cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Scale Method as an Approach for Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra Analysis and Evaluation

Abstract The Scale Method was applied for an analysis of experimental and evaluated data of Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra for different isotopes and incident neutron energies below 6 MeV. It was demonstrated that the method describes all experimental data sets in the outgoing neutron energy range 0–7 MeV within uncertainties. Theoretical arguments were provided to support the application of this method. Some important peculiarities connected with the neutron emission mechanism were identified, and proposals for future theoretical and experimental investigations were discussed. It was concluded that the new evaluations completed recently for 235U systematically overestimate the average energy of experimental prompt fission neutron spectra.
Analysis of Mode III Delamination Fracture Testing Using a Midplane Edge Crack Torsion Specimen

A shear deformation theory is used to analyze the edge crack torsion (ECT) specimen for Mode III interlaminar fracture testing. The theory is based on an assumed displacement field and the principle of virtue work. Mode II interference due to bending-twist coupling in general symmetric laminates is identified. The effects of free-edge delamination on the torsional stiffness and total strain energy release rate of a family of symmetric laminates containing 0, 90, and ′45 layers are studied. Favorable layups for the Mode III interlaminar fracture toughness characterization are recommended. Effective procedures for the determination of minimum torsional stiffness to initiate Mode III delaminations are established.
Impersonal haber and the Road to Copula Function

Haber serves Spanish as its primary existential-presentative form, however it is in the process of acquiring copula functions. By examining the pattern of evidence regarding the behavior of haber with respect to prototypical verbs and copular verbs, I contend that the status of the argument is in the process of being reanalyzed from its original object complement status to subject status. There are three convincing pieces of evidence which suggest that the argument is the subject: 1) haber may not be passivized nor may it take a reflexive/passive clitic; 2) in widespread familiar use of the language, the verb agrees not only in number, but oftentimes in person marking, with its obligatory argument; and 3) the obligatory argument may not take accusative case marking when the referent is human. Additionally, the copula-like function of haber in its periphrastic function, along with its locative reading in its existential sense, affords an analogy with the locative copula. Also, the presentative function that haber carries in Spanish is consonant with that of the ser presentative.
Biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Conservation efforts to maximize biodiversity cannot dwell on past methods and policies. Future biodiversity will involve large human populations, urbanization, and secondary habitats that will require major changes in emphasis, communication, and policy.
Identifying Regional Viscoelastic Properties of the Superficial Muscular Aponeurotic System

BACKGROUND Suspension of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) is generally believed to be necessary in facelift surgery. Although many techniques have been suggested, all rely on the viscoelastic properties of the SMAS. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the viscoelastic properties of bursting strength, stress relaxation, and creep in the lateral, mid-cheek, and medial regions of the SMAS. METHODS The viscoelastic properties of the SMAS were determined in 12 cadaveric hemifaces. Lateral SMAS was classified as the SMAS overlying the parotid gland; mid-cheek SMAS as anterior to the parotid and overlying the masseter muscle; and medial SMAS as including tissue extending medial from the lateral canthus and ending at the nasolabial fold. RESULTS The 3 SMAS regions showed significantly different bursting strengths: 38.9 N for the lateral SMAS, 26.7 N for the mid-cheek SMAS, and 11.9 N for the medial SMAS (P < 0.0001). Stress relaxation was similar in all vertical regions with measurements of 54% in the lateral, 48% in the mid-cheek, and 59% in the medial SMAS. Creep was found to be similar in the lateral and mid-cheek SMAS with values of 18% and 19%, respectively. The medial SMAS was noted to have a higher creep at 22%. CONCLUSIONS The lateral SMAS has a stronger bursting strength than the mid-cheek and medial SMAS. Creep appears to be lower in the lateral and mid-cheek SMAS. Stress relaxation appears to be similar in all 3 vertical regions.
Deep learning evaluation of pelvic radiographs for position, hardware presence, and fracture detection

Abstract Purpose Recent papers have shown the utility of deep learning in detecting hip fractures with pelvic radiographs, but there is a paucity of research utilizing deep learning to detect pelvic and acetabular fractures. Creating deep learning models also requires appropriately labeling x-ray positions and hardware presence. Our purpose is to train and test deep learning models to detect pelvic radiograph position, hardware presence, and pelvic and acetabular fractures in addition to hip fractures. Material and methods Data was retrospectively acquired between 8/2009–6/2019. A subset of the data was split into 4 position labels and 2 hardware labels to create position labeling and hardware detecting models. The remaining data was parsed with these trained models, labeled based on 6 "separate" fracture patterns, and various fracture detecting models were created. A receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the curve (AUC), and other output metrics were evaluated. Results The position and hardware models performed well with AUC of 0.99−1.00. The AUC for proximal femoral fracture detection was as high as 0.95, which was in line with previously published research. Pelvic and acetabular fracture detection performance was as low as 0.70 for the posterior pelvis category and as high as 0.85 for the acetabular category with the "separate" fracture model. Conclusion We successfully created deep learning models that can detect pelvic imaging position, hardware presence, and pelvic and acetabular fractures with AUC loss of only 0.03 for proximal femoral fracture.
Rhodesia and FIFA: racial discrimination, political legitimacy and football, 1960 to 1980

