cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Homeless and Non-Homeless Problem Drug Users Recruited from Primary Care Safety-Net Clinics

Abstract Introduction The present study of homeless non-treatment-seeking problem drug users was designed to complement and extend previous studies which focused exclusively on treatment-seeking homeless problem drug users. Method Data were available for 866 primary care patients with drug problems, 30% homeless and 70% housed. Results In the 2years prior to baseline, homeless participants had less chronic medical co-morbidity than problem drug users who were housed yet were significantly more likely to have used emergency department services, to have used them more frequently, and at higher cost. Compared to their housed counterparts, homeless participants were also more likely to have been admitted to specialized chemical dependency treatment and/or detoxification services, to have been arrested for a felony or gross misdemeanor, and to report having psychiatric problems in the prior 30days. Conclusions Additional support may be necessary for homeless patients presenting in primary care to benefit from substance abuse treatment given their more severe drug use problems coupled with their co-morbid health, psychiatric, and psychosocial problems.
A de novo mutation in KIT causes white spotting in a subpopulation of German Shepherd dogs

Summary Although variation in the KIT gene is a common cause of white spotting among domesticated animals, KIT has not been implicated in the diverse white spotting observed in the dog. Here, we show that a loss-of-function mutation in KIT recapitulates the coat color phenotypes observed in other species. A spontaneous white spotting observed in a pedigree of German Shepherd dogs was mapped by linkage analysis to a single locus on CFA13 containing KIT (pairwise LOD = 15). DNA sequence analysis identified a novel 1-bp insertion in the second exon that co-segregated with the phenotype. The expected frameshift and resulting premature stop codons predicted a severely truncated c-Kit receptor with presumably abolished activity. No dogs homozygous for the mutation were recovered from multiple intercrosses (P = 0.01), suggesting the mutation is recessively embryonic lethal. These observations are consistent with the effects of null alleles of KIT in other species.
TMT/VLOT integrated modeling

The National Research Council's Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics (NRC-HIA) has developed an opto-mechanical integrated modeling toolset called TM-IM. This time-domain state-space toolset has been implemented using Matlab/Simulink/C. The toolset was originally developed for the Very Large Optical Telescope (VLOT) design work, and continued when Canada joined in the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project. The TM-IM toolset has been developed to accommodate different structural and optical designs and has been used to evaluate telescope performance to assist in making decisions for the TMT reference design expected fall 2004. Preliminary results include delivered image quality as a function of wind loading on the structure, primary and secondary mirror, and the simulation of an Adaptive Optics system which provides control feedback to the primary mirror.
Stopping power for partially stripped ions

The Bethe formula for the stopping power for bare ions is extended to the collisions between partially stripped ions and neutral atoms. The resulting formulas can be presented in the same form as the original Bethe formula by replacing the nuclear charge of the projectile $Z$ and the mean excitation energy $I$ by ${Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and ${I}_{\mathrm{eff}}$, respectively. Both ${Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and ${I}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ contain contributions from excitations (including ionizations) of the target by the projectile, excitations of the projectile by the target, and mutual excitations. They are defined in terms of projectile and target properties that can be calculated from first principles. Expressions for ${Z}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and ${I}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ reduce to those in the Bethe formula for bare incident ions. Formulas for atom-atom and ion-ion collisions are also presented. Comparison with experimental data on Ar ions in Ar gas indicates that the new formula is reliable for projectile energies greater than a few MeV/amu.
Prenatal gliogenesis in the developing cerebrum of the mouse.

Abstract A correlative light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical study was made of the brains of C57BL/6J mice obtained between embryonic day (E-) 11 to postnatal day (P-) 3. The deployment of radially oriented glial cells within the neopallium was already apparent by E-12, at which time the expanded endfeet of processes abutting the basement membrane at the pial surface showed ultrastructural evidence of glial differentiation. Scattered, horizontally arranged glial cells were also observed within the marginal zone prior to the arrival of the cortical plate neurons. Indirect immunofluorescence for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was detected at the outer margins of the neopallium at E-12, antedating the expression of GFAP in radially organized fibers. Radial fibers traversing the full thickness of the neopallium became strongly immunoreactive for GFAP only at and after day E-16. These findings provide evidence of early gliogenesis in the developing mouse forebrain and indicate that GFAP is as readily demonstrable in mouse astrocytes and radial glial fibers as it is in those of man and subhuman primates.
Effects of ketoconazole on rat testicular steroidogenic enzymatic activities.

