cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency identification technology: applications, technical challenges and strategies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the technology behind RFID systems, identify the applications of RFID in various industries, and discuss the technical challenges of RFID implementation and the corresponding strategies to overcome those challenges.Design/methodology/approach – Comprehensive literature review and integration of the findings from literature.Findings – Technical challenges of RFID implementation include tag cost, standards, tag and reader selection, data management, systems integration and security. The corresponding solution is suggested for each challenge.Research limitations/implications – A survey type research is needed to validate the results.Practical implications – This research offers useful technical guidance for companies which plan to implement RFID and we expect it to provide the motivation for much future research in this area.Originality/value – As the infancy of RFID applications, few researches have existed to address the technical issues of RFID implementat...
Functional and Metabolic Effects of Adenosine in Cardioplegia: Role of Temperature and Concentration

Abstract Background . Addition of adenosine to cardioplegic fluid has been shown to improve myocardial tolerance to ischemia. This study was designed to investigate further this phenomenon to evaluate the dose-response and the temperature dependence of the effect of addition of adenosine to St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution. Methods . The isolated working rat heart model was used in this study. After the assessment of control function, hearts (6 in each group) were subjected to infusions of cardioplegic solution containing 0.0 (control), 0.1, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 mmol/L adenosine followed by 3 hours of ischemic arrest at temperatures of 20°C, 10°C, or 4°C with multidose (3 minutes every 30 minutes) cardioplegic infusion. Results . After ischemic arrest at 20°C, the recovery of cardiac output (expressed as percent of preischemic baseline) was 35.4 ± 5.11 (control) 45.0 ± 5.51 (0.1 mmol/L), 53.1 ± 2.9 (5.0 mmol/L), 61.8 ± 3.7 (10.0 mmol/L), and 57.6 ± 2.3 (20.0 mmol/L). Hearts receiving 5.0 to 20.0 mmol/L adenosine had significantly greater recovery of cardiac output than control hearts. In its optimal concentration (10 mmol/L), adenosine improved the efficacy of the cardioplegic solution by almost 75%. Myocardial adenosine triphosphate content (expressed in μmol/g protein) was 4.7 ± 0.5 (control), 4.9 ± 1.4 (0.1 mmol/L), 8.1 ± 0.7 (5 mmol/L), 12.5 ± 2.0 (10 mmol/L), and 11.2 ± 2.8 (20 mmol/L), at the end of ischemia and 13.9 ± 0.2 (control), 13.1 ± 1.7 (0.1 mmol/L), 18.0 ± 2.0 (5 mmol/L), 18.6 ± 1.2 (10 mmol/L), and 20.7 ± 2.1 (20 mmol/L) at the end of reperfusion. Thus, the adenosine triphosphate content was higher ( p Conclusions . These observations suggest that adenosine has the potential to enhance the efficacy of clinical cardioplegic arrest but the degree of improvement is lower at decreased temperature during ischemia. A principal mechanism of action of this modification of cardioplegic fluid appears to be through the inhibition of high-energy phosphate utilization immediately before or during ischemia. (Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:449–55)
Chelation-enhanced circular dichroism of tripodal bisporphyrin ligands.

A chiral tripodal ligand readily prepared from primary amines that contains two monosubstituted tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) moieties is described. Complexation with Cu(II) in the presence of NH4SCN gives a fully metalated porphyrin and tripodal ligand complex. The free ligand shows a weak circular dichroism (CD) signal, but metalation gives a strong exciton-coupled CD spectrum. Reduction of the Cu(II) complex results in loss of CD signal.
Electrochemical study of the interaction between fatty acid and oxidized copper

Abstract Boundary lubrication involving reactions between the metal oxide layers and adsorbed polar species has been reported by several authors. In this study, the effect of an oxide layer on the mechanism of boundary lubrication during copper wire drawing was examined by electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. The minimum oxide thickness to initiate chemical and electrochemical reactions, and the oxide growth rate were determined by electrochemical methods. The oxide formed prior to chemical reaction with a fatty acid during boundary lubrication, and the chemical products were analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The properties of adsorbed layers were characterized by AC impedance spectroscopy. Optimum boundary lubrication can only be achieved during copper deformation, if the oxide thickness exceeds the minimum thickness of 60 A and is cornposed of cuprous oxide.
Experimental study on two-phase flow and pressure drop in millimeter-size channels

