cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why is azulene blue and anthracene white? a simple mo picture

Abstract In spite of their almost identical ionization potentials (IP's) and electron affinities (EA's), azulene and anthracene differ considrably in their lowest singlet-singlet excitation energies. This is hard to understand in the simple Huckel picture in which excitation energies are expressed as orbital energy differences, if orbital energies are taken from IP's and EA's. The difficulty is removed when electron repulsion is introduced explicitly. This is shown using simple inuitive concepts, which also account for the magnitude of singlet-triplet splitting and single out the structural features responsible for the difference between azulene and anthracene, so that generalizations are possible
Analysis of the humoral response elicited in mice by a chimeric peptide representing variable segments I and IV of the major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis

A synthetic chimeric peptide representing the variable segments I (VS I) and IV of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis, serovars C and E respectively, was studied to determine its ability to elicit a neutralizing humoral response in mice. Antibody responses varied to the peptide in the five inbred strains of mice, A/J(H-2a), DBA/1(H-2q), C57BL/10(H-2b), CBA/J(H-2k), Balb/c(H-2d), that were immunized. There was a spectrum of antibody responses which ranged from high ELISA and IFA titres by the C57BL/10 mice to little or no response by Balb/c mice. Antisera from C57BL/10 mice recognized all 15 serovars of C. trachomatis in a dot blot assay. A pepscan of the antisera from C57BL/10 mice showed strong reactivity to both neutralizing epitopes VAGLQNDPT in VS I of serovar C and the species-conserved peptide, TLNPTIA, in the VS IV. This antiserum neutralized, in vitro, the infectivity of serovars representing the B complex (B, D and E), C complex (C and J), B-related (F) and C-related (L3) complexes. In an attempt to elicit a stronger response to the peptide in the weakly reactive Balb/c and the DBA/1 strains, the peptide was conjugated to the carrier, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). All mice immunized with the KLH-peptide produced high-titred antisera that recognized neutralizing epitopes in VS I and VS IV and strongly neutralized the infectivity of both serovars C and E.
Solving the Problem of Cascading Errors: Approximate Bayesian Inference for Linguistic Annotation Pipelines

The end-to-end performance of natural language processing systems for compound tasks, such as question answering and textual entailment, is often hampered by use of a greedy 1-best pipeline architecture, which causes errors to propagate and compound at each stage. We present a novel architecture, which models these pipelines as Bayesian networks, with each low level task corresponding to a variable in the network, and then we perform approximate inference to find the best labeling. Our approach is extremely simple to apply but gains the benefits of sampling the entire distribution over labels at each stage in the pipeline. We apply our method to two tasks -- semantic role labeling and recognizing textual entailment -- and achieve useful performance gains from the superior pipeline architecture.
A shunt operation for obesity

The shunt procedure can be performed with reasonable safety in properly selected, well-motivated and relatively young patients. Improvements in appearance, emotional outlook and family relations of the patients have been remarkable. The procedure has been accepted well by the patients and they have recommended it to others who are obese. Jejuno-ileostomy (about 20 inches) has caused fewer complications than jejunocolostomy. Every attempt should be made to prevent internal herniation and intussusception as weight is lost. Adequate nutrition for hepatic protection is most important. A careful follow-up medical program is extremely important; the procedure should not be performed unless this is provided.
Elevated superoxide production by active H-ras enhances human lung WI-38VA-13 cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha.

Elevated superoxide production by active H-ras enhances human lung WI-38VA-13 cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-α
Single Frequency Sodium Guidestar Excitation at the Starfire Optical Range

A fully-automated, facility-class, 50W diffraction-limited, single-frequency, cw 589-nm guidestar excitation source has produced radiance returns as high as 7000 photons/cm2/s. Laser design, sodium guidestar characteristics, and progress of AO implementation and performance will be presented.
THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF REFRACTORIES

The thermal conductivity of recrystallized silicon carbide, clay-bonded silicon carbide, and silica and fireclay brick has been determined from 200 to 2600°F. The results are compared with those of previous investigators and a possible explanation of the peculiar variation of the coefficient of thermal conductivity with temperature for certain brick is given.
An Investigation of Nonlinear Models for a Cylinder Row in a Cross Flow

An array of elastically supported cylinders placed in a uniform fluid flow perpendicular to their long axis has been known to perform large-amplitude oscillations when the flow velocity is increased past a critical value. Experimental investigations have shown that the linear stability of the cylinder row is lost through a subcritical Hopf bifurcation resulting in the now well-known hysteresis regime. In this study, we investigate the nonlinearities in the dynamics of the fluid-elastic system, with particular emphasis on capturing the global bifurcation behavior of the cylinders by proposing two nonlinear models. Although the proposed nonlinear models are mostly arbitrary, when appropriate choices are made for the unknown coefficients in the models, based on the theory of center manifolds and normal forms, the predictions of the models are reasonable. While one of the models captures the experimental bifurcation diagram qualitatively, the other nonlinear model exhibits secondary bifurcation, resulting in coexisting periodic and quasi-periodic solutions.
The facilitated transport of carbon dioxide through bicarbonate solutions

