cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Landscape of insertion polymorphisms in the human genome.

Nucleotide substitutions, small ( 50 bp) deletions are well-known causes of genetic variation within the human genome. We recently reported a previously unrecognized form of polymorphic insertions, termed templated sequence insertion polymorphism (TSIP), in which the inserted sequence was templated from a distant genomic region, and was inserted in the genome through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. TSIPs can be grouped into two classes based on nucleotide sequence features at the insertion junctions; class 1 TSIPs show target site duplication, polyadenylation, and preference for insertion at a 5′-TTTT/A-3′ sequence, suggesting a LINE-1 based insertion mechanism, whereas class 2 TSIPs show features consistent with repair of a DNA double strand break by nonhomologous end joining. To gain a more complete picture of TSIPs throughout the human population, we evaluated whole-genome sequence from 52 individuals, and identified 171 TSIPs. Most individuals had 25–30 TSIPs, and common (present in >20% of individuals) TSIPs were found in individuals throughout the world, whereas rare TSIPs tended to cluster in specific geographic regions. The number of rare TSIPs was greater than the number of common TSIPs, suggesting that TSIP generation is an ongoing process. Intriguingly, mitochondrial sequences were a frequent template for class 2 insertions, used more commonly than any nuclear chromosome. Similar to single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels, we suspect that these TSIPs may be important for the generation of human diversity and genetic diseases, and can be useful in tracking historical migration of populations.
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a complex congenital heart defect that is defined by atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance. Figure 15.1 shows a coronal view of a heart with ccTGA and ventricular septal defect (VSD). The morphologic right atrium (systemic collecting chamber) is connected to the morphologic left ventricle through a mitral valve, connected to the pulmonary artery. The morphologic left atrium (pulmonary venous collecting chamber) is connected to the morphologic right ventricle through a tricuspid valve connected to the aorta. This arrangement results in physiologically corrected but not anatomically corrected circulation. Associated lesions are generally responsible for circulatory aberrations; these include VSDs, pulmonary stenosis (PS) or atresia, and tricuspid valve abnormalities. Congenitally corrected TGA may also occur in association with situs solitus (normal atrial situs) or situs inversus. In addition, the conduction system in patients with ccTGA is notably atypical. Furthermore, the incidence of spontaneous heart block is high, even without surgical correction. Figure 15.2a shows a patient with ccTGA, VSD, and situs solitus undergoing aortobicaval cardiopulmonary bypass with aortic cross clamping and cardioplegic arrest. The relevant right atrial and morphological left ventricular anatomy is depicted, with retraction of the mitral valve for transatrial perimembranous VSD closure. The location of the normally positioned atrioventricular node is included to emphasize the abnormal location of the aberrant atrioventricular node (also shown) and the pathway of the bundle of His as it passes anterior to the pulmonary annulus along the morphologic left ventricular crest of the ventricular septum. The conduction system can be avoided during VSD closure by anchoring interrupted, pledgeted sutures on the right ventricular side of the VSD over the course of the conduction system (Fig. 15.2b). Sutures can be placed on the left ventricular side of the septum at the inferior margin of the VSD, which is safely away from the conduction system. The sutures can then be taken through a prosthetic patch and individually tied to effectively close the VSD.
Family resource management and family stress theories: Toward a conceptual integration

Integration of concepts and models from family resource management and family stress theories can provide a comprehensive view of the crisis and stress management process. This article (a) presents and discusses the ABCD-XYZ Resource Management Model of Crisis/Stress, (b) discusses the concepts of coping, resource management, and adaptation as they pertain to crisis and stress, (c) shows how interpersonal resource exchange theory can be used to conceptualize the concept of social support, and (d) suggests how concepts from family resource management can provide better insight into family crisis/stress. According to the ABCD-XYZ model, crisis/stress management involves (a) perceiving the stressor, the demands of the situation, and the available coping resources to formulate a definition of the crisis/stress situation, (b) cognitive coping and managerial decision-making to create, use, or combine coping resources, and (c) activating those decisions through adaptive coping and management behavior.
Differential Trajectories of Age-Related Changes in Components of Executive and Memory Processes

Several studies have demonstrated age-related declines in general executive function and memory. In this study, we examined cross-sectional and longitudinal age effects in more specific cognitive processes that constitute executive function and memory. We postulated that, whereas some components of executive and memory functions would show age differences and longitudinal declines, other specific abilities would be maintained or even improve with repeated testing. In a sample of individuals ≥55 years old from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we found longitudinal declines in inhibition, manipulation, semantic retrieval, phonological retrieval, switching, and long-term memory over a maximum of 14 years follow-up. In contrast, abstraction, capacity, chunking, discrimination, and short-term memory were maintained or even improved longitudinally, probably due in part to repeated testing. Moreover, whereas several different abilities were correlated across participants’ cross-sectional performance, longitudinal changes in performance showed more heterogeneous trajectories. Finally, compared with cross-sectional performance, longitudinal trajectories showed better distinction between participants with and those without later cognitive impairment. These results show that longitudinal cognitive aging of executive and memory functions is not a uniform process but a heterogeneous one and suggest that certain executive and memory functions remain stable despite age-related declines in other component processes.
Vascularized bone grafts from the distal radius for disorders of the carpus

