cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dependence of atomic diffusion in GaAs upon experimental design

The rate of impurity diffusion in GaAs depends upon the concentration of point defects such as vacancies and interstitials. The concentration of those point defects is strongly affected by the region of the phase diagram corresponding to the chosen experimental design. Different regions of phase diagrams are used to illustrate why nominally similar experiments can lead to dramatically different results. When the equilibrium point defect concentrations can be approached in a time which is short compared to the anneal time, the measured diffusivities tend to be reproducible. However, when the point defect concentrations approach their equilibrium values over times which are long compared to the anneal time, the measured diffusivities tend to be irreproducible and time dependent. Examples of "anomalous" diffusion are discussed and shown to be associated with fundamental differences in experimental design that tend to bring the point defect concentration toward equilibrium in different regions of the phase diagram.
An extension of Khalatnikov's theory of Kapitsa thermal resistance

This paper develops a novel approach to Kapitsa thermal resistance which extends Khalatnikov's acoustic mismatch theory by inclusion of a previously excluded broad class of acoustic waves that violate the Sommerfeld radiation condition, which is essential for the theory of sound but is not relevant for the analysis of heat transport. This extension not only preserves the main ideas of Khalatnikov's theory but we show it also provides reasonable estimates of the Kapitsa resistance.
Organizational Identification: A Context‐Specific Mitigating Resource of Work–Family Conflict

The tension between work and non-work life remains a critical issue in contemporary careers. This study explores the role of organizational identification (OI) in reducing work–family conflict (WFC) within demanding and high-stakes jobs in dynamic, uncertain and potentially dangerous contexts (e.g., firefighting). Survey data from 341 firefighters suggest that, congruent with conservation of resources theory and scarcity theory, OI may serve as a resource that mitigates WFC in these contexts. Additionally, the data suggest that the negative relationship between OI and WFC is stronger when trauma is low. For practice, this study provides important implications for employees in similar contexts concerning potential ways to mitigate WFC as well as recommendations concerning exposure to trauma.
Semi-supervised learning on large complex simulations

Complex simulations can generate very large amounts of data stored disjointedly across many local disks. Learning from this data can be problematic due to the difficulty of obtaining labels for the data. We present an algorithm for the application of semi-supervised learning on disjoint data generated by complex simulations. Our semi-supervised technique shows a statistically significant accuracy improvement over supervised learning using the same underlying learning algorithm and requires less labeled data for comparable results.
When Does Contact with Successful Ingroup Members Change Self-Stereotypes? A Longitudinal Study Comparing the Effect of Quantity vs. Quality of Contact with Successful Individuals

A longitudinal study examined the relationship between contact with successful ingroup members and women's stereotypes about their own leadership abilities, career goals, and assertive behavior in class. Upon entry into college and toward the end of their sophomore year we measured (1) participants' quantity and quality of contact with successful ingroup members (female professors), (2) implicit and explicit leadership self-concept, (3) career goals, and (4) classroom behavior. Frequent contact with ingroup members predicted stronger implicit self-conceptions of leadership and more career ambitions, but only when contact experiences were of high quality rather than superficial. Quality and quantity of contact independently predicted assertive behavior. The findings suggest that changing implicit self-beliefs requires both high quality and frequent exposure to counterstereotypic individuals.
Rg as a depth discriminant for earthquakes and explosions; a case study in New England

Fundamental mode Rayleigh waves with periods between about 0.4 and 2.5 sec ( Rg ) are often observed on seismograms of explosions and very shallow-focus earthquakes. The Rg phase is particularly prominent on seismograms of quarry blasts. In this study, Rg waves generated by small earthquakes and explosions in New England are investigated to evaluate the extent to which Rg waves can be used to estimate depths of events in the upper crust. The data were recorded by the New England Seismic Network (NESN) operated by Weston Observatory. The strongest Rg signals recorded by the NESN are generally in the period range of 0.5 to 1.5 sec. In that period range, Rg displacement is essentially confined to the upper 5 km of the crust, with most of the Rg wave energy in the upper 2 or 3 km. Sources deeper than about 4 km would not be expected to generate strong Rg signals at these periods; and so, if Rg can be clearly identified on a seismogram, the source is most likely very shallow. Observed Rg waves can, therefore, be used to discriminate very shallow-focus events from deeper events, provided that Rg can be identified and distinguished from other phases. A method for identifying Rg waves at distances up to about 170 km is presented in this paper. Rg is identified and distinguished from other phases by measuring amplitudes at particular periods and arrival times using a narrow bandpass filter analysis. Rg/P and Rg/Lg ratios are estimated by forming the ratios of amplitudes in the appropriate group velocity-frequency windows on vertical component seismograms. The phase referred to as “ Lg ” is actually a complicated wave train recorded on short-period seismograms that travels with group velocities appropriate for S and Lg waves. An Rg/Lg ratio appears to be a better measure of the presence of Rg on a seismogram than an Rg/P ratio. Observed Rg/Lg ratios are used to estimate depths of two earthquakes recorded by the NESN.
Language, thought, and color: Whorf was half right

