cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consumer Preference for Selected Shell Egg Packaging Concepts

Abstract INTRODUCTION DURING the past several years, the poultry industry has become aware of the fact that egg packages not only serve as a container for a product but also afford an excellent egg merchandising opportunity. Voss and Smallwood (1966) noted that every commodity area faces a unique problem in achieving the goals of consumer satisfaction. In the shell egg industry this problem is in part reflected by the variations in color, imprints, design and construction of the carton in which shell eggs are displayed. In a study of egg packages, Hoyt et al. (1957) reported that color, visibility and size of unit were important factors in determining consumer’s preference. Darrah and Moore (1956) reported that nearly one-half of all customers purchased eggs in a transparent plastic carton when given a choice. Other studies have shown that homemakers prefer transparent cartons (Hoyt et al., 1957) or cartons with windows (Darrah and…
P3.301 Male Clients of Sex Workers in the United States: Correlates with STI/HIV Risk Behaviors and Urbanization Level

Background Men who have purchased sex from sex workers (“clients”) have been associated with an increased risk of acquiring STIs including HIV and in influencing the spread of infection in the population. To date, only a few reports on behavioural risk correlates and infection history of male clients have been documented in the United States, mainly drawn from populations in central cities and at high-risk for HIV. This study examines STIs/HIV behavioural risks and screening history correlates of male clients in the general population and whether the prevalence of male clients differs by urbanisation level. Methods Data from the 1999–2000 National STD and Behavioral Measurement Study, a cross-sectional telephone-based probability sample of the non-institutionalised population aged 18 to 45 years old, was linked to the National Center Health Statistics Urban Rural Classification Scheme for Counties. The analysis is restricted to men aged 26 to 45 years old (N = 469). F-statistic that accounted for survey design effects and Poisson regression for weighted data were used. Results The overall prevalence of clients was 14.5 (95% CI 11.5–18.1) and did not statistically differ between men residing in central cities of large metropolitan areas (MA) and men residing in large metropolitan suburbs, MAs of less than one million people, or non-metropolitan subdivisions (P = 0.5655). Compared to non-clients, clients had a significantly higher prevalence of an array of other high-risk behaviours in their lifetime and more recently including history of same-sex partners (Adjusted prevalence ratio (Adj.PR) = 2.5, 95% CI, 1.5–4.1), sold sex (Adj.PR = 3.6, 95% CI, 2.2–6.1), multiple partners in the past year (Adj.PR = 2.6, 95% CI, 1.6–4.0), as well as a history of STIs (Adj.PR = 2.5 95% CI 1.5–4.4). Conclusion Male clients are ubiquitous. The risk-taking behaviour of clients in the general population is important to develop more comprehensive prevention measures for STIs/HIV.
A FRAMEWORK FOR EVALUATING RISK IN INNOVATIVE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

This paper presents a novel framework for evaluating risk in innovative product design and development, and a product development methodology for risk identification and management. We define “risk” as the exposure to the chance of an unsuccessful product development outcome due to ambiguity and uncertainty. We examine uncertainties in the company’s ability to identify, design, develop, manufacture, and market products that customers desire resulting in an acceptable return for the company. Based on a basic model of innovative product development, our framework identifies three dimensions of risk in product development: Envisioning Risk, Design Risk, and Execution Risk. The risk framework points out the criticality of the engineering design activity and of the interdependencies between all facets of the organization in executing innovative product development. This paper also presents a qualitative methodology, based on the risk framework, that may be used by development teams for identification of risk and eliciting risk management solutions.
Managing hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hypertension is a common problem in the diabetic population with estimates suggesting a prevalence exceeding 60%. Comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus are associated with high rates of macrovascular and microvascular complications. These two pathologies share overlapping risk factors, importantly central obesity. Treatment of hypertension is unequivocally beneficial and improves all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, major cardiovascular events, and microvascular outcomes including nephropathy and retinopathy. Although controversial, current guidelines recommend a target blood pressure in the diabetic population of
Discovery and development of a new class of drugs: GH antagonists.

In attempting to understand the structure of the GH molecule and its function(s), we found that 1 amino acid, glycine, in the third alpha-helix of GH (Gly119 of bovine GH and Gly120 of human GH) was important for biologic activity. Substitution of this glycine residue with a variety of amino acids resulted in GH analogs that lacked growth-promoting activity. More important, these analogs inhibited the actions of GH in vitro and in vivo and were classic antagonists. In this regard, the in vivo expression of GH-antagonist genes in transgenic mice results in dwarf animals that are fertile and have no abnormal phenotypes. The mechanism by which the GH antagonists appear to operate is to inhibit proper or functional GH-receptor dimerization. GH antagonists may have clinical applications when endogenous GH levels are elevated (e.g. acromegaly), or when GH action has been implicated in disease states (e.g., cancer- or diabetes-induced end-organ damage). A GH-receptor antagonist, pegvisomant, has been developed for these clinical situations.
Decoupling the Attitudes

