cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing Global Positioning System and Very High Frequency Telemetry Home Ranges of White‐Tailed Deer

Use of Global Positioning System (GPS) collars on free-ranging ungulates overcomes many limitations of conventional very high frequency (VHF) telemetry and offers a practical means of studying space use and home range estimation. To better understand winter home ranges of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), we evaluated GPS collar performance, and we compared GPS- and VHF-derived diurnal home ranges (for the same animals) and GPS-derived home range estimates for diurnal and nocturnal locations. Overall, the mean fix success rate of our GPS collars was 85% (range = 14–99%). Kernel density estimates of home range (using the 95% probability contour) derived from GPS and VHF locations were generally similar, as were GPS-derived diurnal and nocturnal home ranges. Overlap indices between GPS and VHF utilization distributions (UDs) ranged from 0.49 to 0.78 for the volume of intersection (VI) index and from 0.67 to 0.94 for Bhattacharyya's affinity (BA); overlap indices for GPS-diurnal and nocturnal UDs ranged from 0.29 to 0.81 for VI and from 0.56 to 0.94 for BA. Despite similarities of home ranges estimated from GPS versus VHF locations and GPS-diurnal versus nocturnal locations, our data also indicate that differences may have important implications for studies focused on deer use of space, habitat, and resources at a finer scale.
Chapter 5 Molecular Mechanisms of 4‐(Methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone‐Induced Lung Carcinogenesis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), whichis derived from nicotine. Significant levels of NNK are found in tobacco products and tobacco smoke. NNK is rapidly and extensively metabolized in rodents, primates, and humans. NNK is a strong lung specific carcinogen, independent of species and route of administration. NNK is carcinogenic in laboratory animals, generating tumors at sites similar to those observed in smokers. It also causes liver, nasal, and pancreatic tumors. This compound induces lung adenocarcinomas in rodents at doses that are comparable to those experienced by smokers. This type of cancer is now the most common type of lung cancer observed in humans, having surpassed squamous cell carcinoma. NNK requires metabolic activation to elicit its carcinogenic properties. Both DNA alkylation pathways are important to the carcinogenic properties of this potent lung carcinogen. The DNA methylation pathway is well-characterized and is a critical pathway for the elicitation of NNK-induced pulmonary tumors in A/J mice. Therefore, genetic susceptibility is likely to be critical in the determination of lung cancer risk in humans. The major metabolic pathways consist of carbonyl reduction, N-oxidation and a-carbon hydroxylation. Glucuronidation is an important pathway of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) metabolism. Each of these four pathways is described in the chapter.
Approaches for the Development of Antiviral Compounds: The Case of Hepatitis C Virus

Traditional methods for general drug discovery typically include evaluating random compound libraries for activity in relevant cell-free or cell-based assays. Success in antiviral development has emerged from the discovery of more focused libraries that provide clues about structure activity relationships. Combining these with more recent approaches including structural biology and computational modeling can work efficiently to hasten discovery of active molecules, but that is not enough. There are issues related to biology, toxicology, pharmacology, and metabolism that have to be addressed before a hit compound becomes nominated for clinical development. The objective of gaining early preclinical knowledge is to reduce the risk of failure in Phases 1, 2, and 3, leading to the goal of approved drugs that benefit the infected individual. This review uses hepatitis C virus (HCV), for which we still do not have an ideal therapeutic modality, as an example of the multidisciplinary efforts needed to discover new antiviral drugs for the benefit of humanity.
Big Data and the Dot Com Bubble

I develop a big-data model which predicts dot-com market behavior. My model also predicts the dot-com collapse three months prior to its occurrence. My model differs from others that fail to explain the dot-com market in three ways. First it uses an objective machine driven methodology to analyze media news stories. Second, it treats news articles as complex multi-thematic constructs. Third it requires that news stories mention the firm in its headline. I submit that these three factors enable my model to explain dot-com market behavior where other models fail to do so.
The Paradoxical Relationships Between Marketing and Vulnerability

Abstract Marketing both reduces and contributes to consumer vulnerability. In this essay, the authors explore this paradoxical relationship. Complexities and nuances captured in existing definitions are revisited. The authors then share a more expansive perspective; they offer a new typology with hopes of drawing attention to multifaceted and conflicting challenges so as to stimulate fresh thinking. Several points are raised so that policy makers and marketers might be inspired to invoke systemic solutions that increase the security and well-being of consumers who are subject to various vulnerabilities.
A simulated annealing algorithm for dynamic system reconfiguration and production planning in cellular manufacturing

