cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Class of Integral Operators on the Unit Ball of $$\mathbb{C}^{n}$$

For real parameters a, b, c, and t, where c is not a nonpositive integer, we determine exactly when the integral operator $$ Tf(z) = {\left( {1 - |z|^{2} } \right)}^{a} {\int_{\mathbb{B}_{n} } {\frac{{{\left( {1 - |w|^{2} } \right)}^{b} }} {{{\left( {1 - \langle z,w\rangle } \right)}^{c} }}f(w)\;dv(w)} } $$ is bounded on $$L^{p} {\left( {\mathbb{B}_{n} ,\;dv_{t} } \right)},$$ where $$\mathbb{B}_{n}$$ is the open unit ball in $$\mathbb{C}^{n} ,\;1 \leq p < \infty ,$$ and dv t (z) = (1 − |z| 2) t dv (z) with dv being volume measure on $$\mathbb{B}_{n} .$$ The characterization remains the same if we replace (1 − 〈z, w 〉) c in the integral kernel above by its modulus |1 − 〈z, w〉| c .
An asymptotic analysis of capacity in narrowband MIMO channels

Multi input multi output (MIMO) channels under a particular set of correlated channel assumptions, viz. the product correlation, have been shown to differ from i.i.d. channels essentially in the scaling factor of capacity increase [Chen-Nee Chuah, et al. (2002)]. Using a scattering environment based channel representation, we extend the paradigm of capacity scaling to a regime where it saturates or scales depending on how the environment grows with the number of antennas. We also show how the capacity per dB at low SNR's depends on the channel parameters. Based on some (preliminary) results on the convergence rate of the empirical spectral distribution function of an i.i.d. channel we present a rigorous understanding of the notion of 'fast convergence'.
Nonprogrammer web application development

We propose to investigate the feasibility of nonprogrammer web application development. The main target audience for this research is webmasters without programming experience - a group likely to be interested in building web applications. We choose a subset of web applications as the target for our analysis: basic web-based data collection, storage & retrieval applications. We propose to study the mental models of our target audience, collect requirements for a sufficiently powerful end-user programming tool, evaluate new programming paradigms, and implement a proof-of-concept prototype using participatory design techniques.
Measures and algorithms for best basis selection

A general framework based on majorization, Schur-concavity, and concavity is given that facilitates the analysis of algorithm performance and clarifies the relationships between existing proposed diversity measures useful for best basis selection. Admissible sparsity measures are given by the Schur-concave functions, which are the class of functions consistent with the partial ordering on vectors known as majorization. Concave functions form an important subclass of the Schur-concave functions which attain their minima at sparse solutions to the basis selection problem. Based on a particular functional factorization of the gradient, we give a general affine scaling optimization algorithm that converges to a sparse solution for measures chosen from within this subclass.
The Earth Observation Perspective

Environmental sensing and the analytical techniques that transform raw measurements acquired from the instruments deployed in Earth orbit are the focus of this book. The process of rendering these data useful, however, involves more than the application of a method. Integral to this transformation are the innately human abilities to abstract from general principles and to craft a conceptual view of sensing technologies and techniques that place them concretely into the problem-based and decision-oriented roles that they have been designed to support. In this context, environmental sensing activities are neither difficult nor exotic; rather they are often misunderstood and viewed as beyond the reach of those individuals and groups that can benefit from them. Satellite remote sensing can significantly enhance the information available from traditional data sources because it can provide synoptic views of large portions of the Earth. Satellite imagery can also expand the spatial dimensions of limited and sometimes costly field or point-source sampling efforts.
The role of cooperative iceberg capsize in ice-shelf disintegration

Disintegration of several ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula demonstrates a mechanism that involves the conversion of a contiguous ice shelf into an expanding plume of ice- shelf fragments that spreads rapidly across the ocean surface. The growth of surface area and energetic expansion are hypothesized to be driven by gravitational potential energy release associated with iceberg capsize and break-up. Here we investigate this process using a water tank filled with plastic icebergs scaled to represent a laboratory analogue of an expanding plume of ice-shelf fragments (icebergs). Our experiments suggest that hydrodynamic pressure within the water separating neighbouring icebergs is sufficient to couple the motion when their separation is comparable to the iceberg size. This allows one iceberg's capsize to initiate a 'domino-like' effect, where the entire array will subsequently capsize in the same direction and expand across the water surface. Our experimental results motivate the suggestion that cooperative iceberg hydrodynamics is a process that enhances the expansion of ice-shelf fragment plumes during ice-shelf disintegration.
Connections between First- and Second-Language Reading:

