cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON THE OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLIES IN URBAN ELECTRIC NETWORK

The optimal allocation of emergency power supplies should consider the distribution of existing distributed generators, capacity of existing emergency power suppliers in each local district utility and important customers' needs. Based on the relationship between power supply reliability and economy, the optimum model of emergency power supplies has been proposed in this paper with the minimum total cost as objective function and some constraints such as time and capacity etc.. In order to determine the number and capacity of mobile power generating vehicles equipped in each local district utility, an optimal algorithm of emergency power supplies based on genetic algorithm is put forward. The model and algorithm brought forward are proved by a practical example and software development based on GIS. The study results help to improve power supply reliability and the ability of urban electric network for emergency situation, reduce customers' outage costs and guarantee power system with preventive and emergency measures facing natural and man-made disasters.
Ethidium bromide preferentially releases high mobility group chromosomal proteins HMGc and HMGd from wheat embryo nuclei

The High Mobility Group (HMG) chromosomal proteins have been implicated as structural proteins of transcriptionally poised chromatin in animal systems. Despite the suspected functions of these proteins, no bioassay for them exists and they are defined operationally (by the procedures used to isolate and purify them). Plant systems have chromosomal proteins that can be operationally defined as HMG proteins. However, because of the lack of suitable bioassays and because the plant HMG proteins are structurally distinct from their putative animal counterparts, no clear relationship between plant and animal HMG proteins has been established. One diagnostic characteristic of vertebrate animal HMG proteins is that a subset of them is released from chromatin by intercalating agents that affect the topology of DNA. We show here that wheat (Triticum aestivum) embryo HMGc and HMGd (but not HMGa and HMGb) are preferentially released from nuclei treated with 7.5 mM ethidium bromide. Because vertebrate animal HMG14/17 (but not HMG1/2) displays this characteristic, the observation suggests that these wheat chromosomal proteins may be the plant analogs of vertebrate HMG14/17.
Inflation model of Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, constrained by satellite radar interferometry observations

[1] We analyzed RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to compute interferometric SAR (InSAR) images of surface deformation at Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, Russia. From 2000 to 2003 approximately 0.15 m of inflation occurred at Uzon caldera, extending beneath adjacent Kikhpinych volcano. This contrasts with InSAR data showing no significant deformation during either the 1999 to 2000, or 2003 to 2004, time periods. We performed three sets of numerical source inversions to fit InSAR data from three different swaths spanning 2000 to 2003. The preferred source model is an irregularly shaped, pressurized crack, dipping ∼20° to the NW, 4 km below the surface. The geometry of this solution is similar to the upper boundary of the geologically inferred magma chamber. Extension of the surface deformation and source to adjacent Kikhpinych volcano, without an eruption, suggests that the deformation is more likely of hydrothermal origin, possibly driven by recharge of the magma chamber.
The impact of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic on the philosophy of childbirth

Few other specialists in medicine are as exposed to body fluids as obstetricians. Anxiety among these health care providers is therefore considerable. Guidelines for universal infection precautions are aimed at minimizing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by the creation of adequate physical barriers between the patient and the health care provider. Some of these guidelines are mutually exclusive to currently popular childbirth techniques in the very practical sense. However, the more important impact of universal infection precautions is likely to be psychological. Anxiety and the necessity for physical isolation are probably the worst basis for an empathic human relationship with the patient. It is the current challenge of obstetrics to maintain a sensitive and client-centered approach while judiciously dealing with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic.
Crossed-beam liquid chromatoraph—mass spectrometer combination

Abstract A new approach to combined liquid chromatograph—mass spectrometry is described which uses laser vaporization of the liquid chromatographic (LC) effluent and molecular beam techniques to transport and ionize the sample. A key feature of this approach is that samples eluting from the LC are vaporized, ionized, and mass analyzed with minimal contact with solid surfaces. Results are presented on the performance of the crossed-beam system for relatively volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and for components of nuclei acids—bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides— which provide an interesting series of biologically important compounds of decreasing volatility and corresponding increasing difficulty for mass spectrometry. Mass spectra are presented which were obtained by laser vaporization of samples from the LC effluent under both reversed-phase and ion-exchange conditions.
Schistosoma mansoni:Characterization of an α1–3 Fucosyltransferase in Adult Parasites

