cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early life history growth in fish reflects consumption-mortality tradeoffs

Abstract Growth models used for adult fish are often inadequate to model early larval growth in the first weeks and days of life. However, growth rate during the earliest life stages may be a significant factor in determining survivorship, foraging success, transport, and settlement patterns. We fit growth models for the larvae of twelve grouper and snapper species from the families Lutjanidae and Serranidae, and conducted a survey of published early life growth models to explore growth pattern differences between taxonomic groups. The majority of these papers contained only larval stages but a few included early juvenile stages as well, so from here on we use the term “early life” to refer to larval and early juvenile stages. The majority of the grouper and snapper species are best represented by models with exponential growth patterns, which fits into the results from the literature survey. The surveyed growth literature included 31 papers which provide 94 models spanning 17 different fish families. In a meta-analysis of the growth models from the surveyed literature, exponential growth models were more often used for the early life of demersal fish, whereas linear growth models were more often used for the early life of pelagic fish. These results may indicate that early life growth patterns depend on the risk abatement strategies of each taxa.
High-Tech Housewives: Indian IT Workers, Gendered Labor, and Transmigration (Global South Asia): edited by Amy Bhatt, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2018, 224 pp., $29.00 (paperback), ISBN: 978-0-2957-4355-4

High-tech Housewives by Amy Bhatt presents an intimate look into the world of IT sector workers from India who live and work in places like Redmond, Bellevue, Kirkland, and Seattle in Washington. T...
A Comprehensive Review on Internet of Things (IoT) and its Implications in the Mining Industry

The integration of computer-based technologies interacting with industrial machines or home appliances through an interconnected network, for teleoperation, workflow control, switching to autonomous mode, or collecting data automatically using a variety of sensors, is known as Internet of Things (IoT). When applied inside an industrial context, it is possible to immediately benefit from the analytics obtained, contributing to process optimization, machine health, the safety of workers and asset management. IoT can assist real-time platforms in remotely monitoring and operating a complex production system with minimal intervention of humans. Hence it can be beneficial for hazardous industries, such as mining, by increasing the safety of personnel and equipment while reducing operation costs. An ideal smart automated mine could potentially be achievable by gradually taking advantage of IoT. Currently, different sensors are used in mine-related activities, such as geophones in exploration and blast control, piezometers in dewatering and toxic gas detectors in working frontlines. However, a fully integrated automated system is challenging in practice due to infrastructural limitations in communication, data management and storage. Moreover, the tendency of mining companies to continue with traditional methods instead of relying on untested novel techniques decelerates this progress. In this study, the adaptability of the mining industry to IoT systems and its current development is reviewed. Significant challenges of this progress are investigated and recommendations to develop a comprehensive model suited for different mining sections such as exploration, operation and safety considering flexible technologies such as Wireless Sensor Networks and the introduction of Global Data Management.
Computational design of mixed chirality peptide macrocycles with internal symmetry.

Cyclic symmetry is frequent in protein and peptide homo-oligomers, but extremely rare within a single chain, as it is not compatible with free N- and C-termini. Here we describe the computational design of mixed-chirality peptide macrocycles with rigid structures that feature internal cyclic symmetries or improper rotational symmetries inaccessible to natural proteins. Crystal structures of three C2- and C3-symmetric macrocycles, and of six diverse S2-symmetric macrocycles, match the computationally-designed models with backbone heavy-atom RMSD values of 1 A or better. Crystal structures of an S4-symmetric macrocycle (consisting of a sequence and structure segment mirrored at each of three successive repeats) designed to bind zinc reveal a large-scale zinc-driven conformational change from an S4-symmetric apo-state to a nearly inverted S4-symmetric holo-state almost identical to the design model. These symmetric structures provide promising starting points for applications ranging from design of cyclic peptide based metal organic frameworks to creation of high affinity binders of symmetric protein homo-oligomers. More generally, this work demonstrates the power of computational design for exploring symmetries and structures not found in nature, and for creating synthetic switchable systems.
Power, buildings, and other critical networks: Integrated multisystem operation

Abstract The electrifying transportation sector, the increasing grid interactivity of the built environment, the rapidly expanding number of devices within the Internet-of-Things, and the overall trend toward highly connected systems and interdependent networks is revolutionizing the operation of the electric power grid. While these changes are presenting grid operators with new challenges to ensure an efficient, reliable, and sustainable operation of the grid, they also enable a new suite of resources that can be utilized for assisting the grid in times of need. In this chapter, we explore how these recent changes and trends are affecting modern power systems and discuss the benefits and challenges of an increasingly electrified and interconnected world. We will observe how various critical infrastructure, that is, buildings, water and gas, transportation, and telecommunication networks are highly dependent on power network operations but, with improved coordination and control, can also provide valuable assets to the grid in times of need.
The Kinematic Calibration of a Drilling Robot with Optimal Measurement Configurations Based on an Improved Multi-objective PSO Algorithm