This chapter shows how to decouple the attitudes, an activity whose procedure or even purpose may not be at all clear to most readers. It is therefore essential to explain here not only what is meant by “coupling” but also why undoing it is well worth the effort.
Programming in Picat

Picat (picat-lang.org) is a logic-based multi-paradigm programming language that integrates logic programming, functional programming, constraint programming, and scripting. Picat takes many features from other languages, including logic variables, unification, backtracking, pattern-matching rules, functions, list/array comprehensions, loops, assignments, tabling for dynamic programming and planning, and constraint solving with CP (constraint programming), SAT (satisfiability), and MIP (mixed integer programming). These features make Picat more convenient than Prolog for scripting and modeling, and more suitable than functional languages (such as Haskell and F#) and scripting languages (such as Python and Ruby) for symbolic computations. This article provides a quick introduction to Picat using examples from Google Code Jam (GCJ).
Pleasure as an Overlooked Target of Substance Use Disorder Research and Treatment

Background People commonly use psychoactive substances to increase physical and psychological pleasure. Neuroadaptations in the brain's reward system coupled with changes in social functioning and networking resulting from chronic substance use impede the ability to derive pleasure from non-substance related activities. Objective We elucidate and validate the hypothesis that treatments for substance use disorders would potentially have a stronger and broader impact by helping recipients to experience pleasure as part of an expansive focus of increasing adaptive functioning, well-being, and personal fulfillment and actualization. Method We have organized and integrated relatively sparse and disparate theory and research to describe a multi-stage model linking pleasure and substance use. We review research on pleasure in the context of treatment for substance use, and describe future research directions. Results Our model integrates several independent research programs with prominent theories and models of substance dependence that together provide evidence that pleasure, or lack thereof, is a risk or protective factor for initiating, escalating and maintaining substance use and substance use disorders. Pleasure is an overlooked but potentially high-yield target of existing evidence-based treatments. Conclusion Research is needed to investigate the relation between pleasure and substance use, and existing and newly developed treatments that have the potential to increase pleasure. By increasing pleasure such treatments have the potential to help recipients to live fuller and richer lives. Integration of pleasure into existing treatments has compelling transdiagnostic implications for individuals at any point along a substance use severity continuum.
Abstract 33: Participation of Prostaglandin E2 and EP4 Receptors in Connecting Tubule Glomerular Feedback (CTGF).

The afferent arteriole (Af-Art) accounts for most of renal vasculature resistance, thus controlling glomerular filtration rate. The connecting tubule (CNT) is in close contact with the Af-Art. Connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CTGF) is a mechanism in which Na reabsorption in the CNT causes Af-Art dilation. We have shown that CTGF is mediated by eicosanoids, including prostaglandins and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), however their exact source and nature remain unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that during CTGF the CNT releases prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which binds EP4 receptors and dilates the Af-Art. Rabbit Af-Arts with the adherent CNT intact were microdissected and perfused. The Af-Arts were preconstricted with norepinephrine. CTGF was elicited by increasing luminal NaCl in the CNT from 10 to 80 mM. To identify the source of the vasodilator prostaglandins we first disrupted the vascular endothelium by adding anti-Factor-VIII antibody to the Af-Art lumen. This did not affect CTGF (control: 7.9±0.9, endothelium disrupted: 8.6±0.6 μm, n=7). We then added arachidonic acid (AA) to the lumen of the CNT while maintaining zero NaCl in the perfusate, and found that AA caused dose-dependent dilation of the attached Af-Art (from 7.9±2.2 to 15.5±1.3 μm, P <0.01, n=4). This cannot be explained by AA diffusing to the Af-Art because AA is a vasoconstrictor for the Af-Art. Taken together, these data indicate that CTGF-induced vasorelaxation is endothelium-independent, and that prostaglandins originate from the CNT. To study which specific prostaglandin and receptor mediate CTGF, we added the EP4 receptor blocker L161982 (10 μM) to the bath in the presence of the EET synthesis inhibitor MS-PPOH. EP4 receptor blockade abolished CTGF (control: 8.5±0.9, MS-PPOH+L161982: 0.8±0.4μm, P <0.001, n=6). To confirm these results we used a different, specific EP4 blocker, ONO-AE-208 (100 nM), which also abolished CTGF (control: 9.4±0.5, MS-PPOH+ONO-AE-208: -0.6±0.2 μm, P <0.001, n=6). We conclude that increasing luminal Na stimulates release of prostaglandin E2 from the CNT, which acts on EP4 on the Af-Art inducing endothelium-independent dilation during CTGF. Our studies provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which CTGF controls Af-Art resistance.
A convex reformulation of the controller synthesis problem for MIMO single-delay systems with implementation in SOS

