cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Workplace Values and Outcomes: Exploring Personal, Organizational, and Interactive Workplace Spirituality

Spiritual values in the workplace, increasingly discussed and applied in the business ethics literature, can be viewed from an individual, organizational, or interactive perspective. The following study examined previously unexplored workplace spirituality outcomes. Using data collected from five samples consisting of full-time workers taking graduate coursework, results indicated that perceptions of organizational-level spirituality (“organizational spirituality”) appear to matter most to attitudinal and attachment-related outcomes. Specifically, organizational spirituality was found to be positively related to job involvement, organizational identification, and work rewards satisfaction, and negatively related to organizational frustration. Personal spirituality was positively related to intrinsic, extrinsic, and total work rewards satisfaction. The interaction of personal spirituality and organizational spirituality was found related to total work rewards satisfaction. Future workplace spirituality research directions are discussed.
Epitaxy and thick-film formation on an attractive substrate: The systematics of a lattice-gas model

A lattice-gas model consisting of an inert attractive substrate and an adatom gas with nearest-neighbor repulsion and next-nearest-neighbor attraction is studied by mean-field and Monte Carlo methods. Epitaxial (sublattice-ordered) phases appear in the surface phase diagram and it is possible to examine in this context the interplay between film formation (layering and wetting) and lateral ordering (epitaxy). For a given adatom/substrate pair, film buildup proceeds in the usual way, except that regions of epitaxy appear in the surface phase diagram. Strong enough substrate attraction produces high-density, compressed layers and quenches epitaxy. Because of the adatom-adatom nearest-neighbor repulsion, this compression can lead to a nonmonotonic dependence of wetting behavior on substrate strength and even to complete dewetting at $T=0$ for certain strong substrates. The relation of these phenomena to various experimental observations is discussed.
Hybrid fabrication of single frequency semiconductor lasers

While simple Fabry-Perot (F-P) semiconductor lasers are readily available on the market, singlemode lasers are produced only in limited spectral intervals, mainly of interest to optical communications. A hybridisation scheme has been devised that, given a suitable F-P gain medium, enables the fabrication of small, mechanically robust single frequency lasers in a wide spectral range, limited only by the transparency of the SiON material.
A comparison of the kinin-like factor in the sea nettle fishing and mesenteric tentacles.

Abstract 1. 1. Preparations from the fishing and mesenteric tentacles of Chrysaora quinquecirrha were compared in various toxicological properties. 2. 2. The kinin-like factor exhibited similar patterns on isoelectric focusing of the individual preparations, but markedly different from electrofocusing of the combined tentacle preparations. 3. 3. Fishing tentacle toxin contained much higher levels of kinin-like factor, mouse lethality and dermonecrotic activity relative to total protein concentration than did the mesenteric tentacle toxin. 4. 4. The two tentacle preparations exhibited similar elution patterns when subjected to SP-Sephadex, DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxylapatite chromatography.
Executive Control during Episodic Retrieval: Multiple Prefrontal Processes Subserve Source Memory

During recognition, one may sense items as familiar (item memory) and additionally recollect specific contextual details of the earlier encounters (source memory). Cognitive theory suggests that, unlike item memory, source memory requires controlled cue specification and monitoring processes. Functional imaging suggests that such processes may depend on left prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the nature and possible anatomical segregation of these processes remains unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we isolated distinct response patterns in left PFC during source memory consistent with semantic analysis/cue specification (anterior ventrolateral), recollective monitoring (posterior dorsolateral and frontopolar), and phonological maintenance/rehearsal (posterior ventrolateral). Importantly, cue specification and recollective monitoring responses were not seen during item memory and were unaffected by retrieval success, demonstrating that the mere attempt to recollect episodic detail engages multiple control processes with different left PFC substrates.
Detection of large ions in time-of-flight mass spectrometry: effects of ion mass and acceleration voltage on microchannel plate detector response.

In time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), ion detection is typically accomplished by the generation and amplification of secondary electrons produced by ions colliding with a microchannel plate (MCP) detector. Here, the response of an MCP detector as a function of ion mass and acceleration voltage is characterized, for singly charged peptide/protein ions ranging from 1 to 290 kDa in mass, and for acceleration voltages from 5 to 25 kV. A nondestructive inductive charge detector (ICD) employed in parallel with MCP detection provides a reliable reference signal to allow accurate calibration of the MCP response. MCP detection efficiencies were very close to unity for smaller ions at high acceleration voltages (e.g., angiotensin, 1046.5 Da, at 25 kV acceleration voltage), but decreased to ~11% for the largest ions examined (immunoglobulin G (IgG) dimer, 290 kDa) even at the highest acceleration voltage employed (25 kV). The secondary electron yield γ (average number of electrons produced per ion collision) is found to be proportional to mv3.1 (m: ion mass, v: ion velocity) over the entire mass range examined, and inversely proportional to the square root of m in TOF-MS analysis. The results indicate that although MCP detectors indeed offer superlative performance in the detection of smaller peptide/protein species, their performance does fall off substantially for larger proteins, particularly under conditions of low acceleration voltage.
Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: the impact of surgical margin status on outcome.

