cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated clinical trial eligibility prescreening: increasing the efficiency of patient identification for clinical trials in the emergency department.

Objectives (1) To develop an automated eligibility screening (ES) approach for clinical trials in an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED); (2) to assess the effectiveness of natural language processing (NLP), information extraction (IE), and machine learning (ML) techniques on real-world clinical data and trials. Data and methods We collected eligibility criteria for 13 randomly selected, disease-specific clinical trials actively enrolling patients between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2012. In parallel, we retrospectively selected data fields including demographics, laboratory data, and clinical notes from the electronic health record (EHR) to represent profiles of all 202 795 patients visiting the ED during the same period. Leveraging NLP, IE, and ML technologies, the automated ES algorithms identified patients whose profiles matched the trial criteria to reduce the pool of candidates for staff screening. The performance was validated on both a physician-generated gold standard of trial–patient matches and a reference standard of historical trial–patient enrollment decisions, where workload, mean average precision (MAP), and recall were assessed. Results Compared with the case without automation, the workload with automated ES was reduced by 92% on the gold standard set, with a MAP of 62.9%. The automated ES achieved a 450% increase in trial screening efficiency. The findings on the gold standard set were confirmed by large-scale evaluation on the reference set of trial–patient matches. Discussion and conclusion By exploiting the text of trial criteria and the content of EHRs, we demonstrated that NLP-, IE-, and ML-based automated ES could successfully identify patients for clinical trials.
Worker reentry safety. VIII. The determination of urinary metabolites—An index of human and animal exposure to nonpersistent pesticides

The identification and the quantitation of potential chemical pollutants and their metabolites in human adipose tissue, blood, and urine are of great importance for monitoring human exposure to these environmental contaminants.
Future opportunities in diabetic retinopathy research.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The risk of vision loss from diabetic retinopathy has fallen dramatically over the past 3 decades with improvements in diabetes and blood pressure treatments, and with advances in laser surgery and intraocular drug delivery. Nevertheless, diabetes continues to be a major cause of blindness. This study summarizes the state of the art in diabetic retinopathy research and provides a perspective on opportunities for future investigations. RECENT FINDINGS New insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy will improve metabolic control. Structure-function analyses are revealing new details of diabetic retinopathy. Intraocular drug therapy provides improved visual outcomes. Together these steps will yield better means to detect and quantify vision loss, and to develop patient-specific treatments to preserve vision for persons with diabetes. SUMMARY Retinopathy is one of the most successfully treated complications of diabetes and will continue to be an important area of research for patients and their families.
Uptake of 51 Cr- β -glycerophosphate by experimental brain tumor

A new radioactive compound the 51Cr-β-glycerophosphate complex, which accumulates in different types of tumor, has been assayed in mice transplanted subcutaneously with brain tumor. A very high tumor to brain uptake ratio was observed throughout the experiment (72 h). The optimal interval seemed to be between 6 and 24 h. The biochemical mechanism involved in the accumulation of the compound by the Tumor appeared to be more complex than a simple phosphomonoesterase action.
Build Height Effect on the Inconel 718 Parts Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an emerging metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology. It has been employed in many applications including propulsion components which are made of nickel-based superalloys, such as Inconel 718. In this study, the effect of the build height on the mechanical properties and microstructure of SLM-processed Inconel 718 parts was investigated. The samples were cut from the Inconel 718 build part after stress relief. They were prepared for microstructure observations and nanoindentation testing. The results are summarized as following. Young's modulus and hardness obtained from the nanoindentation tests are comparable with or superior to that from traditional manufacturing methods. In addition, there do not appear significant differences in mechanical properties along the build height of the parts, though the columnar grains of the side-surface specimens are narrower at the bottom layers of the part. Moreover, the texture analysis results imply no significant anisotropic characteristics for the mechanical properties between the scanning surface and the side surface of the build parts.
Mechanistic Determinants of the Acute Coagulopathy of Trauma (ACoT) in Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery

Abstract Abstract 3319 Introduction: Acute coagulopathy of trauma (ACoT) is a highly lethal phenomenon whose mechanisms have yet to be clearly defined. While likely multi-factorial, it has been reported to only occur in the presence of blunt injury. The purpose of this study was to identify variables that might influence or contribute to the early development of ACoT. Methods: Retrospective review of all patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center 01/2004–12/2009 who underwent emergent laparotomy. Emergent laparotomy was defined as laparotomy performed within two hours of admission. ACoT(+) was defined as arrival INR >= 1.5, while ACoT(−) was defined as arrival INR Results: 1218 patients were included, 337 (27%) presented with ACoT(+), 881 (73%) did not. The groups had similar demographics and pre-hospital and ED fluids. Arrival base deficit (median 8.5 vs. 4.0) and ISS (25 vs. 16) were higher in ACoT(+) as were intra-operative RBC (median 4 vs. 0 U) and plasma (3 vs. 0 U); all p Odds ratio 95% C.I. p-value Arrival base value 0.922 0.870, 0.978 0.007 Injury severity score 1.05 1.025, 1.083 Pre-hospital SBP, mmHg 0.98 0.968, 0.991 0.001 Conclusion: The current study found ACoT independently associated with metabolic (base deficit), physiologic (blood pressure) and anatomic insults (ISS). Attempts to address ACoT should focus on correcting each of these components. Moreover, contrary to prior data, 40% of ACoT(+) patients sustained penetrating mechanism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Creating ethical brands: the role of brand name on consumer perceived ethicality

A critical component of brand equity is consumer perceived ethicality (CPE) of the brand. Yet, little is known about how to create positive brand CPE. We offer that the starting point for creating brand CPE is with the brand-naming decision. Drawing on sound symbolism theory, we propose that certain brand name characteristics better convey ethicality. Two studies are conducted. Study 1 finds that higher frequency sounds in brand names better convey ethicality than lower frequency sounds. Study 2 finds that brand names can positively impact brand CPE in the presence of additional information, in particular, information that reflects negatively on the brand’s ethical behavior. These results suggest that marketers be more involved at the onset of creating an ethical brand image.
Understanding the Mechanisms of Recovery and/or Compensation following Injury

Injury due to stroke and traumatic brain injury result in significant long-term effects upon behavioral functioning. One central question to rehabilitation research is whether the nature of behavioral improvement observed is due to recovery or the development of compensatory mechanisms. The nature of functional improvement can be viewed from the perspective of behavioral changes or changes in neuroanatomical plasticity that follows. Research suggests that these changes correspond to each other in a bidirectional manner. Mechanisms surrounding phenomena like neural plasticity may offer an opportunity to explain how variables such as experience can impact improvement and influence the definition of recovery. What is more, the intensity of the rehabilitative experiences may influence the ability to recover function and support functional improvement of behavior. All of this impacts how researchers, clinicians, and medical professionals utilize rehabilitation.
Patterns of distribution, abundance, and change over time in a subarctic marine bird community

Abstract Over recent decades, marine ecosystems of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, have experienced concurrent effects of natural and anthropogenic perturbations, including variability in the climate system of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We documented spatial and temporal patterns of variability in the summer marine bird community in relation to habitat and climate variability using boat-based surveys of marine birds conducted during the period 1989–2012. We hypothesized that a major factor structuring marine bird communities in PWS would be proximity to the shoreline, which is theorized to relate to aspects of food web structure. We also hypothesized that shifts in physical ecosystem drivers differentially affected nearshore-benthic and pelagic components of PWS food webs. We evaluated support for our hypotheses using an approach centered on community-level patterns of spatial and temporal variability. We found that an environmental gradient related to water depth and distance from shore was the dominant factor spatially structuring the marine bird community. Responses of marine birds to this onshore-offshore environmental gradient were related to dietary specialization, and separated marine bird taxa by prey type. The primary form of temporal variability over the study period was monotonic increases or decreases in abundance for 11 of 18 evaluated genera of marine birds; 8 genera had declined, whereas 3 had increased. The greatest declines occurred in genera associated with habitats that were deeper and farther from shore. Furthermore, most of the genera that declined primarily fed on pelagic prey resources, such as forage fish and mesozooplankton, and few were directly affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Our observations of synchronous declines are indicative of a shift in pelagic components of PWS food webs. This pattern was correlated with climate variability at time-scales of several years to a decade.
#WakeUpAmerica, #IllegalsAreCriminals: the role of the cyber public sphere in the perpetuation of the Latino cyber-moral panic in the US

This project explores the influence of discursive interactions on driving moral panics by drawing on the theoretical strands of the public sphere and the white racial frame. We apply the framework ...
Abstract B27: Identifying therapeutic combinations with EGFR-targeted therapy through the generation of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout libraries in oral cancer cell lines