Abstract The facilitated transport of CO 2 through thin layers of bicarbonate solution has been investigated. Mathematical models of the steady-state transport process have been analyzed and compared with experimental results. The results have been obtained using a new experimental technique which permits flux studies on immobilized films as thin as 100 μ. With no added catalysts, the augmentation of the CO 2 flux was found to be reaction-rate limited. The magnitude of the augmentation increases with increasing metal ion concentration and with increasing liquid film thickness. On the addition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase which catalyzes the hydration/dehydration reaction, unexpected results were obtained. At small metal ion concentrations, the enzyme increased the flux to a value predicted for reaction equilibrium. For high metal ion concentrations and for enzyme concentrations approaching those found in the red blood cell, the flux remained reaction-rate limited with the extent of reaction apparently independent of enzyme concentration.
Beam‐Stack Imaging using a small aperture array

We seek to gain a fuller understanding of seismic coda generation in the continental crust, by identifying secondary (scattering) sources illuminated by a distant primary source. We have developed a migration technique to scan seismic coda recorded by a small-aperture seismic array for phases generated locally by scattering from large heterogeneities, or topographic undulations. We use a widely distributed suite of seismic events to illuminate the local crustal volume from different directions and produce an image of the local crust. Stable apparent secondary seismic sources are observed, and interpreted as scatterers excited by the primary events.
HARDNESS AND MODULUS PROPERTIES IN ION-BEAM-MODIFIED AMORPHOUS CARBON : TEMPERATURE AND DOSE RATE DEPENDENCES

Ion implantation into amorphous carbon has been initiated to investigate the possibility of superhard carbon-nitride formation. Studies of implantation-temperature effects by 100 keV N{sup +} or 80 keV C{sup +} ions at 50 {mu}A show a narrow temperature window at approximately {minus}100{degree}C for the optimum surface hardness and elastic modulus (measured by nanoindentation), both values much higher than those for the unimplanted amorphous carbon. No distinguishable properties are found between nitrogen and self (carbon) implantations. At a dose rate of 5 {mu}A, however, the optimum hardness and modulus are found at a lower implantation temperature, with a broader temperature window. The enhanced strengths are well correlated with the asymmetric diffuse peak at around 1500cm{sup {minus}1} in Raman spectroscopy, and the increased ratio of sp{sup 3}- over sp{sup 2}- bonded carbon sites observed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}
Visible light photocatalysis via CdS/TiO 2 nanocomposite materials

Nanostructured colloidal semiconductors with heterogeneous photocatalytic behavior have drawn considerable attention over the past few years. This is due to their large surface area, high redox potential of the photogenerated charge carriers, and selective reduction/oxidation of different classes of organic compounds. In the present paper, we have carried out a systematic synthesis of nanostructured CdS-TiO2 via reverse micelle process. The structural and microstructural characterizations of the as-prepared CdSTiO 2 nanocomposites are determined using XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The visible light assisted photocatalytic performance is monitored by means of degradation of phenol in water suspension.
Is there a role for sequence stratigraphy in chronostratigraphy

Sequence stratigraphy revolutionized the field of stratigraphy in the late 1970s and 1980s by providing an interpretive depositional framework for integrating diverse stratigraphic data at the scale of sedimentary basins. However, a lack of consensus on cri- teria for recognizing, mapping and hence dating sequence boundaries, interpretations of uneven quality, and doubts about the universal eustatic origin and global synchrony of unconformity-related sequences limit the usefulness of sequence stratigraphy in chrono- stratigraphy.
Terms of Trade Shocks in AfricaAre They Short-Lived or Long-Lived?

This paper examines the persistence of shocks to the terms of trade, using annual data on 42 Sub-Saharan African countries between 1960-96. We find that the persistence of terms of trade shocks varies widelyfor about half the countries such shocks are short-lived, while for one-third of the countries such shocks are long-lived. The countries experiencing long-lived terms of trade shocks are typically those that have large shares of petroleum imports in total imports, small shares of nonfuel commodity exports in total exports, and are highly concentrated in exportable commodities with long-lived price shocks.
Colour-name versus shape-name learning in young children.