We report that extracts of Schistosoma mansoni contain a GDPFuc:Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc (Fuc to GlcNAc) alpha 1-3 fucosyltransferase (alpha 1,3 FT) capable of synthesizing the antigenic determinant known as Lewis x (Le(x), Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc beta 1-R). When the acceptor lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc) was incubated with extracts of S. mansoni in the presence of GDPFuc and Mn2+, Fuc was transferred to generate the pentasaccharide lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII, Gal beta 1-4[Fuc alpha 1-3]GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal Beta 1-4Glc). The enzyme did not transfer efficiently to the isomeric oligosaccharide lacto-N-tetraose (LNT, Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc). The activity of the schistosome alpha 1,3 FT toward LNnT was dependent upon time, protein and GDPFuc. Interestingly, the schistosome alpha 1,3 FT was also able to transfer Fuc to a sialic acid-containing trisaccharide NeuAc alpha 2-3 Gal beta 1-4 GlcNAc to produce the tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewis x (2,3 sLe(x), NeuAc alpha 2-3 Gal beta 1-4[Fuc 1-3]GlcNAc), although the rate of reaction with the sialylated acceptor was <5% of the rate obtained toward nonsialylated acceptor. The schistosome alpha 1,3 FT was relatively resistant to inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide. The enzymatic properties of the schistosome alpha 1,3 FT resemble those of the human myeloid fucosyltransferase FTIV and not those of other known human fucosyltransferase.
Standing waves for discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations: sign-changing nonlinearities

We consider the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation with infinitely growing potential and sign-changing power nonlinearity. Making use of critical point theory, we prove an existence and multiplicity result for standing wave solutions.
Downregulation of the phosphatase nuclear targeting subunit (PNUTS) triggers pRB dephosphorylation and apoptosis in pRB positive tumor cell lines.

Commentary to:Reduced expression of PNUTS leads to activation of Rb-phosphatase and caspase-mediated apoptosis Gabriel De Leon , Tara C. Sherry, Nancy A. Krucher
Solubility and partitioning of carbamazepine in a two-phase supercritical carbon dioxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone system.

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) processing of drug/polymer mixtures is an environmentally friendly means of creating an impregnated polymeric carrier to enhance the aqueous dissolution rate of drugs that exhibit poor water solubility or are thermally labile. However, the role of drug solubilization and its interaction with the polymer during scCO2 processing on the extent and rate of dissolution has been ambiguous. In this study, we examine the rate of dissolution of carbamazepine (CBZ), a hydrophobic drug for treating epilepsy, in scCO2 (90–200 bar, 35 °C and 45 °C) and its partitioning into polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, 10 and 29 K MW) using in situ UV–vis spectroscopy. Our results show that partitioning occurs by surface adsorption and impregnation within the polymer matrix. These processes are linked to plasticization, which is dependent on PVP molecular weight, and temperature and pressure during treatment. The rate and extent of CBZ solubility is also controlled by treatment condition. The ability to tune polymer and drug simultaneously can be used to control the nature and extent of drug loading.
CONJUGATE FEATURES OF MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRON DYNAMICS OBSERVED AT BALLOON ALTITUDES.

Analysis of recent observations (from balloons, spacecraft, and surface observatories) demonstrate regional, shell, and nearpoint conjugacy at L ∼ 7 during precipitative events which were characterized by local acceleration as well as release of gradient-drifted electrons injected during substorms.
A mixed linear model with linear covariance structure: a sensitivity analysis of maximum likelihood estimators

Incomplete and mistimed longitudinal data are common problems in longitudinal studies of free living populations. One possible approach to the analysis of longitudinal data with randomly missing or mistimed data uses a mixed effects model. While the theory underlying this approach is not new (Harville, 1977), very little has been published about its actual application. The objective of this paper is to examine the behavior of the maximum likelihood estimates of mixed effects model parameters when the distribution of the parameters underlying the data is known. Specifically, the effects of different values of the error covariance parameters and missing and mistimed data are considered. Two iterative methods, the Method of Scoring and the EM algorithm, were utilized to solve the maximum likelihood equations. In the setting considered here, the Method of Scoring and the EM algorithm worked well for the analysis of longitudinal data with missing and/or mistimed data. The variance of the parameter estimates in...
Dynamic response of the dielectric and electro-optic properties of epitaxial-ferroelectric thin films

An analysis of the dynamic dielectric and electro-optic relaxation response of thin-film ferroelectrics is presented. The analysis is based upon the relaxation of ferroelectric domains with a continuous distribution of sizes given by percolation theory. The resulting temporal response is described by the expression $\ensuremath{\Phi}(t)\ensuremath{\propto}{t}^{\ensuremath{-}m}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}(t/\ensuremath{\tau}{)}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}].$ The analysis was applied to ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$ thin films. Measurements of the polarization, birefringence, and dielectric transients show qualitative agreement with the model over 11 orders of magnitude in time.
Helium ion induced erosion of calcium fluoride thin films

