cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behaviometrics for multiple residents in a smart environment

Smart homes and ambient intelligence show great promise in the fields of medical monitoring, energy efficiency and ubiquitous computing applications. Their ability to adapt and react to the people relying on them positions these systems to be invaluable tools for our aging populations. This work introduces and explores solutions for issues surrounding real world multiple inhabitant smart home situations. Dealing with multiple residents without requiring wireless tracking devices, while paying heed to privacy concerns, is a difficult proposition at best. The Center for Advanced Studies in Adaptive Systems research group has developed and tested a number of novel technologies to address the issues of multiple inhabitants within a smart home context using inexpensive, low profile, privacy sensitive sensors. These smart home implementations, when combined with artificial intelligence tools, are designed to provide localization, tracking, and identification through behaviometric approaches that are useful and deployable in real world situations. They have been evaluated using unscripted living spaces with multiple residents, and their capabilities explored as a means of benefiting other modeling tools, such as detecting the Activities of Daily Living. Given the complex nature and diverse needs of smart home technologies, the tools presented here are by no means definitive solutions to handling multiple resident smart environment situations. However, they do provide a strong working base for the continued development of smart environments with demonstrable benefits on real-world implementations.
Application of the Abel Integral Equation to Spectrographic Data

An improved method is proposed for applying the Abel integral equation to radiance data gathered from rotationally symmetric sources by side-on observation. The method involves dividing the data into a number of segments going out from the center. A least-squares polynomial is then fitted to each segment so that the inverted Abel integral equation can be integrated exactly to yield the emission coefficient. It is shown, with test curves approximating spectral line shapes from nonhomogeneous sources, that the method becomes superior to the other more common numerical methods of reducing such data as the number of data points becomes large. This superiority increases as the data scatter increases.
A 3D lesion model for segmentation and evaluation of interventional MRI-guided thermal ablation treatment

We are investigating imaging considerations and physiologic response to radiofrequency ablation of pathologic tissue, where the lesion is localized and monitored through realtime MR images. For this, we created a twelve parameter deformable model of lesion shape. The model is useful for lesion visualization, volume approximation, automated segmentation, and volume registration. Using digital phantoms we quantified the model's ability to estimate whole lesion shape from erroneous and partial boundary information. Among all in vivo lesions (n=10), the mean median fit errors were 0.32 mm (0.11 SD) and 0.38 mm (0.16 SD) for the inner and outer surfaces respectively.
Complex Physiology and Compound Stress Responses during Fermentation of Alkali-Pretreated Corn Stover Hydrolysate by an Escherichia coli Ethanologen

ABSTRACT The physiology of ethanologenic Escherichia coli grown anaerobically in alkali-pretreated plant hydrolysates is complex and not well studied. To gain insight into how E. coli responds to such hydrolysates, we studied an E. coli K-12 ethanologen fermenting a hydrolysate prepared from corn stover pretreated by ammonia fiber expansion. Despite the high sugar content (∼6% glucose, 3% xylose) and relatively low toxicity of this hydrolysate, E. coli ceased growth long before glucose was depleted. Nevertheless, the cells remained metabolically active and continued conversion of glucose to ethanol until all glucose was consumed. Gene expression profiling revealed complex and changing patterns of metabolic physiology and cellular stress responses during an exponential growth phase, a transition phase, and the glycolytically active stationary phase. During the exponential and transition phases, high cell maintenance and stress response costs were mitigated, in part, by free amino acids available in the hydrolysate. However, after the majority of amino acids were depleted, the cells entered stationary phase, and ATP derived from glucose fermentation was consumed entirely by the demands of cell maintenance in the hydrolysate. Comparative gene expression profiling and metabolic modeling of the ethanologen suggested that the high energetic cost of mitigating osmotic, lignotoxin, and ethanol stress collectively limits growth, sugar utilization rates, and ethanol yields in alkali-pretreated lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Improving ST-Elevation–Myocardial Infarction Care

In the past 2 decades, we have seen dramatic changes in the care of patients with ST-elevation–myocardial infarction (STEMI). Randomized, controlled trials in the early 1990s showed that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was superior to fibrinolytic therapy, and a 2003 meta-analysis of 23 clinical trials firmly established primary PCI as the preferred treatment for STEMI patients.1 However, studies also showed that the effectiveness of primary PCI decreased if there was a substantial time delay.2 A meta-regression analysis by Nallamothu et al3 showed that the comparative advantage of primary PCI over fibrinolytic therapy was lost if the added procedural and logistical complexity of primary PCI resulted in more than a 60-minute time delay in reperfusion. On the basis of this analysis, a 90-minute door-to-balloon time goal was established, and the 2004 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) STEMI guideline writers challenged caregivers by recommending that STEMI patients presenting to a facility where PCI could not be administered within 90 minutes of first contract should receive fibrinolytic therapy instead of primary PCI.4 Articles see p 423, 429, 437 The use of primary PCI steadily increased, yet a 2002 study showed that only about a third of patients who received primary PCI for STEMI had a door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes.5 Some hospitals succeeded in improving door-to-balloon times, and research by Bradley et al6,7 identified strategies that were associated with consistently better results. These strategies became the focus of D2B: An Alliance for Quality, a national campaign sponsored by the ACC and 26 other organizations, including the AHA.8 Starting in 2006, the D2B Alliance recruited more than 1000 hospitals nationwide, with a goal of achieving a door-to-balloon time of less than 90 minutes in more than 75% of …
Eyelid and Orbital Treatment Following Radical Maxillectomy