In aircraft assembly, robot drilling system has been widely used to enhance the efficiency and quality of assembly holes' manufacturing. However, the industrial robot used by the drilling robot has low absolute positioning accuracy, which cannot meet the hole positioning accuracy requirement of aircraft components, so the drilling robot must be calibrated. The kinematic calibration effect is sensitive to the selection of measurement configurations. Although different observability indexes have been proposed to evaluate the measurement configurations, it is difficult to obtain precise kinematic parameters and minimize the uncertainty of end-effector positions simultaneously with a single observability index. At the same time, current measurement configurations optimization algorithms are still prone to fall into local optimization trap and boundary optimization trap. In order to improve the calibration accuracy of the drilling robot, an improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to search the measurement configurations in the limited workspace, and the “rebound” particle was proposed to avoid local convergence. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was verified by simulations and calibration experiments of a drilling robot with KUKA KR500L340-2. Results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively obtain the measurement configurations with the maximum comprehensive observability index, and the positions of the measurement configurations could avoid the search boundary. Meanwhile, more accurate kinematic parameters of the drilling robot can be calculated by using the optimal measurement configurations searched by the proposed algorithm, and the end-effector position accuracy is 26.94% higher than that calibrated with randomly selected measurement configurations.
The Effect of the Paycheck Protection Program and Financial Reporting Standards on Bank Risk-Taking

This paper examines the consequences of the paycheck protection program (PPP) for bank risk-taking and whether the shift to the current expected credit loss (CECL) model moderates this effect. We find that the extent of a bank’s PPP participation is associated with relatively greater changes in risk-taking outside of the PPP. We also show that this effect is concentrated in banks that have not early adopted the CECL model and banks with timelier pre-PPP loan loss provisions, suggesting that timelier loan loss recognition constrains risk-taking incentives. Overall, our findings provide insight into the indirect consequences of government stimulus programs administered through banks and the role of accounting in constraining bank risk-taking.
Exploring Parental Identities: How Single Black Males Understand Fatherhood in the Absence of Their Fathers:

This qualitative study was exploratory in nature and involved the collection and analysis of data from Single Black fathers in Northern California raised without a father in the home. Fathers in ou...
Lights, Physics, Action: The Science of Theater Lighting Design

A physics professor (DS) and a theater technical instructor (BC) came together in 2018 to plan a general education course on the Physics of Theater Stagecraft. This is less surprising than it sounds, because theatrical lighting design had been Smith’s hobby for almost 30 years, and he has always felt that his understanding of physics helped him better implement the art of stage lighting. In 2019, Guilford College launched a new instructional calendar, and we worked together to offer this interdisciplinary general education course for the first three-week class session. We agreed that our priority was that the students would learn by doing, rather than reading and homework. We spent mornings in the physics lab and afternoons in the theater. There was no final exam—the practical task of creating a design for an actual performance was students’ opportunity to show what they had learned.
Monetary policy regime changes and the risk premium in the foreign exchange markets

Abstract This paper reports an empirical relationship between conduct of monetary policy and the foreign exchange risk premium, using GARCH(1, 1). The time-variation of the risk premium is shown to depend significantly on the changes in the monetary policy regime.
College Courses and Educational Facilitation of the Gifted

Mathematically precocious junior high school students have been encouraged by SMPY to take college courses. To be eligible, the student should score at least 550 on the matematical part of the College Board's Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT-M) as a seventh or eighth grader. A score of at least 400 on SAT-Verbal is also desirable. Courses should be taken for graded credit, preferably in the summer, and in the area of the individual's high ability. Many colleges and universities have proved willing or even eager to admit talented young students. The credits earned can be held in escrow for college later. In the last five years, 131 SMPY youths have taken 277 college courses and earned an over all GPA of 3.59, where 4:A and 3-B. Girls take fewer courses than boys and have a sightly lower GPA. Community colleges are a great deal easier for these students than either colleges of universities. These youths experience little social or emotional difficulty in the college classroom. A comparison group of considerabl...
Combining algebra and higher-order types

The author studies the higher-order rewrite/equational proof systems obtained by adding the simply typed lambda calculus to algebraic rewrite/equational proof systems. He shows that if a many-sorted algebraic rewrite system has the Church-Rosser property, then the corresponding higher-order rewrite system which adds simply typed beta -reduction has the Church-Rossers property too. This result is relevant to parallel implementations of functional programming languages. The author also shows that provability in the higher-order equational proof system obtained by adding the simply typed beta and eta axions to some many-sorted algebraic proof system is effectively reducible to provability in that algebraic proof system. This effective reduction also establishes transformations between higher-order and algebraic equational proofs, which can be useful in automated deduction. >
Transgenic and Gene‐Targeted Mouse Lines for Toxicology Studies

