cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kidney Transplantation in the Hyperimmunized Patient

Individuals who have developed anti-HLA class I and II antibodies are said to be immunized or sensitized. High levels of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies present at the time of transplantation frequently result in early allograft loss due to humoral rejection. Lower levels of donor specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) are also associated with poor outcome. Technological advances in tissue typing permit the detection of low levels of DSA not seen with standard cytotoxicity cross-match tests. These tests which previously were used to screen patients to avoid transplantation of donor-immunized patients are now being used to stratify patients based on their degree of donor alloreactivity. New protocols have been developed which permit successful transplantation despite the presence of DSA. These protocols utilize intravenous immunoglobulin infusions prior to transplantation, either alone or in combination with plasmapheresis to block or remove DSA. Using these protocols many persons previously considered essentially nontransplantable are now able to successfully receive transplants. Improved recognition of the clinicopathological characteristics of humoral rejection have allowed earlier diagnosis and treatment of antibody-mediated allograft injury and improved the outcome. Although these advances have improved the outlook for highly immunized kidney transplant candidates, more study is needed to delineate the optimal approach to transplantation in this population.
Comparison of nonlinear conjugate-gradient methods for computing the electronic properties of nanostructure architectures

In this article we report on our efforts to test and expand the current state-of-the-art in eigenvalue solvers applied to the field of nanotechnology. We singled out the nonlinear conjugate gradients (CG) methods as the backbone of our efforts for their previous success in predicting the electronic properties of large nanostructures and made a library of three different solvers (two recent and one new) that we integrated into the parallel PESCAN (Parallel Energy SCAN) code [3] to perform a comparison.
The Maekawa Commission Reports and the Potential Constraints on Internationalization

The original Maekawa Commission Report was released amid a lot of domestic and international publicity on April 7, 1986, and, expectedly, it received a great deal of attention around the world. Most people abroad believed that this was the first time that the topic of internationalization of the economy was raised in Japan. Consequently, they characterized the characterized the report as a historic event. Undoubtedly, the report was important because it was prepared by Prime Minister Nakasone’s private “brain trust, ” therefore reflecting his views. Moreover, the report was released at a time when Japan’s current and trade account surpluses had reached new heights.
Watching the Hayward Fault

The Hayward fault, located on the east side of the San Francisco Bay, represents a natural laboratory for seismologists, because it does not sleep silently between major earthquakes. In his Perspective, Simpson discusses the study by BA¼rgmann et al., who have used powerful new techniques to study the fault. The results indicate that major earthquakes cannot originate in the northern part of the fault. However, surface-rupturing earthquakes have occurred in the area, suggesting that they originated to the north or south of the segment studied by BA¼rgmann et al. Fundamental questions remain regarding the mechanism by which plate tectonic stresses are transferred to the Hayward fault.
Protein digestion and absorption in human small intestine.

Abstract The extent of digestion and absorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) of a mixed meal was quantitatively examined in 6 healthy volunteers by means of a 5-lumen intestinal tube with perfused segments in the proximal jejunum and terminal ileum and a nonperfused sampling site in the proximal ileum. At all times throughout the 4-hr postprandial test periods, the ratio of protein to the polyethylene glycol (PEG) meal marker in the proximal jejunal samples was approximately 40% of protein to PEG ratio of the meal, indicating digestion and/or absorption of 60% of meal protein at this level. In the terminal ileum, the protein to PEG ratio was less than 1% of the original meal. About 0.5 g of protein passed through the terminal ileum during the test period. A protein band electrophoretically coincident with BSA on SDS-polyacrylamide gels was detected in samples from the proximal jejunum and proximal ileum throughout the study, but was not found in the terminal ileal samples. The ratio of amino acids to oligopeptides was constant throughout the small intestine. About 200 mg of free amino acid or oligopeptide nitrogen passed into the colon during the 4 hr after the meal ingestion. Trypsin concentration was similar in jejunum and proximal ileum; however, when corrected for reduction of intraluminal volume in the terminal ileum, it was 8% of activity in the proximal jejunum. This study indicates that quantitative digestion and absorption of a protein, BSA, is complete by the time an ingested meal has traversed the total small intestine, and that the ileum is important for the completion of the process.
Reply to Sullivan and Cruz: Defense of a simplified physical model

We thank Sullivan and Cruz for their thoughtful letter (1). They raise a very important point: an ignited strip of nitrocellulose is not a wildfire. The two systems differ in fuel, topography, and flame dynamics—to say nothing of scaling; direct links between them are difficult to draw. With this point, we agree completely.
A plea for applied geology

L'histoire de la geologie appliquee est ici presentee. L'auteur tente d'expliquer la valeur et l'interet de cette discipline autant que ses origines. Il demontre de quelle maniere certaines donnees economiques ont contribue a developper la science geologique au 19e siecle et au debut du 20e siecle. En presentant la geologie appliquee, ses institutions, pratiques, problemes et theories, l'auteur suggere une histoire differente de la geologie, celle qui integre l'etude technique des mines et des exploitations minieres combinee a des theories sur la terre. Pour les historiens en science et technologie, cet article situe la geologie appliquee au centre des recherches scientifiques entre science, technologie et industrie.
Activation and Coupling

