cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis on growing development and nutritional status among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area in 2011

[Objective]To understand the growing development and nutritional status among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area,provide scientific evidence for making the policies of school health care.[Methods]38482 primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area were collected,and their health examination data in 2011 were analyzed by the height and weight percentile evaluation form and the weight standard stature method.[Results]In the height and weight curves of primary and middle school students in Tongling City,there appeared twice cross of height between boys and girls at the ages of 10 and 17 years old,and twice cross of weight at the ages of 15and 17 years old.The sharpest increase in height of boys was at the age of 11 years old,while that of girls was at the age of 10 years old.The prevalence rate of malnutrition,overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area was 19.4%,11.1% and 12.2%,respectively.The prevalence rate of malnutrition in senior high school students was higher than that in primary and junior high school students,while that in girls was higher than that in boys,and the differences were statistically significant( P 0.05).The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in junior high school students was higher than those in primary and senior high school students,while those in girls was lower than those in boys,and the differences were statistically significant( P 0.05).[Conclusion]The growing development among primary and middle school students in Tongling urban area is in accordance with the general law.The malnutrition and overnutrition exist at the same time,but the overnutrition is more serious.It is necessary to carry out effective measures,to improve the nutritional status and control the incidence rate of obesity.The malnutrition prevention measures should be applied in the junior high school,especially female students.However,the obesity prevention should focus on the senior high school,especially male students.
Discussion about roof control technology development of China in future

The theory and practice of roof control has received wide attention since 1940s. Much of scientific research has been done. Obvious progress has been made and the number of roof accident and casualty has decreased greatly. Aiming at the new characteristics of coal mining technology, this paper discussed the application condition and range of 3 roof controlling technologies, caving, filling and pillar included.
Left Sided Mc Connells Sign: A Classic Finding in a Rare Condition

A 32 year old lady with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE ) complicated by crescentic lupus nephritis and end stage renal failure on thrice weekly haemodialysis, presented to the emergency department with breathlessness, chest pain and haemoptysis, stating that her symptoms had started roughly 24 hours earlier. She appeared anxious and in distress. BP was 160/105 mmHg, heart rate 105/min and there was evidence of bilateral rales and a gallop rhythm. She was afebrile but only 94% saturating on high flow oxygen.
Dielectric Spectroscopic Sensor for Particle Contaminant Detection in Hydraulic Fluids

A practical contaminant sensor was developed that used dielectric spectroscopy to estimate levels of particles in hydraulic fluids. This dielectric sensor was designed for installation on off-highw...
Femoral anteversion in children with cerebral palsy. Assessment with two and three-dimensional computed tomography scans.

Background Assessment of femoral anteversion in children with cerebral palsy with two or three-dimensional computed tomography scans may be limited by both positional and anatomic variables. Three-dimensional computed tomography techniques are considered to be more accurate than two-dimensional imaging when the femur is not optimally positioned in the gantry or when the neck-shaft angle is increased. Methods Computed tomography scanning was performed on a series of nine model femora with anteversion ranging from 20 degrees to 60 degrees and neck-shaft angles ranging from 120 degrees to 160 degrees. Each femoral model was scanned in two holding devices, the first of which held the femur in optimal alignment (normal model) and the second of which held the femur in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation (cerebral palsy model) relative to the gantry. Femoral anteversion was calculated for each model from two and three-dimensional computed tomography scans by four examiners on two separate occasions. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability, the accuracy, and the effect of increasing the neck-shaft angle on the accuracy of the measurements made on the two and three-dimensional scans of the normal and cerebral palsy models were then examined. Results The mean differences in the measurements of femoral anteversion made by the same examiner (intraobserver reliability) were 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions When adequate alignment of the femur in the computed tomography scanner was possible, a simple two-dimensional technique exhibited excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability and clinically acceptable accuracy within the relevant ranges of anatomic variability tested (neck-shaft angles of 120 degrees to 160 degrees and femoral anteversion of 20 degrees to 60 degrees). When optimal alignment of the femur in the scanner was not possible, neither two-dimensional nor three-dimensional techniques exhibited clinically acceptable accuracy for the measurement of femoral anteversion.
Energy savings potential from improved building controls for the US commercial building sector

