cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of truncation on the F-test for a class of PBIB designs

In an earlier paper [12], the author studied the effect of departures from assumptions on the Ftes t for two associate PBIB designs with 2~=0 and 22=1. It was found tha t as in the case of Randomized Blocks, Latin Square and BIB designs, the Ftes t works reasonably well as an approximation to the randomization test. In this paper, the behavior of the Ftes t is studied for the same class of PBIB designs when the observations are assumed to have arisen from a t runcated normal population. Such samples arise fairly often in practical situations. Before proceeding fur ther , it must be pointed out tha t several research workers have investigated the effect of general non-normality" on the analysis of variance test . The important among them are Pearson [9], Bar t le t t [3], Geary [8], Welch [13], [14], and David and Johnson [6], [7]. These workers have found tha t the Ftes t for means is remarkably insensitive to general non-normality of the parent populations. In view of this, it may be reasonably concluded tha t a mild truncation will not effect the usual Ftes t to any appreciable extent . In fact, Agarwal and Gutman [1], [2] have found that when the truncation is symmetric, the change in the power of the one sided ttest for the mean of a normal population is very little even when all values beyond +(1.5)z (where G ~ is the variance of the complete population) are discarded. However, t runcation results in the test becoming more conservative in the sense that the rejection of the null hypothesis is more difficult. In spite of the assurances an experimenter has about the robustness of the Ftes t to truncation, a careful s tudy of the effect of t runcation seems to be very important for the following reasons:
Ideas for Potential Applications of Metamaterials with Negative Permittivity and Permeability

Metamaterials with negative real permittivity and permeability possess interesting electromagnetic properties. Owing to the presence of anomalous refraction at the boundary between such a medium and a conventional medium, and the fact that in these media the Poynting vector and the wave vector of a uniform plane wave are antiparallel, one can conceptually suggest a variety of interesting potential applications for these media. In this chapter, we briefly describe some of our ideas and speculations on potential applications involving these metamaterials. These ideas include suggestions for phase compensators/phase conjugators, the idea of “complex medium of media” with compensated phase, the idea for thin, compact, subwavelength cavities and waveguides, suggestions for anomalous mode couplers, radomes and antenna covers, to name a few. We provide physical remarks and intuitive comments on these ideas.
Synthesis of Si and tin-doped Si powders via gas-phase sodium reduction for Li-ion batteries

Abstract Pure silicon nano-powder was successfully synthesized via gas-phase sodium reduction of silicon tetrachloride, exhibiting 100% conversion of the reactants and achieving >95% yield of the final product. The interactions of the process conditions and tin-doping with the particle morphology were investigated. The produced powders were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, inert gas fusion analysis and glow discharge mass spectroscopy. The washed polycrystalline silicon particles had a BET surface area in the range of 23–44 m 2 /g. The silicon aciniform aggregates consisted of relatively homogeneous primary particles in the range of 20–100 nm. The silicon was protected by a 2–3 nm thick passivation layer established during the washing step resulting in an oxygen content of less than 3 wt.%. Electrochemical testing demonstrated a high inherent capacity for the pure Si powders. The initial capacity and 1st cycle charge efficiency of Si-containing anode electrodes was dependent on the initial powder surface area. The highest capacity was achieved for Si powders with intermediate BET surface area of 28.5 m 2 /g and cells with this anode material delivered capacity of 2651 mA h/g (normalized to Si) and 82.4% efficiency at first charge.
Ultrasonic Energy Systems

While ultrasound-based surgical energy systems are increasingly employed as a means to dissect, cut, and coagulate tissues with efficacy supported by a growing body of multidisciplinary research, the ultimate value of these systems is dependent upon surgeons learning to use them safely and effectively. This chapter allows the learner to appreciate basic principles of ultrasonic energy systems, potential complications associated with their use, and methods to prevent or reduce the incidence of injury. These concepts could collectively be called the fundamentals for the use of safe ultrasonic energy. There are several ultrasonic energy devices currently available; however, this chapter will concentrate specifically on the safe use of the ultrasonic shears.
A Rehnquist Ode on the Vinson Court (Circa Summer 1953)

This article publishes for the first time a 55-year-old composition - a spoof of Gilbert and Sullivan lyrics - by the late William H. Rehnquist. Rehnquist's ode, which dates back to his Supreme Court clerkship with Justice Robert H. Jackson during 1952 and 1953, demonstrates the young author's sense of humor. It also reflects his inside knowledge of the low regard that some of the 1950s Supreme Court justices had for some of their judicial brethren. Among other topics, the Rehnquist composition touches on the plethora of separate opinions that these Justices habitually produced, and on Chief Justice Fred M. Vinson's preoccupation with baseball.
Religion, Psychiatry, and Problems of Everyday Life