This study builds upon previous research examining the relationship between first-language (L1) reading, second-language (L2) knowledge, and L2 reading. The unique contributions of L1 reading, L2 vocabulary, and L2 grammatical skill to L2 reading scores are investigated along with whether or not the contributions differ by course level. Subjects included 131 students (88 beginners and 43 upper level) enrolled in French at the U.S. Air Force Academy. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. Two programs were run for each subject group because L1 reading was measured using two different tests—recall protocols and the comprehension portion of the Nelson Denny Test. All of the independent variables contributed significantly for beginners, but did so for the upper level subjects only when L1 protocols were used as the reading measure. Typically, L1 reading contributed substantially, particularly for the upper level group, supporting Cummins's (1981) Hypothesis. This study demonstrates the importance of L1...
Kant and the Problem of Idealism: On the Significance of the Göttingen Review

This essay examines the impact of the Gottingen review on Kant. Taking up each of the charges laid down in this first, critical review of the Critique of Pure Reason, I will argue that these criticisms stem largely from Kant's account in his discussion of the Paralogisms, before going on to defend Kant from the claim that he altered his stance on realism—in reaction to the review—as the only hope for distinguishing transcendental idealism from the immaterialism of George Berkeley.
Inequality and delinquency: sorting out some class and race effects

Abstract Both neo-conservatives who tend to blame young people for their lack of moral self control and neo-liberals who decry the enduring effects of racism and poverty operate from the presupposition that “ghetto youths” engage in a variety of self-destructive behaviors, including violence and substance abuse. While debating whether these effects can be understood in “cultural” terms as the products of upbringing, or as the consequence of a lack of opportunity, nearly all researchers couch their empirical frameworks in the image of a unidimensional scale of problem behavior that affects poor youths generally and poor Black youths particularly. This line of inquiry raises some interesting ideas, but does not tell us about the process through which race or class lead to delinquency. In this paper, I critically examine previous work and present empirical models specifying structural and intermediate mechanisms implicated in delinquent behavior. I analyze a national, multilevel sample of Black and White males in the 12th grade to assess the degree to which structural, family and peer factors influence two forms of delinquency—alcohol use and fighting. The results cast doubt on culture-based assumptions, force us to reconsider the theoretical underpinnings of a large segment of research in this area, and encourage us to think differently about linkages between race, class, and delinquency or crime.
Effect of pesticide interactions on the twospotted spider mite on peanuts

Abstract Pesticides commonly applied to the foliage of peanuts in North Carolina were evaluated under field conditions for their effect on the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Most fungicides caused a higher mite increase than insecticides on NC 2 peanuts. When fungicides and insecticides were tank mixed or applied on alternate weeks, mite outbreaks occurred. These outbreaks were followed by severe injury to the foliage and finally defoliation and yield reductions. Among the fungicides applied only Du-Ter and Copper Count failed to cause significant mite damage even when combined with an insecticide. Since mites failed to develop on untreated peanuts following six or more mite releases during the season, it was apparent that pesticides predispose peanuts to spider mite buildup and damage.
Sex identification and mating in the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata.

Abstract We studied the reproductive behaviour of the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata, in the laboratory by examining 15 male–male and nine male–female interactions. The initiation of physical contact was independent of sex, size or residency status, and there were no noticeable changes in behaviour such as sexual displays associated with courtship or aggression prior to contact. Males did not distinguish between females or other males and copulated (defined as the insertion of the hectocotylus into the mantle cavity of another octopus) readily with both. Spermatophores were released in all copulations with females but not with males. The duration of copulation was significantly longer in male–female interactions (median 160.5 min) than in male–male interactions (median 30 s). Although male–male copulations ended passively with the withdrawal of the hectocotylus by the initiating animal, male–female copulations were always terminated by the females following an intense struggle. These studies suggest the inability of male H. lunulata to determine the sexual identity of potential mates prior to the insertion of the hectocotylus and demonstrate the active role of the female during copulation.
Incorporating Freehand Sketches and Mockups into Senior Design Capstone Course: Case Study with a Hand Cycle Vehicle Rack

From the students’ perspective, the project objective of this 2-semester senior design course was to design and build a storage device for a hand powered upright hand cycle that can be installed on the exterior of a wheelchair accessible Dodge-Chrysler minivan so that a person with paraplegia or quadriplegia can drive the vehicle independently (without a human aide) when the hand cycle is loaded on the vehicle. The novelty of this paper is the pedagogy of blending traditional methods of engineering design (hand sketches, low resolution mockups, and prototypes) along with CAD design and modern computational analytics, including FEA, in a 2-semester design course. Students drew sketches of multiple ideas and made a full-size three dimensional mockup of the rear of a Chrysler minivan out of plywood and structural wood. They also made two mockups and two metal prototypes and analyzed the design with FEA. Course evaluations from students revealed their appreciation for having the opportunity to hand sketch ideas and make low resolution mockups in the first semester to arrive at a general design. (The second semester was devoted to detailed design and making functional prototypes.) The students felt that they had a rich design experience that they could use for future design projects in their careers.
Prequantization and KMS Structures

