cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are autoregressive models sensitive to initial conditions

The answer is, it depends. If the poles of the autoregressive (AR) model all lie inside the unit circle on the complex z-plane, then it is not sensitive to the initial condition. Otherwise, it will be. The question in the title arises from a discussion between Gray and Woodward [1992] and Tsonis [1991, 1992] concerning the sensitivity of climate models to initial conditions. It is an interesting, well-posed mathematical question which, unfortunately, was not treated mathematically in their comments. The answer given above is closely related to whether the AR process is stationary or minimum-phase; here I would like to offer a simple, analytic, intuitively clear proof, the essence of which can be traced back to a work by Prony [1795], which has been known for nearly 200 years.
Effects of calving-related disorders on prostaglandin, calcium, ovarian activity and uterine involution in postrartum dairy cows.

Abstract Postpartum ovarian activity, uterine involution and plasma concentrations of calcium and 15-keto-13, 14 dihydro-prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) were assessed in dairy cows with retained fetal membranes (n=10) and milk fever (n=10) at parturition. In addition, calcium and PGFM were evaluated in dairy cows affected with uterine prolapse (n=10) and pyometra (n=14). Cows with retained fetal membrane averaged 24.2±3.7 d until their first postpartum ovulation, while controls averaged 29.0±3.7 d (P>0.10). In cows with retained fetal membranes, the difference in follicular activity between the contralateral and ipsilateral ovaries in relation to the previously gravid uterine horn was appreciably greater post partum when compared with that of the controls. Cows with milk fever had an average of 30.8±3.1 d until their first postpartum ovulation, while control cows had an average of 20.4±3.3 d (P 138.1±15.2).
Autophagy and pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity

Autophagy is a physiologically and immunologically controlled intracellular homeostatic pathway that sequesters and degrades cytoplasmic targets including macromolecular aggregates, cellular organelles such as mitochondria, and whole microbes or their products. Recent advances show that autophagy plays a role in innate immunity in several ways: (i) direct elimination of intracellular microbes by digestion in autolysosomes, (ii) delivery of cytosolic microbial products to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in a process referred to as topological inversion, and (iii) as an antimicrobial effector of Toll-like receptors and other PRR signaling. Autophagy eliminates pathogens in vitro and in vivo but, when aberrant due to mutations, contributes to human inflammatory disorders such as Crohn's disease. In this review, we examine these relationships and propose that autophagy is one of the most ancient innate immune defenses that has possibly evolved at the time of α-protobacteria-pre-eukaryote relationships, leading up to modern eukaryotic cell-mitochondrial symbiosis, and that during the metazoan evolution, additional layers of immunological regulation have been superimposed and integrated with this primordial innate immunity mechanism.
Automated Hierarchical Density Shaving: A Robust Automated Clustering and Visualization Framework for Large Biological Data Sets

A key application of clustering data obtained from sources such as microarrays, protein mass spectroscopy, and phylogenetic profiles is the detection of functionally related genes. Typically, only a small number of functionally related genes cluster into one or more groups, and the rest need to be ignored. For such situations, we present Automated Hierarchical Density Shaving (Auto-HDS), a framework that consists of a fast hierarchical density-based clustering algorithm and an unsupervised model selection strategy. Auto-HDS can automatically select clusters of different densities, present them in a compact hierarchy, and rank individual clusters using an innovative stability criteria. Our framework also provides a simple yet powerful 2D visualization of the hierarchy of clusters that is useful for further interactive exploration. We present results on Gasch and Lee microarray data sets to show the effectiveness of our methods. Additional results on other biological data are included in the supplemental material.
Dynamic task graph scheduling on multicore processors for performance, energy, and temperature optimization

Despite significant advancements in multicore processor technology for reducing the chip-level energy consumption, higher levels of power dissipation resulting in thermal implications and cooling costs remain as unsolved problems. Although several scheduling methods of controlling and managing the power dissipation and temperature exist, most schemes are static that are unable to adjust to the dynamic program and system changes. This paper presents dynamic method for voltage-scaling based task scheduling for simultaneous optimization of performance, energy, and temperature (PET quantities) under dynamically varying task and system conditions. Our method generates an initial set of Pareto optimal solutions utilizing a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) called SPEA-II (Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm). This set of solutions is dynamically evolved with time to minimize the deviation of PET quantities from the Pareto optimal values. We carried out extensive evaluations using several task graph benchmarks based on the data obtained from a real multicore machine. The results indicate that the proposed dynamic re-optimization achieves up to 8% improvement in PET quantities as compared to the statically selected schedule.
A two-dimensional model of the methane cycle in a sedimentary accretionary wedge