Formation of an amide bond between two amino acids is an energy-requiring reaction. Carboxylic acids do react with amines at elevated temperatures and amides can be produced this way. For instance, ammonium acetate can be converted to acetamide by heating. The temperatures, however, at which such transformations occur far exceed the limits considered safe for complex peptides. In fact, peptide synthesis is usually performed at or below room temperature and coupling methods which involve heating of the reaction mixture are regarded as not generally useful. Therefore, in order to form a peptide bond, one of the groups that will produce the desired amide, either the carboxyl or the amino group, must be activated.
The future role of quality assurance in monitoring and research in the Antarctic

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of quality assurance (QA), which is a necessary component of environmental quality monitoring. It is not only necessary to ensure that reliable data results within a project, but that the data are also comparable to data resulting from other projects. Elements of any QA program include—testing of candidate's analytical laboratories before any actual field samples are collected, training of field team in the proper way to collect and document the collection of field samples, adequate use of blanks, spiked blanks, reference materials (RMs) and the performance of duplicate analysis, participation in a QA program that extends beyond the organization performing the monitoring, and, for monitoring program that subscribes to a performance driven QA program, and method documentation with time. An added QA element is the confirmatory analysis that should be performed by an exchange of sample splits among laboratories participating in the monitoring effort. When all elements of QA/QC are adhered to, laboratory performance is not only adequate for the purpose of producing reliable data, but laboratory performance actually improves with time.
Effects of sensory deprivation on the developing mouse olfactory system: a light and electron microscopic, morphometric analysis

Closure of the nostril by electrocauterization on postnatal day (PN) 1 or 2 was used to study effects of olfactory deprivation on developing olfactory epithelium (OE) and bulb (OB) in CD-1 mice. No damage was observed in OE sections 1 or 3 days after closure, and at PN 30 no difference was found in the number of OE receptors between closed and open sides. Odor deprivation and a decrease in functional activity in experimental bulbs was evident from deoxyglucose autoradiographs at PN 21 and PN 30. At PN 30 deprived bulbs appeared smaller than nondeprived bulbs. Nissl stains revealed normal cytoarchitecture, but a protargol stain demonstrated fewer intraglomerular dendrites in deprived bulbs. At PN 30, volumes of deprived bulbs were 26% smaller than nondeprived bulbs. The volume of each bulbar lamina was 13 to 35% smaller than the comparable nondeprived lamina except for the ventricular/subependymal zone which was not significantly different between bulbs. Volumes of bulbs contralateral to the closed naris and the volumes of their laminae were not significantly different from control bulbs, suggesting no hypertrophy of nondeprived laminae. Deprivation did not affect the number of mitral cells seen at PN 30, their nuclear size, or their number of nucleoli. Lateral olfactory tract cross-sectional area was also unaffected by deprivation. Mitral cell perikaryal size, however, was smaller in deprived bulbs. Soma surface areal density of deprived mitral-to-granule cell synapses in deprived bulbs was 65% of the nondeprived density, while the density of granule-to-mitral cell synapses was only 46% of the nondeprived density. It is concluded that neonatal naris closure brings about a functional deprivation of the OB without receptor degeneration. Neonatal olfactory deprivation affects the perikaryal surface area but not the number of mitral cells. Also, deprivation markedly affects the reciprocal synapses between mitral and granule cells. Olfactory sensation thus appears necessary for normal development of OB neurons and synapses.
Holding On and Letting Go Residential Mobility During Widowhood

Longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics are used to study residential mobility before and after entry into widowhood. An event-history analysis is employed to test the Litwak and Longino proposal that entrance into widowhood stimulates residential mobility. Widowhood is a triggering mechanism, with the peak of moving occurring in the 1st year of widowhood, preceded by a gradual rise in the probability of a move and followed by a gradual decline in that probability. Eventually, the majority of widowed persons move, but after 20 years of widowhood 40%o are estimated to still be in the home they occupied when they were widowed. Age at widowhood, health, duration of residence, educational attainment, excess space, income, race, homeownership, and single family residence affect holding on and letting go. Moving during widowhood is made more complex by changes over time in the way age at widowhood, income, and tenure status influence moving.
Identification of a Tyrosine in the Agonist Binding Site of the Homomeric ρ1 γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Receptor That, When Mutated, Produces Spontaneous Opening