The Whorf hypothesis holds that we view the world filtered through the semantic categories of our native language. Over the years, consensus has oscillated between embrace and dismissal of this hypothesis. Here, we review recent findings on the naming and perception of color, and argue that in this semantic domain the Whorf hypothesis is half right, in two different ways: (1) language influences color perception primarily in half the visual field, and (2) color naming across languages is shaped by both universal and language-specific forces. To the extent that these findings generalize to other semantic domains they suggest a possible resolution of the debate over the Whorf hypothesis.
Harmonic decomposition methods in cumulant domains (array processing)

The authors address the bearing estimation problem of sources from array data (snapshots) in the presence of Gaussian color (spatially correlated) noises of unknown autocorrelation matrix. They demonstrate that the harmonic decomposition methods (signal and noise subspace) can easily be reformulated using fourth-order cumulant matrices instead of autocorrelations. Simulation results are presented and comparisons are made to show that the performance of the fourth-order cumulant-based methods (beamforming, MUSIC) is superior to that of their equivalent autocorrelation-based methods when the additive noise sources are colored Gaussian with unknown correlation matrix. >
Adaptive and Learning Algorithms for Seismic Detection of Personnel

This correspondence is concerned with adaptive digital processing to extract impulse-like signal features from the correlated background noise for detection of intruders with the seismic sensor data. Both the adaptive digital filtering and the adaptive Kalman filtering methods are developed and shown to perform nearly the same for a short data segment. For continued processing of a long duration seismic record, the adaptive Kalman filtering considered has better capability to learn the nonstationary data characteristics than the considered adaptive filtering and to adaptively remove the background noise. Detailed experimental results are presented. Other considerations such as the hardware implementation and the relationships among the parameters are also examined.
Three volt to five volt CMOS interface circuit device leakage limited DC power dissipation

A CMOS interface circuit from three to five volts is presented in which DC power consumption is defined by a single transistor's OFF leakage current. The interface design provides signal level translation while minimizing propagation delay and power dissipation. Typical propagation delays are on the order of 1.5 ns, with DC power dissipation less than 1 pW. The primary application of the interface is mixed voltage gate arrays with a 3.3-V core and 5.0-V I/Os. >
Isolation and characterization of light-insensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa.

ABSTRACT As part of a genetic analysis of blue light photoreception in Neurospora, three mutants were isolated that do not exhibit photosuppression of circadian conidiation, i.e. , they show periodic conidiation in constant light. The mutations have been given the designations lis-1, lis-2 and lis-3 ("light insensitive"). The three mutations segregate as single nuclear genes, are nonallelic and are recessive to wild type in heterokaryon tests. The linkage groups of the mutations are as follows: lis-1 , I; lis-2 , VI; and lis-3 , V. The light -insensitive phenotype of the mutants is restricted to the photosuppression response; other responses such as photoinduced phase shifting of the conidiation rhythm and photoinduced carotenogenesis are not altered. The physiological or biochemical defects of the mutants have not been established, but they are not similar to previous reported cases ( i.e., rib and poky ) in which a reduction in light sensitivity has been observed.
Pink Egg Discoloration with Methyl Dihydrosterculate

Abstract The formation of pink whites during storage of eggs from hens that had been fed sterculic and malvalic acid derivatives has been amply documented (reviews: Carter and Frampton, 1964; Shenstone et al., 1965; Phelps et al., 1965). Destruction of the cyclopropene ring in these compounds gave normal eggs when the treated materials were incorporated into the diets of laying hens. Although small amounts of cyclopropane derivatives had no deleterious effects on egg quality (Masson et al., 1957; Shenstone and Vickery, 1959), large quantities have never been fed to hens. Wood and Reiser (1965) fed methyl cis and trans-9, 10-methylene octadecanoate (I) to rats at a level of 0.54% of a fat free diet and observed that the cyclopropane acids are incorporated into the rat adipose tissue and are also oxidized to the 3, 4-methylene dodecanoic acids (II). Chung (1966), working with rat liver mitochondria, showed that the methylene carbon …
Effect of Local Irradiation on the Acute Rejection Process in Transplanted Kidneys

The graft in 178 renal transplant patients was irradiated in an effort to halt acute rejection phenomena. Of the patients, 61 per cent received their transplant from either a sibling, parent or child and 38 per cent received cadaveric kidneys. Of the irradiated kidneys 61 per cent were functioning at 6 months, 58 per cent at 12 months and 49 per cent at 18 months. The rational for irradiation of transplanted kidneys with acute rejection is discussed.
Vaccinology in Context: The Historical Burden of Infectious Diseases

