cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dental caries among children visiting a mobile dental clinic in South Central Kentucky: a pooled cross-sectional study

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases affecting a large portion of children in the United States. The prevalence of childhood dental caries in Kentucky is among the highest in the nation. The purposes of this study are to (1) compare sociodemographic differences between caries and no caries groups and (2) investigate factors associated with untreated dental caries among children who visited a mobile dental clinic in South Central Kentucky. Study subjects were children aged 6 to 15 years who participated in the school-based dental sealant program through the mobile dental clinic operated by the Institute for Rural Health at Western Kentucky University between September 2006 and May 2011 (n = 2,453). Descriptive statistics were calculated for sociodemographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance status, and urban versus rural residential location) and caries status. We used chi-square tests to compare sociodemographic differences of children stratified by caries and no caries status as well as three levels of caries severity. We developed a logistic regression model to investigate factors associated with untreated dental caries while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The proportion of children having untreated dental caries was 49.7% and the mean number of untreated dental caries was 2.0. The proportion of untreated dental caries was higher in older children, children with no insurance and living in rural residential locations, and caries severity was also higher in these groups. Odds ratio indicated that older ages, not having private insurance (having only public, government-sponsored insurance or no insurance at all) and rural residential location were associated with having untreated dental caries after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics of children. Untreated dental caries was more likely to be present in older children living in rural areas without insurance. Health interventionists may use this information and target rural children without having proper insurance in order to reduce geographic disparities in untreated dental caries in South Central Kentucky.
Crossing scales, crossing disciplines: collective motion and collective action in the Global Commons

Two conflicting tendencies can be seen throughout the biological world: individuality and collective behaviour. Natural selection operates on differences among individuals, rewarding those who perform better. Nonetheless, even within this milieu, cooperation arises, and the repeated emergence of multicellularity is the most striking example. The same tendencies are played out at higher levels, as individuals cooperate in groups, which compete with other such groups. Many of our environmental and other global problems can be traced to such conflicts, and to the unwillingness of individual agents to take account of the greater good. One of the great challenges in achieving sustainability will be in understanding the basis of cooperation, and in taking multicellularity to yet a higher level, finding the pathways to the level of cooperation that is the only hope for the preservation of the planet.
In Vitro Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of UTL-5g, a Novel Chemo- and Radioprotective Agent

N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (UTL-5g), a potential chemo- and radioprotective agent, acts as a prodrug requiring bioactivation to the active metabolite 5-methylisoxazole-3-carboxylic acid (ISOX). UTL-5g hydrolysis to ISOX and 2,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) has been identified in porcine and rabbit liver esterases. The purpose of this study was to provide insights on the metabolism and drug interaction potential of UTL-5g in humans. The kinetics of UTL-5g hydrolysis was determined in human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant human carboxylesterases (hCE1b and hCE2). The potential of UTL-5g and its metabolites for competitive inhibition and time-dependent inhibition of microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) was examined in HLM. UTL-5g hydrolysis to ISOX and DCA in HLM were NADPH-independent, with a maximum rate of reaction (Vmax) of 11.1 nmol/min per mg and substrate affinity (Km) of 41.6 µM. Both hCE1b and hCE2 effectively catalyzed UTL-5g hydrolysis, but hCE2 exhibited ∼30-fold higher catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) than hCE1b. UTL-5g and DCA competitively inhibited microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 (IC50 values <50 µM), and exhibited time-dependent inhibition of microsomal CYP1A2 with the inactivation efficiency (kinact/KI) of 0.68 and 0.51 minute(-1)·mM(-1), respectively. ISOX did not inhibit or inactivate any tested microsomal P450. In conclusion, hCE1b and hCE2 play a key role in the bioactivation of UTL-5g. Factors influencing carboxylesterase activities may have a significant impact on the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of UTL-5g. UTL-5g has the potential to inhibit P450-mediated metabolism through competitive inhibition or time-dependent inhibition. Caution is particularly needed for potential drug interactions involving competitive inhibition or time-dependent inhibition of CYP1A2 in the future clinical development of UTL-5g.
Rightward Scrambling as Rightward Remnant Movement

