cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences Disappear with Exposure to Competition

Past research nds that males outperform females in competitive situations. Using data from multiple-round math tournaments, we verify this nding during the initial round of competition. The performance gap between males and females, however, disappears after the rst round. In later rounds, only math ability (not gender) serves as a signi cant predictor of performance. Several possible explanations are discussed. The results suggest that we should be cautious about using data from one-round experiments to generalize about behavior.
Energy Levels, Radiative, and Nonradiative Transitions in Molecules and Semiconductors

The purpose of this chapter is to specialize some of the results and considerations of the previous chapter to the somewhat more complicated case of molecules and semiconductors. Particular emphasis will be given to semiconductors, either in bulk or quantum well form, since they play an increasingly important role as laser media.
The Mechanism of Action of 5'-Adenylic Acid-activated Threonine Dehydrase VI. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PARTIAL REACTION ACTIVATED BY ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE

Abstract The site of AMP activation of the biodegradative l-threonine dehydrase of Escherichia coli was established by spectrophotometric and circular dichroic measurements, and by determining the Ki values in the presence and absence of AMP for a series of threonine analogs which undergo various partial reactions of the mechanism except dehydration. It was found that AMP greatly enhanced (a) the accumulation of an intermediate absorbing at 455 nm; (b) loss of circular dichroism; and (c) the binding of l-analogs of threonine including those which did not have an amino group. From observations with inhibitors and other published results, it was postulated that the intermediate absorbing at 455 nm is the Schiff base of α-aminocrotonate and pyridoxal phosphate. Similarly, it was concluded that loss of circular dichroism reflected the accumulation of Schiff bases between pyridoxal phosphate and l-threonine as well as with α-aminocrotonate. The major conclusion reached was that AMP enhances the first partial reaction of the sequence; namely, the noncovalent binding of threonine to the dehydrase.
Observations of space debris

Optical observations of near Earth and deep-space debris conducted at M.I.T.'s artificial satellite observatory will be discussed. A brief review of observing technique, regions of high debris density, and amount of debris in orbit will be given. The unique, duplex facilities of the observatory allow the discrimination of debris from meteors, the construction of an orbital element set, and real-time identification of catalogued artificial satellites. Near-Earth debris is present in large numbers in all the popular near-Earth orbits; at least 5-6 times the 5000-6000 objects in the NORAD catalog. In deep-space, the new presence of Ariane-related debris adds significantly to the existing population which is treble that catalogued by NORAD.
A phantom study of the quantitative behavior of Bayesian PET reconstruction methods

The authors examine the behavior of a Bayesian protocol for reconstruction of PET images in terms of the quantitative accuracy of the resulting Region-of-Interest (ROI) statistics. The authors' protocol uses a rapidly converging algorithm to compute a MAP estimate of the 3D PET image and includes novel methods for accurate attenuation and scatter modeling. The image is modeled using a Gibbs prior whose hyperparameters are estimated simultaneously with the PET image so that no critical user specified parameters are required. The authors computed ROI statistics over reconstructions of multiple frames of a computer generated brain phantom and an experimental chest phantom scanned using a Siemens/CTI ECAT931 scanner. Results indicate significant improvements in both bias and variance when compared to a standard filtered backprojection (FBP) based protocol.
An undergraduate course in active magnetic levitation: bridging the gap

This paper describes an undergraduate course in active magnetic levitation that was designed to engage the student's interest while bridging the gap between the mathematical and the physical world. The objective of this course was to take the students through the complete design process of a nontrivial control system prior to their capstone design course. The course focused on a project where the students modeled, analyzed, simulated, designed, and implemented, an active magnetic levitation control system. The paper discusses the pedagogical objectives of the course, an overview of the course, and highlights of several of the labs in the course.
Dissolved organic carbon export and internal cycling in small, headwater lakes

[1] Carbon (C) cycling in freshwater lakes is intense but poorly integrated into our current understanding of overall C transport from the land to the oceans. We quantified dissolved organic carbon export (DOCX) and compared it with modeled gross DOC mineralization (DOCR) to determine whether hydrologic or within-lake processes dominated DOC cycling in a small headwaters watershed in Minnesota, USA. We also used DOC optical properties to gather information about DOC sources. We then compared our results to a data set of approximately 1500 lakes in the Eastern USA (Eastern Lake Survey, ELS, data set) to place our results in context of lakes more broadly. In the open-basin lakes in our watershed (n = 5), DOCX ranged from 60 to 183 g C m−2 lake area yr−1, whereas DOCR ranged from 15 to 21 g C m−2 lake area yr−1, emphasizing that lateral DOC fluxes dominated. DOCX calculated in our study watershed clustered near the 75th percentile of open-basin lakes in the ELS data set, suggesting that these results were not unusual. In contrast, DOCX in closed-basin lakes (n = 2) was approximately 5 g C m−2 lake area yr−1, whereas DOCR was 37 to 42 g C m−2 lake area yr−1, suggesting that internal C cycling dominated. In the ELS data set, median DOCX was 32 and 12 g C m−2 yr−1in open-basin and closed-basin lakes, respectively. Although not as high as what was observed in our study watershed, DOCX is an important component of lake C flux more generally, particularly in open-basin lakes.
How I Got to the New York Court of Appeals