Abstract Mutagenesis of recombinant ρ1 γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors has previously identified five residues in the amino terminal extracellular domain that play an important role in GABA binding. Here, we present evidence that the tyrosine at position 102 of the ρ1 receptor is also associated with the agonist binding site. Wild-type and mutant ρ1 receptors were expressed inXenopus laevis oocytes and examined using the two-electrode voltage clamp. When Tyr-102 was mutated to cysteine, serine, tryptophan, or glycine the EC50 increased 31-, 214-, 664-, and 8752-fold, respectively. An increase in the IC50 was also observed for the competitive antagonist 3-APMPA, but not for the non-competitive antagonist picrotoxin. Y102C was accessible to modification by methanethiosulfonate, and this modification was prevented by both GABA and 3-APMPA. An interesting characteristic of the Y102S mutant receptor was that, in the absence of GABA, there was an unusually high oocyte resting conductance that was blocked by both 3-APMPA and picrotoxin, indicating spontaneously opening GABA receptors. It appears that mutation of Tyr-102 perturbs the binding site and gates the pore. We conclude that Tyr-102 is a component of the GABA binding domain and speculate that Tyr-102 might be important for coupling agonist binding to channel opening.
Self‐esteem, self‐concept, and the life goals and sex‐role attitudes of college students1

Questionnaires that assessed self-esteem, self-concept, educational goals, career goals, preferred and expected career commitment, and sex-role attitudes were completed by 884 male and female undergraduates representing two racial groups and two age groups. Men and women did not differ significantly in terms of self-esteem, but the men described themselves as more attractive than did the women in their age group. For the 18–25-year-old white women, an intelligent, unconventional, and/or nonreligious self-concept predicts nontraditional goals and feminist attitudes, and the interaction between self-esteem and socioeconomic status influences educational goals and sex-role attitudes. For the 18–25-year-old white men, a physically strong and intelligent self-concept predicts higher educational goals and traditional career goals, and lower self-described strength and religiousness and greater intelligence predict more feminist attitudes. Physical self-concept is unrelated to goals or attitudes for the female samples. Self-concept is less strongly predictive of goals and attitudes for the black women and the older men and women. Possible reasons for the sample differences and implications for related research are discussed.
Giving Psychological Science Away: The Role of Applications Courses:

The applicability of basic research in psychological science is obvious to those in the field, but too often underappreciated outside of it. In this article, I suggest some reasons for that gap, including confusion between the relevance of psychological science and its actual application, which can lead to hype; the interdisciplinary nature of applied science, which can obscure the credit due to the field; and the considerable difficulty of moving basic research into application, including the potential for resistance to the products we deliver. I suggest that our own students constitute a relatively underutilized audience for demonstrating that psychological science has been critical to applications, and I describe an applied cognitive science course that is intended to make the case to them.
The lung scan and the abnormal chest X-ray: difficult diagnoses.

PurposeThe ventilation–perfusion lung scan is evolving into an alternative diagnostic test for patients who cannot tolerate contrast computed tomography studies. It is likely that this shift in patient population will result in a larger proportion of patients with abnormal chest radiographs. The pur
Characterization of two beta-tubulin genes from Geotrichum candidum.

The β-tubulin genes Gβ1 and Gβ2 from the phytopathogenic hemiascomycete Geotrichum candidum were found to be highly diverged in amino acid sequence from those of other filamentous fungi. Gβ1 and Gβ2 were also divergent from each other, with the coding regions sharing only 66% nucleotide sequence homology and 64% amino acid identity. However, the proteins shared 82% similarity and only 25 of the 161 non-identical amino acid substitutions were non-conservative. The organization of Gβ1 is similar to other fungal β-tubulin genes, but Gβ2 has several unusual features; it has 2 amino acid additions in the N-terminal 40 residues and must employ an uncommon 5′ splice junction sequence in preference to an overlapping perfect consensus. The amino acid change found to confer benomyl resistance in Neurospora crassa was also present in Gβ2. Gβ1 has four introns which are located similarly to those of β-tubulin genes in other fungi. Gβ2, however, has a single intron in a unique location. Translational fusions employing the 5′ non-coding regions of the two Geotrichum β-tubulin genes were made with the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene and shown to function in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Trichoderma hamatum. However, G. candidum could not be transformed with these or other tested plasmids commonly used for fungal transformation.
Effects of acceleration upon solid-rocket performance.

This paper presents results obtained from testing double-base (BUU), polyurethane (E-107), and polybutadiene (PBAA) propellants at acceleration levels up to 300 g with various orientations of the acceleration vector with respect to the burning surface. The tests were conducted using a unidirectional-burning propellant slab (4 in. wide by 6 in. long by 0.5-in. web thickness) motor mounted on a ballistic centrifuge. Extinction tests demonstrated the transient nature of the combustion process. The burning rate r at 500 psi was increased 27% by a normal acceleration of 280 g into the surface for the PBAA propellants with 16% 6yu or 13/z aluminum; for 26fji Al, the increase in r was 60% at 280 g. However, the effect of aluminum content on r varied with acceleration level. For the E-107 propellant, r increased by 173% at 300 g. With the PBAA propellant, the burning-rate augmentation was eliminated by changing the orientation of the acceleration vector from 90° to 60° relative to the surface; thus, longitudinal acceleration of a rocket will diminish the effect on r due to spin. Results are compared with data from strand tests and motor spin tests.
Recrystallization and anatexis along the plutonic-volcanic contact of the Turkey Creek caldera, Arizona