The US Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored a study to determine the national savings achievable in the commercial buildings through widespread deployment of controls, elimination of faults, and use of better sensing. The study estimated savings from 34 measures in 9 building types and across 16 climates. These buildings are responsible for almost 57% of the US commercial building sector energy consumption. In addition to the individual measures, three packages of measures were created to estimate savings: (1) efficient building, (2) typical building, and (3) inefficient building. The results showed significant potential for energy savings across all building types and climates. The total site potential savings by building type aggregated across all climates for each measure varied between 0 and 16%. The total site potential savings aggregated across all building types and climates for each measure varied between 0 and 11%. The national potential site energy savings across all building types studied is 29%. Across all building types, the savings represent approximately 1393 PJ (1.32 quads) of site energy savings or 2912 PJ (2.76 quads) of primary (or source) energy savings. Extrapolating the results for other building types not analyzed as part of this study, the primary energy savings could be in the range of 4220 to 5275 PJ. For comparison, the total US primary energy consumption across all sectors of energy use was 102,762 PJ (97.4 quads) in 2015. This makes commercial building control improvements strategically important to sustained reductions in national energy consumption. To realize most of this potential savings, many gaps can be addressed through research development and deployment (RD&D), as recommended in this paper.
AKT inhibitor GSK690693: Preliminary results from the first time in human study

LB-68 The AKT signaling pathway is known to be important in the development and progression of cancer. GSK690693 is a potent, low nanomolar pan-AKT kinase inhibitor that exhibits anti-proliferative activity in vitro and in vivo and causes induction of apoptosis in vitro. An intravenous formulation of GSK690693 is currently in Phase I in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma. Dose escalation using a 3+3 design is proceeding to maximum tolerated dose in patients who are receiving an unrestricted diet. A total of 14 patients have been enrolled to date. GSK690693 has been well tolerated at weekly doses of 25, 50, 75, and 115 mg IV with patients remaining on study from four to at least 30 weeks. Measures of exposure (Cmax and AUC) have increased as dose increases. Pharmacodynamic evaluation includes glucose and an ELISA-based assay of AKT pathway proteins from pre- and multiple post-dose samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results indicate a drug-related effect measurable at 50 mg and higher that is maximum during early post-dose time points and diminishes over a 24-hour period. Two patients (one at 50 mg and one at 75 mg) have shown transient, drug-related increases in blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dL, an effect consistent with pre-clinical observations and the role of the AKT pathway in glucose homeostasis. A preclinical study indicates that diet changes such as low carbohydrate content may ameliorate the hyperglycemic effect of GSK690693. Therefore, after identifying an MTD with an unrestricted diet, dose escalation will continue with patients receiving a low carbohydrate diet. Results from this on-going clinical study (AKT106757) are consistent with pre-clinical data, indicate predictable pharmacokinetics, and demonstrate biologic effect on the target in surrogate tissue with a compound that is well-tolerated to date.
Adiabatic Quantum Computation Applied to Deep Learning Networks

Training deep learning networks is a difficult task due to computational complexity, and this is traditionally handled by simplifying network topology to enable parallel computation on graphical processing units (GPUs). However, the emergence of quantum devices allows reconsideration of complex topologies. We illustrate a particular network topology that can be trained to classify MNIST data (an image dataset of handwritten digits) and neutrino detection data using a restricted form of adiabatic quantum computation known as quantum annealing performed by a D-Wave processor. We provide a brief description of the hardware and how it solves Ising models, how we translate our data into the corresponding Ising models, and how we use available expanded topology options to explore potential performance improvements. Although we focus on the application of quantum annealing in this article, the work discussed here is just one of three approaches we explored as part of a larger project that considers alternative means for training deep learning networks. The other approaches involve using a high performance computing (HPC) environment to automatically find network topologies with good performance and using neuromorphic computing to find a low-power solution for training deep learning networks. Our results show that our quantum approach can find good network parameters in a reasonable time despite increased network topology complexity; that HPC can find good parameters for traditional, simplified network topologies; and that neuromorphic computers can use low power memristive hardware to represent complex topologies and parameters derived from other architecture choices.
HABITAT AREA, COLONIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT OF EPIBENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

ABSTRACT Experiments demonstrate significant variations in recruitment rates, faunal composition and diversity of artificial cryptic reef communities as a function of substratum area. Substrata smaller than about 200 square cms are potentially important refuges from spatial competition for cryptic reef organisms. Habitat selection, apparently related to differences in water movements around small and large substrata, is interpreted as a mechanism for location of refuges from spatial competition. Environmental or regional comparisons of fouling studies based upon data from different-sized substrata are subject to serious misinterpretation.
Self-enhancement and individual competitiveness as mediators in the materialism/consumer satisfaction relationship