Very young children perceive colour normally and possess the concept of colour, but it has been widely reported, on the basis of informal observation or normative assessment, that beginning colour naming is confused and that accurate and consistent colour naming is relatively retarded developmentally. A neutral test was devised to compare experimentally 3-year-olds' abilities to make colour-to-name versus shape-to-name associations. Children learned colour-label associates significantly more slowly than matched shape-label associates, and they committed more errors with colours than with shapes during learning. The design of this study eliminates several explanations often proposed to explicate retarded colour naming, including relative perceptual salience, differential experience, and immature cognitive development, and, in their stead, opens the possibility that the difficulty underlying beginning colour naming may reflect specific word-to-colour associations.
Programmable power supply for MST'S poloidal field

We are designing a new programmable poloidal field power supply for the MST reversed-field pinch. By providing flexible waveform control, the new supply will expand capabilities in oscillating field current drive, inductive current profile control, and other inductive techniques. The new power supply will allow use of the full flux swing of MST's poloidal transformer core without a separate core bias supply and its isolating inductor. It will also eliminate the risk of harmful surge currents due to core saturation on unplanned termination of the plasma discharge. Used together with the newly-installed toroidal field programmable power supply, the new poloidal supply will allow maximum use of MST's inductive capabilities.
Adaptation of spatiotemporal mechanisms by increment and decrement stimuli.

Sawtooth modulation has been used in the past to examine visual sensitivity to luminance increments and decrements. The threshold elevation caused by adaptation depends on the spatial profile of the stimulus field and the polarities of the adaptation and test stimuli. We hypothesized that the adaptation effects reflect a change in the sensitivity of the spatiotemporal channels that detect the stimuli. We used a 2-deg disk centered in a larger surround field. Five levels of contrast between the test field and surround were investigated: equiluminant, three intermediate levels, and dark. At each contrast, observers adapted for 5 s to 2-Hz sawtooth modulation (rapid-on or rapid-off). Immediately after adaptation, thresholds were measured for detection of a single cycle of either a rapid-on or a rapid-off waveform. Varying the contrast of the surround affected observers’ sensitivity to the polarity of the sawtooth stimulus to the extent that the pattern of sensitivity with the equiluminant surround was the opposite of that with the dark surround. To examine temporal factors, we measured thresholds for slow (500-ms ramps) and fast (8.3-ms pulses) test stimuli. The adaptation effect was preserved with the ramp stimuli but not with the pulse stimuli. Blurring the edge between the test and surround fields in the equiluminant surround condition raised thresholds for all sawtooth test stimuli, suggesting that spatiotemporal channels sensitive to high spatial frequencies and low temporal frequencies facilitate detection in that condition. These findings suggest that adaptation to sawtooth modulation can differentially effect the sensitivity of ON and OFF pathways, but the relative desensitization of each pathway depends on an interaction with the adaptation state of spatiotemporal channels that are involved in detection.
Impact of a Cardiac Risk Reduction Program in Vulnerable Patients Hospitalized with Coronary Artery Disease

Study Objective. To increase the use of guideline-based pharmacotherapy in vulnerable patients (ethnic minorities and the poor) with coronary artery disease (CAD) through a nurse-based quality-improvement program. Design. Retrospective program evaluation. Setting. Inner-city hospital in Denver, Colorado. Patients. One hundred fifty-one consecutive patients hospitalized with a CAD-related diagnosis. Intervention. A nurse-management program was initiated for patients with angiographically documented CAD, and rates of guideline-based care were compared with rates for historic controls. The intervention consisted of two key elements: patient counseling with language-appropriate education materials and direct physician education regarding the importance of cardioprotective drugs. The 151 patients in the intervention group were compared with 125 historic control patients hospitalized before the program was begun. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess differences in care with regard to ethnicity, education level, and insurance status, and to adjust for different baseline characteristics. Measurements and Main Results. At hospital discharge, patients in the intervention group were more likely to receive statins (71% vs 52%, p=0.001) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (79% vs 51%, p<0.001) compared with controls. These differences remained after adjusting for ethnicity, education level, insurance status, and baseline clinical characteristics. Also, a trend was noted toward greater use of aspirin (92% vs 86%, p=0.13) and β-blockers (79% vs 73%, p=0.24) in the intervention group compared with controls. Patients in the intervention group were more likely to receive counseling for smoking cessation. Conclusion. An inpatient nurse-management program improved the quality of care for patients with CAD regardless of sociodemographic status. Properly designed disease-management initiatives can be effective for disadvantaged patients, who often obtain health care through emergency and inpatient services.
VERTICAL INTEGRATION: RESULTS FROM A CROSS- COURSE STUDENT COLLABORATION