Abstract Calcium fluoride thin films of 17 nm and 105 nm have been evaporated onto a Be substrate in ultrahigh vacuum and subsequently subjected to irradiation at room temperature by 250 keV and 280 keV He + ions. Periodically during the irradiations, the films' compositions and thicknesses were evaluated by time-of- flight medium energy backscattering spectrometry (MEBS) also using He + ions. A total fluence of 2.0 × 10 17 He + /cm 2 was found to remove 82% of the fluorine from the thinner foil but to leave the areal density of Ca undiminished. On the thicker foil, a fluence of 2.3 × 10 17 He + /cm 2 removed 38% of the fluorine. More significantly, the F concentration was found to diminish uniformly throughout the volume of the film as the irradiation progressed. In each case, the initial desorption yield of fluorine atoms was found to be 0.7–0.8 per beam ion.
Sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model for photochemical air pollution

The effect of simultaneous ± 50 per cent uncertainties in the emission and meteorological parameters on the predictions of a mathematical model for photochemical air pollution is studied. Predicted concentrations are found to be most sensitive to uncertainties in mixing height, photolysis intensity, initial conditions and emission intensity. A general method for air quality model sensitivity analysis is discussed and employed.
Statistical Computation of Reaction Probabilities. II

Calculations have been carried out on a high‐speed electronic digital computer to determine statistically the transition probability for a simple chemical reaction. Using the London‐Eyring‐Polanyi form for the potential energy of the colinear system, H+H2, we have solved the classical equations of motion for the system under a great variety of conditions. Collisions of a hydrogen atom and a hydrogen molecule, with and without initial molecular vibration, were studied as a function of the total kinetic energy. By carrying out numerous calculations for a sufficiently large number of different initial conditions, we obtained an average behavior of the system, which we believe provides a satisfactory approximation to the quantum mechanical average. It was found that the reaction probability was greatest when the energy was just slightly above the activation energy. Moreover, it was observed that, if the molecule was initially vibrating, only a part of the energy of vibration was available for reducing the kinetic energy of translation required for activation. It was also found that the conversion of energy between vibration and translation was relatively improbable.
Weakly Charged Cationic Nanoparticles Induce DNA Bending and Strand Separation

The understanding of interactions between double stranded (ds) DNA and charged nanoparticles will have a broad bearing on many important applications from drug delivery [ 1 4 ] to DNAtemplated metallization. [ 5 , 6 ] Cationic nanoparticles (NPs) can bind to DNA, a negatively charged molecule, through a combination of electrostatic attraction, groove binding, and intercalation. Such binding events induce changes in the conformation of a DNA strand. In nature, DNA wraps around a cylindrical protein assembly (diameter and height of 6 nm) [ 7 ] with an 220 positive charge, [ 8 ] creating the complex known as chromatin. Wrapping and bending of DNA has also been achieved in the laboratory through the binding of highly charged species such as molecular assemblies, [ 9 , 10 ] cationic dendrimers, [ 11 , 12 ] and nanoparticles. [ 13 15 ] The charge of a nanoparticle plays a crucial role in its ability to induce DNA structural changes. If a nanoparticle has a highly positive surface charge density, the DNA is likely to wrap and bend upon binding to the nanoparticle [ 13 ] (as in the case of chromatin). On the other hand, if a nanoparticle is weaklymore » charged it will not induce dsDNA compaction. [ 9 , 10 , 15 ] Consequently, there is a transition zone from extended to compact DNA conformations which depends on the chemical nature of the nanoparticle and occurs for polycations with charges between 5 and 10. [ 9 ] While the interactions between highly charged NPs and DNA have been extensively studied, the processes that occur within the transition zone are less explored.« less
An experimental approach to the demonstration of a single generation of exo-erythrocytic schizonts in Plasmodium Berghev

Abstract The paper describes experiments aimed at the elucidation of the fate of the exo-erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium berghei. A laboratory bred tree-rat (Thamnomys surdaster) was inoculated with 3 million sporozoites of Plasmodium berghei NK65 by the intravenous route. 51 hours later the animal was killed and its liver, containing very large numbers of mature exo-erythrocytic schizonts and free merozoites, was homogenized in Ringer solution with the addition of 5% hamster serum. 2 laboratory raised tree-rats and 5 A/J mice were inoculated intravenously and intraperitoneally with the infective homogenate. Liver biopsies from these animals were obtained at 48, 72, 96 and 118 hours following the administration of the homogenate. A careful study of over 500 histological sections prepared from the liver biopsies did not reveal a single exoerythrocytic schizont. The author concludes that in P. berghei originating from the highlands of Katanga, only a single generation of exo-erythrocytic schizont is formed, and all merozoites developed from these pre-erythrocytic schizonts are destined to invade erythrocytes.
Electrocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the presence of left bundle-branch block.