Malignant lesions of the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses often encroach upon the orbit. A series of nineteen patients who underwent partial or radical maxillectomy is presented to summarize the eyelid and orbital findings that required further treatment. Fifteen of these patients were left with an intact globe and a visually useful eye, but the defects of epiphora, eyelid malposition, dacryocystitis, and diplopia were visually threatening and required treatment. The cosmetic deformities and diplopia following maxillectomy and radiation are partially amenable to treatment with late bone grafting. Lacrimal outflow deficiencies were successfully treated with dacryocystorhinostomy. Only patients with ocular complications following maxillectomy are included in this series; therefore, the range of problems and their treatment confronting the ophthalmologist is summarized.
Comparison of Three Slip Velocity Models for a Centrifugal Impeller

The slip velocity model has been created to account for the effects produced by the difference in velocities between the suction side and the pressure side of the blade at the centrifugal impeller exit. The model is applied to reduce the ideal tangential velocity and provides an estimation of the impeller exit velocity and blade loading for use in turbomachinery meanline modeling. Wiesner reviewed all the proposed models in 1967 and came up with a set of formulations which are only dependent on the impeller geometry, such as number of blades, exit blade angle and blade inlet-to-exit radius ratio. In order to cover flow induced effects and off-design conditions, Qiu recently proposed a formula which contains the effects from the radial rotation, blade turning and passage width variation. For a centrifugal impeller, often the impeller exit condition is affected by downstream components. Pfleiderer’s model of 1961 includes effects of downstream vaned diffuser, vaneless diffuser, or a volute. This paper focuses on the comparisons of the three models in predicting blade loading for a centrifugal-fan impeller with a double-discharge volute at both design and off-design conditions. The comparisons reveal not only each model’s prediction accuracy, but also the flexibility of each model.© 2015 ASME
A Leaders' Journey from Ordinary to Extraordinary

Every business start-ups begin with a ‘Dream’- the dream to make it large - to exhibit its importance and get acknowledged in the society – to be profitable yet get appreciated by everyone in this global village. With the passage of time and gritty determination of the entrepreneur, the business graduates from baby steps and starts taking giant strides. Journey from being simply good to something very great and noteworthy is extremely difficult but definitely not impossible. Here lies the real test of any leader.
Infrared Optical Studies of Semiconductors at Large Hydrostatic Pressures

Among the various external disturbances used in the study of semiconductors, including electric and magnetic fields as well as uniaxial pressure, large hydrostatic pressures can be employed to induce dramatic changes in host lattice, dopant and defect properties. Diamond anvil cells with an appropriate pressure medium (e.g. liquid N 2 or alcohol mixtures) allow the application of pressures up to hundreds of kbar. In this pressure range the global conduction band minimum of a semiconductor can become a local minimum. GaAs for example changes near 45 kbar from a direct (Γ-band) to an indirect (X-band) semiconductor. Donors in GaAs and InP transform from their shallow, hydrogenic state to the DX configuration at hydrostatic pressures near 23 and 82 kbar, respectively. This donor configuration change has been studied using local vibrational mode (LVM) spectroscopy in the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recently we have investigated several LVM's of H-containing complexes in GaAs as a function of hydrostatic pressure at liquid He temperatures. Depending on the specific complex we find the LVM frequencies to vary either linearly, sub- or superlinearly with hydrostatic pressure. In the case of O in Si the vibrational mode changes its character from that of a harmonic oscillator to a rotor as pressure is applied. The implications of the pressure dependences of LVM's are discussed.
Can We Predict Postoperative Pain Prior to Patients’ Undergoing Surgery?

