cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A human histone H2B.1 Variant gene, located on chromosome 1, utilizes alternative 3′ end processing

A variant human H2B histone gene (GL105), previously shown to encode a 2300 nt replication independent mRNA, has been cloned. We demonstrate this gene expresses alternative mRNAs regulated differentially during the HeLa S3 cell cycle. The H2B-Gl105 gene encodes both a 500 nt cell cycle dependent mRNA and a 2300 nt constitutively expressed mRNA. The 3' end of the cell cycle regulated mRNA terminates immediately following the region of hyphenated dyad symmetry typical of most histone mRNAs, whereas the constitutively expressed mRNA has a 1798 nt non-translated trailer that contains the same region of hyphenated dyad symmetry but is polyadenylated. The cap site for the H2B-GL105 mRNAs is located 42 nt upstream of the protein coding region. The H2B-GL105 histone gene was localized to chromosome region 1q21-1q23 by chromosomal in situ hybridization and by analysis of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids using an H2B-GL105 specific probe. The H2B-GL105 gene is paired with a functional H2A histone gene and this H2A/H2B gene pair is separated by a bidirectionally transcribed intergenic promoter region containing consensus TATA and CCAAT boxes and an OTF-1 element. These results demonstrate that cell cycle regulated and constitutively expressed histone mRNAs can be encoded by the same gene, and indicate that alternative 3' end processing may be an important mechanism for regulation of histone mRNA. Such control further increases the versatility by which cells can modulate the synthesis of replication-dependent as well as variant histone proteins during the cell cycle and at the onset of differentiation.
Specific Effects of Cyclandelate on Memory

In an uncontrolled clinical trial of 6 weeks’ duration conducted in 20 male patients, aged 49 to 68 years, with memory disorders, cyclandelate 1200 to 1600mg daily was found to be effective in improving memory as reflected by psychiatric, psychometric and psychophysiological measurements. Treatment with cyclandelate produced clinical effects which were selective for the Wechsler Memory Scale items of visual reproduction and orientation — indicators of the declarative memory. Moreover, the improvements seen in the average auditory reaction and critical flicker fusion frequency demonstrates its effect on procedural memory. Thus, our results indicate that this drug may be therapeutically useful in memory disorders of various aetiology, and that further exploration of the place of cyclandelate in this clinical area is needed.
Using Staff Training to Decrease the Use of Restrictive Procedures at Two Facilities for Foster Care Children

Objective: Use of some restrictive procedures, including physical restraint, has been controversial. For children within the foster care system, who have already suffered various degrees of abuse and neglect, restrictive procedures could add to their emotional and behavioral problems. The current study was conducted to determine whether a behavioral staff training program would help reduce the use of restrictive procedures at two group facilities housing children in the foster care system. Method: Pre- and posttraining measures (incident reports) were obtained within a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline design to document the use of restrictive procedures. Results: The data revealed decreases in reports of several restrictive procedures (e.g., take downs, physical holds, and physical and pharmacological restraints) at both facilities. Conclusions: The results suggest that training direct care staff personnel, including social workers, in positive behavioral strategies might reduce staff use of restrictive pr...
Robust phased array non-contact vital signs monitoring in an office cubicle setting

Doppler-based non-contact vital signs (NCVS) sensor systems can monitor the heart and respiration rates without touching the patient, but the accuracy of the NCVS sensing can be degraded considerably by background clutters and movements artifacts from the monitored subject or other motions in the measurement environment. We have, therefore, developed a high directivity phased-array antenna NCVS system that can significantly increase the sensing accuracy and the monitoring range in a typical office cubicle setting. Depending on the position of the beam spot illuminated on the chest, our custom-made beam-steerable phased array NCVS system at 2.4GHz has demonstrated the accuracy of the heart rate monitoring to be within +/− 2 bpm (beat-per-minute) for 92.5%-99.2% of the time at 0.75m. As the monitoring range is extended to 1–1.5m with beam directly illuminating on the center of the chest, the heart rate monitoring accuracy remains within +/− 5 bpm above 78% of time. With more improvement, this phased array NCVS system should benefit patients considerably for telemedicine and remote monitoring, as the patient's vital signs can be monitored comfortably and continuously in both home and office settings, eventually capable of detecting potential sleep apnea and other respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms in real-time.
Comparison of A68 levels in Alzheimer diseased and non-Alzheimer's diseased brain by two ALZ50 based methods.