Abstract Researchers have examined materialism and consumer satisfaction for several decades. The relationship between the two variables has continued to get increasingly complex as material goods become more abundant. The purpose of this research is to better understand the relationship between materialism and satisfaction by looking at its relationship to two institutional forces: values and competitiveness. Specifically, the relationship between materialism, self-enhancement values, individual competitiveness, and consumer satisfaction is examined. The results indicate that the relationship is more complex than previously assumed. Specifically, the findings show that the direct relationship between materialism and satisfaction is negative. However, in addition to a negative direct effect, self-enhancement values and individual competitiveness serially mediate the relationship between materialism and consumer satisfaction, where each variable connection is positive. As such, this research helps explain inconsistencies in prior materialism and satisfaction research.
A cadaveric model for measuring sinonasal continuous positive airway pressure-a proof-of-concept study.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea is a common respiratory disorder that can have negative effects on health and quality of life. Positive pressure therapy (CPAP) is the primary treatment. There is a lack of consensus on the risk of postoperative CPAP after endoscopic sinus or skull base surgery. We present a proof-of-concept cadaver model for measuring sinonasal pressure delivered by CPAP. Methods Three fresh cadaver heads were prepared by removing the calvaria and brain. Sphenoidotomies were made and sellar bone was removed. Pressure sensors were placed in the midnasal cavity, sphenoid sinus, and sella. CPAP was applied and the delivered pressure was recorded at increasing levels of positive pressure. Paired t tests and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze results. Results Increases in positive pressure led to increased pressure recordings for all locations. Nasal cavity pressure was, on average, 81% of delivered CPAP. Pressure was highest in the sphenoid sinus. The effect of middle turbinate medialization on intrasphenoid pressure was not statistically significant in 2 heads. Intrasellar pressure was 80% of delivered CPAP with lateralized turbinates and 84% with medialized turbinates. Pressure recordings demonstrated excellent reliability for all locations. All heads developed non-sellar-based cranial base leaks at higher pressures. Cribriform region leaks were successfully sealed with DuraSeal®. Conclusion Our proof-of-concept cadaver model represents a novel approach to measure pressures delivered to the nasal cavity and anterior skull base by CPAP. With further study, it may have broader clinical application to guide the safe postoperative use of CPAP in this population.
Applications of Network Science and Systems Thinking

As our last collection of cases, Chap. 9 includes brief demonstrations of how network science may be utilized to explore elements of a system’s resilience. Through the modeling of systems as a series of interconnected nodes and linkages, network science provides a more quantitative assessment that many stakeholders in transportation systems, cybersecurity, or epidemiology would require to assist with decision-making. As with Chap. 8, each case includes a brief introduction of the case and the potential role for resilience, and includes a notation of how a network science approach might be constructed for cases ranging from transportation systems to epidemiological modeling.
General Mindfulness Differentially Predicted by Male and Female Exercisers’ Perceptions of Motivational Climate and Goal Orientations

Extending upon Iwasaki and Fry’s (2016) study, the connections between mindfulness, goal orientations, and motivational climate perceptions were examined among exercisers. Participants (N = 324, 62...
High-performance silicon-carbon anode material via aerosol spray drying and magnesiothermic reduction

Abstract We report a high-performance silicon-carbon (Si-C) composite anode material for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries via a scalable production route. Porous silica particles as the precursor of Si is obtained from aerosol spray drying of the commercial silica suspension in water. The silica particles are reduced to porous Si via magnesiothermic reduction followed by carbon coating from chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The kinetics of magnesiothermic reduction of silica is systematically studied thus the conversion and the microstructural properties of obtained porous Si can be precisely optimized. The Si-C composite demonstrates excellent specific capacity of 1835 mAh g−1 and outstanding cycle stability. When used as an additive to the graphite anode, the thick electrodes with total areal loading of 4.0 mg cm−2 containing 20 wt% Si-C and 70 wt% graphite achieve remarkable performance: 850 mAh g−1 overall specific capacity and 3.4 mAh cm−2 areal capacity as well as 92% capacity retention after 200 cycles. Full cells composed of commercial lithium iron phosphate cathode and the Si-C-graphite anode under lean electrolyte condition also demonstrate excellent performance.
Barkhausen noise in the random field Ising magnet Nd 2 Fe 14 B

With sintered needles aligned and a magnetic field applied transverse to its easy axis, the rare-earth ferromagnet Nd_2Fe_(14)B becomes a room-temperature realization of the random field Ising model. The transverse field tunes the pinning potential of the magnetic domains in a continuous fashion. We study the magnetic domain reversal and avalanche dynamics between liquid helium and room temperatures at a series of transverse fields using a Barkhausen noise technique. The avalanche size and energy distributions follow power-law behavior with a cutoff dependent on the pinning strength dialed in by the transverse field, consistent with theoretical predictions for Barkhausen avalanches in disordered materials. A scaling analysis reveals two regimes of behavior: one at low temperature and high transverse field, where the dynamics are governed by the randomness, and the second at high temperature and low transverse field, where thermal fluctuations dominate the dynamics.
Z.10–11, Does Form Have Matter as Part of It?