An R0 margin width of 1 cm has traditionally been considered a prerequisite to minimize local recurrence and optimize survival following hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer. However, recent data have called into question the prognostic importance of the ‘1-cm rule’. Specifically, several studies have noted that, although an R0 resection is important, the actual margin width may not be as critical. We provide a brief overview of the impact of an R1 vs. an R0 resection on local recurrence and overall survival. In addition, we specifically review the impact of margin width in patients who have undergone an R0 resection. Finally, we highlight those factors most associated with an increased likelihood of an R1 resection and provide recommendations for avoiding and dealing with microscopic carcinoma discovered intraoperatively at the cut parenchymal transection margin.
Pyramidal tract responses during seizures

Abstract 1. 1. Responses to stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex were recorded from the ipsilateral medullary pyramid during seizures in locally anesthetized, paralyzed cats. Seizures were induced either by i.v. administration of Metrazol or by high frequency stimulation of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex. 2. 2. Changes in PT responses that were observed include: an increased fluctuation in amplitude of both D and I components during seizures as compared with the resting period and the addition of a large late I component not obtainable by strong, brief stimulation of normal cortex. In addition, paroxysmal activity in the ECoG usually accompanied that in the PT. 3. 3. Before the amplitude of the PT response can be used as a measure of the number of responding PT neurons (and hence as a measure of PT excitability) any change in size of the action potentials of PT axons during a seizure must be determined. An average decrement of 5–10% was indirectly estimated from the decrement in population responses to direct stimulation of PT axons at several intensities. 4. 4. The PT response to a test stimulus given more than 250 msec after the onset of an antecedent paroxysmal PT discharge usually had the largest late I wave, some enhancement of the early I waves, but a slightly reduced D wave. Such reduction is mainly attributable to reduced size of the individual axonal potentials and is only occasionally attributable to reduced excitability of PT neurons. By contrast, a test stimulus given during the latter part of a paroxysmal discharge, or soon thereafter, elicited an enhanced D wave and reduced I waves. 5. 5. The interneuronal circuits subserving the late I wave are located in the homolateral sensorimotor cortex because of the following: 1. (a) After unilateral topical application of Metrazol to the sensorimotor cortex, the late I wave response was initially confined to the same side. 2. (b) The late I wave was not elicited by subcortical stimulation of white matter during a seizure. 3. (c) Late I waves could still be elicited by stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex after extensive acute ipsilateral thalamic lesions (including the ventral thalamic group), or after an extensive lesion of the ipsilateral head of the caudate nucleus, or after contralateral hemispherectomy. 4. 6. All I wave responses were markedly depressed during the post-ictal period. 5. 7. The characteristic changes in PT responses during seizures did not depend in contamitant changes in arterial pressure. 6. 8.The findings suggest that at certain times during a seizure, PT neurons have their excitability at, and occasionally slighly below, control levels until powerfully driven by the cortical interneuronal circuits subserving either the late I waves or paroxysmal discharges.
Soil-forming intervals caused by eolian sediment pulses in the Lahontan basin, northwestern Nevada

We have studied a series of Toyeh (post-Isotope Stage 2: Eolian dust fall was the source of fines and salts in these soils. Apparently, this influx was concentrated during two brief intervals, or "pulses," one during the Holocene, and one during the previous (Isotope Stage 5) interpluvial. Leaching during the Sehoo pluvial removed salts from Churchill soils; carbonate and soluble salts now observed in the Churchill soils represent a Toyeh overprint on the Churchill profile. These pulses of fine sediment and accompanying salts are tantamount to the "soil-forming intervals" that Morrison described in the Lahontan area. Episodic eolian dustfall provides fine particles of silicates, calcite, and soluble salts that infiltrate into the clast-supported alluvial piedmont sediments. Several hundred playas exist in the Basin and Range, each providing directional dust contributions that influence local and regional soil development. We counsel caution in assuming constant, gradual development of soil properties without due consideration of paleoenvironmental influences on soil-forming factors.
Limit Orders and Volatility in a Hybrid Market: The Island ECN

