cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychotherapy and problem-solving appraisal: Science informing practice to help people solve unsolvable problems

Clients come to psychotherapy because they have difficult and stressful problems that they are unable to resolve on their own. Advances in the applied problem-solving literature can now inform clinical interventions. This article focuses on the most commonly used problem-solving assessment tool, the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI); empirical findings from well over 120 studies are used to inform clinical practice. The article will first discuss the PSI, what it measures, and then summarize the empirical research findings most relevant for clinical interventions. Second, based on the PSI empirical research, therapeutic and preventative implications will be discussed with clinical illustrations. The article concludes with a number of implications for psychotherapy both in terms of remedial and preventative interventions.
Hidden Debt: From Enron’s Commodity Prepays to Lehman’s Repo 105s

Enron Corporation’s commodity prepays and Lehman Brothers’ Repo 105s are recent examples of hidden debt intended to improve the appearance of a company’s financial condition. Enron used derivatives to “transform” cash flow from financing to cash flow from operations; Lehman used sale-repurchase (repo) agreements to remove debt from its balance sheet for dates surrounding quarterly reporting periods. Both tactics relied on external auditors’ narrowly focusing on internal procedures and accounting rules.
ARIADNE: pattern-directed inference and hierarchical abstraction in protein structure recognition

The macro-molecular structural conformations of proteins exhibit higher order regularities whose recognition is complicated by many factors. ARIADNE searches for similarities between structural descriptors and hypothesized protein structure at levels more abstract than the primary sequence.
People with enduring mental health problems described the importance of communication, continuity of care, and stigma.

(2001) Br J Gen Pract 51, 730. Kai J, Crosland A . . . Perspectives of people with enduring mental ill health from a community-based qualitative study. . Sep; . : . –6 . [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] QUESTION: How do people with enduring mental health problems experience health care? Community based qualitative study. 4 general practices serving a disadvantaged locality of 5 wards in {Newcastle upon Tyne}*, UK. 32 people (56% men, mean duration of mental illness of 21 y) who were identified by their general practitioner as disabled by enduring mental ill health (≥2 y impaired social behaviour and inability to keep a job, maintain self care, complete domestic chores, or participate in recreational activities). Exclusion criteria were age <16 years, dementia or other organic brain disorders, or a learning disability. Individual interviews of 45 minutes to 2 hours were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Theoreticalsaturation occurred after 34 interviews; 2 interviews were excluded because the responders did not acknowledge any experience of mental illness. Data were analysed using grounded theory methods. Emerging findings were tested in 21 group interviews with local health professionals. Good therapeutic relationships were regarded as central in participants' contacts with primary care and mental health services. Several related … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBritish%2BJournal%2Bof%2BGeneral%2BPractise%26rft.stitle%253Dbjgp%26rft.issn%253D0960-1643%26rft.aulast%253DKai%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%26rft.volume%253D51%26rft.issue%253D470%26rft.spage%253D730%26rft.epage%253D736%26rft.atitle%253DPerspectives%2Bof%2Bpeople%2Bwith%2Benduring%2Bmental%2Bill%2Bhealth%2Bfrom%2Ba%2Bcommunity-based%2Bqualitative%2Bstudy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11593834%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=bjgp&resid=51/470/730&atom=%2Febmental%2F5%2F2%2F62.atom
Using Control Theory for Load Shedding in Data Stream Management

Database performance can be greatly affected by environmental and internal dynamics such as workloads and system configurations. Existing strategies to maintain performance under such dynamics are often found to have poor robustness. To remedy this problem, we propose a systematic solution that takes advantages of formal feedback control techniques. In this demo, we show how the control-based solution derived from a dynamic DSMS model can be utilized to guide load shedding with the target of maintaining data processing delays.
Regulation of Apoptosis and Innate Immune Stimuli in Inflammation-Induced Preterm Labor

An innate immune response is required for successful implantation and placentation. This is regulated, in part, by the a2 isoform of V-ATPase (a2V) and the concurrent infiltration of M1 (inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages to the uterus and placenta. The objective of the present study was to identify the role of a2V during inflammation-induced preterm labor in mice and its relationship to the regulation of apoptosis and innate immune responses. Using a mouse model of infection-induced preterm delivery, gestational tissues were collected 8 h after intrauterine inoculation on day 14.5 of pregnancy with either saline or peptidoglycan (PGN; a TLR 2 agonist) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C); a TLR3 agonist], modeling Gram-positive bacterial and viral infections, respectively. Expression of a2V decreased significantly in the placenta, uterus, and fetal membranes during PGN+poly(I:C)-induced preterm labor. Expression of inducible NO synthase was significantly upregulated in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated placenta and uterus. PGN+poly(I:C) treatment disturbed adherens junction proteins and increased apoptotic cell death via an extrinsic pathway of apoptosis among uterine decidual cells and spongiotrophoblasts. F4/80 + macrophages were increased and polarization was skewed in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated uterus toward double-positive CD11c + (M1) and CD206 + (M2) cells, which are critical for the clearance of dying cells and rapid resolution of inflammation. Expression of Nlrp3 and activation of caspase-1 were increased in PGN+poly(I:C)-treated uterus, which could induce pyroptosis. These results suggest that the double hit of PGN+poly(I:C) induces preterm labor via reduction of a2V expression and simultaneous activation of apoptosis and inflammatory processes.
EXIT charts applied to tandem coding and cryptography in a wiretap scenario

