cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate Memristive In-Memory Hamming Distance Circuit

Hamming Distance (HD) is a popular similarity measure that is used widely in pattern matching applications, DNA sequencing, and binary error-correcting codes. In this article, we extend our previous work to prove that our HD circuit is scalable, tolerant to memristor model variability, and tolerant to device-to-device variation. We showed that the operation of our circuit under non-ideal fabrication conditions changes slightly, decreasing the correct classification rates for the MNIST handwritten digits dataset by n× faster than other HD circuits, where n is the number of HDs to be computed, and it consumes ≈100× − 1,000× less power compared to other memristive and CMOS HD circuits. Used in a full HD Associative Content Addressable Memory (ACAM), the proposed HD circuit consumes only 2.2% of the total system power. Our state-of-the-art, low-power, and fast HD circuit is relevant for a wide range of applications.
A Call for Greater Attention to Culture in the Study of Brain and Development

Despite growing research on neurobiological development, little attention has been paid to cultural and ethnic variation in neurodevelopmental processes. We present an overview of the current state of developmental cognitive neuroscience with respect to its attention to cultural issues. Analyses based on 80 publications represented in five recent meta-analyses related to adolescent developmental neuroscience show that 99% of the publications used samples in Western countries. Only 22% of studies provided a detailed description of participants' racial/ethnic background, and only 18% provided for socioeconomic status. Results reveal a trend in developmental cognitive neuroscience research: The body of research is derived not only mostly from Western samples but also from participants whose race/ethnicity is unknown. To achieve a holistic perspective on brain development in different cultural contexts, we propose and highlight an emerging interdisciplinary approach-developmental cultural neuroscience-the intersection of developmental psychology, cultural psychology, and cognitive neuroscience. Developmental cultural neuroscience aims to elucidate cultural similarities and differences in neural processing across the life span. We call attention to the importance of incorporating culture into the empirical investigation of neurodevelopment.
Simultaneous Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap and Tonsillectomy: A Single Institution's Evaluation of Speech and Pain Outcomes.

ABSTRACT Controversy remains whether to perform a pharyngeal flap simultaneously with a tonsillectomy in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency. The aim of this study is to revisit the speech outcomes and complications associated with the combined superiorly based pharyngeal flap and tonsillectomy procedure, while comparing pain outcomes. We hypothesize that the combined procedure will improve speech outcomes with minimal complications, but patients will experience more pain in the combined procedure.A 5-year retrospective review of registry data from Boys Town National Research Hospital was conducted from 2014 to 2019. Data collection included age, surgeries performed, length of stay, pain medication administration occurrences, immediate postoperative complications, postoperative speech outcomes specifically related to articulation (audible nasal airway emissions) and resonance (hypernasality).Eighty-eight patients had a superiorly based pharyngeal flap over this 5-year period. Eighteen patients (20%) had a simultaneous procedure performed. There were no patients who had immediate postoperative complications such as upper airway obstruction or bleeding complications that necessitated a reoperation. One of the patients had a pharyngeal flap dehiscence that required a revision pharyngeal flap in the combined group. Nasal airway emissions and hypernasality were eliminated in 58.3% and 75%of the combined patients, respectively. The total number of narcotic administration occurrences were significantly higher in the combined group than the pharyngeal flap only group (9.0 versus 7.0; P = 0.03).A number of velopharyngeal patients will present with hypertrophied tonsils. We believe that it is safe and beneficial to perform the combined procedure in the same setting.
School Vouchers: Blessing or Curse for Catholic High Schools?

The voucher debate has thus far focused almost exclusively on elementary schools. Since Catholic and private high schools tend to be more expensive to operate than elementary schools, this article hypothesizes about the potential future impact of voucher programs on Catholic high schools.
Tools for Ergonomic Intervention: The Development and Analysis of a Cost Calculator:

The purpose of this study was to determine if safety professionals can use an ergonomic intervention costing calculator, which integrates performance and quality data into the costing matrix, to in...
Coping With and Adapting to COVID-19 in Rural United States and Canada

