cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid assembly of spacecraft structures for responsive space

The ORS office has been chartered with developing the architecture that will allow a customized satellite to be designed, produced, deployed, and operational within a matter of days [1]. Every aspect of the spacecraft development process needs to be reassessed in order to achieve this ambitious responsive spacecraft architecture. Assembly, integration & testing could be drastically reduced by stocking component-ready modular panels for assembly., However, the assembly of the structure itself needs to be change from the current process of securing panels with dozens of mixed-size fasteners and the associated verification, tooling, and documentation. Additionally, the new process must take into consideration the need to pass electrical and thermal connections throughout the satellite bus in a time-effective manner. A method for rapidly providing a stiff mechanical attachment across panels of a spacecraft bus while simultaneously providing electrical and thermal continuity would help to realize the goals of ORS. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory/Space Vehicles Directorate, Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation has developed a fastening strategy for enabling rapid assembly of a spacecraft bus structure using our patented Quick Insertion Nut (QIN) technology. □□ With this approach, a standard bolt can be rapidly inserted into the QIN and then about one turn is required to preload the connection, without significant support equipment or operator skill. These QINs are embedded in manifolds (the manifold includes panel-to-panel electrical interconnects) that together comprise a skeleton/frame for the spacecraft panels. When the panels are assembled to the manifolds, a robust structural, electrical and thermal connection for the bus is achieved. With this method, it is possible to also quickly disassemble bus panels to swap out faulty components, accommodate upgrades, or support last-minute component changes to satisfy changing mission needs. While the concept is simple, when extrapolated across the multiple fasteners in a typical spacecraft bus (the time for threading of each bolt alone is eight to ten times faster), this results in a revolutionary decrease in the amount of time required for spacecraft assembly. With adequate margin and analysis, it may be possible that time-consuming dedicated system-level analysis and tests could also be eliminated from the AI&T process. View the video of our feasibility demonstration using a subscale prototype at: http://www.honeybeerobotics.com/168/Assembly4.mov - a representative “corner” of three satellite panels assembled using the QIN fasteners, manifold and electrical connection.
The balance of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide

Abstract The earth's atmosphere has arisen from gases emitted from the earth's interior; these gases are weakly reduced and, on emission, contain no free oxygen. The more plentiful of the emitted gases, such as water vapour and carbon dioxide, have been removed from the atmosphere to form the oceans and geological deposits of carbonate rocks. Nitrogen has become the principal constituent of the atmosphere because it is relatively inert and has accumulated in the atmosphere. Oxygen in the atmosphere results partly from photodissociation of water vapour, associated with hydrogen escape into space, but mainly from photosynthesis in excess of decay of the products of photosynthesis, which has been associated in the past with the accumulation of organic fossil carbon. The emission of gases from the earth's interior, the addition of oxygen to the atmospheric reservoir by the processes indicated above, and the removal of oxygen from the atmospheric reservoir to oxidize newly weathered rocks and the partially reduced gases emanating from the earth's interior, all continue today. However, the balance among these processes is being severely disturbed by natural instabilities and, far more, by burning fossil fuels, by large-scale changes of the environment by pesticides, and by excessive release of fertilizers into the hydrological cycle.
Fluorescent Properties of Trivalent Rare Earths in Fluorite Structure Oxides

The fluorescent properties of the trivalent rare earths were studied in the fluorite structure oxides, CeO2 and ThO2. In these compounds, the cations occupy sites of cubic symmetry, but the symmetry of the trivalent rare earth depends on the concentration and the manner of charge compensation. The emission spectra, fluorescent lifetimes, and excitation spectra were studied as functions of these variables. Multiple emission spectra of the trivalent ions were observed which varied with concentration and charge compensation. These changes were attributable to multiple sites for the rare earth under the various conditions. The multiple spectra could be well separated in the case of the 5D0–7F1 transition of Eu3+ in ThO2 which shows at least three distinct spectra. A twofold enhancement of fluorescent lifetime was found to occur when the rare earth was placed in a predominantly cubic environment. The excitation spectra did not change detectably from those expected from known energy levels, but energy transfer was found to occur from the CeO2 band edge (~38 000 cm−1) to Eu3+, Sm3+, and Er3+.
Adult Turner syndrome associated with chylous ascites and vascular anomalies

An adult female with Turner syndrome presented with severe lymphedema and chylous ascites. In addition, the patient was found to have a right-sided aortic arch and a left-sided inferior vena cava. Although lymphedema is common in infants with Turner syndrome, it usually resolves in childhood. Chylous ascites in association with Turner syndrome is previously unreported. In this patient, a peritoneo-venous shunt appeared to be beneficial.
Thermoelastic stress field in a piecewise homogeneous domain under non‐uniform temperature using a coupled boundary and finite element method

