cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infant handling in wildCebus capucinus: testing bonds between females?

Abstract The evolved functions, if any, of infant handling (IH) by female primates remain unclear for many species. I tested a new hypothesis, that IH tests social bonds between adult females, using data on a group of wild white-faced capuchins. I also tested the nonadaptive, learning-to-mother, reciprocity, harassment and alliance-formation hypotheses. Focal subjects were the mothers of 10 infants that ranged in age from 0 to 90 days. The behaviours comprising IH (inspecting, nuzzling, sniffing, and a distinctive vocalization) differed from typical maternal behaviour. Nulliparous females engaged in no more IH than did parous females. The median frequency of rough handling was zero, kidnapping was not observed, and maternal restraint of infants was extremely rare. Infant handling rate was unrelated to the relative dominance ranks of the mother and the handler. Females tended to handle the infants of females with which they groomed and formed aggressive coalitions more frequently. Dyadic IH rates were not correlated with rates of allonursing when the infants were older than 90 days of age. There was no evidence for reciprocal exchanges of IH between females. Mother-terminated IH bouts were longer when the mother had groomed the handler more frequently before the infant’s birth. Based on these findings, the learning-to-mother, reciprocity and harassment hypotheses are unsupported for this species. Some support exists for the nonadaptive hypothesis. Contrasting predictions of the bond-testing and alliance-formation hypothesis are presented for future testing.
Astrophysics: Giant black hole in a stripped galaxy

An oversized, supermassive black hole has been discovered at the centre of a densely packed conglomeration of stars. The finding suggests that the system is the stripped nucleus of a once-larger galaxy. See Letter p.398 The object M60-UCD1 is the brightest ultracompact dwarf galaxy (UCD) currently known and — at about 200 million solar masses — one of the most massive. Anil Seth et al. have used adaptive optics spectra to resolve the kinematics of M60-UCD1. They detect a supermassive black hole of 21 million solar masses at its centre. M60-UCD1 is thus the lowest-mass system known to host a supermassive black hole. The authors suggest that it may once have been at the centre of a larger galaxy that was later tidally torn apart by a massive neighbour. Their analysis also shows that M60-UCD1's stellar mass is consistent with its luminosity, implying that many other ultra-compact dwarf galaxies may contain previously unrecognized supermassive black holes.
Applications of Pressure Swing Adsorption Technology

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology represents an important separation process for gases. In addition to typical integration of PSA units in the plant structures (e.g. combination of steam reformer and H2-PSA) more complex combinations are possible to optimise the overall process performance. The PSA process itself is strongly influenced by certain process parameters like tail gas pressure, number of pressure equalisation steps etc. PSA units can handle growing throughputs meanwhile they are getting specifically smaller. Sophisticated control systems enhance the performance, flexibility and automation.
Measurement of the pressure dependence of Tc for superconducting spinel compounds

Abstract The superconducting transition temperatures ( T c ) of CuRh 2 Se 4 , CuRh 2 S 4 and LiTi 2 O 4 were all found to increase linearly under hydrostatic pressure up to 22 kbar, at a rate of 1–5 × 10 -5 Kbar -1 . These results are discussed in terms of the dependence of T c on Debye temperature previously found for this set of compounds from heat capacity measurements at zero pressure.
Parent Participation in an Adolescent Drug Abuse Prevention Program

This study reports the level of participation of parents in a parent-targeted school-based drug prevention program, the differences between students whose parents participate and those who don't, and the implications for involving parents in future drug prevention programs. Among 1761 eligible seventh grade families, 1263 students (72%) and 1142 parents (65%) completed surveys assessing the quality of parent-child relationships as well as tobacco and alcohol use. Ten percent of eligible families attended at least one of the evening sessions. Compared to students whose parents completed the survey, students whose parents did not complete a survey were more likely to report they used tobacco, had more friends who used substances, were monitored less by their parents, had more risk-taking behaviors, had lower grade-point averages, and their parents had higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use. Parents who attended evening sessions had the lowest rates of tobacco use and reported spending the most time with their children. Parent-targeted drug preventions programs may stigmatize attending parents and may be unlikely to attract the highest risk families.
In pursuit of excellence

