cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What case reports can and cannot reveal.

Among the discussions that publishers and editors engage in without fail are the metrics of success for the traditional and new wave “journals” where discovery is delivered to the thirsty consumer, most of whom now prefer the click of a mouse to the touch of papyrus! One of the first discussions of this kind I recall had much to do with what kind of articles enjoy the “hit parade” and what type slip through the keyboard fated to the great hard disk in the sky—or maybe the molten core of our planet. Among this latter category of publications would be the case report. JARG welcomes the occasional case report that offers our readership a morsel to mull over, and we encourage authors of such submissions to use this as an opportunity to survey what is often a narrow or neglected field that might be deserving of a rebirth. With this backdrop, we feature three case reports this month that take us through past, present, and future dimensions of human ARTs.
Fat Studies, Binge Eating, Obesity and Health or Illness

Edited by Jacquelyn H. Flaskerud, RN, PhD, FAANSchool of Nursing, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USATwo recent news items (Healy, 2009; Rothblum, 2009) caught my att...
Explaining Asian Americans’ academic advantage over whites

The superior academic achievement of Asian Americans is a well-documented phenomenon that lacks a widely accepted explanation. Asian Americans’ advantage in this respect has been attributed to three groups of factors: (i) socio-demographic characteristics, (ii) cognitive ability, and (iii) academic effort as measured by characteristics such as attentiveness and work ethic. We combine data from two nationally representative cohort longitudinal surveys to compare Asian-American and white students in their educational trajectories from kindergarten through high school. We find that the Asian-American educational advantage is attributable mainly to Asian students exerting greater academic effort and not to advantages in tested cognitive abilities or socio-demographics. We test explanations for the Asian–white gap in academic effort and find that the gap can be further attributed to (i) cultural differences in beliefs regarding the connection between effort and achievement and (ii) immigration status. Finally, we highlight the potential psychological and social costs associated with Asian-American achievement success.
Influence of Particle Size and Soaking Conditions on Rheology and Microstructure of Amorphous Calcium Polyphosphate Hydrogel

Amorphous calcium polyphosphate (ACPP), an inorganic polymer ceramic, has shown promise as a drug delivery matrix following a repeat gelling protocol. This study described a simple method of preparing ACPP hydrogel in the presence of an excess volume of water. The increased water availability accelerates water molecule ingress and microstructural transformation of ACPP hydrogels. The impact of some experimental settings (soaking time, temperature, stirring, and ACPP particle size) on the physiochemical and rheological natures of ACPP hydrogel were investigated and from which possible hydrogel formation mechanisms were inferred. We believe that the formation of ACPP hydrogel is through the mechanisms of intermolecular ionic interaction and entanglement of polyphosphate chains. The potential application of ACPP hydrogel as a ceramic matrix for sustained drug release warrants further investigation.
Errors in a busy emergency department.

Abstract Study objective We describe errors occurring in a busy ED. Methods This is a prospective, observational study of reported errors at an academic emergency department (ED) with 100,000 annual visits. Trained personnel interviewed all ED staff with direct patient contact, during and at the end of every shift, by using standardized data sheets. Results One thousand nine hundred thirty-five ED patients registered during the 7-day study period in the summer of 2001. Four hundred error reports were generated, identifying 346 nonduplicative errors (18 per 100 registered patients; 95% confidence interval [CI] 15.9 to 20.0). Forty percent of errors were reported by nurses, 25% by providers, 19% by clerical staff, 13% by technicians and orderlies, and 3% multiple reporters. Errors reported for every 100 hours worked were similar for all groups (5.5; 95% CI 5.2 to 5.9). Errors were categorized as 22% diagnostic studies, 16% administrative procedures, 16% pharmacotherapy, 13% documentation, 12% communication, 11% environmental, and 9% other. Patients involved in errors were more likely to be older ( P P Conclusion Reported errors occurred in almost every aspect of emergency care. Ninety-eight percent of errors in the ED do not result in adverse outcomes. System changes need to be implemented to reduce ED errors.
ANCA-positive vasculitis associated with simvastatin/ezetimibe: expanding the spectrum of statin-induced autoimmunity?

Although autoimmune syndromes such as systemic lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis have been previously reported in association with statin use, vasculitis has not been well described. We present a patient with an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive, predominantly cutaneous vasculitis, the temporal course of which was associated with simvastatin/ezetimibe use. The patient’s serologic findings were consistent with drug-induced disease, with high titer antimyeloperoxidase, in addition to antinuclear and anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies. The patient demonstrated complete resolution of symptoms simply by withdrawing the drug.
TCP Over Optical Burst Switching: To Split or Not to Split?