In a 1977 article summarizing 40 years of his involvement in vaccine research, Jonas Salk, the renowned and controversial force behind the first effective polio vaccine, coined the term “vaccinology” to comprehensively describe his chosen field (Salk and Salk 1977). The term is meant to encompass the broad areas of discipline requisite for the science of vaccines: microbiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and immunology. In defining this novel branch of science, Salk recognized that vaccinology formed a nexus between medicine, public health, sociology, and biochemistry. He understood the rich history of scientific accomplishments that defined the field and formed an inextricable link with the past.
Inflammatory arthritis after failure of silicone rubber replacement of the radial head

The management of radial head fractures complicated by ligamentous disruption remains a matter of controversy. The use of a silicone radial head implant to provide temporary stability is thought to help to protect the ligaments during healing. The reported complications of long-term implantation of a silicone replacement include fracture, dislocation, synovitis, lymphadenitis and subchondral resorption. We now report one case in which an inflammatory process resulted in generalised cartilage degeneration. This has not previously been noted.
A Matter of Direction: The Reagan Administration, the Signing Statement, and Legislative History

In 1986, Attorney General Edwin Meese announced to a gathering at the National Press Club that a deal with the West Publishing Company to have the signing statement published in the United States Code, Congressional and Administrative News. The announcement mostly went unnoticed until November 1986, when the administration used the signing statement to change an important part of the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Following that event, a flurry of articles appeared in law journals assessing whether the signing statement was constitutionally permissible and whether it would influence judicial decisionmaking. Little attention was paid then, as now, regarding what influenced the unusual move in the first place. In this paper, using information gleaned from interviews with Reagan Justice Department officials as well as documents released December 2005 in preparation for the Alito confirmation hearings, I discuss what external circumstances likely influenced the decision and I dispel the argument that the primary motivation was to influence judges. Instead, the signing statement was designed first to influence executive branch agents.
Optical parametric oscillation with intracavity difference-frequency mixing

We report the theoretical analysis of an optical parametric oscillator that contains an intracavity crystal that generates the difference frequency between the signal and the idler produced by the optical parametric oscillator crystal. Phase mismatch in the difference-frequency mixer is considered. The cavity is singly resonant at the signal frequency. We find that high conversion efficiency of the difference and idler frequencies can be achieved over a large dynamic range of the incident pump intensity. A physical example that produces 3.192 μm from a 1.064-μm pump laser is predicted to produce 97.5% quantum efficiency in one polarization component and 197% quantum efficiency in the orthogonal-polarization component for a total power conversion efficiency of 98.2%.
Matrix metalloproteinase-10 is a target of T and B cell responses that correlate with synovial pathology in patients with antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis

Infection-induced autoimmunity is thought to be a contributing factor in antibiotic-refractory Lyme arthritis, but studies of autoimmunity have been hindered by difficulty in identifying relevant autoantigens. We developed a novel approach that begins with the identification of T cell epitopes in synovial tissue using tandem mass spectrometry. Herein, we identified an immunogenic HLA-DR-presented peptide (T cell epitope) derived from the source protein matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) from the synovium of a patient with antibiotic-refractory arthritis. This finding provided a bridge for the identification of autoantibody responses to MMP-10, the "first autoimmune hit" in a subgroup of patients with erythema migrans, the initial skin lesion of the infection. Months later, after priming of the immune response to MMP-10 in early infection, a subset of patients with antibiotic-responsive or antibiotic-refractory arthritis had MMP-10 autoantibodies, but only patients with antibiotic-refractory arthritis had both T and B cell responses to the protein, providing evidence for a "second autoimmune hit". Further support for a biologically relevant autoimmune event was observed by the positive correlation of anti-MMP-10 autoantibodies with distinct synovial pathology. This experience demonstrates the power of new, discovery-based methods to identify relevant autoimmune responses in chronic inflammatory forms of arthritis.
Towards a full-field strain sensor for guiding hernia repairs

Each year, approximately 400,000 ventral hernia repairs are performed in the United States [1], [2]. Large ventral hernias (hernias that occur in the abdominal wall) are typically treated by suturing in a surgical mesh to cover and overlap the hernia defect. However, in 10–20% of patients, the hernia repair fails, resulting in recurrence of the hernia, along with other complications including infection and intestinal obstruction [3], [4]. One potential cause of hernia recurrence is the unequal distribution of stress across the mesh resulting in high stress concentrations at the tissue-mesh interface, particularly at the site of mesh fixation to the abdominal wall muscles[5], [6]. Strain across the mesh can be used as an indicator for how evenly stress is distributed across the surface of the mesh. To this end, we have built a full-field, 3D strain measurement system to enable physicians to actively identify and address areas of high strain during the surgery, thus decreasing the rate of hernia recurrence. The strain sensor uses an optical technique, called the grid method, in conjunction with the defocused particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique to measure the 3D strain distribution across the mesh. The system can achieve a limit of detection down to 0.4% strain and across a 50 cm range z-axis displacement using a Canon EOS 7D camera with a pinhole aperture mask.
Cardiac Rehabilitation in Older Adults

