cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law through reduction of thermal conductivity in gold thin films

We present measurements of in-plane thermal and electrical conductivity in thermally evaporated gold thin-film samples ranging in thickness from $\ensuremath{\approx}20$ to $g300\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, performed using a micromachined silicon-nitride membrane thermal isolation platform. In both $\ensuremath{\approx}300$-nm-thick films grown in a single Au deposition and a sample built up to $g300\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ by many sequential depositions of thinner layers, we observe strong ``violations'' of the Wiedemann-Franz law that relates electrical and thermal conductivities. While electrical conductivity behaves essentially as expected, thermal conductivity first rises with growing total film thickness, and then surprisingly drops as the film becomes thicker. The sharp reduction of thermal conductivity decreases the Lorenz number $L$ for $\ensuremath{\approx}300\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{nm}$-thick samples to less than half the Sommerfeld value over the entire 78--300-K temperature range studied. Such violation near room temperature, in a metal film where electron transport should be well described by Fermi-liquid theory, is previously unreported, even in the presence of disorder introduced by grain boundaries and rough surfaces. This indicates an inelastic-scattering process that we argue, based on detailed characterization of grain size in these films, is likely driven by a combination of modified phonon density of states and structural anisotropy introduced from the strongly columnar grain structure in thicker films. This highly unusual reduction of thermal conductivity while maintaining high electrical conductivity is potentially promising for increasing thermoelectric performance of nanoscale systems.
Cdt1 modulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment stabilization via an Aurora B kinase-dependent mechanism

Robust kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachment is critical for accurate chromosome segregation. G2/M-specific depletion of human Cdt1 that localizes to kinetochores in an Ndc80 complex-dependent manner, leads to abnormal kMT attachments and mitotic arrest. This indicates an independent mitotic role for Cdt1 in addition to its prototypic function in DNA replication origin licensing. Here, we show that Cdt1 directly binds to microtubules (MTs). Endogenous or transiently expressed Cdt1 localizes to both mitotic spindle MTs and kinetochores. Deletion mapping of Cdt1 revealed that the regions comprising the middle and C-terminal winged-helix domains but lacking the N-terminal unstructured region was required for efficient MT-binding. Mitotic kinase Aurora B interacts with and phosphorylates Cdt1. Aurora B-phosphomimetic Cdt1 exhibited attenuated MT-binding and its cellular expression induced defective kMT attachments with a concomitant delay in mitotic progression. Thus we provide mechanistic insight into how Cdt1 affects overall kMT stability in an Aurora B kinase phosphorylation-dependent manner; which is envisioned to augment the MT-binding of the Ndc80 complex.
Transit Accessibility Measurement Considering Behavioral Adaptations to Reliability

Accessibility measures are necessary for evaluating the benefits of proposed transportation improvements. However, they often do not account for travel time unreliability, but instead incorporate d...
Safety and Feasibility of Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stent-Assisted Revascularization within 48 Hours after Symptoms Onset.

Abstract Objective We aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of carotid artery stenting (CAS) performed in the hyperacute period. Methods We analyzed a retrospective database of CAS patients from our center. We included patients with symptomatic isolated ipsilateral extracranial carotid stenosis and acute tandem occlusions who underwent CAS. Hyperacute CAS (HCAS) and acute CAS (ACAS) groups were defined as CAS within 48 hours and >48 hours to 14 days from symptoms onset, respectively. The primary outcome was a composite of any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death at 3 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were periprocedural complications and restenosis or occlusion rates. Results We included 97 patients, 39 with HCAS and 58 with ACAS. There was no significant difference between groups for the primary outcome (HCAS 3.3% vs. ACAS 6.1%; p = 1). There were no differences in the rate of perioperative complications between groups although a trend was observed (HCAS 15.3% vs. ACAS 3.4%; p = .057). The rate of restenosis or occlusion between groups (HCAS 8.1% vs. ACAS 9,1%; log-rank test p = .8) was similar with a median time of follow-up of 13.7 months. Conclusion Based on this study, CAS may be feasible in the hyperacute period. However, there are potential higher rates of perioperative complications in the hyperacute group, primarily occurring in MT patients with acute tandem occlusion. A larger multicenter study may be needed to further corroborate our findings.
Kyouzaikenkyuu: an exploration of Japanese mathematics teachers’ daily planning practices

