cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
WE‐E‐T‐617‐01: A Reduction in Neutron Production Through the Use of a Flattening‐Filter‐Free Accelerator

Purpose: High-energy photon treatments (E > 10-MV) are contaminated by neutrons that are produced in the accelerator head. These neutrons are detrimental as they deliver stray radiation dose to the patient, as well as activating components in the treatment vault, which irradiates the radiation therapist. A reduction in the neutron fluence may be achieved through the removal of the flattening filter. Method and Materials: A Varian 2100 accelerator was operated in 18-MV photon mode using the flattening filter and also without the flattening-filter. The neutron fluence was measured with moderated gold foils at several points in the patient plane. Additionally, an 8-field prostate IMRT treatment plan was generated in Eclipse version 6.5 for an anthropomorphic Rando phantom for both the flattening-filter and flattening-filter-free modes. Results: The neutron fluence per MU was found to be 20% lower in the flattening-filter-free mode. Furthermore, as the flattening-filter-free mode has a higher dose per MU on central axis, an IMRT treatment for a Rando phantom required only 3,724 MU as compared to 10,981 MU for the flattening-filter mode. For the Rando treatment there would be a reduction of over 70% in the number of produced neutrons. Conclusions: The neutron fluence per MU and per treatment was substantially decreased through the use of a flattening-filter-free accelerator. This corresponds to a reduction in the patient dose from stray neutrons, as well as a reduction in the activation dose to the radiation therapist. Conflict of Interest: This work was supported in part by a grant from Varian Medical Systems.
P-50: The Impact of Thermal Stress, Mechanical Stress and Environment on Dimensional Reproducibility of Polyester Film During Flexible Electronics Processing

DuPont Teijin Films™ (DTF) have developed engineered substrates specifically for the flexible electronics market. Teonex ®Q65 and Melinex ST506/504 are biaxially oriented crystalline polyesters with the option of planarised surfaces are emerging as competitive materials for the base substrate in OLED displays and active matrix backplanes. Given the demanding dimensional reproducibility requirements in the display applications, it is critical to control the several factors that can influence the film distortion to achieve the ultimate performance that can be achieved with the base substrate. This paper will discuss the impact of thermal stress, mechanical stress and the processing environment on dimensional reproducibility of polyester film and give examples of how this impacts on the film in device manufacture.
Multiple unrelated clonal abnormalities in host bone marrow cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Abstract A 22-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) received fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) (1440 cGy) and etoposide (60 mg/kg) followed by infusion of 10×10 6 /kg CD34+ selected stem cells from his mother. Donor and recipient were 50% matched at the HLA-A and -B loci and 100% at HLA-DR. Mixed lymphocyte culture reaction was negative. Post-stem cell transplant (SCT) immunosuppression consisted of antithymocyte globulin, cyclosporine, and prednisone, and was discontinued after 7 months. The donor graft was rejected 2 years post-SCT. At 7 years post-SCT, he is clinically well with normal blood counts and no evidence of CML or myelodysplasia despite the presence over 6 years of multiple clones with balanced translocations and deletions in host bone marrow cells. The emergence of clonal hematopoiesis may provide insights into therapy-related leukemogenesis.
Strength and range of motion of females with carpal tunnel syndrome

Abstract An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the grip and fingertip pinch strength, and range of motion of females with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The range of motion of the wrist was measured in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Strength and range of motion measurements were also conducted on a control group. Results indicate that some strength and range of motion measures of the females with CTS were significantly different from that of the control group. Also, measurements in different planes caused significant differences in some range of motions of the wrist for both the CTS and the control groups.
Sources and transport of suspended particulates in the Caribbean Sea

Abstract Gravimetric and light-scattering studies of total suspended matter reveal that the bulk of this material is introduced into the Caribbean through the passages of the Lesser Antilles, most likely the result of discharge of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers. A broad suspended-matter high extends northward from the South American coast, apparently related to northward advection at the confluence of the westward-moving Caribbean Current and an easterly coastal countercurrent off Colombia. Particulate matter distribution may be accounted for by transport from the northern and eastern sills, with resuspension in the deep basins playing a minor role. Localized concentrations appear to be entering through the Greater Antillean sills, and then are carried westward by the prevailing currents.
Depression and ambivalence toward chronic opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain.