In this paper, we propose a new dual class of stability condition for MIMO single-delay systems which is based on the implicit existence of a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional but does not explicitly construct such a functional. This new type of stability condition allows the controller synthesis problem to be formulated as a convex optimization problem with little or no conservatism using a variable transformation. Furthermore, we show how to invert this variable transformation in order to obtain the stabilizing controller. The stability and controller synthesis conditions are then enforced using the SOS framework exploiting recent advances in this field. Numerical testing verifies there is little to no conservatism in either the “dual” stability test or the controller synthesis condition.
Facilitated difficult dialogues on racism: a goal-based approach

ABSTRACTRacist incidents are moments that highlight the systemic racism that still exists within higher education. In 2016, the College of Liberal Arts at a historically White, Southern institution in the U.S. responded to a racist incident on campus by setting up a series of ‘Difficult Dialogue on Campus Race Relations’ sessions that gave participants the opportunity to reflect and respond to the incident. Drawing on literature about racial dialogues and social identity theory, the sessions were designed to promote active listening, build empathy, and provide practical tools to combat everyday racial microaggressions. We describe how communication design elements (such as small group settings, localized case studies, role-play, and ground rules) were tailored to fit the needs of various group settings and analyze participants’ feedback about the perceived impact of these dialogues. We present a goal-based dialogue framework as a model to facilitate difficult dialogues in a variety of applied communicatio...
Optimizing energy consumption in cyber physical systems using multiple operating modes

Energy consumption has been considered as an important optimization metric in developing Cyber Physical Systems (CPS). In addition to considering the minimal power consumption in the design cycle, the effective management of power consumption during operation of the system is also a key for reducing the overall energy budget. In this paper, we target at improving energy consumption of CPS using multiple operating modes. Our target CPS architecture consists of a set of sensor and actuator modules, a communication network, and a computation and control unit. The components in the system have multiple operating modes such as active mode, idle mode, and some low power operating modes. If a component has not been used for a certain time period, the component is placed into lower operating modes gradually. Once a sensor detects an activity, all the components go to an active operating mode and the system responds to the environmental change. In order to show the viability of the proposed technique, we conduct some experiments in various environmental setups. The experimental evaluation shows around 33% energy gain compared to the systems that does not have any low power operating modes.
A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Human Salmonellosis from Consumption of Pistachios in the United States.

ABSTRACT We developed a quantitative risk assessment model to assess the risk of human nontyphoidal salmonellosis from consumption of pistachios in the United States and to evaluate the impact of Salmonella treatments (1- to 5-log reductions). The exposure model estimating prevalence and contamination levels of Salmonella at consumption included steps in pistachio processing such as transport from grower to huller, removal of the hull through wet abrasion, separation of pistachio floaters (immature, smaller nuts) and sinkers (mature, larger nuts) in a flotation tank, drying, storage, and partitioning. The risks of illness per serving and per year were evaluated by including a Salmonella dose-response model and U.S. consumption data. The spread of Salmonella through float tank water, delay in drying resulting in growth, increased Salmonella levels through pest infestation during storage (pre- and posttreatment), and a simulation of the 2016 U.S. salmonellosis outbreak linked to consumption of pistachios we...
Chemical Ecology of Kin Recognition in Anuran Amphibians

The study of social behavior involves the examination of how individuals interact in groups, the consequences of these interactions on fitness, and the mechanisms mediating these interactions. As data linking social structure with ecological and evolutionary factors now accumulate, studies on the mechanisms underlying complex social behaviors are gaining new impetus. One of the basic assumptions of sociobiological theory is that organisms can discriminate behaviorally between their genetic relatives and non-relatives. As proposed by Hamilton (1964), cooperative behaviors that are of negligible or even negative personal benefit can be selected if they aid kin. Moreover, some advantage may accrue to individuals that avoid breeding with close kin, or those that “optimally outbreed” (Bateson, 1983; Shields, 1983). When populations are highly structured, kin discriminations can be accomplished effectively by simple rules: familiar individuals or those encountered in predictable social circumstances can be treated as kin with some reliability. Where populations are more fluid, however, specialized kin recognition mechanisms may be favored by natural selection.
Pattern Formation in Ecological Communities

The primary concern of this volume is the study of spatial pattern in plankton communities, but the basic issues are fundamental ones in all ecosystems (Levin, 1976b). The plankton has emerged as perhaps the prototypical system for the discussion of spatial pattern principally because of the ubiquitous nature of patchiness, independent of the scale of observation (Platt and Denman, 1975). Population densities are sufficiently high that pattern is easily detected, and planktonic systems have been intensively studied from a variety of aspects.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in AML – A Target for Therapy

