cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of Alternate Methods for Scoring the Rorschach Interaction Scale

The Rorschach Interaction Scale (RIS) was recently developed to permit scoring the content of certain Rorschach responses in terms of the emotional tone (both positive and negative) associated with responses involving the interaction between two or more human, human-like, or animal figures. Scores on the original scale have been found to be related to later health or disease in a long-range, prospective investigation of medical students. In an effort to devise more sensitive scoring procedures that would express all information inherent in the scale, 18 additional RIS scores were defined and derived. Subsequent factor analyses of these measures revealed the existence of five factors, each of which was well represented by a single score with comparatively little overlap. The relationships of these five scores to later health outcomes will be the subject of ongoing research involving this data base.
Lesson learning and trans-boundary waters: a look at the Global Environment Facility's international waters program

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) aims to assist countries in better understanding the functioning of their international water systems and developing an appreciation of how sectoral activities have an impact on the environment. By funding the transaction costs of the learning processes necessary to gain a better understanding of these ecosystems, the GEF hopes countries will collaborate with their neighbors to reach effective solutions collectively. This paper explores lessons learned from GEF efforts concerning trans-boundary water resources. It investigates GEF efforts in (1) creating a shared vision, (2) involving the public and private sectors, (3) coordinating program activities, (4) building governance institutions and capacity, and (5) improving the ecosystem. These lessons reveal relative success in creating a shared vision and building governance institutions and capacity for trans-boundary waters but uncovers significant obstacles in the other areas.
Transmission-Constrained Residual Demand Derivative in Electricity Markets

The residual demand derivative plays a central role in constructing the best response to competitors' strategies in widely used strategic models such as the Cournot model and the supply function model. In the absence of transportation or transmission constraints, the residual demand derivative is obtained straightforwardly by taking the derivative of the residual demand function with respect to price. However, in an electricity market, the market is embedded in a transmission network. When there is no transmission congestion, the residual demand derivative can be calculated as usual, but when there is transmission congestion, the residual demand derivative is more difficult to calculate. In this paper, we characterize the transmission-constrained residual demand derivative. We use the dc power flow model and characterize the residual demand derivative analytically. The residual demand derivative could also be obtained from the solution of a specific weighted least squares problem. Several properties of the residual demand derivative are implications of the weighted least squares theory. We also characterize the condition under which the residual demand derivative will be bounded or unbounded when there are perfectly elastic supplies/demands at some buses in the system. We verified our results in three examples: a two-bus system, a four-bus two-loop system, and a three-bus one-loop system with one perfectly elastic supply. The residual demand derivative characterization can be used to analyze the strategic behavior in both the Cournot model and the supply function model with transmission constraints, and it can be easily incorporated into sophisticated optimal strategy algorithms.
Assessable Consequences of Through‐Bond Donor–Acceptor Interactions in β‐Aminoketones

Reported are the syntheses of ester-functionalized (6-8) and alkyl-substituted (9) 1-aza-adamantanones; the easy handling of the compounds provides an opportunity to comprehensively study the fundamental changes in structure and reactivity that can accompany the donor-acceptor arrangement in rigid beta-aminoketones. X-ray structural analysis of trione 6 and dione 7 reveals bond length and angle variations consistent with through-bond (hyperconjugative) donor-acceptor interactions. Observed is a shortening of the C-N bond, elongation of the central C-C bond (to approximately 1.6 A), and a significant pyramidalization of the carbonyl carbon within the donor-sigma-acceptor pathway. UV/Vis spectra of 6-9 show a new absorption maximum (lambda(max)=260-275 nm in three solvents), the so-called "sigma-coupled transition"; the molar absorptivity scales with the number of carbonyl groups (for trione 6, epsilon approximately 3000, for dione 7, epsilon approximately 2000) and the band reversibly disappears upon addition of acid. IR and (13)C NMR spectroscopic data show trends consistent with through-bond donation to the carbonyl acceptor groups and commensurate weakening of the carbonyl pi bond. High yielding acid-mediated fragmentations are used to illustrate the effects of the donor-acceptor arrangement on the reactivity of the molecules. Given that donor-sigma-acceptor molecules have recently been found to show self-assembly behavior and macromolecular properties linked to their unusual structure, the current analysis encourages further consideration of the systems in advanced materials applications.
A phase I, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of two schedules of vorinostat in combination with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with refractory solid tumors.