TCP-based applications account for a majority of data traffic in the Internet; thus, understanding and improving the performance of TCP over optical burst switching (OBS) network is critical. In this paper, we identify the ill effects of implementing TCP over a hybrid network (IP-access and OBS-core). We propose a Split-TCP framework for the hybrid IP-OBS network to improve TCP performance. We propose two Split-TCP approaches, namely, 1:1:1 and N:1:N. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches over an IP-OBS hybrid network. Based on the simulation results, N:1:N Split-TCP approach outperforms all other approaches. We also develop an analytical model for end-to-end Split-TCP throughput and verify it with simulations.
The Effect of Ocean Tide Loading on Tides of the Solid Earth Observed with the Superconducting Gravimeter

Summary The superconducting gravimeter has been calibrated to an accuracy of 0-2 per celit and was used to measure the influence of the ocean tides on the tides of the solid earth at two locations in southern California. These measurements, which show a signal to noise ratio of 70db in the 1 and 2 cycle per day band, and the accurate calibration of the gravimeter make possible a quantitative test of ocean load calculations for the 0, and M, constituents and the ocean models upon which they are based. We have computed the ocean load effect by using Farrell's Green's functions and modifications of previously published ocean co-tidal charts. The agreement between observed and computed earth tides is within 0.2 per cent and corroborates the placement of an M, amphidrome at 1500 km southwest of San Diego. If the amplitudes of the computed tides are correct it also sets an upper limit of 0.1" on the phase shifts of the solid earth tides. We have also observed the loading effect on the coast due to the nonlinear MI ocean tide.
Current status and future directions: management of colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and although it carries a favorable prognosis when detected at early stages, it is associated with limited survival when metastatic disease is present. Modern systemic therapy has improved median survival in those patients with hematogenous dissemination, but the role of these newer combinations of cytotoxic chemotherapy and biological agents remains undefined in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy have resulted in long-term good outcomes for patients whose carcinomatosis can be completely removed, but offers no advantage over supportive care for those patients with incomplete tumor removal. At the present time, we lack proven therapeutic strategies on how to treat a patient newly diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. A large Phase III multi-institutional trial is being developed to address these issues, and will need full collaboration between me...
Interconnection complexity study for a piggy back WSHP GaAs systolic processor

The impact of interprocessor communication complexity in systolic arrays is considered. These issues are explored in the context of the design for a compact processor capable of processing 1000 billion systolic operations per second. The goal is to realize the processor in a compact wafer scale hybrid package (WSHP) using sixteen 8-in-diameter wiring substrates with roughly 70 systolic processor cells mounted in piggyback fashion on top of them. It is shown that except in the simplest cases the interprocessor wiring substrate may require some form of repair strategy to be fabricatable. In any case, some means for testing the substrate wiring will be required. The use of a focused ion beam and a means of accomplishing test and repair for a passive wiring substrate is briefly examined. >
Scripting and Security in Computer Networks and Web Browsers

The rapid growth of the Internet and its ability to offer services have made it the fastest-growing medium of communication today. Today’s and tomorrow’s business transactions involving financial data, product development and marketing, storage of sensitive company information, and the creation, dissemination, sharing, and storing of information are and will continue to be made online, most specifically on the Web. The automation and dynamic growth of an interactive Web has created a huge demand for a new type of Web programming to meet the growing demand of millions of Web services from users around the world. Some services and requests are tedious and others are complex, yet the rate of growth of the number of requests, the amount of services requested in terms of bandwidth, and the quality of information requested warrant a technology to automate the process. Script technology came in timely to the rescue. Scripting is a powerful automation technology on the Internet that makes the Web highly interactive.
Deriving Private Information from Association Rule Mining Results

Data publishing can provide enormous benefits to the society. However, due to privacy concerns, data cannot be published in their original forms. Two types of data publishing can address the privacy issue: one is to publish the sanitized version of the original data, and the other is to publish the aggregate information from the original data, such as data mining results. There have been extensive studies to understand the privacy consequence in the first approach, but there is not much investigation on the privacy consequence of publishing data mining results, although, it is well believed that publishing data mining results can lead to the disclosure of private information. We propose a systematic method to study the privacy consequence of data mining results. Based on a well-established theory, the principle of maximum entropy, we have developed a method to precisely quantify the privacy risk when data mining results are published. We take the association rule mining as an example in this paper, and demonstrate how we quantify the privacy risk based on the published association rules. We have conducted experiments to evaluate the effectiveness and performance of our method. We have drawn several interesting observations from our experiments.
Robust multi-sensor classification via joint sparse representation

