cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved Least Median of Squares Localization for Non-Line-of-Sight Mitigation

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation is one of the major problems that cause errors in localization systems. There exist many algorithms to reduce NLOS caused errors. Most of these algorithms require ap rioriinformation about the NLOS links, which limits their application. The least median of squares (LMedS) method is an exception and is thus attractive for its simplicity. LMedS selects only a subset of the anchors with the smallest residue for location calculation, but it tends to discard more range measurements than necessary. Its performance can be improved significantly, particularly when the percentage of NLOS links is not high. In this paper, we present an improved LMedS method, which maximizes the subset of reliable anchors to be used. We show via simulation that, compared with the existing LMedS method, the proposed algorithm has significantly higher localization accuracy and is more stable. Index Terms—Least median of squares method (LMedS), local- ization, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation.
Family day care licensing: Issues and recommendations

In this paper I review some of the issues involved in family day care licensing and argue the need to continue the efforts to license family day care homes. I also discuss some of the perspectives and understandings of day care home providers regarding licensing issues. I offer some specific recommendations for licensing which stress the necessity of taking into account these perspectives as we proceed to revise and improve licensing systems.
Reflection and Transmission of Waves over Submerged Breakwaters

This work has a twofold objective. First, a new method to separate incident and reflected wave components, using measurements from one wave probe, is presented. This technique is based on local variations in amplitude and phase of the measured wave and uses wavelet analysis. Second, the method is applied to perform a parametric study to compare the reflection and transmission characteristics of flexible and rigid breakwaters. Results are discussed for different depths of submergence of the models, different internal pressures in the case of the flexible breakwater, and a wide range of wave steepnesses. The results show that, in general, the rigid model has a higher reflection coefficient than the flexible model. On the other hand, the flexible model has a much higher energy-loss coefficient. Optimal breakwater widths for reflection, transmission, and energy-loss coefficients for waves with different wavelengths are also presented.
Treatment of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the heart.

Primary soft tissue sarcoma of the heart is encountered infrequently in clinical practice. Treatment is reported of an intracardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma, consisting of maximal surgical resection followed by 5600 cGy of conventionally fractionated radiation therapy. Transesophageal echocardiograms done during follow-up were useful in assessing tumor control. Aspects of patient care are discussed in conjunction with a review of the available literature. Cancer 1992; 69:956–961.
Differences in Marital Instability Among, Mexican Americans, Blacks, and Anglos: 1960 and 1970

A comparative analysis of differences in marital instability, carried out over time as well as cross-sectionally, indicates that the relative frequency of marital disruption of ever-married women is low among Mexican Americans, followed by Anglos and Blacks in ascending order. Introduction of controls for age, age at first marriage, and other potential determinants of marital solidarity does not alter the ranking by ethnicity. The results suggest that conclusions, based on previous research, that the level of marital instability characteristic of Mexican Americans is higher than that of Anglos and that the trend in marital instability among Mexican Americans is converging with that of Blacks, are in need of revision.
Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Induced by Hexavalent Chromium in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Chromium is a widespread industrial compound. The soluble hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is an environmental contaminant widely recognized as carcinogen, mutagen, and teratogen toward humans and animals. The fate of chromium in the environment is dependent on its oxidation state. The reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) results in the formation of reactive intermediates leading to oxidative tissue damage and cellular injury. In the present investigation, Potassium dichromate was given intraperitoneally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 5 days with the doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg body weight per day. Oxidative stress including the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the extent of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in both liver and kidney was determined. DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The results indicated that administration of Cr (VI) had caused a significant increase of ROS level in both liver and kidney after 5 days of exposure, accompanied with a dose-dependent increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The malondialdehyde content in liver and kidney was elevated as compared with the control animals. Dose- and time-dependent effects were observed on DNA damage after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h posttreatment. The results obtained from the present study showed that Cr (VI) could induce dose- and time-dependent effects on DNA damage, both liver and kidney show defense against chromium-induced oxidative stress by enhancing their antioxidant enzyme activity. However, liver was found to exhibit more antioxidant defense than the kidney.
DC Casting, Deformation and Strengthening of Al-Si Alloys

Al-Si alloys are widely used as cast alloys for their excellent castability, low thermal expansion coefficient, good wear resistance and corrosion resistance properties. However, the poor ductility of these alloys, caused by the presence of coarse and non-deformable Si phase in the as-cast state, has inhibited their applications as wrought materials. Recently, a process based on traditional technologies, i.e., direct chill (DC) casting followed by hot deformation and heat treatment, has been developed for potential mass production of wrought Al-Si alloys with superior mechanical properties in view of their strength and ductility. In this work, the microstructural evolutions of DC cast Al-Si alloys involved in solidification, recrystallization and precipitation during the processing are highlighted, aiming at understanding the correlations between the microstructures and the mechanical properties.
Ultrafast Spectroscopic Studies of the Dynamics of Liquids Confined in Nanoporous Glasses