Guidelines aimed at slowing the spread of COVID-19 resulted in major changes in people’s lives. A cross-sectional online survey, completed by 1,405 adults in Canada and the United States in June 20...
90-Day Hospitalization as a Surrogate for Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients Treated With Magnetic Resonance-Guided Liver Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: Results of a Single-Center Retrospective Study.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) With the increased utilization of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it is important to have accurate prognostic factors for survival to guide treatment management decisions. Here, we examine 90-day hospitalization as a prognostic factor in addition to established staging systems including the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade, Child-Pugh score, and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective single-institution study analyzed 95 patients with HCC treated with SBRT from August 2017 to September 2020. Overall survival (OS) rates were retrospectively analyzed from treatment completion date to death date or last follow-up. Patients were censored from further analysis if subsequent SBRT courses were administered. Patient characteristics, 90-day hospitalization, ALBI grade, Child-Pugh score, and BCLC liver stage were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazard model and log-rank test; any significant factors on univariate analysis were subsequently analyzed in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Median overall survival among the entire cohort was 67 months (range 0-38 months). Univariate predictors of overall survival included patient sex (P = 0.02), performance status (P = 0.03), Child-Pugh score (P = 0.003), ALBI grade (P < 0.0001), as well as 90-day hospitalization (P < 0.0001). However, 90-day hospitalization itself was associated with patient male gender (26.9% vs 7.1%; P = 0.03), performance status (P < 0.0001), Child-Pugh score (P = 0.003), ALBI grade (P = 0.003), and BCLC stage (P = 0.002). In the multivariate analysis, patient male sex (P = 0.02), ALBI grade 3 (P = 0.05), and 90-day hospitalization (P = 0.03) remained significant. CONCLUSION 90-day hospitalization is a significant predictor of overall survival among patients treated with SBRT for HCC. 90-day hospitalization could be used as an early endpoint in trials evaluating liver SBRT.
Measurement-Theoretic Accounts of Propositional Attitudes

In the late 1970s and early 1980s a number of philosophers, notably Churchland, Field, Stalnaker, Dennett, and Davidson, began to argue that propositional attitude predicates (such as believes that it’s sunny outside) are a species of measure predicate, analogous in important ways to numerical predicates by which we attribute physical magnitudes (such as mass, length, and temperature). Other philosophers, including myself, have subsequently developed the idea in greater detail. In this paper I sketch the general outlines of measurement-theoretic accounts of propositional attitudes, explaining in the briefest terms the basic idea of such accounts, why some have thought such accounts plausible, how these accounts might go, what their implications might be both for our conception of propositional attitudes and for their role in cognitive scientific theorizing, and where the potential problems with such accounts might lie.
Ketamine in Non-Hospital and Hospital Deaths in New York City

We reviewed all ketamine-positive deaths (87) examined at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner over a two-year period (1997 to 1999). There were 15 non-hospital deaths with 12 due to acute multidrug intoxications, one due to sarcoidosis, and two due to physical injury (blunt and thermal). In no instance was a fatal intoxication caused exclusively by ketamine. Opiates (10/15), followed by amphetamines (7/15) and cocaine (6/15), were the most frequent co-intoxicants. Ethanol was found in only one death. The race of all decedents was white and the majority were men (11/15) between the ages of 18 and 30 years. The remaining 72 instances of positive ketamine findings were hospital deaths following surgical procedures or burns.
Sub-nanometer glass surface dynamics induced by illumination

Illumination is known to induce stress and morphology changes in opaque glasses. Amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) has a smaller bandgap than the crystal. Thus, we were able to excite with 532 nm light a 1 μm amorphous surface layer on a SiC crystal while recording time-lapse movies of glass surface dynamics by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Photoexcitation of the a-SiC surface layer through the transparent crystal avoids heating the STM tip. Up to 6 × 104 s, long movies of surface dynamics with 40 s time resolution and sub-nanometer spatial resolution were obtained. Clusters of ca. 3-5 glass forming units diameter are seen to cooperatively hop between two states at the surface. Photoexcitation with green laser light recruits immobile clusters to hop, rather than increasing the rate at which already mobile clusters hop. No significant laser heating was observed. Thus, we favor an athermal mechanism whereby electronic excitation of a-SiC directly controls glassy surface dynamics. This mechanism is supported by an exciton migration-relaxation-thermal diffusion model. Individual clusters take ∼1 h to populate states differently after the light intensity has changed. We believe the surrounding matrix rearranges slowly when it is stressed by a change in laser intensity, and clusters serve as a diagnostic. Such cluster hopping and matrix rearrangement could underlie the microscopic mechanism of photoinduced aging of opaque glasses.
Dynamic Nutrient Cycle for Waste Stabilization Ponds

Stabilization ponds provide a simple, economic, and effective method of waste treatment. There is a critical need for a reliable, predictive method for the design and analysis of stabilization ponds that goes beyond the steady state BOD approach and considers biological and nutrient dynamics. A fully-mixed, dynamic model containing eight state variables and describing the transformations of three elements—carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus—is developed. The model reflects the cycling of elements between organic and inorganic forms and is capable of predicting oxygen demand, fecal coliform, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations on a time-variable basis. The model structure adequately simulates the stabilization pond environment. Calibration and verification runs have established values and ranges for the rate coefficients.
Thomas Rowlandson’s Vauxhall Gardens: The Lives of a Print

