cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A method of directed random mutagenesis of the yeast chromosome shows that the iso-1-cytochrome c heme ligand His18 is essential

A method to perform site-directed random mutagenesis directly in the yeast chromosomal DNA at the iso-1-cytochrome c-encoding gene locus (CYC1) is described. To test the effectiveness of the random mutagenesis procedure, the heme ligand His18 was mutated to Ala (H18A), rendering cytochrome c (Cyc) nonfunctional. Random mutagenesis was performed by transforming yeast cells with a synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) that randomizes the codon for His18. The transformed cells were then selected for reversion to a functional Cyc on selective media. Ten functional mutants were recovered, all of which had integrated the synthetic oligo. Sequencing showed that five of the recovered mutants carried the His codon, CAU, and five mutants contained the His codon, CAC. Because Arg had previously been found as a heme ligand, this mutant was produced by standard techniques and integrated into the yeast chromosome. These yeast did not produce a holo cytochrome c that was detectable by low-temperature spectroscopy. To develop a selection for nonfunctional Cyc, competent yeast (which lack the ability to synthesize tryptophan) were cotransformed with a plasmid carrying the TRP1 gene and the random oligo, and were plated on media lacking tryptophan. Of the 1200 colonies that grew, 120 tested negative for the integration of the random oligo, demonstrating that this particular selection for nonfunctional protein is not feasible. A method is thus described for directed, random mutagenesis directly in the yeast chromosome that can be used to probe structure/function relationships in Cyc. Only His can act as a heme ligand at position 18, using the functional selection described here.
Convergence of Mixed Finite-Element Approximations of a Class of Linear Boundary-Value Problems

Abstract : Convergence and general properties of mixed finite element models of a general class of boundary-value problems of the type Au + ku + f = 0, u belongs to R, and B(u - g) = 0 on boundary (R sup 1), B*(Tu - s) = 0 on boundary (R sup 2) are considered here where u = u(x) is a function defined on a bounded region R of (E sup n), boundary R is the smooth boundary of R, x is a point in R, A is a linear factorable operator, k is a positive constant, and B and B* are operators describing mixed boundary conditions on boundary R. (Author)
Work Design in Knowledge-Based Network Organizations: Facilitating Supply Chain Knowledge Flows via Network Entrepreneurship

We introduce social network theory as a way of understanding work design, which can facilitate knowledge flows in knowledge based network organizations (e.g. supply chain network). We introduce a typology of "work design network" to view work design as a strategic option of creating and recreating knowledge network; then we discuss what type of work design can facilitate more network entrepreneurial activities so that the resulting work networks can be more agile, adaptable and easy to achieve collective alignment.
Von willebrand factor increases endothelial cell adhesiveness for human mesenchymal stem cells by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

Introduction Delivered systemically or natively circulating mesenchymal stem cells accumulate in injured tissues. During homing mesenchymal stem cells adhere to endothelial cells and infiltrate underlying tissue. Previously we have shown that adhesiveness of endothelial cells for mesenchymal stem cells correlates with the inhibition of mitochondrial function of endothelial cells and secretion of von Willebrand factor. We hypothesized that von Willebrand factor is an auto/paracrine regulator of endothelial cell adhesiveness and studied the effect of von Willebrand factor on adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells to endothelial cells.
Dietary Arginine Requirement of Juvenile Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) Based on Weight Gain and Feed Efficiency

Increasing aquacultural production of red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) has prompted the determination of many of this species' nutritional requirements. However, limited information is available concerning its amino acid requirements, especially for arginine. Therefore, a feeding trial was conducted with juvenile red drum to determine their quantitative dietary requirement for arginine. Experimental diets contained 35 g crude protein/100 g from red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids. Incremental levels of arginine were added to the diets in place of a mixture of glycine and aspartic acid to maintain all diets isonitrogenous. All diets were fed in triplicate to juvenile red drum for 7 wk. Graded levels of arginine significantly (P < 0.05) affected weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio (PER) and plasma arginine levels of the fish. Based on least-squares regression of feed efficiency and PER data, the minimum requirement (+/- SEM) of red drum for arginine was estimated at 1.44 (+/- 0.15) and 1.48 (+/- 0.12) g/100 g diet (4.11 and 4.23 g/100 g dietary protein), respectively. The arginine requirements estimated from weight gain data were 1.75 (+/- 0.18) g/100 g diet or 5.0 g/100 g dietary protein. These values are similar to those reported for other carnivorous fish species.
“We Can't Get Them to Do Aggressive Work”: Chicago's Anarchists and the Eight-Hour Movement

In the last month before the Haymarket Riot, Chicago's labor movement staged two grand demonstrations as it prepared to inaugurate the Eight Hour Day on May 1. The Knights of Labor and the Trade and Labor Assembly arranged the first on April 10, the International Working Peoples' Association (IWPA) and the Central Labor Union (CLU) arranged the second, two weeks later, on Easter Sunday, April 25. The two demonstrations shared a common purpose—to rally the city's labor movement around shorter hours—but they could not have been more different.
Advances in neonatal care.

