cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competition with Primary Sensory Afferents Drives Remodeling of Corticospinal Axons in Mature Spinal Motor Circuits

Injury to the mature motor system drives significant spontaneous axonal sprouting instead of axon regeneration. Knowing the circuit-level determinants of axonal sprouting is important for repairing motor circuits after injury to achieve functional rehabilitation. Competitive interactions are known to shape corticospinal tract axon outgrowth and withdrawal during development. Whether and how competition contributes to reorganization of mature spinal motor circuits is unclear. To study this question, we examined plastic changes in corticospinal axons in response to two complementary proprioceptive afferent manipulations: (1) enhancing proprioceptive afferents activity by electrical stimulation; or (2) diminishing their input by dorsal rootlet rhizotomy. Experiments were conducted in adult rats. Electrical stimulation produced proprioceptive afferent sprouting that was accompanied by significant corticospinal axon withdrawal and a decrease in corticospinal connections on cholinergic interneurons in the medial intermediate zone and C boutons on motoneurons. In contrast, dorsal rootlet rhizotomy led to a significant increase in corticospinal connections, including those on cholinergic interneurons; C bouton density increased correspondingly. Motor cortex-evoked muscle potentials showed parallel changes to those of corticospinal axons, suggesting that reciprocal corticospinal axon changes are functional. Using the two complementary models, we showed that competitive interactions between proprioceptive and corticospinal axons are an important determinant in the organization of mature corticospinal axons and spinal motor circuits. The activity- and synaptic space-dependent properties of the competition enables prediction of the remodeling of spared corticospinal connection and spinal motor circuits after injury and informs the target-specific control of corticospinal connections to promote functional recovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuroplasticity is limited in maturity, but it is promoted after injury. Axons of the major descending motor pathway for motor skills, the corticospinal tract (CST), sprout after brain or spinal cord injury. This contributes to spontaneous spinal motor circuit repair and partial motor recovery. Knowing the determinants that enhance this plasticity is critical for functional rehabilitation. Here we examine the remodeling of CST axons directed by sensory fibers. We found that the CST projection is regulated dynamically in maturity by the competitive, activity-dependent actions of sensory fibers. Knowledge of the properties of this competition enables prediction of the remodeling of CST connections and spinal circuits after injury and informs ways to engineer target-specific control of CST connections to promote recovery.
Metamorphic Petrology and Structure of the St. Joe Area, Idaho

Purpose and Scope The study of the St. Joe area was done cooperatively by the Northern Pacific Railway Company and the Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology to map the geology and to evaluate the mineral potential. The mineral evaluation was described in a private company report (1963). The geologic part of the study by the Bureau of Mines and Geology covered 2,440 km 2 . The St. Joe area is an excellent example of progressive regional metamorphism with good stratigraphic control; changes in structural development are well illustrated. This study is carried into the kyanite zone; the sillimanite zone was studied by Juras (1974). Location The St. Joe area lies in northern daho, north of the Clearwater River (Fig. 1). Most of the area drains into the St. Joe River, except for a small part on the south which drains to the Little North Fork of the Clearwater River. Altitudes range from a low of 648 m (2,140 ft) on the St. Joe River to a high of 2,330 m (7,690 ft) at Illinois Peak. Average relief is in the range of 758 to 909 m (2,500 to 3,000 ft). The valleys are mostly deep and V-shaped; minor glaciation has occurred at a few of the higher peaks.
Cardiac arrest in Antarctica--a successful outcome.

Cardiac disease is a leading cause of death on conventional cruise ships,1 and although passengers on adventure cruises to the polar regions are required to have medical screening by their primary care physician,2 cardiac events will still occur, however infrequent. We report a case of collapse due to ventricular fibrillation, successfully resuscitated and defibrillated on an adventure cruise ship in Antarctica. The patient, a 55-year-old Caucasian male, boarded a tourist ship in 2015, on an adventure cruise to the Antarctic Peninsula. On the evening …
Recent benthonic foraminiferal biofacies in the Arctic Ocean

Analysis of Recent foraminiferal distribution patterns for the Amerasian Basin and the adjacent continental shelves indicate 3 major biofacies: the Trochammina nana biofacies (17-350 m), the Cassidulina teretis biofacies (350-900 m) and the Stetsonia horvathi biofacies (below 900 m), with the T. nana and S. horvathi biofacies divided into subfacies. Water mass properties appear to play the dominant role in controlling the distribution of the biofacies. Recent benthonic foraminiferal biofacies in the Arctic Ocean
Evaluation of a Hydrological Simulation over the Huaihe River Basin Using the Coupled Land Surface and Hydrologic Model System and Its Uncertainty Analysis