Author(s): Howe, Catherine Q; Sullivan, Mark D; Saunders, Kathleen W; Merrill, Joseph O; Banta-Green, Caleb J; Weisner, Constance; Campbell, Cynthia I; Von Korff, Michael | Abstract: ObjectivesChronic opioid therapy (COT) for chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) is characterized by both high rates of patient-initiated discontinuation and by perceived helpfulness among those who sustain opioid use. This study examines predictors of the desire to cut down or stop opioid therapy among patients receiving COT who report that opioids are helpful for relieving pain.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1737 selected patients receiving COT for CNCP who perceived opioids to be helpful in relieving their pain. Ambivalence about opioid use was assessed by agreement/disagreement with a statement indicating that they would like to stop or cut down the use of prescribed opioid medications. Depression was measured with the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire.ResultsA high percentage (43.3%) of survey respondents who found opioids helpful also reported the desire to stop or cut down opioids. Half of these patients reporting the desire to stop or cut down were clinically depressed, compared with a third of those not wanting to stop or cut down, a highly significant difference after controlling for covariates (Pl0.0001). The group wanting to stop or cut down opioid use also reported significantly higher levels of opioid-related psychosocial problems and opioid control concerns.DiscussionThere are high rates of ambivalence about opioid use among COT recipients who consider opioids helpful for pain relief. Depressed patients are more likely to be ambivalent about use of prescribed opioids. Eliciting patient ambivalence may be helpful in patients who are not benefiting from long-term opioid use as an initial step toward consideration of discontinuation.
Emergency treatment of status epilepticus: current thinking

Current thinking about the acute treatment of status epilepticus (SE) emphasizes a more aggressive clinical approach to this common life-threatening neurologic emergency. In this review, the authors consider four concepts that can accelerate effective treatment of SE. These include (1) updating the definition of SE to make it more clinically relevant, (2) consideration of faster ways to initiate first-line benzodiazepine therapy in the prehospital environment, (3) moving to second-line agents more quickly in refractory status in the emergency department, and (4) increasing detection and treatment of unrecognized nonconvulsive SE in comatose neurologic emergency patients.
A Clockwork War: Rhetorics of Time in a Time of Terror

Expressions of time have increasingly infused the rhetorical experience of post-industrial war, especially since 9/11. This essay demonstrates how these “signs of time” operate as one of three tropes: deadline/countdown, infinite/infinitesimal war, and the ticking clock. The persistence of such signs of time in public discourse can be seen as an expression of what Paul Virilio has called the “chronopolis,” a political universe textured by real-time communication technologies. The chronopolitical will exhibits certain autocratic traits at odds with democratic ideals, primarily the refashioning of citizen identity into that of the “contemporary.” The analysis here charts the autocratic rhetoric of the chronopolis as a critical democratic project.
“The Magocsi Problem” (Problema Magochoho): a preliminary deconstruction and contextualization

An academic gathering – be it a symposium, a conference, or a round-table – to examine the work of a fellow scholar is invariably timely. At the very least it presupposes a consensus on the basic significance of the subject being addressed and a collective decision to address it. As a launch of a new book (in Ukraine a phenomenon known as prezentatsiia), it provides the welcome opportunity to discuss a new contribution and with that to fill in and redraw our map of the field. If more than one work or project is involved, it provides a still greater opportunity, and indeed poses a scholarly obligation, to see the larger picture and to engage in stock-taking and rethinking. By contextualizing, problematizing, and where need be, deconstructing, we recalibrate our understanding and thus revive the field and our commitment to it. Clearly, the process of laudatio, of paying homage to achievements spanning a whole career, also contributes to this.
The hemodynamic effects of medetomidine continuous rate infusions in the dog

Abstract Objective To characterize the hemodynamic effects of continuous rate infusions (CRI) of medetomidine administered at doses ranging from 0 to 3 μg kg −1 hour −1 . Study design Prospective, blinded, randomized experimental trial. Animals Six adult purpose-bred mongrel dogs. Methods Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Dogs recovered from anesthesia after which baseline hemodynamic measurements were obtained via lithium dilution cardiac output (CO) determination, with subsequent measurements via pulse power analysis to provide continuous CO determinations. Medetomidine, 1, 2, or 3 μg kg −1 hour −1 or a volume equivalent placebo, was administered via CRI for 60 minutes. Systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), CO and stroke volume were measured and stroke index (SI), cardiac index (CI), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were calculated at 3, 7, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes from the start of the infusion. Results Increase in dose decreased SI by 25%, 19%, and 30%, HR by 33%, 57%, and 60%, CI by 50%, 65%, 70% and increased TPRI by 109%, 235%, and 222% from baseline to the 60-minute measurement for the 1, 2, and 3 μg kg −1 hour −1 doses, respectively. HR, TPRI, and CI all showed significant differences over the duration of the study from the placebo treatment. Conclusions Medetomidine CRI produces clinically relevant changes in CO, TPR, and HR. The demonstrated decrease in CO is largely because of bradycardia and the degree of cardiovascular depression appears to be dose-dependent. These findings are consistent with previously described hemodynamic changes with single bolus administration of medetomidine. Clinical relevance Low-dose medetomidine CRIs produce clinically relevant hemodynamic depression at doses as low as 1 μg kg −1 hour −1 and should be used cautiously in dogs.
MAGNETORESISTANCE IN RARE EARTH SINGLE CRYSTALS

