cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The possibility of new fermions with ΔI = 0 mass

Abstract In the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model the fermions have ΔI = 1 2 masses from the breaking of the weak SU(2) gauge symmetry. In many enlarged models, such as those from grand unified and/or supersymmetric theories, there are additional fermions with undetermined ΔI = 0 (SU(2) invariant) masses. We study these new fermions. They induce flavour changing neutral currents. We show that the mixing angles of ΔI = 0 fermions of mass order M with normal ΔI = 1 2 fermions of mass order m ⪡ M are order η or η 2 , where η = m / M . If M > 150 δ , δ being a model-dependent mixing parameter of order a normal fermion mass, the amplitudes of all FCNC processes are below the experimental sizes and limits. Thus for δ ⪅0.1 GeV, M can be as low as 20 GeV, close to the present experimental lower bound. δ is fixed, and less than 0.1 GeV for all relevant cases, if we assume the mass hierarchy of the known fermions is not the result of a particular choice of ΔI = 0 mass parameters. If produced ΔI = 0 mass fermions will be noticeable by the mass degeneracy within their isospin multiplets. There will be an enhanced ratio of neutral to charged decays over the normal fermions. Standard GUT predictions are changed little.
Isolation and characterization of metallic wear debris from a dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis

A dynamic intervertebral disc prosthesis (DIDP) has been developed. It consists of a CoCrMo body and uses Ti6A14V springs to replicate the mechanical function of the lumbar joint. Wear studies have been performed previously on the DIDP using two specialized simulators to test the wear properties of the moving parts of the disc prosthesis. A pin-in-slot simulator generates wear that would occur in the hinge-pin assembly of the prosthesis. A spring-in-pocket simulator approximates the conditions under which the springs would wear against the body of the prosthesis. The spring-pocket interface is responsible for the production of approximately 90% of the total wear occurring in the prosthesis, and is therefore the main focus of this study. Bovine serum with a preservative has been used as a lubricant in both simulators. The spring-in-pocket simulator compares the effects of two different manufacturing techniques of CoCrMo (HIPing and forging) on their wear characteristics against Ti6A14V springs. Debris from the spring-in-pocket simulator has been isolated from the serum lubricant and characterized using scanning electron microscopy techniques. The morphology of the Ti6Al4V fragments is rough and irregularly shaped. The size of these fragments ranges from 30 μm. The forged CoCrMo alloy debris has an irregular polyhedral shape, with sizes in the same range as the spring fragments. The morphology of the HIPed CoCrMo debris is spherical with a size range 30 μm. Length and width measurements of micron-size particles were made with the particle measurement feature of the scanning electron microscope. Micron-size particles were found in all stations. This article provides a unique way to isolate and analyze debris from serum lubricants used in simulators. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Surgical Treatment of Charcot Neuropathy.

Charcot neuroarthropathy, a chronic progressive destruction of joint integrity, is believed to result from a disturbance in pain and proprioceptive sensation. It is most commonly treated in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and dense peripheral neuropathy. Prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment are key to a patient's successful outcome. Educating the patient is paramount to avoid further complications and subsequent amputations. This article describes the pathophysiology, staging, surgical treatment, and natural course of Charcot neuroarthropathy.
Standards and/as Innovation: Protocols, Creativity, and Interactive Systems Development in Ecology

Standards and protocols play important but under-theorized roles in HCI research and design efforts, including those dedicated to the development of new collaborative infrastructures in the sciences. Building on several years of ethnographic fieldwork, this paper examines standardization efforts attached to new forms of design and computational development in American ecology. We explore the role that standards play in large-scale research networks; how standards are enacted and enforced in complex interactive systems like science; how standards struggle and fail (and what happens when they do); and how actors work across the gaps that standards leave to produce more effective forms of practice and design. We also argue for the potentially creative role of standards, including contexts in which they function as fulcrums for change and innovation. We conclude with reflections on how HCI researchers might rethink the nature and possibilities of standards and standardization in their own work.
Improving Bhutan’s academic libraries, recommendations from a situational analysis

The author spent six months in Bhutan in 2010 at the request of the Royal University of Bhutan (RUB). Her brief was to advise how to improve the standard of the libraries of the ten constituent RUB colleges, particularly relating to library services for users. The original study investigated the current state of RUB academic libraries. Once this state was identified and evaluated, it was necessary to decide what should, and realistically could, be done to improve the constituent libraries and align them more closely to western academic libraries. Very little has been written or published about academic libraries in Bhutan. The main method utilised was situational analysis, involving the design of a rubric for identifying common factors of libraries, followed by time spent working in each library to gather information. In most libraries, this consisted of at least a week spent working with staff and assessing the library. Observation was used and recorded photographically. Also, library staff was interview...
Pathophysiology of amniotic fluid volume homoeostasis

