cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of phosphatidic acid supplementation on strength, body composition, muscular endurance, power, agility, and vertical jump in resistance trained men

Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a lipid messenger that has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis via signaling stimulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). MaxxTOR® (MT) is a supplement that contains PA as the main active ingredient but also contains other synergistic mTOR signaling substances including L-Leucine, Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate (HMB), and Vitamin D3. Eighteen healthy strength-trained males were randomly assigned to a group that either consumed MT (n = 8, 22.0 +/− 2.5 years; 175.8 +/− 11.5 cm; 80.3 +/− 15.1 kg) or a placebo (PLA) (n = 10, 25.6 +/− 4.2 years; 174.8 +/− 9.0 cm; 88.6 +/− 16.6 kg) as part of a double-blind, placebo controlled pre/post experimental design. All participants volunteered to complete the three day per week resistance training protocol for the eight week study duration. To determine the effects of MT, participants were tested on one repetition maximum (1RM) leg press strength (LP), 1RM bench press strength (BP), push-ups to failure (PU), vertical jump (VJ), pro-agility shuttle time (AG), peak power output (P), lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), and thigh muscle mass (TMM). Subjects were placed and monitored on an isocaloric diet consisting of 25 protein, 50 carbohydrates, and 25 % fat by a registered dietitian. Separate two-way mixed factorial repeated measures ANOVA’s (time [Pre, Post] x group [MT and PLA] were used to investigate strength, body composition, and other performance changes. Post-hoc tests were applied as appropriate. Analysis were performed via SPSS with significance at (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant main effect (F(1,16) = 33.30, p < 0.001) for LBM where MT significantly increased LBM when compared to the PLA group (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant main effect for LP (F(1,16) = 666.74, p < 0.001) and BP (F(1,16) = 126.36, p < 0.001) where both increased significantly more in MT than PLA group (p < 0.001). No significant differences between MT and PLA were noted for FM, TMM, VJ, AG, P, or PU. The results of this eight week trial suggest that the addition of MaxxTOR® to a 3-day per week resistance training program can positively impact LBM and strength beyond the results found with exercise alone.
The political economy of arms sales

With the United States leading the field, the weapons trade is growing spectacularly in quantity and quality; the prospect is for an ever-expanding volume and the heightened risk of war
Mucocele and Mucopyocele

Mucoceles and mucopyoceles are rare cystic and cavitated collections originating in the paranasal sinuses. They most commonly occur in the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. A mucocele contains mucinous secretions, whereas a mucopyocele is an abscess-like formation that also contains purulent material.
A Peircean Approach to Trinity as Community: A Response to Some Responses

In this article, the author responds to several recent scholarly criticisms of his book The Divine Mother: A Trinitarian Theology of the Holy Spirit . In responding to these objections, he argues that, by invoking the logic and metaphysics of Charles Sanders Peirce in rethinking the foundations of trinitarian theology, he has formulated a theological construct of the trinity as community, which differs substantively from the efforts of other contemporary theologians to do the same, while at the same time avoiding inadequacies present in their constructs.
Abstract 3433: Identification of potential salivary response biomarkers in subjects practicing yogic breathing

Yogic Breathing (YB; Pranayama) is a form of Yoga technique practiced since ancient times for healthy living. In the United States, the practice of Yoga has markedly increased in recent years. Recent data suggest that adjunctive Yoga in cancer patients may help patients with symptom management. Whereas there are data on Asana (Postures) that involve physical movements in cancer patients, there are limited data on YB. Considering the ease of practice when compared to Asana, YB might benefit patients who are already physically overwhelmed with symptom burden. Current data measure the outcomes of Yoga using subjective measures, but biomarkers in an easily accessible biospecimen might provide key information as to the effects of YB among practitioners. We hypothesized that YB stimulates alterations in the salivary biomarker expression. We conducted an Institutional Review Board approved pilot randomized controlled trial in 20 subjects (n = 10 in each group) to compare the salivary expression of biomarkers between a 20 min YB group vs. Attention Control (AC) group. The YB group performed two exercises (Pranava Pranayama, and Thirumoolar Pranayama) each for 10 min, and the AC group read a scientific article for the same amount of time. Tandem Mass Spectrometric (LC-LC-MS-MS), Multiplex, and Western blot analysis showed the differential expression of 22 salivary proteins associated with immune response, stress and cancer. As compared with the AC group, YB increased Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1 (DMBT1) as early as 5 min and maintained significantly high levels in all time points tested. In contrast, YB reduced IL-1beta (at 10, 15 and 20 min) and IL-8 levels (at 5, 10, 15 and 20 min) in participants when compared to AC controls. Further analysis of salivary lipidomic profiles demonstrated marginal reductions in sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in YB group. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence that YB could alter salivary biomarkers associated with cancer, inflammation, and stress. These markers may be useful to evaluate symptom management via stress reduction and immune regulation. Citation Format: Sundaravadivel Balasubramanian, Michael G. Janech, Graham W. Warren. Identification of potential salivary response biomarkers in subjects practicing yogic breathing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3433. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3433
Near-Infrared Intraoperative Molecular Imaging Can Locate Metastases to the Lung