Abstract. A two-dimensional model of sediment column geophysics and geochemistry has been adapted to the problem of an accretionary wedge formation, patterned after the margin of the Juan de Fuca plate as it subducts under the North American plate. Much of the model description is given in a companion paper about the application of the model to an idealized passive margin setting; here we build on that formulation to simulate the impact of the sediment deformation, as it approaches the subduction zone, on the methane cycle. The active margin configuration of the model shares sensitivities with the passive margin configuration, in that sensitivities to organic carbon deposition and respiration kinetics, and to vertical bubble transport and redissolution in the sediment, are stronger than the sensitivity to ocean temperature. The active margin simulation shows a complex sensitivity of hydrate inventory to plate subduction velocity, with results depending strongly on the geothermal heat flux. In low heat-flux conditions, the model produces a larger inventory of hydrate per meter of coastline in the passive margin than active margin configurations. However, the local hydrate concentrations, as pore volume saturation, are higher in the active setting than in the passive, as generally observed in the field.
Proximity Effects of Plastic Laptop Covers on Radiation Characteristics of 60-GHz Antennas

This letter highlights impacts on radiation characteristics of 60-GHz antennas operated in the proximity of plastic laptop covers. A series of experiments are carried out with antennas placed under plastic laptop cover materials. Antenna peak gain attenuation through the plastic cover materials is characterized as a function of frequency, distance between antenna and cover, as well as dielectric properties of the materials. The attenuation is moderate and in the order of 2 to 4.5 dB. Diffraction occurs at the cover edges and results in nulls in the antenna radiation pattern. The direction of the nulls is aligned with the cover edges. A null corresponds to more than a 15-dB drop in the antenna gain and might result in a link failure for 60-GHz point-to-point communications.
Discrete-time frequency-shaping parametric LQ control with application to active seat suspension control

The theory of a discrete-time parametric linear quadratic (PLQ) control is extended to a class of frequency-shaped performance measures. The incorporation of frequency-dependent weighting matrices allows the emphasis or de-emphasis of the importance of the system variables being penalized over specific bands of frequencies. Results are presented for constant-gain and dynamic output feedback configurations of frequency-shaping optimal control. The resultant control is applied to the design of active seat suspension control. The active suspension maximizes ride comfort by discriminatory minimization of average whole-body absorbed power over a band of frequencies that causes the most discomfort to a human being. >
Confirmation of bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata, feeding on cucurbits

The objective of these studies was to assess the degree to which bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster), will feed on cucurbits. In 2003, we documented an infestation of C. trifurcata in a commercial pumpkin field near Rosemount, MN, USA. To evaluate C. trifurcata feeding on cucurbits, we conducted laboratory no-choice and choice test feeding studies. In the laboratory, C. trifurcata fed most heavily on cotyledon-stage cucumber plants, followed by pumpkin and squash. With soybean plants present, C. trifurcata still fed on cucumber plants. However, C. trifurcata appeared to prefer soybeans until the quality of the soybean plants was diminished through feeding damage. This is the first known report of C. trifurcata feeding on cucurbits. The pest potential of C. trifurcata in cucurbit cropping systems should be further evaluated.
Algebraic manipulation of scientific datasets

We investigate algebraic processing strategies for large numeric datasets equipped with a possibly irregular grid structure. Such datasets arise, for example, in computational simulations, observation networks, medical imaging, and 2-D and 3-D rendering. Existing approaches for manipulating these datasets are incomplete: The performance of SQL queries for manipulating large numeric datasets is not competitive with specialized tools. Database extensions for processing multidimensional discrete data can only model regular, rectilinear grids. Visualization software libraries are designed to process gridded datasets efficiently, but no algebra has been developed to simplify their use and afford optimization. Further, these libraries are data dependent - physical changes to data representation or organization break user programs. In this paper, we present an algebra of grid-fields for manipulating both regular and irregular gridded datasets, algebraic optimization techniques, and an implementation backed by experimental results. We compare our techniques to those of spatial databases and visualization software libraries, using real examples from an Environmental Observation and Forecasting System. We find that our approach can express optimized plans inaccessible to other techniques, resulting in improved performance with reduced programming effort.
Control of cellular flexible manufacturing systems

Earlier chapters described the techniques and tools available for the creation of flexible manufacturing cells and systems. A flexible manufacturing system is a collection of machines (CNC machine tools) and related processing equipment linked by automated material handling systems (robots, AGVs, conveyors etc.), typically under some form of computer control. This chapter focuses on the control aspect of such systems. At this stage it is assumed that the FMS design is completely specified, i.e. the family of parts to be produced has been determined, the machines and equipment required have been specified, tooling and fixturing requirements have been established and the layout is complete. The problem now in hand is to develop a control system that will take manufacturing plans and objectives and convert them into executable instructions for the various computers that will be used to control the system. The execution of the instructions at the various computers, and ultimately at the machines and equipment, results in the operation of the system and the production of goods.
Counting Problems on Graphs: GPU Storage and Parallel Computing Techniques