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a disease with poor survival. With recent characterization of the mutational landscape of OSCCs, there is great potential for personalized targeted therapies. However, to date utilization of targeted therapies in OSCC have had limited success with anti-EGFR therapy. Combinations of targeted therapies, which may have greater efficacy by inhibiting compensatory pathways, have not been well studied. To identify synergistic combinations with EGFR-targeted therapy, we introduced Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 Knock-Out (GeCKO) libraries into OSCC cell lines. CRISPR-Cas9 generates individual genetic knockouts through targeted gene editing, and by using a pool of CRISPRs targeting over 18,000 genes we can perform genome-scale screening for synergistic targetable pathways. Upon selection of the OSCC GeCKO pool, we identified that knockouts of genes in the FGFR pathway caused sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. We further investigated the possible synergistic effect of dual EGFR and FGFR inhibition with resazurin viability assays in 14 of our OSCC models. We found 6/14 (43%) of the models were responsive to the combination of EGFR and FGFR inhibition, indicating that the FGFR pathway could be an alternate mechanism of resistance to EGFR-targeted therapy. For further investigation of this combination, we again used CRISPR-Cas9 to generate an EGFR knockout (KO) OSCC cell line. This EGFR KO cell line retains sensitivity to FGFR inhibitors, and we expect that this cell line will be a useful tool in further evaluating the compensatory mechanism of the FGFR pathway. OSCC remains a common and frequently lethal cancer with great potential for the development of personalized targeted therapies. Here, we describe the use of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 library to discover the synergistic combination of EGFR and FGFR inhibition. Further investigation suggests the FGFR pathway as a common compensatory mechanism to EGFR inhibition. We hope to use this approach to identify additional compensatory mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies with the eventual goal of translating these findings to clinic. Citation Format: Megan Ludwig, Andrew Birkeland, Sai Nimmagadda, Sue Foltin, Hui Jiang, Thomas Carey, John Chad Brenner. Identifying therapeutic combinations with EGFR-targeted therapy through the generation of genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout libraries in oral cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B27.
Visualization aids for abstract concepts towards better learning outcomes

The engineering disciplines of industrial engineering, engineering management, and systems engineering are replete with abstract concepts without physical representations that are inherently difficult to learn. Hence, this study is motivated by engineering students' inability to understand abstract concepts and the need for continuous improvement of student learning. In this study, in the context of supply chain decisions making that is economically rational, we show how we constructed and analyzed an evidence-based, in-class example of visualization aids that help engineering students to develop better understanding of abstract concepts needed in engineering problem solving. Specifically, our example was implemented in a junior level undergraduate production systems course in an industrial engineering program, which covers the areas of supply chains and logistics. To see if the visualization aids that are designed to complement the traditional approach of mathematical derivations and numerical computations, we utilize a randomized-controlled design research framework implementing the visualization aids in a quiz. Namely, an intervention group of randomly selected students were always provided with visualization aids accompanying each problem whereas a control group of randomly selected students were not. students' quiz results from both groups were statistically compared, and the statistical analyses of results show that, within the scope of the aforementioned experiment and collected data, the visualization aids help students understand abstract concepts better. The insights obtained throughout this study from the design of the visualization aids to the implementation of them in an in-class quiz will be presented. Such insights will serve as guidelines for future educational research on visualization aids towards better student learning outcomes of abstract concepts.
Bifurcating American identity: partisanship, sexual orientation, and the 2016 presidential election

Although scholars of American nationalism debate whether its essence is civic, ethnic, or a civic–ethnic blend, the tendency is to presume it is a single, indissoluble phenomenon. Questioning that ...
A raytracing method to create inhomogeneous wave fields for collaborative virtual reality systems

A new rapid, raytracing method was developed and implemented for collaborative virtual reality systems. The goal of the method was to auralize historic acoustic venues in Rensselaer’s Collaborative-Research Augmented Immersive Virtual Environment Laboratory (CRAIVE-Lab). The CRAIVE-Lab provides a physical/digital environment for collaborative tasks using seamless video from multiple projectors and a 128-channel wave-field system with 6 additional ceiling loudspeakers. For the raytracing method, scanned floor plans are marked up by the user to create a two-dimensional geometric room model to calculate the temporal and spatial early-reflection pattern for the horizontal array of 128 loudspeakers resulting in an individual impulse response for each of the 128 loudspeakers. For this purpose, the loudspeaker array is virtually placed within the floor plan to calculate the impulse responses at each loudspeaker position considering the angles of incidence. The user can define wall materials and a directivity pat...
Effect of altering breathing frequency on maximum voluntary ventilation in healthy adults.

