cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urinary incontinence symptoms during and after pregnancy in continent and incontinent primiparas

Objective: Examine patterns of urinary incon- tinence during and after pregnancy, as recalled by incon- tinent and continent primiparas. Study design: Primiparous women reporting no pre-pregnancy incontinence, were recruited 6 to 9 months postpartum. Those reporting current continence and demonstrating a negative stress test were considered "Primiparous Continent" (PC, n=64). Those reporting current incontinence and demonstrating a positive stress test were considered "Primiparous Incontinent" (PI, n=57). Subjects self-administered a questionnaire recalling leakage during and after pregnancy. Results: Sixteen percent of PC women leaked during pregnancy. Of these, 70% experienced frequent leakage during pregnancy. Seventy-eight percent of PI women leaked both during and after pregnancy. Several patterns arose surrounding leakage frequency for PI women: 19% only leaked frequently during pregnancy, 4% only leaked frequently after pregnancy, and 51% leaked frequently both during and after pregnancy. Conclusion: Nearly five times as many primiparous incontinent women, compared with primiparous continent women, leaked during pregnancy.
Inhibition of Breast Tumor Cell Growth by Ectopic Expression of p16/INK4A Via Combined Effects of Cell Cycle Arrest, Senescence and Apoptotic Induction, and Angiogenesis Inhibition

p16-mediated inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and tumor suppression have been studied before,; the common consensus is that p16's cell-cycle arrest function plays a primary role in these actions, with some additional apoptotic induction by p16. However, other effects of p16 that may potentially contribute to p16-mediated anti-tumor ability have not been well studied. The emerging data including ours indicated that p16 contributes its anti-cancer ability by inducing tumor cells to senescence. Moreover, we showed that p16 inhibits breast cancer cell growth by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway and angiogenesis. In this study, we used adenoviral-mediated p16 expression (AdRSVp16) and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as the model to simultaneously analyze all these p16's anti-tumor functions. We demonstrated that adenoviral-mediated p16 expression exhibited multiple anti-tumor functions by simultaneously suppressing in vitro growth and in vivo angiogenesis of breast cancer cells, blocking cell division, as well as inducing senescence and apoptosis. The in vivo study implies that p16's effect on anti-angiogenesis may play a more significant role than its anti-cell proliferation in the overall suppression of tumor growth. These results suggest, for the first time, that AdRSVp16-mediated tumor suppression results from a combination of p16's multiple anti-tumor functions including p16's well-known anti-proliferation/cell division function, apoptotic and senescence induction function, and its lesser-known/under-investigated anti-angiogenesis function. These combined results strongly indicate that p16 gene therapy has a multi-module platform with different anti-tumor functions; therefore, this study justifies and promotes the viral-mediated p16 gene therapy as a promising and powerful treatment approach for cancer patients due to p16's multiple anti-tumor functions.
An X- to ku-band 3-bit digital MEMS varactor

A 3-bit digital microelectromechanical system (MEMS) varactor bank is demonstrated on a low-cost glass substrate. It is composed of three discrete-position varactors, each of them achieving a capacitance ratio close to 3:1. The total capacitance of the varactor bank is tunable from 146 fF to 430 fF in eight states and is suitable for X- or Ku-band operation. The design can be easily scaled to Ka-band frequencies.
Forest Stress: Symptomatic Foliar Damage Caused by Air Contaminants

Under conditions of sufficient dose, air pollutants directly cause visible injury to forest trees. The accumulation of particulate contaminants on leaf surfaces or the continued uptake of gaseous pollutants through leaf stomata will eventually result in cell and tissue damage that will be manifest in foliar symptoms obvious to the trained, but unaided eye. This direct induction of disease in trees by air pollutants is the most dramatic and obvious individual tree response of all Class II interactions. It is the only Class II interaction that can be detected in the field by causal observation. Unlike altered reproductive strategy, nutrient cycling, tree metabolism, or insect and disease relationships; the degree of foliar symptoms induced by air pollutants can be relatively easily observed, inventoried, and quantified. In the presence of sufficient dose, tree damage may be of sufficient severity to cause mortality. Tree death directly induced by ambient air pollution exposure is considered a Class III interaction and is treated in Chapter 16.
Angle of incidence effect on five soiled modules from five different PV technologies

Higher the angle of incidence (AOI), lower will be the photovoltaic (PV) module performance. The AOI investigation for cleaned modules of five different technologies with air/glass interface has already been reported by our research group. However, the modules that are installed in the field would invariably develop a soil layer with varying thickness depending on the site condition, rain fall and tilt angle. The soiled module will have the air/soil/glass interface rather than air/glass interface. This study investigates the AOI variations on soiled modules of five different PV technologies. It is demonstrated that AOI effect is inversely proportional to the soil density - in other words, the power or current loss between clean and soiled modules would be much higher at a higher AOI than at a lower AOI leading to excessive energy production loss of soiled modules on cloudy days, early morning hours and late afternoon hours. Also, in this study, we show that the critical angle shifts from 57° for the clean air/glass interface to 40° for the naturally developed air/soil/glass interface in Mesa, Arizona for the fall season.
Photochemically induced cerebral infarction. I. Early microvascular alterations.