Kyouzaikenkyuu (translated as instructional materials research) is said to be a crucial part of successful Japanese lesson study. Kyouzaikenkyuu is described as the planning portion of the research lesson during lesson study. Kyouzaikenkyuu is also said to be done on a daily basis by Japanese teachers; however, there is very little written about this process in the literature. This study takes an in-depth look into what Japanese junior high mathematics teachers do during their daily kyouzaikenkyuu, and why they do it. Through interviews, observations, and participation in kyouzaikenkyuu, we explain the process and key ideas that many Japanese mathematics teachers go through to prepare their lessons. We document two different approaches to kyouzaikenkyuu. We also found that for some teachers there is a large difference between what they do during kyouzaikenkyuu for a research lesson compared to the kyouzaikenkyuu of a daily lesson. If teachers outside of Japan wish to engage in kyouzaikenkyuu and lesson study, these approaches are a good place to start.
Gracilis Flap Reconstruction After Proctocolectomy for Malignancy and Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

BackgroundGracilis flap reconstruction (GFR) following abdominoperineal resection (APR) or proctocolectomy (PC) can reduce pelvic wound complications but has not been adequately assessed in the set...
A 256x256 6.3pJ/pixel-event Query-driven Dynamic Vision Sensor with Energy-conserving Row-parallel Event Scanning

This work reports a query-driven dynamic vision sensing (q DVS) approach to computational imaging that substantially improves on the achievable pixel density and energy efficiency of visual event coding. The chip architecture combines complementary advantages of frame scanning active pixel sensors (APS) and event-driven DVS (e DVS) CMOS imagers. The 256x256-pixel q DVS with 33% fill factor achieves 10% temporal contrast sensitivity and consumes 0.5mW from 1.2V at a peak event rate of 80Meps, yielding an energy efficiency Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 6.3pJ/pixel-event.
Sexually Transmitted Infections in U.S. Military Women: A Scoping Review 2000-2018.

Abstract Purpose High rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been documented among U.S. military servicemembers. The purpose of this scoping review is to evaluate the literature to determine what is known about the risk factors, preventive measures, and health outcomes regarding STIs among active duty servicewomen. Methods A search of six bibliographic databases and the grey literature identified articles published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. A two-level review process was used to evaluate the inclusion of articles. Results Fifty-six articles were included. The majority of studies (n = 47) were descriptive (95%). The primary STIs of focus were chlamydia (66%) and gonorrhea (38%), with a lesser focus on herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (17%) and syphilis (11%). There were no studies on chancroid or pubic lice. Chlamydia and gonorrhea were highly prevalent. Age, race, and gender were nonmodifiable risk factors, whereas behaviors, beliefs, socioeconomic level, marital status, and concomitant or repeat infections were modifiable risk factors. Educational programs and studies evaluating efficacious STI prevention methods were lacking. STI diagnoses occurred in servicewomen at their home stations as well as in deployed settings. Conclusion STIs remain an ongoing public health challenge with insufficient research to guide military and health care leaders. Future research should focus on prospective designs that leverage identified risk factors and at-risk populations where the most impact can be made to promote reproductive health.
Islamic Intellectual History in the Seventeenth Century: Scholarly Currents in the Ottoman Empire and the Maghreb

For much of the twentieth century, the intellectual life of the Ottoman and Arabic-Islamic world in the seventeenth century was ignored or mischaracterized by historians. Ottomanists typically saw the seventeenth century as marking the end of Ottoman cultural florescence, while modern Arab nationalist historians tended to see it as yet another century of intellectual darkness under Ottoman rule. This book is the first sustained effort at investigating some of the intellectual currents among Ottoman and North African scholars of the early modern period. Examining the intellectual production of the ranks of learned ulema (scholars) through close readings of various treatises, commentaries, and marginalia, Khaled El-Rouayheb argues for a more textured - and text-centered - understanding of the vibrant exchange of ideas and transmission of knowledge across a vast expanse of Ottoman-controlled territory.
Algorithms for Wireless Communication Systems: A Power-Efficiency Perspective

Within the last five years, there has been a cultural shift from wired landlocked connectivity to pervasive wireless information access. Most emerging mobile devices are now equipped with some form of embedded wireless radio. The expectations of high data rates and increased battery longevity have put tremendous pressure on all aspects of wireless system design. The goal of our projects at the Center for Multimedia Communication at Rice is to develop powerefficient wireless enabled mobile devices. In this paper, we will consider the control and coding issues to increase active access time of mobile communication devices. In particular, we develop scheduling algorithms which adaptively change the transmission power and rate, based on both the transmission queue backlog and the channel conditions. The packet level control algorithms exploit burstiness of data streams and channel variations to trade packet queuing delay with the average transmit power. The wide range of data rates dictated by the scheduler and our power efficiency objective is effectively met by a multi-antenna transceiver. We design non-coherent space-time codes for high mobile speeds, and space-time feedback strategies for low mobility applications. This paper highlights some of the proposed methods and presents some preliminary results.
Irrigation, Drainage, and Agricultural Development in the San Joaquin Valley