Human and ovine fetuses produce and absorb prodigious amounts of water and electrolytes daily. As will be described, fetal fluid exchange approximates to 300–400ml/kg per day near term. On a per kilogram basis, this is equivalent to an adult ingesting and secreting 15–20 litres per day. Upon delivery, the newborn rapidly adjusts to a much reduced rate of fluid exchange. In this respect, the fetus resembles an amphibian during development: an aquatic phase of in utero gestation and a comparatively arid state following delivery. Although the amphibian-like pattern of development may be partly an example of ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’, the remarkable volume of fetal fluid exchange suggests an important physiological role for amniotic fluid.
Interaction Effects of Vitamin B12 and Pantothenic Acid in Breeder Hen Diets on Hatchability, Chick Growth and Livability

ABSTRACT THE requirement of the breeder hen for pantothenic acid has been reported by Gillis, Heuser and Norris (1948). Pertinent literature regarding the vitamin B12 requirement of chicken breeder hens has been reviewed by Berg et al. (1952) and Wiese et al. (1952). In view of the reports of Evans et al. (1951), Yacowitz et al. (1951) and Welch and Couch (1954) regarding the relationship between vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid in the nutrition of the young chick, it was thought desirable to investigate possible interaction of these two vitamins in the nutrition of breeder hens. The requirement of the breeder hen for vitamin B12 has been determined under conditions where pantothenic acid was supplied at varying levels. Johnson (1954) reported the B12 requirement of the breeder hen to be no more than 2 mcg. per kilogram of diet when the basal diet contained 22 mg. of added pantothenic acid per . . .
The molecular interaction of CAR and JAML recruits the central cell signal transducer PI3K.

Lymphocytes in the skin known as γδ T cells provide an important barrier against infection and injury. Unlike classical αβ T cells, less is known about the molecular requirements of γδ T cell activation. Two studies demonstrate that the junctional adhesion molecule–like protein (JAML) is a costimulatory molecule for mouse γδ T. Witherden et al. (p. [1205][1]; see the Perspective by [Shaw and Huang][2] ) showed that JAML, binding to its ligand Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), leads to proliferation, as well as cytokine and growth factor production by γδ T cells. In vivo, JAML-CAR interactions contributed to the wound healing response in mice. Verdino et al. (p. [1210][3]; see the Perspective by [ Shaw and Huang ][2]) present a crystal structure of CAR/JAML, which revealed an intracellular signaling motif similar to that known for the αβ T cell costimulatory receptor that signals through phosphoinositide 3-kinase. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1192698 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1195337 [3]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1187996
Bayesian criterion based model assessment for categorical data

We propose a general Bayesian criterion for model assessment for categorical data called the weighted L measure, which is constructed from the posterior predictive distribution of the data. The measure is based on weighting the observations according to the sampling variance of their future response vector. The weight component in the weighted L measure plays the role of a penalty term in the criterion, in which a greater weight assigned to covariate values implies a greater penalty term on the dimension of the model. A detailed justification is provided for such a weighting procedure and several theoretical properties of the weighted L measure are presented for a wide variety of discrete data models. For these models, we examine properties of the weighted L measure, and show that it can perform better than the unweighted L measure in a variety of settings. In addition, we show that the weighted quadratic loss L measure is more attractive than the unweighted L measure and the deviance loss L measure for categorical data. Moreover, a calibration for the weighted L measure is motivated and proposed, which allows us to compare formally the L measure values of competing models. A detailed simulation study is presented to examine the performance of the weighted L measure, and it is compared to other established model-selection methods. Finally, the method is applied to a real dataset using a bivariate ordinal response model.
Improved Tumour Oxygenation and Radiosensitization by Combination with Nicotinamide and Pentoxifylline

We hypothesized that the combination of pentoxifylline (PTX) and nicotinamide (NA) can reduce the radioresistance of FSaII murine fibrosarcoma by improving oxygenation of the hypoxic tumour cells. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis; first, tumour blood flow after treatment with NA, PTX, and the combination (PTX + NA) was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. Second, intratumour pO2 after various treatments was measured polarographically using O2 microelectrodes. Third, the radiation response was also measured, i.e. after an exposure to 20 Gy, the time required to reach a four-fold increase in initial tumour volume was 18 days in the saline-treated control group, 21 days in the NA-treated group, 26 days in the PTX-treated group, but was 36 days in PTX + NA treated group. Interestingly, tumour blood flow significantly increased at 10 min after injection of PTX + NA. The mean pO2 in untreated control tumours was 7·5 mmHg, increasing to 13·1 mmHg after 500 mg/kg of NA alone. Repeated injec...
Multiple scattering, radiative transfer, and weak localization in discrete random media: Unified microphysical approach