No one would argue with the premise that some form of measurement to assess the quality and success of treatment should be in place in any medical practice. Conventional wisdom would insist that this instrument incorporate scientific principles by paying rigorous attention to group selection; avoiding bias by the appointment of disinterested or blinded observers; planning all aspects prospectively; and last, but not least, using a statistical paradigm that is appropriate to the type of data being collected. The acquisition of such patient outcome information is obviously important, not just as a reflection of the success or failure of medical treatment, but to provide a foundation for either consolida­ tion or change, as the case may bey ,8 The rapid and exponential growth of pain medicine in the last 30 years has placed it squarely before the bench of medical opin­ ion, where professional and lay juries still have difficulty in defining its parameters of practice. In the focus article, David Brown addresses the whole issue of medical review, not just as it relates to pain medicine, but in the general context of medical delivery. The very complexity of contemporary medical practice lends itself, more than ever, to the instruments of indus­ trial measurement and improvement. Although still an art in many ways, medicine has subsumed the industri­ al model, a fact that has enabled the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) to oversee issues of quality and improvement." The ulti­ mate marker-outcome-however, remains elusive. While the mandate of JCAHO has been to accredit hos­ pitals, it has expanded its oversight function to include ambulatory tacilities.? Nevertheless, as is emphasized by Brown, the JCAHO is mainly interested in the stan­ dardization of organizational performance. Pain medi
Does computer-aided diagnosis for lung tumors change satisfaction of search in chest radiography?

Rationale and Objectives Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) has been developed to ensure that the radiologist considers suspect focal opacities that may represent cancer in chest radiography. Although CAD was not developed to counteract the satisfaction of search (SOS) effect, it may be an effective intervention to do so. The objective of this study is to determine whether an idealized CAD can reduce SOS effects in chest radiography. Materials and Methods Fifty-seven chest radiographs, half of which demonstrated diverse, native abnormalities were read twice by 16 observers, once with and once without the addition of a simulated pulmonary nodule. Simulated CAD prompts were provided during the interpretation, which unerringly pointed to the added simulated nodule. Area under the ROC curve for detecting the native abnormalities was estimated for each observer in each treatment condition. In addition to testing for the SOS effect in the presence of CAD prompts, results were compared to those of a previous SOS study. Results Significantly more nodules were reported in the SOS with CAD experiment than in the original SOS experiment (49 versus 43, P Conclusion Our results indicate that the CAD prompts, even those that always point to their target lesion without false-positive error, fail to counteract SOS in chest radiography. The stricter decision thresholds with CAD prompts may indicate less visual search for native abnormalities.
Depth enhancement using a scanning fiber optical endoscope

The Single Fiber Scanning Endoscope (SFSE) is a miniature flexible endoscope with unique features that promises to open new minimally invasive procedures for previously inaccessible diseases. There is a need for enhancement of depth cues and 3D measurement in procedures using monoscopic endoscopes. The SFSE uses scanning acquisition that gives it unique imaging properties which are advantageous for 3D vision algorithms -- simultaneous images can be created from multiple sensors all having common viewpoints but different lighting directions. A radiometric dual exists between array and scanning acquisition systems, so scanning acquisition images appear to have the light source originating from the sensors and the viewpoint at the scanner location. Disparity and photometric stereo techniques are investigated. A novel method for interactive virtual lighting allows the surface to be illuminated from any virtual lighting direction, even those not physically possible with endoscope, for use with either monocular or binocular images. This enhances or provides depth cues from shading and parallax. Using the photometric stereo method a 3D mesh representing the surface shape is obtained. A combination of disparity stereo and photometric stereo techniques creates dense range maps and measurements. The ability to make dense 3D measurements allow accurate volume measurements for dosage, risk estimation, and healing progress evaluations.
Di‐tert‐butyl‐imidocarbonate

[51779-32-9] C10H19NO4 (MW 217.26) InChI = 1S/C10H19NO4/c1-9(2,3)14-7(12)11-8(13)15-10(4,5)6/h1-6H3,(H,11,12,13) InChIKey = XCAQIUOFDMREBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a versatile Gabriel reagent for preparation of amines) Physical Data: mp 119–121 °C.1, 2 Solubility: soluble in CH3CN, CHCl3, CCl4, and DMF. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis.1, 2 Preparative Methods: the title reagent is prepared from the corresponding di-Boc-formamide by addition of 2-diethylaminoethylamine (DEAEA) to cleave the formyl group. The di-Boc-formamide is in turn prepared from exhaustive tert-butoxycarbonylation of formamide in the presence of catalytic DMAP (eq 1).1 The preparation of title reagent can also be accomplished by treatment of ethyl tert-butyl oxalate with hydrazine to give the ester hydrazide, followed by diazotization to give the corresponding azide, and conversion directly through Curtius rearrangement in the presence of tert-butyl alcohol (eq 2).2 (1) (2) Purification: recrystallized from petroleum ether or hexanes.1, 2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable reagent; stored under argon; may be toxic.
Plasma properties of radial foil explosions on the cornell beam research accelerator