Copyright: © 2012 Carvalho B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Perioperative pain is the most common concern for patients undergoing surgery, and many patients experience unpleasant side effects related to pain medications [1,2]. Despite increased emphasis on pain management and creation of new standards for controlling postoperative pain, many patients continue to experience moderate to severe pain after surgery [2]. If we can identify preoperative factors which reliably predict patients at risk of developing severe postoperative pain, we may be able to significantly improve postoperative pain management by: 1) creating individualized rather than standardized treatment plans, 2) properly allocating resources, and 3) intervening early to improve patients’ postoperative care. Current standardized pain management protocols may lead to undertreatment of some patients and overtreatment (increased side effects from analgesics) of others, whereas individual plans specify stratified or targeted treatments. For example, practitioners could utilize larger drug doses (e.g., 200 mcg versus 100 mcg intrathecal morphine) and might add adjunct medications (e.g., ketamine, clonidine) with narrow therapeutic indexes and adverse side-effect profiles only in patients “at risk” of severe, postoperative pain.
U.S. basic research: Still number one?

In his Editorial “NIH Basics” (3 August, p. [503][1]), F. S. Collins cites several impressive research accomplishments to exemplify the outstanding benefits of support for basic research. It would be valuable to know when these research achievements occurred and what the level of basic research funding was at those times. In addition, a graph of the amount of funding for translational research compared with basic research over the past three decades would illustrate the overall and unusual shift in U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) funds. During the senior Bush presidential era, I had the privilege of testifying to a House committee on NIH and National Science Foundation funding. Former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi asked pointedly whether the United States was still number one with respect to its basic research position in the world. I answered yes. However, other nations are increasing their basic research funding. If asked the question again today, the rapid movement by NIH to translational funding might require me to change my answer. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1227820
Evaluation of the infectious diarrhea monitoring information management system in Shenzhen City

[Objective]To evaluate the operation status of the infectious diarrhea monitoring information management system in Shenzhen City,improve the monitoring quality. [Methods]Referring to the international disease surveillance system evaluation method,according to the sentinel surveillance protocol for pathogen spectrum of infectious diarrhea in Shenzhen City,the operation status of this system in 11 sentinel hospitals,6 district-level CDCs and Shenzhen CDC were investigated by field survey and questionnaire survey.[Results]A total of 40 workers who were engaged in the operation of this system were investigated,including 14( 35%) male workers and 26( 65%) female workers. 22 workers came from the disease control and prevention institutions,18 workers came from medical institutions,and there were no significant differences in sex,age and education background. In the operability,the majority of people thought that the system was easy to operate,interface was beautiful and comfortable,and language was straightforward,which could be learned quickly. 47. 5% of people considered that the login speed was not satisfactory. In the simplicity,most of workers thought that this system had little influence on the daily work,the case definition was easy to judge,the inclusion criteria of bacteria and viruses were relatively easy to judge,and the case exclusion criteria were easy to judge. 41. 0% of people considered that sample size of the system was difficult to achieve. In the timeliness,the collection and detection of samples could basically perform within 3 days after the onset,but the entry time of patients' information was uneven. In the reliability of data,the majority of people believed that the data and results were authentic,they were willing to conduct the statistical analysis using the system,and the statistical function could reach the requirements. 32. 5% of workers thought that the status of the monitoring point could not be understood very well. In the accessibility,most of workers believed that this system might be helpful to understand pathogen spectrum of infectious diarrhea,played a role in early warning of outbreak,guided the active monitoring of key areas and crowds,and provided the background data of disease surveillance for microbial risk evaluation.[Conclusion]The infectious diarrhea monitoring information management system in Shenzhen City is running well,but there are still some problems. Few monitoring targets are difficult to achieve,which need to be further improved.
A synopsis of Phyllanthus section Nothoclema (Euphorbiaceae).

Phyllanthus section Nothoclema, after revision, includes 10 species that are notable in the genus for their use as “barbascos” (fish poisons). The section is remarkable for its palynological diversity, which provides important diagnostic characters for distinguishing species. Two new species are described, both from Venezuela: P. liesneri from Falcon and Yaracuy; and P. meridensis from Merida. Although pollen material is lacking for study, both species appear related to congeners with 3-colporate pollen having a vermiculate-reticulate exine. Phyllanthus graveolens is treated as a polytypic species, including P. micrandrus as a subspecies. Two subspecies are recognized within P. brasiliensis, the species most commonly used as a fish-poison; ssp. brasiliensis throughout most of its range includes mostly sterile semidomesticated clones.
Flood-induced transport of PAHs from streambed coal tar deposits

