cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of two new regions in the N‐terminus of cardiac troponin T that have divergent effects on cardiac contractile function

Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) has a highly acidic extended N-terminus, the physiological role of which remains poorly understood. To decipher the physiological role of this unique region, we deleted specific regions within the N-terminus of mouse cTnT (McTnT) to create McTnT1-44Δ and McTnT45-74Δ proteins. Contractile function and dynamic force–length measurements were made after reconstituting the McTnT deletion proteins into detergent-skinned cardiac papillary fibres harvested from non-transgenic mice that expressed α-tropomyosin (Tm). To further understand how the functional effects of the N-terminus of cTnT are modulated by Tm isoforms, McTnT deletion proteins were reconstituted into detergent-skinned cardiac papillary fibres harvested from transgenic mice that expressed both α- and β-Tm. McTnT1-44Δ, but not McTnT45-74Δ, attenuated maximal activation of the thin filament. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, as measured by pCa50 (−log of [Ca2+]free required for half-maximal activation), decreased in McTnT1-44Δ (α-Tm) fibres. The desensitizing effect of McTnT1-44Δ on pCa50 was ablated in β-Tm fibres. McTnT45-74Δ enhanced pCa50 in both α- and β-Tm fibres, with β-Tm having a bigger effect. The Hill coefficient of tension development was significantly attenuated by McTnT45-74Δ, suggesting an effect on thin-filament cooperativity. The rate of cross-bridge (XB) detachment and the strained XB-mediated impact on other XBs were augmented by McTnT1-44Δ in β-Tm fibres. The magnitude of the length-mediated recruitment of XBs was attenuated by McTnT1-44Δ in β-Tm fibres. Our data demonstrate that the 1−44 region of McTnT is essential for maximal activation, whereas the cardiac-specific 45−74 region of McTnT is essential for augmenting cooperativity. Moreover, our data show that α- and β-Tm isoforms have divergent effects on McTnT deletion mutant's ability to modulate cardiac thin-filament activation and Ca2+ sensitivity. Our results not only provide the first explicit evidence for the existence of two distinct functional regions within the N-terminus of cTnT, but also offer mechanistic insights into the divergent physiological roles of these regions in mediating cardiac contractile activation.
A Partial Empirical Likelihood Based Score Test Under a Semiparametric Finite Mixture Model

We propose a score statistic to test the null hypothesis that the two-component density functions are equal under a semiparametric finite mixture model. The proposed score test is based on a partial empirical likelihood function under an I-sample semiparametric model. The proposed score statistic has an asymptotic chi-squared distribution under the null hypothesis and an asymptotic noncentral chi-squared distribution under local alternatives to the null hypothesis. Moreover, we show that the proposed score test is asymptotically equivalent to a partial empirical likelihood ratio test and a Wald test. We present some results on a simulation study.
Vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of the retro-carotenoid rhodoxanthin in avian plumage, solid-state films, and solution.

Rhodoxanthin is one of few retro-carotenoids in nature. These chromophores are defined by a pattern of single and double bond alternation that is reversed relative to most carotenoids. Rhodoxanthin is found in the plumage of several families of birds, including fruit doves (Ptilinopus, Columbidae) and the red cotingas (Phoenicircus, Cotingidae). The coloration associated with the rhodoxanthin-containing plumage of these fruit dove and cotinga species ranges from brilliant red to magenta or purple. In the present study, rhodoxanthin is characterized in situ by UV–Vis reflectance and resonance Raman spectroscopy to gain insights into the mechanisms of color-tuning. The spectra are compared with those of the isolated pigment in solution and in thin solid films. Key vibrational signatures are identified for three isomers of rhodoxanthin, primarily in the fingerprint region. Electronic structure (DFT) calculations are employed to describe the normal modes of vibration, and determine characteristic modes of retro-carotenoids. These results are discussed in the context of various mechanisms that change the electronic absorption, including structural distortion of the chromophore or enhanced delocalization of π-electrons in the ground-state. From the spectroscopic evidence, we suggest that the shift in absorption is likely a consequence of perturbations that primarily affect the excited state of the chromophore.
Rapid increases in the proton and electron fluxes in the magnetosphere

Time histories of intensities and spectra for low energy electrons and protons in magnetosphere
Jonson's Joyless Economy: Theorizing Motivation and Pleasure in Volpone

AbstractDeparting from a tradition of expedient, often pious, interpretations of Volpone as a straightforward fable of avarice, miserliness, and material misappropriation, this essay takes a fresh look at old Volp's actions in the light of radical reconsiderations of consumer motivation by the contemporary economist, Tibor Scitovsky. Scitovsky's The Joyless Economy broke with conventional economic doxa by asking whether modern consumer behavior was in fact irrational, and, further, whether Americans are encouraged to pursue styles of life that foster ennui. Applying the Scitovskian paradigm to another commodity culture, Volpone's seventeenth‐century Venice, forces us to confront an aspect of the play most usually finessed: the joy of gulling. Volpone, and early modern city comedy more generally, offers us a chance to examine the multi‐faceted response of individuals in the early Seventeenth Century coming to terms with Europe's expanding commercial scene and the commodity culture to which the playhouse re...
The 'Rationality' of the Long Distance Runner: Prospect Theory and the Marathon