High energy density (HED) plasmas, produced by diverse techniques such as lasers or pulsed power generators, can help scientists in understanding extreme states of matter as well as astrophysical phenomena. Radial foil configurations are novel experiements which can yield plasma pressures on the order of 0.5 Mbar on a IMA, 100 ns current rise time generator such as the COrnel Beam Research Accelerator (COBRA). In this experimental set-up, a thin metallic foil stretched on a circular anode connects to a very small "pin" cathode (1mm in diameter). Radial currents run through the foil then down the pin cathode, thereby generating an axi-symmetric toroidal magnetic field. These currents interact with the B field and the resulting JxB force lifts the foil upward. Very rapidly the plasma turns into a bubble shaped cavity, which expands swiftly (v∼200-300 km/s), until instabilities destroy the axial symmetry, bursting the bubble open. As the cavity moves away from the cathode a dense central plasma column with electron densities above 1020 cm−3 forms. The background plasma created by current ablation focuses on the geometrical axis, forming a jet moving at a speed of 100 km/s. Its electron density is larger than 1019 cm−3. This jet is collimated by magnetic fields, which confines its mass during a large portion of the discharge.
Glossary extraction and utilization in the information search and delivery system for IBM technical support

In this paper we describe the practical aspects of extracting and using a glossary for a selected technical domain. We first describe the existing glossary extraction process, as applied to general corpora, and examine its shortcomings in the technical support domain. Then we propose a number of enhancements to it, including focusing the glossary on a selected domain context, providing support for multidomain glossaries, and importing domain-specific dictionaries. We apply our focused-glossary approach to the IBM Technical Support corpus and incorporate resulting glossaries within the information search and delivery system used by IBM Technical Support. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by evaluating the quality of keywords and terms extracted from sample documents with the help of these glossaries.
Phase detection based surface plasmon resonance biosensor in infrared with increased sensitivity and dynamic range

A novel method of phase-detection in the infrared is proposed to enhance the sensitivity and dynamic range of a single-wavelength surface plasmon resonance biosensor. A structure is also proposed to prevent the sensitivity degradation.
Providing Performance Feedback to Teachers: A Review

Teacher preparation programs are under scrutiny for their role in the troubled American educational system. Thus, teacher educators must encourage teachers to use effective teaching practices. One ...
The biochemical basis of relapse and drug response in schizophrenia: review and hypothesis.

This review of the literature suggests that antipsychotic drug response is determined by dopamine (DA) turnover and norepinephrine (NE) activity prior to treatment. The data suggest that NE modulates the DA system. Drug-free psychotic patients with relatively increased DA and NE activity, including release, are more likely to be treatment responsive, while patients who show evidence of enhanced DA and NE activity during treatment with antipsychotic drugs are likely to relapse soon after neuroleptic withdrawal. Basal release of DA and NE is decreased and associated with residual positive and negative symptoms. Improvement during neuroleptic treatment is associated with decreases in DA and NE phasic or stimulus induced release. The variable response to antipsychotic drugs is most likely to be a result of dysregulated DA and NE release, i.e. under state-dependent control, rather than evidence of a heterogeneous aetiology. Because catecholamines regulate gain, signal-to-noise ratio and gating in the brain, this model allows for environmental factors to interact with biochemical state and drug treatment. The author proposes that impaired homeostasis of NE and DA in schizophrenia causes instability in NE and DA neuronal firing and release, presumably related to mechanisms down-stream from the receptors, such as G proteins. This instability of catecholamine release may explain the observed variability in clinical states and drug response in schizophrenia.
Synchronization of Lorenz-based chaotic circuits with applications to communications

A circuit implementation of the chaotic Lorenz system is described. The chaotic behavior of the circuit closely matches the results predicted by numerical experiments. Using the concept of synchronized chaotic systems (SCS's), two possible approaches to secure communications are demonstrated with the Lorenz circuit implemented in both the transmitter and receiver. In the first approach, a chaotic masking signal is added at the transmitter to the message, and at the receiver, the masking is regenerated and subtracted from the received signal. The second approach utilizes modulation of the coefficients of the chaotic system in the transmitter and corresponding detection of synchronization error in the receiver to transmit binary-valued bit streams. The use of SCS's for communications relies on the robustness of the synchronization to perturbations in the drive signal. As a step toward further understanding the inherent robustness, we establish an analogy between synchronization in chaotic systems, nonlinear observers for deterministic systems, and state estimation in probabilistic systems. This analogy exists because SCS's can be viewed as performing the role of a nonlinear state space observer. To calibrate the robustness of the Lorenz SCS as a nonlinear state estimator, we compare the performance of the Lorenz SCS to an extended Kalman filter for providing state estimates when the measurement consists of a single noisy transmitter component. >
Comparative catabolic rates of anti-hapten IgG antibodies of different affinities