Sir .—Dr Goetzman's comments 1 on neonatal care draw a false and disturbing distinction. By suggesting that innovation is, or should be, divorced from research, he encourages the introduction of unproved technologies into the clinical arena. Unfortunately, history teaches us that premature, that is, unvalidated, use of technology in practice may have disastrous consequences. We need not look hard to find examples of how inadequate testing of medical interventions has adversely affected the lives of children: thalidomide, radiation treatment of "enlarged" lymphoid structures, and exchange transfusion for Reye's syndrome come to mind quickly. Like Dr Goetzman, I applaud the willingness of our medical and nursing colleagues to explore new approaches to vexing problems. Unlike him, however, I am wary of the entrepreneurial drive to rush new ideas into practice without serious scrutiny. In fact, it is our moral duty to prevent unnecessary harm that might arise from the unintended consequences
Determinants of Export Marketing Channel Design to Developed and Developing Countries: Exploratory Study

ABSTRACT This exploratory study is intended to analyze the differences in the organization of export marketing channels to developing and developed countries from the perspective of exporters in a developed country. Our evidence seems to suggest that despite high transaction costs, U.S. seafood exporters are not interested in vertical forward integration of the Japanese and Western European seafood distribution channels. The U.S. seafood industry is geared toward providing raw materials to foreign re-processors than exporting value added products. Thus, lack of management commitment to foreign end-users makes vertical forward integration difficult. Hence, unlike in developing countries, the choice of an efficient transaction governance structure for the U.S. seafood export business depends on factors derived from transaction cost theory and management commitment to foreign markets. The study found that resources are not a problem to U.S. seafood exporters.
Temporal Correlation of the Interference in Mobile Random Networks

In wireless networks, interference that is generated by undesired transmitters dominantly limits network performance. The correlation of node locations (in mobile or static networks) makes the interference temporally correlated. In this paper, we quantify the temporal correlation of the interference in mobile Poisson networks. More specifically, we obtain closed-form expressions for the interference correlation coefficient $\rho$ in Poisson line networks under various mobility models. When the mean speed of nodes $\bar{v}$ increases, we show that $\rho$ is asymptotically proportional to $\bar{v}^{-1}$. Moreover, multi-path fading and random MAC schemes reduce the temporal correlation of the interference. These results are extended to higher-dimensional networks.
Effect of suckling intensity on human growth hormone binding, biochemical composition and histological characteristics of ovine mammary glands

Suckling both, or only one contralateral mammary gland during 15 days postpartum was utilized to study lactogenic hormone binding to mammary microsomal membranes and quantitative mammary morphology in ewes. Binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone was specific for lactogenic hormones. Non-radiolabeled human growth hormone, ovine and bovine prolactin and human placental lactogen effectively competed with radiolabeled human growth hormone for binding sites but ovine and bovine growth hormone were completely ineffective. Specific binding of radiolabeled human growth hormone to 600 μg of membrane protein averaged 23 ± 3% in all lactating glands. Neither days postpartum nor treatment of contralateral mammary glands substantially altered hormone binding in lactating glands. Specific human growth hormone binding (6 ± 0.5%) in non-suckled glands (15 days postpartum both udder halves) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in lactating tissue but only a moderate and variable reduction in specific binding was measured in membranes from glands non-suckled for 15 days but contralateral to a suckled gland (14 ± 4%). Specific binding was approximately doubled in assays with 600 compared with 300 μg of membrane protein and the pattern of binding among variously suckled glands was not changed by treatment of membranes with 4 M MgCl2 prior to assay. Most secretory cells from all lactating glands had rounded, basally displaced nuclei, apical fat globules, secretory vesicles and abundant densely stained basal cytoplasm (ergastoplasm). Alveolar lumenal area was maximal (50% of tissue area) and stromal tissue area was minimal. After 15 days of non-suckling (both udder halves) mammary cells were engorged with lipid, ergastoplasm was reduced and nuclei were irregularly shaped and randomly displaced compared with lactating tissue. In addition, lumenal area was reduced and stromal tissue more evident. Lack of suckling for 5 days had little apparent effect on mammary cytology. Like lactogenic hormone binding, mammary tissue morphology was only moderately altered by 15 days of non-suckling when the remaining gland was suckled. RNA concentration was lowest (2.1 ± 0.3 mg/g) in mammary tissue from ewes in which neither gland was suckled for 15 days postpartum but non-suckling interval had no significant effect when contralateral glands were suckled. DNA concentration was not significantly influenced by suckling treatments. Relative lactogenic hormone binding closely corresponded to changes in cytological and biochemical indices of secretory cell function.
Analysis, simulation, and implementation of VCP: a wireless profiling