We examine whether marathon runners exhibit behavior consistent with the assumptions of prospect theory. We test whether round number finishing times (three hours, four hours, etc.) are used as reference points and whether runners increase their effort at the end of the race to avoid the “loss” of missing the reference point. While we find that all runners exhibit evidence of reference dependence and loss aversion with regard to the hypothesized reference points, we find that males act more in line with the predictions of prospect theory than females. First, we find more extreme bunching of finish times at round numbers in the male distribution. We also find that males are more likely than females to speed up when doing so will help them meet a round number finish time. We then investigate whether Boston Marathon qualifying times are used as reference points for “elite” runners. In contrast to our results for round number finishing times, we find that elite female runners act in a similar manner to elite males and exert similar effort at the end of the race to meet these reference points. This suggests that females who endure the training to become elite runners have similar competitive profiles to males.
The newer fluoroquinolones

This article discusses the newer fluoroquinolones in detail with respect to their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and spectrum of in vitro activity. The newer agents are compared and contrasted with the older ones, particularly ciprofloxacin. Efficacy of the newer fluoroquinolones when compared with antimicrobial agents in other classes is also presented in detail. Appropriate use of the newer fluoroquinolones is addressed, including their ever expanding role in the treatment of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and skin and soft tissue infection. Available data on the use of the newer fluoroquinolones in the management of genitourinary tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and osteomyelitis are also discussed.
High density lipoprotein metabolism is altered by dietary cholesterol but not fat saturation in guinea pigs

To study dietary fat and cholesterol effects on plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and rates of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I catabolism, guinea pigs were fed 15% (wt/wt) lard- or corn oil-based diets with 0.01% (basal), 0.08%, 0.17% or 0.33% cholesterol. Absorbed dietary cholesterol provided 6%, 50%, 100% and 200%, respectively, of the daily endogenous cholesterol synthetic mass. While total plasma cholesterol concentrations increased significantly above basal levels at the 0.17% and 0.33% cholesterol intakes, plasma apo E-free HDL (EoHDL) cholesterol concentrations did not increase significantly until the 0.33% cholesterol level (P < 0.001). Fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of injected [131I]-apo A-I were not altered by dietary treatment, either fat saturation or cholesterol, but were inversely correlated with plasma EoHDL cholesterol levels (r = -0.622), suggestive of a regulatory role of turnover rates on HDL cholesterol levels independent of dietary treatment. Analysis of the high affinity EoHDL binding to isolated hepatic membranes suggested that hepatic binding was not a determinant of HDL catabolism, as dietary cholesterol-induced decreases in Bmax (binding capacity) were not correlated with changes in apo A-I FCR. Even though dietary cholesterol was associated with increased plasma EoHDL cholesterol and with decreased HDL binding protein Bmax, these values did not correlate with each other nor with effects on apo A-I FCR.
Novel in-situ doped polysilicon emitter process with buried diffusion source (BDS)

An in-situ doped polysilicon emitter process for very shallow and narrow emitter formation and minimum emitter resistance is presented. An in-situ doped film was imbedded between two undoped poly spacer layers as a buried diffusion source (BDS) to reduce the emitter resistance and to form a high-quality poly/monosilicon interface. Transistors with an emitter area of 0.25 mu m*0.25 mu m and with nearly ideal I-V characteristics were fabricated. A cutoff frequency of 53 GHz and a minimum ECL gate delay of 26 ps were achieved using BDS poly emitter transistors with an emitter area of 0.35 mu m*4.0 mu m. >
Social Movement Theories and Alternative Media: An Evaluation and Critique

The urgent need for a dialogue about concepts Social movements matter the constructive ones, the dangerous ones, and the confused ones. Their study has taken on considerable life over the past 20–25 years, beginning with the ‘‘resource mobilization/rational actor’’ and the ‘‘New Social Movements’’ schools, and continuing on with the current ‘‘Contentious Politics’’ network, along with studies of solidarity movements (Giugni & Passy, 2001), social networks and movements (Diani & McAdam, 2003), and transnational social movements (Keck & Sikkink, 1998). The journals Social Movement Studies and Mobilization are significant though not exclusive fora for debate on these issues. The global social justice movement and religious revival movements have been two major contemporary spurs to these analyses.
Nest Site Selection and Breeding Success in Large Australian Honeyeaters: Are There Benefits from Being Different?

that have a good view of their surroundings. Neither species showed a relationship between nest success and nest height, horizontal distance from the base of the tree, nest tree height and trunk diameter or nest conspicuousness. Noisy Friarbird nests in E. blakelyi, although chosen most frequently, were less successful than those in other tree species and nests around mean height were less often successful than those higher or lower. The difference in nest locations between the species and diversity of nest sites chosen within each species could reduce the chance of a nest predator developing search images for specific nest locations. The suggestion that Noisy Friarbird nests in less common locations are more likely to be successful supports this hypothesis. Nests at the edge of the habitat patch and near tracks used by humans did not differ in their success rate from nests in the centre of the patch or away from tracks.
Recent developments in liver pathology