Unusual geologic and geochemical relations are preserved along the contact between intracaldera tuff and a resurgent intrusion within the 26.9 Ma Turkey Creek caldera of southeast Arizona. Thick intracaldera tuff is weakly argillically altered throughout, except in zones within several hundred meters of its contact with the resurgent intrusion, where the groundmass of the tuff has been variably converted to granophyre and unaltered sanidine phenocrysts are present. Dikes of similarly granophyric material originate at the tuff-resurgent intrusion contact and intrude overlying intracaldera megabreccia and tuff. Field relations indicate that the resurgent intrusion is a laccolith and that it caused local partial melting of adjacent intracaldera tuff. Geochemical and petrographic relations indicate that small volumes of partially melted intracaldera tuff assimilated and mixed with dacite of the resurgent intrusion along their contact, resulting in rocks that have petrographic and compositional characteristics transitional between those of tuff and dacite. Some of this variably contaminated, second-generation magma coalesced, was mobilized, and was intruded into overlying intracaldera rocks. Interpretation of the resurgent intrusion in the Turkey Creek and other calderas as intracaldera laccoliths suggests that intrusions of this type may be a common, but often unrecognized, feature of calderas. Development of granophyric and anatectic features such as those described here may be equally common in other calderas. The observations and previously undocumented processes described here can be applied to identification and interpretation of similarly enigmatic relations and rocks in other caldera systems. Integration of large-scale field mapping with detailed petrographic and chemical data has resulted in an understanding of otherwise intractable but petrologically important caldera-related features.
A new family of anion receptors and their effect on ion pair dissociation and conductivity of lithium salts in non-aqueous solutions

A new family of anion receptors based on aza-ether compounds have been synthesized. Since the anion complexation of these compounds is not based on either positively charged sites or hydrogen bonding, they have a potential to be used in lithium batteries as electrolyte additives. When these compounds are added into nonaqueous electrolytes using lithium salts, such as LiCl/BF or LiBr/THF, the ionic conductivity can be dramatically increased. Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NF-XAFS) spectroscopy studies show that Cl{sup {minus}} anions are completed with the nitrogen groups in these compounds. The increase in ionic conductivity and the degree of complexation, are both related to the number of R=CF{sub 3}SO{sub 2} groups that are used to substitute the amine hydrogen atoms in these aza-ether compounds.
Photochemical Removal of Mercury from Flue Gas

Photochemical reactions of mercury with various constituents in flue gas produced by burning coal could be an attractive alternative to dry sorbent- or wet scrubber-based processes for mercury control. The sensitized oxidation of elemental mercury using 253.7-nm ultraviolet radiation has been extensively studied. The photochemistry of elemental mercury in simulated flue gases was examined using quartz flow reactors. Mercury-containing simulated flue gases at temperatures between 80 and 350 °F were irradiated with 253.7-nm ultraviolet light. Results are presented for the photochemical removal of elemental mercury from simulated flue gases, as well as from nitrogen mixtures that contain oxygen, water vapor, or nitrogen oxide. Optimization of the process parameters, including light intensity, is discussed. The implications of photochemical oxidation of mercury with respect to direct ultraviolet irradiation of flue gas for mercury control, analysis of gases for mercury content, and atmospheric reactions are d...
CloudRec: a framework for personalized service Recommendation in the Cloud

The elastic computing power and the pay-as-you-go model of the cloud offer an attractive platform to deploy software as a service applications. The large number of applications expected to heavily take advantage of the cloud will result in an explosive growth of various cloud services. As many cloud services may compete to offer similar functionalities, it is desirable to consider user preferences on the nonfunctional service properties (aka, quality of service, or QoS) when delivering cloud services to the end users. Unfortunately, current approaches primarily rely on the descriptions from the cloud service providers or expert-provided rankings, which are completely orthogonal to the open and distributed nature of the cloud. We present a novel framework (referred to as CloudRec) that exploits a user-centric strategy to achieve personalized QoS assessment of cloud services. CloudRec integrates a novel community-based QoS assessment model with an iterative algorithm to accurately discover a set of homogenous user and service communities from scarce and large-scale QoS data. The communities can serve as a bridge to relate users and services and hence provide an effective means to estimate the QoS of unknown cloud services. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is demonstrated through a rigorous theoretical analysis and an extensive empirical study on real QoS data.
Investigation of Nafion ® /HPA composite membranes for high temperature/low relative humidity PEMFC operation