This paper presents a cross-sectional empirical investigation of the relations between volatility and various measures of activity on the Island ECN, an Alternative Trading System for US equities that is organized as an electronic limit order book. We find that higher volatility is generally associated with (i) a lower proportion of limit orders in the incoming order flow, (ii) a higher probability of limit order execution, and (iii) shorter expected time to execution. We find weaker evidence that higher volatility is associated with lower depth in the book. In addition, we find that Island's market share for a given firm is positively related to the overall level of Nasdaq trading in the firm, and document substantial use of hidden limit orders (for which the submitter has opted to forgo display of the order). Finally, over one quarter of the limit orders submitted to Island are canceled (unexecuted) within two seconds or less. The extensive use of these 'fleeting' orders is at odds with the view that limit order traders (like dealers) are patient providers of liquidity.
Substance use disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in mid and later life: a review

Background Globally, adults aged 65 years or older will increase from 516 million in 2009 to an estimated 1.53 billion in 2050. Due to substance use at earlier ages that may continue into later life, and ageing-related changes in medical conditions, older substance users are at risk for substance-related consequences. Methods MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases were searched using keywords: alcohol use disorder, drug use disorder, drug misuse, substance use disorder, prescription drug abuse, and substance abuse. Using the related-articles link, additional articles were screened for inclusion. This review focused on original studies published between 2005 and 2013 to reflect recent trends in substance use disorders. Studies on psychiatric comorbidity were also reviewed to inform treatment needs for older adults with a substance use disorder. Results Among community non-institutionalized adults aged 50+ years, about 60% used alcohol, 3% used illicit drugs and 1–2% used nonmedical prescription drugs in the past year. Among adults aged 50+, about 5% of men and 1.4% of women had a past-year alcohol use disorder. Among alcohol users, about one in 14 users aged 50–64 had a past-year alcohol use disorder vs one in 30 elder users aged 65+. Among drug users aged 50+, approximately 10–12% had a drug use disorder. Similar to depressive and anxiety disorders, substance use disorders were among the common psychiatric disorders among older adults. Older drug users in methadone maintenance treatment exhibited multiple psychiatric or medical conditions. There have been increases in treatment admissions for illicit and prescription drug problems in the United States. Conclusions Substance use in late life requires surveillance and research, including tracking substance use in the racial/ethnic populations and developing effective care models to address comorbid medical and mental health problems.
Periodic Area Minimization Surfaces in Microstructural Science

An A/B block copolymer consists of two macromolecules bonded together. In forming an equilibrium structure, such a material may separate into distinct phases, creating domains of component A and component B A dominant factor in the determination of the domain morphology is area-minimization of the intermaterial surface, subject to fixed volume fraction. Surfaces that satisfy this mathematical condition are said to have constant mean curvature. The geometry of such surfaces strongly influences physical properties of the material, and they have been proposed as structural models in a variety of physical and biological systems. We have discovered domain structures in phase-separated diblock copolymers that closely approximate periodic constant mean curvature surfaces. Transmission electron microscopy and computer simulation are used to deduce the three-dimensional microstructure by comparison of tilt series with two-dimensional image projection simulations of 3-D mathematical models. Three structures are discussed: the first of which is the double diamond microdomain morphology associated to a newly discovered family of triply periodic constant mean curvature surfaces. Second, a doubly periodic boundary between lamellar microdomains, corresponding to a classically known surface (called Scherk’s First Surface), is described. Finally, we show a lamellar morphology in thin films that is apparently related to a new family of periodic surfaces.
Molecular identification of alarm cues in the defensive secretions of the sea hare Aplysia californica

Prey species possess numerous strategies to reduce predation. One tactic is to respond with antipredator behaviours when conspecific alarm cues are detected. The sea hare Aplysia californica defends itself from predators in many ways, one of which is releasing ink and opaline upon attack. Previous work showed that a mixture of ink and opaline from A. californica causes conspecifics to respond with antipredator behaviours such as moving away and/or ‘galloping’. We examined the specificity of the alarm response, including identifying the molecules mediating it. Either ink or opaline alone evokes the full alarm response, but conspecific mucus, conspecific haemolymph, odour from predatory spiny lobsters, or odour from algal food do not. Thus, the defensive secretions, ink and opaline, specifically act as alarm cues to nearby conspecifics. We isolated and identified the alarm cues in ink as the base uracil and the nucleosides uridine and cytidine. Each of these molecules individually elicits frequencies of alarm behaviours as great as ink. Ink without its alarm cue molecules does not elicit a significant frequency of alarm behaviours. Thus, these three molecules together are necessary and sufficient to produce alarm responses. Aplysia californica antipredator behaviours are also elicited by ink from the congener Aplysia juliana or Aplysia dactylomela. Furthermore, ink from the squid Lolliguncula brevis or the octopus Octopus bimaculoides also elicits antipredator behaviours by A. californica, owing to the presence of uracil and uridine. Thus, these alarm cues may be common among inking molluscs.
To the beat of a different drum: determinants implicated in the asymmetric sequence divergence of Caenorhabditis elegans paralogs.