Progress in liver histopathology continues to be made, as evidenced by recent publications in all areas of hepatobiliary disease. Multinucleated giant hepatocytes, known to be associated with autoimmune and drug hepatitis, now have been seen in chronic hepatitis C with or without HIV infection and in patients with infection by human herpesvirus-6A. The new term Mallory-Denk body (formerly the Mallory body) recognizes the substantial contributions to this field by Professor Helmut Denk of Austria. The problems of fatty liver and hepatic iron overload have been addressed in studies highlighting their complex pathogenesis. Genomic and immunohistochemical analysis of liver tumors provides important diagnostic information, particularly regarding the use of glypican-3 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Double-Difference Tomography: The Method and Its Application to the Hayward Fault, California

We have developed a double-difference (DD) seismic tomography method that makes use of both absolute and relative arrival times. By reducing systematic errors using the more accurate relative arrival times, the method produces an improved velocity model. Simultaneously, it yields event locations of a quality equivalent to those of the DD location method, while avoiding simplifying assumptions of that method. We test this method on a synthetic dataset and find that it produces a more accurate velocity model and event locations than standard tomography. We also test this method on a Hayward fault, California, earthquake dataset spanning 1984–1998. The earthquakes relocated by this method collapse to a thin line along the fault trace, consistent with previous results. The DD velocity model has sharper velocity contrasts near the source region than the standard tomography model.
RapidSmith: Do-It-Yourself CAD Tools for Xilinx FPGAs

Creating CAD tools for commercial FPGAs is a difficult task. Closed proprietary device databases and unsupported interfaces are largely to blame for the lack of CAD research found on commercial architectures versus hypothetical architectures. This paper formally introduces RapidSmith, a new set of tools and APIs that enable CAD tool creation for Xilinx FPGAs. Based on the Xilinx Design Language (XDL), RapidSmith provides a compact, yet, fast device database with hundreds of APIs that enable the creation of placers, routers and several other tools for Xilinx devices. RapidSmith alleviates several of the difficulties of using XDL and this work demonstrates the kinds of research facilitated by removing such challenges.
Cell Surface Antigen – Manganese‐Binding Protein MntC from Staphylococcus Aureus

MntC is the metal-binding protein component of the Mn2+-specific MntABC transporter from the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. MntC orthologs are found in all Gram positive bacteria, the protein is attached to the bacterial membrane through a lipid anchor and captures Mn2+ ion from the environment with high affinity for subsequent transport across the transmembrane channel of the transporter. MntC consists of two homologous domains connected through a long ‘backbone’ α-helix, with a metal-binding site located at the interface of those domains. The long α-helix restricts domain mobility, making it harder for the bound ligand (Mn2+) to escape the binding site and, correspondingly, increasing the metal-binding affinity of the protein. The physiological role of Mn2+ binding by MntC in bacterial resistance to oxidative stress is well documented. MntC is also able to bind other divalent metals (Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cd2+), although it is not yet clear whether this has any biological relevance. Binding of divalent metals to the protein can be reversible and irreversible, depending on the nature of the metal. X-ray data provide a plausible explanation for the two binding modes: the X-ray structure contains two molecules in the asymmetric unit, with the metal-binding site being solvent accessible in one molecule and inaccessible in the other. Serum antibodies to MntC (or orthologs of MntC) are detected following exposure to staphylococcal species in animal models as well as in human sera from patients with S. aureus infections. Immunization with a recombinant expressed MntC protein antigen induces protective immunity against S. aureus in preclinical models of infection. As such, MntC is a promising vaccine candidate and is currently being tested in human clinical trials as a component of a multiantigen vaccine for the prevention of staphylococcal infections. 3D Structure 3D structure of S. aureus MntC (PDB code 4K3V). The figure is rendered using Accelrys Discovery Studio Visualizer 2.5. The N-terminal domain of the protein is shown in red, the C-terminal domain is shown in green, and the connecting ‘backbone’ α-helix is shown in orange. The Mn2+ ion in the binding site is shaded in purple. Two orientations of the molecule are shown. Keywords: MntC; manganese; X-ray crystallography; metal binding; DSC; ITC; S. aureus; vaccine
Two decades of vegetation change on terraces of a south Texas river

Abstract J. K. Bush, F. A. Richter (Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249), and O. W. Van Auken (Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249). Two decades of vegetation change on terraces of a south Texas river. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 133(2): 280–288. 2006.—A chronosequence of stands on floodplain terraces of the San Antonio River in south Texas was sampled in 1983 and resampled in 2003. The youngest resampled stand, an early successional stage originally 19 yrs of age, was an open Acacia farnesiana (huisache) woodland. After 20 yrs this stand was a mid- successional A. farnesiana—Celtis laevigata (Texas sugarberry) woodland, and demonstrated a decrease in A. farnesiana density from 427 plants ha−1 to 167 plants ha−1 and an increase of C. laevigata density from zero plants ha−1 to 860 plants ha−1. The 25 yr old stands were originally mid-successional A. farnesiana woodlands. After 20 yrs, A....
Who You Gonna Foul? How Players in the NBA Legally Deter Fouls