Abstract We assessed whether coal tar present in contaminated streambed sediments can be mobilized by flood events and be re-deposited in an adjacent floodplain. The study was conducted within a contaminated urban stream where coal tar wastes were released into a 4-km reach from a coke plant in Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA. Sediments containing visible amounts of coal tar were dredged from the streambed in 1997–98 and 2007 as part of a cleanup effort. However, post-dredging sampling indicated that very high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remained in streambed sediments. Sampling of sediments in the floodplain at two sites downstream of the coke plant indicated that high concentrations of PAHs were also present in the floodplain, even though no coal tar was observed in the samples. Age-dating of the floodplain sediments using 137 Cs indicated that peak PAH concentrations were contemporary with coke plant operations. While there was little or any direct contamination of the floodplain sediments by coal tar, sediment contamination was likely a result of deposition of suspended streambed sediments containing sorbed PAHs. A flood model developed to delineate the extent of flooding in various flood recurrence scenarios confirmed the potential for contaminated streambed sediments to be transported into the adjacent floodplain. It was hypothesized that coal tar, which was visibly “sticky” during dredging-based stream cleanup, may act as a binding agent for streambed sediments, decreasing mobility and transport in the stream. Therefore, coal tar is likely to remain a persistent contaminant source for downstream reaches of the stream and the adjacent floodplain during flood events. This study also showed that even after excavation of tar-rich streambed sediments, PAH contaminated non-tarry sediments may be a source of flood-related contamination in the adjacent flood plain. A conceptual framework was developed to delineate specific mechanisms that can mobilize contamination from stream sources.
Sensitivity study for the PMV thermal comfort model and the use of wearable devices biometric data for metabolic rate estimation

Abstract This paper studies the sensitivity of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) thermal comfort model relative to its environmental and personal parameters of a group of people in a space. PMV model equations, adapted in ASHRAE Standard 55–Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, are used in this investigation to conduct parametric study by generating and analyzing multi-dimensional comfort zone plots. It is found that personal parameters such as metabolic rate and clothing have the highest impact. However, as these parameters are difficult to estimate or measure, they are usually assumed to be default values (rest conditions and light clothing). In this work, we show the application of the human-in-the-loop sensor data of wearable devices to provide a continuous feedback for the averaged metabolism value of building occupants to be used in the PMV calculation. Moreover, we motivate the use of these sensor data to develop a new personalized comfort model.
Tumor Cell Thrombin/PAR-1 Signaling Drives Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth and Dissemination

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for ~85% of diagnosed pancreatic cancers and is among the most lethal malignancies. The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer patients has improved only marginally in the last 40 years (3% → 7%), with effectively no change in survival profile for patients with metastatic disease (2%). High mortality is linked to the aggressive and invasive nature of the malignancy and poor efficacy of limited treatment options, which collectively highlight the need for novel treatment strategies. Notably, analyses of pancreatic cancer in patients and animal models have demonstrated that PDAC is associated with robust coagulation system activity. Previous work has shown that patient PDAC tumor cells often express high levels of tissue factor (TF) and protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1. To determine the potential contribution of tumor cell derived-TF and PAR-1 to PDAC growth and metastasis, a novel tumor cell line (termed KPC2) was derived from mice in which PDAC tumorigenesis was induced by activation of two established pancreatic cancer alleles, KrasG12D and Trp53R172H. In transplant studies, tumor growth and experimental metastasis were evaluated using KPC2 cells in which TF or PAR-1 expression was suppressed by shRNA knockdown. In addition, the interplay of tumor-derived TF and PAR-1 with host factors in promoting tumor growth and experimental metastasis were evaluated in mice with genetically imposed deficits in coagulation system components. TF knockdown (to ~10% of the parental line) in KPC2 cells resulted in a significant diminution of both primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis. This reduction appeared to be linked to thrombin activity as primary tumor growth and experimental metastasis of parental KPC2 cells were significantly reduced in fIIlow mice (which constitutively express 10% of normal prothrombin) relative to wild-type mice. PAR-1 knockout mice displayed similar KPC2 growth and experimental metastasis to wild-type animals indicating that stromal cell-derived PAR-1 was not significant determinant. In stark contrast, shRNA-mediated knockdown of PAR-1 in KPC2 (to ~10% of the parental line) cells resulted in significantly diminished tumor growth and experimental metastasis. Diminished tumor growth was linked to reduced expression of the macrophage chemokine MCP-1 and the metalloproteinase MMP9 by the tumor cells as well as reduced thrombin-stimulated ERK phosphorylation. Our results suggest that a major mechanism of PDAC growth and dissemination is through TF/thrombin-driven PAR-1 signaling on tumor cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Wildlife species preferences differ among children in continental and island locations

Efforts to prioritize wildlife for conservation benefit from an understanding of public preferences for particular species, yet no studies have integrated species preferences with key attributes of the conservation landscape such as whether species occur on islands (where invasive exotics are the primary extinction threat) or continents (where land use change is the primary extinction threat). In this paper, we compare wildlife species preferences among children from a continental location (North Carolina, USA, n = 433) and an island location (Andros Island, The Bahamas, n = 197). Children on the island preferred feral domesticated species and different types of taxa than mainland children, perhaps due to the strongly divergent species richness between the regions (e.g. island children showed greater preferences for invertebrates, lizards and aquatic species). Boys preferred fish, birds and lizards more than girls, whereas girls preferred mammals. The fact that island children showed strong preferences for invasive species suggests challenges for conservation efforts on islands, where controlling invasive exotic species is often of paramount importance, but can conflict with cultural preferences for these same species.
Renal Ischemia and Functional Outcomes Following Partial Nephrectomy