Ketoconazole (K) is an antifungal imidazole derivative which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of testosterone (T) biosynthesis in rodents and humans. To study the effect of K on rat testicular steroidogenesis we measured the activities of five testicular micro-somal steroidogenic enzymes in K-treated rats and controls. Thirty male adult rats were given either 2 mg K or water every 12 hours by mouth during 5 days. Mean testicular weight was similar in both groups of animals. The K-treated group had a T serum concentration of 83 ±14 ng/dL whereas it was 94 ± 16 ng/dL in the control group (NS). The K-treated animals had decreased activities of the 3 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (830 ± 48 vs 2, 245 ± 109 pmol/mg protein/min, P < 0.001), 17-hydroxylase (243 ± 5 vs 676 ± 17 pmol/mg protein/min, P < 0.001), 17-ketosteroid reductase (31 ± 2 vs 169 ± 7 pmol/mg protein/min, P < 0.001), and aromatase enzymes (92 ± 6 vs 123 ± 7 pmol/mg protein/ min, P < 0.01). The 17,20-desmolase activity was similar in both groups of animals (210 ± 4 vs 171 ± 18 pmol/mg protein/ min). We conclude that K given orally to rats inhibits the activity of several testicular steroidogenic enzymes.
An experiment on node size in a hypermedia system

The node size that should be used in a hypermedia system is an important design issue. Three interpretations of node size are identified: storage (physical size), window size (presentation size), and length (logical size). An experiment in which presentation size and text length are varied in a HyperCard application is described. The experiment involves student subjects performing a fact retrieval task from a reference handbook. No interaction is found between these two independent variables. Performance is significantly better for the longer texts, but no significant difference is found for the two different window sizes.
An Analogy between Risk Aversion and Homothetic Production under Certainty

A key component in arguments about aggregation is the curvature of micro-decision functions. For example, a mean-preserving spread in the distribution of some parameter across economic agents will decrease aggregate response when each identical microfunction is concave in the parameter. Using this motivation, with the parameter being output price, curvature of derived demands and supplies is examined. Calculations analogous to the Arrow-Pratt absolute risk aversion measure and its slope are crucial in determining these results in many cases. This allows one to use known results in risk theory to simply characterize curvature.
Simultaneous measurement of aggregation, secretion, oxygen uptake, proton production, and intracellular metabolites in the same platelet suspension.

Abstract A cuvette is described for the simultaneous measurement of hydrogen ions, calcium ions, light transmission, and p O 2 in a single gel-filtered platelet suspension stirred at 37°C. A variable volume (2.5–10 ml) and special in- and outlets permit additions and sampling during incubation. Evidence is presented that changes in these parameters reflect lactate production in resting platelets (H + measurement), secretion of dense granular content (Ca 2+ measurement), shape change and aggregation (light transmission), and arachidonate oxidation and mitochondrial respiration ( p O 2 measurement). The cuvette therefore enables direct correlation between function and energy metabolism in platelets.
Rate of crustal extension across the Rio Grande Rift near Albuquerque, New Mexico

There has probably been about 8 km of crustal extension in a northwest-southeast direction across the Rio Grande rift near Albuquerque, New Mexico, since approximately 26 m.y. ago, giving an annual rate of about 0.3 mm/yr. This estimate is based on an interpretation that the normal faults bounding the graben decrease in dip downward and extend to a depth of about 10 to 15 km. Below that depth the crust is assumed to have undergone plastic deformation.
Myosin regulatory light chain mutation found in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients increases isometric force production in transgenic mice

FHC (familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) is a heritable form of cardiac hypertrophy caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. The present study focuses on the A13T mutation in the human ventricular myosin RLC (regulatory light chain) that is associated with a rare FHC variant defined by mid-ventricular obstruction and septal hypertrophy. We generated heart-specific Tg (transgenic) mice with ~10% of human A13T-RLC mutant replacing the endogenous mouse cardiac RLC. Histopathological examinations of longitudinal heart sections from Tg-A13T mice showed enlarged interventricular septa and profound fibrotic lesions compared with Tg-WT (wild-type), expressing the human ventricular RLC, or non-Tg mice. Functional studies revealed an abnormal A13T mutation-induced increase in isometric force production, no change in the force–pCa relationship and a decreased V max of the acto-myosin ATPase. In addition, a fluorescence-based assay showed a 3-fold lower binding affinity of the recombinant A13T mutant for the RLC-depleted porcine myosin compared with WT-RLC. These results suggest that the A13T mutation triggers a hypertrophic response through changes in cardiac sarcomere organization and myosin cross-bridge function leading to abnormal remodelling of the heart. The significant functional changes observed, despite a low level of A13T mutant incorporation into myofilaments, suggest a ‘poison-peptide’ mechanism of disease.
THE EFFECTS OF FORMING MULTI‐PREDICTOR COMPOSITES ON GROUP DIFFERENCES AND ADVERSE IMPACT

A common assumption exists which asserts that the formation of composites of predictors represents a method for dealing with adverse impact. It is often expected that including predictors that demonstrate smaller group differences with others that demonstrate larger group differences will help to alleviate the amount of adverse impact observed at the composite level. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question “If two or more predictors are combined to form a composite, what will be the magnitude of group differences and, consequently, of adverse impact, of using that composite for selection?” In answering this question, a set of tables, figures, and formulas are presented that highlight variables influential in affecting how composites of predictors influence observed group differences. A number of conclusions are drawn that clarify the extent to which forming composites decreases group differences and subsequently adverse impact.
115 W Tm:YAG CW diode-pumped solid-state laser