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-task multi-variate (MTMV) sparse representation method for multi-sensor classification, which takes into account correlations between sensors simultaneously while considering joint sparsity within each sensor's observations. This approach can be seen as the generalized model of multi-task and multivariate Lasso, where all the multi-sensor data are jointly represented by a sparse linear combination of training data. We further modify our MTMV model by including a clutter noise term that is also assume to be sparse in feature domain. An efficient algorithm based on alternative direction method is proposed for both models. Extensive experiments are conducted on real data set and the results are compared with the conventional discriminative classifiers to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Social Science Contributions to Public Health: Overview

Social science contributions to public health have roots in nineteenth-century discourse on social medicine and health conditions of the poor. Development of the field accelerated beginning in the mid-twentieth century, bolstered by the emergence of chronic diseases as major health challenges. Significant theoretical and methodologic developments have enhanced the study and control of public health problems. Research and practice have emphasized individual health promotion through behavior change methodologies, along with increasing attention to social contextual influences. Interest in macro-level determinants of health has grown in recent decades, including the critical analysis of public health policy and practice.
Raphe neurons with sympathetic-related activity: Baroreceptor responses and spinal connections

We have previously used spike-triggered averaging to identify cat medullary raphe neurons with activity locked to the 2- to 6-cycles/s rhythm in sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) [Am. J. Physiol. 243 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 12): R49-R59, 1982]. In the present study, we classified such cat raphe neurons on the bases of their spinal connections and responses to baroreceptor reflex activation. Type I neurons, comprising 139 of 190 raphe units with activity related to inferior cardiac SND, were excited when carotid sinus pressure was elevated. The majority of these neurons were located in nucleus raphe pallidus. A time-controlled collision test for antidromic activation revealed that the axons of approximately one-third of type I neurons terminated in the sympathetic intermediolateral nucleus (IML) after coursing through the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) of the spinal cord. The axons of the remaining type I neurons did not project to the spinal cord. It is suggested that type I raphe neurons are involved in mediating sympathoinhibition at spinal and supraspinal levels. Importantly, type I unit discharge remained locked to SND when the phase relationship between baroreceptor afferent and sympathetic efferent activities was disrupted. Thus type I neurons are not simple interneurons in the afferent limb of the baroreceptor reflex arc. Apparently they also receive input from the generator of the 2- to 6-cycles/s rhythm in SND. Type II raphe neurons (n = 51) were inhibited when carotid sinus pressure was elevated. Although the axons of these neurons coursed through the spinal DLF, they did not terminate in IML. Whether type II neurons subserve a sympathoexcitatory function remains to be determined.
Introduction: Moral Markets - The Critical Role of Values in the Economy

This book calls into question the commonly held view of the economy as being dominated by greed and selfishness. The cartoon of greed is good is nearly ubiquitous in Western countries, and is often more strongly accepted in less developed nations. Yet, this pervasive belief is inconsistent with the scrutiny of scholars ancient and modern. This book draws these findings together to focus on how morals and markets connect to each other. It integrates thought from social philosophers like Aristotle and Adam Smith with current research in behavioral biology and neuroeconomics. This book also asks why economists, business-people, journalists, and the general public continue to believe in greed as the sole driver of trade in markets. The contributors seek to remedy this misapprehension by marshalling evidence across a variety of literatures.
The Importance of Defined Benefit Plans for Retirement Income Adequacy

According to EBRI estimates, the percentage of private-sector workers participating in an employment-based defined benefit plan decreased from 38 percent in 1979 to 15 percent in 2008. Although much of this decrease took place by 1997, there have been a number of recent developments that have made defined benefit sponsors in the private sector re-examine the costs and benefits of providing retirement benefits through the form of a tax-qualified defined benefit plan. However, these plans still cover millions of U.S. workers and have long been valued as an integral component of retirement income adequacy for their households. In this paper, EBRI’s Retirement Security Projection Model (RSPM) is used to evaluate the importance of defined benefit plans for households, assuming they retire at age 65. The paper shows the tremendous importance of defined benefit plans in achieving retirement income adequacy for Baby Boomers and Gen Xers. Overall, the presence of a defined benefit accrual at age 65 reduces the “at-risk” percentage by 11.6 percentage points. The defined benefit plan advantage (as measured by the gap between the two at-risk percentages) is particularly valuable for the lowest-income quartile but also has a strong impact on the middle class (the reduction in the at-risk percentage for the second and third income quartiles combined is 9.7 percentage points). The analysis also provides additional information on how the relative value of the defined benefit accruals impact retirement income adequacy. It should be noted that this analysis does NOT attempt to do a comparison between the relative effectiveness of defined benefit vs. defined contribution plans in providing retirement income adequacy; however, it does show that when the value of a defined benefit plan is analyzed for those without any future eligibility in a defined contribution plan, the impact on the at-risk ratings increases to 23.6 percentage points. In other words, for those households without future years of defined contribution eligibility, the presence of a defined benefit accrual at age 65 is sufficient to save nearly 1 out of 4 of these households in the Baby Boom and Gen X cohorts from becoming “at risk” of running short of money in retirement for basic expenses and uninsured medical expenses. The PDF for the above title, published in the August 2011 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another August 2011 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “The Impact of Repealing PPACA on Savings Needed for Health Expenses for Persons Eligible for Medicare.”
Assessing Effectiveness of Students Taking a Right Stand (STARS) Nashville Student Assistance Programs