The performance of the Coupled Land surface and Hydrologic Model System(CLHMS) in simulating the hydrological processes over the Huaihe River basin is evaluated using a 24-year numerical simulation of its hydrological cycle between 1980 and 2003. The CLHMS model system is driven by CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis) reanalysis data and observed precipitation and surface air temperature datasets over China. Generally, the CLHMS shows good performance in reproducing observed hydrological processes, and the model's skill is pretty higher for wet years in simulating the water balance, and in reproducing the seasonal and interannual variation of the observed streamflow over the Huaihe River basin. For dry years with less precipitation, the model discrepancies in overestimating the observed streamflow can be found in both Wangjiaba and Benbu hydrological stations. Significant differences in the model's performance are also found between the 1980 s and the 1990 s, and is largely ascribed to the differences in the model's skill for wet and dry years. The uncertainties regarding these hydrological simulation results were further examined by three sets of numerical simulations using different precipitation forcing. It's found that the streamflow simulation using CFSR precipitation forcing exhibited a larger bias than simulations using EAG(East Asia Grid data) precipitation forcing. These results demonstrate the importance of the precipitation forcing chosen for hydrological simulation. Further comparative analysis suggests that the temporal disaggregation method for precipitation forcing preserves the strong diurnal variation, and is therefore also important when conducting hydrological simulations over the Huaihe River basin.
Examining Two of Keynes’s Most Popular Statements—Wasteful Public Spending Can Be Acceptable, and, In The Long Run We Are All Dead—Yields Some Surprising Implications

Analysis shows that John Maynard Keynes likely interpreted the concept “long run” as reflecting the dimension of calendar time, rather than operational time. More importantly, Keynes was not the ad...
Concepts and misconceptions about oxygen therapy.

Among the factors to be considered when administration of oxygen is indicated are: purposes of oxygen administration; percentage of oxygen to be used; apparatus and method of administration; humidification and addition of other substances to the oxygen, as well as the patients restricted cardiac output and other cardiovascular factors. Furthermore, the effectiveness of oxygen therapy for specific disease conditions must be evaluated in relation to intermittent positive pressure breathing.
What Is “Fair” in Japan?

In Japanese poetry and folklore, the honorable samurai is often compared to a cherry blossom, destined to die after a brief but glorious blooming. A samurai was expected to sacrifice his own and his family’s life for his lord and other samurai. Honor, or “giri,” which characterizes the samurai code can be translated as “duty,” “obligation,” “justice,” or “social courtesy” (Saikaku, 1981). The following excerpt from a seventeenth-century Japanese writer illustrates the samurai’s sense of duty, obligation, and justice: One day the Lord of Itami Castle ordered one of his samurai, Shikibu, to take the lord’s son on a long journey to some distant islands. Shikibu took along his own son as well as the sixteen-year-old son of a fellow samurai. Shikibu was responsible for all three boys as well as the group of retainers who helped with the horses and supplies Rains had swollen the rivers and Shikibu, fearing the waters might be too dangerous, always made his own son cross first to test the current rather than risk the life of his lord’s or friend’s child. At one particularly dangerous crossing, Shikibu’s son reached the other bank safely, but the horse carrying his friend’s son stumbled and the boy was swept down the river and disappeared. Shikibu turned to his own son and said, “If you remain alive, I will not be able to fulfill my duty to Lord Tango and preserve my honor as a samurai. And so you yourself must die at once.” With true samurai spirit, his son dove into the dangerous waters and disappeared. (Saikaku, translated by Callahan, 1981, pp. 45–47)
A Pedagogy of Managerial Behavioural Science: a Reconsideration

This paper largely stands as a response to a cry for help. It is a cry often uttered by graduate student and incipient researcher, and not uncommonly it appears subvocally among skilled practitioners and trained scholars. The cry takes a variety of forms. It may range from the ingenuous desperation of doctoral students preparing for their ‘big exams’ in management or business administration. It may be formulated silently in the process of outlining a research proposal, and it may spring forth as a rash of pencilled notes as a consultant faces a complex engagement with a corporate client. Its essence may be stated as follows: ‘How can I know it all?’, or, perhaps with somewhat greater sophistication, ‘What must I really know?’ The answer to the former is, as reflection quickly shows: ‘No way!’. To the latter, however, one may formulate purposeful answers….Such answers, however, must transcend evasions, conscious or (more often) unaware, but embedded deeply in the scholars’ or practitioners’ manner of addressing the tasks at hand. Two positively intercorrelated styles of evasion may be identified: (a) retreat to method, and (b) retreat to neatness.
Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans via the palladium catalyzed carboalkoxylation of 2-allylphenols

A new Pd-catalyzed alkene carboalkoxylation strategy for the preparation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans is described. This method effects the coupling of readily available 2-allylphenol derivatives with aryl triflates to generate a wide range of functionalized 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans in good yields and diastereoselectivities (up to >20:1). Use of newly developed reaction conditions that promote anti-heteropalladation of the alkene is essential in order to generate products in high yield.
Failure Investigation of Hydrotest Rupture on a Natural Gas Pipeline