Gene duplicates often exhibit asymmetric rates of molecular evolution in their early evolutionary existence. This asymmetry in rates is thought to signify the maintenance of the ancestral function by one copy and the removal of functional constraint on the other copy, enabling it to embark on a novel evolutionary trajectory. Here I focused on a large population of evolutionarily young gene duplicates (K S ≤ 0.14) in the Caenorhabditis elegans genome in order to conduct the first combined analysis of four predictors (evolutionary age, chromosomal location, structural resemblance between duplicates, and duplication span) which may be implicated in the asymmetric sequence divergence of paralogs at the nucleotide and amino acid level. In addition, I investigate if either paralog is equally likely to embark on a trajectory of accelerated sequence evolution or whether the derived paralog is more likely to exhibit faster sequence evolution. Three predictors (evolutionary age of duplicates, chromosomal location and duplication span) serve as major determinants of sequence asymmetry between C. elegans paralogs. Paralogs diverge asymmetrically in sequence with increasing evolutionary age, the relocation of one copy to a different chromosome and attenuated duplication spans that likely fail to capture the entire ancestral repertoire of coding sequence and regulatory elements. Furthermore, for paralogs residing on the same chromosome, opposite transcriptional orientation and increased genomic distance do not increase sequence asymmetry between paralogs. For a subset of duplicate pairs wherein the ancestral versus derived paralog could be distinguished, the derived paralogs are more likely to evolve at accelerated rates. This genome-wide study of evolutionarily young duplicates stemming primarily from DNA-mediated small-scale duplication events demonstrates that genomic relocation to a new chromosome has important consequences for asymmetric divergence of paralogs, akin to paralogs arising from RNA-mediated duplication events. Additionally, the duplication span is negatively correlated with sequence rate asymmetry among paralogs, suggesting that attenuated duplication spans stemming from incomplete duplication of the ORF and/or ancestral regulatory elements further accelerate sequence divergence between paralogs. Cumulatively, derived copies exhibit accelerated rates of sequence evolution suggesting that they are primed for a divergent evolutionary trajectory by changes in structure and genomic context at inception.
Adaptive Modulation in Wireless Networks with Smoothed Flow Utility

We investigate flow rate optimization on a wireless link with randomly varying channel gain using techniques from adaptive modulation and network utility maximization. We consider the problem of choosing the data flow rate to optimally trade off average transmit power and the average utility of the smoothed data flow rate. The smoothing allows us to model the demands of an application that can tolerate variations in flow over a certain time interval; we will see that this smoothing leads to a substantially different optimal data flow rate policy than without smoothing. We pose the problem as a convex stochastic control problem. For the case of a single flow, the optimal data flow rate policy can be numerically computed using stochastic dynamic programming. For the case of multiple data flows on a single link, we propose an approximate dynamic programming approach to obtain suboptimal data flow rate policies. We illustrate, through numerical examples, that these approximate policies perform very well.
Gas and vapor sorption in polymers just below Tg

Generally, sorption isotherms for gases like CO2 in glassy polymers are concave to the pressure axis, whereas in the rubbery state these isotherms are linear for gases or sometimes convex to the pressure axis for more condensable vapors. Examples of CO2 isotherms are reported here that show at low pressure the curvature characteristic of glasses and then become linear at higher pressures. This is observed when the glass transition temperature Tg is not much greater than the observation temperature T, and plasticization of the polymer by sorbed CO2 causes Tg to become equal to T within the range of pressures employed in the isotherm measurement. For the sorption of vapors in glassy polymers, this can lead to sigmoidal isotherms, as discussed using an illustration from the literature.
Hallux varus congenitus

Das 7 1/2 jahrige Madchen wird wegen zunehmender Fehlstellung der Groszehe und dadurch auftretender Muhe bei der Schuhversorgung vorgestellt. Eine Einlageversorgung hatte wahrend einiger Jahre stattgefunden, aber ohne sichtbares Korrekturergebnis.
A convective/stratiform precipitation classification algorithm for volume scanning weather radar observations