Abstract The magnetoresistance of single crystals of holmium and dysprosium has been measured over a wide temperature range in the region of magnetic ordering. The results reflect the modification of the Fermi surface and the changes in the spin wave scattering of the conduction electrons when the magnetic ordering changes. When a large field is applied along the magnetically easy direction and the magnetic periodicity is destroyed, a large decrease in the direction is observed, primarily due to the removal of superzone energy gaps in the electron dispersion curves. Changes of resistivity in the basal plane are thought to be mainly a consequence of changes in the spin wave spectra. A short discussion is given of the motion in a magnetic field of an electron in a periodic magnetic structure.
Simultaneous velocity and concentration field measurements of passive-scalar mixing in a confined rectangular jet

Simultaneous velocity and concentration fields in a confined liquid-phase rectangular jet with a Reynolds number based on the hydraulic diameter of 50,000 (or 10,000 based on the velocity difference between streams and the jet exit dimension) and a Schmidt number of 1,250 were obtained by means of a combined particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) system. Data were collected at the jet exit and six further downstream locations. The velocity and concentration field data were analyzed for flow statistics such as turbulent fluxes, turbulent viscosity and diffusivity, and turbulent Schmidt number (Sc T ). The streamwise turbulent flux was found to be larger than the transverse turbulent flux, and the mean concentration gradient was not aligned with the turbulent flux vector. The average Sc T was found to vary both in streamwise and in cross stream directions and had a mean value around 0.8, a value consistent with the literature. Spatial correlation fields of turbulent fluxes and concentration were then determined. The R u′ϕ′ correlation was elliptical in shape with a major axis tilted downward with respect to the streamwise axis, whereas the R v′ϕ′ correlation was an ellipse with a major axis aligned with the cross-stream direction. Negative regions of R u′ϕ′ were observed in the outer streams, and these negatively correlated regions decayed with downstream distance and finally disappeared altogether. The R ϕ′ϕ′ correlation field was found to be an ellipse with the major axis inclined at about 45° with respect to the streamwise direction. Linear stochastic estimation was used to interpret spatial correlation data and to determine conditional flow structures. It is believed that a vortex street formed near the splitter plate is responsible for the negatively correlated region observed in the R u′ϕ′ spatial correlations of turbulent fluxes. A positive concentration fluctuation event was observed to correspond to a finger of nearly uniform concentration fluid reaching out into the outer stream, whereas a negative event corresponds to a pocket of nearly uniform fluid being entrained from the outer stream into the center jet region. Large-scale vortical structures were observed in the conditional velocity fields with an elliptical shape and a streamwise major axis. The growth of the structure size increased linearly initially but then grew more slowly as the flow transitioned toward channel flow.
Understanding and Overcoming Barriers to Substance Abuse Treatment Access for People with Mental Retardation

People with mental retardation have experienced increasing levels of freedom and access to community living over the past 40 years. This has included access to alcohol, illicit drugs and the potential for developing substance abuse and related problems. The manner in which people with mental retardation have handled this access has been recognized since the de institutionalization era began. Despite this recognition, documented barriers to accessing substance abuse treatment for people with mental retardation exist and there is an overarching lack of knowledge about accessible treatment approaches for this population. Policy and practice recommendations are presented for disability and rehabilitation social workers in order to better understand and combat barriers to substance abuse treatment.
Focusing infrared edge and synchrotron radiation with a large numerical aperture

Abstract For a large numerical aperture, the focusing of long-wavelength edge and synchrotron radiation from an electron is modeled. The central obscuration of Schwarzschild optics is also considered. For a numerical aperture of 0.65, typical of an infrared microscope, the maximum energy density of the focused electric field is reduced by ∼50%, compared to paraxial focusing calculations that do not consider a central obscuration. With a large numerical aperture, some light rays strike the focal plane at grazing incidence, producing longitudinally polarized radiation. For a numerical aperture of one, focused edge and synchrotron radiation produce similar spots of longitudinally polarized radiation, whose diameter is about one-half wavelength. The small size and large radiation field of these spots may be useful in experiments that require localized radiation with polarization perpendicular to the sample surface.
Management of diethylene glycol ingestion

Context. Diethylene glycol is a toxic alcohol used as an industrial solvent in various products. Human exposure to diethylene glycol has resulted in multisystem organ dysfunction and death in cases...
Antonin Scalia, William Brennan, and the politics of expression: a study of legal violence and repression

