engineering design we have performed in large organizations. We investigate how changing technologies disrupt the common grounds among interfaces and how this opens debate on the role of boundary objects, especially in the product visualization and analysis arena. We then argue that changes in market forces and other factors leading to changes in organizational structures often lead to erosion of common understanding of representations and prototypes, above all at the interfaces. We conclude by making the case that every structural and information flow change in engineering organizations is accompanied by the potential deterioration of the common ground. This requires the synthesis of new common grounds to accommodate the needs of new interfaces.
Mechanisms of formation of θ and dissolution of θ′ precipitates in an Al-4% Cu alloy

Abstract The mechanisms through which equilibrium θ precipitates are formed and transitional θ′ precipitates are dissolved in an Al-4% Cu alloy have been studied by means of high temperature transmission electron microscopy. Pre-aging specimens to α + θ′ in bulk form and then completing the aging process in the microscope produced crystals whose morphology, numbers and crystallography are essentially the same as in bulk specimens. Three reactions occur simultaneously during the formation of θ crystals. Following the nucleation of θ at α:θ′ boundaries, (1) θ consumes the θ′ plates at which it nucleated, (2) regions of the α matrix surrounding these θ crystals simultaneously transform to θ, and (3) θ′ plates in the vicinity of growing θ crystals dissolve. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the growth of θ into a, rather than the θ′ → θ transformation, is the rate controlling process during the initial stages in the growth of θ crystals. The diffusion coefficients calculated from these studies are about an order of magnitude higher than values for volume interdiffusion in bulk specimens. “Short circuit” diffusion along the surfaces of the thin foils seems primarily responsible for the discrepancy. The rate of shortening of θ′ plates was found to increase with time, whereas the rate of lengthening of θ plates (and of precipitate plates in other alloy systems) is usually constant. This difference can be explained in terms of the ledge mechanism of plate formation and dissolution.
Salting coefficients for gases in seawater from scaled-particle theory

Experimental values of the salting coefficients for He, Ne, Ar, O2, and N2 in seawater are compared with values calculated from scaled-particle theory. The agreement is reasonably good; the average difference between calculated and observed values at 25°C is 0.007. Scaled-particle theory predicts correctly thatk s should decrease as the temperature increases and that this effect should be most pronounced at low temperatures. However, the predicted magnitude ofdK s/dt is only about half of that observed.
High-speed digital wireless battlefield network

In the past two years, the Digital Wireless Battlefield Network consortium that consists of HRL Laboratories, Hughes Network Systems, Raytheon, and Stanford University has participated in the DARPA TRP program to leverage the efforts in the development of commercial digital wireless products for use in the 21st century battlefield. The consortium has developed an infrastructure and application testbed to support the digitized battlefield. The consortium has implemented and demonstrated this network system. Each member is currently utilizing many of the technology developed in this program in commercial products and offerings. These new communication hardware/software and the demonstrated networking features will benefit military systems and will be applicable to the commercial communication marketplace for high speed voice/data multimedia distribution services.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The use of heart rate variability for the early detection of treatable complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

High-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients are monitored in the ICU for up to 21 days, as they are at risk for complications such as vasospasm of cerebral arteries, cardiac arrhythmias and neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy. The diagnosis of these treatable complications is often delayed by the limitations of monitoring capabilities. We applied computational analysis to a cohort of 24 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients, to identify heart rate variability and ECG frequency profiles that may be potential biomarkers of severe vasospasm, reversible cardiomyopathy and death.
The effects of market structure on prices of clothing and household furnishings

Abstract In this paper prices of clothing and household furnishings are explained using commuting variables and market concentration of department stores. The concentration variable has a strong effect on prices of both product types. The commuting variables only affect furnishings prices, a result that is in keeping with expectations.
7010 Evaluation of obstructive jaundice using endoscopic ultrasound in a three year old.