Alterations in the blood-brain barrier to proteins, and regional water and electrolyte content were documented in a rat model of photochemically induced small-vessel thrombosis leading to infarction. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or Evans blue was given immediately following a 2-min photochemical sensitization period. At 5 min following irradiation, multifocal sites of peroxidase extravasation were noted within the irradiated area. Ultrastructural examination revealed endothelial cells filled with HRP which in some cases extended into the basal lamina and extracellular spaces. At 15 min, protein leakage was more pronounced within the irradiated zone and reaction product was also apparent within the subarachnoid and perivascular spaces of brain regions remote from the site of irradiation. Widespread staining on the surface of the irradiated hemisphere was apparent in rats perfused 8 h following Evans blue infusion. Water content increased significantly by 15 min within the irradiated zone but not in brain regions remote from this site. Although vasogenic edema is an early event in this stroke model, increases in water content are restricted to the irreversibly damaged site. In contrast, protein tracer escaping from microvessels coursing within the irradiated zone was widely distributed. These findings implicate endothelial barrier dysfunction in the genesis of tissue injury in this model. Morphological evidence for the capability of macromolecules to escape from a site of evolving infarction and to migrate to distances remote from the area of primary microvascular damage is also discussed.
Polynuclear Fen Complexes (n = 1, 2, 4, 5) of Polytopic Hydrazone Ligands with Fe(II), Fe(III) and Mixed Oxidation State Combinations

The iron coordination chemistry of some polytopic hydrazone based ligands is examined. The complexes derive from a general self-assembly strategy, where ligand design can be used to devise specific polymetallic [n × n] grid architectures. However, as part of any complex equilibrium process, oligomeric entities can also occur, particularly when ligand tautomeric flexibility is considered, and examples of mononuclear, dinuclear, tetranuclear, and pentanuclear complexes have been observed within a related class of ligands. In addition, ligand site donor composition can lead to coordination spheres that stabilize both high spin Fe(II) and Fe(III) sites, with evidence for Fe(II) spin crossover. Structural and magnetic properties are examined, which reveal the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange in the polynuclear systems.
INCORPORATION OF PLASMA CHOLESTEROL-4-C14 INTO EGG YOLK CHOLESTEROL.

SummaryThese data indicate that the laying hen transfers cholesterol-4-C14 from the blood across the ovarian membranes into developing yolks. Eggs laid after administration of cholesterol-4-C14 intravenously contained up to 45.8% of the administered isotope confined completely to the cholesterol fraction of the yolk. Many individual eggs contained from 5–10 μc of cholesterol-4-C14. The specific radioactivity of yolk cholesterol always had a well defined temporal relationship to the specific radioactivity of cholesterol in the blood. While exact quantitative data are not yet available, the results of these experiments suggest that most, if not all, of the cholesterol in the egg yolk originates from the blood.
Biofilm formation and sanitizer resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains isolated from "high event period" meat contamination.

In the meat industry, a “high event period” (HEP) is defined as a time period during which commercial meat plants experience a higher than usual rate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 contamination. Genetic analysis indicated that within a HEP, most of the E. coli O157:H7 strains belong to a singular dominant strain type. This was in disagreement with the current beef contamination model stating that contamination occurs when incoming pathogen load on animal hides, which consists of diverse strain types of E. coli O157:H7, exceeds the intervention capacity. Thus, we hypothesize that the HEP contamination may be due to certain in-plant colonized E. coli O157:H7 strains that are better able to survive sanitization through biofilm formation. To test our hypothesis, a collection of 45 E. coli O157:H7 strains isolated from HEP beef contamination incidents and a panel of 47 E. coli O157:H7 strains of diverse genetic backgrounds were compared for biofilm formation and sanitizer resistance. Biofilm formation was tested...
Use of inotropic agents in critical illness.

