cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Case Of Merit Pay In A Public University Setting

This case examines the issue of merit-based pay as an incentive mechanism within a state university context. Students in a business school setting are asked to apply organizational behavior and human resource theory to a non-business setting. This case evolved from a real setting involving the usual suspects (faculty) in a business school. The actual situational process was contentious. It is noteworthy, that as academics who teach in a business institution, we often prove better at imparting the mechanics and technical aspects of theory than the application end of business. Faculty and business school institutions may find interest in this study with respect to student perspectives on the issue of merit pay in general and within a university context specifically. Students may find this case intriguing because of their connection to a university and how an exercise of this nature may take place within the backdrop of the environment with which they think they are familiar. Prospective users of the case may wish to discuss the different applicable areas of human resource management although the main thrust is in the area of compensation and the direct application of merit pay. Related issues for possible inclusion consist of job analysis, job descriptions, job specifications, performance appraisals, criterion contamination, and criterion deficiency. Side issues include minority status considerations and the concepts of procedural justice (was the process for determining merit pay fair?) and distributive justice (was the final, end result of merit pay equitable?).
MicroRNA Control of Apoptotic Programs in Cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding regulatory RNAs that are involved in diverse cellular functions, including control of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Expression of miRNAs is deregulated in most cancers and plays a significant role in all aspects of cancer development. Evasion of apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Apoptosis is a well-orchestrated, conserved, irreversible cellular mechanism that balances the effects of cell proliferation and cell death. Although the complex role of miRNAs in the regulation of cellular apoptosis is not fully understood, recent data strongly suggest that miRNAs play a key role in regulating apoptosis and downstream signaling pathways associated with it. Many of the apoptotic genes, irrespective of their proapoptotic or antiapoptotic functions, are regulated by miRNAs. Thus, the miRNAs involved in apoptotic pathways can be broadly classified as proapoptotic and antiapoptotic miRNAs. In this chapter, we discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in regulating cellular apoptosis in cancer.
Calculation of the Structure of Au Grain Boundaries Using the Embedded Atom Method

The atomic structure and vibrational mean square displacements of large angle grain boundaries in Au are calculated and compared with experiment. The calculations use the Embedded Atom Method in conjunction with energy minimization and Monte Carlo computer simulation techniques. The computed structures are in good agreement with the experimental results. For tilt boundaries it is found that asymmetric boundaries can have energies comparable to symmetric boundaries. The vibrational mean square displacements of atoms at the boundary are larger than in the bulk by roughly 50%. However, significant anisotropy and site dependence is present.
Three-dimensional joint kinematics of the upper extremity in reach movements under whole-body vibration exposure

Simulation of human reach movements is an essential component for proactive ergonomic analysis and computer-aided engineering of biomechanical models. Most studies on reach kinematics described human movements in a static environment, however the models derived from these studies cannot be applied to the analysis of human reach movements in vibratory environments such as in-vehicle operations. Earlier studies on reach performance under vibration exposure focused mainly on fingertip end-point accuracy. This study analyzes three dimensional joint kinematics of the upper extremity in reach movements performed in static and vibratory conditions. The ultimate goal is to develop an active biodynamic model capable of simulating reach movements in vibratory environments. Thirteen seated subjects performed reach movements to four target directions distributed in the right hemisphere. The results show differences and similarities in the characteristics of movement patterns of upper body segments for static and dyna...
Dose-Mortality and Stunted Growth Responses of Larvae of the Navel Orangeworm, Amyelois transitella, Infected by Chronic Stunt Virus

Chronic stunt virus (CSV) is a small, isometric RNA virus that specifically invades granular hemocytes of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). Although CSV was highly pathogenic to 1st-instar larvae in laboratory tests, 3rd-instar larvae usually acquired chronic disease that was characterized by retarded growth and a prolonged period of moribundity. The LC50 for neonatal larvae challenged with surface applications of semipurified CSV was equivalent to 42 pg of larval homogenate per mm2. The slope of the calculated dosage-mortality regression was 0.75, which was indicative of the chronic nature of the disease. The rate of mortality was directly related to viral concentration. Weights and lengths of infected larvae exposed in the 3rd instar were inversely related to viral concentration and were significantly (P 0.05) after 10 days of exposure to virus, although many infected larvae survived as long as 40 days. Mature control larvae were ca. eightfold heavier and twofold longer than diseased larvae of comparable age.
Clinical Interpretation of the Woodcock–Johnson IV Tests of Cognitive Abilities, Academic Achievement, and Oral Language

The WJ IV (Woodcock–Johnson IV) maintains continuity with previous editions of the Woodcock–Johnson, but offers a great many revisions and new features and is substantially reorganized. This chapter explains how practitioners, whether learning the new edition or using the Woodcock–Johnson for the first time, can make the best use of the WJ IV and can make sensible, useful, scientific interpretations of the test results.
A NEW METHOD CALCULATING THE POSITION OF SAND JAM IN THE FRACTURE