Abstract Rabbit IgG anti-fluorescyl antibodies were purified from immune antisera by immunoadsorption into subpopulations on the basis of affinities for the homologous ligand. Low and high affinity populations from individual rabbits were radioiodinated in dual-isotope studies. Antibodies, in approximately equal concentrations, were passively administered simultaneously (intravenously) to the same rabbit from which the antibodies were derived (i.e. autologous). Rate of decay studies showed that high affinity antibodies were catabolized 2–3 times faster than low affinity antibody molecules. Pepsin digestion experiments inferred that the F c fragment was responsible for different catabolic rates. It is proposed that differences in the carbohydrate content of F c fragments of IgG molecules with differing affinities for the fluorescyl ligand, are important in determining catabolic rates. This proposal is consistent with previous studies which showed that low and high affinity antibody molecules differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their carbohydrate content (Mitchell et all. , 1976).
Linear predictor with a new error criterion

In the conventional linear predictor the nth sample is predicted as a linear combination of the previous p samples. In this paper we seek the prediction of the nth sample as a linear combination of certain filtered signals. The normal equations for this modified form of predictor are derived and a window function, suitable for this new formulation, is proposed. For brevity we will consider only deterministic signals. The advantages of this modified linear predictor are demonstrated by an example.
Exploration of a methodology aimed at exploring the characteristics of teenage dating violence and preliminary findings.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to explore a novel approach toward investigating violence in adolescent dating relationships by administering a reflective survey to female college students. Research Hypothesis Results from the Danger Assessment (DA) tool and the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) will be highly correlated with concepts from the Theory of Female Adolescents' Safety as Determined by the Dynamics of the Circle (TFASDC). Design A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 188 female college students was conducted. Setting This study was carried out in a Northeastern academic university and health center. Main Research Variables and Measurement Main research variables and measurement included the AAS, the DA, and concepts from the TFASDC. Findings One in three participants reported dating violence on the DA; and one in five, on the AAS. Nine percent of the sample reported forced sex on the DA. Concepts from the TFASDC correlated to dating violence include the following: low scores on group belonging, increased number of sex and/or dating partners, dating an older boy, and time in relationship. Conclusion The TFASDC holds promise for use as both a risk- and a strength-based assessment in teenagers, with the ultimate goal of fostering the development of healthy relationships.
Automated detection of dust clouds and sources in NOAA-AVHRR satellite imagery

In this paper, we introduce a new method to detect dust clouds on NOAA-AVHRR satellite images. The approach involves the use of the region growing segmentation algorithm. The region growing starts with a set of seed points obtained from the band math image, which is known to be a good indicator of dust clouds due to physical reasons, and the result will be a binary image that represents the improved dust cloud region estimate. Furthermore, we also propose a method to locate dust sources automatically. The method developed here uses corner detection and other processing applied to the boundary of the detected dust cloud region. The approaches are applied to NOAA-AVHRR satellite images from dust storm events in southwestern North America.
Learning Classifiers from Large Databases Using Statistical Queries

We describe an approach to learning predictive models from large databases in settings where direct access to data is not available because of massive size of data, access restrictions, or bandwidth requirements. We outline some techniques for minimizing the number of statistical queries needed; and for efficiently coping with missing values in the data. We provide open source implementation of the decision tree and naive Bayes algorithms to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Optical rotatory dispersion studies on wheat gluten proteins: gluten, glutenin, and gliadin in urea and hydrochloric acid solutions.

Abstract Conformations of gluten, glutenin, and gliadin were studied by optical rotatory dispersion in 3 M urea plus 0.11 M KCl plus 0.02 M buffer at several pH values, and in 0.002 N HCl. Wavelength ranged from 600 to around 220 mμ or lower. A significant negative Cotton effect at 233 mμ was observed for each protein in all solvents studied. Values of b0 from Moffit-Yang plots were interpreted conventionally (b0 = −630 for 100% right-handed α-helix). Optical rotatory dispersion data were also treated by a modified two-term Drude equation according to the method of Shechter and Blout. The results indicate that gliadin contains more α-helix than glutenin and that all three proteins contain more α-helix in hydrochloric acid than in urea solutions. Glutenin and gliadin are probably mixtures of random coil and helix.
Impact of dilution on microbial community structure and functional potential: comparison of numerical simulations and batch culture experiments.