Abstract Nafion ® -based organic/inorganic composite membranes with different inorganic heteropolyacid (HPA) additives such as phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid phosphomolybdic acid and silicomolybdic acid were investigated for high temperature (120 °C) low relative humidity (35%) operation. A mechanism is proposed to explain possible pathways for conductivity enhancement in the composite membrane. The decomposition temperature of the composite membrane was extended by close to 150 °C by a suitable ion exchange treatment, permitting more stringent heat treatment. The additive particle size in the composite membrane was on the order of 1–10 μm. The conductivity of the composite membranes at 120 °C and 35% relative humidity were on the order of 0.015 S/cm. All membranes were evaluated at high temperatures and low relative humidities in an operating fuel cell. The membranes demonstrated low crossover currents of approximately 1 mA/cm 2 . The membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) made using membranes containing molybdenum-based HPA additives were electrochemically unstable due to redox transitions of the additive in the fuel cell operating range. These MEAs also showed poorer performance at all conditions as evidenced by polarization results.
Modification of the anticonvulsant efficacy of diazepam by Ro-15-1788 in the kindled amygdaloid seizure model

Abstract The effects of various doses of diazepam and the new central benzodiazepine antagonist Ro-15-1788 were investigated in fully amygdaloid kindled rats. Diazepam had a pronounced dose-dependent anticonvulsant effect in this model. Ro-15-1788 dose-dependently reduced the behavioral ranks of the elicited kindled seizures to a maximum of 60% of control without consistently modifying the afterdischarge duration. No prestimulation convulsant effects were seen with Ro-15-1788. When 2 mg/kg i.p. of Ro-15-1788 was given after various doses of diazepam, the prestimulation sedation and ataxia caused by the high dose of diazepam (2 mg/kg i.p.) was reversed. The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam (0.5–2.0 mg/kg) were attenuated by treatment with 2 mg/kg Ro-15-1788. At the low dose of diazepam (0.25 mg/kg), increased reduction of behavioral rank and afterdischarge duration was seen after the 2 mg/kg dose of Ro-15-1788. Thus, Ro-15-1788 appears not to have proconvulsant properties in the kindled amygdaloid seizure model. Further, Ro-15-1788 appears to have some anticonvulsant properties of its own. Mixed agonist and antagonist effects were seen with Ro-15-1788 when given after various doses of diazepam in this model.
Integration of thermal desalination methods with membrane-based oxy-combustion power cycles

Abstract A large number of resources are dedicated to seawater desalination and will only grow as worldwide water scarcity increases. Seawater desalination methods, in particular thermal desalination methods, are highly energy intensive and are associated with CO2-emitting electricity production. The purpose of this article is to investigate the integration of thermal desalination methods with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) electricity production in order to implement emissions-free thermal desalination facilities. Specifically, the advanced zero emissions plant (AZEP) oxy-combustion concept is utilized for integration in this study. The performance of several bottoming cycle integrations coupled to multi-effect distillation (MED) with and without thermal vapor compression (TVC) is estimated in order to evaluate the thermodynamic and economic feasibility of such power and water emissions-free plants. It is found that AZEP plants could utilize industry-standard dual-purpose technology and produce water near typical power-to-water ratios as compared to dual-purpose plants without CCS.
A comparative factor analysis of the bem sex role inventory and the personality attributes questionnaire

The conceptualization of masculinity and femininity as separate and independent dimensions is an underlying assumption of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personality Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). This assumption was examined by a factor analytic technique to identify possible factors within each measure. Initial factor analysis of the BSRI employed a principal components extraction rotated to an oblique position through the use of the Harris-Kaiser Type II method. Subsequently, the intercorrelations of the oblique factors were subjected to a principal components extraction, which in turn was rotated to the varimax criterion. Factor analysis of PAQ also employed principal components extraction, rotated using Varimax criteria. Sixteen first-order and 16 second-order factors were identified for the BSRI, with 6 first-order and 9 second-order factors designated as major factors. Six first-order factors were identified for the PAQ, with 4 labeled as major. No single, independent, masculine or feminine factors were identified for either the BSRI or the PAQ, although several factors represented or approximated constellations of sex-typed items. The results suggest that more than two dimensions of masculinity and femininity, as well as other personality variables, are being measured by the instruments.
Evidence of a biotin dependent acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in rat muscle.

Abstract Rat hindlimb muscle tissue was extracted from male Sprague-Dawley rats exsanguinated under light ether anesthesia. Muscle homogenates (50, 000 × g supernatant) were incubated with ATP, bicarbonate, acetyl-CoA, and citrate. The quantity of malonyl-CoA synthesized was determined by malonyl-CoA incorporation into long acyl chains using tritiated acetyl-CoA and fatty acid synthetase. Malonyl-CoA synthesis was found to be dependent on the presence of ATP, bicarbonate, citrate, and acetyl-CoA in the incubation medium. Incubation with avidin showed near complete inhibition of carboxylation that was restored with the addition of biotin. These results represent strong evidence of a biotin containing acetyl-CoA carboxylase in skeletal muscle.
A Plea for Judgment