High-power lasers operating at wavelengths around 2 µm are useful for a wide variety of applications ranging from laser surgery, material processing and coherent lidar, to serving as a pump source for mid-IR optical parametric oscillators.
The Air Sensor Citizen Science Toolbox: A Collaboration in Community Air Quality Monitoring and Mapping

The Air Sensor Citizen Science Toolbox is being developed by the US EPA with resources and other tools that can be used by citizens to learn more about air sensor technology. The toolbox has an overarching goal of providing guidance and instructions to citizens to allow them to effectively collect, analyze, interpret, and communicate air quality data. EPA’s Office of Research and Development is collaborating with select EPA Regions and local community organizations to develop sensor packages for community-based monitoring to initiate the long-range goal. A pilot community involved in rolling out specific components of the toolbox is bordered by highways, rail yards, major port activities, international airports, and industrial facilities, amongst others. It is believed that residents might be exposed to a variety of airborne pollutants from these sources. To achieve the project’s goal to raise awareness of local air pollution levels through citizen science-based monitoring, scientists involved in the pilot project are: Working with community members to develop a study design for monitoring air quality in the community based on sound science and local community concerns; Assisting the community in selecting appropriate pollutants for citizen scientists to monitor; Providing necessary environmental sensors, one-on-one training, and written directions for sensor use; Guiding community members on data analysis, data viewing options, and communication. A future goal of this pilot project is to translate these methods across other EPA Regional offices so they can collaborate with their local community action groups and address similar issues. The Citizen Science Toolbox has the potential to be a valuable resource for such collaborations.
Soil solution chemistry in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) ecosystems, southeastern Wyoming, USA

Concentrations of the principal inorganic and organic solutes in the soil root-zone were measured in six contrasting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp.latifolia) forest ecosystems for five years (1979–1983). Consistent temporal changes in the principal inorganic solutes (Ca, Mg, K, Na, SO4, Cl) were observed in all the forest stands and years of study: high concentrations at the initiation of snowmelt in the spring were followed by rapid declines to rather constant values in the mid to late stages of snowmelt. Except for K, concentrations of these solutes differed significantly between sites and between years. Sulfate was the principal mobile anion in the root-zone soil solutions, but contributions of bicarbonate and organic anions also were important. The pH of root-zone solutions was relatively high (6.0), did not change significantly as snowmelt proceeded, and was significantly lower in high-clay soils. No consistent trends in bicarbonate alkalinity were observed and soil atmosphere CO2 concentrations were only about 10 to 20 times above atmospheric levels, peaking at the end of the snowmelt interval. Concurrent changes in the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, non-volatile acid-neutralizing capacity, and total Al and Fe indicated that these soil-forming metals were transported vertically in the soil as organic complexes. Precipitation of these complexes was more rapid and more complete in the soils with high clay content than in the coarser soils. Moreover, organic anions comprised up to 30% of the total anionic charge in the coarse-textured soils but less than 10% in the fine soils. Little seasonal or spatial variation of inorganic N and P concentrations was observed in root-zone solutions, probably as a result of high biotic demand for these limiting nutrients. Flux of N and P in these ecosystems was predominately via organic forms so that losses of these nutrients was strongly linked to the mobility of dissolved organic carbon. However, a two-fold increase in the organic N:P and C:P ratios was observed during passage of melt water from the forest floor to mineral soil, evidence of more rapid mineralization of organic P.
The application of the Riks technique to shell snapping

A finite element method, incorporating a modified Riks technique and full Newton-Raphson method (FNR), is investigated in order to trace a highly nonlinear responses such as snap-through, and single and multiple snap-back phenomena of cylindrical shells. A through the thickness parabolic transverse shear strain of cylindrical shell is considered. An initial load increment or decrement is automatically determined at the beginning of each load step, then the final load increment or decrement and the corresponding displacements are obtained in several iterations by using the modified Riks technique.
Management of vertical bone resorption in periodontal disease

Abstract It is important to detect vertical bone resorption in its incipiency. To preserve involved teeth, the course of such resorption should be intercepted and modified. Six possible methods for the management of vertical bone resorption have been presented.
Infliximab associated cholestatic liver disease

Purpose: Infliximab is a novel therapy for Crohn's disease demonstrated to be both safe and effective.
The National Science Foundation and the philosophy of chemistry.

: Since its founding in 1950, the National Science Foundation has provided support for a variety of studies in history, philosophy, and social studies of science. The fact that a relatively small number of projects dealing with the philosophy of chemistry have received NSF support is due to the small number of such proposals that have been submitted. The NSF Science and Technology Studies Program (STS) welcomes proposals dealing with philosophy of chemistry.
Determination of Carbonyl 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones by Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemistry

Abstract Reductive mode liquid chromatography/electrochemistry was evaluated for use in quantitating 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatives of carbonyls. Optimum performance was achieved at an operating potential of-0.75V vs Ag/AgCl. Detection limits for DNPH-formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and acrolein were 54, 80, 76, and 99 pg respectively. These detection limits were approximately 20 times lower than obtainable with UV absorbance at 254 nm.
A hybrid particle approach for continuum and rarefied flow simulation