This unit contains an extensive tabular listing of transgenic and gene-targeted mice useful in toxicological studies. Each listing contains a brief description of the phenotype, relevant references, and where applicable, commercial sources.
Evaluating integrated project delivery using the project quarterback rating

AbstractThis paper presents the development, validation, and implementation of an innovative comprehensive project performance metric specifically developed for architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects. The project quarterback rating (PQR) combines key performance metrics of a project into a single number to provide a basis for quantifying project success. The combined performance areas include customer relations, schedule and budget compliance, quality and safety statistics, financial metrics, and communication among the different project stakeholders. The existing literature is analyzed to identify key performance metrics. A data-collection instrument is developed and then used to gather quantitative performance data from recently completed projects. Data are collected from industry professionals across the United States, and multivariate data analysis techniques are used to validate the model. PQR can compare the overall performance for different AEC projects, in addition to the perfo...
Model-based shape recognition using recursive mathematical morphology

This paper introduces a size invariant method to recognize two-dimensional binary shapes using the recursive erosion transform. Using recursive morphology with multiple structuring elements, the method takes constant time per pixel regardless of the scale of the shape model, and also works on noisy images without requiring noise removal. Results from experiments on 100 noisy images show the methodology is able to detect every shape model's scale and position with 13 false alarms and five misdetections out of 254 total translated and scaled models.
Amorphous and Crystalline GeTe Nanocrystals

A facile method for the synthesis of crystalline and amorphous GeTe nanoparticles (NPs) using bis((trimethylsilyl)amido)germanium(II), Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2, and elemental tellurium dispersed in tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) is reported. As synthesized, crystalline particles exhibit narrow dispersity at smaller sizes and tend to grow into anisotropic shapes with increasing reaction time (growth). Furthermore, crystalline GeTe NPs possess rhombohedral symmetry with absorption band energies in near IR region (0.76–0.86 eV). Amorphous GeTe particles prepared at low temperatures are nearly spherical in morphology and display amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition at 209–237 °C depending on their primary particle size. Detailed investigation of the local structure of the amorphous GeTe using pair distribution function (PDF) method reveals that it is closely related to that of the pressure- and temperature-stabilized orthorhombic GeTe.
Incidental liposarcomas identified during hernia repair operations

Background and Objectives Since the inguinal region communicates with the retroperitoneum, both retroperitoneal as well as de novo spermatic cord liposarcomas may be detected during hernia repair operations. We assessed the incidence of liposarcomas presenting at hernia repair in our hospital. Methods We performed a clerical review of pathology reports on adult tissue accessioned during hernia repair operations and reviewed operating room logs to obtain information concerning the total number of hernia repair operations (since some operations afford no accessioned tissue). Results Between 1992 and 1997, 1,736 adult hernia repair specimens were accessioned from approximately 2,000 operations. Among these, 22% had an associated cord lipoma; 2 cases were well-differentiated liposarcomas. These were from males aged 56 and 64 years in contrast to the mean age of 35 years for cord lipoma and measured 13 and 10 cm, whereas the mean size for cord lipomas was 5.5 cm. One of the liposarcomas had radiographic evidence of extension from a retroperitoneal lesion; the other appeared confined to the groin. On surgical exploration, the lesion was restricted to the spermatic cord region in both cases despite the suggestion of retroperitoneal extension/involvement in one. Conclusions Incidental liposarcomas identified during hernia operations are rare ( 10 cm) fatty masses from this area should still be sampled. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999:71:50–53. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Automated grading of renal cell carcinoma using whole slide imaging

Introduction: Recent technology developments have demonstrated the benefit of using whole slide imaging (WSI) in computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using automatic WSI analysis to assist grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is a manual task traditionally performed by pathologists. Materials and Methods: Automatic WSI analysis was applied to 39 hematoxylin and eosin-stained digitized slides of clear cell RCC with varying grades. Kernel regression was used to estimate the spatial distribution of nuclear size across the entire slides. The analysis results were correlated with Fuhrman nuclear grades determined by pathologists. Results: The spatial distribution of nuclear size provided a panoramic view of the tissue sections. The distribution images facilitated locating regions of interest, such as high-grade regions and areas with necrosis. The statistical analysis showed that the maximum nuclear size was significantly different (P < 0.001) between low-grade (Grades I and II) and high-grade tumors (Grades III and IV). The receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that the maximum nuclear size distinguished high-grade and low-grade tumors with a false positive rate of 0.2 and a true positive rate of 1.0. The area under the curve is 0.97. Conclusion: The automatic WSI analysis allows pathologists to see the spatial distribution of nuclei size inside the tumors. The maximum nuclear size can also be used to differentiate low-grade and high-grade clear cell RCC with good sensitivity and specificity. These data suggest that automatic WSI analysis may facilitate pathologic grading of renal tumors and reduce variability encountered with manual grading.
The neurologic significance of celiac disease biomarkers.