The irrigation history of the San Joaquin Valley (Valley) is composed of several phases starting with individuals digging ditches and continuing to the present State Water Plan. Various institutions have developed to assist in the expansion of irrigation. These include the water companies of the last century and the water districts created by the Act of 1887. Irrigation has produced an enormous rise in the number of farms, population, and harvested acreage in the Valley. Agriculture in the Valley has changed over time. Initially it was cattle ranching with the prime product being the hides. Around the middle of the last century wheat production began and by the 1870’s, following the arrival of the railroad, the Valley was a vast wheat land. Drought and reduced yields resulting from continual cropping began to reduce wheat acreage by the 1890’s. This was accelerated by the expansion of irrigation and the increase of intensive agriculture. The major agricultural activities which have developed in the present century are: (1) Dairying, (2) vegetables, (3) orchard crops, and (4) cotton. These four activities accounted for about 82 percent of harvested land in 1987. The great expansion of irrigation was associated with the large increase in ground-water pumpage and the development of the Central Valley Project pumping northern California water to the Valley. The State Water Project now provides additional northern California water to the Valley. The expansion of irrigation has been accompanied by the rise of severe drainage problems which pose a significant threat to the future of the Valley. Continued ground-water pumpage is seriously depleting the region’s ground-water basin and has produced land subsidence. The Valley’s agricultural future is at risk due to: (1) The demand for water for higher valued uses such as municipal and industrial supplies; (2) the environmental need for additional freshwater to maintain the Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta and San Francisco Bay Estuary; and (3) the necessity to solve the drainage problem.
Capacitive compensation of large induction motor drives

Summary form only given. The influence of the combined effects of series and parallel compensation on a large induction motor has been studied. The following are the contributions of this research. (1) The selection of series and parallel capacitors to attain simultaneously good steady-state voltage regulation and a power factor improvement; (2) structural changes in compensating elements to eliminate possible electrical subsynchronous oscillations/electromechanical oscillations and overvoltages through the use of control-theoretical approaches, namely, stability and robustness concepts; (3) the inclusion of magnetic saturation of the magnetizing flux linkage of the machine in the prediction of the dynamic and transient performance of the system. >
Whose gene is it? A case discussion about familial conflict over genetic testing for breast cancer.

A multidisciplinary group of genetic and other professionals discuss a complex case of familial conflict over access to genetic information. One twin wishes to know the results of her deceased mother's tests for BRCA1 mutations; a second twin objects to researchers making this information available. As the case discussion unfolds, the apparent “facts” of this case are called into question and the lines of ethical certainty become less clear.
An Object-Oriented Framework for Parallel Simulation of Ultra-large Communication Networks

Communication networks have steadily increased in size and complexity to meet the growing demands of applications. Simulations have been used to model and analyze modern communication networks. Modeling and simulation of networks involving thousands of nodes is hard due to their sheer size and complexity. Complete models of the ultra-large networks need to be simulated in order to conduct in-depth studies of scalability and performance. Parallel simulation techniques need to be efficiently utilized to obtain optimal time versus resource tradeoffs. Due to the complexity of the system, it becomes critical that the design of such frameworks follow well established design principles such as object oriented (OO) design, so as to meet the diverse requirements of portability, maintainability, extensibility, and ease of use. This paper presents the issues involved in the design and implementation of an OO framework to enable parallel simulation of ultra-large communication networks. The OO techniques utilized in the design of the framework and the application program interfaces needed for model development are presented along with some experimental results.
Psychological Concepts and Biological Psychiatry: A philosophical analysis

This interdisciplinary work addresses the question, What role should psychological conceptualization play for thinkers who believe that the brain is the organ of the mind? It offers readers something unique both by systematically comparing the writings of eliminativist philosophers of mind with the writings of the most committed proponents of biological psychiatry, and by critically scrutinizing their shared “anti-anthropomorphism” from the standpoint of a diagnostician and therapist. Contradicitng the contemporary assumption that common sense psychology has already been proven futile, and we are just waiting for an adequate scientifically-based replacement, this book provides explicit philosophical and psychological arguments showing why, if they did not already have both cognitive and psychodynamic psychologies, philosophers and scientists would have to invent them to better understand brains. (Series A)
Training of NNPCR-2: An improved neural network proxy cache replacement strategy

Proxy servers are designed with three goals: decrease bandwidth, lessen user perceived lag, and reduce loads on origin servers by caching copies of web objects. To achieve these goals an efficient cache replacement technique should be utilized. Squid is a widely used proxy cache software. Squid's default cache replacement strategy is Least Recently Used. While this is a simple approach, it does not necessarily achieve the targeted goals. We use a different approach to address the cache replacement problem by training neural networks to make cache replacement decisions. In this paper we present the many improvements to our Neural Network Proxy Cache Replacement Strategy. We focus on the training of the neural networks and demonstrate the results for the effect of the number of hidden nodes, input node, the sliding window length and the learning rate on the neural network.
Optimal error protection for image transmission using source adaptive modulation