Epigenetics refers to a stable, mitotically perpetuated regulatory mechanism of gene expression without an alteration of the coding sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation and histone tail modifications. Epigenetic regulation is part of physiologic development and becomes abnormal in neoplasia, where silencing of critical genes by DNA methylation or histone deacetylation can contribute to leukemogenesis as an alternative to deletion or loss-of-function mutation. In acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), aberrant DNA methylation can be observed in multiple functionally relevant genes such as p15, p73, E-cadherin, ID4, RARβ2. Abnormal activities of histone tail-modifying enzymes have also been seen in AML, frequently as a direct result of chromosomal translocations. It is now clear that these epigenetic changes play a significant role in development and progression of AML, and thus constitute important targets of therapy. The aim of targeting epigenetic effector protein or “epigenetic therapy” is to reverse epigenetic silencing and reactivate various genes to induce a therapeutic effect such as differentiation, growth arrest, or apoptosis. Recent clinical studies have shown the relative safety and efficacy of such epigenetic therapies.
HIV-associated diarrhoea and wasting: Report of a meeting at the University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Abstract Chronic diarrhoea and weight loss commonly complicate the course of HIV infection and AIDS. The broad range of potential aetiological agents in HIV-infected patients with diarrhoea, the cost of the various tests required to detect these agents, and the variable response to treatment in these patients make the approach to HIV-associated diarrhoea complex and confusing. Weight loss and cachexia may occur with diarrhoea or in association with other HIV-associated infections and disorders. Both acute and chronic diarrhoea are seen commonly in HIV-infected persons living in Europe and the United States. Wasting commonly occurs with or without diarrhoea in advanced HIV disease. A syndrome of chronic diarrhoea (more than 30 days) and important weight loss (reduction of 10% or more of normal weight) is one of the major manifestations of AIDS in Africa; the syndrome is referred to as slim disease. The patient presented here illustrates how difficult it is to establish the cause of diarrhoea in an HIV-infected patient and to reach a satisfactory management plan.
Differences in Treatment Patterns and Outcomes Between Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Whites Treated for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Results From the NCDR ACTION Registry–GWTG

To the Editor: Ethnic disparities in contemporary ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management have not been well characterized ([1][1]). The National Cardiovascular Data Registry Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcome Network–Get With The Guidelines Registry (ACTION
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

To determine the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on clinical and patient-reported outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We identified randomized clinical trials from inception through April 2018 from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and hand searches. After screening 338 references, we included five trials with one post-hoc analysis that evaluated MBIs and collectively included 399 participants. Outcome instruments were heterogeneous across studies. Three studies evaluated RA clinical outcomes by a rheumatologist; one study found improvements in disease activity. A limited meta-analysis found no statistically significant difference in the levels of DAS28-CRP in the two studies that evaluated this metric (− 0.44 (− 0.99, 0.12); I2 0%). Four studies evaluated heterogeneous psychological outcomes, and all found improvements including depressive symptoms, psychological distress, and self-efficacy. A meta-analysis of pain Visual Analog Scale (VAS) levels post intervention from three included studies was not significantly different between MBI participants and control group (− 0.58 (− 1.26, 0.10); I2 0%) although other studies not included in meta-analysis found improvement. There are few trials evaluating the effect of MBIs on outcomes in patients with RA. Preliminary findings suggest that MBIs may be a useful strategy to improve psychological distress in those with RA.
Laser-Induced Single-Event Transients in Black Phosphorus MOSFETs

Laser-induced single-event transients (SETs) are observed in black phosphorus (BP) MOSFETs. The SETs are relatively small, which is consistent with expectations for thin-film fully depleted transistors. The position dependence and the bias-dependence of the measured SETs in BP transistors are investigated to study the charge collection mechanisms. The peak drain current is maximized when the pulsed-laser strikes at the center of the channel region. The amplitudes of the SETs are also relatively independent of the overdrive voltage. The drain-to-source SET current increases when $\vert \text {V}_{\mathrm {DS}}\vert $ increases, due to a shunt effect.
Development and evaluation of a clinical reasoning curriculum as part of an Internal Medicine Residency Program.

Background Errors in medicine are common and often tied to diagnosis. Educating physicians about the science of cognitive decision-making, especially during medical school and residency when trainees are still forming clinical habits, may enhance awareness of individual cognitive biases and has the potential to reduce diagnostic errors and improve patient safety. Methods The authors aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a clinical reasoning curriculum for Internal Medicine residents. The authors developed and delivered a clinical reasoning curriculum to 47 PGY2 residents in an Internal Medicine Residency Program at a large urban hospital. The clinical reasoning curriculum consists of six to seven sessions with the specific aims of: (1) educating residents on cognitive steps and reasoning strategies used in clinical reasoning; (2) acknowledging the pitfalls of clinical reasoning and learning how cognitive biases can lead to clinical errors; (3) expanding differential diagnostic ability and developing illness scripts that incorporate discrete clinical prediction rules; and (4) providing opportunities for residents to reflect on their own clinical reasoning (also known as metacognition). Results Forty-seven PGY2 residents participated in the curriculum (2013-2016). Self-assessed comfort in recognizing and applying clinical reasoning skills increased in 15 of 15 domains (p < 0.05 for each). Resident mean scores on the knowledge assessment improved from 58% pre-urriculum to 81% post curriculum (p = 0.002). Conclusions A case vignette-based clinical reasoning curriculum can effectively increase residents' knowledge of clinical reasoning concepts and improve residents' self-assessed comfort in recognizing and applying clinical reasoning skills.
Variation in gravimetric correction factors for nephelometer-derived estimates of personal exposure to PM2.5.