Objective: To report neurologic phenotypes and their etiologies determined among 68 patients with either (1) celiac disease (CD) or (2) no CD, but gliadin antibody positivity (2002–2012). Methods: Neurologic patients included both those with the CD-prerequisite major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2/DQ8 haplotype, and those without. The 3 groups were as follows: group 1 (n = 44), CD or transglutaminase (Tg)-2/deamidated gliadin immunoglobulin (Ig)A/IgG detected; group 2 (n = 15), HLA-DQ2/DQ8 noncarriers, and gliadin IgA/IgG detected; and group 3 (n = 9), HLA-DQ2/DQ8 carriers, and gliadin IgA/IgG detected. Neurologic patients and 21 nonneurologic CD patients were evaluated for neural and Tg6 antibodies. Results: In group 1, 42 of 44 patients had CD. Neurologic phenotypes (cerebellar ataxia, 13; neuropathy, 11; dementia, 8; myeloneuropathy, 5; other, 7) and causes (autoimmune, 9; deficiencies of vitamin E, folate, or copper, 6; genetic, 6; toxic or metabolic, 4; unknown, 19) were diverse. In groups 2 and 3, 21 of 24 patients had cerebellar ataxia; none had CD. Causes of neurologic disorders in groups 2 and 3 were diverse (autoimmune, 4; degenerative, 4; toxic, 3; nutritional deficiency, 1; other, 2; unknown, 10). One or more neural-reactive autoantibodies were detected in 10 of 68 patients, all with autoimmune neurologic diagnoses (glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 IgG, 4; voltage-gated potassium channel complex IgG, 3; others, 5). Tg6-IgA/IgG was detected in 7 of 68 patients (cerebellar ataxia, 3; myelopathy, 2; ataxia and parkinsonism, 1; neuropathy, 1); the 2 patients with myelopathy had neurologic disorders explained by malabsorption of copper, vitamin E, and folate rather than by neurologic autoimmunity. Conclusions: Our data support causes alternative to gluten exposure for neurologic dysfunction among most gliadin antibody–positive patients without CD. Nutritional deficiency and coexisting autoimmunity may cause neurologic dysfunction in CD.
A New Method for Statistical Multidimensional Unfolding

ABSTRACT Consider the problem of estimating the positions of a set of targets in a multidimensional Euclidean space from distances reported by a number of observers when the observers do not know their own positions in the space. Each observer reports the distance from the observer to each target plus a random error. This statistical problem is the basic model for the various forms of what is called multidimensional unfolding in the psychometric literature. Multidimensional unfolding methodology as developed in the field of cognitive psychology is basically a statistical estimation problem where the data structure is a set of measures that are monotonic functions of Euclidean distances between a number of observers and targets in a multidimensional space. The new method presented in this article deals with estimating the target locations and the observer positions when the observations are functions of the squared distances between observers and targets observed with an additive random error in a two-dime...
Portable and scalable algorithm for irregular all-to-all communication

In irregular all-to-all communication, messages are exchanged between every pair of processors. The message sizes vary from processor to processor and are known only at run time. This is a fundamental communication primitive in parallelizing irregularly structured scientific computations. Our algorithm reduces the total number of message start-ups. It also reduces node contention by smoothing out the lengths of the messages communicated. As compared to the earlier approaches, our algorithm provides deterministic performance and also reduces the buffer space at the nodes during message passing. The performance of the algorithm is characterised using a simple communication model of high-performance computing (HPC) platforms. We show the implementation on T3D and SP2 using C and the message passing interface standard. These can be easily ported to other HPC platforms. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique as well as the interplay among the machine size, the variance in message length, and the network interface.
A Biomechanical Study of Scaphoid Headless Screws

Scaphoid fractures are the most common fracture of the carpus [1].Headless screws are favored for internal fixation in the treatment of displaced or unstable fractures, because they are embedded below the articular surface of the bone, reducing tissue irritation and immobilization. Compression plays an important role in fracture stability, maintaining gap reduction and also accelerating the healing of cancellous bone [3]. There are several types of screwsbeing used in practice and it is of clinical interest to know how different they are in generating and maintaining the compression force.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Role of TLR4 Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Signal Transduction and Endotoxin Tolerance