Inotropic agents are commonly used in critically ill patients to increase oxygen delivery and tissue perfusion. The indications for inotropic support are inadequate delivery and consumption of oxygen. The two principal groups of drugs are the phosphodiesterase inhibitors and the catecholamines. Each agent has specific uses in improving cardiovascular function in critically ill surgical patients.
23 Agriculture injuries with a focus on rural roadway safety: a global challenge

Throughout the world, transportation-related injuries are among the leading causes of death for agricultural workers. Rural roadways pose unique risks that contribute to their high fatal crash rate per miles travelled when compared with other types of roads. This presentation will introduce the burden and risk factors for agricultural injuries with a focus on farm equipment safety in different types of global roadway settings. Two case studies will demonstrate the complex factors that contribute to crash risk, ranging from roadway design, to rural population demographics, to traffic safety culture. Effective rural roadway safety requires a multisectoral approach and will require input from all rural roadway users. Prevention and intervention approaches will be discussed within the public health framework, addressing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention and policy, engineering, and educational approaches.
Feminist Perspective of Race/Ethnicity and Gender in Sport

To discuss gender is to acknowledge that gender is embedded with race. Feminists of color, particularly those writing within North America, have most persistently theorized this axiom. For instance, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw (University of Chicago Legal Forum, 140:139–167, 1989; Stanford Law Review, 43:1241–1299, 1993) offers the concept of intersectionality as one way to capture this phenomenon.
The Role of Hormones in Photosynthate Partitioning and Seed Filling

The movement of photoassimilates from sites of synthesis in leaf tissue (source) to the sites of net accumulation in a different tissue (sink) potentially can be regulated at numerous points. Regulation of the net flow of photoassimilates is an integrated process. It is generally accepted that the concentration gradient of photoassimilates between the source and sink is the primary determinant of the current rate of transport and pattern of partitioning (14, 19, 60). However, close examination of the various components involved in the overall process of partitioning indicates that endogenous plant hormones may serve as modulators of many of the specific rate limiting components. This chapter will focus on the involvement of plant hormones as natural regulators of partitioning of photoassimilates especially to developing seeds.
Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers in Hypertension: Alive and Well

Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are an appropriate treatment for patients having systemic hypertension (HTN) who have concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, obstructive cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection or certain cardiac arrhythmias. β-Blockers can be used in combination with other antiHTN drugs to achieve maximal blood pressure control. Labetalol can be used in HTN emergencies and urgencies. β-Blockers may be useful in HTN patients having a hyperkinetic circulation (palpitations, tachycardia, HTN, and anxiety), migraine headache, and essential tremor. β-Blockers are highly heterogeneous with respect to various pharmacologic properties: degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, membrane stabilizing activity, β1 selectivity, α1-adrenergic blocking effects, tissue solubility, routes of systemic elimination, potencies and duration of action, and specific properties may be important in the selection of a drug for clinical use. β-Blocker usage to reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular (CV) complications may not benefit as many patients as was once hoped, and may actually cause harm in some individuals. Currently the best evidence supports perioperative β-blocker use in two patient groups: patients undergoing vascular surgery with known IHD or multiple risk factors for it, and for those patients already receiving β-blockers for known CV conditions.
MIMO technology for point-to-point and multi-user wireless communication

Technology development for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) wireless communication has undergone significant growth over the past several years. While some research questions remain unanswered related to this topic, for the most part the technology currently exists for implementing MIMO in point-to-point links. Using multi-antenna approaches for multi-user networks, however, remains an area of intense investigation. In this paper, we highlight some of our recent research in point-to-point MIMO systems and discuss our current and upcoming work relating to multi-user networks with MIMO enabled nodes.
Development of Intrathecal AAV9 Gene Therapy for Giant Axonal Neuropathy.

An NIH-sponsored phase I clinical trial is underway to test a potential treatment for giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) using viral-mediated GAN gene replacement (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02362438). This trial marks the first instance of intrathecal (IT) adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer in humans. GAN is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disorder caused by autosomal recessive loss-of-function mutations in the GAN gene, which encodes the gigaxonin protein. Gigaxonin is involved in the regulation, turnover, and degradation of intermediate filaments (IFs). The pathologic signature of GAN is giant axonal swellings filled with disorganized accumulations of IFs. Herein, we describe the development and characterization of the AAV vector carrying a normal copy of the human GAN transgene (AAV9/JeT-GAN) currently employed in the clinical trial. Treatment with AAV/JeT-GAN restored the normal configuration of IFs in patient fibroblasts within days in cell culture and by 4 weeks in GAN KO mice. IT delivery of AAV9/JeT-GAN in aged GAN KO mice preserved sciatic nerve ultrastructure, reduced neuronal IF accumulations and attenuated rotarod dysfunction. This strategy conferred sustained wild-type gigaxonin expression across the PNS and CNS for at least 1 year in mice. These results support the clinical evaluation of AAV9/JeT-GAN for potential therapeutic outcomes and treatment for GAN patients.
Coupling of excitation to Ca2+ release is modulated by dysferlin.