This study concerns the development of a coupled finite element-boundary element analysis method for the solution of thermoelastic stresses in a domain composed of dissimilar materials with geometric discontinuities. The continuity of displacement and traction components is enforced directly along the interfaces between different material regions of the domain. The presence of material and geometric discontinuities are included in the formulation explicitly. The unknown interface traction components are expressed in terms of unknown interface displacement components by using the boundary element method for each material region of the domain. Enforcing the continuity conditions leads to a final system of equations containing unknown interface displacement components only. With the solution of interface displacement components, each region has a complete set of boundary conditions, thus leading to the solution of the remaining unknown boundary quantities. The concepts developed for the BEM formulation of a domain with dissimilar regions is employed in the finite element-boundary element coupling procedure. Along the common boundaries of FEM-BEM regions, stresses from specific BEM regions are first expressed in terms of interface displacements, then integrated and lumped at the nodal points of the common FEM-BEM boundary so that they are treated as boundary conditions in the analysis of FEM regions along the common FEM-BEM boundary.
Outlook for binary power plants using liquid-metal MHD

Preliminary testing and extrapolations thereof indicate that liquid-metal MHD can be used as a topping cycle to increase the efficiency of large central-station power plants. Because maximum temperatures as low as 870° C are effective, such binary plants are possible with existing material technology. The best present choices appear to be a potassium working fluid and either a (helium-or sodium-cooled) nuclear reactor or a fossil-fueled furnace. Cost estimates for a possible plant with 1-GW output?based on the use of a coal-fired furnace operating at 870°C with a condensing type of MHD cycle-suggest that, for a capital-cost outlay approximately equal to that for a conventional coal-fired plant, 13 percent more efficiency is achieved by the plant with the topping cycle.
3-O-methyl metabolites of catecholamines: automated fluorometric assay and their plasma levels in patients receiving levodopa and carbidopa.

Abstract The fluorometric determination of homovanillic acid (HVA), 3- O -methyldopa (OMD), and 3- O -methyldopamine by oxidation with potassium ferricyanide in alkaline medium has been automated using the AutoAnalyzer of the Technicon Instruments Corporation. The method is rapid, sensitive, and reproducible and correlated well with the manual method. Plasma levels of dopa, HVA, and OMD were determined at half-hour intervals in patients receiving levodopa therapy, and also levodopa/carbidopa therapy. Dopa and HVA concentrations rise and fall in plasma in response to each dosage, but OMD remains elevated constantly. The level of HVA is drastically reduced upon the addition of carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, but OMD levels are unchanged indicating a lack of inhibition of catechol- O -methyl transference by carbidopa.
Corrosive chemisorption of [PtRh5(CO)15]-on MgO

Organometallic compounds often react with metal oxide surfaces much as they react in solutions having properties (e.g., basicity) similar to those of the surfaces. The nature of the chemisorption may be simple, for example, resembling ion pairing, but it may instead lead to substantial restructuring of the adsorbate, e.g., when [Ir(CO){sub 2}(acac)] and CO are converted into [Ir{sub 6}(CO){sub 16}] on {gamma}-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The authors now report on an even more complex chemisorption -- a corrosive chemisorption -- of an organometallic compound, [PtRh{sub 5}(CO){sub 15}]{sup {minus}}, whereby the adsorbate reacts with the adsorbent, MgO, incorporating Mg in the desorbed species. Corrosive chemisorption on metals is well-known, as exemplified by CO on supported Ru{sup 3} and tartaric acid on Ni.
Yield from a complete skin examination

A complete skin examination has been recommended by many dermatologists. The purpose of this study was to determine the yield of this examination. Of 1157 consecutively treated new dermatology patients, 1106 (96%) agreed to a total skin examination. Important incidental lesions were found in 162 (15%) of these patients. The types of incidental findings included (1) rashes helpful in establishing the primary diagnosis—20 patients (1.8%); (2) important rashes unrelated to the primary diagnosis—37 patients (3.3%); (3) malignant tumors—22 patients (2.0%); (4) clinically dysplastic nevi—25 patients (2.3%); and (5) congenital nevi—31 patients (2.8%). One patient had an incidental melanoma and another was found to have Kaposi's sarcoma, which led to the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It is concluded that a complete skin examination is productive and it is recommended for all new dermatology patients.
STANDING UP FOR LIBERTY: A CONVERSATION WITH PERRY LINK*

In this enormously rich and spirited conversation, Perry Link reminisces about his training as a student of Chinese language and literature in the midst of American involvement in the Vietnam War, his early understanding of Chinese revolution and socialism, and his encounters with such well-known Chinese intellectuals as Liu Binyan and Fang Lizhi during the late 1980s and after, as well as his involvement with the publication of the Tiananmen Papers.
Improved Tenderness of Restructured Beef Steaks by a Microbial Collagenase Derived from Vibrio B-30