Compared to other pulmonary function tests, there is a lack of standardization regarding how a maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) maneuver is performed. Specifically, little is known about the variation in breathing frequency (fR) and its potential impact on the accuracy of test results. This study examines the effect of several preselected values for fR and one self-selected fR (fRself) on MVV. Ten participants performed MVV maneuvers at various fR values, ranging from 50 to 130 breaths·min− 1 in 10 breaths·min− 1 intervals and at one fRself. Three identical trials with 2-min rest periods were conducted at each fR, and the sequence in which fR was tested was randomized. Ventilation and related parameters were measured directly by gas exchange analysis via a metabolic measurement system. A third-order polynomial regression analysis showed that MVV = − 0.0001(fR)3 + 0.0258(fR)2–1.38(fR) + 96.9 at preselected fR and increased up to approximately 100 breaths·min− 1 (r2 = 0.982, P < 0.001). Paired t-tests indicated that average MVV values obtained at all preselected fR values, but not fRself, were significantly lower than the average maximum value across all participants. A linear regression analysis revealed that tidal volume (VT) = − 2.63(MVV) + 300.4 at preselected fR (r2 = 0.846, P < 0.001); however, this inverse relationship between VT and MVV did not remain true for the self-selected fR. The VT obtained at this fR (90.9 ± 19.1% of maximum) was significantly greater than the VT associated with the most similar MVV value (at a preselected fR of 100 breaths·min− 1, 62.0 ± 10.4% of maximum; 95% confidence interval of difference: (17.5, 40.4%), P < 0.001). This study demonstrates the shortcomings of the current lack of standardization in MVV testing and establishes data-driven recommendations for optimal fR. The true MVV was obtained with a self-selected fR (mean ± SD: 69.9 ± 22.3 breaths·min− 1) or within a preselected fR range of 110–120 breaths·min− 1. Until a comprehensive reference equation is established, it is advised that MVV be measured directly using these guidelines. If an individual is unable to perform or performs the maneuver poorly at a self-selected fR, ventilating within a mandated fR range of 110–120 breaths·min− 1 may also be acceptable.
Smart Boards, Money and the Pedagogy of Watching

I became seriously interested in Smart Boards the day my daughter brought home an invitation asking me to attend a $500-per-family dinner at the home of a local minor celebrity. The purpose was to fund the installation of Smart Boards in every classroom at my daughter’s public school. When I emailed the principal to express concern that this sort of invitation might be seen as exclusive, she said that she did not expect that all families could afford to attend, but that enough families would come to allow the school to buy Smart Boards for the last set of classrooms still using traditional white boards. She assured me that all children would benefit from this “fabulous” technology.
An explanation-based approach to generalizing number

An approach to generalizing number in explanation-based learning is presented. Generalizing number can involve generalizing such things as the number of entities involved in a concept or the number of times some action is performed. This issue has been largely ignored in previous explanation-based learning research. Instead, other research has focused on changing constants into variables and determining the general constraints on those variables. In the approach presented, generalization to N is triggered by the detection of inference rules of a specified syntactic form. When one is found, it is extended into the rule that results from an arbitrary number of repeated applications of the original rule. If the preconditions of the extended rule are met, the results of multiple applications of the original rule are immediately determined. There is no need to apply the underlying rule successively, each time checking if the preconditions for the next application are satisfied.
Predicting User Engagement in Longitudinal Interventions with Virtual Agents

Longitudinal agent-based interventions only work if people continue using them on a regular basis, thus identifying users who are at risk of disengaging from these applications is important for retention and efficacy. We develop machine learning models that predict long-term user engagement in three longitudinal virtual agent-based health interventions. We achieve accuracies of 74% to 90% in predicting user dropout in a given prediction period of the intervention based on the user's past interactions with the agent. Our models contain features related to session frequency and duration, health behavior, and user-agent dialogue content. We find that the features most predictive of dropout include number of user utterances, percent of user utterances that are questions, and the percent of user health behavior goals met during the observation period. Ramifications for the design of virtual agents for longitudinal applications are discussed.
The constitutional case against the Citizenship Amendment Bill

The Lok Sabha passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill on 8 January 2019. In fact, the central government had started taking small and discreet steps towards the enactment and implementation of the law since 2015 itself. The bill violates the Constitution because the classification it adopts is manifestly arbitrary and unjustified. Citizenship law defines a country’s political and constitutional identity. Laying down rules that determine membership in our political community only on the basis of one’s religious beliefs completely violates this principle.
Crowd funding dynamics for venture and innovation development

This study explores the dynamics of crowd funding mechanisms to support venture development in Thailand. Under the policy of moving the country towards 'Thailand 4.0', the Thai government has placed importance on value-based economy and innovation driven economy. The empirical analyses, based on the national innovation system (NIS) approach, have shown that the Thai government plays a key role in building a crowd funding platform to provide entrepreneurial finance for start-ups. The findings point out the barriers both at the policy and operation levels underlying the Thai financial innovation system. The paper provides insightful lessons and implications to strengthen the FinTech crowd funding platform for promoting knowledge intensive economic growth.
Abstract P119: Gap Between Need and Supply for Hypertension Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Background: The ‘Resolve to Saves Lives’ initiative aims to save 100 millions lives, in part by improving hypertension control. Since only physicians can prescribe antihypertensive medication in mo...
Cross-Site Analysis of Teaching Practices: Visual Art Education With Students Experiencing Disabilities