Vascularized bone grafts offer several distinct advantages over conventional, nonvascularized autografts. Because cell viability and structural integrity is maintained, primary bone healing may occur, rather than creeping substitution of necrotic bone. Cortical osteocyte viability is significantly higher than in nonvascularized grafts, approaching 90% of normal controls. Minimal bone necrosis results in less remodeling, maintained bone mass, and diminished osteopenia after transfer. Vascularized grafts also exhibit superior material properties including strength, toughness, and elastic modulus 2 to 4 times greater than conventional structural grafts. Revascularization and remodeling of adjacent avascular bone also is facilitated by living grafts. All of these properties make them attractive for treatment of some scaphoid nonunions as well as carpal avascular necrosis. The principles, anatomy, application, experimental, and clinical studies of carpal vascularized pedicled bone grafts are the focus of this article. Copyright © 2002 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand
The Inclusion of the Paralympics in the Olympic and Amateur Sports Act Legal and Policy Implications for Integration of Athletes with Disabilities into the United States Olympic Committee and National Governing Bodies

The governance of disability sport is a complex and evolving area. In particular, the passage of the Stevens Amendment of 1998 altered the responsibilities of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) in terms of its relationship to disability sport, specifically Paralympic sport. Now the USOC, along with the various national governing bodies (NGBs) and disabled sports organizations (DSOs), is grappling with the implementation of the Stevens Amendment. The policy implications of this legal mandate to be more inclusive of athletes with disabilities are unclear, as Congress did not specify how the act should be implemented. This article provides background information on disability sport governance and presents the legal and policy implications of the Stevens Amendment for the various sport governing bodies.
NMDA antagonists and potentiation of NMDA-induced motoneuron depolarizations in the isolated frog spinal cord.

Abstract The action of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) antagonistson motoneurons was studied in the isolated, hemisected frog spinal cord using sucrose gap techniques. NMDA-evoked motoneuron depolarizations were depressed by application of APV, APH, kynurenate, Mg 2+ ions, ketamine, and MK-801. Upon returning to normal Ringer's solution after exposure to all antagonists (except MK-801), NMDA responses were significantly potentiated. Kainate- and quisqualate-induced depolarizations were unchanged. The facilitation appeared to result, at least in part, from a direct action on motoneuron membranes since it persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin which eliminated interneuronal firing. However, indirect actions involving interneurons also contributed to the potentiation because NMDA-evoked changes in K + release were increased following exposure to NMDA antagonists and return to normal medium. Reduction of temperature (7°C) which should reduce amino acid uptake did not affect results with APV. In addition, desensitization of NMDA responses was not altered by application of APV. The results indicate that NMDA antagonists have complex and long-lasting effects on the function of the NMDA receptor complex.
SELECTION OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CATTLE : ESTABLISHMENT OF FOLLICLE DEVIATION IN LESS THAN 8 HOURS THROUGH DEPRESSION OF FSH CONCENTRATIONS

Abstract Deviation in follicle diameter in cattle is characterized by continued growth of the largest follicle of a follicular wave and a reduction or cessation of growth of the smaller follicles. Deviation begins when the largest follicle reaches about 8.5 mm. Two experiments were done to test the hypothesis that the deviation mechanism is established in
Observations of energetic X-rays and solar cosmic rays associated with the 23 May 1967 solar flare event

Peaks and time intensity profile of energetic X rays and cosmic rays observed by OGO-C ion chamber on May 23, 1967 flare event
Real-Time Display And Manipulation Of 3-D CT, PET, And NMR Data

A fully interactive physician's workstation which supports the display and manipulation of 3-D medical datasets has been constructed. Based on the "Voxel Processor" architecture, the system uses special-purpose computer hardware to provide a variety of display modalities including shaded surface display, multi-planar reconstruction, and 3-D display of dynamically changing objects - all with real-time update rates (15 frames/second). Grey-scale voxel densities are retained throughout the processing so that windowing and thresholding can be accomplished interactively in true real-time. Other real-time features include rotation, scaling, and slice plane control. This paper describes the 3-D physician's workstation and summarizes the major requirements for future 3-D workstations as they relate to specific medical applications. The general architecture and functional characteristics of advanced 3-D display processors supporting these requirements are presented.
Surviving death-anxieties in liquid modern times: examining Zygmunt Bauman's cultural theory of death and dying.

