cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foam fractionation of the ferric oxide‐dodecyl sodium sulphate system

An experimental investigation is presented of the batch foam fractionation-flotation of a positively-charged colloid-anionic surfactant system, to determine the feasibility of the process for the removal of trivalent iron from water supplies. Ferric oxide (trivalent iron) initial concentrations are varied from 17.5 to 219 mg./l., dodecyl sodium sulphate initial concentrations from 10 to 30 mg./l., and nitrogen rates from 600 to 8000 ml./min. Excellent separations of both ferric oxide and DSS are obtained with residual iron concentrations as low as 0.003-0.031 of initial concentrations around 25 mg./l., depending on the intital concentration of DSS. The residual DSS concentration remains virtually constant. The ferric oxide enrichment ratio is an inverse power function of the initial iron concentration and is maximized at minimum gas rate. On presente une etude experimentale de la separation discontinue par flottage d'un Systeme comportant un agent tensioactif anionique et un colloide charge positivement en vue de determiner la possibilite d'eliminer le fer trivalent des eaux d'approvisionnement par un tel procede. Les concentrations initiales d'oxyde ferrique furent variees entre 17.5 et 219 mg./li. et celles du sulfate de dodecyle sodique entre 10 et 30 mg./li. Le taux d'ecoulement d'azote fut aussi varie entre les limites 600 et 8000 ml./min. D'excellentes separations sont obtenues aussi bien pour l'oxyde ferrique que pour le sulfate de dodecyle sodique. Les concentrations residuelles de fer sont de l'ordre de 0.003 a 0.031 de la concentration initiale vers 25 mg./li selon la concentration initiale de sulfate de dodecyle sodique. La concentration residuelle de ce dernier demeure virtuellement constante. L'enrichissment en oxyde ferrique est une fonction inverse exponentielle de la concentration initiale en fer et devient maximum pour un taux d'ecoulement de gaz minimum.
Does natural deposition of pine pollen affect the ovipositional behavior of Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella fusca

Tree pollen, especially Pinus spp. (Pinaceae), is shed in large quantities every spring in North America. Pine pollen deposition onto leaves was found to significantly influence the ovipositional behaviors of certain thrips species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in peanut and tomato leaf choice and no-choice tests. Pine pollen (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) increased the oviposition rate 2.9-fold for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (western flower thrips) and 1.6-fold for Frankliniella fusca (Hinds) (tobacco thrips) in choice tests averaged over both plant species. These results support the idea that pollen has a greater impact on F. occidentalis behavior than on F. fusca behavior. The most dramatic increase was in peanut, where F. occidentalis only oviposited on leaves dusted with pollen, suggesting that the addition of pollen stimulated this flower thrips to lay eggs on a poor host-plant part. The impact of pollen on the rate of oviposition by thrips is important because it is the early-instar nymphs that acquire tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), which these two thrips species vector. In a laboratory bioassay, the addition of pine pollen to TSWV-infected peanut foliage increased the percentage of infected F. fusca after one generation.
Integrating telematics data into CALL packages

Abstract This paper demonstrates and discusses some ways of processing data retrieved from telematics sources in order to integrate it into existing CALL software packages. The telematics sources have been the Associated Press News for English and the German Bildschirmtext for German, both available on the French Minitel system. The software used included a concordancer and three well-known authoring packages. This way of processing data presents three advantages: the data is authentic, it is topical and the whole process can to a large extent be automatized. However, experience also shows that very few language teachers have the necessary skills and/or willingness to invest in the use of the end-product with their students, even if this is presented to them in its finished, ready-to-use format. They are even more reluctant to produce their own material using the techniques described here.
Effects of chronic phencyclidine on fixed-ratio responding: No relation to neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat cerebral cortex

Abstract The effects of chronic phencyclidine (3.2 mg/kg for 25 days) on responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food presentation were studied in rats. Initially phencyclidine produced large decreases in the overall rate of responding. This decrease was due primarily to long pauses in responding and secondarily to a decrease in local rates of responding. Although tolerance developed to the rate-decreasing effects of phencyclidine in each subject, the extent and pattern of its development differed among the subjects. After the chronic drug regimen, the rats were sacrificed. Ligand binding to muscarinic cholinergic, opiate, adrenergic, and serotonergic receptors in cortex was then compared to that in rats which received saline with operant training, phencyclidine alone, or saline alone. Neither operant behavior alone, phencyclidine alone, nor the interaction of phencyclidine and operant behavior was found to alter binding to these receptors. The results indicate that behavioral tolerance develops to phencyclidine, but it is not accompanied by changes in binding to the receptors studied.
A 16-mW 78-dB SNDR 10-MHz BW CT $\Delta \Sigma$ ADC Using Residue-Cancelling VCO-Based Quantizer