Classroom life as well as instructional and managerial strategies used by 8 art teachers of students experiencing disabilities were the focus of this descriptive study. Also examined were curricular objectives and activities used by these teachers. Both segregated and integrated art education settings were observed, and teachers were interviewed. It was found that a balanced, comprehensive art curriculum including teaching for expressive and responsive learning objectives is possible with all students. It is recommended that teacher education place an emphasis on similarities in students, on instructional strategies which work for inclusion rather than separation, and on a comprehensive art curriculum rather than “special” activities.
Preveraison Leaf Removal Changes Fruit Zone Microclimate and Phenolics in Cold Climate Interspecific Hybrid Grapes Grown under Cool Climate Conditions

Changes in grape cluster microclimate during ripening have been explored extensively across Vitis vinifera cultivars, but there is limited information about its effect on cold climate interspecific hybrid grape (CCIHG) cultivars grown under cool climate conditions. The influence of a single preveraison leaf and lateral shoot removal (“exposed”) treatment on fruit zone microclimate and juice total phenolic concentration (TPC), monomeric anthocyanin concentration (MAC), and percent polymeric color was evaluated in the white cultivars Brianna and La Crescent and the red cultivars Frontenac, Marquette, and Petite Pearl over three consecutive growing seasons and in their respective wines in the last year of the study. Treatment effect on juice TPC in the white cultivars was cultivar-dependent, and there was no detectable treatment effect on wine TPC. For the red cultivars Frontenac, Marquette, and Petite Pearl, the exposed treatment increased the TPC, MAC, and percent polymeric color in the wines. The beneficial influence of the exposed treatment on MAC, TPC, percent polymeric color, and titratable acidity was associated with increased berry temperature and photosynthetically active radiation in the fruiting zone. The cultural practice of a single preveraison leaf and lateral shoot removal may be an effective strategy to improve red wine color stability of CCIHG cultivars grown under cool climate conditions.
Outflows from inflows: the nature of Bondi-like accretion

The classic Bondi solution remains a common starting point both for studying black hole growth across cosmic time in cosmological simulations and for smaller scale simulations of AGN feedback. In nature, however, there will be inhomogenous distributions of rotational velocity and density along the outer radius ($R_o$) marking the sphere of influence of a black hole. While there have been many studies of how the Bondi solution changes with a prescribed angular momentum boundary condition, they have all assumed a constant density at $R_o$. In this Letter, we show that a non-uniform density at $R_o$ causes a meridional flow and due to conservation of angular momentum, the Bondi solution qualitatively changes into an inflow-outflow solution. Using physical arguments, we analytically identify the critical logarithmic density gradient $|\partial{\ln{\rho}}/\partial{\theta}|$ above which this change of the solution occurs. For realistic $R_o$, this critical gradient is less than 0.01 and tends to 0 as $R_o \rightarrow \infty$. We show using numerical simulations that, unlike for solutions with an imposed rotational velocity, the accretion rate for solutions under an inhomogenous density boundary condition remains constant at nearly the Bondi rate $\dot{M}_B$, while the outflow rate can greatly exceed $\dot{M}_B$.
Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Brefeldin A

Many aspects of the mechanism of action of cholera toxin (CT), the causative agent of cholera are well established (Fishman, 1990). CT consists of a pentameric B subunit which binds to ganglioside G Ml on the cell surface and an A subunit which activates adenylyl cyclase. The latter process involves the reduction of A to Al peptide which ADP-ribosylates the stimulatory G protein, GS of adenylyl cyclase. There is a distinct lag phase of 15 to 20 minutes between toxin binding and its activation of adenylyl cyclase. Little is known, however, about events during this lag including where Al is generated and how it gains access to GS on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. In an attempt to identify those steps involved in the intracellular processing of CT and the site of CT-A reduction to the Al peptide, we have employed several known inhibitors of intracellular trafficking to study their effects on the response of human SK-N-MC neurotumor and CaCo-2 intestinal tumor cells to CT. Chloroquine and monensin affect intracellular trafficking by increasing endosomal and lysosomal pH. Monensin is also known to effect glycoprotein processing in the Golgi. Concentrations of chloroquine and monensin as high as 400 μM and 10 μM respectively, had little or no effect on CT stimulation of cyclic AMP in either cell line. Brefeldin A (BFA) however, totally inhibited the response to CT in a time, dose-dependent, and reversible manner with an IC50 of 30 ng mL−1.
Combined Deterministic-Stochastic Online Subspace Identification for Power System Mode Estimation and Oscillation Classification