This paper addresses how players in the National Basketball Association can successfully reduce the number of times they are fouled. By committing fouls in basketball, one is essentially committing a crime. These criminals engage in rational economic decision making when choosing whether or not to foul an opponent. In doing so, I argue that they respond to incentives. Players who are better able to prevent a good outcome from fouls (reduced points) are fouled less than players who are less able to do so. This research has broader implications into the world of crime, namely that individual people are able to deter criminal acts committed against them on their own by investing in capital, which reduces the payoff of committing a crime against them.
Systematic Parameterization of Monovalent Ions Employing the Nonbonded Model.

Monovalent ions play fundamental roles in many biological processes in organisms. Modeling these ions in molecular simulations continues to be a challenging problem. The 12–6 Lennard-Jones (LJ) nonbonded model is widely used to model monovalent ions in classical molecular dynamics simulations. A lot of parameterization efforts have been reported for these ions with a number of experimental end points. However, some reported parameter sets do not have a good balance between the two Lennard-Jones parameters (the van der Waals (VDW) radius and potential well depth), which affects their transferability. In the present work, via the use of a noble gas curve we fitted in former work (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2013, 9, 2733), we reoptimized the 12–6 LJ parameters for 15 monovalent ions (11 positive and 4 negative ions) for three extensively used water models (TIP3P, SPC/E, and TIP4PEW). Since the 12–6 LJ nonbonded model performs poorly in some instances for these ions, we have also parameterized the 12–6–4 LJ-type...
On the Principal Task for Building the Marxist Learning Party

In the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Several Important Issues Considering the Reinforcement and Improvement of Party Construction under the New Situation,the work of boosting sinification,modernization and popularization of Marxism is regarded as the principal task for building the Marxist learning party.It is the principal content of our party mastering and exerting all scientific new thoughts,new knowledge and new experiences;it is the principal factor for carrying out "the four basic requirements" of Marxist learning party;and it becomes the first principle for probing into and answering "the four important questions".
Inhibitory effect of lactobillus in vitro on growth of Candida albicans

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of lactobillus on inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans in vitro.METHODS C.albicans mixed with Lactobillus acidphillus,Lactobillus casei,Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus brevis one by one for culture,the change of the Gram stain and the number of colony forming unit change of candida albicans after culture was observed.RESULTS The mixture culture revealed that Lactobillus acidphillus had the most inhibitory effect on the growth on candida albican in MRS medium.Morphologically,there were obvious changes to the cell wall and cytoplasm of Candida albicans after growth inhibition.After addition of lactobillus acidphillus to MRS medium,the number of colony forming units of candida albicans were decreased from(11.62±2.68)×103 CFU/ml to(4.23±0.63)×103 CFU/ml(P0.01).CONCLUSION Lactobillus acidphillus can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans and destroy its normal structure.
Experimental Infection of Calves by Two Genetically-Distinct Strains of Rift Valley Fever Virus

Recent outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in ruminant livestock, characterized by mass abortion and high mortality rates in neonates, have raised international interest in improving vaccine control strategies. Previously, we developed a reliable challenge model for sheep that improves the evaluation of existing and novel vaccines in sheep. This sheep model demonstrated differences in the pathogenesis of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection between two genetically-distinct wild-type strains of the virus, Saudi Arabia 2001 (SA01) and Kenya 2006 (Ken06). Here, we evaluated the pathogenicity of these two RVFV strains in mixed breed beef calves. There was a transient increase in rectal temperatures with both virus strains, but this clinical sign was less consistent than previously reported with sheep. Three of the five Ken06-infected animals had an early-onset viremia, one day post-infection (dpi), with viremia lasting at least three days. The same number of SA01-infected animals developed viremia at 2 dpi, but it only persisted through 3 dpi in one animal. The average virus titer for the SA01-infected calves was 1.6 logs less than for the Ken06-infected calves. Calves, inoculated with either strain, seroconverted by 5 dpi and showed time-dependent increases in their virus-neutralizing antibody titers. Consistent with the results obtained in the previous sheep study, elevated liver enzyme levels, more severe liver pathology and higher virus titers occurred with the Ken06 strain as compared to the SA01 strain. These results demonstrate the establishment of a virulent challenge model for vaccine evaluation in calves.
Drugs most effective in the control of epilepsy.