Abstract A total of 61 human brain specimens were analyzed with both ELISA and Western Blot using the ALZ50 monoclonal antibody. The brain specimens included: Alzheimer's Disease (AD, n = 31), AD/Down's (n = 2), Normal (n = 14), Parkinson's Disease (n = 7), Huntington's chorea (n = 2), Wernicke-Korsakov's Encephalopathy (n = 3), and Motor Neuron Disease (n = 2). The non-AD cases (n = 28) had no detectable A68 by ELISA, and showed no A68 bands by Western blot. The AD cases (n = 33), all were positive for A68 by the ELISA, but only 31 of 33 had visible A68 band by Western blot. Additionally, a method for solubilization of A68 is reported.
Opiophobia as a Barrier to the Treatment of Pain

An international panel of pain specialists including physicians and health policy scholars met to discuss the impact of fear of opioids on the clinical use of these strong analgesics. Recognizing potential risk from opioids, the panel members concluded that irrational fear of the drugs often impedes their appropriate use. The need for education among clinicians was recognized and the panel concluded that while progress has been made, much remains to be done to correct unfounded fears and misconceptions that impede provision of opioid analgesia when it is indicated.
Commissurally projecting inhibitory interneurons of the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus: a colocalization study of neuronal markers and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-gold.

Improved methods for detecting neuronal markers and the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) were used to identify commissurally projecting neurons of the rat hippocampus. In addition to the dentate hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal cells shown previously to transport retrograde tracers after injection into the dorsal hippocampus, FG-positive interneurons of the dentate granule cell layer and hilus were detected in numbers greater than previously reported. FG labeling of interneurons was variable among animals, but was as high as 96% of hilar somatostatin-positive interneurons, 84% of parvalbumin-positive cells of the granule cell layer and hilus combined, and 33% of hilar calretinin-positive cells. By comparison, interneurons of the dentate molecular layer and all hippocampal subregions were conspicuously FG-negative. Whereas hilar mossy cells and CA3 pyramidal cells were FG-labeled throughout the longitudinal axis, FG-positive interneurons exhibited a relatively homotopic distribution. “Control” injections of FG into the neocortex, septum, and ventral hippocampus demonstrated that the homotopic labeling of dentate interneurons was injection site-specific, and that the CA1-CA3 interneurons unlabeled by contralateral hippocampal FG injection were nonetheless able to transport FG from the septum. These data suggest a hippocampal organizing principle according to which virtually all commissurally projecting hippocampal neurons share the property of being monosynaptic targets of dentate granule cells. Because granule cells innervate their exclusively ipsilateral target cells in a highly lamellar pattern, these results suggest that focal granule cell excitation may result in commissural inhibition of the corresponding “twin” granule cell lamella, thereby lateralizing and amplifying the influence of the initiating discharge. J. Comp. Neurol. 441:324–344, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multiviewpoint video coding with MPEG-2 compatibility

An efficient video coding scheme is presented as an extension of the MPEG-2 standard to accommodate the transmission of multiple viewpoint sequences on bandwidth-limited channels. With the goal of compression and speed, the proposed approach incorporates a variety of existing computer graphics tools and techniques. Construction of each viewpoint image is predicted using a combination of perspective projection of three-dimensional (3-D) models, texture mapping, and digital image warping. Immediate application of the coding specification is foreseeable in systems with hardware-based real-time rendering capabilities, thus providing fast and accurate constructions of multiple perspectives.
Resolution of mydriatic pupil after angioplasty and stenting of cervical internal carotid artery dissection: case report.

OBJECTIVE: A patient with cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection presented with visual loss and a mydriatic pupil that resolved after angioplasty and stenting. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old woman presented with a unilateral dilated tonic pupil and transient monocular visual loss, and subsequently developed speech disturbance. Angiography revealed a left cervical ICA dissection with significant luminal narrowing. The ophthalmic artery filled retrograde through external carotid artery branches and reconstituted the supraclinoid ICA. Computed tomographic perfusion showed significant hypoperfusion of the left hemisphere. Magnetic resonance imaging showed punctate boundary zone infarcts. INTERVENTION: The patient experienced pressure-dependent left hemispheric transient ischemic attacks and pressure-dependent ocular findings despite anticoagulation. She underwent uncomplicated left ICA angioplasty and stenting. The flow through the ophthalmic artery became anterograde. The tonic pupil returned to symmetry with the contralateral pupil, and the patient's symptoms resolved completely. CONCLUSION: Cervical ICA dissection can manifest with a tonic mydriatic pupil. Treatment with angioplasty and stenting of the dissected segment can restore flow and resolve the pupillary abnormality. A pathophysiological mechanism for the mydriasis is proposed.
Formation of doped Al2O3 tunnel barriers by plasma oxidation of δ-doped Al

The formation of doped Al 2 O 3 tunnel barriers, by plasma oxidation of doped Al, has been studied by in situ Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Ultrathin layers (<1 ML) of Ni or Si dopants were incorporated into an Al film at different depths, and subsequently plasma oxidized. Comparison of AES peak heights reveals two different types of oxidation behavior of the dopants. In the case where Ni or Si are initially present on top of the Al, they completely disappear from the immediate surface region after oxidation. Thus, Al from underneath the dopants goes through the dopant layer during oxidation, thereby burying the dopants in the Al-oxide. In contrast, for dopants sandwiched between two 7 A Al films no significant vertical redistribution occurs, while XPS spectra show that dopants are completely oxidized. The data is used to support previous magnetoresistance measurements on magnetic tunnel junctions with doped barriers.
The Gasdynamics of Compact Relativistic Jets