Key points Dysferlin, the protein missing in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy, concentrates in transverse tubules of skeletal muscle, where it stabilizes voltage-induced Ca2+ transients against loss after osmotic shock injury (OSI). Local expression of dysferlin in dysferlin-null myofibres increases transient amplitude to control levels and protects them from loss after OSI. Inhibitors of ryanodine receptors (RyR1) and L-type Ca2+ channels protect voltage-induced Ca2+ transients from loss; thus both proteins play a role in injury in dysferlin's absence. Effects of Ca2+ -free medium and S107, which inhibits SR Ca2+ leak, suggest the SR as the primary source of Ca2+ responsible for the loss of the Ca2+ transient upon injury. Ca2+ waves were induced by OSI and suppressed by exogenous dysferlin. We conclude that dysferlin prevents injury-induced SR Ca2+ leak. Abstract Dysferlin concentrates in the transverse tubules of skeletal muscle and stabilizes Ca2+ transients when muscle fibres are subjected to osmotic shock injury (OSI). We show here that voltage-induced Ca2+ transients elicited in dysferlin-null A/J myofibres were smaller than control A/WySnJ fibres. Regional expression of Venus-dysferlin chimeras in A/J fibres restored the full amplitude of the Ca2+ transients and protected against OSI. We also show that drugs that target ryanodine receptors (RyR1: dantrolene, tetracaine, S107) and L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) prevented the decrease in Ca2+ transients in A/J fibres following OSI. Diltiazem specifically increased transients by ∼20% in uninjured A/J fibres, restoring them to control values. The fact that both RyR1s and LTCCs were involved in OSI-induced damage suggests that damage is mediated by increased Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the RyR1. Congruent with this, injured A/J fibres produced Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves. S107 (a stabilizer of RyR1-FK506 binding protein coupling that reduces Ca2+ leak) or local expression of Venus-dysferlin prevented OSI-induced Ca2+ waves. Our data suggest that dysferlin modulates SR Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle, and that in its absence OSI causes increased RyR1-mediated Ca2+ leak from the SR into the cytoplasm.
Multifocal iris melanoma in a 2-year-old managed with I-125 plaque brachytherapy.

We report a 23-month-old patient presenting with multifocal iris melanoma who underwent plaque brachytherapy with full corneal coverage. The lesion demonstrated several high-risk clinical and histopathologic features associated with iris melanoma in adults, including growth and angle seeding. The patient has been subsequently followed for 3.5 years with no evidence of recurrence. This report demonstrates the importance of serial examination of suspected melanocytic iris lesions in very young children and the effective treatment option of globe-sparing radiation therapy.
Electrochemical Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials with Aqueous Flowing Dispersions

Abstract Battery active materials are evaluated using numerous material characterization techniques for fundamental understanding, comparative analysis during research and development, and for quality control during manufacturing. Electrochemical properties of the active materials also need to be investigated and validated, and this analysis is very time and material intensive generally requiring electrode fabrication, cell assembly and cell cycling. In addition, evaluating active materials electrochemically in battery cells can be complicated by the electrode microstructure and the contributions of other components within the cell that are not the active materials. In this report, an active material characterization method is demonstrated to provide electrochemical insights for lithium-ion cathode materials by dispersing them into aqueous electrolyte and flowing through an electrochemical reaction cell. This method requires very little active material and time to conduct the measurements, typically requiring under 0.1 grams of material and less than 10 minutes. The measured resistance from this technique provides insights into the electrochemical performance of the active material and generally correlates to the rate capability. This measured resistance is insensitive to other electrode components or electrode microstructure because there is no electrode fabrication step. LiFePO 4 was chosen as a commercial material for initial demonstration of the technique.
Featured Article: Community Crime Exposure and Risk for Obesity in Preschool Children: Moderation by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Axis Response.

Objective Identification of early risk factors related to obesity is critical to preventative public health efforts. In this study, we investigated links between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA)-axis activity (diurnal cortisol pattern), geospatially operationalized exposure to neighborhood crime, and body mass index (BMI) for a sample of 5-year-old children. Greater community crime exposure and lower HPA-axis activity were hypothesized to contribute to higher BMI, with child HPA-axis moderating the association between crime exposure and BMI. Method Families residing within the boundaries of the City of Seattle (N = 114) provided information concerning demographic/psychosocial risk factors, used to calculate a Cumulative Risk Index, indicating the number of contextual adversities present. Child BMI and diurnal cortisol pattern (derived from assays of saliva samples) were examined, along with neighborhood crime indices computed with publically available information, based on participants' locations. Results Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, adjusted for covariates (cumulative risk, age, and sex), indicated that crime proximity made a unique contribution to child BMI, in the direction signaling an increase in the risk for obesity. Consistent with our hypothesis, a significant interaction was observed, indicative of moderation by diurnal cortisol pattern. Follow-up simple slope analyses demonstrated that crime exposure was significantly related to higher BMI for children with low-flat (blunted) diurnal cortisol patterns, where community crime and BMI were not significantly associated at higher levels of cortisol. Conclusion Community crime exposure contributes to higher BMI as early as the preschool period, and blunted diurnal cortisol patterns may place children experiencing neighborhood adversity at greater risk for obesity.
Resolving occlusion ambiguity by combining Kalman tracking with feature tracking for image sequences