The biology of aging and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overlap, with the effect that CVD is endemic in the growing population of older adults. Moreover, CVD in older adults is usually complicated by age-related complexities, including multimorbidity, polypharmacy, frailty, and other intricacies that add to the risks of ambiguous symptoms, deconditioning, iatrogenesis, falls, disability, and other challenges. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a comprehensive lifestyle program that can have particular benefit for older patients with cardiovascular conditions. Although CR was originally designed primarily as an exercise training program for younger adults after a myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass surgery, it has evolved as a comprehensive lifestyle program (promoting physical activity as well as education, diet, risk reduction, and adherence) for a broader range of CVD (coronary heart disease, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). It provides a valuable opportunity to address and moderate many of the challenges pertinent for the large and growing population of older adults with CVD. Cardiac rehabilitation promotes physical function (cardiorespiratory fitness as well as strength and balance) that helps overcome disease and deconditioning as well as related vulnerabilities such as disability, frailty, and falls. Similarly, CR facilitates education, monitoring, and guidance to reduce iatrogenesis and promote adherence. Furthermore, CR fosters cognition, socialization, and independence in older patients. Yet despite all its conceptual benefits, CR is significantly underused in older populations. This review discusses benefits and the paradoxical underuse of CR, as well as evolving models of care that may achieve greater application and efficacy.
Are Buzzed Drivers Really the Problem: A Quasi-Experimental Multilevel Assessment of the Involvement of Drivers With Low Blood Alcohol Levels in Fatal Crashes

Controversy over drivers with low blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) have become a highly salient issue since the proposal to reduce the per se BAC limit to.05 for driving under the influence (DUI) convictions. However, little traffic safety, and no criminological research, has examined this phenomenon. This study fills a deficiency in the literature by utilizing quasi-experimental propensity score matching techniques in combination with multilevel modeling to examine the extent of involvement of low BAC drivers in fatal crashes. The results indicate that low BAC drivers are only involved in a very small portion of crashes and are not at fault in many. In addition, although drivers with low BAC have an increased odds of responsibility for a crash than drivers with no BAC, this increase is much lower than other factors such as age, speed, distractions, drug use, and high BAC. This study discusses the implications of focusing resources on drivers that are not considerable contributors to crashes, such as a predicted increase in arrests. Language: en
Modeling Fluorescence Light Propagation in Arbitrarily Shaped Domains with the Equation of Radiative Transfer on Block-Structured Grids

We solve the frequency domain equation of radiative transfer on block-structured grids (BSG) that are adaptively refined only near boundaries. We compare solutions on BSG to solutions on single finely discretized grids.
Strong probe scattering in NSOM

A strongly scattering probe tip is considered in near-field scanning optical microscopy assuming a weakly scattering sample. An effective tip strength is defined to characterize the tip scattering effect. Numerical and experimental results are shown.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tepidibacillus decaturensis Strain Z9, an Anaerobic, Moderately Thermophilic, and Heterotrophic Bacterium from the Deep Subsurface of the Illinois Basin, USA

ABSTRACT The genome of the moderately thermophilic and halotolerant bacterium Tepidibacillus decaturensis strain Z9 was sequenced. The draft genome comprises three scaffolds, for a total of 2.95 Mb. As the first sequenced genome within the genus Tepidibacillus, 2,895 protein-coding genes, 52 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA operons were predicted.
Thermoelectric properties and microstructure of Mg3Sb2

Abstract Mg3Sb2 has been prepared by direct reaction of the elements. Powder X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric, differential scanning calorimetery, and microprobe data were obtained on hot pressed samples. Single phase samples of Mg3Sb2 were prepared and found to contain oxygen at the grain boundaries and to lose Mg and oxidize at temperatures above 900 K. Thermoelectric properties were characterized by Seebeck, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity measurements from 300 to 1023 K, and the maximum zT was found to be 0.21 at ∼875 K.
Uncertainty Evaluation of Result of Test by Three-phase Meter Calibration Device

Phase is a vital parameter of electrometric measurement.Principle of three-phase meter calibration device made by Jiangxi electric power research institute's researchers was introduced.Also,uncertainty source influenced phase calibration was presented.At last,process of uncertainty test and result report was put forward.
Characterization of Amyloid Deposits in Neurodegenerative Diseases