The availability and utility of large numbers of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) have enabled parallel computations using extensive multi-threading. Sequential access to global memory and contention at the size-limited shared memory have been main impediments to fully exploiting potential performance in architectures having a massive number of GPUs. We propose novel memory storage and retrieval techniques that enable parallel graph computations to overcome the above issues. More specifically, given a graph G = (V, E) and an integer k
Synchronous Hybrid E-Learning: Teaching Complex Information Systems Classes Online

An empirical analysis in the form of a pilot study was conducted to compare a complex information technology course taught in a synchronous hybrid e-learning environment with one taught in a traditional classroom. The aim of the pilot study was to explore whether virtual learning environments (VLEs) are ready for teaching complex courses. Three courses taught during the summer semester of 2006 were used for the study; the results indicate the promise of synchronous hybrid e-learning for complex courses. Self-efficacy and satisfaction were also examined, and no differences were found between students in the two learning environments. Directions for future research were proposed to further evaluate synchronous hybrid e-learning environments.
Nonexpansive immediate breast reconstruction using human acellular tissue matrix graft (AlloDerm).

Abstract:Immediate breast reconstruction has become a standard of care following mastectomy for cancer, largely due to improved esthetic and psychologic outcomes achieved with this technique. However, the current historical standards—transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstruction and e
Optimization of complex chemical plants by a gradient technique

The gradient technique and Lagrange multiplier are used to obtain the optimum of complex chemical plants. The advantage of this approach is its ability to handle nearly all types of complex stages in a natural way. This approach is used to solve a heterogeneous complex chemical process with recycle. It is shown that although there are many different iteration loops, the convergence rate is fast even with rough starting values and only 0.3 minute is needed to obtain the optimum operating conditions.
Trustworthy keyword search for regulatory-compliant records retention

Recent litigation and intense regulatory focus on secure retention of electronic records have spurred a rush to introduce Write-Once-Read-Many (WORM) storage devices for retaining business records such as electronic mail. However, simply storing records in WORM storage is insuffcient to ensure that the records are trustworthy, i.e., able to provide irrefutable proof and accurate details of past events. Specifically, some form of index is needed for timely access to the records, but unless the index is maintained securely, the records can in effect be hidden or altered, even if stored in WORM storage. In this paper, we systematically analyze the requirements for establishing a trustworthy inverted index to enable keyword-based search queries. We propose a novel scheme for effcient creation of such an index and demonstrate, through extensive simulations and experiments with an enterprise keyword search engine, that the scheme can achieve online update speeds while maintaining good query performance. In addition, we present a secure index structure for multi-keyword queries that supports insert, lookup and range queries in time logarithmic in the number of documents.
A margin-based approach to threat assessment for autonomous highway navigation

In this paper we present a new approach to the threat assessment problem for semi-autonomous and fully autonomous vehicles, based on the estimation of the control freedom afforded to a vehicle. Given sensor information available about the surrounding environment, an algorithm is described for identifying fields of safe travel through which the vehicle can safely navigate. Within each candidate field, we then characterize the level of threat, to influence autonomous navigation or driver support inputs. To characterize threat, the fields of safe travel are associated with sets of feasible trajectories generated from a lattice sampled in the vehicle's input space. A planner then computes a metric associated with available control freedom from these sampled trajectories. This method potentially allows a semi-autonomous control system to honor safe driver inputs while ensuring safe and robust navigation properties. It could also serve as an input to an autonomous decision-making layer.
Simultaneously high gravimetric and volumetric methane uptake characteristics of the metal-organic framework NU-111

We show that the MOF NU-111 exhibits equally high volumetric and gravimetric methane uptake values, both within ≈75% of the DOE targets at 300 K. Upon reducing the temperature to 270 K, the uptake increases to 0.5 g g−1 and 284 cc(STP) per cc at 65 bar. Adsorption of CO2 and H2 is also reported. Simulated isotherms are in excellent agreement with those obtained from experiments.
Quantum logic using photon-exchange interactions

Summary form only given. Nonlinear optical effects at the two-photon level are usually negligible because of the weak electric field associated with a single photon. In addition, conventional mechanisms for the production of nonlinear phase shifts require both photons to interact with the same atom, which is unlikely to occur in an ordinary medium containing a large number of atoms. Although nonlinear phase shifts of this kind can be enhanced using cavity QED or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we are investigating a new approach that is based on the use of photon-exchange interactions. In this approach, a state containing two excited atoms in the medium could have been produced in two different ways: Photon 1 may have excited atom A while photon 2 excited atom B, or photon 1 may have excited atom B while photon 2 excited atom A. Under the appropriate conditions, constructive interference between these two processes can produce a factor of two enhancement in the probability of there being two excited atoms, which in turn can produce a nonlinear phase shift if a suitable sequence of laser pulses is applied to the medium while the photons are contained within it.
A Matter of Class