An improved method for mitigating occlusion in object tracking is proposed in this paper. Using more traditional methods of object tracking and feature detection, a novel scheme is developed based on the use of multiple tracking methods which operate in parallel to minimize the effect of occlusion. A popular feature detection algorithm called Histogram Oriented Gradients (HOG) is used as our baseline tracker. Its ability to detect and track objects during occlusion is then enhanced with a Kalman filter. State variables for Kalman include position and velocity of the object. Additionally, we introduce a new term called a Correlation Constant C(k) which makes use of a HOG trackers noise distribution to minimize the process and measurement variance of the Kalman filter. An online video database is used to experimentally verify our proposed algorithm [1]. Each video frame is provided with ground truth coordinates for the object being tracked. Results were developed in Matlab using online code developed by Henriques [2]. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm is effective in solving the occlusion problem.
A software-defined radio approach to multi-link channel characterization

Channel characterization is important for determining both the requirements for a wireless system and its resulting reliability. For many emerging applications, the deployment conditions may be relatively static but the channel still far from ideal due to multipath caused by a complex environment. Examples include predictive health monitoring of buildings and machinery and other emerging machine-to-machine (M2M) systems for which using standard channel sounding approaches may not be cost effective. This work leverages a software-defined radio (SDR) platform for conducting channel measurements. Specifically the approach results in channel loss as a function of frequency; i.e., a scalar S 21 measurement. Not only is the presented SDR system much lower in cost than traditional channel sounding methods, we demonstrate that it can simultaneously measure multiple and distributed wireless communication links. Our SDR results trend well with VNA measurements, exhibiting an average error of ∼0.5 dB over a dynamic range of ≥ 30 dB.
Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Meaning, Perception, and Behavior

Mead’s pragmatic focus on habit as the foundation of meaning is usually viewed in sharp contrast with Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenological examination of meaning within experience. The explicit focus of each philosopher’s position, however, is latent within that of the other. And, nowhere is this more manifest than in their similar understandings of the relation between the meanings which inform human perception and the structure of human behavior. The ensuing discussion will take up first Mead’s understanding of this relation.
A Contextual Model for Clinical Mental Health Effectiveness Research

Clinical effectiveness research, like clinical efficacy research, is designed to establish a causal relationship between an intervention and an outcome. But instead of focusing on the intervention technology, clinical effectiveness research must focus on the rest of the “real-world” picture. To do that well, the research must be designed to answer complex questions about why the intervention “worked,” for whom, and under what circumstances. It must also incorporate the theory and methods available from the social and behavioral sciences. A model is proposed to help clinical effectiveness researchers accomplish this.
The Argumentative Structure of Some Persuasive Appeal Variations

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conceptual relationships among the argument forms embodied in a number of message variations that have figured prominently in persuasion research. The central claim is that one relatively simple argumentative contrast underlies a great many of the—seemingly different—message variations that have been studied by persuasion researchers. This underlying unity has been obscured, however, precisely because persuasion researchers have not been attentive to the fundamental argumentative structures of the messages under investigation. The persuasion research of central interest is studies of different kinds of appeals based on consequences or outcomes—the kind of argument Perelman termed a “pragmatic argument” and Walton labeled “argument from consequences.” Although not anywhere explicitly acknowledged previously, a good deal of social-scientific persuasion research has addressed the question of the relative persuasiveness of different forms of consequence-based arguments, and specifically the differential persuasive effects of variation in the evaluative extremity of the consequences invoked by such arguments. Specifically, findings from a variety of different lines of research—self-monitoring, consideration of future consequences, regulatory focus, individualism-collectivism, argument quality—all buttress the conclusion that consequence-based arguments emphasizing relatively more desirable consequences of the advocated action are likely to be more persuasive than are arguments emphasizing relatively less desirable consequences. And research on fear appeals has found that threats perceived as more severe (i.e., more undesirable) make for more effective persuasive appeals than do threats perceived as less severe (less undesirable). So consequences that are evaluated more extremely (more desirable consequences of adopting the advocated action, or more undesirable consequences of failing to adopt the advocated action) make for more persuasive appeals than do consequences that are less extremely evaluated. That all these different lines of research address the same underlying phenomenon would not have been easy to see without closely considering the underlying argumentative structure of these appeals—but once seen, the common thread is obvious: Persuasion researchers have confirmed, over and over again, that the persuasiveness of consequence-based arguments is affected by the evaluative extremity of the depicted consequences. The research to date does add something beyond this unsurprising generalization, because it identifies various substantively different kinds of outcomes whose evaluations might vary. But these substantive variations represent different surface manifestations of an underlying argumentative unity.
Observation of regge pole effects in rho0 delta++ and omega0 delta++ production at 3.7 gev/c