It is generally accepted that most myocardial infarctions are obscured on the electrocardiogram by left bundle-branch block. The number of published cases in which this could be evaluated, however, is small, and the case reports are scattered. We have studied 30 cases of myocardial infarction with left bundle-branch block in which the location of the infarction could be determined with certainty, by autopsy, or by a previous electrocardiogram with normal intraventricular conduction. Twenty such published cases have also been collected. Electrocardiographic abnormalities have been correlated with infarctions in different locations. The possible specificity of these abnormalities is discussed.
Raceway Spawning of Florida Largemouth Bass: Effects of Acclimation Time and Hormone Treatment on Spawning Success

Abstract Several acclimation periods and hormone treatments were tried to determine their effects on controlled spawning of 2-year-old Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus). During the first season, fish were acclimated to raceways for 0–8 weeks before spawning; males and females were separated during acclimation. There was an inverse relationship between the length of the acclimation period and latency of first spawn after the sexes were mixed. The longest acclimation periods resulted in the shortest latencies; however, once spawning began, the rate of spawning (interval between spawns) was similar across treatments. During the second season, unacclimated and 2-week-acclimated largemouth bass were injected with saline, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 4,000 IU/kg body weight) or [D-ala6pro9-N-ethylamide]-luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-A; 0.5 mg/kg body weight). Injections of HCG induced spawning quicker, and produced more spawns and fry, than injections of LHRH-A or sa...
Two different infrared sensor systems for lateral control of a mobile robot

ABSTRACT This paper presents two different topologies for an infrared sensor system for line tracking in a mobile robot. One topologyis based on using analog data from the sensor system and the other one uses discrete information. Comparative analysis ofthe two systems is provided.Keywords: small scale, models, ITS INTRODUCTION FLASH (Flexible Low-cost Automated Scaled Highway )laboratory is a small scale (approximately 1/15th) instrumentedmodel of the AHS (Automated Highway System) system (component of Intelligent Transportation Systems or ITS) and is presently in development'8. In this laboratory, small scale instrumented vehicles are used for experimentation. The laboratory is being developed so that it will have a modular and portable highway vehicle system which can be easilymodified to suit various experimentation needs. This laboratory can be used to test the effects of various alternative methodsfor the different aspects of AHS on the system.This laboratory consists of small scale robotic vehicles (figure 1) which are used for performing various experiments such asline tracking, longitudinal control, etc. Two types of infrared lateral control sensors were used for line tracking. The twosystems are described next with some comparative analysis.
The effect of centrally administered adenosine on fetal breathing movements.

Abstract The central effects of the adenosine analogue l -2-N 6 -( phenylisopropyl ) adenosine ( l -PIA) on breathing movements was determined by making injections into the fourth ventricle in unanesthetized fetal sheep. Administration of 0.5 μg l -PIA reduced the percent time during which fetal breathing occurred from 48.0 ± 5.2 (SEM) to 19.5 ± 6.1. Inspiratory slope was reduced to 62 ± 5.5 and 43 ± 5.7 percent of the control values when 0.2 and 0.5 μg l -PIA were given respectively. The effects of l -PIA on the percent time fetal breathing movements occurred and on inspiratory slope were prevented by the prior systemic administration of theophylline (plasma concentrations ∼15 μg/ml). When the vehicle for l -PIA, dimethyl sulfoxide in Ringer solution was given into the fourth ventricle or when 0.5 μg l -PIA was given systemically, there was no effect on fetal breathing. None of these protocols resulted in a change in sagittal sinus blood pH, PO2 or, PCO2. These data indicate adenosine acts at the brain stem to depress fetal respiratory drive.
Non-parametric inference of a failure time distribution when the failure times are estimated.

We consider the estimation of a failure time distribution F when, instead of N i.i.d. realizations T1, T2,…,TN from F, the observations consist of estimates of the Ti. If the Ti could be observed, a natural non-parametric estimator of F would be the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Thus, we examine the properties of the Kaplan–Meier estimator based on the estimates of the Ti. We also consider a weighted Kaplan–Meier estimator which gives more emphasis to those estimated times based on more information. We evaluate the small sample bias and precision of F when the estimated failure times arise from additive or multiplicative error structures. Because this problem has particular application in the study of non-compliance of subjects in clinical trials, we also investigate the bias and precision of the estimators of the distribution function based on a complex error structure that would arise in the non-compliance setting. Here Ti denotes the unobserved time to non-compliance for the ith subject, and is estimated using repeated observations from a laboratory marker whose behaviour is affected by non-compliance. The techniques are illustrated with the results of a recent AIDS clinical trial.
Numbers can be enriching