With nervousness matched only by anticipation, I sat in the passenger's seat. My friend--and opponent on the appeal--Robert Ostertag drove us up from Poughkeepsie, where I was an assistant district attorney about to argue my first case in New York's highest court. As appellant, I was there to reinstate a conviction for what I had persuaded myself was one of New York's most heinous crimes and an equally severe punishment: a $10.00 fine for violating section 1124 of New York's Vehicle and Traffic Law. The facts were simple. The defendant was driving south on Route 9G and pulled out to pass a truck. Before getting back into his own lane, he almost collided with an oncoming car driven by ... a state trooper. This set the stage for what became my epic battle over the constitutionality of section 1124. The trial, conducted on August 30, 1963, could not have lasted more than five minutes, and the record consisted of the trooper's testimony, which amounted to barely two pages. The law was hardly more complicated, as Section 1124 provided that no vehicle may cross the dividing line to pass another vehicle on the left unless the left side is "clearly visible and free of oncoming traffic." The statute went on to say that the overtaking vehicle must return to its own lane within at least 100 feet of any vehicle coming from the opposite direction. Plain enough: If you're going to pass another car, get back into your own lane in time to avoid a collision with an approaching car. On the spot, the Justice of the Peace found the defendant guilty. He appealed. In a concise six-sentence opinion, the intermediate appellate court declared the statute unconstitutional, as (mind you) void for vagueness. Thus, the court held, the People did not dispel a reasonable doubt, so the fine was remitted and the charge dismissed. The District Attorney designated me to handle the next phase of the case, an appeal to New York's highest court, the Court of Appeals. We needed permission to appeal, and we were heartened when Judge Stanley H. Fuld issued a certification proclaiming that the case involved questions of law meriting review by the Court of Appeals. Dutifully, I had researched the law and learned that section 1124 had identical counterparts in twenty-five states, and that four other states had enacted the same statute without the 100-foot provision. Only our intermediate appellate court (following a decision of the Wayne County Court (l)) had found the statute vague. Armed with citations from North Dakota, across the fruited plains and through America's breadbasket to the Texas panhandle, the lighthouses of Maine, and other jurisdictions from sea to shining sea, I tried to remember each holding as I readied myself for oral argument. Would the court ask me about the facts in the Rhode Island case? …
VeSense: High-performance and energy-efficient vehicular sensing platform

a b s t r a c t Although vehicular sensing where mobile users in vehicles continuously gather, process, and share location-sensitive and context-sensitive sensor data (e.g., street images, road condition, traffic flow) is emerging, little effort has been investigated in a model-based energy-efficient network paradigm of sensor information sharing in vehicular environments. Upon these optimization frameworks, a suite of optimization subproblems: a program partitioning and network resource allocation problem, we propose a distributed vehicular sensing platform, called VeSense where mobile users in vehicles publish/access sensor data via a cloud computing-based distributed P2P overlay network. The key objective is to satisfy the vehicular sensing application’s quality of service requirements by modeling each subsystem: mobile clients, wireless network medium, and distributed cloud services. By simulations based on experimental data, we present the proposed system can achieve up to 37 times more energy-efficient and 73 times faster compared to a standalone mobile application, in various vehicular sensing scenarios applying a realistic mobility model.
An inverse electromagnetic induction problem

An analytical procedure is presented to determine the surface current density required to produce a specified form of the electric field at a given depth in a conducting half-space. It is demonstrated that the system could be implemented with a discrete array of concentric loop currents. Attention is confined to azimuthal symmetry and to low frequencies where displacement currents in the upper free space region are negligible. >
Data structures for storing image data in a geographic data base

A myriad of contemporary studies on geographically based image data. Such data include contour maps, LANDSAT data and aerial photographs. The amount of data generated by these sources is enormous. Therefore substantial savings can be realized by optimizing storage structures for this data.This paper examines types of geographically based image data and proposes storage structures for the data. Factors included in selecting appropriate structures are density of positive-valued pixels in the image and range of values a pixel may possess.The paper further discusses the applications of those structures in a geographic image database.
HLA-DR peptide inhibits HIV-induced syncytia.