Abstract Many portable monitors for quantifying mass concentrations of particulate matter air pollution rely on aerosol light scattering as the measurement method; however, the relationship between scattered light (what is measured) and aerosol mass concentration (the metric of interest) is a complex function of the refractive index, size distribution, and shape of the particles. In this study, we compared 33-h personal PM2.5 concentrations measured simultaneously using nephelometry (personal DataRAM pDR-1200) and gravimetric filter sampling for working adults (44 participants, 249 samples). Nephelometer- and filter-derived 33-h average PM2.5 concentrations were correlated (Spearman's ρ = 0.77); however, the nephelometer-derived concentration was within 20% of the filter-derived concentration for only 13% of samples. The nephelometer/filter ratio, which is used to correct light-scattering measurements to a gravimetric sample, had a median value of 0.52 and varied by over a factor of three (10th percentile = 0.35, 90th percentile = 1.1). When 33-h samples with >50% of 10-s average nephelometer readings below the nephelometer limit of detection were removed from the dataset during sensitivity analyses, the fraction of nephelometer-derived concentrations that were within 20% of the filter-derived concentration increased to 25%. We also evaluated how much the accuracy of nephelometer-derived concentrations improved after applying: (1) a median correction factor derived from a subset of 44 gravimetric samples, (2) participant-specific correction factors derived from one same from each subject, and (3) correction factors predicted using linear models based on other variables recorded during the study. Each approach independently increased the fraction of nephelometer-derived concentrations that were within 20% of the filter-derived concentration to approximately 45%. These results illustrate the challenges with using light scattering (without correction to a concurrent gravimetric sample) to estimate personal exposure to PM2.5 mass among mobile adults exposed to low daily average concentrations (median = 8 μg m−3 in this study).
Analysis of Human Mitochondrial DNA Content by Southern Blotting and Nonradioactive Probe Hybridization

A single cell can contain several thousand copies of the mitochondrial DNA genome or mtDNA. Tools for assessing mtDNA content are necessary for clinical and toxicological research, as mtDNA depletion is linked to genetic disease and drug toxicity. For instance, mtDNA depletion syndromes are typically fatal childhood disorders that are characterized by severe declines in mtDNA content in affected tissues. Mitochondrial toxicity and mtDNA depletion have also been reported in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with certain nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Further, cell culture studies have demonstrated that exposure to oxidative stress stimulates mtDNA degradation. Here we outline a Southern blot and nonradioactive digoxigenin-labeled probe hybridization method to estimate mtDNA content in human genomic DNA samples. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The pull-out behavior of chemically treated lignocellulosic fibers/polymeric matrix interface (LF/PM): A review

Abstract The increase of global concerns about environment and sustainability issues related to the preservation of nonrenewable natural resources has attracted a remarkable interest of the scientific community hoping to develop new eco-friendly materials and products based on natural resources. Indeed, many achievements in bio-technology in the field of materials science and composites have been reported in the literature in the last two decades. One of most studied natural resources is lignocellulosic fibers (LFs). Indeed, LFs present interesting advantages: they are biodegradable, abundant and have many high technical qualities; their important mechanical properties and their low density make them candidates to be used to replace the synthetic fibers. However, they are known to be less compatible with polymeric matrices (PMs) because of their hydrophilic nature and the presence of non-cellulosic materials on their surface preventing the formation of strong covalent bonds in LF/PM interface. The aim of this paper is to present a general review on the effect of the most studied chemical treatments on lignocellulosic fibers (LFs). The structural aspects and properties of lignocellulosic fibers (LFs), the effect of chemical treatment on the LF/PM interface using the pull-out testing method and the mechanical properties of final LF-PM biocomposites are discussed in this review article.
Financial and Health Insurance Literacy: A Necessary Addition to Health Literacy Programming

AbstractThe enactment of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and expansion of Medicaid means that many more consumers are eligible for health insurance coverage, some for the first time. Health insurance...
Ecological religious education: new possibilities for educational practice

The crises evident in today’s ecological context require the attention and action of Christian communities, including within the work of religious education. This essay describes a set of practices for religious education that integrate ecology as a constituent dimension of Christian formation and discipleship, organized around three key educational domains which holistically attend to students’ heads, hearts and hands. Narratives derived from Christian traditions, as well as scientifically-based stories about the natural world, can serve as vehicles of religious and ecological knowledge that can also inform students’ own lives and stories. Affectivity, or an embodied and “felt” type of knowing, is another important foundation for forming the whole person in relationship with nature. Finally, ethical education, with a particular focus on the virtues, links students’ character development with their actions towards the natural world. Altogether, this paper argues that by incorporating practices from these three areas into religious education, teachers can have an important and effective role in promoting students’ right relationships with the natural world.
Criando uma infraestrutura para o bom conflito