A land-based natural gas pipeline, API 5L Grade B pipe with an electric resistance weld (ERW), failed during hydrotesting inspection along the ERW seam, which led to further investigation. Linear indications, indicative of surface cracks, were observed on the outer diameter of the pipe below the fracture surface, made visible by fluorescent light. Using transmission electron microscopy, it was evidenced that a crack may have initiated within the martensite/austenite islands and propagated through the ferrite bands seen beneath the fracture surface in the heat-affected zone. It was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that the primary fracture mode consisted of high volume fractions of transgranular cleavage and low volume fractions of transgranular microvoid coalescence. Also evidenced in SEM, were regions of non-fracture evidence indicative of inadequate fusion within the ERW seam.
Barriers to Electronic Health Record Adoption: a Systematic Literature Review

Federal efforts and local initiatives to increase adoption and use of electronic health records (EHRs) continue, particularly since the enactment of the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act. Roughly one in four hospitals not adopted even a basic EHR system. A review of the barriers may help in understanding the factors deterring certain healthcare organizations from implementation. We wanted to assemble an updated and comprehensive list of adoption barriers of EHR systems in the United States. Authors searched CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, and accepted only articles relevant to our primary objective. Reviewers independently assessed the works highlighted by our search and selected several for review. Through multiple consensus meetings, authors tapered articles to a final selection most germane to the topic (n = 27). Each article was thoroughly examined by multiple authors in order to achieve greater validity. Authors identified 39 barriers to EHR adoption within the literature selected for the review. These barriers appeared 125 times in the literature; the most frequently mentioned barriers were regarding cost, technical concerns, technical support, and resistance to change. Despite federal and local incentives, the initial cost of adopting an EHR is a common existing barrier. The other most commonly mentioned barriers include technical support, technical concerns, and maintenance/ongoing costs. Policy makers should consider incentives that continue to reduce implementation cost, possibly aimed more directly at organizations that are known to have lower adoption rates, such as small hospitals in rural areas.
Pancreas Adenocarcinoma and Ampullary Cancer

The incidence of periampullary tumors is increasing. Pancreatic cancer estimated to become the second leading cause of cancer related deaths by 2020. Similar to many other solid organ tumors, the management of pancreatic cancer requires a multidisciplinary team approach and the sequencing of oncologic therapies has significant impact on quality of life, treatment toxicity, and survival. This chapter will review pancreatic cancer staging and provide a framework to guide discussions regarding neoadjuvant versus adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer. In addition, the management of tumors of the ampulla Vatar will be contrasted with the management of pancreatic cancer.
Evaluation of Lettuce Between Spring Water, Hydroponic, and Flow-through Aquaponic Systems

ABSTRACTLettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is an important vegetable crop that can be grown in hydroponic and aquaponic systems. A comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of a cold water flow-through aquaponic system (FTS) to a hydroponic system is lacking. Twenty-seven lettuce cultivars with green or red leaves, in seven subtypes, belonging to four popular types in the Western diet, were grown in spring water or aquaponic or hydroponic treatments. Spring and aquaponic water flowed directly from a spring and a raceway growing rainbow trout, respectively. The hydroponic treatment had nutrients added to a recirculated system. Stand establishment, average yield, and productivity (yield/week) were determined for each subtype or cultivar and compared among water treatments. No comparison among lettuce types, subtypes, or cultivars was made due to inherent differences among genotypes. Total yield and productivity (402.5 g·m−2 and 4.9 kg/tray/week, respectively) in the FTS were lower than those in the hydroponic sys...
Dorsal Scaphoid Subluxation on Sagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Marker for Scapholunate Ligament Tear

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic utility of scaphoid dorsal subluxation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a predictor of scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) tears and compare this with radiographic findings. Methods Thirty-six MRIs were retrospectively reviewed: 18 with known operative findings of complete Geissler IV SLIL tears that were surgically repaired, and 18 MRIs performed for ulnar-sided wrist pain but no SLIL tear. Dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid was measured on the sagittal MRI cut, which demonstrated the maximum subluxation. Independent samples t tests were used to compare radiographic measurements of scapholunate (SL) gap, SL angle, and capitolunate/third metacarpal-lunate angles between the SLIL tear and the control groups and to compare radiographic measurements between wrists that had dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid and wrists that did not have dorsal subluxation. Interrater reliability of subluxation measurements on lateral radiographs and on MRI were calculated using kappa coefficients. Results Thirteen of 18 wrists with complete SLIL tears had greater than 10% dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid relative to the scaphoid facet. Average subluxation in this group was 34%. Four of 18 wrists with known SLIL tears had no subluxation. No wrists without SLIL tears (control group) had dorsal subluxation. The SL angle, capitolunate/third metacarpal-lunate angle and SL gap were greater in wrists that had dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid on MRI. Interrater reliability of measurements of dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid was superior on MRI than on lateral x-ray. Conclusions An MRI demonstration of dorsal subluxation of the scaphoid, of as little as 10%, as a predictor of SLIL tear had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 100%. The high positive predictive value indicates that the presence of dorsal subluxation accurately predicts SLIL tear. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Human Hemostatic/Coagulation Mechanisms