This paper presents a continuous-time (CT) ΔΣ modulator using a VCO-based internal quantizer. It incorporates a nonlinear VCO as the second stage in a two-stage residue canceling quantizer (RCQ) and mitigates the impact of its nonlinearity by spanning only a small region of the VCO's V-to-F nonlinear tuning curve. The order of noise shaping is increased by placing the RCQ in a continuous-time ΔΣ loop. Using only a first order loop filter, the proposed ΔΣ modulator achieves second order noise shaping. Fabricated in a 90-nm CMOS process, the prototype modulator occupies an active area of 0.36 mm2 and consumes 16 mW power. It achieves a peak SNDR of 78.3 dB in 10-MHz bandwidth and an SFDR of better than 85 dB when clocked at 600 MHz. The figure of merit of the modulator is 120 fJ/conv-step.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF WHEAT MUFFINS WITH DRIED DISTILLERS GRAIN FLOUR

The use of dried distillers grain (DDG) flour as an ingredient for preparing wheat muffins was investigated. DDG can be incorporated up to 10% in wheat muffins without significant changes in appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptability. Addition of either raisins or blueberries to wheat muffins allowed for an increase in the incorporation level of DDG to 15%. Wheat muffins supplemented with DDG had a higher protein, amino acids, and certain minerals content than wheat muffins without DDG.
SU-GG-T-87: Variable Beam Dose Rate and DMLC IMRT to Moving Body Anatomy

Purpose: To introduce new method of delivery of DMLC IMRT therapy to moving body anatomy. The shaping of intensity maps over moving target and healthy tissue is achieved through simultaneous control of leaf motions and beam dose rates. Method and Materials: Formulas relating leaf speeds and beam dose rates for delivering planned intensity profiles to static and moving targets in DMLC IMRT are derived and tested for multiple intensity maps and multiple target motion patterns. The analysis of equations that define algorithms for DMLC IMRTdelivery under variable beam dose rate reveals multitude of delivery strategies. A specific sub‐class of strategies is distinguished that is suitable for clinical applications. This equivalent class of deliveries is notable for the condition of invariant, in target frame of reference, motion of leaves provided they are defined as functions of cumulative number of monitor units and not functions of time. This special subclass of equivalent DMLC IMRTdelivery strategies to moving body anatomy generalizes existing techniques of Varian DMLC IMRT irradiation methodology to static body anatomy.Results: We illustrate first how new algorithms work for DMLC IMRTdeliveries to static targets. Then we show how newly derived algorithms deliver intensity maps to moving targets when variable beam dose rates are applied. Later we present an example of how new deliveries work in case when they are adapted in real time, when random motion of the target is registered at treatment. Finally, we show how variable beam dose rate can be used to improve dose distributions in IMRT therapy to moving body anatomy relative to optimized dose distributions achievable with IMRT to static targets. Conclusion: The DMLC IMRT utilizing variable beam dose rate allows improving radiation therapy of moving body anatomy.
Optimal Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes

In the United States, more than a million people are hospitalized annually with unstable angina or myocardial infarction without ST-segment elevation, so-called acute coronary syndromes. For these patients, several treatments have proved to be effective in reducing the incidence of death, infarction or reinfarction, and recurrent ischemia. These treatments include intensive medical therapy and coronary angiography followed by revascularization, if indicated.1,2 Given the sheer number of medical interventions that are now available for these conditions, knowing which therapy to administer and when to do so is confusing for many physicians. The studies by Giugliano et al.3 and Mehta et . . .
Development of a headspace gas chromatographic test for the quantification of 1- and 2-bromopropane in human urine

Abstract A test procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of 1- and 2-bromopropane in human urine. 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is a commonly used industrial solvent, and 2-bromopropane (2-BP) is often found as an impurity component in industrial grade 1-BP. Both compounds are a health concern for exposed workers due to their chronic toxicity. Bromopropanes have been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Sample preparation consisted of diluting urine with water and fortification with 1-bromobutane (1-BB), which was used as an internal standard; then each sample was sealed in a headspace vial. A static-headspace sampler (Teledyne-Tekmar Model 7000) was used to heat each sample at 75 °C for a 35-min equilibrium time. Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD) and a dimethylpolysiloxane (DB-1) capillary column. A recovery study using fortified urine samples at multiple concentrations (0.5–8 μg/ml) demonstrated full recovery; 104–121% recovery was obtained. Precision ranged from 5 to 17% for the 15–20 spiked samples used at each concentration, which were analyzed over multiple experimental trial days. The limit of detection (LOD) for this test procedure was approximately 2 ng/ml 1-BP and 7 ng/ml 2-BP in urine. A recovery study of 1- and 2-BP from fortified urine stored in vials appropriate for field collection was also completed. These results and other factors of the development and validation of this test procedure will be discussed.
Imprinting disorders and assisted reproductive technology.