Background Pulmonary metastasectomy is widely accepted for many tumor types because it may prolong survival and potentially cure some patients. However, intraoperative localization of pulmonary metastases can be technically challenging. We propose that intraoperative near-infrared (NIR) molecular imaging can be used as an adjunct during disease localization. Methods We inoculated 50 C57BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) flank tumors. After flank tumor growth, mice were injected through the tail vein with indocyanine green (ICG) before operation, and intraoperative imaging was used to detect pulmonary metastases. On the basis of these experiments, we enrolled 8 patients undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy into a pilot and feasibility clinical trial. Each patient received intravenous ICG 1 day before operation, followed by wedge or segmental resection. Samples were imaged on the back table with an NIR camera to confirm disease presence and margins. All murine and human tumors and margins were confirmed by pathologic examination. Results Mice had an average of 4 ± 2 metastatic tumors on both lungs, with an average size of 5.1 mm (interquartile range [IQR] 2.2 mm to 7.6 mm). Overall, 200 of 211 (95%) metastatic deposits were markedly fluorescent, with a mean tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of 3.4 (IQR 3.1 to 4.1). The remaining tumors had a TBR below 1.5. In the human study, intraoperative NIR imaging identified six of the eight preoperatively localized lesions. Intraoperative back table NIR imaging identified all metastatic lesions, which were confirmed by pathologic examination. The average tumor size was 1.75 ± 1.4 cm, and the mean ex vivo TBR was 3.3 (IQR 3.1 to 3.7). Pathologic examination demonstrated melanoma (n = 4), osteogenic sarcoma (n = 2), renal cell carcinoma (n = 2), chondrosarcoma (n = 1), leiomyosarcoma (n = 1), and colorectal carcinoma (n = 1). Conclusions Systemic ICG identifies subcentimeter tumor metastases to the lung in murine models, and this work provides proof of principle in humans. Future research is focused on improving depth of penetration into the lung parenchyma.
Identification of bean hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tetrahydroxyhexanedioate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HHHT): use of transgenic alfalfa to determine acceptor substrate specificity

Transgenic alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) provides a useful reverse genetics platform to elucidate acceptor substrate specificity for uncharacterized BAHD family hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydroxycinnamoyl transferases. Tissues of many plant species accumulate hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, often esters, thought to serve in protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In many cases, these specialized metabolites are produced by BAHD family hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA hydroxycinnamoyl transferases (HCTs). Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaves contain both hydroxycinnamoyl-malate esters and an HCT activity capable of making them. In seeking to identify this HCT from bean, we identified a gene whose predicted protein showed a high degree of sequence similarity (75%) to the Trifolium pratense (red clover) enzyme that carries out this reaction. The encoded bean protein, however, failed to carry out the malate transfer reaction when expressed in Escherichia coli. Expression of the gene in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) resulted in accumulation of several new hydroxycinnamates not present in nontransformed alfalfa, many of which corresponded to phenolics present in bean. Using accurate mass and UV absorption spectral data, we identified the acceptor substrate for this HCT as tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acids and demonstrated this predicted transferase activity with the E. coli-expressed protein. This finding adds to the growing number of BAHD family HCTs that have been characterized with respect to substrate specificity. Such data, combined with primary sequence and protein structural data will allow for a better understanding of the structure/function relationships of these enzymes and may eventually aid the rational design of such enzymes for altered substrate specificities. Additionally, expression of HCTs of unknown substrate specificity in alfalfa and characterization of the resulting accumulated novel metabolites could be a useful approach to characterizing putative BAHD HCT enzymes.
Application of NMR to studies of intrinsically disordered proteins

The prevalence of intrinsically disordered protein regions, particularly in eukaryotic proteins, and their clear functional advantages for signaling and gene regulation have created an imperative for high-resolution structural and mechanistic studies. NMR spectroscopy has played a central role in enhancing not only our understanding of the intrinsically disordered native state, but also how that state contributes to biological function. While pathological functions associated with protein aggregation are well established, it has recently become clear that disordered regions also mediate functionally advantageous assembly into high-order structures that promote the formation of membrane-less sub-cellular compartments and even hydrogels. Across the range of functional assembly states accessed by disordered regions, post-translational modifications and regulatory macromolecular interactions, which can also be investigated by NMR spectroscopy, feature prominently. Here we will explore the many ways in which NMR has advanced our understanding of the physical-chemical phase space occupied by disordered protein regions and provide prospectus for the future role of NMR in this emerging and exciting field.
The Effect of Signaled Response-Independent and Response-Dependent Reinforcers on Responding Maintained by a Variable-Interval Schedule