A hybrid particle scheme is presented for the simulation of compressible gas flows involving both continuum regions and rarefied regions with strong translational nonequilibrium. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is applied in rarefied regions, while remaining portions of the flowfield are simulated using a DSMC-based low diffusion particle method for inviscid flow simulation. The hybrid scheme is suitable for either steady state or unsteady flow problems, and can simulate gas mixtures comprising an arbitrary number of species. Numerical procedures are described for strongly coupled two-way information transfer between continuum and rarefied regions, and additional procedures are outlined for the determination of continuum breakdown. The hybrid scheme is evaluated through a comparison with DSMC simulation results for a Mach 6 flow of N"2 over a cylinder, and good overall agreement is observed. Large potential efficiency gains (over three orders of magnitude) are estimated for the hybrid algorithm relative to DSMC in a simple example involving a rarefied expansion flow through a small nozzle into a vacuum chamber.
Liquefaction Evidence for at Least Two Strong Holocene Paleo-Earthquakes in Central and Southwestern Illinois, USA

Two strong mid-Holocene earthquakes in Illinois have been documented by paleoliquefaction features such as clastic dikes, sills, and detachments of fine-grained sediment that sunk into liquefied sand. At least one paleo-earthquake occurred in central Illinois about 35 km NE of Springfield, probably sometime between 5,900 and 7,400 yr BP. Dike widths are as much as 0.4 m near the energy center of the earthquake. Outward from this center, dike widths attenuate and ultimately disappear at about 35 km. More than one paleo-earthquake is probably represented by liquefaction features near Springfield. Another paleo-earthquake that appears to have been centered about 65 km ESE of St. Louis, Missouri, occurred near 5,700 yr BP. The energy center is inferred as being in Illinois, and most likely near lowermost Shoal Creek where the meizoseismal region is defined by dikes as wide as 0.5 m and by a regional abundance of dikes. Dikes from this earthquake probably extend at least as far as 35 km from its inferred energy center. The earthquake near Shoal Creek and one earthquake near Springfield almost certainly exceeded M 6. The paleomagnitudes can be more closely bracketed by geotechnical testing and analysis, when used in conjunction with existing data.
Predicting sites of ADAR editing in double-stranded RNA

ADAR (adenosine deaminase that acts on RNA) editing enzymes target coding and noncoding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and are essential for neuronal function. Early studies showed that ADARs preferentially target adenosines with certain 5' and 3' neighbours. Here we use current Sanger sequencing protocols to perform a more accurate and quantitative analysis. We quantified editing sites in an ∼800-bp dsRNA after reaction with human ADAR1 or ADAR2, or their catalytic domains alone. These large data sets revealed that neighbour preferences are mostly dictated by the catalytic domain, but ADAR2's dsRNA-binding motifs contribute to 3' neighbour preferences. For all proteins, the 5' nearest neighbour was most influential, but adjacent bases also affected editing site choice. We developed algorithms to predict editing sites in dsRNA of any sequence, and provide a web-based application. The predictive power of the algorithm on fully base-paired dsRNA, compared with biological substrates containing mismatches, bulges and loops, elucidates structural contributions to editing specificity.
An incremental analysis of plane strain fully plastic crack growth in strain-hardening materials under extension

Analyses of inelastic fracture have mainly followed two directions. One is crack-tip-field analysis in strain-hardening materials (e.g., the HRR solution). The other is whole field analysis in non-hardening materials (e.g., McClintock's slip-line approach). In this paper, a theoretical approach that combines the two directions is presented to account for large crack growth. As an example, plane strain mode I fully plastic crack growth in a single-edge-cracked-specimen under extension is analyzed. The incremental analysis based on the deformed configuration is developed for large crack growth in strain-hardening materials. A kinematically admissible displacement increment field with crack-tip singularity is first constructed in a presumed symmetrical triangular deformation zone extending from the crack tip to the back flank of the ligament (whole field). Then the size of the deformation zone is determined by minimizing the total force in each incremental step. The strain histories of all material points in the ligament are traced and a fracture criterion based on the hole growth theory is applied. The comparisons between the present study and the experiments existing in the literature show the validity of the present approach.
Studies on the allosteric regulation of tryptophan oxygenase structure and function.