[1] The radiative transfer theory has been extensively used in geophysics, remote sensing, and astrophysics for more than a century, but its physical basis had remained uncertain until quite recently. This ambiguous situation has finally changed, and the theory of radiative transfer in random particulate media has become a legitimate branch of Maxwell's electromagnetics. This tutorial review is intended to provide an accessible outline of recent basic developments. It discusses elastic electromagnetic scattering by random many-particle groups and summarizes the unified microphysical approach to radiative transfer and the effect of weak localization of electromagnetic waves (otherwise known as coherent backscattering). It explains the exact meaning of such fundamental concepts as single and multiple scattering, demonstrates how the theories of radiative transfer and weak localization originate in the Maxwell equations, and exposes and corrects certain misconceptions of the traditional phenomenological approach to radiative transfer. It also discusses the challenges facing the theories of multiple scattering, radiative transfer, and weak localization in the context of geophysical applications.
Target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated noise waveform

This work investigates the plausibility of target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) noise waveform conglomerate. The results were generated from simulation and demonstrated that the proposed transmit waveform structure possesses the ability to successfully mask any "chirp-like" characteristic making recognition and/or corruption by unintended 2nd-party passive receivers virtually impossible. Due to the fact that the pulsed LFM noise transmit signal was digitally stored as a reference, we were able to employ classical correlation mixing techniques that enabled the target detection approach to successfully resolve targets at range in the presence of interference. In addition, the process of using various binary random signal modulation schemes for the purpose of masking conventional pulsed radar waveform is also investigated. This work describes research involving target detection using a pulsed linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveform modulated by various discrete random signals. The results include a measure of correlation assessing the effectiveness of the various random signal modulators, Monte Carlo simulations identifying the loss introduced by the random signal modulators during the transmit process, matched filter receiver analysis analytically comparing the probability of detection performance when the random signal modulators are considered, and ambiguity functions to assess the uncertainty of the transmit waveform as a function of Doppler and time.
Time-periodic quasigeostrophic motion under dissipation and forcing1This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant DMS-9704345.1

The quasigeostrophic equation is a prototypical geophysical fluid model. In this paper, we consider time-periodic motions of this model under dissipation and time-dependent wind forcing. We show that when the wind forcing is time-periodic and the spatial square-integral of the wind forcing is bounded in time, the full nonlinear quasigeostrophic (QG) model has time-periodic motions, under some conditions on the @b parameter, Ekman number, viscosity and the domain size.
A New Cad Technique For (Narrow Band) Inhomogeneous Thin Film Filters

A new CAD technique based on the direct method of calculus of variations is developed for the design of (narrow band) inhomogeneous thin films. The control of the index of refraction n(.) is incorporated into the optimization method and in addition n(.) satisfies inequality constraints nmin ≤ n(.) ≤ nmax imposed by technical and physical requirements.
Measuring construction productivity: a practical approach

Productivity, especially in the construction industry, has always been very difficult to measure and control. All estimating professionals would agree that the quantity of work to be performed and the cost per hour for labour to perform that work can be established with considerable accuracy. However, it is the identifying and evaluating of the critical factors which influence productivity that provides a challenge. Every error in productivity estimation causes an inverse effect in the actual cost of labour to perform a scope of work.
Sudden onset of strong absorption followed by forced recovery in KrF laser-irradiated fused silica.

A high-purity synthetic fused silica sample (Suprasil 2) was irradiated by a KrF laser at 248 nm, 300 Hz, and 500 mJ/cm2. Transmission at 248 nm, transmission at 210 nm, and fluorescence at 650 nm were monitored in real time. The sample starts out in a weakly absorbing state. Then, after several million pulses, it experiences a sudden increase in 248-nm absorption with accompanying dramatic changes in its relaxation and fluorescence behavior. Further irradiation leads to (partial) bleaching of the UV absorption.
Characteristics and potential applications of nonlinear left‐handed transmission lines

The characteristics of nonlinear left-handed (NL-LH) transmission lines (TLs) are discussed for the first time. A LH-TL with varactor-diode series capacitance is analyzed in terms of dispersion and nonlinearity characteristics, and its voltage-wave partial differential equation is derived. Numerical responses of the NL-LH-TL to harmonic and pulse waves illustrate the conjoint effects of frequency dispersion and nonlinearity. Potential applications are suggested. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 471–473, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20007
Public Health Nursing: A Study of Role Implementation