Background: Since 1984, Students Taking a Right Stand (STARS) Nashville has implemented Student Assistance Programs (SAPs) in the middle Tennessee area, to include 14 counties and 16 school districts. STARS Nashville serves K–12 with a focus in middle and high schools. Methods: The current study reviewed studies that utilized quasi-experimental and experimental study designs, together with cross-sectional surveys to report the effectiveness of STARS Nashville SAPs. Results: STARS Nashville SAP has shown statistical significance in promoting positive attitudes toward non-use of alcohol and other drugs and non-rebelliousness and decreased alcohol and other drug use among students. Additional evaluation data indicate that STARS Nashville SAPs have reduced suspension (including violence-related suspension), improved attendance, improved grades, and prevented dropping out of school. Conclusions: STARS Nashville has demonstrated success among Hispanic and Asian ethnic groups and is most effective with Caucasian...
Environmental impacts of the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston coal ash spill. 1. Source apportionment using mercury stable isotopes.

Mercury stable isotope abundances were used to trace transport of Hg-impacted river sediment near a coal ash spill at Harriman, Tennessee, USA. δ202Hg values for Kingston coal ash released into the Emory River in 2008 are significantly negative (−1.78 ± 0.35‰), whereas sediments of the Clinch River, into which the Emory River flows, are contaminated by an additional Hg source (potentially from the Y-12 complex near Oak Ridge, Tennessee) with near-zero values (−0.23 ± 0.16‰). Nominally uncontaminated Emory River sediments (12 miles upstream from the Emory-Clinch confluence) have intermediate values (−1.17 ± 0.13‰) and contain lower Hg concentrations. Emory River mile 10 sediments, possibly impacted by an old paper mill has δ202Hg values of −0.47 ± 0.04‰. A mixing model, using δ202Hg values and Hg concentrations, yielded estimates of the relative contributions of coal ash, Clinch River, and Emory River sediments for a suite of 71 sediment samples taken over a 30 month time period from 13 locations. Emory Ri...
Nesting Behavior and Bionomics of a Solitary Ground-Nesting Wasp, Ammophila dysmica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae): Influence of Parasite Pressure

The nesting behavior and bionomics of Ammophila dysmica Menke were studied 1982-86 in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, Nevada County, Calif. The wasp is univoltine and protandrous. Females dig and provision nests from 0900 to 1900 hours PDT, with peaks in the late morning and late afternoon. A. dysmica excavates a shallow, unicellular nest and provisions it with one or two lepidopteran caterpillars. The time required to capture provisions varies seasonally, apparently in response to changes in availability of prey. Mortality factors for immatures included predation by ants, Formica spp., nest-raiding by conspecific females, and cleptoparasitism by the sarcophagid, Hilarella hilarella Zedterstedt, and the chrysidid, Argochrysis armilla Bohart. Partial life budgets are presented for 1983-86. The intensity of nest cleaning increases when cleptoparasites are detected; nest cleaning is somewhat effective in removing the larvae of H. hilarella but not the eggs of A. armilla . Specific features of nest-site selection, nest construction, cleaning, and defense, the sequence of activities in the nesting cycle, and the elaboration of a multilayered nest closure incorporating a discrete layer of arthropod carrion are discussed as possible responses to parasite pressure.
Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacilli Causing Bacteremia During Therapy

Treatment of serious infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam antimicrobial agents can induce Class I beta-lactamase production. This phenomenon can result in resistant microorganisms, and has been postulated to be a cause of therapeutic failure. The charts of patients bacteremic with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Proteus vulgaris, and Providencia species (n = 120) during a 3-year period were reviewed to determine how common the emergence of resistance was, and to determine if in vitro susceptibility testing was a reliable therapeutic guide. Emergence of resistance was believed to occur when a subsequent bacteremic isolate showed at least a fourfold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration accompanied by a change of interpretive susceptibility category. In the group of patients who survived at least 48 hours that received beta-lactam therapy (n = 76), one case of emergence of resistance was identified (1.3%). Emergence of resistance to beta-lactam antimicrobial agents did not commonly cause therapeutic failure at our institution, and susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli by usual methods was a reliable guide to antimicrobial therapy.
Consultation and Collaboration to Develop and Implement Restorative Practices in a Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Elementary School