Every congestion-control protocol operating in wireless networks is potentially faced with two major challenges of performance degradation. These sources are: 1) the coupling of fairness and efficiency; and 2) not properly differentiating between congestion-caused loss associated with network buffering and error-caused loss associated with fading effects. In this paper, we provide a Variable-structure Congestion-control Protocol (VCP)-based cross-layer framework of congestion control that can address both challenges noted. As a part of our framework, we introduce a loss differentiation heuristic algorithm that can be used with a variety of congestion-control protocols. Then, using analysis, simulation, implementation, and emulation, we profile the performance of a number of congestion-control alternatives in wireless networks. We describe the first implementation of VCP as a collection of loadable kernel modules along with fine-tuned implementations of XCP and TCP / AQM + ECN in Linux. We utilize NS2 as our simulation tool and a wired Linux testbed emulating wireless link effects as our experimental tool. We implement a finite-state Markov chain in both NS2 and our testbed in order to model error-caused loss over wireless links. We further use link-layer forward error correction (FEC) codes on a per-packet basis to compensate against such loss. Our profiling results demonstrate that VCP equipped with our loss differentiation heuristic and link-layer FEC represents a well-performing yet practical alternative of wireless congestion control. We also identify some of the shortcomings of VCP, including its oscillatory behavior in the presence of link estimation errors and poor fairness characteristic in multibottleneck networks.
Nitrate induction of root hydraulic conductivity in maize is not correlated with aquaporin expression

Some plant species can increase the mass flow of water from the soil to the root surface in response to the appearance of nitrate in the rhizosphere by increasing root hydraulic conductivity. Such behavior can be seen as a powerful strategy to facilitate the uptake of nitrate in the patchy and dynamically changing soil environment. Despite the significance of such behavior, little is known about the dynamics and mechanism of this phenomenon. Here we examine root hydraulic response of nitrate starved Zea mays (L.) plants after a sudden exposure to 5 mM NO3 − solution. In all cases the treatment resulted in a significant increase in pressure-induced (pressure gradient ~ 0.2 MPa) flow across the root system by ~50% within 4 h. Changes in osmotic gradient across the root were approximately 0.016 MPa (or 8.5%) and thus the results could only be explained by a true change in root hydraulic conductance. Anoxia treatment significantly reduced the effect of nitrate on xylem root hydraulic conductivity indicating an important role for aquaporins in this process. Despite a 1 h delay in the hydraulic response to nitrate treatment, we did not detect any change in the expression of six ZmPIP1 and seven ZmPIP2 genes, strongly suggesting that NO3 − ions regulate root hydraulics at the protein level. Treatments with sodium tungstate (nitrate reductase inhibitor) aimed at resolving the information pathway regulating root hydraulic properties resulted in unexpected findings. Although this treatment blocked nitrate reductase activity and eliminated the nitrate-induced hydraulic response, it also produced changes in gene expression and nitrate uptake levels, precluding us from suggesting that nitrate acts on root hydraulic properties via the products of nitrate reductase.
Evaluation of Novel Ball-Tip Holmium Laser Fiber: Impact on Ureteroscope Performance and Fragmentation Efficiency

Abstract Purpose: A novel ball tip (BT) holmium laser fiber has recently been developed, which features a modified rounded tip. The modification is purported to aid in insertion and minimize damage to the ureteroscope working channel. We evaluated this laser fiber with regard to stone comminution, tip degradation, insertional force into the ureteroscope, and impact on ureteroscope deflection. Materials and Methods: A 242 μm BT fiber and a standard flat tip (SF) fiber were compared. Four kilojoules was delivered to a BegoStone over a constant surface area using settings of 0.2/50, 0.6/6, 0.8/8, and 1 J/10 Hz. Fiber tip degradation was measured at 1 and 4 kJ. Ureteroscope deflection was measured with the Olympus URF-P5, URF-P6, and URF-V. Insertion force into a 270° angled ureteroscope sheath model was measured. Results: A sample size of five fibers was used for each comminution energy setting. Comminution increased with pulse energy without significant difference between fibers. No significant differences ...
Combining BACE1 Inhibition with Metal Chelation as Possible Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