A light was correlated with either a fixed-time (FT) 10-sec. or fixed-interval (FI) 10-sec. schedule. With FT the light was terminated after 10 sec. and a response-independent food pellet was presented. With FI the first response emitted after 10 sec. produced a food pellet. These schedules were presented intermittently while operant lever pressing by rats was maintained on a variable interval schedule in the absence of the light. The probability that the termination of the light was correlated with a reinforcer and the likelihood that variable interval reinforcers could be obtained during the light were manipulated. The level of responding during the light was most likely to exceed the level of responding in the absence of the light when variable interval reinforcers occurred during the light or when an FI 10-sec. schedule was in effect. The level of responding was not affected significantly when no variable interval reinforcers occurred during the light and the light was correlated with FT 10-sec. The data suggest that facilitation of responding during the light was caused by a contingency between responding and the reinforcer correlated with the light’s termination.
Behaviors associated with mating success in the “purring” wolf spider Gladicosa gulosa

Studies of sexual selection in animal systems frequently use courtship and receptivity behaviors as metrics for mating success, and this is generally built upon data associating such behaviors with mating. Spider systems are becoming increasingly popular in sexual selection research, and the wolf spider Gladicosa gulosa has the potential to help answer unique questions in animal communication. However, this species is understudied, and no quantitative data exist that demonstrate which male and female behaviors may be indicators of mating success. We paired male and female G. gulosa and recorded the behaviors involved in their courtship and mating. We found a number of significant behaviors from both males and females, and we suggest which behaviors/variables are perhaps most predictive of mating success. Beyond building a data-based foundation for future work, we also suggest that the relationship of certain male and female variables may shed light on some of the more unique features of this species.
Output‐feedback H∞ quadratic tracking control of linear systems using reinforcement learning

SUMMARY This paper presents an online learning algorithm based on integral reinforcement learning (IRL) to design an output‐feedback (OPFB) H∞ tracking controller for partially unknown linear conti...
Pentobarbital Removal During Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background:Renal replacement therapy may enhance the elimination of barbiturates. Pentobarbital clearance during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) has not been described previously. We re...
Name and Characteristics of National Institutes of Health R01-Funded Pediatric Physician-Scientists: Hope and Challenges for the Vanishing Pediatric Physician-Scientists

This study describes the number and characteristics of physician-scientists who are funded by National Institutes of Health independent investigator awards.
The role of long-lived plasma and memory B cells in response to challenge with homologous and heterologous West Nile viruses (105.16)

Memory B cells (MBC) and long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) are generated after infection, but the significance of each population in conferring protection against secondary challenge remains unclear. Using a mouse model of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, we demonstrate that MBC possess a more cross-reactive repertoire to viral neutralization escape mutants than do LLPC. Through clonal analysis, we found that a high frequency of both MBC and LLPC generated by WNV infection recognize domain III (DIII) of the viral envelope, whereas a substantial fraction of MBC, but not LLPC, continue to recognize DIII with mutations at residues that comprise the neutralizing epitope (DIII-K307E, T330I). Accordingly, a variant virus carrying this mutation (WNV-K307E) was neutralized poorly relative to its wild type counterpart (8.3-fold reduction in EC50 value) by immune serum maintained by LLPC from WNV-immune mice. In contrast, adoptively transferred MBC readily generated antibodies upon WNV-K307E challenge that were not restricted to the wild type neutralizing epitope. These studies have implications on the analysis of protective immunity and evaluation of effective vaccines for viruses that vary at key neutralizing epitopes.
Completeness of Normal Modes for Symmetric Perturbations in Vertically Bounded Domain

Perturbations generated by symmetric instability can be characterized, in terms of growing normal modes, by slantwise vertical motion bands similar to those observed in frontal rainbands. Nonmodal growths of symmetric perturbations, characterized also by slantwise vertical motion bands, can be produced by linear combinations of normal modes even before the basic state becomes symmetrically unstable in order to generate growing modes. In this paper, normal modes for nonhydrostatic symmetric perturbations in a vertically bounded domain are revisited and constructed by free modes obtained in unbounded domain. The constructed modes form a complete set in the full-solution space, and thus, can construct any admissible solutions to further explore nonmodal growths of symmetric perturbations in the vertically bounded domain beyond previous studies.
Edge-Assited On-Sensor Information Selection for Bandwidth-Constrained System

Autonomusa adaption in IOT system has unique requirements for implementing the induced learning and control tasks a typical for a class setting. Data access, model updates, and decision making process oftten cannot be implemented with in a signal(powerful) computing device.
At the intersection of bilingual specialty and leadership: A collective case study of district leadership for emergent bilinguals