INTRODUCTION: Obstructive jaundice is uncommon during childhood. Among the most common causes are congenital malformations of the pancreatobiliary tree. Transabdominal Ultrasound (TUS) and CT are of limited value in these disorders. ERCP has been the preoperative method of choice but is usually limited to major referral centers and has a relatively high morbidity. In adults, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) has been used to evaluate obstructive jaundice. However, because of the size of echoendoscopes, the use of EUS in pediatrics has been limited to larger children. Alternatively, ultrasonic miniprobes can be passed through the 2.8 mm biopsy channel of a thin videoendoscope for use in smaller children. We describe the use of an ultrasonic miniprobe to help define the cause of obstructive jaundice in a three year old. CASE SUMMARY: A 35 month, 12 kg girl presented with jaundice (total bilirubin 6.6 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase 471 IU/L) and pancreatitis (amylase 569 IU/L). TUS showed a markedly dilated 10 mm common bile duct (CBD). CT revealed CBD and intrahepatic duct dilation but no masses. To preoperatively define the patient's pancreatobiliary anatomy, we performed EUS using a Pentax EG- 2930 videoendoscope (outer diameter 9.8 mm) with a 12 MHz Olympus UM-2R ultrasonic miniprobe placed through the 2.8 mm biopsy channel into a water-filled duodenum. She was intubated for the procedure and was sedated with propofol. Because of the patient's small size, the miniprobe was able to visualize all the porta hepatis and pancreatic head. Miniprobe EUS showed a thick-walled 7 mm CBD which tapered down to a short narrowed segment about 2 cm proximal to the ampulla. No masses, stones or cysts were seen. EUS did demonstrate an anomalous junction of the pancreatic duct with the intrapancreatic portion of the CBD. The gallbladder had no stones and was thick-walled. Based on this information, the patient was explored. Intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) confirmed the EUS findings. In addition, the IOC demonstrated an anomalous connection of the cystic duct into the right hepatic duct, a finding that was out of the range of view on EUS. A Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy with cholecystectomy was performed and the patient made an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: EUS can be successfully performed using an ultrasonic miniprobe passed through the 2.8 mm channel of a thin endoscope in relatively small children. As seen in adults, the high quality endosonographic images can be valuable in the evaluation of the pediatric patient with obstructive jaundice.
Experimental analysis and computer simulation of starch-water interactions during phase transition.

The phase transition of a waxy corn starch, Amioca, with a limited amount of water available, upon heating, was investigated by using experimentation and computer simulation. A model based upon the stoichiometric ratio of water to anhydro-glucose unit was developed to simulate conversion of starch (gelatinization and/or melting) with different water contents. Simulation results showed a minimum ratio of 14 water molecules to one anhydrous glucose unit was required for complete gelatinization. A phase diagram based on this was constructed to relate water contents to gelatinization and melting of starch.
Periodontal ligament reaction and displacements of a maxillary central incisor subjected to transverse crown loading

Abstract A revised and extended version of a theoretical analysis appearing in a previous paper is employed here to study the displacements of a maxillary central incisor and accompanying periodontium reaction resulting from transverse crown loading. The theory is basically two-dimensional, but includes the effects of root tapering normal to the plane of the forces. For an incisor of specific dimensions, stress patterns normal to the root-periodontium boundary are presented for several, clinically-interesting, tooth movement cases, and center-of-rotation locations are given for the entire range of transverse crown loadings. Results from present theory are compared with several, previously-published, theoretical and clinical efforts for the case of simple tipping; employing a more complex model than used in recent analytical studies, the theory herein yields closer agreement with clinical data than previously achieved.
Upper bound on correlation functions of Ising ferromagnet

Abstract We use Thompson's argument to show that, for pair interactions, the two-spin correlation function is bounded above by a solution of the non-linear Debye-Huckel equation. For many-spin interactions, Griffith's third inequality is strengthened.
Late immune tolerance induction in haemophilia A patients.

The incidence of inhibitor development in patients with severe haemophilia A is approximately 30%. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is commonly utilized to eradicate these antibodies and is successful in 63-100% of cases. Potential predictors of a poor outcome in ITI include a high preinduction titre, high historical peak titre, older age at start of ITI and prolonged interval from diagnosis to start of ITI. The goal of this study was to characterize the outcomes of patients from our centre who have undergone late ITI, many of whom had poor prognostic features. Medical records of patients in our centre with severe/moderately severe haemophilia A ( 66% and successfully treated with FVIII products ± FVIII t(½) of >6 h). Three patients are partially tolerized (have low responding inhibitor, variable FVIII recovery and successfully treated with FVIII products). Two patients are not tolerized. Some patients with haemophilia A and long-standing inhibitors may benefit from ITI.
National Human Resource Development in St. Lucia