ABSTRACTThrough an embedded single-case study design and qualitative methods, this article describes the school-wide implementation and preliminary results of a restorative practices (RP) program within a culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) elementary school. Located in an urban area with high rates of crime, violence, and poverty, the three-year multisystemic project brought school psychology knowledge and skills to (a) use multicultural consultation and participatory methods to introduce, adapt, and support RP in a CLD school, (b) present findings related to teachers, parents, students, and school climate, and (c) increase youth, parent, and community engagement and voice. The authors developed a comprehensive, culturally relevant model through an interdisciplinary school-university-community partnership. They used multicultural consultee-centered consultation, including bilingual/bicultural practices and cultural brokers, and participatory culture-specific intervention methods to collaborativel...
Pulmonary valve stenosis.

The clinical manifestations of pulmonary valve stenosis with an intact ventricular septum are determined by its severity.Often the patient is asymptomatic. The prognosis is generally good, depending on the severity of obstruction and pressure produced in the right ventricle. An angiocardiogram will delineate the morphology and, if operation is necessary, help to plan the surgical approach.
An Evolving Myocardial Infarction

Scenario: This is a routine postoperative 12-lead ECG waveform. The patient is an 85-year-old white woman who has been admitted to the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) after undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. In following with the cardiothoracic ICU’s critical care pathway, the patient should be aroused and extubated within the next 4 hours. ECG PUZZLER A regular feature of the American Journal of Critical Care, the ECG Puzzler addresses ECG interpretation for clinical practice. We welcome letters to the Editors regarding this feature.
Writing Computer-Aided Instruction Lessons: Some Practical Considerations

Computer-aided instruction has some absolute advantages over other modes of teaching. The computer can be utilized as an amplifier of a teacher’s effort since it can take an initial teaching program and apply it over and over again, reorganizing the text individually to meet the unique needs of each student. Another important advantage of CAI is that it can allow students to proceed at their own rates of speed, rather than one which is either convenient for the administration or designed for the “average” student. Given the educational advantages, it would appear that teachers would be active in utilizing this technology in their courses. However, this is not the case. Very little good material is available for use by today’s student, or to serve as a model for future lessons.
The effect of firms' structural designs on advertising and personal selling returns

Abstract Firms make substantial investments in advertising and personal selling to improve their performance, but it is unclear how returns on the promotional mix vary across different corporate-level organizational structures. This article identifies and integrates two structural designs that foster customer alignment, namely, structural type (i.e., organizing corporate-level business units around customer instead of product groups) and structural granularity (i.e., dividing a firm into smaller business units), then investigates how these customer-aligned structural designs moderate the effects of the promotional mix on firm performance. An analysis of 14 years of longitudinal, multisource, secondary data reveals that the performance effect of investments in advertising and personal selling are enhanced by customer-aligned structural designs. However, the synergistic effects of joint investments in advertising and personal selling get suppressed in customer-aligned structures because functional fragmentation results from internal inefficiencies and complexities. To specify the tensions involved across the different structures, the authors conduct a post hoc analysis and thereby derive organizational structure–specific guidelines.
Lessons from the October 2003. Wildfires in Southern California

The Southern California fires of late Oct. 2003 burned 742,000 ac and destroyed 3,361 homes and 26 lives. Factors leading up to this event were very different between forests, which comprised about 5% of the area burned, and shrublands. Three lessons are (1) although these fires were massive, they were not unprecedented, and future fires of this magnitude are to be expected; (2) the current fire management policy is not effective at preventing these massive fires; and (3) future developments need to plan for these natural fire events much the same way we currently incorporate engineering solutions to earthquakes and other natural catastrophes.
Huntington's Disease

The positron-emission tomography (PET) findings in a seven year old girl with the juvenile form of Huntington's disease are described from the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
A 3D finite element ALE method using an approximate Riemann solution

Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite volume methods that solve a multidimensional Riemann-like problem at the cell center in a staggered grid hydrodynamic (SGH) arrangement have been proposed. This research proposes a new 3D finite element arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian SGH method that incorporates a multidimensional Riemann-like problem. Here, two different Riemann jump relations are investigated. A new limiting method that greatly improves the accuracy of the SGH method on isentropic flows is investigated. A remap method that improves upon a well-known mesh relaxation and remapping technique in order to ensure total energy conservation during the remap is also presented. Numerical details and test problem results are presented.
Factors influencing gestation length, birth weight and calf survival of Angus, Zebu and Zebu cross beef cattle.