Measurement-based methods for power system oscillatory mode estimation provide situational awareness and operational strategies to ensure overall grid stability. This paper presents a combined deterministic-stochastic framework for online identification of oscillatory modes using synchrophasors data. The proposed method recursively solves the deterministic-stochastic model structure and addresses the issues related to the online implementation of such an oscillation monitoring tool. Further, it utilizes the input information obtained from measurements to characterize and classify oscillations (natural or forced). Simulation results from two area test system and IEEE 68 bus test system show the potential advantage of the proposed method.
The Safety and Effectiveness of Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Sonography in Chinese Children—A Single Center and Prospective Study in China

Background and Objective: Intravenous contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), using the second-generation ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue®, has been widely used in adults. In 2016, it was approved for pediatric applications by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, it has not been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of CEUS in children prospectively at a single center in China. Methods: A total of 312 cases of Chinese children were enrolled in clinical trials. Contrast agent was given intravenously with two different doses, including 2.4 ml/time and 0.03 ml/kg. All CEUS was performed for evaluating adverse effect and the diagnostic accuracy compared with the pathology and enhanced CT. Results: All 312 subjects underwent CEUS successfully. The dose of contrast agent for CEUS was 2.4 ml between November 2015 and June 2016, which was modified to 0.03 ml/kg between July 2016 and April 2019, according to the recommendation of the FDA. With the two different doses of the contrast agent, the heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure of the participants had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) before and after administration. The blood pressure had been significantly decreased in participants who received combined anesthetic administration. Following 600 intravenous injections of the CEUS, there were three cases of transient rash and three cases of hypotension (n = 6, 1.92%). The six recovered quickly after receiving intravenous methylprednisolone and epinephrine. Most of the studies were performed for evaluating renal microcirculation and assisting renal biopsy (192/312 [61.5%]), which together had a 98.9% effectiveness in the identification of pathology in the specimens. Some studies were conducted to identify a mass in the liver, retroperitoneum, abdominal cavity, kidneys, testicles, thyroid, and so on (99/312 [31.4%]), which had a 97.6% accuracy. The other studies were conducted to identify trauma, vascular malformation, infection, hemorrhage, and so on (21/312 [6.73%]), which had a similar accuracy to enhanced CT. Conclusion: The adverse effects of CEUS in children are similar to that in adults. The results indicate that it is safe to use SonoVue® for CEUS in pediatric patients.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Following Carotid Endarterectomy

Post carotid endarterectomy seizures as a result of hyperperfusion syndrome are well known. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus following carotid endarterectomy manifesting as decreased mental response and akinetic mutism mimicking post carotid endarterectomy stroke occurred in a patient with severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis and contralateral internal carotid occlusion. Prompt confirmation of diagnosis by EEG and timely institution of anti-seizure medications resulted in satisfactory outcome.
The Microstrip SQUID Amplifier in ADMX

The Axion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) relies equally on a low physical temperature T and low amplifier noise temperature TN to achieve a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The low noise amplifier is a Microstrip SQUID Amplifier (MSA) with TN of 200 mK, which compares favorably with the best available cryogenic transistor-based amplifiers with a TN of 1.5 K, allowing a search rate up to 56 times faster, depending on T. Here we present the operating principles of the MSA and some practical considerations of MSA design in a way we hope is accessible to those not otherwise familiar with superconducting electronics or amplifier design.
ARIEL: Autonomous Excavation Site Selection for Europa Lander Mission Concept

This paper presents ARIEL (Autonomous Ranking and Interrogation of Excavation Location), an autonomy system for selecting an excavation site on-board for NASA's Europa Lander Mission Concept. Historically, excavation site selection has been performed by a lengthy ground-in-the-loop (GITL) process involving manual inspections, assessments, and decision making in past missions. However, as Europa Lander would have approximately 20 days of lifetime after the landing, many surface activities, including excavation site selection, must be autonomously performed on-board. This paper describes the overall system of ARIEL as well as its two major algorithmic components: vision-based candidate selection and smart interrogation, which estimates the physical properties of the icy surface through physical contact with the robotic arm's end-effector. Preliminary results are presented using images from Earth analogue sites. The Europa Lander mission returned to the formulation phases in early 2019 while ARIEL was at an early stage of development. Described in this paper is a snapshot of ARIEL as of the project suspension. This paper also describes the remaining challenges to be solved, should the mission resume in the future.
Warfarin Dose Requirements in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection: A Retrospective Case Series.