The activities and services of the public health nurses during home visits in a Southwestern county health department were examined through a record audit. The data were taken from 186 client records representing 774 home visits. Seventy-nine percent of the sample nursing interventions were for health counseling and education. The records reviewed reflected nursing activities on the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention.
Synthesis and structure of ternary molybdenum oxides MMo8O10 (M = Li or Zn) having orthogonal nonintersecting octahedral cluster chains

Abstract The new compounds LiMo8O10 (I) and ZnMo8O10 (II) have been prepared via reactions in sealed Motubes at 1370–1450°C between Li2MoO4, MoO3, and Mo (3:16:29 mole ratio), and ZnO, MoO3, and Mo (1:3:5 mole ratio), respectively. The isomorphous compounds are tetragonal, space group I41md, Z = 4, with lattice constants a = 5.8515(6) A, c = 24.783(3)A for I, and a = 5.8961(4) A, c = 24.840(3)A for II, as determined from Guinier X-ray powder patterns. Single crystal structure determination shows that these compounds are constructed from infinite chains consisting of edge-shared octahedral cluster units. The structure can be viewed as a stacking along the c axis of layers consisting of parallel chains, with the chains in successive layers oriented alternately along the a and b axes. Intra- and interlayer crosslinking of the chains by MoOMo bonds is represented in the connective formula [( Mo 2 Mo 4 2 O 6 2 O 4 3 ) O 2 3 ] for the octahedral cluster subunits. MoMo bonding within the subunits is strong, but very irregular compared to analogous compounds containing such chains. Subunit MoMo bond order sums indicate that the bond distortions are effective in accommodating a higher electron count in metal-metal bonding states. It is shown that the structures are related to the spinel and rock salt structures through an ordered-defect arrangement of the Mo and O atoms.
Assessing Benefits and Harms of Hormone Replacement Therapy: Clinical Applications

An estimated one third of postmenopausal women in the United States use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to treat symptoms of menopause and prevent chronic conditions. In the context of this widespread use, evidence has been growing about the potential harms of HRT, particularly regarding long-term use. Physicians and patients are often confused about how to use results of studies in individual cases. This article applies the current state of evidence for the benefits and harms of HRT to management decisions in 4 clinical situations. Patient preferences, as well as evidence, are important for these decisions. Benefits and harms need to be readdressed periodically to apply newly published evidence and to reassess emerging risks, comorbidities, and needs of individuals.
Simulation of beef cattle production systems in the Llanos of Colombia: Part 2—Results of the modelling

Abstract Verifications and validations were conducted of a simulation model of beef cattle production on tropical ranges of the Colombian Llanos. Liveweight changes were simulated for individual cows sampled at random, for cow herds alternately grazing native savanna and molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora) and for steers grazing native savanna. Correlation coefficients between observed and simulated liveweight change were high. Simulations of the calving rates of cow herds from two experiments at Carimagua Research Station were also conducted and there was reasonably good agreement between observed and simulated data. Shortcomings of the model included an inability to simulate the heavy weight losses of grazing animals on molasses grass during the dry season and under-estimates of calving rates for the most productive herds. An experiment was conducted with the validated model from which it was concluded that grazing molasses grass and weaning of calves at 84 days of age would do little to increase calving rate.
The Columbia-Harlem Homeless Medical Partnership: A New Model for Learning in the Service of Those in Medical Need

Though altruism and patient advocacy are promoted in medical education curricula, students are given few opportunities to develop these skills. Student-run clinics focusing on the health needs of the underserved can provide important health services to needy patients while providing students with career-influencing primary care experiences. The Columbia-Harlem Homeless Medical Partnership (CHHMP)—a project initiated by medical students to provide primary care to Northern Manhattan's homeless population—serves as a new model of service learning in medical education. Unlike many other student-run clinics, CHHMP has developed direct patient outreach, continuous care (stable “student–patient teams” and a weekly commitment for all volunteers), and regular internal data review. Chart review data presented demonstrate the project's success in providing care to the clinic's target population of homeless and unstably housed patients. Targeted outreach efforts among clients have increased rates of patient follow-up at each subsequent review period. Additionally, CHHMP has used review data to develop services concordant with identified patient needs (psychiatric care and social services). CHHMP has recruited a committed group of volunteers and continues to engender an interest in the health needs of the underserved among students. Not only does CHHMP provide a “medical home” for homeless patients, it also provides a space in which students can develop skills unaddressed in large teaching hospitals. This project, a “win–win” for patients and students, serves as a unique model for community health-based service learning in medical education.
The effect of the thermal boundary condition on transient method heat transfer measurements on a flat plate with a laminar boundary layer