Abstract The present paper provides considerable insight into the structure of two-phase flow as well as its characteristics inside mini- and micro-channels. A new test facility was designed and constructed to investigate the two-phase flow regimes and pressure drop in mini- and micro-channels. The two-phase frictional pressure drop measurements and flow regimes experiments were performed with three different test sections, which are 3 mm, 1 mm, and 800 μm in diameter. The experimental pressure drop data was compared with the homogenous model, the Friedel [L. Friedel, Improved friction pressure drop correlations for horizontal and vertical two-phase pipe flow, Paper E2, European Two-Phase Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, 1979] model, and the Chisholm [D. Chisholm, A theoretical basis for the Lockhart Martinelli Correlation for two-phase flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 10, 1967, pp. 1767–1778] model, in order to determine their validity range in mini- and micro-channel flows. The homogenous model and the Chisholm [D. Chisholm, A theoretical basis for the Lockhart Martinelli Correlation for two-phase flow, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 10, 1967, pp. 1767–1778] model showed the most similarities with the data acquired for the 1 mm and 0.8 mm test sections, while the Friedel [L. Friedel, Improved friction pressure drop correlations for horizontal and vertical two-phase pipe flow, Paper E2, European Two-Phase Group Meeting, Ispra, Italy, 1979] model over-predicted the pressure drop for every test section. The two-phase flow patterns were observed for high gas superficial velocities (UGS ⩾ 10 m/s) using a 3CCD analog camera, and comparisons were made with the existing flow regime maps. The present data, as well as the available data in literature, were used to develop a simplified flow regime map for horizontal micro-channels. The flow regimes in this map were separated into surface-tension-dominated regimes and inertia-dominated regimes. The regimes were named bubbly, intermittent, churn and annular. The intermittent flow regime regroups all slug and plug flows, as well as all the transition flows occurring in the vicinity of the intermittent region. It was found that the simplified transition lines provide a good approximation of the regime transitions for all existing studies within the allowable range of the map.
A discriminant analysis of harappan civilization human populations

Abstract A series of commonly occurring cranial measurements for Harappan Indian populations was considered. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that there is morphological divergence between rural and urban populations, as well as within the settlement of Harappa. Also, it seems that the analysis of cranial measurements alone will not confirm the Gandhara Grave Complex as belonging to early Indo-European speakers in India.
Polariton standing-wave structure as a test of boundary conditions for theories of spatial dispersion

The reflectivity of $p$-polarized light ($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{E}}$ is in the plane of incidence) by a dielectric slab exhibiting spatial dispersion, when calculated theoretically in two limiting cases of internal specular reflection, has marked structure at frequencies corresponding to longitudinal polariton standing waves in the one case and transverse polariton standing waves in the other. This provides a possible experimental test of the approximate nature of the vacuum-crystal-vacuum polarizability and it also allows one to measure optically the polariton dispersion curve, either longitudinal or transverse. Application is made to the $A(n=1)$ exciton of CdS.
Influence of Mesoporosity on Lithium-Ion Storage Capacity and Rate Performance of Nanostructured TiO2(B)

Here, we present the Li+ insertion behavior of mesoporous ordered TiO2(B) nanoparticles (meso-TiO2(B)). Using presynthesized 4 nm TiO2(B) nanoparticles as building blocks and a commercially available ethylene glycol-propylene glycol block copolymer (P123) as a structure-directing agent, we were able to produce mesoporous structures of high-purity TiO2(B) with nanocrystallinity and mesopore channels ranging from 10 to 20 nm in diameter. We compared the Li+ insertion properties of nontemplated TiO2(B) nanoparticles (nano-TiO2(B)) to meso-TiO2(B) via voltammetry and galvanostatic cycling and found significant increases in overall Li+ insertion capacity for the latter. While nano-TiO2(B) and meso-TiO2(B) both show surface charging (pseudocapacitive) Li+ insertion behavior, meso-TiO2(B) exhibits a higher overall capacity especially at high charge rates. We attribute this effect to higher electrode/electrolyte contact area as well as the improved electron and ion transport in meso-TiO2(B). In this study, we hav...
Effect of variant strain accommodation on the three-dimensional microstructure formation during martensitic transformation: Application to zirconia

Abstract This paper computationally investigates the effect of martensitic variant strain accommodation on the formation of microstructural and topological patterning in zirconia. We used the phase-field technique to capture the temporal and spatial evolution of embryonic formation of the monoclinic phase in tetragonal single crystals. The three-dimensional simulations were able to capture the formation of all the possible monoclinic variants. We used the multivariant single embryo as an initial condition to mitigate the lack of nucleation criteria at the mesoscale. Without a priori constraint, the model can select the transformation path and final microstructure. The phase-field model was benchmarked against experimental studies on surface uplift formation in zirconia reported by Deville et al. (Acta Mater 2004;52:5697, Acta Mater 2004;52:5709). The simulations showed the excellent capabilities of the model in predicting the formation of a surface relief induced by the tetragonal to monoclinic martensitic transformation.
Inequality and the carbon intensity of human well-being

One potential pathway towards sustainability involves reducing the level of anthropogenic carbon emissions per unit of human well-being, also known as the carbon intensity of human well-being (CIWB). I estimate longitudinal models, which indicate that for OECD and non-OECD nations, income inequality began increasing CIWB in the 1990s, and the effect of inequality on CIWB continued to increase in magnitude through time. This suggests that reducing inequality in nations throughout the world could enhance both climate change mitigation efforts and human quality of life.
Analysis of the equations of renal network flows

Abstract Solution of the nonlinear differential equations for renal network flows are investigated, and conditions are given under which a unique solution to these equations exists.
Intestinal absorption of immunologically intact macromolecules in germfree colostrum-deprived piglets maintained on total parenteral nutrition.