In this study, we examined whether tyrosine phosphorylation of the Toll-IL-1 resistance (TIR) domain of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is required for signaling and blocked in endotoxin tolerance. Introduction of the P712H mutation, responsible for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) unresponsiveness of C3H/HeJ mice, into the TIR domain of constitutively active mouse ΔTLR4 and mutation of the homologous P714 in human CD4-TLR4 rendered them signaling-incompetent and blocked TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation. Mutations of tyrosine residues Y674A and Y680A within the TIR domains of CD4-TLR4 impaired its ability to elicit phosphorylation of p38 and JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases, IκB-α degradation, and activation of NF-κB and RANTES reporters. Likewise, full-length human TLR4 expressing Y674A or Y680A mutations showed suppressed capacities to mediate LPS-inducible cell activation. Signaling deficiencies of the Y674A and Y680A TLR4s correlated with altered MyD88-TLR4 interactions, increased associations with a short IRAK-1 isoform, and decreased amounts of activated IRAK-1 in complex with TLR4. Pretreatment of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293/TLR4/MD-2 cells with protein tyrosine kinase or Src kinase inhibitors suppressed LPS-driven TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation, p38 and NF-κB activation. TLR2 and TLR4 agonists induced TLR tyrosine phosphorylation in HEK293 cells overexpressing CD14, MD-2, and TLR4 or TLR2. Induction of endotoxin tolerance in HEK293/TLR4/MD-2 transfectants and in human monocytes markedly suppressed LPS-mediated TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of Lyn kinase to TLR4, but did not affect TLR4-MD-2 interactions. Thus, our data demonstrate that TLR4 tyrosine phosphorylation is important for signaling and is impaired in endotoxin-tolerant cells, and suggest involvement of Lyn kinase in these processes.
Behavioral and Adrenocortical Responses of Rhesus Macaque Mothers to Infant Separation in an Unfamiliar Environment

The behavioral and adrenocortical responses of rhesus macaque mothers to a series of four consecutive 4-day separations from their 5-month old infants in an unfamiliar environment were examined. A biphasic behavioral response to separation was observed, with passive behavior, locomotion, and vocalization highest on Day 1 of separation, and self-directed behaviors and environmental exploration peaking during Days 2–4. Stereotyped locomotion increased, and passive behavior decreased, across successive weeks of separation. The rhesus mothers exhibited substantial cortisol elevations one and two hours postseparation, with cortisol decreasing on the fourth day of separation. The cortisol response was strongest during the first week of separation, but robust elevations occurred in response to repeated separations. No signs of behavioral depression were observed. The results indicate that infant separation combined with removal to a novel environment can be a potent stressor for rhesus macaque mothers.
How quantitative is the concept of maximum overlap

A criterion based on the concept of maximum overlap has been used as an optimizing principle to obtain approximate all valence electron wave functions for a variety of molecules. By means of this procedure, the wave functions are obtained without the use of parameters, semiempirical data, or integral approximations. Even though there are obvious errors in such an approach, the charge densities and dipole moments calculated from these wave functions have a surprising degree of validity. It does appear, though, that the results will be most reasonable for strongly covalent molecules, where large amounts of charge migration are not involved.
Enteric absorption of ciprofloxacin during the immediate postoperative period

We studied the enteric absorption of ciprofloxacin immediately following major abdominal surgery to determine if this drug could replace parenteral agents. Nine critically ill subjects received ciprofloxacin, 750 mg, every 12 h for 48 h via nasogastric tube. Drug concentrations were measured after the first and fourth doses. There was insignificant absorption after the initial dose, Cmax = 0.6 +/- 0.6 (mg/L) and AUC0-12 = 3.5 +/- 3.2 (mg.h/L). Unfortunately, serum ciprofloxacin concentrations were also minimally detectable in three of nine subjects after the fourth dose. Enteric absorption of ciprofloxacin, therefore, was erratic and unpredictable in critically ill patients following major abdominal surgery.
The effect of chronic intracortical microstimulation on the electrode-tissue interface.

Objective. Somatosensation is critical for effective object manipulation, but current upper limb prostheses do not provide such feedback to the user. For individuals who require use of prosthetic limbs, this lack of feedback transforms a mundane task into one that requires extreme concentration and effort. Although vibrotactile motors and sensory substitution devices can be used to convey gross sensations, a direct neural interface is required to provide detailed and intuitive sensory feedback. The viability of intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) as a method to deliver feedback depends in part on the long-term reliability of implanted electrodes used to deliver the stimulation. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of chronic ICMS on the electrode–tissue interface. Approach. We stimulate the primary somatosensory cortex of three Rhesus macaques through chronically implanted electrodes for 4 h per day over a period of six months, with different electrodes subjected to different regimes of stimulation. We measure the impedance and voltage excursion as a function of time and of ICMS parameters. We also test the sensorimotor consequences of chronic ICMS by having animals grasp and manipulate small treats. Main results. We show that impedance and voltage excursion both decay with time but stabilize after 10–12 weeks. The magnitude of this decay is dependent on the amplitude of the ICMS and, to a lesser degree, the duration of individual pulse trains. Furthermore, chronic ICMS does not produce any deficits in fine motor control. Significance. The results suggest that chronic ICMS has only a minor effect on the electrode–tissue interface and may thus be a viable means to convey sensory feedback in neuroprosthetics.
Quantifying the activation of the small molecular weight G-protein ras.