Sands can be jammed the fracture during the fracturing construction. If sands jam is effective, it can affect fracturing pressure. In order to exactly calculate the position of sands jam in the fracture, fracturing pressure can be analyzed. By drawing the double logarithmic curves of fracturing pressure and construction time, the data of pressure response could be obtained after sands jam happened. By their linear regression, the slope of straight-line segment could be obtained. Then, the position of sands jam in the fracture was calculated by the slope and correlative fracture parameter. It is very significant to correctly direct fracturing construction and obtain fracture with high quality.
Chord diagrams, topological quantum field theory, and the sutured Floer homology of solid tori

I will talk about recent investigations of contact elements in the sutured Floer homology of solid tori, as part of the (1 + 1)-dimensional TQFT defined by Honda-Kazez-Matic. The Z2 sutured Floer homology vector spaces in this case form a ”categorification of Pascal’s triangle”, a triangle of vector spaces, with contact elements corresponding to chord diagrams and forming distinguished subsets of order given by the Narayana numbers. Sutured Floer homology in this case reduces to the combinatorics of chord diagrams — so that this talk is actually very elementary. I will show that there are natural “creation and annihilation operators” which allow us to define a QFT-type basis consisting of contact elements; and contact elements are in bijective correspondence with comparable pairs of basis elements with respect to a certain partial order, and in a natural and explicit way. I will explain how we can use this to extend Honda’s notion of contact category to a 2-category, and possibly a 3-category.
Ancestral Encounters in Highland Madagascar: Material Signs and Traces of the Dead

Nineteenth-century highland Madagascar was a place inhabited by the dead as much as the living. Ghosts, ancestors and the possessed were important historical actors alongside local kings and queens, soldiers, traders and missionaries. This book considers the challenges that such actors pose for historical accounts of the past and for thinking about questions of presence and representation. How were the dead made present, and how were they recognized or not? In attending to these multifarious encounters of the nineteenth century, how might we reflect on the ways in which our own history-writing makes the dead present? To tackle these questions, Zoe Crossland tells an anthropological history of highland Madagascar from a perspective rooted in archaeology and Peircean semiotics, as well as in landscape study, oral history and textual sources.
Immune Response Signaling: Combinatorial and Dynamic Control.

Macrophages mount complex responses to pathogens. Although several key signaling pathways have been identified, it remains unclear how they work together to provide specificity. In a recent paper, Gottschalk et al. report that differential dose–response behaviors of the NFκB and MAPK pathways allow dose-specific gene expression programs.
Do Not Serve the Dead as You Serve the Living: The Lüshi chunqiu Treatises on Moderation in Burial

The dispute over whether burial rites should be frugal or lavish is a prominent feature of late Zhou philosophical literature. It originated with Mozi's attack on ritual and then continued unabated as the Ru and Mo schools argued the issue and hurled epithets at each other. The two Lushi chunqiu chapters “Jiesang” and “Ansi” represent the arguments in favor of moderation in the middle of the third century B.C. While the chapters clearly owe their overall position to their Mohist forebears, they nonetheless ignore or reject several arguments that are central to the Mozi. Nowhere in them do we see, for example, Mozi's urgent call for the conservation of resources. On the other hand, they embrace Ruist concepts, most prominently the innate feeling of loyalty and concern that the Mengzi claims mourners have for their deceased relatives. The Lushi chunqiu justifies its arguments by pointing to changing social realities, most notably an uncontrollable epidemic of grave robbery. Other features of style of disputation in the Lushi chunqiu can be traced to the text7s attempts to blend together harmoniously what were originally conflicting points of view. None of the sources in the debate provides much insight into ancient conceptions of death and the afterlife. The elaborate architecture and rich furnishings of tombs excavated in the last several decades are not so much a contradiction of arguments in favor of moderation as they are testimony of a system of religious belief not at all reflected in philosophical literature.
Structure-Based Scaffold Repurposing for G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Transformation of Adenosine Derivatives into 5HT2B/5HT2C Serotonin Receptor Antagonists

Adenosine derivatives developed to activate adenosine receptors (ARs) revealed micromolar activity at serotonin 5HT2B and 5HT2C receptors (5HTRs). We explored the structure–activity relationship at 5HT2Rs and modeled receptor interactions in order to optimize affinity and simultaneously reduce AR affinity. Depending on N6 substitution, small 5′-alkylamide modification maintained 5HT2BR affinity, which was enhanced upon ribose substitution with rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane (North (N)-methanocarba), e.g., N6-dicyclopropylmethyl 4′-CH2OH derivative 14 (Ki 11 nM). 5′-Methylamide 23 was 170-fold selective as antagonist for 5HT2BR vs 5HT2CR. 5′-Methyl 25 and ethyl 26 esters potently antagonized 5HT2Rs with moderate selectivity in comparison to ARs; related 6-N,N-dimethylamino analogue 30 was 5HT2R-selective. 5′ position flexibility of substitution was indicated in 5HT2BR docking. Both 5′-ester and 5′-amide derivatives displayed in vivo t1/2 of 3–4 h. Thus, we used G protein-coupled receptor modeling to repurpose ...
A non-conservatively defensive strategy for urban autonomous driving