The reorientational dynamics of liquids confined in nanoporous sol−gel glasses have been investigated in detail using femtosecond optical Kerr effect spectroscopy. We review the results of experiments performed on both weakly wetting and strongly wetting liquids in nanoconfinement. In all cases the liquid partitions into bulk-like and surface populations, each of which has unique dynamics. We demonstrate how optical Kerr effect spectroscopy can be used to probe the dynamics and structure of these populations in quantitative, molecular-level detail.
Local segmentation of biomedical images

In this paper, a new algorithm for local segmentation of biomedical images is presented. First, a relatively small region is selected for segmentation on the basis of dispersion measurement of local gray values. This small region is then segmented using a segmentation algorithm based on quantization approach. While quantizing a signal, the range of input signal is divided into a number of segments. All signal values within a segment are assigned a unique reconstruction value. In segmentation of gray level images, the problem is to classify or code gray values of the pixels into two or more groups. An N-level threshold selection method for segmentation thus becomes the design of an N-level optimal quantizer. This new approach is suitable for a number of biomedical applications where the objects of interest appear as small and localized in the images. Some experimental results are also provided which illustrate the success of the new scheme.
Enhanced refractive index change in asymmetrical quantum wells with an applied electric field

We theoretically calculate the electric field induced refractive change index for the ground to first excited state transition in the conduction band of asymmetrical quantum wells. We show that there is a significant change in stark shifts and the refractive index with asymmetry potential. Comparing the results for a square, graded, and step well, it is found that larger refractive index change can be achieved in a step well by a proper choice of the step potential.
COMPARISON OF SELECTED MEASURES OF FIELD DEPENDENCE

An examination was made to determine the extent to which the Flexibility of Closure subtest from Hakstian and Cattell's Comprehensive Ability Battery could be substituted for Witkin's Rod-and-frame Test of field dependency. Although the data for 48 subjects (aged 11 to 17 yr.) yielded a significant zero-order correlation between the two tests for females, it was judged insufficient to warrant substitution of the former for the latter test.
Self-Hypnosis for the Treatment of Functional Abdominal Pain in Childhood

Functional abdominal pain, defined as recurrent abdominal pain in the absence of an identifiable physiologic cause, can respond to psychological intervention in appropriate patients. In this patient series, functional abdominal pain of 4 of 5 pediatric patients resolved within 3 weeks after a single session of instruction in self-hypnosis. The potential impact of widespread application of such hypnotherapy may be large, because abdominal pain is thought to be the most common recurrent physical symptom attributable to psychological factors among children and adolescents.
Epidermoid cyst of the thoracic spine: case history.

Epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord are very rare tumors. We report a 31 year-old female who presented with a 5 months history of progressive lower extremity weakness and spasticity. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine revealed a 2 cm intradural, extramedullary mass at the T4-5 level. A T4 and T5 osteoplastic laminotomy with complete removal of the intradural mass was performed. Intraoperative and final histological examinataion revealed an epidermoid cyst. Epidermoid cysts must be a consideration for intradural, extramedullary lesions of the spinal cord. Complete surgical resection offers the patient an opportunity for good neurologic outcome.
PROXIMATE AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF EGGS AND CHICKS FROM GROWTH-SELECTED LINES OF WHITE ROCKS.

Abstract Eggs and chicks from two lines of White Rocks which had been established by mass selection for body weight in divergent directions at 8 weeks of age were compared in reference to their proximate and amino acid composition. Eggs of the HW line were larger and were composed of significantly more of each constituent, with the exception of fat, than were the eggs of the LW line. On a percentage basis, the HW line eggs contained significantly less fat and more carbohydrate than the LW line eggs. The same trends existed when the compositions of the chicks of both lines were compared except that on a percentage basis no significant differences in proximate composition were noted. The results of amino acid analyses of eggs and chicks of both lines are presented. It appeared that the HW line embryos were more efficient in the utilization of both energy and histidine than embryos of the low weight line.
Increases in CSF norepinephrine associated with the onset of digoxin-induced arrhythmias

The present study utilized a time course of CSF catecholamine concentrations during peripheral digoxin administration in vivo to provide a clarification of central catecholaminergic mechanisms involved in digitalis cardiotoxicity. A continuous peripheral digoxin infusion produced significant increases in CSF norepinephrine just prior to arrhythmogenesis in anesthetized dogs. Phentolamine pretreatment significantly increased the arrhythmogenic and lethal doses of digoxin. These results suggest that activation of central noradrenergic neurons may be the initiating factor in digoxin-induced arrhythmogenesis.
Influences of new employee development practices on temporary employee work‐related attitudes