Abstract Numbers are words with distinctive properties that give them a special and important place in scholarly discourse in psychology. Among these are the ability to say the same thing to everybody, the stability of their meaning across time, and their manipulability. These properties make quantitative methods valuable tools in enriching research (research aimed at giving people a deeper, broader, more profound appreciation of the phenomenon) as well as in theory-building research (research aimed at improving a unified and coherent understanding). These views seem compatible with those advanced by Westerman [Westerman, M.A., 2006. Quantitative research as an interpretive enterprise: The mostly unacknowledged role of interpretation in research efforts and suggestions for explicitly interpretive quantitative investigations. New Ideas in Psychology , 24 , 189–211] and Yanchar [Yanchar, S.C., 2006. On the possibility of contextual-quantitative inquiry. New Ideas in Psychology, 24 , 212–228].
Questioning the Mailed Questionnaire as a Valid Instrument for Research in Nursing Education

A steadily increasing number of requests to participate in mailed questionnaire surveys was the impetus for an investigation of what nursing research texts say about this methodology as well as what the communications field has discovered about it. The body of knowledge about nursing education will not be expanded through reliance on the data collected by this spurious methodology.
Electronic structure and geometry of group IV semiconductor surfaces

Abstract Photoemission results for the electronic structure of group IV semiconductor surfaces (C, Si, Ge) are critically reviewed and implications on the surface geometry are discussed. Data are presented for surface states and for core level shifts of surface atoms.
Heat flux scaling experiments in NSTX

Abstract We report the first results of heat flux scaling experiments in National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). We find that the peak heat flux observed in the outer divertor was ∼6 MW/m2 at 5 MW heating power in lower-single-null diverted configuration. The peak heat flux was observed to increase with heating power, and the highest heat fluxes had narrow profile widths. The peak heat flux is lower than predicted by early 2-D edge transport conservative design calculations. However, the total power flow to the divertor is only 15–30% of the input power, suggesting other processes reduce the available open field line power which can be conducted and convected to the target.
Simulation of Many-Body Fermi Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer

We provide fast algorithms for simulating many-body Fermi systems on a universal quantum computer. Both first and second quantized descriptions are considered, and the relative computational complexities are determined in each case. In order to accommodate fermions using a first quantized Hamiltonian, an efficient quantum algorithm for antisymmetrization is given. Finally, a simulation of the Hubbard model is discussed in detail.
Improvement Happens : A Commercial IT Solution for Reviving Primary Care? An Interview with Hello Health CEO Nathanial Findlay and Colleagues

The Supreme Court decision upholding health reform and the 2012 residency match results notwithstanding, primary care remains threatened. Expectations are high, reimbursement is low, and practice can be chaotic, making it difficult to sustain the long-term patient–physician relationships that many doctors (and patients) find so rewarding. Hello Health, Inc. is a for-profit company1that seeks to reverse some of the trends that have disrupted primary care practice in recent decades. The company develops, markets, and installs practice support software in primary care physicians’ offices. Indeed, the software promises a remarkable range of functionality, from electronic health records to patient scheduling to support for doctor-patient videoconferencing. But the unique thing about this company is the financial model: they install the software for free and then support the physician in soliciting paid patient “subscribers.” Does the model work and can it help save primary care? To find out, JGIM spoke with Hello Health executives Nathanial Findlay (CEO), Stephen Armstrong (Vice President, Marketing), Steven Ferguson (Patient Management Officer), and Matt Beer (Director of Implementation). (Fig. 1).
Faqir or faker?: The Pakpattan tragedy and the politics of Sufism in Pakistan

Abstract On the night of April 1, 2001, over a hundred devotees were crushed to death in a mob stampede during the annual pilgrimage at the shrine of Pakistan's most famous Sufi saint, Baba Farid ad-Din Ganj-i Shakkar. This article explores this tragedy as a case study of the politics of Sufism. In today's Pakistan, Sufism remains an emotive, multi-valent and highly contested symbolda lightning rod in the contestation over Islamic identity, authority and authenticity. While most Pakistanis view Sufi saints as the embodiment of Islamic virtued-true faqirs (‘impoverished ones’) committed to a life of piety, self-sacrifice and public servicedthe detractors of the tradition dismiss them as fakers. Faqir or faker? The opposing answers to this question reveal how the Sufi tradition is argued and debated in Pakistan and throughout the modern Muslim world. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, I examine the differing responses of the state, the shrine custodians and a group of Chishti Sabiri Sufi disciples to the Pa...
An Empirical Investigation of the Motivational Determinants of Task Performance: Interactive Effects Between Instrumentality-Valence and Motivation-Ability

Abstract The present study was designed to operationalize and test two components of a motivational model thought to be useful in the explanation of productivity variations among operative workers. Vroom (1964) has suggested that performance can be thought of as a multiplicative function of motivation and ability [p = f(M · A)]. Motivation to perform a task can be postulated to vary with the valences (V) of outcomes associated with the performance of that task and the instrumentality (I) of performance for attainment of these desirable outcomes or for avoidance of undesirable outcomes. Thirty-two operative workers completed questionnaires designed to operationalize the concepts of valence and instrumentality and to test the interactive effects of V and I as well as M and A. A modified analysis of variance procedure, utilizing a “dummy variable” technique and stepwise multiple regression procedure, yielded support for the hypothesized interactive effects. Results are interpreted in terms of the Vroom model as well as other recent research yielding M · A effects.
Discovering signature of social networks with application to community detection