Security in a communications system is traditionally determined by the strength of a cryptographic layer in the protocol stack. Wyner used a wiretap channel model to show that information-theoretic security is possible by exploiting characteristics of the physical layer. This paper discusses the enhancement of security in a communications system by considering jointly the physical layer, along with the cryptographic layer within a wiretap scenario assuming strictly positive secrecy capacity. In this paper, the coupling effect of the security attributed to the two layers is shown in the context of a stream cipher with an LFSR keystream generator as the cryptographic layer. A well-known iterative attack is analyzed by means of extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts which are formed using two different methods. The first uses hard-decision information, while the second estimates densities in a message-passing algorithm. The EXIT analysis provides concrete evidence of the enhanced security achievable through properly exploiting characteristics of the physical layer by means of channel coding.
The efficiency of meiotic recombination between dispersed sequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends upon their chromosomal location

To examine constraints imposed on meiotic recombination by homologue pairing, we measured the frequency of recombination between mutant alleles of the ARG4 gene contained in pBR322-based inserts. Inserts were located at identical loci on homologues (allelic recombination) or at different loci on either homologous or heterologous chromosomes (ectopic recombination). Ectopic recombination between interstitially located inserts on heterologous chromosomes had an efficiency of 6-12% compared to allelic recombination. By contrast, ectopic recombination between interstitial inserts located on homologues had relative efficiencies of 47-99%. These findings suggest that when meiotic ectopic recombination occurs, homologous chromosomes are already colocalized. The efficiency of ectopic recombination between inserts on homologues decreased as the physical distance between insert sites was increased. This result is consistent with the suggestion that during meiotic recombination, homologues are not only close to each other, but also are aligned end to end. Finally, the efficiency of ectopic recombination between inserts near telomeres (within 16 kb) was significantly greater than that observed with inserts >50 kb from the nearest telomere. Thus, at the time of recombination, there may be a special relationship between the ends of chromosomes not shared with interstitial regions.
Data falsification should be a criminal offence

Dear Sir, I read with interest the two articles on academic fraud in the August 2012 issue of Bone & Joint360 .1,2 They are well-written, thought-provoking and a must read for researchers and clinicians. Written by two highly respected medical professionals, they have a slightly different perspective and emphasis. Marcovitch’s article focuses more on fraud, the falsification of data to support invalid conclusions, and gives examples of this in the literature. To some degree he also talks about plagiarism but the article by Rajasekaran puts more of an emphasis on this and in particular about what he feels is the underlying cause (i.e. publish to flourish) of this problem. Cheating in publishing should be divided into fraud and plagiarism and not grouped together. Both are forms of cheating with some overlap …
Educational Assortative Mating and the Family Background of the Next Generation

The demographic behaviors of one generation, including marriage, divorce, fertility, and survival, create the population of families in which the next generation of children is raised. Assortative mating between men and women with varying socioeconomic characteristics is a key mechanism in establishing the families of the next generation, but differential fertility, child and parent survival, marital disruption, and parents' socioeconomic mobility modify these marriage patterns. This article examines the demographic mechanisms through which family backgrounds are created. It presents the mathematical links between marriage patterns and the joint distribution of parents' characteristics when their children are born and later in their lives. It illustrates these relationships using data on educational assortative mating, fertility, mortality, and the living arrangements of families in the United States. Although the educational attainments of husbands and wives are strongly associated, patterns of differential fertility reinforce this relationship, resulting in an even strong association between the educational attainments of mothers and fathers.
Smart news feeds for social networks using scalable joint latent factor models

Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter offer a huge opportunity to tap the collective wisdom (both published and yet to be published) of all the participating users in order to address the information needs of individual users in a highly contextualized fashion using rich user-specific information. Realizing this opportunity, however, requires addressing two key limitations of current social networks: (a) difficulty in discovering relevant content beyond the immediate neighborhood, (b) lack of support for information filtering based on semantics, content source and linkage. We propose a scalable framework for constructing smart news feeds based on predicting user-post relevance using multiple signals such as text content and attributes of users and posts, and various user-user, post-post and user-post relations (e.g. friend, comment, author relations). Our solution comprises of two steps where the first step ensures scalability by selecting a small set of user-post dyads with potentially interesting interactions using inverted feature indexes. The second step models the interactions associated with the selected dyads via a joint latent factor model, which assumes that the user/post content and relationships can be effectively captured by a common latent representation of the users and posts. Experiments on a Facebook dataset using the proposed model lead to improved precision/recall on relevant posts indicating potential for constructing superior quality news feeds.
‘Evil against Evil’: The Parabolic Structure and Thematics of William Friedkin's The Exorcist

This essay examines and deconstructs three sets of antagonisms in William Friedkin’s The Exorcist (1973). It argues that the film describes its own narrative conflicts as a thematics of ‘evil against evil,’ so as to de-ethicize the moral violence of those metaphysical dogmatisms that compete over the ‘souls’ of others. It then re-couches the one-sidedness of scientific and religious orthodoxies, which damage in similar ways Regan MacNeil, one of the film’s main characters, as another variation of this thematics. Finally, this essay suggests that The Exorcist surveys certain sociopolitical tensions, thus commenting, in its video and theatrical re-releases, ‘timelessly’ on US tensions with its own counterculture and with the Middle East. The film ‘transcends’ such mutually destructive tensions in its dramatization of ‘sacrifice,’ though without taking this term in its soteriological sense; ‘sacrifice’ rather involves the reduction of these thematics to Regan’s flesh—involves reversing their anagogic tendencies—so that this flesh at once re-emerges as the site and the template of the film’s narrative contestations. HOST 1.1_art_Dudenhoeffer_073-088.indd 73 1/2/10 12:14:26 PM
Micro/Nanoscale Spatial Resolution Temperature Probing for the Interfacial Thermal Characterization of Epitaxial Graphene on 4H‐SiC

Limited internal phonon coupling and transfer within graphene in the out-of-plane direction significantly affects graphene-substrate interfacial phonon coupling and scattering, and leads to unique interfacial thermal transport phenomena. Through the simultaneous characterization of graphene and SiC Raman peaks, it is possible, for the first time, to distinguish the temperature of a graphene layer and its adjacent 4H-SiC substrate. The thermal probing resolution reaches the nanometer scale with the graphene (≈1.12 nm) and is on the micrometer scale (≈12 μm) within SiC next to the interface. A very high thermal resistance at the interface of 5.30 (-0.46) (+0.46) x 10(-5) Km2 W(-1) is observed by using a Raman frequency method under surface Joule heating. This value is much higher than those from molecular dynamics predictions of 7.01(-1.05) (+1.05) x 10(-1) and 8.47(-0.75) (+0.75) x 10(-10) Km2 w(-1) for surface heat fluxes of 3 × 10(9) and 1 × 10(9) and 1 x 10(10) W m(-2) , respectively. This analysis shows that the measured anomalous thermal contact resistance stems from the thermal expansion mismatch between graphene and SiC under Joule heating. This mismatch leads to interface delamination/separation and significantly enhances local phonon scattering. An independent laser-heating experiment conducted under the same conditions yielded a higher interfacial thermal resistance of 1.01(-0.59) (+1.23) x 10(-4) Km2 W(-1). Furthermore, the peak width method of Raman thermometry is also employed to evaluate the interfacial thermal resistance. The results are 3.52 × 10(-5) and 8.57 × 10(-5) K m2 W(-1) for Joule-heating and laser-heating experiments, respectively, confirming the anomalous thermal resistance between graphene and SiC. The difference in the results from the frequency and peak-width methods is caused by the thermal stress generated in the heating processes.
Academic Delay of Gratification

Abstract Academic delay of gratification (ADOG) refers to students' postponement of immediately available opportunities to satisfy impulses in favor of pursuing chosen important academic rewards or goals that are temporally remote but ostensibly more valuable. In Study 1, we developed a course-specific academic delay of gratification scale (ADOGS) with acceptable psychometric properties. Results of Study 2 supported the hypothesized association between ADOG and students' self-regulated learning, which consisted of academic motivation and the use of cognitive, metacognitive, and resource management learning strategies. Discriminant validity of the ADOGS is indicated by its stronger correlations with students' self-regulation than found for instruments that measure closelyrelated constructs (generalized deferment of gratification and impulsivity). The conceptual status of ADOG as a strategy and outcome of successful strategy use is discussed.
Chip cracks during assembly: Finding and eliminating the critical defect