A common assertion holds that psychiatrists inherited from the clergy the interpretation and control of individual problems with everyday life. This paper questions that view on several grounds, drawing on American evidencefrom the period 1875-1935. First, such problems were extensively handled by non-clergy professionals in the nineteenth century. Second, psychiatry remained numerically miniscule until after the Second World War. Third, early clergy pastoral theory saw everyday life problems instrumentally, as aids to salvation. While later pastoral theories did propose direct interpretation and control of everyday life problems, these theories were in fact psychiatrically inspired. Thus, while the "inheritor theory" may hold at some deepfunctional level, it should not be hypostatized to define an actual historicalprocess of displacement. Problems of Everyday Life in the 19th Century It has become common to assert that psychiatrists are the priests of our time. By this it is usually meant that psychiatrists have acquired, from the clergy, the social function of the interpretation and control of individual problems with life. There are several elements to this view. First, clergy are assumed to have traditionally handled such problems. Second, psychiatrists are supposed by some process to have ousted them from this position. Third, a fairly constant set of problems concerning the meaning and nature of human life is taken as given. By analyzing a particular case, America from 1880 to 1930, I shall show that these assumptions are in fact mostly erroneous. Starting from a discussion of the traditional
INFLUENCE OF PESTICIDE PERSISTENCE IN EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE

The evolution of resistance was simulated in hypothetical insect populations that were assumed to be under selection by chemicals with half-lives of 1, 2, 5, or 10 days. The influence of the life stage being exposed, the dose applied, and the influx of susceptible immigrants were also examined. Short-lived chemicals delayed or forestalled the evolution of resistance. This effect was more pronounced when both larvae and adults were assumed to be exposed to the insecticide, when doses were sufficiently large as to be lethal to heterozygotes, and when susceptible immigrants arrived at optimal rates.
Effects of early integrated development of guidance for infant 0 ～24 month's development

Objective To explore the effects of early comprehensive development guidance from 0 to 24 months on infant development. Method From January 2012 to January 2014 in our hospital birth and early development of guidance to voluntarily participate in normal full-term infant of 100 cases as observation group. Selected the same period in our hospital and were born full-term infant of 100 cases as control group. Infant in both groups were measured 6, 12, 18, 24 months time head circumference, weight, length, and detected infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D3] concentration and hemoglobin(Hb) values, Gesell Developmental Scale child development quotient(DQ) was used to evaluate infants' developing nervous system conditions. Result At the age of 6 months the differences of weight, length, head circumference, and developmental quotient of the two groups were not statistically significant(P 0.05), weight, length, head circumference, and developmental quotien of infants at the age of 6 ~ 24 months in observation group were significantly better than that in control group, the comparison between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05). Lack of Vitamin D in observation group infants, the incidence of iron-deficiency anemia in 0 ~ 24 months were significantly lower than that in control group, the differences between the two groups was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion Early comprehensive development guidance can significantly improve the physical development of infants, promote the development of infants' neuropsychological behavior, and reduce the incidence of nutritional diseases.
Effects of low dose nitric oxide and tolazoline on a rabbit hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension model

Objective To evaluate the effects of low dose inhaled nitric oxide (NO) or endotracheal and intraventricular administration of tolazoline (Tz) on hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension Methods A rabbit hypoxia induced pulmonary hypertension model was prepared The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic right ventricular pressure (SRVP) and arterial oxygenation were studied following 6× 10 -6 NO inhalation or endotracheal and intraventricular administration of Tz Results SRVP increased following hypoxic ventilation ( P 0 05) Inhalation of 6× 10 -6 NO decreased SRVP to baseline without causing changes in MAP Both endotracheal and intraventricular administration of Tz reduced MAP and SRVP ( P 0 05) Endotracheal administration also reduced SRVP/MAP ratio, however, it was not as strong as NO inhalation ( P 0 05) The decrease percentage in SRVP by endotracheal administration of Tz was smaller than that by intraventricular ( P 0 05) Conclusion Inhalation of 6× 10 -6 NO is a selective pulmonary dilator Endotracheal administration of Tz could selectively dilate pulmonary vasculature, but the selectivity was lower than that of NO inhalation
Industrialization Management of Strelitzia reginage

According to the correlation theory of industrialization of Strelitzia reginage,the regulation of structure of fresh cut flowers and the objective request of industrialization development,and Strelitzia reginage's production and the character of management,the basal model of industrialization management of Strelitzia reginage,the industrialization group of Strelitzia reginage adding to farmers,can be adopted.The group and farmers carry out the management model of "one order and five unification"
Correlation between puberty and the development of autoimmunity to spermatozoa in men with cystic fibrosis.