To reduce connective tissue toughness Vibrio B-30 collagenase was evaluated for its ability to degrade muscle collagen in a restructured beef (RSB) product. Dissected muscles pooled from clods of 4 USDA choice chucks were made into three RSB products: untrimmed control (C), hand trimmed of epimysium (T) and untrimmed and treated with 0.01% collagenase (E). RSB products were held for 24 hr at either 2°C or 11°C and were analyzed cither raw or after heating (40°C for 1 hr). Aerobic microbial load remained low (1–2X102 cfu/g) during the 24 hr 11°C incubation. Heated samples of enzyme treated RSB had lower Lee-Kramer shear values than controls. In both raw and heated samples enzyme treatment increased hydroxyproline solubility. An enzyme treatment of 24 hr at 11°C followed by heating produced maximum tenderization. Although optimum treatment conditions need to be defined by further research, Vibrio B-30 collagenase appeared to be efficacious for the tenderization of RSB products.
Insulin and glucagon degradation by the kidney II. Characterization of the mechanisms at neutral pH

Abstract Examination of insulin and glucagon degradation by rat kidney subcellular fractions revealed that most degrading activity was localized to the 100 000 × g pellet and 100 000 × g supernatant fractions. Further characterization of the degrading activities of the 100 000 × g pellet and supernatant suggested that three types of enzymatic activity were present at neutral pH. From the cytosol an enzyme with characteristics of the insulin glucagon protease of skeletal muscle was purified. This enzyme appeared to be responsible for insulin degradation by the kidney at physiological insulin concentrations. This enzyme also contributed to glucagon degradation but was not the most active mechanism for this. In the 100 000 × g pellet at least two separate enzymatic activities were present. One of these had properties consistent with those described for glutathione insulin transhydrogenase and appeared to be responsible for insulin degradation at high insulin concentration. The other enzyme was associated with the brush border and had properties consistent with the brush border neutral protease. This enzyme appeared responsible for glucagon degradation at both low and high substrate concentrations. An apparent marked synergism between the 100 000 × g pellet and the 100 000 × g supernatant was noted for insulin degradation at physiological insulin concentrations. Pellet glucagon-degrading activity and soluble insulin-degrading activity were necessary for this. The mechanism was found to be limited insulin degradation by the soluble enzyme resulting in both trichloroacetic acid-precipitable trichloroacetic acid-soluble fragments followed by further degradation of the fragments by the glucagon-degrading enzyme resulting in an additional increase in trichloroacetic acid-soluble products.
Design and development of anti-icing textile surfaces

An anti-icing material can be created by mimicking one of nature’s best known performances superhydrophobicity that is observed at many plant leaves. The anti-icing properties of a superhydrophobic surface depend on the surface morphology as well as the surface tension of the substrate. This implies that both the chemistry and the topography of the anti-icing coating material are important. Therefore, the relationship between the anti-icing properties and the morphology of a superhydrophobic surface should be understood and the study has to be extended beyond the bio-inspired superhydrophobic properties of the materials to similar properties toward ice. In this research, fluorosilane-treated superhydrophobic textile nonwoven fabric is prepared via wet-processing, and the anti-icing properties of the surface are observed and compared to those of three controls: an untreated fabric, a fluorosilane-treated smooth surface, and an untreated film. In order to evaluate anti-icing properties of superhydrophobic surfaces, super-cooled water was dropped on the surface of the prepared superhydrophobic fabric and all three controls. In addition, water drops were deposited on a superhydrophobic surface and the controls, and then the samples along with water drops were placed in a freezer to make the water drops completely freeze. After the samples were removed from the freezer, they were placed on a plate inclined at 45° to compare the ice removal process of the superhydrophobic surface with those of the controls. It was found that a superhydrophobic surface, which was created by combining low surface energy and micro/nano rough structures, could provide anti-icing properties to the surface.
RIMAC: a novel redundancy-based hierarchical cache architecture for energy efficient, high performance storage systems

Energy efficiency becomes increasingly important in today's high-performance storage systems. It can be challenging to save energy and improve performance at the same time in conventional (i.e. single-rotation-rate) disk-based storage systems. Most existing solutions compromise performance for energy conservation. In this paper, we propose a redundancy-based, two-level I/O cache architecture called RIMAC to address this problem. The idea of RIMAC is to enable data on the standby disk to be recovered by accessing data in the two-level I/O cache or on currently active/idle disks. At both cache and disk levels, RIMAC dynamically transforms accesses toward standby disks by exploiting parity redundancy in parity-based redundant disk arrays. Because I/O requests that require physical accesses on standby disks involve long waiting time and high power consumption for disk spin-up (tens of seconds for SCSI disks), transforming those requests to accesses in a two-level, collaborative I/O cache or on active disks can significantly improve both energy efficiency and performance.In RIMAC, we developed i) two power-aware read request transformation schemes called Transformable Read in Cache (TRC) and Transformable Read on Disk (TRD), ii) a power-aware write request transformation policy for parity update and iii) a second-chance parity cache replacement algorithm to improve request transformation rate. We evaluated RIMAC by augmenting a validated storage system simulator, disksim. For several real-life server traces including HP's cello 99, TPC-D and SPC's search engine, RIMAC is shown to reduce energy consumption by up to 33% and simultaneously improve the average response time by up to 30%.
Neutron imaging reveals internal plant water dynamics