While there have been many reception studies of verbal texts, it is only recently that we have begun to explore the historical and cultural contexts of interpretations of eighteenth-century visual print culture. Given that Thomas Rowlandson’s 1784 watercolor Vauxhall Gardens has become the definitive image of that famous pleasure garden, and has given rise to many complex and contradictory readings, a reception history of this beguiling print is long overdue. Tracing the print’s reception from Henry Angelo, an old, school friend of Rowlandson’s, through David Coke and Alan Borg’s 2011 sumptuous cultural history of the gardens, this article concludes with a closer look at a version of the print that has only recently come to light. Part of the Paul Mellon Collection housed at the Yale Center for British Art, this image, perhaps a trial version, contains a surprising figure that is absent from the more familiar watercolor. At center left, just behind the figures that have often been identified as the Duchess of Devonshire and Lady Duncannon, stands a man who appears to be holding a drawing pad with which to capture the likeness of the viewer who stands before him, or, better yet, the likeness of the artist who faces the crowd and sketches the scene captured in Vauxhall Gardens , in other words, Rowlandson himself. An endless of hall of mirrors in which we can gaze at ourselves gazing at others gazing at us, Rowlandson’s Vauxhall Gardens is indeed a print with many lives.
An Analysis of Judicial Opinions in Same-Sex Visitation and Adoption Cases

There are two broad categories of family court decisions involving same-sex “second-parents”: first, cases where a second-parent is seeking visitation with her former partner's children; and second, adoption cases where the couple is seeking legal recognition of the second-parent's role in raising the children. Several jurisdictions grant same-sex second-parent adoptions; however, lesbian or gay second-parents, without a formal legal relationship with the children have rarely been successful in their attempts for visitation. In this paper the courts' analyses of the legal arguments made by the parties is reviewed. The results indicate that similar arguments are used in each of the different types of cases, but that the courts rely more heavily on statutory interpretation in the adoption cases.
The development of frequency resolution in humans as revealed by the auditory brain‐stem response recorded with notched‐noise masking

Studies of tuning in infants have reported that auditory brain‐stem response (ABR) tuning curves generated using low‐frequency probes are adultlike by 3 months of age while high‐frequency tuning curves remain immature [Folsom and Wynne, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 412–417 (1987)]. Behavioral studies have similarly reported adultlike low‐frequency psychoacoustic tuning curves by 3 months with high‐frequency tuning curves immature until approximately 6 months of age [L. Olsho, Infant Behav. Dev. 8, 371–384 (1985); Spetner and Olsho, Child Dev. 61, 632–652 (1990); Schneider et al., J. Exp. Psych.: Human Percept. Perform. 16, 642–652 (1990)]. Prior to this experiment, there have been no ABR studies of the development of frequency resolution for infants older than 3 months. In this study, notched‐noise tuning functions were constructed from wave‐V amplitude data for 3‐month‐old, 6‐month‐old, and adult subjects. Tone‐pip stimuli at 1000, 4000, and 8000 Hz (50 dB nHL) were presented simultaneously with notched‐noise masking centered at frequencies related to the tone‐pip frequency (1/3‐oct intervals above and below the probe frequency). By plotting wave‐V amplitude across notched‐noise center frequency, isointensity tuning functions were generated for the three subject groups at the three probe frequencies. Auditory filter width (Q) and slope (dB/oct) were measured from each notched‐noise tuning function in order to quantify degree of tuning. Consistent with previous studies, results showed that 3‐month‐old infants do not have adultlike tuning for high‐frequency stimulation (8000 Hz). In contrast, by 6 months of age, tuning‐function width (Q) is adultlike for both high‐ and low‐frequency probes. These results, combined with previously reported evidence that the human cochlea is fully tuned at birth [Abdala et al., submitted to Hear. Res. (1995); Bargones and Burns, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1809–1816 (1988)], suggest that immaturities in the auditory‐neural system contribute to the broad high‐frequency tuning consistently observed in 3‐month‐old human infants.
Modeling and control of biological systems with multiple afferent and efferent transmission delays