Low molecular weight guanine-nucleotide binding proteins are molecular switches involved in a wide range of cellular functions in eukaryotes. Ras is activated when a membrane receptor is bound by a ligand and the GDP bound to the Ras protein is exchanged for GTP. Once GTP is bound, the Ras three-dimensional conformation changes and binds the kinase Raf. This protein-protein interaction can be used to “pull-down” activated Ras from a cell lysate. The amount of activated Ras is quantitated through immunoblotting and densitometry. This procedure is excellent as a multiweek investigational laboratory.
VLSI implementation of neuromime pulse generator for Eckhorn neurons

The Eckhorn neuron model has important applications in image processing by means of pulse-coded neural networks. It is composed of two principal parts, the dendrite and the neuromime pulse generator. The authors discuss a VLSI design of a neuromime pulse generator for implementation in Eckhorn neurons.
Geometric Kac–Moody modularity

Abstract It is shown how the arithmetic structure of algebraic curves encoded in the Hasse–Weil L-function can be related to affine Kac–Moody algebras. This result is useful in relating the arithmetic geometry of Calabi–Yau varieties to the underlying exactly solvable theory. In the case of the genus three Fermat curve we identify the Hasse–Weil L-function with the Mellin transform of the twist of a number theoretic modular form derived from the string function of a non-twisted affine Lie algebra. The twist character is associated to the number field of quantum dimensions of the conformal field theory.
Specific surface area of a crushed welded tuff before and after aqueous dissolution

Specific surface areas were measured for several reference minerals (anorthoclase, labradorite and augite), welded tuff and stream sediments from Snowshoe Mountain, near Creede, Colorado. Crushed and sieved tuff had an unexpectedly small variation in specific surface area over a range of size fractions. Replicate surface area measurements of the largest and smallest tuff particle size fractions examined (1−0.3mm and<0.212mm) were 2.3 ± 0.2m2/g for each size fraction. Reference minerals prepared in the same way as the tuff had smaller specific surface areas than that of the tuff of the same size fraction. Higher than expected tuff specific surface areas appear to be due to porous matrix. Tuff, reacted in solutions with pH values from 2 to 6, had little change in specific surface area in comparison with unreacted tuff. Tuff, reacted with solutions having high acid concentrations (0.1 M hydrochloric acid or sulfuric-hydrofluoric acid), exhibited a marked increase in specific surface area compared to unreacted tuff.
Suspiciousness and low self-esteem as predictors of misattributions of anger in schizophrenia spectrum disorders

While it is widely recognized that many with schizophrenia have significant difficulties in correctly identifying the emotions of others, less is known about the causes and correlates of particular forms of misattribution, including mistakenly seeing anger in others. One possibility is that persons with high levels of suspiciousness and low levels of self-esteem are at risk to attribute their poor feelings about themselves to the malice of others. To explore this possibility, we identified 52 persons with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder who made significant numbers of errors on the Bell-Lysaker Emotional Recognition Test. We then performed a cluster analysis based on measures of suspiciousness from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and self-esteem from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Schedule, and found the following four groups: a) High Suspiciousness/High Self-Esteem; b) Mild Suspiciousness/High Self-Esteem; c) High Suspiciousness/Low Self-Esteem; and d) Minimal Suspiciousness/Low Self-Esteem. Comparisons between groups revealed that as predicted the High Suspiciousness/Low Self-Esteem group made significantly more misattributions of anger than other groups, even when levels of depression were controlled for statistically. Implications for addressing the misattributions of anger in schizophrenia are discussed.
Direct imaging of planetary systems with a ground-based radio telescope array

The National Radio Astronomy Observatorys proposed Millimeter Array (MMA) will bring unprecedented sensitivity, angular resolution, and image dynamic range to the millimeter wavelength region of the spectrum. An obvious question is whether such an instrument could be used to detect planets orbiting nearby stars. The techniques of aperture synthesis imaging developed for centimeter wavelength radio arrays are capable of producing images whose dynamic ranges greatly exceed the brightness ratio of a solar-type star and a Jupiter-like planet at sub-millimeter or millimeter wavelengths. The angular resolution required to separate a star and planet at a few pc distance can be obtained with baselines of several km. The greatest challenge is sensitivity. At the highest possible observing frequencies (300 GHz for typical high, dry sites, and 900 GHz from the Antarctic plateau), the proposed MMA will be unable to detect the thermal emission from a Jupiter-like planet a few pc away. An upgraded MMA operating near 300 GHz with twice the currently proposed number of antennas, a 20 fractional bandwidth, and improved receivers could detect Jupiter at 4 pc in a few months. Building such an array on the Antarctic plateau and operating at 900 GHz would allow Jupiter at 4 pc to be detected in approximately one day of observing time.
DNA double-strand breaks cooperate with loss of Ink4 and Arf tumor suppressors to generate glioblastomas with frequent Met amplification