The study of legal politics often attends to the description and explanation of the instrumental politics of legal change or to the mobilization of rights by individual citizens as an act of empowerment beneficial to their individual liberty. Drawing far less attention from the discipline is the privileged construction of a discourse or set of attitudes about rights by the judiciary. I present a case study of the First Amendment opinions of two members of the Supreme Court of the United States to criticize the range of their attitudes about rights and to illustrate how their opinions help construct and legitimate the disciplinary actions that provide order in the modern liberal regime. To preserve order, the justices are shown to use the language of rights as an instrument for the facilitation of violence, repression, and subjection against some litigants, rather than as an instrument for the enhancement of expressive liberties.
Predator threat induces behavioral inhibition, pituitary-adrenal activation and changes in amygdala CRF-binding protein gene expression

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is an adaptive defensive response to threat; however, extreme BI is associated with anxiety-related psychopathology. When rats are exposed to a natural predator they display stress- and anxiety-related behavioral alterations and physiological activation. To develop a preclinical rodent model to study mechanisms underlying human BI and anxiety, we examined the extent to which ferret exposure elicits anxiety-related BI and HPA and amygdala activation of the CRF system. In the first experiment, BI and other behaviors were assessed in the presence or absence of a ferret. In the second experiment, ferret-induced corticosterone release and changes in brain c-fos expression were assessed. In the final experiment, gene chip and quantitative real time-PCR analyses were performed on amygdala tissue from control and ferret-exposed rats. Ferret exposure increased BI and submissive posturing, as well as plasma corticosterone and the number of Fos-positive cells in several brain regions including the amygdala. Gene expression analysis revealed increased amygdalar mRNA for CRF-binding protein, but not the CRF1 receptor, CRF2 receptor or CRF. In rodents, ferret exposure can be used to elicit anxiety-related BI, which is associated with HPA and amygdala activation. Since the amygdala and the CRF system have been implicated in adaptive and maladaptive anxiety responses in humans, these data support use of our rodent model to further investigate mechanisms underlying anxiety-related psychopathology in humans.
The Role of Quadrupole Forces in Van Der Waals Attractions

van der Waals forces between atoms without permanent poles may be described as resulting from the interactions of multipoles associated with quantum transitions of the atoms. When the atoms are far apart, the dipole interaction is the only appreciable one. But at distances of the order of the kinetic theory radius, higher poles, usually neglected, must be considered. This paper examines and evaluates three terms of the series of interactions: the dipole-dipole, the dipole-quadrupole, and the quadrupole-quadrupole term, instead of the customary first term alone. The last appears to be in general small, but the dipole-quadrupole term requires consideration. Its effect is illustrated by plotting the potential energy curve for two helium atoms (a) neglecting the term, and (b) including it. The method outlined permits an easy estimate of dipole and quadrupole forces for all substances for which the wave function of only the normal state is known.
Les réfrigérants fluorocarbonés et l'environnement☆

Resume La communaute scientifique et l'industrie trouveront-elles une solution globale au probleme cause par l'elimination des CFC et ce, dans les delais prescrits par le Programme des Nations-Unies pour l'Environnement? Les alternatives a l'usage des CFC, les incertitudes qu'elles soulevent et leur impact sur l'environnement sont les defis a surmonter pour assurer le developpement durable de l'industrie du froid.
“Half the Battle”: Cultural Resonance, Framing Processes, and Ethnic Affectations in Contemporary White Separatist Rhetoric

A recent critique of frame analysis in social movements suggested that future studies (I) be sensitive to bridging micro- and macro-levels of analysis, and (2) attend better to human agency and emotions in the framing process. This paper addresses those and other issues in an examination of the “new racist” (NR) rhetoric of contemporary white separatists (WS's) who focus on legitimating their movement using a cultural pluralist master-frame. In the context of theories about social movements, affect, and the social construction of ethnicity, I describe how NRWS's engage in frame-transformation and frame-alignment by (a) consciously packaging a “hate-free” racism, (b) developing strategies of equivalence and reversal–presenting whites as equivalent to ethnic and racial minorities, and (c) deploying ideas about “love,” “pride,” and “heritage-preservation” to evidence both their putative lack of animosity toward others as well as their ethnic credentials. I interpret these ethnic affectations as contextually bound efforts at truth construction that offer an opportunity to explore the role of affect in social movements. I conclude that the product of these claims is Kultural Pluralism: a blurring of distinctions between Cultural Pluralism and white supremacist racism, designed to emotionally appeal broadly to moderate and mainstream conservative whites.
Assessing face and speech consistency for monologue detection in video

This paper considers schemes for determining which of a set of faces on screen, if any, is producing speech in a video soundtrack. Whilst motivated by the TREC 2002 (Video Retrieval Track) monologue detection task, the schemes are also applicable to voice and face-based biometrics systems, for assessing lip synchronization quality in movie editing and computer animation, and for speaker localization in video. Several approaches are discussed: two implementations of a generic mutual-information-based measure of the degree of synchrony between signals, which can be used with or without prior speech and face detection, and a stronger model-based scheme which follows speech and face detection with an assessment of face and lip movement plausibility. Schemes are compared on a corpus of 1016 test cases containing multiple faces and multiple speakers, a test set 200 times larger than the nearest comparable test set of which we are aware. The most successful and computationally cheapest scheme obtains an accuracy of 82% on the task of picking the "consistent" speaker from a set including three confusers. A final experiment demonstrates the potential utility of the scheme for speaker localization in video.
Converging flow of a viscoelastic liquid