From the driving strategy point of view, a major challenge for autonomous vehicles in urban environment is to behave defensively to potential dangers, yet to not overreact to threats with low probability. As it is overwhelming to program the action rules case-by-case, a unified planning framework under uncertainty is proposed in this paper, which achieves a non-conservatively defensive strategy (NCDS) in various kinds of scenarios for urban autonomous driving. First, uncertainties in urban scenarios are simplified to two probabilistic cases, namely passing and yielding. Two-way-stop intersection is used as an exemplar scenario to illustrate the derivation of probabilities for different intentions of others via a logistic regression model. Then a deterministic planner is designed as the baseline. Also, a safe set is defined, which considers both current and preview safety. The planning framework under uncertainty is then proposed, in which safety is guaranteed and overcautious behavior is prevented. Finally, the proposed planning framework is tested by simulation in the exemplar scenario, which demonstrates that an NCDS can be realistically achieved by employing the proposed framework.
Real-Time Monitoring of Crystal Accumulation in the High-Level Waste Glass Melters Using an Electrical Conductivity Method

During the vitrification of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in HLW melters in the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) located in Washington State, spinel crystals [Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn]2+ [Fe, Cr]23+ O4 may precipitate from glass and accumulate in the melter riser, preventing the discharge of molten glass into canisters. Therefore, an effort is being made to develop an electrical conductivity method to monitor crystal buildup in the melter riser. A vertically configured electrical conductivity (EC) probe with an alumina shaft and Pt-10%Rh-electrodes was designed and tested in standard conductivity solutions and glass melts both with and without spinel crystals. The EC probe measured conductivity in conductivity solutions within 10% of their certified values and showed a linear relationship with increased spinel layer thicknesses. Testing in silicate glass containing spinel crystals allowed for the determination of spinel conductivity as a function of temperature. The conductivities of spinel crystals of 20 to 24 S/m at 800°C were in excellent agreement with the conductivity of trevorite (NiFe2O4) crystals at 800°C reported in the literature. The conductivities of spinel crystals and measured changes in the conductivity across the accumulated layer allowed for a successful measurement of spinel crystal accumulation in simulated HLW glass. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Impact of Infant Well-Child Care Compliance and Social Risks on Emergency Department Utilization.

Deployment of medical and social services at well-child visits promotes child health. A retrospective review of the electronic health record was conducted for infants presenting for their “newborn” visit over a 2-year period at an urban, academic primary care center. Primary outcomes were time to first emergency department (ED) visit, number of ED visits (emergent or nonemergent), and number of nonemergent ED visits by 2 years of life. Records from 212 consecutive newborns were evaluated—59.9% were black/African American and 84.4% publicly insured. A total of 72.6% visited the ED by 2 years of life. Sixty percent received ≥5 well-child visits by 14 months; 25.9% reported ≥1 social risk. There were no statistically significant associations between number of completed well-child visits, or reported social risks, and ED utilization. Renewed focus on preventive care delivery and content and its effect on ED utilization, and other patient outcomes, is warranted.
Fast-Neutron Cross Sections of Elemental Bismuth

Neutron total cross sections of elemental bismuth were measured with broad resolutions from 1.2 to 4.5 MeV to accuracies of ∼1%. Neutron differential elastic scattering cross sections were measured...
The Unstable Bladder of Childhood

SUMMARY During the last four years, 100 children with symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction were systematically and comprehensively evaluated. Seventy-four children (69 per cent) had abnormalities of voiding function that were collectively labeled as the unstable bladder of childhood. Each was then classified according to one of the four symptom complexes. Proposed etiologic factors, indications for therapy, and results of treatment of these syndromes have been carefully and completely described.
Adverse Events in Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Infectious Orbital Complications of Sinusitis: 30-Day NSQIP Pediatric Outcomes:

Objective Identify predictors of adverse events for children who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for treatment of orbital complications associated with sinusitis. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis of a US national database. Setting American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP), pediatric version (2012-2015). Subjects and Methods Patients were identified with a combination of codes from the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and 2014 Current Procedural Terminology. Our primary outcome measure was adverse events, which were compared with clinical risk factors to examine for any associations. Results A total of 57 patients were included for analysis. No significant relationship was identified between 30-day postoperative adverse events and age, sex, race, body mass index, prematurity, history of asthma, steroid use (within 30 days), and preoperative white blood cell count. There was a statistically significant increase in adverse events for those patients who underwent delayed surgery ( P < .0001). No serious adverse events related to death, sepsis, nerve injury (eg, visual loss), or other organ space infections (eg, intracranial infection) were identified. After controlling for age group and race, delayed operative intervention was a significant clinical predictor of adverse events (odds ratio = 25.65; 95% CI, 3.86-170.45; P = .0008). We observed unplanned reoperation and readmission rates of 5.3% and 7%, respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic surgical drainage for infectious orbital complications of sinusitis in children appears to be safe. Serious or significant adverse events were uncommon. Areas for improvement include limiting and reducing unplanned reoperations and readmissions.
Endocrine Control of the Secretory Immune System in the Reproductive Tract of the Female