During the bond and assembly process of an organic module, the backside of the chip will be in tensile stress. Vertical cracking through the Silicon chip (as shown in Figure 1) can occur when the strength of the chip is lower than the stress that is applied through the bond and assembly processes and associated materials.
Use of a 1.0 Tesla open scanner for evaluation of pediatric and congenital heart disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Open cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scanners offer the potential for imaging patients with claustrophobia or large body size, but at a lower 1.0 Tesla magnetic field. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of open CMR for evaluation of pediatric and congenital heart disease. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included all patients ≤18 years old or with congenital heart disease who underwent CMR on an open 1.0 Tesla scanner at two centers from 2012–2014. Indications for CMR and clinical questions were extracted from the medical record. Studies were qualitatively graded for image quality and diagnostic utility. In a subset of 25 patients, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) ratios were compared to size- and diagnosis-matched patients with CMR on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Results: A total of 65 patients (median 17.3 years old, 60% male) were included. Congenital heart disease was present in 32 (50%), with tetralogy of Fallot and bicuspid aortic valve the most common diagnoses. Open CMR was used due to scheduling/equipment issues in 51 (80%), claustrophobia in 7 (11%), and patient size in 3 (5%); 4 patients with claustrophobia had failed CMR on a different scanner, but completed the study on open CMR without sedation. All patients had good or excellent image quality on black blood, phase contrast, magnetic resonance angiography, and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. There was below average image quality in 3/63 (5%) patients with cine images, and 4/15 (27%) patients with coronary artery imaging. SNR and CNR were decreased in cine and magnetic resonance angiography images compared to 1.5 Tesla. The clinical question was answered adequately in all but 2 patients; 1 patient with a Fontan had artifact from an embolization coil limiting RV volume analysis, and in 1 patient the right coronary artery origin was not well seen. Conclusions: Open 1.0 Tesla scanners can effectively evaluate pediatric and congenital heart disease, including patients with claustrophobia and larger body size. Despite minor artifacts and differences in SNR and CNR, the majority of clinical questions can be answered adequately, with some limitations with coronary artery imaging. Further evaluation is necessary to optimize protocols and image quality.
Stochastic Programs as Nonzero Sum Games

A linear programming (LP) model for determining an optimal decision vector x, which satisfies the following system $$\max \text{ z={c}x} $$ (1.1) $$\text{subject to x }\!\!\varepsilon\!\!\text{ R, R:}\left\{ \text{x Ax }\le \text{ b, x }\ge \text{ 0} \right\} $$ (1.2) may be related to a two-person game-theoretic formulation in two ways. In the first case, which is based on the saddle point property of the optimal solution of the LP problem, the two players have an identical strategy space, say \(p' = \left( {\bar{x}',\bar{y}',\bar{v}} \right) = q'\) and the payoff matrix is B: $$B:\left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} 0 & { - A'} & c \\ A & 0 & { - b} \\ { - c'} & {b'} & 0 \\ \end{array} } \right]$$ (2.1)
Dos preocupados del Siglo de Oro

Corria el ano de Nuestro Senor de 1524. Espana y su creciente imperio parecian en la superficie aumentar a diarioen volumen y poderio. Pero esto era solamente a vuelo depajaro; de acercarse uno un poco mas a la realidad de los hechos, a lo que desde nuestra perspectiva multisecular podemos llamar la efectiva historia del imperio espanol, y de Espana en particular, las cosas andaban muy desacompasadas. En Castilla, y solo tres anos antes, en 1521, las tropas imperiales habian logrado imponerse sangrientamente a las fuerzasde las Comunidades.
SUBURB AND CITY: CHANGING PATTERNS OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN METROPOLITAN DENVER SINCE 1940

Contemporary Denver is a metropolis shaped in the automobile age. When the Denver Planning Commission first warned about the “sinister disease” of decentralization in 1941 and reported “startling evidences of the flight of Denver residents across the corporate boundaries,” 72.4 percent of the population of the five-county Denver area lived within the city itself (Table 1). Thirty-five years later, metropolitan area population had more than tripled, but suburban growth had cut Denver’s share of the total to 35.8 percent. The suburban counties of Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder and Jefferson accounted for one third of all Coloradans, and local residents ranked surburban sprawl as one of three major problems of the metropolitan area.
Prolonged incubation of skeletal muscle increases system A amino acid transport