This paper presents a low-complexity method of transmitting digitally compressed imagery through AWGN and fading channels. The proposed method combines a wavelet-based image coder that employs phase scrambling and trellis-coded quantization (TCQ), and source adaptive modulation (SAM). We present two versions of SAM that utilize BPSK (SAM-TCQ) and 16-ary PPM (OSAM-TCQ), respectively. We then compare the performance of the SAM systems to that of a system that utilizes unequal error protection (UEP). We show that for the binary symmetric channel, the SAM-TCQ system performs as well as UEP-TCQ at high bit error rates, and within 1 dB of the UEP-TCQ system at low bit error rates. Additionally, we show that for the AWGN channel, the OSAM-TCQ system performs nearly 4 dB better than UEP-TCQ at high bit error rates, and the same as the UEP-TCQ system at low bit error rates, with much lower complexity than the UEP-based system.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Systemic administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to symptomatic Npc1-deficient mice slows cholesterol sequestration in the major organs and improves liver function

In Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, loss of function mutations in either NPC1 or NPC2 result in progressive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC) and glycosphingolipids in all organs leading to neurodegeneration, pulmonary dysfunction and sometimes liver failure. There is no cure for this disorder. Studies using primarily NPC mouse models have shown that systemic administration of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD), starting in early neonatal life, diminishes UC accumulation in most organs, slows disease progression, and extends lifespan. The key question now is whether delaying the start of 2HPβCD treatment until early adulthood when the amount of entrapped UC throughout the body is markedly elevated has any of the benefits found when treatment begins at 7 days of age. Npc1−/− and Npc1+/+ mice were given saline or 2HPβCD subcutaneously at 49, 56, 63, and 70 days of age, and used for tissue cholesterol and other measurements at 77 days. In the Npc1−/− mice, treatment with 2HPβCD from 49 days reduced whole-liver cholesterol content at 77 days from 33.0±1.0 to 9.1±0.05 mg/organ. Comparable improvements were seen in other organs, such as spleen, and in the animal as a whole. There was a transient increase in biliary cholesterol concentration in the Npc1−/− mice after 2HPβCD. Plasma ALT and AST activities in the 77-day-old 2HPβCD-treated Npc1−/− mice were reduced. The lifespan of Npc1−/− mice given 2HPβCD marginally exceeded that of their saline-only controls (99±1.1 vs 94±1.4 days, P<0.05). Thus 2HPβCD is effective in mobilizing entrapped cholesterol in late-stage NPC disease leading to improved liver function.
Efficient numerical simulation of stochastic internal-wave-induced sound-speed perturbation fields

An efficient method is presented to numerically simulate stochastic internal-wave-induced sound-speed perturbation fields in deep ocean environments. The sound-speed perturbation field is represented as an internal-wave eigenfunction expansion in which WKB amplitude scaling and stretching of the depth coordinate are exploited. Individual realizations of the sound-speed perturbation field are constructed by evaluating a multidimensional fast Fourier transform of a complex-valued function whose modulus has a known simple form and whose phase is random. Approximations made are shown to be consistent with approximations built into the Garrett–Munk internal-wave spectrum, which is the starting point of this analysis. Both time-varying internal-wave fields in three space dimensions and frozen fields in a vertical plane are considered.
Numerical methods for hydraulic transients

The finite-difference methods of Lax, Lax-Wendroff (two-step), and the donor cell type, and the finite-element method using a Galerkin procedure with B-splines as approximating functions are compared with the method of characteristics for the solution of waterhammer transients as typified by valve closure problems. From the point of view of accuracy, the two-step Lax-Wendroff method and the method of characteristics are comparable and produce the best results. The Lax method fares worst. The donor cell type and the Galerkin procedure with quandratic B-spline basis as approximating functions display roughly the same accuracy. From the comparison presented, it appears that Galerkin technique offers no substantial advantage over the other finite-difference mehtods except that of ease in hamdling boundary conditions as compared with finite-difference methods.
Investigation of Dynamic Probe Sample Requirements for Traffic Condition Monitoring

Many agencies are exploring the use of probe-based traffic monitoring systems to collect information on system performance. Although these systems offer the potential of directly measuring travel times and of significantly reducing the cost per mile of traffic monitoring systems, the issue of identifying the number of samples required to produce reliable and accurate condition information has not been adequately examined. Most existing research into this issue addresses the problem from a very broad perspective, offering a single percentage of vehicles in an area that must be equipped as probes to provide good coverage of the area. This approach ignores variations in flow conditions through time and across different links of the network. The described research addresses the issue of sample sizes for different links and measurement intervals from a rigorous statistical perspective. First, the issue of producing sample sizes on the basis of the central limit theorem (CLT) is empirically examined by using Virginia freeway speed data to assess this method's validity even when the underlying speed population is nonnormal. Applying the CLT to the speed data shows that fluctuations in flow conditions over time and across different locations require varying sample sizes, which the static sample sizes proposed in previous research do not take into account. Finally, the CLT-based sample sizes are compared with a representative static sample size proposed in the literature to illustrate how the CLT method can reduce sample sizes while maintaining the desired confidence and accuracy levels.
The effect of velocity-dependent boundary conditions on pattern formation