The authors report the results of a cross-class project involving sophomore-level students in an Operations Analysis (OA) class with junior-level students in an Operations Management (OM) class. The students formed virtual teams and developed a simulation model of a call center. The OM students provided the management expertise, while the OA students provided the technical background. Our objective was to reinforce concepts from both courses while providing an opportunity to work in virtual teams. Results suggest great dissatisfaction with virtual teams. Many communication and technology challenges need to be overcome to make this approach a practical one.
Technocracies, Bureaucracies, or Responsive Polities? Urban School Systems and the Politics of School Violence Prevention†

Objective. Two tacks are implicit in the seminal Chubb and Moe (1990) argument that education bureaucracies tend to be rigidified by democratic conflict. One emphasizes the vulnerability of urban systems to organized interests and community pressures; the other argues that urban systems are unresponsive and ossified bureaucracies. This debate contrasts with traditional assumptions of apolitical ‘‘professionalism.’’ The predictive power of these theses is examined for the case of school violence prevention policy. Methods. Ordinary least squares regression analysis is conducted on the 1995 Council of Urban Boards of Education survey, encompassing 74 urban school districts. Results. Districts with greater levels of racial violence and violence against teachers had more school violence prevention measures. Levels of general school violence and district perceptions of school violence were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Urban systems are quite responsive to interest group pressure as well as to high SES communities. The professionalism thesis is not supported. The Politics of Urban Education After nearly two decades of virtual absence from the research literature, 1 political scientists have recently developed renewed interest in urban education politics and governance. Given that K‐12 education consumes more money than any other U.S. governmental activity, that education is consistently found to be the public’s most pressing domestic policy concern, and that urban schools are continually described as being in crisis, this would appear to be an overdue development. Nonetheless, the term ‘‘political institution’’ is more likely to call to mind legislatures or executive
Death after discharge--what would you do?

ith sferred . In the usual pile of paperwork was a newspaper clippin (not his real name to respect confidentiality) had died 2 after his discharge to another facility. I had a feeling it happen, but it greatly upset me nevertheless. The ques were the usual ones a doctor asks when a patient dies. I have done anything to prevent it? What should I do n better understand what happened and to prevent it happening in the future? Usually the answers are relat straightforward. But this situation was different from o patient deaths I had experienced. What would you done? What would you do now? Joe was in his eighties, with multiple medical problems cognitive impairment. He told his son years before tha would rather be dead than go to a nursing home. Time his health and thinking deteriorated, and finally his wife no longer care for him at home. As his health care age brought him to live at a nursing home (at which I am m director and one of the attending physicians) with s resistance but not the vehemence with which he spoke son in the past. Early on, Joe’s son replaced his wife as the legal healt agent. The son said it was because his mother was too u make objective decisions for her husband anymore. She agreeable to the change. For 2 years, the son tried to convince me to stop th life-sustaining medication his father was taking in orde
Computational identification of transcription factor binding sites via a transcription-factor-centric clustering (TFCC) algorithm.

While microarray-based expression profiling has facilitated the use of computational methods to find potential cis-regulatory promoter elements, few current in silico approaches explicitly link regulatory motifs with the transcription factors that bind them. We have thus developed a TF-centric clustering (TFCC) algorithm that may provide such missing information through incorporation of biological knowledge about TFs. TFCC is a semi-supervised clustering algorithm which relies on the assumption that the expression profiles of some TFs may be related to those of the genes under their control. We examined this premise and found the vicinities of TFs in expression space are often enriched with the genes they regulate. So, instead of clustering genes based on the mutual similarity of their expression profiles to each other, we used TFs as seeds to group together genes whose expression patterns correlate with that of a particular TF. Then a Gibbs sampling algorithm was applied to search for shared cis-regulatory elements in promoters of clustered genes. Our working hypothesis was that if a TF-centric cluster indeed contains many targets of the seeding TF, at least one of the discovered motifs would be the site bound by the very same TF. We tested the TFCC approach on eight cell cycle and sporulation regulating TFs whose binding sites have been previously characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and correctly identified binding site motifs for half of them. In addition, we also made de novo predictions for some unknown TF binding sites.
Disclosing Disclosure’s Defects: Addressing Corporate Irresponsibility for Human Rights Impacts