Despite his prominence as a leading contemporary social theorist, Zygmunt Bauman's long-term writing on the cultural theory of death and dying has largely been overlooked in the sociological litera...
Synthesis of 3,2′:5′,3′′-Terthiophene and 2,5-DI(3′-Thienyl)Furan

Abstract Synthesis of 3,2′:5′,3′-terthiophene (2) and 2,5-di(3-thienyl) furan (6) has been achieved from 1,4-di(3′-thienyl) 1,4-butanedione (3) whichin turn was prepared by the hypervalent iodine oxidation of 3-acetylthiophene silyl enol ether (5). Mass spectra of 2 and 3 are also discussed.
Real-time assessment of CO2 migration direction during geologic storage

Abstract Minimizing the cost of large-scale geologic storage of CO 2 is a paramount concern, and consequently many aquifer storage projects may be implemented without a detailed characterization of the target formation. On the other hand, CO 2 migration beyond the volume designed for effective trapping is a paramount risk. Thus, inexpensive methods of monitoring the plume movement will be valuable for operators and regulators alike. Unanticipated heterogeneities within the target formation, whether high-permeability channels or low permeability barriers, are one of the most likely causes of migration beyond the design volume. We propose that routine measurements of injection rate and injection pressure in each well can be used to infer the existence of heterogeneities large enough to affect the plume path. We do not seek from these measurements a detailed spatial distribution of permeability in the formation, but merely an indication of features that affect the overall migration path. The advantage of this approach is that these measurements will be acquired routinely, frequently and cheaply in all projects, whereas methods yielding higher resolution (time-lapse seismic surveys, electromagnetic surveys, cross-well seismic, monitoring wells, etc.) are specialized and expensive. We have implemented this idea by combining (i) our previously developed research software (Pro-HMS) which carries out geologically consistent parameter estimation from injection and production data and (ii) a commercial compositional simulator (GEM from CMG) as a forward model which has been tuned to the full physics and phase behavior of the CO 2 /brine/rock system. In this paper we test the approach on model aquifers that exhibit permeability heterogeneity prescribed by a spatial correlation model. The permeability estimation process is performed within a fully probabilistic framework. We include the noise typical of pressure/rate data from real wells and find that signal of large heterogeneities can still be discerned.
Energy calibration of an accelerator using cusp electron spectroscopy

We have used zero degree electron spectroscopy to determine the energy of the beams accelerated by the Macdonald laboratory EN tandem accelerator to better than 0.5% over a wide range of energies and projectiles. These high precision values were evaluated from the measurement of the cusp electrons' peak position, which is expected theoretically to peak at the beam velocity. These beam energies are in good agreement with the ones evaluated from the measurement of the magnetic field in the 90° analyzing magnet using either NMR or Hall probe settings determined for the 27Al(p,n) threshold. On the other hand, the beam energies evaluated from the measurement of the accelerator terminal voltage are not precise enough and the deviations between the two methods increase rapidly at low energies. The cusp electron energy calibration method is an alternative to the commonly used measurements of (p,n) thresholds or resonance energies of nuclear reactions. The cusp electron method can be used to measure the beam energy with high precision (∼ 10−4) whenever such precision is needed.
Algorithms and metrics for processing multiple heterogeneous continuous queries

The emergence of monitoring applications has precipitated the need for Data Stream Management Systems (DSMSs), which constantly monitor incoming data feeds (through registered continuous queries), in order to detect events of interest. In this article, we examine the problem of how to schedule multiple Continuous Queries (CQs) in a DSMS to optimize different Quality of Service (QoS) metrics. We show that, unlike traditional online systems, scheduling policies in DSMSs that optimize for average response time will be different from policies that optimize for average slowdown, which is a more appropriate metric to use in the presence of a heterogeneous workload. Towards this, we propose policies to optimize for the average-case performance for both metrics. Additionally, we propose a hybrid scheduling policy that strikes a fine balance between performance and fairness, by looking at both the average- and worst-case performance, for both metrics. We also show how our policies can be adaptive enough to handle the inherent dynamic nature of monitoring applications. Furthermore, we discuss how our policies can be efficiently implemented and extended to exploit sharing in optimized multi-query plans and multi-stream CQs. Finally, we experimentally show using real data that our policies consistently outperform currently used ones.
A generalization of the methods of heat exchanger analysis

transfer area [ft’] ; function of me0 and m,, defined under equation (5); function ofm,, defined under equation (5a) ; function of me0 and m,, defined under equation (6); unit heat capacity of liquid water [B.t.u./(lb OF)]; the capacity rate of the flow stream (see Table 1); me0 or l/m,, selected so as to be I 1; the symbol for differential ; base of natural logarithms; superficial air mass velocity [lb dry air/hr ft2 of superficial flow cross-section, G = w/A,] ; air absolute humidity [lb/lb dry air] ; the unit film conductance for contact exchangers. For tube type exchangers, it may also include the effect of wall resistance (see Table 1); air unit enthalpy, dry air component referred to 0°F datum, water component referred to liquid at 32°F datum [B.t.u./lb dry air] ; liquid rate [lb/hr] ; height of packing [ft] ; slope of the equilibrium line; slope of the operating line; slope of the tie line; exchanger transfer current (see Table 1); unit heat capacity of air [B.t.u./(lb dry air “F)] ; the potential in the stream. T is one of the stream intensive properties influenced by q (see Table 1); temperature [“F] ; the overall conductance (see Table 1);
An improved confidence interval for a linear function of binomial proportions

