cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improved coronary disease detection with quantitative attenuation-corrected Tl-201 images.

The normal distribution of myocardial tracer activity is different in attenuation-corrected images compared with uncorrected images. We therefore postulated that quantitation of attenuation-corrected thallium 201 images with direct comparison to a database of healthy subjects could improve detection of coronary artery stenoses. In 49 patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and 69 patients with a less than 5% likelihood of coronary artery disease, tomographic Tl-201 myocardial imaging was performed by means of a triple-headed camera with fan-beam collimators and the images were processed with attenuation correction, with attenuation and Compton scatter correction, and without correction. Images were subjectively interpreted in a blinded manner. From the group of 69 patients with a low likelihood of coronary disease, scintigraphic data from the first 20 men and the first 20 women were used to generate normal reference ranges for each of the 3 image-processing methods. Data from the 49 patients with angiographic coronary disease and from the remaining 29 patients with a low likelihood of coronary disease were then analyzed quantitatively in comparison to the gender-matched normal databases. With visual interpretation, attenuation-corrected images yielded an improved detection rate compared with uncorrected images (79% vs 46%, P = .008) for 70% or greater left anterior descending coronary artery stenoses. Attenuation-corrected images also provided an improved normalcy rate for the right coronary artery territory (91% vs 75%, P = .006) and an improved normalcy rate when the images were analyzed overall by patient (88% vs 74%, P = .009). With quantitative analysis, attenuation correction yielded an improved detection rate for patients with a significant coronary artery stenosis compared with uncorrected images (90% vs 71%, P = .016). Defect extent was also increased by attenuation correction. Compared with attenuation correction alone, the addition of scatter correction yielded no incremental improvement in detection rate or normalcy rate. Attenuation-scatter correction did produce a nonsignificant trend toward detection of more of the total number of stenotic arteries compared with uncorrected images (60 vs 48 of 79 arteries). With the use of a triple-headed camera with fan-beam collimation, visual analysis of attenuation-corrected Tl-201 images improved detection of left anterior descending coronary artery disease without loss of detection in other coronary territories. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of attenuation-corrected Tl-201 images improved the overall detection rate for coronary artery disease in patients without compromise of the normalcy rate.
ABSENCE OF ANOMALOUS AVERAGES IN SYSTEMS OF FINITE NONZERO THICKNESS OR CROSS SECTION.

It is shown that doubts concerning the validity of previous proofs that anomalous averages cannot occur in three-dimensional systems of finite cross section or thickness are unfounded. The absence of anomalous averages in Bose systems of finite cross section is explicity demonstrated to illustrate the point.
Differential saturation of Pacific Northwest and Southeast (USA) fish assemblages

Plots of local versus regional richness have been used to test whether assemblages are ‘saturated’ with species. However, the validity of these tests is limited by scale-dependence and arbitrarily defined sampling units, statistical autocorrelation between local and regional richness data, and the confounding effects of propagule pressure. In this study, local versus regional richness plots were used to test the saturation hypothesis for Pacific Northwest and Southeast (USA) fish assemblages, taking care to account for each of the above problems. Specifically, longitudinal river zones were used to ensure that the regional sampling units were not scale-dependent or biologically arbitrary. A log-ratio transformation was used to remove autocorrelation from the local and regional richness data. And a comprehensive fish stocking database was used to account for propagule pressure. Results suggest that the Pacific Northwest fish assemblages, which have low native richness, are not saturated, but the species-rich Southeast assemblages are at or approaching saturation.
Tyramine-Mediated Activation of Sympathetic Nerves Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Humans

Context: Older studies have shown that high doses of norepinephrine infused into human subjects can inhibit insulin secretion. Similar inhibition during electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves in animals raises the possibility that the suppression of insulin secretion seen in humans could reflect a physiological effect of sympathetic nerves on islet β-cells. However, a direct test of the hypothesis that moderate and selective activation of these nerves is sufficient to inhibit insulin secretion in humans is lacking. Objective: We sought to test this hypothesis by releasing moderate amounts of endogenous norepinephrine selectively from the sympathetic nerves of normal human subjects by infusing them with low doses of the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine. Methods: During a single study visit, 11 healthy subjects received iv injections of arginine either alone or in combination with a low-dose tyramine infusion. Physiological (blood pressure) and biochemical (insulin, glucose, and norepinephrine)...
On QSO Distances and Lifetimes in a Local Model

