cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ureteroarterial Fistula Treatment With Open Surgery Versus Endovascular Management: Long-Term Outcomes

Purpose: Ureteroarterial fistulas can be treated with open vascular or percutaneous arterial stent placement. We compared the long-term outcomes of each treatment.Materials and Methods: A single center, retrospective review of ureteroarterial fistulas (1996 to 2008) was performed.Results: We identified 20 ureteroarterial fistulas in 19 patients. All patients had undergone extirpative surgery with pelvic radiation in 74% and long-term ureteral stents in 84%. At a mean followup of 15.5 months (range 1 to 99) survival was 53%. Of the 70% (14 of 20) treated with percutaneous endovascular iliac artery stenting or embolization, 2 patients later required open vascular graft and 12 were treated with long-term ureteral stenting. Of the 30% (6 of 20) of patients treated with open surgical repair or bypass 2 required bypass revision and/or thrombectomy, and 4 had concomitant ureteral ligation or nephrectomy. Despite undergoing anticoagulation 10 patients (53%) experienced lower extremity morbidity including ulcerati...
A Gibbs sampling algorithm for motif discovery using a linear mixed model

The identification of motifs in the gene promoters is a critical step in the delineation of the genetic regulatory framework of an organism. In this paper, a new linear mixed model is introduced. This model is a combination of the conventional Position Weight Matrix (PWM) model and a novel Mutual Information (MI) model. PWM can contain individual position frequencies whereas MI can reflect pair wise relation between positions. A training stage is carried out to determine the weight of each model. After that this trained model is embedded into a Gibbs sampling algorithm for motif discovery. After analyzing a set of DNA sequences using this program, putative motifs are gained and compared with experimental verified motifs as well as other popular motif finding software. Results show that this new mixed model can improve motif discovery accuracy to some extent.
Circuit-wise buffer insertion and gate sizing algorithm with scalability

Most existing buffer insertion algorithms, such as van Ginneken's algorithm, consider individual nets and therefore often result in high buffer cost due to lack a global view. Thus, circuit-wise buffering is necessary to reduce buffer cost. Recently, some circuit-wise buffering algorithms are proposed. However, these algorithms are based on heuristics which are not scalable in handling large circuits. In this paper, we present a scalable circuit-wise algorithm with three novel features. (1) A linear modeling of nonlinear delay versus cost tradeoff. Due to the similar nature of buffer insertion and gate sizing, gate sizing is handled in such a manner. (2) A dynamic critical sink selection procedure to solve multiple-sink net. Multiple-sink nets have been problems for previous circuit-wise buffering algorithms. (3) A circuit partition technique to divide the circuit into sub-circuits and apply divide-and-conquer scheme. This technique provides high scalability for the algorithm. Experiments on ISCAS85 circuits show that the new algorithm achieves 17X speedup compared with Sze's path based algorithm. In the meantime, it saves 16.0% buffer cost and 4.9% gate cost without increasing circuit delay. Furthermore, the running time of a testcase in ITC99 with approximate one hundred thousand gates is less than 11 minutes, which demonstrates the scalability of the new algorithm.
Effects of Degree of Deformation and Deformation Temperature on Primary Recrystallization Textures in Polycrystalline Nickel

The effects of both deformation temperature and degree of deformation on the deformation texture, recrystallization behavior, and recrystallization texture were studied for cold-rolled, high-purity, polycrystalline nickel. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine both the stored energy of deformation and the recrystallization temperature, and electron backscatter patterns were employed to reveal both the deformation and recrystallization textures of nickel rolled to either 90 pct thickness reduction at −196 °C, 25 °C, and 200 °C or rolled to 90, 95, and 98 pct thickness reductions at 25 °C. The results show that decreasing the rolling temperature below room temperature increased the stored energy considerably and decreased the recrystallization temperature, whereas increasing the rolling temperature had no effect on either the stored energy or the recrystallization temperature. These different rolling temperatures had little effect on the cube texture produced by primary recrystallization. In contrast, increasing the rolling reduction increased the stored energy (at least from 90 to 95 pct), decreased the primary recrystallization temperature, and also sharpened the primary-recrystallized cube texture.
The Experimental Production of Intercoronary Arterial Anastomoses and their Functional Significance

Animal experiments were done to learn the degree of coronary narrowing required to produce the larger intercoronary collateral channels, their speed of development, and the degree of protection afforded the myocardium. Twelve or more days of 75 per cent narrowing were required to produce sufficiently rich anastomotic communications to protect the myocardium from damage, and to permit survival after superimposed acute complete occlusion. The physiologic and pathologic significance of the intercoronary collateral communications and the clinical implications in coronary artery disease are discussed.
Evolving Treatment Patterns for Type B Aortic Dissection: Sicker Patients, Better Results

for CMI were 1.8/2.0/2.1% for OR, 7.1/9.5/9.8% for repeat PTA/S, and 6.6/7.8/8.4% for readmission without repair. During the index admission, mortality after OR was higher than PTA/S for both AMI (35% vs 19%; P < .001) and CMI (10% vs 2%; P < .001). Three deaths occurred during a revisit: two after OR, one after PTA/S; all three for CMI. When revisits were excluded, the rise in PTA/S procedures persisted for CMI (Fig). Conclusions: Revisits after mesenteric revascularization are most frequent after PTA/S for CMI. After excluding reinterventions, numbers of PTA/S are still increasing, so the rise in PTA/S is attributable mostly to treatment of new patients. PTA/S is increasingly being performed in the outpatient setting.
Semi-Implicit Numerical Methods for Treating the Time-Transient Gas-Lubrication Equation