A complex disease such as Alzheimer’s requires an arsenal of therapies to help combat and stabilize its advancement. Despite considerable scientific progress, current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s treatment offer only limited and transient benefits to patients. Therefore, in response to the molecular complexity of this disease, a new strategy has recently emerged aimed at simultaneously targeting multiple pathological processes involved in the pathogenesis cascade. β-secretase plays a critical role in β-amyloid formation, a major constituent of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain and is likely to play a central role in the pathogenesis of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Thus, β-secretase is a prime drug target for the therapeutic inhibition of β-amyloid production in AD. It has been clearly established in a number of studies that metal ions are critically involved in the pathogenesis and progression of major neurological diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's). Metal ion chelators have been suggested as potential therapies for diseases involving metal ion imbalance. This chapter summarizes the current therapeutic strategies based on the β-secretase inhibition, metal chelation and their combination to treat AD.
Does Right Lower Quadrant Abdominal Ultrasound Accurately Identify Perforation in Pediatric Acute Appendicitis

Abstract Background Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen in pediatric emergency department (ED) visits, and right lower quadrant abdominal ultrasound (RLQUS) is a valuable diagnostic tool in the clinical approach. The utility of ultrasound in predicting perforation has not been well-defined. Objectives We sought to determine the sensitivity of RLQUS to identify perforation in pediatric patients with appendicitis. Methods A chart review of all patients 3 to 21 years of age who received a radiographic work-up and who were ultimately diagnosed with perforated appendicitis between 2010 and 2013 at a pediatric ED was conducted. The final read for ultrasonography was compared to either the operative diagnosis, surgical pathology diagnosis, or further imaging results (if the patient was managed nonoperatively). Test characteristics were calculated for the identification of appendicitis and identification of perforation. Results Of the 539 patients evaluated for appendicitis, 144 (26.7%) patients had appendicitis, and 40 of these (27.8%) were perforated. Thirty-nine had RLQUS performed as part of their evaluation. Of these, 28 had positive findings for appendicitis, and 9 were read as definite or possible perforated appendicitis. The sensitivity of RLQUS for the diagnosis of appendicitis in the group with perforation was 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 59.4–89%) and the sensitivity for diagnosing a perforation was 23.1% (95% CI, 11.1–39.3%). Conclusion There was a low rate of detection of perforation by RLQUS in our pediatric population. If larger studies confirm this, additional imaging should be recommended in patients with a high suspicion of perforation and in whom a diagnosis of perforation would change management.
Physiologic effects of continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices.

Abstract Background Within the past 10 years, continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have replaced pulsatile-flow LVADs as the standard of care for both destination therapy and bridging patients to heart transplantation. Despite the rapid clinical adoption of continuous-flow LVADs, an understanding of the effects of continuous-flow physiology, as opposed to more natural pulsatile-flow physiology, is still evolving. Materials and methods A thorough review of the relevant scientific literature regarding the physiological and clinical effects of continuous-flow physiology was performed. These effects were analyzed on an organ system basis and include an evaluation of the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, neurologic, immunologic, and endocrine systems. Results Continuous-flow physiology is, generally speaking, well tolerated over the long term. However, several changes are manifest at the organ system level. Although many of these changes are without appreciable clinical significance, other changes, such as an increased rate of gastrointestinal bleeding, appear to be associated with continuous-flow physiology. Conclusions Continuous-flow LVADs confer a significant advantage over their pulsatile-flow counterparts with regard to size and durability. From a physiological standpoint, continuous-flow physiology has limited clinical effects at the organ system level. Although improved over previous generations, challenges with this technology remain. Approaching these problems with a combination of clinical and engineering solutions may be needed to achieve continued progression in the field of durable mechanical circulatory support.
A Review of "Rightsizing the Academic Library Collection"

Whenever the terms “weeding,” “deselecting,” “withdrawing,” or “discarding” come up in library conversations, they are often perceived as dirty words. They carry with them political, social, and ps...
Effects of Background Contrast on Visual Attraction and Orientation of Tabanus nigrovittatus (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Effect of background contrast on attraction of host-seeking Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart was examined using small test panels against large background panels. Attraction of T. nigrovittatus to gray test panels was significantly greater when contrast against gray background panels was highest. Maximum numbers were attracted to high-intensity blue test panels against low-intensity gray backgrounds and low-intensity saturated blue panels against all-gray backgrounds regardless of intensity. The latter indicates the attractive effect of hue independent of intensity. Flies collected on test and background panels were clumped on the test panel (32.6%), along the boundary of the test panel and the background panel (59.9%), and from 15.2 to 38.0 cm above ground level (85%). Direct observation revealed that 60% of the flies approaching the panel landed and all did so below the height of initial approach. Only 20% landed immediately; the remainder flew past the panel first, then returned. The majority of flies (85.5%) approached panels at 30.4–53.2 cm above ground level.
Landscape ecology of arboviruses in southern California: Patterns in the epizootic dissemination of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses in Coachella Valley, 1991-1992