A series of microcosm experiments was performed using serial dilutions of a sewage microbial community to inoculate a set of batch cultures in sterile sewage. After inoculation, the dilution-defined communities were allowed to regrow for several days and a number of community attributes were measured in the regrown assemblages. Based upon a set of numerical simulations, community structure was expected to differ along the dilution gradient; the greatest differences in structure were anticipated between the undiluted-low-dilution communities and the communities regrown from the very dilute (more than 10(-4)) inocula. Furthermore, some differences were expected among the lower-dilution treatments (e.g., between undiluted and 10(-1)) depending upon the evenness of the original community. In general, each of the procedures used to examine the experimental community structures separated the communities into at least two, often three, distinct groups. The groupings were consistent with the simulated dilution of a mixture of organisms with a very uneven distribution. Significant differences in community structure were detected with genetic (amplified fragment length polymorphism and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism), physiological (community level physiological profiling), and culture-based (colony morphology on R2A agar) measurements. Along with differences in community structure, differences in community size (acridine orange direct counting), composition (ratio of sewage medium counts to R2A counts, monitoring of each colony morphology across the treatments), and metabolic redundancy (i.e., generalist versus specialist) were also observed, suggesting that the differences in structure and diversity of communities maintained in the same environment can be manifested as differences in community organization and function.
Estimating squinted SAR data: an efficient multivariate minimization approach using only essential 3-D target information

The differences among images formed with the same radar viewing direction, but with different radar motion directions, are a pressing issue for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition. An efficient algorithm that exploits the essential three-dimensional target information and the basic characteristics of SAR image formation is proposed to manage the problem. A proof-of-principle experiment using SAR images of a target produced promising results.
6.1 Free-electron lasers

This document is part of Subvolume B ‘Laser Systems’, Part 2 of Volume 1 ‘Laser Physics and Applications’ of Landolt-Bornstein Group VIII ‘Advanced Materials and Technologies’.
Spin Transfer Torque Memory With Thermal Assist Mechanism: A Case Study

We have investigated spin transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM) with a thermal-assist programming scheme using finite-element thermal simulation. We conducted the study on a specific memory element design to analyze the thermal dynamics and thermal programming mechanism. We paid particular attention to the scalability and design potential of the thermal-assist programming scheme by varying the memory element dimension and resistance-area product. In addition we systematically analyzed and compared thermal-assisted STT-RAM and standard STT-RAM based on these results. Finally, we provide a summary of the programming scheme and some recommendations for improving writeability and scalability of this technology.
Supersaturation and Droplet Spectral Evolution in Fog

Abstract Droplet sizes, larger than expected, and transient water vapor supersaturations were measured in radiation fog. Nongradient turbulent mixing of saturated air parcels at different temperatures and the release of excess vapor by molecular diffusion at the interface between the mixing parcels are suggested as the mechanisms causing the large supersaturations. Approximate agreement is found between calculated rates of change of supersaturation during nongradient mixing and the supersaturation measurements. A stochastic mixing model, based on the supersaturation and other measurements in the fogs, is used to estimate if nongradient mixing and transient supersaturations cause the appearance of large droplets. The model predicts a broadening of the droplet spectra to include no larger than midsized droplets. This study concludes that a form of nonlocal turbulence closure may be required in models to accurately describe microphysics in fogs and clouds when nongradient mixing is important. This mixing cau...
Hunting stand-related injuries in orthopedics.

Hunting remains an extremely popular recreational activity, with nearly 15 million Americans receiving a hunting license annually. Precautions have helped decrease accidents, but hunting-related injuries remain relatively common. The majority of severe, hunting-related accidents involve either a fall from a hunting platform or an accidental shooting. Both of these mechanisms frequently result in orthopedic injuries, many of which require operative care. Although firearms-associated injury has seemingly decreased, hunting platform falls and their sequelae are increasing. Understanding the mechanisms of these injuries and increasing awareness of them may minimize their morbidity and mortality or help prevent them altogether. Language: en
Interethnic Conflict under Racial Subordination: Japanese Immigrants and Their Asian Neighbors in Walnut Grove, California, 1908–1941

(1994). Interethnic Conflict under Racial Subordination: Japanese Immigrants and Their Asian Neighbors in Walnut Grove, California, 1908–1941. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 27-56.
Chromatin Structure and DNA Structure at the hsp 26 Locus of Drosophila

The heat shock genes of Drosophila provide a very convenient system for the study of gene activation. These genes are activated in response to elevated temperature, metabolic inhibitors, and other stresses, apparently using a mechanism common to all cell types. The genes encoding the small heat shock proteins, hsp 22, hsp 23, hsp 26 and hsp 28 are also activated in specific Drosophila tissues at specific times according to a program of developmental regulation. (For a review of work on the organization and expression of Drosophila heat shock genes see Southgate et al., 1985.) We have chosen to focus our analysis on hsp 26, because of certain interesting features of the DNA in the 5’ regulatory region.
Overview of Recent Developments in the Credit Card Industry