This paper presents a scheme that classifies reflectivity measurements from ground-based volume scanning radar into convective and stratiform precipitation types. The algorithm developed in this paper uses the neural network approach as a tool for classification. The algorithm is trained and validated on radar data obtained from 18 Weather Surveillance (WSR-88D) Doppler Radar sites in the southern United States, sampled over the period December 1997 to October 1999. For the training and validation of the neural network, classification information from a hybrid approach based on Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) classification products and low-level ground radar reflectivity fields is taken as reference. The approach utilises PR's ability to observe the vertical structure of storms with high resolution (250 metres) and WSR-88D's ability to observe the low-level horizontal reflectivity magnitude and spatial variability. The method was applied to an extended dataset consisting of storm cases associated with squall line convection, mesoscale convective system, and widespread stratiform precipitation with embedded convection. The scheme is shown to have an overall 75% probability of detection, 18% false alarm rate, 67% critical success ratio, and 0.554 in prediction correlation (Cramer's V coefficient). It has an overall 4% overestimation and 27% underestimation of stratiform and convective rain areas, respectively. The classification results are compared to two current methods and improvements are shown in terms of the above statistical measures and through visual comparison with PR classification fields. The improved classification scheme derived herein will help establish more accurate radar reflectivity-rainfall relationships and improve the retrieval of diabatic heating in different cloud systems. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.
Hairy Cell Leukemia: An Elusive but Treatable Disease

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a unique chronic lymphoproliferative disorder that can mimic or coexist with other clonal hematologic disorders and has been associated with autoimmune disorders. It should be entertained as an alternative diagnosis in patients with cytopenias being assigned the diagnosis of aplastic anemia, hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome, atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-prolymphocytic leukemia, or idiopathic myelofibrosis. Causative etiology or molecular defects remain unclear, although nonspecific chromosomal and molecular changes have been described. The typical presentation is that of a middle-aged man with an incidental finding of pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and inaspirable bone marrow. Treatment with a purine analogue, cladribine or pentostatin, results in extremely high, durable, overall, and complete response ratelt hougsince and relapss do occur. A var
Improving Dermatology Clinical Efficiency in Academic Medical Centers

Objective : Improve efficiency and profitability in academic medical centers Methods : Academic medical centers across the United States are experiencing lower payments with increasing work hours and patient volumes for many faculty physicians. Department chairpersons find themselves caught in the middle, trying to improve clinical efficiency and profitability while retaining satisfied physicians. During a meeting with the chairperson, one faculty member reported frustration with the inability to meet targets for incentive pay. He agreed to add six slots to his scheduling template each half day if he could have a second LPN/RN for support. The hypothesis: productivity as measured by charges, work relative value units, and collections would increase and be greater than the cost of the additional employee. Data was collected over eight months, with the physician having one assistant during the first half and two assistants during the second half. Results : There was a 30% increase in completed visits, 39% increase in wRVU’s, and 33% increase in gross payments received. Conclusion : This experiment demonstrated that, when allowed to have input regarding structure of their own clinics, physicians are predictably able to see more patients and generate more income.
Sexual selection in Woodhouse's toad (Bufo woodhousei) I. Chorus organization

Abstract I studied the reproductive behaviour of a population of prolonged-breeding Bufo woodhousei in central Arizona. Choruses formed in discrete and consistent areas of ponds, and males actively defended calling sites within these aggregations. Call rate and calling site residency, but not size, were important factors determining the outcome of male-male disputes within choruses. Females visited choruses to select males, and oviposition occurred away from the calling site of selected males. Natural and experimental observations revealed that females prefer males with a high call rate. Preliminary results indicated that large males did not achieve greater reproductive success, nor was there any suggestion of assortative mating in size of mated pairs. It is concluded that B. woodhousei has a lek mating system, possible because of its prolonged breeding period. These results are discussed in relation to other anuran mating systems and sexual selection in general.
Illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use

The anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are a family of hormones that includes testosterone and its derivatives. These substances have been used by elite athletes since the 1950s, but they did not become widespread drugs of abuse in the general population until the 1980s. Thus, knowledge of the medical and behavioral effects of illicit AAS use is still evolving. Surveys suggest that many millions of boys and men, primarily in Western countries, have abused AAS to enhance athletic performance or personal appearance. AAS use among girls and women is much less common. Taken in supraphysiologic doses, AAS show various long-term adverse medical effects, especially cardiovascular toxicity. Behavioral effects of AAS include hypomanic or manic symptoms, sometimes accompanied by aggression or violence, which usually occur while taking AAS, and depressive symptoms occurring during AAS withdrawal. However, these symptoms are idiosyncratic and afflict only a minority of illicit users; the mechanism of these idiosyncratic responses remains unclear. AAS users may also ingest a range of other illicit drugs, including both "body image" drugs to enhance physical appearance or performance, and classical drugs of abuse. In particular, AAS users appear particularly prone to opioid use. There may well be a biological basis for this association, since both human and animal data suggest that AAS and opioids may share similar brain mechanisms. Finally, AAS may cause a dependence syndrome in a substantial minority of users. AAS dependence may pose a growing public health problem in future years but remains little studied.
Teenage Mothers and Welfare Dependency Working Off Welfare