In the introduction to this volume, Eileen Tamura, Caroline Eick, and Roland Sintos Coloma state that their essays “are followed by responses by educational historians, some of whom have delved into theory in their historical works, while others have not.” I would describe myself as someone who has questioned the role of theory since I first began studying educational history several decades ago, who has attempted to use theory, and who, thus, warmly welcomes this discussion.
High-perfomance patterned arrays of core-shell GaAs nanopillar solar cells with in-situ ingap passivation layer

In this work, we present nanostructured core-shell solar cells based on patterned GaAs nanopillars grown by MOCVD.[1] The patterns are photolithographically defined and center-to-center pitch, hole size and mask arrangement can be pre-determined at nanometric resolution. The inherently catalyst-free growth mode eliminates any metal (i.e. Au) diffusion into the nanopillars that could hinder the electron-hole pair extraction. The lattice-matched growth capability also avoids threading dislocations that normally act as recombination centers, worsening the leakage current in pn-junction based devices.
The diltiazem analog TA‐3090 mimics the actions of high extracellular Ca2+ on parathyroid function in dispersed bovine parathyroid cells

We previously showed that the calcium channel blocker diltiazem raises cytosolic Ca2+ and inhibits PTH release in bovine parathyroid cells. To investigate further possible mechanisms underlying these effects, we examined the effects of the more potent diltiazem analog TA-3090, which is a Ca2+ channel antagonist in vascular smooth muscle, on several aspects of the function of dispersed bovine parathyroid cells. Like diltiazem, TA-3090 (10(-6)-10(-4] produced a dose-dependent inhibition of immunoreactive PTH release at 0.5 mM Ca2+ and raised the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration by 25-50% in fura-2-loaded parathyroid cells in the presence but not in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that it activated rather than inhibited Ca2+ channels. To determine whether this compound affects other aspects of parathyroid function, we examined its effects on the inhibition of cAMP accumulation by Ca2+, a process we recently found to involve inhibition of cAMP generation by Gi through a receptorlike mechanism, which is independent of changes in cytosolic Ca2+. TA-3090 (10(-4) M) inhibited dopamine-stimulated cAMP accumulation by up to 75% (from 663 to 166 fmol per 10(5) cells), with a higher apparent potency at greater extracellular Ca2+ concentrations. Moreover, the addition of 10(-4) M TA-3090 potentiated the inhibitory effects of both Ca2+ and Mg2+, decreasing the concentration of the divalent cation necessary to produce half-maximal inhibition of cAMP accumulation by about twofold. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, however, TA-3090 had no effect on the stimulation of cAMP by dopamine or on the inhibition of dopamine-stimulated cAMP accumulation by PGF2 alpha, which also regulates cAMP via Gi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of particle-laden liquid bridges: Effects of volume fraction and wettability

Abstract The influence of particles on the dynamics and eventual rupture of stretching liquid bridges is demonstrated experimentally in a drop-forming case. To analyze the particle-scale basis for the influence of particles in this flow, a lattice Boltzmann algorithm for a three-phase system of liquid, gas, and solid particles, has been developed. This provides full coupling between particles and fluids, fluid interfacial forces, and possible entry of particles into the interface (i.e. full and partial wetting by the liquid are considered). This work details the numerical method and its validation, and presents results of the simulations and related experiments. Fully-wetting particles up to a solid volume fraction of ϕ = 0.3 monotonically increased the rupture length of liquid bridges, as seen in experiments; experimental results show that the increase continues to a maximum at ϕ ≈ 0.4 , a condition beyond the present numerical capability. Depending on the wettability and volume fraction of the particles in the liquid bridge, particles can alter the structure of the bridge at pinch-off, suppress satellite drops, or produce asymmetrical pendant/sessile suspension drops as a result of their discrete nature. Particles with a neutrally wetting contact angle ( θ = 90 ° ) can reside in the bulk or be immersed in the interface if fluid deformation brings them into contact with it, and capillary forces are found to bring the interfacial particles near the narrow region (or “throat”) of the bridge prior to rupture. Fully wetting particles ( θ ≈ 0 ° ) remained interior to the liquid bridge, leaving less space to escape the throat region. Neutrally wetting particles increased the rupture length and altered the pinch-off structure relative to the particle-free case, but less so than fully wetting particles.
Resonance of Beams Due to Cyclic Moving Loads

An analysis is presented for determining the conditions of resonance and the dynamic response of a simply supported beam subjected to a moving point load of variable magnitude \IP\N cos ωt oscillating longitudinally along the beam about a fixed point. In addition to ordinary resonance as produced by a variable magnitude load applied at a fixed point on an elastic body, it is shown that other interesting resonance conditions occur because of the oscillation of the force along the surface of the elastic body. The time rate of increase of the vibrational amplitude of the beam is determined numerically for two sets of initial conditions corresponding to: (1) a load initially at rest on the beam and (2) an oscillating load dropped from zero height on an initially undeformed beam. It is shown that the time rate of buildup of vibrational amplitude increases rapidly as the amplitude of longitudinal oscillation is increased for the typical examples presented.
Improving IP Geolocation using Query Logs