Abstract The infectivity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is related to the structure of its envelope protein, gp160, which is responsible for viral entry. We considered the possibility that a structural homology between gp160 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules might be associated with the extraordinary affinity that gp120 has for its receptor, CD4. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed five regions of structural similarity between the HLA-DRβ molecule and gp160. The DR2β synthetic peptides containing these regions were examined for their ability to block HIV-induced syncytia formation using a 51 Cr release assay. The peptide β141–155 inhibited the formation of syncytia whereas the other four DRβ peptides with gp160 similarity did not. Our results indicate that this region in gp120, which is similar to an HLA-DR region, is crucial to T cell-gp120 interactions, and should be considered in the design of future vaccines.
Abstract 5207: The chemokine 25 and chemokine receptor 9 axis suppresses colon cancer invasion and metastasis

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Chemokines help regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that the Chemokine 25/Chemokine Receptor 9 (CCL25/CCR9) axis suppresses colon cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis. CCR9 protein expression levels are highest in colon adenomas, and progressively decrease in invasive and metastatic CRCs. CCR9 is expressed in both primary tumor cell cultures and colon cancer initiating cell lines (CCIC) derived from early stage (I/II) CRCs. CCL25 stimulates cell proliferation through a network of transcription factors downstream of AKT signaling. In vivo, systemically injected CCR9+ early stage CCIC spontaneously form orthotopic gastrointestinal xenograft tumors. Blocking CCR9 signaling prevents CRC tumor formation in the native gastrointestinal CCL25+ microenvironment, while increasing extra-intestinal tumor multiplicity. NOTCH signaling, which promotes CRC metastasis, increases extra-intestinal tumor multiplicity by stimulating CCR proteosomal degradation. These data provide insights into the mechanisms that regulate CRC progression, invasion and metastasis and describe a novel in vivo experimental system to study these processes. Our findings also raise a safety concern for ongoing Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinical trials using CCR9 antagonists. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5207. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5207
A test statistic for combined intra- and inter-block estimates☆

Abstract We propose a test statistic for incomplete block designs in which the treatment effects are fixed and the block effect is random. The statistic uses combined intra-block and inter-block treatment estimates, with weights derived from the data. A Monte Carlo study produced two interesting results. First, the statistic is, in general, more powerful than the usual F -statistic based on intra-block estimates alone. The increase in power depends upon the eigenvalues of the incidence matrix, as well as the block and unit variances. Second, the proposed test statistics, under the null hypothesis of no treatment differences, behaves very much like an F -variate. Both results holt true for a wide variety of designs, for a range of variance values, and for several different variance estimators.
Mechanistic Studies of the Ethylene Trimerization Reaction with Chromium−Diphosphine Catalysts: Experimental Evidence for a Mechanism Involving Metallacyclic Intermediates

A system for catalytic trimerization of ethylene utilizing CrCl3(THF)3 and a diphosphine ligand PNPOMe [= (o-MeO-C6H4)2PN(Me)P(o-MeO-C6H4)2] has been investigated. The coordination chemistry of chromium with PNPOMe has been explored, and (PNPOMe)CrCl3 and (PNPOMe)CrPh3 (3) have been synthesized by ether displacement from chromium(III) precursors. Salt metathesis of (PNPOMe)CrCl3 with o,o‘-biphenyldiyl Grignard affords (PNPOMe)Cr(o,o‘-biphenyldiyl)Br (4). Activation of 3 with H(Et2O)2B[C6H3(CF3)2]4 or 4 with NaB[C6H3(CF3)2]4 generates a catalytic system and trimerizes a 1:1 mixture of C2D4 and C2H4 to give isotopomers of 1-hexene without H/D scrambling (C6D12, C6D8H4, C6D4H8, and C6H12 in a 1:3:3:1 ratio). The lack of crossover supports a mechanism involving metallacyclic intermediates. The mechanism of the ethylene trimerization reaction has also been studied by the reaction of trans-, cis-, and gem-ethylene-d2 with 4 upon activation with NaB[C6H3(CF3)2]4.
Transition of a liquid crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayer to the gel phase in a vesicle reduces the internal aqueous volume

The liquid crystalline to gel phase transition in phospholipid bilayers is associated with a marked reduction in the area per phospholipid molecule. Geometric considerations based on published data suggest that this decrease in molecular area is accompanied by a reduction in the internal aqueous volume trapped within a unilamellar bilayer vesicle. This volume reduction, which depends upon the shape of the vesicle, is shown to be between 23 and 60 percent. We have observed a 25 to 30 percent reduction in the internal aqueous volume of unilamellar vesicles about 700 A in diameter formed from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine using the self-quenching of 6-carboxyfluorescein trapped within this compartment.
Nuclear Mutations Affecting Chloroplastic Pigments of Photoperiod‐insensitive Barley