Today, any online social media collects a huge volume of data not just about who is linked with whom (aka link data) but also, about who is interacting with whom (aka interaction data). The presence of both variety and volume in these datasets pose new challenges, and thereby opportunities for the field of social network analysis (SNA). Traditionally, SNA techniques are designed to work only with the link data. Recently, there have been some attempts to analyze link data in conjunction with interaction data. In this paper, we advance this research agenda further by introducing a notion called signature of a social network and propose an efficient approach to compute it. The signature of a social network is essentially a sparse subgraph of the original social network such that it succinctly captures key information contained within the data sources (both linked and interaction data). The signature of a social network need not be unique. The value behind computing such a signature stems from the fact that once computed, any subsequent SNA (e.g. community detection, influence propagation, etc.) becomes much faster while not compromising much with quality. The concept of importance weights of the edges has been the guiding principle for us behind the idea of signature of a social network. In our approach, we start with deriving importance weights of the edges based on the information contained in these data sources. Next, we apply a novel graph sparsification technique to generate signature of the given social network by dropping edges that are not so informative. We demonstrate the efficacy of the signature of social network with an application to community detection on certain well-known social network datasets such as Digg, Youtube, Epinions, DBLP, and Amazon. We obtained effective community detection results on these datasets using our proposed approach while achieving about 40 times speed-up.
Principals’ sense of efficacy: the influence of the Arkansas Leadership Academy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between school principals’ sense of efficacy and their involvement with the Arkansas Leadership Academy's (the Academy) School Support Program (SSP). Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from participating SSP principals to explore differences in mean principal self-efficacy given varied years of participation in SSP. The Principal Self-Efficacy Survey was used to measure the construct of principal self-efficacy of 27 principals participating in the Academy's SSP for low-performing schools. Findings – The findings suggest that principals of low-performing schools that participated in the Arkansas Leadership Academy's SSP for more years have a stronger sense of leadership efficacy than principals of low-performing schools that are just beginning the SSP. Post hoc qualitative data were collected through a focus group discussion to provide insight regarding actual practices that led to increased perceived self-efficacy as a resul...
Dynamic stiffness formulation and free vibration analysis of centrifugally stiffened timoshenko beams

Abstract The dynamic stiffness matrix of a centrifugally stiffened Timoshenko beam has been developed and used to carry out a free vibration analysis. The governing differential equations of motion of the beam in free vibration are derived using Hamilton's principle and include the effect of an arbitrary hub radius. For harmonic oscillation the derivation leads to two different (but of similar form) fourth-order ordinary differential equations with variable coefficients that govern the amplitudes of bending displacement and bending rotation respectively. An outboard force at the end of the beam is taken into account which makes possible the free vibration analysis of rotating non-uniform or tapered Timoshenko beams. Using the Frobenius method of series solution and imposing boundary conditions, the dynamic stiffness matrix, which relates amplitudes of harmonically varying forces with the amplitudes of harmonically varying displacements at the ends of the element, is formulated. Applying the Wittrick–Williams algorithm to the resulting dynamic stiffness matrix the natural frequencies of a few carefully chosen illustrative examples are obtained. The results are compared with those available in the literature.
An Index Theorem for Super Derivations

We show that the Chern character given by a super-KMS functional on a quantum algebra can be interpreted in terms of the index of a super derivation on a projection of the algebra.
Transient Conductivity Measurements in Pulsed Ion Beam Melted Silicon

A pulsed proton beam, ˜200 ns in duration, has been used to melt and regrow single crystal silicon. The protons had an energy of 300 kev, yielding a measured energy density of 0.8–2.0 J/cm 2 . The method of transient conductivity has been used to determine the melt depths, melt durations, and regrowth velocities. The measured values for 2.0 J/cm 2 were, respectively, 1.7 μm, 2 μsec, and 1.4 m/sec. Computer generated melt curves were compared to experiment with good agreement. The energy required to initiate melt was determined, and a linear dependence of melt depth with energy has been observed.
Effect of Surface Oxygen Complexes of Activated Carbon on Phenol Adsorption from Single and Mixed Non‐Aqueous Solvents