There are hundreds if not thousands of factors that have been shown to play some role in human hemostasis. This short discussion deals only with those that can be measured or easily detected and that appear to be analogous to hemostatic mechanisms in other mammals or lower vertebrates.
Accuracy of Linking VR-12 and PROMIS Global Health Scores in Clinical Practice.

Abstract Objectives To examine the accuracy of general health cross-walk tables in a clinical sample of patients with spine disorders. Published tables (Schalet BD, Rothrock NE, Hays RD, et al. Linking physical and mental health summary scores from the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) to the PROMIS(®) Global Health Scale. J Gen Intern Med 2015;30:1524–30) link scores from the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) to the 10-Item Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS), a global health scale metric for both mental (GMH) and physical (GPH) summary scores. Methods We assessed the accuracy of administered PROMIS and VR-12 scores with scores predicted by cross-walks in 4606 adult patients seen in a spine clinic from October 2015 to 2016. Accuracy of linking scores was evaluated using Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients, and mean and SD of score differences. Bland-Altman plots were used to graphically assess the levels of agreement. The consistency in scores’ discrimination across levels of pain severity, depression, and other patient characteristics was assessed. Bootstrap methods estimated linking precision across varying sample sizes. Results Actual and cross-walked PROMIS scores showed moderate correlation (ICC(3,1): GMH 0.73; GPH 0.81), with Bland-Altman plots suggesting smaller differences between scores in patients with lower and higher general health. Significant discrimination between patient subgroups was demonstrated reliably by both actual and estimated scores. Bootstrapped resamples indicated adequate precision for 200 patients (95% confidence interval for mean difference: GMH −1.38 to 0.60; GPH 0.39 to 1.93). Conclusions VR-12 and PROMIS global health scores can be accurately linked within a sample of patients with spine disorders; nevertheless, bias is high and precision is low for linking on the patient level. Linked scores at the group level for more than 200 patients can be used in comparative effectiveness research and for comparing results across studies.
Anticipating Scientific Revolutions in Evolutionary Genetics

In day-to-day research in evolutionary genetics, it often seems as though our knowledge is bounded. We steadily perceive at least two major limitations on our capacity to understand the mechanisms and history of evolution. First, knowledge seems limited by the nature of history. It is certainly not useful to pursue a historical record that does not exist, as may be the case for many kinds of histories. Not all events, evolutionary or otherwise, leave an imprint in DNA or other media; and of the imprints that are made, none are expected to last indefinitely. Second, for the special case of evolutionary genetic histories, knowledge seems limited by the irreducible nature of DNA sequences. It does an investigator little good to try and glean more information from DNA than is available in the DNA sequence. So far as we know, every “A” base (adenine), for example, is like every other, and the information in a DNA sequence is in quanta (it is digital, base 4). These everyday perceptions of limits to inquiry may seem reasonable, and so they may provide a starting point for accessing what kinds of questions are more feasible than others. Perhaps we cannot reveal all of evolutionary history, but maybe we can understand and assess the limits to our knowledge of this history.
Glucose-evoked changes in [K+] and [Ca2+] in the intercellular spaces of the mouse islet of Langerhans.

Microelectrode studies of the glucose-evoked burst pattern of electrical activity in pancreatic β-cells have indicated that the underlying mechanism involves the cyclic activation of K-channels.4,5,9,11,32 Furthermore, it is well documented that the action potentials during the bursts result from the activation of two voltage-gated membrane channels, Ca-channels7,8,25,31,34 and K-channels.
Recent Developments in Public Use and Pretext in Eminent Domain

The Supreme Court's controversial 5-4 decision in Kelo v. City of New London renewed both public and judicial interest in the contours of the Public Use requirement of the Fifth Amendment and its counterparts in state constitutions. Courts began to take a harder look at how the government's claim that property is being condemned for a public use or purpose can be challenged by a landowner, and what degree of deference is owed by the courts to the government's assertion. This article summarizes recent developments in public use and pretext litigation.
The Use of Non-Judicial Procedures to Resolve Employment Discrimination Claims