Purpose:To describe the impact of hospitalization with COVID-19 infection on warfarin dose requirements in adult inpatients.Summary:A retrospective chart review of 8 adults on warfarin admitted to ...
Maximal Abelian Subgroups of the Finite Symmetric Group

‎Let $G$ be a group‎. ‎For an element $ain G$‎, ‎denote by $cs(a)$ the second centralizer of~$a$ in~$G$‎, ‎which is the set of all elements $bin G$ such that $bx=xb$ for every $xin G$ that commutes with $a$‎. ‎Let $M$ be any maximal abelian subgroup of $G$‎. ‎Then $cs(a)subseteq M$ for every $ain M$‎. ‎The emph{abelian rank} (emph{$a$-rank}) of $M$ is the minimum cardinality of a set $Asubseteq M$ such that $bigcup_{ain A}cs(a)$ generates $M$‎. ‎Denote by $S_n$ the symmetric group of permutations on the set $X={1,ldots,n}$‎. ‎The aim of this paper is to determine the maximal abelian subgroups of $gx$‎ ‎of $cor$~$1$ and describe a class of maximal abelian subgroups of $gx$ of $cor$ at most~$2$‎.
Right Ventricular Infarction Presenting With Refractory Hypoxia Due to Shunting Across a Patent Foramen Ovale

Right ventricular infarction is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we report a case of right ventricular infarction associated with persistent hypoxia due to acute right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
Creating Community in EdD Programs during COVID-19: Challenges, Strategies, and Opportunities

Building community in online EdD programs can be a challenge, and the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of doing so. In this essay, we will situate community building within the larger Community of Inquiry framework and focus on the element of social presence. By understanding more about the various aspects of social presence, faculty who design and deliver online programs can build stronger learning communities with and for their EdD students.
Multivariate Bayesian clustering using covariate-informed components with application to boreal vegetation sensitivity

Climate change is impacting both the distribution and abundance of vegetation, especially in far northern latitudes. The effects of climate change are different for every plant assemblage and vary heterogeneously in both space and time. Small changes in climate could result in large vegetation responses in sensitive assemblages but weak responses in robust assemblages. But, patterns and mechanisms of sensitivity and robustness are not yet well understood, largely due to a lack of long-term measurements of climate and vegetation. Fortunately, observations are sometimes available across a broad spatial extent. We develop a novel statistical model for a multivariate response based on unknown cluster-specific effects and covariances, where cluster labels correspond to sensitivity and robustness. Our approach utilizes a prototype model for cluster membership that offers flexibility while enforcing smoothness in cluster probabilities across sites with similar characteristics. We demonstrate our approach with an application to vegetation abundance in Alaska, USA, in which we leverage the broad spatial extent of the study area as a proxy for unrecorded historical observations. In the context of the application, our approach yields interpretable site-level cluster labels associated with assemblage-level sensitivity and robustness without requiring strong a priori assumptions about the drivers of climate sensitivity.
“Nos Somos Emigrantes Non Defraudadores”: Central American Immigrant Youth Exploring Linguistic and Political Borders in a U.S. High School Through Multimedia Narrativity

More than 100,000 Central American youth have migrated alone to the United States across the Mexico-U.S. border. Referred to as “unaccompanied minors,” many of the youth are faced with boundary producing processes within the struggling U.S. school systems they attend, including linguistic and political boundaries. Part of a larger ethnographic case study of a North Eastern U.S High School serving approximately 400 Central American youth, this chapter discusses boundaries as encompassing more than geopolitical territorial borders, and considers the manifestations of social practice and discourse, such as, how boundaries manifest in educational institutions, through narratives, and through symbolic domains. More specifically, this chapter examines the role of digital narratives/testimonios the youth tell as a pedagogical space for the sharing of their common experiences, histories, and memories. More importantly the chapter considers how through multimedia narrativity the youth can come to understand their social worlds, and begin to construct identities and to contest political processes. Overall, this chapter explores how public education contributes to border producing practices, and how shifts in curricula can provide support for youth to negotiate transnational identities, explore new languages and knowledge, and to navigate their new schooling systems and communities.
The Use of Infrared Thermal Imaging to Determine Functional Nasal Adequacy: A Pilot Study.