Mahajan (1997) and Simpson and Bhattacharya (2003) analyze Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi-Urdu and Bangla as SVO. We argue against this position, drawing on rightward scrambling in Hindi-Urdu to make this point. We propose an account of the phenomenon in terms of rightward remnant-VP movement. This account differs from proposals that posit rightward movement of individual arguments as well as from the antisymmetric proposals mentioned above, which treat rightward scrambling as argument stranding. Our rightward remnant movement analysis better captures two empirical properties of rightward scrambling that remain elusive in the other accounts: the correlation between linear order and scope, and restricted scope for rightward- scrambled wh-expressions.
CS Fulbright experiences abroad

The Fulbright Scholar Program is the flagship academic exchange program of the U.S. Department of State that provides the opportunity for U.S. Scholars to teach and/or conduct research at institutions abroad. Every year, approximately 1100 American scholars travel to approximately 125 countries to lecture, conduct research, and participate in a wide variety of academic and professional activities for one or more academic terms, up to one year. The Fulbright Scholar program is open to US Citizens with a Ph.D. or equivalent professional or terminal degree and university teaching experience [1]. In this panel, three computer science professors who have completed a total of five Fulbright grants in the last 12 years offer their experiences, anecdotes, and insights of the Fulbright Scholar program. The goal of the panel is to promote and inform the CS Education community about benefits of the Fulbright Scholar program, address questions or misconceptions regarding the program, and present realistic expectations for both the application process and the program itself. Each of the three panelists will present a 15 minute overview of their Fulbright experiences, leaving ample time for an interactive question and answer period.
Microcosm enrichment of 1,3-dichloropropene-degrading soil microbial communities in a compost-amended soil.

Methods and Results: After 8 weeks of incubation, with repeated application of 1,3-D, volatilization fluxes were much lower for compost-amended soil (CM) than with the unamended soils, indicating accelerated degradation due to addition of compost, or development of new microbial populations with enhanced degradation capacity. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles of the PCR-amplified region of 16S rDNA genes were used to identify dominant bacterial populations in the fumigant-degrading soil. The DGGE results indicated that specific bacterial types had been enriched, and a more diverse fingerprint was observed in the community derived from the compost-amended soil compared with the unamended soil. Fragments from 16 different DGGE bands were cloned, sequenced and compared with published 16S rDNA sequences. Two clones, designated E1 and E4, were unique to all soils to which compost was added, and corresponded to strains of Pseudomonas and Actinomadura, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that the addition of compost to soil increases specific microbial populations and results in the accelerated degradation of fumigants. Significance and Impact of the Study: Application of compost manure to soil can help degrade soil fumigants at a faster rate.
Native American Students in U.S. Higher Education: A Look from Attachment Theory

This paper examines the behavioral patterns of Native American college students in U.S. higher education. Attachment theory is the theoretical framework used in this analysis. Developed by Bowlby (Attachment and loss: Separation, anxiety and anger, 1973), attachment theory postulates that behaviors can be predicted based on one’s personality, character qualities, and early life experiences. Overall, we found that attachment to Native American culture has made a positive difference in reversing academic struggles among Native Americans. Indeed, while it is difficult for Native Americans to change their attachment style, slight modifications have proved to help them become more secure. Even though various themes could have been explored, we investigated discrimination, academics, obedience to tribal culture, and alcoholism. Another important conclusion is that academic competence tends to be linked to certain indigenous beliefs.
When Cancer Fights Back: Multiple Myeloma, Proteasome Inhibition, and the Heat-Shock Response.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy with an estimated 26,850 new cases and 11,240 deaths in 2015 in the United States. Two main classes of agents are the mainstays of therapy - proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs). Other new targets are emerging rapidly, including monoclonal antibodies and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. These therapeutic options have greatly improved overall survival but currently only 15-20% of patients experience long-term progression-free survival or are cured. Therefore, improvement in treatment options is needed. One potential means of improving clinical options is to target resistance mechanisms for current agents. For example, eliminating the cytoprotective heat shock response that protects myeloma cells from proteasome inhibition may enhance PI-based therapies. The transcription factor Heat Shock Factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the heat shock response. HSF1 is vital in the proteotoxic stress response and its activation is controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs). This review details the mechanisms of HSF1 regulation and discusses leveraging that regulation to enhance PI activity.
Variation in the Thyroid Radioiodine Test: Effect on Rotation of Technologists