During the course of experiments involving prolonged incubation of skeletal muscle, we observed large increases in system A amino acid transport activity. System A activity was monitored with the nonmetabolizable amino acid analogue alpha-(methylamino)isobutyrate (MeAIB). When rat epitrochlearis muscles are incubated in Krebs-Henseleit buffer supplemented with 0.1% bovine serum albumin and 8 mM glucose, basal MeAIB transport doubles after 5 h and is elevated approximately sevenfold after 9 h compared with rates measured in muscles incubated for 1 h. Insulin-stimulated transport also doubles after 5 h and increases by fourfold after 9 h. The increases in basal and insulin-stimulated system A transport over time can be prevented by incubating muscles in the presence of cycloheximide. Addition of minimum essential medium essential amino acids (EAA) to the incubation medium blocks the increase in basal and insulin-stimulated MeAIB transport measured after 9 h by 85-90 and 60%, respectively. A single amino acid, glutamine, can account for half of the inhibitory effect of EAA on the time-dependent increase in basal system A transport. Amino acid metabolism is not necessary for inhibition of the rise in basal MeAIB transport. At concentrations normally present in minimum essential medium, nonessential amino acids are less effective (51% inhibition) in preventing the rise in basal transport occurring over 9 h. At three times normal concentrations, however, the ability of nonessential amino acids to prevent the time-dependent increases in basal and insulin-stimulated MeAIB transport is comparable to that of EAA. These changes in MeAIB transport with prolonged incubation are not due to muscle deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrative RNA-seq and microarray data analysis reveals GC content and gene length biases in the psoriasis transcriptome

Gene expression profiling of psoriasis has driven research advances and may soon provide the basis for clinical applications. For expression profiling studies, RNA-seq is now a competitive technology, but RNA-seq results may differ from those obtained by microarray. We therefore compared findings obtained by RNA-seq with those from eight microarray studies of psoriasis. RNA-seq and microarray datasets identified similar numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with certain genes uniquely identified by each technology. Correspondence between platforms and the balance of increased to decreased DEGs was influenced by mRNA abundance, GC content, and gene length. Weakly expressed genes, genes with low GC content, and long genes were all biased toward decreased expression in psoriasis lesions. The strength of these trends differed among array datasets, most likely due to variations in RNA quality. Gene length bias was by far the strongest trend and was evident in all datasets regardless of the expression profiling technology. The effect was due to differences between lesional and uninvolved skin with respect to the genome-wide correlation between gene length and gene expression, which was consistently more negative in psoriasis lesions. These findings demonstrate the complementary nature of RNA-seq and microarray technology and show that integrative analysis of both data types can provide a richer view of the transcriptome than strict reliance on a single method alone. Our results also highlight factors affecting correspondence between technologies, and we have established that gene length is a major determinant of differential expression in psoriasis lesions.
Ovipositional Response of Meteorus leviventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to Various Densities of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The ovipositional response of the parasitoid Meteorus leviventris (Wesmael) was examined over five host densities. Fecundity was the same for all host densities tested. Daily oviposition peaked ca. 48 h after emergence, then decreased as parasitoids aged. Both the total number of eggs deposited and the number of hosts parasitized per 12 h were significantly higher during the dark phase of the LD 12:12 cycle. The maximum number of hosts parasitized during a l2-h period for any parasitoid was 8, with an average of 3.5 hosts for parasitoids exposed to 12 hosts per 12 h. With increasing host density, more total hosts were parasitized, resulting in lower numbers of eggs per host and fewer incidences of superparasitism.
Developing a workplace resilience instrument.

Background Resilience benefits from the use of protective factors, as opposed to risk factors, which are associated with vulnerability. Considerable research and instrument development has been conducted in clinical settings for patients. The need existed for an instrument to be developed in a workplace setting to measure resilience of employees. Objective This study developed and tested a resilience instrument for employees in the workplace. Participants and methods The research instrument was distributed to executives and nurses working in the United States in hospital settings. Five-hundred-forty completed and usable responses were obtained. The instrument contained an inventory of workplace resilience, a job stress questionnaire, and relevant demographics. The resilience items were written based on previous work by the lead author and inspired by Weick's [1] sense-making theory. Results A four-factor model yielded an instrument having psychometric properties showing good model fit. Twenty items were retained for the resulting Workplace Resilience Instrument (WRI). Parallel analysis was conducted with successive iterations of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Respondents were classified based on their employment with either a rural or an urban hospital. Executives had significantly higher WRI scores than nurses, controlling for gender. WRI scores were positively and significantly correlated with years of experience and the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. Conclusions An instrument to measure individual resilience in the workplace (WRI) was developed. The WRI's four factors identify dimensions of workplace resilience for use in subsequent investigations: Active Problem-Solving, Team Efficacy, Confident Sense-Making, and Bricolage.
Counter-terrorism in Europe: the elusive search for order

ABSTRACTMany experts underscore a firm difference between (US) American and European approaches to combating terrorism. Other scholars contend that, since 11 September 2001, European governments have emulated the USA by “securitising” immigration and trampling on the civil and human rights of immigrants of Muslim heritage. Still other analysts discern within Europe distinct national styles of counterterrorism such as French assimilation and deportation versus British multiculturalism and conciliation. This article finds neither a coherent policy strategy nor an unmistakable political consensus in Europe regarding counterterrorism. Instead, a comparative analysis reveals a jumble of ethically inconsistent and practically contradictory measures.
Introduction: Even the Dead Will Not Be Safe