Most manufacturing system design problems have been studied under static conditions in which the facilities are configured on fixed shop floors for relatively long planning period by assuming constant product mix and demand. In today's dynamic business environment, shorter time periods should be considered where the product mix and demand may vary from period to period. As a result, the best facility layout for one period may not be efficient for subsequent periods. To address this issue, several authors proposed dynamic system reconfiguration models and solution procedures for manufacturing system design. In this paper, we consider an integrated problem of production planning and dynamic system reconfiguration in cellular manufacturing systems where production quantities are also decision variables. Based on this consideration, we propose a mathematical programming model for solving this problem. The solution of the model provides the planned production quantity, inventory level and system configuration for each period. Since the problem is NP-hard, we developed a heuristic algorithm based on multiple Markov chain simulated annealing to allow multiple search directions to be traced simultaneously. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed model and the computational efficiency of the developed algorithm.
A VLSI CAM-based flexible oblivious router for multiprocessor interconnection networks

A VLSI implementation of a flexible router scheme for parallel interconnection network architectures is presented in this paper. The router implements implicit oblivious routing algorithms in 1.5 clock cycles, this being the fastest approach for flexible routers. To further increase performance, the router operation has been made pipelined with a throughput of 1 routing decision per cycle. The implementation is based on a combination of a content addressable memory that supports per entry unique bit masking, a fast priority scheme that allows only one entry to be selected, and a memory that stores the port assignment. The number of required CAM entries is extremely small; it is of the same order as the output ports (or node degree). >
Office-based laser assisted tympanic membrane fenestration in adults and children: pilot data to support an alternative to traditional approaches to otitis media

Abstract Objectives: To determine the role of intermediate duration (∼3 weeks) middle ear ventilation using office-based laser assisted tympanic membrane fenestration in resolving an episode of otitis media with effusion in adults and children who otherwise would have been treated with insertion of pressure equalization tubes. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 92 patients (162 ears) was conducted to identify the utility and technical challenges associated with laser assisted tympanic membrane fenestration in an office setting. Clinical characteristics reviewed included: age, gender, duration of effusion, season performed, and hearing and health status of middle ear upon healing of the fenestration. Results: 69% of all patients were effusion free upon closure of the fenestration; 68% of those
ADVATE prophylaxis: post hoc analysis of joint bleeding episodes

SummaryIntroduction The ADVATE (rAHF-PFM) Prophylaxis Study compared the efficacy of (i) standard factor (F) VIIII prophylaxis (SP) (20–40 IU kg−1 every other day) vs. pharmacokinetic-tailored prophylaxis (PKP) (20–80 IU kg−1 every third day) and (ii) both prophylactic regimens with on-demand therapy (OD) in 66 previously on-demand-treated patients (median age: 26 years; range: 7–59) with FVIII ≤2% and ≥8 joint haemorrhages in the year before enrolment. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate joint bleeding episodes during the on-demand and prophylactic study periods. Methods A post hoc analysis of joint bleeding episodes in the per protocol analysis set (n = 53) was conducted. Results The annualized joint bleeding rate (AJBR) was significantly lower for subjects treated with 12 months of SP (n = 30) or PKP (n = 23) as compared with 6 months of OD (n = 53): 55 {median AJBR 0.48 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.96]}, 72 [1.00 (4.07)] and 1164 [38.65 (24.81)] respectively (P < 0.0001). Median AJBR was comparable during both prophylaxis arms (0.5 and 1.0 respectively). In contrast, median AJBR during on-demand therapy was 38.7 (P < 0.0001). Conclusion Both SP and PKP significantly increased the median number of days between joint bleeding episodes compared with OD: 268.9, 182.9 and 7.4 respectively (P < 0.0001). Study subjects experienced these joint-protective benefits of prophylaxis regardless of the number of baseline target joints.
Differential Diagnosis of Infant Botulism

Clinical investigations of infants hospitalized with botulism demonstrate a remarkable uniformity of complaints and physical findings. Constipation precedes a course of progressive weakness and cranial nerve dysfunction. Examination reveals hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and a variable pattern of involvement of the motor cranial nerves. Initial laboratory investigations should include electrodiagnostic tests, because findings of an incremental response to rapid, repetitive nerve stimulation and of brief, small-amplitude motor units on electromyography are virtually pathognomonic of botulism in the infant. Differential diagnosis includes disorders that may produce generalized depression of the central nervous system, such as septicemia, meningitis, metabolic disturbances, and intoxications. Specific involvement of the neuromuscular system includes acute polyneuropathies, diseases of the anterior horn cell, congenital myopathies or muscular dystrophy, and neonatal myasthenia gravis. Recent studies have expanded the clinical spectrum of infant botulism to include some cases of sudden infant death syndrome and otherwise nonspecific constipation.
Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma

Airway smooth muscle plays a multifaceted role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We review the current understanding of the contribution of airway myocytes to airway inflammation, airway wall remodeling, and airflow obstruction in this prevalent disease syndrome. Together, these roles make airway smooth muscle an attractive target for asthma therapy.
Basic Matrix Subprograms for Distributed Memory Systems