Abstract Tryptophan oxygenase activity in mammalian and microbial systems is subject to several interesting types of regulation. These include control of its rate of biogenesis and degradation which determine the in vivo level of enzyme protein; furthermore, an allosteric regulation exists which modulates the catalytic efficiency of these enzyme molecules. 1. (1)|In the mammal, the level of hepatic tryptophan oxygenase is subject to both hormonal and substrate induction. The underlying molecular processes however differ. Glucocorticoid administration leads to an enhanced rate of enzyme synthesis, whereas high in vivo tryptophan levels convert the enzyme to holoenzyme which is more slowly degraded in vivo. Thus, treatment with either of these inducers results by a distinct mechanism in a rise in the concentration of the enzyme protein. 2. (2)|Tryptophan oxygenase is induced to high levels in Pseudomonas acidovorans by culture in tryptophan-rich media. This process involves the feedback induction of tryptophan oxygenase by its metabolite, kynurenine. 3. (3)|The catalytic efficiency of existing molecules of tryptophan oxygenase is subject to an additional regulatory process which is intrinsic within the enzyme molecule. This allosteric regulation has been studied on homogeneous preparations of tryptophan oxygenase derived from induced Pseudomonas acidovorans. This allosteric behavior is characterized by the following attributes: 3.1. (a)|The catalytic activity is a sigmoidal function of the tryptophan concentration. 3.2. (b)|The effector compound, α-methyltryptophan, which at the concentration employed is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of this enzyme, eliminates the sigmoidicity and decreases the apparent Km for tryptophan. 3.3. (c)|The Km of the enzyme for its other substrate, oxygen, diminishes as the enzyme becomes saturated with either l -tryptophan or α-methyl-tryptophan. 3.4. (d)|The equilibrium binding of various ligands to the heme prosthetic group of tryptophan oxygenase was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The affinity of the enzyme for carbon monoxide and cyanide augments in the presence of tryptophan. 4. (4)|The concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate required to dissociate the enzyme from a tetramer into monomeric units is elevated in the presence of α-methyltryptophan. Combination of this effector compound with the allosteric site apparently augments the subunit interactions which are responsible for maintaining the quaternary integrity of the enzyme. These various studies indicate that tryptophan oxygenase contains distinct catalytic and allosteric sites. Tryptophan may combine with either, whereas α-methyltryptophan combines with high affinity at the allosteric site. Effector combination at the allosteric site results in increased affinity of the enzyme's heme for its physiological ligand, oxygen, or for other ligands such as carbon monoxide and cyanide. Furthermore, marked intensification of quaternary interactions accompanies saturation of the allosteric site.
Breaking the chain: Understanding the association between foreclosure intensity and neighborhood satisfaction

Abstract Extensive research has been conducted on the factors that cause foreclosure and the resulting neighborhood contagion effects. When residents see concentrated foreclosed homes in their neighborhood, their perceptions of their neighborhood are often negatively affected. Despite the potential psychological effects of foreclosures on residents, no research has looked at foreclosure intensity and impacts on other residents' satisfaction in the neighborhood. We used the 2004 Homeowner Satisfaction Survey and foreclosed property data from 2001 to 2004 in Franklin County, Ohio to explore the effect of foreclosure intensity on resident satisfaction. We used a structural equation model to capture the chain reaction of concentrated neighborhood disadvantage on foreclosure intensity and residents' neighborhood satisfaction. We found that the impacts of foreclosures are not limited to lenders and owners of mortgaged homes but extended to other residents living in the neighborhood. In this regard, we recommend housing recession recovery efforts must incorporate programs to alleviate neighbors' psychological distress.
Resistance of kappa-bearing paramecia to kappa toxin.

Abstract Paramecia that contain a mutant kappa population which confers resistance to kappa toxin take up killing kappa particles from the medium. However, no toxic kappa can be recovered if the resistant paramecia are disrupted after having taken up the particles.
Rapid Analysis of 2 × 2 Tables

Abstract In many practical applications, especially when a long question schedule is given to two (or more) series of individuals, the computation of a large number of chi-square tests may become burdensome. For certain common types of data the computation can be avoided, or greatly reduced, by the charts presented in this paper. If so desired these charts may be used as a screen for borderline 2 × 2 tables and the occasional borderline case calculated by the usual methods.
Experimental Equipment Design and Testing of the DEOX Process

Several technologies exist or are under development for treating spent oxide nuclear fuels. Foremost among these are aqueous and pyrochemical reprocessing which both involve a head-end fuel dissolution step. This dissolution step may potentially be shortened if it is combined with a fuel decladding and size reduction process. Declad and Oxidize (DEOX), an advanced head-end processing concept, is being assessed at Argonne National Laboratory to meet these decladding and size reduction needs via the oxidation of UO2 to U3 O8 . This work is being done in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The primary objectives of the DEOX process are to generate suitable feed material for these two fuel treatment processes and to collect information about the behavior of spent fuel during DEOX processing. Specifically, DEOX is intended to remove the spent fuel from its cladding, while avoiding oxidation of the cladding that would contaminate the product. An additional goal is to obtain a product particle size distribution between 45μm to 4mm. Data will be collected on the extent of fuel oxidation and on the volatilization of fission products. The experimental apparatus used to perform these experiments is described in this report along with preliminary test results.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Empowering Middle Managers to be Transformational Leaders

The article describes a field study of a large-scale management development program designed to stimulate middle managerial change. The development of a change typology suggests that middle manager...
Liquid Water in Frozen Tissue: Study by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to examine the behavior and extent of liquid water in postrigor-frozen tissue of cod at temperatures below 0°C. A liquid-water phase persists in the tissue down to about -70°C; the extent of the phase decreases rapidly between 0° and -10°C and slowly at lower temperatures. That the NMR absorption peak of the liquid water increases in width, with decreasing temperature, suggests loss of mobility or structuring of the phase. A technique for introducing geometrically uniform cores of muscle into the probe of the high-resolution spectrometer permits quantitative determinations of liquid water.
Endocrine correlates of mating-induced reductions in estrous behavior in an induced ovulator, the ferret