This article discusses the use of non-judicial procedures to resolve employment discrimination claims under the different federal civil rights laws. The two major areas covered involve the use of private arbitration, based upon Supreme Court decisions permitting private employers to require their employees to agree to resolve all of their employment disputes through arbitral procedures, and the possible use of administrative procedures similar to those used by the National Labor Relations Board to resolve unfair labor practice charges. The article explores ways in which the rights of employees not represented by labor organizations could be protected in arbitral proceedings significantly structured by their employers.
Early Fracture of the Modular Femoral Neck Component in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report

A 64-year-old man who had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) with the use of a dual modular (head and neck) total hip implant presented with a mechanical failure at the neck-stem junction three years after the index surgery with a low energy mechanism. The fractured stem was then removed, and a revision stem was implanted in order to restore the ability to ambulate for the patient. We demonstrate and contribute to the growing evidence of failure of modular THA systems at the neck-stem junction.
Queer Jewish memory: André Aciman’s Call Me By Your Name

This essay brings together seminal texts evaluating Jewish memory to meet queer theory’s concern with futurity and temporality. Following a brief introduction on Yerushalmi, Hirsch, Friedlander, Am...
Right to Life: Interest-Convergence Policing

In the United States, police officers fatally shoot over a thousand people every year. Yet, those officers are seldom prosecuted for, and rarely found guilty of, unjustified use of lethal force. This Article contends that the lack of prosecutions results mainly from leading United States Supreme Court decisions that establish the criminal liability standard for police use of lethal force. It also contends that this standard discourages investigation of such incidents, which diminishes the quality of policing. Using empiricism and normative principles, this Article seeks to re-direct the doctrinal approach for assessing the legality of police use of lethal force in non-custodial situations. Through a case study, it analyzes how some police officers used lethal force in an unjustified manner and (nearly) got away with murder. It concludes that a constitutional right to life principle requires the lowering of the criminal liability standard for assessing police shootings and recommends the mandating of federal investigations of all such incidents. Finally, it proposes federal legislation regulating the investigation and prosecution of police officers' use of lethal force and provides the constitutional basis for this proposal.
“The land belonged to Nepal but the people belonged to Tibet”: Overlapping sovereignties and mobility in the Limi Valley Borderland

Recent scholarship on the lived experiences of borderlands has foregrounded and theorized the pervasiveness of anxiety, violence, and lawlessness. While useful, these do not capture all of the ways...
CYP3A5 gene expression is associated with early recurrence of non-small cell lung cancer

5551 Purpose: Recent clinical trials suggest a survival advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study’s aim is to identify genes associated with NSCLC recurrence in patients not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Experimental design: Banked NSCLC tumors of patients who underwent resection of stage Ia-IIIb disease were identified. Patients were stratified into two groups: recurrent (R, n=11) or non-recurrent (NR, n=16) at two years following surgery. Microarray profiling and Cox multivariate analysis were performed. Results: Unsupervised clustering analysis using 51 probe sets separated the R and NR tumors. The CYP3A5 gene exhibited the greatest differential expression and was increased 18.7-fold in Group R (P=0.00013). Risk of NSCLC recurrence was highly associated with the ln of CYP3A5 gene expression (hazard ratio [HR] 2.80; 95% CI 1.58, 4.95; P=0.0004) and higher CYP3A5 was associated with a shorter time to recurrence (TTR). Older age at the time of surgery was marginally associated with decreased recurrence (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.92, 1.00; P=0.033), while smoking history, race and sex were not significant. CYP3A5 was predominantly expressed in the NSCLC tumor epithelium. siRNA knock down of CYP3A5 in the A549 and H358 NSCLC lines inhibits proliferation. A potential mechanism of CYP3A5 in NSCLC progression involves CYP3A5 conversion of arachidonate to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET’s), which are mitogenic for NSCLC lines under conditions of hypoxia. Conclusion: CYP3A5 gene expression is correlated with NSCLC recurrence and synthesizes EET, which promotes NSCLC growth. While the mechanisms of CYP3A5 in NSCLC recurrence remain to be identified, they may involve, in part, its epoxygenase activity.
Almost sure local well-posedness and scattering for the 4D cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Abstract We consider the Cauchy problem for the defocusing cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation in four space dimensions and establish almost sure local well-posedness and conditional almost sure scattering for random initial data in H x s ( R 4 ) with 1 3 s 1 . The main ingredient in the proofs is the introduction of a functional framework for the study of the associated forced cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which is inspired by certain function spaces used in the study of the Schrodinger maps problem, and is based on Strichartz spaces as well as variants of local smoothing, inhomogeneous local smoothing, and maximal function spaces. Additionally, we prove an almost sure scattering result for randomized radially symmetric initial data in H x s ( R 4 ) with 1 2 s 1 .
Personal Phone Calls Lead to Decreased Rates of Missed Appointments in an Adolescent/Young Adult Practice.