Parallel systems are in general complicated to utilize eficiently. As they evolve in complexity, it hence becomes increasingly more important to provide libraries and language features that can spare the users from the knowledge of low-level system details. Our effort in this direction is to develop a set of basic matrix algorithms for distributed memory systems such as the hypercube. The goal is to be able to provide for distributed memory systems an environment similar to that which the Level-3 Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS3) provide for the sequential and shared memory environments. These subprograms facilitate the development of eficient and portable algorithms that are rich in matrix-matrix multiplication, on which major software eflorts such as LAPACK have been built. To demonstrate the concept, some of these Level-3 algorithms are being developed on the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube. Central to this effort is the General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication routine PGEMM. The symmetric and triangular multiplications as well as, rank-tk updates (symmetric case), and the solution of triangular systems with multiple right hand sides, are also discussed.
UNITED STATES AND CANADA The Many Legalities of Early America . Edited by Christopher L. Tomlins and Bruce H. Mann. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 466. $22.50, paper.

Historians of early America are considering legal institutions in new and refreshing ways. The Many Legalities of Early America, a volume of 15 essays edited by Christopher L. Tomlins and Bruce H. Mann, is an excellent model for those seeking to integrate recent trends in the study of race and gender within the context of the law. The editors recognize that legal history has existed outside of the mainstream of American colonial history for a long time, in large part because scholars in the field were more committed to â€œdetail than to worldviewâ€ (p. 9), a trend that has left the study of law in the hands of â€œinternalistsâ€ for far too long. The efforts of Tomlins and Mann to present research in legal history within the broad trends of colonial history are quite revealing, and economic historians will find a number of essays pertinent to their interests.
DOMES FOR CIRCULAR KILNS

The object of this study was to find the shape of a dome having no circumferential stresses. To find such a surface of revolution, the calculus of variations was employed, and a differential equation set up whose solution would be a curve which, when revolved about the vertical axis, would give this surface. This differential equation was found to be unsolvable except by graphical methods. A graphical solution was obtained using an integrating machine. The vertical cross-section of this surface is compared with well-known curves. It is found that spherical domes with small heights lie inside the surface in question, and are therefore stable, while spherical domes which approach a hemisphere lie outside this surface at certain points, and are unstable. These conclusions are in accordance with the physical facts. Tables containing all the data relative to this derived surface are given. The relation between the resultant stress at the base and the height is shown graphically. The radial component of stress is found to approach infinity for a very flat dome, and to approach zero for a high dome. The value of this dome lies in the fact that stability of any curve may be determined by comparison with it. Any curve which lies outside this limiting curve at any point will give an unstable dome. It also makes it possible to find the surface having a minimum resultant stress for any given base diameter or any given height.
Energy landscape of LeuT from molecular simulations.

The bacterial sodium-coupled leucine transporter (LeuT) has been broadly used as a structural model for understanding the structure-dynamics-function of mammalian neurotransmitter transporters as well as other solute carriers that share the same fold (LeuT fold), as the first member of the family crystallographically resolved in multiple states: outward-facing open, outward-facing occluded, and inward-facing open. Yet, a complete picture of the energy landscape of (sub)states visited along the LeuT transport cycle has been elusive. In an attempt to visualize the conformational spectrum of LeuT, we performed extensive simulations of LeuT dimer dynamics in the presence of substrate (Ala or Leu) and co-transported Na+ ions, in explicit membrane and water. We used both conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (with Anton supercomputing machine) and a recently introduced method, collective MD, that takes advantage of collective modes of motions predicted by the anisotropic network model. Free energy landscapes constructed based on ∼40 μs trajectories reveal multiple substates occluded to the extracellular (EC) and/or intracellular (IC) media, varying in the levels of exposure of LeuT to EC or IC vestibules. The IC-facing transmembrane (TM) helical segment TM1a shows an opening, albeit to a smaller extent and in a slightly different direction than that observed in the inward-facing open crystal structure. The study provides insights into the spectrum of conformational substates and paths accessible to LeuT and highlights the differences between Ala- and Leu-bound substates.
Effects of 2 Resistive Exercises on Electrophysiological Measures of Submandibular Muscle Activity

Abstract Objective To compare the electrophysiological activity in submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles during performance of 2 exercises that incorporate resistance against muscular contraction. Design Within-subject repeated-measures design. Setting Academic research laboratory. Participants Healthy, young adult women (N=26; mean age, 24.1y) without a history of dysphagia, cervical spine conditions, neurologic disease, or head/neck cancer. Interventions Participants performed 2 isometric exercises requiring contraction against resistance to the submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles: one requiring jaw opening against a semirigid brace (chin-to-chest [CtC] exercise) and one requiring a chin tuck against an air-inflated rubber ball (chin tuck against resistance [CTAR] exercise). Measures of electrophysiology using surface electromyography (sEMG) were obtained during exercise performance. Main Outcome Measures Microvolts as measured from sEMG electrode sensors placed on the skin surface above the hyolaryngeal muscles (surface of skin above geniohyoid, mylohyoid, and anterior digastric). Dependent variables included peak contraction amplitude (in μV) and mean contraction amplitude (in μV) across 10 seconds of sustained contraction. Results Significant effects of exercise on peak and mean contraction amplitudes were present when both exercises were compared with baseline sEMG activity. ( P Conclusions This study provides supporting evidence for the influence of 2 published exercises on motor unit recruitment in the submandibular hyolaryngeal muscles, both of which have been previously proposed as rehabilitative modalities. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
Radiation and concurrent temozolomide followed by rotational multi-agent chemotherapy for glioblastoma (GBM) patients