We have compared the neonatal absorption of anti-bovine γ-globulin (BGG) antibody supplied in colostrum or saline in three groups of piglets born and maintained under different environmental conditions to determine the effect of these conditions on the cessation of intestinal absorption of macromolecules (anti-BGG antibody), termed "closure." An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the concentration of anti-BGG antibody in sera from each group of piglets. Three stages of macromolecular absorption through the piglet's intestine could be detected. The first stage is a nonselective massive absorption of macromolecules (in milligram levels) that lasts up to 3 days in germfree (GF) colostrum-deprived or conventional colostrum-fed piglets but up to 5 days in GF piglets maintained on total parenteral nutrition. In this stage, absorption was significantly (r = .05) higher in piglets fed anti-BGG serum with colostrum than in piglets fed antiBGG serum without colostrum on GF day 0 (31.28% vs 15.59...
Interspecific crossability among four species of Vigna food legumes

Interspecific crossability among four species of Vigna, namely, V. radiata (mungbean),V. mungo (black gram), V. umbellata (rice bean) and V. angularis (adzuki bean), was investigated. Pod-set and percentages of pods harvested varied with the combinations of two parental cultivars of each species for most of the interspecific hybrid crosses. The use of intraspecific hybrids as parents was slightly superior to cultivars for interspecific hybridization. A remarkable increase in viable seed production was found for the interspecific cross,V. radiata x V. umbellata, by using intraspecific hybrid as parents. Furthermore, a successful interspecific hybrid of V. mungo x V. angularis was accomplished through the use of intraspecific hybrid parents. Reciprocal cross differences were common in all the interspecific combinations. Except for the cross between V. umbellata and V. angularis, all other reciprocal interspecific crosses were unsuccessful.
Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of mechanical tricuspid valve prostheses based on early post-implantation echocardiographic studies.

Background Doppler-derived hemodynamic data for normal tricuspid mechanical valve prostheses are limited. Methods A comprehensive retrospective Doppler echocardiographic assessment of 78 normal St. Jude Medical Standard (St. Jude Medical, Inc., St. Paul, MN), CarboMedics Standard (CarboMedics, Inc., Sorin Group, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada), and Starr-Edwards (Edwards Lifesciences, LLC, Irvine, CA) mechanical tricuspid valve prostheses was performed early after implantation. We used all the important Doppler-derived hemodynamic variables reported to date, including peak early diastolic velocity (E velocity), mean gradient, pressure half-time, time velocity integral of the tricuspid valve prosthesis (TVI TVP ), and ratio of the time velocity integral of the tricuspid valve prosthesis to the time velocity integral of the left ventricular outflow tract (TVI TVP /TVI LVOT ). Results The mean values obtained for the Doppler parameters did not differ significantly when the measurements from five or nine consecutive cardiac cycles were averaged. Pressure half-time was TVP TVP /TVI LVOT Conclusion These calculated threshold values (mean + 2 SD) are useful for identifying normal tricuspid mechanical valve function. Prostheses with values for hemodynamic variables that are outside the mean + 2 SD parameters that we have calculated are most likely to be dysfunctional. However, in rare cases, mechanical tricuspid valve prostheses may be dysfunctional even when their hemodynamic parameters are within these specified ranges because of small body surface area or other factors.
Repeat stereotactic body radiation therapy for patients with pulmonary malignancies who had previously received SBRT to the same or an adjacent tumor site.

Objectives: Retrospective analysis of patients with recurrences at or closely adjacent to the site of prior lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) who received repeat SBRT. Materials and Methods: Nine patients with non-small cell lung cancer (n = 8) or oligometastatic colonic adenocarcinoma (n = 1) were treated with image-guided lung SBRT to a median of 60 Gy (range, 30-60) in a median of 3 fractions (3-5). Patients developed in-field relapse (n = 3) or recurrence adjacent (≤3.5 cm away) to the previous tumor location (n = 6) and received 2 nd lung SBRT to a median of 60 Gy. Results: Median follow-up after 2 nd SBRT was 22 months (4-40). All completed prescribed course of repeat SBRT and acute toxicity was limited. There was no grade >3 late toxicity. 3 (33.3%) patients developed Grade 3 late reactions: 2 pulmonary and 1 chest wall pain. Late pulmonary toxicity included 2 (22.2%) patients with Grade 3 and 3 (33.3%) with Grade 2. One patient (11.1%) had late Grade 3 and 1 (11.1%) Grade 2 chest wall pain. 1 (11.1%) developed Grade 2 late brachial plexopathy. No myelopathy was observed. Two patients developed progression of tumors treated by 2 nd SBRT. Local recurrence free survival and overall survival was 75% and 68.6%, respectively at 2 years. Relative volume of ipsilateral lung receiving 5 Gy (V5) and V10 were lower for 2 nd SBRT. Conclusion: Repeat image-guided SBRT for patients with small peripheral recurrences was feasible and severe toxicity was not observed. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lung reirradiation using 2 nd SBRT.
Polyamine concentrations in red cells and urine of patients with chronic renal failure.