Para muitos de nos, o titulo deste artigo pode parecer confuso. Como pode as palavras “bom” e “conflito” aparecerem juntas no mesmo titulo? Minha experiencia como mediadora e uma ombudsperson me convenceram de que essa justaposicao pode de fato ser justificada. Nao sao somente estas duas palavras tem potencial para serem usadas na mesma sentenca, eu iriei mais longe nesta afirmacao, estas duas palavras devem estar na mesma sentenca. Conflito no local de trabalho ou em qualquer lugar e inevitavel. Nos somos humanos. Nos cometemos erros. Nos aborrecemos os outros. Nos ofendemos os outros. Nos podemos nao ter consciencia de como nosso comportamento impacta os outros. Nos fazemos suposicoes. Muitas vezes nao temos conhecimento dos “pontos sensiveis” de alguem e, as vezes, falta a diplomacia necessaria para lidar adequadamente com uma situacao desafiadora com outras pessoas. Nos temos sentimentos. Nos somos emocionais. Nos somos inseguros sobre certos assuntos. Nos falta muitas vezes confianca para lidar com conflito, e pode especialmente faltar o conhecimentos para resolver conflitos que tragam resultados beneficos. Sim, o conflito tem um potencial de ser disruptivo, mesmo destrutivo. Ele pode facilmente desmotivar, negativamente impactar no ambiente de trabalho, resultar na baixa moral e em um ambiente toxico, o que pode levar a acoes judiciais. Todos esses resultados sao bastante indesejaveis. Neste contexto, esse artigo apresentara recomendacoes sobre como conduzir, bem como aproveitar, os beneficios do conflito usando equipes.
Association Between Dehydration and Falls.

Abstract Objective To determine whether there is an association between dehydration and falls in adults 65 years and older. Patients and Methods We used University of Wisconsin Health electronic health records from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2015 to conduct a retrospective cohort study of Midwestern patients 65 years and older and examined the association between dehydration at baseline (defined as serum urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio > 20, sodium level > 145 mg/dL, urine specific gravity > 1.030, or serum osmolality > 295 mOsm/kg) and falls within 3 years after baseline while accounting for prescriptions of loop diuretic, antidepression, anticholinergic, antipsychotic, and benzodiazepine/hypnotic medications and demographic characteristics, using logistic regression. Results Of 30,634 patients, 37.9% (n=11,622) were dehydrated, 11.4% (n=3483) had a fall during follow-up, and 11.7% (n=3572) died during the follow-up period. We found a positive association of dehydration with falls alone (odds ratio [OR], 1.13; P=.002). For the outcome of falls or death, dehydration was positively associated (OR, 1.13; P=.001), along with loop diuretics (OR, 1.26; P Conclusion More than one-third of older adults in this cohort were dehydrated, with a strong association between dehydration and falls. Understanding and addressing the risks associated with dehydration, including falls, has potential for improving quality of life for patients as they age.
Targeting Abnormal Electrograms for Substrate-Based Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia: Can We Ablate Smarter?

Abstract Adaptor protein 4 (AP-4) is an ancient membrane trafficking complex, whose function has largely remained elusive. In humans, AP-4 deficiency causes a severe neurological disorder of unknown aetiology. We apply unbiased proteomic methods, including ‘Dynamic Organellar Maps’, to find proteins whose subcellular localisation depends on AP-4. We identify three transmembrane cargo proteins, ATG9A, SERINC1 and SERINC3, and two AP-4 accessory proteins, RUSC1 and RUSC2. We demonstrate that AP-4 deficiency causes missorting of ATG9A in diverse cell types, including patient-derived cells, as well as dysregulation of autophagy. RUSC2 facilitates the transport of AP-4-derived, ATG9A-positive vesicles from the TGN to the cell periphery. These vesicles cluster in close association with autophagosomes, suggesting they are the “ATG9A reservoir” required for autophagosome biogenesis. Our study uncovers ATG9A trafficking as a ubiquitous function of the AP-4 pathway. Furthermore, it provides a potential molecular pathomechanism of AP-4 deficiency, through dysregulated spatial control of autophagy.
Can Dislocation Rates Be Decreased Using the Anterior Approach in Patients With Lumbar Spondylosis or Lumbar Instrumented Fusion

Abstract Background Although spinopelvic stiffness is known to contribute to instability following total hip arthroplasty (THA), it is unknown whether use of an anterior surgical approach is associated with decreased postoperative instability rates in patients with lumbar spondylosis or fusion. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 1750 patients who underwent primary THA at our institution over an 8-year time period. Radiographic and chart review was performed evaluating for dislocations. Lumbar and pelvic radiographs were used to identify the presence of spondylosis and/or instrumented fusion. Patients were then divided into non-spondylosis and spondylosis or fusion groups to compare dislocation rates by surgical approach. Results In total, 54.4% of THA patients had an anterior approach (n = 952) and 54.6% had lumbar spondylosis or instrumented fusion (n = 956). There were 29 dislocations in total (1.7%), with less occurring in anterior approach patients (0.6% vs 2.9%, P Conclusion Patients with lumbar spondylosis or fusion have high rates of instability. At our institution, we found that utilization of an anterior surgical approach substantially mitigated this risk.
A Case of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Because of Rothia Mucilaginosa.