Rhodesia (colonial Zimbabwe) was a member of FIFA from 1965 until its suspension in 1970, playing a single qualifying match against Australia for the 1970 World Cup. Rhodesia was under sanctions as...
High-Throughput Phenotyping of Wheat Canopy Height Using Ultrawideband Radar: First Results

This letter presents an experimental study on the use of ultrawideband (UWB) probing radar as a new type of sensor to efficiently and nondestructively measure plant structure for breeding applications, focusing here on wheat canopy height. Wheat canopy height is an important morphological and developmental phenotype that indicates plant growth and it is related to biomass. Currently, taking manual measurements of canopy height is labor-intensive and has become a bottleneck for genomic selection and breeding programs. Other recently proposed noncontact methods only sense the top of the canopy, thereby having to make assumptions about the elevation of the base of the canopy. We propose the use of UWB radar as a phenotyping sensor for measuring a variety of plant characteristics. A direct measurement of wheat canopy height is investigated with the capability of sensing both the top and the bottom of the canopy simultaneously. To test this idea, we developed a 2-18-GHz frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) radar prototype and a mobile phenotyping platform. The sensor was tested by collecting near-nadir coherent radar measurements of wheat canopies of breeding plots at different growth stages. The performance to detect both the top and bottom of the canopy was examined at different frequency bands.
A Matter of 'Principal': A Critique of the Federal Circuit's Decision in Arthrex V. Smith & Nephew, Inc.

The Supreme Court recently granted certiorari in United States v. Arthrex. In that case, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit held that administrative patent judges are principal officers of the United States under the Appointments Clause, and therefore must be appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. This note provides a critique of the Federal Circuit’s opinion in Arthrex by arguing that the Federal Circuit misunderstood the substance of the three-part test articulated by the Supreme Court in Edmond v. United States.
Early Support for First Semester Freshmen: Peer Mentoring

Early support programs include cohorts, peer mentoring, and other factors to improve the student experience and student retention. Some of these factors are development of cohorts, mentoring approaches, leadership, and the peer mentor process. The combination of these areas set the stage for the first-semester freshmen and will be discussed within this chapter. The first early support factor is the development of cohorts.
District Leadership in Redefining Roles of Instructional Coaches to Guide Professional Learning Communities through Systemic Change

While research suggests that effective implementation of professional learning communities (PLCs) increases student achievement and that effective utilization of instructional coaches (ICs) support...
Regurgitation Hemodynamics Alone Cause Mitral Valve Remodeling Characteristic of Clinical Disease States In Vitro

Mitral valve regurgitation is a challenging clinical condition that is frequent, highly varied, and poorly understood. While the causes of mitral regurgitation are multifactorial, how the hemodynamics of regurgitation impact valve tissue remodeling is an understudied phenomenon. We employed a pseudo-physiological flow loop capable of long-term organ culture to investigate the early progression of remodeling in living mitral valves placed in conditions resembling mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Valve geometry was altered to mimic the hemodynamics of controls (no changes from native geometry), MVP (5 mm displacement of papillary muscles towards the annulus), and FMR (5 mm apical, 5 mm lateral papillary muscle displacement, 65% larger annular area). Flow measurements ensured moderate regurgitant fraction for regurgitation groups. After 1-week culture, valve tissues underwent mechanical and compositional analysis. MVP conditioned tissues were less stiff, weaker, and had elevated collagen III and glycosaminoglycans. FMR conditioned tissues were stiffer, more brittle, less extensible, and had more collagen synthesis, remodeling, and crosslinking related enzymes and proteoglycans, including decorin, matrix metalloproteinase-1, and lysyl oxidase. These models replicate clinical findings of MVP (myxomatous remodeling) and FMR (fibrotic remodeling), indicating that valve cells remodel extracellular matrix in response to altered mechanical homeostasis resulting from disease hemodynamics.
Tryptophanless Death in Bacillus subtilis

A decline in colony-forming ability is observed in actively growing cultures of a tryptophan arginine auxotroph of Bacillus subtilis after removal of tryptophan (tryptophanless death). This phenomenon can be prevented by simultaneous starvation of the other required amino acid or by chloramphenicol administered in bacteriostatic concentration but not by actinomycin. Addition of tryptophan analogues not only prevents the death but also allows recovery of the cells that have lost the ability to form colonies on solid media. The term tryptophanless death is therefore inappropriate. Chloramphenicol but not actinomycin inhibits the recovery brought about by tryptophan analogues.
A Medical Decision Aid Based on a Neural Network Model