Biological systems are highly nonlinear, have at least one pair of muscles actuating every degree of freedom at any joint, and possess neural transmission delays in their feedforward (efferent) and feedback (afferent) paths. The modeling and control of such systems for nominally small trajectories, such that linear analysis applies, is the subject of this article. In these systems, coactivation of pairs of muscles for every degree of freedom stabilizes the system: therefore the open loop system is stable. The purpose of feedback is to decouple the links, coordinate the movement of the linkages, execute tasks under relatively large delays, and control the pole positions. Robustness and insensitivity to disturbance are other attributes of feedback that are also considered in this article. Robots of the future may have similar delays in their feedback and feedforward paths. The robotic delays are primarily computational, and have two major sources. The first source is computational delays brought about by better vision and tactile systems in the robot and the integration of all sensory modalities. The second source of delays is due to computations needed for indirect measurements of desired physical attributes and quantities. The main results of this paper, therefore, can be extended to robots whose capabilities extend beyond the robots of today, and are capable of more sophisticated tasks including communication and collaboration with humans. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Treating patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder—SCDA members’ attitudes and behavior

The goal of this study was to explore (a) the attitudes and behavior of members of the Special Care Dentistry Association (SCDA) who self-identified as treating patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and (b) the relationship between their professional attitudes and behaviors concerning these patients. Data were collected from 75 SCDA members who responded to an anonymous web-based survey on the SCDA website. The majority of respondents liked to treat children and adults with ASD (57%/56.9%). They treated approximately nine patients with ASD in an average week. The more they liked to treat children with ASD, the more patients with ASD they treated (r .313; p .018), and the more accommodations to overcome problems with communication, social interactions and aversion to change they made (r .404; p .001). Providers’ attitudes concerning patients with ASD were quite positive and correlated with professional behavior concerning these patients. Future research should explore whether improving attitudes towards providing care for special needs patients could increase professional behavior and thus contribute to reducing the access to care problems these patients face.
Evaluating the Drug-Abusing Probationer Clinical Interview Versus Self-Administered Assessment

Practitioners working in drug treatment programs within the criminal justice system often must choose between the clinical benefits of the counselor-client interview and the time savings of self-administered instruments. The Brief Background Assessment (BBA), an intake instrument, was administered to clients in a probation-based drug treatment program as both a structured interview and as a self-administered assessment. Agreement between the two administrations was high across all areas assessed by the BBA. Likewise, nonagreeing responses were distributed randomly, across administration type. The results suggest that information collected by a self-administered intake assessment such as the BBA provides information similar to that gathered by interview-based intake assessments.
Temporal notions of synchronization and consistency in Beehive

An important attribute in the specification of many compute-intensive applications is “time”. Simulation of interactive virtual environments is one such domain. There is a mismatch between the synchronization and consistency guarantees needed by such applications (which are temporal in nature) and the guarantees offered by current shared memory systems. Consequently, programming such applications using standard shared memory style synchronization and communication is cumbersome. Furthermore, such applications offer opportunities for relaxing both the synchronization and consistency requirements along the temporal dimension. In this work, we develop a temporal programming model that is more intuitive for the development of applications that need temporal correctness guarantees. This model embodies two mechanisms: “delta consistency” – a novel time-based correctness criterion to govern the shared memory access guarantees, and a companion “temporal synchronization” – a mechanism for thread synchronization along the time axis. These mechanisms are particularly appropriate for expressing the requirements in interactive application domains. In addition to the temporal programming model, we develop efficient explicit communication mechanisms that aggressively push the data out to “future” consumers to hide the read miss latency at the receiving end. We implement these mechanisms on a cluster of workstations in a software distributed shared memory architecture called “Beehive.” Using a virtual environment application as the driver, we show the efficacy of the proposed mechanisms in meeting the real time requirements of such applications.
Almost Sure Comparisons of Renewal Processes and Poisson Processes, with Application to Reliability Theory

If the interarrival times of a renewal process {Si, i = 0, 1, 2...} have a failure rate function which is bounded away from 0 and ∞, then it is possible to construct nonhomogeneous Poisson processes {Ti0, i = 0, 1, 2,...} and {Ti1, i = 0, 1, 2,...} on the same probability space with {Si, i = 0, 1, 2,...} such that {T00, T10, T20,...} ⊂ {S0, S1, S2,...} ⊂ {T01, T11, T21,...} almost surely. This has applications to the reliability theory of maintained systems. If the components of a maintained coherent system have exponential lifetimes and NWU repair times, then an initially perfect system will have a NBU distribution of time until first system failure. Furthermore, transient availability is greater than steady-state availability.
Perceptions about the Objectives of Student Teaching