Objective To test the hypothesis that puberty is a necessary factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity to sperm in men with cystic fibrosis (CF), we studied prepubertal and postpubertal males with CF versus an age-matched group of males with type 1 diabetes as controls. Design Sera from CF and diabetic males treated at University Hospital, State University of New York, Stony Brook, were tested by indirect immunobead binding for antisperm antibodies and by radioimmunoassay for testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. The finding of autoantibodies to spermatozoa was correlated with chronological age, as well as with clinical and hormonal pubertal status. Results Autoimmunity to sperm, as detected by humoral antisperm antibodies, was documented solely in postpubertal males, as judged by hormonal and clinical criteria. Eighty-three percent of sexually mature CF males and 6.3% (1 of 16) diabetic males exhibited autoantibodies to sperm. These antibodies were only detected when serum T levels were >8.7nmol/L (250ng/dL). Conclusions These results suggest that puberty, and presumably, active spermatogenesis is a requirement for the development of autoimmunity to sperm in men with CF.
A hardened network-on-chip design using runtime hardware Trojan mitigation methods

Due to the globalized semiconductor business model, malicious hardware modifications, known as hardware Trojans (HTs), have risen up as a big concern for chip security. HT detection and mitigation methods for general integrated circuits have been investigated in the past decade. However, the majority of the existing efforts are not customized for HTs in Networks-on-Chip (NoCs). To complement the firmware and software level methods for rogue NoCs detection, we propose countermeasures to harden the NoC hardware design against tampering. More specifically, we propose a collaborative dynamic permutation and flit integrity check method to mitigate the potential inside-router HTs inserted by the disloyal member in the NoC design house or the 3rd-party system integration company. Our method improves the number of received packets by up to 70.1% over the other methods if the HT controls the NoC packet destination address. The average link availability of our method is 43.7% higher than that of the exiting methods. Our method increases the effective average latency by up to 63.4%, 68.2%, and 98.9% for the single HT in the destination, header, and tail fields, respectively, over the existing methods. We propose countermeasures to harden the NoC design, rather than fully relying on software or firmware solutions to detect a compromised NoC used in the MPSoC.Our router-level HT mitigation mechanism raises the bar for an adversary to simultaneously control multiple routing hops to create a malicious communication path between two IP cores in the NoC-based MPSoC.The proposed collaborative dynamic permutation and flit integrity check method is capable of examining the invariables of NoC to immediately terminate the detected HTs.
Nitride-bridged triiron complex and its relevance to dinitrogen activation.

Using a simple metathesis approach, the triiron(II) tribromide complex Fe3Br3L (1) reacts with tetrabutylammonium azide to afford the monoazide dibromide analogue Fe3(Br)2(N3)L (2) in high yield. The inclusion of azide was confirmed by IR spectroscopy with a ν(N3) = 2082 cm–1 as well as combustion analysis and X-ray crystallography. Heating 2 in the solid state results in the complete loss of the azide vibration in the IR spectra and the isolation of the olive-green mononitride complex Fe3(Br)2(N)L (3). Solution magnetic susceptibility measurements support that the trimetallic core within 2 is oxidized upon generation of 3 (5.07 vs 3.09 μB). Absorption maxima in the UV–visible–near-IR (NIR) spectra of 2 and 3 support the azide-to-nitride conversion, and a broad NIR absorption centered at 1117 nm is similar to that previously reported for the intervalence charge-transfer band for a mixed-valent nitridodiiron cluster. The cyclic voltammograms recorded for 3 are comparable to those of 1 with no reductive wav...
S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Mediated Enzymatic Methylations in the Plasma Membranes of the Human Trophoblast

Enzymatic methylations, in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as a methyl donor, play a significant role in several cellular functions. During the past decade, three of these SAM-mediated methylations have received special attention: (a) stepwise conversion of membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine (PME), phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine (PMME) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) by two phospholipid N-methyltransferases (PMT I and II) in several tissues (Hirata et al., 1978; Hirata and Axelrod, 1978a,b, 1980; Crews et al., 1980; Sastry et al., 1981a, b, 1982; Sastry and Janson, 1983; Jaiswal et al., 1983), (b) formation of protein carboxymethlyesters (PCME) by protein carboxymethylase (PCM) in several cell systems (Gagnon et al., 1978, 1979; Alder, 1979; Sastry et al., 1983), and (c) methylation of endogenous fatty acids by fatty acid carboxymethylases (FACM) in several tissues (Zatz et al., 1981; Engelsen and Zatz, 1982; Stephan and Sastry, 1984, 1985).
Stages of ionization and voltage breakdown at gaseous continuum produced by lightning surge