The heat transfer coefficient distribution on a flat plate with a laminar boundary layer is investigated for the case of a transient thermal boundary condition (such as that produced with the transient measurement method). The conjugate problem of boundary layer convection with simultaneous wall conduction is solved numerically, and the predicted transient local heat transfer coefficients at several locations are determined. The numerical solutions for the surface temperature are used to determine the Nusselt number that would be measured in a transient method experiment for a range of (nondimensionalized) surface measurement temperatures (liquid crystal temperatures when they are used as the surface sensor). These predicted transient method results are compared to the well-known results for uniform temperature and uniform heat flux thermal boundary conditions. Measurements are made and compared to the numerical predictions using a shroud (transient) experimental technique for a range of nondimensional surface temperatures.
From Site Unseen to Experiential Learning: Religious Studies in the “Discover Chicago” Model

This paper examines David Kolb’s theory of experiential learning and its usefulness in developing religious studies courses in a ‘Discover Chicago’ program, wherein students spend an intensive ‘immersion’ week before the start of the autumn quarter touring, researching, interviewing, discussing, and analyzing a variety of phenomena in the Chicago metropolitan area. Then, during the quarter, they critically revisit issues raised by the immersion week, probing more deeply and letting their initial impressions take on more mature reflective forms by engaging in extensive reading and systematically relating text with experience. Finally, research projects are developed, being outgrowths of the activities of the summer week and the readings and discussions from the first part of the quarter.
Comparison of serum gastrin radioimmunoassay

1. Two commercially available kit procedures for gastrin measurement were investigated. 2. While the precision of both kits appeared comparable, discrepancies were observed in both accuracy and parallel studies and in the comparison of kit standards and patients' samples.
Identification of pressor regions activated by central cholinergic stimulation in rat brain.

Abstract The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine (2 μg) was microinjected into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) of unanesthetized rats to activate central cholinergic receptors. Changes in arterial blood pressure were correlated with changes in Fos-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and forebrain following cholinergic stimulation. Neostigmine increased mean arterial pressure by 39±3 mmHg at peak (P
Service-Enabled Automatic Framework for Testing and Tuning Multi-tier System

For a complex multi-tier system, to make the system well tuned and tested is of great challenge, since there are many configurations that can be changed in different tiers of the system. In this paper we proposed a service enabled workflow driven automatic framework for stress testing and tuning multi-tier system. In our hierarchical design, at the bottom are web service end-points following WSDM standard, in different tiers of the multi-tier system and in performance tester. On top of those endpoints are composite workflow endpoints, which together constitute the testing and tuning work-flow. The workflow is automatically iterative. The paper proposes XML schema for both performance tuning algorithms and performance best practices to allow seamless integration with the workflow. The efficiency of the proposed framework is shown in simulated experiments at the end of this paper.
Heat Conduction in Multilayered Rectangular Domains

This paper presents the results of an analytical study of steady state heat conduction in multiple rectangular domains. Any finite number of domains that are equally sized (in plane) may be considered in the current analysis. The thermal conductivity and thickness of these domains may be different. The entire geometry composed of these connected domains is considered as adiabatic on the lateral surfaces and can be subjected to a wide range of thermal boundary conditions at the top and bottom. For example, the bottom of the stack may be adiabatic, while the top of the stack may be exposed to a uniform heat transfer coefficient. Spatially varying heat generation rates can be applied in each of the domains. The solutions are found to be in agreement with known solutions for simpler geometries. The analytical solution presented here is very general in that it takes into account the interface resistances between the layers. One application of this analytical study relates to the thermal management of three-dimensional stacks of computer devices and interconnect layers. The devices would have spatially nonuniform power dissipation within them, and the interconnect layers would have a significantly lower thermal conductivity than the devices. Interfacial defects, such as delamination or air voids, between the devices and the interconnect layers may be included in the model. Another possible application is to the study of hot spots in a chip stack with nonuniform heat generation. Many other potential applications may also be simulated.
Interlayer Spacing of Sputter Deposited Vanadium Pentoxide

Vanadium pentoxide films were grown by sputtering a V target in O2-bearing atmospheres containing 0 to 98% Ar. The interlayer spacing was siudied as a function of sputtering gas 02 content. The results are discussed in terms of defects in thevanadyl 0 layir and correlated with target surface oxidation.
Law and Society

This essay provides a concise overview of "Law and Society" which covers historical and contemporary thought on the subject. The sections of the essay are: A mirror of society that functions to maintain social order; law as social ordering; the institutional form of law; the semi-autonomy of legal knowledge and processes; legal pluralism; law and society in the twenty-first century-law as an instrument.
Structure of the Mammalian Ribosomal 43S Preinitiation Complex Bound to the Scanning Factor DHX29