Abstract We discuss the role played by velocity-dependent boundary conditions in several problems of non-local interface dynamics. Qualitative and quantitative effects are demonstrated through three examples which are: (i) quantitative verification of the scenario of ‘microscopic solvability’ in pattern selection for the case of viscous fingering in a rectangular Hele-Shaw cell, (ii) detection of the presence of this type of boundary condition through an analysis of the statistical properties of the interface for radial Hele-Shaw flow and, (iii) generation of qualitatively different interface morphologies by tuning the magnitude of this effect in the case of radial Hele-Shaw flow. We also point out the possible implications of this last example for the observation of similar morphologies in some problems of solidification.
Neuroticism associated with neural activation patterns to positive stimuli

Relationships between neuroticism and neural activation to salient emotional stimuli were examined in three magnetic resonance imaging studies in which participants viewed International Affective Picture System pictures or emotional films. Neuroticism directly correlated with dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation in response to positive stimuli. Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex correlations may reflect increased self-association in individuals with high neuroticism.
Predictors of early acute lung injury at a combat support hospital: a prospective observational study

Abstract : Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a syndrome consisting of noncardiogenic acute hypoxemic respiratory failure with the presence of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and occurs in up to 33% of critically ill trauma patients. Retrospective and observational studies have suggested that a blood component resuscitation strategy using equal ratios of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) may have a survival benefit in combat casualties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this strategy is associated with an increased incidence of ALI. Methods: We performed a prospective observational study of all injured patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) at a combat support hospital who required 5 units of blood transfusion within the first 24 hours of admission. Baseline demographic data along with Injury Severity Score (ISS), pulmonary injury, presence of long bone fracture, blood products transfused, mechanical ventilation data, and arterial blood gas analysis were collected. The primary endpoint of the study was the development of ALI at 48 hours after injury. Those who did not survive to ICU admission were excluded from analysis. Follow-up (including mortality) longer than 48 hours was unavailable secondary to rapid transfer out of our facility. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the independent effects of variables on the incidence of early ALI.
Somatic cell hybridization of mouse myeloma cells

Abstract Somatic cell hybrids between different mouse myeloma cell lines have been readily isolated using modifications of existing techniques. The hybrid nature of these cells was established by HAT or HAT-ouabain selective procedures, their chromosome number, and, in one case, H-2 surface antigen expression. Three hybrid cell lines are described here in detail: an IgG 2b , ϰ X IgG 2a , ϰ; an IgG 1 , ϰ X IgG 2b , ϰ; and an IgG 1 , ϰ X IgM, λ. In all cases, both parental types of H and L chains are expressed in the hybrid cells and no new chains are observed. However, molecules possessing disulfide-bonded mixtures of parental H and/or L chains are seen. Analysis of subclones of these hybrids indicates considerable stability in the expression of the immunoglobulins for up to 13 months. However, segregant clones no longer synthesizing one or more of the parental H or L chains arise frequently.
Surface Nucleation and Crystal Orientation in Lithium Silicate Glass Fibers

The effect of inorganic surface treatments on the orientation of lithium disilicate crystals formed in Li2O·2.75SiO2 glass fibers was studied. Glass fibers 0.5 mm and 9μ in diameter were subjected to various surface treatments at room temperature and then heated between 550O and 800°C. It was observed that metal salt solutions applied to the fiber surfaces at room temperature decreased the degree of orientation during heating only if the metal entered the glass and formed nucleation sites within the fibers. Orientation could also be decreased by removing lithium from the glass surfaces. Comparison of the crystallization characteristics of untreated and AgNO3-treated fibers indicated that the crystallization behavior was controlled by either a growth process or a nucleation process, depending on whether the temperature was below or above 625°, respectively.
Study Abroad in Teacher Education: Delving into Cultural Diversity and Developing Cultural Competence