Evidence is presented for zeros in the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-exchange contribution to ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ and in the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-exchange contribution to ${\ensuremath{\omega}}^{0}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}$ production. The position of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$-exchange zero is consistent with a $\ensuremath{\pi}$ trajectory with ${{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\ensuremath{'}}(0)\ensuremath{\approx}1.2 {(\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. Evidence is also presented suggesting that the ${A}_{2}$ chooses the Gell-Mann mechanism (nonsense choosing). A model of $\ensuremath{\pi}$ exchange with exact $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}B$ exchange degeneracy is found to describe the data quantitatively.
Overview of Flood Issues in Contemporary Water Management

One of the most important goals of water management is the protection of the society and material property against the harmful effects of water, including flooding and disruption of economic activities by flood waters. Such a goal is particularly important in densely developed urban areas with high concentrations of population, material properties, and economic activities, and potentially high flood damages [1].
DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN FETAL ADRENAL CORTEX

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development and function of the human fetal adrenal cortex. The adrenal cortex of human beings undergoes extensive anatomical and biochemical changes during fetal life and during the first few months of postnatal life. In contrast to the changes in other fetal organs, many of these developmental changes cannot be understood through the study of animal models because distinctive features of human fetal adrenal glands are not seen in nonhumans other than the high primates. From early embryologic development, there is a separation of the adrenal cortex into permanent and fetal zones. The fetal zone is the inner portion of the gland and is composed of cells with small nuclei and large amounts of cytoplasm. The outer, permanent zone is made up of cells with relatively small amounts of cytoplasm. The two zones of the fetal adrenal cortex differ by way of histochemical and biochemical properties, as well as structural features. In the human fetus, organs other than the adrenal cortex play important roles in adrenal steroid metabolism and in determining the characteristic patterns of the circulating steroids. Many of the distinguishing features of human fetal adrenal cortical function are the results of steroidogenic activities of the fetal zone.
Average area under the curve: An alternative method for quantifying the dental caries experience in longitudinal studies.

OBJECTIVES Field-traditional decayed, missing, filled surfaces (dmfs) increments require complete follow-up, only using initial and final visits. Repeated dmfs scores complicate sophisticated statistical models, limiting their utility. Elsewhere, area under the curve (AUC) uses all repeated measures to summarize data. This study applied AUC methodology to caries data, creating average AUCs for dmfs trajectories (dmfsaAUC ) and comparing increments and dmfsaAUC values. METHODS Longitudinal data were obtained from high-caries risk (i.e. poor, rural, African American community in Perry County, Alabama) infants, 8 to 18 months at baseline. Baseline and five annual visual oral examinations provided dmfs scores. Differences in baseline and final dmfs scores constituted increments. The trapezoidal rule was applied to dmfs trajectories to calculate AUC values which were adjusted for varying follow-up times, producing dmfsaAUC values. Participants sharing incremental or dmfsaAUC values had their trajectories and second caries measurements compared. Within-participant increment and dmfsaAUC differences were evaluated (paired t test, α = 0.05). Comparative analyses required complete follow-up. RESULTS The dmfsaAUC provided forty-eight additional person-years, increasing the potential sample size by 20% (N = 85). Sixty-six children, 5.7 to 6.3 year-olds at study's end, contributed 121 331 person-days to five-year increment and dmfsaAUC calculations. Trajectories and dmfsaAUC values varied for participants with equivalent increments; comparable trajectories and different increments resulted from participants with similar dmfsaAUC values. Within-participant disease amounts were similar. CONCLUSIONS When desired, dmfsaAUC can replace increments as a more data-inclusive summary of longitudinal caries burden, incorporating intermediate visits, incomplete follow-up and time.
No Archive Will Restore You

Barbara Browning:Singh! As you and (until now) only you know, this is how I always open my messages to you. (This is what they call “full disclosure” – a very fitting term in relation to your own b...
The Settlement Norm in Audit Legal Disputes: Insights from Prominent Attorneys