Abstract This investigation examined perceptions of student teachers, cooperating teachers, and university supervisors about the importance and achievement of objectives of the student teaching experience. Perceptions between student teachers and cooperating teachers and between student teachers and university supervisors about the importance of objectives were significantly related. No significant relationship was found between perceptions of cooperating teachers and those of university supervisors. A significant relationship existed between perceptions of student teachers and those of cooperating teachers and between the perceptions of cooperating teachers and those of university supervisors about the achievement of objectives. No significant relationship was found between perceptions of student teachers and those of university supervisors. A comparison of perceptions about the importance of the objectives and the achievement of the objectives showed no significant relationship between the two sets of p...
RUBIDIUM AS A MARKER FOR MEXICAN BEAN BEETLES, EPILACHNA VARIVESTIS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

Mexican bean beetles, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, were marked with rubidium by allowing larvae and adults to feed on foliage of bean plants treated with a rubidium chloride solution. Detection of rubidium was effected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Adults which had fed for 4 days on rubidium-chloride-treated plants then transferred to untreated plants contained elevated levels of rubidium up to 34 days. The presence of rubidium was not detectable in the progeny of treated beetles at levels significantly different from controls. Consumption of rubidium-chloride-treated foliage produced no observable detrimental effects on the beetles. The technique allowed them to acquire a relatively permanent label through their normal feeding activity.
Women creating machinima

We interviewed 13 female machinima artists to investigate the appeal of machinima for women. Are there any specific qualities of this game-based production that speak to those women? The research looked at engine use, personal situation of artists and motivation, production processes and dominant themes in female produced machinima. Our findings indicate that machinima as a form of emergent play opens up promising possibilities for women to engage in game and animation production. Traditional social roles of women are present and remain relevant for machinima production but the accessibility of the tools provides a playground for these filmmakers to explore new genres and technologies and it supports the interest in meaningful engagement and artistic expression stated by participants in the study. We conclude that machinima can serve as a useful tool to explore and improve women's position in digital media development.
The state of the service: a survey of psychiatry resident education in psychosomatic medicine.

Background Although required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, training of general psychiatry residents in Psychosomatic Medicine (PM) varies significantly between programs. In 1996, the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine (APM) developed guidelines for residency training in PM. Since then, there has been no assessment of the status of PM training during psychiatry residency. Objective Assessment of the current state of PM training in U.S. psychiatry residency programs. Method A 46-item questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 206 residency directors. Four major areas were assessed: the timing and duration of the PM rotation, level of faculty supervision, didactic curriculum, and role (or potential role) of the APM in residency education. Results Ninety-two surveys were returned (response rate 45%). Forty-four (54%) of the general psychiatry residencies reported the total duration of the C-L rotation as being between 3 and 6 months (including both full- and part-time rotation). Only 38 (46%) programs' residents complete their PM experience in 1 year of residency. The average Full-Time Equivalent of teaching faculty per service was 1.74 (standard deviation 0.92). Sixty-four (77%) programs have a formal didactic curriculum in C-L. Eighty-one (98%) respondents were aware of the APM. Fifty-eight (70%) had APM members among faculty. The most popular responses on how the APM could best serve training programs were the creation of a subspecialty curriculum (73%) as well as the development of a competency-based evaluation tool (66%). Conclusions There is significant variation in how residents are taught PM during their training. The APM is a well-recognized organization that may define what constitutes adequate residency training in PM and may help programs fulfill the educational needs of residents.
Proton magnetic resonance studies of the solvation of representative halides and of gallium (III) perchlorate in acetonitrile

Abstract At low temperatures the proton magnetic resonance signals of coordinated acetonitrile in the solutions of some group (III) and group (V) representative element halides and of Ga +3 ion can be distinguished from those of bulk acetonitrile. From the relative intensities of these signals the solvation numbers of the metal halides and Ga +3 ion were determined. Reduction in the solvation number of some complexes from the expected value was observed and is explained in terms of contact ion-pair formation. The spectrum of Ga +3 ion solution contains two distinctive signals for coordinated acetonitrile. The relative intensities of these signals vary with temperature but are independent of concentration. This is explained in terms of an equilibrium between two kinetically distinguishable solvated Ga +3 species. From the temperature dependence of the proton relaxation rates the solvent exchange parameters k 1 , δH DG and δS ‡ were calculated for various systems. Variations in the kinetic parameters among the different complexes are discussed in terms of the structure of the complex and the effect of anion participation in the coordination sphere of the complex.
Acculturation, Medication Adherence, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Blood Pressure Control Among Arab Americans