The gasdynamics of compact relativistic jets is explored by analyzing a specific idealized flow problem using the method of characteristics. The basic flow pattern of the gas and pressure waves within a jet experiencing a drop in external pressure is calculated, with analytic expressions given for many of the important parameters. Scaling laws which relate the intrinsic properties of the jet to the pressure of the surrounding medium are obtained and discussed. The physical properties of the jet depend critically on the value and abruptness of the decrease in external pressure, as well as on the initial Lorentz factor of the flow. A variety of the flow patterns can result, including jets of oscillating cross section, jets with standing shocks, and broad, nearly hollow beams which can break up into multiple jets. These results are discussed in relation to the observed characteristics of superluminal radio sources in general and the superluminal quasar 4C 39.25 in particular.
Classifying Hilbert bundles. II

Abstract A Hilbert bundle ( p , B , X ) is a type of fibre space p : B → X such that each fibre p −1 ( x ) is a Hilbert space. However, p −1 ( x ) may vary in dimension as x varies in X . We generalize the classical homotopy classification theory of vector bundles to a “homotopy” classification of certain Hilbert bundles. An ( m, n )-bundle over the pair ( X , A ) is a Hilbert bundle ( p , B , X ) such that the dimension of p −1 ( x ) is m for x in A and n otherwise. The main result here is that if A is a compact set lying in the “edge” of the metric space X (e.g. if X is a topological manifold and A is a compact subset of the boundary of X ), then the problem of classifying ( m, n )-bundles over ( X , A ) reduces to a problem in the classical theory of vector bundles. In particular, we show there is a one-to-one correspondence between the members of the orbit set, [ A , G m ( C n )]/[ X , U ( n )] ¦ A , and the isomorphism classes of ( m, n )-bundles over ( X , A ) which are trivial over X , A .
The “Peierls stress” for pure metals (evidence that it is negligible)

It is argued that the “Peierls stress” for dislocations in pure metal crystals is negligible. The resistance to dislocation motion is not quasistatic but viscous. Direct observations of the viscous behaviour are cited and internal friction measurements are mentioned. The measured viscosity coefficients are very small (less than mPa s). It is pointed out that the yield points of pure metals are not associated with Peierls stresses but with the interaction of the stress dependences of dislocation velocities and the kinetics of dislocation multiplication. The negligible values of the stresses needed to move dislocations are rationalized in terms of the small dependence of the cohesive energies of simple metals on their atomic patterns.
Conformation of the glycotripeptide repeating unit of antifreeze glycoprotein of polar fish as determined from the fully assigned proton n.m.r. spectrum.

With its simple glycotripeptide repeating structure the antifreeze glycoprotein of polar fish may be an especially simple conformational mode for mucin glycoproteins with similar but more complex structures. The fully assigned proton n.m.r. spectrum confirms the anomeric configurations of the hexapyranosidic sugars of the side chains and the coupling constants of the alpha GalNAc and the beta Gal residues show both to be in the expected 4C1 chair conformation. The assignment of a single resonance for each proton of the (Ala-Thr-Ala)n repeat unit coupled with the observation of long range nuclear Overhauser effects (n.O.e.) implies a three-fold repeating conformation. The resonances of the two alanines are distinct and can be assigned to their correct positions in the peptide sequence by n.O.e. observed at the amide proton resonances on saturation of the alpha proton signals. The amide proton coupling constants of all three peptide residues are similar and imply a limited range of peptide backbone torsion angles, phi CN. The large n.O.e. which has been observed between the amide proton and the alpha proton of the residue preceding it in the sequence implies large positive values for the peptide dihedral angle, psi CC. Limits are placed on possible values of side chain dihedral angles by the observation of the coupling constant between the alpha and beta protons of the threonyl residue. The observation of n.O.e. between the anomeric proton of GalNAc and the threonyl side chain protons gives information on the conformation of the alpha glycosidic linkage between the disaccharide and the peptide. n.O.e. observed between the protons of the beta glycosidic linkage indicates the conformation of the disaccharide and the large amide proton coupling constant of the GalNAc residue shows a trans proton relationship. The spectroscopically derived data have been combined with conformational energy calculations to give a conformational model for antifreeze glycoprotein in which the hydrophobic surfaces of the disaccharide side chains are wrapped closely against a three-fold left handed helical peptide backbone. The hydrophilic sides of the disaccharides are aligned so that they may bind to the ice crystal face, which is perpendicular to the fast growth axis inhibiting normal crystal growth.
Observable phase factors and symmetry of electric and magnetic charges

The observable phase factor is taken as a basic concept for the description of electromagnetism. Generalization of this concept to SU(2) and SU(2) x U(1) groups is carried out in such a way that the monopoles with quantized charges appear naturally and that the symmetry between the electric and magnetic phenomena is preserved. Some physical implications are discussed.
Effects of chronic administration of nicotine on storage and synthesis of noradrenaline in rat brain