This article examines the process by which teenage mothers work their way off welfare. Data come from the Baltimore Study, which followed a group of Black teenage mothers for 17 years after their first birth. Results revealed extensive labor market activity among the young mothers on welfare. Human capital investments are the key determinants of welfare exits through work. In particular, education facilitates more rapid job exits, and cumulative work experience among the less-educated mothers allows women to eventually work their way off welfare. Education provides a more efficient route out of welfare by leading to a higher-paying job. Child-care constraints prolong welfare dependency by making it especially difficult for welfare mothers to work. Analysis first focuses on the extent to which teenage mothers on welfare enter the labor force and whether the transition to work results in an exit from welfare. Then, the process of leaving welfare through labor market experience is examined among those women ...
Parents’ Experiences With Pediatric Care at Retail Clinics

Importance Little is known about the use of retail clinics (RCs) for pediatric care. Objective To describe the rationale and experiences of families with a pediatrician who also use RCs for pediatric care. Design and Setting Cross-sectional study with 19 pediatric practices in a Midwestern practice-based research network. Participants Parents attending the pediatrician’s office. Main Outcomes and Measures Parents’ experience with RC care for their children. Results In total, 1484 parents (91.9% response rate) completed the self-administered paper survey. Parents (23.2%) who used the RC for pediatric care were more likely to report RC care for themselves (odds ratio, 7.79; 95% CI, 5.13-11.84), have more than 1 child (2.16; 1.55-3.02), and be older (1.05; 1.03-1.08). Seventy-four percent first considered going to the pediatrician but reported choosing the RC because the RC had more convenient hours (36.6%), no office appointment was available (25.2%), they did not want to bother the pediatrician after hours (15.4%), or they thought the problem was not serious enough (13.0%). Forty-seven percent of RC visits occurred between 8amand 4pmon weekdays or 8amand noon on the weekend. Most commonly, visits were reportedly for acute upper respiratory tract illnesses (sore throat, 34.3%; ear infection, 26.2%; and colds or flu, 19.2%) and for physicals (13.1%). While 7.3% recalled the RC indicating it would inform the pediatrician of the visit, only 41.8% informed the pediatrician themselves. Conclusions and Relevance Parents with established relationships with a pediatrician most often took their children to RCs for care because access was convenient. Almost half the visits occurred when the pediatricians’ offices were likely open.
Active learning guided interactions for consistent image segmentation with reduced user interactions

Interactive techniques leverage the expert knowledge of users to produce accurate image segmentations. However, the segmentation accuracy varies with the users. Additionally, users may require training with the algorithm and its exposed parameters to obtain the best segmentation with minimal effort. Our work combines active learning with interactive segmentation and (i) achieves as good or better accuracy as a fully user guided segmentation with significantly lower number of user interactions (on average 50%), and (ii) achieves robust segmentation despite user variability. Our approach interacts with user to suggest placement of gestures. We present extensive experimental evaluation of our results on two different publicly available datasets.
Single stage circumferential cervical surgery (selective anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion and laminoplasty) for multilevel ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament with spinal cord ischemia on MRI.

Objective : Anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACF) or laminoplasty may be associated with substantial number of complications for treating multilevel cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) with significant cord compression. For more safe decompression and stabilization in multilevel cervical OPLL with prominent cord compression, we propose circumferential cervical surgery (selective ACF and laminoplasty) based on our favorable experience. Methods : Twelve patients with cervical myelopathy underwent circumferential cervical surgery and all patients showed multilevel OPLL with signal change of the spinal cord on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A retrospective review of clinical, radiological, and surgical data was conducted. Results : There were 9 men and 3 women with mean age of 56.7 years and a mean follow up period of 15.6 months. The average corpectomy level was 1.16 and laminoplasty level was 4.58. The average Japanese Orthopedic Association score for recovery was 5.1 points and good clinical results were obtained in 11 patients (92%) (p < 0.05). The average space available for the cord improved from 58.2% to 87.9% and the average Cobb’s angle changed from 7.63 to 12.27 at 6 months after operation without failure of fusion (p < 0.05). Average operation time was 8.36 hours, with an estimated blood loss of 760 mL and duration of bed rest of 2.0 days. There were no incidences of significant surgical complications, including wound infection. Conclusion : Although the current study examined a small sample with relatively short-term follow-up periods, our study results demonstrate that circumferential cervical surgery is considered favorable for safety and effectiveness in multilevel OPLL with prominent cord compression.
There’s a Policy for That: A Comparison of the Organizational Culture of Workplaces Reporting Incidents of Sexual Harassment