Renal function after renal cancer surgery is a critical component of survivorship. Quantity and quality of preserved parenchyma are the most important determinants of functional recovery; type and duration of ischemia play secondary roles. Several studies evaluated surgical techniques to minimize ischemia; however, long-term outcomes and potential benefits over clamped partial nephrectomy (PN) have not been consistently demonstrated. Analysis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after PN suggest that most kidneys recover strongly even if AKI is experienced after surgery. Ongoing study is required to evaluate long-term implications of AKI after PN and further assess impact of ischemia on functional outcomes.
Rossby wave extra invariant in the Galerkin approximation

Abstract The non-linear system of Rossby waves or plasma drift waves is known to have a unique adiabatic-like extra invariant in addition to the energy and enstrophy. This invariant is physically significant because its presence implies the generation of zonal flow. The latter is known to slow down the anomalous transport of temperature and particles in nuclear fusion with magnetic confinement. However, the derivation of the extra invariant — unlike the energy and enstrophy — is based on the continuum of resonances, while in numerical simulations there are only finite number of resonances. We show that precisely the same invariant takes place in the Galerkin approximations (even of low order, with a few ODEs). To show this we make variation of boundary conditions, when the solution is periodic in different directions. We also simplify the derivation of the extra conservation.
Hetero-multivalent binding of cholera toxin subunit B with glycolipid mixtures

GM1 has generally been considered as the major receptor that binds to cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) due to its low dissociation constant. However, using a unique nanocube sensor technology, we have shown that CTB can also bind to other glycolipid receptors, fucosyl-GM1 and GD1b. Additionally, we have demonstrated that GM2 can contribute to CTB binding if present in a glycolipid mixture with a strongly binding receptor (GM1/fucosyl-GM1/GD1b). This hetero-multivalent binding result was unintuitive because the interaction between CTB and pure GM2 is negligible. We hypothesized that the reduced dimensionality of CTB-GM2 binding events is a major cause of the observed CTB binding enhancement. Once CTB has attached to a strong receptor, subsequent binding events are confined to a 2D membrane surface. Therefore, even a weak GM2 receptor could now participate in second or higher binding events because its surface reaction rate can be up to 104 times higher than the bulk reaction rate. To test this hypothesis, we altered the surface reaction rate by modulating the fluidity and heterogeneity of the model membrane. Decreasing membrane fluidity reduced the binding cooperativity between GM2 and a strong receptor. Our findings indicated a new protein-receptor binding assay, that can mimic complex cell membrane environment more accurately, is required to explore the inherent hetero-multivalency of the cell membrane. We have thus developed a new membrane perturbation protocol to efficiently screen receptor candidates involved in hetero-multivalent protein binding.
Using Visual Information in Functional Stabilization: Pole-Balancing Example

Some of the common tasks that confront us in our day-to-day living involve stabilizing unstable situations. Typical examples are maintaining posture (Jeka & Lackner, 1995), or trying to stand still or preventing falls when walking. Coordinating articulator movements, if the required coordination pattern is not in our repertoire of stable movement activities, can also be considered as a stabilization problem (Zanone & Kelso, 1992). And of course, there is the problem continuously balancing an object that will not balance on its own. The last problem has traditionally been addressed with considerable success within the domain of physical control theory (e.g., see Kwakernaak & Sivan, 1972). Our focus is on human pole balancing and the relevant information involved accomplishing the task.
Acculturation and chronic kidney disease in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Abstract Hispanics/Latinos are burdened by chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of acculturation in this population has not been explored. We studied the association of acculturation with CKD and cardiovascular risk factor control. We performed cross-sectional analyses of 13,164 U.S. Hispanics/Latinos enrolled in the HCHS/SOL Study between 2008 and 2011. Acculturation was measured using the language and ethnic social relations subscales of the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics, and proxies of acculturation (language preference, place of birth and duration of residence in U.S.). CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Back to Living: Long-term Functional Status of Pediatric Patients Who Completed Intensive Interdisciplinary Pain Treatment.