Temporal and spatial patterns in the initiation and dissemination of western equine encephalomyelitis and St. Louis encephalitis virus activity in Coachella Valley during 1991 and 1992 were detected by testing pools of host-seeking Culex tarsalis Coquillett for virus infection and sentinel chickens for seroconversions. Both viruses repeatedly were detected first at a salt marsh adjacent to the Salton Sea in the southeastern corner of the study area and then disseminated to the northwest to freshwater marsh, agricultural, and residential habitats. Virus dissemination was relatively slow (< 1 km/d) and may have been accomplished by dispersive host-seeking mosquitoes. Repeated early-season recovery of virus activity indicated that both viruses may persist interseasonally in salt marsh habitat.
Technical Reports - FY16 Q1 - October-December 2015

Recent experiments have demonstrated that the frequency dependence of motional heating rates in ion traps can vary dramatically with temperature.1-6 More specifically, it has been shown that, at temperatures below roughly 70 K, heating rates are substantially lower than those observed at temperatures above 70 K.1,2 These observations, combined with experiments that show that ion bombardment may also reduce heating rates,4,5 suggest that one potential source of heating may be the presence of unwanted adatoms on trap surfaces. Based upon this evidence, this past quarter, we have used our previously detailed microscopic model of anomalous heating to study which adatoms may be responsible for the observed temperature-dependent scaling of motional heating rates with frequency. We have also examined the validity of one of the key assumptions in our model - that surface adatom dipoles can be accurately obtained from a variational ansatz - by using more direct DFT calculations of the dipole moments. Our current results suggest that the adatoms potentially responsible for the observed motional heating rates should bind weakly to the electrode surface and likely have a mass that exceeds that of Ne. Preliminary DFT calculations suggest that an analytical adatom dipole model,9 previously used in the ionmore » trap noise literature7 to obtain the dipole as a function of adatom-surface distance, may be insufficiently accurate. Therefore, we are working toward obtaining a tabulation of the distance-dependent dipole for several adsorbates using first principles calculations for more accurate input to the heating model. The accurate calculation of the adatom dipole is important because its fluctuation is what couples to and heats the trapped ion qubit. Future work will focus on calculating the frequency spectra of a variety of hydrocarbons, which should have the binding characteristics identified below as necessary for reproducing experimental results. Upcoming efforts will moreover be directed toward deriving an improved microscopic model of heating which will enable direct comparisons of heating rates with measured ion-surface distances and will more accurately account for experimental parameters such as the trapping frequency, ion-electrode distance, and RF power applied to the electrodes.« less
Film Award Choices Critics and the Academy

Three sources—domain experts, consumers, and professional film critics—engage in the recognition and validation of cinematic excellence. Each signals its approbation with awards, ratings, reviews, ...
Chapter 18 - A Framework for Decision Making in Couples across Adulthood

We present a framework for decision making in couples that organizes the literature on how intimate partners across the life span make a variety of decisions together (e.g., consumer, medical, retirement). The framework illustrates how couples move in and out of individualistic and dyadic processes as they identify that a decision needs to be made, gather information relevant to the decision, make the decision, and cope with post-decision processes, such as regret or satisfaction. The framework identifies how individual characteristics, decision context, and other social partners affect the degree to which couples engage in dyadic decision making and the quality of those processes. Research on decision making in couples is at an early stage of development, with numerous directions for future research. We describe avenues for research that will move the field forward to understand how dyads can optimize decision making across the life span.
Three Emergent Migrations: An Epochal Change

New types of migratory flows are emerging, and they should not be confused with long established ones. Examining migrant flows at their outset allows us to better understand the complex dynamics behind them. They tell us something about a larger mix of conditions that will only continue to grow, from new types of war and violence to massive losses of habitat. They invite us to recognise these larger structural conditions rather than just the existence of these flows themselves. Here Saskia Sassen analyses three new, and each very different, migrant flows, specifically: (1) unaccompanied minors from Central America that head to the United States of America; (2) the surge in Rohingyas, a muslim minority fleeing from Myanmar; and (3) the migration towards Europe originating mostly in Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and several African countries, notably Eritrea and Somalia. While often it is households that play the crucial role in producing an economic calculus that allocates particular family members to the migration option, Sassen notes that these flows are different. They emerge from sharply delineated conditions operating, respectively, at the city level, at the regional level, and at a global geopolitical level.
Developing imaging capabilities of multi-channel detectors comparable to traditional x-ray detector technology for industrial and security applications

This work will investigate the imaging capabilities of the Multix multi-channel linear array detector and its potential suitability for big-data industrial and security applications versus that which is currently deployed. Multi-channel imaging data holds huge promise in not only finer resolution in materials classification, but also in materials identification and elevated data quality for various radiography and computed tomography applications. The potential pitfall is the signal quality contained within individual channels as well as the required exposure and acquisition time necessary to obtain images comparable to those of traditional configurations. This work will present results of these detector technologies as they pertain to a subset of materials of interest to the industrial and security communities; namely, water, copper, lead, polyethylene, and tin.
Neuroscience Implications of Using Hypnoanalysis: Two Case Studies