2068 Background: GBM is the most lethal type of brain tumor with a 1 yr median survival. We hypothesized that GBM patients who receive adjuvant rotational multi-agent chemotherapy (temozolomide, CC...
1-Azabenz[a]anthracene and 9-azabenz[a]anthracene

Synthese de la naphto [2,3-h] quinoleine a partir d'anthrylamine-1 et de glycerol; synthese des naphto [1,2-g]- et -[2,1-f] isoquinoleines a partir de phenanthrenecarbaldehyde-2 et du dimethylacetal de l'amino-2 acetaldehyde
Non-Tenure-Track Faculty's Social Construction of a Supportive Work Environment.

BackgroundThe number of non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF), including both full-time (FT) and part-time (PT) positions, has risen to two-thirds of faculty positions across the academy. To date, most o...
Final Remarks: Connections between Chemical and Dynamical Evolution

Dynamical processes strongly affect the chemical enrichment of gas in galaxies, so abundances in stars and the Interstellar medium can be used as probes of the dynamical history of the Galaxy. By way of tying together some diverse points, rather than summarizing the conference, I shall discuss some examples of connections between chemical and dynamical evolution. The first section of this paper mentions some of the well-known ways in which dynamical processes can affect chemical evolution, in order to outline a theoretical background to the use of abundances as clues to dynamics.
Genetic and Environmental Models of Circadian Disruption Link SRC-2 Function to Hepatic Pathology

Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental process that synchronizes behavioral cues with metabolic homeostasis. Disruption of daily cycles due to jet lag or shift work results in severe physiological consequences including advanced aging, metabolic syndrome, and even cancer. Our understanding of the molecular clock, which is regulated by intricate positive feedforward and negative feedback loops, has expanded to include an important metabolic transcriptional coregulator, Steroid Receptor Coactivator-2 (SRC-2), that regulates both the central clock of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks including the liver. We hypothesized that an environmental uncoupling of the light-dark phases, termed chronic circadian disruption (CCD), would lead to pathology similar to the genetic circadian disruption observed with loss of SRC-2 We found that CCD and ablation of SRC-2 in mice led to a common comorbidity of metabolic syndrome also found in humans with circadian disruption, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The combination of SRC-2(-/-) and CCD results in a more robust phenotype that correlates with human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) gene signatures. Either CCD or SRC-2 ablation produces an advanced aging phenotype leading to increased mortality consistent with other circadian mutant mouse models. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that SRC-2 provides an essential link between the behavioral activities influenced by light cues and the metabolic homeostasis maintained by the liver.
Oscillatory traveling wave solutions to an attractive chemotaxis system

Abstract This paper investigates oscillatory traveling wave solutions to an attractive chemotaxis system. The convective part of this system changes its type when crossing a parabola in the phase space. The oscillatory nature of the traveling wave comes from the fact that one far-field state is in the elliptic region and another in the hyperbolic region. Such traveling wave solutions are shown to be linearly unstable. Detailed construction of some traveling wave solutions is presented.
Improvement of detection and production of propionicin PLG-1, a bacteriocin produced by Propionibacterium thoenii

Propionibacterium thoenii P127 produces propionicin PLG-1 in liquid culture at relatively low concentrations and slow production rates. The goal of this study was to increase the sensitivity and reproducibility of the standard well-diffusion assay for bacteriocin activity as well as to improve production of propionicin PLG-1 under controlled conditions in a fermenter. Several conditions were varied in the well-diffusion assay. The best results were obtained with 7-mm wells cut into a 5-mm-deep base layer that contained 2.5% agar, 0.85% NaCl and 0.1 % Tween 80. Plates were incubated at room temperature for 24 h or at 37°C for 2 h before adding bacteriocin samples to the wells to aid diffusion. Larger and clearer zones of inhibition were observed when Lactobacillus delbrueckii ATCC 4797 rather than Propionibacterium acidipropionici P5 was used as indicator strain, and results could be read in 12 h. Recovery of bacteriocin from the culture supernatant was improved by adding 0.1% Tween 80 to the buffer used for dialysis and resuspension of precipitated protein. Strain P127 was grown in six different media under controlled conditions in a fermenter: 12.5% beet molasses; 9% corn steep liquor; combinations of beet molasses and corn steep liquor at 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 (vol:vol) ratios; and the standard growth medium, sodium lactate broth. Maximum production of propionicin PLG-1 was obtained in 3:1 beet molasses:corn steep liquor, and was 5 times greater than in sodium lactate broth.
1374 Effects of prophylactic supplementation with oral calcium boluses on peripartum calcium, urine pH and health in a commercial Jersey herd supplemented with anionic salts