IP geolocation databases map IP addresses to their geographical locations. These databases are important for several applications such as local search engine relevance, credit card fraud protection, geotargetted advertising, and online content delivery. While they are the most popular method of geolocation, they can have low accuracy at the city level. In this paper we evaluate and improve IP geolocation databases using data collected from search engine logs. We generate a large ground-truth dataset using real time global positioning data extracted from search engine logs. We show that incorrect geolocation information can have a negative impact on implicit user metrics. Using the dataset we measure the accuracy of three state-of-the-art commercial IP geolocation databases. We then introduce a technique to improve existing geolocation databases by mining explicit locations from query logs. We show significant accuracy gains in 44 to 49 out of the top 50 countries, depending on the IP geolocation database. Finally, we validate the approach with a large scale A/B experiment that shows improvements in several user metrics.
Violence Victimization on a College Campus Impact on GPA and School Dropout

Violence against university students has significant impact on their mental health. The impact of violence on students’ academic performance has received little attention. The primary purpose of th...
Comparison of Some Analytical and Experimental Correlations of Axial-Flow Turbine Efficiency

The first phase of the axial-flow turbine design problem involves selection of a velocity diagram. This choice exerts an important influence on turbine efficiency. Design charts relating turbine efficiency to the velocity diagram, through a work coefficient and a flow coefficient, are therefore useful in preliminary design. In this study such design charts are constructed using two established analytical methods. The results are compared with a published correlation based on experimental data. Simple constructional methods are indicated whereby these charts can be used to obtain preliminary estimates of rotor blade stress and relative temperature, two factors influencing blade life.Copyright © 1967 by ASME
A Call for Qualitative Methods in Action: Enlisting Positionality as an Equity Tool.

This article describes how the qualitative research tradition known as positionality can be used as a method to support classroom equity. The text describes three ways teachers can use a spoken approach to positionality in their day-to-day practice. Classroom vignettes illuminate how these spoken methods of positionality can address the latency of power and privilege in 21st-century teaching and learning contexts. The didactic use of positionality to stimulate the kind of reflective student discussions associated with culturally responsive educational reform is also evidenced. Conceptual consideration of positionality methods to support classroom inclusivity for students with disabilities is suggested.
Localization of Viable Salmonella Typhimurium Internalized through the Surface of Green Onion during Preharvest

Internalization of pathogens poses a tremendous health risk in the consumption of raw fresh produce, because conventional washing cannot remove pathogens effectively after internalization occurs. We investigated (i) the pattern of Salmonella internalization in different parts of green onions when it was contaminated on their surfaces, and (ii) whether environmental factors (extreme weather) affect the extent of Salmonell a internalization. Green onions were surface contaminated with three different levels of Salmonella Typhimurium (1, 3, and 5 log CFU per green onion). Each contamination group was irrigated with three different water volumes to mimic water stress and to determine if Salmonella Typhimurium internalization was localized in different parts of the plant. The plants were collected 2 days after contamination, and surface bacteria were inactivated with ethanol and silver nitrate. The plants were then cut into two parts, upper and lower. The internalized Salmonella Typhimurium in each part was visualized and confirmed with a laser scanning confocal microscope and was quantified with the plate count method and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The results indicate that Salmonella Typhimurium can be taken up through the plant surface and transported from the upper to the lower part of the plant. The level of viable internalized Salmonella Typhimurium (plate count) was higher in the lower part than the level in the upper leafy part, especially when the leaves were contaminated with a high concentration of Salmonella (5 log CFU, P < 0.05), whereas the total internalized Salmonella Typhimurium (by qPCR) was higher in the upper part (P < 0.05) at the same contamination level. The discrepancy between these results suggests that most internalized Salmonella lost viability in the upper part but survived in the lower part. Water stress did not significantly change the extent of internalization in either location of green onion, whether detected via plate count or qPCR when the contamination occurred on the surface.
Antenna-Coupled Quantum Dot Fluorescence

Colloidal quantum dots are known to fluoresce intermittently (‘blinking’) when irradiated by laser radiation. In this paper, we investigate the effect of a nanoplasmonic antenna on the fluorescence blinking of a single quantum dot.
Optimization Design of Penetration Remote Control Rig Gear Components Based on the Finite Element Method

The paper discussed the calculation and selection of the remote control drilling rig research content and technical parameters,the overall program and control system were designed.Its power head gear parts of the mechanical transmission was modeled and did stress analysis.The test demonstrated that the design of the power head components can meet the requirements and have a certain working conditions values.
Influence of flicker characteristics on stroboscopic effects