The variations in results of the radioiodine thyroid uptake test performed by different technologists were evaluated. Twenty-nine thyroid uptake studies were performed on referred patients over a one-week period by three nuclear medicine technologists using a standardized technique, and the variations in thyroid uptakes were statistically expressed. Seven thyroid uptake studies had high coefficients of variation (greater than 10.0%). Of these seven studies, six had mean thyroid uptakes of less than 7 .0%. In general, minimal variations in thyroid radioiodine uptakes were noted when nuclear medicine technologists were interchanged.
Beyond Domestic Violence Survivor Services: Refocusing on Inequality in the Fight against Gender-Based Violence in the Americas

Despite a consensus in the Americas that gender-based violence is rooted in inequality and historic precedent and exacerbated by socio-economic hardship, government programmes and institutional evaluations of programmes to combat violence against women tend not to tackle the problem at source. Instead, governments and policy evaluations tend to focus on domestic violence survivor services. This article analyses current work to evaluate government efforts to fight violence against women and unpacks scholarly and policy consensus on the root causes of the violence. I then illustrate the disconnect between root causes of violence and government programmes, to emphasise the need to link programmes more closely to agreed-upon causes of violence.
Quality of Working Life among Women and Men in the Information Technology Workforce

In this paper, we examine quality of working life (QWL) and evaluate and compare the predictors of QWL among 624 women and men in a variety of information technology (IT) jobs in five companies. Th...
Distribution of Eggs and Parasites of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae), Nabis spp. (Hemiptera: Nabidae), and Spissistilus festinus (Say) (Homoptera: Membracidae) on Plant Stems

Near Tucson, Ariz., eggs of Lygus spp. (primarily L. hesperus Knight) and Nabis spp. were mostly deposited in the apical 30 cm of alfalfa stems, whereas those of the three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), were more evenly distributed. Oviposition by Lygus and Nabis in London rocket, Sisymbrium irio L., was similar to that on alfalfa when the plants were young and succulent, whereas on mature plants more eggs were found on the lower parts of the stems. The mymarid egg parasite, Anaphes ovijentatus (Crosby and Leonard), preferred Lygus. Of the Lygus eggs found in London rocket and alfalfa, 34 and 9%, respectively, were parasitized by A. ovijentatus. Parasitized Lygus eggs were most abundant 15 to 30 cm below the apex of alfalfa stems.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy investigation of the potential-dependent acid-base chemistry of silver-immobilized 2-mercaptobenzoic acid.

The acid−base chemistry of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid (2-MBA) immobilized on a polycrystalline silver surface was investigated by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy under potential control. The COO− bending mode of the benzoate form and the C−COOH stretching mode of the benzoic acid form of 2-MBA were used to determine the relative deprotonated and protonated populations of the bound ligand, respectively. In addition, shifts in the symmetric carboxylate stretching mode of 2-MBA reveal interactions between the benzoate group and the silver surface, interactions which could be displaced by acetate and other buffer anions from solution. It was found that the applied potential has a significant effect on the proton dissociation equilibrium of immobilized 2-MBA. This effect arises from the surface potential governing the activity of protons at the interface, which changes the interfacial pH relative to bulk solution. The results are fit to a Poisson−Boltzmann model, corrected for potential distribution across the...
Ultrafast Structural Dynamics of Cu(I)-Bicinchoninic Acid and Their Implications for Solar Energy Applications

In this study, ultrafast optical transient absorption and X-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy are used to probe the excited-state dynamics and structural evolution of copper(I) bicinchoninic acid ([Cu(I)(BCA)2]+), which has similar but less frequently studied biquinoline-based ligands compared to phenanthroline-based complexes. The optical transient absorption measurements performed on the complex in a series of polar protic solvents demonstrate a strong solvent dependency for the excited lifetime, which ranges from approximately 40 ps in water to over 300 ps in 2-methoxyethanol. The XTA experiments showed a reduction of the prominent 1s → 4pz edge peak in the excited-state X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectrum, which is indicative of an interaction with a fifth ligand, most likely the solvent. Analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum shows a shortening of the metal–ligand bond in the excited state and an increase in the coordination number for th...
Update in the management of the middle vault in rhinoplasty.