Abstract : The report presents a numerical method for treating the time transient Reynolds equation which has the numerical stability properties of implicit schemes and the speed of execution of explicit method. These advantages make this method quite suitable for both steady-state and transient calculations. (Author)
Nonlinear analysis of the surface tension driven breakup of viscoelastic filaments

Abstract The surface tension driven breakup of viscoelastic filaments into droplets is qualitatively different from that of Newtonian liquid filaments. Disturbances on filaments of dilute polymer solutions often grow to a configuration consisting of nascent droplets connected by a thin ligament; the breakup time for this configuration is much longer than that predicted by extensions of Rayleigh's linear stability theory. We present here a nonlinear analysis of surface tension driven breakup of viscoelastic filaments using two complementary approaches that given equivalent results: a transient finite element solution and a one-dimensional thin filament approximation. We show that significant nonlinear effects lead to the experimentally-observed nascent droplet-ligament configuration, and we predict the entire evolution of the filament profile. Agreement with available experimental data for profile evolution and breakup of jets of Newtonian fluids and dilute polymer solutions is excellent.
Specifications for image stabilization systems

Motion of the image presented to an electro-optical imaging system blurs the incoming energy and degrades the system's ability to detect or recognize distant targets. The motion that occurs during a sensor integration period or frame generally produces the most significant effect, although, frame-to-frame motion can also be important depending on the application and the image processing involved. Thus, line-of-sight stabilization specifications that limit only the amplitude of image motion without regard for frequency may be conservative and over- constrain the design in some cases. This paper addresses the effects of image motion on the performance of electro-optical imaging systems and investigates alternate methods of specifying the allowable image motion for the stabilization system. Specifically, the effects of both the spatial and temporal frequency content of the motion spectrum on the system MTF (modulation transfer function) and on the system's ability to recognize and detect distant targets are discussed. Types of image stabilization specifications considered include RMS jitter amplitude, maximum allowable motion amplitude during an integration interval, allowable MTF degradation and allowable motion versus temporal frequency. These are then compared according to whether or not they can be readily measured, whether they can be easily understood and converted to meaningful design parameters, and whether they inadvertently over-constrain or under-constrain the design.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of carbon tetrachloride and chlorinated esters to various olefins catalyzed by Cp′Ru(PPh3)(PR3)Cl complexes

Abstract Cp∗Ru(PPh3)(PR3)Cl complexes, where PR3 = PMe3, PPh3, or PTA (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), were used to catalyze the atom transfer radical addition of chlorinated esters (CCl3CO2Et, CH2ClCO2Et) to styrene, and that of CCl4 to a variety of olefins. The monoadducts were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. Moreover, high selectivities were obtained for the addition of CCl4 to internal olefins. The activity of Cp∗Ru(PTA)(PPh3)Cl and Cp∗Ru(PTA)(PMe3)Cl were comparable to that of the highly efficient ATRA catalyst, Cp∗Ru(PPh3)2Cl. The addition of CCl3CO2Et to styrene catalyzed by Cp′Ru(PPh3)(PR3)Cl (Cp′ = Dp, Ind, Cp, Tp) are also reported here. Two new compounds, 3-chloro-3-phenyl-2-(trichloromethyl)-1-phenylpropan-1-one and 1,3,3,3-tetrachloro-1,2-diphenylpropane, resulting from the addition of CCl4 to chalcone and cis-stilbene have been isolated and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.
Older adults and web usability: is web experience the same as web expertise?

Level of Web experience is often a factor for which researchers attempt to control while conducting experimental studies on Web usability. It is typically measured by some means of self-assessment that often includes questions regarding long-term usage, frequency of use, and the types of activities performed while using the Web. A common assumption is that Web experience is the same as Web expertise (high experience = high expertise). In our research studies primarily focused on Web usability and older adults, we found that even when Web experience is controlled, older adults still demonstrated less Web expertise than younger adults. Our research has supported the hypothesis that Web expertise is significantly influenced by how users learned the Web - or their cumulative time spent in collaborative learning environments (learning from and with others) - rather than just how long or how often they have used it. Preliminary results in our labs demonstrate a positive correlation between opportunities for collaborative learning and Web expertise, as well as a negative correlation between opportunities for collaborative learning and age. These results support the need to reassess how best to measure Web expertise and how we might improve Web interaction for older adults.
The 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase mRNA Contains a Functional Selenocysteine Insertion Sequence Element