It was previously shown from the redshifts and positions of the compact, high-redshift objects near the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068 that they appear to have been ejected from the center of the galaxy in at least four similarly structured triplets. Here some of the consequences of assuming such a local model for QSOs are examined. From the ages of the ejection events it is found that in a relatively short time (10 - 100 million years) the intrinsic redshift component in these objects disappears and their luminosity increases to a value close to that of a normal galaxy. This period may then determine the approximate lifetime of a QSO and, in this scenario, QSOs may represent the first, short-lived stage in the life of a galaxy. It is shown that when QSOs are assumed to be "local", their generation rate is found to be constant throughout the age of the Universe. There is no need to invoke an epoch of enhanced, high-luminosity QSO production as is required if their redshifts are assumed to be purely cosmological. Because QSO lifetimes are relatively short (less than 100 million yrs), an initial event (Big Bang) may still be required to explain the high-redshift galaxies whose intrinsic redshift component will have long since disappeared. The Hubble expansion is therefore still expected to apply for normal galaxies.
Elementary Steps of Syngas Reactions on Mo2C(001): Adsorption Thermochemistry and Bond Dissociation

Density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio thermodynamics are applied in order to investigate the most stable surface and subsurface terminations of Mo{sub 2}C(001) as a function of chemical potential and in the presence of syngas. The Mo-terminated (001) surface is then used as a model surface to evaluate the thermochemistry and energetic barriers for key elementary steps in syngas reactions. Adsorption energy scaling relations and Broensted-Evans-Polanyi relationships are established and used to place Mo{sub 2}C into the context of transition metal surfaces. The results indicate that the surface termination is a complex function of reaction conditions and kinetics. It is predicted that the surface will be covered by either C{sub 2}H{sub 2} or O depending on conditions. Comparisons to transition metals indicate that the Mo-terminated Mo{sub 2}C(001) surface exhibits carbon reactivity similar to transition metals such as Ru and Ir, but is significantly more reactive towards oxygen.
Photosnythetic responses of rough lemon and sour orange to soil flooding, chilling, and short-term temperature fluctuations during growth

Abstract Soil flooding and cold temperature reduced leaf CO 2 exchange rate ( CER ) and activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) of rough lemon (RL), Citrus jambhiri Lush., and sour orange (SO), C. aurantium L. At growth-chamber conditions of low temperature (LT, 10°C) or high temperature (HT, 30°C), inhibitions in CER were 61% for flooded SO and 43% for flooded RL. For non-flooded trees, CER at LT was only about 27% that at HT. These inhibitions in CER were at least partially due to lower stomatal conductance. Reductions in Rubisco activity under prolonged soil flooding were about 30% at HT and 16% at LT. As a result of soil flooding, starch was higher in leaves, but was drastically reduced in fibrous roots of flooded trees under both LT and HT regimes. For non-flooded trees maintained at HT, starch was higher in leaves, but lower in fibrous roots as compared with non-flooded trees grown at LT. For trees maintained under the LT regime, activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and concentration of proline in leaves were three- and 15-fold higher, respectively, as compared with trees grown at HT. Data on responses of CER to short-term fluctuations of temperature indicate that RL was more sensitive to sharp temperature variations than SO. Under prolonged soil flooding, however, RL was more tolerant than SO.
DIRECTING TRAFFIC AT THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

![Figure][1] Motor nerves activate muscles via the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that binds to muscle cells' acetylcholine receptors. The occupied receptors then allow Na+ ions into the muscle cells, depolarizing them and causing them to contract. This transmission of signals
Evolution and diversification of the basal transcription machinery

Transcription initiation was once thought to be regulated primarily by sequence-specific transcription factors with the basal transcription machinery being largely invariant. Gradually it became apparent that the basal transcription machinery greatly diversified during evolution and new studies now demonstrate that diversification of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) family yielded specialized and largely independent transcription systems.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF MOLYBDENUM (VI) WITH LIX 63

ABSTRACT The equilibrium and kinetics of the extraction of molybde-num(VI) with LIX 63 was investigated. The extraction of Mo(VI) is both favored by high acidity and high LIX 63 concentration. From the equilibrium studies, the extraction constant for the reaction was found to be log Kex - 16.43. The rate of extraction is first ex order in both metal and extractant but decreases non-linearly with pH. The rate-determining step of the reaction was deduced to be the formation of a 1:1 complex between Mo(VI) and LIX 63 in the aqueous phase. A mechanism in which different Mo(VI) species react concurrently with the neutral ligand is proposed. The logarithmic values of the second order reaction rate constants (in M−1 s−1 units) involving each Mo(VI) species are as follows: molybdate - 2.30, bimolybdate - 5.82, and molybdic acid - 8.16. These results agree well with the results reported for other ligands.
A model for the Kirkendall effect

Abstract A model is proposed which predicts that Kirkendall marker movement is a linear function of alloy composition. The model assumes that concentration gradients and intrinsic diffusivities at the Kirkendall plane are similar to those at the Matano plane; and that concentration gradients can be approximated by referring to a constant diffusivity system. The physical constants in the model are functions of intrinsic diffusivities and square root diffusivities. The model suggests how Kirkendall porosity can be reduced or eliminated in ternary and higher order alloys by proper alloy selection.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL HUME-ROTHERY PHASES