Three photoperiod-sensitive spring barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) and three independently derived, single-gene, nuclear mutants expressing photoperiod insensitivity and extremely early heading time under short daylengths were investigated for chloroplastic pigment variation in three environments using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to account for differences in laminae colour. In a greenhouse, non-stress environment and in a full sunlight, high-temperature stress environment, no systematic differences were observed among pigments of the mutant-parent pairs. However, under 12 h of daily light (600 μE m 2sec−1) and stress temperatures (20/10°C, night/day) in a growth chamber, the three mutants appeared similar to each other in chlorotic appearance and laminae pigment contents, but differed from the three non -chlorotic parents, which were similar to each other. The mutants had less chlorophyll a and b, β-carotene, lutein, taraxanthin, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin but more zeaxanthin than their parents. When shaded, the mutants became less chlorotic. How phenotypic differences for heading time and perception of day-length might be related to altered chloroplast contents remains unclear. The single-gene mutants conferring photopenod insensitivity were more sensitive to photothermal stress than their photoperiod-sensitive counterparts and as a result, their zeaxanthin content increased but the level of other pigments decreased.
The Reformed Picaro and His Narrative: A Study of the Autobiographical Accounts of Lucius Apuleius, Simplicius Simplicissimus, Lazarillo de Tormes, Guzman de Alfarache, and Moll Flanders

The reformed picaro's narrative situation – an older moral or religious convert recounting the roguish adventuresof his earlier life– presents a problem which only the most skilled and conscientious of these picaresque narrators can begin to handle successfully. The moral reform or religious conversion undergone by the picaro is in most cases a spontaneous occurrence sparked by misfortune, despair, punishment, or the threat of death. Hence, no organic development, such as found in e.g. David Copperfield's narrative, links the narrated and narrating “I's” of the picaresque autobiography, creating a cleft which most of these little-educated but verbally adroit narrators are unable to bridge successfully. For nine and one-half books, Lucius Apuleius provides pure entertainment ranging from the lyrical to the bawdy, then tags on a fervent conversion in the final book in an apparent effort to avoid charges of total frivolity in his work. Lazarillo de Tormes' morality rings strident and hollow as he tries to defend his obviously disreputable status of lowly town-crier and cuckold. Moll Flanders'various attempts at reform fall quick victim to “necessity” and natural weakness until she gains a large measure of prosperity in the Nc:w World; morality thus appears much too closely linked with material well-being to be fully genuine. Guzman de Alfarache's similarly materialistic concerns, plus his past instances of hypocritical piety, make his promised reform (the incomplete work ends with this promise at the conclusion ofPart Two) less than totally convincing. Simplicius Simplicissimus comes the closest to presenting a convincing mixture of rowdy fun and sincere morality; but even his conversion, since it involves withdrawal from a sinful world rather than actual conquest of natural weakness and sin-fulness, reveals for the modem reader the heart of the former picaro still beating in the new convert and compromising at least slightly the moral value of the latter's narrative.
Morpheme order in a lexeme/morpheme-based morphology

Abstract This paper argues that contemporary morphological theories are undermined by the concept of the linguistic sign, the morpheme or the word, which forms the basis of these theories. Instead of the sign, grammars operate on two distinct and definitionally incompatible basic units, the lexeme , which is a linguistic sign, and the (grammatical) morpheme , which is not. Grammars must contain autonomous lexical and morphological components in order to have sufficient power to explain the independence of the sets of conditions on lexical, syntactic and morphological rules. Such a model can be properly constrained to prevent these components from operating in disregard of each other by (a) discrete definitions of ‘lexeme’ and ‘morpheme’; (b) one specific principle constraining features added to underlying lexical bases by abstract (phonology-free) lexical derivations, and (c) an independently motivated markedness theory. This model also maps morphology onto abstract lexical and syntactic derivates in the proper order, accounting for what Baker has recently called the ‘Mirror Principle’ plus the exceptions to it.
The artificial intelligence approach to pattern recognition—a perspective and an overview

Abstract The present paper reviews the techniques for automated extraction of information from signals. The techniques may be classified broadly into two categories—the conventional pattern recognition approach and the artificial intelligence (AI) based approach. The conventional approach comprises two methodologies—statistical and structural. The paper reviews salient issues in the application of conventional techniques for extraction of information. The systems that use the artificial intelligence approach are characterized with respect to three key properties. The basic differences between the approaches and the computational aspects are reviewed. Current trends in the use of the AI approach are indicated. Some key ideas in current literature are reviewed.
Emotional evidence and jurors' judgments: the promise of neuroscience for informing psychology and law

This article is a review of psychological and neuroscience research addressing how juror decision making is influenced by emotion elicited from potentially disturbing evidence such as gruesome autopsy photographs, victim impact statements, and information about a defendant's tragic personal history presented as mitigating evidence. We review (a) converging evidence suggesting that the presence versus absence of such evidence results in more punitive juror judgments, (b) social cognition theories that provide potential explanations for these effects, and (c) neuroscience research aimed at understanding the role of emotion in moral judgments by identifying how brain activity is affected by emotion-eliciting stimuli. We argue that neuroimaging evidence showing that emotional stimuli cause heightened emotion and decreased effortful cognitive processing is relevant in understanding jurors' increased punitiveness after being exposed to emotional evidence, and in turn relevant to debates about the admissibility of emotional evidence in courts of law. Ultimately, we argue for more ecologically valid psychological research to clarify these important issues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Residual Structural Stresses in Glass Bodies