Day of birth in a calendar year (DB), gestation length (GL), birth weight (BW) and survival rate of calves (SR) were recorded for 4 years for single-sire matings of (1) Angus (A) and Brahman (B) sires to A, B, Brangus (BR) and Africander-Angus (AF) dams; (2) BR sires to BR dams, and (3) AF sires to AF dams, a total of four straightbred and six crossbred breed groups. Sex (S) differences were found for GL, BW and SR (P less than .05 to P less than .01), but not for DB (P greater than .05). Age of dam had no effect on GL but influenced DB (P less than .01), BW (P less than .01) and SR (P less than .05). Precalving weight of the dam influenced BW (P less than .01) but not GL. Birth weight was influenced by GL (P less than .01). Differences among breed groups were found for all traits. Purebred A had the shortest GL and the earliest BD, while purebred B had the longest GL, the latest BD, th lightest BW and the lowest SR of any of the breed groups. The BR and AF had higher BW but were generally intermediate to the A and B in other traits. Combined breed of sire and dam effects acccounted for most of the breed differences. The response and percentage heterosis obtained for such traits as DB and SR depended upon characteristics of the breeds involved and environmental factors such as date of breeding season and weather at calving. Heterosis calculated as a percentage of the A and B average was not significant for DB or GL but was 15% for BW and 14% for SR.
Inadequate target volume delineation and local–regional recurrence after intensity-modulated radiotherapy for human papillomavirus-positive oropharynx cancer

Abstract Purpose To perform a spatial analysis of local–regional recurrences, in relation to quantitative dose distribution, among patients treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal cancer. Methods and materials The records of 107 consecutive patients who presented for consideration of re-irradiation for local–regional recurrent disease occurring in a previously irradiated field were reviewed. The original IMRT plans were retrieved for those with HPV-positive disease originating from the oropharynx, and deformable image registration was used to fuse the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans obtained at recurrence to the pre-treatment planning computed tomography (CT) dataset. The recurrent tumor volume ( V recur ) was subsequently identified on axial imaging, and the dose of radiation received by V recur was then calculated and analyzed using dose–volume histograms. Results A total of 83 recurrent lesions occurring in 50 oropharyngeal cancer patients were HPV-positive and met inclusion criteria. Using PET-defined V recur , thirty-three lesions were classified as in-field recurrences (40%), 35 were marginal misses (41%), and 15 were true misses (18%). Using the MRI-defined V recur , thirty-seven lesions were classified as in-field recurrences (45%), 32 were marginal misses (39%), and 14 were true misses (17%). Conclusion A significant proportion of local–regional recurrences from HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer represented geographical misses which possibly could have been prevented with more meticulous attention to IMRT planning. This finding has important implications with respect to ongoing attempts to de-escalate radiation dose for this disease. Our data highlight the importance of robust quality assurance with careful review of target volumes prior to the initiation of IMRT.
Cell–cell adhesion accounts for the different orientation of columnar and hepatocytic cell divisions

Mitotic spindle alignment with the basal or substrate-contacting domain ensures that dividing epithelial cells remain in the plane of the monolayer. Spindle orientation with respect to the substratum is established in metaphase coincident with maximal cell rounding, which enables unobstructed spindle rotation. Misaligned metaphase spindles are believed to result in divisions in which one daughter loses contact with the basal lamina. Here we describe a rescue mechanism that drives substrate-parallel spindle alignment of quasi-diagonal metaphase spindles in anaphase. It requires a Rho- and E-cadherin adhesion–dependent, substrate-parallel contractile actin belt at the apex that governs anaphase cell flattening. In contrast to monolayered Madin–Darby canine kidney cells, hepatocytic epithelial cells, which typically feature tilted metaphase spindles, lack this anaphase flattening mechanism and as a consequence maintain their spindle tilt through cytokinesis. This results in out-of-monolayer divisions, which we propose contribute to the stratified organization of hepatocyte cords in vivo.
Framework of a Real-Time Adaptive Hypermedia System.

In this paper, we describe a framework for the design and development of a real-time adaptive hypermedia system. The framework leverages on the integration of conventional adaptive hypermedia techniques and ACT-R architecture which serves as the theoretical background for the cognitive model that monitors the interaction process between users and the system. The users’ information seeking skills in the hyperspace specified by their viewing patterns within the web pages and access patterns between the web pages are extracted from user tracing data. The user’s viewing patterns are discovered by analyzing their fixation sequences with eyePatterns. The user’s navigation strategies in the hyperspace are evaluated in terms of information foraging theory to serve as their access patterns. Both of these patterns are transformed into the knowledge stored in the cognitive model. Based on these interaction experiences between the user and the system, the cognitive model will re-arrange the presented information and the structure of the hyperspace in real time in order to facilitate the user to acquire valuable information as they perform information seeking tasks. Besides the flexible adaptability, this integration leads to the immediate feedback to assist the users’ cognitive process to accomplish their information seeking tasks. The effectiveness of a conventional adaptive hypermedia system has been enhanced to a great extent.
Building a better mouse trap: Creating patterns of learning