ABSTRACTIn this collective case study, the preparation of Indiana’s emergent bilingual district-level leaders demonstrates how they implement, negotiate, and lead language programs for their students. Most studies on leadership of emergent bilinguals focus on the building principal and not on this distinct district-level role. This district leadership study of bilingual students uses a three-phase approach, including a survey and semistructured interviews. Findings from 11 district-level leaders demonstrate that historic building principals who became district-level leaders have an ascribed status, able to work within an institutional network of symbolic capital, which informed a managerial form of leadership and thus a subtractive view of bilingualism. District-level leaders who moved from teacher-specialist to leader possessed cultural capital, negotiating the needs of emergent bilinguals and their bilingual teachers. The specialist-leader was more likely to have additive orientations toward bilingualis...
Reduced Critical Current Spread in Planar MgB 2 Josephson Junction Array Made by Focused Helium Ion Beam

We have fabricated series arrays of closely spaced planar Josephson junctions on MgB2 films using a 30 keV focused helium ion beam. Uniformity of junction parameters within the arrays is sufficient for achieving phase-lock into an applied microwave signal, and flat giant Shapiro steps are observed. The spread in critical current of a 60-Josephson junction array is estimated to be less than 3.5%, significantly better than reported in MgB2 junctions fabricated by other techniques. These results demonstrate the potential of the focused He+ ion beam irradiation technique in MgB2 Josephson multi-junction circuit applications such as quantum voltage standards.
Spatial scaling in multiscale models: methods for coupling agent-based and finite-element models of wound healing

Multiscale models that couple agent-based modeling (ABM) and finite-element modeling (FEM) allow the dynamic simulation of tissue remodeling and wound healing, with mechanical environment influencing cellular behaviors even as tissue remodeling modifies mechanics. One of the challenges in coupling ABM to FEM is that these two domains typically employ grid or element sizes that differ by several orders of magnitude. Here, we develop and demonstrate an interpolation-based method for mapping between ABM and FEM domains of different resolutions that is suitable for linear and nonlinear FEM meshes and balances accuracy with computational demands. We then explore the effects of refining the FEM mesh and the ABM grid in the setting of a fully coupled model. ABM grid refinement studies showed unexpected effects of grid size whenever cells were present at a high enough density for crowding to affect proliferation and migration. In contrast to an FE-only model, refining the FE mesh in the coupled model increased strain differences between adjacent finite elements. Allowing strain-dependent feedback on collagen turnover magnified the effects of regional heterogeneity, producing highly nonlinear spatial and temporal responses. Our results suggest that the choice of both ABM grid and FEM mesh density in coupled models must be guided by experimental data and accompanied by careful grid and mesh refinement studies in the individual domains as well as the fully coupled model.
Cis/Trans Energetics in Epoxide, Thiirane, Aziridine and Phosphirane Containing Cyclopentanols: Effects of Intramolecular OH⋯O, S, N and P Contacts

A recent computational analysis of the stabilizing intramolecular OH⋯O contact in 1,2-dialkyl-2,3-epoxycyclopentanol diastereomers has been extended to thiiriane, aziridine and phosphirane analogues. Density functional theory (DFT), second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and CCSD(T) coupled-cluster computations with simple methyl and ethyl substituents indicate that electronic energies of the c i s isomers are lowered by roughly 3 to 4 kcal mol−1 when the OH group of these cyclopentanol systems forms an intramolecular contact with the O, S, N or P atom on the adjacent carbon. The results also suggest that S and P can participate in these stabilizing intramolecular interactions as effectively as O and N in constrained molecular environments. The stabilizing intramolecular OH⋯O, OH⋯S, OH⋯N and OH⋯P contacts also increase the covalent OH bond length and significantly decrease the OH stretching vibrational frequency in every system with shifts typically on the order of −41 cm−1.
Turbulence in Polymer Solutions

The constitutive (rheological) equation of state, relating local stress to the rate-of-strain tensor, is derived consistently within the kinetic theory approximation for a dilute solution of elastic polymers in a strong flow. Microscopic polymer parameters (i.e. nonlinear elastic potential and the equilibrium polymer length) enter explicitly this coarse-grained description. This theory describes recent experiments by Groisman and Steinberg [1] on pure elastic turbulence (i.e. a steady state, realized at very low Re number, which is characterized by a non-smooth small-scale velocity distribution). The measured temporal spectra of velocity fluctuations are theoretically explained. A coarse-grained hydrodynamic description of pure elastic turbulence is given by a nonlinear diffusion equation for the velocity gradient tensor. Nonlinear elastic dissipation (originating from the anharmonic polymer elasticity) plays a key role in the emergence of the small scale turbulence.
An interprofessional collaboration of care to improve clinical outcomes for patients with diabetes.