Since the 1980s, Visa U.S.A. (Visa) and Master-Card International (MasterCard), the bank-controlled credit card associations that together account for approximately 70 percent of today's credit card market, have been able to control the use of and access to their networks to the advantage of their bank members. Recently, however, the credit card industry has been changing: some merchants are now large enough to exert their own leverage, legal defeats have impeded the ability of credit card associations to control the market, and some participants have developed new arrangements and alliances that may be a prelude to further changes in the industry. This article surveys recent developments in an industry that is facing new competitive dynamics. The article begins by describing the formation of the payment card industry and then its structure. The article continues by explaining the functioning of credit card networks: the various kinds of network models, and the significance of interchange fees in the most complex model. Next discussed are recent industry-altering litigation involving Visa and MasterCard, and significant aftereffects of the litigation. The article concludes by noting the main challenges facing the industry today.
Cultural Bases for Understanding Literature

Among the variety of contributions which modern anthropological research might be able to offer to members of this Association, I plan to stress only one, that which anthropological studies of whole cultures can make to those whose task it is to cherish and cultivate the arts, and especially literature, in the contemporary world. Just because we, the anthropologists, specialize in primitive, usually quite small, societies and take as our focus communities of a few hundred people with an oral tradition which can be no more elaborate than the memories of those few, we are able to include within our study many aspects of human experience which the scholar dealing with a period or trend within a complex high civilization accepts on authority or takes for granted. Yet, to the extent that the scholar who works with the eighteenth century in England must so take for granted the economic arrangements of agriculture or the methods of child care in the nursery, he or she is cut off from watching the intimate interplay between the way a farm laborer is paid or a child rebuked and the images of sophisticated literature, within which these experiences of the poor or immature may be represented by a chain of transmuted images or an explicit counterpoint which cuts them off from the developed consciousness of the small literate elite who inherited and cultivated the literary tradition of the past. Short of time, and very often short of materials, historians have only recently thought it worth while to consider the “short and simple annals of the poor” or the life of children who were neither the subjects of later literary elaboration by a Samuel Butler or a Proust, nor had even the dubious claims of a Daisy Ashford.
Effect of Direct Marketing for Uterine Artery Embolization on Rates of Leiomyomas, Incidental Findings, and Management After Pelvic MRI

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether a self-referred population screened by an interventional radiology (IR) clinic and a non-IR, physician-referred population differed with regard to suitability for uterine artery embolization (UAE) for symptomatic leiomyomas on the basis of preprocedure MRI. Methods This was an institutional review board–approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of 301 women evaluated in an IR clinic for possible UAE from January 2009 to September 2012. Subjects were retrospectively divided into two groups: self-referred via direct marketing (group A, n = 203; mean age, 41.8 years; range, 22-58 years) and physician referred (group B, n = 98; mean age, 42.9 years; range, 30-65 years). Results There was no significant difference between groups in presenting symptoms (multiple symptoms, bleeding, bulk-related symptoms, pain). After initial screening, 73.4% of group A (149 of 203) and 79.6% of group B (78 of 98) underwent MRI ( P = .242). On the basis of MRI findings, 91.3% of group A (136 of 149) and 94.9% of group B (74 of 78) had uterine leiomyomas ( P = .328). Adenomyosis without leiomyoma was present in 4.0% of group A (6 of 149) and 3.8% of group B (3 of 78) ( P = .947). Incidental findings requiring further clinical or imaging evaluation were found in 20.8% of group A (31 of 149) and 24.4% of group B (19 of 78) ( P = .539). After MRI, 41.6% of group A (62 of 149) and 48.7% of group B (38 of 78) proceeded to UAE ( P = .306). Conclusions After initial screening, similar proportions of self-referred and physician-referred patients were candidates for UAE. The rates of confirmed leiomyomas and incidental findings on MRI were similar between groups.
Evolution of the Mars Relay Network End-to-End Information System in the Mars Human Era (2030-2040)

In order to help the reader understand this evolution from the current to the future MRN state in the Mars human era, we will provide a description of the current communication infrastructure supporting Mars mission users, and how we envision it to change in order to meet the needs and challenges of supporting both human and robotic communication by 2030-2040. This includes the introduction of new data types like audio and video, and new in-situ relay services for communications and navigation services.
Abstract LB-A25: PTEN loss promotes phosphorylation-dependent acetylation and inhibition of SPOP tumor suppressor