Experiments were conducted to assess the time course of behavioral and endocrine changes which occur in female ferrets as they switch from estrus to the pseudopregnant state. Significant reductions in females' acceptance of neck gripping by a stimulus male (receptivity) and in their latency to approach a stimulus male in an L-maze (proceptivity) were first observed 3 days after receipt of an intromission; no such changes occurred in other females which were only neck gripped by stimulus males during the initial test session. Corpora lutea were later found only in the ovaries of females which received intromissions, confirming that ovulation had occurred in these animals. Plasma concentrations of prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and the 13,14-dihydro 15-keto metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were unchanged in female ferrets for 4-5 days after receipt of an intromission. By contrast, plasma concentrations of progesterone were significantly elevated beginning 5 days after, whereas plasma estradiol was significantly reduced beginning 4 days after receipt of an intromission. Daily sc administration of the progesterone receptor antagonist. RU 38486, significantly retarded the lengthening in females' approach latencies to a stimulus male, suggesting that postcoital elevations in circulating progesterone normally contribute to the expected decline in proceptive responsiveness. By contrast, postcoital reductions in acceptance quotients occurred at equivalent rates in females treated with RU 38486 versus vehicle, leading us to infer that postcoital reductions in estrogenic stimulation may cause this decline in ferrets' receptive responsiveness.
Pulmonary edema induced by intracranial carbachol infusion in rabbits and rats

Abstract The pulmonary edema produced by Maire and Patton [6] by electrolytic lesions of the lateral preoptic area (LPO) of the hypothalamus can be reproduced by carbachol infused intracranially through cannulae chronically implanted in the LPO of rats and rabbits. Control infusions of saline or mammalian Ringer-Locke solution preceded all infusions of the reagents used, with each animal serving as his own control. Infusions of discrete volumes of nembutal, L-norepinephrine bitartrate, or carbachol preceded by either intracranial or systemic intraperitoneal atropine, failed to produce signs of pulmonary edema in any of the animals. When carbachol infusions were not preceded by atropine, animals with cannulae in LPO demonstrated evidence of intense behavioral and autonomic activation and pulmonary edema. Microscopic examination of lung tissue from 20 animals which died following unilateral carbachol infusion demonstrated evidence of pulmonary edema in the lung ipsilateral to the cannulae. The contralateral lung was only slightly involved in all cases. Animals with no signs of pulmonary edema under any of the infusion conditions had cannulae located outside the LPO. Lung tissue from these animals was indistinguishable from tissue of rabbits which had been infused only with saline or mammalian Ringer-Locke solution. The data indicate that pulmonary edema following intracranial carbachol infusion is a result of an excitatory muscarinic action of carbachol on the cells of the LPO. They also suggest that the pulmonary edema produced by electrolytic lesions in LPO may have been due to something other than simple removal of LPO tissue.
An automatic node-relabeling scheme for bandwidth minimization of stiffness matrices.

Stiffness matrices bandwidth minimization by automatic node relabeling in equilibrium problems of lumper-parameter systems
Carbamazepine inhibits spontaneous activity in experimental neuromas

Abstract In eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats the effect of parenteral carbamazepine on spontaneous discharges from saphenous neuromas (7–42 days following nerve section) was tested. Intravenous carbamazepine produced immediate inhibition of spontaneous activity originating in both A - α β and A-δ fibers at doses of 2.51–11.2 (7.9 ± 3.3) mg/kg. In four additional animals, serum levels of carbamazepine were determined following iv administration of the drug. These results indicated that ectopic spontaneous impulse generation from experimental neuromas was inhibited by carbamazepine in the range of serum concentration in which the agent is used to treat trigeminal neuralgia and other painful neuropathies in humans. This implies that the effectiveness of this agent in the treatment of these disorders may result from suppression of peripherally originating ectopic spontaneous activity.
High-fat/high-cholesterol diet promotes a S1P receptor-mediated antiapoptotic activity for VLDL.

Withdrawing growth factors or serum from endothelial cells leads to the activation of effector caspases 3 and 7, resulting in apoptotic cell death. HDL protects against caspase induction through sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. This anti-caspase activity of HDL is antagonized by VLDL from apolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) (genotype, APOE4/4; apolipoprotein, apoE) targeted replacement (TR) mice, but not by VLDL from TR APOE3/3 mice, and requires the binding of apoE4-VLDL to an LDL receptor family member. In the absence of HDL, apoE4-VLDL and apoE3-VLDL from TR mice have limited antiapoptotic activity. In contrast, we show here that a high-fat/high-cholesterol/cholate diet (HFD) radically alters this biological activity of VLDL. On HFD, both apoE3-VLDL and apoE4-VLDL (HFD VLDL) inhibit caspase 3/7 activation initiated by serum withdrawal. This activity of HFD VLDL is independent of an LDL receptor family member but requires the activation of S1P3 receptors, as shown by the ability of pharmacological block of S1P receptors by VPC 23019 and by small interfering RNA-mediated downregulation of S1P3 receptors to inhibit HFD VLDL anticaspase activity.
The “lost” passages of permanence and change