Objective The goal of this study was to establish a numeric threshold to separate functional from substantially obstructed noses using comparisons of thermal imaging and subjective scores. Study Design An inexpensive smartphone application and hardware attachment that uses infrared thermal imaging was tested to differentiate between substantial nasal blockage from an adequately functioning nose. Setting Sequential adult participants who presented to a public hospital otolaryngology clinic between June and August 2018 were asked to complete the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) tool. Methods A thermal video imaging device was used to record the difference in temperature (ΔT) between inspired (I) and expired (E) air at each nostril. The nostril ΔT between I and E air of patients with severe obstruction by the subjective measure (NOSE score) was compared with that of patients with minimal symptoms. Results A total of 26 participants were enrolled in the study. During normal respiration, Total ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean of 9.0, whereas the Total ΔT for the obstructed group had a mean of 7.69, a 17% difference that was statistically significant at P = .045. For the worst-performing nostril tested, ΔT for the nonobstructed group had a mean/median of 4°C, while the obstructed group had a mean of 3.23°C (median 3; 23.8% difference, P = .023). Conclusion Measures of thermal imaging, particularly at the threshold between the median scores of the worst-performing nostril, may be a useful clinical test to differentiate between a substantially obstructed nose from an adequately functioning nose, although more data are required.
Problems of regional management of innovative food industry development

The article describes the need to consider management of innovative food industry development at all levels of national economy. Management of innovative potential of regional economic entities is considered as a set of processes and activities of management cycle, forms, and methods of its organization, aimed at ensuring innovative development of economic entities, achieving formulated mission and innovative goals using a focused impact on innovative potential components.Organizational structure of state management of innovative potential is also described. Horizontalvertical structure of innovative potential management of regional economic entities of Russian food industry is based on this structure. It is described in the context of all levels of national economy. Innovative potential of regional economic entities is managed according to the principle of complexity, systemicity, goal commitment and continuality. A resource-based approach has been identified for innovation capacity management process.
Reinforcing effects of central ethanol injections in newborn rat pups.

Background: Newborn rat pups readily ingest ethanol of low to moderate concentrations and are sensitive to its reinforcing effects. Given that early ethanol exposure can promote its future abuse, it is vital to discover the mechanisms behind reinforcing effects of ethanol at this stage of life. Methods: Cesarean-delivered 3- to 4-hour-old rat pups were exposed to lemon odor (unconditioned stimulus) either paired or explicitly unpaired with central injections of saline or ethanol (25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg%) in a volume of 1 μL. One hour following conditioning subjects were tested on a surrogate nipple providing water in the presence of lemon odor. Reinforcement from ethanol's central effects was indexed by significantly greater attachment time on a lemon-scented nipple in paired subjects than in unpaired or saline controls. Results: Rats centrally injected with 25 to 200 mg% ethanol in the presence of lemon odor spent significantly more time attached to a lemon-scented surrogate nipple providing water than did their saline-injected or unpaired counterparts. Those injected with 400 mg% ethanol did not differ from their corresponding controls. No detectable brain alcohol content was found in the assay of whole brain for ethanol levels. Conclusions: These results indicate that 3- to 4-hour-old rat pups find central injections of 25 to 200 mg% ethanol reinforcing. This procedure virtually eliminates ethanol's chemosensory or caloric attributes as the source of ethanol reinforcement. The present classical olfactory conditioning paradigm can be used to further study mechanisms of this apparently pharmacological reinforcement by ethanol in newborn rat pups.
Interfacial activity of liquid/liquid extraction reagents—II:: Quaternary ammonium salts☆

Gibbs' absorption curves for tridodecylmethylammonium and trioctylmethylammonium salts in o-xylene vs an aqueous phase which was 2M in the corresponding acid were performed at 25°C. The effect on interfacial activity from changing dodecyl to octyl groups was experimentally imperceptable but salts with different anions had substantially different Gibbs' curves. Interfacial activity was found to increase in the order ClO4− < CH3CO2− < NO3− < Cl−. Parameters that affect the interfacial properties of these compounds (i.e. aggregation, repulsive and attractive forces in the bulk and at the interface) are discussed.
Reversal of fortune for Drosophila geneticists

Although Drosophila is a wonderful model organism, there is one molecular arena where it lags far behind its yeast and mouse model counterparts. Reverse genetics, whereby a piece of DNA is integrated into a target gene such that the gene is disrupted or replaced, is not easy in Drosophila. As Engels explains in his provocative Perspective, this may be set to change with the description of a new method for reverse genetics in Drosophila (Rong and Golic). This new technique should ensure that Drosophila remains the darling of geneticists for many years to come.
Future regime shift in feedbacks during Arctic winter

[i] The Arctic is among the regions where climate is changing most rapidly today. Climate change is amplified by a variety of positive feedbacks, many of which are linked with changes in water vapor, cloud cover, and other cloud properties. We use a global climate model to examine several of these feedbacks, with a particular emphasis on determining whether there are significant temporal changes in these feedbacks that would make them stronger or weaker during the 21st century. The model results indicate that one of the significant positive feedbacks on Arctic surface air temperature in winter weakens substantially toward the end of the 21st century. The feedback loop begins with a temperature increase that produces increases in water vapor, cloud cover, and cloud optical depth which increase the downward longwave flux by 30 Wm -2 by 2060 which then increases the surface air temperature.