It has been more than 25 years since the Equal Employment Opportunity Council first published guidelines on sexual harassment. In response, many companies developed policies and procedures for dealing with harassment in their workplaces. The impact of sexual harassment policies on changing workplace culture has been met with mixed findings. The current study investigates the environmental differences or organizational cultures of companies holding formal sexual harassment policies using organizational level data (2002 National Organization Survey). Logistic regressions compared organizations with and without formal complaints on organizational structure, worker power, and interpersonal climate variables. Findings indicated the importance of negative interpersonal climate variables (threatening, bullying, and incivility) in differentiating companies who experience formal complaints of sexual harassment from those that do not.
Structural Basis for Competitive Inhibition of eIF4G-Mnk1 Interaction by the Adenovirus 100-Kilodalton Protein

Translation of most cellular mRNAs involves cap binding by the translation initiation complex. Among this complex of proteins are cap-binding protein eIF4E and the eIF4E kinase Mnk1. Cap-dependent mRNA translation generally correlates with Mnk1 phosphorylation of eIF4E when both are bound to eIF4G. During the late phase of adenovirus (Ad) infection translation of cellular mRNA is inhibited, which correlates with displacement of Mnk1 from eIF4G by the viral 100-kDa (100K) protein and dephosphorylation of eIF4E. Here we describe the molecular mechanism for 100K protein displacement of Mnk1 from eIF4G and elucidate a structural basis for eIF4G interaction with Mnk1 and 100K proteins and Ad inhibition of cellular protein synthesis. The eIF4G-binding site is located in an N-terminal 66-amino-acid peptide of 100K which is sufficient to bind eIF4G, displace Mnk1, block eIF4E phosphorylation, and inhibit eIF4F (cap)-dependent cellular mRNA translation. Ad 100K and Mnk1 proteins possess a common eIF4G-binding motif, but 100K protein binds more strongly to eIF4G than does Mnk1. Unlike Mnk1, for which binding to eIF4G is RNA dependent, competitive binding by 100K protein is RNA independent. These data support a model whereby 100K protein blocks cellular protein synthesis by coopting eIF4G and cap-initiation complexes regardless of their association with mRNA and displacing or blocking binding by Mnk1, which occurs only on preassembled complexes, resulting in dephosphorylation of eIF4E.
Decision Support System for Combined Transportation and Utility Construction Strategy

Highway projects often require that adjacent utilities be adjusted to make room for new or expanded highway facilities. As an increasing number of highway projects are constructed in congested, interferenceprone environments, timely completion of utility adjustment work is more critical than ever. The conventional strategy used by state departments of transportation demands that each utility owner involved complete its respective adjustments before highway construction. This strategy may present numerous challenges and can carry with it serious consequences for state departments of transportation, utility owners, and the traveling public. One major new strategic approach sporadically used by state departments of transportation within the past decade is to combine utility adjustment work with the highway contractor's scope of work and theoretically to reduce some associated complications and risks. This strategy is called combined transportation and utility construction (CTUC), and it offers many benefits ...
Clustered blockwise PCA for representing visual data

Principal component analysis (PCA) is extensively used in computer vision and image processing. Since it provides the optimal linear subspace in a least-square sense, it has been used for dimensionality reduction and subspace analysis in various domains. However, its scalability is very limited because of its inherent computational complexity. We introduce a new framework for applying PCA to visual data which takes advantage of the spatio-temporal correlation and localized frequency variations that are typically found in such data. Instead of applying PCA to the whole volume of data (complete set of images), we partition the volume into a set of blocks and apply PCA to each block. Then, we group the subspaces corresponding to the blocks and merge them together. As a result, we not only achieve greater efficiency in the resulting representation of the visual data, but also successfully scale PCA to handle large data sets. We present a thorough analysis of the computational complexity and storage benefits of our approach. We apply our algorithm to several types of videos. We show that, in addition to its storage and speed benefits, the algorithm results in a useful representation of the visual data.
Transition from mechanical arm to human arm with CAREX: A cable driven ARm EXoskeleton (CAREX) for neural rehabilitation

Rehabilitation robotic devices have been actively explored for training patients with impaired neural functions or assisting those with weak limbs due to aging or diseases. In recent years, the authors have proposed light-weight exoskeleton designs for the upper arm, in which rigid links of the exoskeleton are replaced by lightweight cuffs attached to the moving limb segments of the human arm. Cables, driven by motors, are routed through these cuffs to move the limb segments. However, a scientific limitation of a cable driven system is that cables can only pull but not push. Previously, the authors have demonstrated by experiments with CAREX mounted on a robotic arm that it is possible to achieve forces in all directions at the wrist. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate via experiments that CAREX is able to apply similar forces at the end-effector with healthy subjects in the device. In this research, CAREX was rigidly attached to an arm orthosis which can be tightly strapped on the human arm. The cable routing points were optimized for large “tensioned” workspace of the arm for typical Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). An orientation sensor was used to measure shoulder joint angles. Experiments are presented to validate the new sensor implementation and show the performance of CAREX on healthy subjects.
Statistical characteristics of thin, wavy films: Part II. Studies of the substrate and its wave structure