Students of Kenneth Burke's writing should be aware that the editions of Permanence and Change in print are significantly different from the original version published in 1935. This article identifies the most important changes and reproduces certain passages from the original edition concerning communism and capitalism that were cut from all subsequent editions. The various syntactic changes, alterations in word choice, and deletions and the addition of introductory and concluding discussions have transformed PC from a timely socialist treatise into a more timeless theoretical text. The “lost” passages, viewed as part of their original context, are an indispensable part of a complete history of Burkean thought and praxis.
Role of aluminium in the silicate network: In situ, high-temperature study of glasses and melts on the join SiO2-NaAlO2

Abstract The structure of glasses and melts in the NaAlSiO2-SiO2 system was determined in situ as a function of temperature by Raman spectroscopy, in the temperature range of 300 K–1800 K. The high-frequency envelope of the Raman spectra of Al-free SiO2 glass is deconvoluted in three different bands (1050, 1150, and 1200 cm−1) with the 1150 and 1200 cm−1 bands attributed to Si-O0 stretch vibrations in Q4 species in the fully polymerized network. There is a decrease in their frequencies with increasing Al/(Al + Si) of the glasses and melts in the Al/(A1 + Si) range investigated (0–0.5). The spectra are consistent with Al3+Si4+ substitution in two coexisting, three-dimensionally interconnected structural units. These units have different average intertetrahedral angles. Aluminum partitions preferentially into the unit with the smaller angle at low Al/(Al + Si) (less than ~0.3), and into the unit with the larger angle at higher concentrations. There is no evidence for major structural changes (i.e., redistribution of Al) in the glasses and melts as a function of increasing temperature.
338 PERFUSION STUPIES OF THE HUMAN PLACENT

The human placenta has long been recognized as an organ of hormogenesis. Various in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have demonstrated the biosynthesis of hormones by the placenta, e.g., HCG, HPL, estrogen, progesterone, releasing hormones, endorphins, etc. Most of these studies were done either on animal models or by perfusion of single cotyledon of a placenta. In this study, whole term placentas were perfused immediately after delivery with packed red cells suspended in Hank's solution using the apparatus designed by Krantz and Panos. The pH, pO2, PCO2, glucose utilization and lactic acid production were monitored at regular intervals throughout the study period to establish the prevailing physiologic conditions. The glucose utilization and lactic acid production increased significantly during the course of perfusion indicating the viability of the placenta (fig.1) During the experiment pH, PO2, PCO2 were maintained within physiological limits by disc oxygenator. This model of perfusion of whole placenta appears to be useful for studying the regulation of hormone synthesis & metabolism of drugs by the placenta.
Hemodialysis vascular access options in pediatrics: considerations for patients and practitioners.

Recent data indicate that the incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in pediatric patients (age 0–19 years) has increased over the past two decades. Similarly, the prevalence of ESRD has increased threefold over the same period. Hemodialysis (HD) continues to be the most frequently utilized modality for renal replacement therapy in incident pediatric ESRD patients. The number of children on HD exceeded the sum total of those on peritoneal dialysis and those undergoing pre-emptive renal transplantation. Choosing the best vascular access option for pediatric HD patients remains challenging. Despite a national initiative for fistula first in the adult hemodialysis population, the pediatric nephrology community in the United States of America utilizes central venous catheters as the primary dialysis access for most patients. Vascular access management requires proper advance planning to assure that the best permanent access is placed, seamless communication involving a multidisciplinary team of nephrologists, nurses, surgeons, and interventional radiologists, and ongoing monitoring to ensure a long life of use. It is imperative that practitioners have a long-term vision to decrease morbidity in this unique patient population. This article reviews the various types of pediatric vascular accesses used worldwide and the benefits and disadvantages of these various forms of access.
Physiological aspects of surface-immobilized Catharanthus roseus cells

Growth and alkaloid production of surface-immobilized C. roseus cells were studied in a 2-1 bioreactor. Media designed to maximize cell growth or alkaloid production were employed. Nitrate and carbohydrate consumption rates as well as growth rates and biomass yields of immobilized cultures were equal or somewhat lower than for cell suspension cultures. Respiration rate (O2 consumption and CO2 production rates) of immobilized C. roseus cell cultures was obtained by on-line analysis of inlet and outlet gas composition using a mass spectrometer. Respiration rate increased during the growth phase and decreased once the nitrogen or the carbon source was depleted from the medium. The respiration rate of immobilized C. roseus cells resembled rates reported in the literature for suspension cultures.
OSAC Analysis Of The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) Telescope