The detrimental effects that subclinical hypocalcemia has on postpartum performance and the lack of a cow-side diagnostic tool drives researchers to focus on designing preventive management strategies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of prophylactic supplementation with oral calcium boluses after calving on postpartum calcium concentration, subclinical hypocalcemia prevalence, urine acidification, ketosis and endometritis.
Masking The Meaningful

There are obvious reasons why citizens of the nations we mark out as democracies fail to support policies that address catastrophic threats. The current condition of many such nations allows for marked differences between preferences and interests (to the extent that the choice of the label ‘democracy’ can be seriously questioned). Failures in the transmission of crucial information are intensified because of market competition among media sources and widespread difficulties in understanding issues couched in terms of probabilities. Beyond these, however, are prevalent social conditions that interfere with citizens’ abilities to discern their interests. I suggest an account of the notion of interests (and of the related concept of freedom) in terms of an environment that provides opportunities for reflective choice. Such environments are highly vulnerable, and political and economic institutions within ‘democratic’ nations can systematically destroy them. Throughout, I use the example of responses to climate change to illustrate my claims.
Surveying a Targeted Population Segment: The Effects of Endorsement on Mail Questionnaire Response Rate

This study examines mail survey response rates when endorsement by an external party accompanies survey materials. Significantly higher response rates were observed for endorsement versus the no endorsement condition. This result occurred after both the initial mailing and follow-up mailings were conducted. In addition, endorsements by locally known individuals produced higher response rates than endorsements by highly placed but less well known personnel from a national headquarters office. An increase in response rate also occurred when the endorser noted providing financial support for the survey.
The KSEA App: a web-based tool for kinase activity inference from quantitative phosphoproteomics.

Summary Computational characterization of differential kinase activity from phosphoproteomics datasets is critical for correctly inferring cellular circuitry and how signaling cascades are altered in drug treatment and/or disease. Kinase-Substrate Enrichment Analysis (KSEA) offers a powerful approach to estimating changes in a kinase's activity based on the collective phosphorylation changes of its identified substrates. However, KSEA has been limited to programmers who are able to implement the algorithms. Thus, to make it accessible to the larger scientific community, we present a web-based application of this method: the KSEA App. Overall, we expect that this tool will offer a quick and user-friendly way of generating kinase activity estimates from high-throughput phosphoproteomics datasets. Availability and Implementation the KSEA App is a free online tool: casecpb.shinyapps.io/ksea/. The source code is on GitHub: github.com/casecpb/KSEA/. The application is also available as the R package "KSEAapp" on CRAN: CRAN.R-project.org/package=KSEAapp/. Contact mark.chance@case.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Media, Influence of

Adolescents are avid media consumers. Much of who they are, how they think, and what they do is informed by what they see and hear in the media. Here trend data are summarized about how much time adolescents spend attending to various media that are created for consumption by large audiences: television, music, movies, magazines, and some parts of the Internet. The mechanisms that link media messages and adolescents’ feelings, beliefs, and actions are discussed. Scientific research is reviewed on the influence of the media on four content domains that adolescents are exposed to in the media: violence, sexual and romantic relationships, idealized body images, and risky substances, such as tobacco and alcohol. In sum, this entry provides a synopsis of what is known about what adolescents do with the media and what effects the media have on adolescents’ health and well-being.
The Effect of Computer-Assisted Reporting on Interreader Variability of Lumbar Spine MRI Degenerative Findings: Five Readers With 30 Disc Levels.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to assess differences in interreader variability among radiologists after the implementation of a computer-assisted reporting (CAR) tool for the interpretation of degenerative disc disease on lumbar spine MRI. Methods Thirty lumbar spine MRI examinations were selected from the radiology database. Five fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists evaluated each L4-L5 disc in a blinded fashion and reported the findings using a traditional free dictation approach. One month later, they reinterpreted the same discs using a web browser–based CAR tool in the same blinded fashion. The degrees of central canal stenosis, neural foraminal stenosis, and facet joint osteoarthritis; presence or absence of lateral recess stenosis; types of disc bulge or herniation; and herniation location using both methods were recorded. Percentage disagreement among the radiologists for each variable was calculated and compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results There was a statistically significant decrease among the five radiologists in percentage disagreement for neural foraminal stenosis (46% versus 35%, P = .0146) and facet joint osteoarthritis (45% and 22%, P Conclusions Implementation of a CAR tool for the interpretation of degenerative changes on lumbar spine MRI decreases interreader variability in the assessment of neural foraminal stenosis and facet joint osteoarthritis.
Electroflotation of ultrafine chalcopyrite particles with sodium oleate collector