A mathematical model for the quantitative description of the formation of free volume in glass bodies in the process of their inhomogeneous cooling is used to study the influence of the parameters of this process on the distribution of residual structural stresses in glass plates. It is shown that the maximal tensile stresses increase with the temperature of the onset of cooling and cooling rate.
Microscopic description of decoupled h112 bands the negative parity spectra of the Au nuclei

The decoupled h112 bands in Au nuclei are investigated in the framework of a shell model description based on the coupling of an h112 proton hole to core proton states approximated by the leading representation (∼λ∼μ) = (06) of the pseudo SU3 coupling scheme for the positive parity part of the proton configuration.
Regulation of p53 and cell proliferation by resveratrol and its derivatives in breast cancer cells: An in silico and biochemical approach targeting integrin αvβ3

Resveratrol is a grape polyphenol with cancer preventative activities in tissue culture and animal model studies. Potential of resveratrol as a broad-based chemopreventive agent have been questioned by its limited bioavailability. The bioefficacy of resveratrol was compared with its derivatives, triacetyl-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-triacetylstilbene) and trimethoxy-resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene) in both estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive MCF-7 and ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Binding to integrin αvβ3 and control of cell proliferation and p53 were chosen as targets for comparative analysis using an in silico and biochemical approach. Resveratrol and triacetyl-resveratrol interacted avidly and specifically with integrin αvβ3 through binding at the site targeted by the high affinity cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide. In contrast, binding of trimethoxy-resveratrol to this site was substantially less robust. Moreover, the different stilbenes also elicited diverse cellular and signaling responses in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by analysis of colony formation, cell proliferation, cell cycle phase transition, the extent of phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and p53-inducible proteins, p21 and p53R2, respectively. Further, stilbene-elicited signaling cascade leading to p53 activation was examined in MCF-7 cells and results showed that resveratrol and triacetyl-resveratrol induced both ERK and p38 phosphorylation, whereas only marginal changes in state of phosphorylation in these two kinases were observed in trimethoxy-resveratrol-treated cells. Taken together, these results support that resveratrol and triacetyl-resveratrol regulate proliferation and gene expression in breast cancer cells by utilizing largely similar signaling molecules and pathways and cellular events, which appear quite distinct from those targeted by trimethoxy-resveratrol.
Effect of processing method on in sacco ruminal degradability of organic matter and nitrogen from canola seeds and in vitro intestinal nitrogen digestion of the in sacco residue

A novel crop on the Southern Plains of the United States is canola (Brassica napus L.), of which annual production has nearly doubled in the last 5 years. Although production has not exceeded the demand for oil, the question has arisen as to its supplemental value for cattle grazing the rangeland adjacent to production areas. In an experiment, six seed processing methods were evaluated by in sacco digestion of organic matter and nitrogen and in vitro intestinal in sacco residue: (1) whole seeds with no processing; (2) seed coats scarified in a pneumatic seed scarifier; (3) ground in a four-knife mill; (4) unprocessed seed rolled to 0.5 mm thick; (5) seeds roasted then rolled to 0.5 mm thick; and (6) steamed then rolled to 0.5 mm thick. Processing methods were compared with a solvent-extract canola seed meal. All processing methods increased in sacco organic matter and nitrogen digestion in the rumen with ground method being the greatest (P < 0.05). These results showed that the ground method produced the most (P < 0.05) ruminally degraded nitrogen/kilogram of organic matter digested in the rumen (67 g) of all methods evaluated. Further, extent of in vitro nitrogen digestion (intestinal) from in sacco residue was reduced by increases in ruminal digestion. Processing methods that broke the seeds increased (P < 0.05) the total extent of nitrogen digestion over whole and scarified treatments. The most limiting nutrient to augment energy intake and digestion in cattle grazing native pastures is ruminally degraded nitrogen and it seems that the most appropriate processing method is grinding to use whole canola seeds as a supplement. Other processing methods evaluated either increased processing cost or increased the ruminally undegraded nitrogen value.
Exploring the national and organizational culture mix in service firms

Using representative samples of U.S. and Japanese retail service firms, this study explores whether one particular type of organizational culture is the best with respect to business outcomes (performance and customer satisfaction) or whether the optimum culture depends on the national context in which the firm is embedded. The findings suggest that there is a significant interaction effect of organizational culture with national culture on outcomes. Specifically, the relationships between the importance placed on the cultural values of stability, people orientation, and detail orientation and outcomes are significantly greater for Japanese than for U.S. service retailers. On the other hand, the relationships between the values of aggressiveness, innovation, and outcome orientation and outcomes are greater for U.S. retailers. Further, the findings show that firms whose cultures match those of their home countries exhibit lower levels of outcomes when they operate in other countries with different cultural values. Implications are given for how service retailers might be designed and managed for purposes of improving business outcomes.
Accurate indoor localization with zero start-up cost