Introduction Nationally, hospital practice missed appointment rates are high. Our goal was to reduce the rate of missed appointments in an Adolescent/Young Adult Practice through quality improvement methods. Methods During the 12-month intervention period, administrative staff called patients the day before their primary or specialty care appointments to remind them of the date, time, and location, as well as patients who did not attend their appointments to ask about the reason for their missed appointment. We implemented Plan-Do-Study-Act interventions and analyzed data to compare missed appointment rates between the 12 months before and after February 1, 2017, the project intervention date. Results Results showed significant reductions in the missed appointment rate for the Adolescent/Young Adult Practice. A control chart showed a shift in the mean overall percent of completed appointments from 76.7% to 79.2%. The most common reasons for missed appointments included forgetting (39.2%), conflicts with work/school (11.0%), or emailing the provider without contacting administrative staff (7.8%). There were significant reductions in missed appointment rates for both males and females as well as patients who were ≥20 years old, identified English or Spanish as their primary language, had public or private insurance, identified as Black or Hispanic, or did or did not require an interpreter. Conclusion These data show that targeted interventions such as personalized reminder calls can be effective in reducing patient missed appointment rates in Adolescent/Young Adult Practices.
Hilbert's Theorem 90 for Finite Nilpotent Groups

‎In this note we prove an analog of Hilbert's theorem 90 for finite nilpotent groups‎. ‎Our version of Hilbert's theorem 90 was inspired by the Boston--Bush--Hajir (BBH) heuristics in number theory and will be useful in extending the BBH heuristics beyond quadratic field extensions‎.
COVID-19 Era Stroke Service: Virtually Normal

To characterize my experience in the inpatient stroke service in an amusing fashion. The COVID-19 pandemic broke out during my time as a stroke fellow. It was a unique experience. A non-exhaustive review of my memories as a stroke fellow during the COVID-19 pandemic was performed. I sat down and wrote the article. Then, I illustrated the figure. All results are not statistically significant unless otherwise noted. Zoom conferences are a promising technology for stroke services. Further studies are needed to further elucidate their benefits and drawbacks.
Accountable Justifications and Peer Comparisons as Behavioral Economic Nudges to Improve Clinical Practice

Each year, tens of millions of antibiotic prescriptions in the United States are likely not warranted; they are ordered for indications (e.g., viral infections) that do not respond to these medications. Strategies to improve antibiotic stewardship are greatly needed. In a recent study, two behavioral interventions – accountable justifications and peer comparisons – successfully achieved that objective. Both strategies are based upon behavioral economics, an interdisciplinary field that utilizes insights from economics, marketing, and psychology to enhance individual decision-making. These two interventions are presented along with their potential mechanisms of action. In addition, this chapter highlights specific design considerations when implementing accountable justifications and/or peer comparisons to improve clinical practice. The timing, phrasing, and acceptability of accountable justifications are discussed. Benchmarks, frequency of feedback, modality of feedback, audience for feedback, target behaviors, and target clinicians for peer comparisons are discussed. This chapter concludes by acknowledging the empirical limitations of these promising strategies and by encouraging further evaluation of these behavioral economic interventions with regard to driving improvements in patient safety and quality improvement.
Comprehensive analysis of liver macrophage composition by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence in murine NASH.

Summary Recently, it has become evident that macrophage diversity increases in the liver during the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the analysis of liver macrophage subsets in mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and early NASH using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence (IF). These methods can be used to assess the composition and localization of macrophage subsets during NASH. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Daemen et al. (2021) .
Human parainfluenza virus type 1 regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and establishes quiescent infection in human airway cells

Human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hPIV1) and 3 (hPIV3) cause seasonal epidemics, but little is known about their interaction with human airway cells. In this study, we determined cytopathology, replication, and progeny virion release from human airway cells during long-term infection in vitro. Both viruses readily established persistent infection without causing significant cytopathic effects. However, assembly and release of hPIV1 rapidly declined in sharp contrast to hPIV3 due to impaired viral ribonucleocapsid (vRNP) trafficking and virus assembly. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both viruses induced similar levels of type I and III IFNs. However, hPIV1 induced specific ISGs stronger than hPIV3, such as MX2, which bound to hPIV1 vRNPs in infected cells. In addition, hPIV1 but not hPIV3 suppressed genes involved in lipid biogenesis and hPIV1 infection resulted in ubiquitination and degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, a rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Consequently, formation of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts was impaired in hPIV1 infected cells. These results indicate that hPIV1 is capable of regulating cholesterol biogenesis, which likely together with ISGs contributes to establishment of a quiescent infection.
Network Slicing for NOMA-Enabled Edge Computing