The extracellular accumulation of insoluble fibrillar peptides in brain parenchyma and vessel walls as amyloid is the hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Prion diseases. Regardless their amino acid sequences, all amyloid peptides adopt an insoluble, highly ordered beta sheet structure when aggregated. Amyloid is homogeneous and eosinophilic and, common to most cross-beta-type structures; it is generally identified by apple-green birefringence when stained with Congo red and seen under polarized light. Amyloid can also be identified by an apple green color when stained with thioflavine-S and seen under a fluorescence microscope. By electron microscopy, the typical fibrillar ultrastructure of amyloid deposits is revealed. The biochemical nature of the amyloid subunits present in the deposits can be recognized by immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies or by amino acid sequencing analysis, western blot, and mass spectrometry after isolation of parenchymal or vascular amyloid proteins.
Metastatic Spine Tumors

With the aging population and advancements in the treatment of cancer, metastatic disease to the spine has become an increasingly frequent problem. Several treatment modalities can be used to manage metastatic spine tumors including radiation, surgical, and medical therapy. Determining the most appropriate treatment modality involves thorough evaluation of clinical symptoms, imaging, and risk stratification. In this chapter, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of metastatic spine tumors are reviewed.
Adverse childhood experiences, health, and employment: A study of men seeking job services

The present study explored factors associated with barriers to current employment among 199 low-income, primarily Black American men seeking job services. The study took place in an urban setting located within the upper Midwest region of the U.S., where the problem of Black male joblessness is both longstanding and widespread. Recent research suggests that Black male joblessness regionally and nationally is attributable to myriad macro- and micro-level forces. While structural-level factors such as migration of available jobs, incarceration patterns, and racism have been relatively well-studied, less is known about individual-level predictors of Black male joblessness, which are inextricably linked to macro-level or structural barriers. This study therefore examined relations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), health-related factors, and employment-related problems. Participants faced both specific and cumulative childhood adversities at much higher rates than men from more economically advantaged contexts. In addition, the physical, behavioral, and mental health of the study participants were, according to self-report survey results, notably worse than that of the general population or alternative samples. Finally, results indicated that exposure to ACEs may have helped to undermine the men's ability to attain current employment and that drug problems along with depression symptoms helped explain the link between ACEs and employment barriers. Theoretical and practical implications of results are explored.
Field decay characteristics of wireless power transfer emissions over earth sites and in semi-anechoic chambers

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems need to be tested for compliance with radiated electromagnetic emission regulations and standards. Understanding of the fundamental wave decay characteristics of WPT emissions over real earth sites and the effects of semi-anechoic chambers are important issues, as standardization bodies such as ANSI c63.30 committee are drafting measurement procedures for inductive WPT radiated emissions at frequencies up to 30 MHz. This paper presents measurement and simulation investigations of vehicle WPT frequency field decay characteristics, using a polarized vehicle WPT system over an earth site at up to 300m for radial, transverse and vertical polarizations, and effects of ferrite-lined metallic chamber walls on field decay characteristics.
Zirconium-89 Doped Copper Sulfide Nanoparticle for PET and Photoacoustic imaging

1085 Objectives The incorporation of radioisotopes within CuS nanoparticles (NPs) is an attractive approach, which can combine photothermal and localized radiation therapy; with quantitative image-guidance by PET and SPECT. In this work, we designed and synthesized Zr-89 doped CuS NPs and examined their biodistribution profile by in vivo PET and ex vivo analysis. The photoacoustic signal was assessed by multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). We manipulated reaction conditions to optimize size, absorption, surface property and impact on biodistribution profile of radiolabeled NPs. Methods Towards a future development of a tri-modal imaging agent, we additionally incorporated Manganese (Mn) into the synthesis design for MR imaging. A facile aqueous phase co-precipitation synthesis was developed to produce Zr-89 radiolabeled CuxMnyS, by reacting CuCl2 and MnCl2 with Na2S in a aqueous solution of organic ligand (Polyacrylic acid) for NP coating. To enable PET imaging, Zr-89, was doped into the crystal lattice of NPs during the synthesis. The effect of Mn doping on hydrodynamic size of NP was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and the impact of size on NP accumulation and clearance profile, was quantitatively measured by PET and ex vivo gamma counting. MSOT signal was assessed as a function of NP concentration. For biodistribution experiments, [Zr-89]-CuS NPs ( Results Yield of aqueous phase co-precipitation synthesis of CuMnS NPs ranged from 80-90%, by ICP measurement. HD size of NPs decreased after doping with Mn, neat CuS (100% Cu) = 45 nm, CuMnS (91% Cu & 9% Mn) = 1-2 nm, by DLS measurement). Doping of Mn red-shifted the Abs max of CuS NPs, from 930 nm to 1050 nm. The radiolabeling yield of [Zr-89]-CuMnS NPs was > 63%. The photoacoustic signal response showed linearity with NPs concentration ranging from 0.11ug/ml to 10.2ug/ml of CuS. In vivo PET imaging of nude mice showed rapid renal clearance as early as 30 min post injection, due to the very small size of NPs. This pattern was also mirrored in a biodistribution study of a separate group of animals bearing A549 tumors. Compared with most nanoparticles, the RES uptake of PAA coated CuMnS NPs is low, probably due to its negative surface charge and small size. Conclusions We demonstrated a novel synthetic methodology to create [Zr-89]-labeled ultra-small CuMnS NPs, with high photoacoustic signal for dual PET/MSOT molecular imaging. Extremely small HD size and high negative surface charge of NPs facilitated rapid renal clearance and low uptake in RES organs.
Cooperative management of a lithium-ion battery energy storage network: A distributed MPC approach