We propose a simple adjustment to a Wald confidence interval to estimate a linear function of binomial proportions. This method is an extension to the adjusted Wald confidence intervals for proportions and their differences that have recently been proposed.
Dynamic stimulus display for the WGTA

A description is given of the design and construction of a three-stimulus display to be used in conjunction with a standard Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA), The display employs planometric stimuli that are presented by rear illumination of transparent images on closed loops of 70-mm photographic film. These stimuli can be set in motion to provide a stimulus dimension distinct from color, shape, pattern, size, and number. The results of a pilot experiment indicate that movement of test stimuli can be a potent stimulus cue in primate learning tasks.
The application of cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization to fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis and subclassification of renal neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is an important diagnostic test for the evaluation and management of selected renal masses. Cytogenetic analysis of cytology specimens can serve as an adjunct for precise classification because certain tumors are associated with specific chromosomal aberrations. This study summarizes our experience with the application of conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to renal FNA specimens. METHODS: All percutaneous renal FNAs performed during 2005 through 2008 were identified from the electronic pathology database. Results of cytogenetic and FISH analyses were correlated with the final diagnoses of the renal FNAs. RESULTS: A total of 303 renal FNAs were performed. During an onsite assessment, a portion of the cytology specimen was allocated for cytogenetic analysis in 74 cases. Karyotypic analysis or FISH was successful in 44 (59%) of these. Characteristic chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 27 cases. In 17 cases, a karyotype revealed a combination of trisomies/tetrasomies and in another 5 cases, FISH revealed trisomy 7 and 17, both of which are consistent with papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Two cases showed 3p deletions consistent with clear cell RCC. Trisomy 3 was observed in 1 case of clear cell RCC. Monosomy 1 and 17 was observed in a case of papillary RCC comprised oncocytic cells. In 1 case of primary renal synovial sarcoma, FISH revealed a rearrangement at the SYT locus (18q11.2). CONCLUSIONS: Renal FNA specimens are amenable to analysis by cytogenetics and FISH in the diagnosis and subclassification of renal neoplasms. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010;118:137–45. V C 2010 American Cancer Society.
Depth profiles of strain in In0.10Ga0.90As/GaAs multiquantum well structures obtained by variable‐pump wavelength photoluminescence

We have performed photoluminescence measurements probing the strain in a set of In0.10Ga0.90As/GaAs multiquantum well (MQW) samples. By using different continuous wave pump laser wavelengths we obtain a depth profile of strain in individual quantum wells within the MQW structure. We also present evidence for the existence of an equilibrium strain between In0.10Ga0.90As quantum well layers and GaAs barrier layers for thick strain‐relaxed MQW structures.
Dynamic and Debye shielding and antishielding in magnetized, collisionless plasmas.

While shielding in collisional, strongly magnetized (one-dimensional) plasmas obeys the standard Debye result, shielding in collisionless, immobile ion plasmas is far more complex than commonly believed. In some circumstances, the plasma will antishield a positive test charge; i.e., the plasma becomes more positive in the neighborhood of a positive test charge. When shielding does occur, it results solely from electrons dynamically trapped in the neighborhood of the test charge. The new theory of dynamic shielding, developed herein, is in good agreement with experiments in pure electron plasmas.
Targeted disruption of the p160 coactivator interface of androgen receptor (AR) selectively inhibits AR activity in both androgen-dependent and castration-resistant AR-expressing prostate cancer cells

The evidence that androgen blockade-resistant prostate cancer, termed castration resistant, remains androgen receptor (AR) dependent is compelling. AR is re-activated through multiple mechanisms including expression of constitutively active splice variants that lack hormone binding domains (HBDs). This highlights the need to develop therapies that target regions other than the HBD. Because the p160 coactivators interact most strongly with the amino-terminus of AR, we examined the consequences of disrupting this interaction. We identified two overlapping SRC-1 peptides that interact with AR, but not with progesterone receptor. These peptides reduce AR and AR variant AR-V7 dependent induction of an AR responsive reporter. Using mammalian two hybrid assays, we found that the peptides interrupt the AR/SRC-1, AR/SRC-2 and AR N/C interactions, but not SRC-1/CARM-1 interactions. Consistent with the SRC-1 dependence of induced, but not repressed genes, in LNCaP cells, the peptides inhibited hormone dependent induction of endogenous target genes including PSA and TMPRSS2, but did not block AR dependent repression of UGT2B17 or inhibit vitamin D receptor activity. Simultaneous detection of SRC-1 peptides and PSA by double immunofluorescence in transfected LNCaP cells clearly demonstrated a strong reduction in PSA levels in cells expressing the peptides. The peptides also inhibited the AR dependent expression of PSA in castration resistant C4-2 cells. Moreover they inhibited androgen dependent proliferation of LNCaP cells and proliferation of C4-2 cells in androgen depleted medium without affecting AR negative PC-3 cells. Thus, the p160 coactivator binding site is a novel potential therapeutic target to inhibit AR activity.
TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks: a quantitative study