Development of neural networks was one of the early topics of investigation in artificial intelligence in the 1950's. Research in this area lay dormant for a number of reasons, including the discovery that the single-layer perceptron-type networks could not represent some basic logical operations. Also, the state of computer hardware at that time could not accommodate neural networks of useful dimensions. In the 1980's interest in neural networks has increased enormously, due to advance in computer hardware and in theoretical developments which overcame shortcomings of the original perceptron model. In this paper, a neural network learning algorithm is described in the context of the development of a decision making aid. The model can accommodate a variety of data types. The approach is illustrated in a specific example in medical decision making.
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction controlled growth of ZnSe(Zn,Mn)Se quantum well structures

Abstract Reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillations have been used to control the shutter operation during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of (Zn,Mn)Se ZnSe quantum well structures. Based on the correlation between layer thickness and shift between shutter operation and RHEED intensity oscillation phase reproducible growth of sophisticated multilayer structures has become possible with monolayer thickness accuracy. An empirical expression has been found relating the mixed crystal composition to the ratio of the RHEED intensity oscillation periods characteristic for the growth of either ZnSe or the mixed crystal layer. Based on a deeper understanding of how growth and surface smoothing during growth interruptions proceed, high-quality multi-quantum well structures have been grown with atomically flat interfaces and one-monolayer accuracy in thickness. This is confirmed by magneto-optical investigations of such structures.
The Effect of Repetition Rate on Air-Conducted Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMPs)

Purpose Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) are used to describe utricular/superior vestibular nerve function; however, optimal recording parameters have not been fully establishe...
Room-temperature single-photon generation from solitary dopants of carbon nanotubes

The incorporation of carbon nanotubes in a silica matrix produces oxygen dopant states that can emit single photons at room temperature and at wavelengths relevant for applications in telecommunications. On-demand single-photon sources capable of operating at room temperature and the telecom wavelength range of 1,300–1,500 nm hold the key to the realization of novel technologies that span from sub-diffraction imaging to quantum key distribution and photonic quantum information processing1,2,3. Here, we show that incorporation of undoped (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes into a SiO2 matrix can lead to the creation of solitary oxygen dopant states capable of fluctuation-free, room-temperature single-photon emission in the 1,100–1,300 nm wavelength range. We investigated the effects of temperature on photoluminescence emission efficiencies, fluctuations and decay dynamics of the dopant states and determined the conditions most suitable for the observation of single-photon emission. This emission can in principle be extended to 1,500 nm by doping of smaller-bandgap single-walled carbon nanotubes4,5. This easy tunability presents a distinct advantage over existing defect centre single-photon emitters (for example, diamond defect centres)1,2,3,6. Our SiO2-encapsulated sample also presents exciting opportunities to apply Si/SiO2-based micro/nano-device fabrication techniques in the development of electrically driven single-photon sources and integration of these sources into quantum photonic devices and networks.
Google Scholar Metrics for Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the software and content features of the Google Scholar Metrics (GSM) service launched in April 2012.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews GSM, examining the software, browsing, searching and sorting functions, citation matching and content.Findings – The paper reveals that the service can offer a better alternative than the traditional Google Scholar service to discover and judge the standing of journals through the prism of their citedness. GSM could become a potentially useful complementary resource primarily by virtue of its brand recognition, and the convenience of not requiring the installation of additional software, but currently its bibliometric indicators are often inappropriate for decision making in matters of tenure, promotion, grants and accreditation.Originality/value – The paper provides a good understanding of the GSM service.
Agriculture, Foraging and Wildlife Resource Use in Africa: Cultural and Political Dynamics in the Zambezi Valley

Agriculture, Foraging and Wildlife Resource Use in Africa: Cultural and Political Dynamics in the Zambezi Valley Richard Hasler. London: Kegan Paul, 1996.
The characteristics and consequences of folate depletion in hepatoma cells in vitro by inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase

Growth of rat hepatoma cells in subtoxic concentrations of the DHFR inhibitor metoprine caused a marked time and concentration dependent reduction in cellular folates. As much as 75% total cellular folates can be lost without impairing growth. Increasing the concentration of metoprine into a range that causes inhibition of growth results in no further reduction in cellular folates. This effect is presumably mediated through inhibition of DHFR and several mechanisms are discussed which may account for these results. Cells grown in medium in which the concentration of folate is changed from 4 microM to 20 nM had intracellular folate levels that were reduced 85%. This is nearly the same reduction caused by treating cells grown in normal medium (4 microM folate) with continuous, subtoxic levels of metoprine. The reduction in cellular folates caused by growth in nM folic acid caused enhanced growth inhibitory activity of several antifolates. On a concentration basis metoprine was 12-fold more active under these conditions, PDDF was 37-fold more active and DDATHF was 44-fold more active. The reason for the enhanced sensitivity to PDDF and DDATHF may also be analogous to the reason for their synergism with the low concentration of metoprine and trimetrexate (12).
Europe: The quiet superpower