This paper describes two human factors experiments designed to assess the influence of flicker characteristics on the perception of stroboscopic effects from flickering light. Specifically, the fol...
Inhibition or Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by Sodium Benzoate together with some Organic Acids

Tests were done to determine the fate of Listeria monocytogenes at 13 or 35°C in Tryptose Broth (TB) with and without the pH adjusted to 5.6 or 5.0 using acetic, tartaric, lactic, or citric acid and containing 0.00, 0.05, 0.15, or 0.3% sodium benzoate. The bacterium grew in all controls (free of benzoate) under all conditions except only slight growth was detected at 13°C when the pH was adjusted to 5.0 using acetic or tartaric acid. When TB was acidified with acetic or tartaric acid and incubated at 35°C, the bacterium was inactivated or inhibited under all conditions except growth occurred at pH 5.6 with 0.05 or 0.15% sodium benzoate and at pH 5.0 with 0.05% benzoate. Incubation at 13°C with the same acids in TB was accompanied by inactivation or inhibition of the bacterium at all test conditions except in the presence of 0.05% sodium benzoate and pH 5.6 obtained by added acetic acid, and in the presence of 0.05 or 0.15% benzoate when tartaric acid was used to adjust the pH to 5.6. Acidifying TB with lactic or citric acid and incubating at 35°C resulted in growth at pH 5.0 and 5.6 regardless of concentration of benzoate except 0.3% which caused inhibition or inactivation at pH 5.6 or 5.0, respectively. Incubation at 13°C with the same acids in TB resulted in inactivation or inhibition of L. monocytogenes , except growth occurred at pH 5.6 when the medium contained 0.05 or 0.15% benzoate. Slight growth was observed in the presence of 0.05% benzoate at pH 5.0 when the medium was acidified by lactic or acetic acid.
Optimal Computed Tomographic Perfusion Scan Duration for Assessment of Acute Stroke Lesion Volumes

Background and Purpose— The minimal scan duration needed to obtain reliable lesion volumes with computed tomographic perfusion (CTP) has not been well established in the literature. Methods— We retrospectively assessed the impact of gradual truncation of the scan duration on acute ischemic lesion volume measurements. For each scan, we identified its optimal scan time, defined as the shortest scan duration that yields measurements of the ischemic lesion volumes similar to those obtained with longer scanning, and the relative height of the fitted venous output function at its optimal scan time. Results— We analyzed 70 computed tomographic perfusion scans of acute stroke patients. An optimal scan time could not be determined in 11 scans (16%). For the other 59 scans, the median optimal scan time was 32.7 seconds (90th percentile 52.6 seconds; 100th percentile 68.9 seconds), and the median relative height of the fitted venous output function at the optimal scan times was 0.39 (90th percentile 0.02; 100th percentile 0.00). On the basis of a linear model, the optimal scan time was T 0 plus 1.6 times the width of the venous output function ( P R 2 =0.49). Conclusions— This study shows how the optimal duration of a computed tomographic perfusion scan relates to the arrival time and width of the contrast bolus. This knowledge can be used to optimize computed tomographic perfusion scan protocols and to determine whether a scan is of sufficient duration. Provided a baseline (T 0 ) of 10 seconds, a total scan duration of 60 to 70 seconds, which includes the entire downslope of the venous output function in most patients, is recommended.
Developing a pilot curriculum to foster humanism among graduate medical trainees

Background: Humanism is a central tenant of professionalism, a required competency for all residency programs. Yet, few residencies have formal curriculum for teaching this critical aspect of medicine. Instead, professionalism and humanism are often taught informally through role-modeling. With increased burnout, faculty professionalism may suffer and may compromise resident role-modeling. The objective of this study was to design a pilot curriculum to foster humanism in among residents and assess its ability to do so. Materials and Methods: Two-phase exploratory sequential mixed methods study. Phase 1: a qualitative analysis of residents' narratives regarding challenges to humanistic behavior, and identified themes of compassion, fatigue, communication challenges, and work-life balance. Themes used as needs assessment to build curriculum. Phase 2: three sessions with themes taken from faculty development course. Participants and controls completed baseline and 60-day follow-up questionnaires assessing burnout, compassion, satisfaction, and ability to practice psychological medicine. Phase one included Obstetrics/Gynecology and internal medicine residents. Phase two included residents from the above programs, who attended at least 2/3 interactive sessions designed to address the themes identified above. Results: Twelve participants began and ten completed curriculum (83%). The curriculum met course objectives and was well-received (4.8/5). Burnout decreased (−3.1 vs. 2.5, P = 0.048). A trend toward improved compassion (4.4 vs.−0.6, P = 0.096) for participants compared to controls was noted. Conclusion: A pilot humanism curriculum for residents was well-received. Participants showed decreased burnout and trended to improved compassion scores. Development and evaluation of an expanded curriculum would further explore feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention.
The Multiple Roles of B Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Implications in Multiple Sclerosis Therapies