Judgment is central to engineering, medicine, the sciences and many other practical activities. For example, one who otherwise knows what engineers know but lacks "engineering judgment" may be an expert of sorts, a handy resource much like a reference book or database, but cannot be a competent engineer. Though often overlooked or at least passed over in silence, the central place of judgment in engineering, the sciences, and the like should be obvious once pointed out. It is important here because it helps to explain where ethics fits into these disciplines. There is no good engineering, no good science, and so on without good judgment and no good judgment in these disciplines without ethics. Doing even a minimally decent job of teaching one of these disciplines necessarily includes teaching its ethics; teaching the ethics is teaching the discipline (or at least a large part of it).
Desflurane potentiates atracurium in humans: A comparative study with isoflurane

Abstract Study Objective : (1) To evaluate the neuromuscular effects of desflurane and its interactions with atracurium and (2) to compare desflurane and isoflurane in these effects. Design : Sequential entry of informed and consenting patients randomly assigned to receive desfurane (n = 25) or isofurane (n = 25). Setting : Operating suite of a county-university medical center. Patients : Fifty adults, ASA physical status I, undergoing elective orthopedic surgery. Interventions : Following establishment of steady desfurane or isofurane anesthesia, at 1.25 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) exhaled for 15 minutes, a randomly predetermined dose of atracurium (0.05, 0.1, or 0.15 mg/kg) was injected intravenously (IV). At the end of surgery, neostigmine 0.04 mglkg IV was given to reverse the residual block. The neuromuscular effects of desfurane or isofurane alone, and the dose-response relationship, time course, and reversibility of the neuromuscular effects of atracurium with either anesthetic, were examined in detail and compared using electromyographic quantification of the response of the first dorsal interosseous muscle to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Measurements and Main Results : TOF fade and depression of the first response (T 1 ) of the TOF were measured in response to desfurane or isofurane, atracurium, and neostigmine. Desf urane caused more TOF fade than isofurane prior to atracurium administration. The TOF ratios were 0.91 ± 0.02 and 0.98 ± 0.01, respectively ( p p 50 , ED 95 , and 25–75% recovery index of atracurium were 0.038 mg/kg (95% confidence level; range 0.030 to 0.047 mg/kg), 0.11 mg/kg (0.095 to 0.14 mg/kg), and 31 ± 4 minutes (means ± SEM) with desfurane anesthesia, versus 0.043 mg/kg (0.035 to 0.052 mg/kg), 0.13 mg/kg (0.11 to 0.16 mg/kg), and 23 ± 4 minutes with isofurane anesthesia ( p = 0.1-0.2). Continuation of either anesthetic at 1.25 MAC prevented complete recovery of neuromuscular functions spontaneously or following neostigmine 0.04 mg/kg. Conclusion : In ASA physical status I adults, 9% desfurane has neuromuscular effects equal to or slightly in excess of those of 1.6% isofurane.
Changes in Zinc Speciation with Mine Tailings Acidification in a Semiarid Weathering Environment

High concentrations of residual metal contaminants in mine tailings can be transported easily by wind and water, particularly when tailings remain unvegetated for decades following mining cessation, as is the case in semiarid landscapes. Understanding the speciation and mobility of contaminant metal(loid)s, particularly in surficial tailings, is essential to controlling their phytotoxicities and to revegetating impacted sites. In prior work, we showed that surficial tailings samples from the Klondyke State Superfund Site (AZ, USA), ranging in pH from 5.4 to 2.6, represent a weathering series, with acidification resulting from sulfide mineral oxidation, long-term Fe hydrolysis, and a concurrent decrease in total (6000 to 450 mg kg(-1)) and plant-available (590 to 75 mg kg(-1)) Zn due to leaching losses and changes in Zn speciation. Here, we used bulk and microfocused Zn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data and a six-step sequential extraction procedure to determine tailings solid phase Zn speciation. Bulk sample spectra were fit by linear combination using three references: Zn-rich phyllosilicate (Zn(0.8)talc), Zn sorbed to ferrihydrite (Zn(adsFeOx)), and zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4) · 7H(2)O). Analyses indicate that Zn sorbed in tetrahedral coordination to poorly crystalline Fe and Mn (oxyhydr)oxides decreases with acidification in the weathering sequence, whereas octahedral zinc in sulfate minerals and crystalline Fe oxides undergoes a relative accumulation. Microscale analyses identified hetaerolite (ZnMn(2)O(4)), hemimorphite (Zn(4)Si(2)O(7)(OH)(2) · H(2)O) and sphalerite (ZnS) as minor phases. Bulk and microfocused spectroscopy complement the chemical extraction results and highlight the importance of using a multimethod approach to interrogate complex tailings systems.
Numerical Inductance Calculations Based on First Principles