In this reflective essay, two teacher educators discuss a study abroad program they have developed to prepare culturally competent teacher candidates. They position the program by reviewing literature on multicultural teacher education, field experiences, and study abroad and document a research-based rationale for the importance of study abroad programs in fostering the development of competencies in candidates that enable them to value cultural diversity and develop cultural competence. A case is made for the use of cross-cultural, multicultural narrative inquiry as the program's method of study. A description of the program, the setting for the program and student experiences in the program, as well as course curriculum and assignments that encourage students to reflect on their experiences is provided. Throughout, the authors discuss selected findings from ongoing research into candidates' experiences in the program and the impact of their experiences on their developing cultural competence.
THE LOCALIZATION OF ALBUMIN AND FIBRINOGEN IN HUMAN LIVER CELLS

Human liver sections were stained with anti-human serum albumin and/or anti-human fibrin monomer fluorescent conjugates. Approximately 10 per cent of the hepatic cells stained specifically for human serum albumin,1 per cent for fibrinogen, and 0.1 per cent for both. Approximately 18 per cent of the Kupffer cells stained specifically for human serum albumin and 33 per cent for fibrinogen. Staining of both cell types was mainly cytoplasmic, although albumin was found in the nuclei of some parenchymal cells, depending on the method of fixation. Cytoplasmic granules staining specifically for fibrinogen could be seen just inside the cell membrane facing the bile caniculi in many more parenchymal cells than the 1 per cent showing diffuse cytoplasmic staining. The technical difficulties involved in preparing fluorescent conjugates against these antigens and in the fixation of these antigens for immunofluorescent staining are discussed.
Automatic congestion detection and visualization using networked GPS unit data

The goal of this work is to explore systems for the automatic determination of vehicle traffic congestion using GPS-enabled networked mobile phones. A location based data set is collected and analyzed. Additionally, sample filtering and route matching approaches are considered.
When a Teacher Becomes a Researcher: Using Self-Narrative to Define One's Role as Participant Observer

As public servants who work most closely with children, teachers have first-hand knowledge of the needs of the changing demographics of urban public schools in the United States. Teachers who engage in research, and researchers who are former teachers, enjoy unique positions in conducting investigations and sharing and implementing findings. Because much of their knowledge is gained through firsthand experience, self-narrative allows this population of researchers to explore intersections between research and practice that might otherwise remain tacit and inaccessible to a broader audience. Although this methodology applies broadly across educational settings, this article focuses on K–12 schools. Utilizing self-narrative vignettes from her own research in a public, alternative middle school serving a high-risk student population, the author discusses how this methodology was used to define her role as a participant observer. Implications for practitioner scholars and former-teachers-as-researchers are di...
Modeling of an electrically tunable quantum dot photodetector for terahertz detection

The terahertz region (1-10 THz) has potential applications in many areas, such as chemical sensing, medical imaging and free-space optical communications. With the demonstration of terahertz sources, it is quite necessary to develop the detection technology in terahertz. Here we propose an electrically tunable quantum dot infrared photodetector to detect the terahertz region. The proposed detector applies a lateral electrical confinement on the quantum wells and forms a quantum disk in the quantum well area. The two-dimensional quantum confinement of quantum disk combining the vertical confinement from the quantum barrier forms a quantum dot structure. Using the energy states and intersublevel energy spacing in the quantum dot, the detector can be used to detect the terahertz region. Changing the lateral electrical confinement, the intersublevel energy spacing can also be tuned and in hence different wavelengths can be detected. Our modeling and simulation results show the tunability of peak detection wavelength of the photodetector from ~3.3 to ~6.0 THz with a gate voltage applied on the detector from -2 to -5 V. The peak absorption coefficients of the detection are shown in the range of 10 3 cm -1 . Compared with current quantum dot photodetectors produced by self-assembled growth method the detector proposed here is easier to be tuned and the effective sizes have a much higher uniformity, because of using electrical confinement.
Frequent Feeding of a Corn Silage-Urea-Concentrate Blended Ration to Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract A 120-day continuous study was conducted to determine effects of frequency of feeding a blended corn silage-concentrate ration containing a pelleted urea-alfalfa combination on 20 lactating Holstein cows. Cows were randomly assigned to two treatment groups of 10 each and fed individually in a tie-stall barn. One group was fed twice and the other four times daily. Average daily fat-corrected milk production, milk fat, solids-not-fat, milk protein, body weight, and dry matter intake by treatments were: twice daily feeding) 18.71kg, 3.60%, 10.07%, 3.52%, 608.0kg, and 16.0; and four times) 17.46kg, 3.51%, 9.82%, 3.44%, 621.2kg, and 14.49kg. Analysis of covariance with data of the previous week as the covariate indicated no significant differences (P>.05) for daily fat-corrected milk production, milk composition, body weight, and ration intake. No significant differences (P>.05) were found in blood urea nitrogen, blood ammonia, urinary urea nitrogen, urine volume, urinary nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary amino acids. These results indicate that feeding four times daily had no additional benefit over twice daily feeding of a blended corn silage-concentrate ration containing a pelleted urea-alfalfa supplement.
Tokamak beta aB/I limit and its dependence on the safety factor.