This paper presents a study of cooperative power supply and storage for a network of battery energy storage systems (LiBESSs). We propose to develop a distributed model predictive control (MPC) approach for two reasons. First, the MPC can deal with hard state and input constratins and thus is able to enable constraint-aware operation of LiBESSs. Second, a distributed management can cope with a complex network that integrates a large number of LiBESSs over a complex communication topology. With this motivation, we then build a fully distributed MPC algorithm from an optimization perspective, which is based on an extension of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) method. A simulation example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Athletic Training Students Demonstrate Airway Management Skill Decay, but Retain Knowledge over 6 Months

Context: Airway management (AM) knowledge and skills are taught in all athletic training programs; however, research suggests that skill decay occurs with acute care skills as length of nonpractice increases. Objective: Evaluate retention of AM knowledge and skills, specifically oropharyngeal airway (OPA) and nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) use, in athletic training students. Design: Cross-sectional study. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-five students (8 males, 17 females; age = 21.12 ± 1.42 years) enrolled in Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education–accredited professional athletic training programs. Intervention(s): Participants' AM knowledge and skills were assessed 5 times (baseline–T4). The baseline assessment was followed by an educational review session. Participants were reassessed (T1) before being randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group's AM knowledge and skills were reevaluated at 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4), and the control group's at 6 mon...
Molten Flux Design for Solid Oxide Membrane-Based Electrolysis of Aluminum from Alumina

Compared with the current Hall–Heroult process for smelting aluminum, the Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM)-Based electrolysis process brings various advantages such as simplified design, lower cost, lower energy use, and many other environmental benefits. However, the state-of-the-art SOM electrolysis process is limited by the solid oxide membrane’s stability and its compatibility with the molten salt and the electrode materials. This work will identify cost-effective molten salt compositions and membrane materials/architecture along with electrodes and current collectors that are all chemically compatible and provide optimum electrochemical properties for efficient aluminum oxide electrolysis.
Micro-patterned films of bio-functionalized conducting polymers for cellular engineering

Conducting polymers (CPs) are easy to process and have tunable physical and chemical properties including conductivity, volume, color, and hydrophobicity. Therefore, these organic polymers are attractive in a broad spectrum of bioelectronic applications ranging from implantable electrodes to biosensors and actuators. Patterned films of CPs, especially with various surface chemistries, provide versatile and sophisticated building-blocks for bioelectronics. In this context, we recently introduecd a simple and efficinet technique of hydrogel-mediated electropolymerization to directly pattern films of PPy (polypyrrole) with spatially-addressable chemistries. This technique employs a topographically patterned hydrogel stamp to deliver polymer precursors to the surface of electrode during the PPy electropolymerization. This method enables easy incorporation of different molecules into CP film during the polymerization. Herein, we aim to extend the scope of hydrogel-mediated electropolymerization to pattern other types of CPs and to explore the potential of bio-functionalized CP films for cell adhesion studies. Using this method, patterned films of two distinct CPs, PPy and PEDOT, were generated with a number of dopants. The produced films were characterized for morphology, impedance, and chemical composition. Patterned CP films were bio-functionalized by incorporation of a lamimin peptide into these films. Lastly, the resultant substartes were tested for cell adhesion where laminin-doped CP showed a higher level of cell adhesion compared to PSS (polystyrene sulfonate)-doped CP films. These results together demonstrate the potential application of patterned films of bio-functionalized CPs for cellular engineering.
Aspergillus candidus is a newly recognized source of sphaeropsidin A: Isolation, semi-synthetic derivatization and anticancer evaluation