The Cullin 3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-binding protein SPOP is inactivated in approximately 8-15% of human prostate cancers due to gene mutation. Intriguingly, SPOP mutations and inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor in human prostate cancers are mutually exclusive. However, it is unclear whether SPOP remains functionally active in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells. In the current study, we demonstrate that PTEN loss induces phosphorylation and nuclear exportation of SPOP. We identify a putative cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation site (serine 222) in SPOP BTB domain, a motif interacting with Cullin 3 and demonstrate that PTEN loss induces SPOP cytoplasm accumulation in a manner dependent on CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of SPOP at serine 222. We further show that serine 222 phosphorylation impairs dimerization and the E3 ligase activity of SPOP without affecting its interaction with Cullin 3. We also identify a potential p300 acetylation site in the C-terminal nuclear localization sequence of SPOP. We demonstrate that acetylation by p300 promotes SPOP translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm and this effect is enhanced by CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of SPOP at serine 222. In contrast, Sirt 2 and Sirt 6 of the sirtuin family are verified to be responsible for deacetylation of SPOP. In the conditional Pten knockout prostate cancer mouse model, Pten deletion induces cytosolic accumulation of SPOP, but the process is reversed in Pten and p300 double knockout prostatic cells. Collectively, our findings reveal cytoplasmic localization and enzymatic inactivation of SPOP as a previously uncharacterized mechanism that contributes to PTEN loss-induced prostate tumorigenesis. They also suggest that blocking SPOP cytoplasm localization represents a viable therapeutic option for treatment of prostate cancers harboring PTEN inactivation. Citation Format: Jian An, Haojie Huang. PTEN loss promotes phosphorylation-dependent acetylation and inhibition of SPOP tumor suppressor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2015 Nov 5-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2015;14(12 Suppl 2):Abstract nr LB-A25.
Persistence of rat virus in seropositive rats as detected by explant culture

Rat virus (RV) was detected by explant culture for up to 14 weeks in rats inoculated as infants and for up to 7 weeks in rats inoculated as juveniles, although both groups were seropositve by 3 weeks post-inoculation.
CYTOPATHIC EFFECTS OF NORMALLY NON-CYTOPATHOGENIC VIRUSES IN TISSUE CULTURES HELD UNDER INCREASED OXYGEN PRESSURE.

SummaryThe viruses of hog cholera and of transmissible gastroenteritis of swine were propagated in tissue cultures in an atmosphere of 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide at a pressure of 10 1b per square inch. Under these conditions, cytopathic effects were observed in the tissue cultures 24 hours after virus inoculation. Conventional tissue cultures in rubber-stoppered tubes did not undergo cytopathic changes following inoculation with the 2 viruses. The cytopathic effects were neutralized by antiviral serum but were not affected by normal serum. Uninoculated tissue cultures were not affected by increased oxygen concentration.
Holographic imaging through a scattering medium by diffuser-assisted statistical averaging

The ability to image through a scattering or diffusive medium such as tissue or hazy atmosphere is a goal which has garnered extensive attention from the scientific community. Existing imaging methods in this field make use of phase conjugation, time of flight, iterative wave-front shaping or statistical averaging approaches, which tend to be either time consuming or complicated to implement. We introduce a novel and practical way of statistical averaging which makes use of a rotating ground glass diffuser to nullify the adverse effects caused by speckle introduced by a first static diffuser / aberrator. This is a Fourier transform-based, holographic approach which demonstrates the ability to recover detailed images and shows promise for further remarkable improvement. The present experiments were performed with 2D flat images, but this method could be easily adapted for recovery of 3D extended object information. The simplicity of the approach makes it fast, reliable, and potentially scalable as a portable technology. Since imaging through a diffuser has direct applications in biomedicine and defense technologies this method may augment advanced imaging capabilities in many fields.
POSITION AND MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS DO NOT DETERMINE THE QUANTUM MECHANICAL STATE

Publisher Summary This chapter presents examples that are constructed to show that the state of an elementary quantum mechanical system need not be uniquely determined by the associated position distribution and the associated momentum distribution. It explains that pure states are not distinguishable by their position statistics or by their momentum statistics in the quantum mechanical state. The position statistics and the momentum statistics play very different roles in quantum mechanics from their roles in classical mechanics. The chapter explains that distinct pure states exist that not only have the same position and momentum distributions but also the same distributions with respect to other significant observables, including, under certain circumstances, the energy.
Voltage induced mechanical/spin wave propagation over long distances

We simulated the generation and propagation of spin waves (SWs) using two excitation methods, namely, magnetic field and voltage induced strain. A fully coupled non-linear magnetoelastic model, combining Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert with elastodynamic equations, is used to study the propagation characteristics of SWs in magnetoelastic materials. Simulation results show that for excitation frequencies above ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), SWs excited by voltage induced strain propagate over longer distances compared to SWs excited by magnetic field. In addition, strain mediated SWs exhibit loss characteristics, which are relatively independent of the magnetic losses (Gilbert damping). Moreover, it is also shown that strain induced SWs can also be excited at frequencies below FMR.
Functional Impairment of Patients Undergoing Surgical Correction for Charcot Foot Arthropathy

