cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Work in progress - peer-led team learning implementation in computer science

The Computing Alliance of Hispanic Serving Institutions (CA-HSI) is a consortium of eight institutions that is committed to increasing the number of Hispanics who earn baccalaureate and advanced degrees in computing. CA-HSI is implementing and promoting the development of peer-led team learning (PLTL) in the computing curriculum as one of its interventions to increase the number of students who succeed in computing gatekeeper courses. PLTL is a proven strategy for retention and motivation of students having already shown its effectiveness in other disciplines. It utilizes student-driven focus groups to confront issues of lack of academic and social support. CA-HSI is creating a repository for support materials for PLTL implementation and it is also promoting implementation within the Alliance as well as other institutions. This paper discusses the materials and mechanisms for implementations, and it presents initial results of the intervention. At least 2,000 computing students have used these materials to date.
Minimum Mass Design of Tensegrity Towers and Plates

Tensegrity structures are an emerging paradigm that facilitates the integration of structures and control technologies. We expect tensegrity to play a major role in future controlled structures and materials. In this paper we address the problem of designing tensegrity structures which possess minimal mass. We show that this problem can be solved analytically for regular and symmetric tensegrity towers and plates in a way that is essentially independent of the material properties. This is typical result in tensegrity systems, where the properties of the structure are greatly dictated by its geometry, hence being scalable, rather then by the choice of materials.
Accounting for marine reserves using spatial stock assessments

Some fish stock assessments are conducted in regions that contain no-take marine reserves (NTMRs). NTMRs are expected to lead to spatial heterogeneity in fish biomass by allowing a buildup of bioma...
A hybrid approach to stabilization and repair of obstructed total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a critically ill newborn infant

D T h e o e i s s g o d a a h s e r s v m linical Summary 3.9-kg male child was born at full term following an unremarkble prenatal course. Although initially vigorous he quickly develped respiratory distress and was brought to the neonatal intensive are unit where, upon arrival, he developed profound hypoxemia nd respiratory failure. He was intubated and placed on convenional mechanical ventilation. A chest radiograph was interpreted s mild cardiomegaly with diffuse hyaline membrane disease. mbilical arterial and venous catheters (UVC) were placed and his linical status rapidly deteriorated. Due to refractory hypoxemia, dministration of high-frequency ventilation and nitric oxide was ttempted without clinical response. Metabolic acidosis and hypoension ensued and high-dose dopamine and prostaglandin were nitiated. An echocardiogram was obtained and demonstrated seere biventricular dysfunction. The left atrium appeared small and he pulmonary veins were not visualized. The patient was transerred to this hospital for further evaluation and care. Upon arrival to this institution the infant was profoundly hyoxemic (peripheral saturation 44%), acidotic, and hemodynamially labile, with evidence of early end-organ dysfunction. He was mmediately cannulated for veno-arterial extracorporeal memrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the right neck. Repeat echocariography after stabilization on ECMO failed to demonstrate the ulmonary veins and he was brought to the cardiac catheterization aboratory for anatomic assessment. At cardiac catheterization arterial and venous access was obained from the right femoral vessels. Hemodynamic evaluation evealed systemic pulmonary artery (PA) pressures despite full CMO support and evidence of good left ventricular contractility. ngiography demonstrated total anomalous pulmonary venous onnection, with near complete infradiaphragmatic drainage (Figre 1, a). The majority of pulmonary venous return occurred hrough a single large descending vein that terminated in a venous onfluence within the liver before draining to the inferior vena
Fast, Accurate Static Analysis for Fixed-Point Finite-Precision Effects in DSP Designs

Translating digital signal processing (DSP) software into its finite-precision hardware implementation is often a time-consuming task. We describe a new static analysis technique that can accurately analyze finite-precision effects arising from fixed-point implementations of DSP algorithms. The technique is based on recent interval representation methods from affine arithmetic, and the use of new probabilistic bounds. The resulting numerical error estimates are comparable to detailed statistical simulation, but achieve speedups of four to five orders of magnitude by avoiding actual bit-true simulation. We show error analysis results on both feed forward and feedback DSP kernels.
Topology-aware transmission scheduling for highway wireless sensor networks

This study considers a highway wireless sensor network that is deployed along major highways as an infrastructure for supporting a wide range of traffic monitoring operations. Contrary to other low data rate wireless sensor networks, the highway sensor network is expected to carry rich media (e.g., video) with high throughput and low latency requirements. While line power is potentially available at selected locations of selected highways, it is expected most sensors will be individually solar-powered to enable practical implementation at large scales and flexible locations. The paper presents a set of centralized and distributed slotted transmission scheduling methods for IEEE 802.11 based sensor platforms. The methods divide sensors into groups based on their deployed road segment and optimize the bidirectional relay throughput, delay, and energy efficiency for each segment. The approach conforms well to the prevalent practice of placing traffic controllers at regular intersections. Based on local network topology, the methods utilize controllers to coordinate sensor transmission time slots with a pipelined, rotational, and load weighted approach. Simulations in ns-2 showed 20–40% higher throughput, 65–90% less energy, and similar delays compared to unscheduled IEEE 802.11 mesh networks. With multi-intersection coordination, we show that the distributed method was able to achieve 96% of the centralized method's throughput at much lesser communication overheads.
Identification of immunologic and pathologic parameters of death versus survival in respiratory tularemia.