The immunology of the female reproductive tract is of fundamental importance, particularly at the level of the mucosal surfaces. The mucosa serves a dual purpose, protecting the host against infectious agents as well as providing a safe environment for the successful growth of the allogeneic conceptus.1,2 Protective mechanisms at these surfaces are of particular importance in the human, since the genital tract is essentially an open connection between the external environment and the peritoneal cavity. It is within the secretions bathing these surfaces that immunoglobulins A (IgA) and G (IgG),3,4 along with other nonspecific agents,5–7 protect against both bacterial and viral invasion. The alterations that occur in the immune system during pregnancy and the close interrelationship of the maternal host with the antigenically different conceptus, demonstrate the intricate complexity and control exerted on genital tract and systemic immune mechanisms that result in species perpetuation and maternal protection.
Radio-frequency radiation safety and health: Human electroencephalograms (EEG) and mobile-phone radiation

The neurological system is an essential integrator of biological functions in all living organisms — playing an essential role in the vital processes of highly developed animals and humans. The neurological system adapts and regulates the whole body in relation to changes in the external environment, to maintain homeostasis within physiological limits. A disturbance in the normal functioning of the neurological system could also result in changes in other body systems.
Antibakteriell wirksame Mittel

Das Arbeiten mit Bakterien in der Medizin, Industrie, im Gesundheitswesen, in der Forschung und auf anderen Gebieten erfordert sowohl Methoden der Vermehrung der erwunschten Bakterientypen (siehe Kapitel 4) als auch Verfahren, die die unerwunschten Arten entfernen, vernichten oder hemmen. Die Beseitigung der Bakterien aus einer Flussigkeit oder aus der Luft gelingt im allgemeinen durch Filtrationsverfahren: Flussigkeiten konnen bakterienfrei gemacht werden, wenn man sie durch spezielle Membranen, Glassinter, unglasierten Ton oder Papierschichten etc. passiert. Luft kann man durch Baumwolle, Membranen oder andere Materialien filtrieren. Vernichtung oder Hemmung des Wachstums erzielt man auf verschiedenen physikalischen oder chemischen Wegen mit antibakterieller Wirkung. Diese werden in den folgenden Abschnitten besprochen.
OVX1 and CEA in patients with colon carcinoma, colon polyps and benign colon disorders.

The OVX1 tumor marker promises to complement CA125 for detection of early stage ovarian carcinoma. OVX1 has also been shown to be elevated in colon cancer patients. This study is designed to assess...
ZnUMBA Crosses the Border

Breaks in tight junctions cause transient tissue leaks. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Stephenson et al. (2019) show that local RhoA activation and actomyosin contractions concentrate tight junction proteins at the breach, which repairs the leak.
Spurious Local Minima in Power System State Estimation

The power system state estimation problem computes the set of complex voltage phasors given quadratic measurements using nonlinear least squares. This is a nonconvex optimization problem, so even in the absence of measurement errors, local search algorithms like Newton/Gauss–Newton can become “stuck” at local minima, which correspond to nonsensical estimations. In this paper, we observe that local minima cease to be an issue as redundant measurements are added. Posing state estimation as an instance of the low-rank matrix recovery problem, we derive a bound for the distance between the true solution and the nearest spurious local minimum. We use the bound to show that spurious local minima of the nonconvex least-squares objective become far-away from the true solution with the addition of redundant information.
Short-Term Morbidity and Mortality After Hemiarthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty for Pathologic Proximal Femur Fractures.

Abstract Background As oncology patients have increasing life expectancies, total hip arthroplasty (THA) may become an important treatment option for pathologic proximal femur fractures (PPFFs). Although THA and hemiarthroplasty (HA) have been compared for native hip fracture treatment, no data on short-term morbidity and mortality are available in the pathologic setting. The purpose of this study is to compare short-term morbidity and mortality of HA vs THA for PPFFs. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried from 2007 to 2017 for patients with PPFFs treated with HA or THA. Propensity-adjusted logistic regressions were implemented to compare 30-day morbidity and mortality between procedures. Backwards stepwise regression was then used to determine independent predictors of treatment with HA compared to THA. Results In adjusted analysis, THA was associated with longer operative times (120.3 ± 5.6 vs 98.7 ± 4.9 minutes, P Conclusion As patients with metastatic cancer continue to live longer with their disease, the durability of surgical reconstruction to treat PPFFs is becoming increasingly important. This study demonstrated no significant differences in 30-day complications between PPFF patients treated with THA or HA after controlling for underlying confounders. These results suggest that THA can be utilized to treat certain patients with PPFFs, and future work is warranted to examine long-term functional outcomes.
MAPS application in the STAR and ALICE Experiments