Using aporia about form, Z.10–11 asks whether form has matter as part of it. Z.10 argues that it contains neither remote nor proximate matter. Z.11 raises two considerations that could imply that form has matter as part of it. However, they don’t imply that form has remote matter as part of it, and one can at least argue that form doesn’t have proximate matter fully specified as part of it. Z.11 then takes the essence of an individual or universal matter-form composite to be the form in it. It also recognizes particular forms. When understood in certain ways, they too should be regarded as candidates for basic constituents. Finally, the chapter explains why Z.12 can be set aside when trying to understand Z.
Camphorane as a Renewable Diesel Blendstock Producedby Cyclodimerization of Myrcene

Camphorene was synthesized by the thermal Diels–Alder cyclodimerization of myrcene and subsequently hydrogenated to produce camphorane. On the basis of common fuel metrics (density, lower heating v...
Facile construction of novel BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 heterojunction composites with enhanced photocatalytic performance

Abstract A family of novel heterostructured 2D/2D BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 photocatalysts were fabricated through a facile in situ chemical deposition-precipitation method, characterized using a suite of solid characterization tools, and examined for the degradation of multiple representative waterborne pollutants. The BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 composites significantly accelerated the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol under simulated sunlight irradiation, and the 100%-BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 increased the degradation rate of 4-chlorophenol by 3.2 and 4.1 times in comparison with pristine BiOBr and Bi12O17Cl2, respectively. Additionally, the BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 composites displayed superior performance for the degradation of methyl orange and tetracycline under visible light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BiOBr/Bi12O17Cl2 composites is likely attributed to the synergistic effects between BiOBr and Bi12O17Cl2, such as increased surface area, improved light harvesting ability, and most importantly, enhanced separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers because of the formation of heterojunctional interfaces between BiOBr and Bi12O17Cl2. Trapping experiments revealed that superoxide anions and holes were the main reactive species responsible for the degradation of waterborne pollutants. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on the observed experimental results. The present work provides insights into design and application of novel, highly efficient and stable bismuth-based photocatalysts for water treatment and purification.
Real-time high-fidelity reliability updating with equality information using adaptive Kriging

Abstract Current state-of-the-art methods for reliability updating with equality information transform this challenging problem into an inequality one by introducing an auxiliary random variable. However, the joint event of information and failure in the derived conditional probabilities is typically very rare, and therefore, very challenging to estimate. Moreover, updating the reliability as new information arrives requires reevaluation of the probability of the joint event, which involves large numbers of calls to performance functions. We address these limitations by proposing a new approach to reliability updating called RUAK. One of the important contributions is the decomposition of the rare joint event of the failure and observed information into two events both with relatively high probabilities. Moreover, an adaptive Kriging-based reliability analysis method is proposed for the estimation of the prior failure probability and the conditional probability of information. This way, reliability updating for new information is conducted using the efficient Kriging meta-model, which significantly enhances the computational efficiency. Results for four examples indicate that the computational demand using RUAK is decreased by two orders of magnitude compared to the state-of-the-art methods, while achieving higher accuracy. This approach facilitates real-time reliability updating for various applications such as health monitoring and warning systems.
Severe Maternal Morbidity Among a Cohort of Post-9/11 Women Veterans

Background: Maternal morbidity and mortality are key indicators of women's health status and quality of care. Maternal morbidity and mortality are high and rising in the United States. There has been no evaluation of severe maternal morbidity and mortality among veteran women, although population characteristics suggest that they may be at risk. This study aimed to evaluate a surveillance methodology at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and describe the characteristics of women veterans who experienced severe maternal morbidity events. Materials and Methods: The study sample derived from a national sample of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn veterans who were enrolled for care at the VA. The surveillance methodology followed a recommended process of case identification and chart review following a standardized guide. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) International Classification of Diseases codes for maternal morbidity were applied to billing, inpatient, and outpatient data for 9,829 pregnancies among 91,061 veteran women between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016. Descriptive statistics is reported. Results: One hundred twenty-seven pregnancies with severe maternal morbidity events were identified, 66 of which were confirmed after chart review. The positive predictive value of CDC indicators to identify cases was 0.52. High rates of mental health problems, obesity, rurality, maternal conditions, and racial discrepancies were noted among veterans who experienced severe maternal morbidity events. Conclusions: Severe maternal morbidity affects a significant number of veteran women. Systematic reporting of pregnancy outcomes and a multidisciplinary review committee would improve surveillance and case management at the VA. The VA is uniquely positioned to develop innovative comanagement strategies, especially in the area of perinatal mental health.
Is Commitment to One’s Profession Always a Good Thing? Exploring the Moderating Role of Occupational Commitment in the Association Between Work Events and Occupational Health:

Using a 12-week experience sampling design, this study examined the interaction between negative and positive events in predicting work engagement and burnout in a sample of nurses. Additionally, t...
Understanding and mitigating bridge defects in block copolymer directed self-assembly through computational materials design and optimization