Purpose of reviewTo summarize current evidence in the association of imprinting disorders and assisted reproductive technology.Recent findingsThe worldwide usage of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has continued to increase since the first successful birth of a human after IVF. Since 2002, sev
Representations of the Rook-Brauer Algebra

We study the representation theory of the rook-Brauer algebra , which has a of Brauer diagrams that allow for the possibility of missing edges. The Brauer, Temperley–Lieb, Motzkin, rook monoid, and symmetric group algebras are subalgebras of . We prove that is the centralizer of the orthogonal group on tensor space and that and are in Schur–Weyl duality. When x ∈ ℂ is chosen so that is semisimple, we use its Bratteli diagram to explicitly construct a complete set of irreducible representations for .
Conditions on Chinese A-not-A questions

The main goal of this paper is to account for the ungrammaticality of adjuncts likeyiding ‘definitely’ orluan ‘chaotically’ in Chinese A-not-A questions. This restriction can be accounted for via the Isomorphic Principle, by which S-structure scope relationships must be preserved at LF. In A-not-A questions the question operator [+Qu] raises at LF; any adjunct which c-commands [+Qu] at SS must therefore also raise to c-command it at LF, in order to respect the Isomorphic Principle. Butyielding andluan, like most adjuncts, cannot modify [+Qu], so such sentences are semantically anomalous. Certain other adjuncts, such as time and locative expressions, do not show this effect, though they also cannot modify [+Qu]. It is argued that adjuncts of this class are argument-like and thus that their trace may count for scope at LF, following a version of Aoun and Li's (1989) Scope Principle making reference to chains. Thus they are not forced to modify the question operator and may co-occur with A-not-A questions. To the extent that this analysis is successful, it supports the validity of the Isomorphic Principle and the Scope Principle as important mechanisms for mapping S-structure to LF.
An adaptive microphone preamplifier for low power applications

In this paper, we present a microphone preamplifier that adapts its power consumption according to the input signal's instantaneous bandwidth. The preamplifier's dynamic range and gain keep reasonably constant, regardless of the power consumption. The preamplifier was fabricated with a 0.5-µm CMOS process. The measurement results show it has over 79.5-dB dynamic range with 53.4% power saving compared to its non-adaptive counterpart.
Simulation and experimental analysis of a miniature ion thruster fabricated in low temperature co-fired ceramic

Summary form only given. Scaling down electric propulsion systems is of interest for the future development of propulsion systems for micro- and nano-satellites. Because of the low mass of nano-satellites, only a small amount of thrust, on the order of several hundred µN, is needed for tasks such as attitude control.
The effects of assessment mode and privacy level on self-reports of risky sexual behaviors and substance use among young women

This study examined differences in reported behaviors by assessment mode under differing privacy levels. Females were randomized to a computer-administered self-interview (CASI) or self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) assessment of sexual risk and substance use behaviors that was completed non-anonymously or anonymously. There were few differences in reported behaviors between assessment modes and privacy levels. However, an assessment mode by privacy-level interaction was found for 2 outcomes (unprotected oral sex, recent sexual partner). Greater disclosure occurred in the CASI-anonymous condition than the CASI-non-anonymous condition. Those in the CASI condition disclosed more instances of drinking until intoxicated than did those completing the SAQ. Overall, the findings suggest that CASI and SAQ under differing privacy levels result in comparable health behavior self-reports.
Learning Citizenship: Campus-Based Initiatives for Developing Student Change Agents.

The phrase “social movement” typically conjures up images of pickets, massive crowds, and noisy demonstrations. An emerging approach to campus-based change, used in Fraternal Futures and other projects, is tapping into the small, the local, and the personally relevant.
Competing Redistricting Plans As Evidence of Political Motives: The North Carolina Case

Redistricting is a thoroughly political act, but the political strategies of the various actors often have been lost amid legal and representational arguments. This article looks at one set of actors—state legislators—and examines how they pursue personal and partisan interests during redistricting. Rather than treating legislators as uniform in their preferences, we divide them into two categories: those who are ambitious for higher office and those who are not. These two groups of legislators face dramatically different sets of incentives and constraints, and these differences are reflected by their strategies in the redistricting process. Using North Carolina's 1992 redistricting as exemplar, this article outlines the redistricting debates, describes the interests of the various actors, and presents an analysis of eight redistricting plans using JudgeIt. The findings indicate that members balance individual and partisan interests when proposing plans and that for ambitious legislators, individual ambit...
Existing and Emerging Technologies for Tumor Genomic Profiling

Ongoing global genome characterization efforts are revolutionizing our knowledge of cancer genomics and tumor biology. In parallel, information gleaned from these studies on driver cancer gene alterations—mutations, copy number alterations, translocations, and/or chromosomal rearrangements—can be leveraged, in principle, to develop a cohesive framework for individualized cancer treatment. These possibilities have been enabled, to a large degree, by revolutionary advances in genomic technologies that facilitate systematic profiling for hallmark cancer genetic alterations at increasingly fine resolutions. Ongoing innovations in existing genomics technologies, as well as the many emerging technologies, will likely continue to advance translational cancer genomics and precision cancer medicine.
Monte Carlo and spin wave studies of antiferromagnetic ordering in anisotropic Heisenberg systems