Abstract Spermidine and spermine concentrations were measured in 6 healthy subjects, 18 patients with chronic renal failure and 6 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. In nondialyzed patients with advanced renal failure (serum creatinine levels greater than 6 mg %), red cell spermidine concentrations were significantly higher than in normal subjects (54.8±14.5 vs. 24.8±63 SD nmoles/ml packed cells). However red cell spermine concentrations were unchanged as compared to normal subjects (18.7±7.3 vs. 12.4±3.4 nmoles/ml packed cells). In patients with serum creatinine levels below 6 mg%, neither red cell spermidine or spermine concentrations were significantly different from normal subjects. There was a significant correlation between red cell spermidine values and both serum urea and serum creatinine levels, but no correlations were observed for red cell spermine. Red cell spermidine values were also significantly higher in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis than in normal subjects. In each patient, red cell spermidine concentrations were no different after a hemodialysis treatment than immediately prior to dialysis. In urine, excretion rates of polyamines as well as the precursor diamine, putrescine, were lower in patients with chronic renal failure than in normal subjects. Hence in renal failure, one factor contributing to the accumulation of spermidine in red cells would appear to be a decrease in the urinary excretion of polyamines.
Ethnic and class relations in Malaysia

(1980). Ethnic and class relations in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Asia: Vol. 10, No. 1-2, pp. 130-154.
Age of onset and studies of late‐life depression

Investigations of the heterogeneity of major depression must include studies of geriatric patients. This will facilitate identification of correlates of age of onset in an age-matched sample. The inclusion of young adult depressives could confound the affect of age and wash out a phenomenon occurring only in late life unless systematically carried out as part of the study design. Thus, a comparison of early-onset first-episode depressives with late-onset first-episode and early-onset multiple-episode patients who have aged provides a mathematical approach for separating the influences of multiple episodes, age at index episode and age of onset. Studies of geriatric depressives have not demonstrated a greater role for either medical or social factors in late-onset illness. The possibility that some cases of late-onset depression directly result from biogenic amine depletion caused by age and that these individuals are examples of acceleration of a normal distributed rate of brain ageing remains. If this hypothesis is valid, these cases might be related to senile onset Alzheimer's disease. A longitudinal study could determine if this ‘brain failure’ hypothesis is associated with depression-related dementia, systemic signs of accelerated ageing, a decreased interval before death, and neurotransmitter depletion at autopsy. Future investigations that carefully examine questions of age of onset, age, and clinical and biological correlates are required to address these important questions.
Examining families' perceptions of intensive in-home services: A mixed methods study

Abstract Intensive in-home services play an important role in child welfare practice. This study explored whether families perceived they were stronger after their involvement with intensive in-home services in Arizona. Phase I of the project sampled 17 families who completed services three to six months prior to the study. Phase II sampled 36 families and followed participants during their involvement with services. The mixed methods concurrent triangulation design was used which involved administering a quantitative measure of family functioning and satisfaction with services, triangulated with qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with at least one adult member of each family. Ultimately, 102 interviews were conducted with 53 families. The study found most families (75%) felt they were stronger after participating in intensive in-home services. Of these families, many (82%) attributed part of their success to their involvement with these services. These results suggest most families in this study perceived intensive in-home services were helpful. However, 25% of participants did not see their family as any stronger after in-home services and some identified areas in which services could be enhanced. Although the perspectives of most of these families support the usefulness of intensive in-home services, improvements could be made to increase the consistent quality of service delivery potentially yielding more positive results for families.
Antibiotic Stewardship Success: Targeting Physicians Prescribing Habits

December 2006 for all Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood culture obtained for each patient hospitalized in the ICU and non-ICU. The Bacterial identification and the antimicrobial susceptibility were determined by the MicroScan system. The data was transferred to the program WHONET 5.4 with the aid of BacLink software. The information of susceptibility was classified as sensible, intermediate and resistant according with the criteria of the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). Analysis was performed by the program of the World Health Organization called WHONET 5.4 under the condition as one isolate per one patient. Differences in proportions between antimicrobial resistance patterns in non-ICU and ICU bacteremias were compared by x test. The statistical significance was set at the level p , 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using EPISET.
Advertainment or Adcreep Game Players’ Attitudes toward Advertising and Product Placements in Computer Games