The problem and the solution. Economic and social development remains a challenge for many nations, in particular small island states such as St. Lucia and its Caribbean counterparts. Human resource development (HRD) is seen as vital to the development process. The Government of St. Lucia (GOSL) has identified education and HRD as key strategies for its development agenda. The strategy suggests a national approach to HRD. This article examines the concept of national human resource development (NHRD) on the island.
Effects of Stimulation Rate, Mode and Level on Modulation Detection by Cochlear Implant Users

In cochlear implant (CI) patients, temporal processing is often poorest at low listening levels, making perception difficult for low-amplitude temporal cues that are important for consonant recognition and/or speech perception in noise. It remains unclear how speech processor parameters such as stimulation rate and stimulation mode may affect temporal processing, especially at low listening levels. The present study investigated the effects of these parameters on modulation detection by six CI users. Modulation detection thresholds (MDTs) were measured as functions of stimulation rate, mode, and level. Results show that for all stimulation rate and mode conditions, modulation sensitivity was poorest at quiet listening levels, consistent with results from previous studies. MDTs were better with the lower stimulation rate, especially for quiet-to-medium listening levels. Stimulation mode had no significant effect on MDTs. These results suggest that, although high stimulation rates may better encode temporal information and widen the electrode dynamic range, CI patients may not be able to access these enhanced temporal cues, especially at the lower portions of the dynamic range. Lower stimulation rates may provide better recognition of weak acoustic envelope information.
In vivo histamine voltammetry in the mouse premammillary nucleus

Histamine plays a major role in the mediation of allergic reactions such as peripheral inflammation. This classical monoamine is also a neurotransmitter involved in the central nervous system but its role in this context is poorly understood. Studying histamine neurotransmission is important due to its implications in many neurological disorders. The sensitivity, selectivity and high temporal resolution of fast scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) offer many advantages for studying electroactive neurotransmitters. Histamine has previously been studied with FSCV; however, the lack of a robust Faradaic electrochemical signal makes it difficult to selectively identify histamine in complex media, as found in vivo. In this work, we optimize an electrochemical waveform that provides a stimulation-locked and unique electrochemical signal towards histamine. We describe in vitro waveform optimization and a novel in vivo physiological model for stimulating histamine release in the mouse premammillary nucleus via stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. We demonstrate that a robust signal can be used to effectively identify histamine and characterize its in vivo kinetics.
Factor structure and construct validity of the Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale-II

The Behavioral Dyscontrol Scale-II (BDS-II) was developed as an improved scoring method to the original BDS, which was designed to evaluate the capacity for independent regulation of behavior and attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factor structure and construct validity of the BDS-II, which had not been adequately re-examined since the development of the new scoring system. In a sample of 164 Veterans with a mean age of 35 years, exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate BDS-II latent factor structure. Correlations and regressions were used to explore validity against 22 psychometrically sound neurocognitive measures across seven neurocognitive domains of sensation, motor output, processing speed, attention, visual-spatial reasoning, memory, and executive functions. Factor analysis found a two-factor solution for this sample which explained 41% of the variance in the model. Validity analyses found significant correlations among the BDS-II scores and all other cognitive domains...
Xanthelasmas and xanthomas — cutaneous clues to systemic lipid disorders

Abstract Xanthelasmas and xanthomas are fatty skin lesions which are important clinical signs of underlying systemic lipid disorders. They consist of clusters of lipid-laden macrophages and are present in a variety of conditions: inherited disorders of lipid metabolism, systemic diseases in which lipid disorders arise, or in states without significant detectable lipid abnormalities. Xanthomas tend to appear in specific locations in the body, usually in the dermis or within tendons. They occur in a variety of forms: flat or nodular, localized or disseminated. Patterns of both location and form suggest single specific lipid disorders or a narrow field of disorders. Recognition of xanthomas should prompt the alert clinician to perform an appropriate history, physical examination and laboratory investigation. An early diagnosis of significant underlying systemic diseases can be obtained. This can have a significant impact on general health, cardiovascular status as well as ocular health.
Data reorganization in memory using 3D-stacked DRAM