Abstract Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) offer a set of highly desirable characteristics for high precision tracking of charged particles. These characteristics include relatively high readout speed, low mass and radiation length, low power dissipation and cost and complexity savings over hybrid detectors. These features along with reasonable radiation tolerance make them ideal candidates for the current heavy ion experiments at colliders. We will describe the principles of operation and the design and performance of the MAPS used in the Soleniodal Tracker at RHIC (STAR) PiXeL (PXL) vertex detector and the A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) Inner Tracking System (ITS) upgrade. In addition, we will show that the performance at STAR demonstrates the value of the technology. We will also give the performance that is expected to be achieved with the ITS upgrade at the ALICE detector at the CERN.
Predicting injury severity and crash frequency: Insights into the impacts of geometric variables on downgrade crashes in Wyoming

Abstract Road deaths, injuries and property damage places a huge burden on the economy of most nations. Wyoming has one of the highest truck-related fatality rates among the states in the US. The high crash rates observed in the state is as a result of many factors mainly related to the challenging mountainous terrain in the state, which places extra burden on truck drivers in terms of requiring higher levels of alertness and driving skills. The difficult geometry of roads characteristic of mountainous terrain in terms of steep grade lengths adds extra risks of fatalities or injuries occurring as a result of a crash. These risks are more pronounced for truck-related crashes due to their weight and sizes. As part of the measures to reduce the incidence of truck-related crashes on mountainous areas, the Wyoming Department of Transportation (WYDOT) initiated a study to investigate causes of truck crashes on downgrade areas of Wyoming. Several studies have investigated the contributory factors to severe injury crashes but the focus has mostly been on level sections. This study analyzed the contributory geometric factors of truck crashes on downgrades by estimating three crash prediction negative binomial models. These models took into account the injury severity of the crashes. The results indicate that downgrade length, shoulder width, horizontal curve length, number of lanes, number of access points and truck traffic on the highway all impact truck-related crashes and injury frequencies on downgrades in Wyoming. The results of this study will be helpful to future downgrade road design policy aimed at reducing downgrade truck related crashes.
MARCI-observed clouds in the Hellas Basin during northern hemisphere summer on Mars: Interpretation with the NASA/Ames Legacy Mars Global Climate Model

Abstract We present a study that is motivated by a population of water ice clouds in the Hellas Basin that has been observed by the MARs Color Imager (MARCI) instrument on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to persist throughout the majority of Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer. Although water ice clouds are present in Hellas at very low opacities throughout NH spring, they noticeably thicken after Ls 60° and continue to do so until their peak optical thickness is attained at Ls ~120°. They dissipate rapidly from Ls 120° to 150°, and by Ls 150°, the only clouds in Hellas are on the southern side of the basin and are indistinguishable from the polar hood clouds. We use the NASA/Ames Legacy Mars Global Climate Model (GCM), which is supported by the Agency's Mars Climate Modeling Center, to investigate the dynamical and microphysical mechanisms that control the formation and evolution of Hellas water ice clouds. We show that water is transported from the North Polar Residual Cap (NPRC) southward across the equator and into the Hellas region. Water vapor is confined down low by cloud formation in the aphelion cloud belt, thus limiting the effectiveness of transport by the zonal mean overturning circulation (i.e., the Hadley cell). Thus, contrary to the commonly held conceptual understanding that the Hadley cell controls cross-equatorial water transport during this season, we show that the southward transport of water is done primarily in the vapor phase by stationary eddies at nearly all latitudes, including across the equator. Clouds form near the surface in the basin as moist air mixes with cold polar air on the western side of Hellas and are subsequently transported clockwise around the north side of the basin by the low-level cyclonic circulation. The simulated Hellas clouds have small particle sizes (~3–5 μm), are very low, and exist as long as the NPRC is exposed.
Chloride‐induced migration of supported platinum and palladium across phase boundaries