1Chronic administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, subcutaneously four times a day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks) did not affect the growth rate and water intake in rats. In these animals food intake was normal for the first 5 weeks, but was significantly increased during the sixth week of treatment. 2Nicotine administration increased the blood pressure of rats from 120 mm Hg to 151 mm Hg. 3The concentrations of endogenous noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine in the brain remained unaltered. However, chronic treatment with nicotine increased the turnover rate of noradrenaline. Initial accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline was also significantly increased. 4It is concluded from these studies that changes in the turnover of cerebral noradrenaline caused by chronic administration rather than changes in the concentration of noradrenaline may be an important factor in nicotine-induced behavioural changes.
Nonperturbative multiparticle tree graphs in the standard electroweak theory.

I present a lower bound for the cross section at the tree level for {ital f}{sub {ital R}{bar f}{ital L}}{r arrow}{ital NZ} to lowest order in the hypercharge coupling {ital g}{prime}. It is seen that the cross section grows like {ital g}{sup 2{ital N}N} , and hence violates {ital J}=1 unitarity for large enough {ital N}{approx gt}(const/{ital g}{sup 2}). This phenomenon occurs in the kinematic region where coherence among {similar to}{ital N} graphs is possible: the vector mesons are nonrelativistic and they all have the same or a small fixed number of polarization vectors. The argument is then extended to the process {ital f}{sub {ital R}{bar f}{ital L}}{r arrow}(({ital N}/3){ital W}{sup +},({ital N}/3){ital W}{sup {minus}},({ital N}/3){ital Z}), and finally to the general case of an arbitrary initial state, and a final state containing a large number of nonrelativistic {ital W}{sup {plus minus}}'s and {ital Z}'s. The result involves only the gauge couplings, and is independent of the size of the quartic scalar coupling. There is qualitative similarity with the result found previously for tree graphs in {lambda}{phi}{sup 4} theory.
A dynamic model of offshore software development

As the offshoring of knowledge work has accelerated, theoretical models to explain the phenomenon have not kept up. Most theoretical models assume a static transactional relationship from various factors to a binary offshoring decision. Such models do not take into account the mix of sourcing choices at the level of a firm, nor do they consider dynamic changes over time. To help fill these gaps, we use five case studies on offshore migration of software work by major US companies. Data were collected from senior executives. We use these data to develop a dynamic conceptual model that incorporates three factor groupings which collectively help explain offshore sourcing outcomes: (1) economic factors, (2) the nature of the development activity, and (3) managerial capabilities and practices. Importantly, the model includes five feedback loops among sourcing decisions, sourcing mix, and these three factors. Thus, the relationships in the model are not unidirectional, nor static; rather, they are iterative and dynamic, involving feedback loops, learning, and cumulative effects over time. In this dynamic model, the sourcing ‘mix,’ a continuously changing offshore portfolio, is a key firm-level-dependent variable, closer to the economic concept of a ‘stock’ measure that represents the cumulative effect of sourcing decisions over time. This variable may be measured in different ways, for instance as the amount of work done offshore, or the number of workers employed offshore.
Comments on the theory of dipolar fluids

The theory of dipolar fluids posbulated by Chan, Mitchell and Ninham is commented upon.(AIP)
Another Look at Character Education in Christian Schools.

A review of the literature and meta-analytic research into the effectiveness of character/moral education programs reveals that Christian educators should be wary of implementing such curricula. A brief history of character education demonstrates how the field has evolved. Problems associated with programming rationale, faulty methodology, and the lack of appropriate research may leave educators questioning the validity of character education interventions. Recommendations for practice in Christian education contexts are provided.
Essay on Contemporary Issues in Ethology: Variation among Mammalian Alarm Call Systems and the Problem of Meaning in Animal Signals

Understanding the information conveyed by animal signals requires studies of both production and perception. It is important to determine the relationship between signal morphology and the circumstances of production, the way signaller behavior varies with motivational state and the role of context in mediating responses to signals. Alarm calls are well-suited to research of this type because they are widespread in birds and mammals and typically evoke unambiguous responses. We review studies of alarm calling in primates and ground-dwelling sciurid rodents, concentrating especially on whether these signal systems may be viewed as ‘functionally referential’, that is, as conveying sufficient information about an event for receivers to select appropriate responses. Comparisons of the physical, behavioral and habitat characteristics of these species suggest that incompatibility of the escape responses required to avoid different classes of predators may have been an important factor in the evolution of functionally referential alarm calls.
The teaching‐case conference

A clinicopathologic conference is held on a 51-year-old smoker and reformed alcoholic with unilateral nasal mass causing obstruction and epistaxis. The workup, radiologic studies, differential diagnosis, surgical approach, pathology, and therapy are summarized, and the literature is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the value of preoperative angiography in evaluating unusual masses, and on the importance of electron microscopy in definitive diagnosis.
Overexpression of Human DNA Topoisomerase I in Insect Cells Using a Baculovirus Vector