Although many people believe that the role of business is to maximize shareholder value, corporate executives and board members can no longer ignore their companies’ human rights impacts on other stakeholders. Over the past four years, the role and responsibility of non-state actors such as multinationals has come under increased scrutiny. In 2011, the United Nations Human Rights Council unanimously endorsed the “UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,” which outline the State duty to protect human rights, the corporate responsibility to respect human rights, and both the State and corporations’ duties to provide remedies to parties. The Guiding Principles do not bind corporations, but dozens of countries, including the United States, are now working on National Action Plans to comply with their own duties, which include drafting regulations and incentives for companies. In 2014, the UN Human Rights Council passed a resolution to begin the process of developing a binding treaty on business and human rights. Separately, in an effort to address information asymmetries, lawmakers in the United States, Canada, Europe, and California have passed human rights disclosure legislation. Finally, dozens of stock exchanges have imposed either mandatory or voluntary non-financial disclosure requirements, in sync with the UN Principles.Despite various forms of disclosure mandates, these efforts do not work. The conflict lies within the flawed premise that, armed with specific information addressing human rights, consumers and investors will either reward “ethical” corporate behavior, or punish firms with poor human rights records. However, evidence shows that disclosures generally fail to change behavior because: (1) there are too many of them; (2) stakeholders suffer from disclosure overload; and (3) not enough consumers or investors penalize companies by boycotting products or divesting. In this Article, I examine corporate social contract theory, normative business ethics, and the failure of stakeholders to utilize disclosures to punish those firms that breach the social contract. I propose that both stakeholders and companies view corporate actions through an ethical lens, and offer an eight-factor test to provide guidance using current disclosures or stakeholder-specific inquiries. I conclude that disclosure for the sake of transparency, without more, will not lead to meaningful change regarding human rights impacts.
Enterobactin, an iron transport compound from Salmonella typhimurium.

Abstract Enterobactin, a physiologically active iron sequestering agent, is excreted into the medium by Salmonella typhimurium under low iron conditions. It is a cyclic polyester consisting of three residues of 2,3-dihydroxy-N-benzoylserine.
Mathematical and Numerical Approaches in Performance Assessment for Radioactive Waste Disposal: Dealing with Uncertainty

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how uncertainty should be treated in a performance assessment (PA) for a radioactive waste disposal facility or some other complex system. In such assessments, uncertainty is often divided into two components: (i) stochastic or aleatory uncertainty, which arises as the system under study can potentially behave in many different ways, and (ii) subjective or epistemic uncertainty, which arises from a lack of knowledge about quantities that are assumed to have fixed values within the computational implementation of the PA. A PA for a radioactive waste disposal site or some other facility, is a complex mathematical calculation. In such a calculation, it is important to have a clear view of both the formal mathematical components on which the PA is based and the numerical procedures used in the approximation of these components. In addition, appropriate numerical procedures and software that implements these procedures are essential parts of a PA. However, it is also important to maintain the conceptual distinction between a mathematical model and the numerical procedures used to implement that model.
Learning about the population problem: children's attitudes toward family planning in India.

To determine the attitudes of Indian children and adolescents toward family planning a sample of 863 high school students (aged 10-18 years) from the state of Andhra Pradesh was asked 2 operational questions ("have you heard about family planning" and "why does India need family planning?") to measure levels of family planning awareness and 2 additional questions to measure approval of family planning ("do you think family planning is a good thing" and "which is better a big family or a small family?"). Other variables considered were religion socioeconomic status education political knowledge and media exposure. 70% of the respondents had heard of family planning. 49% were able to state a reason for family planning (FP) while 32% were able to grasp the causal connection between population growth and economic development. Of the students who had heard of FP 85% believed that FP was good while 14% favored large families. The findings reflected the higher level of approval of the Andhra Pradesh youth towards FP compared with their adults; this was attributed to generational differences and possibly to the lower level of education of Indian adults. Religion exhibited a strong effect on youths attitudes toward FP with Hindu children exhibiting a more favorable attitude compared with their Muslim counterparts who felt that family planning was bad and large families were good. Although education appears to be the critical determinant of family planning awareness the results suggest that overall the integral element of the socialization process is exposure to a modernizing environment. Nevertheless reduction of population growth rate still largely depends on the Indian governments provision of educational opportunities to its youth.
COLCHICINE FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CARDIAC DISEASES: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS

Colchicine has been suggested to be beneficial in preventing recurrent pericarditis. The goal of this study was to review all randomized controlled trials that assess the use of colchicine for the prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases. We performed a meta-analysis of the effects of
Workers' Arrivals and Departures: An Informal Look