Neuroscience is providing growing evidence that psychopathology is related to neural integration and amygdala-based implicit memories. Understanding the brain provides psychotherapists a guide for treatment, and neuroscience points to hypnosis as a potent treatment tool. Hypnosis affects functional areas of the brain, including the amygdaloid memory system and neural integration. Hypnosis in itself is not curative. Neuroscience, more recent psychotherapy models, and modern understandings of hypnoanalysis appear to confirm Freud’s early observations of hypnosis effectiveness and, for his objection that hypnosis works well for some clients but not for others, explain why. Neuroscience’s understanding of the development of psychopathology and psychotherapy models give us tools and models Freud did not have. Using age regression (abreaction) in hypnosis in the context of psychotherapy appear to provide direct access to amygdala-based implicit memories during which the content of implicit memories can be explored for the unconscious meaning and for the responses conditioned during traumatic events. With the skilled use of psychotherapy treatment models while a client is in hypnosis, new patterns can be created through neurologically vividly experiences. These vivid experiences create new, reconditioned patterns that appear to reflect direct changes in the amygdala-based implicit memories and neural integration, evidenced by clients’ new, automatic responses in previously difficult circumstances. Two case studies illustrate the use of Ego Psychology, Self Psychology, Attachment and Narrative psychotherapy models during hypnotic age regressions to disconnect stimulus-response patterns in a phobia client and provide vivid experiences of attachment and guidance for a borderline client. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normalni tabulka"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Regional citrate anticoagulation with calcium replacement in pediatric apheresis.

PURPOSE The objective of this retrospective analysis was to present our single-center experience with intravenous (IV) calcium replacement and regional citrate anticoagulation in pediatric apheresis therapy with the aim of developing a standard operating procedure to minimize symptomatic hypocalcemia. METHODS We analyzed apheresis procedures in patients <18 years of age over a 2-year time period (Jan 2012 to Dec 2014). Procedures in tandem with other extracorporeal therapies, including continuous renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal liver support, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, were excluded. RESULTS Two-hundred and six patients underwent 1176 procedures. All procedures were performed with acid citrate dextrose formula A (ACD-A) for anticoagulation and IV calcium replacement. The majority of procedures (56.7%) were therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The average rate of IV calcium chloride (2.16 mg/mL of elemental calcium) was 60.4 ± 21.4 mL/h while inlet flow rate was 43.7 ± 16.3 mL/min. Patients experienced hypocalcemia in 63 of 1176 procedures (5.3%), including 48 episodes (4.1%) of hypocalcemia during apheresis treatment. Two procedures with hypocalcemia had symptoms: one slight lip twitch and one patient with abdominal pain. No hemodynamic alterations were noted in any procedure associated with hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia was seen the least with RCE. For patients with hypocalcemia prior to the apheresis session, we used a calcium infusion running at 1.6 times the inlet flow rate. CONCLUSION Running IV calcium at 1.4 times the inlet flow rate resulted in a lower incidence of hypocalcemia than reported in literature describing other approaches to apheresis. It nearly eliminated episodes of symptomatic hypocalcemia.
Pursuit of Zero Defects for National Transformation

This essay explains that the pursuit of minimum variance in all external activities is necessary but not sufficient for national transformation. External excellence is achieved with qualitative initiatives such as six sigma but minimum variance in external activities cannot be achieved when the internal excellence is inadequate. Combine the two and the performance zooms. The scientific framework for national transformation is a result of the combination of the science of external excellence and the science and practices of internal excellence. The framework has broad implications for a better and a more peaceful world.
Potential biopesticides for crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) management under dryland canola production in Montana

The crucifer flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), is an economically important and dominant pest of canola (Brassica napus L) in the Northern Great Plains of the USA. The current flea beetle management strategy is based on using synthetic chemical treated seeds and if necessary, foliar spray of chemicals at canola seedlings in early spring for targeting adult population. However, there is an increasing demand for development of alternative management strategies for P. cruciferae pertaining to concerns over the development of resistance to synthetic insecticides and non-target effects on pollinators and other beneficial insects. Replicated field trials were conducted to test the efficacy of several commercially available biopesticides including Entrust® (spinosad), entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae + Barricade® (polymer gel 1%), Aza-Direct® (azadirachtin), Pyganic 1.4® EC (pyrethrin), Grandevo® SC (Chromobacterium subtsugae), Venerate® XC (Heat killed Burkholderia sp. strain A396 as seed treatment and foliar application) and Gaucho® (imidacloprid) (chemical check) for the P. cruciferae management at two locations (Conrad and Sweetgrass) of Montana in 2016. Biopesticide products were evaluated based on canola leaf area injury ratings and seed yield levels. Although, there was no clear trend of canola yield increase, selected biopesticide treatments were effective in maintaining low leaf area injury ratings as compared to untreated control. Entrust was able to maintain low leaf area injury ratings (8.5–14.5%) when compared to untreated control (16.0–21.4%) at both the locations. Entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae + Barricade® and Venerate® applied as foliar treatments maintained significantly lower feeding injury pressure at Sweetgrass (11.8%) and Conrad (13.4%) locations respectively, when compared to the untreated control. Our study results suggest that these biopesticide treatment results were comparable in efficacy to the chemical seed treatment Gaucho®. Other two biopesticide products- Aza-Direct® and Pyganic 1.4® EC treatments did not provide effective control of P. cruciferae at both the locations.
Genome comparison implies the role of Wsm2 in membrane trafficking and protein degradation

Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) causes streak mosaic disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and has been an important constraint limiting wheat production in many regions around the world. Wsm2 is the only resistance gene discovered in wheat genome and has been located in a short genomic region of its chromosome 3B. However, the sequence nature and the biological function of Wsm2 remain unknown due to the difficulty of genetic manipulation in wheat. In this study, we tested WSMV infectivity among wheat and its two closely related grass species, rice (Oryza sativa) and Brachypodium distachyon. Based on the phenotypic result and previous genomic studies, we developed a novel bioinformatics pipeline for interpreting a potential biological function of Wsm2 and its ancestor locus in wheat. In the WSMV resistance tests, we found that rice has a WMSV resistance gene while Brachypodium does not, which allowed us to hypothesize the presence of a Wsm2 ortholog in rice. Our OrthoMCL analysis of protein coding genes on wheat chromosome 3B and its syntenic chromosomes in rice and Brachypodium discovered 4,035 OrthoMCL groups as preliminary candidates of Wsm2 orthologs. Given that Wsm2 is likely duplicated through an intrachromosomal illegitimate recombination and that Wsm2 is dominant, we inferred that this new WSMV-resistance gene acquired an activation domain, lost an inhibition domain, or gained high expression compared to its ancestor locus. Through comparison, we identified that 67, 16, and 10 out of 4,035 OrthoMCL orthologous groups contain a rice member with 25% shorter or longer in length, or 10 fold more expression, respectively, than those from wheat and Brachypodium. Taken together, we predicted a total of 93 good candidates for a Wsm2 ancestor locus. All of these 93 candidates are not tightly linked with Wsm2, indicative of the role of illegitimate recombination in the birth of Wsm2. Further sequence analysis suggests that the protein products of Wsm2 may combat WSMV disease through a molecular mechanism involving protein degradation and/or membrane trafficking. The 93 putative Wsm2 ancestor loci discovered in this study could serve as good candidates for future genetic isolation of the true Wsm2 locus.
Patients with end-stage renal disease have poor outcomes after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective: Although endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) has been demonstrated to have favorable outcomes, not all cohorts of patients with AAA fare equally well. Our goal was to investigate perioperative and 1-year outcomes in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, who have traditionally fared worse after vascular interventions, to assess how ESRD affects outcomes in a large modern cohort of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) patients. Methods: The Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for all patients undergoing EVAR from 2010 to 2017. ESRD patients were compared with patients not on dialysis. Propensity-matched scoring and multivariable analysis were used to isolate the effects of ESRD. Results: Of 28,683 EVARs identified, there were 321 (1.12%) patients with ESRD on dialysis. Patients with ESRD had no difference in presenting AAA size (57.5 ± 12.7 mm vs 56.7 ± 17.2 mm; P = .44); however, they had more urgent/emergent repairs (20.6% vs 13.6%; P = .002) than those without ESRD. ESRD patients were more often younger, nonwhite, and nonobese and less likely to have commercial insurance (P < .05). ESRD patients more often had hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, previous lower extremity bypass, aneurysm repair, and carotid interventions (P < .05). There was no difference in the rate of concomitant procedures. Matching based on demographics, comorbidities, and operative details showed that ESRD patients had longer hospital length of stay (4.8 ± 9.4 days vs 4.1 ± 12.6 days; P = .026) and higher 30-day mortality (7% vs 2.4%; P < .001). There was no difference in cardiac, pulmonary, lower extremity, bowel, and stroke complications or return to the operating room. On multivariable analysis, ESRD was associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 4.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.6-6.7; P < .001). Of the 24,750 elective EVARs, 1.04% had ESRD on dialysis. Matched data for elective EVAR show increased postoperative length of stay, hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality for ESRD patients on dialysis compared with those who are not. There was no association with postoperative myocardial infarction or pulmonary complications. At 1 year, patients with ESRD on dialysis had worse survival (78% vs 94%; P < .001), and ESRD was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-4.2; P < .001). Conclusions: Among patients undergoing EVAR, ESRD is independently associated with higher perioperative and 1-year mortality despite not being associated with higher postoperative complications. This should be taken into account during informed consent for EVAR and risk-benefit considerations in this high-risk population, particularly for elective repair.
Absorption–dispersion in a three-level electromagnetically induced transparency medium including near dipole–dipole interaction effects