The 5G network presents a new horizon with tremendous opportunities for future generation wireless networks. Mobile edge computing (MEC), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and network slicing (NS) are some of the key enablers for 5G. MEC reduces the latency to a great extent for a wireless network, while NOMA gives access to more users with resource constraints. NS provides users with a better quality of service and network operators with more flexibility. In this work, we propose an NS technique enabled with NOMA for a MEC network. The proposed NS technique improves service latency for MEC users and reduces the unnecessary allocation of radio resources in NOMA. The saved resources can be leveraged to accommodate more users, thus increasing the spectral efficiency of the network. We consider different types of services based on the task completion time of users in this work. The primary focus is to optimize the total energy consumption for wireless uplink transmission for the NOMA-enabled sliced MEC network. We also propose a heuristic algorithm as an alternative to reduce the time and computational complexities of the optimization algorithm and simulate the results extensively to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Protecting Information: From Classical Error Correction to Quantum Cryptography

For many everyday transmissions, it is essential to protect digital information from noise or eavesdropping. This undergraduate introduction to error correction and cryptography is unique in devoting several chapters to quantum cryptography and quantum computing, thus providing a context in which ideas from mathematics and physics meet. By covering such topics as Shor's quantum factoring algorithm, this text informs the reader about current thinking in quantum information theory and encourages an appreciation of the connections between mathematics and science.Of particular interest are the potential impacts of quantum physics:(i) a quantum computer, if built, could crack our currently used public-key cryptosystems; and (ii) quantum cryptography promises to provide an alternative to these cryptosystems, basing its security on the laws of nature rather than on computational complexity. No prior knowledge of quantum mechanics is assumed, but students should have a basic knowledge of complex numbers, vectors, and matrices.
The church-turing thesis: consensus and opposition

Many years ago, I wrote [7]: It is truly remarkable (Godel ...speaks of a kind of miracle) that it has proved possible to give a precise mathematical characterization of the class of processes that can be carried out by purely machanical means. It is in fact the possibility of such a characterization that underlies the ubiquitous applicability of digital computers. In addition it has made it possible to prove the algorithmic unsolvability of important problems, has provided a key tool in mathematical logic, has made available an array of fundamental models in theoretical computer science, and has been the basis of a rich new branch of mathemtics. A few years later I wrote [8]: The subject ...is Alan Turing's discovery of the universal (or all-purpose) digital computer as a mathematical abstraction. ...We will try to show how this very abstract work helped to lead Turing and John von Neumann to the modern concept of the electronic computer.
Opportunities at SAMSI and NISS

Statistical and Applied Mathematical Sciences Institute (SAMSI) Deputy Director Snehalata Huzurbazar, former SAMSI graduate fellow Jessi Cisewski, SAMSI postdoctoral fellow Bailey Fosdick, and form...
A histological study of remodeling at the periosteal, haversian canal, cortical endosteal, and trabecular endosteal surfaces in human rib.

In human ribs the per cents of four kinds of bone surfaces (i.e., periosteal, haversian canal, cortical-endosteal, and trabecular-endosteal) that showed histological evidence of remodeling were measured. At each surface, (1) formative, (2) resorptive, and (3) neither form of remodeling activity was measured. The measurements were done at 350 X with the light microscope and a Zeiss integrating eyepiece II, on mineralized cross sections. The study showed that trabecular-endosteal and cortical-endosteal surfaces are approximately equivalent with respect to amount and type of remodeling activity per unit area at any given age. The periosteal surface showed little, and the haversian canal surface considerable, age dependent changes in amount of remodeling. Considerable variability existed within the age groups studied. An overall 16.8% of all surfaces showed histological evidence of bone formation, and 16.9% of bone resorption.
Assessment of Skin Barrier Function Using Transepidermal Water Loss: Effect of Age

To probe age-related changes in skin barrier function, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) rates have been measured in “young” (19–42 years) and “old” (69–85 years) subjects. TEWL was determined at ventral forearm skin sites, which had been occluded for 24 hr with polypropylene chambers. Baseline TEWL rates (J ∞, which showed no dependence on age, were measured for each subject before and after the experiment. Following removal of the occlusive chamber, TEWL was monitored continuously from t = 0.5 min until its return to the baseline (preocclusion) level, which was typically in the range of 2–7 g/m2/hr. Initial TEWL rates (mean ± SD) were found to differ significantly between young (28.6 ± 7.5 g/m2/hr; n = 26) and old (36.9 ± 10.5 g/m2/hr; n = 18) subjects (P < 0.01). Relaxation of TEWL to J ∞ was significantly slower in the aged cohort, such that the characteristic time for diffusion of water in the stratum corneum was estimated to be (mean ± SD) 176 ± 59 min for the young subjects, compared to 360 ± 76 min for the old (P < 0.001.). Thus, the initial TEWL value following removal of occlusion is significantly greater, and the excessive stratum corneum hydration produced by occlusion is dissipated more slowly, in old skin than in young. A hypothesis to explain the slower relaxation of perturbed TEWL in old skin is proposed.
An AAA+ ATPase Clamshell Targets Transposition