Wieland and Uhich (1976, pp. 57-58) suggest that employees tend to arrive at work just before the scheduled starting time. Further, the arrival array approximates Allport's (1934) J-shaped distribution. Tate, et al. (1978, pp. 25-37) imply that owner-managers, too, arrive before the starting time. However, their arrivals are normally earlier and their departures later. To examine these thoughts, the arrival and departure of cars at a parking area in a surburban industrial site were noted. Sampling observations were made of two time intervals: 30 min. before through 30 min. after the common starting and quitting times for the plants using the space. Further, note was made as to whether the residual cars (those there at the beginning or remaining at the end) were "luxury" or "economy" class. Cadillacs, Lincolns, and Chrys1e.r~ were considered "luxury"; Chevrolets, Fords, and Plymouths "economy." Generally, 30 min. before the starting time about 6% of the arriving cars were in place; 25 rnin., 11%; 20 min., 20%; 15 min., 34%; 10 min., 62%; and 5 rnin., 96%. At the starting time, 97% were there. Five min. later the number increased by 1%, with the remaining 2% arriving during the last 25 min. As for departures, normally about 1% of the cars left during the first 15 min. By 10 min. prior to quitting time, 2% of the cars were gone; and 5 min., 3%. At quitting time, 5% had departed. Five min. later, 36% were gone; 10 min., 63%; 15 min., 79%; 20 rnin., 87%; 25 rnin., 91%; and 30 rnin., 93%. The pattern of arrivals tends to support both parts of the Wieland and Ullrich contention. Further, the distribution of the departures suggests that the involved frequency pattern is an approximate mirror-image of the arrival display. The average ratio of "luxury" to "economy" cars at the beginning of the arrival and the end of the departure intervals was about 2 to 1, as contrasted with approximately a 1 to 20 ratio at the end of the arrival and the beginning of the departure intervals. Assuming that most of the "luxury" class cars belonged to the owner-managers, the "economy" cars to the employees, the findings sugge& support of the thinking of Tate, et al. ( 1978).
Modelling and Imaging Through a Gas-Obscured Zone in Malaysia

Summary We demonstrate using viscoelastic modeling followed by dual velocity RTM imaging that ocean bottom node (OBN) survey is needed in a gas-obscured zone in Malaysia. Scattering caused by “geobodies” filled or partially filled with gas will distort the P-wave propagation. S-wave, on the other hand, is less sensitive to the geobodies, and therefore has a good chance for imaging through gasobscured zones. However, when intrinsic Q (or attenuation) is present in the overburden, the ability of PSconverted wave imaging will be degraded. The reliability and resolution of PS-converted wave imaging also depends on the accuracy of velocity models used for RTM imaging.
Reactive Power Control Strategy for Dispersed Wind Farm Considering Wind Power Forecasting

Dispersed wind power grid connection can resolve the problems caused by centralized grid connection,however,it is a challenge to the traditional power grid scheduling mode.In order to achieve economic and stable operation,a new three-layer reactive power coordinated control strategy including reactive power forecasting,setting and distribution for dispersed wind farm(DWF)is put forward based on wind power forecasting.The reactive power forecasting layer is used to forecast future reactive output of single wind turbine based on physical and statistical combination method.In the reactive power setting layer,considering reactive power compensation devices,a diminishing active power method is adopted.Depending on the required reactive power capacity,a multi-timescale coordinated method is adopted between discrete compensation equipment,static var generator(SVG)and wind turbines considering different timescales of compensation equipment.In the reactive power distribution layer,a new wind turbine reactive power distributed strategy is adjusted considering forecasting trend of each wind turbine.The wind turbines with adjustable capability are selected according to dynamic filter coefficient considering reactive power forecasting and wind speed fluctuation to track reactive power demand.Engineering example proves that the proposed strategy improves the ability of supporting voltage and reduces the transmission losses of wind farm effectively.
Effect Evaluation on Health Education of Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention for Pupils in Zoucheng City

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of health education of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) pupils in 2008. METHODS Uniform questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 587 pupils selected by random sampling. RESULTS The average score of pupils all over the province was 72.8. The rate of over 60 scores was 88.2%. Compared with the results of 2000, the awareness rate of IDD realization of pupils was raised obviously after health education. The rates of IDD related knowledge were 77.0% and 69.2% in country and rural respectively. CONCLUSION It is necessary to keep the progress an d strengthen the effort of health education for pupils. IDD health education for the targeted people should be put emphasis on the rural areas in the future.
Gadolinium in Humans: A Family of Disorders.

OBJECTIVE. The literature informs us that gadolinium can cause health issues. At least four major gadolinium disorders, including the two well-recognized nephrogenic systemic fibrosis and severe acute adverse event, have been identified. CONCLUSION. We propose naming the histopathologically proven presence of gadolinium in brain tissue “gadolinium storage condition,” and we describe a new entity that represents symptomatic deposition of gadolinium in individuals with normal renal function, for which we propose the designation “gadolinium deposition disease.”
Surgical correction of post-vasectomy sterility.