Abstract Dynamical evolution and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is investigated here in a three-level λ -type atomic system including near-dipole–dipole interaction among atoms. The system is driven by the probe and coupling fields. Exact numerical solutions under steady-state condition are given for the density operator equation to get information about population in various levels and the linear susceptibility of probe-transition. Also, obtained are the closed form expressions for linear and third order non-linear susceptibilities for the probe transition under perturbation approximation.
Highly destructive perianal Crohn's disease

This article reports a case of highly destructive perianal Crohn's disease in a 15-year-old boy who presented with fecal impaction and incontinence. Both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy were unrevealing. Treatment with intravenous prednisolone and broad-spectrum antibiotics supplemented by enteral feeding with an elemental diet resulted in prompt recovery. However, healing of his perianal lesions began only after a diverting colostomy. Awareness of this uncommon entity is important because prompt recognition can lead to early institution of appropriate treatment and avoid further morbidity.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems

Advances in epitaxial technologies and fine-line lithography have made possible the fabrication of low-dimensional semiconductor structures with controlled degrees of vertical and lateral confinement1-7. When it was suggested that the reduced degrees of freedom in quasi-one dimensional (1D) systems may lead to a suppression of elastic scattering and a subsequent enhancement in the carrier mobility’9, intense research activity was stimulated to investigate the prospect for high performance device applications10. Mesoscopic structures such as quantum rings and wires have been purposely designed to evidence a wide vari-ety of new phenomena ranging from universal conductance fluctuations’, 12 and quantum interferences13-16 to the Aharanov-Bohm effect17, 18. In addition, quantum wire-based lasers have recently been fabricated using novel techniques for achieving transverse confinement by direct growth on vicinal GaAs substrates’, 19, 20 Meanwhile, the observation of Shubnikov-de-Haas type oscillations in the transconductance of an array of electrostatically confined quantum wires has confirmed the existence of 1D quantized subbands above the liquid nitrogen temperature21. Normal device operation, however, requires a room temperature environment and voltage biases significantly higher than those needed to observe quantum interference phenomena. While transverse quantization can be maintained over a wide temperature range, it is doubtful that the long-range phase-coherence causing quantum interference effects can be preserved in the presence of inherent dissipative mechanisms; confined p,rticle transport appears more realistic. The latter phenomenon can be described in terms of semi-classical scattering theory in analogy with longitudinal magnetotransport22.
Trajectory Planning for Quadrotor Swarms

We describe a method for multirobot trajectory planning in known, obstacle-rich environments. We demonstrate our approach on a quadrotor swarm navigating in a warehouse setting. Our method consists of following three stages: 1) roadmap generation that generates sparse roadmaps annotated with possible interrobot collisions; 2) discrete planning that finds valid execution schedules in discrete time and space; 3) continuous refinement that creates smooth trajectories. We account for the downwash effect of quadrotors, allowing safe flight in dense formations. We demonstrate computational efficiency in simulation with up to 200 robots and physical plausibility with an experiment on 32 nano-quadrotors. Our approach can compute safe and smooth trajectories for hundreds of quadrotors in dense environments with obstacles in a few minutes.
Naive theories in earth science among Korean students in grades six, eight and ten

Naive theories of gravity, the day/night cycle, the phases of the Moon, and the change in seasons in earth science were investigated among Korean students. Forty-nine 6th-grade students, fifty-three 8th-grade students, and forty-nine 10th-grade students responded to the open-ended written questions (INTTES). Student responses were classified as indicators of Scientific Models, Naive Models, or ""No"" Models. The incidence of naive theories were compared by Grade Level and by Achievement Level. In order to explore how student responses to open-ended written questions compared to those from the interviews, fifteen of these same students were interviewed. This study also explored the sources of naive theories as perceived by students. Naive theories were found to persist across Grade Levels including high school level students. Students at all three Grade Levels and all Achievement Levels tend to hold Scientific Models and not Naive Models related to gravity and the day/night cycle. For the phases of the Moon and change in seasons, more students at each Grade Level and each Achievement Level tend to hold Naive Models and not Scientific Models. Teachers were listed most frequently as the sources of their naive theories by students. The results from the interviews and the INTTES instrument were extremely consistent. The results suggest that teachers should identify students' theories of natural phenomena in earth science so that they can develop teaching strategies and specific activities and materials to help students overcome their naive theories in favor of scientific theories to explain natural phenomena. Textbook publishers and curriculum developers should consider these findings in designing curricula