Abstract This report details a search for alternative strains that produce the diterpenoid sphaeropsidin A (SphA) among A. candidus strains from the USDA Northern Regional Research Laboratories Culture Collection. We identified two strains that produced SphA using a limited set of test media. An initial scaled-up fermentation of NRRL 313 and isolation effort led to the procurement of sufficient quantities of SphA to prepare five semi-synthetic analogues (1–5) and evaluate their anticancer effects against glioblastoma cells D423 and Gli56 grown in 2D and 3D cultures. Although, the effectiveness of the synthetic analogues varied depending on the cell line and the type of cell culture, compound 5, bearing an aromatic ring at C16, displayed a stronger toxicity towards both D423 and Gli56 cell lines in 2D cultures and D423 spheroids in 3D culture than either SphA or compounds 1–4.
WebTrap: A dynamic defense scheme against economic denial of sustainability attacks

Economic Denial of Sustainability (EDoS) attacks have been threatening cloud consumers' financial viability due to the “pay-as-you-go” cloud resource charging scheme. EDoS attackers can take advantage of this pricing scheme to fraudulently consume the billable cloud resources from the cloud consumers and thus, drive up the cloud consumers' financial cost and eventually disrupt their economic sustainability. In this paper, we propose WebTrap, a defense scheme against EDoS attacks for web-based systems. WebTrap consists of two major components. On one side, it dynamically changes/updates web resource addresses so that the web-based system is equipped with a moving target defense capability to make attackers unable to exploit web resources. On the other side, WebTrap injects carefully-designed traps in a real-time manner to detect attackers. The trap injection process is guided by an online control-based algorithm to balance the damage introduced by the attackers and the potential side-impacts on benign clients and minimize the overall cost. We conduct experiments to validate WEBTRAP's effectiveness under various types of websites. The evaluation results demonstrate that WebTrap is effective, by more than 80%, in reducing the cost suffered by the cloud consumers.
Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics for facial fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing surgery for maxillofacial fractures is standard practice. However, the use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the effect of postoperative antibiotic therapy on the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with maxillofacial fractures. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception through October 2017. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies evaluating the efficacy of pre-, peri-, and postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing SSI in maxillofacial fractures were included. Data were extracted from studies using a standardized data collection form, with two reviewers independently performing extraction and quality assessment for each study. Risk ratios (RRs) for SSI were pooled using a random-effects model. Results Among 2,150 potentially eligible citations, 13 studies met inclusion criteria and provided data to be included in a meta-analysis. The addition of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to a standard preoperative and/or perioperative antibiotic regimen showed no significant difference in the risk of SSI (RR = 1.11 [95% CI: 0.86-1.44], P > .1). There were also no differences in the risk of SSI when restricting the analysis to mandibular fractures (eight studies, RR = 1.22 [95% CI: 0.92-1.62]) or open surgical techniques (eight studies, RR = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.62-1.67]). A sensitivity analysis did not find any significant differences in risk when restricting to RCTs (seven trials, RR = 1.00 [95% CI: 0.61-1.67]) or cohort studies (six studies, RR = 1.21 [95% CI: 0.89-1.63]). Conclusions Our findings, along with the available evidence, does not support the routine use of postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with maxillofacial fractures. Avoiding the unnecessary use of antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period could have important implications for healthcare costs and patient outcomes. Laryngoscope, 129:82-95, 2019.
Phosphorus Doping and Passivation Processes for Poly and Monocrystalline Silicon Using Ion Plasma Source

Ion-plasma beams have been used for the phosphorus doping and hydrogen passivation of grain boundaries and impurities for poly and monocrystalline silicon. In combination with pulse lump annealing (5-20 s duration at 850-930°C) the high efficiency solar cells (∼9.5% at air mass 1.0 condition without anti reflection coating) have been fabricated.
Chemotherapy for systemic mycoses.

The treatment of the systemic mycoses began with the discovery of amphotericin B in 1953 [1]. Thereafter, the pace of discovery of additional antifungal agents has, in comparison with other antiinfectives, been slow, indeed: flucytosine in 1957 [2]; azole derivatives in the 1960s [3], with new triazole derivatives [4, 5] presently under clinical evaluation; polypeptides first reported in 1977 [6] and 1980 [7], with a semisynthetic lipopeptide [8] now nearing clinical trial; allylamines in 1978 [9], with a perorally administrable derivative under clinical study [10].
Comparison and Use of Failure Envelope Forms for Slope Stability Analyses

This paper reviews and compares different mathematical forms for representing the effective stress failure envelope in the context of slope stability analysis. Although commonly assumed to be linear, the effective stress failure envelope for many soils is non-linear, at least when considered over a wide range of normal stresses. Multiple studies have considered the effects of including non-linearity in slope stability calculations, but little guidance is available for selecting an appropriate envelope form. Differences between six mathematical forms are examined by analyzing four real data sets, each with different characteristics. Statistical descriptors are used to evaluate the goodness of fit for each form. Two simple slopes are analyzed with each data set to ascertain the impact that the envelope form has on the calculated factor of safety. The envelope form is shown to have a relatively small impact on the predicted shear strength and calculated factor of safety for slope stability, provided that (1) the failure envelopes are fit to the test data using a robust regression procedure and (2) the effective normal stresses acting on the critical failure surface are mostly within the range tested by the laboratory shear strength program. The largest differences in predicted shear strength occurred when the failure envelopes were extrapolated to stresses below the laboratory test stress range. In this low stress range, a practical engineering solution is obtained by drawing a linear failure envelope from the origin to the “best-fit” failure envelope at the lowest effective normal stress indicated by the test data.
Perspectives from Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participants on Improving SNAP Policy.