This article challenges the conventional view that Europe's global influence is declining. Since 1989 realists have predicted Europe's demise, as well as greater intra-European and transatlantic conflict. The reverse has occurred. This outcome suggests the superior predictive power of liberal international relations theory, which stresses the importance of the varied national interests of states, reflecting specific social coalitions, patterns of global interdependence and domestic institutions. According to a liberal analysis, Europe is and will foreseeably remain the only superpower besides the United States in a bipolar world – and its relative power is rising. Europe is the world's pre-eminent civilian power, and its second military power, far more influential than China or India. None of this is likely to change much, because Europe's influence rests on stable factors such as high per capita income, long-term institutional advantages and convergence of underlying national interests between European countries and other great powers, notably the United States.
At-column dilution for improved loading in preparative chromatography

Maximizing column loadability is an important part of preparative chromatography, since both the cost of the equipment and the cost of the operation increase with the size of the column. We have studied the parameters that determine column loadability. In this publication, we describe the influence that the choice of the sample solvent and the nature of the sample have on loadability. If the sample is injected onto the column in the classical way, overload effects result from the choice of conditions that favor a high solubility of the sample. We then demonstrate how a sample introduction technique called at-column dilution circumvents the difficulties associated with the limited solubility of samples under the preferred conditions of preparative chromatography. The technique is discussed in detail.
Acoustic-perceptual correlates of voice quality in elderly men and women

Abstract Common perceptual characteristics of the elderly voice include hoarseness, breathiness, instability, and a change in the pitch of the voice. Although research is available concerning changes in the elderly voice, little research has been completed to examine the relationship between the perception of voice quality and acoustic measures. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between perceived breathiness and hoarseness and selected acoustic variables. The results of the study revealed significant age-related differences in fundamental frequency standard deviation, amplitude perturbation quotient, and noise-to-harmonic ratio. No significant difference in perceived hoarseness was found between the young and elderly speakers. However, the young women were perceived as significantly more breathy than the elderly women. Moderate correlations were found between the perceptions of hoarseness and breathiness and the acoustic measures. These findings are discussed relative to age-related laryngeal changes that may contribute to the perception of aging. Learning outcomes (1) To understand the perceptual attributes of the aging voice in men and women. (2) To understand the relation between the perception of voice quality and acoustic measures of voice production in the aging voice.
The Clergy Sex Abuse Crisis and the Mourning of American Catholic Innocence

The passionate response of many American Catholics to the clergy sex abuse crisis is an expression not only of legitimate anger over the sexual abuse of children and young people by Roman Catholic priests but also of resistance to mourning the significant losses post-immigrant American Catholics sustained in the last third of the twentieth century.
Non-linear mechanical behaviour of oriented polypropylene

Abstract The paper is concerned with the study of isothermal extensional deformations of an oriented polypropylene monofilament under time-dependent loading. The monofilament has been subjected to various loading programmes, each containing a number of loading steps. It is found that the monofilament exhibits non-linear memory dependent behaviour. The question of mathematical representation of the observed non-linear behaviour is considered. It is assumed that the elongation at a given time is a non-linear functional of the stress-rate history to which the filament has been subjected prior to this instance. It is then shown that the experimental results can be represented, with reasonable accuracy, by approximating this functional by the sum of a linear and third order hereditary functional. It is seen that the loading programmes employed in the study provide substantial information for the construction of the kernels defining the two functionals.
Behavior of Extended End-Plate Moment Connections Subject to Cyclic Loading

Extended end-plate moment connections are one alternative to fully welded connections that has been considered for use in seismic force resisting moment frames. As a part of the SAC Steel Project, a research program to investigate the behavior and design of extended end-plate moment connections under cyclic loading was conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Six bare steel beam-to-column connection specimens and one composite slab beam-to-column connection specimen were tested. An overview of the design, fabrication, and testing of the specimens is presented. The test results show that extended end-plate moment connections can be designed to provide the strength, stiffness, and ductility required for use in seismic force resisting moment frames. The effects of the composite slab are discussed, and it is recommended that the effects of the slab be considered in the design of beam-to-column extended end-plate moment connections.
Mode of failure in structural adhesive bonds

This paper attempts to prove the possibility of adhesive failure by preferential adsorption and adhesive displacement at the adherend surface. Data are presented to demonstrate different modes of failure that are possible after initial cohesive failure.
Medical Data Fusion for Telemedicine

In this article, we describe a framework for distributed statistical analysis of medical images that operates under minimal bandwidth requirements. This framework implements a distributed dynamic recursive partitioning algorithm for medical image analysis that integrates medical image data repositories that contain multiple studies and are potentially located at spatially distributed clinical sites. The goal is to detect associations among regions of interest (ROIs) in images and clinical properties such as the progression of a disease. Statistical descriptors are computed from the ROIs in order to assist in medical decision making by facilitating automatic characterization, classification, and similarity searches of ROIs (e.g., lesions, tumors, and regions of morphological variability). The system consists of a central information fusion site that coordinates the analysis by communicating with remotely located processing sites. The described system has the advantage of keeping bandwidth requirements to a minimum by reducing the amount of data that need to be transferred, while medical decision making is not affected by the data reduction. This benefit makes the proposed distributed medical image analysis framework very suitable for deploying effective telemedical applications.
Trypanosoma musculi infections in complement-deficient mice