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a rare but devastating complication of total joint arthroplasty. Identifying the offending infectious agent is essential to appropriate treatment, and uncommon pathogens often lead to a diagnostic delay. This case describes the first known instance of a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with Rothia mucilaginosa, a typical respiratory tract organism. This report aims to provide insight into the treatment of this atypical PJI, as there are only six previously published cases of Rothia species PJI septic arthritis. The patient is a 64-year-old diabetic male who underwent a right TKA and left TKA ∼6 months later. Approximately 3 weeks status post-left TKA, he showed evidence of left PJI. One year after treatment and recovery from his left PJI, he presented with several months of right knee pain and fatigue. Subsequent labs and imaging revealed right PJI. No recent history of dental disease or work was observed. He then underwent two-stage revision right knee arthroplasty and microbial cultures yielded Rothia mucilaginosa. After initial empiric treatment, antibiotic therapy was narrowed to 6 weeks of vancomycin. Following negative aspiration cultures the patient underwent reimplantation of right TKA components. One year following treatment, the patient was fully recovered with no evidence of infection. This case emphasizes the possibility of microbial persistence despite various antibiotic treatment regimens for the patient's contralateral knee arthroplasty and PJI. Additionally, this case demonstrates the importance of two-stage revision in patients with PJI, and the viability of treating Rothia species PJIs with vancomycin.
The Bribery Double Standard: Leveraging the Foreign-Domestic Divide

A double standard in bribery law has emerged. Over the last decade, the U.S. Supreme Court has broken with a century of progressive reforms and has sought to interpret domestic bribery and other conflicts of interest laws narrowly. This weakened application of the federal domestic bribery law now stands in stark contrast to the robust and expansive prosecutions of bribery under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), which seeks to limit U.S. entities’ ability to bribe foreign public officials. The result is that those who seek to improperly influence domestic public officials are often able to engage in behavior that looks and smells like bribery, but is not bribery. Similar behavior in the foreign context, however, is punished by the FCPA. The act of bribery, whether domestic or foreign, not only undermines the practice of good governance, but also carries the potential to delegitimize the institutions of government themselves. Federal bribery laws have traditionally been designed and interpreted to address both of these concerns, evolving into powerful tools of public accountability. Now, by circumscribing the focus to the specifics of the act itself, rather than the appearance of the act, the Supreme Court’s restrictive interpretation has undermined the domestic antibribery regime, enabling high-profile elected officials to avoid punishment for acts that would have, until recently, been considered illegal. By contrast, the FCPA has not only withstood legal challenges, but is widely recognized as a powerful tool in the anticorruption arsenal. This Article explores this divergence, argues that the domestic bribery law should be modified, and identifies two aspects of the FCPA as a model for domestic statutory reform.
Why Is This Happening Now

The unusual timing of an otherwise appearing “insignificant” flow can be a clue to various underlying pathologies and should be thoroughly interrogated and investigated. While these abnormal flows may not be clinically important in and of themselves (e.g., may not cause volume overload or increase in filling pressures), understanding the cause of the abnormal timing is important, as it may clarify the underlying pathology. Diastolic mitral regurgitation is an example of such an abnormally timed event; understanding the mechanism and pressure relationships that result in diastolic MR can help shed light on the pathology causing it.
JBBM at 21 with a Tribute to David T. Wilson: Founding Editor of the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing

ABSTRACTPurpose: This article documents the contributions of David T. Wilson to the field of business-to-business marketing in general and his contributions as founding editor of the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing (JBBM). Methodology: In-depth interviews were conducted with David T. Wilson’s doctoral students to discuss the impact he had on their education in business-to-business marketing and in their personal lives. The list of dissertations, which Dr. Wilson chaired, co-chaired, or served on committee, was compiled through the cooperation of libraries at Texas A&M University and The Pennsylvania State University. This list was verified through ProQuest, a global information-content and technology company that provides solutions, applications, and products for libraries. Further, information in this article was derived from a literature review of David’s early JBBM editorials and scholarly articles, as well as those of the current sitting editor.Findings: Results of this research demonstrate ...
A Physically-Based Turbulent Velocity Time Series Decomposition