Purpose: We conducted a phase I clinical trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of daily or twice daily vorinostat × 3 days when combined with fixed doses of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin every 2 weeks. Experimental Design: Vorinostat doses were escalated in a standard 3 × 3 phase I design. FU/leucovorin was started on day 2 of vorinostat and consisted of leucovorin 400 mg/m 2 i.v. over 2 hours followed by FU 400 mg/m 2 i.v. bolus and 2,400 mg/m 2 over 46 hours (sLV5FU2). Results: Forty-three patients were enrolled. Grade 3 fatigue, and hand and foot syndrome were the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) at the 2,000 mg vorinostat once-daily dose level. Grade 3 fatigue and mucositis were DLTs at the 800 mg vorinostat twice-daily dose level. None of six patients at the 1,700 mg once daily or six patients at the 600 mg twice daily dose levels had a DLT; those dose levels represent the MTD. Twenty-one of 38 patients with FU-refractory colorectal cancer had stable disease, and one had a partial response. Vorinostat maximum serum concentrations at the MTD exceeded concentrations associated with thymidylate synthase downregulation in vitro . No pharmacokinetic interactions were noted between vorinostat and FU. Conclusions: The MTD of vorinostat in combination with sLV5FU2 is 1,700 mg orally once daily × 3 or 600 mg orally twice daily × 3 days every 2 weeks. Clinical activity in refractory colorectal cancer supports further clinical development of this combination. Clin Cancer Res; 16(14); 3786–94. ©2010 AACR.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies to Pandemic 1957 H2N2 and Pandemic 1968 H3N2 Influenza Viruses

Investigation of the human antibody response to the 1957 pandemic H2N2 influenza A virus has been largely limited to serologic studies. We generated five influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) by hybridoma technology from the peripheral blood of healthy donors who were born between 1950 and 1968. Two MAbs reacted with the pandemic H2N2 virus, two recognized the pandemic H3N2 virus, and remarkably, one reacted with both the pandemic H2N2 and H3N2 viruses. Each of these five naturally occurring MAbs displayed hemagglutination inhibition activity, suggesting specificity for the globular head domain of influenza virus HA. When incubated with virus, MAbs 8F8, 8M2, and 2G1 each elicited H2N2 escape mutations immediately adjacent to the receptor-binding domain on the HA globular head in embryonated chicken eggs. All H2N2-specific MAbs were able to inhibit a 2006 swine H2N3 influenza virus. MAbs 8M2 and 2G1 shared the V(H)1-69 germ line gene, but these antibodies were otherwise not genetically related. Each antibody was able to protect mice in a lethal H2N2 virus challenge. Thus, even 43 years after circulation of H2N2 viruses, these subjects possessed peripheral blood B cells encoding potent inhibiting antibodies specific for a conserved region on the globular head of the pandemic H2 HA.
Regulatory Forum Commentary*: Is Unexpected Immunostimulation Manageable in Pharmaceutical Development?

One of the biggest challenges in drug development is interpretation of findings suggestive of immunostimulation, particularly when the findings are unexpected based on the known mechanism of action of the drug. Findings suggestive of immunostimulation do not necessarily preclude development of the drug. By understanding mechanism, the patient population, and species differences and by careful clinical monitoring, many of the drugs that produce immunostimulation can be successfully developed. This opinion piece describes various types of immunostimulation and a risk assessment strategy for management of unexpected immunostimulation in toxicity studies.
Maraviroc: a coreceptor CCR5 antagonist for management of HIV infection.

Purpose. The mechanism of action, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, drug interactions, adverse effects, dosage and administration, cost, and role in therapy of maraviroc are reviewed. Summary. Maraviroc is the first CCR5 coreceptor antagonist to receive marketing approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection as part of an optimized antiretroviral regimen in treatment-experienced patients. As 50% or more of treatment-experienced patients may be infected with CXCR4-tropic virus, a tropism assay should be performed before initiating maraviroc therapy. The majority of evidence supporting maraviroc’s use comes from two studies of HIV-infected, treatment-experienced patients. Pooled analysis from these two studies revealed that twice-daily maraviroc decreased HIV-1 RNA by 1.84 log copies/mL, compared with 0.78 log copy/mL with placebo. Forty-six percent of subjects attained an HIV-1 RNA concentration of <50 copies/mL, compared with only 17% with placebo. In a trial of treatment-naive HIV-infected individuals, maraviroc failed to show noninferiority to efavirenz. Maraviroc is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 3A4 and is subject to interactions with inhibitors and inducers of that isoenzyme, such as the protease inhibitors (except tipranavir), efavirenz, and rifampin. Resistance has been reported with maraviroc, but specific mechanisms are still poorly understood. The most common adverse effects reported with maraviroc were diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, and headache. Conclusion. Available data support the use of maraviroc, the first CCR5 antagonist to receive FDA marketing approval, as part of an optimized antiretroviral regimen in treatment-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV.
What do We Know about Conversation Participants: Experiments on Conversation Entailment

Given the increasing amount of conversation data, techniques to automatically acquire information about conversation participants have become more important. Towards this goal, we investigate the problem of conversation entailment, a task that determines whether a given conversation discourse entails a hypothesis about the participants. This paper describes the challenges related to conversation entailment based on our collected data and presents a probabilistic framework that incorporates conversation context in entailment prediction. Our preliminary experimental results have shown that conversation context, in particular dialogue act, plays an important role in conversation entailment.
Blueprint for an integrated vehicle health management system