For anisotropic gaseous continuum, located at considerable distance from the source of lightning surge, where radiation from conduction in the return stroke and time variation in bound charges (convective effect), have been assumed to exist, and with the knowledge that all electromagnetic radiation fields components are known, the following solutions have been established: 1. Induced current density vectors within the gaseous continuum in three dimensional coordinate system have been determined. 2. Criteria of voltage breakdown (induced electrically and magnetically) along any orientation in the cylindrical coordinate system have been established in three modes: a. Concentration mode b. Field effect mode and c. Coupled field-concentration mode 3. Microscopic, average velocities of the anisotropic gaseous, doubly ionized mixture have been secured through the field-concentration criterion of voltage breakdown.
ECG Biometric Identification Using Wavelet Analysis Coupled with Probabilistic Random Forest

A novel algorithm is proposed in this study for improving the accuracy and robustness of human biometric identification using electrocardiograms (ECG) from mobile devices. The algorithm combines the advantages of both fiducial and non-fiducial ECG features and implements a fully automated, two-stage cascaded classification system using wavelet analysis coupled with probabilistic random forest machine learning. The proposed algorithm achieves a high identification accuracy of 99.43% for the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database, 99.98% for the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm database, 100% for the ECG data acquired from an ECG sensor integrated into a mobile phone, and 98.79% for the PhysioNet Human-ID database acquired from multiple tests within a 6-month span. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm for biometric identification, hence supporting its practicality in applications such as remote healthcare and cloud data security.
Virtual Learning Environments in Social Psychology: Using The SIMs3 to Teach Self-Related Processes

An interactive learning module was developed and implemented in a social psychology course to teach concepts of the self via self-exploration and game play using The SIMS3. Students volunteered to ...
Lung Transplant Mortality Is Improving in Recipients With a Lung Allocation Score in the Upper Quartile

Background Since the introduction of the Lung Allocation Score (LAS), the mean LAS has risen. Still, it remains uncertain whether mortality has improved in the most severely ill lung transplant recipients over this time period. Methods Using the United Network for Organ Sharing database, we identified 3,548 adult lung transplant recipients from May 4, 2005, to March 31, 2014, with a match-time LAS in the upper quartile (>75th%ile). We divided this population across three eras: 1 = May 4, 2005, to December 31, 2008 (n = 1,280); 2 = January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2011 (n = 1,266); and 3 = January 1, 2012, to March 31, 2014 (n = 1,002). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the primary outcomes of 30-day and 1-year mortality to assess the independent impact of the era of transplantation. Results The mean LAS at time of transplant for patients in the upper quartile in eras 1, 2, and 3 was 63, 73, and 79, respectively ( p p = 0.001) but not at 30 days (log-rank p = 0.152). After risk adjustment, lung transplantation in more recent eras was associated with improved mortality at both 30 days (era 3 hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32% to 0.78%, p = 0.002) and 1 year (era 2 HR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.64% to 0.94%, p = 0.008; era 3 HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.43% to 0.68%, p Conclusions Despite a progressively rising LAS, survival is improving among recipients with the highest LAS at the time of lung transplantation. This calls into question the notion of a maximum LAS beyond which lung transplantation becomes futile, a so-called LAS ceiling.
Live birth, miscarriage, and abortion among U.S. women with and without disabilities.

Abstract Background Prior studies have found that women with disabilities who give birth are more likely to have preterm deliveries and low birthweight infants. However, it is not known what proportion of pregnant women with disabilities experience live birth, versus miscarriage or abortion. Objective To compare proportions of live birth, miscarriage, and abortion among women with basic action difficulties, women with complex activity limitations, and women without disabilities in a nationally representative sample. Methods We analyzed pooled Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from Panels 1–11 (covering years 1996–2007), which included a Pregnancy Detail module assessing outcomes for women who were pregnant during panel participation. We used chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression to compare disability groups on pregnancy outcomes. Results Among women with a recorded pregnancy outcome, women with disabilities were less likely to have live births (80.8% of women with basic action difficulties and 75.3% of women with complex activity limitations versus 85.0% of women without disabilities), but differences related to disability were not significant when adjusting for covariates. Women with complex activity limitations were significantly more likely to report miscarriages, even when controlling for covariates. Disability was not significantly associated with abortion in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions Our findings add to the growing literature on pregnancy outcomes among women with disabilities, providing important information about outcomes that are not reflected in delivery records. We found few differences between women with and without disabilities, and good likelihood of live birth among women with disabilities experiencing pregnancy.
Using quality improvement to increase human milk use for preterm infants