Results with 129 vasectomized patients in whom anastomosis of the vas deferens was considered feasible are described. The first corrective procedure in this series was done in December 1946 and the most recent one was in October 1972. The average age of patients at the time of reunion of the vas deferens was 33.2. The average age of patients at the time of vasectomy was 26.4. The average number of children in the group at the time of vasectomy was 1.8 while in 9 cases there were no children. The surgical technique described differs from that previously reported in refinement simplicity and improvement in suture materials. Both segments of the vas are severed at right angles above the level of fibrosis and the patency of the lumen is ascertained by introduction of a strand of zero monofilament dermalon into the distal segment. A straight blunt 1 3/4 inch 20- gauge hypodermic needle with splint is used to pierce the vas dartos and skin. This is followed by the placement of anastomotic sutures and fixation of the splint to the skin. A previous failure to restore continuity of the vas deferens did not preclude success on a second or even a third attempt as evidenced by a successful result in 6 of 9 cases in this series. Sterility following vasectomy was corrected successfully by anastomosis of the vas deferens in 88.3% of the 129 cases. Vasectomy performed close to the convoluted portion of the vas increased the difficulty of anastomosis and made it impossible in some cases.
Cell-Cell Interactions Leading to Establishment of a Mating Junction in Tetrahymena and Paramecium , Two “Contact-Mediated” Mating Systems

Tetrahymena and Paramecium initiate mating in response to direct physical contact between cells of complementary mating types. Genes that determine mating-type have been cloned and sequenced for both organisms. What remains unclear is how physical interactions between complementary mating type proteins trigger cell adhesion, and assembly of the transient, specialized mating junction through which gametic nuclei are exchanged. It has proven challenging to tease apart the mechanism of cell signaling from that of cell adhesion. Ultimately, mating cells establish cytoplasmic continuity through a process of membrane fusion mediated (at least in Tetrahymena) by a universal gamete fusogen homologous to the Hap2/GCS1 protein first identified in plants, algae, protists and many of the lower animals.
Differences in the way we decide: The effect of decision style diversity on process conflict in design teams

Abstract Extending the decision style literature to the team-level of analysis, this study examined the effects of decision making style diversity on a how members handled disagreements regarding the logistics of task accomplishment (process conflict). Majority rule moderated the relationship between decision making style diversity and process conflict, but rational and spontaneous styles exhibited distinct interactive effects. Higher decision style diversity was associated with greater process conflict when reliance on majority rule was high for the spontaneous style but when reliance on majority rule was low for the rational style. Majority rule also positively affected process conflict. Our results show promise for continued investigation of the compositional effects of decision style at the team-level.
Comparing Self-Injection Teaching Strategies for Patients With Breast Cancer and Their Caregivers: A Pilot Study.

Background A prospective, quasiexperimental pilot study with a sequential design was performed to compare two methods of teaching self-injection. Objectives The study examined 50 patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant treatment and their caregivers to determine if simulation during the teaching experience affects patient/caregiver satisfaction, worry, and self-confidence, as well as nurse satisfaction. Methods Structured questionnaires were administered before the teaching, immediately after the teaching, and after the injection was performed at home. Nurses who performed the teaching also completed a questionnaire after the teaching. Findings Use of simulation did not affect patient/caregiver satisfaction, worry, or self-confidence. The largest impact on learner worry was the actual teaching experience, regardless of the methodology used. Nurses reported greater levels of satisfaction when simulation was part of the teaching. Patient/caregiver satisfaction with the teaching experience decreased after performing the injection at home. Additional research is needed to identify the best methodology for teaching patients and caregivers self-injection. Data from this study revealed that the addition of simulation during teaching does not always translate to better education. In addition, based on patient/caregiver reports, no substitution exists for actual injection administration.
Block play and mathematics learning in preschool: The effects of building complexity, peer and teacher interactions in the block area, and replica play materials

Block play has been included in early childhood classrooms for over a century, yet few studies have examined its effects on learning. Several previous investigations indicate that the complexity of...
CyanoTRACKER: A Citizen Science Project for Reporting Harmful Algal Blooms

The CyanoTRACKER reporting system is a citizen science application which allows users to report potential algal blooms with location-enabled photographs and textual observations. These reports contribute to the larger effort to monitor and protect surface waters from harmful algal blooms (HABs). We discuss the problem of cyanobacterial HABs, their toxins, and current methods for detection and monitoring. The participatory sensing approach is then considered in the context of this project. We describe the system requirements and general design considerations before detailing the current implementation and experiment setup. The mobile reporting app is evaluated in terms of the bandwidth, estimated energy, and the time it takes to submit. Our results show that these citizen-submitted results provide a cost-effective input to water management efforts. We reflect on design decisions and discuss future improvements before concluding the paper.
Regulating belonging: surveillance, inequality, and the cultural production of abjection