The traditional Hume-Rothery phases are Cu-bronzes or other (three-dimensional) alloys, which show a series of phase transitions at fixed electron-per-atom ratios, independent of the particular atomic constituents. The transitions are driven by Fermi surface nesting within the individual phases. It is shown that similar transitions appear to be a pervasive feature of two-dimensional systems. Examples are given involving graphite intercalation compounds, organic superconductors, and the new high Tc oxide superconductors.
Diacylglycerol activation of protein kinase Cε and hepatic insulin resistance.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent chronic liver disease in Western societies, affecting one in four adults in the USA, and is strongly associated with hepatic insulin resistance, a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Although the cellular mechanisms underlying this relationship are unknown, hepatic accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) in both animals and humans has been linked to hepatic insulin resistance. In this Perspective, we discuss the role of DAG activation of protein kinase Ce as the mechanism responsible for NAFLD-associated hepatic insulin resistance seen in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and lipodystrophy.
Dependence of β-galactoside-transacetylase activity on the temperature of growth in E. coli strains with polar mutations in the operator-proximal part of the β-galactosidase gene

Abstract The β-galactoside-transacetylase activity in E . coli with polar mutations in the z gene depends upon the temperature at which the cells were grown. This temperature dependence was found to be more pronounced in mutants in the operator proximal region, than in those in the distal region of the z gene.
Photosynthetic phenotype plasticity and the role of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Hydrilla verticillata

Abstract An inhibitor [3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoylmethyl)-propenoate (DCDP)] of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (Pepcase) was used to investigate the participation of this carbon fixing-enzyme in the gas exchange characteristics of the low-photorespiratory phenotype of the submersed aquatic angiosperm Hydrilla verticillata (L.F.) Royle. Exposure of such low photorespiratory plants to DCDP resulted in increases in the CO 2 compensation point (Γ, from 10 to 59 μl l −1 ), O 2 inhibition of photosynthesis (from 0.5 to 15% at 21% O 2 ) and CO 2 evolution in the dark by 51%. These DCDP-exposed individuals exhibited a 27% decrease in apparent photosynthesis. In contrast, DCDP had no negative effects upon high photorespiratory individuals. By directly inhibiting the enzyme, these data confirm that Pepcase participates in the expression of low photorespiratory gas exchange characteristics in H. verticillata . Following the induction of the low photorespiratory phenotype, both old tissue originally in the high photorespiratory state (Γ = 53 μ l l −1 ) and new tissue produced during induction exhibited Γ values of −1 . Therefore, induction of the low photorespiratory state seems not to depend on shoot age. Although Pepcase activity was negatively correlated with Γ during induction of the low photorespiratory phenotype, the relationship appears to be non-linear suggesting that expression of low photorespiratory gas exchange characteristics might require subsequent induction of C 4 photosynthetic enzymes other than Pepcase.
Late-Onset neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1: Expanding the clinical spectrum

We report on two patients with pathologically proven neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1 (NBIA-1) with late onset and atypical presentations. One patient experienced gradual onset of shuffling gait, rigidity, bradykinesia, and increasing postural instability at age 85 years. He died a few weeks after developing acute hemiballismus at age 90 years. Histopathology revealed marked neuronal loss in the internal segment of the globus pallidum, astrocytosis, axonal spheroids, and extensive iron deposition consistent with NBIA-1. No additional lesions were found to explain the hemiballismus. The second patient experienced fulminant dementia evolving to total disability and death within 2 months. Autopsy showed typical NBIA-1 pathology. We conclude that NBIA-1 pathology can develop at any age, and that the phenotype should be expanded to include late-onset parkinsonism. The relationship to hemiballismus and adult-onset dementia is less clear.
Reduction of Inappropriate Urinary Catheter Use at a Veterans Affairs Hospital Through a Multifaceted Quality Improvement Project

Background Foley catheter (FC) use is a modifiable risk factor for hospital-acquired urinary tract infection, the most common type of nosocomial infection. It is unknown whether sustained, hospital-wide reductions in FC use are achievable by combining interventions with demonstrated short-term effectiveness in selected units. Methods A multifaceted quality improvement project to decrease unnecessary FC use and increase order documentation was instituted throughout the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center in March 2005, after a >2-year baseline period. Bundled interventions included multiple types of education, system redesign, rewards, and feedback (phases I and II), plus, in phase III, involvement of a dedicated FC nurse. Results The daily prevalence of FC use dropped steeply during intervention phase I (5.5 months), from a 15.2% baseline mean to a 9.3% nadir, but rebounded quickly during the subsequent hiatus phase (1.2 months). It dropped again (mean, 13.6%) during intervention phase II (27.3 months) and even further (mean, 12.0%) during intervention phase III (22.8 months) (P ≤ .001, phase II or III vs baseline). Compared with baseline, during phase III (with the dedicated FC nurse) the mean daily percentages of nonordered and nonindicated FCs dropped from 17% to 5.1% and from 15% to 1.2%, respectively. During phases II and III combined, an estimated total of 6691 FC days were avoided. Conclusions Significant hospital-wide reductions in total and inappropriate FC use and improved FC order documentation were achieved through a multicomponent campaign. The greatest and most sustained improvements accompanied the involvement of a dedicated FC nurse.
Advantages of low parasitic inductance packages of power MOSFET for server power applications