Block copolymers (BCPs) are appealing materials to the lithography community because of their potential to extend Moore's Law beyond the 10nm node. Not only do BCPs have the ability to microphase separate into structures such as cylinders and lamellae at single-nm length scales, but device fabricators also have control over the alignment of these structures by manipulating the energy landscape of the substrate via directed self- assembly (DSA). Despite the promise that BCPs show in offering an economical enhancement to optical lithography, the levels of defectivity in BCP-patterned devices are still above the desired levels for industrial- scale implementation. A troublesome defect mode that has been observed in experimental BCP structures is the bridge defect. Previous simulation studies by Henderson and coworkers have shown that affinity defects in chemoepitaxial underlayers have the potential to spawn bridge defects in the overlying BCP film. An important consideration in characterizing bridge defectivity is to evaluate and determine which BCP material properties are capable of inhibiting bridge propagation through a BCP film aligned atop an underlayer containing an affinity defect. In this work, coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were used to model BCPs with various energetic and structural properties to identify which properties impact bridge propagation. Although there was minimal correlation between BCP properties and bridge propagation, a kinetic survey showed that bridge defects generally reached their maximum thickness within the first 100ns of thermal annealing. As the BCP began undergoing long-range alignment, the bridges slowly healed before reaching an equilibrium thickness of roughly one BCP chain.
Site Application: Forensic Crime Cases

Objects of the forensic investigations vary from illegally buried weapons and explosives, landmines and improvised explosive devices, drugs and weapons caches to clandestine graves of murder victims and mass genocide graves, environmental crime (illegal dumps, a spill of pollutants, food sophistication, etc.). Various techniques are available for forensic crime search teams. These techniques allow detecting a hidden object successfully. Near-surface geophysical search methods have been dominated by ground-penetrating radar but recently other techniques, such as electrical resistivity, magnetometric, time domain reflection have become more common. This chapter discusses some case history related to various research studies applied to crime forensic science. Will be examined the application of TDR to evidence food sophistication, the application of ERT to evidence the pollution related to dumps and hydrocarbons, the application of GPR, ERT and magnetic for the hidden bodies, clandestine graves and the search of hidden arms.
Lysine acetylation regulates the activity of nuclear Pif1.

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Pif1 helicase functions in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication and repair processes, preferentially unwinding RNA:DNA hybrids and resolving G-quadruplex structures. We sought to determine how the various activities of Pif1 are regulated in vivo. Here, we report lysine acetylation of nuclear Pif1 and demonstrate that it influences both Pif1's cellular roles and core biochemical activities. Using Pif1 overexpression toxicity assays, we determined that the acetyltransferase NuA4 and deacetylase Rpd3 are primarily responsible for the dynamic acetylation of nuclear Pif1. MS analysis revealed that Pif1 was modified in several domains throughout the protein's sequence on the N terminus (Lys-118 and Lys-129), helicase domain (Lys-525, Lys-639, and Lys-725), and C terminus (Lys-800). Acetylation of Pif1 exacerbated its overexpression toxicity phenotype, which was alleviated upon deletion of its N terminus. Biochemical assays demonstrated that acetylation of Pif1 stimulated its helicase, ATPase, and DNA-binding activities, whereas maintaining its substrate preferences. Limited proteolysis assays indicate that acetylation of Pif1 induces a conformational change that may account for its altered enzymatic properties. We propose that acetylation is involved in regulating of Pif1 activities, influencing a multitude of DNA transactions vital to the maintenance of genome integrity.
Parametric Design Study of a Power Electronics Package for Improving Solder Joint Reliability

The lifetime of a power electronics package is, to a large extent, determined by the reliability of its bonded interfaces under major loading conditions in an operational environment. Based on the application-level requirements of the package, bonded interface material is selected based on the results obtained from accelerated tests such as thermal cycling and power cycling. In addition to evaluating the reliability through accelerated tests, it is important to consider the impact of other component layers on the thermomechanical performance of the interface material, both from a material and geometric perspective. The co-efficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch introduced by the use of different materials within a package and its structural design plays a critical role in determining the interface material reliability. In this paper, we present the results of a parametric modeling study of a power electronics package under thermal cycling in which the materials and geometric design of the different component layers were varied with respect to a baseline design to understand their impact on the reliability of the interface material. We chose the volume-averaged strain energy density per cycle computed at the corner region of the interface material as the metric for the reliability comparisons. Our results indicate that in addition to the CTE mismatch, the stiffness of individual component layers has a major impact on reliability. Among the different baseplates that we studied, aluminum silicon-carbide baseplates offered superior reliability over their copper and aluminum counterparts. We also found that the magnitude of the impact of stiffness variation—amongst the adjacent layers—on the reliability of the solder joint is dependent on the inherent CTE mismatch between the layers.
The Editor's Problem