Space flight programs face continuous and increasing pressures to reduce risks to safety of flight, accomplish mission success and reduce the cost of operations and maintenance. Space flight operations are complex and inherently high-risk. Large teams of experts are needed to perform all of the required activities, and several months of work are needed to prepare a vehicle and train the flight crew and operations teams for the mission. Multiple layers of oversight have been developed to assure that missions are completed safely and successfully. These extensive and complex processes drive up the cost of space flight and assure that only a few missions are flown per year. Many of the concepts needed for significant gains in efficiency of space flight operations have been demonstrated in isolation. Meeting the challenges to integrate vehicle health management across the enterprise will open doors to highly streamlined space flight operations and enhances the possibility of commercial viability of space flight.
Design and fabrication of the self-aligned opposed gate-source transistor

The authors report on the modeling, design, and successful realization of the self-aligned opposed gate-source transistor (OGST). An advanced distributed traveling-wave mathematical model of the OGST is used to determine the optimal gate width for 94-GHz operation. A novel fabrication process is described that utilizes a new lithography technique, resonant refractive index lithography, to self-align a 0.15- mu m source to a 0.3- mu m gate on opposite sides of a 0.2- mu m-thick GaAs active layer. The authors report on the DC operating characteristics of the self-aligned OGST and compare these results with theoretical models. >
What Can a UN Health Summit Do

A United Nations high-level summit meeting on noncommunicable diseases will set priorities for addressing this major threat to the health of both developing and developed nations.
Efficient morphological shape representation by varying overlapping levels between representative disks

In this paper, we propose a new way of generalizing three basic morphological shape representation algorithms to improve representational efficiency. In all three basic algorithms, a fixed overlapping policy is used to control the overlapping relationships between representative disks of different sizes. In our new algorithm, different overlapping policies are used to generate shape components that have different overlapping relationships among themselves. The overlapping policy is selected dynamically according to local shape features. Experiments show that compared to the three basic algorithms, our algorithm produces more efficient representations with lower numbers of representative points.
Rural energy security using autonomous micro-turbine smart grids

Rural energy security is a topic of great importance, not only in the USA, but in many regions of the world. In many places, there is no grid. We propose the development of autonomous smart grids which can be used in any region without the existence of a centralized grid. The grids can be portable and can support a small population, as well as, scaling to larger one.
Predicting Failure in the Commercial Banking Industry

The ability to predict bank failure has become much more important since the mortgage foreclosure crisis began in 2007. The model proposed in this study uses proxies for the regulatory standards embodied in the so-called CAMELS rating system, as well as several local or national economic variables to produce a model that is robust enough to forecast bank failure for the entire commercial bank industry in the United States. This model is able to predict failure (survival) accurately for commercial banks during both the savings and loan and the mortgage foreclosure crises. Other important results include the insignificance of several factors proposed in the literature, including total assets, real price of energy, currency ratio and the interest rate spread.
SAR response to spatially and temporally varying wind fields

This paper discusses some considerations involved in modeling the transient effects associated with unsteady or non-uniform wind fields over the ocean. The spectral energy balance equation is solved for some simple cases in which the wind varies in time or space, using various formulations for the wind input and dissipation terms. An overshoot effect is shown to occur when the energy dissipation rate is assumed to be proportional to the velocity variance due to longer waves in the spectrum. Examples are presented and some implications for SAR image interpretation are discussed.
Location Theory and the Cotton Industry

The body of thought on location is composed of several contributory JL streams. The best known of these, that associated with the name of Alfred Weber, has concerned itself with the explanation of the choice of production sites by manufacturing industries, and is consequently the stream most closely related to my inquiry.1 However, the Weber school typically pays very little attention to the historical aspects of its subjects; this neglect is apparent both in the nature of the data employed and in the selection of scope, and the placing of emphasis. In the first part of this paper I shall offer an example of a Weber-like analysis or evaluation of the location factors involved in the cotton industry of this country during the past sixty years, as adapted to the purposes of historical inquiry and to the use of historical data; in the second part, I shall apply to some specific historical situations the results of the analysis presented in the first part.
Presence and Perceived Attitudes of other Family Members in the Home as They Relate to Employees' Job Satisfaction:

Professional employees' job satisfaction and its relationship to the employees' family relations provide the focus of this study. Specifically, the study examined the presence and the perceived attitudes of other family members in the home and their relationship to the employees' job satisfaction. A national sample of 362 nurses completed a questionnaire measuring employees' job satisfaction, satisfaction with their ability to discuss positive aspects of work at home, the presence of family members in the home, and selected demographic characteristics. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses. The covariates were age, education, sex, organization experience, and employment status (hours of employment); and the dependent variables were five factors of job satisfaction generated through principal component analysis. Analysis indicated that both the employees' satisfaction with ability to discuss positive work accomplishments and the presence of a nonadult family member are related...
The oviposition-deterring pheromone in Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Abstract The oviposition-deterring pheromone (ODP) of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran is an extremely stable compound(s) both under acidic and basic conditions. The extraction experiments showed that the pheromonal compound(s) was unextractable into any of the organic solvents including chloroform, hexane, ethyl acetate and ether, both in acidic and basic conditions, and that the activity remained in the aqueous phase. Dialysis experiments suggest that the molecular weight of the ODP component(s) is less than 12,000. A generalized scheme for partial purification and accumulation of the pheromone is described. Zusammenfassung Das die Eiablage verhindernde Pheromon von Rhagoletis indifferens Curr. (Dipt., Tephritidae). 2. Chemische Charakterisierung und partielle Reinigung Das die Eiablage verhindernde Pheromon der Westlichen Kirschfruchtfliege, Rh. indifferens, ist eine extrem stabile Verbindung sowohl in saurem als basischem Medium. Die Extraktions-Experimente zeigten, das die Pheromonverbindung mit Hilfe von organischen Losungen wie Chloroform, Hexan, Athylazetat, Ather u. a. - im sauren oder basischen Bereich - unextrahierbar war und das ihre Aktivitat in wasriger Phase erhalten blieb. Dialyse-Experimente ergaben, das das Molekulargewicht weniger als 12 000 betragt. Es wird ein allgemeines Schema zur partiellen Reinigung und Akkumulation des Pheromons beschrieben.
Results-Model Reform Leadership: Questions of Credible Commitment

Few problems common in management reform are more prominent or more vaguely conceived than is leadership. Advocates and observers broadly agree that leadership is a critical factor where reform takes hold. Yet, in scholarship assessing the results-model management reforms proliferating in public organizations during the last decade and a half, leadership remains an elusive concept, rarely subject to empirical scrutiny. Applying the logic of credible commitment drawn from the study of institutional political economy, this article models leadership commitment as a factor shaping organizational responses to reform. Quantitative analysis of data drawn from two Government Accountability Office surveys of agency managers administered during the implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act provides evidence regarding the impact of leadership commitment on perceived credibility results-based reform and reported use of performance measures. The article concludes with a brief discussion of reputation-based credibility and the skepticism many government managers hold toward reform.
George Herbert Mead and Karl Marx: Exploring Consciousness and Community*

Current discussions within symbolic interaction point to a concern with (a) returning to Mead’s original insights, (b) extending Meadian thought beyond the micro realm, and (c) linking Mead’s ideas to constructive social action. These concerns complement an effort within contemporary Marxist literature to provide a systematic social psychology for understanding new forms of domination in capitalist society. In exploring the philosophical foundations of Mead and Marx, the authors identify fundamental similarities in their approaches to the relation between consciousness and community. The authors criticize the current attempts to synthesize Marx and Freud and call for a more thoroughly sociological approach. A Meadian reading of Marx, unlike the Marx-Freud synthesis, is consistent with sociological assumptions and points to the practical possibility of transformative social change through the interpersonal act. In recent decades, the insights of Marx into the conditions of social life within industrial capitalism have been increasingly accepted among sociologists. This acceptance has been accompanied, however, by the realization that the Marxist model in its original form is not well-suited to explaining changing patterns of capitalist domination in the 20th century (Piccone, 1971, 1976). One particularly persistent problem for Marxist scholars has been the “failure” of the working class to develop a revolutionary consciousness. All too often, Marx has been interpreted as naively proposing a mechanical relationship between consciousness and social structure, resulting in a view that economic organization determines social consciousness (Birnbaum, 1953). This view arises, in part, because Marx’s own early interest in the problem of the individual was overshadowed by a concern with the structural dimension of capitalist society. In recognizing this problem, neo-Marxists within the Frankfurt tradition (Marcuse, 1962, 1964; Jacoby, 1975) have attempted to develop a systematic social psychology through a synthesis of Freudian and Marxist models. It is our contention that, upon close examination, such a synthesis is unsatisfactory on epistemological, theoretical, and practical grounds. Nonetheless, the problem for
Education in the Crosscutting Sciences of Aerospace and Computing

to compromise most content currently in place, opinions differ on which computing concepts students need to know. Theaimofthis paperisto highlighttheimportanceofcomputingfor aerospace andencouragecriticalthoughtabout options for its inclusion into the required undergraduate curriculum. To do this, computer science is defined and common misconceptions are discussed. A review of computing content in aerospace curricula is presented. A pedagogical strategy that capitalizs on analogs between discrete and continuous-valued physical processes is proposed, including examples of how computational thinking can be meaningfully infused without loss of content in traditional aerospace courses. The paper concludes with related efforts to introduce computational thinking in kindergarten through 12th grades and higher education along with a discussion of insights computer science offers aerospace by revisiting questions from the introduction.
Ospemifene for the treatment of postmenopausal vulvar and vaginal atrophy: recommendations for clinical use.