The goal of anticonvulsant therapy is threefold: freedom from seizures, freedom from medication, and freedom from the doctor. Good control of seizures can be achieved in 85 to 90 per cent of cases of epilepsy with the armamentarium available at present, but there is a need for new agents with a broader spectrum to help those patients whose seizures are unaffected.The principal drugs used today are barbiturates, hydantoinates, oxazolidines, succinimides and pyrimidines, but the field of anticonvulsant therapy is expanding rapidly and new preparations are in the investigational stage. There are special indications and contraindications for the various drugs in the various type of seizures
Reducing logic encryption overhead through gate level key insertion

Integrated circuits (ICs) are used in fields such as banking, transportation, energy, health, and the military. However, the use of ICs in many applications is threatened by an increasing reliance on untrusted third-parties within the IC design flow. The result is a growing concern for IC reliability and security, with threats that include IC counterfeiting, intellectual property (IP) theft, IC overproduction, and the insertion of hardware Trojans. An area of research aimed at ensuring the reliability and security of ICs in critical applications is logic encryption. While the security of an IC is increased when using logic encryption, current methods such as the XOR or look-up table (LUT) techniques have high per-gate overheads in area, performance, and power. A reduction in the per-gate overhead permits the use of logic encryption in a wider range of applications. Novel gate level designs for logic encryption are described in this paper, resulting in reduced overhead in power, area, and performance as compared to the XOR or LUT based techniques. With the proposed gate level technique, encrypting an AND gate results in a power reduction of 43.2%, an estimated area reduction of 19.8%, and a performance increase of 46.9% in comparison to the XOR based implementation of the encrypted AND.
Lascasianismo (y lucha de clases) en Tungsteno de César Vallejo

AbstractTungsteno (1931) de Cesar Vallejo es un texto “puente” entre el indigenismo tradicional y la novela proletaria emergente en la zona andina. El “problema del indio” y la “lucha de clases” estan ligadas por una perspectiva “lascasiana” que reduce a los personajes a comportamientos binarios que se excluyen mutuamente: buenos o malos, victimas o explotadores. Tungsteno es eficaz cuando – siguiendo el esquema lascasiano – muestra cuadros aislados de explotacion e injusticia. Pero su ideologia y estrategia textual tienen limitaciones para ser considerada la obra revolucionaria que muchos pretenden. Por un lado, porque el indio solo es “indio,” falla en la construccion de una identidad indigena contestataria y alternativa basada en diferencias culturales y etnicas. Y, en el caso de la representacion de los mineros, al resaltar la figura de Servando Huanca subsume la lucha de clases al comportamiento de un individuo ejemplar. Este sesgo narrativo determina la ausencia de la accion colectiva de los obreros...
Quantitative analysis of deadenylation-independent mRNA decay by a modified MBRACE assay

Endonuclease cleavage is the rate-limiting step in the decay of nonsense-containing human β-globin mRNA in erythroid cells. The 5'-truncated intermediates thus generated are polyadenylated and more stable than the parent mRNA. Northern blotting is commonly used to measure the decay rate of full-length mRNA, and S1 nuclease protection is used to assay the fate of decay intermediates. We have adapted the more sensitive and facile MBRACE assay (Lasham et al., Nucleic Acids Res 38: e19, 2010) to quantitatively monitor the decay process by detecting full-length β-globin and its decay intermediates.
Study and design of a hybrid electric vehicle (Lithium Batteries-PEM FC)

Abstract Nowadays, increasingly stringent directives in the transport sector open interesting possibilities for the development of new traction technologies based on electrochemical storage and fuel cells, that are characterized by some limitations: the electrochemical storage systems have a limited range while fuel cells have not a proper response capability for very variable load demands. With the aim to realize a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) able to increase range of autonomy, CNR ITAE has designed a minibus (Class B-Category M3) having an electric motor of 40 kW powered by a polymeric fuel cell system of 20 kW and a lithium battery system of 70 kWh. The study is focused on evaluation of the hybrid propulsion system performance in different operating conditions. In particular, powertrain configuration and energy management strategies have been studied to optimize the efficiency of the HEV, overcoming the limitations of these technologies, reducing energy losses and increasing range of the vehicle. Tests on the road have been conducted and energy production and consumption of the vehicle have been logged.
PCR+ In Diesel Fuels and Emissions Research

In past work for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), PCR+ was developed as an alternative methodology for building statistical models. PCR+ is an extension of Principal Components Regression (PCR), in which the eigenvectors resulting from Principal Components Analysis (PCA) are used as predictor variables in regression analysis. The work was motivated by the observation that most heavy-duty diesel (HDD) engine research was conducted with test fuels that had been ''concocted'' in the laboratory to vary selected fuel properties in isolation from each other. This approach departs markedly from the real world, where the reformulation of diesel fuels for almost any purpose leads to changes in a number of interrelated properties. In this work, we present new information regarding the problems encountered in the conventional approach to model-building and how the PCR+ method can be used to improve research on the relationship between fuel characteristics and engine emissions. We also discuss how PCR+ can be applied to a variety of other research problems related to diesel fuels.
Hip Arthroplasty for Fracture vs Elective Care: One Bundle Does Not Fit All.