Recent years have seen the advent of new RF-localization systems that demonstrate tens of centimeters of accuracy. However, such systems require either deployment of new infrastructure, or extensive fingerprinting of the environment through training or crowdsourcing, impeding their wide-scale adoption. We present Ubicarse, an accurate indoor localization system for commodity mobile devices, with no specialized infrastructure or fingerprinting. Ubicarse enables handheld devices to emulate large antenna arrays using a new formulation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Past work on SAR requires measuring mechanically controlled device movement with millimeter precision, far beyond what commercial accelerometers can provide. In contrast, Ubicarse's core contribution is the ability to perform SAR on handheld devices twisted by their users along unknown paths. Ubicarse is not limited to localizing RF devices; it combines RF localization with stereo-vision algorithms to localize common objects with no RF source attached to them. We implement Ubicarse on a HP SplitX2 tablet and empirically demonstrate a median error of 39 cm in 3-D device localization and 17 cm in object geotagging in complex indoor settings.
Multiphoton Photothermal Imaging in Scattering Samples

We present multiphoton photothermal imaging of non-fluorescent, absorbing structures in scattering samples. Wide-field LED probe illumination is collected and de-scanned through a confocal pinhole. Nanoparticle and brain-slice imaging are presented.
Soil carbon dioxide and mineral accumulation in citrus seedlings (Citrus sinensis var. Bessie)

This experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to study the influence of soil CO2 differential treatments on plant response, concentrations of nutrients in soils and plants, and total nutrients per plant (Citrus sinensis var. Bessie). Higher levels of soil CO2, applied to the roots, significantly increased the amount of dry weight per seedling, the height of seedling, and decreased the concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, and Mn in the tops. The dry weight of roots supplied with high soil CO2 was decreased, while the concentrations of Mg and Mn were increased. Concentrations of N, P, K, and B in the roots were also reduced due to high level of soil CO2. Only total K and Mg per plant were increased with an increased soil CO2 supply. No significant interactions were found between the soil CO2 treatments and years of experiment.
Early experience and the development of predatory and intraspecific aggression in mice

Three experiments examined the mouse-fighting and cricket-attacking responses of ICR mice reared under various conditions. Groups of mice were raised in isolation, with other mice, or exposed to protected or unprotected crickets. Two aggression testing periods were held when the mice were between 40–45 and 60–65 days of age. Daily aggression tests, consisting of 10-min presentations of a cricket or mouse, were conducted during these periods. Attack latencies were measured on each trial. Analyses of attacks indicated that (1) early experience had little effect on cricket attacks—most mice readily attacked crickets; (2) mice attacked both crickets and other mice faster at 60–65 days of age than at 40–45 days of age; and (3) group-reared mice and female mice were less aggressive towards other mice than were mice raised in isolation or mice raised with crickets.
Elastic Coefficients of Zn 1- x Be x O Solid Solutions: a First-Principles Study

ZnO-BeO solid solutions (Zn1−xBexO, ZBO) are wide-band semiconductors that also display a strong spontaneous polarization. We present here the results of density functional theory calculations to determine the elastic stiffness coefficients as a function of the Be concentration x. We construct three distinct supercells for ZBO solid solutions, including the prototypical wurtzite (P63mc) structure and orthorhombic supercells with Pmn21/Pna21 or P21 symmetry. The components of the elastic stiffness tensor and the bulk modulus of ZBO in the three constructs are almost identical. The bulk modulus of ZBO solid solutions varies from 139.5 GPa to 211.6 GPa for x = 0 and x = 1, respectively, with bowing parameter of 41.9 GPa.
An Interregional Perspective on Aggregation Bias and Information Loss in Input‐output Analysis

This paper extends previous theorems concerning aggregation bias in single-region and national input-output models to interregional input-output (IRIO) models. The results indicate that the conditions for zero aggregation bias are more stringent in input-output models involving multiple regions. In addition, the paper derives the relationship between the information content of IRIO and national input-output accounts. The results confirm the conventional wisdom that the information content of multiple region input-output models of the U.S. economy contain more information than national input-output models.
A peace dividend? democracies' military interventions and their external political consequences