Introduction: Vulvar vaginal atrophy (VVA), a component of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, is a chronic, progressive medical condition that results from estrogen deficiency at menopause. Ospemifene is a nonhormonal, estrogen receptor agonist/antagonist (ERAA) FDA-approved for the treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia, a symptom of VVA, due to menopause.Areas covered: PubMed was searched from inception to March 2015 with keywords ospemifene and vulvar vaginal atrophy; no other similar clinical reviews were found. This is a comprehensive review describing the clinical safety and efficacy of ospemifene for the treatment of dyspareunia and VVA. Preclinical and clinical data suggesting further potential use or benefits of ospemifene for women’s health will also be reviewed.Expert opinion: Ospemifene is an approved oral option for postmenopausal women seeking treatment for VVA with bothersome dyspareunia, particularly for those who have tried and failed over-the-counter options or do not want vaginal...
Coaches Must Remain Cognizant of Claims

Recently, multiple coaches at major programs have been accused of abuse by players. There are legal and financial risks involved when a coach places himself or herself between abusive behavior and legitimate indoctrination. Institutions must be aware of the risk associated with these allegations, as unfounded allegations may result, for instance, in wrongful termination suits. A balance must be struck since coaches run the risk of legal exposure, reputation damage and termination if the line is crossed.
'The People Will Decide': Chokwe Lumumba, New Black Power, and the Potential for Participatory Democracy in Mississippi

Popularly elected Jackson, MS Mayor Chokwe Lumumba made an untimely demise on February 25 2014. Born and raised in Detroit, Michigan, Lumumba first arrived in Mississippi in 1971, as a leader in the Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika (PGRNA). The PGRNA plans for organizing a plebiscite and the establishment of an independent, Black socialist republic was disrupted by state repression, which Lumumba resided in the state in 1973 to campaign against. Lumumba returned to Jackson in 1988 as the Chairman of the New Afrikan People’s Organization (NAPO). While NAPO the same political objectives of national independence and socialism as the PGRNA, its strategy was different. Lumumba successfully ran for City Council in 2009. His campaign laid the basis for his election to Mayor of Jackson in 2013. NAPO’s political action wing and mass association, the Malcolm X Grassroots Movement designed his political campaign as part of a strategy to build participatory democracy in the Black majority counties of western and central Mississippi called the Jackson-Kush Plan. I argue Lumumba’s campaigns in 2009 and 2013 are significant contributions to electoral Black Politics since the Black Power movement. I will detail Lumumba’s political experience in Mississippi and distinguish the strategy of the PGRNA and NAPO/MXGM in winning popular support in Mississippi resulting in Lumumba’s elections to City Council and Mayor. Finally, I will discuss the potential of the People’s Assembly in Jackson as a vehicle for Black political power and participatory democracy.
Ameroculodes miltoni , a new species of estuarine amphipod (Crustacea: Malacostraca: Peracarida: Oedicerotidae) from the southeastern United States

The genus Ameroculodes Bousfield and Chevrier, 1966 is emended to accommodate a new species of oedicerotid amphipod, Ameroculodes miltoni, common to estuarine habitats of the southeastern United States. In this region the new species has been confused with Ameroculodes (=Monocu- lodes) edwardsi (Holmes, 1905) and Deflexilodes (= Monoculodes) intermedius (Shoemaker, 1930), both of which are distinctly larger and endemic to the cold temperate waters of the Northwest Atlantic. Ameroculodes miltoni can be distinguished from A. edwardsi by (1) having the postero-ventral margins of epimeral plates 1-3 rounded, (2) a short, blunt rostrum, (3) uropod 2 with relatively few dorsal spines on the peduncle, (4) and a subovate telson. Deflexilodes intermedius, like A. miltoni, has rounded epimeral plates, but is readily distinguished by the well-developed, elongate dactyls on its 3 rd and 4 th pereopods. Ameroculodes miltoni occurs over a wide range of salinities (<1°/ °° to 35°/ °° ) and is most common in medium to fine sand or sand-silt substrata. It appears to be an important biotic component of northern Gulf of Mexico estuaries.
THU0135 Evaluation of Drug-Drug Interactions of VX-509 (DECERNOTINIB), an Oral Selective Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitor, in Healthy Human Volunteers

Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often receive multiple medications to manage the signs and symptom of comorbidities. It is therefore important to understand the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDI). VX-509 is an oral selective JAK3 inhibitor being evaluated for the treatment of RA. In vitro studies suggested that VX-509 was a potential inhibitor of transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and that VX-509 had an inactive metabolite that inhibited CYP3A4, a major drug-metabolizing enzyme. Midazolam, a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate, and digoxin, a substrate of P-gp, are commonly used as probes to study DDI potential of CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibitors, respectively. Objectives To assess the drug-drug interactions between VX-509 and midazolam, digoxin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, prednisone and methyl-prednisolone. Methods Ninety-eight healthy male and female volunteers were enrolled into 7 groups (N=14 per group). A single oral dose of midazolam (2 mg), digoxin (0.5 mg), atorvastatin (10 mg), rosuvastatin (20 mg), pravastatin (40 mg), prednisone (10 mg), and methyl-prednisolone (8 mg) was given alone and together with VX-509 200 mg once daily (QD) at steady state. Full pharmacokinetic profiles of these drugs were obtained with and without co-administration of VX-509. Geometric least-squares mean (GLSM) ratios (and associated 90% confidence intervals) of AUC and C max of the substrates with/without co-administration of VX-509 were calculated to evaluate the level of interaction. Results VX-509 increased the AUC for midazolam, atorvastatin, and methyl-prednisolone by 12.0-, 2.7-, and 4.3-fold, respectively. VX-509 did not affect the exposure of digoxin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and prednisone to a clinically meaningful degree (Table). The drug was generally well tolerated. Conclusions The increase in exposure of midazolam when given with VX-509 suggests that VX-5099s major metabolite is a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor in humans. Dose modifications of certain medicines commonly used in patients with RA (e.g. atorvastatin and methyl-prednisolone) or restrictions of certain medicines (e.g. p.o. midazolam) may therefore be required with VX-509. No dose adjustment would be needed for prednisone, or for pravastatin and rosuvastatin. The absence of an effect on digoxin exposure by VX-509 indicates that no dose adjustments are needed for P-gp substrates. Disclosure of Interest : J. Huang Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, A. Chavan Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, L. Viswanathan Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, X. Luo Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, V. Garg Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Y. Zhang Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Y. Xi Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, N. Kinnman Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, L. Mahnke Employee of: Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1184
Inhibitory effect of a callophycin A derivative on iNOS expression via inhibition of Akt in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

In previous studies, (R)-2-isobutyl 3-methyl 3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-2,3(9H)-dicarboxylate (1), a callophycin A derivative, was found to strongly inhibit nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, while (R)- or (S)-callophycin A showed only weak inhibition. We currently report additional studies to define the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory action of 1. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was reduced at both protein and mRNA levels. Major upstream signaling molecules and transcription factors regulating iNOS expression were examined, but it was found that 1 did not affect the phosphorylated and total protein levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), nor did it mediate the degradation of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α-isoform (IκBα). However, starting at early time points, 1 co...
Olefinic Aldehydes as Constituents of Sex Attractants for Noctuid Moths

Alkenals have recently become known as components of the sex pheromones of a few lepidopterous specis. A field survey of aldehydes and aldehyde-acetate mixtures as candidate lures for moths revealed general attractant activity in straight olefinic aldehydes of carbon number 12, 14 and 16. The numerous species captured by baited traps indicated that aldehydes may be as important in sex attractants as the better known acetates and alcohols. The main species captured were Acronicta sperata Grote, Ceramica picta (Harris), Agrotis volubilis Harvey, Cry modes devastator (Brace), Eurois astricta Morrison, Euxoa acornis Smith, Euxoa obeliscoides Guenee Faronta diffusa (Walker), Feltia ducens (Walker), Fishia derelicta Hampson, Lithomoia solidaginis Hubner, Nephelodes emmedonia (Cramer), Polia tacoma Strecker and Schinia bina Guenee.
Computational Studies of the Effect of Shock Waves on the Binding of Model Complexes.

We have simulated effects of a shock wave in water that would result from the collapse of a cavitation bubble on binding in model complexes. We have considered a benzene dimer, a pair of uracil molecules, a complex of fragments of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and caspase-9, and a fragment of c-Myc oncoprotein in binding with its dimerization partner Max. The effect of the shock waves was simulated by adding a momentum to a slab of solvent water molecules and observing the system as the slab moved and caused changes. In the cases of the small molecular pairs, the passage of the shock waves lead to dissociation of the complexes. The behavior of the protein systems was more complex, yet significant disruption of the binding and geometry was also observed. In all the cases, the effects did not occur during the immediate impact of the high-momentum solvent molecules, but rather during the expansion of the compressed system that followed the passage of the waves. The rationale of the studies was in attem...
Sowing Discontent: The 1921 Alien Land Act in New Mexico

In 1921 New Mexicans approved a constitutional amendment that prohibited “aliens ineligible for citizenship” from owning land in the state. Reflecting the post-World War I nationalistic fervor and its racialization of “Americanism,” the amendment targeted the state’s tiny Japanese population, partly under pressure from institutions like the Farm Bureau, the American Legion, and even the Ku Klux Klan. While some Hispanos (or Nuevomexicanos) benefited by claiming an exclusionary “Spanish American” identity, others had worked alongside and intermarried with Japanese immigrants. Yet, although some predominantly Nuevomexicano counties rejected the amendment, many Nuevomexicanos joined with their Anglo neighbors to enact this discriminatory policy, ostensibly on the grounds of protecting the state from a huge influx of foreign farmers who would displace the state’s real citizens. The discriminatory language remained in the constitution until 2006.
A Constructionist Toolkit for Learning Elementary Web Development at Scale