Abstract Two-dimensional creeping sink flow of a Maxwell fluid is an accurate approximation to a bounded converging flow of contraction ratio at least 5 : 1 and covergence half-angles of up to 45°. In this range, a perturbation expansion in Weissenberg number can be used over most of the flow field in the range where stable processing can be carried out.
POLYGYNANDRY IN THE DUSKY PIPEFISH SYNGNATHUS FLORIDAE REVEALED BY MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS

In the dusky pipefish Syngnathus floridae, like other species in the family Syngnathidae, 'pregnant' males provide all post-zygotic care. Male pregnancy has interesting implications for sexual selection theory and the evolution of mating systems. Here, we employ microsatellite markers to describe the genetic mating system of S. floridae, compare the outcome with a previous report of genetic polyandry for the Gulf pipefish S. scovelli, and consider possible associations between the mating system and degree of sexual dimorphism in these species. Twenty-two pregnant male dusky pipefish from one locale in the northern Gulf of Mexico were analyzed genetically, together with subsamples of 42 embryos from each male's brood pouch. Adult females also were assayed. The genotypes observed in these samples document that cuckoldry by males did not occur; males often receive eggs from multiple females during the course of a pregnancy (six males had one mate each, 13 had two mates, and three had three mates); embryos from different females are segregated spatially within a male's brood pouch; and a female's clutch of eggs often is divided among more than one male. Thus, the genetic mating system of the dusky pipefish is best described as polygynandrous. The genetic results for S. floridae and S. scovelli are consistent with a simple model of sexual selection which predicts that for sex role-reversed organisms, species with greater degrees of sexual dimorphism are more highly polyandrous.
Clinical trials in cancer prevention.

Research in cancer prevention can be divided into laboratory research, epidemiologic research, and clinical trials. When results from laboratory and/or epidemiologic research support the possibility of clinical cancer prevention, these leads should be subjected to study in clinical trials. If clinical trials produce positive results, wide application of these results to the relevant segments of the general population should then be emphasized. Why are clinical trials needed in cancer prevention? There are several considerations: (1) epidemiologic studies may lack specificity, that is, the ability to reach conclusions that apply to only one specific factor, (2) the predictive value of animal models based on laboratory studies is not entirely known; (3) clinical trials quantitate the level of participant acceptance of the intervention; and (4) clinical trials address the issues of risk/benefit ratios. Over the last 3 years, the National Cancer Institute has supported the development of a program of clinical trials in cancer prevention. The aim of these studies includes the reversal of precursor lesions, prevention of progression from a precursor state to overt malignancy, reduction in the incidence of malignancy, reduction in cancer mortality, and reduction in overall mortality. Interventions under study include a diet with less than 20% of calories from fat, and the administration of single agents or combinations of agents, including beta carotene, vitamin A, 13-cis-retinoic acid, vitamins C, E, and B12, and folacin.
RE-ENTRANT ROTATING WAVES IN A BEELER–REUTER BASED MODEL OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL CARDIAC ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY

Propagation of cardiac electrical activity is simulated in a two-dimensional sheet of cells using the cable equation and the Beeler–Reuter membrane model for ventricular muscle cells. Re-entrant patterns are produced using the original Beeler–Reuter equations and two modified versions involving changes in the calcium and sodium channel dynamics. Both stable rotating waves and irregular activity are observed. The model is shown to exhibit conduction block due to stationary repolarization fronts. The origin and properties of these fronts are described.
Impact of the pediatric tonsillectomy and polysomnography clinical practice guidelines

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of the recently published guidelines on Tonsillectomy in Children and Polysomnography for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Prior to Tonsillectomy in Children on physician practice patterns. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Method Survey of members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery. Setting Academic tertiary referral center. Results A total of 280 physicians completed the survey, with a response rate of 41.7%. 93% of respondents had read the clinical practice guidelines. Many respondents had completed a pediatric otolaryngology fellowship (46%). A large group of physicians (46%) continue to prescribe antibiotics within 24 h after surgery. One-third of respondents stopped prescribing antibiotics because of the guidelines. Discord between severity of symptoms and tonsil size was the most common reason cited for ordering a polysomnogram prior to tonsillectomy (76%). The most common reason cited for admission post-tonsillectomy was age less than 3 (40%). Less than half of physicians prescribe NSAIDs for pain control (43.8%) despite its safety profile, and only 23% reported that the guidelines influenced their use of NSAIDs postoperatively. Most respondents use intra-operative steroids (90%) as recommended. Conclusion The guidelines are intended to provide evidence based direction in tonsillectomy practices and improve referral patterns for polysomnography prior to tonsillectomy. The majority of the surveyed otolaryngologists reviewed these guidelines and some have changed their practice secondary to the guidelines. However, many physicians continue to prescribe post-operative antibiotics and do not use NSAIDs.
Performance of Coded Direct-Sequence Systems with Rake Reception in a Multipath Fading Environment