In this paper we focus on common data reorganization operations such as shuffle, pack/unpack, swap, transpose, and layout transformations. Although these operations simply relocate the data in the memory, they are costly on conventional systems mainly due to inefficient access patterns, limited data reuse and roundtrip data traversal throughout the memory hierarchy. This paper presents a two pronged approach for efficient data reorganization, which combines (i) a proposed DRAM-aware reshape accelerator integrated within 3D-stacked DRAM, and (ii) a mathematical framework that is used to represent and optimize the reorganization operations. We evaluate our proposed system through two major use cases. First, we demonstrate the reshape accelerator in performing a physical address remapping via data layout transform to utilize the internal parallelism/locality of the 3D-stacked DRAM structure more efficiently for general purpose workloads. Then, we focus on offloading and accelerating commonly used data reorganization routines selected from the Intel Math Kernel Library package. We evaluate the energy and performance benefits of our approach by comparing it against existing optimized implementations on state-of-the-art GPUs and CPUs. For the various test cases, in-memory data reorganization provides orders of magnitude performance and energy efficiency improvements via low overhead hardware.
YKL-40 Production Is Increased in the Lung during Aspergillus Colonization and BOS after Lung Transplantation

Purpose YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein involved in the innate immune response to chitin containing organisms. Dysregulation of YKL-40 is seen with numerous human diseases characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling including airway remodeling in asthma. In a small exploratory study, we found that YKL-40 transcription during Aspergillus colonization was associated with the future development of BOS. We sought to validate the relationship of YKL-40 with Aspergillus and BOS in a larger longitudinal study after lung transplantation. Methods and Materials We performed a retrospective study of adult lung transplant recipients from 2000-2008 with at least one available bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimen. YKL-40 protein concentrations were determined in BALF specimens using the MicroVue YKL-40 EIA Kit (Quidel) according to manufacturer instructions. Given that YKL-40 was repeatedly measured over time within a patient, we fit a random effects generalized linear model to investigate the effects of Aspergillus and other covariates on YKL-40 over time. Results We assayed 750 BALF samples from 204 lung transplant recipients. Aspergillus colonization was associated with a higher BALF concentration of YKL-40. YKL-40 concentrations were also significantly elevated after a diagnosis of BOS. YKL-40 concentrations were not significantly affected by acute rejection. Conclusions In a large longitudinal cohort of lung transplant recipients, YKL-40 production in the lung is increased during Aspergillus colonization and after BOS, validating transcriptional profiles in a smaller exploratory study. YKL-40 may play a role in a continuum of pathogenesis from Aspergillus colonization to BOS. Factors Influencing BALF YKL-40 Concentration Estimate Standard Error P value Intercept 144.81 14.69 Log months to BAL -14.23 2.81 Acute cellular rejection (A2 or greater) 12.23 8.54 0.15 BOS at time of sample collection 53.32 9.96 Aspergillus colonization 25.39 8.78 0.004
Optical-Hybrid Backprojection Processing

In some synthetic aperture systems the data gathered from a single transmitted pulse samples the 3-D frequency space of the object. A 3-D image can be formed by taking a 3-D FT of this data. However, the data are often in a form that allows backprojection techniques to be effi-ciently used to generate the image. We describe an optical hybrid coherent backprojection proces-sing technique that uses a 1-D spatial light modulator, a coherent optical processor, a 2-D detector array, and some simple computer post-processing to produce the image.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characterization of antibodies to vitamin A

Abstract Vitamin A acid (retinoic acid) was conjugated to human serum albumin by the mixed anhydride reaction. u.v. absorbance and dinitrophenylation indicated that between 25 and 40 retinoic acid residues were conjugated per molecule of protein. Rabbits were immunized with this conjugate and a 1:200 dilution of the resulting antisera bound approximately 70 per cent of the added 3 H-retinol. Various derivatives of vitamin A were tested for their ability to displace 3 H-retinol from the antibody.
Proton, carbon-13 and fluorine-19 NMR studies of 9,10,11,12-tetra-fluoro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b]naphth[2,1-f]oxepin: ‘Through-space’ carbon-fluorine coupling was revealed

The 1H, 13C and 19F nmr spectra of 9,10,11,12-tetrafluoro-5,6-dihydrobenzo[b]naphth[2,1-f]oxepin (1) were totally assigned using a combination of two-dimensional nmr techniques. Unequivocal interpretation of the spectral data allowed the complete assignments of the resonances. In addition, the spectra of compound 1 revealed an unusual through-space carbon-fluorine coupling which was further supported by NOE and modeling experiments.