Increasing evidence has suggested that both antibody-dependent and antibody-independent functions of B cells are involved in multiple sclerosis (MS). The contrasting results of distinct B-cell targeting therapies in MS patients underscores the importance of elucidating these multiple B-cell functions. In this review, we discuss the generation of autoreactive B cells, migration of B cells into the central nervous system (CNS), and how different functions of B cells may contribute to MS disease activity and potentially mitigation in both the periphery and CNS compartments. In addition, we propose several future therapeutic strategies that may better target/shape B-cell responses for long-term treatment of MS.
Exchange sex among people receiving medical care for HIV in the United States – medical monitoring project 2009–2013

Many studies of persons who exchange sex for money or drugs have focused on their HIV acquisition risk, and are often limited to select populations and/or geographical locations. National estimates of exchange sex among people living with HIV (PLWH) who are in medical care, and its correlates, are lacking. To address these gaps, we analyzed data from the Medical Monitoring Project, a surveillance system that produces nationally representative estimates of behavioral and clinical characteristics of PLWH receiving medical care in the United States, to estimate the weighted prevalence of exchange sex overall, and by selected socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical characteristics. We found 3.6% of sexually active adults reported exchange sex in the past 12 months. We found a higher prevalence of exchange sex among transgender persons, those who experienced homelessness, and those with unmet needs for social and medical services. Persons who exchanged sex were more likely to report depression and substance use than those who did not exchange sex. We found a higher prevalence of sexual behaviors that increase the risk of HIV transmission and lower viral suppression among persons who exchanged sex. PLWH who exchanged sex had a higher prevalence of not being prescribed ART, and not being ART adherent than those who did not exchange sex. We identify several areas for intervention, including: provision of or referral to services for unmet needs (such as housing or shelter), enhanced delivery of mental health and substance abuse screening and treatment, risk-reduction counseling, and ART prescription and adherence support services.
Impaired Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin Secretion, Intraluminal Dilution, and Maldigestion of Fat in Sprue

Impaired secretion of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin was identified in patients with nontropical sprue, and was attributed to mucosal damage of the small intestine. Outputs of pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder contents in response to essential amino acids in the duodenum were reduced in sprue, although gallbladder and pancreatic function were normal after intravenous cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. The effects of impaired cholecystokinin-pancreozymin secretion in sprue on the components of fat digestion were tested after administering two test meals. In early postprandial periods, pancreatic lipase and bile acid concentrations were diminished, and these abnormalities were later intensified by excessive dilution of the meal. Impairment of fat digestion was greater after the feeding of the second meal, correlated best with decreases in intraluminal bile acid concentrations and micellar lipid, rather than lipase deficiency, and may contribute to steatorrhea in some patients with sprue.
Advanced Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Sinus

One year ago an 18-year-old woman was treated for an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the right maxillary sinus which presented with unilateral proptosis and severe facial swelling associated with complete opacification of unilateral sinuses and the sphenoid. Bilateral adenopathy was palpated. A rapid complete remission was obtained after multiagent chemotherapy and then 5000 cGy was delivered to the primary and neck.
Glimpses of Ancestral Family Life

Glimpses of family life1 and society among these Ancients can be obtained from our analysis of length of life (Chapter 4). We can infer the ages of Adam and Eve when they first joined, assuming that they were Homo sapiens sapiens, and about how long they lived together before one or the other died. Whether they loved each other, whether Adam helped with the children and the housework, and similar questions we cannot answer. Some answers can be guessed. But the intimate facts that make for a bestseller romance novel are beyond the capabilities of a life table to uncover. We leave such “descriptions, deceptions, and findings” to the writers of bestsellers.
Hiding a second appearance in a physical relief surface

We present a novel information hiding process that couples geometrical modeling with automated 3D fabrication for creating hidden-appearance reliefs. Our relief surface produces a first grayscale appearance visible by simple direct illumination and a second grayscale appearance ensured to be visible when the relief is lit by a digital projector with a specifically designed pattern and from a particular direction. The two appearances/images can be different yet embedded in the same physical relief. Since the second appearance appears only on demand, it could be used to hide a second image, a company logo, or a watermark image, for instance. Our novel method calculates a relief surface that maintains the properties needed for producing a second (hidden) appearance while also ensuring the first appearance is visible under normal direct illumination. Our experiments show that our method robustly produces reliefs with two arbitrary desired appearances.
Promiscuity and public health: some clinical and ethical issues.