This book is mostly about the form of modern ghost stories, rather than their content. But these can only be separated in an abstract sense, and working out the stories’ form, at different historical moments, will require paying attention to their content as well. At the level of content, ghost stories repetitively address a set of socio-historical concerns that we need to take into account before we can really extrapolate from them anything significant about form. Thus, I am going to take a few pages now to explore and explain those socio-historical concerns, and some of the ways the modern English ghost story addresses them. I will also explain something of what each of these terms — ‘modern,’ and ‘English,’ and ‘ghost story,’ as well as ‘history’ — mean, in the context of this book.
American Politicians Confront the Court: Clashing Progressive Solutions to the Political Problem of Judicial Power

Many accounts of federal judicial politics during the Progressive era – the 1890s through 1930s – note how Republican hold on the Senate and presidency allowed near total control over judicial appointments. Candidates were vetted for “their devotion to party principles and ‘soundness’ on major economic questions of the day.” Judges protected corporate interests against state and federal regulation of workplace conditions, wages, and hours. Judges gave constitutional interpretation a Republican cast, shorthanded by the economic doctrine of laissez-faire and its legal counterpart, liberty of contract. Federal courts are thereby depicted as countermajoritarian. By resisting popular support for workplace and wage regulation, rulings fomented anti-judge hostility that culminated in Franklin Roosevelt's seemingly Jeffersonian attack in 1937, that is, his proposal to stack the Supreme Court and enlarge the lower federal judiciary to prevent judicial nullification of New Deal policy. The failure to pass various Progressive measures, including FDR's Court-packing proposal, are understood to be evidence of popular and elite acceptance of judicial independence if not outright supremacy. This chapter challenges this account by focusing attention on assessments of whether, how, and why Progressive proposals failed. Progressives took an inconsistent stance toward federal judicial authority. While some offered the most virulent anti-Court rhetoric since the Jeffersonian years, Progressives proved unable to construct a single solution to the problem of legitimate judicial authority. This failure stemmed from a muddled tradition drawing on incongruent Jeffersonian and Lincolnian strands of Republicanism.
Getting Out: Closure, Prevention, and Management of Hernias

Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the most commonly used approach for radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in the USA, comprising about 61–80 % prostatectomy cases in 2011, and likely a higher percentage today. In the dissemination of RARP, much of the focus is on oncologic principles and technical aspects of robotic operation, with closure often an afterthought. Among the common complications after RARP, trocar-site hernias (TSH) are serious, as they usually require a second operation. This chapter focuses on the epidemiology and etiology of TSH following RARP, and considerations and techniques that may be utilized to minimize this often avoidable complication.
J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and the Temporality of Injury

ABSTRACTContrasting the historical injuries of apartheid politics with contemporary violence in postapartheid South Africa, J. M. Coetzee’s novel Disgrace explores how competing past and present claims of victimization may be reconciled. While critics generally remark on the inability of existing legal frameworks to adequately address the way in which experience is shaped by identity, few have remarked on the temporal dimension of postapartheid South African social relations. This essay considers the way in which temporality modifies and undermines the role of identity claims in contemporary frameworks of justice. It argues that historical injury must be understood not as belonging to identity but as mediated by the temporality of embodied experience. By recognizing historical injury not as static object but as lived affective orientation toward the present, this essay suggests we might create a productive opening for rethinking existing social justice paradigms.
Neural Field: Supervised apportioned incremental learning (SAIL)

When a person learns, they observe and interact with their surroundings, and monitor the outcome of these interactions. During this process, the brain only examines single snapshots of information. It does not need to continuously revisit past instances of time to retain learned information. Supervised neural networks, as much as they resemble the human brain, do not learn well incrementally. The standard multilayer perceptron, radial basis function network and others, have a common problem of losing learned information when additional data points are presented. In this paper, we develop a supervised learning neural network that converges on new information without overriding previous knowledge. The proposed Neural Field can operate in real time environments where a data point is seen once and never revisited, or chase a function that changes over time without continuously relearning on a full dataset. A dataset can be presented in portions and the network will attain knowledge incrementally. With a static ordered grid of radial basis function neurons, the Neural Field both learns incrementally and generalizes effectively.
Challenges in Building Institutions to Protect Transmigrants’ Human Rights: The Mexican Case

The chapter describes the institutional efforts to provide protection mechanisms to transmigrants in Mexico. It argues that these institutions have had limited impact in curbing abuses against transmigrants because they engage in a top-down, fragmented, and macro-natured approach. In light of this, it proposes to redress the gap between the desire to provide protection to transmigrants, and the actual delivery of those protections, by increasing transmigrants’ legal representation rates. Doing so will increase adherence and use of the current laws by the institutions, and a means to identify ways to improve the existing systems of protection.
Effects of Robot Sound on Auditory Localization in Human-Robot Collaboration