Knowledge of plant water fluxes is critical for assessing mechanistic processes linked to biogeochemical cycles, yet resolving root water transport dynamics has been a particularly daunting task. Our objectives were to demonstrate the ability to non-invasively monitor individual root functionality and water fluxes within Zea mays L. (maize) and Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) seedlings using neutron imaging. Seedlings were propagated for 1–3 weeks in aluminum chambers containing sand. Pulses of water or deuterium oxide were then tracked through the root systems by collecting consecutive radiographs during exposure to a cold-neutron source. Water flux was manipulated by cycling on a growth lamp to alter foliar demand for water. Neutron radiography readily illuminated root structure, root growth, and relative plant and soil water content. After irrigation there was rapid root water uptake from the newly wetted soil, followed by hydraulic redistribution of water through the root system to roots terminating in dry soil. Water flux within individual roots responded differentially to foliar illumination based on supply and demand of water within the root system. Sub-millimeter scale image resolution revealed timing and magnitudes of root water uptake, redistribution within the roots, and root-shoot hydraulic linkages—relationships not well characterized by other techniques.
Cleavage cracking across triple grain boundary junctions in freestanding silicon thin films

This article is focused on a fractography study of cleavage cracking at triple grain boundary junctions in freestanding silicon thin films. At a triple junction, as the crystallographic orientations of the two grains ahead of the crack are different by only a few degrees, the cleavage front advance becomes quite jerky. The crack first enters the grain of smaller boundary toughness and then turns into the other grain from the lateral direction. Consequently, the overall fracture resistance cannot be analyzed in the framework of line-average theory. The nonuniform characteristic of crack behavior can be attributed to the increase in local stress intensity. A few typical crack front advance modes are identified.
The effect of fluoxetine on morphine analgesia, respiratory depression, and lethality

The analgesic effect of morphine in a mouse writhing assay was enhanced by the simultaneous administration of fluoxetine, an inhibitor of serotonin uptake. Fluoxetine reduced the ED50 for morphine and extended the duration of morphine analgesia. The potentiation of morphine analgesia was particularly striking in mice made tolerant by repeated morphine injections. Potentiation of morphine by fluoxetine was also observed in a rat tail jerk test for analgesia. The acute lethality of morphine in rats and mice was altered by fluoxetine, yet the therapeutic index of morphine (ratio of LD50 to ED50) was unchanged. The decrease in blood pO2 produced by morphine at doses of 1 and 4 mg/kg in rats was attenuated by fluoxetine, which by itself increased blood pO2. These findings strengthen earlier evidence for an involvement of serotoninergic neurons in the analgesic effects of morphine and support the idea that enhanced serotoninergic function might be a useful means of enhancing morphine's actions in clinical therapy.
Biocompatibility of trillium biopassive surface–coated oxygenator versus uncoated oxygenator during cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract Objective: To determine if the Trillium Biopassive Surface (Medtronic Cardiopulmonary, Minneapolis, MN) coating added to the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator reduces inflammatory mediators, blood loss, and transfusion requirements. Design: Prospective, randomized, and blinded human trial. Setting: Tertiary care academic medical center. Participants: Thirty adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Interventions: Patients received visually identical coated or uncoated oxygenators. Measurements and Main Results: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocyte count, platelet count, terminal complement complex, complement activation, myeloperoxidase, β-thromboglobulin, prothrombin fragment 1.2, plasmin-antiplasmin, heparin concentration, activated coagulation time, and fibrinogen concentration were measured. Blood loss and blood product usage were recorded. In both groups, there were significant inflammatory alterations with the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass. In the postprotamine samples, the coated oxygenator group had small but significant increases in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and leukocyte count. There were no differences in inflammatory mediators, blood loss, or transfusion requirements between the coated and uncoated groups. Conclusion: This human trial of Trillium Biopassive Surface–coated oxygenators did not show clinical benefits or clinically important biochemical results. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Risk sharing across generations without publicly owned equities

Abstract The U.S. Social Security trust fund currently invests in government bonds. Investing some of it instead in equities while continuing to pay Social Security benefits under existing rules would alter—potentially improve—the sharing of financial risks across non-trading generations. This paper shows that the same risk sharing can be achieved without direct government ownership of equities if instead the government places a linear and symmetric tax on risky private capital returns. This equivalence is very robust and holds even if some agents are endogenously borrowing constrained.
Light-induced spectral redistribution in the kramers-heisenberg equation for raman scattering

Abstract Dephasing processes associated with the incident light induce fluorescence in the resonance secondary emission spectrum. The familiar Kramers-Heisenberg equation, normally associated only with Raman-like behavior, can be made to account for such spectral redistribution.
The IMS MTT 60th Anniversary Logo