Abstract The Anisotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet (AF), which is defined as a three-dimensional simple cubic lattice with in-plane AF interaction J⊥ and interplane J ⊥== γ J ⊥ is studied using low-T spin wave theory and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The dependence of the ground state properties and the Neel temperature TN on the anisotropy γ(0≤γ≤1) are obtained.
PATHOGENESIS OF CHRONIC DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH PERSISTENT LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRAL INFECTION : II. RELATIONSHIP OF THE ANTI-LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS IMMUNE RESPONSE TO TISSUE INJURY IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS DISEASE

Tissue injury (chronic disease) associated with persistent LCM infection is apparently caused by the host immune response to the virus. Employing parabiosis or cell transfer from hyperimmune donors to isologous virus carriers, the tissue injury of chronic disease could be initiated and/or intensified. Furthermore, the transfer of anti-LCM antibody to SWR/J carrier mice results in acute necrotizing inflammatory lesions in regions of viral persistence, followed by chronic mononuclear infiltrates quite similar to those seen after the transfer of immune cells. The pathogenesis of the nonglomerular tissue injury of chronic LCM disease is apparently at least in part related to the interaction of circulating anti-LCM antibody with viral antigen at the tissue site. Trapping of circulating virus-antibody complexes in the glomerular filter is apparently the major cause of the glomerulonephritis.
A fast algorithm for the weighted least absolute value state estimation (for power systems)

The weighted least absolute value minimization method is used to solve the power system state estimation problem. The problem can be shown to be equivalent to a linear programming program and hence can be solved using the well-known Simplex method. However, a direct adaptation of the Simplex method results in an inefficient code. A fast algorithm originally suggested by I. Barrodale and F.D.K. Roberts (1973) is further improved and applied to the power system state estimation problem. The use of the algorithm resulted in considerable savings in computation times, as demonstrated by the numerical examples given for various test systems. >
Transfer Assessment Using a Between-Subjects Central-Composite Design

Transfer of training from a pursuit rotor to an epicycloid pursuit rotor was assessed by means of a response surface methodology (RSM) central-composite design. Number of training trials, time between training trials, and tracking speed of the training task were combined in a three-factor, RSM central-composite design. Multiple-regression prediction equations relating these three independent variables to trials to criterion on the epicycloid pursuit rotor were calculated for both an unreplicated and replicated RSM design. A representative first-order response surface was plotted for the replicated design. The results are discussed in terms of necessary RSM central-composite design modifications and the overall applicability of using RSM in transfer of training research.
Limitations of the chick radiophosphorus uptake assay and the chick radioiodine depletion assay for thyrotropic hormone when applied to blood and urine.

The chick thyroid P32 uptake and I131 depletion methods for the bioassay of anterior pituitary thyrotropic hormone (TSH) have been applied to the measurement of TSH in human serum and urine. Although there are detectable levels of TSH in sera from some patients with myxedema, hypcrthyroidism, or exophthalmos, the levels in normal individuals arc too low to measure accurately. The ultrafiltrate residue of urine contains a non-hypophyseal factor which stimulates the uptake of P32 by the chick thyroid, which imposes limitations on the application of the P32 uptake assay to urine. Urine ultrafiltrate residue also contains a non-hypophyseal factor which interferes with the effect of TSH on I131 depiction in the chick thyroid. Assay of TSH in human serum or urine by these methods will require, therefore, either concentration of TSH from serum or elimination of interfering factors from urine.
Physical aging of poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). I. Dynamic mechanical measurements

Injection- and compression-molded poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene) (ABS) samples were aged at 40 to 90°C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Dynamic mechanical measurements show that aging restricts molecular mobility in the glassy poly(styrene–acrylonitrile) matrix of ABS. The α, or glass transition, of the matrix is affected only by aging at higher temperatures such as 90°C. On the other hand, the β transition is suppressed to some extent by aging at all temperatures from 40 to 90°C parallels the loss of tensile elongation previously reported. These results indicate that the effects of aging on the glassy phase are unique for different aging temperatures. Therefore, a simple time temperature superposition may not exist for the effects of physical aging on ABS.
Vehicle placement to intercept moving targets

We address optimal placement of vehicles with simple motion, to intercept a mobile target that arrives stochastically on a line segment. The optimality of vehicle placement is measured through a cost function associated with intercepting the target. With a single vehicle, we assume that the target either moves with fixed speed and in a fixed direction or moves to maximize the vertical height or intercept time. We show that each of the corresponding cost functions is convex, has smooth gradient and has a unique minimizing location, and so the optimal vehicle placement is obtained by any standard gradient-based optimization technique. With multiple vehicles, we assume that the target moves with fixed speed and in fixed direction. We present a discrete time partitioning and gradientbased algorithm, and characterize conditions under which the algorithm asymptotically leads the vehicles to a set of critical configurations of the cost function.
Posttranscriptional Modifications in 16S and 23S rRNAs of the Archaeal Hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus

Posttranscriptional modification is common to many types of RNA, but the majority of information concerning structure and function of modification is derived principally from tRNA. By contrast, less is known about modification in rRNA in spite of accumulating evidence for its direct participation in translation. The structural identities and approximate molar levels of modifications have been established for 16S and 23S rRNAs of the archaeal hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfactaricus by using combined chromatography-mass spectrometry-based methods. Modification levels are exceptionally high for prokaryotic organisms, with approximately 38 modified sites in 16S rRNA and 50 in 23S rRNA for cells cultured at 75°C, compared with 11 and 23 sites, respectively, in Escherichia coli. We structurally characterized 10 different modified nucleosides in 16S rRNA, 64% (24 residues) of which are methylated at O-2′ of ribose, and 8 modified species in 23S rRNA, 86% (43 residues) of which are ribose methylated, a form of modification shown in earlier studies to enhance stability of the polynucleotide chain. From cultures grown at progressively higher temperatures, 60, 75, and 83°C, a slight trend toward increased ribose methylation levels was observed, with greatest net changes over the 23°C range shown for 2′-O-methyladenosine in 16S rRNA (21% increase) and for 2′-O-methylcytidine (24%) and 2′-O-methylguanosine (22%) in 23S rRNA. These findings are discussed in terms of the potential role of modification in stabilization of rRNA in the thermal environment.
Phytochrome control of the tms2 gene in transgenic Arabidopsis: a strategy for selecting mutants in the signal transduction pathway.

Introduction of the tms2 gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Arabidopsis thaliana yields transgenic seedlings with a new selectable phenotype: the seedlings are strongly growth inhibited on micromolar concentrations of auxin amide substrates that do not significantly affect wild-type seedlings. The tms2 gene encodes an amidohydrolase that catalyzes the conversion of biologically inactive auxin amides into active auxins, which are toxic to plants at elevated concentrations. In the absence of exogenous substrate, tms2+ transgenic seedlings grow normally and are fertile. When grown on auxin amides, both etiolated and green tms2+ seedlings exhibit a variety of dose-dependent auxin toxicity effects. tms2 mRNA and the encoded amidohydrolase activity are both detectable in transgenic but not in wild-type seedlings, demonstrating that a cognate activity is lacking in wild-type Arabidopsis. Furthermore, when the introduced tms2 gene is fused to the Arabidopsis cab140 promoter, the tms2 RNA and its encoded amidohydrolase activity and, thus, the conditional lethal phenotype can be modulated by phytochrome action. The tms2 gene can, therefore, serve as a regulatable selectable marker in Arabidopsis that should be useful in isolation of trans-regulatory mutants that have lost the imposed regulation of tms2 gene activity.
Control of Listeria monocytogenes in turkey deli loaves using organic acids as formulation ingredients

Abstract The growth of Listeria monocytogenes in further-processed meat products has become a major concern and an important food safety issue. The meat and poultry industries have incorporated interventions such as organic acids in marinades to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes. In this study, organic acids were utilized in the raw product and as a postcook dip to determine their inhibitory effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes in turkey deli loaves. The turkey deli loaves were processed, cooked, cooled, inoculated with streptomycin-resistant L. monocytogenes, and then dipped. Treatments were potassium lactate (PL) in the raw product with sodium lactate (SL), sodium diacetate (SD) dip, PL with SL/PL/SD dip, SL with SL/SD dip, and SL with SL/PL/SD dip. There was also a positive (inoculated) and negative (noninoculated) control, which was dipped in distilled water. Days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 were sampled for L. monocytogenes. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among the organic acid treatments in the turkey deli loaves at any time points; therefore, all of the treatments increased the lag phase of L. monocytogenes, extending the shelf-life of the product. However, there was a difference between the treatments and the positive control at d 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56. The growth of L. monocytogenes increased immediately in the positive control, whereas the negative control appeared to have no growth. These organic acids can provide meat processors with a useful method for extending the lag phase of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products.
Laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation in children and adolescents: results of 103 cases.

Purpose: We evaluate our experience using the laparoscopic Palomo varicocele ligation (LPV) technique in male children and adolescents with varicoceles. Materials and Methods: Between September 1994 and September 2002, 122 varicoceles were treated using LPV with either mass cord vascular clip application (68) or LigaSure (Valleylab, Boulder, Colorado) vascular sealing (54). All procedures were performed as day surgery cases and patients were allowed to return to normal activities as soon as they could tolerate them. Followup was scheduled for 6 to 12 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. Testicular size was evaluated using a Prader orchidometer. Results: Of the 122 patients 103 were evaluable at the initial postoperative visit and 96 at 1-year followup. Patient ages ranged from 9 to 19 years (mean 14.6). Operating time was 9 to 52 minutes (mean 28), although in the last 2 years (28 cases) mean operative time has decreased to 14.6 minutes. Indications for surgery included ipsilateral testicular hypotrophy in 84 cases, symptoms in 3 and parental choice in 16. At followup only 1 recurrent varicocele (vascular sealant group) was identified which was subsequently re-treated successfully using vascular sealant LPV. At 1 year 64 of 78 testes (82%) demonstrated catch-up growth and there was no evidence of testicular loss or persistent hypotrophy in the others. Reactive hydroceles were identified in 6 patients equally distributed between the 2 LPV techniques. Surgery was required on 2 of these hydroceles due to size, and the other 4 are small and are being observed. Temporary scrotal emphysema occurred in the vast majority of patients and 1 patient required laparoscopic closure of a small sigmoid serosal tear. No patients required narcotic medications for greater than 48 hours. Conclusions: LPV is a highly successful method to correct varicoceles in young males with catch-up growth similar to series using other accepted standard techniques. LPV can be performed safely and rapidly as an outpatient and allows early return to activity. As with the open Palomo technique, hydrocele is a bothersome complication that may require a second surgical procedure if correction is warranted.
Isolation and characterization of an endo-(1,4)-β-glucanase secreted by Achlya ambisexualis