Abstract Strains of mice (CFW, C57B1/10Sn, B10.D2/nSn, and B10.D2/oSn) were infected with Trypanosoma musculi ( Trypanosoma duttoni ). The complement-deficient B10.D2/oSn mice showed typical parasitemias similar to those presented by the strains possessing hemolytic complement activity. Peak parasitemias occurred 12 days postinoculation. The highest parasitemias were measured in CFW mice (657 ± 82 T. musculi /30 hi-power fields), while infections in C56BL/10Sn (528 ±44 T. musculi /30 h.p.f.), B10.D2/oSn (502 ± 20 T. musculi /30 h.p.f.) and B10.D2/nSn (512 ± 35 T. musculi /30 h.p.f.) were less severe and quantitatively comparable. The percentages of dividing forms were similar during infections in each of the strains. While parasites were detected in peripheral blood until Day 22 of infection in three of 10 C57BL/10Sn mice, none could be found at this time in blood films of CFW, B10.D2/nSn or B10.D2/oSn mice. Giemsa stained kidney imprints indicated the presence of parasites in animals of each of the strains after 33 days, when trypanosomes could no longer be detected in the peripheral blood of the mice. The minor variations in the parasitemias appeared related to the mouse strain. Complement dependent, antibody mediated immune cytolysis was not indicated as a mechanism for the elimination of T. musculi by the infected mouse.
The metabolic clearance rate of progesterone in the pregnant rhesus monkey.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of progesterone was estimated by a single injection technique utilizing [4-14C]progesterone. Intact rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatto) were studied on days 22, 48, 100 and 155 of gestation and during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Animals unilaterally ovariectomized prior to the fertile cycle were also examined on days 22 and 48 of pregnancy. The disappearance of [14C]progesterone from the circulation consisted of 2 components, an initial phase during which the steroid disappeared rapidly from the circulation, t½(AA), followed by a slower rate of disappearance, T½(BA)- While t½(AA) in intact monkeys did not change during gestation, t½(BA) rose from 17.2 min (day 22) to 29.6 min (day 48), but by day 100 had declined to 15.3 min with no subsequent change throughout the remainder of pregnancy. The absolute MCR of progesterone (1 whole blood/day) in these animals did not vary during pregnancy, but when calculated on the basis of body weight, MCR declined steadily ...
Diapause in the parasite Diolcogaster facetosa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The critical photoperiod for diapause induction was determined in the laboratory and validated in the field for Diolcogaster facetosa (Weed), a parasite of the green cloverworm. In the laboratory at constant 24°C, as well as in the field under natural conditions, the critical photoperiod for diapause induction is between 13:11 and 14:10 (L:D). Second instars are sensitive to diapause-inducing photoperiods, and diapause occurs in the final instar after it has emerged from the host and spun a cocoon. Study of diapausing individuals from the field during autumn and winter indicated that photoperiod has only a minor role, if any, in diapause maintenance or termination. The date of diapause termination was not determined, but the combination of diapause development and postdiapause development had not been completed in the field by the spring equinox.
Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Nephrectomy Compared with Conventional Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies

Abstract Context Laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery has increasingly been used to perform radical, partial, simple, or donor nephrectomy to reduce the morbidity and scarring associated with surgical intervention. Studies comparing LESS nephrectomy (LESS-N) and conventional laparoscopic nephrectomy (CL-N) have reported conflicting results. Objective To assess the current evidence regarding the efficiency, safety, and potential advantages of LESS-N compared with CL-N. Evidence acquisition We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library and performed a systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective comparative studies assessing the two techniques. Evidence synthesis Two RCTs and 25 retrospective studies including a total of 1094 cases were identified. Although LESS-N was associated with a longer operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 9.87min; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.37–16.38; p =0.003) and a higher conversion rate (6% compared with 0.3%; odds ratio: 4.83; 95% CI, 1.87–12.45; p =0.001), patients in this group might benefit from less postoperative pain (WMD: −0.48; 95% CI, −0.95 to −0.02; p =0.04), lower analgesic requirement (WMD: −4.78mg; 95% CI, −8.59 to −0.97; p =0.01), shorter hospital stay (WMD: −0.32 d; 95% CI, −0.55 to −0.09; p =0.007), shorter recovery time (WMD: −5.08 d; 95% CI, −8.49 to −1.68; p =0.003), and better cosmetic outcome (WMD: 1.07; 95% CI, 0.67–1.48; p Conclusions LESS-N offers a safe and efficient alternative to CL-N with less pain, shorter recovery time, and better cosmetic outcome. Given the inherent limitations of the included studies, future well-designed RCTs are awaited to confirm and update the findings of this analysis.
Boston Public as Public Pedagogy: Implications for Teacher Preparation and School Leadership