When I was a boy growing up on a remote farm in the 1960s in the southern tier of New York State, the winters were cold, the nights were long, and the snow was deep. Beyond the necessities of life, we had no spare cash, but I traveled the world anyway. Sometimes, it was by means of a hobby I picked up from my father, ham radio, using “homebrew” radios. For those of you who remember tubes, a 6AG7 oscillator driving a 6L6, feeding a pair of 807s in push pull will put a warm glow in your hearts, as well as 70 W of radio frequency on a crystal controlled 3.726 MHz.
Imaging and spectroscopy of α-Al2O3, diamond, Ni and Fe bulk crystal surfaces

Abstract Reflection electron microscopy (REM) and reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) have been used to study the structures of several bulk crystal surfaces of practical importance. Different radiation damage responses to the electron beam were found on both the α-Al 2 O 3 (0–1) and (0–2) surfaces for regions with different atomic terminations. The damage causes desorption of oxygen ions from surface domains initially terminated with oxygen. Surface microanalysis by REELS is complicated by the channeling of electrons along the different atomic planes parallel to the surface under resonance conditions, but the effect was used to measure the density of absorbed oxygen atoms. The variation in contrast of alumina (0–2) with changes of diffraction conditions cannot be interpreted based on the traditional criterion for surface resonance; a new criterion is introduced for identifying true resonance. Synthetic diamond grains in the as-received condition were imaged with REM and surface steps were observed. Nickel (110) surfaces were found to have a terraced structure with offset step modulations. REELS easily detected the NiM and NiL edges but failed to detect any light elements expected to be adsorbed at the surfaces. It was difficult to image iron surfaces due to strong magnetic deflection, but reasonable FeL edge REELS spectra were obtained.
Renal responses to acetazolamide and parethyroid hormone in carbonic anhydrase II. deficiency

Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) deficiency was identified in a patient presenting with osteopetrosis, and cerebral calcifications. The defect was demonstrated in erythrocytes by starch gel electrophoresis, immuno-diffusion with specific anti-serum and reverse-phase HPLC for the quantitation of the CA II and CA I isozymes levels. The patient appeared to have a mixed type RTA including both a proximal and a distal defect. Renal responses to acetazolamide and parathyroid hormone were studied on different days. Acetazolamide injection given at a dose of 100 mg during acid loading, induced an abrupt rise of both urinary pH and bicarbonate. Renal response to IV parathyroid hormone (bPTH 1-34 Beckman, 200 MRC units) was blunted for both urinary cAMP and phosphate excretions. In the serum PTH was normal, calcium slightly decreased (8,6-8,8 mg/dl) and phosphorus elevated for age (6,0 to 6,2 mg/dl), from infancy to adolescence. The enhancement of HCO3 excretion due to acetazolamide suggests the persistence of a functionnaly normal membrane bound CA in the kidneys of CA II deficient patients while the blunted cAMP response associated with hyperphosphatemia supports the hypothesis that CA II might be required to achieve the normal intracellular response to PTH.
Effects of solution depletion on films developed in the Peri-Pro automatic processor.

Abstract The changes in image quality and archival quality of dental films processed successively at room temperature in a Peri-Pro automatic processor without replenishment were measured. The changes in base-plus-fog density, film density and image contrast were measured for each of four processing solutions. All films to be developed in a solution were processed within 4 1 2 hours. The results cannot be generalized to solutions left overnight in the Peri-Pro processor or to solutions used in other automatic processors at different time-temperature cycles. If about 500 films are to be processed in a single day, the Peri-Pro solution, regular X-Omat, and RP X-Omat without part C are the solutions of choice. If about 1,000 films are to be processed in a single day, the Peri-Pro solution and RP X-Omat solution without part C are the solutions of choice. Only the Peri-Pro solution produced films (the first 600 films) of acceptable archival storage quality.
Disulfide Bond Formation, a Race between FAD and Oxygen

The long-running race to find the source of oxidizing potential for disulfide bond formation is over. The winner is one of the first contestants to enter: oxygen.
Agency Discretion and the Limits of Procedural Reform

One way politicians and courts try to influence policy decisions made by administrative agencies is by imposing procedural requirements on the agency decision process. During the 1960-1990 time period, Congress and the courts imposed a succession of increasingly rigorous procedural requirements on the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's hydroelectric licensing program in an attempt to make the agency more responsive to environmental concerns. In this paper, I examine in detail the agency's reaction to these procedural reforms in an attempt to explain the why these attempts met with only limited success. I find that each time Congress or the courts imposed a new procedural requirement on the FERC decision-making process, the agency was able to construe the new procedural mandate and use its retained substantive discretion to minimize the substantive policy effects of the new procedures.
ORF73 of Herpesvirus Saimiri Strain C488 Tethers the Viral Genome to Metaphase Chromosomes and Binds to cis-Acting DNA Sequences in the Terminal Repeats