The properties of the representations of the canonical commutation relations, obtained in the prequantization program, are investigated with special attention to the relevance of the KMS structures in this context. In particular, we show how these structures provide a natural way to pass from the prequantization representation of the CCR to the Schrodinger representation.
MICROTOPOGRAPHY OF MICROBIOTIC CRUSTS ON THE COLORADO PLATEAU, AND DISTRIBUTION OF COMPONENT ORGANISMS

We analyzed the microtopography of microbiotic soil crusts at 3 sites on the Colorado Plateau of southern Utah and investigated distributions of cyanobacteria and several lichens in distinctive microhabitats created by this topography. At all 3 sites the long axes of linear soil mounds were oriented nonrandomly in a NNW—SSE direction. The conspicuous and consistent orientation of soil mounds may result from a combination of physical and biotic processes. Subtle differences across sites in mound orientation and organismal distribution suggest that these variables may be useful in comparing disturbance histories of crusts retrospectively. Differences in colonization frequencies, abundances, and distributions of microorganisms comprising the crusts, as a function of mound aspect or exposure, suggest that these organisms are associated with particular aspects due to distinctive and favorable microhabitats on these exposures. Polysaccharide sheath material, deposited by cyanobacteria, and associated filaments occurred in greater quantities on ENE than WSW mound exposures, and cover by Collema spp. lichens exhibited the same pattern. Colonization of mounds by common lichen species occurred significantly more frequently on ENE than WSW mound aspects at 2 of 3 sites. In contrast, the 3 most common lichen species, aside from Collema spp., did not exhibit a tendency for greater cover on ENE than WSW mound aspects. Physiological differences between gelatinous cyanolichens and green-algal lichens may explain the different distributional patterns of Collema spp. and the 3 other lichens.
Endoscopic craniectomy for early surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis.

Object. The authors sought to minimize scalp incisions, blood loss, and operative time by using endoscopically assisted strip craniectomies and barrel-stave osteotomies to treat infants with sagittal suture synostosis. Methods. Four patients, aged 2, 4, 9, and 12 weeks, who presented with scaphocephaly underwent endoscopic midline craniectomies through small midline scalp incisions. The mean operative time for the procedure was 1.68 hours (range 1.15–2.8 hours); the mean blood loss was 54.2 ml (range 12–150 ml). Three patients did not require blood transfusions and were discharged within 24 hours. Postoperatively, all patients were fitted with custom cranial molding helmets. Follow-up evaluation ranged between 8 and 15 months. All patients had successful correction of their scaphocephaly with no mortalities, morbidities, or complications. Conclusions. The use of endoscopic techniques for early correction of sagittal synostosis is safe; decreases blood loss, operative time, and hospitalization costs; and p...
New technology for surgical coronary revascularization

In the past decade, the face of surgical coronary revascularization has been changed by a number of advances, most notably the development of minimally invasive techniques, including minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), and totally endoscopic, robot-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting (TECAB). Initial attempts to perform cardiac operations through small incisions were hindered by the absence of appropriate accessory technology, such as visualization systems, anastomotic devices, stabilizers, and alternative methods of vascular cannulation and cardiopulmonary bypass. With the development of these technologies, surgeons have been increasingly able to perform complex cardiac procedures, including coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), mitral and aortic valve replacement, and atrial septal defect closure, through smaller-than-traditional incisions. Nonetheless, in many cases, the extent to which incision size has been reduced by these minimally invasive approaches has been matched by a corresponding increase in technical difficulty and operative time—and a potentially decreased safety margin—owing to the constraints imposed by limited or incomplete cardiac exposure. The emerging field of cell-based therapy represents an attractive alternative to surgical bypass. Spurred on by rapid advances in our understanding of vascular biology and positive results from studies of small- and large-animal models, a number of clinical trials have been conducted exploring the use of multiple cell types, either as sole or adjunctive therapy at the time of open heart surgery. Although significant myogenesis remains elusive, substantial progress with angiogenic cell therapy warrants discussion in the context of surgical revascularization. It is likely that the future will bring a convergence of several new technologies, as the way that we treat coronary vascular occlusive disease continues to evolve. ### Robotic Surgical System Computer (robotic) enhancement has emerged as a potential facilitator of minimally invasive surgical procedures. Initially, this technology was utilized to maximize visualization of intracardiac structures by providing enhanced (including …
Trastuzumab induced cardiomyopathy: wider implications for cardio-oncology