The need to make organizations more flexible and thus more responsive to environmental change has led to many organizations using a flexible workforce that includes temporary employees. The article's purpose was to examine relationships between new employee development (NED) practices that promote organizational socialization and temporary employee attitudes (i.e., job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). We developed and empirically tested two models depicting the influence of the dual nature of NED practices on employee attitudes in a temporary agency employing workers at many U.S. sites. Results supported nearly all hypothesized relationships. Concerning the client organization, we found positive relationships between NED practices and job satisfaction and organizational commitment and a negative relationship between NED practices and turnover intention. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment partially mediated the NED practices and turnover intention relationship. Similar results were found for relationships between NED practices and employee attitudes in relation to the temporary agency. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Physiological and biochemical changes in summer and winter diapause and non-diapause pupae of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae L. during long-term cold acclimation.

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that cold hardiness in the cabbage armyworm Mamestra brassicae is more developed in winter diapause pupae (WD) than in summer diapause pupae (SD) after short-term cold acclimation. In this study, we investigated specific physiological and biochemical differences between diapause and non-diapause pupae (ND) of M. brassicae after acclimation at 5 °C for up to 4 months. The period required for adult emergence in ND pupae at 20 °C was about 20.2 d and independent of the months acclimated. However, SD and WD pupae reached this level only after 1- and 4-month acclimation, respectively. Levels of respiration (O2 consumption and CO2 release) in ND0 (the subscript indicates the months of acclimation at 5 °C) was eightfold higher than in WD0 and SD0, decreased sharply in ND1 and reached diapause pupae (WD and SD) levels in ND2. Maximal cold hardiness developed during cold acclimation was found in WD3, SD2 and ND2 pupae. During cold acclimation, glycogen content remained at higher levels in WD and SD than in ND. Lipid content in ND decreased but remained high in SD and WD. These results suggest that diapause pupae show large amounts of metabolic reserves in the form of glycogen and lipid during diapause development. To our knowledge, this is the first report to compare the physiological and biochemical differences among summer and winter diapause pupae and non-diapause pupae in the same insect species during long-term cold acclimation.
New tools and methods for direct programmatic access to the dbSNP relational database

Genome-wide association studies often incorporate information from public biological databases in order to provide a biological reference for interpreting the results. The dbSNP database is an extensive source of information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for many different organisms, including humans. We have developed free software that will download and install a local MySQL implementation of the dbSNP relational database for a specified organism. We have also designed a system for classifying dbSNP tables in terms of common tasks we wish to accomplish using the database. For each task we have designed a small set of custom tables that facilitate task-related queries and provide entity-relationship diagrams for each task composed from the relevant dbSNP tables. In order to expose these concepts and methods to a wider audience we have developed web tools for querying the database and browsing documentation on the tables and columns to clarify the relevant relational structure. All web tools and software are freely available to the public at http://cgsmd.isi.edu/dbsnpq. Resources such as these for programmatically querying biological databases are essential for viably integrating biological information into genetic association experiments on a genome-wide scale.
Three-band MRI image fusion utilizing the wavelet-based method optimized with two quantitative fusion metrics

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there are three bands of images (MRI triplet) availa ble, which are T1-, T2- and PD-weighted images. The three images of a MRI triplet provide complementary st ructure information and therefore it is useful for diagnosis and subsequent analysis to combine three-band images into one. We propose an advanced discrete wavelet transform ( aDWT) for three-band MR I image fusion and the aDWT algorithm is further optimized utilizing two quantitative fusion metrics  the image quality index (IQI) and ratio spatial frequency error (rSFe). In the aDWT method, principle component analysis (PCA) and morphological processing are incorporated into a regular DWT fusion algorithm. Furthermore, the aDWT has two adjustable parameters  the level of DWT decomposition (L
Intergenerational Triads in Grandparent-Headed Families

Objectives. Grandparents are becoming caregivers of their grandchildren more often as a result of their adult children’s drug addiction, mental problems, and financial need. This study examined grandmothers’ well-being in relation to bonding within intergenerational triads consisting of grandmother, parent, and grandchild. Methods. Interviews were conducted with 987 grandmothers recruited through schools and media, including 512 custodial grandmothers raising their grandchildren and 475 coparenting grandmothers helping their adult sons or daughters to raise their grandchildren. Results. Contrary to expectation, triangulation involving a weak parent–grandmother relationship was not related to significantly lower grandmother well-being. In contrast, the emotionally isolated parent, particularly common in custodial families, was related to lower grandmother well-being, whether or not the parent lived in the household. The configuration in which the parent provided a link for both other generations was frequent in coparenting families, but it was not significantly different in grandmother well-being compared to other linking triads. Discussion. Intergenerational triad types appear to be broadly relevant emotional configurations that transcend living situations but appear with different frequencies in custodial and coparenting families. Results affirm the utility of examining multirelationship patterns and describe the restructuring of intergenerational relationships characteristic of parental absence.
Decision‐Theoretic Foundations of Simulation Optimization