ABSTRACTConditions of abjection are increasingly viewed as problems to be managed with surveillance. Across disparate domains, bodies that challenge normalized constructions of responsible neoliberal citizenship are categorized, monitored, policed, and excluded in dehumanizing and often violent ways. This paper explores the role of surveillance in such processes. The registers covered include everyday abjection (welfare systems, battered women’s shelters, and homelessness), criminalized poverty (police targeting of the poor and emerging ‘poverty capitalism’ arrangements), and the radically adrift (the identification, tracking, and containment of refugees). In each of these cases, surveillance is yoked to structural inequalities and systems of oppression, but it also possesses a cultural dimension that thrusts marginalized and dehumanized subjectivities upon the abject Other. Therefore, I argue that in order to critique the gendered, racialized, and classed dimensions of contemporary surveillance, it is ne...
CRT-100.38 Emergency Room Evaluation of Patients With Cardiac Complaints and New Left Bundle Branch Block: The Utility of the Sgarbossa and Modified Sgarbossa Criteria

Accurate recognition of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) remains a challenge. Sgarbossa criteria has a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 98%, while modified Sgarbossa criteria has a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 90% for
Breakthroughs and Limitations of Judicial Reform: A Brief Review of China's New Criminal Procedure Law

The criminal procedure law is one of the basic laws in the Chinese constitutional system. There have been three editions of CPL since the People's Republic of China was founded. 2012 amendments of CPL include 110 articles and some newly-added parts and chapters. Besides the principle of respecting and protecting human rights, most of the amendments focus on criminal defense, evidence, compulsory measures, criminal investigation, the trial system, and special procedures. Although the 2012 CPL has been improved and modified in unprecedented ways, there still are many problems in the rules and their implementations. For future improvements, first, we have to balance public powers and citizens' rights; second, sufficient reliefs should be provided to any violations of rules; third, the legislature should pay more attention to spontaneous experiments and explorations in local jurisdictions; finally, the construction and improvement of legal procedures needs to be systematically implemented and its viability mu...
Ontogeny of Stress-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization and Pituitary-Adrenal Hormone Secretion in Preweanling Norway Rats

Adult organisms rapidly exhibit protective behavioral responses when threatened. In addition, physiological systems are activated reflexively to facilitate survival. How these defensive systems are integrated in order to produce appropriate responding demands a developmental psychobiological analysis. This paper summarizes studies examining in the Norway rat the concurrent ontogeny of 30-50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and pituitary-adrenal hormone responses induced by stressors presented during the preweaning period. Postnatal Day 7 male rats exposed to social isolation emit significantly more ultrasounds than Day 14 pups, and by 21 days of age social isolation is no longer effective in eliciting ultrasonic vocalizations. This age-dependent attenuation in occurrence of ultrasounds is accompanied by an increased responsiveness of the pituitary- adrenal system. Studies incorporating the use of psychophysical, that is, electric foot shock, and psychological, that is, conspecific threat, stressors indicate further that exposure to such stimuli significantly reduces in Day 14 rats the emission of ultrasonic vocalization but may potentiate their occurrence in Day 7 pups. Application of foot shock reliably induces ultrasonic emission in normally silent Day 21 pups as in adult rats. The hormonal response to these stressors is similar to that found in pups exposed to social isolation; pituitary adrenocorticotropin and adrenal corticosterone secretion increases significantly in Day 14 pups and a further notable increased secretion occurs in Day 21 males and reflects the intensity of the stressor. The increased secretion of pituitary-adrenal hormones coupled with the modulatory capacity to reduce ultrasonic vocalizations by 14 days of age suggest that systems have developed to provide increased behavioral and physiological flexibility during confrontations with varied threats.
Rating the sustainable city: ‘Measurementality’, transparency, and unexpected outcomes at the knowledge-policy interface

Abstract Ratings are an increasingly popular part of urban sustainability governance and are widely understood as tools to guide policy and ensure transparency. This understanding is part of a more general shift in governance towards “New Public Management” that emphasizes public accountability and the accuracy of quantitative metrics and technical knowledge in policy evaluation. But critics have assessed ratings as broader mechanisms of governmentality, through which authorities shape, instrumentalize, and control conduct, and promote particular urban trajectories, in politicized ways. This paper examines STAR Communities, a recently developed urban sustainability rating system in the USA, to understand how such ratings behave at the interface of knowledge and policy, and how seeking transparency through ratings can produce unexpected outcomes that evade sustainability. This paper is not a critique of a specific rating system or set of indicators, but does yield a critique of the kinds of unexpected outcomes that are possible when we privilege quantitative measures of achievement. The study finds: 1) ratings are often used as labels rather than as policy inputs; 2) ratings can exacerbate existing inequalities and create new inequalities within and between municipalities because, while ratings can bring financial benefits, certification demands significant financial and political resources; and, 3) ratings can incentivize the realignment of governance priorities, as cities ‘grab’ points by pursuing quickly implemented, uncontroversial, and politically ‘safe’ policies and programs. The study also finds that sustainability managers continue to pursue quantitative sustainability measurement because of dominant assumptions that ‘counting is what counts’.