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between acculturation, medication adherence, lifestyle behaviors (e.g., physical activity, nutrition, weight control), and blood pressure control among hypertensive Arab Americans. Design: The study utilized a cross-sectional descriptive design. A convenience sample of 126 participants completed questionnaires and had measures of blood pressure, weight, and height. Forty-six participants were hypertensive and were included in the analysis. Results: Only 29.2% of participants reported high medication adherence. High medication adherence was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, eating a healthy diet, and following lifestyle modifications. Acculturation was significantly associated with physical activity and body mass index. Conclusion: Our study found that acculturated participants were more adherent to medications and physical activity and had better blood pressure control. Further studies are needed to explore how acculturation impr...
Influence of liner thickness on wave propagation in ducts

The acoustic characteristics of a point-reacting duct liner that consists of a porous facing sheet backed by cellular cavities are derived by examining the wave propagation within the liner. The relation between the derived expression for the liner acoustic admittance and a semi-empirical formula that is widely used in the literature is discussed. The influence of the liner on acoustic propagation in a duct is examined for the case of a plane duct that carries a uniform mean flow. Numerical results for the attenuation rates vs. frequency are presented. These results are of three types: (a) comparisons with previously published results for no backing cavity and no mean flow are made, and these results are extended to include the effects of the mean flow; (b) results of parametric variations of the liner dimensions are presented to assess the relative influences of the facing-sheet thickness and the cavity depth; (c) results from the derived expression for liner specific admittance and from the semi-empirical formula are compared in order to determine the significance of the wave propagation within the porous material and to determine the range of validity of the semi-empirical formula.
High frequency targeting of genes to specific sites in the mammalian genome

We corrected a defective gene residing in the chromosome of a mammalian cell by injecting into the nucleus copies of the same gene carrying a different mutation. We determined how the number, the arrangement, and the chromosomal position of the integrated gene, as well as the number of injected molecules influence the gene-targeting frequency. Recombination between the newly introduced DNA and its chromosomal homolog occurred at a frequency of 1 in 10(3) cells receiving DNA. Correction events were mediated by either double reciprocal recombination or gene conversion. This resulted in sequences in the genome being replaced by sequences of the introduced DNA or, in separate experiments, sequences in the incoming DNA being replaced by chromosomal sequences. Both point mutations and deletion mutations were corrected; however, the nature of the mutation carried by the respective sequence influenced whether the integrated or injected sequence was corrected.
Literature review of material flow control mechanisms

Abstract We review mechanisms which control the flow or material into and within a manufacturing line. These material flow control (MFC) mechanisms address the problem of when to release material into a manufacturing line and when workcentres should be authorized to produce. The MFC mechanisms reviewed include: Kanban, CONWIP, workload regulating, starvation avoidance, BORA, maximum load limit, MRP, the base stock system, workload control, and production authorization cards.
Pedogenesis on talus slopes, the Buckskin range, Nevada, USA

Abstract Soil development on steep mountainous topography generally leads to thin and undifferentiated pedons. On talus slopes of the Buckskin Mountains, a fault-blocked range of west-central Nevada, USA, thick, differentiated pedons occur. Talus occurs on the western front where block rotation has formed very steep slopes and consists of angular dacite cobbles and boulders. The study area is arid, averaging less than 20 cm of precipitation per year. Typical pedons consist of surface talus filled with vesicular, non-structured, sandy loam to loam material. This material overlies clay-textured, prismatic- and blocky-structured horizons, mostly rock-free that, in places, are over 1 m thick. Pedons are classified as fine, mixed, mesic Xeralfic Paleargids. Soil macro- and micromorphological features, soil mineralogy, and soil chemical and physical attributes suggest the following developmental sequence which began sometime before the middle Pleistocene. The talus serves as a baffle to collect eolian dust. Once eolian dust accumulates to a threshold thickness, primary minerals are transformed, in situ, mostly to a smectitic clay. As clay content increases, a second threshold level is reached at which time the horizon of clay enrichment has sufficient strength and shrink-swell potential to support and raft the talus upward. The exposed talus can then continue to trap eolian dust, the soil profile thickens, and the pedon is protected from erosion. A variation of this soil cumulation process may be partially responsible for textural-B horizon formation in avid and semiarid climates.
Superfluid turbulence in counterflow and pure superflow

Abstract Temperature difference measurements in thermal counterflow and in pure superflow of He II are used to compare the superfluid turbulence produced in each case. Three qualitative differences are apparent and these are discussed.
Hypertonicity stimulates PGE2 signaling in the renal medulla by promoting EP3 and EP4 receptor expression