Summary Eukaryotic translation initiation begins with assembly of a 43S preinitiation complex. First, methionylated initiator methionine transfer RNA (Met-tRNA i Met ), eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2, and guanosine triphosphate form a ternary complex (TC). The TC, eIF3, eIF1, and eIF1A cooperatively bind to the 40S subunit, yielding the 43S preinitiation complex, which is ready to attach to messenger RNA (mRNA) and start scanning to the initiation codon. Scanning on structured mRNAs additionally requires DHX29, a DExH-box protein that also binds directly to the 40S subunit. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of the mammalian DHX29-bound 43S complex at 11.6 A resolution. It reveals that eIF2 interacts with the 40S subunit via its α subunit and supports Met-tRNA i Met in an unexpected P/I orientation (eP/I). The structural core of eIF3 resides on the back of the 40S subunit, establishing two principal points of contact, whereas DHX29 binds around helix 16. The structure provides insights into eukaryote-specific aspects of translation, including the mechanism of action of DHX29.
Focal Opacification of the Olfactory Recess on Sinus CT: Just an Incidental Finding?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The CT appearance of the anterior skull base has been investigated but with limited attention directed to the olfactory recess. As defined by opacity abutting the undersurface of the cribriform plate, the prevalence of olfactory recess opacity (ORO) on sinus CT was examined to clarify whether this should raise suspicion for an unsuspected pathologic process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outpatient sinus CTs were evaluated for ORO in 500 consecutive patients (mean age, 46.9 years; 52.6% women). On a per-side basis (n = 1000), the presence of surgical changes, inflammatory sinus disease, and concha bullosa was determined by 2 neuroradiologists. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of ORO with these variables. RESULTS: ORO was identified in 59 (11.8%) patients, bilateral in 27 (5.4%), and unilateral in 32 (6.4%). There were 343 of 1000 ethmoid sides that were diseased, and 66 (27.2%) showed ipsilateral ORO. In contrast, only 20 (3.0%) of 657 clear ethmoid sides showed ORO (P CONCLUSION: ORO is distinctly uncommon without sinonasal inflammation or previous surgery. Isolated unilateral ORO raises suspicion for an underlying neoplasm or cephalocele and warrants further evaluation.
Automatic Keyword Extraction Using Linguistic Features

This paper describes a novel keyword extraction algorithm position weight (PW) that utilizes linguistic features to represent the importance of the word position in a document. Topical terms and their previous-term and next-term co-occurrence collections are extracted. To measure the degree of correlation between a topical term and its co-occurrence terms, three methods are employed including term frequency inverse term frequency (TFITF), position weight inverse position weight (PWIPW), and CHI-square (chi2). The co-occurrence terms that have the highest degree of correlation and exceed a co-occurrence frequency threshold are combined together with the original topical term to form a final keyword. With the linear computational complexity of the algorithm, the vector space of documents in a large corpus or boundless Web can be quickly represented by sets of keywords, which makes it possible to retrieve large-scale information fast and effectively
MBE growth of compound semiconductors: Part II. Applications of the stochastic model

In this part of the work (Part II), two typical applications of the stochastic model to the MBE growth kinetic studies are presented. The applications are the MBE growth kinetics of a hypothetical compound semiconductor, ab , and diamond cubic alloy, ax. In this study, the effect of the surface diffusion process on the MBE growth kinetics is analyzed. In the case of the compound, ab , the results of the present stochastic model are compared with that of a Monte Carlo simulation study in the temperature range of 600–850 K. The results of the two studies agree qualitatively. Higher substrate temperatures result in higher growth rate and growth front smoothness due to higher surface diffusion. Beyond 800 K, the growth rate and the growth front smoothness become independent of temperature because of the saturation of the interlayer diffusion process. In the case of the alloy studies, the kinetics of a hypothetical diamond cubic alloy in which the thermodynamics favors phase separation, is studied in the temperature range of 573–898 K. Below 648 K, due to negligible surface diffusion, there is no clustering of the alloy, but the surface roughness is very large. In the intermediate temperature range of 573–798 K, with increasing temperature, the surface diffusion increases, resulting in more clustering and less surface roughness. Above 798 K, due to very high surface diffusion, complete phase separation of the alloy and a smooth surface result.
Sensitive period in flavor learning: Effects of duration of exposure to formula flavors on food likes during infancy

summary Background & aims: Emerging research has revealed the existence of periods in which the developing brain has heightened sensitivity to environmental influences. We discovered a sensitive period, <4 months of age, when exposure to the flavor of extensively hydrolyzed protein hydrolysate formulas (ePHF) determines its hedonic tone. This formula has pronounced bitter, sour, and savory tastes compared to cow-milk-based formulas (CMF). This study aimed to determine the effects of duration of exposure during the sensitive period on a food containing an exemplar of the savory flavor. Methods: Formula-fed infants were randomized into four groups at age 0.5 months: one control group fed the CMF for 8 months, and three groups fed ePHF for 1, 3, or 8 months and CMF otherwise. When infants were 8.5 months, their acceptance of a savory and plain broth was measured. Results: Infants fed hydrolysate formula for 3 or 8 months, but not 1 month, showed greater acceptance of the savory broth relative to the plain broth (p < 0.01) and consumed it at a faster rate (p ¼ 0.01). Conclusions: The duration of flavor exposure affects infants’ earliest responses to foods: a 3-month exposure to ePHF shifted the hedonic tone for savory flavor.
What do the flyers say? Embedded “Orientalist” constructions in social work study abroad programs in the United States