This review will provide an overview of quality improvement methods that have been used to improve human milk use (mother's own milk and donor milk) for very low-birth-weight infants in the hospital setting in the last decade. We will review the following: (1) evidence-based practices known to increase mother's own milk for very low-birth-weight infants; (2) individual hospitals with exemplary lactation programs and past and current US-based statewide quality improvement collaboratives focused on increasing mother's own milk; and (3) existing quality metrics for human milk and gaps in metrics. Finally, we will provide practical examples of key driver diagrams and change concepts that may be used to inform quality improvement for mother's own milk for very low-birth-weight infants.
How Neoliberal Globalization Is Shaping Early Childhood Education Policies in India, China, Singapore, Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

In rapidly globalizing systems of schooling around the world, economic considerations have led to a push to impose neoliberal reforms in the field of education. Under this influence early childhood...
Effects of Nootkatone and a Borate Compound on Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and Its Symbiont Protozoa

Wood treated with disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, with nootkatone, a natural extract isolated from vetiver oil, or with both nootkatone and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate was tested for effects...
The cost of sarcopenia.

van Vugt and colleagues found that sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for increased hospital costs for liver transplant candidates. (1) They report that diminished muscle mass measured on CT imaging as the skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2 muscle area/m2 patient height) is strongly associated with increased hospitalizations and cost of care. The association was significant on multivariable modeling adjusted for potential confounders. This original observation using an anatomic muscle mass measurement is consistent with work showing that physical frailty measured by gait speed indicates similar risk for increased hospitalization and healthcare costs in such patients.(2) This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Measurement of area and personal breathing zone concentrations of diesel particulate matter (DPM) during oil and gas extraction operations, including hydraulic fracturing

ABSTRACTDiesel engines serve many purposes in modern oil and gas extraction activities. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) emitted from diesel engines is a complex aerosol that may cause adverse health effects depending on exposure dose and duration. This study reports on personal breathing zone (PBZ) and area measurements for DPM (expressed as elemental carbon) during oil and gas extraction operations including drilling, completions (which includes hydraulic fracturing), and servicing work.Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) collected 104 full-shift air samples (49 PBZ and 55 area) in Colorado, North Dakota, Texas, and New Mexico during a four-year period from 2008–2012. The arithmetic mean (AM) of the full shift TWA PBZ samples was 10 µg/m3; measurements ranged from 0.1–52 µg/m3. The geometric mean (GM) for the PBZ samples was 7 µg/m3. The AM of the TWA area measurements was 17 µg/m3 and ranged from 0.1–68 µg/m3. The GM for the area measurements was 9.5 µg/m3. D...
Direct modeling of raw audio with DNNS for wake word detection

In this work, we develop a technique for training features directly from the single-channel speech waveform in order to improve wake word (WW) detection performance. Conventional speech recognition systems typically extract a compact feature representation based on prior knowledge such as log-mel filter bank energy (LFBE). Such a feature is then used for training a deep neural network (DNN) acoustic model (AM). In contrast, we directly train the WW DNN AM from the single-channel audio data in a stage-wise manner. We first build a feature extraction DNN with a small hidden bottleneck layer, and train this bottleneck feature representation using the same multi-task cross-entropy objective function as we use to train our WW DNNs. Then, the WW classification DNN is trained with input bottleneck features, keeping the feature extraction layers fixed. Finally, the feature extraction and classification DNNs are combined and then jointly optimized. We show the effectiveness of this stage-wise training technique through a set of experiments on real beam-formed far-field data. The experiment results show that the audioinput DNN provides significantly lower miss rates for a range of false alarm rates over the LFBE when a sufficient amount of training data is available, yielding approximately 12 % relative improvement in the area under the curve (AUC).
PS8:152 Trends and outcomes of venous thromboembolism in hospitalised patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results from nationwide inpatient sample database 2003–2011

Background/purpose Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients particularly patients with autoimmune disorders. Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was analysed to determine trends in rate of hospitalisation and mortality from VTE in hospitalised systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients to assess its impact. Methods 2003–2011 NIS database of Healthcare Cost and Utilisation Project was queried to identify all adults (age >18 years) hospitalised with SLE and VTE. Demographic characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of this population were compared to SLE patients without a VTE diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to obtain adjusted odds ratio (OR). Results The total number of hospitalised patients with SLE was 2 99 595 of which 9175 (3.06%) had VTE. Mean age of the study population was 50 years and 89% were females. Mean age of SLE patients with VTE was lower than those without VTE (48 vs 51 years). Rate of VTE was higher in African Americans as compared to Caucasians (3.8% vs 2.8%) and in males when compared to females (4.3% vs 2.9%). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to those without VTE, SLE patients with VTE had higher inpatient mortality (5% vs 2.0%, OR 2.35 (CI: 2.10 to 2.62, p The rate of VTE among SLE patients have increased since 2005 as shown in Graph 1. Conclusion VTE in hospitalised patients with SLE is associated with significantly higher inpatient mortality, greater disability at discharge, increased length of stay and higher cost of hospitalisation. The rate of VTE in SLE patients is on rise likely due to awareness and higher reporting. In this database patients with SLE and VTE were younger. Male sex and African-American race may be associated with an increased risk of VTE in patients with SLE. This cross-sectional study would help in the development and implementation of appropriate prophylactic strategies in high risk SLE population.
A Factorial Hidden Markov Model for the Analysis of Temporal Change in Choice Models