The 3645-bp human DNA topoisomerase I cDNA isolated by D'Arpa et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 1988, 2543-2547) was integrated into the Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome. The recombinant protein was expressed by infecting the SF9 insect cell line with this baculovirus and resulted in a 100-fold overexpression of human DNA topoisomerase I compared to the level found in human cell lines. This 100-kDa recombinant protein has the same electrophoretic mobility as the human DNA topoisomerase I from HeLa cells and is recognized by topoisomerase I-specific monoclonal antibody. The recombinant DNA topoisomerase I was isolated and purified to homogeneity with a two-step fractionation protocol and has a specific activity of 2 x 10(6) U/mg. Enzymatic properties such as stimulation by magnesium and inhibition by camptothecin resemble properties of the enzyme purified from human cell lines.
Characterization of crown ethers as macrocyclic elements for rotaxane preparation: a Monte Carlo simulation

Abstract Rotaxane synthesis via the statistical method depends upon various geometric considerations such as the ring size of the macrocyclic components. In this paper, we examine the conformational statistics for a series of crown ethers (18-crown-6, 24-crown-8, 30-crown-10, and 36-crown-12) in terms of their average radius, radius of gyration, and intramolecular oxygen—oxygen distances. We conduct NPT Monte Carlo simulations to examine these properties as a function of solvent polarity at 25°C and 1 atmosphere pressure. We find that the crowns are more accessible to statistical threading in water than in carbon tetrachloride from the viewpoint of ring size. However, the macrocycles are more distorted (ellipsoidal) in CCl 4 , thus opening up the possibility of preparing rotaxanes where the macrocyles discriminate between linear chains with differently shaped monomers depending upon the solvent used. Results regarding the scaling of the radius of gyration with molecular weight for the cyclic molecules are also presented.
Magnetic Anomaly over Vema Seamount

VEMA seamount lies in the South Atlantic Ocean about 1,000 km west-north-west of Cape Town, at 31° 38′ S., 8° 20′ E. It was discovered by the R.V. Vema (cruise V-16) in 19591 and visited again by the R.V. Conrad (cruise (C-8) in 1963. On both visits magnetic and bathymetric measurements were included in the shipboard geophysics programme. A third, and more extended, visit was made to this location by a group from the University of Cape Town2.
HLA II: The emergence of the molecular model for the human major histocompatibility complex

The known complexity of the HLA system continues to grow. Simultaneously, investigators are constructing a molecular model for the human major histocompatibility complex that accounts for the extensive variation at the HLA loci. Three alleles were given new WHO nomenclature at the HLA-A locus, 7 at HLA-B, 7 at HLA-D, and 6 at HLA-DR. Two entirely new loci were given WHO status: HLA-DQ and HLA-DP. The HLA-A, -B, and -C loci (class I genes) code for a polypeptide chain containing cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular regions. In turn the extracellular region can be divided into three domains. The molecular organization of the class I gene is discussed. The class II genes in the HLA-D/DR complex can be grouped into three regions, DR, DC, and SB, with one WHO-defined locus associated with each: HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP, respectively. Class II molecules have both an alpha- and a beta-chain, which can be divided into cytoplasmic, transmembrane, and extracellular regions. The extracellular region of both polypeptide chains has two domains. The molecular organization of the alpha- and beta-chain genes is discussed. Serological polymorphism for both the class I and II molecules has been located in the domains most distal to the cellular membrane. The domain closest to the membrane in both alpha- and beta-chains of class II molecules is conserved and exhibits homology with one another and with the constant regions of IgG molecules and with beta-2-microglobulin. Therefore, it is likely that the genes of the major histocompatibility complex have evolved from a primordial gene which has differentiated into at least four related families: HLA class I, HLA class II, IgG immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, and beta-2-microglobulin.
Control of biological growth in recirculating cooling systems using treated secondary effluent as makeup water with monochloramine.

Secondary-treated municipal wastewater, an abundant and widely distributed impaired water source, is a promising alternative water source for thermoelectric power plant cooling. However, excessive biological growth is a major challenge associated with wastewater reuse in cooling systems as it can interfere with normal system operation as well as enhance corrosion and scaling problems. Furthermore, possible emission of biological aerosols (e.g., Legionella pneumophila) with the cooling tower drift can lead to public health concerns within the zone of aerosol deposition. In this study, the effectiveness of pre-formed and in-situ-formed monochloramine was evaluated for its ability to control biological growth in recirculating cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal wastewater as the only makeup water source. Bench-scale studies were compared with pilot-scale studies for their ability to predict system behavior under realistic process conditions. Effectiveness of the continuous addition of pre-formed monochloramine and monochloramine formed in-situ through the reaction of free chlorine with ammonia in the incoming water was evaluated in terms of biocide residual and its ability to control both planktonic and sessile microbial populations. Results revealed that monochloramine can effectively control biofouling in cooling systems employing secondary-treated municipal wastewater and has advantages relative to use of free chlorine, but that bench-scale studies seriously underestimate biocide dose and residual requirements for proper control of biological growth in full-scale systems. Pre-formed monochloramine offered longer residence time and more reliable performance than in-situ-formed monochloramine due to highly variable ammonia concentration in the recirculating water caused by ammonia stripping in the cooling tower. Pilot-scale tests revealed that much lower dosing rate was required to maintain similar total chlorine residual when pre-formed monochloramine was used as compared to in-situ-formed monochloramine. Adjustment of biocide dose to maintain monochloramine residual above 3 mg/L is needed to achieve successful biological growth control in recirculating cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal effluent as the only source of makeup water.
De Hiroshima à Éroshima : une érotique de la bombe atomique en forme de haïku selon Dany Laferrière