It is shown that, for a given tokamak cross-sectional shape and arbitrary values of the magnetic axis safety factor ${\mathit{q}}_{0}$, the first stability condition against pressure-driven magnetohydrodynamic modes has the form 40\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\beta}${\mathit{aB}}_{0}$/I\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{R}}$(${\mathit{q}}_{0}$)/${\mathit{q}}_{0}$. Moreover, in the limit of large ${\mathit{q}}_{0}$, ${\mathit{C}}_{\mathit{R}}$(${\mathit{q}}_{0}$) becomes independent of ${\mathit{q}}_{0}$ and independent of the toroidal mode number.
Frustration Tolerance and College Grade Point Average.

44 university undergraduate students, 22 males and 22 females, were presented an insoluble finger maze as a measure of frustration tolerance. Simple and multiple correlations of frustration toleran...
Incidence and Behavioral Correlates of Epileptiform Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with an increased incidence of epilepsy and of epileptiform discharges on electroencephalograms. It is unknown whether epileptiform discharges correlate with symptoms of ASD. We completed a retrospective chart review of 101 patients with ASD who had overnight electroencephalograms. We looked for a relationship between epileptiform abnormalities and diagnosis, history of regression, communication skills, and other features associated with ASD. There was a higher incidence of epileptiform activity in children with stereotypies and aggressive behavior. The incidence of epileptiform abnormalities was significantly lower in Asperger’s compared with more severe forms of autism. Results suggest that increasing severity of autistic symptoms may be associated with higher likelihood of epileptiform abnormalities. Whether treatment alters outcome is unknown.
The development of a comprehensive school-wide simulation-based procedural skills curriculum for medical students.

Objective The purpose of this project was to assess the effectiveness of using the Delphi process to create a structured simulation-based procedural skills curriculum for all students at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California (KSOM). Methods The Delphi process was used to develop a list of procedural skills that students are expected to perform competently prior to graduation. Once consensus of faculty was reached, a needs assessment was performed to poll graduating seniors' experience performing each skill. A comprehensive simulation-based curriculum was developed and implemented for all Year II students at KSOM. Student satisfaction with the curriculum was collected using a standardized end-of-session evaluation form and student self confidence was assessed using a retrospective pre- and post-self-efficacy rating for each skill. Results The needs assessment clearly established the need for a more organized approach to teaching procedural skills at KSOM. Quantitative and qualitative data revealed that students responded favorably to the curriculum and appreciated the efforts put forth by KSOM. Student self-efficacy increased significantly for each skill. Conclusions The Delphi process was effective in reaching consensus among educational leaders at KSOM regarding which skills to include in the curriculum. Although there were a few minor challenges, we determined that it is feasible to develop and implement an explicit school-wide simulated-based procedural skills curriculum.
Dynamic Recombination of Evolving Guitar Sounds (DREGS): A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Guitar Synthesizer Control

A system is described which integrates multiple hardware interfaces and software packages in order to control the parameters of a guitar synthesizer in real time. An interactive genetic algorithm is developed in order to create and explore parameter settings, and a mobile device wirelessly sets the fitness values. The synthesizer parameters are represented as genes within an individual, and individuals dynamically interact within a population as the user rates the resulting sounds by changing orientation.
Fetal pancreas as a donor organ.

The use of the fetal pancreas as a donor organ for the treatment of diabetes has been explored in the rat and currently is being tried in minipigs. Growth and development of a fetal pancreas under the kidney capsule of a diabetic rat is sufficient to completely reverse streptozotocin diabetes; the organ contains 20–25% of the insulin content of a normal adult pancreas. The fetal pancreas grows and develops most fully in normoglycemic environment. Cryopreservation results in nearly complete survival of the pancreas and provides time for tissue and blood typing and testing for compatibility of donor and recipient lymphocytes using the Mixed Leucocyte Reaction. These methods have been developed in human systems. Removal of the pancreas from the fetus and transplantation prior to a critical period of exocrine development (18 days in the rat, 55 in the pig) are followed by atrophy of exocrine elements and a pure endocrine organ results. This obviates the problem of exocrine enzymes. Venous drainage of insulin from the transplanted pancreas into the liver provides the most effective response when the supply of insulin is limited. Metabolic studies in successfully-transplanted rats indicate complete reversal of the diabetic state to normal. These include blood glucose and insulin levels and responses to stimuli, the activity levels of 6 enzymes in the liver, glucagon levels, and the response to arginine stimulation and glucose metabolism during and after pregnancy.
The dynamic interplay between perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction.