Previous work showed that calcination in O2 of physical mixtures of Fe2O3 and supported Pt leads to a strong reduction enhancement of the Fe2O3, but that a much smaller effect was observed with supported Pd. The present results show that a strong reduction enhancement could be achieved by pretreating Pt/Al2O3 or Pd/Al2O3 with NH4Cl and then decomposing NH4Cl, before mixing the solid with Fe2O3. Such pretreatment with NH4Cl has no effect on SiO2 or zeolite‐supported metals, because only Al2O3 retains chloride ions at its surface. In the physical mixtures, chlorides migrate from Al2O3 to Fe2O3 at elevated temperature and form a volatile compound, presumably FeCl3. Layered‐bed experiments show that this FeCl3 sublimes, and that its chemical interaction with Pt or Pd on any support results in the formation of mobile Pt– or Pd–chloro complexes that reach Fe2O3 particles by surface migration. After exposure to an H2 flow, the complexes are reduced, and Pt or Pd particles are formed on the Fe2O3, enhancing its reduction by H spillover. These metal particles on the Fe2O3 have been identified by TEM and X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Abundant formation of PdFe alloys upon reduction is verified by TPR/TPD, indicating that almost all Pd has interacted with the volatile Fe chloride. In the absence of a transition metal, chloride ions retard the reduction of Fe2O3.
Association between oral lichen planus and systemic conditions and medications: Case-control study.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and a variety of systemic conditions, medication, and supplement usage. MATERIALS AND METHOD A total of 156 patients diagnosed with OLP and 156 controls at Columbia University Irving Medical Center from 2000 to 2013 were selected as part of the matched (1:1) case-control study. Demographics, systemic conditions, prescription medications and supplements were extracted from the patients' medical records. A univariable conditional logistic regression (CLR) analysis was performed to calculate unadjusted odds ratio, to identify significant variables associated with OLP (p < .10). Significant variables were further tested using multivariable CLR analysis with both forward and backward selection to calculate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and further distinguish variables associated with OLP (p < .05). RESULTS This analysis identified six significant variables: thyroid disorder (aOR:5.1,95%CI:2.3-11.2), any form of cancer (aOR:3.4,95%CI:1.4-8.4), type 2 diabetes (aOR:2.8,95%CI:1.2-6.3), hyperlipidemia (aOR:2.3,95%CI:1.3-4.1), oral sedative usage (aOR:6.3,95%CI:1.8-22.5), and vitamin D supplementation (aOR:2.7,95%Cl:1.3-6.0). CONCLUSION Thyroid disorders, cancer, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, sedatives, and vitamin D supplementation were found to be associated with OLP. Additional investigation is required to explore these associations, which could shed light on the potential mechanism of OLP and reinforce the idea that oral lesions could be predicative of previously undetected systemic conditions.
Counterstory: the Rhetoric and writing of critical race theory: by Aja Y. Martinez, Illinois, Conference on College Composition and Communication of the National Council of Teachers of English, 2020, xi+178 pp., $34.99 (hardback), ISBN 978-0814108789

Counterstory: The Rhetoric and Writing of Critical Race Theory by Aja Y. Martinez merges the storytelling tradition with Critical Race Theory (CRT), Latinx Critical Theory (LatCrit), and intersecti...
Application-Layer DDoS Defense with Reinforcement Learning

Application-layer distributed denial-of-service (L7 DDoS) attacks, by exploiting application-layer requests to overwhelm functions or components of victim servers, have become a rising major threat to today's Internet. However, because the traffic from an L7 DDoS attack appears legitimate in transport and network layers, it is difficult for traditional DDoS solutions to detect and defend against an L7 DDoS attack. In this paper, we propose a new, reinforcement-learning-based approach to L7 DDoS attack defense. We introduce a multiobjective reward function to guide a reinforcement learning agent to learn the most suitable action in mitigating L7 DDoS attacks. Consequently, while actively monitoring and analyzing the victim server, the agent can apply different strategies under different conditions to protect the victim: When an L7 DDoS attack is overwhelming, the agent will aggressively mitigate as many malicious requests as possible, thereby keeping the victim server functioning (even at the cost of sacrificing a small number of legitimate requests); otherwise, the agent will conservatively mitigate malicious requests instead, with a focus on minimizing collateral damage to legitimate requests. The evaluation shows that our approach can achieve minimal collateral damage when the L7 DDoS attack is tolerable and mitigate 98.73 % of the malicious application messages when the victim is brought to its knees.
Association between somatostatin analogues and diabetes mellitus in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare analysis of 5235 patients.

Background Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are increasingly common malignancies and tend to have favorable long-term prognoses. Somatostatin analogues (SSA) are a first-line treatment for many NETs. Short-term experiments suggest an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether there is a relationship between SSAs and clinically significant hyperglycemia causing development of diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic condition with significant morbidity and mortality. Aim In this study, we aimed to compare risk of developing DM in patients treated with SSA vs no SSA treatment. Methods and results Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and linked Medicare claims (1991-2016), we identified patients age 65+ with no prior DM diagnosis and a GEP-NET in the stomach, small intestine, appendix, colon, rectum, or pancreas. We used χ2 tests to compare SSA-treated and SSA-untreated patients and multivariable Cox regression to assess risk factors for developing DM. Among 8464 GEP-NET patients, 5235 patients had no prior DM and were included for analysis. Of these, 784 (15%) patients received SSAs. In multivariable analysis, the hazard ratio of developing DM with SSA treatment was 1.19, which was not statistically significant (95% CI 0.95-1.49). Significant risk factors for DM included black race, Hispanic ethnicity, prior pancreatic surgery, prior chemotherapy, tumor size >2 cm, pancreas tumors, and higher Charlson scores. Conclusion DM was very common in GEP-NET patients, affecting 53% of our cohort. Despite prior studies suggesting an association between SSAs and hyperglycemia, our analysis found similar risk of DM in SSA-treated and SSA-untreated GEP-NET patients. Further studies are needed to better understand this relationship. As NET patients have increasingly prolonged survival, it is crucial to identify chronic conditions such as DM that these patients may be at elevated risk for.
Digital Attribution: Copyright and the Right to Credit