Abstract The electroflotation behaviour of ultrafine chalcopyrite particles was investigated using a mechanically agitated cell. The use of sodium oleate as collector proved effective in the flotation of particles of average size of 5 µm. The results showed that chalcopyrite recovery increases with increasing pulp pH, and current density, but decreases with increasing pulp density. The successful flotation of chalcopyrite with oleate might be attributed to its electrochemical surface oxidation, resulting in the formation of cupric and ferric oxide species. Chemisorption of oleate ions onto oxidized chalcopyrite surface is suggested to be the main cause for the increase in chalcopyrite recovery.
Visible-light optical coherence tomography: seeing retinal functions and beyond (Conference Presentation)

The prevalence of major ophthalmic disorders such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetic retinopathy are also expected to increase as the elderly populations of Europe, China and the U.S. grow, fueling new demand for improved diagnostic and surgical systems to help physicians manage and treat these diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices currently represent the gold standard for ophthalmic diagnostics, providing high-resolution imaging and proven clinical benefit in improving the patient’s quality of life. Despite the success of OCT, however, the full potential of this imaging modality has yet to be realized. While other imaging methods such as MRI and PET have been revolutionized with the development of functional imaging (e.g. fMRI), functional OCT remains an emerging technology. Visible-light OCT (Vis-OCT) represents a cutting-edge functional OCT imaging technique that aims to dramatically improve the diagnostic capabilities and clinical benefit of OCT in ophthalmology. Vis-OCT is currently the only OCT technology capable of combining both high-resolution structural imaging (~ 1 µm) with precise measurements of metabolic activity, such as retinal oxygen saturation and retinal blood flow. Using dual band scanning with visible light and NIR light wavelengths, Vis-OCT represents a next generation functional OCT tool with the potential to fundamentally change how ophthalmologist use OCT in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of numerous major ocular disorders.
Abstract 313: Loss of Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome

Objectives: Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a chronic vascular disease and the 15th leading cause of death in the US. TAA can result from a genetic disorder such as Marfan syndrome (MFS). MFS pat...
Polytypism in columnar group 14 halide salts: structures of (Et2NH2)3Pb3X9 x nH2O (X = Cl, Br) and (beta-alaninium)2SnI4.

The crystal structures of three hybrid organoammonium metal halide salts composed of edge-sharing MX6 octahedra have been determined. The genesis of these structures can be traced to the parent hexagonal MX2 structure via dimensional reduction and recombination arguments. The structures of (Et2NH2)3Pb3X9·nH2O (X = Br, I) contain unique columnar (Pb3X9)n3n- structures, built up of edge-shared PbX6 octahedra. The interaction of the Et2NH2+ cations with the parent PbX2 structures leads to a rearrangement of the lattice into the observed columnar structure. Groups of six Et2NH2+ cations are hydrogen bonded to these columns, girdling them at their narrowest points. These hydrogen bonds contribute to the formation of the zigzag nature of the columnar inorganic framework. The resultant structures are recombinate analogues (polytypes) of the (Pb3X9)n3n- stacks that would be obtained by the dimensional reduction process of the parent layer PbX2 structure into simple edge-shared ribbons of PbX6 octahedra. These str...
Wavelet Tree Parsing with Freeform Lensing

We propose an architecture for adaptive sensing of images by progressively measuring its wavelet coefficients. Our approach, commonly referred to as wavelet tree parsing, adaptively selects the specific wavelet coefficients to be sensed by modeling the children of dominant coefficients to be dominant themselves. A key challenge for practical implementation of this technique is that the wavelet patterns, especially at finer scales, occupy a tiny portion of the field of view and, hence, the resulting measurements have very poor light levels and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). To address this, we propose a novel imaging architecture that uses a phase-only spatial light modulator as a freeform lens to concentrate a light source and create the wavelet patterns. This ensures that the SNR of measurements remain constant across different spatial scales. Using a lab prototype, we demonstrate successful reconstruction on a wide range of real scenes and show that concentrating illumination enables us to outperform non-adaptive techniques as well as adaptive techniques based on traditional projectors.
A 13.6-16Gb/s Wireline Transceiver with Dicode Encoding and Sequence Detection Decoding for Equalizing 24.2dB with 2.56pJ/bit in 65nm CMOS

This work presents an alternative strategy for communicating on bandwidth limited wireline channels without using conventional equalizers (FFE, DFE, CTLE): Dicode encoding and sequence detection decoding technique for low-bandwidth FR-4 channels. The key observation is that dicode-encoded data have no consecutive 1s or -1s. With this known information, the sequence detector at the receiver can correct errors due to inter-symbol interference. Implemented in 65nm CMOS, the proposed highly digital encoding and decoding approach can compensate for up to 24.2dB and 21.4dB loss with 2.56pJ/bit and 2.66pJ/bit efficiency while operating at 13.6Gb/s and 16Gb/s, respectively.
PAVED: Perturbation Analysis for Verification of Energy Data