The probability of error is determined for an uncoded coherent direct-sequence spread-spectrum system with rake reception operating in a specular multipath fading environment. Bounds on the probability of error for a convolutionally-coded system are also calculated through the use of the union bound. The model that is utilized contains a large number of paths divided into groups across the signalling interval. The rake is assumed to be locked onto the direct path and one strong path from each of a subset of the other groups. The probability of error is calculated using the characteristic function to determine the effect of various system parameters such as the processing gain and the number of rake branches. Comparisons are made with results obtained through the standard Gaussian assumption. Finally, further analytic results are presented for the rake receiver in the low signal-to-noise ratio limit.
Neurogenic Stress Cardiomyopathy in Heart Donors

Cardiac transplantation is severely restricted by donor availability. Left ventricular dysfunction due to neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy is often seen during donor evaluation and often presents a clinical dilemma for procurement. We report a case of a 23-year-old man with severe left ventricular dysfunction whose heart was successfully procured for transplantation. The brief case report is followed by an extensive review of neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy as well as donor evaluation for cardiac transplantation in the setting of such cardiomyopathy.
Estimation of Selection Parameters using Multi‐generation Cytonuclear Data

We have developed an approximate maximum likelihood framework for the problem of estimating the selection coefficients in a simple fertility selection model via random union of zygotes. We consider a sampling scheme where a random sample from each (discrete) generation of a population observed over several generations is collected and genotyped based on one nuclear locus and a cytonuclear locus, simultaneously. Simulation results show excellent small sample performance of the resulting approximate MLE. Asymptotic variance-covariance matrix of our estimator is also obtained. We further show that these estimates can be used to obtain simple test statistics for testing various types of selection hypotheses including a test of neutrality.
Nearly Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields in In Vivo Focal T2-Weighted MRI

We present and evaluate a new method for automatically labeling the subfields of the hippocampal formation in focal 0.4 × 0.5 × 2.0mm(3) resolution T2-weighted magnetic resonance images that can be acquired in the routine clinical setting with under 5 min scan time. The method combines multi-atlas segmentation, similarity-weighted voting, and a novel learning-based bias correction technique to achieve excellent agreement with manual segmentation. Initial partitioning of MRI slices into hippocampal 'head', 'body' and 'tail' slices is the only input required from the user, necessitated by the nature of the underlying segmentation protocol. Dice overlap between manual and automatic segmentation is above 0.87 for the larger subfields, CA1 and dentate gyrus, and is competitive with the best results for whole-hippocampus segmentation in the literature. Intraclass correlation of volume measurements in CA1 and dentate gyrus is above 0.89. Overlap in smaller hippocampal subfields is lower in magnitude (0.54 for CA2, 0.62 for CA3, 0.77 for subiculum and 0.79 for entorhinal cortex) but comparable to overlap between manual segmentations by trained human raters. These results support the feasibility of subfield-specific hippocampal morphometry in clinical studies of memory and neurodegenerative disease.
Voxel-based probabilistic space-time prisms for analysing animal movements and habitat use

Time-geographic analysis has been limited in the past by its capacity to model only potential locations for moving objects, without sufficiently evaluating which locations are more probable. This paper expands upon existing research in probabilistic time geography by accomplishing two main tasks. First, a new geocomputational approach is presented for generating probabilistic space-time prisms. Here, probabilistic space-time prisms are represented as three-dimensional rasters of volume elements, or voxels, that record the probability that an object was located at any location at any time. After describing the geocomputational approach, its utility is illustrated through a detailed analysis of tracking data collected for a Muscovy duck (Cairina mochata). Specifically, probabilistic space-time prisms are used to map the duck’s fine-scale movement patterns over five complete days of global positioning system (GPS)-tracking. Then, the space-time prisms are used in conjunction with a detailed habitat map of th...
A Possible Link between Infection with Burkholderia Bacteria and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Based on Epitope Mimicry