Purpose of reviewThe middle vault of the nose continues to be a topic of interest among surgeons interested in aesthetic and functional rhinoplasty. The purpose of this review is to present currently accepted concepts regarding the significance of the middle vault of the nose in rhinoplasty and to r
Non-Sterile Intermittent Catheterization With Antibiotic Prophylaxis in the Acute Spinal Cord Injured

AbstractThe efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis by the oral and intravesical routes was studied in acute spinal cord injury patients maintained on a non-sterile intermittent catheterization program. There were 25 male patients investigated and monitored with daily urine cultures. Significant bacteriuria occurred at a rate of 0.83 per cent. This infection rate was greater than that determined previously using a sterile catheterization technique (0.28 per cent, p less than 0.05). Control patients catheterized with a sterile technique and no antibiotic prophylaxis had an infection rate of 0.96 per cent. Establishment of significant bacteriuria was more prominent when patients were catheterized every 8 hours as opposed to every 4 hours.Despite antibiotic prophylaxis the non-sterile procedure results in unacceptable rates of significant bacteriuria. The sterile technique may be preferred in the acute spinal cord center.
STRATEGIES AND LOGISTICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EFFICIENT TESTING IN GENETIC DISEASE

Rapid advances in the field of human genetics have led to an increase in the availability of genetic diagnostic tests. This article reviews technical approaches and diseases for which metabolic, newborn screening, molecular, and cytogenetic diagnostic tests are available currently. Overlaps in areas of diagnostic testing that have emerged from the application of new technology in the field of genetics also are discussed, as are criteria and approaches used for identifying conditions for which diagnostic, presymptomatic, prenatal, and carrier testing should be offered. Finally, the delivery of these results and necessary genetic counseling that should accompany this information are reviewed.
Botulinum toxin therapy.

Botulinum toxin therapy has emerged as a treatment modality for a variety of spasticor contracture-related muscle diseases. Its safety has been proven for long-term use in the treatment of benign essential bleopharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and certain types of strabismus. Recent approval from the Federal Drug Administration should make botulinum toxin available for use in a greater number of patients.
Extraction and processing of videocapsule data to detect and measure the presence of villous atrophy in celiac disease patients.

Abstract Background Videocapsule endoscopy is a relative new method to analyze the gastrointestinal tract for the presence of pathologic features. It is of relevance to detect villous atrophy in the small bowel, which is a defining symptom of celiac disease. Method In this tutorial, methods to extract and process videocapsule endoscopy data are elucidated. The algorithms, computer code, and paradigms to analyze image series are described in detail. The topics covered include extraction of data, analysis of texture, eigenanalysis, spectral analysis, three-dimensional projection, and estimation of motility. The basic paradigms to implement these processes are provided. Results Examples of successful quantitative analysis implementations for selected untreated celiac disease patients with villous atrophy versus control patients with normal villi were illustrated. Based on the implementations, it was evident that celiac patients tended to have a rougher small intestinal texture as compared with control patients. From three-dimensional projection, celiac patients exhibited larger surface protrusions emanating from the small intestinal mucosa, which may represent clumps of atrophied villi. The periodicity of small intestinal contractions tends to be slower when villous atrophy is present, and the estimated degree of motility is reduced as compared with control image series. Basis image construction suggested that fissuring and mottling of the mucosal surface is predominant in untreated celiac patients, and mostly absent in controls. Conclusions Implementation of computerized methods, as described in this tutorial, will likely be useful for the automated detection and measurement of villous atrophy, and to map its extent along the small intestine of celiac patients.
Loss Aversion on the Links: Penalized Pro Golfers Fall Prey to Decision Bias

Prospect theory predicts that loss averse agents who fear they will not reach their reference utility level are more apt to adopt risky strategies to avoid that painful possibility compared to agents who are more sure of their relative standing. This paper tests this theory with data from professional golf events and finds evidence of economically inefficient loss aversion amongst tournament competitors. While playing par five holes, golfers who have been penalized because of a poor first shot are more likely to adopt an aggressive strategy for finishing the hole compared to their non-penalized rivals who are not feeling the burden of not meeting a preconceived reference score. The risks the penalized golfers take are economically inefficient, as their average performances are worse than their non-penalized rivals' average performances for the balance of the hole.
The Optional Stochastic Integral