Abstract Background To quantify how baseline differences in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for fracture vs elective care potentially lead to significant differences in immediate health care outcomes and whether these differences affect feasibility of current bundled payment models. Methods New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database for the years 2000-2014. Results A total of 76,654 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty between 2010 and 2014; 82.8% of the sample was for elective care and 17.2% for fracture-related etiology. Fracture patients were significantly older, more likely to be female, Caucasian, reimbursed by Medicare, and receive general anesthesia. Comorbidity burden and postoperative complications were significantly higher in the fracture group, and hospital charges were significantly greater for fracture patients as compared with those of the elective cohort. Conclusion Patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for fracture care are significantly older and have more medical comorbidities than patients treated on an elective basis, leading to more in-hospital complications, greater length of stay, increased hospital costs, and significantly more hospital readmissions. The present bundled payment system, even with the recent modification, still unfairly penalizes hospitals that manage fracture patients and has the potential to incentivize hospitals to defer providing definitive surgical management for these patients. Future amendments to the bundled payment system should consider further separating hip arthroplasty patients based on etiology and comorbidities, allowing for a more accurate reflection of these distinct patient groups.
Utility of GATA3 in the differential diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.

Aims GATA3 is a relatively new immunohistochemical marker which shows consistent nuclear expression in a variety of tumors, including breast and urothelial carcinoma. The staining pattern of GATA3 in adrenal lesions is not well established. We aim to describe the expression of GATA3 in adrenal tumors and determine if there is differential staining between pheochromocytoma and adrenal cortical carcinoma. Methods and results A retrospective search was performed to identify 74 adrenal lesions which were immunohistochemically tested for GATA3 expression. GATA3 was negative in 90% of adrenal cortical carcinoma. In contrast, pheochromocytomas were frequently positive (71%) including benign pheochromocytoma, pheochromocytoma with features concerning for malignancy, malignant (metastatic) pheochromocytoma, and composite pheochromocytoma with ganglioneuroma. Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in the adrenal gland had occasional (36%) expression while metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in the adrenal gland did not express GATA3. Conclusion As the most common pitfall in diagnosing adrenal cortical carcinoma is mistaking it for pheochromocytoma or vice versa, GATA3 may be useful in narrowing the differential diagnosis as a part of a panel of immunohistochemical markers. However, the occasional GATA3 expression in the most common source of metastases within the adrenal gland, metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinoma, may confound the diagnosis due to the overlapping expression with pheochromocytoma and other carcinomas. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Distant recurrences in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) according to androgen receptor (AR) status.

1085Background: TNBC comprises 15% of breast cancers and a subset expresses AR. Reported outcomes for estrogen receptor-negative or TNBC according to AR expression have been inconsistent. We assessed distant recurrence according to AR expression in patients with TNBC treated with chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively studied women with a first diagnosis of Stage I-III TNBC treated from 1996-2004 who received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical data were abstracted from medical records including age, tumor size, axillary node status and surgical, radiation and chemotherapy treatment. Histologic type, grade, lymphovascular invasion, and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated on H and E sections. Tissue microarrays were constructed (three 0.6mm cores/tumor) and sections were immunostained for AR; we categorized as AR-positive tumors in which ≥ 1% of cancer cells showed nuclear staining for AR and as strongly AR-positive tumors with > 10% nuclear staining. Cox proportional hazards regressio...
Next Generation Case Report: Supraorbital Craniotomy for Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Clipping in Annotated Virtual Reality Environment.

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Recent years have seen significant advancements in virtual reality. Implementation of this technology in combination with traditional learning methods is a powerful tool for medical teaching. CLINICAL PRESENTATION This is a 60-yr-old woman who presented with a history of headaches and was found to have an unruptured 4-mm anterior communicating artery aneurysm. After discussion, the patient elected to have the aneurysm treated by surgical clipping. The aneurysm was completely occluded through a supraorbital craniotomy with a single clip. The patient was discharged home in good condition on postoperative day 2. This case was imported into a virtual reality environment with annotated slides and operative video for resident teaching. CONCLUSION As virtual reality technology continues to grow, library of interactive case reports could revolutionize neurosurgical education.
The effect of urinary flow and bladder fullness on renal pelvic pressure in a rat model.

AbstractWe describe an in vivo animal model used to study the interactions of urinary flow, and bladder pressure and fullness on renal pelvic pressure. These parameters were examined in 17 nonrefluxing Sprague-Dawley rats. At urinary flow rates less than 14cc/kg. per hour and bladders less than 60% full, renal pelvic pressures were below 9cm. water but at urinary flow rates more than 30cc/kg. per hour renal pelvic pressure increased above 10cm. water when the bladder was only 20% full. At all urinary flow rates examined renal pelvic pressure increased to more than 20cm. water as the bladder approached 100% fullness.To quantitate the combined effects of these changes in renal pelvic pressure and urinary flow on the renal pelvis a renal pelvic work index (renal pelvic pressure times urinary flow rate) was defined. Using this index the magnitude of the change between low urinary flows with an empty bladder and high urinary flows with a full bladder can be observed. The results of these studies in this model ...
Food and Socioeconomic Development