L’Orient n’est pas au coeur des preoccupations de Dany Laferriere, dont les ouvrages s’inscrivent pour la plupart dans une geographie retracant un parcours personnel, de son ile natale, Haiti, a son premier lieu d’exil, Montreal. Pourtant, son second texte, Eroshima, est tisse de motifs issus de la culture japonaise. L’auteure analyse ici le statut ambigu de cette thematique asiatique qui vehicule un grand nombre de stereotypes. Elle s’attache a montrer comment le narrateur livre une reflexion sur la pregnance du cliche et tente de la dejouer en adoptant un mode poetique etranger a la pensee occidentale.
Tolerance and chronic rejection.

The most common cause of chronic allograft loss is an incompletely understood clinicopathological entity called chronic rejection (CR). Recent reports suggest an improvement in long-term renal allograft survival, although it is not clear from these data whether a true reduction of biopsy-proven CR has occurred. Although newer immunosuppressive medications have greatly reduced the incidence of acute rejection (AR) in the early post-transplantation period, the ideal therapy for both AR and CR would be to achieve a state of tolerance. By definition, such a state should allow for indefinite allograft survival, with no histopathological evidence of CR, despite immunocompetence in the host (i.e. without the need for chronic immunosuppression). Although several experimental studies are able to achieve tolerance, with clear improvement in allograft survival, detailed studies on graft function and morphology are often not included. This review will discuss possible ways that tolerance induction could lead to a CR-free state. General mechanisms of CR and transplantation tolerance induction are discussed as well as the difficulties in translating small animals studies into large animals and humans.
Temporal frequency analysis of dynamic MRI techniques.

Dynamic imaging strategies often involve updating certain areas of k-space (i.e., the low spatial frequencies) more frequently than others. However, important dynamic signal changes may occur anywhere in k-space. In this study, a dynamic k-space sampling analysis method was developed to determine the energy error associated with specific dynamic sampling strategies. The method uses the temporal power spectrum of k-space signals to determine the level and k-space locations of sampling errors. The proposed method was used to compare two dynamic sampling strategies (full sequential and keyhole) for a dynamic first-pass bolus simulation and a continuous heart imaging study. The error analysis agreed well with the errors in the reconstructed images. The technique can be used to determine the minimum sampling frequency for any location in the k-space, and may ultimately be used to optimize dynamic sampling strategies. Magn Reson Med 45:550–556, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Childhood Victimization and Lack of Empathy as Predictors of Sexual Offending Against Women and Children

A model of sexual deviance is presented which illustrates that lack of empathy mediates the associations between childhood victimization experiences and adult risk for sexual offending against women and children. For 188 incarcerated sexual offenders, admissions of victims and disclosures of childhood experiences of abuse and early exposure to pornography were recorded from criminal history, a sexual history questionnaire, and polygraph examinations. Empathy was assessed using victim- and abuse-specific measures. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model that included the direct effects of childhood victimization on number and type of victims, as well as the mediated effects through lack of empathy. Offenders who reported child sexual abuse as children and early exposure to pornography displayed less empathy for children in abusive situations and they reported more child victims. Offenders who reported physical abuse displayed less empathy for women in abusive situations and they reported more...
Effects of varicocele on male fertility

Varicoceles are vascular lesions of the pampiniform plexus and are the most common identifiable abnormality found in men being evaluated for infertility. Despite the long history associated with varicoceles, there remains much controversy regarding their diagnosis and management. The purpose of this manuscript is to address three of the most pressing controversies: (i) the association of varicoceles with male infertility, (ii) whether varicoceles exert a progressive deleterious effect and (iii) the relationship of varicocele size and outcome following varicocele repair. The current literature is reviewed in an effort to answer these questions. Based upon this analysis, conclusions can be drawn regarding the best management of varicoceles in subfertile men, adolescents, young fertile men and men with subclinical varicoceles. Although there remain many controversies due to a paucity of data, there appears to be a significant difference between adults and adolescents with respect to a progressive deterioration of semen parameters and it is clear that subclinical varicoceles do not play a major role in male infertility.
Can a corrupt ruling party win a re-election through vote buying?