Francisella tularensis can cause severe disseminated disease after respiratory infection. The identification of factors involved in mortality or recovery following induction of tularemia in the mouse will improve our understanding of the natural history of this disease and facilitate future evaluation of vaccine candidate preparations. BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with the live vaccine strain (LVS) of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica and euthanized at different stages of disease to analyze the induction of immune molecules, gross anatomical features of organs, bacterial burdens, and progression of the histopathological changes in lung and spleen. Tissue-specific interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 were immune markers of mortality, while anti-LVS immunoglobulin M and IL-1β were associated with survival. Moribund mice had enlarged spleens and lungs, while surviving mice had even more prominent splenomegaly and normal-appearing lungs. Histopathology of the spleens of severely ill mice was characterized by disrupted lymphoid follicles and fragmented nuclei, while the spleens of survivors appeared healthy but with increased numbers of megakaryocytes and erythrocytes. Histopathology of the lungs of severely ill mice indicated severe pneumonia. Lungs of survivors at early time points showed increased inflammation, while at late times they appeared healthy with peribronchial lymphoid aggregates. Our results suggest that host immune factors are able to affect bacterial dissemination after respiratory tularemia, provide new insights regarding the pathological characteristics of pulmonary tularemia leading to systemic disease, and potentially identify immune markers associated with recovery from the disease.
Suppressing the environmental dependence of the open‐circuit voltage in inverted polymer solar cells through a radical polymer anodic modifier

Developing stable, readily-synthesized, and solution-processable transparent conducting polymers for interfacial modifying layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has become of great importance. Here, the radical polymer, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy methacrylate (PTMA), is shown to not affect the absorption of the well-studied poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) active layer when incorporated into inverted OPV devices, as it is highly transparent in the visible spectrum due to the non-conjugated nature of the PTMA backbone. The inclusion of this radical polymer as an anode-modifying layer enhanced the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density values over devices that did not contain an anodic modifier. Importantly, devices fabricated with the PTMA interlayer had performance metrics that were time-independent over the entire course of multiples days of testing after exposing the OPV devices to ambient conditions. Furthermore, these high performance values were independent of the metal used as the top electrode contact in the inverted OPV devices. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 311–316
(Re)encountering Individuality: Schlegel's Romantic Imperative as a Response to Nihilism

Abstract According to Friedrich Schlegel: “The Romantic imperative demands [that] all nature and science should become art [and] art should become nature and science”; “[P]oetry and philosophy should be made unified”, and “life and society [should be made] poetic”. The aim of this paper is to explain why Schlegel believes that this is an imperative that constrains philosophy and ordinary life. I argue that the answer to this question requires that we regard the Romantic imperative as a response to the skeptical worry that was introduced by Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi as nihilism. The aspect of nihilism that I discuss concerns the worry that we are incapable of experiencing individuals qua individuals. According to Schlegel, this skeptical threat requires a reorientation in thought and philosophical method, one that must be modeled on the aesthetic orientation towards the world. More precisely, the experience of individuals qua individuals, which is called into question by the nihilist, depends on the specia...
Effect of Cooking on Radiation-induced Chemical Markers in Beef and Pork during Storage

Raw and cooked beef and pork loins were irradiated at 0 or 5 25 kGy. The radiation induced marker compounds, such as hydrocarbons, 2-alkylcyclobutanones and sulfur volatiles, were determined after 0 and 6 months of frozen storage. Two hydrocarbons [8-heptadecene (C17:1), 6,9- heptadecadiene (C17:2)] and two 2-alkylcyclobutanones [2- dodecylcyclobutanone (DCB), 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (TCB)] were detected only in irradiated raw and cooked meats. Although pre-cooked irradiated meats produced more hydrocarbons and 2-alkylcyclobutanones than the irradiated cooked ones, the amounts of individual hydrocarbons and 2- alkylcyclobutanones, such as 8-heptadecene, 6,9- heptadecadiene, DCB, and TCB, were sufficient enough to detect whether the meat was irradiated or not. Dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were also detected only in irradiated meats, but dimethyl trisulfide disappeared after 6 months of frozen storage under oxygen-permeable packaging conditions. The results indicated that 8- heptadecene, 6,9-heptadecadiene, DCB, TCB and dimethyl disulfide, even though they were decreased with storage, could be used as marker compounds for the detection of irradiated beef and pork regardless of cooking under the frozen conditions for 6 months.
Tracking Down the Processes that Shape the ISM: The Case of the Supergiant Shell in IC 2574