Single-point, three-component turbulent velocity time series data obtained in the atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean reveal coherent structures that are consistent with a model of a steady linearly varying spatial velocity field that translates past the measurement point at constant velocity. The kinematic model includes both strain and rotation rates and has implications regarding vortex generation, vortex pairing, vortex break-up, and stability. While the complete specification of the dimensions, spatial velocity gradients, and translational velocity of the linear coherent structure (LCS) cannot be made from the single-point, three-component measurements, the model LCS velocity time series can be determined from least- squares fits to the data. The total turbulent kinetic energy is used to find in the record the initial and final times of a model LCS in the data, i.e., the time interval over which a model LCS is passing over the anemometer. Maxima in the kinetic energy removed from the data (by subtraction of the model LCS velocity functions from the data) are used to identify the most-energetic model LCSs. These model LCS velocity functions replicate the essential large-scale features of the time series of the three-component velocity fluctuations, most noticeably in the streamwise component. The model LCS decomposition was used to perform a scale analysis of the data, which was compared to the usual Fourier method. Time intervals of model LCSs were found successively in the data, after subtracting the previous fits. This process resulted in a series of 'levels’ with a number of LCSs found at each level. About six levels account for most of the kinetic energy. The model also allows the computation of the Reynolds stress components, for which six levels also are sufficient. The recomposition of the time series on a LCS-by-LCS basis compares well with the mode-by-mode Fourier recomposition for the average momentum fluxes and kinetic energy.
Progress in lithium beam focusing and beam-target interaction experiments at Sandia National Laboratories

Significant progress in the generation and focusing of ion beams generated by PBFA-II has enabled us to begin experiments in ion beam coupling and target physics. Data from these experiments indicates that we can reproducibly deliver ∼50 KJ of 5 MeV protons at an average power intensity of 3.5 TW/cm2 to a 6 mm diameter by 6 mm tall cylindrical target. The implosion of spherical exploding pusher targets and the radiation production from foam-filled cylindrical thermal targets were studied in these experiments. They demonstrated that high quality target data can be obtained on PBFA-II. Specific deposition rates of about 100 TW/g were achieved in these experiments. This deposition rate marks the boundary between the regime where enhanced ion deposition and equation-of-state (EOS) physics are studied (10–100 TW/g) and the regime where radiation-conversion and radiation-transport physics are studied (100–1000 TW/g). Experiments in the radiation-conversion regime are now of primary importance in our program because these experiments will test the target physics basis for ion-driven ICE Experiments using a thin film LiF source have produced an intensity of 1 TW/cm2 of lithium ions. This beam has a potential specific deposition rate of 300–400 TW/g in hydrocarbon foams. However, radiation conversion experiments will require an increased total energy content of this beam in order to overcome the specific internal energy of the foam. Further increases in ion beam intensity and energy content are being pursued in a multi-pronged attack. Understanding and controlling ion beam divergence is the highest program priority. Present understanding indicates that instabilities in the electron sheath cause significant ion beam divergence. Our understanding suggests that this contribution to the ion divergence can be decreased by operating the diode at a low enhancement through the use of high applied magnetic fields or by modifying the electron distribution near the anode via electron limiters. The new 9 cm radius “Compact Diode” has the capability of generating ≥8 T applied magnetic fields which will enable divergence experiments in the low-enhancement, high-B regime. Experiments with the LEVIS (Laser Evaporation Ion Source) lithium source have demonstrated the existence of a preformed plasma, as determined by visible-emission spectroscopy of the anode plasma. Work on improving lithium purity with this source is in progress. This active anode plasma will be used in experiments testing the effectiveness of electron limiters in controlling ion beam divergence. We are also working to understand the interrelation between accelerator coupling, diode physics, and ion beam focusing in order to optimize the diode configuration to maximize the power intensity on target. Success in these experiments will provide an adequate lithium beam for performing target experiments exploring radiation conversion and radiation transport physics in ion-driven ICF.
Correlations and the possibility of a charge-density-wave (CDW) instability in quantum electron liquids

It is shown that the static local-field factor G( q →,o ), as calculated from the quantum version of the STLS theory, has a structure that leads to the possibility of a charge-density-wave (CDW) instability in a 3D-homogeneous electron liquid beyond a certain rs value.
The quantized detection algorithm

An algorithm is presented for designing optimum quantizers for signals at two remote sensors that are to be fused at a central site in order to make a detection decision. Fusion rules are selected as candidates according to their ability to approximate the likelihood ratio test, a continuous curve in the observation space, with stepwise continuous approximations. The number of steps is determined by N, the number of levels of quantization. Results are presented showing the uniform convergence of the algorithm's performance to that of the likelihood ratio test with increasing N for known signals in Gaussian noise. It is shown that an N of four, or two-bit quantization, performs nearly as well as the likelihood ratio test and is far superior to an N of two, or one-bit quantization, which corresponds to local detection decisions. >