Auditory cues facilitate situational awareness by enabling humans to infer what is happening in the nearby environment. Unlike humans, many robots do not continuously produce perceivable state-expressive sounds. In this work, we propose the use of iconic auditory signals that mimic the sounds produced by a robot’s operations. In contrast to artificial sounds (e.g., beeps and whistles), these signals are primarily functional, providing information about the robot’s actions and state. We analyze the effects of two variations of robot sound, tonal and broadband, on auditory localization during a human-robot collaboration task. Results from 24 participants show that both signals significantly improve auditory localization, but the broadband variation is preferred by participants. We then present a computational formulation for auditory signaling and apply it to the problem of auditory localization using a human-subjects data collection with 18 participants to learn optimal signaling policies.
Optimization and Validation of Cycloturbine Blade-Pitching Kinematics via Flux-Line Theory

The newly developed flux-line theory identifies the maximum power harvested by a cycloturbine and the associated fluid–turbine interaction pattern. This work designs blade-pitching functions that m...
Structural Evolution of Gold-Doped Bismuth Clusters AuBin– (n = 4–8)

The structures of gold-doped bismuth clusters, AuBin– (n = 4–8), are investigated through a joint photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) study. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained at several photon energies. Global minimum searches coupled with DFT calculations yield low-lying structures, whose relative energies are further evaluated by single-point energy calculations at the CCSD(T) level of theory. Vertical detachment energies are calculated with the inclusion of spin–orbit effects to compare with the experimental data. Three-dimensional structures are found to be dominant in this size range, while a planar low-lying isomer is observed only for AuBi4–. The AuBi6– cluster possesses a “bow-tie-like” global minimum structure. Major isomers of the other clusters studied here can all be viewed to possess this structural motif. The gold dopant favors increasingly higher coordination with bismuth in AuBin– (n = 4–8). Chemical bonding analyses are performed to understand the...
Cholinergic Systems in the Brain and Spinal Cord: Anatomic Organization and Overview of Functions

A cartoon in a recent issue of the Los Angeles Times newspaper bore the interesting caption “How the brain works.” A cut-away depiction of a human head was shown, and, inside it, a workman was busily plugging and unplugging various wires and cords. What the cartoonist was suggesting, we believe, is that when we understand how the brain is wired, we will have taken a necessary step in understanding how it works, and this viewpoint, in our opinion, has considerable merit. Regardless of the particular communication system under consideration, information transmission always occurs within a physical framework consisting essentially of a sender, a communication channel, and a receiver (Shannon, 1948). In the nervous system the sender may be a neuron, the communication channel a synaptic cleft or other conduit of information (e.g., circulatory system) between two or more cells, and the receiver a particular target structure such as another neuron or a gland or muscle cell. The data neuroanatomy provides is relevant to understanding the matrix within which information transmission in the nervous system occurs, and, if neurons containing particular transmitters are demonstrated, neuroanatomy can indicate what chemical messengers are used to transmit information at certain loci.
Trial in progress: Platform phase 1 study investigating the safety of stereotactic body radiotherapy with immuno-oncology agents for the treatment of multiple metastases in advanced solid tumors.

TPS3121Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and immuno-oncology (IO) have been associated with improved oncologic outcomes when given as monotherapy for advanced solid tumors. Furtherm...
MySafeRx: a mobile technology platform integrating motivational coaching, adherence monitoring, and electronic pill dispensing for enhancing buprenorphine/naloxone adherence during opioid use disorder treatment: a pilot study