We present new X-ray data (obtained with the Chandra telescope) as well as FUV data of the supergiant shell (SGS) in IC 2574, a dwarf galaxy in the M 81 group. This region has proven to be a unique target for studying the interplay of massive star formation with the surrounding interstellar medium. The Chandra data confirm the presence of soft X-ray emission, indicative of the presence of hot gas. Using optical and FUV data, we estimate the age and the energy input of the stellar cluster inside the SGS. The age estimate agrees well with the age estimated based on the HI data alone — providing further support for the view that the stellar cluster interior the SGS is powering its expansion. We conclude that indeed massive stellar clusters can create supergiant shells in galaxies (even at large galactocentric distance) as predicted by the ‘standard’ picture (creation by SN explosions and strong stellar winds), a scenario which has recently been questioned by some authors.
The Italian Government Changes a Key Feature in the Brand New Rules on Company Mediation

This short note is a follow-up to an article on the Italian Mediation Debate which was published in IDR (International Dispute Resolution), BB-Supplement 5 to issue 25/2003, 17 ff. The note comments on a very recent legislative development that took place after the publication of that piece. One of the Decrees, Nr. 5 of 2003, set forth a regulation of mediation for company disputes that - most commentators noted - was likely to make mediation fail in this field.
Aggregation in a flower bud-feeding weevil

We studied a Nearctic flower bud-feeding insect pest, Anthonomus musculus Say (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) cranberry weevil, to determine whether a combination of adult host plant finding ability and feeding preferences for host plants account for weevil distribution on host plant species. A. musculus feeds on as many as 12 native, ericaceous plant species. In addition, it is an economic pest on two native agricultural crops in two different regions of the eastern United States: Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae), high bush blueberry in New Jersey, and Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait., large cranberry in Massachusetts. However, at any one time during the growing season, adult weevils are distributed on several host plant species.
Reirradiation of Head and Neck Cancers With Proton Therapy: Outcomes and Analyses

Purpose Reirradiation of head and neck (H&N) cancer is a clinical challenge. Proton radiation therapy (PRT) offers dosimetric advantages for normal tissue sparing and may benefit previously irradiated patients. Here, we report our initial experience with the use of PRT for H&N reirradiation, with focus on clinical outcomes and toxicity. Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who received H&N reirradiation with PRT from April 2011 through June 2015. Patients reirradiated with palliative intent or without prior documentation of H&N radiation therapy were excluded. Radiation-related toxicities were recorded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0. Results The conditions of 60 patients were evaluated, with a median follow-up time of 13.6 months. Fifteen patients (25%) received passive scatter proton therapy (PSPT), and 45 (75%) received intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT). Thirty-five patients (58%) received upfront surgery, and 44 (73%) received concurrent chemotherapy. The 1-year rates of locoregional failure–free survival, overall survival, progression-free survival, and distant metastasis–free survival were 68.4%, 83.8%, 60.1%, and 74.9%, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) experienced acute grade 3 (G3) toxicity, and 13 (22%) required a feeding tube at the end of PRT. The 1-year rates of late G3 toxicity and feeding tube independence were 16.7% and 2.0%, respectively. Three patients may have died of reirradiation-related effects (1 acute and 2 late). Conclusions Proton beam therapy can be a safe and effective curative reirradiation strategy, with acceptable rates of toxicity and durable disease control.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for T3N0 Lung Cancer With Chest Wall Invasion.

Abstract Introduction The role of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for tumors involving the chest wall (CW) remains ill-defined. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0236 trial allowed inclusion of T3N0 non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Materials and Methods We queried an institutional review board-approved prospective SBRT registry to identify patients with tumors involving the CW, defined as radiographic evidence of frank soft tissue invasion or bony destruction. All patients underwent SBRT to a median dose of 50 Gy in 5 fractions and were followed up for tumor control, pain response, and toxicity. Results Of 820 NSCLC patients reviewed, 13 with CW involvement were identified. Of these 13 patients, 10 had primary T3N0 NSCLC and 3 had recurrent NSCLC. Their median age was 78 years, the Karnofsky performance status was 80, the Charlson score was 3, and the tumor diameter was 4.0 cm. The 1-year local, locoregional, and distant control rates were 89%, 62%, 80%, respectively. Of 9 patients with pretreatment tumor-related CW pain, 7 (78%) reported improvement after treatment. Regarding toxicity, 2 of 13 (15%) experienced new or worsening CW pain (both grade ≤ 2); 3 cases (23%) of grade 1-2 radiation pneumonitis developed. No patient exhibited late skin changes or fibrosis. Conclusion SBRT for NSCLC involving the CW was well tolerated, with promising early rates of tumor control and no grade ≥ 3 toxicity. Tumor-related CW pain was relieved in most patients, and the treatment-related toxicity rates appeared acceptable. Further investigation in this subset of patients with NSCLC is warranted.
Growth hormone is permissive for neoplastic colon growth.