An editor maximizing quality relies on the qualitative recommendation of a reviewer. The reviewer may be biased to accept or reject independently of quality. Using the minimum principle, an averaging rule is found to best reduce the noise introduced by bias: under this rule, an unbiased reviewer accepts when quality is greater than the average quality selected by the editor. For distributions with heavy tails, the probability of acceptance due to bias is bounded away from zero even if almost all reviewers are unbiased. Standards adopted by the editor may be excessive relative to the social optimum. Environments with multiple reviewers, reviewer histories, detailed reviews and competition between editors do not solve the problem and may worsen it. A dynamic peer review demonstrates the inherent fragility of equilibria with informative reviews. The model applies to many settings, including grant review, evidence selection, medical testing, juries and project selection.
Suppressing Hippo signaling in the stem cell niche promotes skeletal muscle regeneration.

Lack of blood flow to the lower extremities in peripheral arterial disease causes oxygen and nutrient deprivation in ischemic skeletal muscles, leading to functional impairment. Treatment options for muscle regeneration in this scenario are lacking. Here, we selectively targeted the Hippo pathway in myofibers, which provide architectural support for muscle stem cell niches, to facilitate functional muscle recovery in ischemic extremities by promoting angiogenesis, neovascularization, and myogenesis. We knocked down the core Hippo pathway component, Salvador (SAV1), by using an adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) vector expressing a miR30-based triple short-hairpin RNA (shRNA), controlled by a muscle-specific promoter. In a mouse hindlimb-ischemia model, AAV9 SAV1 shRNA administration in ischemic muscles induced nuclear localization of the Hippo effector YAP, accelerated perfusion restoration, and increased exercise endurance. Intravascular lectin labeling of the vasculature revealed enhanced angiogenesis. Using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine to label replicating cellular DNA in vivo, we found SAV1 knockdown concurrently increased paired box transcription factor Pax7+ muscle satellite cell and CD31+ endothelial cell proliferation in ischemic muscles. To further study Hippo suppression in skeletal muscle regeneration, we used a cardiotoxin-induced muscle damage model in adult (12-15 weeks old) and aged mice (26-month old). Two weeks after delivery of AAV9 SAV1 shRNA into injured muscles, the distribution of regenerative myofibers shifted toward a larger cross-sectional area and increased capillary density compared with mice receiving AAV9 control. Together, these findings suggest our approach may have clinical promise in regenerative therapy for leg ischemia and muscle injury.
Solid cooking fuel use and cognitive decline among older Mexican adults.

Studies of air pollution and cognition often rely on measures from outdoor environments. Many individuals in low- and middle-income countries are exposed to indoor air pollution from combustion of solid cooking fuels. Little is known about how solid cooking fuel use affects cognitive decline over time. This study uses data from the 2012, 2015, and 2018 Mexican Health and Aging Study (n = 14 245, age 50+) to assess how use of wood or coal for cooking fuel affects cognition of older adults relative to use of gas. It uses latent change score modeling to determine how using solid cooking fuel affected performance in Verbal Learning, Verbal Recall, Visual Scanning, and Verbal Fluency. Solid cooking fuel was used by 17% of the full sample but was more common in rural areas. Solid fuel users also had lower socioeconomic status. Compared to those using gas, solid fuel users had lower baseline scores and faster decline in Verbal Learning (β = -0.18, p < 0.05), Visual Scanning (β = -1.00, p < 0.001), and Verbal Fluency (β = -0.33, p < 0.001). Indoor air pollution from solid cooking fuels may represent a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. Policy should focus on facilitating access to clean cooking fuels.
Trauma Surgeon-Led and Funded Injury Prevention Program Decreases Admission for Motorcycle Crash Injuries.

Background Unhelmeted motorcyclists injured in states with lax or poorly enforced helmet safety laws are frequently seen in rural trauma centers. A trauma surgeon started a comprehensive injury prevention and research fund with outreach to a three-state trauma center catchment area promoting injury prevention at area high schools and local communities. We hypothesized that unhelmeted riders would have more severe head injuries and fatalities than helmeted riders. Methods A trauma registry review of 708 injured motorcycle riders over an 11-year period examined demographics, helmet use, and clinical outcomes of helmeted and unhelmeted riders. A full-time injury prevention coordinator collaborating with law enforcement provided electronic and mechanical simulations with discussions regarding helmet use, alcohol avoidance, and responsible motorcycle riding for area high school students. This program coincided with the second half of our 11-year study. Multiple regression analysis evaluated predictors for head injury and death. Results Unhelmeted motorcyclists suffered worse head injuries, (OR 8.8, CI 1.6-2.4, P Discussion Unhelmeted motorcyclists suffer worse head injuries and mortality rates. Physician-led outreach efforts for injury prevention may be effective. Trauma surgeons have ongoing opportunities to promote responsible motorcycle riding for schools and local communities.
Excess endoplasmic reticulum is degraded by p62-mediated selective autophagy in mammals (151.6)