This project addressed interprofessional team-based care to improve management and outcomes of complex patients with diabetes. A collaborative model between Family Medicine and Nursing was develope...
DICTUM: Distributed Irrigation aCtuation with Turf hUmidity Modeling

Lawns make up the largest irrigated crop by surface area in North America and carry with it a demand for over 7B gallons of freshwater each day. Despite recent developments in irrigation control and sprinkler technology, state-of-the-art irrigation systems do nothing to compensate for areas of turf with heterogeneous water needs. In this work, we overcome the physical limitations of the traditional irrigation system with the development of a sprinkler node that can sense the local soil moisture, communicate wirelessly, and actuate its own sprinkler based on a centrally computed schedule. A model is then developed to compute moisture movement from runoff, absorption, and diffusion. Integrated with an optimization framework, optimal valve scheduling can be found for each sprinkler node in the space. In a turf area covering over 10,000ft2, two separate deployments with four weeks of fine-grained data collection show that DICTUM can reduce water consumption by 23.4% over traditional campus scheduling, and by 12.3% over state-of-the-art evapotranspiration systems while substantially improving conditions for plant health. In addition to environmental, social, and health benefits, DICTUM is shown to return its investment in 16 to 18 months based on water consumption alone.
Drug resistant gut bacteria mimic a host mechanism for anticancer drug clearance

Microbiome surveys indicate that pharmaceuticals are the top predictor of inter-individual variations in gut microbial community structure1, consistent with in vitro evidence that non-antibiotic (i.e. host-targeted) drugs inhibit gut bacterial growth2and are subject to extensive metabolism by the gut microbiome3,4. In oncology, bacterial metabolism has been implicated in both drug efficacy5,6and toxicity7,8; however, the degree to which bacterial sensitivity and metabolism can be driven by conserved pathways also found in mammalian cells remains poorly understood. Here, we show that anticancer fluoropyrimidine drugs broadly inhibit the growth of diverse gut bacterial strains. Media supplementation, transcriptional profiling (RNA-seq), and bacterial genetics implicated pyrimidine metabolism as a key target in bacteria, as in mammalian cells. Drug resistant bacteria metabolized 5FU to its inactive metabolite dihydrofluorouracil (DHFU) mimicking the major host pathway for drug clearance. Functional orthologs of the bacterial operon responsible (preTA) are widespread across human gut bacteria from the Firmicutes and Proteobacteria phyla. The observed conservation of both the targets and pathways for metabolism of therapeutics across domains highlights the need to distinguish the relative contributions of human and microbial cells to drug disposition9, efficacy, and side effect profiles.
Economics of Laparoscopic Colectomy

Laparoscopic colectomy has steadily become a standardized, easily taught operation and ultimately enjoys a near 50 % adoption rate in the United States. Offshoots of single incision, NOTES, and robotics have necessitated additional instrumentation beyond what is typically consumed, both at a cost to the system and their associated learning curve. The question remains whether these approaches offer compelling clinical advantages in an increasingly cost-constrained system, which must deliver high-quality results at lower cost. For example, the often significantly higher cost of device acquisition and devices associated with the robotic-assisted colon resection appear to offer the same outcomes as can be achieved in most cases by a trained laparoscopic surgeon. In this chapter, I will explore the various issues that have impacted cost-efficiency of minimally invasive approaches to colectomy, as well as those issues that still require attention to realize the full benefits of this surgical approach.
Reactive modeling of Mo3Si oxidation and resulting silica morphology

Abstract Oxidation and corrosion have a significant economic footprint. Mo-based alloys are a strong candidate for structural materials with oxidation resistance at high temperatures. However, understanding of the mechanisms remains limited as experimental techniques do not reach atomic-scale resolution. We examined the mechanism of oxidation of Mo3Si (A15 phase) in Mo-Si-B alloys, the emergence of a superficial silica scale, and explain available experimental data up to the large nanometer scale using chemically detailed reactive simulations. We introduce new simulation protocols for layer-by-layer oxidation and simple force fields for the reactants, intermediates, and products. Growth of thin superficial silica layers as a function of temperature and oxidation rate on the (001) surface involves the formation of silica clusters, rings, and chains with pore sizes of 0 to 2 nm. An increase in temperature from 800 to 1000°C slightly decreased the pore size and lead to less accumulation of Mo oxides at the interface, consistent with observations by electron tomography and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The elimination of gaseous MoOx is essential to form open channels and much larger pores up to 100 nm size as observed by 3D tomography, in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as the oxide phase grows. According to the simulation, these large pores would otherwise be closed. The rate of oxidation, represented by successive oxidation of layers of variable thickness per unit time, influences the structure and cohesion of silica layers. High rates of oxidation can destabilize and break apart the silica layer, supported by a very wide pore size distribution in electron tomography. Limitations of the simulations in time scale currently restrict the analysis to few-layer oxidation. Within these bounds, the proposed simulation protocols can provide insight into the oxidation of (hkl) surfaces, grain boundaries, and various alloys compositions up to the 100 nm scale in atomic-level detail.
Exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress among youth in public housing: do community, family, and peers matter?