Abstract The effects of heterogeneous oxygen groups of activated carbon on the adsorption of dissolved phenol in single and mixed solvents have been studied. Cyclohexane, heptane, and mixtures of cyclohexane and heptane with different volumetric ratios have been used as solvents. Solvent hydrophobicity, the capability of the molecules to H‐bond, and dispersive/repulsive interactions were found to be the main factors that affect the adsorption capacity. In a homogeneous mixed solvent, all phenol isotherms were very close to the pure heptane rather than pure cyclohexane isotherm for the untreated carbon, which has the lowest surface oxygen concentration. However, as the concentration of surface oxygen increases, phenol isotherms from the mixed solvents are more evenly distributed. It is suggested that selective segregation of the different solvents molecules (cyclohexane and heptane) can occur in the adsorbed phase based on differences in hydrophobicity between solvent molecules.
Improved interpretation of solar wind ion measurements via high-resolution magnetic field data

The Wind spacecraft’s Faraday cups (FC) continue to produce high-quality, in situ observations of thermal protons (i.e., ionized hydrogen) and α-particles (i.e., fully ionized helium) in the solar wind. By fitting a Wind/FC ion spectrum with a model velocity distribution function (VDF) for each particle species, values for density, bulk velocity, and temperature can be inferred. Incorporating measurements of the background magnetic field from the Wind Magnetic Field Investigation (MFI) allows perpendicular and parallel temperature components to be separated. Prior implementations of this analysis averaged the higher-cadence Wind/MFI measurements to match that of the Wind/FC ion spectra. However, this article summarizes recent and extensive revisions to the analysis software that, among other things, eliminate such averaging and thereby account for variations in the direction of the magnetic field over the time taken to measure the ions. A statistical comparison reveals that the old version consistently underestimates the temperature anisotropy of ion VDF’s: averaging over fluctuations in the magnetic field essentially blurs the perpendicular and parallel temperature components, which makes the plasma seem artificially more isotropic. The new version not only provides a more accurate dataset of ion parameters (which is well suited to the study of microkinetic phenomena), it also demonstrates a novel technique for jointly processing particle and field data. Such methods are crucial to heliophysics as wave-particle interactions are increasingly seen as playing an important role in the dynamics of the solar wind and similar space plasmas.
Evaluation of the i-STAT portable clinical analyzer for use in a helicopter

We evaluated the performance of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer (PCA) for use in a helicopter with the analyses performed by the flight nurses. Imprecision and initial split-sample comparative studies were performed in the Hospital Laboratory and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory. Day-to day imprecision (CV) ranged from 0.5 to 6.7% in the clinical laboratories and 0.5 to 5.3% in the helicopter with urea nitrogen and glucose determinations giving the highest values. Comparison studies between the PCA and the Kodak Ektachem E700 and the Beckman Astra 8 gave acceptable results, although urea nitrogen did show a bias in the high range (mean difference 4.91 and 3.69 mmol/L respectively). It was not considered medically significant for the anticipated patient population of the PCA in our hospitals. Comparison studies of patient specimens between the PCA in the helicopter and the clinical laboratories showed no significant differences, with the exception of glucose. Lower glucose values were obtained in the laboratory due to the time lag between specimen collection in the helicopter and analysis in the laboratory.
Wear phenomena in chemical mechanical polishing

Abstract Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has become a primary method for planarization of semiconductor wafers. The CMP process is a tribochemical process, which involves a simultaneous interaction between a polishing slurry, a semiconductor wafer, and a polishing pad. Mechanical and chemical-assisted wear dominate the entire CMP process. The material, chemical, mechanical and lubricating properties of the three mentioned bodies determine the controllability and quality of CMP. For semiconductor wafers, the material removal rate, surface roughness, the number of defects, and the surface flatness are the benchmarks of CMP performance. In this work, we examined the polished surfaces of waters and pads, using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and other surface analysis techniques. We investigated the properties vs. performance relationships of polishing pads, s;urries and wafers. We found that plastic deformation predominates the wear mechanisms of both wafer and pad materials. Wear of materials in CMP takes place over a wide range from the nanometer to micrometer scale.
The conditioning of some projection methods for Fredholm and singular integral equations

We consider a general scheme for bounding the condition number of matrices arising from projection methods for solving linear operator equations. Applications are given for some Galerkin and collocation methods for Fredholm and Cauchy singular integral equations.
Fertilizer placement effects on growth responses and nutrient uptake of sweet corn, snapbeans, tomatoes and cabbage

Abstract Fertilizer placement was studied in an extensive series of experiments on sweet corn (Zea mays L.), snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group), each at 4–9 production sites in Pennsylvania during 1981–3. Treatments were 1 increment banded or broadcast, 2 increments banded, broadcast, banded/ broadcast or banded/sidedressed, 4 increments broadcast, and a check. Fertilizer increments applied were NP, each at 28 kg/ha (sweet corn and snapbeans) or NPK, each at 56 kg/ha (transplants of tomato and cabbage) as urea, triple superphosphate and muriate of potash. Banding involved a single band 5 cm to the side of seed and 5 cm deep (sweet corn and snapbeans) or double bands 10 cm to each side of plants and 10 cm deep (tomatoes and cabbage). Yields were similar when single increments were banded or broadcast except with cabbage where banded yielded higher. With double increments, banding or combinations involving banding yie...
Abstract 3890: Regulation of mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 (MDC1) during mitosis