ABSTRACTIn many developing countries, it is common for electoral candidates to use embezzled money to buy votes. We develop a dynamic model to analyse the trade-off between economic performance and free handouts resulting from corruption on an incumbent party’s chances of being re-elected. The results show, because voters anticipate handouts from the politicians, politicians engage in corrupt behaviour early in the election cycle while minimizing unemployment and maximizing vote buying at the end of the election cycle.
Role of the Chloride Ion in Iron Corrosion

Abstract The role of the chloride ion in iron corrosion is assessed from the viewpoint of developing the concept that would lead to a general explanation. The experimental observations relating to ...
Metal-catalyst-free and controllable growth of high-quality monolayer and AB-stacked bilayer graphene on silicon dioxide

Abstract A systematic study shows that continuous graphene with controllable number of layers and stacking structure can be directly grown on SiO2/Si without any metal catalysts by chemical vapor deposition. Raman spectroscopy and mapping confirm the monolayer, bilayer and few-layer nature of the graphene with a high coverage over ∼95%. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy verifies that the monolayer graphene and AB-stacked bilayer graphene have a work function of 4.46 eV and 4.50 eV, respectively, which are close to that of the intrinsic graphene. This is in contrast to the much lower work function of 4.26 eV observed on Cu-catalyzed graphene probably due to contaminants produced during the transfer process. Field-effect transistors were directly fabricated on graphene/SiO2/Si for evaluating their electric properties. Importantly, we reveal a crucial role of SiO2 layer thickness in controlling the graphene structure: (1) monolayer graphene preferably grown on thick SiO2 layer (∼300 nm or higher) by a surface-catalyzed process, and (2) AB-stacked bilayer or few-layer graphene favorably formed on thin SiO2 layer by a surface-adsorption/precipitation process. This study sheds light on the graphene growth mechanism on SiO2/Si and this insightful understanding is important to large-scale, controllable CVD growth of graphene in absence of metal catalysts.
Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention.

Sudden, unexpected cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of death in most industrially developed countries. Yet, despite the enormity of this problem, the development of safe and effective antiarrhythmic therapies has proven to be an elusive goal. In fact, many initially promising antiarrhythmic medications were subsequently found to increase rather than to decrease cardiac mortality. It is now known that cardiac disease alters cardiac autonomic balance and that the patients with the greatest changes in this cardiac neural regulation (i.e., decreased parasympathetic coupled with increased sympathetic activity) are also the patients at the greatest risk for sudden death. A growing body of experimental and epidemiological data demonstrates that aerobic exercise conditioning can dramatically reduce cardiac mortality, even in patients with preexisting cardiac disease. Conversely, the lack of exercise is strongly associated with an increased incidence of many chronic debilitating diseases, including coronary heart disease. Because it is well established that aerobic exercise conditioning can alter autonomic balance (increasing parasympathetic tone and decreasing sympathetic activity), a prudently designed exercise program could prove to be an effective and nonpharmacological way to enhance cardiac electrical stability, thereby protecting against sudden cardiac death.
Comparison of model chemistry and density functional theory thermochemical predictions with experiment for formation of ionic clusters of the ammonium cation complexed with water and ammonia; atmospheric implications.

The G2, G3, CBS-QB3, and CBS-APNO model chemistry methods and the B3LYP, B3P86, mPW1PW, and PBE1PBE density functional theory (DFT) methods have been used to calculate ¢H° and ¢G° values for ionic clusters of the ammonium ion complexed with water and ammonia. Results for the clusters NH4 + (NH3)n and NH4 + (H2O)n, where n ) 1-4, are reported in this paper and compared against experimental values. Agreement with the experimental values for ¢H° and ¢G° for formation of NH4 + (NH3)n clusters is excellent. Comparison between experiment and theory for formation of the NH4 + (H2O)n clusters is quite good considering the uncertainty in the experimental values. The four DFT methods yield excellent agreement with experiment and the model chemistry methods when the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set is used for energetic calculations and the 6-31G* basis set is used for geometries and frequencies. On the basis of these results, we predict that all ions in the lower troposphere will be saturated with at least one complete first hydration shell of water molecules.
Simple deterministically constructible RIP matrices with sublinear fourier sampling requirements

We present a deterministic number theoretic construction for matrices with the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP). Furthermore, we show that the number theoretic properties of our RIP matrices allow their products with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) matrices to be well approximated via a few highly sparse matrix multiplications. Hence, our RIP matrices may be approximately multiplied by the DFT of any input vector in sublinear-time by reading only a small fraction of its entries. As a consequence, we obtain small deterministic sample sets which are guaranteed to allow the recovery of near-optimal sparse Fourier representations for all periodic functions having an integrable second derivative over a single period. Explicit bounds are provided for the sizes of our RIP matrices, the sizes of their associated sublinear Fourier sampling sets, and the errors incurred by quickly approximating their products with DFT matrices. The Fourier sampling requirements obtained herein improve on previous deterministic Fourier sampling results in [1], [2].
Estimating bearing response in symmetric and asymmetric‐plan isolated buildings with rocking and torsion