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human oncogenic gamma-2-herpesvirus, transforms human endothelial cells and establishes latent infection at a low efficiency in vitro. During latent infection, only a limited number of genes are expressed, and the circularized viral genome is maintained as a multicopy episome. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), exclusively expressed during latency, has been shown to have a multifunctional role in KS pathogenesis. LANA tethers the viral episome to the host chromosome, thus ensuring efficient persistence of the viral genome during successive rounds of cell division. Besides episome maintenance, LANA modulates the expression of genes of various cellular and viral pathways, including those of retinoblastoma protein and p53. Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), another gamma-2-herpesvirus, primarily infects New World primates. Orf73, encoding the nuclear antigen of HVS, is the positional homolog of the LANA gene, and the ORF73 protein has some sequence homology to KSHV LANA. However, the function of ORF73 of HVS has not been thoroughly investigated. In this report, we show that HVS ORF73 may be important for episome persistence and colocalizes with the HVS genomic DNA on metaphase chromosomes. Furthermore, HVS terminal repeats (TRs) contain a cis-acting sequence similar to that in KSHV TRs, suggesting that the LANA binding sequence is conserved between these two viruses. This cis-acting element is sufficient to bind HVS ORF73 from strains C488 and A11, and plasmids containing the HVS C488 TR element are maintained and replicate in HVS C488 ORF73-expressing cells.
Leadership styles of prime ministers: How individual differences affect the foreign policymaking process

Abstract Much of the literature linking leadership style to foreign policy decision making has focused on American presidents. This article explores with what success such literature can be generalized to the study of prime ministers in parliamentary systems. It posits a method for assessing the leadership style of prime ministers and for examining if their behavior in the foreign policymaking process reflects their style. Data from a pilot study of four prime ministers are reported.
The Memory Is in the Details: Relations between Memory for the Specific Features of Events and Long-Term Recall during Infancy.

The second year of life is marked by pronounced changes in the length of time over which events are remembered. We tested whether the age-related differences are related to differences in memory for the specific features of events. In our study, 16- and 20-month-olds were tested for immediate and long-term recall of individual actions and temporal order of actions of three-step sequences in an elicited imitation paradigm as well as for forced-choice recognition of the specific feature of the props used to produce the sequences. Memory for the props was related to long-term recall of the events only for the 20-month-olds. It accounted for unique variance above and beyond the variance explained by immediate recall of the individual actions and the temporal order of actions of the sequences. The different pattern of relations in the older and younger infants seemingly reflects a developmental difference in the determinants of long-term recall over the second year of life.
Recognizing Our Limits: Deficiencies in End-of-Life Education for Nephrology Trainees

Not long ago, one of us (D.E.R.) attended an American Society of Nephrology program on geriatric nephrology, which focused on conversations about prognosis and initiating dialysis therapy. At the end of one didactic presentation, participants were asked to role play a discussion with their neighbors, in which they were to explain dialysis and what it might entail to an older acutely ill patient and his family. At this request, at least a third of the nephrologists in the room hastily stood, gathered their belongings, and exited the room rather than participate in the exercise. It was a telling moment, revealing the deep discomfort that even those of us engaged and interested in the care of older adults feel when confronted with the difficulties of explaining the implications of kidney failure. Give us a blood gas to interpret or ask us to list urgent indications for dialysis therapy and we are on firm ground; ask us to describe, in holistic nonmedical terms, what it means to initiate dialysis therapy at age 80, what benefits or harms may result, and what palliative or end-of-life options entail and we fumble for words. As demonstrated by a report by Combs et al in this issue of AJKD, current trainees in nephrology recognize their own deficiencies in this arena and are more acutely aware of the need for palliative and endof-life training than earlier cohorts. Combs et al compare data from a 2003 survey regarding such training among nephrology fellows with an updated survey performed in 2013. They demonstrate a significantly increased proportion of fellows (95% vs 54%) in 2013 who believe that it is important to learn about providing end-of-life care. However, these same fellows rate the quality of teaching of end-of-life care lower than other aspects of nephrology education (2.4 vs 4.1 on a 5-point scale). Additionally, they rate both the amount of teaching received and their preparedness to manage end-of-life issues as lower than those for a comparatively rare condition, distal renal tubular acidosis. Some of the results of this survey may reflect trends in the profession of medicine, as well as secular recognition of the flaws in the standard myopic biomedical approach to the end of life. Atul Gawande’s BeingMortal has rocketed to bestseller status, joining a tradition of groundbreaking books on the end of life, including Sherwin Nuland’s How We Die (1994) and Pauline Chen’s Final Exam (2008). These books—all written by surgeons, interestingly enough—have
Image Files: An Interactive Resource for History of Modern Architecture

ISSUE: Students in a history of modern architecture course receive much of their visual information through the medium of projected images in a lecture format. Additional images provided within written text present material in a preestablished order, rather than in a format that invites student participation, and may limit the students' ability to discover comparative relationships. APPLICATION: Student-owned computers make information available at the student's choice of time and place in a format that invites student participation. GOAL: A computer file of images serves as a resource for improving instruction by providing an interactive, nonsequential study tool while encouraging students to experiment and become more familiar with computer use. DESCRIPTION: Over 150 images were scanned from slides and incorporated into a database program that could be used on a student's personal computer (Macintosh SE or better). Images can be selected and grouped by architect/designer, location, date, and words entered by students; they can be viewed with or without text; and two can be viewed simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Although most students reported using the image files, they seemed to prefer hard-copy prints. Student interest in having images included in the notes for the course resulted in the scanning and incorporating of approximately 200 images in the photocopy packet for use in a subsequent term.
Effects of particle size on the biological availability of calcium and phosphorus in defluorinated phosphate for chicks.