Food and health are two inseparable fundamental biological principles on which the evolution and progress of mankind are partially based. Health is the final consequence of many interrelated and interdependent physical, biological, and sociocultural factors, among which food and, therefore, nutrition is one of the most important (1). Furthermore, the timing between food and age is of critical importance to insure full development of the genetic potential and to maintain good health (2). Quantity and quality of nutrients in early life have a direct effect on physical growth, biochemical maturation, body composition, physical fitness, work capacity, possibly mental development, and, of course, morbidity and mortality (2, 4, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). However, in spite of the amount of work, knowledge, and progress made, there is no specific answer yet as to what is the best food for the right age to obtain and maintain perfect health.
Supporting a Culture of Replication: An Examination of Education and Special Education Research Grants Funded by the Institute of Education Sciences:

Despite the important role that replication studies play in building scientific evidence, recent reports show that few replications have been conducted in education. The goal of the current study w...
Adaptive Modal Filters Based on Artificial and Spectral Viscosity Techniques

In this work, we adapt techniques of artificial and spectral viscosities [especially those presented in Klockner et al. (Math Model Nat Phenom 6(03):57–83, 2011) and Tadmor and Waagan (SIAM J Sci Comput 34(2):A993–A1009, 2012)] to develop adaptive modal filters for Legendre polynomial bases and demonstrate their application in a shock-capturing discontinuous Galerkin method. While traditional artificial viscosities can impose additional stability restrictions on the time step size, we show that our filtering methods can achieve a similar shock-capturing capability without additional restriction of the time step size. We further demonstrate that the accuracy of the artificial viscosity filter can be significantly improved upon with a hybrid spectral viscosity-artifical viscosity filter, which we also develop and demonstrate. We show that we can achieve computational efficiency with an analytical time integration technique similar to one presented in Moura et al. (Diffusion-based limiters for discontinuous galerkin methods-part I: one-dimensional equations, 2013). We consider several 1D numerical examples for the linear advection, scalar wave, Burgers’, and Euler equations to demonstrate the accuracy and uniform stability of our methods.
On the small-scale clustering of quasars: constraints from the MassiveBlack II simulation

We examine recent high-precision measurements of small-scale quasar clustering (at $z\sim0.5-2$ on scales of $\sim25~\mathrm{kpc/h}$) from the SDSS in the context of the MassiveBlackII (MBII) cosmological hydrodynamic simulation and conditional luminosity function (CLF) modeling. At these high luminosities ($g 10^{14}~M_{\odot}/h$ dark matter haloes. For these pairs, satellite quasar luminosity is similar to that of central quasars. Our CLF models imply a relatively steep increase in the maximum satellite luminosity, $L^*_{\mathrm{sat}}$, in haloes of $M_h>10^{14}~M_{\odot}/h$ with associated larger values of $L^*_{\mathrm{sat}}$ at higher redshift. This leads to increase in the satellite fraction that manifests itself in an enhanced clustering signal at $\lesssim$ 1 Mpc/h. For the ongoing eBOSS-CORE sample, we predict $\sim 200-500$ quasar pairs at $z\sim1.5$ (with $M_h \gtrsim10^{13}~M_{\odot}/h$ and $M_{bh} \gtrsim10^{8}~M_{\odot}/h$) at $\sim25~\mathrm{kpc}$ scales. Such a sample would be $\gtrsim10$ times larger than current pair samples.
Extraneural Metastases From a High-Grade Glioma (HGG) With an H3F3A G34R Mutation.

Distant metastatic disease from gliomas is extremely rare. We report the case of a 17-year-old female​ with an H3F3A G34R mutated infiltrative glioma who developed painful osseous metastases to her pelvis and spine within three months of clinical presentation. The presence of an H3F3A mutation in these patients may indicate further work-up to include intensive staging examination.
AlphaFold at CASP13

Summary: Computational prediction of protein structure from sequence is broadly viewed as a foundational problem of biochemistry and one of the most difficult challenges in bioinformatics. Once every two years the Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments are held to assess the state of the art in the field in a blind fashion, by presenting predictor groups with protein sequences whose structures have been solved but have not yet been made publicly available. The first CASP was organized in 1994, and the latest, CASP13, took place last December, when for the first time the industrial laboratory DeepMind entered the competition. DeepMind's entry, AlphaFold, placed first in the Free Modeling (FM) category, which assesses methods on their ability to predict novel protein folds (the Zhang group placed first in the Template-Based Modeling (TBM) category, which assess methods on predicting proteins whose folds are related to ones already in the Protein Data Bank.) DeepMind's success generated significant public interest. Their approach builds on two ideas developed in the academic community during the preceding decade: (i) the use of co-evolutionary analysis to map residue co-variation in protein sequence to physical contact in protein structure, and (ii) the application of deep neural networks to robustly identify patterns in protein sequence and co-evolutionary couplings and convert them into contact maps. In this Letter, we contextualize the significance of DeepMind's entry within the broader history of CASP, relate AlphaFold's methodological advances to prior work, and speculate on the future of this important problem.
Spine Injuries in Gymnasts