Sensor integrity is arguably the most critical feature to protect in cyber-physical systems. Since power systems are cyber-physical systems with ubiquitous sensors that monitor and protect the grid, data must be trustworthy. Process safety and control decisions ultimately depend on data. The focus of this paper is how to design and apply perturbation based detection for sensor verification, under full AC unobservable false data injection (AU-FDI) attacks, by combining an active probing strategy with cyber-side data based on the cyber-physical situational awareness model CyPSA. A case study on a cyber-physical eight substation model is presented, where we construct an AU-FDI attack and introduce our probing-based detection solution and evaluate it with varying probe signals, values, and locations. Results demonstrate how sensor data in power systems can be systematically authenticated using perturbation-based techniques and how different perturbation types and locations affect the results. The case study then demonstrates the improvements to verification by using both physical and cyber data, as CyPSA provides risk prioritization in the form of authenticity weight measure of the sensors, for enhancing the security of power systems from a cyber-physical point of view.
Partitioning using second-order information and stochastic-gain functions

A probability-based partitioning algorithm, PROP, was introduced in [5] that achieved large improvements over traditional “deterministic” iterative-improvement techniques like FM [7] and LA [10]. While PROP's gain function has a greater futuristic component than FM or LA, it incorporates spatially local information—only information on the removal probabilities of adjacent nets of a cell is used in its gain computation. This prevents a higher-level view of non-local structures. Also, giving uniform weights to all nets, results in an inability to differentiate between the futuristic benefit of removing one net from another. In this paper, we present a more sophisticated partitioner DEEP-PROP that incorporates more non-local (second-order) structural information than PROP. The second-order information is incorporated into cell gains as well as variable net weights—the latter helps to focus future cell moves in a cluster around the currently moved cell and thus better utilizes the information that led to its selection. A lower-complexity version, VAR-PROP, that also uses dynamically assigned variable net weights, but based on first-order information, has also been developed. Both versions yield significant improvements over PROP on the ACM/SIGDA benchmark suite. DEEP-PROP yields mincut improvements of as much as 39% for large circuits and an average improvement of 20% over all circuits; it is about 3.8 times slower than PROP, which is very fast. VAR-PROP, which has a much lower computational complexity than DEEP-PROP, yields maximum and average mincut improvements over PROP of 27% and 12%, respectively, while being only about 1.14 times slower.
Towards a Cultural Analysis: The Need for Ethnography in Interpretation Research:

The author examines a decade of interpretation research and focuses on the limited amount of qualitative research available, especially ethnographic. This highlights a trend in which there is a sub...
Perceptual consequences of pauses: Credibility and fluency of native and non-native speech

Silent pauses are a natural part of speech and impact perception of speech. However, it is unclear how foreign accentedness influences perception of pauses. Specifically, studies have shown mixed results regarding whether listeners process pauses in native and non-native speech similarly or differently. A possible explanation for these results is that perceptual consequences of pauses differ depending on the type of processing that listeners engage in: a focus on the content/meaning of the speech versus characteristics/form of the speech. Thus, the present study examines the effect of silent pauses on listeners' perception of native and non-native speech in two different tasks, examining perceived credibility of the information conveyed in the speech, and perceived fluency of the speech. Specifically, we ask whether characteristics of silent pauses (e.g., presence or absence of a pause; syntactic location of a pause) influence listeners' perception differently for native versus non-native speech, and whether this pattern differs for perceived credibility and fluency. The results help us better understand how disfluency and foreign accent together impact listeners' perception. Further, this provides insight for how perceptual consequences of certain acoustic properties of the speech differ depending on how listeners are asked to evaluate the speech.
Keeping Your Friends Close, but Acquaintances Closer: Why Weakly Allied States Make Committed Coalition Partners:

Why do states join wartime coalitions despite the absence of a salient threat or strong ties to the coalition leader? We argue states make unexpectedly high contributions to coalition warfare as a ...
Measuring How People View Biomedical Research: A Reliability and Validity Analysis of the Research Attitude Questionnaire

With increasing numbers of studies on research ethics and a need to improve the recruitment of research subjects, the ability to measure attitudes toward biomedical research has become important. The Research Attitudes Questionnaire is a significant predictor of the public's attitudes toward and willingness to participate in research, yet limited data are available on its psychometric properties. This study establishes the scale's internal consistency and dimensionality using a large Internet-based sample from the United States. One item was removed due to a poor item-total correlation, and three additional items were removed which formed a reverse-wording measurement artifact factor. With improved internal consistency and dimensionality, the seven-item version has the advantages of shorter administration time and improved psychometric properties.
EM/Power Side-Channel Attack: White-Box Modeling and Signature Attenuation Countermeasures