ABSTRACTUsing netnography and questionnaires, we examine how commercial practices are interpreted by electronic game-players. An analysis of 805 postings on Slashdot (2002-2004) revealed active discussions and insight into gamers’ beliefs about the effectiveness and appropriateness of marketers’ tactics as well as the perceived impact on self. Players were fairly positive about brands in games when they added realism. Those who were negative about product placements were also negative about advertising. While some players did not think they were influenced by product placements, others reported instances of learning about and then purchasing new brands. A survey of gamers empirically tested observations from the netnography. Positive relationships between attitudes toward advertising in general and attitudes toward product placement in games were noted, and each of these was positively related to perceived impact on purchasing behaviors. Attitudes toward product placements in games partially mediated the ...
Forecast combination with outlier protection

Abstract Numerous forecast combination schemes with distinct properties have been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been little discussion in the literature of the minimization of forecast outliers when combining forecasts. It would appear to have gone unnoticed that robust combining, which often improves the predictive accuracy (under square or absolute error losses) when innovation errors have a tail that is heavier than a normal distribution, may have a higher frequency of prediction outliers. Given the importance of reducing outlier forecasts, it is desirable to seek new loss functions which can achieve both the usual accuracy and outlier-protection simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a synthetic loss function and apply it to a general adaptive combination scheme for the outlier-protective combination of forecasts. Both the theoretical and numerical results support the advantages of the new method in terms of providing combined forecasts with fewer large forecast errors and comparable overall performances.
Determination of Time-Sharing Efficiency in an Industrial Visual Inspection Task

This pilot experiment examined two variations of a secondary task used in determining the time-sharing ability of an inspector searching for defects on printed circuit boards. The methodology incorporated mathematical PRF and POC models, revealing that greater efficiencies were achieved with the easier secondary task. The inspection task was determined to be data-limited. Results will be used in the design of a mental workload study in visual inspection.
Effect of Fabric Structure on Filter Performance

Abstract This report analyzes the effect of changes in fabric structure on filtration efficiency and resistance of the filter medium to flow. Filtration velocities were varied from 2 ft./min. to 10 ft./min. Two commercial fabrics, one Dacron and one Fiberglass, were selected for study. Both are woven from yarns consisting of continuous strands or filaments and treated with silicone oils. Structure of these basic fabrics was altered by changing the number of filling yarns per inch of fabric ± 10% from the standard count. Results show that minor changes in structure produce a significant difference in filtration characteristics of the dust-fabric combination.
Separate Metal Requirements for Loop Interactions and Catalysis in the Extended Hammerhead Ribozyme

RNA function, including catalysis, depends strongly on ionic conditions.1,2 In many cases, both structure and catalysis are most sensitive to divalent cations, where the physiologically relevant ion is assumed to be Mg2+. A challenge in understanding Mg2+-dependent RNA catalysis has been to deconvolute metal-induced structural transitions from the direct contributions of metals to catalysis. Here, we are able to separate one such contribution in the hammerhead ribozyme by using site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) in combination with fast-quench kinetics.
Tooth-root form and function in platyrrhine seed-eaters.

Research into the functional and adaptive basis of tooth crown form has provided a useful framework for the inference of diet in extinct primates. However, our understanding of variation in tooth-root form is limited. Studies within the clinical literature emphasize the influence of tooth-root surface area on stress resistance, but it is not known if root form has diversified during primate evolution in relation to dietary specialization. This hypothesis was tested by quantifying maxillary canine and postcanine tooth-root surface areas in four platyrrhine species that differ in the material properties of their diet: Cebus apella, Cebus albifrons, Chiropotes satanas, and Pithecia pithecia. Pairwise comparisons between closely related taxa support predictions based on dietary differences. Taxa that regularly consume resistant seeds (Cebus apella and Chiropotes satanas) exhibit significantly larger relative surface area values for those teeth used in seed processing than closely related taxa that consume resistant foods less often (Cebus albifrons and Pithecia pithecia). Additionally, relative molar-root surface area appears to be greater in Pithecia than in Chiropotes, as predicted from the more folivorous diet of Pithecia. Tooth-root surface area was also found to vary along the tooth row and should therefore have a significant influence on antero-posterior bite-force gradients. The results of this study suggest a close relationship between tooth-root form and patterns of occlusal loading. Further elucidation of this relationship could improve our inferences of diet in extinct taxa, and augment research into the mechanics and evolution of feeding.
Educational reform and the educational psychologist: Another perspective

In responding to the work of Benton and Hoyt, Kowalski argues that an adequate analysis of reform efforts is incomplete without an examination of underlying purposes. Questions are raised regarding the motives of those who promote extended teacher education programs and the Carnegie Forum proposal for national certification. The author suggests that educational psychologists can contribute to reform efforts by helping to explore values, beliefs, motivations, and needs as they relate to change proposals in teacher education.
Measurement of the morphology of high surface area solids: Effect of network structure on the simulation of porosimetry