This study examines the mediating roles of neighborhood risk factors, parental behaviors, and peers on the relationship between community violence exposure and posttraumatic stress in a sample of urban youth in low-income public housing communities. Data are from 320 African-American youth living in public housing in a northeastern city in the USA. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine the stated relationships. Study results point to significant effects of violence exposure on posttraumatic stress in urban youth. While findings indicated indirect effects of neighborhood risk, parenting practices, and exposure to delinquent peers on posttraumatic stress, each of these paths operates through their relationship with violence exposure, with exposure to delinquent peers having the strongest mediating effect. Exposure to delinquent peers mediates the effects of neighborhood risks and parental behaviors on exposure to community violence, representing one potential intervention point to disrupt the deleterious effects of exposure to violence among youth. Our findings suggest interventions that address peer influence, and group norms may serve as protective factors against the risk of youth violence exposure. Overall, results highlight the co-occurring socioecological context of community violence exposure for youth living in public housing.
The Use of Sequential Integrated Screening to Stratify Risk in Monochorionic-Diamniotic Twin Pregnancies.

Objective This study aimed to identify differences in sequential integrated screening and early ultrasound markers in monochorionic/diamniotic (MC/DA) pregnancies complicated by twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and unequal placental sharing (UPS). Study Design Retrospective cohort study of MC/DA pregnancies evaluated between January 2012 and July 2017 at the University of California San Francisco. MC/DA pregnancies with ultrasound surveillance up to 26 weeks who participated in the California Prenatal Screening Program (CPSP) were included. Pregnancies with structural or genetic anomalies were excluded. UPS was defined as an intertwin growth discordance ≥20%. Intertwin nuchal translucency (NT) discordance was calculated by the absolute value of the difference of the NT of cotwins. Kruskal–Wallis or ANOVA testing was performed where appropriate, and negative binomial regression models were chosen to test for differences in mean biomarker levels by outcome group. Results A total of 191 MC/DA pregnancies were included; 85 were affected by TTTS, 35 by UPS, and 71 controls. Significant differences in intertwin NT discordance in pregnancies complicated by TTTS and UPS compared with controls (p = 0.007) were found. TTTS cases had a mean NT discordance greater than two times that of controls (p = 0.04), while UPS cases had a value more than three times greater (p = 0.003). There was a statistically significant difference in mean second trimester human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) between the cohorts (p = 0.0002) with TTTS cases having a mean second trimester hCG value 1.5 greater than both controls (p Conclusion Our study shows that there are unique differences in early ultrasound and sequential integrated serum markers between MC/DA gestations complicated by TTTS and UPS versus those unaffected. Key Points
The Rise of Streaming Music and Implications for Music Production

In this paper, we model the potential for streaming music, a non-durable product, to upend and displace durable music sales. As the popularity of streaming music increases producers will adjust their production to focus on the non-durable channel. We identify conditions under which the changes in music delivery will encourage musicians to release fewer songs, but at a higher quality, leading to market deepening and increased engagement. This change will complete the unbundling process in music production making the traditional bundled album of little importance. This tendency toward unbundling for individual musicians depends on a robust bundle from a delivery platform to provide value for consumer subscriptions. Beyond a model of consumer utility and producer profit, we analyze the most played songs of the large streaming music platform, Spotify, and compare those results to traditional album sales using Nielsen data.
Epithelioid Cell Clusters With an Extensive Lymphoid BackgroundA Common Cytologic Architectural Pattern in the Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Lesions by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

•Context.-Fine-needle aspiration of salivary gland lesions can be particularly challenging for pathologists. There are numerous neoplasms that occur in this area and several cytologic variations of each specific lesion. Objective.-To present and discuss a practical pattern recognition approach to fine-needle aspiration diagnosis, which includes categorizing lesions that share a certain overall cytologic architectural pattern, followed by identifying unique cellular characteristics that are specific to a certain lesion. An extensive discussion of one cytologic common pattern of salivary gland lesions, "epithelioid cell clusters with an extensive lymphoid background," is presented. The pathologic entities that fall under this architectural pattern group are discussed, with an emphasis on neoplasms. Data Sources.-Published literature and personal experience. Conclusions.-A practical cytologic architectural pattern method can aid the pathologist in rendering a correct diagnosis when evaluating salivary gland lesions. One common pattern in salivary gland cytopathology is epithelioid cell clusters with an extensive lymphoid background. This pattern is often associated with Warthin tumor; however, other benign and malignant entities fall under this diagnostic group. Unique cytologic features separate these lesions into their respective diagnostic category.
Toward a pedagogy of intentionality