Type 2 deiodinase (D2) catalyzes the 5′-deiodination of thyroxine to form 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine. Two mammalian D2 cDNAs have been identified containing 2 kilobases (kb) of the 7-kb mRNA including the complete coding sequence. Both contain in-frame TGA codons, which should serve as selenocysteine codons. However, the selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) elements required for the decoding of UGA as a selenocysteine in the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA are not present. We have identified two overlapping expressed sequence tag clones, which contain the missing 4.4-kb 3′-UTR of the human D2 (hD2) cDNA. Computer analysis predicts a stem loop structure 280 base pairs 5′ to the polyadenylation site, which has potent SECIS activity. A fragment containing these sequences hybridizes to D2 mRNA in human thyroid. A G to A mutation in the essential AUGA motif of this element abolished its function. Transfection of the hD2 coding region plus the 3′-UTR results in the expression of D2, and its in vitrotranscribed mRNA programs D2 activity in Xenopusoocytes. This is the first identification of a SECIS element in a mammalian D2 cDNA and establishes that hD2 is a bona fide selenoprotein.
Targeted inhibition of VEGF receptor 2: an update on ramucirumab

Introduction: Ramucirumab (IMC-1121B) is a fully humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, targeting the extracellular domain of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Numerous Phase I – II trials in various malignancies have shown promising clinical antitumor efficacy and tolerability. Most recently, the large Phase III REGARD trial evaluated ramucirumab in patients with refractory metastatic gastric cancer. Patients receiving ramucirumab experienced a median overall survival of 5.2 months compared to 3.8 months on placebo. Areas covered: The purpose of this article is to review the preclinical motivation for VEGFR2-targeted therapies and survey recent data from clinical trials involving ramucirumab, as well as highlight ongoing studies. Expert opinion: Rational multi-target approaches to angiogenesis are needed to overcome resistance mechanisms. Predictive angiogenic biomarkers are also needed to optimize patient selection for novel anti-angiogenic agents.
Regularity and asymptotic behavior of two immiscible fluids in a one-dimensional porous medium

here T > 0, 1 > s o > 0, a > 0 and b > 0 are given constants, a =/= b, fl(t) , f~(t) and Uo(X) are given functions, and the unknowns are u(x, t) and s(t). (The superscripts qand denote, respectively, the right and left hand limits with respect to the spatial variable x.) These equations form a simplified model of the one-dimensional flow within a porous medium of two slightly compressible, immiscible fluids. In this situation x = s(t) is the point of contact between the liquids at each time t >~ O, u(x, t) denotes the pressure, and --au~ (resp. --bu~) is the velocity to the left (resp. right) of the interface. Equation (1.6) is the
Effect of temperature on the radiation resistance of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica.

Abstract Yersinia enterocolitica, a food-borne pathogen, can be eliminated from meat using ionizing radiation. Commercial facilities may irradiate meat at refrigeration or frozen temperature, or packed in dry ice if the facility does not have refrigeration capabilities. The effect of temperature on the radiation resistance of Y. enterocolitica that contained the 70 kb large virulence plasmid was determined. A mixture of four Y. enterocolitica strains was inoculated into ground pork, which was then vacuum-packed, equilibrated to refrigeration or sub-freezing temperatures, and irradiated to doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kGy. The D10 value, the radiation dose required to reduce the number of viable Y. enterocolitica by 90%, increased as product temperature decreased with values of 0.19, 0.19, 0.21, 0.40, 0.40. 0.38, and 0.55 kGy being obtained at +5, 0, −5, −10. −15, −20 and −76 °C, respectively. Meat product temperature should be considered when selecting a radiation dose required for elimination of Y. enterocolitica.
Use of thin semiconductor position sensitive detectors in magnetic spectrographs

Abstract Thin position sensitive silicon surface-barrier detectors in a magnetic-spectrograph have been found to yield good position resolution and a high degree of discrimination between various particles.
Digital processing of marine seismic data

The enormous amount of marine seismic data makes it necessary to process the data with a high speed digital computer. This paper is concerned with the application of digital signal processing techniques to the marine seismic data. The objectives of the study are two-fold: (1) to improve the data, i.e. to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the data and (2) to reconstruct the seismic profile from the digitally filtered data for a better interpretation of the ocean bottom and the subbottom structure. Cepstrum analysis, deconvolution, and Walsh domain processing of the data are discussed and the unpublished computer results are presented in detail.
Towards On-Chip Coherent Photonic Logic with Amorphous Silicon Microring Resonators

We demonstrate picosecond timescale optical switching in high-Q amorphous silicon microring resonators in the 1.5-μm telecom band via cross-phase modulation. Our results indicate promising approaches for explorations of ultrafast coherent photonic logic on chip.
Batch Pasteurization of Liquid Whole Egg 2. Equipment Design and Operation