Models of wall loosening in fungi and other walled eukaryotes require the action of proteins able to reduce the degree of linkage between components of the wall. In the oomycete Achlya ambisexualis, such a role has been proposed for a suite of endoglucanases that are secreted during branching and during the measurable wall softening associated with osmotic stress. We report here the isolation and characterization of one of these isoenzymes. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 32 kDa, a pH optimum of 6.75, a pI of 4.5, and a temperature optimum of 35 C. It is partially inhibited by sulfhydryl-binding reagents and completely inhibited by the tryptophan-binding reagent NBS. The enzyme has an endohydrolytic mode of action with substrate specificity towards glucans that contain β-(1,4) linkages, either alone (carboxymethyl cellulose) or as mixed linkage (1,4-1,3)-β-glucans (e.g., Avena glucan). It does not, however, degrade amorphous insoluble (phosphoric acid swollen) cellulose. Most significantly, the enzyme can also hydrolyze linkages in an Achlya cell wall fraction previously shown to consist of a mixed-linkage (1,4-1,3)-β-glucan. This property is consistent with the long-standing hypothesis that the branching-related endoglucanases of oomycetes play a role in cell wall loosening.
Temperature Effect on Power for Particle Detachment from Pore Wall Described by an Arrhenius-Type Equation

An Arrhenius-type asymptotic-exponential function is derived to describe the temperature dependence of the power needed for detachment of fine particles from pore walls in porous media.
Preferential covalent binding of acetaldehyde to the α‐chain of purified rat liver tubulin

Hepatic ethanol oxidation generates the reactive intermediate acetaldehyde, which binds to proteins. Previous work, using bovine brain tubulin as a model protein, has shown that acetaldehyde preferentially formed stable adducts on the α-chain of the heterodimeric molecule. This binding resulted in functional impairment of the tubulin/microtubule system as evidenced by a decreased ability of adducted tubulin to form microtubules. Since tubulin/microtubules are believed to be very important cytoskeletal components of the hepatocyte and results with brain tubulin were interesting, our goal was to extend these studies to liver tubulin. We purified tubulin from rat liver by a polymerization-based cycle method followed by phosphocellulose chromatography. We then characterized the covalent binding of [14C]acetaldehyde to liver tubulin. Naturally forming and cyanoborohydride-stimulated stable adducts formed linearly with liver tubulin in a manner almost identical to that with brain tubulin. We also found that the α-chain of the native heterodimeric liver tubulin molecule was the preferred site of adduct formation at low acetaldehyde to protein ratios. These results confirm and extend our previous findings with the brain tubulin model and further suggest that the α-chain of tubulin may be a preferential site for acetaldehyde-adduct formation during ethanol oxidation in the liver.
Prevention and control practices for human noroviruses in long-term care facilities in South Carolina

Background Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are the most common setting for human norovirus (HuNoV) outbreak. Our study aimed to determine gaps in prevention and control practices for HuNoV in LTCFs in South Carolina (SC). Methods Two researchers visited a convenience sample of 26 LTCFs in SC during July-November 2013. Directors were interviewed to determine facility prevention and control practices. Relative frequencies and means were calculated using SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results Most directors had little knowledge of proper sanitizing and disinfecting products and reported missing written procedures for cleaning staff-visitor bathrooms. Only 18 had recommendations for when residents should wash hands. Many used the wrong products for pathogen removal after vomit-fecal events, had no written procedures for cleaning contaminated soft surfaces, did not remove other individuals during clean-up of vomit-fecal episodes, and did not clean a large area surrounding vomit-fecal episodes. Eighteen did not assign specific staff to care for sick; 16 did not designate specific toilets for sick; and 15 did not restrict visitors during an outbreak. Conclusion Directors' responses indicated gaps in prevention and control practices for HuNoV in LTCFs in SC.
Effects of atrial natriuretic factor on blood flow distribution and vascular resistance in conscious dogs.