In a 1951 article in Science magazine, librarian Ralph Shaw argued that copyright law paid insufficient attention to the attribution interests of authors. Shaw observed that the straightforward pecuniary interests of publishers diverged from the more complex reputation-based interests of authors. He noted how authors and publishers might have differing views regarding the benefits of providing thousands of copies of a work for free distribution. Of course, since Shaw had pointed out that no sensible publisher would be interested in giving away such free works, the example he used was fanciful at the time. Today times have changed. The World Wide Web delivers a hyperlinked high-speed information environment that Shaw could not have imagined. Most importantly, just as Shaw predicted, authors are now giving away thousands - even millions - of free reprints and realizing what Shaw described as a great additional profit . . . in terms of professional credit. Copyright law, for various reasons, has largely ignored this fact. Shaw's right to credit is still as much a fantasy as the World Wide Web was half a century ago. This article takes up Ralph Shaw's call for a right to credit in a new era of networked information systems. Copyright law should be adjusted to take into account the growing importance of open access forms of copyright creation and reputation economies. Prioritizing the legal importance of attribution in copyright is a change that is long overdue. The contemporary digital environment provides an opportunity and an important additional reason to revisit Shaw's salient distinction between the motivations of authors and publishers.
Droplet-capturing coatings on environmental surfaces based on cosmetic ingredients

Summary Transmission of infectious respiratory diseases starts with pathogen-laden respiratory droplets released from a source, the removal of which should help to prevent or slow down the overall spread of the pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that a surface-agnostic, non-destructive, polymer-based coating can significantly enhance the capture of aerosols and droplets. The water-based formulation contains only cosmetic ingredients and yields uniform and conformal coatings on a broad range of indoor environmental surfaces, regardless of the material composition, wettability, and texture. The coating remains transparent and haze free even after extensive droplet deposition. Additives can be incorporated to bring additional functions, such as coloration and sanitization. The strategy enhances the function of transparent protective barriers and can repurpose large areas of barely touched indoor environmental surfaces for droplet removal, eliminating these infectious sources from the chain of transmission.
Mutant p53-induced Immortalization of Primary Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

Mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent genetic lesions in breast cancer, suggesting a critical role for p53 protein in normal mammary cell growth control. Indeed, the p53-targeting human papillomavirus oncogene E6 induces efficient immortalization of normal human mammary epithelial cells (MECs). To assess whether selective loss of p53 is sufficient for MEC immortalization, we introduced seven missense mutants and one single-amino acid deletion mutant (del239) of p53 into the 76N normal MEC strain. Although the missense mutants failed to immortalize MECs, the del239 mutant reproducibly immortalized these cells. The immortal cells were anchorage dependent and nontumorigenic, indicating a preneoplastic transformation. Gamma-irradiation of these cells failed to induce G1 cell cycle arrest and did not lead to an increase in WAF1 and mdm-2 mRNA levels, demonstrating a loss of the endogenous p53 function. These results demonstrate that selective ablation of p53 function by a dominant-negative mutant is sufficient for immortalization of MECs. Availability of an immortalizing as well as several nonimmortalizing p53 mutants should help identify functions critical for cell growth control by p53 in mammary epithelial cells.
Person-Centred Counselling: Therapeutic and Spiritual Dimensions

Prologue. Part 1 Self --exploration. Chapter 1 The blessing and the curse of empathy. Chapter 2 The God who comes: Good Friday 1946. Part II Theory and Practice. Chapter 3 Person--centred therapy. Chapter 4 The person--centre approach to large groups. Chapter 5 The quality of tenderness. Part III Values and Meaning. Chapter 6 In search of value and meaning. Chapter 7 Ethical confrontation in counselling. Chapter 8 Carl Rogers and the doctrine of Orginal Sin. Chapter 9 Counselling and the grocera s shop on campus. Part IV Papers for Special Occasions. Chapter 10 Intimacy. Chapter 11 Counselling and community development. Chapter 12 Conventional and unconventional relationships. Chapter 13 Who hates the counsellor? Chapter 14 Carl Rogers: The legacy and the challenge. Postscript. Author index. Subject index.
Widening Worlds: Understanding and teaching new literacies