When I was diagnosed with cancer I felt I could cope and was very positive, but when they said my heart was failing as well, this was too much to bear. At the First International Meeting on Cancer and the Heart in Houston in 2010, there were numerous excellent scientific presentations in the field of cardio-oncology,1 but the simple, yet extremely poignant words of a patient, describing her own story of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy, were the ones that made the greatest impression on this author. They were also a call to arms to practitioners to build up a new interdisciplinary specialism—cardio-oncology—in which excellence in a broader concept of clinical care would be established on deep foundations of basic science. The clinical care would be broader, because cardiologists and oncologists have quite different styles of clinical care, and the depth of the basic science greater because of the contrasting perspectives of molecular and cellular scientists in these specialties. By now, cardio-oncology has come of age with several excellent recent reviews2–6 and some formal international guidelines.7 Among the most intensively studied cancers is breast cancer. The latter is common and there has been a more than twofold rise in incidence over the last 20 years, a combination of a true absolute increase, as well as detection at earlier stages, aided by mass screening. Treatments have become significantly more effective and mortality has fallen by 50% over the last 30 years,8 but this has required more aggressive treatment regimens. Anthracyclines (eg, doxorubicin or epirubicin) have been the mainstay of chemotherapy for breast cancer since their discovery in the 1960s. The therapeutic action of anthracyclines is thought to be mediated through their intercalation within the DNA of replicating cells. In addition, anthracyclines …
An Effective Evidence Theory Based K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classification

In this paper, we study various K nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms and present a new KNN algorithm based on evidence theory. We introduce global frequency estimation of prior probability (GE) and local frequency estimation of prior probability (LE). A GE for a class is the prior probability of the class across the whole training data space based on frequency estimation; on the other hand, a LE for a class in a particular neighborhood is the prior probability of the class in this neighborhood space based on frequency estimation. By considering the difference between the GE and the LE of each class, we present a solution to the imbalanced data problem in some degree without doing re-sampling. We compare our algorithm with other KNN algorithms using two benchmark datasets. Results show that our KNN algorithm outperforms other KNN algorithms, including basic evidence based KNN.
From the Editor-in-Chief: The Next Phase of Discipline-Based Education Research Is Here!

A look at the current state of discipline-based education research (DBER) and how JMBE is adapting to new breakthroughs in the field of biology education.
An Unusual Deposit in a Hydraulic Tunnel

In conduit of Santeetlah Hydroelectric Project, NC, analysis has shown that black deposit adhering to walls consists of metallic oxides, mostly manganese; determination of process by which materials are extracted from lake water; annual power loss of 5,000, 000 kw-hr is caused by deposit; most effective means of removal is mechanical cleaning by hydraulic jets.
Dielectric and Thermodynamic Signatures of Low-Temperature Glassy Dynamics in the Hybrid Perovskites CH3NH3PbI3 and HC(NH2)2PbI3

Hybrid main group halide perovskites hold great technological promise in optoelectronic applications and present rich and complex evolution of structure and dynamics. Here we present low-temperature dielectric measurements and calorimetry of APbI3 [A = CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2+] that suggest glassy behavior on cooling. In both compounds, the dielectric loss displays frequency-dependent peaks below 100 K characteristic of a glassy slowing of relaxation dynamics, with HC(NH2)2PbI3 exhibiting greater glass fragility. Consistent with quenched disorder, the low-temperature heat capacity of both perovskites deviates substantially from the ∼T3 acoustic phonon contribution predicted by the Debye model. We suggest that static disorder of the A-site molecular cation, potentially coupled to local distortions of the Pb–I sublattice, is responsible for these phenomena. The distinct low-temperature dynamics observed in these two perovskites suggest qualitative differences in the interaction between the molecular cation and th...
The Anterior Peristigmatic Glands in Trypetid Larvae

Various workers have made mention of a peculiar series of glands which occur in many dipterous larvae. These structures, usually referred to as the peristigmatic glands, are found closely associated with both the anterior and posterior spiracles. The structure of the posterior spiracles and their peristigmatic glands in Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh has been well described and figured by Butt (1937). The present study is offered as a description of these glands in their relation to the anterior spiracles.
Effects of prior commitment on children's evaluation and imitation of a peer model's perceptual judgments.

Second and third grade children (16 boys, 16 girls) were given the opportunity to evaluate and imitate a peer's answers on a simple perceptual task. Those in the commitment condition first performed the task themselves, while those in the no commitment condition did not. As predicted, (1) committed Ss evaluated the peer's responses less favorably and imitated less often than did uncommitted Ss, and (2) evaluation and imitation were positively related.
P-002 Use of Endocap Guided Needle Knife Stricturotomy to Treat Stricture of Ileoanal Anastomosis

BACKGROUND:Strictures are a common complication of restorative proctocolectomy with IPAA (ileoanal pouch anastomosis). Although basic measures such as balloon dilation are effective, some strictures are not effectively treated by this measure. Use of needle knife has been demonstrated to safely trea
Decade in review-hepatocellular carcinoma: HCC-subtypes, stratification and sorafenib.