Super -junction MOSFETs and shielded gate trench MOSFETs are widely used especially for PFC and DC-DC converters for networking and computing power supply systems that require high efficiency and power density. With smaller parasitic capacitances, the latest SJ MOSFETs have extremely fast switching characteristics and therefore reduced switching losses. But, naturally this switching behavior leads to device stress include voltage and current spikes and greater dv/dt and di/dt by self-inflicted voltage transients during switching transition time due to the stray parasites in devices and printed circuit board. In this paper, the impact of parasitic inductances in Power MOSFET and PCB layout during switching transient by analytical Pspice simulation and experimental results The benefits of low inductance packages, called Power88 and Power 56, for high voltage and medium voltage MOSFETs are shown in server power system.
The Influence of Annealing Temperature on the Strain Rate Sensitivity of Copper in Torsion

Abstract : The effect of annealing temperature on the high strain rate behavior of OFHC copper and a tellurium doped free machining copper is investigated. The annealing temperatures studied include temperatures above and below as well as the recrystalization temperature. The torsional split Hopkinson bar is utilized to achieve shear strain rates up to 2,000/s with a rise time of ten microseconds. The resulting stress-strain curves are compared with those obtained at a strain rate of .0001/s. Specimens of OFHC copper are subjected to incremental strain rate tests so that the change in flow stress corresponding to an increase in strain rate can be evaluated for each specimen. It is concluded that the strain rate sensitivity is positive in nature for each temperature and that its magnitude depends on the annealing temperature. (Author)
Coordinate regulation of tissue macrophage and dendritic cell population dynamics by CSF-1

Tissue macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs) play essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. How these cells are maintained at their characteristic densities in different tissues has remained unclear. Aided by a novel flow cytometric technique for assessing relative rates of blood-borne precursor recruitment, we examined Mϕ and DC population dynamics in the pregnant mouse uterus, where rapid tissue growth facilitated a dissection of underlying regulatory mechanisms. We demonstrate how Mϕ dynamics, and thus Mϕ tissue densities, are locally controlled by CSF-1, a pleiotropic growth factor whose in situ level of activity varied widely between uterine tissue layers. CSF-1 acted in part by inducing Mϕ proliferation and in part by stimulating the extravasation of Ly6Chi monocytes (Mos) that served as Mϕ precursors. Mo recruitment was dependent on the production of CCR2 chemokine receptor ligands by uterine Mϕs in response to CSF-1. Unexpectedly, a parallel CSF-1–regulated, but CCR2-independent pathway influenced uterine DC tissue densities by controlling local pre-DC extravasation rates. Together, these data provide cellular and molecular insight into the regulation of Mϕ tissue densities under noninflammatory conditions and reveal a central role for CSF-1 in the coordination of Mϕ and DC homeostasis.
Effective Length Scale for Predicting Solvent-Debinding Times of Components Produced by Powder Injection Molding

The debinding of powder-injection-molded components is critical and time consuming, especially when the sizes of the powders used become relatively small (<5 µm). Mathematical relationships have been derived for predicting the polymer removal times for solvent-, thermal-, and wick-debinding processes by considering one-dimensional mass flow. However, the debinding of a component produced by powder injection molding occurs through all of its surfaces, and, hence, mass flow along all three dimensions needs to be considered. An effective length scale is introduced that considers the entire bulk of the component to compute the solvant-debinding time and the wick-debinding processes. The effective length scale is defined as the volume to surface area ratio of the compact. Introduction of this length scale in the existing equations successfully explains the debinding behavior of various geometries. Furthermore, the length scale helps us to understand the effect of the component's shape and dimensions on the critical heating rates for polymer burnout.
Noise exposure among construction electricians.

Data-logging noise dosimetry was used to assess the exposure levels of electricians working for a major electrical subcontractor in Washington State at five sites using four types of construction methods. Subjects documented activities and work environment information throughout their work shift, resulting in an activity/exposure record for each of the 174 full-shift samples collected over the 4-month duration of the study. Over 24% of the TWA samples exceeded 85 dBA; 5.2% exceeded the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit of 90 dBA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health exposure metric, which specifies a 3-dB ER, was also utilized; using this metric, 67.8% of the samples exceeded 85 dBA and 27% exceeded 90 dBA. Subjects were directly observed for a subset of 4469 min during which more detailed activity and environmental information was recorded. Linear and logistic regression models using this subset were used to identify the determinants of ...
Corporate Environmentalism in a Global Economy: Societal Values in International Technology Transfer