New conceptions of literacies and the practices associated with them call for new approaches to preparing teachers to engage students in literacy as a situated social phenomenon. This article describes two teacher educators' engagement in collaborative self-study as we implemented The New Literacies Project to help pre-service teachers expand their conceptions of literacy and their knowledge of how to incorporate new literacies pedagogies into K-6 teaching and learning. We discuss how teacher candidates' conceptions of new literacies and their connections to classroom practice evolved over time, and how our own evolving conception of new literacies influenced ways the project was conceptualized, structured, and supported. The candidates' learning experiences seemed powerful enough to help them expand their conceptions of literacy, including digital literacy, and most were able to talk broadly about implications for classroom teaching and learning. However, many were not able to fully integrate technology ...
Molecular cloning and characterization of ribosomal RNA genes from the brine shrimp: Nucleotide sequence analysis and evolution of the 5.8 S rRNA gene region and its flanking nucleotides

Abstract A detailed restriction endonuclease map was prepared for the cloned 5.8 S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene region of the brine shrimp Artemia . The nucleotide sequence of the 5.8 S rRNA gene and its flanking nucleotides was determined. This sequence differs in two positions from that of the previously reported 5.8 S rRNA. The primary structure of the Artemia 5.8 S rRNA gene, which, unlike in dipteran insects, is shown to contain no insertion sequence, is conserved according to the relatedness of the species compared. The 5.8 S rRNA gene flanking nucleotides, which were sequenced 176 nucleotide pairs upstream and 70 nucleotide pairs downstream from the gene, show no evidence of sequence conservation between evolutionarily diverse species by computer analysis. Direct nucleotide repeats are present within the flanking sequences at both ends of the gene at about the same distance upstream and downstream, which could serve as processing signals.
Lifetime suicide attempt history, quality of life, and objective functioning among HIV/AIDS patients with alcohol and illicit substance use disorders.

This cross-sectional study evaluated lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts in 170 HIV/AIDS patients with substance use disorders and the impact of suicide attempt history on subjective indices of quality of life and objective indices of cognitive and physical functioning. All patients met the diagnostic criteria for past-year cocaine or opioid use disorders and 27% of patients also had co-occurring alcohol use disorders. Compared to their counterparts without a history of a suicide attempt, patients with a history of a suicide attempt (n = 60, 35.3%) had significantly poorer emotional and cognitive quality of life scores (ps Language: en
P72: CT scan reconstruction demonstrates no change in gastric pouch size at one year

dyslipidemia, 60% and 52% of respondents respectively stated they never restarted medications with only 5% monitoring C-reactive protein. Respondents regularly monitor CBC (91%) and Vitamin B12 (85%), whereas about half monitor thiamine. Only 38% give Actigall to patients who still have their gall bladder. 15% of respondents do not recommend contraception to their patients post-operatively. The 85% that do recommend contraception most frequently leave the choice of method to the patient (39%). Conclusion: Significant practice pattern variation exists for bariatric surgeons. Surprisingly many surgeons do not consistently monitor patients for depression or resume medications when depression persists despite a potential for suicide after surgery. Also, only 5% routinely monitor CRP despite its demonstration as the best cardiac risk predictor. This survey demonstrates the need for standardization of bariatric patient follow-up. PII: S1550-7289(08)00244-X
Social choice in a sequential environment

In a recent paper [2] we presented a model of societies. In the context of that model, we argued that in the field of social choice it is necessary to consider some type of cardinal utility indices if we want to develop a sensible analysis. The main purpose of the present article is to complete and extend an argument initiated in Section 5 of [2] by giving a rigorous formulation and proof of a theorem informally discussed there.
Relation between Developmental Stage, Sensory Properties, and Volatile Content of Organically and Conventionally Grown Pac Choi (Brassica rapa var. Mei Qing Choi)

: This study was conducted to identify and quantify the sensory characteristics and chemical profile of organically and conventionally grown pac choi (Brassica rapa var. Mei Qing Choi), also called bok choy, at 3 stages of growth (2.5, 4.5, and 6.5 wk). Sensory and instrumental data were correlated using partial least squares regression. Pac choi was grown in late spring. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted by a highly trained panel and compounds were identified and quantified using a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer. The findings of the study indicate that the differences in sensory characteristics and chemical profiles among stages of growth are more substantial than the differences between organic and conventional production. Green-unripe, musty/earthy, lettuce, and sweet flavors are representative in pac choi at early stages of growth. When older, pac choi has higher intensities of green-grassy/leafy, bitter, cabbage, and sulfur flavors that are associated with the increase of (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, octyl acetate, 1-nonanol, 2-decanone, 1-penten-3-ol, linalool, camphor, menthol, isobornyl acetate, geranylacetone, and cedrol compounds. Conventional pac choi was higher than organic pac choi in green overall, bitter, and soapy flavors only at 2.5 wk of age. This may be associated with the presence of (Z)-3-hexenal, 2-hexyn-1-ol, and (E)-2-hexenal compounds. Practical Application: The increased popularity of organic production has amplified the need for research that will help in understanding how this production system affects the final quality of food products. This study suggests that the stage of development has a much larger impact on sensory quality than organic or conventional growing of pac choi. Findings from this study promote consumer choice by showing that comparable sensory quality can be obtained using either production system, making the ultimate choice not only based on sensory quality but consumer choice related to environmental beliefs or economics.