The past 10 years have represented a whirlwind of activity with regard to information on the risk factors, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. I will describe what I consider to be the major advances from both a tumour biology perspective and a clinical perspective over the past 10 years.
Self-Esteem and Magazine Reading among College Students

Examined was the relation between self-esteem and magazine reading among 77 college students. Self-esteem was negatively related to reading of sports magazines and television and movie guides but unrelated to reading of ten other categories of magazines.
Optical Measurement of Transient Plasma Impact on Corner Separation in M=4.5 Airflow

The objective of this work is to perform a feasibility study on the steering effect of a weakly ionized transient plasma on the corner separation zone of a compression surface with a hypersonic boundary layer. The optical measurements, using a high-speed Shack-Hartmann sensor, have been successfully performed to quantify a characteristic frequency of flow perturbations at different locations in the flowfield and the plasma impact on the spectra of disturbances in the boundary layer and in the separation bubble. It was shown that the nearsurface plasma generation at a frequency of repetition higher than a dominant natural frequency of perturbations in the boundary layer (the first mode F1), f =100 kHz > F165 kHz, lead to a significant intensification of the amplitude of the high-frequency disturbances in the range of A A0 ⁄ = 2 − 8. The plasma effect was negligible or insignificant at excitation frequencies, f = 50 kHz, below F1.
Effects of gadopentetate dimeglumine administration after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption: toxicity and MR imaging findings.

Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption with intraarterial chemotherapy has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. Imaging blood-brain barrier disruption is necessary to document the extent and degree of disruption and to correlate disruption with drug delivery. The present study evaluated blood-brain barrier disruption with gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging and the associated toxicity of gadopentetate dimeglumine administration. Blood-brain barrier disruption was performed in seven dogs for imaging analysis and 17 dogs for toxicity evaluation. In the absence of gadopentetate dimeglumine administration, blood-brain barrier disruption could not be imaged. Enhanced MR imaging with a gadopentetate dimeglumine dose of 0.1 mmol/kg provided good images of disruption at an imaging time of 3 hr after disruption. However, when gadopentetate dimeglumine was given intravenously in conjunction with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption, there was a statistically significant (p = .02) dose-dependent increase in the frequency of seizures, with 50% of the animals who received 0.1 mmol/kg and 75% who received 0.2 mmol/kg developing delayed seizures. Our findings show that, as with ionized iodinated CT contrast agents, gadopentetate dimeglumine is associated with toxicity when used in conjunction with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in dogs. Such toxicity may be a contraindication to the use of gadopentetate dimeglumine for monitoring patients with osmotically induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier.
Radio frequency interference suppression in ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar using range-azimuth sparse and low-rank model

Ultra-wideband (UWB) Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) operate over a large bandwidth ranging from under 100 MHz to over a few Ghz. They often share spectrum with other systems such as radio, TV and cellular networks. The mitigation of radio frequency interference(RFI) from these sources is an important problem for UWB SAR systems. Traditional RFI suppression techniques such as notch filtering introduce side effects such as large sidelobes or poor peak-to-sidelobe ratio. More recently, methods based on sparsity and compressive sensing that do not have these side effects have been proposed. In particular, a sparse and low-rank method that models SAR data as a linear combination shifted SAR pulses and RFI to be of low-rank has been found to be effective. This model however uses the structure of SAR data in down-range direction only and ignores the structure in azimuth direction. In this paper, we propose to replace the data model with a new sparse model that incorporates structure in azimuth direction as well. We demonstrate that the new model has significantly better performance than the previously proposed model. It performs robustly even in the presence of high level of noise(−20 dB SNR) and does not suppress small targets like the previously proposed model did.
Mixed methods: Expanding research methodologies in pharmacy education

Abstract Mixed methods research combines quantitative and qualitative research to address a research question. Researchers engaging in mixed methods can establish a more complete understanding of an issue, triangulate findings, develop a complementary picture, identify trends, and validate results. Using mixed methods research may provide a more accurate and comprehensive reflection of educational experiences and outcomes across the span of pharmacy, including admissions, experiential education, and faculty development. Expanding our research toolkit to include multiple approaches for collecting, analyzing, and applying quantitative and qualitative data are likely to strengthen educational research in pharmacy education and broaden our impact across the health professions. After reviewing this article, the reader should be able to define mixed methods research, provide recommendations for its use, identify applications for pharmacy education, and describe the implications and limitations of the mixed methods approach.
Fermentation of Lactose in Direct-Acid-Set Cottage Cheese Whey.