In this paper, we study the performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP) over mobile ad-hoc networks. We present a comprehensive set of simulation results and identify the key factors that impact TCP's performance over ad-hoc networks. We use a variety of parameters including link failure detection latency, route computation latency, packet level route unavailability index, and flow level route unavailability index to capture the impact of mobility. We relate the impact of mobility on the different parameters to TCP's performance by studying the throughput, loss-rate and retransmission timeout values at the TCP layer. We conclude from our results that existing approaches to improve TCP performance over mobile ad-hoc networks have identified and hence focused only on a subset of the affecting factors. In the process, we identify a comprehensive set of factors influencing TCP performance. Finally, using the insights gained through the performance evaluations, we propose a framework called Atra consisting of three simple and easily implementable mechanisms at the MAC and routing layers to improve TCP's performance over ad-hoc networks. We demonstrate that Atra improves on the throughput performance of a default protocol stack by 50%–100%. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of High-Speed Cylindrical Roller Bearings Using a Full Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Model Part 2: Results

The kinematic and dynamic characteristics of high-speed cylindrical roller bearings are analyzed using the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) lubrication model developed in Part I of this two-part paper. The internal load distribution, bearing stiffness, running torque, and amount of roller skidding are calculated under various operating conditions. Effects of manufacturing imperfections are also analyzed in terms of outer-raceway waviness and roller diameter tolerance. Results obtained through case studies indicate that the behavior of the bearing can be significantly affected by EHD lubrication in the roller-raceway contacts. Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia May 1–4, 1989
Changing Peer Stereotypes of High-Achieving Adolescents.

It is important for principals to under stand the impact of peer pressure on academic achievement, says this writer. She looks at how peer pres sure can influence academic achieve ment, and suggests ways in which principals can mitigate the negative effects of such pressure.
Stabilization of the μ-Opioid Receptor by Truncated Single Transmembrane Splice Variants through a Chaperone-like Action *

The μ-opioid receptor gene, OPRM1, undergoes extensive alternative pre-mRNA splicing, as illustrated by the identification of an array of splice variants generated by both 5′ and 3′ alternative splicing. The current study reports the identification of another set of splice variants conserved across species that are generated through exon skipping or insertion that encodes proteins containing only a single transmembrane (TM) domain. Using a Tet-Off system, we demonstrated that the truncated single TM variants can dimerize with the full-length 7-TM μ-opioid receptor (MOR-1) in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to increased expression of MOR-1 at the protein level by a chaperone-like function that minimizes endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. In vivo antisense studies suggested that the single TM variants play an important role in morphine analgesia, presumably through modulation of receptor expression levels. Our studies suggest the functional roles of truncated receptors in other G protein-coupled receptor families. Background: The μ-opioid receptor gene undergoes extensive alternative splicing. Results: The single transmembrane (TM) splice variants function as a chaperone to stabilize 7-TM MOR-1, enhancing morphine analgesia. Conclusion: Single TM variants play an important role in expression and function of 7-TM MOR-1. Significance: The function of truncated variants is significant for understanding the regulation of μ-opioid receptors or other GPCR families.
Mystery Case: A 63-year-old man with progressive proximal pain and weakness

A 63-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes presented with hip and shoulder pain in June 2010. He was on atorvastatin 80 mg daily and his creatine kinase (CK) was mildly elevated, so he was switched to simvastatin 20 mg daily. Three months later, he was referred to a rheumatologist. His CK was 142 U/L and his erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were mildly elevated (28 mm/hour and 14 mg/L, respectively). He was diagnosed with polymyalgia rheumatica. He was started on a methylprednisolone taper starting at 16 mg going to 8 mg daily with mild, although transient, improvement. He remained on 8 mg daily methylprednisolone for several months. Eight months later, he began to notice progressive proximal leg weakness and difficulty climbing stairs. His serum CK was 1,600 U/L. He stopped the simvastatin and was started on gemfibrozil. An EMG was normal. His CK rose to the 3,000s IU/L 3 months later. Nine months later, 8-day methylprednisolone tapers starting at 16 mg daily were symptomatically ineffective, as was a prednisone 60 mg daily tapered over 2 weeks.
Diaryl ether/carboxylic acid derivatives of LY255283: receptor antagonists of leukotriene B4