Prior research indicates that most audit legal disputes settle. There is, however, little evidence of the factors that drive the settlement norm and its exceptions in audit legal disputes. To better understand these factors, we rely on theory related to how professionals manage risks and, as a result, how professions defend jurisdictional claims (e.g., Abbott 1988; Power 2004). We use this theoretical lens to help motivate four research questions that we probe by interviewing 27 prominent attorneys experienced in audit litigation. Consistent with our lens, our interview data indicate that attorneys manage their risks, including the risk of reputational loss, by settling based on their expectations of trial verdicts. Unlike trials, settlements simultaneously enable attorneys on both sides to limit costs and avoid catastrophic jury verdicts and, by doing so, claim “wins” for their clients. Attorneys also stress that they settle many audit disputes without any legal filings. Thus, a large subset of disputes is invisible to the public and researchers. Attorneys characterize trials as exceptions to the settlement norm that emerge due to abnormal conditions sometimes present in disputes. However, trial verdicts in these abnormal conditions help attorneys justify the use of settlements to clients, as attorneys stress that by settling they can avoid the dreaded possibility of extreme unfavorable verdicts. We conclude that as individual attorneys manage their risks, especially the risk of reputational loss, their profession maintains its public image and thereby defends its jurisdictional claims. Among the many questions we pose for future research is whether the settlement norm reduces society’s ability to monitor the audit profession and, more generally, whether this norm’s benefits outweigh its drawbacks.
Fast Probabilistic Voltage Control for Distribution Networks With Distributed Generation Using Polynomial Surrogates

Renewable distributed generation will be a key component of future power distribution networks. In order to control the voltage conditions for distribution networks integrated with distributed generation (DG) units, it is vital to quantify the impacts of control variables on voltage magnitudes under consumption and generation uncertainties. To do so, we need to run, for each control action, several power flow simulations for various consumption and generation realizations. This is computationally infeasible for systems with many uncertain inputs. In this work, we address this challenge by developing surrogates, or metamodels, that analytically estimate the random voltage as a function of input variables which include random parameters (consumption and generation levels) and control actions (power factors). Specifically, we propose a model reduction method for building these surrogates, which reduces the number of simulations needed for training. This method identifies and includes only the consumption and generation variables that are influential on the voltage at a given bus. Using this `reduced' surrogate, we then develop a sensitivity-based approach for probabilistic voltage control. We demonstrate the computational efficacy of the control approach on a IEEE 69-bus system with a large number of correlated input parameters. The highlights of computational efficiency in this case study include (1) accurate probabilistic power flow analysis using surrogates constructed by only 500 training simulations for a system with more than 150 random parameters, and (2) successful surrogate-based voltage control approach which only requires 150 additional simulation samples, as opposed to the conventional perturb-and-observe voltage control which needs more than 500,000 samples.
Surveillance of Anaplasma marginale in Arkansas Beef Cattle Herds

The objective of this study was to utilize both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) tests to determine the general prevalence of A. marginale in Arkansas beef cattle within 6 different geographical regions of the state. Anaplasmosis is an economically devastating disease in cattle that is caused by the rickettsial parasite Anaplasma marginale. It is estimated that this parasite causes over $300 million in expenses for the US cattle industry annually. In Arkansas, the beef cattle industry is the fifth largest agricultural commodity in the state. As a result, a better understanding of this disease and its prevalence within the state is needed.
The Effects of Supply Networks on Firm Competitive Behavior

This study bridges strategic management and supply chain management domains by examining how firms’ structural characteristics in supply networks influence competitive dynamics. We theorize causal ...
Family functioning in pediatric heart transplantation: Variables associated with poor outcomes

Family functioning is integral in a child's life and is linked to quality of life in health as well as disease. This has been scarcely studied in pediatric orthotopic heart transplantation (pOHT). In this study, we evaluate demographic and clinical factors associated with family functioning in this patient population. Pediatric post-transplant families were recruited in an outpatient setting (n = 71). The PedsQL Family Impact Module was administered, along with the Parent and Adolescent Medication Barriers Scales (PMBS; AMBS) and the McArthur socioeconomic scale. Associations between clinical and demographic variables and scaled scores were evaluated. In our sample, patients with congenital heart disease, developmental delay, and enteral feeding had lower total impact (P = .026; P = .011; P = .008) and parent self-reported HRQL scores (P = .018; P = .012; P = .005). Patients with developmental delay and enteral feeding also had lower family functioning summary scores (P = .025; P = .031). Higher parent educational status was associated with lower total impact scores (P = .043). Higher PMBS scores demonstrated negative correlation with total impact (P < .001), parent self-reported HRQL (P < .001), and family functioning summary scores (P = .003). Multiple linear regression analysis identified developmental delay, parental education, and PMBS as independent variables associated with family functioning. Our study highlights important factors impacting family functioning in pOHT. Developmental delay, higher parental education, and PMBS were associated with poorer family functioning. Our findings emphasize the need for a multi-disciplinary approach including serial psychological assessment and interventions in the management of pOHT patients in order to optimize family functioning.
Perineal desquamation: An early sign of the Kawasaki disease phenotype of MIS-C