Kluyveromyces fragilis was more suitable than Candida pseudotropicalis or Kluyveromyces lactis for production of ethanol from whey. Direct-acid-set cottage cheese whey and the supernatant fluid resulting from heat treatment of the whey at 95 C for 20 min showed similar rates of fermentation when inoculated with K. fragilis . Inoculation rates of 10, 12 and 14 ml of active K. fragilis culture per 100 ml of media were not significantly different in rate of ethanol production. Samples incubated with K. fragilis at 35, 37, 40 and 42 C showed more rapid reduction in specific gravity than samples incubated at room temperature or 30 C. Lactose conversion in whey was 83% complete and in whey supernatant fluid, 77%.
Space, Place, and Privacy: Preschool Children's Secret Hiding Places

Young children create spaces to claim as their own within their larger environments. Some spaces serve social and play functions, while others may offer a sense of security and safety, as suggested by prospect–refuge theory (Appleton, J. (1975). The experience of landscape. New York: John Wiley and Sons). Although we know that children create secret spaces for themselves, less is known about how children construct these spaces. This study used focus groups to learn what materials preschoolers would like to create spaces within their classrooms. Then, children were given the materials and provided time to create spaces. Results showed that children preferred flexible materials (e.g., blankets, bed sheets, cardboard tubes), worked collaboratively to create their spaces, and that the spaces provided refuge for the children. Implications for children's social development, classroom environment, and early childhood education are discussed.
A Calmodulin-Like Protein in the Cytochrome bc1 Complex Required for Synthesis of both Cytochrome bc1 and Cytochrome c Oxidase Complexes in Yeast Mitochondria

The cytochrome bc1 complexes of eukaryotic mitochondria contain nine to eleven polypeptides (1–3). The cytochrome bc1 complex of Paracoccus denitrificans, a gram negative bacterium which elaborates a respiratory chain which appears to be functionally equivalent to its mitochondrial counterpart, consists of only three polypeptides (4). Photosynthetic bacteria, as exemplified by Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter capsulata, contain bc1 complexes which consist of only four polypeptides (5). The cytochrome bf complex of chloroplasts, which resembles the bc1 complex in most respects, consists of only five polypeptides (6). The subunit compositions of the bc1 complexes of mitochondria from beef heart and yeast and those of Paracoccus and a photosynthetic bacterium are shown in Figure 1.
Long-term effects of recurrent intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia on respiratory system mechanics in neonatal mice

Long-term effects of recurrent intermittent hypoxia and hyperoxia on respiratory system mechanics in neonatal mice
Qualitative Effect of Added Gluten on Dough Properties and Quality of Chinese Steamed Bread

Glutens isolated from 15 soft red winter (SRW) wheat flours were added into a SRW wheat flour to obtain protein levels of 9.6 and 11.3% for determination of the qualitative effect of added gluten on the dough properties and quality of northern-style Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDSS) volume of the gluten source flour exhibited positive relationships with mixograph absorption, midline peak time (MPT), and midline peak value (MPV) of the gluten-added flours and with surface smoothness, crumb structure, and total score of CSB prepared from the gluten-added flours regardless of protein content. Positive correlations were also observed between SDSS volume of the gluten source flour and specific volume and stress relaxation score of CSB prepared from the gluten-added flours of 11.3% protein. The increase in protein content from 9.6 to 11.3% by gluten addition raised mixograph absorption, MPT, and MPV but had no apparent effect on resistance breakdown, dough maximum force fo...
CSR Programs in South Korean Firms: The Influence of Chaebols and CEOs

Examining CSR programs in South Korea, this manuscript focuses on the family-owned business groups, chaebols, and CEO characteristics on the initiation of CSR programs. Chaebols provides a unique c...
Dynamic Light Scattering Measurement of Nanometer Particles in Liquids

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques for studying sizes and shapes of nanoparticles in liquids are reviewed. In photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), the time fluctuations in the intensity of light scattered by the particle dispersion are monitored. For dilute dispersions of spherical nanoparticles, the decay rate of the time autocorrelation function of these intensity fluctuations is used to directly measure the particle translational diffusion coefficient, which is in turn related to the particle hydrodynamic radius. For a spherical particle, the hydrodynamic radius is essentially the same as the geometric particle radius (including any possible solvation layers). PCS is one of the most commonly used methods for measuring radii of submicron size particles in liquid dispersions. Depolarized Fabry-Perot interferometry (FPI) is a less common dynamic light scattering technique that is applicable to optically anisotropic nanoparticles. In FPI the frequency broadening of laser light scattered by the particles is analyzed. This broadening is proportional to the particle rotational diffusion coefficient, which is in turn related to the particle dimensions. The translational diffusion coefficient measured by PCS and the rotational diffusion coefficient measured by depolarized FPI may be combined to obtain the dimensions of non-spherical particles. DLS studies of liquid dispersions of nanometer-sized oligonucleotides in a water-based buffer are used as examples.
The effect of psychosocial measures of resilience and self-efficacy in patients with neck and lower back pain.