Abstract The preparation and activity of a series of hydroxyacetophenone/diaryl ether LTB 4 receptor antagonists are described. The key acid-substituted diaryl ether moiety is discussed in relation to the spatial and functional group requirements of the LTB 4 receptor.
Opium alkaloids—separation and identification by gas, thin-layer, and paper chromatography

A large number of opium alkaloids has been chromatographed by gas, thin-layer, and paper chromatography for the purpose of identification. Gas chromatography is particularly valuable because of its speed, simplicity, and reproducibility. The two other methods are useful for certain alkaloids which either do not lend themselves to gas chromatography or give unsatisfactory separation.
A high-voltage integrated circuit for power supply applications

A new high-voltage integrated circuit (HVIC) is described which controls either PWM or Resonant half-bridge circuit topologies for power supply applications at frequencies up to 1 MHz. The HVIC technology allows the two power FETs in half-bridge circuit arrangements to be driven from a single silicon chip thus eliminating external, isolated gate drivers. Isolation for the "upper" FET gate driver is achieved on-chip using the HVIC technology. Communication with the "upper" gate drive is also achieved with an on-chip high voltage transistor operated as a current source. The chip has the usual power supply control functions (including current-mode control) as well as a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) for resonant converter control. In addition, a novel pulse detector circuit is included to allow the chip to receive isolated pulses from a secondary side control, thus achieving simple digital isolation between primary and secondary.
Active Rac1 improves pathologic VEGF neovessel architecture and reduces vascular leak: mechanistic similarities with angiopoietin-1.

Architecturally defective, leaky blood vessels typify pathologic angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Such neovascular defects aggravate disease pathology and seriously compromise the therapeutic utility of VEGF. Endothelial cell (EC) transduction with active L61Rac1 strongly improved VEGF-driven angiogenesis in vivo as measured by increased neovascular density, enhanced lumen formation, and reduced vessel leakiness. Conversely, transduction with dominant-negative N17Rac1 strongly inhibited neovascularization. In vitro, active L61Rac1 promoted organization of cortical actin filaments and vascular cords and improved EC-EC junctions, indicating that improved cytoskeletal dynamics are important to the mechanism by which active L61Rac1 rectifies VEGF-driven angiogenesis. SEW2871, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 agonist that activates Rac1 in ECs, improved cord formation and EC-EC junctions in vitro similarly to active L61Rac. Moreover, SEW2871 administration in vivo markedly improved VEGF neovessel architecture and reduced neovascular leak. Angiopoietin-1, a cytokine that “normalizes” VEGF neovessels in vivo, activated Rac1 and improved cord formation and EC-EC junctions in vitro comparably to active L61Rac1, and a specific Rac1 inhibitor blocked these effects. These studies distinguish augmentation of Rac1 activity as a means to rectify the pathologic angioarchitecture and dysfunctionality of VEGF neovessels, and they identify a rational pharmacologic strategy for improving VEGF angiogenesis.
Products, Processes, and Practices: A Non-Reificatory Approach to Collective Memory:

In order to assess the generality of the collective memory concept and to underwrite discussion of its applicability to studies of early Christianity, this essay traces the development of “collective memory” from its origins in the crucible of the modern nation-state and as a tool for the disciplines that address that social form—mainly sociology and contemporary history. On that basis, the paper outlines a “practice” approach to collective memory, emphasizing the multiplicity and variability of mnemonic practices and products.
Fault Diagnosis of Air Handling Units

Abstract This paper presents an improved method for fault detection and diagnostics (FDD) of air handling units (AHUs). The fault detection module defines observable states of the AHU, where each state depends on current values of sensor data and control signals. The fault diagnostic module maps the observable states to the faults and then applies the cumulative sum chart (CUSUM) to define the size and development of each fault in time. The FDD method was tested on real datasets and its results were confirmed by the building technician. Finally, the method is compared with the standard APAR (AHU performance assessment rules) method developed by Schein et al.
The Kankakee Torrent and other large meltwater flooding events during the last deglaciation, Illinois, USA