While buprenorphine/naloxone (B/N) is approved for opioid use disorder treatment, effective delivery of B/N comes with significant challenges. Most notably, many patients do not take medication daily as prescribed; this non-adherence worsens treatment outcomes, increases healthcare costs, and leads to persistent worries of diversion among providers and policymakers. The present study examines the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of MySafeRx—a mobile technology platform integrating motivational coaching, adherence monitoring, and electronic pill dispensing designed to address the challenges of office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) with B/N. The MySafeRx platform integrates electronic pill dispensers, text-messaging, and videoconferencing to provide supervised self-administration of medication and daily motivational coaching through an Android app interface. High-risk early adults (18–39 years old) who were enrolled in OBOT with B/N and had documented illicit opioid use in the past month during opioid agonist therapy (n = 12) participated in a 28-day single-arm observational study of the MySafeRx platform in addition to standard care. Two-thirds of participants who completed the study achieved an average of > 5 days per week of supervised B/N self-administration. Visual confirmation of medication adherence was demonstrated for an average of 72% of study days among all participants. All participants achieved platform technical proficiency within 60 min, reporting good levels of usability and acceptability. Illicit opioid abstinence rates confirmed by urine toxicology increased by 53% during MySafeRx but fell 43% within 3 weeks post-intervention. The MySafeRx medication adherence and remote coaching mobile platform is acceptable and can be feasibly implemented in real-world opioid use disorder treatment settings during high-risk periods (i.e., initial stabilization, after illicit opioid lapse), resulting in reduced illicit opioid use; however, the effect did not last after intervention completion, suggesting longer duration or extended taper of program may be needed. ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02942199 10/24/16 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02942199
Early Proteome Shift and Serum Bioactivity Precede Diesel Exhaust-induced Impairment of Cardiovascular Recovery in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Single circulating factors are often investigated to explain air pollution-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, yet broader examinations of the identity and bioactivity of the entire circulating milieu remain understudied. The purpose of this study was to determine if exposure-induced cardiovascular dysfunction can be coupled with alterations in both serum bioactivity and the circulating proteome. Two cohorts of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRs) were exposed to 150 or 500 μg/m3 diesel exhaust (DE) or filtered air (FA). In Cohort 1, we collected serum 1 hour after exposure for proteomics analysis and bioactivity measurements in rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs). In Cohort 2, we assessed left ventricular pressure (LVP) during stimulation and recovery from the sympathomimetic dobutamine HCl, one day after exposure. Serum from DE-exposed rats had significant changes in 66 serum proteins and caused decreased NOS activity and increased VCAM-1 expression in RAECs. While rats exposed to DE demonstrated increased heart rate at the start of LVP assessments, heart rate, systolic pressure, and double product fell below baseline in DE-exposed rats compared to FA during recovery from dobutamine, indicating dysregulation of post-exertional cardiovascular function. Taken together, a complex and bioactive circulating milieu may underlie air pollution-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.
A new protocol for psychrometric pressure-volume curves of fern gametophytes.

Premise Pressure-volume curves are a widely used analytical framework to derive several key physiological traits related to plant-water relations, including a species' turgor loss point, osmotic potential at full turgor, and the elasticity of cell walls. We developed a novel protocol, including the preparation and treatment of fern gametophytes, to generate data for pressure-volume curve analyses using thermocouple psychrometry. Methods and Results Gametophytes of the fern species Polystichum lemmonii were grown from spore, harvested, and subjected to a series of drying intervals. We constructed pressure-volume curves using thermocouple psychrometers to calculate gametophyte water potential and a balance to measure relative water loss. Conclusions We present the first protocol for fern gametophyte pressure-volume curves that can accurately determine key physiological traits in fern gametophytes such as the turgor loss point and osmotic potential at full turgor.
Facial Expression Recognition for Children: Can Existing Methods Tuned for Adults Be Adopted for Children?

Child facial expression recognition plays an important role in child-machine interactions. Recognition methods that were tuned for adults have been used for children in many studies without evaluating the applicability of these methods on children. This paper investigates this problem using a Support Vector Machine classification-based recognition algorithm, which is one of the most widely applied methods. We examined: (1) the difference in facial expressions between children and adults and (2) whether the classifiers trained on one group work for the other. Results show that the classifiers trained on child data were more accurate when tested on child data than adult data and the classifiers trained by adult data were more accurate when tested on adult data than child data. When the training and testing data were from the same group, the classifiers generally performed better for adults than children. Implications and future works are discussed with the results.
Does the adoption of an emergency general surgery service model influence volume of cholecystectomies at a tertiary care center

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate of cholecystectomy before and after adoption of an emergency general surgery (EGS) model at our institution. A longitudinal, observational study was conducted prior to and following introduction of an EGS model at our institution. Using the New York SPARCS Administrative Database, all adult patients presenting to the emergency department with gallbladder-related emergencies were identified. The rates of laparoscopic and open cholecystectomies performed 3 years prior and 3 years following the adoption of the EGS model were examined. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare the incidence of cholecystectomy at initial ED visit at our institution pre- and post-EGS introduction as well as to those in the rest of the state as an external control group, while adjusting for potentially confounding factors. There were 176,159 total ED visits of patients with gallbladder emergencies (154,743 excluding repeat presenters) in the studied period in NY State. Of these, 63,912 patients (41.3%) had a concurrent cholecystectomy in NY State. The rate of cholecystectomy at these institutions remained relatively steady from 38.8% from 2010 to 2013 and 38.6% from 2013 to 2016. At our institution, there were 2039 gallbladder emergencies, and of those 755 underwent cholecystectomy. At our institution, there was an increase from 28.21% 3 years prior to the adoption of the EGS model to 40.2% in the following 3 years (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.0164–1.1078, p = 0.0069). The initiation of the EGS model at a tertiary center was associated with a significant increase in the number of concurrent cholecystectomies from 28.21 to 40.2% over a 6-year period. This change was accompanied by an increase in the number of patient comorbidities and a lower insurance status.