The classic game Mouse Trap has been sticking in my head lately. Many of you may remember playing it—that colorful maze that culminated in a plastic cage falling over the top of a brightly colored,...
Information recall in a virtual reality disability simulation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the sense of presence on one aspect of learning, information recall, in an immersive virtual reality (VR) disability simulation. Previous research has shown that the use of VR technology in education may facilitate improved learning outcomes, however, it is still an active research topic as the learning outcomes can vary widely. We hypothesized that a higher level of immersion and involvement in a VR disability simulation that leads to a high sense of presence will help the user improve information recall. To investigate this hypothesis, we conducted a between subjects experiment in which participants were presented information about multiple sclerosis in different immersive conditions and afterwards they attempted to recall the information. We also looked into whether there is any adverse effect of cybersickness on the information recall task in our disability simulation. The results from our study suggest that participants who were in immersive conditions were able to recall the information more effectively than the participants who experienced a non-immersive condition.
Loop models, modular invariance, and three-dimensional bosonization

We consider a family of quantum loop models in 2+1 spacetime dimensions with marginally long-ranged and statistical interactions mediated by a U$(1)$ gauge field, both purely in 2+1 dimensions and on a surface in a 3+1 dimensional bulk system. In the absence of fractional spin, these theories have been shown to be self-dual under particle-vortex duality and shifts of the statistical angle of the loops by $2\pi$, which form a subgroup of the modular group, PSL$(2,\mathbb{Z})$. We show that careful consideration of fractional spin in these theories completely breaks their statistical periodicity and describe how this occurs, resolving a disagreement with the conformal field theories they appear to approach at criticality. We show explicitly that incorporation of fractional spin leads to loop model dualities which parallel the recent web of 2+1 dimensional field theory dualities, providing a nontrivial check on its validity.
DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS BY ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC AND INVASIVE HEMODYNAMICS

Hemodynamic evidence of ventricular interdependence can distinguish constrictive pericarditis (CP) from other causes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A 53 y/o man with history of heart failure and remote history of pericarditis presented with several months of worsening
Boundary integral methods for dispersive equations, Airy flow and the modified Korteweg de Vries equation

In this paper, we implement interface tracking methods for the evolution of 2-D curves that follow Airy flow, a curvature-dependent dispersive geometric evolution law. The curvature of the curve satisfies the modified Korteweg de Vries equation, a dispersive non-linear soliton equation. We present a fully discrete space-time analysis of the equations (proof of convergence) and numerical evidence that confirms the accuracy, convergence, efficiency, and stability of the methods.
Light Field Imaging of Three-Dimensional Structural Dynamics

Real world structures, such as bridges and skyscrapers, are often subjected to dynamic loading and changing environments. It seems prudent to measure high resolution vibration data, in order to perform accurate damage detection and to validate and update the models and knowledge about the operating structure (aka finite element models). Many existing vibration measurement methods could be either low resolution (e.g., accelerometers or strain gauges), and time and labor consuming to deploy in field (e.g., laser interferometry). Previous work by Yang et al. has shown that low-cost regular digital video cameras enhanced by advanced computer vision and machine learning algorithms can extract very high resolution dynamic information about the structure and perform damage detection at novel scales in an relatively efficient and unsupervised manner. More interestingly this work used a machine learning pipeline that made minimal assumptions about lighting conditions or the nature of the structure in order to perform modal decomposition. The technique is currently limited to two dimensions if only one digital video camera is used. This paper uses light field imagers - a new camera system that captures the direction light entered the camera - to make depth measurements of scenes and extend the modal analysis technique proposed in Yang et al. to three dimensions. The new method is verified experimentally on vibrating cantilever beams with out of plane vibration, whose full-field modal parameters are extracted from the light field measurements. The experimental results are discussed and some limitations are pointed out for future work.
A New Generation of Composite Materials from Agro-Based Fiber

Agro-based fibers are classified according to what part of the plant they come from. Five different fiber classifications will be used in this report: (1) bast or stem fibers, which are the fibrous bundles in the inner bark of the plant stem running the length of the stem; (2) leaf fibers, which run the length of leaves; (3) seed-hair fibers; (4) core, pith or stick fibers, which form the low density, spongy inner part of the stem of certain plants; and (5) all other plant fibers not included above. Examples of bast or stem fibers include jute, flax, hemp, kenaf, ramie, roselle, and urena. Leaf fibers include banana, sisal, henequen, abaca, pineapple, cantala, caroa, mauritius, and phormium. Seed-hair fibers include coir, cotton, kapok, and milk weed floss. Core fibers represent the center or pith fibers of such plants as kenaf and jute and can represent over 85 percent of the dry weight of these plants. The remaining fibers include roots, leaf segments, flower heads, seed hulls and short stem fiber.
Lifting the Museum's Burden from the Backs of the University: Should the Art Collection Be Treated as Part of the Endowment Symposium: Tax-Exempt Organizations and the State: New Conditions on Exempt Status