Abstract Background Context Psychosocial risk factors may predispose to progression of back and neck pain to chronic pain or disability. Resilience (the ability to recover from stress) and pain self-efficacy (confidence that one can perform daily activities despite pain) are important psychometric properties shown to affect health and illness. Purpose To examine the relationships among resilience, pain self-efficacy, and disability in spine patients. Design/Setting Prospective, single-center orthopedic spine clinic. Patient Sample One hundred and ninety five patients in a tertiary spine practice recruited between December 2016 and March 2017. Outcome Measures Self-reported measures: Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire 2 (PSEQ-2) Short Form, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Methods A prospective study was conducted of new patients visiting an orthopedic spine clinic complaining of neck pain or low back pain, with or without radiculopathy. Enrolled patients completed a survey of demographic information, the six-question BRS, the two-question PSEQ-2 Short Form, and NDI or ODI for neck or back pain, respectively. The relationship between BRS and NDI or ODI was examined, and the relationship between PSEQ-2 and NDI or ODI was also examined. Results A total of 195 patients were evaluated. After excluding those with incomplete NDI or ODI, 180 patients were included in the analysis (46.1% men [83/180]; mean age 53 [standard deviation: 17] years). 139 (77.2%) subjects complained of low back pain and 41 (22.8%) subjects complained of neck pain. BRS was strongly negatively correlated with NDI (r=−0.61, p Conclusions Low resilience and low pain self-efficacy are both independently associated with greater functional disability in neck and low back pain patients. Spine surgeons may find it useful to incorporate the BRS and PSEQ-2 into preoperative assessment. Future studies should examine the utility of these simple validated questionnaires in predicting response to treatments, including surgical intervention.
Basement Control on Laramide Deformation in the Powder River and Williston Basins and Adjacent Areas of the Northern Midcontinent—Tectonic Hierarchy in Continental Lithosphere

Continental lithosphere is subdivided into a tectonic hierarchy in the Powder River and Williston Basins and in adjacent areas of the northern midcontinent of North America. Small units less than about 50 sq mi (130 sq km) are termed “basement blocks”; larger elements of approximately 1000 to 1500 sq mi (18,000 sq km) are designated “lithosphere blocks.” At each scale in the hierarchy, elements consist of a mosaic of smaller units. This tectonic hierarchy in continental lithosphere controlled Laramide deformation as well as earlier episodes of epeirogenic activity.
First Papers and a Book

The paper on the parallactic inequalities adapts Hill’s method so as to include the class of inequalities depending on the ratio of the lunar and solar mean distances (a/a'). Hill, in accounting for the inequalities depending solely on the ratio of the mean motions of the Sun and Moon (n'/n), had left these “parallactic” inequalities out of account, thus implicitly assigning a zero parallax to the Sun.
A Method for Lifelong Gesture Learning Based on Growing Neural Gas

Gesture-based interfaces offer the possibility of an intuitive command language for assistive robotics and ubiquitous computing. As an individual’s health changes with age, their ability to consistently perform standard gestures may decrease, particularly towards the end of life. Thus, such interfaces will need to be capable of learning commands which are not choreographed ahead of time by the system designers. This circumstance illustrates the need for a system which engages in lifelong learning and is capable of discerning new gestures and the user’s desired response to them. This paper describes an innovative approach to lifelong learning based on clustered gesture representations identified through the Growing Neural Gas algorithm. The simulated approach utilizes a user-generated reward signal to progressively refine the response of an assistive robot toward a preferred goal configuration.
Symptoms and Signs to Look for After a Spinal Cord Injury

When a person has a spinal cord injury, it changes their life dramatically, but excellent quality of life is still possible. Close attention is required from the moment of injury to minimize further damage to the spinal cord, and the person should be transferred carefully to an acute hospital capable of treating major trauma. When they have been stabilized it is essential that they should undergo comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation in a center that specializes in spinal cord injury care. After completion of rehabilitation the injured person should have lifetime follow-up by an experienced team and pay attention to any symptoms and signs in order to make healthy choices and take action to maximize their health, function and quality of life.
Geometric and Group-Theoretic Approach

Arithmetic properties of Apollonian gaskets. Algebraic structures on Q, insertion operation, parameterization of circles in the Apollonian gasket. Nice parameterizations of disks tangent to a given disk. Apollonian gaskets with integral curvatures of disks. The Mobius inversion formula.
An Introduction to Affine Kac Moody Lie Algebras and Groups

The collection of indecomposable Kac-Moody algebras is divided into three mutually exclusive types: finite, affine, and indefinite. The finite type indecomposable Kac-Moody algebras are precisely the finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. The aim of this chapter is to explicitly realize the Kac-Moody algebras of affine type (also called the affine Kac-Moody algebras) and the associated groups. Most of the important applications of Kac-Moody theory so far center around this type. Actually, we only consider the Kac-Moody algebras g and the associated groups G of “untwisted” affine type. The “twisted” ones are obtained from the untwisted g as the subalgebra consisting of the elements fixed under an automorphism of g of finite order. The twisted affine Kac-Moody groups are obtained similarly.
Nuclear Engineering Fundamentals: A Practical Perspective