Abstract The media play a major role in the construction of popular cultural “texts,” such as films and television programs. These media forms are conceptualized as “public pedagogies”—i.e., as texts that have great potential to teach the public about a wide range of educational issues. This article focuses attention on the representation of teachers and principals in the popular television series Boston Public. Specifically, the authors provide two complimentary accounts of how the representations of teachers and principals can be engaged through critical analyses or “readings.” One account develops a deconstructive reading of how Boston Public treats teacher preparation, teacher competence, and principal leadership. The second account examines how preservice teachers were engaged in multiple readings of the program. The article concludes by suggesting that analyzing popular representations of teachers and educational leaders in film and television can become one important strategy, among others, for dev...
Mode of action of calcium antagonists which alter anthracycline resistance.

Abstract In transplantable tumor cell lines, a common mode of resistance to several natural products, including the anthracyclines, the Vinca alkaloids and actinomycin D, involves an outward transport process which limits drug accumulation to sub-lethal levels (1–5). This transport system can be inhibited, and drug responsiveness promoted, by calcium antagonists of two structural classes: papaverine analogs, e.g. verapamil, and dihydropyrimidines, e.g. nitrendipine (6–9). This report describes studies on the two classes of calcium antagonists named above. The data indicate that verapamil is a substrate for the outward transport system and promotes anthracycline accumulation via competition for exodus. Nitrendipine is not a substrate for this outward transport system and may act via a ‘chaotropic’ mechanism.
Budget Mapping: Increasing Citizen Understanding of Government via Interactive Design

New web technologies have the potential to make the promises of e-government a reality. Displaying data in a manner that is easy for average citizens to understand increases comprehension and engagement significantly. Specifically, this paper examines how the display of municipal budget data via web mapping technology allows citizens to visualize how the budget affects their lives and neighborhood. In this study, citizens accessing municipal capital budget data via the budget mapping tool exhibited a higher comprehension of the budget and interest in interacting with city council members about the budget than citizens using current resources available on the city website.
INITIAL ANAEROBIC BIOFILM DEVELOPMENT

The initial rate of methanogen accumulation and anaerobic biofilm accumulation increased with increasing bulk liquid organic space loading and volatile suspended solids concentration. The rates were faster at a 15 day bulk liquid SRT than 5 day SRT. The results indicate that a reduction in start-up time for anaerobic fixed film reactors might be achieved by maintaining high organic space loadings and high concentrations of active microorganisms in the bulk liquid phase during the start-up period.
Site specific regulation in the kidney of endothelin and its receptor subtypes by cyclosporine.

Site selective regulation in the kidney of endothelin and its receptor subtypes by cyclosporine. Endothelin (Et) has been suggested by us and others to play a role in glomerular dysfunction that characterizes cyclosporine (Cs)-associated nephrotoxicity. Since Et exerts its actions through at least two receptor subtypes, and because these receptor subtypes have particular distributions in the renal parenchyma, we investigated changes in mRNA expression for Et and its receptor subtypes in glomeruli and medulla of rats treated with Cs. Polymerase chain reaction coupled with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) method was used to assess prepro-Et-1, type A (EtA) and type B (EtB) receptor mRNA at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours after Cs (20 mg/kg body wt i.v.). Results were normalized to the expression of β-actin as an internal standard. Compared with control rats, glomerular mRNA expression for prepro-Et-1 was not affected by Cs. Similarly, Cs did not significantly change the glomerular mRNA expression of either EtA or EtB receptor subtypes. By contrast, in the medulla there was a marked and persistent increase in the expression for prepro-Et-1 and the EtB receptor subtype: prepro-Et-1 at 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours was 336 ± 61, 295 ± 65, 339 ± 73,440 ± 123% of controls, respectively (P in vivo , Cs selectively modulates renal mRNA expression for Et peptide and one of its receptor subtypes. Furthermore, the modulation is site specific. These changes are most conspicuous in the renal medulla, such that mRNA expression for prepro-Et-1 and EtB increases and remains elevated for at least six hours after Cs administration. These alterations may contribute to the vasospastic as well as proliferative abnormalities which characterize Cs nephrotoxicity.
Binding Sites for Abundant Nuclear Factors Modulate RNA Polymerase I-dependent Enhancer Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The 190-base pair (bp) rDNA enhancer within the intergenic spacer sequences of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rRNA cistrons activates synthesis of the S-rRNA precursor about 20-fold in vivo (Mestel, R., Yip, M., Holland, J. P., Wang, E., Kang, J., and Holland, M. J.(1989) Mol. Cell. Biol. 9, 1243-1254). We now report identification and analysis of transcriptional activities mediated by three cis-acting sites within a 90-bp portion of the rDNA enhancer designated the modulator region. In vivo, these sequences mediated termination of transcription by RNA polymerase I and potentiated the activity of the rDNA enhancer element. Two trans-acting factors, REB1 and REB2, bind independently to sites within the modulator region (Morrow, B. E., Johnson, S. P., and Warner, J. R. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 9061-9068). We show that REB2 is identical to the ABF1 protein. Site-directed mutagenesis of REB1 and ABF1 binding sites demonstrated uncoupling of RNA polymerase I-dependent termination from transcriptional activation in vivo. We conclude that REB1 and ABF1 are required for RNA polymerase I-dependent termination and enhancer function, respectively. Since REB1 and ABF1 proteins also regulate expression of class II genes and other nuclear functions, our results suggest further similarities between RNA polymerase I and II regulatory mechanisms. Two rDNA enhancers flanking a rDNA minigene stimulated RNA polymerase I transcription in a “multiplicative” fashion. Deletion mapping analysis showed that similar cis-acting sequences were required for enhancer function when positioned upstream or downstream from a rDNA minigene.
IB-11PSEUDO-PROGRESSION (PsdPg) IS A HARBINGER OF A MORE EFFECTIVE ANTI-TUMOR RESPONSE