DNA transposition plays key roles in genome diversity, pathogenesis, and evolution. Yet, structural and mechanistic information on transposition targeting and regulation is limited. Arias-Palomo and Berger now define the decameric organization of the AAA+ ATPase IstB, unveiling key insights into its targeting and regulation of IstA transposase activity.
An automata-theoretic approach to protocol verification

There are two major approaches to protocol verification. In the first approach, the reachability analysis approach, an exhaustive global state generation and exploration is performed. In the second approach, the program proving approach, the protocol is treated as a concurrent program and program verification tools are applied. The teachability analysis approach can easily be automated, but it usually is restricted to detection of very specific errors. The program proving approach can verify satisfaction of required service specifications, but its applicability to real life protocols is limited. We describe an automata-theoretic approach for general verification of protocols by teachability analysis. In this approach, the desired properties of the protocol, such as safety, liveness, precedence, etc., are specified in temporal logic, and the protocol is described as a finite statetransition graphs. The temporal-logic specification is then compiled into a finite-state Buchi automaton that accepts all correct computations. By combining this automaton with the statetransition graph of the protocol, we can reduce correctness with respect to any semantic property specified in temporal logic to detection of fair termination.
The Photoreceptor Membrane as a Model System in the Study of Biological Signal Transduction

Abstract Much of biological signal transduction is coupled, either directly or indirectly, to seven-transmembrane helical, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs comprise a large family of related membrane proteins that respond to a variety of external stimuli such as small molecules, polypeptides, odorants, and light. The stimulant signals activate specific GPCRs, which couple to G proteins or other molecular switches to facilitate the cellular response. The dim-light photoreceptor rhodopsin, the only GPCR for which a structure is known at atomic resolution, is the prototype of the largest subfamily of GPCR genes in the human genome. Rhodopsin is expressed in rod cells in the vertebrate retina, where it is localized primarily to disk membranes, which are highly specialized intracellular organelles. The disk membranes are assembled from the plasma membrane of the rod outer segment (ROS), and subsequently their composition is remodeled to a unique, highly polyunsaturated phospholipid environment. The dense packing of the photoreceptor membranes with rhodopsin and other components required for visual phototransduction has facilitated the preparation of model systems, which have been studied by a variety of biophysical, biochemical, and molecular biological techniques. Although the disk membrane is highly specialized to detect light, its key molecular components are conserved in essentially all biological membranes in eukaryotic organisms. Yeast mating, chemotaxis, hormone signaling, and synaptic transmission all depend on highly conserved GPCR signaling pathways. Here, we review some recent results regarding the influence of membrane lipid composition on the structural organization and activity of the molecular components in GPCR signaling. We also provide a perspective toward a computational description of the underlying molecular mechanisms in biomembranes.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Self-Regulation Across Different Cultural Contexts

In recent years, children’s self-regulation has emerged as a crucial area of interest in the education of young children. In particular, with the increased academic focus of many early school envir...
Doppler correction for digital modulation in a fading channel with SISO

In a high mobility wireless channel, the Doppler effect is compounded and must be corrected by using pilot-aided symbols. The pilot symbol rate depends on the severity of the Doppler effect. There are existing algorithms such as differential decision-feedback (D-DF) and double-differential decision-feedback (DD-DF) for single-input single-output (SISO) systems to improve channel tap estimation. Such algorithms improve the bit error rate (BER) performance of pilot symbol aided decision feedback demodulation. In this paper, minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation was implemented to further improve the channel tap estimation for the D-DF and DD-DF algorithms. BER performance showed significant improvement for higher order modulation schemes. On the other hand, implementation of the new algorithm on quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) showed negligible improvement.
Beyond Weber's Law: A Second Look at Ranking Visualizations of Correlation

Models of human perception – including perceptual “laws” – can be valuable tools for deriving visualization design recommendations. However, it is important to assess the explanatory power of such models when using them to inform design. We present a secondary analysis of data previously used to rank the effectiveness of bivariate visualizations for assessing correlation (measured with Pearson's r) according to the well-known Weber-Fechner Law. Beginning with the model of Harrison et al. [1], we present a sequence of refinements including incorporation of individual differences, log transformation, censored regression, and adoption of Bayesian statistics. Our model incorporates all observations dropped from the original analysis, including data near ceilings caused by the data collection process and entire visualizations dropped due to large numbers of observations worse than chance. This model deviates from Weber's Law, but provides improved predictive accuracy and generalization. Using Bayesian credibility intervals, we derive a partial ranking that groups visualizations with similar performance, and we give precise estimates of the difference in performance between these groups. We find that compared to other visualizations, scatterplots are unique in combining low variance between individuals and high precision on both positively- and negatively-correlated data. We conclude with a discussion of the value of data sharing and replication, and share implications for modeling similar experimental data.