Consumers’ preferences for various product attributes change over time. Modeling such temporal changes through a single process assumes that all the attributes’ preferences change together with the same dynamics; however, this assumption is not appropriate when there are several processes with distinct characteristics. We propose a new non-homogeneous factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM) for choice models to dynamically segment consumers into distinct states while each preference parameter may follow a distinct Markov process. The transition probabilities are modeled as time-varying at the individual level, affected by covariates of a feedback term of the consumer’s previous purchase decision, specific to each Markov process. We motivate the proposed approach by an application to a scanner panel choice dataset and find two processes with entirely different characteristics governing the shifts in two preference attributes. Model fit and prediction power based on Brier scores show the superiority of the proposed non-homogeneous FHMM in capturing temporal changes in preferences compared to a traditional hidden Markov model as well as a benchmark comparison model.
Background Material on Fundamental Groups, Covering Spaces, and (Co)homology

We recall that a path (or parametrized path or curve or parametrized curve) in a topological space X from a point x to a point y is a continuous mapping γ:[a,b]→X with γ(a)=x and γ(b)=y (see Sect. 9.1). We take the domain of a path to be [0,1], unless otherwise indicated. A loop (or closed curve) with base point p∈X is a path in X from p to p. In this chapter, we consider the equivalence relation given by path homotopies. This leads to the fundamental group, which is the group given by the path homotopy equivalence classes of loops at a point, and to covering spaces, both of which are important objects in complex analysis and Riemann surface theory. We also consider homology groups, which are essentially Abelian versions of the fundamental group, and cohomology groups, which are groups that are dual to the homology groups.
Domination of measures and disintegration of measures

Throughout this chapter the setting is that of compact or locally compact spaces and positive Radon measures. We make constant use of the notation and terminology of chapter 8.
Edema Formation in the Isolated Canine Brain: Anoxia vs. Ischemia

Isolated canine brains were subjected to either 30 min of anoxic anoxia (perfusion with blood having a pO2 < 10 mm Hg) or ischemia (no perfusion). Brain oxidative metabolism, unidirectional and net glucose transport, adenine nucleotide, water and electrolyte content were studied during a 2 h period of re-perfusion.
First-Order Properties

A first-order property of a structure is a property that can be expressed in first-order logic. Some important properties are first-order but many are not. We will see why finiteness, minimality, order-minimality, and being well ordered are not first-order, and how some such properties can be expressed in higher-order logics.
Mapping the Delirium Literature Through Probabilistic Topic Modeling and Network Analysis: A Computational Scoping Review.

Background Delirium is an acute confusional state, associated with morbidity and mortality in diverse medically-ill populations. Delirium is recognized, through both professional competencies and instructional materials, as a core topic in consultation psychiatry. Objective Conduct a computational scoping review of the delirium literature to identify the overall contours of this literature and evolution of the delirium literature over time. Methods Algorithmic analysis of all research articles on delirium indexed in MEDLINE between 1995 and 2015 using network analysis of citation Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) tags and probabilistic topic modeling of article abstracts. Results The delirium corpus included 3591 articles in 874 unique journals, of which 95 were primarily psychiatric. The annual delirium publication volume increased from 40 in 1995 to 420 in 2015 and grew as a proportion of total indexed publications from 8.9 to 38.6 per 100,000. The psychiatric journals published 720 of the delirium publications. Articles on treatment of delirium (806) outnumber articles on prevention of delirium (432). Abstract topic modeling and Medical Subject Headings graph community analysis identified similar genres in the delirium literature, including: delirium in geriatric, critically ill, palliative care, and postsurgical patients as well as diagnostic criteria or scales, and clinical risk factors. The genres identified by topic modeling and community analysis were distributed unevenly between psychiatric journals and nonpsychiatric journals. Conclusion The delirium literature is large and growing. Much of this growth is outside of psychiatric journals. Subtopics of the delirium literature can be algorithmically identified, and these subtopics are distributed unevenly across psychiatric journals.
Deep Query Optimization