Abstract A computer simulation of mercury porosimetry based on a pore/throat network model is tested for the effects of changing various structural parameters. These include lattice size, connectivity, and the shape of the pore and throat size distributions. Some general rules of thumb are presented for simplifying the interpretation of porosimetry data.
The dilatational properties of suspensions of gas bubbles in incompressible newtonian and non-newtonian fluids

Abstract We derive expressions for the dilatational properties of suspensions of gas bubbles in incompressible fluids, using a cell model for the suspension. A cell, consisting of a gas bubble centered in a spherical shell of incompressible fluid, is subjected to a purely dilatational boundary motion and the resulting stress at the cell boundary is obtained. The same dilatational boundary motion is prescribed at the boundary of an “equivalent” cell composed of a one-phase, uniformly compressible fluid with unknown dilatational properties. By specifying that the stress at the boundary of the one-phase cell is equal to the stress at the boundary of the two-phase suspension cell, we obtain expressions for the unknown dilatational properties as a function of observable properties of the suspension. The dilatational viscosity of a suspension with a Newtonian continuous phase and the analogous properties for suspensions with non-Newtonian continuous phases are obtained as functions of the boundary motion, volume fraction of gas, and properties of the incompressible continuous phase. Results are presented for continuous phases which are Newtonian fluids, second-order fluids, and Goddard—Miller model fluids.
Taste and tactile responsiveness of neurons in the posterior diencephalon of the channel catfish.

Many teleosts possess an enlargement of the ventral diencephalon called the inferior lobe. In ostariophysine species (e.g., carps and catfishes), this region receives ascending fibers from the primary and secondary gustatory centers in the hindbrain. Extracellular unit activity was recorded from identified nuclei in the inferior lobe of the channel catfish to characterize taste and tactile responsiveness from the different nuclei associated with gustatory projections. Taste responses (to amino acids and nucleotides) were recorded from units in the nucleus centralis (nCLI), nucleus lobobulbaris (caudal portion--nLB, rostrolateral portion--rl nLB, and parvicellular portion--nLBp), and lateral thalamic nucleus (nLT), supporting the proposed gustatory role for these nuclei. Tactile responsiveness was distinct between different nuclei in the caudal inferior lobe. Units from the nCLI and nLB had lower spontaneous activity than those from other nuclei, and typically had receptive fields including the whole extraoral body surface, ipsilaterally. Units from the rl nLB and nLBp had receptive fields, often including both oral and extraoral surfaces, bilaterally, but rl nLB receptive fields typically included the whole body, while those from nLBp units were often restricted to the head and mouth. The apparent electrophysiological distinction between these nuclei, combined with their different connectivity patterns, suggest that the gustatory nuclei in the inferior lobe of channel catfish are involved in various different sensory processing mechanisms.
Surgical treatment of Kommerell's diverticulum and other saccular arch aneurysms.

Background Saccular aneurysms of the aortic arch are rare, and their surgical repair is challenging with potentially significant morbidity and mortality. Methods We examined our experience over a 3-year period with nine consecutive patients that include nine hybrid repairs with initial extra-anatomic carotid and/or subclavian bypass and subsequent endovascular exclusion of the saccular arch aneurysm. Results Three patients presented with dysphagia from aberrant right subclavian arteries with aneurysm at the origin of the artery, two had asymptomatic aneurysms at the origin of the left subclavian, and four patients had isolated saccular aneurysms of the arch, three of whom presented with thoracic pain. A total of 16 extra-anatomic bypasses were done in the nine patients. Ten endografts and one nitinol plug were used for exclusion in the nine hybrid cases. There were no perioperative deaths, no strokes, or myocardial infarction events. During follow-up, two patients (22%) were found to have type II endoleaks, but no reinterventions were required. Symptoms resolved in six patients, whereas persistent dysphagia and pain occurred in one. Conclusions Repair of saccular aneurysms of the aortic arch by hybrid approach can be done with minimal morbidity and mortality and a reasonable rate of symptom resolution.
An assessment of performance of wet atmospheric deposition samplers part 2. Validation of siting criteria

The variability in performance of 4 wet/dry atmospheric deposition samplers were compared for 1 yr. Samples were collected weekly and analyzed for pH, specific conductance, common ionic chemical constituents, and sample mass. Differences in the results between collectors were interpreted in terms of violations of siting criteria. Several of the criteria used in siting collectors for the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends networks were purposely compromised to determine the effect of such criteria on the validity of samples collected at sites where the location of samplers violates accepted siting criteria. This study showed that items should be excluded within a 45° cone of the sampler and also items of sufficient bulk to disturb wind patterns should be excluded within 5 m of the sampler. The nonnormal distribution of residuals from a parametric analysis of variance of the data set necessitated the application of the nonparametric Friedman test to assess comparability of chemical deposition and volume between and within samplers. Statistically significant differences existed for most comparisons, however, the test does not permit quantification of their magnitudes, although general trends may be determined. Two methods to try to estimate the magnitude of differences are presented. Differences in analyte concentrations between samplers were small.
Structure and expression of a chicken gene coding for U1 RNA.