OBJECTIVES To provide a descriptive account of long-term functioning (≥5 y posttreatment) among youth who completed intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) for pediatric chronic pain conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 95 patients (mean age at follow-up=20.0 y) treated at least 5 years previously at a single IIPT program completed questionnaires assessing pain, functional disability, health care utilization, academic/career achievement, and quality of life. Data analyses focused on pain, functioning, and progress toward developmental goals at long-term follow-up. RESULTS The majority of respondents report significant reduction in pain compared with preadmission (P<0.001). Five years posttreatment, average functional disability scores were in the minimal range, with statistically significant decrease in functional disability from time of admission (P<0.001). Nearly 80% of respondents characterized themselves as having no functional difficulties at follow-up. Clinically significant improvement was established for both pain and function. Respondents generally reported developmentally appropriate status, with 89% graduating high school on schedule. DISCUSSION Results show long-term positive functioning among individuals who underwent intensive rehabilitation treatment for chronic pain as children or adolescents. Despite experiencing one or more pain flares at some point after treatment, most former IIPT patients report minimal to no ongoing functional disability, complete or partial resolution of pain symptoms, and developmentally appropriate progress toward goals (eg, school completion, independent living).
Chaperone Activity and Dimerization Properties of Hsp90α and Hsp90β in Glucocorticoid Receptor Activation by the Multiprotein Hsp90/Hsp70-Dependent Chaperone Machinery

Several hundred proteins cycle into heterocomplexes with a dimer of the chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), regulating their activity and turnover. There are two isoforms of Hsp90, Hsp90α and Hsp90β, and their relative chaperone activities and composition in these client protein•Hsp90 heterocomplexes has not been determined. Here, we examined the activity of human Hsp90α and Hsp90β in a purified five-protein chaperone machinery that assembles glucocorticoid receptor (GR)•Hsp90 heterocomplexes to generate high-affinity steroid-binding activity. We found that human Hsp90α and Hsp90β have equivalent chaperone activities, and when mixed together in this assay, they formed only GR•Hsp90αα and GR•Hsp90ββ homodimers and no GR•Hsp90αβ heterodimers. In contrast, GR•Hsp90 heterocomplexes formed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells also contain GR•Hsp90αβ heterodimers. The formation of GR•Hsp90αβ heterodimers in HEK cells probably reflects the longer time permitted for exchange to form Hsp90αβ heterodimers in the cell versus in the cell-free assembly conditions. This purified GR-activating chaperone machinery can be used to determine how modifications of Hsp90 affect its chaperone activity. To that effect, we have tested whether the unique phosphorylation of Hsp90α at threonines 5 and 7 that occurs during DNA damage repair affects its chaperone activity. We showed that the phosphomimetic mutant Hsp90α T5/7D has the same intrinsic chaperone activity as wild-type human Hsp90α in activation of GR steroid-binding activity by the five-protein machinery, supporting the conclusion that T5/7 phosphorylation does not affect Hsp90α chaperone activity.
Role of Soil Properties in Phytoaccumulation of Uranium

Thirty four plant species were screened for uranium (U) accumulation from U contaminated soil. There was a significant difference in U accumulation among plant species. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) accumulated more U than other plant species. Sunflower and Indian mustard were selected as potential U accumulators for further study in one U mine tailing soil and eight cultivated soils (pH range4.7 to 8.1) contaminated with different rates (100 to 600 mg U(VI) kg-1) of uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)2⋅6H2O). Uranium fractions of contaminated soils [(exchangeable, carbonate, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), organic, and residual)] were determined periodically over an 8-week incubation period. Uranium accumulated mainly in the roots of plant species. The highest concentration of U was 102 mg U kg-1 in plant shoots and 6200 mg U kg-1 in plant roots. Plant performance was affected by U contamination rates, especially in calcareous soils. Plants grown in soils with high carbonate-U fractions accumulated the most U in shoot sand roots. The lowest plant U occurred in clayey acid soils with high Fe, Mn and organic U-fractions. The effectiveness of U remediation of soils by plants was strongly influenced by soil type. Soil properties determined the tolerance and accumulation of U in plants.
Industrial Ocean Dumping in EPA Region II — Regulatory Aspects

The Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (PL 92–532) mandates that the Environmental Protection Agency “prevent or strictly regulate” the disposal, via vessel, of waste materials into the ocean.
Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a brief alcohol intervention for suicidal adolescents in inpatient psychiatric treatment.

Abstract Alcohol use, both short-term intoxication and longer-term use, is a notable risk factor for suicide. Despite the strong relationship between alcohol use and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, providers typically treat these two problems independently. In particular, acute psychiatric care hospitalizations for adolescents are typically brief, and many only cursorily address alcohol use. Integrating a brief motivational enhancement intervention for alcohol use into an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization treatment protocol has the potential to enhance motivation to stop or reduce drinking if adolescents can more fully understand how it increases risk for suicidal behavior. This study tested the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the Alcohol and Suicide Intervention for Suicidal Teens (ASIST), a brief motivational enhancement intervention targeting alcohol use and suicidal thoughts and behaviors for suicidal adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Results from a randomized pilot trial of ASIST (N = 50) revealed that the intervention was both feasible and acceptable, with 92% of those in the ASIST condition reporting that the intervention helped them to understand how their alcohol use is related to their suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Study findings suggest a larger randomized controlled trial may be warranted to test the effectiveness of ASIST with psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents.
Mathematical-Musical Relationships: A Bibliography.