Liver is the most vital and dynamic organ, and is the major site for the metabolism and detoxification of xenobiotics. The cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), which are synthesized and localized in the...
Pharmacology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Allosteric Modulators: Structural Basis and Therapeutic Potential for CNS Disorders

The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) mediate a neuromodulatory role throughout the brain for the major excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate. Seven of the eight mGlu subtypes are expressed within the CNS and are attractive targets for a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Fragile X syndrome. Allosteric modulation of these class C 7-transmembrane spanning receptors represents a novel approach to facilitate development of mGlu subtype-selective probes and therapeutics. Allosteric modulators that interact with sites topographically distinct from the endogenous ligand-binding site offer a number of advantages over their competitive counterparts. In particular for CNS therapeutics, allosteric modulators have the potential to maintain the spatial and temporal aspects of endogenous neurotransmission. The past 15 years have seen the discovery of numerous subtype-selective allosteric modulators for the majority of the mGlu family members, including positive, negative, and neutral allosteric modulators, with a number of mGlu allosteric modulators now in clinical trials.
Aging and God: Spiritual Pathways to Mental Health in Midlife and Later Years

Contents Foreword * Preface * Part I. Religion and the Mental Sciences * The History of Psychiatry and Religion * Sigmund Freud * Conflicting Approaches to Mental Health * Overlap and Complementarity * Part II. Theoretical Issues * Theories of Human Development * Fowler's Stages of Faith Development * A Theory of Religious Faith Development * Part III. Advances in Research * Depression and Medical Illness * Using Religion to Cope * Cases of Religious Coping in Action * Religious Coping and Depression * Religion and Anxiety * Part IV. Clinical Applications * Spiritual Needs of Physically Ill Elders * Meeting Psychological and Spiritual Needs * Use of Religion in Psychotherapy * V. Special Concerns in Later Life * The Nursing Home and Alzheimer's Disease * Alcoholism/Sexual Dysfunction * The Family and Bereavement Issues * Religious Conversion * VI. The Final Frontier * Hope for the Dying * Suicide in Later Life * Physician-Assisted Suicide * Final Comments * Indexes * Reference Notes Included
The pathophysiology of pure red cell aplasia: implications for therapy.

To determine the utility of marrow culture in defining the natural history and therapeutic response of pure red cell aplasia we have studied 37 patients. Patients were evaluated at the University of Washington before specific therapies (n = 21) or at the time of treatment failure in = 16). Evaluation included a medical and drug exposure history, a physical examination, a chest x-ray or computed tomography to rule out thymoma, lymphocyte immunophenotype studies, anti-nuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor determinations, marrow cytogenetics, and marrow progenitor cell cultures. Retrospective Southern analyses to detect human parvovirus B19 was performed in the 27 patients for whom sera was stored. Clinical follow-up was obtained to document therapeutic responses. Normal burst forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) growth (>30 bursts/10(5) marrow mononuclear cells [MMNC]) in culture proved an outstanding predictor of clinical response, as 27 of 29 individuals with normal frequencies of erythroid bursts in culture responded to immunomodulating therapies (sensitivity 96%, specificity 78%, predictive value 93%, P = .0001 with two-tailed chi square analysis). Overall, 28 patients responded to either immunomodulating therapies or drug withdrawal. Twenty-four patients obtained a normal hematocrit (complete response [CR] and 4 additional patients became transfusion independent (partial response). Although responding patients often required several therapies, 20 of 24 (83%) patients who obtained a CR have sustained a normal hematocrit without maintenance therapy at the time of last follow-up (median 5 years). In contrast, of 8 patients with poor in vitro BFU-E growth (<6 bursts/10(5) MMNC), 7 failed to respond to any therapy and all died (median survival time 17 months). Our data suggest that in individuals, from whom BFU-E mature appropriately in culture, immunosuppressive drugs should be used sequentially until a CR is obtained and a durable remission is the expected outcome.
Supratentorial Abnormalities in the Chiari II Malformation, III The Interhemispheric Cyst