We describe the design rationale and principles of a web authoring tool for beginner web developers called Snowball. We explain how this constructionist toolkit exposes content creators to computational features of web pages, enabling them to create meaningful artifacts while they move from content creation to basic coding. Finally, we discuss how we are instrumenting learning analytics in Snowball.
Nonessential nucleoporins Nup2, Nup60 and Nup84 are required for normal meiosis in budding yeast

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) selectively transports cargo between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The inner nuclear membrane (INM) face of the NPC also serves as a hub where gene silencing and DNA repair are spatially coordinated. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, partitioning of active and silenced chromatin at subtelomeric regions depends on the boundary activity of nonessential nucleoporin proteins Nup2 and Nup60, along with Htz1, the histone variant H2A.Z. The INM is also important for the chromosome events of meiosis since Ndj1-mediated telomere attachment and clustering at the INM is required for efficient homolog pairing, recombination, and segregation. Here we tested possible meiotic roles for Nup2, Nup60, Htz1, and other nonessential nucleoporins by analyzing the effects of deletion mutations on sporulation, spore viability and possible phenotypic epistasis with ndj1Δ. Deleting NUP2, NUP60, and HTZ1 reduced spore viability compared to wild-type (WT). A detailed analysis of spore lethality indicated that homolog nondisjunction in these mutants was elevated compared to WT, yet unlike ndj1Δ, this was not the predominant cause of spore death. Deleting NUP84 reduced meiosis I nuclear divisions, while deleting NUP53, NUP100, and NUP157 had no effect on sporulation, spore viability, or the kinetics of meiosis I progression. Surprisingly, nup2Δ ndj1Δ uniquely failed to undergo meiosis I nuclear divisions, suggesting Nup2 and Ndj1 function in partially redundant pathways or create a poisonous intermediate. The meiosis I division was also delayed by 2 hours in nup2Δ compared to WT pointing to a specialized role for Nup2 in the meiotic program.
Numerical Identity and the Constitution of Transcendence in Transcendental Phenomenology

I investigate the phenomenological significance of Husserl’s appeal to the “numerical identity” of irreality as it appears in recollected manifolds of lived-experience in his mature account of the transcendental constitution of transcendence and find it wanting. I show that what is at stake for Husserl in this appeal is the descriptive mark that exhibits the distinction between a unit of meaning as it is constituted in psychologically determined lived-experience and as it is constituted in lived-experience that is determined transcendentally. In other words, I show that numerical identity functions for Husserl as the criterion that signals transcendental psychologism has been overcome. I then present the argument that it has not been overcome in Husserl’s investigations, because the collective unity characteristic of numerical unity is presupposed by those investigations rather than made evidentially manifest and articulated.
Nineteenth-Century Industrial Urbanisation

A new kind of city emerged during the nineteenth century, built on productive power, massed population and industrial technology. By the end of the century, this new city had been credited with the creation of a system of social life founded on entirely new principles. These principles, codified by a succession of social philosophers, were accepted as axiomatic by both academics and the public at large for the first half of the twentieth century. As new problems in the new cities produced a variety of social movements, the principles became the ‘conventional wisdom’ informing the public intervention that sought to correct the problems. In that intervention are to be found the roots of modern urban planning, which has sought to regulate or direct urbanisation in the twentieth century so as to change its human consequences. Thus, as a basis for understanding twentieth-century urbanisation, we must begin with the nineteenth-century experience. That is the purpose of this chapter.
Physiology and Mathematical Modeling of the Auditory System

1. Introduction 1.1. Auditory System at a Glance 1.2. Sound Characteristics 2. Peripheral Auditory System 2.1. Outer Ear 2.2. Middle Ear 2.3. Inner Ear. Cochlea. Hair Cells. 2.4. Mathematical Modeling of the Peripheral Auditory System 3. Auditory Nerve (AN) 3.1. AN Structure 3.2. Response Properties 3.3. How Is AN Activity Used by Brain? 3.4. Modeling of the Auditory Nerve 4. Cochlear Nuclei 4.1. Basic Features of the CN Structure 4.2. Innervation by the Auditory Nerve Fibers 4.3. Main CN Output Targets 4.4. Classifications of Cells in the CN 4.5. Properties of Main Cell Types 4.6. Modeling of the Cochlear Nuclei 5. Superior Olive. Sound Localization, Jeffress Model 5.1. Medial Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body (MNTB) 5.2. Lateral Superior Olivary Nucleus (LSO) 5.3. Medial Superior Olivary Nucleus (MSO) 5.4. Sound Localization. Coincidence Detector Model 6. Midbrain 6.1. Cellular Organization and Physiology of Mammalian IC 6.2. Modeling of the IPD Sensitivity in the Inferior Colliculus 7. Thalamus and Cortex References
Exploration of the Use of Auditory Cues in Code Comprehension and Navigation for Individuals with Visual Impairments in a Visual Programming Environment