Systemic and regional hemodynamic responses to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) administered by either bolus or infusion were examined in conscious dogs in the presence and absence of ganglionic blockade. In intact dogs, bolus injection of ANF (9 micrograms/kg), which increased plasma ANF by 100,913 +/- 12,330 pg/ml, initially reduced mean arterial pressure (7 +/- 1%) and total peripheral (-31 +/- 2%), coronary (-28 +/- 3%), mesenteric (-19 +/- 2%), renal (-36 +/- 2%), and iliac (-24 +/- 2%) vascular resistances. During the recovery period, resistance rose in the total peripheral (+13 +/- 3%), coronary (+19 +/- 5%), mesenteric (+7 +/- 2%), and iliac (+42 +/- 8%) beds but did not rise in the renal bed. At 15 min after infusion of ANF (0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 x 30 min), which increased plasma ANF by 4,296 +/- 869 pg/ml, resistance rose in the total peripheral (+19 +/- 3%), coronary (+17 +/- 2%), mesenteric (+23 +/- 7%), and iliac (+40 +/- 11%) beds but remained slightly depressed in the renal bed (-8 +/- 5%). Ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium did not modify substantially the pattern of change of regional vascular resistances to ANF. Thus in conscious dogs, ANF under steady-state conditions was found to elicit direct vasoconstriction in most regional vascular beds and minor vasodilation in the renal vascular bed. However, after bolus administration of ANF, which results in extremely high plasma ANF levels, transient vasodilation occurs in all regional vascular beds. These data suggest that the distribution of ANF receptors, which elicit vasodilation, differs in regional vascular beds, and that in most vascular beds, except those of the kidney, these receptors require extremely high levels of ANF to be activated.
Learning to Automatically Solve Algebra Word Problems

We present an approach for automatically learning to solve algebra word problems. Our algorithm reasons across sentence boundaries to construct and solve a system of linear equations, while simultaneously recovering an alignment of the variables and numbers in these equations to the problem text. The learning algorithm uses varied supervision, including either full equations or just the final answers. We evaluate performance on a newly gathered corpus of algebra word problems, demonstrating that the system can correctly answer almost 70% of the questions in the dataset. This is, to our knowledge, the first learning result for this task.
Estradiol receptor in the human fallopian tube.

The levels of estrogen receptor in the cytosol of different segments of the human fallopian tube obtained at different times in the reproductive cycle were measured in 38 20-48 year old women undergoing surgery for pelvic disease. Estradiol binding was in the 4S and 8S regions. Excess unlabeled estradiol displaced most radioactivity from the 8S area with little effect on the 4S area. The dissociation constant of the receptor was 1.1 times 10 less than minus 9 greater than. The greatest amount of binding was seen at the ampulla with the lowest in the infundibulum. Adjacent to the corpus luteum there was an even lower level of estradiol receptor. These differences were not apparent in women taking oral contraceptives.
On the dynamics of cell division

In the cells of root tips of the onion and hyacinth the basophile substances migrate toward the anode on the passage of an electric current, except in case of the mitotic figure, which migrates as a whole toward the anode.
Computing at the Speed of Light

By 2020, data centers will consume in the US alone more than 250 megawatts of electricity. As Data-centers are expected to carry a large portion if not the majority of all kinds of computations in the future, driving this power consumption down is a major engineering, industrial as well as political concern. Light as a means for propagating high amounts of computing data, is recognized today as the most promising direction for solving this paradigm. Light, in contrast to electronics, does not dissipate power as it propagates. The challenge with this approach is that until recently silicon- the basic material used in microelectronics and computing today- has been considered a low quality optical material. We have shown the ability to control the flow of light. at GHz frequencies using a nano-structure that enhance the natural electro-optic properties of silicon. This ability to create active optical devices on silicon is the basis for the burgeoning field of silicon photonics, or light on a silicon chip.
The New York Court of Appeals and the United States Supreme Court, 1960–76

Recent years have seen a growth of interest on the part of political scientists and lawyers in the functioning of the state judiciaries, especially of their high courts. Between 1954 and 1970 the few writers who paid attention to state courts focused largely upon their braking the liberal race-integration and criminal procedure decisions of the Warren Court. For example, Walter Murphy and Herman Pritchett in 1%1 described the successful efforts of the Florida Supreme Court to nullify a U.S. Supreme Court order that Mr. Virgil Hawkins, a Black, be admitted to the University of Florida Law School.' In 1970 Stephen Wasby accurately said that ". . . very clearly state court judges do not follow the U.S. Supreme Court's rulings automatically, regardless of the existence of the supremacy clause."' His example involved the aftermath of a Supreme Court case invalidating as racially biased Georgia's system for electing jurors for the defendant's trial. The defendant, one Williams, was condemned to death and then appealed to the Supreme Court. Wasby indicated what happened then.
The Role of Cation Point Defects and Oxygen Interstitials on Modulations in Undoped and Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors

Variations in superstructure modulations and transition tempeartures (Tc) in undoped and yttrium-doped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (2212) superconductors annealed in different environments have been examined by microstructural analysis. The hole concentration is changed either by annealing the samples in reducing or oxidizing environments, or by partial substitution of Y3+ cations on the Ca-sites. Systematic investigations of the 2212 samples annealed in both the reducing (nitrogen) and oxidizing (oxygen) environments show commensurate and incommensurate modulations, respectively, and a decrease of Tc in oxygen. Commensurate modulations have also been found for samples prepared entirely in nitrogen. High spatial resolution microanalysis reveals that the modulations are insensitive to cation point defects. These results indicate that modulations are intrinsic to the 2212 materials and that they are caused by the lattice mismatch between the perovskite and Bi-O layers. Such periodic variations in interplanar spacings are expected to lead to satellite spots as observed in electron diffraction. The results are consistent with single crystal X-ray diffraction studies reported in the literature. In the Y- doped samples Tc values are similar in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2O8 for x=0.2, in both the environments, but decrease with increasing value of x.
Drug for pediatric and ADR monitoring in hospital