We previously demonstrated that purified polyclonal and monoclonal anti-dsDNA antibodies bind a 15-mer peptide ASPVTARVLWKASHV in ELISA and Dot blot. This 15-mer peptide partial sequence ARVLWKASH shares similarity with burkholderia bacterial cytochrome B 561 partial sequence ARVLWRATH. In this study, we show that purified anti-dsDNA antibodies react with burkholderia fungorum bacterial cell lysates in Western blot. We used anti-dsDNA antibodies to make an anti-dsDNA antibodies affinity column and used this column to purify the burkholderia fungorum bacterial protein. Purified anti-dsDNA antibodies bind specifically to purified bacterial antigen and purified bacterial antigen blocked the anti-dsDNA antibodies binding to dsDNA antigen. Sera with anti-dsDNA antibodies bind specifically to purified bacterial antigen. We obtained protein partial sequence of RAGTDEGFG which is shared with burkholderia bacterial transcription regulator protein sequence. Sera with anti-dsDNA antibodies bind to RAGTDEGFG peptide better than control groups. These data support our hypothesis that the origin of anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE may be associated with burkholderia bacterial infection.
A 3D microwave imaging method for earth observation

Microwave imaging techniques which can provide all-weather, day-and-night imaging capability have important applications to many fields. It is an active area to explore new microwave imaging ideas, systems and techniques. In our previous work, we proposed a new microwave imaging method for earth observation. In this method, the transmitter and receiver are located in different platforms, and only a monochromatic microwave is required to illuminate the earth surface. Numerical simulation results show that this method can produce microwave images with high spatial and radiation resolutions. In this paper, as an extension of our previous work, we study some important properties of this method, which lead to a very promising potential application in 3-dimensional (3D) imaging for earth observation.
Pattern and process in the afterlife: legacy effects of canopy tree distribution on post-disturbance regeneration

Wild et al. (2014, Journal of Vegetation Science 25: 1327–1340) document persistent effects of the spatial distribution of canopy trees on the distribution of regeneration following stand-replacing disturbance in montane Norway spruce forests. The authors suggest a simple physical process for these legacy effects – the accumulation of winter-dispersed seeds in ‘tree-wells’ with lower snow depth around the trunks of living and recently dead trees.
Access to care for vulnerable veterans with hepatitis C: a hybrid conceptual framework and a case study to guide translation

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is the largest single provider of medical care to people with hepatitis C (HCV) in the USA. Given the advent of promising new HCV therapies, the VHA is now faced with a large number of chronically HCV-infected veterans with concomitant psychiatric or substance use comorbid conditions who will need to either be retreated or newly treated for HCV or will require management for chronic liver disease. There is a critical need in the VHA for behavioral medicine and hepatology specialists, along with infectious disease and primary care providers with an interest in hepatitis C, to provide coordinated care for these complex patients. The VHA Health Services Research and Development Service has advocated for the application of strong implementation science theories and methods to translate new models of healthcare delivery in clinical practice. To inform the delivery and evaluation of integrated behavioral medicine and specialty care for vulnerable patient populations, we sought to develop an enriched framework which incorporates implementation science theory and strong conceptual models for access to care. In this paper, we present a hybrid conceptual framework that accomplishes this goal. To illustrate how this hybrid model could inform the translation of a novel method of healthcare delivery, we provide a case study of a VHA initiative to improve access to integrated behavioral medicine and specialty care among veterans with HCV.
The non-photic induction of spermatogenic development in European starlings

Detailed studies of the photosexual biology of male European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) document a non-obligatory involvement of photoperiod in the induction of testicular metamorphosis. Although post-winter solstice increases in daily photophase duration are responsible for the ecologically correct chronology of the annual reproductive cycle, starlings maintained in the absence of daily photostimulation under go testicular metamorphosis with complete spermatogenic development. Present experiments reveal that the rate of testicular growth in starlings held in constant darkness (DD) is affected by previous photoperiodic experience. Birds held under a natural northtemperate zone photoperiod and transferred to DD on 13 September require significantly fewer days to achieve spermatogenic testes than birds pretreated under 12-and 14-h photoperiods or in constant light (LL). Complete spermatogenesis in the 14-h group is achieved only after a greater duration of DD exposure than in all other birds. Variations in the extent of the 12-h pretreatment period do not alter the testis growth rate in starlings subsequently transferred to DD. It is suggested that photoperiodic conditions applied prior to the initiation of DD treatment may affect the characteristics of circadian oscillations that occur in the absence of a photoperiodic zeitgeber, and thus change the reproductive response rate through alterations of hormonal secretions from the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis.
P17.33STEM CELLS AND GLIOMAS: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

The recognition of stem cells (SC) in the adult central nervous system and in association with gliomas has spawned an entire field of research and intense investigation. A large body of knowledge is being accumulated to gain insight into the pathobiology of gliomas with the intent of finally improving the grave prognosis that continues to beset patients with high grade gliomas (HGG). In this work, we provide a historical overview of the events leading to the discovery of SC and glioma stem cells (GSC). We then focus on the current understanding of GSC with respect to markers, clinical significance, and their targeting. We discuss current data and developments using SC as vehicles to delivery therapeutic agents to HGG, including our recent development of patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for future development and concepts aimed at reducing tumor recurrence and improving survival for patients with HGG.
Unraveling the origin of the major mutation induced by ultraviolet light, the C→T transition at dTpdC sites. A DNA synthesis building block for the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer of dTpdU.