Abstract INTRODUCTION AS part of a project to develop methods and procedures for batch pasteurization of liquid whole egg the equipment design requirements were studied. Major considerations in the design of this type of equipment are the rate of heat transfer, type of agitation, operating temperatures suitable for the product, and heating and cooling source requirements. Brant et al. (1968) reviewed research on batch pasteurization of eggs and none had considered engineering principles or equipment design requirements. There were no studies that gave heat transfer characteristics for eggs or egg products under the described conditions. Henderson (1957) studied heat transfer rates for individual whole shell eggs. Farrall (1953) described the type of equipment and control systems currently in use for milk processing and gave theory of operation for them. A number of heat transfer texts including Kern (1950) define the factors affecting heating and cooling liquids in kettles. When factors such . . .
Water-soluble polythiophene∕nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells

We report the characteristics of polymer∕nanocrystalline solar cells fabricated using an environmentally friendly water-soluble polythiophene and TiO2 in a bilayer configuration. The cells were made by dropping the polymer onto a TiO2 nanocrystalline film and then repeatedly sweeping a clean glass rod across the polymer as it dried. The devices showed an open circuit voltage of 0.81 V, a short circuit current density of 0.35mA∕cm2, a fill factor of 0.4, and an energy conversion efficiency of 0.13%. The water-soluble polythiophene showed significant photovoltaic behavior and the potential for use in solar cells.
The extraction and purification of lipogenin

Abstract A method for the extraction and purification of lipogenin has been described. By means of alcohol fractionation, chromatography, electrophoresis, and mannanase treatment an approx. 1000-fold purification was achieved. The purified material contained some 30% carbohydrate, mainly mannan, and 70% of a peptide.
Cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase in light- and dark-adapted eyes of a polychaete worm, Nereis limnicola.

The amount and distribution of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase in light- and dark-adapted eyes of the brackish-water annelid Nereis limnicola were studied by standard cytochemical techniques. Precipitate from the acid phosphatase reaction was observed in Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosomal complexes, primary lysosomes, and secondary lysosomes, formed by fusion of primary lysosomes with phagocytic and pinocytic vesicles containing products of presumed rhabdomeric degradation. The acid phosphatase reaction occurred in these organelles in both sensory and supportive cells of both light- and darkadapted ocelli. Secondary lysosomes were more abundant in sensory cells of illuminated ocelli than in those maintained in the dark. Sparse reaction product was found in Golgi cisternae, none in rough endoplasmic reticulum. We suggest that the increase of lysosomal activity in light-adapted eyes is correlated with the breakdown of photosensory microvilli upon exposure to light. A diagram of our interpretation of recycling of photoreceptoral membrane in N. limnicola is presented.
The quantitative compositional analysis and field-evaporation behavior of ordered Ni4Mo on an atomic plane-by-plane basis: An atom-probe field-ion microscope study☆

Abstract Atom-probe field-ion microscope analyses were performed on specimens of ordered Ni4Mo. The (211) fundamental and (101) superlattice planes, of the body-centered tetragonal lattice, were analysed chemically on an atomic plane-by-plane basis. It was demonstrated that the composition of each individual plane can be determined as a function of depth without any ambiguity. The overall coverage Mo concentration was measured to be 17.1 at% for the (211) fundamental plane — as compared to 19.4 at% Mo by conventional chemical techniques. Possible sources of this discrepancy are discussed. The details of the field evaporation behavior of the (211) fundamental and (101) superlattice planes were studied. The field evaporation behavior is described in terms of the field evaporation rate, the order of the field evaporated ions, etc. Each individual atomic plane field-evaporated on an atomic plane-by-plane basis for the (211) fundamental plane. While for the (101) superlattice plane a group of planes consisting of one plane of Mo atoms and four planes of Ni atoms field-evaporated as a unit. An abnormal increase in the number of Mo atoms was found in the central portion of the (211) fundamental plane. Possible mechanisms for the abnormal field evaporation rate are discussed. Finally, it is concluded that the atom probe technique can be used, in this complicated ordered structure, to follow: (1) the physics and chemistry of the field evaporation process; and (2) the chemistry of the alloy as a function of position, on a subnanometer scale, throughout the specimen.
Sonographic detection of stones in poorly opacified left intrahepatic ducts

Intrahepatic duct (IHD) stone is a common disease in Taiwan. In some cases, left IHD stones cannot be demonstrated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or even by percutaneous cholangiography (PTC). This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of sonography in demonstrating left IHD stones in poorly opacified left IHD by either ERC or PTC. Of 109 patients with hyperechoic nodular lesions in either the dilated left IHD or atrophic left lobe of the liver, with or without acoustic shadows, 49 patients were excluded because they refused further study. Among the remainder (60 patients), 33 patients had good opacification of left IHD in ERC or PTC. Stones were seen in 31 patients, and tumor obstruction in 2 patients. Twenty-seven patients had complete or partial absence of the left IHD in cholangiograms. Stones were found at surgery in 23 patients and by CT scan in 3 patients. Mucin-producing cholangiocarcinoma was found in 1 patient. The positive predictive value of the demonstration of stones in left IHD by ulrasound was 95% (57/60). Only 15% of patients with atrophy of the left hepatic lobe and stones were demonstrated by sonogram in this series. We conclude that the detection of left IHD stones by ultrasound in patients with poor opacification of the left IHD in cholangiograms is reliable procedure.
Forced migration studies: Could we agree just to date?