A total of 576 d-old, male, broiler chicks were used in two trials 1) to determine the range of Ca and P levels over which the response in bone characteristics is linear and 2) to determine the influence of particle size of defluorinated rock phosphate (DFP) on the bioavailability of Ca and P in DFP. Six treatments were used in Experiment 1 in which varying percentages of added Ca (.00, .06, .12, .24, .36, and .48%) and added P (.00, .05, .10, .20, .30, and .40%) were evaluated in a corn-soybean meal diet containing 23% CP, .47% Ca, and .39% P (.14% available P). Weight gain, feed intake, and tibia breaking strength increased (P less than .001) with increasing levels of dietary Ca and P. Treatments in Experiment 2 consisted of: 1) Diet 1, a corn-soybean meal basal diet (23% CP, .50% Ca, .46% P, .21% available P), 2) Diet 1 with .12% added Ca from calcium carbonate (CC) and .07% added P from monosodium phosphate (MSP), 3) Diet 1 with .24% added Ca from CC and .14% added P from MSP; and 4 to 8), Diet 1 with .24% added Ca and .14% added P from five particle sizes of DFP. Feed intake, weight gain, and tibia breaking strength and ash percentage increased linearly (P less than .01) and feed:gain ratio decreased quadratically (P less than .10) with increasing percentages of added Ca and P in Diets 1 to 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Peroxides derived from dialkyltin derivatives

Abstract Dialkyltin dimethoxides yield insoluble (probably polymeric) peroxides in a high state of purity when treated with 98% hydrogen peroxide. If an aldehyde or ketone is present, a peroxide of the general formula (OCR′R″O 2 SnR 2 ) π is obtained. These peroxides associate in solution so that molecular weights are difficult to obtain, but the materials are predominantly simple heterocycles (n = 1) although appreciable quantities of macrocycles or linear polymers ( n > 1) may be present. The benzaldehyde dibutyltin peroxide (1.0 mole) decomposes thermally to (C 4 H 9 ) 2 SnO [0.84, isolated as (C 4 H 9 ) 2 SnCl 2 )], oxygen (0.31), benzaldehyde (0.29), and benzoic acid (0.35). These peroxides decompose thermally by first-order kinetics ( is 10 -2 to 10 -3 sec -1 ). E a is 23 kcal/mole for the dibutyltin benzaldehyde peroxide, E a is 18 kcal/mole for the valeraldehyde analogue. A good σ Hammett plot was obtained for the para -substituted benzaldehydes with a ρ of −0.43.
Reactive sputtering of molybdenum sulfide thin films

Abstract MoSx films have been deposited by r.f. sputtering of an Mo target in an H2S/Ar atmosphere. Relationships between process conditions and chemical composition, crystalline orientation, and morphology suggest that control of MoSx film properties are summarized. Preparation of dense, thick MoSx films withx1.8 and with preferred “basal” orientation is shown.
Satanism: Myth and reality in a contemporary moral panic

In the last decade, there have been many allegations about the prevalence of occult or “Satanic” criminality, which is believed to be involved in many offenses ranging from vandalism to child abuse and serial murder. Some have advocated the creation of specialized police units to combat the supposed threat. On the other hand, most of the alleged evils are very poorly substantiated, and highly questionable statements have been widely circulated. In fact, the current concern about the occult appears to have all the hallmarks of a classic moral panic, where a peripheral issue is suddenly perceived as a major social menace. This paper discusses the limited foundation of truth underlying the present “crime-wave”; and suggests that the panic reflects the moral and political agenda of extremists from the fundamentalist religious Right. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** AW502017 00005
Ecophysiology of two solar tracking desert winter annuals : II. Leaf movements, water relations and microclimate.