BACKGROUND: PsdPg is the increased contrast enhancement, high choline/creatine ratio and increased perfusion observed in the residual tumor bed of high-grade glioma patients after completion of temozolomide/radiation. It resolves within 3-6 months and incidence ranges from 10 - 31%. Though correlated with longer patient survival, its pathological basis is unclear. We used a cytokine/chemokine focused approach to compare the tumor microenvironment in pre- and post-treatment tumor tissue from patients with PsdPg to patients with true progression (TP). METHODS: We obtained pre-treatment formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue from 35 GBM patients and post-treatment FFPE tissue from five patients with PsdPg and TP. A quantitative PCR array and custom Quantigene 2.0 multiplex was used to quantify gene expression corresponding to major cytokines/chemokines. An 18-gene signature was used to determine the macrophage polarization score (cumulative M2-associated cytokine expression - cumulative M1-associated cytokine expression). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to confirm significantly different targets at the protein level. RESULTS: IHC revealed 7-fold higher B-cell infiltration in TP patients as compared to patients with PsdPg (p = 0.003). Macrophage and T-cell infiltration were not significantly different between the two groups. Nevertheless, the cytokines associated with macrophage polarization indicated pro-tumorigenic (M2) polarization in TP patients while PsdPg patients exhibited classical anti-tumorigenic (M1) polarization. TP patients had a 10-fold higher M2 score (p = 0.03) compared to PsdPg patients. The M1 score of tissue from PsdPg patients post-treatment was 25-fold higher than their pre-treatment tissue (p = 0.01). Analysis of a 7-gene signature associated with natural killer (NK) cell recruitment and activation showed a 8-fold higher expression in pre-treatment tissue from PsdPg patients compared to TP patients (p = 0.009) suggesting that NK cells, which are mediators of anti-tumor immunity, play an important role in pseudo-progression. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a more effective anti-tumor immune response in PsdPg patients, which may explain their longer overall survival.
2153 – Changing family structure and mental health services in the united states

There has been a sea change in the United States, for example, in the last 30-40 years in family integrity and support. The classical dyadic marital relationship for life has largely disappeared. In olden days, there used to a husband and a wife, wedded for most of adult life, and the resultant children, all full siblings. It has given way to what has been described as serial monogamy. In addition, there has been a large-scale increase in living together without marriage. Children can be full siblings, half-siblings and step-siblings. It is often difficult to keep track of them, even for the persons concerned. It creates major strains for children. “Your children and my children are beating our children.” At the same time, the U.S. suffers from a continuing problem in providing for health care services, often hotly debated. About 15% of the total population does not have any health insurance and lacks the resources to meet health care costs. It is much higher for minorities and the poor. More importantly, as much as about 30% of the mentally ill lack it. As opposed to many other countries, the U.S. does not have a state-supported universal health care coverage. A major problem in outpatient services in mental health centres is to arrange medication for the patients. Many third world countries are toying with the idea of private health insurance. The U.S. experience is a lesson for them, to be seriously considered.
Comprehensive Measurement in Whole-Body Vibration:

Accurate measurements of human response to whole-body vibration are essential to any conclusions about the health risks, discomfort, and assessment of suspension systems in vibration environments. While accelerometers are traditionally considered the main measurement tools in whole-body vibration studies, their measurements become questionable when they are attached to inclined surfaces or when the motion has coupled components in multiple directions. Current measurement correction methodologies are subjective and limited to simple cases. A comprehensive correction methodology using inertial sensors was used in this work to quantify human response under single fore-aft, single-vertical, and multiple-axis whole-body vibration of twelve seated subjects with supported-backrest and unsupported-backrest upright posture. Vibration files of white noise random signals with frequency content of 0.5-12 Hz and vibration magnitude of 1.8 m/s2 RMS were used in the testing. The results have shown considerable differenc...
Mercury Concentrations in Dated Varved Marine Sediments collected off Southern California