This essay questions the soundness of a scholarly shift away from refugee studies in favour of forced migration studies. It contends first that subsuming refugee studies into the broader framework of forced migration studies may result in a failure to take account of the specificity of the refugees circumstances which are defined not just by movement to avoid the risk of harm but by underlying social disfranchisement coupled with the unqualified ability of the international community to respond to their needs. Second it argues that forced migration (rather than for example forced migrant) studies encourages a focus on a phenomenon rather than on the personal predicaments needs challenges and rights of refugees themselves. It may thus contribute to a lack of criticality in relation to policies which subordinate refugee autonomy to the pursuit of more systemic concerns. The first concern is illustrated by reference to the emergence of the internally displaced persons category the second by reference to the determination to find and mandate durable solutions to forced migration including to the movement of refugees. (authors)
Corporate spin-offs as a value enhancing technique when faced with legal liability

Abstract The formation of spin-off companies by corporations facing unlimited liability exposures (e.g., oil spill liability by oil transport and oil production firms) is shown mathematically to actually increase shareholder wealth and firm value. This increase occurs at the expense of the liability claimants who essentially must absorb the cost of a put option on the value of the limited liability feature obtained by spinning off the company (a stop-loss type insurance premium). In addition to discussing this issue, the paper provides illustrations from current pollution liability history and considers differences between the stockholder/bondholder incentive conflicts and the stockholder/ liability claimant conflicts.
FAD: Filtering, analyzing, and diagnosing reading difficulties

In developing and refining FAD, we borrowed from data-mining research techniques for sifting through and discovering patterns in large data sets (e.g., iden-tifying associations and relationships, data cluster-ing, and classification). These are among the dozens of techniques commonly used in disciplines such as statistics, cybernetics, and business (e.g., Ahmed, 2004). The FAD procedure is predicated on the idea that any coherent assessment data set contains sub-stantial latent information, which can be used to help ease assessment information overload and eventu-ally enhance accuracy and efficiency when making tentative diagnostic decisions.In light of established research and practice find-ings relative to literacy assessment and instruction (Afflerbach, 2007; Caldwell, 2008), we were guided by an approach to literacy assessment and instruction that (a) makes use of multiple sources of information such as the child’s home environment, the school setting, and the child; (b) engages the child in self-assessment of his or her reading and writing difficulties and partici-pation in determining his or her strengths and needs; and (c) considers initial reading and writing diagnoses as tentative, and subjects interpretation of assessment outcomes to refinement through continuous monitor-ing of and response to instruction.
Use of complementary and alternative medicine and self-rated health status: results from a national survey.

Background Despite the absence of conclusive evidence of effectiveness, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by 4 of 10 adults in the US; little is known about the association between CAM use and health status.
Plasma processing in the fabrication of amorphous silicon thin-film-transistor arrays

Plasma deposition and etching are two critical processes in the fabrication of the arrays of thin-film transistors (TFTs) in active-matrix liquid crystal displays. The processes fulfill three important production requirements: suitability for use at relatively low substrate temperatures, suitability for large substrates, and high throughput capability. We present an overview of our recent studies on the plasma-processing aspects of the fabrication of large-area arrays of TFTs in which use is made of thin films of amorphous silicon containing hydrogen (a-Si:H). Subjects covered include the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of a-Si:H films, SiNx films, and heavily phosphorus-doped Si films; the influence of the films on TFT characteristics; associated plasma-etching and edge-profile aspects; plasma-etching-induced damage to TFTs and repair of the damage; and equipment aspects.
Conserved and differential effects of dietary energy intake on the hippocampal transcriptomes of females and males.

The level of dietary energy intake influences metabolism, reproductive function, the development of age-related diseases, and even cognitive behavior. Because males and females typically play different roles in the acquisition and allocation of energy resources, we reasoned that dietary energy intake might differentially affect the brains of males and females at the molecular level. To test this hypothesis, we performed a gene array analysis of the hippocampus in male and female rats that had been maintained for 6 months on either ad libitum (control), 20% caloric restriction (CR), 40% CR, intermittent fasting (IF) or high fat/high glucose (HFG) diets. These diets resulted in expected changes in body weight, and circulating levels of glucose, insulin and leptin. However, the CR diets significantly increased the size of the hippocampus of females, but not males. Multiple genes were regulated coherently in response to energy restriction diets in females, but not in males. Functional physiological pathway analyses showed that the 20% CR diet down-regulated genes involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial ATP production in males, whereas these metabolic pathways were up-regulated in females. The 40% CR diet up-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, protein deacetylation, PGC-1α and mTor pathways in both sexes. IF down-regulated many genes in males including those involved in protein degradation and apoptosis, but up-regulated many genes in females including those involved in cellular energy metabolism, cell cycle regulation and protein deacetylation. Genes involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress responses and cell death were affected by the HFG diet in both males and females. The gender-specific molecular genetic responses of hippocampal cells to variations in dietary energy intake identified in this study may mediate differential behavioral responses of males and females to differences in energy availability.
Complexes of starch polysaccharides and poly(ethylene co‐acrylic acid): Structural characterization in the solid state