Growth hormone (GH) excess in acromegaly is associated with increased precancerous colon polyps and soft tissue adenomas, whereas short-stature humans harboring an inactivating GH receptor mutation do not develop cancer. We show that locally expressed colon GH is abundant in conditions predisposing to colon cancer and in colon adenocarcinoma-associated stromal fibroblasts. Administration of a GH receptor (GHR) blocker in acromegaly patients induced colon p53 and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), reversing progrowth GH signals. p53 was also induced in skin fibroblasts derived from short-statured humans with mutant GHR. GH-deficient prophet of pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (Prop1)−/− mice exhibited induced colon p53 levels, and cross-breeding them with Apcmin+/− mice that normally develop intestinal and colon tumors resulted in GH-deficient double mutants with markedly decreased tumor number and size. We also demonstrate that GH suppresses p53 and reduces apoptosis in human colon cell lines as well as in induced human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal organoids, and confirm in vivo that GH suppresses colon mucosal p53/p21. GH excess leads to decreased colon cell phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), increased cell survival with down-regulated APC, nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition factors and colon cell motility. We propose that GH is a molecular component of the “field change” milieu permissive for neoplastic colon growth.
Modeling Monetary Economies: an Equivalence Result †

This paper offers a methodological contribution to monetary theory. First, it presents a typical cash-in-advance model based on Lucas (1984) and then specializes it to preferences and shocks assumed in the model of Lagos and Wright (2005). Second, it derives the main equations describing allocations under competitive pricing and demonstrates that the two models–which on the surface appear different–are mathematically equivalent. Third, such equivalence result is extended to stationary equilibrium under non-competitive pricing: in each model, allocations depend on a free parameter controlling price markups.
Rapid MR Imaging

The need to reduce motion artifacts and overall scan time in diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided the initial impetus for the development of rapid MR imaging. Rapid MRI has found a number of important clinical applications such as functional, perfusion, and cardiac imaging. Because of its vast potential and already proven importance for biomedical imaging, rapid MR scanning has been an active area of MRI research. A reduction in MRI scan time is commonly achieved by using two different approaches individually or in combination. The underlying strategy in the first approach is to shorten the time needed to collect NMR signals required for image reconstruction. This can be achieved by using a number of developed techniques such as gradient-echo imaging with short repetition times, echo-planar imaging, fast spin-echo imaging, and spiral imaging. These imaging techniques are discussed in detail in this chapter. In the second approach, known as partial k-space acquisition, a reduction in scan time is achieved by collecting only a fraction of full k-space data required to implement the conventional reconstruction algorithm. Using additional assumptions about the properties of the imaged object performs image reconstruction in this approach. Two of the partial k-space acquisition techniques are also discussed.
Dense Hydrocarbon Structures at Megabar Pressures

The structure, bonding, and other properties of phases in the carbon–hydrogen system over a range of conditions are of considerable importance to a broad range of scientific problems. However, the phase diagram of the C–H system at high pressures and temperatures is still not known. To search for new low-energy hydrocarbon structures, we carried out systematic structure prediction calculations for the C–H system from 100 to 300 GPa. We confirmed several previously predicted structures but found additional compositions that adopt more stable structures. In particular, a C2H4 structure is found that has an indirect band gap, and phonon calculations confirm that it is dynamically stable over a broad pressure range. We also identify more carbon-rich structures that are energetically favorable. The results are important for understanding carbon–hydrogen interactions in high-pressure experiments, dense astrophysical environments and the deep carbon cycle in planetary interiors.
Sex and Race Differences in the Association Between Statin Use and the Incidence of Alzheimer Disease

National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health [1RC4AG039036-01, P30AG043073-01]; University of Southern California Zumberge Research Fund [1R34AG049652]; Amgen
Non-equilibrium effects in VECSELs

A systematic study of microscopic many-body dynamics is used to analyze a strategy for how to generate ultrashort mode locked pulses in the vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a saturable absorber mirror. The field propagation is simulated using Maxwell’s equations and is coupled to the polarization from the quantum wells using the semiconductor Bloch equations. Simulations on the level of second Born-Markov are used to fit coefficients for microscopic higher order correlation effects such as dephasing of the polarization, carrier-carrier scattering and carrier relaxation. We numerically examine recent published experimental results on mode locked pulses, as well as the self phase modulation in the gain chip and SESAM.
William Wales: RMS Master 1776–1798