The seasonal course of water relations in field populations of two leaf solar tracking desert winter annuals was examined. Measurements were made of leaf movements in relation to leaf conductance and water potential. Malvastrum rotundifolium maintained solar tracking movements up to the wilting point of the plant (-4 MPa). Lupinus arizonicus altered its morphology through paraheliotropic leaf movements as leaf water potentials declined to-1.8 MPa. Diurnal patterns of leaf conductance showed marked seasonal trends, with gas exchange activity being restricted to early morning hours as water availability declined. Studies of potted plants showed that L. arizonicus was not able to alter its osmotic potential in response to drought, while M. rotundifolium underwent a 1.86 MPa reduction in osmotic potential. The significance of the two contrasting patterns is discussed in terms of observed plant distribution and origin.
Citizens and bureaucracy: electronic participation in regulatory processes

Agency rulemaking is a dominant form of regulation in the USA. Because of a recently developed electronic interface, it is additionally the most accessible form of political participation. Accordingly, this research explores the nature of electronic political interactions with regulatory agencies. Examining electronic submissions made during rulemaking comment periods, I illustrate how varying degrees of agency and commenter participation impact policy outcomes. Examining three US regulatory agencies, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Transportation and Security Administration (TSA) and the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration (NHTSA), reveals that agency participation moderates the impact that electronic comments have on comment period outcomes. Results suggest that electronic participation in the rulemaking process creates a context of dynamic political interaction among commenters and agencies. Moreover, this political context is one where policy outcomes are predicted by the nature and scope of electronic political participation.
Subconjunctival and/or intrastromal bevacizumab injections as preconditioning therapy to promote corneal graft survival.

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether subconjunctival and/or intrastromal Bevacizumab injections could help to prevent graft failure in high-risk keratoplasties. Twenty seven eyes of 27 patients, affected by high immune rejection risk and corneal neovascularization, were involved in this prospective interventional case–control series (case group: 14 eyes and control group: 13 eyes). Case group was submitted to a cycle of three subconjunctival and/or intrastromal injections of 5 mg/0.2 ml Bevacizumab. After a mean period of 6.36 months ± 3.38 SD from the last injection, all patients underwent keratoplasty. An adjunctive injection was performed intraoperatively at the end of the surgical procedure. Control group did not receive any Bevacizumab injection, but directly underwent keratoplasty. Each patient was submitted to a complete eye examination and corneal confocal microscopy. The absence of immune rejection signs in the graft, at clinical and confocal microscopy examination, was considered as main outcome measure. All cases showed less ocular inflammation and activity of vessels. No side effects were detected after the injection procedure. No corneal graft rejection was seen during the follow-up (mean 26.1 months ± 5.7 SD) in the case group. Six eyes of the control group showed graft rejection 3.8 months ± 1.4 SD after keratoplasty. As a conclusion, Bevacizumab injection may represent a preconditioning treatment to improve prognosis in high-risk corneal transplantation. The procedure seems to be safe and it may help to reduce the inflammatory stimulus that plays a key role in corneal graft rejection.
Statistical Discrimination of the Synonymy/Antonymy Relationship Between Words

A basic hypothesis is stated about the contextual and co-occurrence properties of synonymous words. On the basis of this hypothesis, several statistics are derived for use in discriminating between pairs of words which are synonymous and pairs of words which are nonsynonymous. The discriminating power of these statistics is tested on a corpus consisting of titles of physics theses. The tests indicate that two of the derived statistics have relatively high discriminating power. The results are interpreted and the possibility of obtaining better discriminating power is discussed.
Potential predators of an invasive frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) in Hawaiian forests

In Hawaii, where there are no native reptiles or amphibians, 27 species of reptiles and amphibians have established (Kraus 2003); however, few have been studied to determine their ecological impacts. For example, little is known about the impacts of the Puerto Rican frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui Thomas, that recently invaded (late 1980s) (Kraus et al. 1999), and has established on all four main Hawaiian Islands (Kraus & Campbell 2002). However, there are likely to be consequences because E. coqui can attain high densities (20 570 frogs ha-1 on average in Puerto Rico) and consume large quantities of invertebrates (114 000 prey items ha-1 per night on average in Puerto Rico) (Stewart & Woolbright 1996).
Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1 with profound thrombocytopenia and normal phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase activities

We report siblings with a variant of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome, type 1 (CDGS1), characterized by normal phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase activities, severe thrombocytopenia, and respiratory compromise. Each infant died after a course of intensive care, suggesting that infants with CDGS1 and normal phosphomannomutase and phosphomannose isomerase activities may have a more severe CDGS1 phenotype.
Dynamics of pyrogenous fumes

Abstract Theoretical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of aggregate aerosols have been conducted and led to the development of models to describe the kinetics of agglomeration. The agglomeration rate is determined by the mobilities of the agglomerate particles and by their collision cross sections. Agglomerate particles coagulate more rapidly than do dense particles due to their larger collision cross sections. Experimental studies have been conducted to explore a number of aspects of the evolution of aggregate aerosols. The structure-drag relationship has been explored by image analysis of transmission electron micrographs of mobility classified aggregate particles. Structural rearrangements during sintering of aggregates have been explored by heat treating aggregate particles while they are still entrained in the carrier gas. Particles are observed to retain the appearance of fractal clusters of smaller primary particles throughout coalescence that leads to many primary particles from the original particle being incorporated into a single primary particle in the sintered agglomerate. This observation raises serious questions about the inference of mechanisms of particle growth from structure measurements alone.