SINCE the time Pythagoras reputedly discovered a relationship between the length of a vibrating string and the musical harmonic series, scholars have known a connection between mathe matics and music. Through the course of history, the alliance has been recognized in varying degrees as musicians either looked toward a more scientific view of art or zealously guarded their domain as a field based on intuition and inspira tion. The history of mathematics abounds with accounts of mathematicians who
CaCoxZr1−xO3−δ Perovskites as Oxygen-Selective Sorbents for Air Separation

ABO3-δ perovskites are ideal for high-temperature thermochemical air separation for oxygen production because their oxygen nonstoichiometry δ can be varied in response to changes in temperature and oxygen partial pressure [ p O 2 ]. Herein, the outstanding oxygen-sorption performance of CaCox Zr1-x O3-δ perovskites and their potential application as oxygen-selective sorbents for air separation is reported. In situ thermal X-ray diffraction was used to study the materials' structural changes in response to temperature variations in air and inert atmosphere. Temperature-programmed reduction was employed to elucidate the relationship between perovskite composition and redox property. O2 sorption performance was evaluated by isothermal analyses at various temperature and p O 2 along with long-term absorption-desorption cycle tests. The high oxygen-sorption capacity was mainly attributed to Co at B-site, whereas partial substitution of Co by Zr enhanced the structural crystallinity and thermal stability of the perovskite. A stable oxygen production of 2.87 wt % was observed at 900 °C during 5 min-sorption cycles for 100 cycles.
Quantification of displacement and particle crushing around a penetrometer tip

Abstract Particle crushing occurs near the tip of a penetrometer and influences the development of the tip resistance. To study particle crushing near a penetrometer tip, a cone penetrometer was monotonically jacked and then load-tested in medium dense and dense silica sand samples prepared in a half-cylindrical calibration chamber with viewing windows. During the tests, images of the advancing penetrometer and the surrounding soil were taken using digital cameras and analyzed to obtain the displacement and strain fields around the penetrometer using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. Subsequently, soil samples were collected near the tip of the penetrometer using a novel agar-impregnation technique and digitized using an X-ray microscope. The digitized samples were analyzed to reconstruct the three-dimensional models of individual particles, generating the gradation and relative breakage parameters of the sand around the cone penetrometer.
A Social Identity Approach to Engaging Christians in the Issue of Climate Change

Using two nationally representative surveys (total N = 2,544) and two experiments (total N = 1,620), we investigate a social identity approach to engaging Christians in the issue of climate change....
In Situ Measurements of Compressional Wave Speed During Gravity Coring Operations in the New England Mud Patch

This paper presents measurements of sediment sound-speed profiles measured in situ using the acoustic coring system (ACS). The reported measurements were obtained from seven gravity cores collected in the New England Mud Patch. The ACS uses two sets of transducers mounted below the penetrating tip of a sediment corer to make in situ measurements of geoacoustic properties as the corer penetrates the seabed. The in situ sound-speed profiles are interpreted in the context of stratigraphic layering measured by a seismic survey, and the measured sound-speed profiles are consistent with the geophysical description. The in situ sound-speed profiles measured by the ACS were compared to conventional measurements of sound speed on the recovered cores using the multisensor core logger (MSCL). The MSCL data displayed both random and systematic errors that were attributed to disturbance from the coring process and/or the handling of the sediments after collection. Finally, using porosity and grain size distributions measured from discrete samples of the cored sediments, the in situ sound-speed measurements were compared to empirical regressions based on independent data sets.
Epitranscriptomic systems regulate the translation of reactive oxygen species detoxifying and disease linked selenoproteins

Here we highlight the role of epitranscriptomic systems in post-transcriptional regulation, with a specific focus on RNA modifying writers required for the incorporation of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine during translation, and the pathologies linked to epitranscriptomic and selenoprotein defects. Epitranscriptomic marks in the form of enzyme-catalyzed modifications to RNA have been shown to be important signals regulating translation, with defects linked to altered development, intellectual impairment, and cancer. Modifications to rRNA, mRNA and tRNA can affect their structure and function, while the levels of these dynamic tRNA-specific epitranscriptomic marks are stress-regulated to control translation. The tRNA for selenocysteine contains five distinct epitranscriptomic marks and the ALKBH8 writer for the wobble uridine (U) has been shown to be vital for the translation of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) family of selenoproteins. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying selenocysteine containing proteins are a prime examples of how specialized translation can be regulated by specific tRNA modifications working in conjunction with distinct codon usage patterns, RNA binding proteins and specific 3' untranslated region (UTR) signals. We highlight the important role of selenoproteins in detoxifying ROS and provide details on how epitranscriptomic marks and selenoproteins can play key roles in and maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing disease.
Using Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data to Create Change: A Guide for 21st-Century School Nurses:

To meet the diverse and complex needs of school-age children, school nurses must practice student-centered, evidence-based, and quality care. As school nurses look to increase the use of data within their practice, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) is an essential source of information about adolescent behaviors that contribute to leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Results from the YRBS are available at the national, state and, in some cases, school district and county level. In addition to providing an overview of the YRBS survey, this article will guide readers on how to implement the survey, access results, and apply the findings within their student population. The use of these data aids nurses who act as leaders within the school community.
MetaStrider: Architectures for Scalable Memory-centric Reduction of Sparse Data Streams

Reduction is an operation performed on the values of two or more key-value pairs that share the same key. Reduction of sparse data streams finds application in a wide variety of domains such as data and graph analytics, cybersecurity, machine learning, and HPC applications. However, these applications exhibit low locality of reference, rendering traditional architectures and data representations inefficient. This article presents MetaStrider, a significant algorithmic and architectural enhancement to the state-of-the-art, SuperStrider. Furthermore, these enhancements enable a variety of parallel, memory-centric architectures that we propose, resulting in demonstrated performance that scales near-linearly with available memory-level parallelism.
Transferring Racial/Ethnic Marketing Strategies From Tobacco to Food Corporations: Philip Morris and Kraft General Foods

Objectives. To investigate the transfer of marketing knowledge and infrastructure for targeting racial/ethnic minorities from the tobacco to the food and beverage industry in the United States.Methods. We analyzed internal industry documents between April 2018 and April 2019 from the University of California San Francisco Truth Tobacco Industry Documents Library, triangulated with other sources.Results. In the 1980s, Philip Morris Companies purchased General Foods and Kraft Foods and created Kraft General Foods. Through centralized marketing initiatives, Philip Morris Companies directly transferred expertise, personnel, and resources from its tobacco to its food subsidiaries, creating a racial/ethnic minority-targeted food and beverage marketing program modeled on its successful cigarette program. When Philip Morris Companies sold Kraft General Foods in 2007, Kraft General Foods had a "fully integrated" minority marketing program that combined target marketing with racial/ethnic events promotion, racial/ethnic media outreach, and corporate donations to racial/ethnic leadership groups, making it a food industry leader.Conclusions. The tobacco industry directly transferred racial/ethnic minority marketing knowledge and infrastructure to food and beverage companies. Given the substantial growth of food and beverage corporations, their targeting of vulnerable populations, and obesity-related disparities, public policy and community action is needed to address corporate target marketing.
An optimized yarn-level geometric model for Finite Element Analysis of weft-knitted fabrics

Abstract Knitted fabrics are widely used in clothing because of their distinctive ability to be shaped and formed, which is fundamentally different from the behavior of woven cloth. Since stitches produce complex interactions between yarns, the macroscopic behavior of knitted fabrics depends more on their loop structure and stitch patterns than on the physical properties of the yarn. In order to explore the unique mechanical properties of knitted textiles we have developed a yarn-level model for weft-knitted fabrics that can be used in Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. Producing geometric models of yarns in a knitted material is framed as an optimization problem. In this computing context, a single “cost” function is defined that captures the various required features of the final geometric model. The function is specified in such a way that finding the variable values that results in a minimum function evaluation produces the desired geometric result. The centerlines of the fabric's yarns are defined as Catmull-Rom splines, and the cost function is minimized by adjusting the locations of the spline's control points. The optimization is based on physical parameters such as yarn interpenetration, length of the yarn and bending energy. The optimized models are written to a file which can be directly read by an FEA software. The results show that our approach can create yarn-level models of weft-knitted fabrics consisting of an arbitrary pattern of knit and purl stitches, with a range of sizes, that are suitable for FEA simulations.
Shark conservation risks associated with the use of shark liver oil in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic may create new demand for wildlife-generated products for human health, including a shark-derived ingredient used in some vaccines. Adjuvants are a vaccine component that increases efficacy, and some adjuvants contain squalene, a natural compound derived from shark liver oil which is found most abundantly in deep-sea sharks. In recent decades, there has been growing conservation concern associated with the sustainability of many shark fisheries. The need for a potentially massive number of adjuvant-containing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may increase global demand for shark-derived squalene, with possible consequences for shark conservation, especially of vulnerable and understudied deep-sea species. A shift to non-animal-derived sources of squalene, which are similar in cost and identical in effectiveness, or an emphasis on increasing traceability and sustainability of shark-derived squalene from existing well-managed fisheries, could better support conservation and public health goals.