The article reviews the book “Corporate Environmentalism in a Global Economy: Social Values in International Technology Transfer,” by Halina Szejnwald Brown, Patrick Derr, et al.
Women's estradiol predicts preference for facial cues of men's testosterone

A growing body of research has shown that women express stronger attraction to more masculine traits when they are tested near ovulation than when tested during other times in the menstrual cycle. Although these effects have been interpreted as increased preferences for markers of elevated testosterone during times in the cycle when conception is most likely, no previous studies have directly demonstrated that women express stronger attraction to higher testosterone men at different times in the cycle. In addition, little research has addressed which hormonal or other physiological mechanisms may regulate temporal shifts in women's attractiveness judgments. In this research, we demonstrate that women with higher estradiol concentrations exhibit stronger preferences for the faces of men with higher testosterone concentrations, and that women's testosterone preference and estradiol curves track one another across days of the cycle. The findings are the first direct demonstration in humans that hormone concentrations in one sex are associated with attraction to cues of hormonal status in the opposite sex. The results support a functional role for estradiol in calibrating women's mating psychology to indices of their current fertility, analogous to similar processes that have been documented in nonhuman species. A strong correlation between estradiol and testosterone preference specifically during the luteal phase further suggests that women's mate preferences may track their fertility between different cycles in addition to being calibrated to the timing of ovulation within individual cycles.
High-frequency subcritical acoustic penetration into a sandy sediment

During the sediment acoustics experiment, SAX99, a hydrophone array was deployed in sandy sediment near Fort Walton Beach, Florida, in a water depth of 18 m. Acoustic methods were used to determine array element positions with an accuracy of about 0.5 cm, permitting coherent beamforming at frequencies in the range 11-50 kHz. Comparing data and simulations, it has been concluded that the primary cause of subcritical acoustic penetration was diffraction by sand ripples that were dominant at this site. These ripples had a wavelength of approximately 50 cm and RMS relief of about 1 cm. The level and angular dependence of the sound field in the sediment agree within experimental uncertainties with predictions made using small-roughness perturbation theory.
A research study to establish the need to implement cycle time reduction strategies for new package introduction

The research is an ex-post facto design administered to a randomly sampled population of the assembly technology groups within one large semiconductor company. The results confirm the fact that cycle time reduction strategies need to be managed more effectively. The areas determined to be of greatest need and importance are organizational structure and development methodology. Recommended strategies include removal of barriers between functional groups, rigorous application of team building sessions, regular project updates, priority reviews for design, development, and manufacturing personnel, and delegating routine decisions to lower-level personnel. Training programs for manufacturing personnel should be made a high priority in the development phase, and rigorous requirements for technology transfer, including detailed documentation, are necessary to guarantee successful implementation of the new technology. >
Trichomycetes in aquatic insects from Prince Edward Island, Canada

Trichomycetes, an ecological grouping of fungi and protists associated with the guts of aquatic arthropods, are distributed globally. The diversity of this unique species complex is, however, more completely documented in some parts of the USA and Europe than in Canada. Twenty species of trichomycetes were collected from insect hosts at six sites in Prince Edward Island, situated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence about 14 km off the east coast of New Brunswick. Five new species of Harpellales (Fungi, Kickxellomycotina), Caudomyces longicollis Strongman sp. nov. from Antocha sp. (Tipulidae), Legeriomyces minae Strongman sp. nov. from mayflies, and Smittium ditrichosporum Strongman sp. nov., Smittium insulare Strongman sp. nov., and Smittium tynense Strongman sp. nov. from chironomids are described. Smittium brevisporum L.G. Valle & Santam. and Smittium gracilis L.G. Valle & Santam., previously known only from Spain, are recorded for the first time in North America. A number of species of Harpellales and Amoebidi...
The Effect of School Culture on Science Education at an Ideologically Innovative Elementary Magnet School: An Ethnographic Case Study

This ethnographic case study investigated the science practices of teachers at one public elementary magnet school in light of how school culture influenced science curriculum design and instruction. The purpose of the study was to address how school culture impacted the school’s overall treatment of science as a viable content area. Key informant teachers were interviewed to explore their personal beliefs and values, teaching, access to materials, and views of the adopted integrated thematic curriculum model and magnet structure. The resulting data, triangulated with informal observation and artifact collection, were analyzed using a theoretical framework that emphasized five interdependent school culture indicators (values, beliefs, practices, materials, and problems). Findings suggest that the school’s culture adversely influenced the treatment of science.
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of Fe-Co alloy nanocrystals