Visual programming languages are commonplace in engaging novice programmers. Accessibility challenges persist in these systems. This study investigates whether auditory cues improves a visually impaired programmer's ability to navigate and understand source code in a block-based language. The type of auditory cue that best serves this purpose is also investigated. The participants' comprehension of source code using three trials with two tests each is presented, with each trial corresponding to a different form of audio cue. Participants are graded on how accurate their written source code is in comparison to the actual source code.
The American Society of Retina Specialists 2016 Founders Award Lecture: Retinal Tumors: Understanding Clinical Features, OCT Morphology, and Therapy

Purpose:To review the current state of the art of retinal tumors with respect to clinical features, imaging, and management.Methods:Review of published literature and personal experience from an oc...
Modern Corporate Governance and the Erosion of the Business Judgment Rule in Delaware Corporate Law

This essay addresses the relationship between the forces shaping modern corporate governance and wisdom of a liability rule to enforce the fiduciary duty of care against corporate directors.
A phase 1A/1B, two-stage study of a PSA/IL-2/GM-CSF vaccine for the treatment of PSA-recurrent prostate cancer in hormone-naive and hormone-independent patients.

TPS3131 Background: Prostate cancer vaccines demonstrate clinical benefit in hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer patients. The broader application to earlier disease stages remains both c...
Nematodes of Five Species of Bufonids (Anura: Bufonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract Five species of toads (Bufonidae) (n = 22) from Peninsular Malaysia were examined for helminths: Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Ingerophrynus parvus, Leptophryne borbonica, Phrynoidis asper, and Rentapia hosii. The helminth community contained 10 species of Nematoda, consisting of mature individuals of Abbreviata bufonis, Aplectana macintoshii, Cosmocerca ornata, Falcaustra pahangi, Meteterakis singaporensis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Oswaldocruzia hoepplii, Seuratascaris numidica, and larvae assigned to Ascarididae and Physalopteridae. Nematoda reported in this study are mainly Old World in distribution. Bufonid species from Peninsular Malaysia are infected by generalist nematodes that also infect other anurans. Seven new host records are reported.
Plasmonic thermal transport in graphene nanodisk waveguides

The thermal radiation properties of guided surface plasmons in one-dimensional co-planar graphene nanodisk arrays are predicted using a semi-analytical electrostatic model. The plasmonic band structure contains nonlocalized dispersion bands that are well-described by the electrostatic model for disk diameters smaller than 200 nm. A nondimensional model is proposed that enables systematic analysis of the waveguiding properties based on scaling laws. The thermal transport is dominated by the lowest-order radial modes and can be controlled by tuning the disk size, the substrate optical properties, and graphene's doping concentration and electron mobility. The maximum predicted thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are 4.$5{\mathrm{W}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and $1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$/s, orders of magnitude larger than predictions of thermal transport by guided surface plasmon- or phonon-polaritons in other materials. The results suggest that graphene surface plasmons, which can be thermally-activated at room temperature, are a suitable platform for tunable and fast thermal transport, with potential application as photon-based thermotronic interconnects.
Do Words Matter? Stigmatizing Language and the Transmission of Bias in the Medical Record.

Clinician bias contributes to healthcare disparities, and the language used to describe a patient may reflect that bias. Although medical records are an integral method of communicating about patients, no studies have evaluated patient records as a means of transmitting bias from one clinician to another. To assess whether stigmatizing language written in a patient medical record is associated with a subsequent physician-in-training’s attitudes towards the patient and clinical decision-making. Randomized vignette study of two chart notes employing stigmatizing versus neutral language to describe the same hypothetical patient, a 28-year-old man with sickle cell disease. A total of 413 physicians-in-training: medical students and residents in internal and emergency medicine programs at an urban academic medical center (54% response rate). Attitudes towards the hypothetical patient using the previously validated Positive Attitudes towards Sickle Cell Patients Scale (range 7–35) and pain management decisions (residents only) using two multiple-choice questions (composite range 2–7 representing intensity of pain treatment). Exposure to the stigmatizing language note was associated with more negative attitudes towards the patient (20.6 stigmatizing vs. 25.6 neutral, p < 0.001). Furthermore, reading the stigmatizing language note was associated with less aggressive management of the patient’s pain (5.56 stigmatizing vs. 6.22 neutral, p = 0.003). Stigmatizing language used in medical records to describe patients can influence subsequent physicians-in-training in terms of their attitudes towards the patient and their medication prescribing behavior. This is an important and overlooked pathway by which bias can be propagated from one clinician to another. Attention to the language used in medical records may help to promote patient-centered care and to reduce healthcare disparities for stigmatized populations.