William Wales was RMS master from 1776 to 1798.At the time of his appointment he was obviously full ofthe practical navigation experience that might be expected of anyoneaccepting the responsibility of preparing boys to take up sea-related apprenticeships. Between August 1768 and September 1769,he had coped with the wilds, and the bitter cold, of Hudson Bay, in Canada, on a successful Royal Society mission to observe a transit of the planet Venus. Then, between 1772 and 1775,he had accompanied Captain James Cook on Cook’s second major journey.During his time at Christ’s Hospital,Wales developed a more positive attitude towards the work of the Grammar School than had previous RMS masters, and Trollope and Pearce claimed that hesucceeded in stabilizing RMS operations. Both Trollope and Pearce lauded Wales as the greatest of the RMS masters, but in this chapter that assessment of Wales’s performance as RMS master is problematized.
Genomics, Biology, and Human Illness: Advances in the Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases.

The monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of illnesses with prominent rheumatic manifestations that are characterized by genetically determined recurrent sterile inflammation and are thus inborn errors of innate immunity. Molecular targeted therapies against inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, and intracellular cytokine signaling pathways have proved effective in many cases. Emerging next-generation sequencing technologies have accelerated the identification of previously unreported genes causing autoinflammatory diseases. This review covers several of the prominent recent advances in the field of autoinflammatory diseases, including gene discoveries, the elucidation of new pathogenic mechanisms, and the development of effective targeted therapies.
Quaking aspen woodland after conifer control: tree and shrub dynamics.

Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis spp. occidentalis Hook.) woodlands are replacing many lower elevation (<2100 m) quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands in the northern Great Basin. We evaluated two juniper removal treatments (Fall, Spring) to restore aspen woodlands in southeast Oregon, spanning a 15-year period. The Fall treatment involved cutting 1/3 of the juniper followed by a high severity broadcast burn one year later in October 2001. The Spring treatment involved cutting 2/3 of the juniper followed by a low severity broadcast burn 18 months later in April 2002. The cut trees increased the amount of dry fuels to carry fire through stands. We tested the effectiveness of treatments at removing juniper from seedlings to mature trees, assessed aspen ramet recruitment and development, and evaluated recovery of the shrub layer. In the Fall treatment, burning eliminated all remaining juniper trees and saplings, stimulated an 8-fold increase in aspen density (16,000 ha⁻¹) and increased aspen cover 6-fold compared to the untreated controls. After 15 years, aspen density in the Spring treatment was about 1/3 of the Fall treatment, however, aspen cover did not differ from the Fall treatment. Because spring burning was less effective at removing juniper, leaving about 20% of the mature trees and 50% of the saplings, retreatment of conifers will be necessary to maintain the aspen community. In the Fall treatment, juniper began establishing within 15 years after conifer control indicating retreatment might be necessary earlier than expected. Total shrub cover and density in the Spring treatment was greater than the control and Fall treatments. Cover and density of sprouting shrub species, particularly western snowberry (Symphoricarpus oreophilus Gray), increased and were greater in the Spring treatments than the Fall treatment where they had declined. Shrubs that increased in the Fall treatment were species where seed germination is enhanced by fire, especially snowbrush (Ceanothus velutinus Douglas ex Hook) and wax currant (Ribes cereum Dougl.). If an objective is to maintain or increase native understories the Spring treatment was more effective than the Fall treatment for recovering the shrub layer.
Recent Topics Around Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1

Introduction Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is complex with regard to clinical expressions, management, and molecular pathways. Advances are being made broadly and in focused aspects. Selected topics are presented for their developments since publication of the most recent MEN1 consensus guidelines 6 years ago. Methods Topics were selected for clinical impact or broad interest or both. For each topic, information was obtained from original reports and reviews. Results The selected topics are as follows: tumor behavior and breast cancer in MEN1; foregut neuroectoderm tumor screening, biomarkers periodically to detect tumor emergence of foregut neuroectoderm tumors, 68Ga dotatate positron emission tomography/computed tomography for pancreatic and duodenal neuroectodermal tumor imaging, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor scintigraphy for insulinoma; therapy, the size of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as one criterion for surgery, minimally invasive surgery of pancreatic NETs, and 177Lu dotatate therapy; MEN1 gene, the search for the MEN1/menin pathway and MEN1 or GCM2 mutation in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, and MEN1 mutation-positive vs mutation-negative cases of MEN1 are different. Conclusions MEN1 topics are a rich and fast-moving area. Important highlights stand out, and major and rapid advances will continue into the near future.
MANUALS, MORPHISMS AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