At the University of Kentucky Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, Medical Ethics Grand Rounds Conferences are held to discuss ethical problems underlying clinical decisions. This conference was organized by Dr. Joseph Engelberg, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, and moderated by Dr. Susan Abbott Associate Professor of Anthropology. This conference is edited by Dr. Robert C. Noble, Professor of Medicine. Parts of this report have been changed in minor ways to protect the anonymity of persons involved.
TCT-826 Effect of Allura Xpef FD10 ECO X-Ray Image Processing on Radiation Reduction During Cardiac Catheterization: A Single Center 717 Case Experience

The risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation are well known. Novel strategies have been developed to minimize radiation to the patient and cath lab personnel. We present a retrospective analysis of predominantly radial coronary cases performed from February 2017 to May 2018 by a single
An embedded systems course for cross-disciplinary research

The paper describes Embedded Systems, a new undergraduate computer science elective. While surveying a range of topics, the course focused on hands-on experimentation, collaborative work, inexpensive equipment, low-level design, and low reliance on preexisting libraries. Previously, the author supervised several cross-disciplinary undergraduate projects to construct low-cost embedded data loggers for biology researchers. The course addressed challenges faced by computer science students while building these systems. An original set of projects and laboratory exercises was created around inexpensive Arduino kits. Students developed communication links using buzzers and microphones, constructed data loggers and timers, and interfaced with a variety of sensors and displays at the bare-metal level. The course culminated with a final project where teams of students were assigned to biology and geography faculty and designed embedded solutions to aid their research. The students built monitors to track plant growth, log mouse eating habits, and constructed weather and wildlife stations that send real-time data to a cloud server.
Avoiding Pitfalls While Implementing New Guidelines on Student Documentation

The federal regulation regarding student documentation in the medical record was recently changed to allow the teaching physician to verify in the medical record any student documentation of evalua...
Quantum low probability of intercept

Conventional cryptography—such as the Rivest–Shamir–Adleman public-key infrastructure—may be rendered insecure by the ever-increasing capabilities of classical computers and the emergence of quantum computers. Quantum key distribution and post-quantum cryptography are presently being pursued as solutions to the quantum threat, but they offer no protection against an adversary who has obtained decryption keys by hacking the computer where they are stored, or by bribing a code clerk who has access to them. This paper introduces a protocol, which we call quantum low probability of intercept (QLPI), that has the potential to solve the key-disclosure problem. It transmits a ciphertext in such a way that laws of physics prevent an eavesdropper’s obtaining anything but an error-ridden version of that ciphertext from an individual attack or a restricted class of collective attacks. Consequently, even were an adversary to possess the decryption key, the plain text could not be recovered from such attacks. Furthermore, QLPI is capable of gigabits per second communication rates on optical fiber over metropolitan-area distances without space-division or wavelength-division multiplexing and without the need for any new technology.
Personality and College Student Subjective Wellbeing: A Domain-Specific Approach

Domain-specific measures of subjective wellbeing are valuable tools for assessing the mental health of college students. In this study, we examined relations between Big Five personality traits and college students’ subjective wellbeing (SWB) using a college-specific measure: The College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire. Using a latent variable modeling approach called bifactor analysis, we found that the general college wellbeing factor was best predicted by agreeableness and extraversion whereas the specific dimensions of college SWB were differentially predicted by conscientiousness and neuroticism. Specifically, conscientiousness best predicted academic satisfaction and efficacy whereas neuroticism best predicted students’ connectedness to the university. The results suggest that the profile of a flourishing college student is extraverted and agreeable. This study illustrates the methodological advantage of using a domain-specific measure of SWB and bifactor modeling to shed light on the unique relations between personality and various aspects of college students’ mental health.
Sexing the Changeling: Magic Realism and Queer Geography in the Oeuvres of Yeats and French

Mulligan continues to chart the relations among political and bodily maps by reading Tana French’s murder thrillers In the Woods and The Likeness alongside the folk-belief-based and mythically realist tendencies of W. B. Yeats’s oeuvre. His poetry and drama conflate the physical topography of Sligo, his “homeplace,” with figures of woman-as-nation to address the horrific, alienating violence of the Great War, the War for Independence, and the Irish Civil War. Yeats’s frequent retreats into this Otherworld, enabled by his socioeconomic and gender privilege, are interrogated by both the revisionist mythology of French’s novels and the historical precedent of Bridget Cleary’s burning as a changeling. Throughout French’s work and Cleary’s life, Mulligan shows that the Otherworld ceases to be a contented, safe place, becoming instead the locus of death for women who dare to violate the borders enforced by patriarchal culture.
The High-Risk Infant

High-risk infants are at increased biologic or environmental risk for developmental disabilities. Prematurity, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intrauterine growth retardation, chronic lung disease, microcephaly, exposure to drugs of abuse, and central nervous system infections are biologic risk factors. Infants at high risk should be followed closely with developmental screening and, when appropriate, enrolled in early intervention programs to maximize outcome.