In recent decades, we observed the rapid growth of several big data platforms. Each of them is designed for specific demands. For instance, Spark can efficiently process iterative queries, while Storm is designed for in-memory processing. In this context, the complexity of these distributed systems make it much harder to develop rigorous cost models for query optimization problems. This paper aims to address two problems of the query optimization process: cost estimation and index selection. The cost estimation problem predicts the best execution plan by measuring the cost of alternative query plans. The index selection problem determines the most suitable indexing method with a given dataset. Both problems require the development of a complex function that measures the cost or suitability of alternatives to a specific dataset. Therefore, we employ deep learning to solve those problems due to its capability of learning complicated models. We first address a simple form of cost estimation problem: selectivity estimation. Our preliminary results show that our deep learning models work efficiently with the accuracy of selectivity estimation up to 97%.
Peripheral Auditory Processing of Speech Information: Implications from a Physiological Study of Intensity Discrimination

A fundamental problem in speech processing by the peripheral auditory system is how to represent the short-time spectrum over the broad range of stimulus levels and signal-to-noise ratios of conversational speech. Because most auditory-nerve fibers have a limited dynamic range, profiles of average discharge rates against characteristic frequency (CF) seem to provide a poor representation of the formant frequencies of vowel-like sounds at stimulus levels and signal-to-noise ratios well within the conversational range (Sachs and Young, 1979; Sachs et al., 1983; Miller and Sachs, 1983). However, it cannot be concluded from these results that average discharge rates of all auditory-nerve fibers fail to provide sufficient information for distinguishing speech sounds, because these studies have not examined in detail the possible roles of high-threshold fibers (Liberman, 1978), and efferent feedback to the cochlea (Wiederhold and Kiang, 1970). In this paper, we approach this “dynamic range” problem by using the concepts of signal-detection theory to relate psychophysical performance in intensity discrimination to the activity of auditory-nerve fibers.
Are we all clear? Unintended shocks to caregivers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Although training in basic life support and advanced cardiac life support emphasizes the importance of ensuring that caregivers are “clear” before shock delivery, there will inevitably be circumstances when they are not. However, to our knowledge, device manufacturers do not address how to
Marrow transplantation for chronic myelocytic leukemia: a controlled trial of cyclosporine versus methotrexate for prophylaxis of graft- versus-host disease

Forty-eight patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia, aged 11 to 47, were treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and fractionated total body irradiation, followed by infusion of marrow from HLA-identical siblings. They were randomized to receive either methotrexate (MTX) (n = 23) or cyclosporine (CSP) (n = 25) as postgrafting prophylaxis for graft-v-host disease (GVHD). All patients had evidence of sustained hematopoietic engraftment. Seventeen of the 25 patients receiving CSP and 17 of the 23 patients receiving MTX are alive between one and almost four (median, 1.7) years, with an actuarial survival rate at three years of 62% and 66%, respectively (P = .60). Also, with respect to most other parameters studied, the two drugs were identical. The probability of acute GVHD was .42 and .46, respectively (P = .70), that of chronic GVHD, .50 and .63 (P = .44), and that of death from transplant-related causes, .30 and .24 (P = .51). There were no differences in the speed of granulocyte and platelet engraftment (P = .82 and .94, respectively), and the duration of hospitalization was comparable (P = .58). Patients receiving MTX required red cell transfusions for a shorter period of time (P = .02), but had a slightly increased morbidity from early oral mucositis. The leukemia recurrence rates were comparable (P = .60). With the regimens used in this study, we conclude that CSP failed to reduce the incidence of GVHD and improve the survival of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia when compared to results with standard MTX.
Are U.S. Dentists Adequately Trained to Care for Children

For decades, dental educators have noted changes in predoctoral dental education in pediatric dentistry, beginning with shifts in patients' characteristics and their availability for dental schools. During the same period, national data exposed a lingering dental caries epidemic in U.S. children yet reported more treatment of young poor children. The professional literature suggests a reluctance of the general dental community to care for children, particularly the very young who would most benefit from a dental home. The purpose of this commentary was to weigh evidence of several decades of studies on this seeming contradiction and provide the perspectives of dental students in training, those seeking advanced pediatric dentistry education or providing it, and end-users of our educational system who employ U.S. dental graduates to care for children. The usefulness of dental education establishment indicators is also reviewed, and recommendations for improvement are proposed.
Establishing a 501(c)(3) Nonprofit Organization: An Overview

This new 3-page document provides an overview of the process to establish a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization and also discusses eligibility criteria and filing requirements. Written by Jacqueline Phillips, Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar, Jennifer A. Jones, and Julianne Shoup, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, April 2019. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1481
The Interrelationship of Shinrin-Yoku and Spirituality: A Scoping Review

Background and objectives: Shinrin-yoku (SY; Forest Bathing) is an integrative practice known to improve humans' physiologic and psychologic health and well-being by mindfully using the five human ...
GRAPHICAL SOLUTION TO HYDRAULIC JUMP