In this paper we shall study the optional (or compensated) stochastic integral CH·X. The two main problems connected with this integral will be considered. First, we wish to express HC·X in terms of an ordinary predictable stochastic integral H’·X, where H’ is a suitable predictable process associated with the optional process H. An attempt in this direction was first undertaken by Yor [8]; however, even for bounded, scalar H, the problem remained open. We shall show in this case that HC·X — H’·X exists as a certain limit in M2, the space of cadlag (Hilbert-valued) square integrable martingales, (cf. §3). Secondly, we shall develop HC·X for processes H and X which take their values in a separable Hilbert space. These integrals, in turn, will allow us in a later paper to develop HC·X for certain nuclear-valued processes. Full details of the proofs of the theorems presented here will appear elsewhere.
Prison Chaplains: Inmate/Correctional Officer Role Perceptions and Conflict Management in Modern Corrections

Utilizing data from 19 interviews with prison chaplains employed by a Midwestern state department of corrections, this study examines how chaplains perceive both staff and inmates to view their rol...
Evaluation of Delivery Costs for External Beam Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing.

Purpose To evaluate the delivery costs, using time-driven activity-based costing, and reimbursement for definitive radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods and Materials Process maps were created to represent each step of the radiation treatment process and included personnel, equipment, and consumable supplies used to deliver care. Personnel were interviewed to estimate time involved to deliver care. Salary data, equipment purchasing information, and facilities costs were also obtained. We defined the capacity cost rate (CCR) for each resource and then calculated the total cost of patient care according to CCR and time for each resource. Costs were compared with 2016 Medicare reimbursement and relative value units (RVUs). Results The total cost of radiation therapy for cervical cancer was $12,861.68, with personnel costs constituting 49.8%. Brachytherapy cost $8610.68 (66.9% of total) and consumed 423 minutes of attending radiation oncologist time (80.0% of total). External beam radiation therapy cost $4055.01 (31.5% of total). Personnel costs were higher for brachytherapy than for the sum of simulation and external beam radiation therapy delivery ($4798.73 vs $1404.72). A full radiation therapy course provides radiation oncologists 149.77 RVUs with intensity modulated radiation therapy or 135.90 RVUs with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, with total reimbursement of $23,321.71 and $16,071.90, respectively. Attending time per RVU is approximately 4-fold higher for brachytherapy (5.68 minutes) than 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (1.63 minutes) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (1.32 minutes). Conclusions Time-driven activity-based costing was used to calculate the total cost of definitive radiation therapy for cervical cancer, revealing that brachytherapy delivery and personnel resources constituted the majority of costs. However, current reimbursement policy does not reflect the increased attending physician effort and delivery costs of brachytherapy. We hypothesize that the significant discrepancy between treatment costs and physician effort versus reimbursement may be a potential driver of reported national trends toward poor compliance with brachytherapy, and we suggest re-evaluation of payment policies to incentivize quality care.
La importancia cultural como guía: el plan de restauración y gestión del Arts Building and Cloister

El Arts Building and Cloister (1963-1967) as una arquitectura poco comun que auna tradiciones constructivas de influencia japonesa y pensilvana con una ingenieria innovadora en forma de una cubierta en paraboloide hiperbolico. El edificio disenado por el arquitecto y ebanista japones-americano George Nakashima es uno entre una docena de residencias, talleres y almacenes construidos en su propiedad de New Hope, Pensilvania. La compleja y cambiante relacion entre la importancia historica del lugar y la actividad ebanista motivo la elaboracion de un plan de conservacion y gestion que pueda velar por su proteccion y mantenimiento a largo plazo. Este articulo resume el diseno del edificio, su evolucion, y los principales desafios de la conservacion de un lugar que esta conformado tanto por sus edificios como por su importancia inmaterial como centro de paz y conocimiento a traves del arte y la artesania.
Choosing a Radiopharmaceutical for Cardiac Blood Pool Imaging

Technetium-99m human serum albumin, in vitro Tc-99m red blood cells, and in vivo Tc-99m red blood cells are clinically useful for cardiac blood pool imaging. The characteristics of each of these radiopharmaceuticals are described and some advantages and disadvantages of each are indicated. A table of considerations is presented for choosing a radiopharmaceutical for cardiac blood pool imaging.
Passive teaching is not as effective as active teaching for learning the standard technique of pivot shift test