A comprehensive approach is developed to estimate relevant design quantities—lateral deformations and axial forces—in isolation systems composed of lead–rubber bearings. The approach, applicable to symmetric and asymmetric-plan systems, includes the effects of bidirectional excitation, rocking, and torsion; and is the culmination of previous work on this topic. The approach is based on nonlinear response history analysis of an isolated block using an advanced bearing model that incorporates the interaction between axial force and lateral response of the bearing, known as axial-load effects. The rocking response of the system and peak axial forces are shown to depend on the isolation period, the normalized strength—or yield strength normalized by peak ground velocity, the ratios of rocking frequency about each horizontal axis to vertical frequency, and the normalized stiffness eccentricity. In an attempt to develop results widely applicable to asymmetric-plan systems, eccentricity is introduced by varying the stiffnesses and strengths of individual bearings in an idealized, rectangular plan. This idealized system approach is shown to have limited success; when applied to actual asymmetric-plan systems the design equations to estimate response are accurate for lateral deformations but err by up to 25% for axial forces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Functional Group Position on Spatial Representations of Aliphatic Odorants in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

Principles of olfactory coding can be clarified by studying the olfactory bulb activity patterns that are evoked by odorants differing systematically in chemical structure. In the present study, we used series of aliphatic esters, ketones, and alcohols (27 odorants total) to determine the effects of functional group position on glomerular-layer activity patterns. These patterns were measured as uptake of [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose and were mapped into standardized data matrices for statistical comparison across different rats. The magnitude of the effect of position differed greatly for the different functional groups. For ketones, there was little or no effect of position on evoked patterns. For esters, uptake in individual glomerular modules increased, whereas uptake in others decreased with changing group position, yet the overall patterns remained similar. For alcohols, group position had a profound effect on evoked activity patterns. For example, moving the hydroxyl group in either heptanol or nonanol from the first to the fourth carbon changed the activity patterns so greatly that the major areas of response did not overlap. Within every functional group series, however, responses were globally chemotopic, such that pairs of odorants with the smallest difference in functional group position evoked the most similar patterns. These results help to define further the specificities of glomeruli within previously described glomerular modules, and they show that functional group position can be an important feature in encoding an odorant molecule.
Market‐orientated Positioning of On‐farm Processed Foods as a Condition for Successful Farm Diversification

Farm diversification is stimulated within the reform of the common agricultural policy. On-farm processing and direct marketing are options, but farmers often lack a marketoriented approach. This paper illustrates the problem by presenting a consumer survey regarding on-farm processed yoghurt. Conjoint analysis is used to define the most preferred yoghurt in different market segments. Results of the price sensitivity meter are similar to the conjoint analysis. Farmers' price setting is not always adequate, which means that opportunities and additional income are lost. Providing the necessary assistance in collecting market information and commercial training is essential in obtaining sustainable benefits from on-farm processing and direct marketing.
III. Prison Group Therapy with Mentally and Emotionally Disturbed Offenders

The experience of conducting group therapy with different groups in a state prison's Special Management Unit (SMU) for the mentally and emotionally ill offenders has provided a definite challenge. The challenge comes from two sources: (1) the setting, and (2) the difficult, complex, and dual-diagnosed members of the groups. The latter aspect has been detailed in the body of this article. Although the results have been meager, on balance, there is a potential for this demanding and necessary type of professional task.
Pathway-Specific Differences in Subunit Composition of Synaptic NMDA Receptors on Pyramidal Neurons in Neocortex

Heterogeneity of synaptic inputs onto neocortical layer 5 pyramidal neurons could result from differences in the underlying receptors, yet previous work has shown that functional attributes of AMPA receptors are uniform among synaptic connections onto these neurons. To determine whether NMDA receptors (NMDARs) would be similarly uniform, we compared in the same pyramidal neurons pharmacologically isolated NMDAR-mediated EPSCs evoked by stimulation of two anatomically distinguishable pathways, callosal or intracortical. Based on differences in voltage dependence, decay kinetics, apparent Mg2+sensitivity, and subunit-specific (NR2A, NR2B, and NR2C/D) pharmacology, we found NMDARs at these inputs to be distinct. Furthermore, NMDARs activated by the intracortical pathway were more efficient at integrating EPSPs and bringing the neuron closer to the spike-firing threshold than the callosal pathway. These results suggest that pyramidal neurons encode information differentially depending on the origin of their neocortical inputs and that NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity may be pathway specific.
Neonatal circumcision does not reduce HIV/AIDS infection rates

Non-therapeutic infant circumcision has become a medicalised ritual mainly in English speaking countries and is unjustly and increasingly advocated as a prevention tool of HIV/AIDS without critical consideration of its practicality, cost and risks. It is of concern that the WHO/UNAIDS is hastily advising mass MC roll-out as a prevention tool of female to male HIV acquisition, without considering risks involved to woman.49 A much broader review process is necessary, involving more objective scientific opinion and representative panel of African experts, including pediatric surgeons before any MC could be written into policy.