In simulation optimization, a task appearing frequently in applications, we wish to find a set of inputs to a simulator that cause its output to be maximal in some sense. Within any simulation optimization algorithm we must make a sequence of decisions about which input to test at each point in time. The problem of making this sequence of decisions so as to discover a near-optimal point as quickly as possible may be understood within a decision-theoretic framework. We describe this decision-theoretic framework in the context of two problems: ranking and selection and Bayesian global optimization. This decisiontheoretic framework provides both a way of better understanding existing algorithms, and a path to developing new algorithms.
Direct simulation of non-premixed flame extinction in a methane–air jet with reduced chemistry

A three-dimensional direct numerical simulation (DNS) study of a spatially evolving planar turbulent reacting jet is reported. Combustion of methane with air is modelled using a four-step reduced mechanism in the non-premixed regime. A total of eight chemical species are integrated in time along with the fluid mechanical fields. The solution of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations is obtained numerically for moderately low Mach number. A large computational grid, with 100 million grid points, is required in order to resolve the flame. The cold flow Reynolds number is 3000. The focus of the study is to investigate the dynamics of extinction fronts in three-dimensional turbulent flows. A novel data reduction and identification algorithm was developed to postprocess the large DNS database and extract the shape of the evolving flame surface including its edges and their propagation velocity. The joint probability density function (p.d.f.) of edge velocity and scalar dissipation was obtained and the results indicate that the three-dimensional flame edges propagate with a velocity that is largely controlled by the local rate of scalar dissipation, or equivalently in terms of the local Damkohler number at the flame edge, as predicted by theory. Naturally, the effects of unsteadiness in this flow produce a broad joint p.d.f. The statistics collected also suggest that the mean value of the hydrogen radical reaction rate are very small in the turbulent regions of the flow owing to the functional form of the hydrogen radical reaction rate itself. The consequence of these results in the context of turbulent combustion modelling is discussed. Additional statistical and morphological information of the flame is provided.
Prevention of rectal SHIV transmission in macaques by daily or intermittent prophylaxis with emtricitabine and tenofovir.

Background In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with antiretroviral drugs could prove to be an effective intervention strategy if highly efficacious and cost-effective PrEP modalities are identified. We evaluated daily and intermittent PrEP regimens of increasing antiviral activity in a macaque model that closely resembles human transmission.
Metabolism of ethanol in rat gastric cells and its inhibition by cimetidine

Abstract Background/Aims: Several studies have shown that the stomach has sufficient alcohol dehydrogenase activity to metabolize a significant amount of alcohol and that cimetidine depresses this alcohol dehydrogenase activity. However, both gastric metabolism of ethanol and its inhibition by cimetidine remain controversial. Given the difficulty in assessing gastric metabolism of ethanol in vivo, this subject was investigated in vitro. Methods: Cultured rat gastric epithelial cells were incubated with 200 mmol/L [1- 14 C]ethanol for 90 minutes with and without cimetidine (0.1–1 mmol/L) or omeprazole (1 mmol/L). The quantity of ethanol oxidized by gastric cells was measured by the amount of acetate produced using ion exchange chromatography. Results: The majority of cells at confluency had typical features of mucous cells. The gastric cells metabolized significant amounts of ethanol, sufficient to account for in vivo first-pass metabolism of ethanol in rats. Cimetidine, but not omeprazole, reduced ethanol metabolism by 39.9% ± 4.9% ( P
A Research Agenda Toward a Better Conceptualization of IT Use

IT use is a primary concept that should be clarified carefully since it is a major concept in several existing IS theoretical models such as the Technology Acceptance Model, Task-Technology Fit, and IS Success model. Unfortunately, most studies define this concept too simply. This can constrain our understandings of IT impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to conceptualize IT use and explore its multiple dimensions. This research attempts to formulate a research agenda for this purpose. Using activity theory and other related theories, we propose a research framework to conceptualize IT use and a multi-item scale to measure it.
Alternative Schooling Strategies and the Religious Lives of American Adolescents

I analyze the effects of Catholic schooling, Protestant schooling, and homeschooling on adolescents' religious lives and test three mechanisms through which these schooling strategies might influence religiosity: friendship networks, network closure, and adult mentors. Data from Wave 1 of the National Survey of Youth and Religion suggest that Catholic schoolers attend religious services more frequently and value their faith more highly than public schoolers, but attend religious education classes and youth group less often. Protestant schoolers' involvement in their local congregation is similar to public schoolers', but their faith plays a more salient role in their life and they are more active in private religious activities. Homeschoolers do not differ significantly from public schoolers on any outcome considered. Moreover, friendship networks, network closure, and adult mentors play a very limited role in mediating the relationships between schooling strategies and adolescent religiosity. Interpretations of these findings are presented and discussed.
Implications of newborn screening for nurses.