Numerous empirical investigations have found that democracies do not wage war against one another. This finding has inspired hope that the rapid worldwide dispersion of democracy since the mid-1970s will produce an era of pacific relations and has encouraged the active promotion of democratization. This paper inspects democracies' use of overt military intervention between 1974 and 1988 and shows that democratic states targeted military activity toward other free or partly free countries 141 times during this time period. Exploring the purposes for and the consequences of these interventions, the study concludes that under some conditions military interventions can affect transitions to democracy. However, it finds that more of democracies' interventionary activity is directed toward maintaining democratic identity and the liberal democratic community than toward its expansion. The inquiry ends by assessing the implications of the use of interventionism as a policy tool for democratization in the post-Col...
Relational retrieval using a combination of path-constrained random walks

Scientific literature with rich metadata can be represented as a labeled directed graph. This graph representation enables a number of scientific tasks such as ad hoc retrieval or named entity recognition (NER) to be formulated as typed proximity queries in the graph. One popular proximity measure is called Random Walk with Restart (RWR), and much work has been done on the supervised learning of RWR measures by associating each edge label with a parameter. In this paper, we describe a novel learnable proximity measure which instead uses one weight per edge label sequence: proximity is defined by a weighted combination of simple "path experts", each corresponding to following a particular sequence of labeled edges. Experiments on eight tasks in two subdomains of biology show that the new learning method significantly outperforms the RWR model (both trained and untrained). We also extend the method to support two additional types of experts to model intrinsic properties of entities: query-independent experts, which generalize the PageRank measure, and popular entity experts which allow rankings to be adjusted for particular entities that are especially important.
324. Development of Bioluminescence Tomography for Three-Dimensional Real Time Imaging of Gene Expression

Introduction. Non-invasive monitoring of gene expression in living animals is an active area of molecular imaging and has proven useful to identify real time gene transfer. Improvements in optical imaging techniques have lead to the mounting luciferase reporter systems. Standard 2D bioluminescence limits the interpretation of gene expression in vivo. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), the 3D extension of bioluminescence imaging, offers a new tomographic method for molecular imaging. BLT captures the spatial distribution of luciferase light signal in three dimensions, which provides a powerful tool for studies such as cancer imaging, cell trafficking and protein function.
The Liability of Ethnicity in Israel

This paper examines the inequalities in status attainment between Israeli Oriental-Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews in the early 1960s; replicates Duncan's (c) methods of regression and component analyses; and compares the Israeli findings with Duncan's (c) for American blacks and whites for the same period. The most important causes of the observed inequalities arefound to differ between the two countries: lack of equal educational attainment of OrientalSephardim in Israel; discrimination against blacks in the United States. They have less education, jobs of lower skill, prestige, and pay; less upward intergenerational mobility, and lower incomes. They are segregated in sections of large cities and isolated in smaller communities. They have very large families, more juvenile delinquents and adult criminals. Others do not want to live near them nor send their children to school with theirs. 1 Who are "they?" While these characteristics might well describe the conditions and the consequences of inequality for blacks in the United States, they also-variously referred to as "Orientals," "Sephardim," or "Asian-Africans," in contrast to another group of Jews, who are referred to as "Westerners," "Europeans," or "Ashkenazim." I shall usually refer to them, respectively, as Oriental-Sephardim and Ashkenazim. Although their historical, cultural, and social roots differ, both the United States and Israel have identifiable superordinate and subordinate groups with inequalities in their socioeconomic attainments and power. In the United States, the major division is drawn racially between blacks and whites, while in Israel, one important cleavage is ethnic, between Jews from the West (primarily Europe) and those from Asia and Africa.2 The purpose of this paper is to analyze status attainment in Israel in
FIELD INSTALLATION OF AN EARTH PRESSURE CELL

An earth pressure cell (EPC) is a device designed to provide an estimate of normal stress in soil. The practice of designing and manufacturing stress-measurement devices revolves around the study of the interaction between the measuring device and the host material. However, distribution of normal stress is not necessarily uniform across a given surface. Consequently, output from an EPC may be different under soil-loading conditions than under fluid pressure. In addition, depending on the design, as the cell deflects, an arching-type phenomenon may develop. A study was conducted to devise a scheme for calibration of EPCs and to recommend a procedure for field installation. A new testing device was designed to permit the application of uniaxial soil pressure to the EPC by using various types of soil and load configurations. Sensitivities computed from soil calibrations varied from those determined from fluid calibrations by as much as 30 percent. A field installation procedure was developed from model test...
Performance of in-Situ Phosphatizing Reagents in Solvent-Borne Paints

A novel in-situ phosphating coating system is developed by predispersing an optimum amount of phosphatizing reagents into the paint formulation. Five possible in-situ phosphatizing reagents are used in the formulation of a model solvent-borne polyester-melamine enamel paint system. The new formulation is then coated and cured on a cold-rolled steel surface. The chemical reactivity of phosphatizing reagents are studied via different analytical techniques. The results can be summarized as follows: (i) the phosphatizing reagents, being dispersed into the solvent-borne paints to form a stable self-phosphating organic coating, perform a successful in-situ phosphatization of the metal substrate; (ii) there is an observable lowering of Tg for the paint films, due to the acceleration of melamine self-condensation by the acidic nature of phosphatizing reagents, which can be corrected by optimizing the coating formulation; (iii) the organic phosphatizing reagents, which are more dispersable in a solvent-borne coating system, are very effective yet have less influence on the cross-linking density of the final film, thus giving a coating with higher AC impedance and providing a better corrosion protective performance.
Human nerve xenograft: Uptake of [14C]urra and [3H]sucrose—decreased myelination of xenograft nerves may be due to an impairment in vascularization