Nomograms are developed to give complete graphical solutions to the implicit hydraulic jump equation for flow in trapezoidal and triangular channels as well as the explicit equation for a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel. The nomograms were constructed by combining alignment charts which solve the linearized components of the equation to graphical plots containing a graphical representation of the nonlinear components of the equation.
Electoral competition in the presence of identity politics

This paper studies the effects of cultural identity on electoral and policy outcomes when voters are “behavioral.” Building on the evidence that voters assess political or economic events through t...
FGF23 as a drug target

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is mechanistically important to several disorders of hypophosphatemia or hyperphosphatemia. Medical therapy developed prior to the discovery of FGF23 attempted to address the consequences of FGF23 excess through administering phosphate salts and activated vitamin D or of FGF23 deficiency through decreasing intestinal phosphate absorption or trying to increase renal excretion by diuretics. However, there are limitations to these strategies. The discovery of FGF23 enables consideration of FGF23 as a treatment target. Blocking FGF23 action with monoclonal antibodies is now clinically available as a useful treatment modality for conditions such as X-linked hypophosphatemia. On the other hand, administering FGF23, though not yet available for human diseases, would be the ideal treatment for familial hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis resulting from FGF23 deficiency. This chapter will explore the medical treatment of FGF23-related disorders and approaches to use FGF23 itself as a drug target.
Towards User-Centric Robot Furniture Arrangement

Imbuing furniture with robot properties reduces the physical labor and time needed for arranging spaces, such as homes, classrooms, and offices. Outsourcing labor tasks to robot furniture requires users’ involvement with functional user interfaces. We performed a user study on multi-robot furniture and added additional features based on the study results. The study involved 12 participants rearranging multiple non-robotic and robotic chairs (ChairBots). Results from the video and interview analysis revealed five high-level features missing in the original ChairBot: dual screen-based user interface, the ability to save and to set arrangements, the ability to move in multi-robot formations, the ability to snap to angles/gridlines, and higher movement precision. The improved system allows users to control multiple furniture robots, both locally and remotely. Such improvement sets the baseline functionalities of robot furniture arrangement systems while extending the potential utilization of established robotic chairs.
Trauma in Context: an Integrative Treatment Model

Evidenced based trauma treatments benefit children, but they rarely suffice for youth with multiple and complex comorbidities. After the completion of standard treatments, many children continue to show residual social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. Part of the difficulty is that while the literature on trauma describes numerous facets that contribute to the severity, expression, and outcomes of trauma exposure, clinical assessments and interventions do not sufficiently reflect that literature. Clinicians thus have little guidance on how to integrate the intricacies of client’s circumstances into a trauma-informed framework. To expand the scope and efficacy of treatments and guide clinicians in selecting appropriate interventions, this paper explores factors associated with pretreatment traumatic responses and proposes an integrative treatment model that includes the trauma experience, itself, combined with pre- and post-trauma factors that are both internal and external to the child and family. Pre-trauma experiences influence the severity of traumatic responses, while post-trauma factors impact a person’s ability to cope and recover. Both are important targets for direct intervention.
Anatomic subtype and survival after reconstructive operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome

We conducted a retrospective study of 78 patients who underwent palliative reconstructive operation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome representing an entire consecutive experience between 1983 and 1991 to identify predictors of mortality that might enable more appropriate triage of patients to either reconstruction or transplantation. Twenty-nine patients had aortic atresia, mitral atresia;18 had aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis; 20 had aortic atresia and mitral stenosis; and 11 had miscellaneous forms of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. There were 29 hospital deaths (37 %). A worst preoperative pH (p = 0.01) and immediate preoperative pH (p = 0.03) less than the median were predictors of hospital mortality. The anatomic subgroup. aortic atresia, mitral stenosis (p = 0.06) had a possible increased hospital mortality. One patient was lost to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meer survival estimate among hospital survivors was 34% at 3 years and 25% at 5 years. The anatomic subgroup aortic atresia, mitral atresia (p = 0.02) had a worse late outcome (11 % 3-year survival) whereas the subgroup aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis (p = 0.04; 76 % 3-year survival) had a better late outcome. There were no other significant predictors of late survival other than immediate prerepair pH (p = 0.05). Interpretation of this experience is complicated by the large number of different surgical techniques used for both first-stage neonatal reconstruction and the Fontan procedure plus introduction of the bidirectional Glenn shunt as an intermediate step midway through the experience. Nevertheless in this time frame and with the variety of techniques used, this experience demonstrates that patients with aortic atresia, mitral atresia, particularly those who have been very acidotic in the neonatal period, are least likely to do well with the reconstructive approach to hypoplastic left heart syndrome and are the most appropriate subgroup to be directed to transplantation. Patients with aortic stenosis, mitral stenosis have an excellent late outcome with the reconstructive approach.