Glioblastomas (GBM) are highly radioresistant and lethal brain tumors. Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a risk factor for the development of GBM. In this study, we systematically examined the contribution of IR-induced DSBs to GBM development using transgenic mouse models harboring brain-targeted deletions of key tumor suppressors frequently lost in GBM, namely Ink4a, Ink4b, Arf and/or PTEN. Using low linear energy transfer (LET) X-rays to generate simple breaks or high LET HZE particles (Fe ions) to generate complex breaks, we found that DSBs induce high-grade gliomas in these mice which, otherwise, do not develop gliomas spontaneously. Loss of Ink4a and Arf was sufficient to trigger IR-induced glioma development but additional loss of Ink4b significantly increased tumor incidence. We analyzed IR-induced tumors for copy number alterations to identify oncogenic changes that were generated and selected for as a consequence of stochastic DSB events. We found Met amplification to be the most significant oncogenic event in these radiation-induced gliomas. Importantly, Met activation resulted in the expression of Sox2, a GBM cancer stem cell marker, and was obligatory for tumor formation. In sum, these results indicate that radiation-induced DSBs cooperate with loss of Ink4 and Arf tumor suppressors to generate high-grade gliomas that are commonly driven by Met amplification and activation.
Boundedness and periodic solutions in infinite delay systems

Abstract Liapunov methods are used to give conditions ensuring that solutions of infinite delay equations are uniformly bounded and uniformly ultimately bounded with respect to unbounded (Cg) initial function spaces; and the connection to proving existence of periodic solutions is examined. Several examples illustrate the application of these results, especially to integrodifferential equations.
Growth of Single Crystal Copper Films on Diamond Using Fcc-Iron Seed Layers

Copper films were grown on a single crystal diamond substrate using an iron seed layer. The effect of the crystalline structure of the iron seed on the Cu films was studied with extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The EXAFS study shows that the 10 A Fe seed layer is in an fee structure, and has collapsed into a bec structure by the time 20 A of Fe has been deposited. In the SEM pictures it is observed that subsequent layers of Cu grow as continuous films for thin fcc-Fe seeds, and grow in an island mode for the thick, bcc-Fe seeds.
Locus controlling Bordetella pertussis-induced histamine sensitization (Bphs), an autoimmune disease-susceptibility gene, maps distal to T-cell receptor beta-chain gene on mouse chromosome 6.

Abstract Pertussis toxin (PTX) is the primary component responsible for eliciting the majority of biological activities associated with Bordetella pertussis, including the induction of several tissue-adjuvant models of organ-specific autoimmune disease. PTX, when administered in vivo, enhances vascular permeability, which is made manifest by a concomitant increase in sensitivity to a variety of agents and treatments affecting the vascular bed. One such agent is histamine, and the response to PTX, as measured by hypersensitivity following vasoactive amine challenge, is genetically controlled by the Bphs locus. Susceptibility to the induction of both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) in mice is associated with, and in the latter case linked to, a susceptible allele at this locus. We report here the mapping of the Bphs locus to mouse chromosome 6, telomeric of Tcrb and centromeric of Prp (D6Nds8). This region also contains a number of loci of immunologic relevance including Igk, Ly-2, Ly-3, Il-5r, Ly-35, Ly-4, and Tnfr-2.
Project talk: coordination work and group membership in WikiProjects

WikiProjects have contributed to Wikipedia's success in important ways, yet the range of work that WikiProjects perform and the way they coordinate that work remains largely unexplored. In this study, we perform a content analysis of 788 work-related discussions from the talk pages of 138 WikiProjects in order to understand the role WikiProjects play in collaborative work on Wikipedia. We find that the editors use WikiProjects to coordinate a wide variety of work activities beyond content production and that non-members play an active role in that work. Our research suggests that WikiProject collaboration is less structured and more open than that of many virtual teams and that WikiProjects may function more like FLOSS projects than traditional groups.
Super-resolution technologies for all-weather sense and avoidance (SAA) radar

The sense and avoidance (SAA) and due-regard radar systems have strict requirements on size, weight and power (SWaP) and target localization accuracies. Also, the multi-mission capabilities with both weather and hard targets are critical to the survivability of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in the next generation national airspace. The aperture limitations of the aircraft sensor installation, however, have prevented large antennas/arrays to be used. The tradeoffs among frequencies, resolutions and detection range/accuracies have not been fully addressed. Innovative concepts of overcoming the aperture limitation by using a special type of super-resolution technology are introduced. The first technique is based on a combination of thinned antenna array, an extension to the traditional Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) technique, and applying a two-dimensional sidelobe mitigation technique. To overcome the degradation of MUSIC-type of approach due to coherent radar signals, a special waveform optimization procedure is used. The techniques for mitigating artifacts due to "thinned" array are also introduced. Simulated results of super-resolution techniques are discussed and evaluated, and the capability of separating multiple targets within aperture-constrained beamwidth is demonstrated. Moreover, the potential capabilities of autonomous weather hazard avoidance are also analyzed.
Dynamics of an interacting luminous disc, dark halo and satellite companion