Children are more susceptible to ADR than adults because of the characteristic of children,s physiologic and medication, and it takes more serious effect and harm to children. Drug safety for children is an important task not only for people's healthy but also improving all civilian,s constitution. ADR monitoring should be strengthened. Drug administration on children should be more reasonable, thus ADR can be reduced and avoided efficiently and the drug for children should be more reasonable, safely and effectively. On the other hand, medical staffs should timely make known the ADR report or monitoring, and the support and administration of hospital are necessary too.
Systems analysis with workflow modeling

Workflow modeling has received more attention in recent years since the publication of standards by the Workflow Management Coalition in 1995. In this chapter, we give a brief introduction to what workflow is and then discuss how workflow analysis may help facilitate standard analysis methodologies such as traditional analysis and the object-oriented analysis. An example is given to illustrate the usefulness of the workflow modeling as an added system analysis tool.
The Nixon Doctrine and Japan’s Defence Policy, 1969–1971

In July 1969, just six months into his presidency, Richard Nixon made an extensive world tour. While on a stopover in the US Pacific territory of Guam, he gave an off-the-cuff address to assembled journalists in which he outlined his vision for the future of US strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. In light of the quagmire of Vietnam the United States would no longer commit ground troops to wars on the Asian mainland.1 Instead, Nixon looked to America’s Asian allies to enhance their own military power. The United States would continue to provide air and naval support, as well as the all-important extended nuclear deterrent. However, US troops would no longer fight battles on behalf of Asians. This ‘Guam Doctrine’ (later renamed the Nixon Doctrine) was an early example of Nixon’s push to limit America’s commitments and conserve its strength. The policy rethink and the realignment of forces would have a deep impact upon Japan, America’s main ally in the region. US officials repeatedly assured their Japanese counterparts both publicly and privately that the policy was a way of ensuring that America retained a stake in Asia by heading off domestic isolationist sentiment. In spite of such assurances the departure, coupled with the Nixon administration’s goal of withdrawing from Vietnam, caused considerable unease among Japanese elites concerned that they were being abandoned to their fate by their ally.
Tetrazine Marks the Spot

Marrying bioorthogonal drug activation to hydrogel localization makes doxorubicin treatment more potent, more tolerable in work by Mejia Oneto et al.
A Middle Pennsylvanian macrofloral assemblage from wetland deposits in Indiana (Illinois Basin): a taxonomic contribution with biostratigraphic, paleobiogeographic, and paleoecologic implications

Taxonomic analysis is provided for a Middle Pennsylvanian macrofloral assemblage collected from clastic wetland deposits in Clay County, Indiana, on the eastern margin of the Illinois Basin. Adpressed plant fossils were recovered from four distinct beds in the lowermost Staunton Formation, positioned above the Minshall Coal (uppermost Brazil Formation), part of a succession deposited near the Atokan-Desmoinesian boundary. The assemblage of 22 fossil-taxa is dominated by pteridosperms (including Neuropteris flexuosa, Macroneuropteris scheuchzeri, Alethopteris densinervosa, Neuropteris ovata, Eusphenopteris neuropteroides, and Neuropteris missouriensis) with lesser cordaitaleans (Cordaites spp. indet.) and sphenopsids (particularly Sphenophyllum cuneifolium). Lycopsids are uncommon, and ferns are rare. In contrast, the microfloral assemblage from the Minshall Coal and overlying clastic units is dominated by lycopsid and tree fern spores. Comparisons with established biozonation schemes yield different ages depending on the regional biostratigraphic framework used: (1) latest Bolsovian (Radiizonates difformis Biozone, American microfloras); (2) latest Bolsovian or earliest Asturian (‘Neuropteris’ rarinervis Biozone, Appalachian Basin macrofloras); or (3) earliest Asturian (Linopteris obliqua Biozone, European macrofloras). The placement and correlation of the Bolsovian-Asturian and Atokan-Desmoinesian boundaries, which have traditionally been equated by palynology, are evaluated in the context of this discordance. Several revised stratigraphic scenarios are proposed for this interval in the Illinois Basin, which is being increasingly recognized as a time of significant environmental change throughout Euramerica. Homotaxial comparisons with European macrofloral assemblages indicate that, of the 18 biological taxa recorded, between 14 and 17 (78–94%) also are common in coeval wetland deposits in Europe. The similarities exemplify the spatial conservatism and low diversity of wetland plant communities over vast areas of tropical Euramerica, a manifestation of the intrinsically stressful conditions that characterize such habitats, and indicates that neither the Laurentian Shield nor the Appalachian-Variscan Mountains were an insurmountable barrier to plant dispersal during the Middle Pennsylvanian.