Abstract Schwann cells in peripheral nerve xenografts to immunosuppressed mice ensheath and myelinate regenerating host axons. Delayed or poor ? of the xenograft has been observed and attributed to either low-grade ? or poor vascularization. [ 14 C]Urea and [ 3 H]sucrose uptakes were studied in human sural nerve xenografts from a patient with an axonal neuropathy and compared to isotope uptakes in normal, crushed, double crushed and sham-operated mouse sciatic nerves. Isotopes were injected intraperitoneally 4 h ([ 14 C]urea) and 5 min ([ 3 H]sucrose) before ? and the concentration in the manipulated nerve compared to the normal nerve on the opposite side. Sham-operated animals had the nerve severed in two places, lifted and replaced in order to stimulate the condition in transplanted nerves. Statistically significant decreased urea and increased ? uptake were found in xenografts and sham-operated nerves, but not in crushed nerves. The less permeable sucrose molecule probably measures a vascular compartment of a rapidly filling connective tissue space which would be increased by fibrosis, while the more permeable urea molecule after 4 h enters the intracellular space which may include myelin. Since both transplantation and sham operation produced the same results, these observations suggest that thinness or delayed myelination of xenografts may result from abnormal vascularization rather than rejection of grafts.
Paleobiogeographic relationships of angiosperms from the Cretaceous and early Tertiary of the North American area

The biogeographic affinities of the Cretaceous and early Tertiary angiosperm floras of the North American area (which includes Meso-America, and the Greater Antilles) have been the subject of considerable interest. Although recent treatments of isolated taxa have shown affinities between North American, European, east Asian and Neotropic floras, the relationships have not been quantified. This study compiles the records of fossils whose familial relationships seem secure. This provides a carefully culled, and uniformly presented review of the Cretaceous and Paleogene record from 1950 to 1989 and supplements LaMotte (1950). A subset of these records, which showed compelling evidence of subfamilial relationships, was analyzed to quantify the relationships of the Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene floras to other regions. The analysis suggests that for the entire period 24% of the fossil species had affinities with extant taxa from the Northern Hemisphere; 10% with taxa from the Northern Hemisphere that have a few species in South America; 17% with taxa from Eurasia; 3% with taxa with a disjunct Eurasian-South American pattern; 19% with taxa from South America and/or Africa; 8% with taxa from South America and/or Africa that have an important sister group in southeast Asia; 5% with taxa from the Old World; and 13% with taxa having other distribution patterns. Those fossils with affinities to Laurasian taxa are mostly found in the northern and western portions of the North American area. The fossils with affinities to South American and/or African taxa are found in the southern portions of North America, Meso-America, and the Greater Antilles. The taxa with disjunct distributions show both patterns. These patterns suggest that during this time there were wide-spread temperate elements, found throughout Laurasia; Boreotropical flora elements, distributed in North America, Europe and along the Tethys seaway to southeast Asia; and West Gondwana elements which show dispersion from South America across the proto-Caribbean. The paleobotanical data are compatible with current geological, paleontological and biogeographical studies.
Voice and Biliteracy in Indigenous Language Revitalization: Contentious educational practices in Quechua, Guarani, and Maori contexts

This article considers instances of biliterate educational practice in contexts of indigenous language revitalization involving Quechua in the South American Andes, Guarani in Paraguay, and Māori in Aotearoa/NewZealand. In these indigenous contexts of sociohistorical and sociolinguistic oppression, the implementation of multilingual language policies through multilingual education brings with it choices, dilemmas, and even contradictions in educational practice. I consider examples of such contentious educational practices from an ecological perspective, using the continua of biliteracy and the notion of voice as analytical heuristics. I suggest that the biliterate use of indigenous children's own or heritage language as medium of instruction alongside the dominant language mediates the dialogism, meaning-making, access to wider discourses, and taking of an active stance that are dimensions of voice. Indigenous voices thus activated can be a powerful force for both enhancing the children's own learning an...
Niche-less maintenance of HSCs by 2i

Maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro has been believed to be difficult due to a lack of complete understanding of HSC quiescence maintained by the niche. Recent evidence suggests that in vitro maintenance of human and mouse long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs) is possible through dual inhibition (2i) of both GSK-3 and mTOR in the absence of cytokines, serum, or feeder cells.