Purpose: Newborn screening has dramatically decreased the morbidity and mortality associated with a wide range of heritable conditions. Continuing advances in screening technology and improvements in the effectiveness of treatment are driving the rapid expansion of newborn screening programs. In this article, we review issues in newborn screening care and opportunities for nurses and nursing faculty to provide education and conduct research to improve the impact of newborn screening. Organizing Construct: This article provides (a) an overview of current newborn screening activities, including how conditions are added to newborn screening panels and how implementation occurs at state and national levels; (b) a description of current controversies and ethical considerations; (c) a description of the roles of nurses in the newborn screening process; (d) suggestions for nursing education and research; and (e) a summary of expected future developments in newborn screening, including genome sequencing. Conclusions: Nurses are uniquely well suited to address the educational needs and future research in newborn screening because of the role that nurses play in the provision of direct clinical care and in population-based healthcare delivery. Clinical Relevance: Newborn screening is a public health approach to the identification of rare but treatable conditions in early infancy. In the United States, as in other industrialized countries, newborn screening is rapidly expanding. Nurses, nurse educators, and nurse researchers are positioned to contribute to the field of newborn screening by assuring programs are implemented safely and effectively, by facilitating education of the nursing work force, and by developing and contributing to research programs in newborn screening.
Heterodyne coincidence spectroscopy

A new type of light-scattering experiment, which should measure directly the triple static structure factor S (3) (k, q) of a fluid, is proposed. S (3)(k, q) is the full spatial Fourier transform of the equilibrium triplet distribution function g (3)(r 1, r 2, r 3). The experiment may also be used to study dynamic correlation functions of the form (where ak () is the kth spatial Fourier component of the density), thereby giving new information on mode-mode coupling. The method obtains its information from triple correlations in the arrival of scattered photons at three detectors. The detectors must be operated in the heterodyne mode (i.e. with a local oscillator); the scattering volume must be much larger than the volume over which molecular positions are correlated. Comparison is made with previous analyses of other multi-detector experiments.
Quantum resonances and partial differential equations

Resonances, or scattering poles, are complex numbers which mathemati­ cally describe meta-stable states: the real part of a resonance gives the rest energy, and its imaginary part, the rate of decay of a meta-stable state. This description emphasizes the quantum mechanical aspects of this concept but similar models appear in many branches of physics, chemistry and mathemat­ ics, from molecular dynamics to automorphic forms. In this article we will will describe the recent progress in the study of resonances based on the theory of partial differential equations.
Use of hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers for spark delivery and laser ignition in gases

The fiber-optic delivery of sparks in gases is challenging as the output beam must be refocused to high intensity (~200 GW/cm2 for nanosecond pulses). Analysis suggests the use of coated hollow core fibers, fiber lasers, and photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). We study the effects of launch conditions and bending for 2 m long coated hollow fibers and find an optimum launch f# of ~55 allowing spark formation with ~98% reliability for bends up to a radius of curvature of 1.5 m in atmospheric pressure air. Spark formation using the output of a pulsed fiber laser is described, and delivery of 0.55 mJ pulses through PCFs is shown.
High-Voltage CMOS Compatible SOI MESFET Characterization and Spice Model Extraction

A mature and well-established SOI CMOS process has been used to fabricate metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs) that operate in the gigahertz range. These 0.6mum depletion-mode SOI MESFETs exhibit a maximum breakdown voltage of 45V in spite of being fabricated using the standard 3.3V CMOS process. This high voltage capability makes the device a strong contender for applications such as power amplifiers, voltage controlled oscillators and DC-DC converters. DC and RF characterization involving breakdown voltage measurements, S-parameter measurements and small-signal parameter extraction was conducted on the device. We have customized an advanced, commercially available TOM3 SPICE MESFET model to represent the SOI MESFET. Based on extracted small-signal parameters, a simplified method to extract the charge parameters of the TOM3 capacitance model was developed. A diode subcircuit has been proposed to model the breakdown mechanism in the SOI MESFET
Anal duct carcinoma: A report of 5 cases

Anal duct carcinoma (ADC) is a rare lesion composed of glands undermining non-neoplastic squamous epithelium. We describe the clinicopathologic characteristics and follow-up of 5 cases of ADC. Four definitive cases had tissue available for immunohistochemistry (IHC; CK7, CK20, prostate-specific antigen [PSA], estrogen/progesterone receptors [ER/PR], and p16) and in situ hybridization (ISH) for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV); a fifth case, with a history of ADC, had limited tissue for immunolabeling with only CK7, CK20, and p16. The mean patient age was 69.8 years. All 5 cases were CK7-positive and p16-negative. Four of 5 cases were CK20-negative. All cases with sufficient tissue (4/4) were negative for HR-HPV by ISH, PSA-negative (men), and ER/PR-negative (women). Four of 5 patients had previous malignancies, and in all 4 cases with sufficient tissue, metastasis was excluded with IHC. Of 5 patients, 3 developed metastases, whereas 2 had isolated local recurrences. ADCs are neoplasms with metastatic potential and can result in poor outcomes.
Acute presentation of cavernous hemangioma of the orbit.

Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit typically presents as a slow-growing tumor with gradual onset of symptoms. Acute onset of clinical signs and symptoms, are a rare feature. We present the case of a 40-year–old female, who developed sudden onset of clinical symptoms. MRI evidence of intralesional hemorrhage was confirmed by histopathology.
Experimental Comparison of Cranial Particulate Bone Graft, rhBMP-2, and Split Cranial Bone Graft for Inlay Cranioplasty.

Background: Particulate bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) are options for inlay cranioplasty in children who have not developed a diploic space. The purpose of this study was to determine whether particulate bone graft or rhBMP-2 has superior efficacy for inlay cranioplasty and to compare these substances to split cranial bone. Methods: A 17 mm × 17 mm critical-sized defect was made in the parietal bones of 22 rabbits and managed in four ways: Group I (no implant; n=5), Group II (particulate bone graft; n=5), Group III (rhBMP-2; n=7), and Group IV (split cranial bone graft; n=5). Animals underwent microcomputed tomography and histologic analysis 16 weeks after cranioplasty. Results: Defects without an implant (Group I) demonstrated inferior ossification (41.4%; interquartile range [IQR], 28.9% to 42.5%) compared to those treated with particulate bone graft (Group II: 99.5%; IQR, 97.8% to 100%), rhBMP-2 (Group III: 99.6%; IQR, 99.5% to 100%), or split cranial bone (...
Converted-wave azimuth moveout

A new partial-prestack migration operator to manipulate multicomponent data, called converted-wave azimuth moveout (PS-AMO), transforms converted-wave prestack data with an arbitrary offset and azimuth to equivalent data with a new offset and azimuth position. This operator is a sequential application of converted-wave dip moveout and its inverse. As expected, PS-AMO reduces to the known expression of AMO for the extreme case when the P velocity is the same as the S velocity. Moreover, PS-AMO preserves the resolution of dipping events and internally applies a correction for the lateral shift between the common-midpoint and the common-reflection/conversion point. An implementation of PS-AMO in the log-stretch frequency-wavenumber domain is computationally efficient. The main applications for the PS-AMO operator are geometry regularization, data-reduction through partial stacking, and interpolation of unevenly sampled data. We test our PS-AMO operator by solving 3D acquisition geometry-regularization problems for multicomponent, ocean-bottom seismic data. The geometry-regularization problem is defined as a regularized least-squares-objective function. To preserve the resolution of dipping events, the regularization term uses the PS-AMO operator. Application of this methodology on a portion of the Alba 3D, multicomponent, ocean-bottom seismic data set shows that we can satisfactorily obtain an interpolated data set that honors the physics of converted waves.
Influence of parasite load on the ability of type 1 T cells to control Leishmania major infection.

BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major developed a type 2 immune response which failed to control parasite replication. We found that scid mice that received splenocytes from BALB/c mice that had been infected for 3 weeks with L. major (a type 2 cell population) and that were subsequently infected with L. major were protected when they were treated with interleukin 12 (IL-12). In contrast, IL-12 was ineffective at protecting BALB/c mice infected for 3 weeks, suggesting that a high parasite load regulates the development of protective immunity. To determine how this regulation operates, we performed a series of adoptive transfers of naive, type 1 or type 2 splenocytes into scid mice. The recipient scid mice were infected either for 5 weeks prior to cell transfer (and thus had a high parasite load) or at the time of cell transfer. scid mice that were infected for 5 weeks and received a type 1 cell population were able to cure their lesions. However, when 5-week-infected scid mice received both type 1 and 2 cell populations, they were unable to control their infections. In contrast, the same type 1 and 2 cells transferred to naive scid mice, which were subsequently infected, provided protection. In addition, we found that naive cells mediated protection in scid mice with established lesions. These results show that high parasite numbers do not block type 1 protective responses or the development of type 1 responses. Instead, the influence of a high parasite load is dependent on the presence of a type 2 cell population.
Close Cousins or Distant Relatives? The Relationship Between Terrorism and Hate Crime:

Prior research has frequently drawn parallels between the study of hate crimes and the study of terrorism. Yet, key differences between the two behaviors may be underappreciated in extant work. Terrorism is often an “upward crime,” involving a perpetrator of lower social standing than the targeted group. By contrast, hate crimes are disproportionately “downward crimes,” usually entailing perpetrators belonging to the majority or powerful group in society and minority group victims. The latter difference implies that hate crimes and terrorism are more akin to distant relatives than close cousins. These divergent perspectives provide a backdrop for the present research, which empirically investigates the association between hate crimes and terrorism. In doing so, we contribute to prior work on hate crimes and terrorism by emphasizing the temporal association between these behaviors and by empirically investigating the potential for one kind of violent event to trigger another kind of violence. Time-series a...
Generating octrees from object silhouettes in orthographic views

An algorithm to construct the octree representation of a three-dimensional object from silhouette images of the object is described. The images must be obtained from thirteen viewing directions corresponding to the three face views, six edge views, and four corner views of an upright cube. These views where chosen because they provide a simple relationship between pixels in the image and the octant labels in the octree, thus replacing the computation of detecting intersections between the octree space and the objects by a table lookup operation. The average ratio of the object volume to the octree volume is found to be greater than 90%. The sequential use made of the chosen viewing directions results in a coarse-to-fine acquisition of occupancy information. The number and order of the viewpoints used provides a mechanism for trading accuracy of the representation against the computational effort needed to obtain the representation. >
Bimatoprost 0.03% gel for cosmetic eyelash growth and enhancement.

Summary Objective To evaluate a bimatoprost gel for enhancing eyelash growth, adverse effects, and change in intraocular pressure (IOP). Methods Prospective, double-masked, randomized controlled study. Fifty-two patients without ocular disease were assigned a control or bimatoprost 0.03% gel to apply to the eyelid margin once a day. Results The adjusted mean change in eyelash length from baseline to 6 months was 0.77 mm in the bimatoprost group and −0.12 mm in the control group (P = 0.004). Adverse effects were experienced by 2 of 16 patients (12.5%) in the control group and 9 of 36 patients (25%) in the bimatoprost gel group. Mean change in IOP from baseline to 6 months was 0.685 mmHg in the control group and −2.04 mmHg in the bimatoprost group (P = 0.009). Conclusions Bimatoprost gel was effective in enhancing eyelash growth. The most common adverse effect for the bimatoprost gel was conjunctival and eyelid hyperemia, while the most severe was recurrent anterior uveitis. Mean IOP was reduced in subjects using the bimatoprost gel.
Abstract B45: Microsatellite instability among disenfranchised minority colorectal cancer patients

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is present in up to 15% of sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs) and explains the heritable etiology underlying CRC in Lynch Syndrome (LS). MSI occurs as a result of deficient mismatch repair (MMR) function, which influences CRC phenotype and predicts response to treatment. Data demonstrate a higher rate of MSI in Blacks than Whites; studies in Hispanics have demonstrated that MSI generally occurs in the context of LS. The prevalence and influence of these markers in the disenfranchised racial and ethnic populations of Florida are not described. Objective: The present study describes the prevalence of MMR deficiency and MSI-high CRCs among racial and ethnic minorities in Miami-Dade County and examines the influence of MSI on CRC outcomes. Methods: The Network Cancer Program database and Oncology Clinic records of the county safety net hospital and university-affiliated tertiary care referral center were queried to identify consecutive retrospective cases of CRC for the years 2005-2010. The pathology records confirmed availability of surgically resected tissue. The diagnosis of CRC was confirmed by chart review. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for four MMR proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was performed. In a subset of FFPE tumors, MSI testing was also performed by PCR. The prevalence of MMR and MSI abnormalities was determined among racial/ethnic groups. Results were evaluated for concordance and correlated with CRC endpoints. Summary of Results: 249 CRCs were identified (non-Hispanic whites [NHW] 77, Hispanic 101, Black 71) with the following AJCC Staging: 0=4, 1=40, 2=74, 3=85, and 4=46. MMR deficiency was found in 11.6%; loss of MLH1/PMS2 was seen in 75.9% and MSH2/MSH6 17.2%. MMR deficiency rates by racial/ethnic group were as follows: NHW 10.4%, Hispanic 12.9%, and Black 9.9%. MSI was tested in 50 CRCs; microsatellite stability (MSS) was found in 84% and high levels of MSI in 16%. Excellent concordance was observed between MMR and MSI (Kappa=0.88). Conclusions: MSI occurs frequently in our disenfranchised, largely immigrant patient population, supporting the utility of universal CRC screening among the underserved. MMR deficiency varies by racial and ethnic classification. The proportion of these MSI CRCs due to Lynch Syndrome needs to be clarified. MMR and MSI have excellent concordance as competing screening tests, making the cheaper MMR preferable, particularly for the underserved. The influence of race/ethnicity on other CRC endpoints is underway. Citation Format: Daniel A. Sussman, Shivali Berera, Peter Hosein, Feng Miao, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Jacob McCauley, Erin Kobetz-Kerman, Olveen Carrasquillo, Maria T. Abreu. Microsatellite instability among disenfranchised minority colorectal cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B45. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-B45
Potentiation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki with Thuringiensin on Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Toxicity of several formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) (BTK) to beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), was determined using neonate larvae in a diet incorporation bioassay. LC50’s for formulations of the spore/crystal complex of two BTK isolates, Dipel 2X and Javelin, were 299 μg/ml and 81.2 μg/ml of diet, respectively. The LC50 of ABG-6162, an experimental formulation of thuringiensin, was 37.5 μg (AI)/ml of diet. Time of death varied with treatment. With Dipel 2X or Javelin, most mortality (52%) occurred by day 3, whereas with ABG-6162, mortality was greatest (52%) between days 5 and 6. Combinations of thuringiensin and BTK resulted in potentiation, whereas combinations of the two BTK formulations produced an additive effect. Combinations of BTK and thuringiensin increased rate of mortality, with 90% of the total mortality occurring within 3 days.
Some Extensions of a Ubiquitous Geometric Limit Problem