A few universities in economic straits have recently attempted to sell artwork to address their financial woes, causing much consternation in the museum community. This Article relates the stories of some institutions' attempts to deaccession artworks, and explains why universities may suddenly perceive their art collections as important assets to monetize. It contends that the universities and their critics have fundamentally divergent conceptions of the role of the art collection in the university, which explains why they cannot agree on the legal responsibilities of universities vis-a-vis their art. The critics have a strong cultural-property conception that privileges art, while these universities see their collections as similar to other property they use in carrying out their programs. This article advocates a contextual approach for choosing among these conceptions. The legal regime that governs the responsibilities of university fiduciaries in managing and selling property generally depends on categorization as endowment or program-related property. Unfortunately, there is no clear law determining whether university art collections should be treated as endowment property subject to the statutory rules of investment responsibility, program-related property governed by fiduciary duties, or cultural property subject to its own unique standards. The Article concludes that university art collections are hybrid cultural-instrumental property, and that universities should be subject to a more flexible standard than museums in making deaccessioning decisions. It argues that university trustees would be faced with too great a fiduciary-duty conflict if subject to the stricter museum standard. To accommodate the cultural-property concerns, it proposes that trustees exercise a heightened level of attention when selling art, but retain their discretion to act in the best interests of the university. HeinOnline -44 New Eng. L. Rev. 541 2009-2010 NEW ENGLAND LAW REVIEW INTROD UCTION 542 I. Understanding the Deaccessioning Conflict 548 A. Practical Explanations for the University Deaccessioning T rend 54 8 B. Theoretical Source of the Struggle over University Art C ollections 55 1 C. The Consequences of Conceptualization as Cultural Property or Instrum ental Property 552 II. Context Should Determine Category 555 A. Cultural Property Is for Museums 555 B. University Art Collections Are Hybrid Cultural and Instrum ental Property 557 C. Legal Ramifications of Classification as Instrumental Assets.558 1. Endow m ent 560 2. Program -Related A ssets 565 3. L iabilities 573 CONCLUSION: PROPOSALS TO CLARIFY THE TREATMENT OF UNIVERSITY ART COLLECTIONS 575
Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts in Two Siblings Owing to Two Novel Mutations: Case Reports and Review of the Literature:

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts is a rare leukodystrophy characterized by macrocephaly and a slowly progressive clinical course marked by spasticity and cognitive decline. We report two full siblings with neuroimaging studies and clinical courses typical for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, in whom a pair of novel mutations in the MLC1 gene was identified. We review the current knowledge of this disorder in relation to the patients reported.
Kv2 potassium channels meet VAP.

A defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells is the presence of distinct intracellular membrane-bound compartments. Much research has focused on the functional interconnection of these organelles via membrane traffic. A flurry of recent studies, however, has brought to center stage the important role of interorganelle communication independent of vesicular transport and mediated by direct contacts (1⇓–3). At these sites, membranes are tethered to each other by protein–protein or protein–lipid interactions not leading to fusion. These contacts play a variety of functions, including regulation of ion fluxes across membranes and transport of lipids between participating organelles. In PNAS, Johnson et al. (4) provide yet another unexpected example of direct communication between two membranes: the binding of the plasma membrane (PM)-localized major delayed-rectifier voltage-gated K+ channels, Kv2.1 and Kv2.2, to VAMP-associated protein (VAP), an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Kv2.1 and Kv2.2 ( KCNB1 and KCNB2 ) channels are very abundant in the brain, where they play a major role in neuronal excitability. They form large clusters in the PM of neuronal cell bodies, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segments, and such clusters are at sites where the PM is tightly apposed to the ER (5). In the clusters, the cytosolic tails of the channels are in a phosphorylated state and the clusters disperse within minutes due to calcium-dependent dephosphorylation upon excessive excitatory stimulation or exposure to noxious conditions, such as hypoxia (6). While an amino acid stretch, referred to as the PRC (proximal restriction and clustering), was known to be required for clustering (7), how the PRC mediates clustering remained unclear. The ER is the most abundant intracellular membranous organelle. It comprises a system of tubules and cisterns that are continuous with each other and populate every cell compartment, including axon endings and dendritic spines in neurons … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: Pietro.decamilli{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Getting Repentance Right: Luther’s Reformation Refocused:

Luther’s Reformation began with a debate over proper repentance, a fact that tends to get overlooked in most accounts of its history. By focusing on a close reading of the first five of Luther’s “9...