The structural characterization of model complexes of amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) with poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA) was undertaken in order to better understand the interactions that occur between the polysaccharides and EAA in starch-EAA-polyethylene films. X-ray diffraction and CP/MAS 13C-NMR studies showed that precipitates from solution mixtures of AM and EAA form crystalline, helical V -type inclusion complexes. The proportion of AM forming the V -type complex in the EAA/AM blends, estimated from shifts in the C1 resonance of AM, increased with increasing EAA/AM ratio, reaching a value of about 80% at EAA/AM = 0.5 (w/w). Similar measurements for EAA/AP complexes showed 50%) of the EAA carboxyl groups were hydrogen bonded to polysaccharide hydroxyl groups in both AM and AP complexes when EAA/polysaccharide < 1.
Theoretical investigation of collisional energy transfer in polyatomic intermediates

Quantum scattering calculations on collisional rotational and vibrational energy transfer in small hydrocarbon reactive intermediates are highlighted. This review focuses on recent theoretical studies of energy transfer in methylene (CH2), in both its ground triplet 3 B 1 and low-lying singlet 1 A 1 electronic states, and in the methyl (CH3) radical. Propensities in the state-to-state cross sections are shown to depend upon the two types of anisotropies that are present in potential energy surfaces of systems involving nonlinear polyatomic molecules. Computed rate constants for rotational and vibrational relaxation are compared with available experimental data. In addition, collisional transfer between the CH2 and states is addressed. Collision-induced intersystem crossing is shown to be mediated by spectroscopically perturbed rotational levels of mixed electronic character.
High-temperature-series expansion for random Ising magnets

We use high-temperature\char22{}series expansion to study the magnetic properties of $d$-dimensional hypercubic Ising spin systems with a random distribution of exchange interaction. Our series is valid for an arbitrary distribution of exchange. We examine the case of a concentration of $p$ ferromagnetic bonds and $1\ensuremath{-}p$ antiferromagnetic bonds of equal magnitude. We find regions of a spin-glass phase in the concentration-temperature phase diagram sandwiched between regions of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order.
Reconstitution studies using the helical and carboxy-terminal domains of enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.

Enzyme I of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system can be phosphorylated by PEP on an active-site histidine residue, localized to a cleft between an α-helical domain and an α/β domain on the amino terminal half of the protein. The phosphoryl group on the active-site histidine can be passed to an active-site histidine residue of HPr. It has been proposed that the major interaction between enzyme I and HPr occurs via the α-helical domain of enzyme I. The isolated recombinant α-helical domain (residues 25−145) with ∼80% α-helices as well as enzyme I deficient in that domain [EI(ΔHD)] with ∼50% α-helix content from M. capricolum were used to further elucidate the nature of the enzyme I−HPr complex. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrated that HPr binds to the α-helical domain and intact enzyme I with = 5 × 104 and 1.4 × 105 M-1 at pH 7.5 and 25 °C, respectively, but not to EI(ΔHD), which contains the active-site histidine of enzyme I and can be autophosphorylated by PEP. In vi...
Experimental infection of aposymbiotic gorgonian polyps with zooxanthellae

The planula larvae and young polyp stages of the West Indian gorgonian Pseudopterogorgia bipinnata (Verrill) do not have symbiotic zooxanthellae. Planulae were allowed to settle in water free of any algae and presented with a number of strains of dinoflagellates. Motile forms of these algae were attracted to the polyps and in some cases were seen to swim into the polyp's open mouth. Successful infection was obtained only with Gymnocdinium (probably microadriaticum (Freudenthal)). Algae of the genus Amphidinium were apparently not able to infect polyps. The differences in transmission of zooxanthellae in symbiotic animals are discussed.
A biologist, a statistician, and a bioinformatician walk into a conference room… and walk out with a great metagenomics project plan.