Abstract Evidence of the Kankakee Torrent (Ekblaw and Athy, 1925) includes boulder bars formed on a scoured bedrock surface west of Kankakee, Illinois, and overflow channels that connect several moraine-dammed basins (Wauponsee, Watseka, and Pontiac; Willman and Payne, 1942). Geomorphic evidence of a large scale flood event in the Illinois Valley includes features such as erosional residuals (Hajic, 1990). The age of the Kankakee Torrent is about 19,000 cal yr BP based on the pooled mean of four radiocarbon ages of tundra plant stems and leaves from the Oswego channel complex (median probability = 18,930 cal yr BP, σ1 range, 18,870–18,970 cal yr BP). Analysis of recently obtained sediment cores from the middle Illinois River valley near Havana, Illinois, has revealed the bedrock surface is defended by a mantle of bouldery debris buried by 15 m of mostly slackwater lake sediment. Radiocarbon ages of needles archived in the lake sediment reveal evidence for an early lake phase that post-dates the Kankakee Torrent (18,030–17,530 cal yr BP) and a later lake phase (15,690–13,040 cal yr BP). The radiocarbon ages indicate that the deeply buried bouldery rubble was deposited by the Kankakee Torrent. Consideration of isostasy indicates that the earlier lake phase at Havana may have been associated with downward flexure of land surface in response to glacier loading. The younger lake phase was caused in part by deposition of a sediment dam (the Savanna–Deer Plain terrace) at the mouth of the Illinois River. The lake shoaled due to passing of the isostatic forebulge across the area.
Chemistry and thermodynamics of the distribution of lanthanide and actinide elements between molten LiFBeF2 and liquid bismuth solutions

Abstract Distribution coefficients (mole fraction in bismuth phase divided by mole fraction in salt phase) were determined for several lanthanide and actinide elements in molten LiFBeF2-liquid bismuth systems. Most of the data were obtained at 600°C with LiFBeF2 (66·7−33·3 mole %) as the salt phase, although some data were obtained in the temperature range 500–700°C and with LiFBeF2 (56·9−43·1 mole %). At each temperature, the distribution coefficients (DM) obeyed the relationship DM = (DLin)K′M, in which n is the valence of the element in the salt phase. With the possible exceptions of samarium and americium, the valences of the various species were generally those expected. Samarium was divalent over the range of conditions studied. A significant fraction of the americium in the salt phase was found to be in the divalent state at 600°C. Values for log K′U and log K′Pu were obtained over the temperature range of 500–700°C. These values, when used in conjunction with other information from the literature, led to the following expressions for the free energies of formation of the respective trifluorides: ΔGUF3f (kcal/mole) = −374·3 + 71·93(T/103), and + ΔGPuF3f = −394·6 + 73·35(T/103).
Hidden Information In Early Visual Processing

A definition of scale-specific structure follows from the work of Marr and Poggio on zero-crossings in gaussian-bandpass-filtered images. This paper presents several examples which illustrate the potential value of scale-specific structure for recognition, inspection, and correspondence related tasks. The suitability of the approach for practical systems is discussed, and a recent result suggesting the importance of this "hidden" information to human stereo vision is presented.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Rethinking the disclosure debates: a situational analysis of the multiple meanings of human biomonitoring data

This article examines recent debates in the USA regarding the communication of personal ‘human biomonitoring’ data to research participants. Biomonitoring is a technique used to measure environmental chemicals, their metabolites, and/or byproducts in human fluids and tissues. Though first used in occupational settings in the early twentieth century, the tools and techniques used in biomonitoring have been substantially refined in recent decades, resulting in the production of a progressively large volume of human exposure data. While the use of biomonitoring has shed new light on human exposures to a wide array of chemicals ranging from pesticides to plasticizers, it has also raised new scientific, social, and ethical questions. Among these is whether or not researchers are obligated to provide research participants with personal data in light of the considerable uncertainties that currently surround the interpretation of these data: health implications are typically unknown and measured chemical concentr...
Entomopathogenic fungal infection (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) affects water relations of the german cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)

Abstract 1. 1. The total body water, lipid content, and cuticular permeability of fungus infected and uninfected German cockroaches, Blattella germanica, were examined. 2. 2. Infected adult cockroaches weighed less and had significantly more body water than did uninfected specimens of the same size. 3. 3. Uninfected medium-size nymphs weighed significantly more than infected nymphs, but there was no difference in body size between infected and uninfected small nymphs. 4. 4. Cuticular permeability and lipid content of infected and uninfected cockroaches was not significantly different. 5. 5. Sequestering of water by the fungal cells is discussed as a possible factor in the pathology of this fungal parasite.
The Connective Tissue Fibers of the Marginal Gingiva

Horizontal serial sections of human, mon­ key and rat jaws reveal a compact band of connective tissue encircling the teeth within the marginal gingiva. This cir­ cumferential band is seen in normal tis­ sue of the three species. The purpose of this presentation is to describe this con­ nective tissue band and discuss its func­ tion. The circular band is best seen in hori­ zontal sections of healthy submucosa un­ derlying the epithelium of the margin of the gum. It is composed of many con­ nective tissue cells with their closely in­ terwoven collagenous fibers forming a compact well-differentiated group. Some of the fibers are embedded in the cementum of the teeth, others in the crest of the alveolar bone, although the large majority are not attached to bone or cementum but form an encircling band within the gingival margin. R E V IE W O F L IT E R A T U R E
Obesity and mortality in the lipid research clinics program follow-up study