Waves on falling liquid film display certain random features. At least two classes of such random waves are shown to exist; large waves which carry the bulk of the fluid and small waves which cover a substrate film that exists between large waves. It is shown that the statistics of the substrate thicknes and its wave structure can be extracted from measurements of the variation of film thickness with time. A theory is presented for calculating the mean substrate thickness and the substrate flow rate. The statistics of the wave structure is presented and compared with existing theory. The importance of the substrate in controlling transfer processes is demonstrated.
Transcending the Qualitative-Quantitative Debate: The Analytic and Systemic Approaches to Educational Research

There is a distinction to be made that transcends the one between the quantitative and qualitative research paradigms. It is a distinction between that kind of research that suits best the study of causal relations among selected variables and the study of complex learning environments undergoing change. Two studies illustrating the differences lead to the formulation of two approaches–the analytic and the systemic–which differ from each other in terms of the epistemological assumptions that underlie them. These differences are not accounted for by other contrasts such as "'basic-applied" or "quantitative-qualitative." The analytic approach mainly assumes that discrete elements of complex educational phenomena can be isolated for study, leaving all else unchanged. The systemic approach mainly assumes that elements are interdependent, inseparable, and even define each other in a transactional manner so that a change in one changes everything else and thus requires the study of patterns, not of single varia...
Extending and enhancing GT-ITM

GT-ITM is a collection of software tools for creation, manipulation, and analysis of graph models of internet topology. It has been used by networking researchers in a variety of ways, most often to create topologies for use in simulation studies. This paper describes the features of a new release of GT-ITM, including enhanced visualization capabilities; a routing and forwarding module for use with large graphs; and support for modeling of interdomain routing policies.
Susan: A New Doppler Radionavigation System

SUSAN is a novel electronic Doppler navigation system which can be used with moving vehicles including aircraft, missiles, satellites, and ships. The system uses a technique of time delays and frequency multiplication to determine the rates of change of the Doppler frequency component present on a signal received from a moving vehicle. From this information the range and velocity of the vehicle can be determined with respect to a transmitting station whose position or ephemeris is known.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow: The Xenon CT Method

In addition to its superb anatomic specificity, cranial computed tomography (CT) can be used to delineate brain function. An analysis of the kinetics of the blood-brain barrier is performed on a daily basis in the CT laboratory by intravenously injecting iodinated contrast material followed by the immediate and delayed performance of CT scanning to define whether there is an abnormal accumulation denoting a brain lesion. It has been suggested that the rapid infusion of iodinated contrast material followed by rapid serially performed CT scans might give us information concerning the cerebral transit time as well as the cerebral blood volume (Ladurner et al. 1976; Axel 1980; Drayer etal. 1979). The results obtained using this dynamic CT technique following iodinated intravenous contrast material infusion have been limited by various factors, including the limited enhancement which is obtained in the brain-capillary bed, alterations in autoregulation, blood pressure, blood volume, and blood flow which occur following the rapid intravenous infusion of iodinated contrast material, the fact that approximately 70% of iodinated contrast material resides in the venules rather than the capillary bed, the decrease in hematocrit which occurs following the infusion of iodinated contrast material, the problems of a dispersed bolus when injecting intravenously rather than rapidly into the carotid artery, the variable corrections necessary for volume calculation to convert cerebral to large vessel hematocrit, and finally quantitative difficulties which occur when there is leakage of contrast material across an abnormally permeable blood-brain barrier (Phelps and Kuhl 1976; Drayer 1981).
Emotions and the communication of intentions in face-to-face diplomacy

Countries often seek to resolve their disputes through negotiations. However, diplomats meeting face to face are under the incentives both to cooperate by revealing one’s preferences and to compete by misrepresenting them. How, then, do they express and assess each other’s intentions? Theories of International Relations that have studied communication in diplomacy — structural realism, rationalism, and the theory of communicative action — offer insufficient answers. To break through, I highlight the communicative function of emotions, leveraging insights from the latest research on negotiations in social and experimental psychology. I argue that when diplomats negotiate, they pay attention not only to what others say, but also to their emotional cues. One’s choice of words, tone of speech, and hand and body gestures carry emotive information that reflects how one appraises a situation. Diplomacy is therefore unique as a conduit between states because it enables practitioners to exchange individual-level expressions of intentions — and, by extension, the intentions of the government they represent — that are otherwise lost, attenuated, or distorted if communications were to occur through other impersonal and irregular channels. To illustrate my argument, I discuss episodes of face-to-face diplomacy during the Fashoda Crisis (1898), July Crisis (1914), Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), and US–Syria negotiations on the Middle East (1991).