(1996). Some Extensions of a Ubiquitous Geometric Limit Problem. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 290-291.
Telling the Story of Islam in Asia: Reflections on Teleologies and Timelessness

Any of us who teaches about Muslims in Asia is likely to feel the need to insist on the importance of the subject and its neglect by people who reduce Islam and its adherents to the Middle East or conflate Muslim and Arab. The chart of population figures listed in the appendix shows why, in terms of the sheer numbers involved, one might want to assert Asia’s importance as the four largest Muslim populations in the world: Indonesia, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are in Asia. The largest concentration of Muslims anywhere is in the area we demarcate “South Asia,” the old British India with close to half a billion population of Muslims. Approximately one in three of the world’s Muslims lives in the first set of countries listed in the appendix.
Determination of tetracycline residues in foodstuffs of animal origin by high performance liquid chromatography with gel permeation chromatography clean-up

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of oxytetracycline(OTC),tetracyclines(TC) and chlortetracycline(CTC) residues in foodstuffs of animal origin by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with gel permeation chromatography(GPC) clean-up.Methods:Sample was extracted with acetonitrile.The extracted sample was cleaned up on a Pharmadex LH-20 gel permeation column(15 mm i.d×450 mm)eluted with methanol containing 1% acetic acid.The analysis was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column(4.6 mm i.d ×250 mm) using acetonitrile-0.1% trifluoracetic acid(18:82) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min and detection at 360 nm.Results:All of tetracyclines(TCs) had a good linear relationship(r0.999) in the range of 0.02~1.0 mg/L for OTC and TC,0.04~2.0 mg/L for CTC.The limits of detection(LOD) were from 11 to 30 μg/kg.The average recoveries for all three tetracycline residues were 51.9%~95.2%,with relative standard deviations(RSD) of 3.4%~6.7%.Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,repeatible and could be applied for the analysis of tetracycline residues in animal foods.
Effect of killing mosquitoes and flies in residential areas of victims in Wudu earthquake areas

Objective To understand the effect of aerosol,smoke and mosquito coil against mosquitoes and flies in residential areas of victims.Methods Conventional efficacy trial.Results By monitoring density before and after treatment and comparing test with experimental group and control group,aerosol and smoke had rapid killing effect on mosquitoes and flies,mosquito coil had good effect on mosquitoes.Conclusion Aerosol and smoke can be used to kill mosquitoes and flies.Mosquito coil can be used to kill mosquitoes.
Clinical and Economic Burden of Mental Disorders Among Children With Chronic Physical Conditions, United States, 2008–2013

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of chronic physical and mental disorders is increasing among children and adolescents in the United States. In this study, we investigated the association between mental health disorders and chronic physical conditions among children, and we assessed whether having mental disorders is associated with increased health care costs for children with chronic physical conditions, using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2008 through 2013. METHODS Children aged 5 to 17 with at least 1 chronic physical condition were included in the study. Chronic physical conditions and mental disorders were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between mental disorders and chronic physical conditions, and we used generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log link to estimate direct medical costs. RESULTS Of 42,130 children, 4,640 had at least 1 chronic physical condition. After controlling for sociodemographic and health care access characteristics, we found that children with at least 1 chronic physical condition were 62% more likely to have a mental health disorder than were children without chronic physical conditions (odds ratio = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-1.92). Having a mental disorder was a significant predictor of total health care cost (β = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.85; P < .001). The adjusted annual incremental cost due to mental disorders among children with chronic physical conditions was $2,631 (P < .001). CONCLUSION Having chronic physical conditions in childhood is a significant predictor of mental health disorders and total health care expenditures.
Tolerability of Enteral Nutrition in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Septic Shock Who Require Vasopressors.

Purpose:Enteral nutrition (EN) is often held in patients receiving vasopressor support for septic shock. The rationale for this practice is to avoid mesenteric ischemia. The objective of this study...