Publisher Summary In this chapter, the physical operations implicit in the formalism of quantum theory is argued and banded together to form a mathematical structure called a manual. The terminology is meant to suggest a coherent collection or catalogue of experiments. A class of morphisms called extractions provides “explanations” for laboratory phenomena by revealing that outcomesthat were presumed to be simple are actually composite. In the language of category theory, one seeks a morphism from the manual of laboratory procedures into a manual that serves as a mathematical model in the sense that it is adequately descriptive and mathematically tractable. In orthodox quantum mechanics, the self adjoint operators on a Hilbert space represent the observables. The chapter explains that the so-called quantum logics are useful—but not faithful—images of the manual of physical operations implicit in the quantum formalism; it is the manual and not the derived quantum logics that is physically primitive.
Teaching Journalism Ethics Through “The Newsroom”: An Enhanced Learning Experience:

As documented in multiple fields, students taking ethics courses can benefit from alternative pedagogical approaches using television shows for learning. This article explores the journalistic ethi...
Many-Body Potentials for Hexagonal Close-Packed Metals

Empirical many-body potentials are currently replacing pair potentials in studies of defects in metallic materials. The two widely used forms of potentials are the embedded-atom (Daw and Baskes 1984) and the Finnis-Sinclair types (Finnis and Sinclair 1984). Although these two approaches are based on different physical models, they reduce to very similar schemes on the empirical level (Johnson 1988). Recently, both approaches have been successfully used in a number of studies of defects in cubic transition and noble metals, most notably, in studies of surfaces (Daw and Baskes 1984, Ackland, Tichy, Vitek and Finnis 1987), point defects (Finnis and Sinclair 1984, Ackland et al. 1987) and cracks (Baskes, Foiles and Daw 1988). In these schemes, the total energy of a system of atoms consists of two parts, a many-body term and a pair potential, which are both determined by empirical fitting. An important point is that the many-body term plays a role analogous to that of the density dependent term in pair-potential schemes, but is now an explicit function of atomic positions. Hence, in contrast to pair-potentials, constant pressure calculations can be carried out straightforwardly and density variations can be easily accounted for.
Nonspherical Giant Gravitons and Matrix Theory

We consider the plane wave limit of the nonspherical giant gravitons. We compute the Poisson brackets of the coordinate functions and find a nonlinear algebra. We show that this algebra solves the supersymmetry conditions of the matrix model. This is the generalization of the algebraic realization of the spherical membrane as the ``fuzzy sphere''. We describe finite dimensional representations of the algebra corresponding to the fuzzy torus.
Modeling the Dependence of Forest Growth on Environmental Influences

Modeling forest growth for yield prediction is at a fascinating stage of development. Yield prediction techniques, developed by forest mensurationists over decades and based on extensive empirical data bases, are increasingly being called into question. Burgeoning eco-physiological research offers tantalizing glimpses of mechanistic explanations of the growth process and the promise that new prediction techniques can be developed.
Student attendance reporting prototype using SSQL

At the University of Mississippi, there is an initiative to use barcode scanners on large classrooms to better manage attendance records. Like most major universities, any plans to introduce a new system of any kind on a large scale can require a significant amount of financial support, human resources, and approval from many departments. Before a campus wide system is implemented, it is often a good approach to build a prototype system to better estimate implementation feasibility and proposed benefits versus cost. This paper demonstrates how the Simple Stream Query Language (SSQL) can be used to help rapidly develop a prototype reporting system focused on querying data from these barcode scanners before a large-scale system is implemented. SSQL is an easy-to-use data stream query language that runs in a standalone interpreter.
Variation in Pidgins and Creoles

The linguistic conflicts and choices encountered by pidgin and creole speakers have resulted in a wide-ranging repertoire of overlapping varieties. Although pidgins generally disappear or are restricted to specific functions, creoles are often maintained in their native communities, and retain high prestige, even as creole speakers concomitantly acquire more formal varieties. The range of lectal possibilities, from basilect to mesolect to acrolect is illustrated (some samples are accompanied by audio clips). One important aspect of all creoles and related continua is that they are not imperfect approximations of a local standard, but have distinctive functions and raison d'etre.
The Expanding Role of Ketogenic Diets in Adult Neurological Disorders

The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of adult epilepsy, adult malignant glioma and Alzheimer’s disease. An overview of the scientific literature, both preclinical and clinical, in each area is presented and management strategies for addressing adverse effects and compliance are discussed.
The Psychology of Rhetorical Images

The range of visual elements that could be considered rhetorical is vast, as evidenced by the many types of visuals that are examined and analyzed in the chapters of this volume. The rhetorical analysis of visuals could be extended even further, to include types not directly addressed in this volume, including landscapes and public memorials. It is exciting and important that the field of rhetoric is taking account of so many different types of visuals, partly because doing so helps us understand how rhetorical elements work in forms of expression that are not obviously and explicitly persuasive. For my purposes in this chapter, I will concentrate on representational images-visuals that are clearly designed to represent a recognizable person, object, or situationwhile recognizing that such images constitute only a subset of the types of visual elements that could be productively examined as rhetorical elements.
Who Needs Special Education Professional Development?: International Trends from TALIS 2013