Reviews of metagenomics analysis oftenemphasize the interdisciplinary and tech-nical aspects of data analysis (Knief, 2014;Sharpton, 2014). How might these rec-ommendations be implemented for futureprojects? In this opinion, I provide someareas to consider, especially in experimen-tal design and full-data-cycle planning,and in expertise areas of value to metage-nomics projects. This opinion is struc-tured as a hypothetical conversation thatreviews state-of-the art in these areas andbrings out the various aspects of metage-nomics project design.Let’s consider an example project inplant-microbe metagenomics—analysis ofmicrobial metagenome functional genesthat predict plant yield differences in ahorticultural crop species. I’ve framed adiscussion of key points as a conversa-tion, perhaps at the third or fourth meet-ing, after participants have described theirrange of expertise.
Miniature optical fiber pressure microsensors for in vivo measurement of intramuscular pressure

An innovative fiber optic pressure microsensor has been developed that is based upon on Luna Innovations' patented extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) technique. The basic physics governing the operation of these sensors makes them relatively tolerant or immune to the effects of high-temperature, high-EMI, and highly-corrosive environments. Luna's pressure microsensor is extremely small, with an outer diameter of only 200 microns and a length of less than 1mm. The pressure microsensor has a high sensitivity that allows for sub-mmHg resolution over a dynamic range of 0-300 mmHg. The combination of these features makes this pressure microsensor ideal for medical applications where small size, high sensitivity and accuracy, EMI immunity, biocompatibility, and survivability (e.g. sterilizable - steam, ethylene oxide) are important. One example medical application of the pressure microsensor has been to adapt the microsensor for measurement of intramuscular pressure in vivo during active and passive muscle activation. Clinically it is difficult to study the in vivo mechanical properties of individual skeletal muscles for a variety of reasons. Initial experiments have demonstrated a correlation between intramuscular pressure and force. Such measurements can be a useful diagnostic tool for clinicians assessing muscular deficits in patients.
Multidisciplinary management of Crouzon syndrome

The management of Crouzon syndrome in a 14-year-old girl by a multidisciplinary group is reported. A multidisciplinary approach can be used successfully to treat patients with severe dentofacial and craniofacial deformities. This article demonstrates the availability and success of surgical-orthodontic treatment of a patient with Crouzon syndrome.
Mechanisms and controlling factors in creep fracture

Abstract The mechanisms of high temperature intergranular creep fracture are reviewed in an effort to determine the controlling factors for this failure process. We show that failure occurs by cavity nucleation and growth on grain boundaries but that these processes are rarely controlling factors in creep fracture. The redistributions of stress that occur in a creeping solid, by both grain boundary sliding and inhomogeneous cavitation, are shown to be more important. As a consequence, creep fracture is usually controlled by the creep process itself. The implications of these findings for creep fracture are discussed. Some brief remarks about the design of materials with creep fracture resistance are also given.
Filial maturity: Analysis and reconceptualization

The concept of filial maturity has often been utilized to describe the nature and quality of the adult parent-child relationship. This paper will critically evaluate filial maturity as a central construct for understanding filial relations, present a reconceptualization of the concept, and identify areas for further empirical and conceptual elaboration.
Enhanced ab initio protein folding simulations in Poisson-Boltzmann molecular dynamics with self-guiding forces.

Abstract We have investigated the sampling efficiency in molecular dynamics with the PB implicit solvent when self-guiding forces are added. Compared with a high-temperature dynamics simulation, the use of self-guiding forces in room-temperature dynamics is found to be rather efficient as measured by potential energy fluctuation, gyration radius fluctuation, backbone RMSD fluctuation, number of unique clusters, and distribution of low RMSD structures over simulation time. Based on the enhanced sampling method, we have performed ab initio folding simulations of two small proteins, ββα1 and villin headpiece. The preliminary data for the folding simulations is presented. It is found that ββα1 folding proceeds by initiation of the turn and the helix. The hydrophobic collapse seems to be lagging behind or at most concurrent with the formation of the helix. The hairpin stability is weaker than the helix in our simulations. Its role in the early folding events seems to be less important than the more stable helix. In contrast, villin headpiece folding proceeds first by hydrophobic collapse. The formation of helices is later than the collapse phase, different from the ββα1 folding.
Modeling and analysis of system stability in a distributed power delivery network with embedded digital linear regulators

On-chip power delivery networks (PDNs) for today's microprocessors and systems-on-chip (SoCs), which are characterized by dynamic supply voltage, many embedded integrated VRs (IVRs), lower decoupling-capacitor, high current ranges, multiple power modes and fast transient loads are designed to minimize AC load transients and supply noise. The close interaction of the VRs with the power grids create multiple feedback paths in the overall network, compromising the resultant phase margin and can even lead to system instabilities. The introduction of digital linear regulators operating in the low dropout (LDO) mode, with low power supply rejection, further exacerbates the problem. This paper provides a comprehensive methodology, based on Mason's Gain Formula applied to hybrid control, for modeling and analyzing distributed linear regulators and their interaction with the PDN.
Chaotic sets and Euler equation branching