As in the general population, low back pain in the gymnast is highly prevalent. Biomechanical studies have demonstrated significant force generation in gymnasts’ spines. Due to the repetitive flexion, extension, rotation, and loading, gymnasts are particularly at risk for spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis as well as other pathology. The clinician should also be familiar with the diagnosis and management of Scheurmann’s disease, vertebral ring apophysis fractures, scoliosis, discogenic pain, radiculopathy, facet pain, myofascial pain, and sacroiliac dysfunction when treating the gymnast. Chronic back pain in the gymnast may often be complex and multifactorial and must be treated with an interdisciplinary team through a biopsychosocial lens.
Interpretation of Paleozoic paleokarst features in the Arkoma Basin of Oklahoma using 3D seismic and well logs

AbstractPaleokarst regions worldwide are repositories for hydrocarbons, mineral deposits, and groundwater. Time structure maps were generated for the Ordovician Viola Limestone, Mississippian Caney...
How Should Cervical Cancer Prevention Be Improved in LMICs

Cervical cancer has become rare in high-income countries but is a leading cause of mortality among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This inequity is due to economic, social, and cultural factors and should be seen as an epidemiological tragedy. This article examines ethical considerations that should compel policymakers and international donors to prioritize cervical cancer prevention in LMICs.
Las colocaciones tipo venirle en voluntad: un patrón construccional desaparecido

espanolLas colocaciones tipo venirle en voluntad, un patron construccional que parecia productivo en el Medievo, cayeron en desuso y se lexicalizaron en el Siglo de Oro, dejandonos solo reliquias fosilizadas como venirle en gana(s). La perdida de este patron conllevo dos cambios relacionados que se discuten dentro del modelo diacronico de Traugott y Trousdale (2013): la obsolescencia y construccionalizacion lexica de un subesquema construccional. EnglishCollocations of the type venirle en voluntad, a constructional pattern that seemed to be productive in the Middle Ages, fell out of use and became lexicalized in the Golden Age, leaving behind only fossilized relics such as venirle en gana(s). The loss of this pattern involved two related changes that are discussed within Traugott and Trousdale’s (2013) diachronic model: the obsolescence and lexical constructionalization of a constructional subschema.
Performance of PI-RADS v2 assessment categories assigned prior to MR-US fusion biopsy in a new fusion biopsy program.

Abstract Objective To validate the performance of PI-RADS v2 for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPca, Gleason ≥7) within the context of a new fusion biopsy program. Material and methods Patients with a PI-RADS v2 assessment category assigned on pre-biopsy mpMRI between March 2015 and November 2017 were identified. Diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2 was calculated using fusion biopsy results as reference standard using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Patient and lesion characteristics were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Of 83 patients with 175 lesions, 115/175 (65.7%) were benign, 21/175 (12%) were Gleason 6, and 39/175 (22.3%) were Gleason ≥7. csPCa rates were 0% (0/5) for PI-RADS 1, 7.4% (2/27) for PI-RADS 2, 5.8% (3/52) for PI-RADS 3, 31.2% (24/77) for PI-RADS 4, and 71.4% (10/14) for PI-RADS 5 (p Conclusion PI-RADS v2 assessment categories assigned prior to biopsy predict pathologic outcome reasonably well in a new prostate fusion biopsy program. Biopsy threshold of PI-RADS ≥3 is highly sensitive. A threshold of ≥4 increases specificity but misses some csPCa.
Outcomes after antibiotic megaspacer implantation in patients with severe chronic periprosthetic infections

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare postoperative complication that is treated with antibiotic spacers. Some patients develop severe, treatment-resistant, chronic PJI despite multiple attempts at salvaging the joint. Permanent resection of the joint or amputation may be the only definitive treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes, infection resolution rate, and complications of two-stage revision, utilizing extensive resection of the affected bone and application of antibiotic megaspacers as a modality for limb-salvage. A review of 12 patients, initially referred for amputation due to chronically failed PJI, was conducted. All patients underwent extensive resection of the bone and surgical implantation of a custom-made antibiotic megaspacer between December 2016 and June 2019. Thirteen megaspacers were placed in 13 infected joints in 12 patients with a history of chronic PJI. Six patients (50%) had a diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Eradication of the infection leading to limb-salvage was successful in nine patients. Visual Analog Scale pain scores improved by 3.5, or 50%, after two-stage revision with megaprosthesis reimplantation (p = .008), and six patients (54.5%) had improvement in ambulation. Complication rates, not including reinfection or recurrence, following megaspacer and megaprosthesis reimplantation were 58.3% and 27.3%, respectively. One patient underwent amputation due to a life-threatening infection while two other patients underwent amputation due to debilitating complications following limb-salvage surgery. Statement of Clinical Significance: In patients whose PJI becomes treatment-resistant after multiple failed attempts at traditional two-stage exchange, performing extensive boney resection with placement of an antibiotic-laden megaspacer can be an effective method of achieving limb-salvage.