Fe/sub x/Co/sub 1-x/[C] (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.8, nominally) nanoparticles were prepared by a Kratschmer-Huffman carbon arc method. X-ray diffraction indicated a single disordered bcc FeCo phase (along with graphitic C), for all but the x=0.2 composition for which some fcc Co was observed. Particles had an average diameter of 50 nm from Scherrer analysis of the peak widths, and a broad size distribution based on TEM. Imaging energy filtered microscopy (GIF) showed Fe and Co to be uniformly distributed in the nanoparticles. SQUID magnetometry showed fine particle magnetism consistent with other observations of transition metal nanoparticles. A compositional dependence of the M (H=1 T) magnetization was similar to that observed in the bulk alloy Slater Pauling curve. Fe/sub 0.5/Co/sub 0.5/[C] exhibited the largest magnetizations heretofore observed in similarly produced nanoparticles.
Using the Precaution Adoption Process model to describe a disaster preparedness intervention among low-income Latinos

Only 40-50% of households in the United States are currently disaster prepared. In this intervention study, respondent-driven sampling was used to select a sample (n = 187) of low income, Latino residents of Los Angeles County, randomly assigned into two treatment conditions: (i) household preparedness education received through 'promotora' (community health worker) led small group meetings, and (ii) household preparedness education received through print media. Weinstein's Precaution Adoption Process, a stage model appropriate for risk communication guided the intervention. Outcomes are conceptualized as stages of decision making linked to having disaster supplies and creating a family communication plan. Quantitative results showed a significant shift over time from awareness to action and maintenance stages for disaster communication plans and supplies in both study arms; however, the shift in stage for a communication plan for those in the 'platica' study arm was (P < 0.0001) than for those in the media arm. For changes in stage linked to disaster supplies, people in both media and 'platica' study arms improved at the same rate. Simple media-based communications may be sufficient to encourage disadvantaged households to obtain disaster supplies; however, adoption of the more complex disaster family communication requires interpersonal education.
An exploratory study of expectation–importance–performance analysis with cultural tourists in Havana, Cuba:

Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) is an efficient method for measuring two dimensions of a person’s attitude on a given topic. The current study added a third dimension, Expectation, to determine if an individual’s expectation about a cultural tourism experience impacts their rating of that experience’s performance. The study, based in Havana, Cuba, gathered impressions from international visitors regarding 30 types of cultural tourism activities and amenities through an intercept survey. Results indicated that many Expectation and Performance scores were correlated. Additionally, some differences arose in Expectations and perceived Performance among varying age groups and length of stay. The use of this new scale (EIPA) would be valuable to local tourism managers as well as tourism researchers wishing to explore expanded uses of IPA, and should be tested in a variety of cultural contexts.
Resting metabolic rate in obese, premenopausal black women

In the United States, obesity is more prevalent in black than in non-Hispanic white women. Because low resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been suggested as a risk factor for weight gain, we compared RMR in 22 black and 20 white obese [body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) range: 28.9-48.6 and 26.9-44.1, respectively], weight-stable, premeno-pausal, nondiabetic women. RMR was measured on two or three different occasions within a 1-wk period. The black and white groups did not differ significantly in age, degree of fitness, BMI, fat mass, or fat-free mass (FFM). In each group, RMR was predicted independently by FFM but not by age, degree of fitness, body fat mass, or body fat distribution. The slopes of the equations predicting RMR from FFM in black and white groups were not significantly different. However, the black women had significantly lower RMRs than the white women after adjustment for FFM measured by five body-composition models: dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hydrodensitometry, total body water, a three-compartment model, a four-compartment model, as well as for the absolute total-body potassium content as a measure of metabolically active FFM. By each analysis, the black women had significantly lower (P < 0.01) FFM-adjusted RMR than the white women; this difference ranged from 671 to 889 kJ/d depending on the body-composition method used to estimate FFM. This could contribute to the difference in the prevalence of obesity in the populations represented by these groups.
Early intervention in patients with heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major public health problem that is increasing in prevalence. It is a complex clinical syndrome that is frequently encountered by clinicians in their practice. Unfortunately, by the time most patients present with signs and symptoms of CHF, the disease is quite advanced and represents a terminal stage of heart disease. It is also well recognized that when a patient develops the clinical picture of CHF, most of the cardiac reserve and the compensatory mechanisms have already been exhausted. The advanced stage and seriousness of the problem with heart failure can be best illustrated by emphasizing the extremely poor survival, with greater than 50% 5-year mortality in patients with advanced CHF. It has been suggested that heart failure may be worse than many cancers in terms of the associated morbidity and mortality. Although considerable progress has been made in the management of patients with chronic CHF, the long-term outcome of patients with heart failure still remains poor. The results of several clinical trials have shown that treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is associated with significant improvement in the survival of patients with CHF, but the overall prognosis still remains grave after the development of CHF (Fig. 1).2,3 Studies have shown that asymptomatic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and milder forms of heart failure are also associated with increased mortality and risk of sudden cardiac death.18,31 It is well established that cardiac dysfunction is generally progressive even when there are no signs and symptoms of heart failure, Because myocardial dysfunction continues to progress after the initial insult or onset of the disease process, the key to success in improving the inordinately high morbidity and
Spontaneous whole blood platelet aggregation in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an evaluation in an epidemiologic study.