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a syndrome associated with coronavirus disease 2019. Various phenotypes of MIS-C have been described including Kawasaki disease (KD). Although perineal desquamation is a known early sign of KD, to our knowledge, this rash has not yet been described in the KD phenotype of MIS-C. In this article, we report two patients in whom perineal desquamation was an early clue for the KD phenotype of MIS-C.
Destroying Institutions: Abandoning the Medical Profession During a Pandemic, A Reaction from the Black Death (preprint)

Institutions have been described as essential patterns of behavior that come to support a society and be generally understood and agreed upon in their roles. They can include behaviors that individuals must participate in as in rites of passage in religion, or in the use of money or joining a military or providing labor for communal structures or means as in irrigation. When one segment of a society comes to disagree with the goals of institutions and withdraws support or actively attacks one or more, it threatens not only the existence of the institution but the society as an organization. Often in history revolutions are built on such attacks as in those of the Optimates in ancient Rome or the Bolsheviks in Russia. Today a political movement supporting President Trump has attacked institutions of justice (courts, Justice Department), security (FBI, CIA), military and the medical profession. The attack on the medical profession has been one that has a longer history, one bracketed in disbelief in science in general and has set the two institutions of religion and medicine at odds. An underfunded medical profession has faced the pandemic in a cloud of conspiracy theories that question even the purpose or need for medicine. The consequences during COVID-19 have been catastrophic by many assessments.
Taking Up Opportunities to Learn in a Computer Science Professional Development for Middle School Teachers

This paper reports on the first year of teacher PD from an ongoing project designing to integrate computational thinking in middle school mathematics classrooms. The analysis investigates how teachers' prior dispositions toward programming influenced their behaviors in the PD. Two case studies illustrate that teachers' engagement and learning were affected not just by our designs, but also by the knowledge and beliefs teachers brought with them.
Investigational New Drug Applications for Cell Therapy Products

Clinical trials being conducted in the USA that utilize cellular therapy products require review from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and at least one Institutional Review Board (IRB). Additionally, if the cellular product includes a gene transfer component, the trial will also require review by at least one Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC). Each of these entities not only requires initial review but also has requirements for ongoing review of the clinical trial including amendments, adverse events, and an annual report. Failure to obtain proper regulatory review of clinical trials can have serious consequences including loss of funding, inability to publish, and restrictions in the ability to engage in further clinical research. It is important to note that these types of trials are regulated differently throughout the world and that if a study is to be conducted outside of the USA, a thorough review of regulations governing that country will be required. This chapter reviews the process for submitting an Investigational New Drug application to the FDA.
Administration of Intercollegiate and Interscholastic Games

(1925). Administration of Intercollegiate and Interscholastic Games. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 115-118.
A potent fluorescent ATP-like inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

Abstract The fluorescent ATP analogue 8-azido-2'-O-[14C]dansyl-ATP ([ 14C]AD-ATP) was used to probe the ATP-binding site in the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AD-ATP was found to inhibit the phosphotransferase activity of C subunit with extremely high specificity. Complete inhibition was observed when each mol of C subunit was covalently labeled with 1 mol of this fluorescent ATP analogue. The labeling can be accelerated by the presence of Mg2+ or Kemptide (Leu-Arg-Arg-Ala-Ser-Leu-Gly), whereas high concentrations of ATP can almost completely protect the enzyme from AD-ATP. Detailed studies indicated that AD-ATP competes with ATP for binding to C subunit. Analysis of the kinetic data gave dissociation constants of 2.9 and 13 microM for AD-ATP and ATP bound to C subunit, respectively. AD-ATP has a fluorescence emission peak at 510 nm in pH 7.0 aqueous buffer containing 25% glycerol. After covalent binding to C subunit this emission peak shifts to 455 nm, which suggests that the label at ATP site is in an endogenous hydrophobic environment. Upon the binding of Mg2+ or Kemptide, the fluorescence of AD-ATP-labeled C subunit can be enhanced by 50 and 45%, respectively. This enhancement suggests that the binding of either the peptide substrate or Mg2+ induces conformational change at the active site of C subunit. Analysis of the fluorescence data shows that the values of Kd for Mg2+ and Kemptide bound to AD-ATP-labeled C subunit are 0.2 mM and 2.1 microM, respectively. The normal procedure for the preparation of the C subunit from the bovine heart muscle has been simplified to require only one-fifth of the usual working time to obtain the homogeneous enzyme with 70% yield from the crude extract.
Culture-Affiliation Hypothesis

The culture-affiliation hypothesis suggests that individuals who are bilingual will tend to embrace the values and beliefs of the culture associated with the language they are using at the time, and that when they switch languages, they switch the cultural values and beliefs that they embrace. Keywords: cultural identity; identity