The present research used multiple methods to examine the hypothesis that perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction are inextricably linked together by a widely held "true-self-as-guide" lay theory of decision making. Consistent with this proposition, Study 1 found that participants rated using the true self as a guide as more important for achieving personal satisfaction than a variety of other potential decision-making strategies. After establishing the prevalence of this lay theory, the remaining studies then focused on examining the proposed consequent relationship between perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction. Consistent with hypotheses, 2 cross-sectional correlational studies (Studies 2 and 3) found a positive relationship between perceived true self-knowledge and decision satisfaction for different types of major decisions. Study 4 used daily diary methods to demonstrate that fluctuations in perceived true self-knowledge reliably covary with fluctuations in decision satisfaction. Finally, 2 studies directly examined the causal direction of this relationship through experimental manipulation and revealed that the relationship is truly bidirectional. More specifically, Study 5 showed that manipulating perceived knowledge of the true self (but not other self-concepts) directly affects decision satisfaction. Study 6 showed that this effect also works in reverse by manipulating feelings of decision satisfaction, which directly affected perceived knowledge of the true self (but not other self-concepts). Taken together, these studies suggest that people believe the true self should be used as a guide when making major life decisions and that this belief has observable consequences for the self and decision making. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
A new method for sequencing linear oligosaccharides on gels using charged, fluorescent conjugates.

A new method is described for sequencing linear oligosaccharides on gels using charged, fluorescent conjugates. The reducing ends of various mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-saccharides were conjugated with monopotassium 7-amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonate (a fluorescent and negatively charged compound) by reductive amination using sodium cyanoborohydride. The sugar conjugates were purified by preparative gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by a newly developed technique involving their semi-dry transfer to positively charged nylon membranes and elution with sodium chloride. The structures of a monosaccharide- and trisaccharide-conjugate were established by f.a.b.-m.s. and 2D n.m.r. Seven linear oligosaccharide-fluorescent conjugates were treated sequentially with exoglycosidases and with endoglycosidases. Analysis of the products by gel electrophoresis provided sequence information. These methods may be useful for sequencing oligosaccharides that are chemically or enzymically (endoglycosidase) released from glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans.
Effect of varying composition on temperature reconstructions obtained from refractive index measurements in flames

Optical methods (such as holographic interferometry, speckle photography, speckle shearing interferometry, moire deflectometry, rainbow Schlieren deflectometry and Talbot interferometry, and so forth) have the potential for accurately measuring the entire temperature field associated with multidimensional flames, which may be difficult to do using other techniques. These interferometric or deflectometric techniques first determine the refractive index in flames, and thereafter infer the temperature distribution. The relationship between the refractive index and temperature is obtained by using a state equation and the Gladstone-Dale relation. However, a potential source of error arises since the local composition of the flame being studied is usually unknown. In a previous investigation, we examined the occurrence of this error by assuming the local flame composition to be the same as that of air at the local temperature. This was examined through one-dimensional simulations of counterflow flames. We found that while calculating the temperature from the measured refractive index this assumption could lead to significant errors for some flames and to minimal errors in other flames. This investigation quantifies those errors in the context of two-dimensional flames in both planar and axisymmetric geometries. It is found that the refractive index values of a mixture are nearly identical with those of the refractive index of air for partially premixed flames (PPFs). The maximum error lies in the range of 6.3 to 10.7% for one-dimensional (1-D) counterflow PPFs, and between 6.1 to 8.0% for two-dimensional (2-D) planar and axisymmetric PPFs (for equivalence ratios in the range of 1.5 ≤ φr ≤ 2.0). For nonpremixed flames, however, the maximum error can have values up to 33.8% and 34.5% for the 1-D and 2-D configurations, respectively. Therefore, the accurate inference of the temperature of nonpremixed flames from the measured refractive index distribution requires that an alternative approach be developed. We have developed an interpolation method that reduces the maximum error from 34.5% to 9.8% for these flames, and is associated with even smaller errors in most other regions of these flames.
K -Series X-Rays from π -Mesonic Atoms

The $K$-series x-rays from the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-mesonic Be, B, C, N, and O atoms have been studied. In each case measurements have been made of the $2p\ensuremath{-}1s$ quantum energy, and of the fraction of stopped pions which give rise to $K$-series x-rays (the "$K$-series yield"). The yields are: Be, 18.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7%; B, 13.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5%; C, 9.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0%; N, 4.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5%; O, 3.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4%. The decrease in yield with increasing $Z$ is attributed to nuclear absorption of the pion from the $2p$ state. The $2p\ensuremath{-}1s$ quantum energies are: Be, 43\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5 kev; B, 68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5 kev; C, 92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}7.5 kev; N, 132\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5 kev; O, 163.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.7 kev. The expected energy in the case of oxygen, if only electromagnetic interactions are important, is 176.0 kev; the difference is presumably due to a pion-nucleus interaction which is repulsive in the $1s$ state.