NUCLEAR ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS is the most modern, up-to-date, and reader friendly nuclear engineering textbook on the market today. It provides a thoroughly modern alternative to classical nuclear engineering textbooks that have not been updated over the last 20 years. Printed in full color, it conveys a sense of awe and wonder to anyone interested in the field of nuclear energy. It discusses nuclear reactor design, nuclear fuel cycles, reactor thermal-hydraulics, reactor operation, reactor safety, radiation detection and protection, and the interaction of radiation with matter. It presents an in-depth introduction to the science of nuclear power, nuclear energy production, the nuclear chain reaction, nuclear cross sections, radioactivity, and radiation transport. All major types of reactors are introduced and discussed, and the role of internet tools in their analysis and design is explored. Reactor safety and reactor containment systems are explored as well. To convey the evolution of nuclear science and engineering, historical figures and their contributions to evolution of the nuclear power industry are explored. Numerous examples are provided throughout the text, and are brought to life through life-like portraits, photographs, and colorful illustrations. The text follows a well-structured pedagogical approach, and provides a wide range of student learning features not available in other textbooks including useful equations, numerous worked examples, and lists of key web resources. As a bonus, a complete Solutions Manual and .PDF slides of all figures are available to qualified instructors who adopt the text. More than any other fundamentals book in a generation, it is student-friendly, and truly impressive in its design and its scope. It can be used for a one semester, a two semester, or a three semester course in the fundamentals of nuclear power. It can also serve as a great reference book for practicing nuclear scientists and engineers. To date, it has achieved the highest overall satisfaction of any mainstream nuclear engineering textbook available on the market today.
National Warming: An Exercise for World Geography

This exercise introduces students to the observation that warming is unequal at the level of regions and countries, helps them analyze why this is so, and encourages reflection on actions by specif...
Confirmatory Factor Analyses Examining Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Other Childhood Disruptive Behaviors

Over the past 15 years, three distinct models have been used to characterize the factor structure of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These models correspond to descriptions of the disorder as outlined in DSM-III, DSM-III-R, and now, DSM-IV. Specifically, in DSM-III, inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity were treated as three separate constructs. In DSM-III-R, ADHD was treated as a unitary construct. In DSM-IV, impulsivity and hyperactivity remain combined, but inattention is considered a separate construct. The present study examined and compared each of these models using confirmatory factor analyses. A final set of comparisons was conducted examining ADHD symptoms together with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) symptoms. Although support for the three-factor ADHD model (DSM-III version) was obtained when the ADHD symptoms were examined in isolation, the two-factor model of ADHD (DSM-IV version) was supported when ADHD and ODD/CD symptoms were examined together as part of a comprehensive model of disruptive behavior disorders.
Rethinking leisure time use metrics: Greater diversity in shared sibling leisure is associated with higher relationship quality during emerging adulthood:

Leisure diversity—the total number of unique leisure categories shared within a sibling dyad—may vary according to sibling characteristics (e.g., sibling gender, age difference) and predict sibling...
A poro-hyper-viscoelastic rate-dependent constitutive modeling for the analysis of brain tissues

Abstract In this paper, the dynamic behavior of bovine brain tissue, measured from in-vitro unconfined compression tests, is examined and represented through a viscoelastic biphasic model. The experiments have been carried out under three compression speeds of 10, 100, and 1000 mm/s. The results exhibited significant rate-dependent behavior. The brain tissue is modeled as a biphasic continuum consisting of a compressible solid matrix, fully saturated with an incompressible interstitial fluid. The governing equations based on conservation of mass and momentum are used to describe the solid-fluid interactions. An inverse scheme is employed in which a finite element model runs iteratively to optimize constitutive constants. The obtained material parameters of the proposed biphasic model show relatively good agreement (R2 ≥ 0.96) with the experimental tissue mechanical responses at different rates. The model can successfully capture the key aspects of the rate-dependency for both solid and fluid phases under large strain deformation. This poro-hyper viscoelastic model can effectively estimate the global and local rate-dependent tissue deformations, the spatial variations in pore spaces, hydrostatic pressure as well as fluid diffusion through the tissue.
Building free-form thin shell parts using supportless extrusion-based additive manufacturing

Abstract Conventional material extrusion additive manufacturing is capable of building complex structures. Overhanging features require the use of support structures. Printing the support structure requires additional time and material. Conventional processes need time to remove support material and may lead to degraded surface finish. The use of support structures can be avoided by dynamically reorienting the build-platform. This paper presents a novel approach to build accurate thin shell parts using supportless extrusion-based additive manufacturing. We describe the layer slicing algorithm, the tool-path planning algorithm, and the neural network-based compensated trajectory generation scheme to use a 3 degree of freedom build-platform and a 3 degree of freedom extrusion tool to build accurate thin shell parts using two manipulators. Such thin shell parts cannot be built without supports by previous supportless AM processes. We illustrate the usefulness of our algorithms by building several thin shell parts.