A method of calculating inductances based on first principles is presented, which has the advantage over the more popular simulators in that fundamental formulas are explicitly used so that a deeper understanding of the inductance calculation is obtained with no need for explicit discretization of the inductor. It also has the advantage over the traditional method of formulas or table lookups in that it can be used for a wider range of configurations. It relies on the use of fast computers with a sophisticated mathematical computing language such as Mathematica to perform the required integration numerically so that the researcher can focus on the physics of the inductance calculation and not on the numerical integration.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF URBAN SERVICE DISTRIBUTION: A TEST OF THE UNDERCLASS HYPOTHESIS

Both political scientists and urban economists have neglected the relationship between the distribution of the tax incidence of properly tax supported municipal services and the distribution of service benefits among neighborhoods. This article directs inquiry into the “underclass hypothesis” by identifying the distribution of service benefits and tax burdens for elementary education services in a medium size city and relating service benefits and burdens to neighborhood socio-economic status. The analysis demonstrates that while service benefits (especially expenditures) are likely to be distributed uniformly among sub-areas of a city, the distribution of tax benefits is regressive. The result is an overall regressive distribution of service benefits/burdens. In conclusion, two explanations for this regressive distribution are explored.
A simple diffusion device to study transport across cells cultured on microporous membranes

Abstract Microporous membranes are used extensively to culture epithelial and endothelial cells. A simple diffusion device to study the transport of a model lipophilic compound, testosterone, across Caco-2 cells cultured on Millicell TM is described. The device which requires minimal manipulation of cells, decreases the unstirred water layer.
Governing urban restructuring with city-building nonprofits

Urban restructuring efforts aimed at redeveloping inner-city neighborhoods are common across the US. They typically involve coalitions of public and private actors that play complementary roles in promoting investments in locales that have been sites of disinvestment, rendering these geographies ripe for economic development and profitmaking (ie, gentrification). Nonprofits are not generally regarded as central players in these initiatives, although they often serve community-development functions for low- income populations living in impoverished city spaces. In this paper we draw on the concept of the shadow state and Foucault's theory of governmentality to examine a city-building nonprofit created by a public-private growth coalition to execute the redevelopment of urban space and, as an integral part, manage neighborhood resident participation in these efforts. As residents began to see themselves as agents of neighborhood change, they came into conflict with the revitalization objectives of the nonprofit's funders. And, while many residents actively challenged the direction that the neighborhood initiative took in focusing on housing redevelopment for more affluent populations, a core group maintained their commitment to a community building approach toward neighborhood redevelopment. Between 1998 and 2014, during CIC's initiative, over half of the original residents were displaced or left as neighborhood housing values dramatically increased, rendering the area inaccessible for low-income populations.
The Use of Nuclear Imaging for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has shown benefits in patients with end-stage heart failure, depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (≤ 35%), and prolonged QRS duration (≥ 120 ms). However, based on the conventional criteria, 20% to 40% of patients fail to respond to CRT. Studies have focused on important parameters for predicting CRT response, such as LV dyssynchrony, scar burden, LV lead position, and site of latest activation. Phase analysis allows nuclear cardiology modalities, such as gated blood-pool imaging and gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (GMPS), to assess LV dyssynchrony. Most importantly, GMPS with phase analysis has the potential of assessing LV dyssynchrony, scar burden, and site of late activation from a single acquisition, so that this technique may provide a one-stop shop for predicting CRT response. This article provides a summary on the role of nuclear cardiology in selecting patients for CRT, with emphasis on GMPS with phase analysis.
Theory of diffusiophoresis of spherical aerosol particles and of drag in a gas mixture

Abstract Theoretical expressions for the motion of spherical aerosol particles in a diffusing gas mixture are obtained that cover the free-molecule to the continuum regime. The theoretical model used treats the aerosol particles as one component of a multicomponent mixture. Examples are considered in detail in which the gas mixture is undergoing equal countercurrent diffusion, diffusion with one component stagnant, and equal pressure diffusion. Agreement with the free-molecule and continuum results of Waldmann and Schmidt is found, but the results differ somewhat from those of Brock in the near free-molecule region. The method also permits the calculation of the composition and pressure dependence of the drag exerted on a moving particle by a uniform gas mixture.
Strong ferromagnetic metal-ligand exchange in a nickel bis(3,5-dipyridylverdazyl) complex

A new 1,5-dipyridyl verdazyl, synthesized from the corresponding dipyridyl hydrazone, coordinates nickel(II) to form a structurally characterized, pseudooctahedral complex analogous to Ni(terpy)22+. The unusually short Ni–verdazyl distance results in strong ferromagnetic exchange (JNi–rad = +300, Jrad–rad = +160 cm−1) between all three paramagnetic species along with a metal–ligand charge transfer band in the electronic spectrum.
UNSPLITTABILITY OF RANDOM LINKS

Random linking problems arise in physical situations when there is more than one circular molecule present in a fixed volume, and linking of these molecules becomes possible. Mathematically, this is the linking problem for two or more randomly generated polygons. In this paper, we study the asymptotic case when the number of random polygons of fixed length in a fixed volume tends to infinity, and prove that under certain conditions that the probability that these random polygons form an unsplittable link tends to one.
Heavy Metals Release in Soils.