Abstract Some macroeconomic models may exhibit a type of indeterminacy known as Euler equation branching (e.g., the one-sector growth model with a production externality). The dynamics in such models are governed by a differential inclusion x ˙ ∈ H ( x ) , where H is a set-valued function. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a chaotic set and explore its implications for Devaney chaos, Li–Yorke chaos and distributional chaos (adapted to dynamical systems generated by a differential inclusion). We show that a chaotic set will imply Devaney and Li–Yorke chaos and that a chaotic set with Euler equation branching will imply distributional chaos. We show that the existence of a steady state for a differential inclusion on the plane will generate a chaotic set and hence Devaney and Li–Yorke chaos. As an application, we show how these results can be applied to a one-sector growth model with a production externality – extending the results of Christiano and Harrison (1999) . We show that chaotic (Devaney, Li–Yorke and distributional) and cyclic equilibria are possible and that this behavior is not dependent on the steady state being “locally” a saddle, sink or source.
The Uncertainty of Scanner Illumination

Since typical document scanners are based on the principle of comparing the amount of light reflected from point of interest with that of a known surface, the reflectance of point of interest on the document measured by a scanner is therefore impacted by the reflectance of its neighboring region via multiple light reflections. The effect was referred to as the "integrating cavity effect". We investigate the effect by establishing an optical model with optical ray tracing. We demonstrated the effect by examining the illumination profile after accounting for multiple reflections off the document. The simulation shows that the impact is less significant for the slow scan direction as opposed to the fast scan direction. We identified that the platen glass can contribute just as much as the illumination assembly to the effect but the impact is much more localized. Further we demonstrated that the impact of the illumination assembly and the platen glass is independent from each other to a great degree and the impact of the illumination assembly to the illumination profile is equivalent to a convolution of the original document content with a Gaussian kernel of a considerable band width.
Modeling the habitat range of phototrophs in yellowstone national park: toward the development of a comprehensive fitness landscape.

The extent to which geochemical variation constrains the distribution of phototrophic metabolisms was modeled based on 439 observations in geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were developed to predict the distribution of photosynthesis as a function of spring temperature, pH, and total sulfide. GAMs comprised of temperature explained 42.7% of the variation in the distribution of phototrophic metabolisms whereas GAMs comprised of sulfide and pH explained 20.7% and 11.7% of the variation, respectively. These results suggest that of the measured variables, temperature is the primary constraint on the distribution of phototrophic metabolism in YNP. GAMs comprised of multiple variables explained a larger percentage of the variation in the distribution of phototrophic metabolism, indicating additive interactions among variables. A GAM that combined temperature and sulfide explained the greatest variation in the dataset (54.8%) while minimizing the introduction of degrees of freedom. In an effort to verify the extent to which phototroph distribution reflects constraints on activity, we examined the influence of sulfide and temperature on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) uptake rates under both light and dark conditions. Light-driven DIC uptake decreased systematically with increasing concentrations of sulfide in acidic, algal-dominated systems, but was unaffected in alkaline, bacterial-dominated systems. In both alkaline and acidic systems, light-driven DIC uptake was suppressed in cultures incubated at temperatures 10°C greater than their in situ temperature. Collectively, these results suggest that the habitat range of phototrophs in YNP springs, specifically that of cyanobacteria and algae, largely results from constraints imposed by temperature and sulfide on the activity and fitness of these populations, a finding that is consistent with the predictions from GAMs.
A STATISTICAL LOAD DEPENDENCY MODEL FOR CPU ERRORS AT SLAC

EBSTRACT This paper describes an analysis of CPU errors at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Computational Facility. The study includes all classes of temporary and permanent CPU errors. Nearly 85 percent of the errors are temporary failures. We find a strong load dependency in the errors. The observed tendency is present in three years of load ,data. This observation is significant because a load-failure r elationship found at the CPU level must, in our vieu, be considered fundamental. In addition, the fact that most of the errors are transients or i ntermittents, provides neu information on these error types uith respect to their load dependent behavior. Our analysis procedure, used on the SLAC data, has been validated on an artificially created data base seeded uith failures.
POSSIBLE GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE INTO A BLACK HOLE OF THE PULSAR IN SUPERNOVA 1987A

We discuss how recapture of an object from debris spewed at the early stage of formation by the millisecond pulsar whose signals where observed briefly in the remnant of SN1987A may have caused its subsequent collapse into a black hole, by damping the rapid rotation which is believed to have contributed to its stability. The mass of the object sufficient to bring this about in the two week interval between observation and next search is calculated to be up to 1/20 of a Jupiter mass.
Orientation and bonding of biphenyldimethyldithiol

The molecular orbitals of 1,1 � -biphenyl-4,4 � -dimethyldithiol (HS–CH2– C6H4–C6H4–CH2–SH) are identified from combined photoemission and inverse photoemission studies and compared with theory for several different surfaces, molecular conformations and molecular orientations. The preferential molecular orientations of biphenyldimethyldithiol, on both Au(111) and polycrystalline Co, are identified from polarization resolved photoemission studies. Two different molecular orientations are adopted by biphenyldimethyldithiol on gold depending on adsorption conditions. Biphenyldimethyldithiol is observed to bond more strongly to cobalt than gold surfaces. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)