Although access to formal education has improved internationally for children with disabilities, concerns remain about education quality for this student population. Using data on 121 173 teachers from 38 countries in the 2013 Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), this study examined the qualifications and professional development (PD) needs of teachers who work with children with special needs. The results indicate that teachers responsible for students with special needs had, on average, lower qualifications, worked in itinerant positions more frequently and expressed greater professional development need than colleagues who did not teach students with special needs. The need for professional development among teachers who taught special needs students was lowest in schools with greater instructional leadership. Additionally, only a small percentage of teachers reported that their professional development had a positive impact on their instruction. The paper discusses policy implications for teacher recruitment and designing professional development.
Threshold dynamics of reaction–diffusion partial differential equations model of Ebola virus disease

We study the reaction–diffusion Ebola PDE model that consists of equations that govern the evolution of susceptible, infected, recovered and deceased human individuals, as well as Ebola virus patho...
Transnormativity and Transgender Identity Development: A Master Narrative Approach

Despite rapidly shifting social dynamics and the recent increase in scholarship on transgender identity development, existing research on transgender identity has been theoretically isolated from the broader study of identity. This study involved a series of 4 qualitative focus groups (n = 15 participants), conducted in the United States, to identify master and alternative narratives guiding transgender identity development and explore the mechanisms by which transgender individuals navigate and negotiate with these narrative constraints. Results suggest that (a) transnormativity is best conceptualized as a hegemonic alternative narrative that resists the master narrative of cisnormativity, which asserts that cisgender identities are “normal” or “standard”; (b) the components of transnormativity go beyond those which have been previously described in the literature; (c) individuals negotiate with transnormativity through both resisting transnormativity and conceding to transnormativity; and (d) border wars within the trans community form on the basis of these opposing and contradictory processes of resisting and conceding. Results demonstrate the applicability of the Master Narrative framework for studying transgender identity development and the important role of master and alternative narratives of in shaping the lives and experiences of transpeople. Psychotherapists can use these findings to engage clients in re-authoring conversations to affirm the legitimacy of clients’ unique identity experiences.
Grb10 Is a Tumor Suppressor in Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and potentially fatal hematologic malignancy. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for most subtypes of AML, but carries a significant risk of transplant-related mortality. The development of novel therapies to eradicate AML remains a substantial area of unmet medical need. Growth factor receptor bound protein 10 (Grb10) is a member of the family of imprinted genes. Our laboratory demonstrated that in normal hematopoietic system, deletion of the maternal allele of Grb10 significantly increased hematopoietic stem cell long-term repopulating capacity (Yan et al. Cell Rep 2016). Grb10 has been shown to bind the intracellular domain of various tyrosine kinase receptors, e.g. KIT, FLT3 and RET, as well as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6, a negative regulator of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Analyzing RNAseq data from the Leucegene Project, we found that Grb10 is expressed on the majority of patient AML samples regardless of leukemia mutation profile. Silencing of Grb10 expression via Grb10 shRNA increased the proliferation and colony forming capacity of human AML cell lines, Kasumi-1, THP-1 and OCI-AML3 in vitro (p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
NATIONAL AGE RELATED OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK THAT UNDERWENT PERCUTANEOUS LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE PLACEMENT

Percutaneous LV assist device (PLVAD) placement has shown promise in improving hemodynamic support in patients presenting with STEMI and cardiogenic shock. Despite the rise in incidence of cardiogenic shock during STEMI, limited data is noted regarding which individuals benefit most from
Exome genotyping and linkage analysis identifies two novel linked regions and replicates two others for myopia in Ashkenazi Jewish families

Myopia is one of most common eye diseases in the world and affects 1 in 4 Americans. It is a complex disease caused by both environmental and genetics effects; the genetics effects are still not well understood. In this study, we performed genetic linkage analyses on Ashkenazi Jewish families with a strong familial history of myopia to elucidate any potential causal genes. Sixty-four extended Ashkenazi Jewish families were previously collected from New Jersey. Genotypes from the Illumina ExomePlus array were merged with prior microsatellite linkage data from these families. Additional custom markers were added for candidate regions reported in literature for myopia or refractive error. Myopia was defined as mean spherical equivalent (MSE) of -1D or worse and parametric two-point linkage analyses (using TwoPointLods) and multi-point linkage analyses (using SimWalk2) were performed as well as collapsed haplotype pattern (CHP) analysis in SEQLinkage and association analyses performed with FBAT and rv-TDT. Strongest evidence of linkage was on 1p36(two-point LOD = 4.47) a region previously linked to refractive error (MYP14) but not myopia. Another genome-wide significant locus was found on 8q24.22 with a maximum two-point LOD score of 3.75. CHP analysis also detected the signal on 1p36, localized to the LINC00339 gene with a maximum HLOD of 3.47, as well as genome-wide significant signals on 7q36.1 and 11p15, which overlaps with the MYP7 locus. We identified 2 novel linkage peaks for myopia on chromosomes 7 and 8 in these Ashkenazi Jewish families and replicated 2 more loci on chromosomes 1 and 11, one previously reported in refractive error but not myopia in these families and the other locus previously reported in the literature. Strong candidate genes have been identified within these linkage peaks in our families. Targeted sequencing in these regions will be necessary to definitively identify causal variants under these linkage peaks.
Dysnatremia in the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Unit: incidence and Outcomes in Post-operative Congenital Heart Disease Patients