Abstract We have isolated and sequenced a genomic fragment containing sequences complementary to chicken U1 RNA. The sequence of this genomic U1 gene is completely homologous and colinear with that of chicken U1 RNA. This U1 gene is part of a multigene family (6–10 copies per haploid genome), and these loci do not appear to be closely clustered. Sequences complementary to other snRNAs are not present within the 2.5 kb genomic fragment containing the U1 gene. We have determined that U1 RNA is synthesized by polymerase II; however, a "Hogness box" is not present upstream from its cap site at the position usually observed for mRNA genes. The synthesis of U1 RNA in oviduct nuclei during different states of hormonal induction also appears to be constitutive.
Endometrial blood flow in pregnant young and senescent female golden hamsters.

Abstract The uterine endometrial blood flow was studied in 21 young and senescent anesthetized pregnant female hamsters by measuring the Xenon-133 clearance. The average of uterine endometrial blood flow rates in young females was 4·8 ± 0·68 ml/100 g tissue/min, while the average in senescent females was only 2·9 ± 0·76 ml/100 g tissue/min. This reduction in uterine endometrial blood flow rate in senescent pregnant hamsters can be interpreted as an important factor which contributes to the impairment of the histotrophic substance supply to the developing embryo. This is a possible contributor to the litter size decline in senescent females.
Sparse Gaussian elimination with controlled fill-in on a shared memory multiprocessor

It is shown that in sparse matrices arising from electronic circuits, it is possible to do computations on many diagonal elements simultaneously. A technique for obtaining an ordered compatible set directly from the ordered incompatible table is given. The ordering is based on the Markowitz number of the pivot candidates. This technique generates a set of compatible pivots with the property of generating few fills. A novel heuristic algorithm is presented that combines the idea of an order-compatible set with a limited binary tree search to generate several sets of compatible pivots in linear time. An elimination set for reducing the matrix is generated and selected on the basis of a minimum Markovitz sum number. The parallel pivoting technique presented is a stepwise algorithm and can be applied to any submatrix of the original matrix. Thus, it is not a preordering of the sparse matrix and is applied dynamically as the decomposition proceeds. Parameters are suggested to obtain a balance between parallelism and fill-ins. Results of applying the proposed algorithms on several large application matrices using the HEP multiprocessor are presented and analyzed. >
Static and Dynamic Paraelectric Behavior of 〈 110 〉 Off-Center Ag + Ions in RbCl and RbBr

Controversial results and considerable uncertainty have existed so far on the question of possible off-center behavior and paraelectric properties of ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ ions in RbCl and RbBr. In a comprehensive study, the static and dynamic paraelectric properties of both systems at low temperature are investigated, using the electrodichroism of the ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ uv absorption. The static electro-optical measurements, performed for three field orientations at the $A$, ${D}_{1}$, and ${D}_{2}$ band, reveal for both systems paraelectric behavior from $〈110〉$-oriented dipoles with dipole moment values of 0.78 and $0.95e$ \AA{} for RbCl: ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ and RbBr: ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$, respectively. Measurements on the time-dependent electrodichroism after rapid changes of the electric field show the existence of two relaxation processes with rates different by several orders of magnitude. The observed relative amount of both processes depends strongly on the applied-field direction. This complex relaxation behavior can be quantitatively accounted for by a $〈110〉$ dipole model which is based on predominance of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} reorientation over 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} reorientation. This behavior, which cannot be understood for a dipole in an octahedral crystal field, is attributed to the dressing of the dipole by a strong ${E}_{g}$ lattice distortion, which allows easy 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} rotation within a {100} plane, but inhibits the change of this plane by 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} dipole reorientation. The observed temperature and field dependence of the relaxation rates indicate reorientation by tunneling processes at $Tl5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K, and classical thermally activated reorientation at higher temperature. Several of the earlier discrepancies can be explained by this $〈110〉$ dipole and two-relaxation-time model.
A SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ON REACTIONS OF CHILDREN TO NUCLEAR WAR.