ANNOUNCEMENTS that mercury concentrations often exceed recommended limits in some oceanic fishes, such as swordfish and tuna, have suggested the possibility that man has polluted the ocean with mercury on a massive scale1. Although there are examples of localized mercury pollution of certain fresh and coastal waters2–4, there are few data on historical levels of this metal in the marine environment distant from specific inputs such as wastewater outfalls. Here we report the concentrations of mercury observed in dated varved sediment layers from the Santa Barbara Basin covering the past 150 yr, as well as in two layers estimated to have been deposited approximately 1,500 yr BP. This basin is approximately 100 mile northwest of Los Angeles, and is sufficiently removed from densely populated areas to be protected from the concentrated effects of localized pollutant inputs. The record investigated includes layers deposited before the beginning of the California mining activity in 1849. Thus, it has been possible to compare near surface sediment concentrations of mercury with those observed in layers deposited before man could have released significant amounts of mercury directly into the California Current.
Kinetics of formation of the 4,4′-bis-dimethylaminodiphenyl carbonium ion (BDC+) and its reaction with sulfhydryl residues☆

Abstract The use of 4,4′-bis-dimethylaminodiphenylcarbinol (BDC-OH) as an analytical reagent for sulfhydryl residues and as a specific chemical modification reagent for proteins is dependent upon the unique properties of the BDC + cation present in aqueous buffers below a pH of 6.5. In the presence of aqueous buffers, pH 5.1, BDC + exhibits a λ max of 606 nm with an apparent molar absorption coefficient of 10,000 m −1 cm −1 . Upon the addition of 4 m guanidine hydrochloride this apparent coefficient is enhanced to 70,800 m −1 cm −1 . The true molar extinction coefficient for BDC + was determined to be 128,000 m −1 cm −1 . The reaction of BDC + with sulfhydryl residues of proteins or simple thiols is rapid and leads to a complex devoid of visible color. In the pH range 3.0–7.0, a complex equilibrium is established among the three species BDC-OH, BDC + , BDCH ++ . The formation of this equilibrium is proton mediated, and is discussed in terms of the equilibrium, rate, and acid dissociation constants.
Cytochemical studies on the behaviour of thiamine pyrophosphatase, NADH 2-tetrazolium reductase and acid phosphatase in the cerebellum of rabbits chronically poisoned with manganese.

The subject of these studies was the cerebellum of rabbits chronically poisoned with manganese. The following enzymes were investigated: Thiamine pyrophosphatase, Acid Phosphatase and NADH2-tetrazolium reductase. The authors observed the increase of acid phosphatase activity and the decrease of TPP-ase and NADH2-tetrazolium reductase activity in the cerebellum of experimental animals. Basing on the obtained results the authors suppose, that the manganese, administrated chronically, causes the disturbances in the function of the Golgi Zone and in the oxidation in the neurons of experimental animals. The increase of acid phosphatase activity with the parallel diffusion in the neurons indicates the damage of lyscsomal membranes or the increase of pinocytosis.
A boundary sedimentation velocity method for determining nonspecific nucleic acid-protein interaction binding parameters

An absolute method for measuring affinity constants and binding site sizes for the non-sequence-specific binding of protein to single- or double-stranded polynucleotide chains is described, based on the difference in the rate of sedimentation of free protein and the protein-nucleic acid complexes. In the form outlined, the technique can measure binding constants ranging from 103 to 106m−1; methods for extending the range of measurable binding constants are also described. Data obtained for the noncooperative binding of ribonuclease to DNA are presented as fully worked-out examples of the method, and the extension of this approach to other noncooperative and cooperative protein-nucleic acid binding systems is discussed.
Calculation of the Optical Constants for the Potassium Halides from Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Energy Bands

KKR energy bands are used to calculate joint densities of states for KCl, KBr, and KI between conduction states and valence and core states by means of a simple interpolation scheme. The results are discussed and compared with experimental spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet and soft-x-ray regions. An overall agreement between theory and experiment is found which suggests that strong exciton effects are present in excitations from $p$-like valence bands, but not from $d$ bands.
Liberal exceptions: violent racism and routine anti-racist failure in Britain

This essay examines the imbrication of violent white racism and institutional racism as a relatively permanent contradiction in British liberal governance.‪‪ Utilizing fieldwork in East London, I ethnographically discuss how police and local municipal anti-racist failures are produced through tacit racial logics inherent within professional proceduralism and policymaking. Furthermore, the deployment of discourses that re-embed black and minority ethnic people as ambiguous rights-bearing and claim-making subjects implicitly codifies racial order and a white-centric state formation in contemporary Britain. Liberal racialized exceptions to justice are contingent on reproducing British whiteness as emergent from social processes of dis-identification with black suffering and longue duree struggles against racism.