H.M. Selim and D.L. Sparks (ed.) 2001. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL. Hardback, 249 pp. $295.00. ISBN 1-56670-531-2. The fate of contaminants in the environment is controlled by several fundamental processes. The book Heavy Metals Release in Soils focuses on two of these processes, sorption–
Cell-Free Translation of a T/t Complex Cell Surface-Associated Gene Product

Abstract The p63/6.9 protein has previously been shown to be specified by a gene within the mouse Tt complex. All wild-type chromosomes 17 specify a basic form of p63/6.9 (p63/6.9b). It is distinguishable by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from the acidic form of p63/6.9 (p63/6.9a), which is specified by all complete t haplotypes analyzed to date. To determine whether p63/6.9 is a direct gene product of the Tt complex, testicular cytoplasmic RNA from mice bearing the genotypes +/+, +/ t and tt was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte-derived cell-free system, and translated products were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The data indicate that the difference between the allelic forms of p63/6.9 is encoded within mRNA transcribed from the Tt complex. Thus p63/6.9 is the first primary gene product identified in the Tt complex. Results obtained from both cell-free translation and pulse-chase labeling experiments indicate that the mature cell surface-associated form of p63/6.9 has not undergone detectable post-translational modification.
Variable expression of Marfan syndrome in monozygotic twins

A pair of monzygotic twins with the Marfan syndrome with variable expression is presented. One of the twins, in addition to more severe musculoskeletal and ocular manifestations, had coarctation of the aorta as the cardiovascular manifestation of this symdrome. Analysis of red cell antigens, serum proteins and dermatoglyphic examination suggests a high probability of monozygosity. Accordingly, the variation in expression of this autosomal dominant disorder between the twins is most likely due to the modifying influences of environmental factors. Also noteworthy is the fact that the resected coarctation tissue demonstrated the histopathologic changes characteristic of cystic medial necrosis, and thus served as an additional piece of evidence supporting the diagnosis of the Marfan syndrome. This was of particular importance in view of the absence of any family history of this syndrome and the absence of ectopia lentis or the more typical cardiovascular manifestations in either twin.
Automation of webpage quality determination

We propose and discuss the automation of webpage quality determination. As part of this automation, we have developed an extensive set of criteria for determining webpage quality. We have also developed a set of measures for each criterion. We have designed and implemented a flexible system that uses these measures and computes a quality-score of a webpage automatically. The system is flexible in the sense that the set of quality criteria can be easily adapted to different domain context. To our knowledge, this is the first major work that automates the process of webpage quality determination using an extensive multi-faceted set of criteria and domain knowledge.
Evaluation of Indicator-Based pH Measurements for Freshwater over a Wide Range of Buffer Intensities

Two different sulfonephthalein indicators, cresol red (CR) with a pKa of ∼8.3 and bromothymol blue (BTB) with pKa of ∼7.4, were tested for an analysis of freshwater over a broad range of pH and tot...
Evaluation of a Sol-Gel Derived Nafion/Silica Hybrid Membrane for Proton Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications: I. Proton Conductivity and Water Content

Sol-gel derived Nafion®/silica hybrid membranes were investigated as a potential polymer electrolyte for fuel cell applications. Membrane proton conductivity and water content were measured as a function of temperature, water vapor activity, and silica content. The hybrid membranes have a higher water content at 25 and 120°C, but not at 150 and 170°C. Despite the higher water content, the proton conductivities in the hybrid membranes are lower than, or equal to, that in unmodified Nafion membranes under all conditions investigated. The proton conductivity of the hybrid membrane decreases with increasing silica content under all conditions. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A critical analysis of the small-signal voltage-decay technique for minority-carrier lifetime measurement in solar cells

Abstract We have performed a detailed analysis of the Small-Signal Voltage-Decay lifetime measurement technique and we find that for long-based diodes a complementary error function represents the voltage decay more accurately than the commonly assumed exponential dependence. For short-based diodes a series solution is presented for the voltage decay. We also discuss the precautions necessary for proper interpretation of experimental data. Experimental results and computer simulations of the lifetime measurements are presented to support our analysis.
Ada Model Of The VHSIC Parallel Programmable Processor For Image Processing

The Honeywell Parallel Programmable Processor (PPP) set of VHSIC chips is intended to provide a flexible architecture for two dimensional real-time image processing. The chip set consists of three devices; the PPP, Sequencer, and Arithmetic Generator. In performing an analysis of the use of these devices in an image processing application, the designer must often simulate the imaging algorithm so that it fits the architecture of the VHSIC devices. In this paper we describe a macro-model of the Honeywell PPP devices written in the DoD Ada language. The Ada model for the PPP uses the concurrency features of Ada to emulate the parallel processing internal to the PPP devices. An image processing algorithm performed on two dimensional images using the Ada model are described. The Ada model is useful to understand the processing characteristics of algorithms when they are to be executed in the Honeywell PPP architecture.