Abstract Spontaneous whole blood platelet aggregation (SWBPA) was examined in a case-control study, comparing a consecutive series of IDDM subjects (n = 30) to age, and sex matched controls. Subjects were free of platelet altering medications. Platelet aggregation was measured by the percent fall in single platelet count after 15 minutes of both shaking (SK) and magnetic stirring (ST). IDDM subjects showed a significantly greater percent fall in SK (means = 12.1) and ST (means = 34.0) compared to controls (SK means = 8.4, p less than 0.01; ST means = 24.3, p less than 0.05). Long-term repeat testing on 15 subjects (diabetics and non-diabetics) up to 4 months apart showed a correlation of 0.7 for SK, p less than 0.01 but only 0.4 for ST. In a further series of IDDM subjects (n = 176) those with macrovascular disease (n = 27) showed significantly greater percent fall in SK (p less than 0.05), and ST (p less than 0.05). We conclude that SWBPA is a simple useful epidemiological technique (shaking being more repeatable than stirring) which relates to both diabetes and macrovascular disease.
The Creative Modern and the Myths of the Goddess Mariyamman

In the second half of the twentieth century, Tamilnadu (Tamil Nadu) in South India witnessed a proliferating growth in the production of feature films on the goddess Mariyamman. At least twelve Tamil films, produced between 1970 and 2003, contain the name of the goddess Mariyamman, the goddess of rain, fertility, and ammai (poxes and measles) in their title, and the narratives of these films are woven around the figure of the goddess. In addition, some other films have employed the affliction of ammai as an effective narrative device for articulating the social concerns that one encounters in a “modern” era.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes on the Surface of Egg Shells and During Frying of Whole and Scrambled Eggs.

Studies were done to determine the survival characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes on shell eggs and after cooking raw whole and scrambled eggs by frying. Samples were inoculated with low or high populations of a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes . Survival of the organism on shells of unbroken eggs was monitored over a 6-week storage period at 5 and 20°C. The presence of L. monocytogenes was determined by subjecting egg samples to primary enrichment in tryptose phosphate broth followed by plating the broth on Lee Modified Oxford agar. Enumeration was done by directly plating serially diluted wash buffer from shell eggs and diluted fried eggs directly on Lee Modified Oxford agar. Both low (102 CFU per egg) and high (104 CFU per egg) populations of L. monocytogenes on the surface of egg shells decreased to <10 CFU per egg after 6 d of storage at 5 and 20°C. Frying whole eggs "sunnyside up" until albumen was partially coagulated reduced both low (102 CFU/g) and high (105 CFU/g) populations of L. monocytogenes by only 0.4 log10 CFU/g. In contrast, frying one or three scrambled eggs to an internal temperature of 70-73°C reduced low (102 CFU/g) populations of L. monocytogenes to undetectable and <102 CFU/g, respectively. Frying three scrambled eggs containing high (105 CFU/g) populations caused a 3 log10 reduction. Frying one scrambled egg containing a high population resulted in <102 CFU/g. Both low (104 CFU/g) and high (107 CFU/g) populations of L. monocytogenes remained unchanged or decreased slightly when raw slightly beaten whole eggs were allowed to stand for up to 3 h at 20°C.
Elemente in positivem und negativem Zustand

Wenn wir von einem negativen Element sprechen, so konnen wir damit nur ein solches meinen, das in neutralem Zustand ein Elektron aufzunehmen sucht, um stabile Paare und Oktetts zu bilden. Wir konnen nicht annehmen, das ein neutrales Chloratom auf ein entferntes Elektron irgendwelche merklichen elektrostatischen Krafte ausubt. Wir konnen nur sagen, das ein sehr stabiles System entsteht, wenn ein Elektron an ein Chloratom angelagert und dadurch dessen Achtergruppe vervollstandigt wird. Das so gebildete Cl−-Ion wird dann die negative Elektrizitat nicht mehr anziehen, sondern abstosen.
Labor Denigration and Work–Family Conflict

This chapter provides the backdrop to women’s lived experiences under post-Mao market reform (1978–present) in urban China. It first describes the state–family disaggregation of the post-Mao era evidenced by the state’s retreat as the provider of social welfare for urban families and the introduction of market forces shuffling families into the private domain. It then tackles the issue of labor denigration and work–family conflict resulting from state–family disaggregation compared to the state-socialist period, despite increased family autonomy, individual freedom, and a rising standard of living.
Beneath and beyond SQ3R: A Reading Approach for Non-Fiction

(1973). Beneath and beyond SQ3R: A Reading Approach for Non-Fiction. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 6, Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the WCRA. Technological Alternatives in Learning, pp. 177-180.
Evasive Actions: The gendered cycle of stress and coping for those enduing workplace bullying in American higher education