Genetic instability is one of the hallmarks of human cancers. DNA double strand break (DSB), if improperly repaired, results in genetic instability and tumorigenesis. Previous research has established γH2AX as a bona fide marker of DSBs and the hierarchical foci assembly of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins at DSB sites is required for efficient repair. Recent findings from our group demonstrated that during either spontaneous or induced prolonged mitosis, cancer cells acquire DSBs which lead to further chromosomal abnormality [Dalton et al.(2007) Cancer Res. 67:11487]. Deciphering the mechanism of such DSB accumulation may provide new insights into the mechanism of genetic instability. We hypothesize that the increase of DSBs during prolonged mitosis is due to lack of efficient DDR. To this end, we focus on the protein Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1), an important mediator in DSB repair. MDC1 directly binds to γH2AX and serves as a platform to accumulate/retain downstream DDR proteins at DSB sites and concomitantly initiates cell cycle arrest through its multiple interaction domains. We observed that during mitosis, many DDR proteins fail to colocalize with γH2AX in response to DSBs, while MDC1 exhibits a weakened interaction with γH2AX as shown by immunofluorescent microscopy. Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) activity, either by treatment with a specific CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 or transient knockdown of CDK1 protein by siRNA, strengthened MDC1-γH2AX colocalization in colon cancer cells in mitosis. In vitro phosphorylation assay confirmed MDC1 as a direct substrate of CDK1. Moreover, a deletion mutant of MDC1 exhibits an increased colocalization with γH2AX compared to wild-type MDC1. Considering the published role of MDC1 as a positive regulator in metaphase-anaphase transition, we propose that phosphorylation of MDC1 by CDK1 promotes a partial disassembly of MDC1 from γH2AX foci during mitosis, in order for MDC1 to function as a modulator of mitotic progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3890. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3890
Measurement of the electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence in group meditation

Electrical activity in the human body was investigated using EEG measurement while subjects remained with eyes open, eyes closed and in a meditation state. Careful analysis of the EEG data showed the presence of coherence in dual EEG channels and this measure was used to quantify the meditation state. The performed measurements showed high coherence around 10 Hz in individual meditating subjects. When these measurements extended to group meditation of two subjects, it was observed that coherence spectra spread significantly to other frequencies.
The Importance of Heart Rate Recovery in Patients With Heart Failure or Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction

Background: The ability to better predict outcome with exercise testing in patients with heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) may prove extremely valuable in determining which patients are at increased risk. This study evaluated the ability of heart rate recovery (HRR) to predict outcome in patients with HF and validate previous findings in LVSD. Methods and Results: HRR was measured at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-minute time points after treadmill testing in 2,193 males being evaluated for chest pain at the Palo Alto and Long Beach VA Hospitals. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using biplane ventriculography and patients were considered to have LVSD if they had an LVEF !50%. Angiographic and clinical data was available for all patients. Of the 2,193 patients, 314 patients had LVSD and 109 had a history of HF. Both HF patients and patients with LVSD with a normal HRR at 2 minutes had improved survival compared with patients that had an abnormal HRR at 2 minutes when adjusted for age and b-blocker use (HF adjusted odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.10‐0.66, P ! .006; LVSD alone adjusted odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.13‐0.47, P ! .0001). Stepwise proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that only 2-minute HRR, age, LVEF, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder were significant predictors of mortality in patients with LVSD and only HRR at 2 minutes and LV hypertrophy were significant predictors of mortality in patients with HF. Conclusion: HRR is a significant predictor of mortality in patients with HF and patients with LVSD and may be useful in better determining prognosis. Heart failure (HF) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States and the ability to provide accurate prognostic information to both patients and physicians may greatly improve patient care. Heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise treadmill testing has recently emerged as a powerful predictor of mortality in individuals being evaluated for chest pain 1‐3 and in healthy individuals. 4 Although the importance of HRR in predicting mortality has been investigated in patients with LVSD, 5 the importance of HRR in predicting mortality in patients with HF has not been investigated. Although previous studies revealed that HRR was generally decreased in patients with HF 6 and that long-term b blocker (BB) therapy did not improve HRR in patients with HF, 7 mortality in patients with HF has not been evaluated in regards to HRR. The goal of this study was to evaluate the importance of HRR in predicting mortality in patients with HF and to validate the importance of HRR in predicting mortality in patients with LVSD.