To challenge various faulty assumptions about prevailing creative writing pedagogies, we may start by theorising alternate ways to treat students’ intentions with and for their creative work. A ped...
The effect of neighbors on the effective inertial collision efficiency of cylindrical collectors

Abstract We consider the effect that an upstream cylinder has on the effective inertial collection efficiency of a downstream cylinder. We consider an initially uniform distribution of particles moving past a cylindrical fiber in a potential crossflow and numerically calculate the resulting particle distribution far downstream of the fiber using finite differences. We then investigate the effect that the downstream distribution of particles has on the effective inertial collision efficiency of a downstream test cylinder oriented parallel to the first. We show that the effective collision efficiency of the test cylinder depends on its relative offset in the transverse direction (normal to the flow) with respect to the upstream cylinder. For relatively small offsets there is complete shielding, and no particles collide with the test cylinder. As the offset increases, a growing effective collision efficiency is observed leading to a significant enhancement relative to the collision efficiency of an isolated cylinder for intermediate offsets and Stokes numbers close to unity. Importantly, we observe relative gains in effective collision efficiency above 100% for a range of Stokes number and offset values. For larger offsets and Stokes numbers, the effect of the upstream cylinder on the effective collision efficiency of the test cylinder decreases and eventually becomes negligible. Detailed results are provided for Stokes drag acting on the particles and we also show that a non-linear drag has negligible effect on the observed trends for the conditions relevant to filtration systems. These results suggest that the arrangement of fibers has a substantial effect on inertial particle impaction even when neighboring fibers do not alter the flow field around each individual collector. Moreover, periodic arrangements with specific orientations with respect of the flow could lead to a significant enhancement of the inertial collision of particles on an array of collectors, thus contributing towards a better filtration performance.
PROBABILISTIC TORSIONAL VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF A MOTOR SHIP PROPULSION SHAFTING SYSTEM: THE INPUT-OUTPUT PROBLEM

A probabilistic approach to the torsional vibration analysis of a marine diesel engine propulsion shafting system is developed. The diesel engine and propeller torsional excitation are modeled probabilistically. The statistical properties of the resulting torsional vibratory shear stress in each element of the shafting system are determined by solving the corresponding input-output problem.The problem is solved in its general form by deriving an expression relating the double Fourier transform of the output autocorrelation function with the double Fourier transform of the input autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions. The probabilistic approach is applied to calculate the stress statistics in each shafting element of existing low-speed and medium-speed diesel engine propulsion shafting systems.
IMPACT OF DUAL CAREERS ON AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE: COMPARISON OF 11 COUNTRIES

The dissolution of the sexual division of labour remains, in Hochschild's (1989) words, a 'stalled' revolution. While more and more married women participate in paid work, men have not equalized the division of labour by appreciably increasing the time they devote to unpaid domestic tasks. The state can assist in managing this double time burden on women by enabling families to externalize a portion of it via social provisions supporting maternal employment. This paper presents a formal model of family time and resource distribution, women's constraints therein, and the impact the market or social provisions can have in alleviating the strains between production and reproduction. The extent to which the externalization of the burden of care maintains both female labour force participation and family size is then analyzed for 11 countries in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s using data from the Luxembourg Income Study.
Examining the Relationship between Online Review Sentiment and Sales

This paper studied 1942 products from Amazon.com to examine how online review sentiment affects sales. The findings show that controlling for the volume of online reviews, the online review sentiment does affect sales. Additionally, product price serves as a moderator for this impact; however, product type doesn’t. That is, regardless of product type, the high proportion of negative reviews would significantly undermine the sales of priced products, but not the sales of free products. Also, this negative effect of negative online review sentiment is mitigated or even negated for hedonic and free products when they have many reviews. All the findings imply that people are sometimes skeptical of negative reviews and this skeptical attitude is contingent on free versus priced products.
A single-step maximum a posteriori update for bearing-only SLAM

This paper presents a novel recursive maximum a posteriori update for the Kalman formulation of undelayed bearing-only SLAM. The estimation update step is cast as an optimization problem for which we can prove the global minimum is reachable via a bidirectional search using Gauss-Newton's method along a one-dimensional manifold. While the filter is designed for mapping just one landmark, it is easily extended to full-scale multiple-landmark SLAM. We provide this extension via a formulation of bearing-only FastSLAM. With experiments, we demonstrate accurate and convergent estimation in situations where an EKF solution would diverge.
CaM kinase activation and cancer cell growth are controlled by AKAP7 (613.4)

Estrogen (E2) activates the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaM Kinases) in breast cancer cells. The CaM Kinases regulate ERK leading to transcription and cell growth. CaM Kinase acti...
A conflict of water and fire: Remote sensing imagery of the Uinkaret Volcanic Field, Grand Canyon, Arizona