Previous studies have confirmed that American higher education professionals endure workplace bullying at a rate higher than the general population. Close to two-thirds of American higher education employees were affected by workplace bullying and often endure the bullying at least two to three years. While the frequency of workplace bullying has been examined, along with the corresponding cost of employee disengagement, an analysis of how higher education employees cope with the stress of workplace bullying is absent from the literature. Within the theoretical stress and coping frameworks, this essay examined how higher educational personnel cope with stressful workplace bullying. A chi-square analysis was utilized on a sample (n=355) of American higher education respondents to determine the difference of the gender for respondents’ reactions. The chi-square analysis showed that women were more likely to quit/resign from a job in reaction to workplace bullying, and men are more likely to take more sick time in response to workplace bullying.
Enabling fast charging - Infrastructure and economic considerations

Abstract The ability to charge battery electric vehicles (BEVs) on a time scale that is on par with the time to fuel an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) would remove a significant barrier to the adoption of BEVs. However, for viability, fast charging at this time scale needs to also occur at a price that is acceptable to consumers. Therefore, the cost drivers for both BEV owners and charging station providers are analyzed. In addition, key infrastructure considerations are examined, including grid stability and delivery of power, the design of fast charging stations and the design and use of electric vehicle service equipment. Each of these aspects have technical barriers that need to be addressed, and are directly linked to economic impacts to use and implementation. This discussion focuses on both the economic and infrastructure issues which exist and need to be addressed for the effective implementation of fast charging at 400 kW and above. In so doing, it has been found that there is a distinct need to effectively manage the intermittent, high power demand of fast charging, strategically plan infrastructure corridors, and to further understand the cost of operation of charging infrastructure and BEVs.
Tunnel magnetoresistance of ferrocene molecules

Abstract The spin transport in ferrocene molecules has been examined by using the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism with density functional theory. The ferrocene molecules were sandwiched between the two nickel electrodes in a parallel magnetic configuration, which enhanced the current in comparison with that in an antiparallel spin state and resulting in tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). The current, having an opposite spin state to that of the ferromagnetic electrode, was the main channel for electron transport. In addition, it became clear that ferrocenylene molecules, having a fulvalene structure with an extended π-conjugation, enhanced the TMR effect.
Diet Quality Over the Monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Cycle.

Introduction Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits, which are distributed monthly, help low-income families put food on their tables. Both food spending and caloric intake among recipients decrease over the month following benefit receipt. This pattern, termed the “SNAP-cycle,” has serious implications for health and food security of low-income households. To understand better the SNAP-cycle, this study explored (1) differences in diet quality between SNAP and non-SNAP households and (2) the association between the SNAP-cycle and diet quality. Methods Multivariate linear regression with SNAP households in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey to evaluate changes in diet quality as time from SNAP distribution increased. Diet quality of food purchases was measured by Healthy Eating Index–2010 total and component scores. Data were collected 2012–2013 and analyzed 2016–2017. Results Overall dietary quality was low throughout the SNAP-cycle ( n =1,377, mean Healthy Eating Index 46.14 of 100). SNAP households had significantly lower Healthy Eating Index scores compared with eligible and ineligible nonparticipants ( p p =0.02). Significant declines in Healthy Eating Index fruit and vegetable scores contributed to worsening diet quality over the SNAP-cycle. Conclusions This study provides evidence of low dietary quality throughout the SNAP-cycle with significantly lower Healthy Eating Index scores in the final 10 days of the benefit month. This suggests less healthy purchasing occurs when resources are diminished, but overall that current SNAP levels are insufficient to consistently purchase foods according to dietary guidelines.
Evidence for the De Novo synthesis of erythropoietin in hypoxic rats.

Significant increases in the serum erythropoietin of male rats occur after the end of a brief hypoxic exposure. These increases in the hormone are almost completely abolished when the kidneys are removed after the hypoxic exposure. Injection of puromycin or cycloheximide after the hypoxic exposure significantly decreases the subsequent increases in serum erythropoietin titers, whereas injections of actinomycin D at this time have no significant effect on erythropoietin levels. Injections of actinomycin D before the hypoxic exposure prevent the increase in serum erythropoietin that normally occurs. These findings suggest that a brief period of hypoxia initiates a DNA-dependent RNA synthesis that regulates the de novo ribosomal synthesis of protein(s) involved in the biogenesis of erythropoietin and that the kidney is essential for these reactions to occur.
Palatal Basal Cell Adenocarcinoma From Misdiagnosis to Cure: A Unique Case Report and Review.

We describe a 66-year-old woman who received a misdiagnosis of benign neoplasms twice before receiving the appropriate diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma. At the time of recurrence, her care was assumed by the senior author, who made the appropriate diagnosis and administered treatment including transoral microvascular reconstruction, as well as adjuvant radiation therapy, which achieved a cure. A review of the current literature on this disease entity also is included.