This paper describes a method, based on linear perturbation theory, to determine the dynamical interaction between extended halo and spheroid components and an environmental disturbance. One finds that resonant interaction between a galaxy and passing interlopers or satellite companions can carry the disturbance inward, deep inside the halo, where it can perturb the disc. Applied to the Milky Way for example, the LMC and SMC appear to be sufficient to cause the observed Galactic warp and possibly seed other asymmetries. This is a multi-scale interaction in which the halo wake has a feature at roughly half the satellite orbital radius owing to a 2:1 orbital resonance. The rotating disturbance then excites an m = 1 vertical disc mode which has the classic integral-sign morphology. A polar satellite orbit produces the largest warp and therefore the inferred LMC orbit is nearly optimal for maximum warp production. Both the magnitude and morphology of the response depend on the details of the disc and halo models. Most critically, a change in the halo profile will shift the resonant frequencies and response location and consequently alter the coupling to the bending disc. Increasing the halo support relative to the disc, a sub-maximal disc model, decreases the warp amplitude. Finally, the results and prognosis for N-body simulations are discussed. Discreteness noise in the halo, similar to that arising from a population of 106-M⊙ black holes, can produce observable warping.
Time- and Phase-Space Stability Analysis of the Jupiter-Sun System

A comparison of dynamic stability determination for a celestial body is made between the Newtonian time domain and the phase-space domain. A new method of using the line of syzygies for determination of the stability of a third body moving in the region of two primary bodies is reviewed for accuracy via more proven or investigated phase-space methods such as Poincare phase space surface of section methods. Phase-space surface of section methods appear to verify that the use of the line of syzygies as a stability criteria is valid, shedding new information of the stable motion of the third body, especially in the time domain. resulting data and not requiring a Hamiltonian constant. However, the disadvantage of time-domain analysis surfaces in the difficult attempt to investigate the system for an infinite time. These two different approaches are investigated and compared in this paper to study the long-term stability of a dynamic system. The dynamic system investigated is the circular restricted problem of three bodies as will be explained. Szebehely, 9 Tuckness, 10 and McKenzie and Szebehely 11 have had success in studying the dynamic stability of the three-body system using a Newtonian time-domain boundary envelope approach. The boundary envelope approach is a method of bounding the kinetic en- ergy of the third body as it departs (or passes through) the L4 point. This study compares this Newtonian time-domain boundary enve- lope measure, or interpretation, of stability to the classical Poincare surface of section interpretation found using phase-space investiga- tive techniques. Both methods are used to investigate the motion of a third body for stability in the same Jupiter-sun system. This study compares the phase-space-domain results with the time-domain re- sults applied to the stability of a third body in motion near one of the equilibrium points, the L 4 Lagrange point. In particular, it is shown that the time-domain boundary envelope approach used as a stability measure in Refs. 9-11 offers very similar and yet totally in- dependent results compared to the traditional phase-space methods. Furthermore, the boundary envelope approach presents the stability criteria in a time domain Cartesian coordinate system, which can be easier to interpret for real-time application and analysis. It is also shown that the time-domain studies can be used to better understand the results of the phase-space studies that can sometimes be difficult to analyze.
Transient nonlinear wave mixing in collisional plasmas

The time dynamics of two-wave and four-wave mixing in a collisional plasma are explored. Maxwell's equations are coupled to the governing equations of a warm collisional plasma; this is followed by linearization based on a strong undepleted pump wave and simplification by the slowly varying envelope approximation. The resulting equations are solved via Laplace-transform techniques. We predict that in the presence of collisions between the plasma charged particles and background neutrals the two-wave-mixing geometry produces spatial amplification of an applied probe wave under transient (or nearly degenerate) conditions on the frequencies. The four-wave-mixing configuration produces a response that is governed by a ratio of characteristic time constants and the average number of collisions in a characteristic spatial scale. In both configurations enhancement of the plasma response occurs when transient or nearly degenerate conditions generate a moving intensity grating that propagates at a velocity of a natural mode of the plasma. The two-wave-mixing geometry has a single such resonance condition, and the four-wave-mixing geometry has two.
Comment on "Molecular phylogenies link rates of evolution and speciation" (II).

Webster et al . ([ 1 ][1]) compared “the net number of speciation events to underlying genetic change using 56 published phylogenies inferred from gene-sequence data” and reported a correlation between rates of genetic evolution and speciation. They argued that their findings lend support to the
Sexual attractivity, proceptivity, and receptivity in female mammals

Abstract Special definitions are proposed for three concepts representing characteristics of female mammals when they are in estrus. Attractivity refers to the female's stimulus value in evoking sexual responses by the male. Proceptivity connotes various reactions by the female toward the male which constitute her assumption of initiative in establishing or maintaining sexual interaction. Receptivity is defined in terms of female responses necessary and sufficient for the male's success in achieving intravaginal ejaculation. Attempts are made to measure each variable in the S-R paradigm and to identify the causal agents determining each aspect of the estrous female's behavioral characteristics.