The sedimentary geology of the western Grand Canyon consists of gently northeast dipping sandstones, shales, and carbonates. However, due to facies changes within the units, the geomorphology varies from that seen by visitors at the National Park Headquarters. There, the cliff and slope expression of the rocks is replaced in the west by a series of mesas, ridges, and horizontal platforms. The largest of these occurs on the Esplanade Sandstone within the Supai Formation. The Esplanade is formed by slope retreat of the overlying units and resistance to erosion by the underlying limestones. It is onto this platform that the lavas of the Uinkaret Plateau were emplaced. The Uinkaret lava field lies 120 km south of St. George, Utah and is tectonically defined by two major normal faults -- the Hurricane to the west and the Toroweap to the east. The purpose of this investigation was to collect visible, near and thermal infrared data at different periods of the day and year. It is expected that these data will provide the ability to retrieve water temperatures; monitor sediment loads; map and examine any changes in the near shore vegetation communities and understand some of the intricacies of the geology. This paper will serve, to some degree, as a progress report on the Grand Canyon study, since only a fraction of the data has been received and processed thus far. Data from the Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS) and the Landsat Thematic Mapper simulator (NS001) were acquired simultaneously on April 4, 1994. A second data acquisition occurred on August 27, 1994. Initial analysis of the TIMS data indicates a remarkably noise-free data set with minimal atmospheric attenuation. environments is evident.
Deuterium Labeling for Neutron Structure-Function-Dynamics Analysis

Neutron scattering and diffraction provide detailed information on the structure and dynamics of biological materials across time and length scales that range from picoseconds to nanoseconds and from 1 to 10,000 A, respectively. The particular sensitivity of neutrons to the isotopes of hydrogen makes selective deuterium labeling of biological systems an essential tool for maximizing the return from neutron scattering experiments. In neutron protein crystallography, the use of fully deuterated protein crystals improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the data by an order of magnitude and enhances the visibi-lity of the molecular structure (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:3872-3877, 2000; Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 61:1413-1417, 2005; Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 61:539-544, 2005). In solution and surface scattering experiments, the incorporation of deuterium-labeled subunits or components into complex assemblies or structures makes it possible to deconvolute the scattering of the labeled and unlabeled subunits and to determine their relative dispositions within the complex (J Mol Biol 93:255-265, 1975). With multiple labeling patterns, it is also possible to reconstruct the locations of multiple subunits in ternary and higher-order complexes (Science 238:1403-1406, 1987; J Mol Biol 271:588-601, 1997; J Biol Chem 275:14432-14439, 2000; Biochemistry 42:7790-7800, 2003). In inelastic neutron scattering experiments, which probe hydrogen dynamics in biological materials, the application of site, residue, or region-specific hydrogen-deuterium-labeling patterns can be used to distinguish and highlight the specific dynamics within a system (Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:4970-4975, 1998).Partial, selective, or fully deuterated proteins can be readily produced by endogenous expression of recombinant proteins in bacterial systems that are adapted to growth in D(2)O solution and using selectively deuterated carbon sources. Adaptation can be achieved either by gradual step-wise increase in D(2)O concentration or, more directly, by plating cells on media of choice and selecting colonies that perform best for subsequent culture and inoculation. Scale-up growth and expression is typically performed in standard shaker flasks using either commercial or "home-grown" rich media (derived, for example, from cell lysates produced from algae grown in D(2)O) or under more controlled conditions in defined minimal media. Cell growth is typically slower in deuterated media (>5 times slower) and yields are correspondingly lower. Once the target protein has been expressed, purification proceeds by the protocols developed for the hydrogenated protein. The deuteration levels of the final product are determined by mass spectrometry.
Propagation of an N wave across a nonuniform medium.

N wave propagation across nonuniform medium described by cloud or front layer, using geometrical optics
The situations we talk about

I argue in favor of associating situations (events, episodes, eventualities, etc.) with arbitrarily complex sentences, not just atomic predicates, in NL interpretation. In that respect, a Situation Semantics approach to incorporating situations into semantic representations is preferable to a Davidsonian one. However, I will further argue that beyond the notion of further or falsity of a sentence in a situation, as in Situation Semantics, we also need the notion of a sentence characterizing a situation, in order to deal adequately with causal relations mentioned or implied in NL texts. I propose a way of doing this that essentially reduces complex situations to joins of basic, Davidsonian ones, along with basic situations corresponding to negated predications. The resulting situational logic, called FOL**, captures many of the essential features of both Davidsonian and Situation Semantics approaches to representing the content of sentences describing situations. The proposed semantics supports common intuitions about truth-in-situations, about the existence of situations characterized by sentences, and about persistence of information from parts of situations to the whole. I allow for temporal parts of situations as well as concurrent parts, and distinguish persistence properties or telic and atelic sentences. The development of FOL** is part of a continuing effort to fully formalize Episodic Logic, an implemented knowledge representation designed to support language understanding.