Objective. The sonographic diagnosis of fetal myelomeningocele has improved dramatically over the past 20 years, mainly because the diagnostic focus has shifted from observation of the spinal abnormality to observation of cranial abnormalities. We describe an abnormality in the shape of the occipital horn that has received scant attention in the sonographic literature. The abnormality is a misshapen occipital horn that is “pointed” rather than rounded. This study analyzed the frequency of this observation and technical aspects that improve its visualization. Methods. From a database of obstetric sonograms, we searched for all cases in which open fetal myelomeningocele was sonographically detected. The search covered the period from 1999 to 2007. We then retrospectively reviewed the fetal intracranial findings in each case, with special attention to the contour of the occipital horn of the lateral ventricle. Results. A total of 89 fetuses were identified. The mean and median gestational ages were 22 weeks 4 days and 22 weeks 2 days, respectively. Of the 89 cases, 62 (70%) had an occipital horn with a pointed shape. This abnormality was better seen in cases judged to be well visualized and in cases in which digital video clips were available for review. The abnormality was more frequently seen in fetuses at less than 24 weeks’ gestation and in fetuses without ventriculomegaly. Finally, it was seen as commonly among fetuses with mild posterior fossa deformations as in those with more severe distortions. Conclusions. The occipital point is a common supratentorial feature of the Chiari II malformation. It is seen more commonly in fetuses at less than 24 weeks and in fetuses with normal-sized ventricles. As well, it is seen as commonly among fetuses with mild posterior fossa deformations as in those with more severe distortions. Therefore, its usefulness is enhanced as an observation in the arma
PHACT vs. Fiction

Introduction and objective: Prosthetic hip-associated cobalt toxicity (PHACT) is a rare cause of cobalt toxicity from metal-on metal (MoM) total hip prosthesis. There are few reports of PHACT and only one case report from our review that reported tremor as a presenting symptom. Case presentation: This is a report of a 44 year old male with history of hip replacement. He presented to PCP with progressive worsening of muscle weakness, fatigue and tremor of two months duration. After an extensive work up was performed and reviewing current literature, serum cobalt level was eventually performed and was found to be high. Resolution of the symptoms with concomitant decrease in serum cobalt was noted. Discussion: PHACT being a diagnosis which is rare and done by exclusion, it is important to make it a part of the differential diagnosis. As our patient also has the diagnosis of Charcot Marie Tooth, it is important to prevent anchoring heuristic bias and evaluate the patient from fresh eyes especially with a history of MoM device placement. Conclusion: The symptoms did resolve on removing the MoM device which does imply that PHACT can be regarded closer to a fact when compared to a fiction.
Heuristic path selection in OR-graphs with application to HAZMAT routing

Considers the problem of path selection for a generalized HAZMAT routing problem where there are multiple destinations and where there are multiple and nonseparable objectives. This problem may be modeled as an OR-graph where the authors assume that arc cost estimates are given but actual arc cost determination requires some computational effort. To solve this problem the authors use two related algorithms, BU* and DU*, which are guaranteed to terminate with the optimal path given an admissible heuristic set. Computational results indicate that the algorithms' graph-pruning power significantly reduces both the number of arc cost determination steps and node expansion steps. >
Influence of bromide on electrochemistry of photosynthetic reaction center films on gold electrodes

A strong influence of bromide ion was found on voltammetry of layered films of photosynthetic reaction center (RC) protein and polyions on gold electrodes. Similar, but not identical, cyclic voltammetry peaks were observed for polyion films on gold with and without RC when the buffer solutions contained bromide ion. CVs of RC films were quite different in the absence of bromide. These new findings suggest that previously published results were biased by significant background peaks involving bromide ion adsorption/desorption.
Satellite Remote Sensing of Space-Time Plankton Variability in the Bay of Bengal: Connections to Cholera Outbreaks.

Abstract Cholera bacteria exhibit strong association with coastal plankton. Characterization of space–time variability of chlorophyll, a surrogate for plankton abundance, in the northern Bay of Bengal is an essential first step to develop any methodology for predicting cholera outbreaks in the Bengal Delta region using remote sensing. This study quantifies the space–time distribution of chlorophyll, using the data from SeaWiFS, in the Bay of Bengal region using 10 years of satellite data. Variability of chlorophyll at daily scale, irrespective of spatial averaging, resembles white noise. At a monthly scale, chlorophyll shows distinct seasonality and chlorophyll values are significantly higher close to the coast than in the offshore regions. At pixel level (9 km) on monthly scale, on the other hand, chlorophyll does not exhibit much persistence in time. With increased spatial averaging, temporal persistence of chlorophyll increases and lag 1 autocorrelation stabilizes around 0.60 for 1296 km 2 or larger areal averages. In contrast to the offshore regions, spatial analyses of chlorophyll suggest that only coastal region has a stable correlation length of 100 km. Presence (absence) of correlation length in the coastal (offshore) regions indicate that the two regions may have two separate processes controlling the production of phytoplankton. This study puts a lower limit on space–time averaging of satellite measured plankton at 1296 km 2 monthly scale to establish relationships with cholera incidence in Bengal Delta.
Associations between phthalate metabolite urinary concentrations and body size measures in New York City children

Objective To examine prospectively associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and body size measures in children.