Background:Investigations using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Healthy Survey (SF-36) and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society Diabetic Foot Questionnaire (AOFAS-DFQ) have demonstrated a poor quality of life in patients with Charcot foot arthropathy. The Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (SMFA) questionnaire has been widely used in patients with a broad range of musculoskeletal disorders.Methods:Twenty-five consecutive patients undergoing operative correction for diabetes-related Charcot foot arthropathy of the midfoot completed the SMFA prior to undergoing surgery. There were 16 males and 9 females. The average body mass index (BMI) was 37.4 (range 25.8-50.2), and the average hemoglobin A1c was 7.5 (range 5.3-10.1) prior to surgery.Results:All 25 patients exhibited significant impairment in all 6 domains of the SMFA (P < .0001) as compared to the normative data. There was a high correlation between each of the 6 domains of the SMFA, even after correcting for BMI.Conclusion:Char...
Evaluation of 3D printed anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee

This case study compares a transfemoral amputee's gait while using the existing Ossur Total Knee 2000 and our novel 3D printed anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee. The anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee is 3D printed out of a carbon-fiber and nylon composite that has a gear-mesh coupling with a hard-stop weight-actuated locking mechanism aided by a cross-linked four-bar spring mechanism. This design can be scaled using anatomical dimensions of a human femur and tibia to have a unique fit for each user. The transfemoral amputee who was tested is high functioning and walked on the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) at a self-selected pace. The motion capture and force data that was collected showed that there were distinct differences in the gait dynamics. The data was used to perform the Combined Gait Asymmetry Metric (CGAM), where the scores revealed that the overall asymmetry of the gait on the Ossur Total Knee was more asymmetric than the anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee. The anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee had higher peak knee flexion that caused a large step time asymmetry. This made walking on the anatomically scalable transfemoral prosthetic knee more strenuous due to the compensatory movements in adapting to the different dynamics. This can be overcome by tuning the cross-linked spring mechanism to emulate the dynamics of the subject better. The subject stated that the knee would be good for daily use and has the potential to be adapted as a running knee.
Charge pumping with finger capacitance for body sensor energy harvesting

Sensors are becoming ubiquitous and increasingly integrated with and on the human body; powering such “body network” devices remains an outstanding problem. In this paper, we demonstrate a touch interrogation powered energy harvesting system. This system transforms the kinetic energy of a human finger to electric energy, with each tap producing approximately 1 nJ of energy at a storage capacitor. As is well known for touch display devices, the proximity of a finger can alter the effective value of small capacitances; we demonstrate that these capacitance changes can drive a current which is rectified to charge a capacitor. As a demonstration, an untethered circuit charged this way can deliver enough instantaneous power to light a red LED every ∼ 10 seconds. This technology illustrates the ability to communicate with and operate low-power sensors with motions already used for interfacing to devices.
A Constitutional Case for Amending Article 9

The long simmering debate in Japan over whether and how to amend the war-renouncing provision of the Constitution, the famous Article 9, is once again heating up. Laws are now in place for a plebiscite on the issue. The Liberal Democratic Party has published a formal amendment proposal, which would operate to eviscerate the meaningful constraints on the use of force. The left continues to oppose any and all revision, even though public opinion has begun to shift, Japan’s strategic situation has become more fraught, and external pressure for Japan to play a greater international role mounts. Amendment is more likely, and the left needs to develop meaningful proposals to counter those of the right.This short article, a chapter in The Constitution of Japan at 65: Time for a Change? (Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, 2012), suggests that there are in fact sound legal reasons why Article 9 should be amended, in ways that are consistent with its original objectives, and for the purpose of bringing it into line with current realities, while at the same time strengthening the normative power of the provision. The article begins by reviewing the meaning and operation of Article 9, focusing on the effective operation of the provision’s constraint on the use of force. Then, relying in part on conclusions drawn from more detailed theoretical analysis I have published elsewhere (Binding the Dogs of War, and Taking War Seriously), the article develops an argument for revising Article 9 to provide greater clarity as to the precise scope of the limits on the use of force; introducing new provisions to acknowledge the legitimacy of existing military forces, but to also establish clear civilian control and legislative approval powers over all use of such armed forces; and adding a new provision to clarify and reinforce the powers of judicial review over decisions relating to the use of force and deployment of armed forces. The article includes draft language for the purpose of beginning a serious conversation among the supporters of Article 9 about possible alternatives to the revisions being advanced by the LDP and others on the right. The amendment proposals provided here are designed to eliminate the harmful gap between current reality and constitutional language; preserve, clarify and strengthen the constraints on the use of force; and establish clear separation of powers with respect to the decisions to engage in armed conflict. These proposals reflect arguments drawn from theories regarding international law compliance, and arguments for the constitutional incorporation of international law principles on the use of force. They also reflect claims that the separation of powers in the context of the decision to go to war is necessary to ensure a more democratically deliberative and representative decision-making process, and thus more sober and sound judgments on the questions of war and peace.