Editor’s notes: This article presents analysis methods to pin-point the cause of sidechannel leakage in integrated circuits and proposes a number of techniques for leakage attenuation. — Rosario Cammarota, Intel Labs — Francesco Regazzoni, University of Amsterdam and Universita della Svizzera Italiana
A Misguided yet Informative Approach

The idea of enhancing our moral capacities by means of biotechnological intervention has attracted much attention in recent years. In the current issue of AJOB Neuroscience, Jorge Fabiano (2021) pr...
Machine learning analysis of phage oxidation for rapid verification of wash water sanitation

Abstract The current approaches for process verification during sanitation of fresh produce and other minimally processed products are limited to point measurements of sanitizer concentration at discrete locations and lack rapid biological measurements to assess effectiveness of sanitation. To address this gap, this study evaluates immobilized T7 phage on anodisc membrane as a surrogate for process verification. Fourier Transform nfrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results suggested that both chlorine and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) caused phage DNA damage and protein oxidation. The Gradient Boosting lgorithm was employed to develop predictive model for sanitizer concentration levels and Escherichia coli O157:H7 inactivation. The machine learning model predicted both the effective sanitizer concentration level and bacterial reduction with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) values between 0.86 and 0.93. Overall, this study identified spectral measurement of phage particles in combination with machine learning approach as an effective tool for process verification.
The spatial signal in area LIP is not an obligatory correlate of perceptual evidence during informed saccadic choices

The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) contains spatially selective neurons that are partly responsible for determining where to look next and are thought to serve a variety of sensory, motor planning, and cognitive control functions within this role1,2,3. Notably, according to numerous studies in monkeys4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, area LIP implements a fundamental perceptual process, the gradual accumulation of sensory evidence in favor of one choice (e.g., look left) over another (look right), which manifests as a slowly developing spatial signal during a motion discrimination task. However, according to recent inactivation experiments13,14, this signal is unnecessary for accurate task performance. Here we reconcile these contradictory findings. We designed an urgent version of the motion discrimination task in which there is no systematic lag between the perceptual evaluation and the motor action reporting it, and such that the evolution of the subject’s choice can be tracked millisecond by millisecond15,16,17,18. We found that while choice accuracy increased steeply with increasing sensory evidence, at the same time, the spatial selection signal in LIP became progressively weaker, as if it hindered performance. In contrast, in a similarly urgent task in which the discriminated stimuli and the choice targets were spatially coincident, this neural signal seemed to facilitate performance. The data suggest that the LIP activity traditionally interpreted as evidence accumulation may correspond to a slow, post-decision shift of spatial attention from one location (where the motion occurs) to another (where the eyes land).
Automated, Multistep Continuous-Flow Synthesis of 2,6-Dideoxy and 3-Amino-2,3,6-trideoxy Monosaccharide Building Blocks.

An automated continuous flow system capable of producing protected deoxy-sugar donors from commercial material is described. Four 2,6-dideoxy and two 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy sugars with orthogonal protecting groups were synthesized in 11-32 % overall yields in 74-131.5 minutes of total reaction time. Several of the reactions were able to be concatenated into a continuous process, avoiding the need for chromatographic purification of intermediates. The modular nature of the experimental setup allowed for reaction streams to be split into different lines for the parallel synthesis of multiple donors. Further, the continuous flow processes were fully automated and described through the design of an open-source Python-controlled automation platform.
Preservice teachers' self-ratings of their competencies to teach in inclusive general education classrooms

Iowa State University currently offers two different and distinct preservice teacher preparation programs. The traditional program reflects a more conventional way of conveying important theoretical knowledge and necessary skills to preservice students. This traditional program consists of individual course requirements coupled with practicum experiences at strategic points in the curriculum. The new megamethods curriculum creates a unique blend between university coursework and practical experience in general education classrooms. Preservice teachers involved with this curriculum spend a larger percentage of their university class time within a general education classroom. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if preservice teachers at Iowa State University felt competent to teach in inclusive general education classrooms as they sequentially completed their individual curriculum coursework. In addition, this study examined preservice teachers' ratings, from both curricula, in regard to their ratings of sensitivity toward the needs of children in the general education classroom who have differing learning abilities. The study utilized a non-static comparison group design and data was collected at the end of each methods course in the spring, 1996. The instrument used to measure preservice teacher ratings of their competencies to teach in inclusive classrooms was the Inclusive Classroom Teacher Behavior Rating Scale. This survey instrument contained items, or behaviors, the literature reported were necessary to implement in order to be successful in inclusive classrooms. Results indicated preservice teachers completing the megamethods curriculum rated themselves as more prepared to teach in inclusive classrooms than preservice teachers enrolled in the traditional curriculum. Limitations and implications of this study are also discussed.