An investigation is made of the sensitivity of the image quality for the proposed FUSE telescope to mirror misalignments and a wide spatial frequency range of figure errors. Representative figure error data was obtained for the analysis from measurements made on the SEUTS (Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope Spectrograph) telescope mirrors. The tolerancing analysis was carried out with the aid of the Optical Surface Analysis Code (OSAC) program.
Relief of Iliofemoral Vein Occlusion with the Palma Bypass in a Patient with Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome

Klippel Trenaunay syndrome is usually managed conservatively with surgery reserved for patients with symptomatic but mild cosmetic deformity or persistent venous hypertension despite nonoperative measures. Deep venous reconstruction is necessary in a small group of patients who present with significant chronic venous insufficiency due to hypoplastic, absent, or occluded deep venous outflow. Most often, venous outflow occlusion results from inadequate or surgically removed superficial collateral veins or from complications of endovascular procedures. In this article, we review the English-language literature and the Mayo Clinic experience, and report on a patient with Klippel Trenaunay syndrome who developed symptomatic iliofemoral venous occlusion following iliac vein stenting, which was successfully treated with a crossover saphenofemoral vein (Palma) bypass.
Disposition of propargyl alcohol in rat and mouse after intravenous, oral, dermal and inhalation exposure.

1. The disposition of propargyl alcohol (PAL) radiolabelled with carbon-14 ([2,3- 14C]PAL) was determined in the F344 rat and B6C3F1 mouse following intravenous (i.v.), oral, inhalation and dermal exposure. 2. By 72 h following an i.v. (1 mg kg -1) or oral (50 mg kg-1) dose, 76-90% of the dose was excreted. Major routes of excretion by rat were urine (50-62%), CO2 (19-26%) and faeces (6-14%). Major routes of excretion by mouse were urine (30-40%), CO2 (22-26%) and faeces (10-20%). Less than 6% of the dose remained in tissues at 72 h. Biliary excretion of radioactivity by rat (62% in 4 h) was much greater than elimination in faeces (6% in 72 h), indicating that PAL metabolites underwent extensive enterohepatic recycling. 3. Dermal exposure studies demonstrated that dermal absorption of PAL was minimal due to its inherent volatility. 4. In the inhalation studies (1, 10 or 100 ppm for 6 h), 23-68% of the radioactivity to which animals were exposed was absorbed. The primary route of excretion was urine (23- 5...
Fluxes of energy, water, and carbon dioxide from mountain ecosystems at Niwot Ridge, Colorado

Background: The eddy covariance (EC) technique provides a direct measure of water vapour and carbon dioxide fluxes between ecosystems and the atmosphere.Aims: This review article highlights the findings of various studies that have integrated EC observations into basic meteorological, hydrological and ecological research questions in two ecosystems near Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and synthesises these studies into a catchment-scale model of water and carbon cycling, within the context of regional disturbance and environmental change.Methods: EC was implemented continuously over subalpine forest and alpine tundra vegetation at Niwot Ridge, and resulting data were compared with discrete measurements and modelling studies.Results: Sensible heat fluxes were generally in excess of latent heat fluxes, indicating that the forest and tundra ecosystems were moisture limited. Snow cover regulated the annual sum of primary productivity in the forest, and beneath-snow respiration represented a significant portion of ecos...
Safety and feasiblity of CT-guided fiducial marker placement for pancreatic head adenocarcinoma utilizing an anterior approach

Purpose To demonstrate the safety and feasibility of an anterior approach for percutaneous fiducial marker placement for stereotactic beam radiation therapy of pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods Five patients (age range, 53-70 years; mean age, 59 y) with borderline resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were enrolled for a phase II clinical trial (WCI-1998-11), which includes a combination of 5-Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Irinotecan (FOLFIRINOX) chemotherapy regiment, followed by stereotactic beam radiation therapy (SBRT), and then surgical resection with a Whipple procedure. For guidance of SBRT, we placed 1.2cm x 3mm soft tissue gold markers through a 17-gauge ETW x 20 cm needle in an orthogonal plane within 1-2 cm surrounding these tumors prior to SBRT under CT guidance. The route of placement of the fiducial markers was an anterior approach through several of the organs residing anterior to the pancreas, such as the stomach and liver. Technical success was assessed when post CT placement demonstrated all fiducial markers surrounding the mass resided 1-2 cm around the tumor in an orthogonal configuration without evidence of migration, as well as deemed appropriate for guidance of SBRT by Radiation Oncology. Patients were followed clinically and with labs, as well as imaging for post procedural complications. Results Percutaneous Fiducial Marker placement was technically successful in all 5 patients (100.0%). All patients tolerated the procedure well, without clinical or imaging evidence for post procedural complications, despite numerous transhepatic and transgastric approaches. Additionally, there were no evidence for migration of these markers and three of the five patients have been successfully treated with SBRT, which resulted in decrease of tumor size, allowing these patients to receive surgical resection Conclusion Percutaneous fiducial marker placement surrounding pancreatic head adenocarcinomas was deemed safe and feasible from an anterior approach, despite traversing through the liver and/or the stomach to obtain appropriate placement.