Hypertonicity in the renal medulla stimulates local cyclooxygenase 2 expression, leading to abundant PGE 2 production. Here we found that mRNA expression by the PGE 2 -activated G-protein-coupled receptors, EP3 and EP4 in the renal medulla was decreased by furosemide treatment, a procedure that reduces medullary hypertonicity. When HepG2 cells were cultured in hypertonic conditions by addition of salt or sorbitol, EP3 expression was induced. A specific EP3 agonist inhibited cAMP production, indicating receptor functionality, and this led to a substantial increase in cell survival in hypertonic media. Survival was independent of the SLC5A3 inositol transporter and aldose reductase expression, suggesting that EP3 promoted cell survival under hypertonic conditions independent of cellular organic osmolyte accumulation. Reduced cAMP production did not contribute to increased survival. EP4 expression was stimulated by hypertonicity in MDCK and HepG2 cells, which was associated with increased cAMP production in response to an EP4 agonist. Our study shows that local hypertonicity promotes PGE 2 signaling in the renal medulla by stimulating cognate receptor and cyclooxygenase 2 expression that likely regulates local hemodynamics and tubular transport.
Particulate matter emission rates from beef cattle feedlots in Kansas—Reverse dispersion modeling

Open beef cattle feedlots emit various air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM) with equivalent aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm or less (PM10); however limited research has quantified PM10 emission rates from feedlots. This research was conducted to determine emission rates of PM10 from large cattle feedlots in Kansas. Concentrations of PM10 at the downwind and upwind edges of two large cattle feedlots (KS1 and KS2) in Kansas were measured with tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) PM10 monitors from January 2007 to December 2008. Weather conditions at the feedlots were also monitored. From measured PM10 concentrations and weather conditions, PM10 emission rates were determined using reverse modeling with the American Meteorological Society/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Regulatory Model (AERMOD). The two feedlots differed significantly in median PM10 emission flux (1.60 g/m2-day for KS1 vs. 1.10 g/m2-day for KS2) but not in PM10 emission factor (27 kg/1000 head-day for KS1 and 30 kg/1000 head-day KS2). These emission factors were smaller than published U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission factor for cattle feedlots.
Reducing ocean surface specular reflection in WorldView-2 images

Exploitation of satellite and aircraft imagery for ocean color applications is limited by the extent to which an accurate atmospheric correction can be accomplished. Characterizing specular reflection off the sea surface is one component of this correction. The WorldView-2 configuration with two multi-spectral focal planes separated by the panchromatic focal plane and a 0.2 second offset in data collection between the two multi-spectral focal planes creates a challenging specular reflection correction scenario. On June 11, 2010 DigitalGlobe, Inc. imaged the Moreton Bay, Australia region seven times between 00:26:07 and 00:27:55 GMT with the WorldView-2 sensor. The atmosphere was exceptionally clear as confirmed by AERONET data collected at the University of Queensland in Brisbane. Specular reflection varied widely among the seven images. With the rapid imaging of the sequence of images other atmospheric and oceanic variable elements can be assumed to be effectively constant making this dataset ideal for testing glint reduction techniques. Glint reduction techniques are compared to identify which technique results in the least variable image sequence of remote sensing reflectances and greatest reduction of spatial glint-induced variability within a glint contaminated image.
Validating the Management Education by Internet Readiness (MEBIR) Scale With Samples of American, Chinese, and Mexican Students

In this study, the authors validated a scale that measures Management Education by Internet Readiness (MEBIR) using American, Chinese, and Mexican students. The authors analyzed scale properties as well as prospects for Internet-delivered management education programs in China and Mexico. Findings supported the integrity of the original scale and its distinction from one's self-management ability. The MEBIR scale represents a good first step toward a standardized assessment and identification of those most likely to benefit from Internet-mediated education and training efforts.
Electron-rich three-center bonding: role of s,p interactions across the p-block.

This paper analyzes the importance of s,p mixing-a necessary addition to the simplest Rundle-Pimentel picture-and periodic and group trends in electron-rich three-center bonding. Our analysis proceeds through a detailed quantum chemical study of the stability of electron-rich three-center bonding in triatomic 22-valence electron anions, To provide interpretations, a perturbational molecular orbital (MO) analysis of s,p mixing is carried out. This analysis of the orbitals and the overlap populations is then tested by density functional calculations for a number of linear trihalides, trichalcogenides, and tripnictides. The most important effect of s,p mixing on the in-line bonding is in destabilization of the 3sigma(g) orbital and is determined by the overlap between the s orbital of the central atom and the p orbital of the terminal atom. Further destabilization arises from the repulsion of p, lone pairs. Both of these antibonding effects increase with increasing negative charge of the system. The stability of isoelectronic X-3 systems thus decreases when moving from right to left in the periodic table. Interesting group trends are discerned; for instance, for the electron-rich tripnictides, the ability to accommodate a hypervalent electron count is the largest in the middle rather at the end of the roup. Particularly strong s,p mixing can reverse the bonding/antibonding character of MOs: thus MO 2sigma(u) that is responsible for bonding for trihalides and trichalcogenides is actually antibonding in N-3(7-).
Linear free energy relations and solvent effects for complexes of m -cresol and various bases