Abstract Purpose: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants are important stakeholders in improving program policies, but their voices have not been included in the public disco...
Investigating the diversity of Type Ia supernova spectra with the open-source relational data base KAEPORA

We present a public, open-source relational database (we name kaepora) containing a sample of 4975 spectra of 777 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Since we draw from many sources, we significantly improve the spectra by inspecting these data for quality, removing galactic emission lines and cosmic rays, generating variance spectra, and correcting for the reddening caused by both MW and host-galaxy dust. With our database, we organize this homogenized dataset by 56 unique categories of SN-specific and spectrum-specific metadata. With kaepora, we produce composite spectra of subpopulations of SNe Ia and examine how spectral features correlate with various SN properties. These composite spectra reproduce known correlations with phase, light-curve shape, and host-galaxy morphology. With our large dataset, we are also able to generate fine-grained composite spectra simultaneously over both phase and light-curve shape. The color evolution of our composite spectra is consistent with other SN Ia template spectra, and the spectral properties of our composite spectra are in rough agreement with these template spectra with some subtle differences. We investigate the spectral differences of SNe Ia that occur in galaxies with varying morphologies. Controlling for light-curve shape, which is highly correlated with host-galaxy morphology, we find that SNe Ia residing in late-type and early-type galaxies have similar spectral properties at multiple epochs. However for SNe Ia in these different environments, their spectra appear to have Ca II near-infrared triplet features that have slightly different strengths. Although this is apparent in the composite spectra and there is some difference in the populations as seen by individual spectra, this difference is not large enough to indicate differences in the underlying populations.
Detection of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei using an invasive but non-lethal sampling method in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).

Abstract The detection of enteric pathogens that cause diseases in shrimp involves the sacrifice of the host to obtain tissue samples for diagnosis. In this study, we describe an invasive but non-lethal sampling methodology using a syringe to collect biopsy samples from the hepatopancreas (HP) of Penaeus vannamei to detect the microsporidian pathogen, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), by qPCR and transmission electron microscopy . EHP was detected in all the infected shrimp by qPCR. The shrimp infected by the microsporidian showed 65% survival at 7 days post-sampling. Transmission electron microscopic examination of the biopsy samples revealed numerous spores of the pathogen. The presence of EHP was further confirmed by histology and in situ hybridization from HP tissue samples. The data shows that a hepatopancreas biopsy could be a viable means of detecting enteric pathogens in shrimp, and the method could be valuable in sampling broodstock and natural populations without the need to sacrifice the animals.
Abstract P3-10-20: Targeting the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is efficacious against HER2-positive breast cancer

Accumulating evidence suggests that the Src homology phosphotyrosyl phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a bona fide oncogene. These conclusions are primarily based on the positive role of SHP2 in receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in multiple systems. Because overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the primary causes of BC, we investigated the potential of SHP2 targeting in this subtype of BC. We have used our recently patented SHP2 inhibitor called WGMDY (US 9,932,288) for targeting SHP2 under cell culture and in vivo conditions. We have also used the recently reported allosteric SHP2 inhibitor called SHP099 particularly in the cell culture studies. We found that HER2-positive BC cells are highly sensitive to SHP2 inhibition with WGMDY as determined by loss of viability in 2D, transformation in soft agar, and cancer stem cell properties in suspension cultures. Similar results were obtained with SHP099 albeit at a reduced rate. Analysis of protein and RNA extracts showed inhibition of the Ras-ERK and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathways by WGMDY, but SHP099 tend to activate Akt signaling. In addition, WGMDY blocked overexpression of the HER2 protein in HER2-positive BC cells. As such, we focused on WGMDY for the in vivo efficacy studies. The results showed that WGMDY induces regression of preformed tumors in a concentration dependent manner. Histopathology analyses of tumors showed induction of necrosis in treated samples. Hence, WGMDY has a promising anti-cancer effects in HER2-positive BC. Citation Format: Yehenew Agazie, Zachary Hartman. Targeting the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is efficacious against HER2-positive breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-20.
An exploration of instructors’ accommodation discourse on the first day of class

Globally, invisible disabilities are among the most commonly reported types of disabilities among college students. International data suggest that students with disabilities in higher education ar...