We conducted qualitative content analysis, using the theoretical lens of Edward Said’s concept of Orientalism, of nine study abroad flyers to India and Egypt sponsored by social work schools in the United States. We show that the promotional content of these flyers cater to Orientalist biases; we recommend measures to amend it.
Localization of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the forebrain of the pig.

The distribution of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-immunostained perikarya and processes was examined in the forebrains of six sexually mature female pigs by use of indirect biotin-avidin horseradish peroxidase immunocytochemistry. Two primary antisera (Drs. Y.F. Chen and V.D. Ramirez CRR11B73 and Miles-Yeda UZ-4) yielded positive staining. Adjacent sections treated either primary antiserum preabsorbed with LHRH or with normal rabbit serum substituted for primary antiserum lacked positive staining. The greatest proportion of LHRH-immunostained perikarya were found in the medial preoptic area adjacent to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. The LHRH-immunostained perikarya were also scattered rostrally in the diagonal band of Broca, and within the lateral hypothalamic area, paraventricular nucleus, periventricular zone, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and medial basal hypothalamus. LHRH-immunostained processes, which extended from the medial preoptic area, coursed either along the ventral surface to the median eminence or medially and ventrally along the third ventricular wall ventrally to the median eminence and caudally to the level of the mammillary bodies. Extrahypothalamic processes were located adjacent to the lateral ventricular floor and the third ventricle from the lateral septal area (stria terminalis) to the level of the habenular nucleus. LHRH-immunostained neurons were unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar. Close associations between individual LHRH-immunostained neurons were observed.
No blog is an Island - Analyzing connections across information networks

There are multiple information and social networks among individuals, from telephone to email, web, blog, instant message (IM) and chat networks. Prior work has studied each of these individual networks quite extensively, including telephone networks [7], postal network [20], web communities [17], and so on. Still, what is of great interest is how these networks collide and interact with each other. Each individual has presence in multiple networks and it will be of interest to understand how the references and presence in one affects that in the others. Previously such studies would have been difficult to do since each source of data was often “owned” by a specific entity. Blogs now provide a unique, public source of data that naturally provides visibility into multiple networks. For example, blog entries cite web pages, blogs have friends and communities, as well as blog profiles that have links to email, IM and other networks. In this paper, we use the blogs as a starting point to pull in data about these multiple networks and study how these multiple networks interact with each other. While much of the connections are within specific networks, there is still a wealth of information, structure and form to the connections across these networks as our analyses show.
Impact of channel estimation errors on effectiveness of Eigenvector-based jamming for physical layer security in wireless networks

In this paper, we present our study of an Eigenvector-based artificial noise-based jamming technique developed to provide increased wireless physical layer security in transmit-receive diversity systems and analyze the impact of channel estimation errors on system performance. Our simulation results showed that with knowledge of perfect channel state information, the technique provided secrecy capacity of approximately 7 bits/s/Hz for a normalized transmit power of 25 dB for a variety of transmit, receive, and eavesdropper configurations. We also describe a novel method to simulate generalized channel state information estimation errors. While other publications neglect the impact of these estimation errors, our simulations show that the secrecy capacity decreased rapidly as the channel estimation errors increased. For instance, at 25% error the secrecy capacity of the jamming technique was only slightly better than the non-jamming case. Our paper also outlines upcoming research efforts to further explore error sensitivity and channel state temporal stability through experimentation.
Advancements Toward the Greener Processing of Engineered Nanomaterials—Effect of Core Size on the Dispersibility and Transport of Gold Nanocrystals in Near‐Critical Solvents