Press reports and anecdotal accounts remind us from time to time that nuclear war threats and the continuing cold war situation must be producing deep emotional reactions in our children. Systematic investigations with groups of different ages do not substantiate this as a general reaction. Negative results may be due to methodological errors.
ASSOCIATION OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTION WITH APOPTOSIS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDITIS AND DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY • 97

ASSOCIATION OF ADENOVIRUS INFECTION WITH APOPTOSIS IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF MYOCARDITIS AND DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY • 97
Comparison and Analysis of the Teratogenic Effects of Serotonin, Angiotensin-II, and Bradykinin in Mice

The incidence of anomalies in untreated and saline-treated controls (both s.c. and i.v.) was 1.5 and 0.26 percent, respectively. Subcutaneous administration of serotonin at mg./mouse and 10 mg./kg. produced respective incidences of 24.4 and 27.0 percent, while i.v. administration caused total litter resorption. Angiotensin, 10 mg./kg., via both routes proved to be not significantly teratogenic. Bradykinin, 25 mcg./mouse s.c. produced 0.87 percent malformations, while the i.v. route caused 12.7 percent. The two most teratogenic agents, serotonin and bradykinin, both markedly decreased and increased, respectively, the transfer of radio-24sodium. from the maternal blood through the placental barrier to the fetal side of the placenta; angiotensin only slightly decreased this transfer. In addition, the three autocoids were noted to decrease the transfer of isotope from the placenta to the fetus, indicating that vasoconstriction of the fetal placental vessels may have occurred.
The Influence of a Distorted Group Norm Upon Judgments of Adults and Children

(1961). The Influence of a Distorted Group Norm Upon Judgments of Adults and Children. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 231-239.
Vibrationally resolved transition state spectroscopy of the F + H2 and F + CH4 reactions

The transition state regions of the F + para-H2, F + normal-H2, F + CH4 and F + CD4 reactions have been studied by slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) spectroscopy of the anionic precursor clusters para-FH2−, normal-FH2−, FCH4− and FCD4−. The F + H2 results improve on previously published photoelectron spectra, resolving a narrow peak that appears in the same position in the para-FH2− and normal-FH2− spectra, and suggesting that additional theoretical treatment is necessary to fully describe and assign the experimental results. A small peak in the para-FH2− results is also identified, matching simulations of a product resonance in the ν′ = 3 vibrational level. SEVI spectra of the 2P3/2 bands of FCH4− and FCD4− show extended structure from transitions to the entrance valley van der Waals region and the reactant side of the F + CH4 transition state region. Much of this structure is attributed to bending or hindered rotation of the methane moiety and may be a spectroscopic signature of reactive resonances.
A 2-year comparison of three topical fluoride agents

An aqueous sodium fluoride solution, a stannous fluoride solution, and an acidulated, phosphate-buffered sodium fluoride solution were tested—results of the study failed to demonstrate conclusively the superiority of any of the three agents. The group that received the aqueous solution, however, experienced consistently greater reductions in DMF and DF tooth and surface increments and greater protection was afforded newly erupted teeth.
Freshwater mussels in a California North Coast Range river: occurrence, distribution, and controls

We report the occurrence and habitat of mussel populations within a continuous 8-km section of the South Fork Eel River in the Northern Coast Range of California. The primary goals of our study were 1) to compile information on species composition and population density, and 2) to examine whether spatial distribution and variability were related to geomorphology and hydrology. High discharges almost certainly provide more of a constraint on the distribution and persistence of mussels in the South Fork Eel than do low summer flows, so we used the Hydrologic Engineering Center's River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydraulic model to estimate physical conditions during high flows when in-channel investigations were not feasible. We found numerous individuals of 2 species (Margaritifera falcata and Anodonta californiensis), with the spatial distribution of both species characterized by high variability. Mussels in this system live almost exclusively in pools (with a few in runs), near the channel banks, and espec...
Convex-invariant means and a pathwise central limit theorem

On etudie le probleme de choisir un point aleatoirement a partir de la ligne des reels. On definit une notion de distribution d'espace uniforme. on considere trois sources supplementaires d'uniformite: l'invariance d'echelle convexe, la consistance avec des methodes de moyennes et la linearite mesure de Mokobodski
When a Rose is Not a Rose: Military Commissions v. Courts-Martial

The Military Commissions Act developed a judicial system based upon that of General Courts-Martial under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The military commissions will use many of the same personnel and share some procedures with general courts-martial, but certain aspects show them to be very dissimilar. Specifically: the revised evidentiary rules on coerced statements, hearsay and classified evidence; the lack of speedy trial rights; the absence of a formal pre-trial investigation; and the failure to apply case law precedent. These differences will have significant secondary effects on the process that are not favourable to a defendant. As a result of both the primary and secondary effects of the differences, the commissions will provide significantly less due process to unlawful combatants than the general court-martial process will provide to their lawful combatant counterparts.
On Argument, What Some Call "Self-Writing," and Trying To See the Back Side of One's Own Eyeballs

(Editor's Note: Jim W Corder submitted the following essay to Rhetoric Review in 1996. The essay was accepted for publication but never published because of uncompleted correspondence and manuscript preparation. We decided to typeset and format this essay in order to bring to readers this first posthumous Corder essay, convinced that it is an important addition to his rhetorical canon. Introducing the essay is a contextual note by Keith D. Miller, who like this editor, is a former graduate student of Corder's.)