Abstract One possible origin of the major mutation induced by ultraviolet light, the C→T transition at dTpdC sites, involves the replicative bypass of the cyclobutane dimer of dTpdC or its deamination product, the cis-syn dimer of dTpdU. In order to investigate the latter proposal, we have designed and synthesized a building block for the incorporation of the cis-syn dTpdU dimer into oligonucleotides by automated solid phase DNA synthesis technology.
Compressible Alfven turbulence in one dimension

We present the simplest extension of the Burgers equation to include the effects of magnetic pressure. For unity magnetic Prandtl number, an exact solution exists that describes Alfvenic shock waves. For forced turbulence with arbitrary diffusivities, renormalized perturbation theory is used to show that the only stable, physically accessible fixed point corresponds to a state of equidissipation. Energy equipartition, however, requires the equality of the forcing functions. Implications for the spectra of turbulence and self-organization phenomena in magnetohydrodynamics are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Modulates Hepatocyte Proliferation Pathways To Stimulate Viral Replication

Worldwide, there are over 350 million people who are chronically infected with the human hepatitis B virus (HBV); chronic HBV infections are associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The results of various studies suggest that the HBV X protein (HBx) has a role in the development of HBV-associated HCC. HBx can regulate numerous cellular signal transduction pathways, including those that modulate cell proliferation. Many previous studies that analyzed the impact of HBx on cell proliferation pathways were conducted using established or immortalized cell lines, and when HBx was expressed in the absence of HBV replication, and the precise effect of HBx on these pathways has often differed depending on experimental conditions. We have studied the effect of HBx on cell proliferation in cultured primary rat hepatocytes, a biologically relevant system. We demonstrate that HBx, both by itself and in the context of HBV replication, affected the levels and activities of various cell cycle-regulatory proteins to induce normally quiescent hepatocytes to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle but not to proceed to S phase. We linked HBx regulation of cell proliferation to cytosolic calcium signaling and HBx stimulation of HBV replication. Cumulatively, our studies suggest that HBx induces normally quiescent hepatocytes to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle and that this calcium-dependent HBx activity is required for HBV replication. These studies identify an essential function of HBx during HBV replication and a mechanism that may connect HBV infections to the development of HCC.
Ambulatory characteristics of the visually disabled

Ground-reaction force patterns were examined in three groups: sighted, blindfolded, and blind. Fifteen subjects, aged 19 to 41, participated in the study. Ten walking trials were collected over a 5-meter distance. The data were analyzed by normalization for body weight, extraction of specific ground-reaction force parameters through force-time curve analysis routines, and averaging across the ten trials for each subject. Results of a one-way analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant differences when force patterns were analyzed in terms of mediolateral and vertical ground-reaction force components. Blind subjects were shown to have significantly greater (p < 0.05) maximum braking and propelling forces.
Free will versus survival: Brain systems that underlie intrinsic constraints on behavior

This article discusses the neuroanatomical systems involved in the related functions of fear and discernment of the consequences of one's actions, two internal constraints on free will and action. Both mechanisms are related to a system for control and modulation of visceral function stretching from the spinal cord to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, including the ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, and mediodorsal thalamus, the amygdala, the hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray (PAG), and the brainstem reticular formation and autonomic nuclei. Reflexes at the lower levels provide rapid visceral and somatic reactions to threatening stimuli, while the PAG and hypothalamus coordinate these to produce more concerted responses. The amygdala interacts with the cortical sensory systems in the assessment of fear-related stimuli and modulates the reflex responses through projections to the hypothalamus and brainstem. The ventromedial prefrontal cortex, especially the "medial prefrontal network," is connected to the amygdala, hypothalamus, and PAG, and allows cortical control over the system in relation to a wider set of emotions. This cortical region is involved both in the assessment of reward and in mood disorders and it plays a central role in the ability to discern the consequences of one's actions and make appropriate behavioral choices. It also forms an interconnected circuit with specific cortical areas in the rostral superior temporal cortex, posterior parahippocampal cortex, and retrosplenial/posterior cingulate cortex. The overall function of this circuit is unclear, but may be involved in introspective monitoring of the individual.
Resonantly enhanced sum-frequency generation in adsorbed monolayers of rhodamine 6G

Abstract Resonantly enhanced sum frequency generation in sub-monolayers of rhodamine 6G dye is reported. With the use of two lasers, one of the input frequencies, ω 1 , is in resonance with the S 0 →S 1 transition and the output sum frequency, ω 1 + ω 2 , is in resonance with the S 0 →S 2 transition of the dye. The sum-frequency signal is enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude relative to resonantly enhanced second-harmonic generation where only the output frequency is in resonance with S 0 →S 2 .