The ability to process and purify engineered nanomaterials using near critical or supercritical fluids (NcFs or ScFs) has enormous potential for the application at various stages of the development of green nanomaterials. The dispersibility of octanethiol-stabilized gold nanocrystals of different core sizes is explored, which were chosen to serve as model nanomaterials of general interest in compressed ethane and propane over a wide range of fluid conditions. Both solvents have enormous potential for the environmentally benign processing and transport of engineered nanomaterials due to their nominal toxicity and high degree of tunability and processability that can essentially eliminate solvent waste. The dispersibility is determined by measuring the absorption spectra of dispersions of various sizes of nanocrystals in NcFs. To better understand the obtained results three models, the total interaction theory, the sedimentation coefficient equation, and the Chrastil method, are discussed. Nanoparticle dispersibility versus density plots are strongly dependent on nanoparticle size and solvent conditions, with the dispersion of larger nanocrystals more dependent on changes of pressure or density at a given temperature. For the range of nanoparticle sizes studied, compressed ethane at 25 degrees C leads to a greater tunability of nanoparticle dispersion when compared with compressed propane at 65 degrees C. For equivalent pressures, compressed propane is found to provide better solubility than ethane due to its higher density. The results quantitatively demonstrate that NcFs can offer pressure-tunable, size-selective control of nanoparticle solvation and transport at easily obtainable temperature and pressure conditions. These capabilities provide clear advantages over conventional solvents and direct application to various nanomaterials processes, such as synthesis, separation, transport, and purification of nanocrystals.
Changepoint detection in daily precipitation data

This paper introduces a method to identify an undocumented changepoint time in a daily precipitation series. A two-state Markov chain is used to induce dependence in the precipitation amounts; our dynamics allow for seasonality in the daily observations, a structure inherent to many nonequatorial region series. No current precipitation changepoint techniques exist that consider day-to-day dependencies, the zero support set aspect (the fact that most measurements are zero), and the periodic dynamics of the problem. The test statistic is constructed by applying cumulative sum methods to a strategically devised set of one-step-ahead prediction residuals. The methods are robust to distributional assumptions, requiring only seasonal mean and transition probability estimators. Simulations are presented that demonstrate the efficacy of the methods; application to two daily precipitation series is made. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review of “Creating Successful Dementia Care Settings: Volume Two, Maximizing Cognitive and Functional Abilities”

As the Baby Boomers continue to age, more adults will require care as they develop dementia. Along with this, occupational and physical therapists, nurses, and managerial staff will need additional...
Human Prostate Cell Lines Mimic Heterogeneity of Cadherin Expression in Human Prostate Cancer

Cadherins play an important role in the progression from a non-invasive to an invasive phenotype. Cadherins are involved in homotypic cell–cell adhesion, cell shape, cell polarization and organization of glandular epithelial cells. Therefore, changes in cadherin expression or function can lead to changes in cell morphology, organization and cell behavior. An association between changes in cadherin expression and clinical aggressiveness of cancer has been suggested. Non-tumorigenic and malignant human prostate epithelial cell lines, with the same lineage, were used to examine changes in cell behavior associated with abnormal cadherin expression. Western blot analysis, anchorage-dependent and -independent growth, invasion in vitro, immunostaining, 3-dimensional (3-D) culture, confocal microscopy, and xenografts in nude mice, were used to examine cadherin expression and associated changes in cell behavior in cells transformed by Ki-ras-, cadmium, or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The non-tumorigenic RWPE-1 ce...
Diagnosis and Management of Urinary Tract Infection in the Emergency Department and Outpatient Settings

Emergency physicians encounter urinary tract infections (UTIs) in a wide spectrum of disease severity and patient populations. The challenges of managing UTIs in an emergency department include limited history, lack of follow-up, and lack of culture and susceptibility results. Most patients do not require an extensive diagnostic evaluation and can be safely managed as outpatients with oral antibiotics. The diagnostic approach to and treatment of adults presenting to emergency departments with UTIs are reviewed.
High-resolution fluorocarbon-based resist for 157-nm lithography

Lithography at 157nm represents the next evolutionary step in optical lithography and is clearly seen as the likely successor to 193nm lithography. If successful, the photoresists used for this technology must be initially capable of 100nm resolution and be extendable to less than 70nm. As with the transition to shorter wavelengths in the past, the photoresist materials developed for longer wavelengths appear to be too absorbent for practical use as a traditional high resolution single layer resist imageable with 157nm radiation. The high 157nm absorbance of polyacrylate, polycyclic, and polyhydroxystyrene copolymer resists, will force the coated resist thickness to be under 100nm. It has been shown that some fluorine-functionalized polymers are more transparent in this spectral region than pure hydrocarbon polymers. This has led us to investigate the use of fluorocarbon polymers in resists specially designed for 157nm lithography. We have synthesized and evaluated a number of unique 4-hexafluoroisopropanol1 styrene based polymer systems that yield resists in which the 157nm absorbance ranges from 3.0 to 4.0micrometers . Resists of this type are potentially capable of imaging at resist thickness of 150nm. Examples of the high performance imaging capability of our resist design are shown to have imaging capability of 150nm with 0.50NA microstepper and 40nm employing interference lithography.