Using data from the Lipid Research Clinics Program for 1972-1983, the study presented here examined weight history and two indices of obesity: the body mass index (BMI) and the triceps skinfold (TSF) thickness. Cox regression analyses with and without adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors revealed a significant (p less than 0.05) quadratic association between BMI and all-causes mortality among men, but not women, after an average 8.4 years of follow-up; mortality was relatively high at both extremes of the BMI distribution. The association was stronger among smokers compared with nonsmokers, and it was apparent among male normotensives, but not hypertensives. All TSF-mortality associations and BMI associations with cancer and coronary heart disease mortality were weak and nonsignificant. Among men, per cent weight change in adulthood showed a significant inverse association with all-causes and cancer mortality. Because BMI and weight history were significantly associated with mortality after adjustment for other risk factors, they appear to be independent predictors of mortality among men.
Externalizing proneness and brain response during pre-cuing and viewing of emotional pictures

Externalizing proneness, or trait disinhibition, is a concept relevant to multiple high-impact disorders involving impulsive-aggressive behavior. Its mechanisms remain disputed: Major models posit hyperresponsive reward circuitry or heightened threat-system reactivity as sources of disinhibitory tendencies. This study evaluated alternative possibilities by examining relations between trait disinhibition and brain reactivity during preparation for and processing of affective stimuli.40 females participated in a functional neuroimaging procedure with stimuli presented in blocks containing either pleasurable or aversive pictures interspersed with neutral, with each picture preceded by a preparation signal.Preparing to view elicited activation in regions including nucleus accumbens, whereas visual regions and bilateral amygdala were activated during viewing of affective pictures. High disinhibition predicted reduced nucleus accumbens activation during preparation within pleasant/neutral picture blocks, along with enhanced amygdala reactivity during viewing of pleasant and aversive pictures. Follow-up analyses revealed that the augmented amygdala response was related to reduced preparatory activation.FINDINGS indicate that participants high in disinhibition are less able to process implicit cues and mentally prepare for upcoming stimuli, leading to limbic hyperreactivity during processing of actual stimuli. This outcome is helpful for integrating findings from studies suggesting reward-system hyperreactivity and others suggesting threat-system hyperreactivity as mechanisms for externalizing proneness. Language: en
Clostridium difficile infection in children: a comprehensive review

AbstractObjective:To provide a comprehensive review of the literature relating to Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) in the pediatric population.Methods:Two investigators conducted independent searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 31st, 2013. All databases were searched using the terms ‘Clostridium difficile infection’, ‘Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea’ ‘antibiotic associated diarrhea’, ‘C. difficile’, in combination with ‘pediatric’ and ‘paediatric’. Articles which discussed pediatric CDI were reviewed and relevant cross references also read and evaluated for inclusion. Selection bias could be a possible limitation of this approach.Findings:There is strong evidence for an increased incidence of pediatric CDI. Increasingly, the infection is being acquired from the community, often without a preceding history of antibiotic use. The severity of the disease has remained unchanged. Several medical conditions may be associated with the development of pediatric C...
PICASSO: Pervasive Information Chronicling, Access, Search, and Sharing for Organizations

Several researchers have pointed out and begun to demonstrate that it is now possible to digitize an entire lifetime of experiences into a pocket-sized storage device, and thus to create a rich and portable electronic chronicle of an individual's life and activities. This possibility has brought with it a host of significant challenges: How can the creation of these electronic chronicles be natural and effortless? How should these chronicles be organized? What kinds of navigation and search tools unleash the potential of the chronicled data allowing the user to receive and retrieve the information most relevant to their context at any time? How can such chronicles impact business organizations? How can people in organizations share chronicles and effectively combine chronicled data from different individuals in collaborative settings? Our research is beginning to address these issues with a focus on the business organizational setting. In this paper we introduce PICASSO, our work on pervasive chronicle creation and exploitation in enterprise applications. PICASSO enables the capture of rich user context (including PC/PDA interactions, audio, video, images, and location) and provides tools that enable users to search, navigate, share, and merge personal events, both from desktop computers and from mobile devices
Pretreatment imaging can be used to select imaging guidance, ultrasound alone versus CT plus ultrasound, for percutaneous renal radiofrequency ablation

OBJECTIVE. Although CT is most commonly used for guidance of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal masses, other publications have shown that ultrasound alone may be used. Therefore, we compared the complications and technical effectiveness of renal RFA guided by ultrasound alone versus combined CT and ultrasound guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively analyzed outcomes and complications of percutaneous renal RFA in two groups of patients for whom RFA was guided by either ultrasound alone (group 1) or combined CT and ultrasound (group 2). The sole factor in determining the method of guidance was preablation imaging. All other technical factors were consistent between the two groups. RESULTS. There were 28 masses in 27 patients in group 1 and 32 masses in 29 patients in group 2. There was an overall major complication rate of 3.3% (2/60). Major complications occurred equally in group 2 (3.1% [1/32]) compared with group 1 (3.6% [1/28]). Overall ablative effectiveness was 93% (26/28) in group 1 ...