“Background” Abnormalities of sodium balance (dysnatremia) are one of the most common electrolyte disorders in intensive care and have been associated with adverse outcomes in a number of adult populations. Few studies have examined the incidence and outcome of dysnatremia in pediatric patients following cardiac surgery. The objective of this study is to better understand the incidence of dysnatremia in pediatric patients following congenital heart surgery and its impact on outcome. “Methods” Retrospective chart review of children under 18 years old …
Sigmoidal approximations of Heaviside functions in neural lattice models

Abstract A sigmoidal neural field lattice system is developed based on an Amari-Hopfield neural field lattice model, in which the Heaviside function is replaced by a simplifying sigmoidal function characterized by a small parameter e. First the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the resulting sigmoidal lattice system is studied. Then the solutions of the sigmoidal lattice system are shown to converge to the solution of the Heaviside lattice system as e → 0 , through an inflated lattice system which contains both of them. Moreover the attractors for the sigmoidal and inflated lattice systems are studied and compared to the attractor for the Heaviside lattice system.
The Piedra Chamana fossil woods and leaves: a record of the vegetation and palaeoenvironment of the Neotropics during the late middle Eocene.

Background and aims The Piedra Chamana fossil forest in northern Peru is an assemblage of angiosperm woods and leaves preserved in volcaniclastic rocks dated to 39 Mya (late Middle Eocene). We analysed the anatomical and morphological features of the fossils to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment during this time of global warmth, taking advantage of the co-occurrence of woods and leaves to compare different proxies and analytical approaches. Methods Wood characters analysed include vessel-related functional traits, traits linked to Baileyan trends, and quantitative features such as vessel diameter and density. Diameter-distribution and diameter and position plots are used to represent vessel diameter and arrangement. Leaf margin and area analysis provides additional climate estimates. Key results The fossil woods show many similarities with modern tropical-forest woods and tropical fossil-wood assemblages; closest correspondence within the Neotropics is to semi-deciduous lowland tropical forest with moderate precipitation (~1000-1200 mm). Features unusual for the modern South American tropics are mainly vessel-related characters (semi-ring porosity, grouped vessels, helical vessel thickenings, short vessel elements) linked to water stress or seasonal water availability. Leaf analysis indicates mean annual temperature of 31 °C (n = 19, 100 % entire-margined) and mean annual precipitation of 1290 mm (n = 22, predominantly microphylls and notophylls). Conclusions The palaeovegetation was clearly lowland tropical forest with a dry aspect, but anomalous aspects of the wood anatomy are consistent with the high temperatures indicated by the leaves and are probably explained by differences in seasonality and water stress compared to the present-day Neotropics. A close modern analogue may be in very seasonal regions of Asia. Pronounced monsoonal (summer-rain) conditions may relate to a location (palaeolatitude of 13°S) outside the near-equatorial tropics.
P450 in the angiogenesis affair: the unusual suspect.

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process of growth and differentiation of new blood vessels in the body. Angiogenesis is new vessel growth from pre-existing vessels by budding, sprouting, and subsequent formation of patent capillaries with lumens, whereas vasculogenesis is new vessel growth from endothelial cell precursors, or stem cells.1,2 Both processes occur at different times in different tissues and are likely regulated by complex sets of effectors in physiological and pathological conditions. In recent years, many potent peptide growth factors and cytokines were identified that regulate the angiogenesis process. They include basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial (VEGF), insulin-like (IGF-I), hepatocyte (HGF), platelet-derived (PDGF), placenta (PlGF), pigment epithelium-derived (PEDF), transforming (TGF-β) growth factors, stromal-derived factor (STF), interleukin (IL)-6, -8, and -10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and angiopoetins (for review, see3). Some of these factors are proangiogenic, whereas the others are antiangiogenic. Angiogenic factors act on endothelial cells through cell surface receptors that mediate downstream signaling eliciting mitogenic and motogenic cell responses. In recent years, some signaling pathways of angiogenic growth factor/cytokine receptors have been unraveled. For instance, the importance of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) in VEGF signaling has been emphasized and exploited for therapeutic purposes.4 At the same time, many aspects of receptor signaling that mediate angiogenic responses remain unclear.3