The enthalpies, entropies, and equilibrium constants for the hydrogen bonded complexes of m-cresol with ten bases in cyclohexane solvent have been determined by calorimetric and spectroscopic methods. The logarithm of the equilibrium constant correlates well with the dipole moment of the base and the solvatochromic parameter β which measures the electron donating ability of the base. The enthalpy and entropy data show that the dipole term does not enter into the log K correlation as a consequence of electrostatic interactions between acid and base in the complex. The free base-solvent interaction, which appears to be dipolar in origin, reduces the entropy of the free base and hence contributes to a favorable entropy change for complex formation. The present data are compared to previously reported data obtained in CCl4 solvent. Solvent effects on the thermodynamic parameters in CCl4 and cyclohexane appear to be related to dipolar interactions by m-cresol and the bases with the two solvents.
Oil Identification Based on a Goodness-of-Fit Metric Applied to Hydrocarbon Analysis Results

Abstract Assessment of environmental damage following accidental oil spills requires reliable oil identification methods. Results from hydrocarbon analyses of environmental samples are often difficult to interpret, because of the changes in oil composition (or weathering) that follows release into the environment, and because of confounding by hydrocarbons from other sources. To a first-order approximation, weathering proceeds according to simple first-order loss-rate (FOLR) kinetics for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) based on molecular size. This relationship between relative weathering rate and molecular size can be exploited to infer the initial PAH composition of spilled oils, and this information can be combined with results for weathering-invariant analytes to substantially increase the precision and accuracy of hydrocarbon source recognition methods. The approach presented here evaluates a goodness-of-fit metric between the measured hydrocarbon composition of an environmental sample and a suspected source, after correcting for PAH weathering losses based on FOLR kinetics. Variability from analytical and sampling error may thus be accounted for, and source identifications can be expressed as objective probability statements. This approach is illustrated by application to four independent case studies.
A study on RFID-based Kanban system in inventory management

Using technology has been widely expanded in our contemporary world, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the most recent methods that is widespread through different areas. RFID has multiple considerable applications with continues advantages such as batch readability, process capability, resistance to harsh environment and information storage. However recent researches are challenging RFID capability and its advantages in supply chain. In this paper we will go through multiple of these challenges and study how they can be solved and turn in to RFID benefits. In addition, we will discuss the inventory management and its importance for a firm and we will show how RFID technology can be used there. Moreover, we will introduce a study about application of RFID on Kanban inventory approach. This study will evaluate the opportunity of using RFID-based Kanban inventory management over two-bin Kanban inventory management.
Limitations of single-channel EEG on the forehead for neonatal seizure detection.

In amplitude-integrated EEG, lead placement across the forehead is convenient, but this location has unknown effects on neonatal seizure (NS) detection sensitivity. This study describes the limits of NS detection by a single forehead EEG channel. Records were taken from a digital library of conventional EEGs (CEEGs) with NS, previously characterized at a bicentral channel, C3 → C4. We analyzed electrographic characteristics in a single forehead channel, Fp3 → Fp4. A total of 330 seizures from 125 CEEGs were included. With Fp3 → Fp4, at least one NS was detected in 66% of records vs 90% using C3 → C4 (P<0.0001). Of 330 seizures, 46% appeared in Fp3 → Fp4 vs 73% in C3 → C4 (P<0.0001). Seizures appeared briefer in Fp3 → Fp4 than C3 → C4 (P<0.006) and CEEG (P<0.0001). NSs are significantly more difficult to detect with a single forehead channel than bicentrally or on CEEG. In Fp3 → Fp4, a third of records with seizures were missed and over half of seizures were undetected.
Case Studies of Surges in Nonmarital Births

SUMMARY This paper reviews explanations which attribute the recent dramatic surge in nonmarital births in the U.S. either to economic-labor force dislocations or to more tolerant social values. The contemporary debate is shown to coincide with the two theoretical positions taken by historical demographers trying to account for the very rapid upturn in nonmarital births that occurred with the onset of the industrial revolution. While reflecting on the two opposing positions, this study surveys economic and value changes in 11 different places that experienced large surges in out-of-wedlock births between 1590 and 1985. In every case inspected, striking increases in nonmarital births were associated with marked economic downturns and related labor force changes. However, conspicuously greater permissiveness, or weaker moral restraints, also accompanied most of the surges.