Objective Two major teaching methods available for learning the pivot shift test are active teaching with real-time feedback from an instructor and passive teaching through the use of instructional textbooks or videos. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of active and passive teaching methods on the execution of the proper technique of the pivot shift test. Methods Six orthopaedic surgery residents each performed 110 pivot shift tests on a fresh-frozen, cadaveric pelvis-to-toe specimen with anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency and lateral meniscectomy. Participants performed 10 repetitions before teaching and a total of 100 repetitions after either active or passive teaching. Six degree-of-freedom kinematics of the knee defined by the Grood/Suntay coordinate system were recorded after every fifth repetition using an electromagnetic tracking system. Anterior/posterior translation of the lateral knee compartment during the reduction event was also quantified. Depending on the normality of the data, a two-tailed t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparisons of kinematics between the active and passive teaching groups and between successful and unsuccessful trials within each teaching group. Statistical significance was set at p Results The success rate after active teaching was 31.7% compared with 30.0% after passive teaching. However, the starting position of the reduction event in the active teaching group was rotated by more than twice the amount of valgus rotation compared with the passive group (7.4°±3.3° vs 3.0°±2.7°; p Conclusion Successful pivot shift tests can be performed after passive teaching, but the standard technique is not as effectively learnt through passive teaching since traditional external rotation during the reduction event was not used as in the active teaching group. Level of evidence V.
Development and Validation of a Lecture Assessment Tool for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Background Delivering quality lectures is a critical skill for residents seeking careers in academia yet no validated tools for assessing resident lecture skills exist. Objectives The authors sought to develop and validate a lecture assessment tool. Methods Using a nominal group technique, the authors derived a behaviorally anchored assessment tool. Baseline characteristics of resident lecturers including prior lecturing experience and perceived comfort with lecturing were collected. Faculty and senior residents used the tool to assess lecturer performance at weekly conference. A postintervention survey assessed the usability of the form and the quantity and quality of the feedback. Analysis of variance was used to identify relationships in performance within individual domains to baseline data. Generalizability coefficients and scatterplots with jitter were used to assess inter-rater reliability. Results Of 64 residents assessed, most (68.8%) had previous lecturing experience and 6.3% had experience as a regional/national speaker. There was a significant difference in performance within the domains of Content Expertise (p < 0.001), Presentation Design/Structure (p = 0.014), and Lecture Presence (p = 0.001) for first-year versus fourth-year residents. Residents who had higher perceived comfort with lecturing performed better in the domains of Content Expertise (p = 0.035), Presentation Design/Structure (p = 0.037), and Lecture Presence (p < 0.001). We found fair agreement between raters in all domains except Goals and Objectives. Both lecturers and evaluators perceived the feedback delivered as specific and of adequate quantity and quality. Evaluators described the form as highly useable. Conclusions The derived behaviorally anchored assessment tool is a sufficiently valid instrument for the assessment of resident-delivered lectures.
Weighted Entropy for Data Compression in Smart Grid

Compression is an important issue in smart grid communication to transmit and store large volume of power system data. In this work, a data compression method for smart grid signals is presented based on wavelet packet transform (WPT). Minimum description length (MDL) algorithm is employed for the selection of the best wavelet function and decomposition level. Additionally, a modified Shannon entropy is used for the selection of the best basis presentation of a signal out of the full WPT. Finally, a threshold criteria is applied to the WPT best basis coefficients to obtain a finely controlled and flexible compression ratio (CR). A set of power system signals from different measurement devices of Smart Grid are used for the performance evaluation of the presented technique. The presented method significantly reduces the size of the data after compression. Comparative results are presented with a fuzzy transform based method which is utilized for the compression of electric signal waveforms for smart grid.
Clerkship Curriculum Design and USMLE Step 2 Performance: Exploring the Impact of Self-Regulated Exam Preparation.

This study examined medical students’ stress and certification exam preparation practices in a reformed clerkship curriculum that excluded high-stakes knowledge testing from end-of-rotation performance evaluation. Stress and exam preparation practices were assessed via a survey comprising locally developed questions, three subscales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and two subscales of the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire. The association between stress, learning self-regulation, and certification exam scores was evaluated retrospectively using non-parametric tests of association (Spearman’s rho). Forty students responded to the survey and consented to use of academic performance data (57% participation rate). Mean certification exam scores were indistinguishable from historical controls. Exam preparation practices resembled those of pre-clinical students: exam-related worrying and time devoted to studying were high, increasing as the exam drew near; preferred study resources were directly analogous to exam questions; and study involved relatively few generative strategies (e.g., concept mapping). Sustaining effort and creating time and space to study were associated with better exam performance, as was participation in this study. On the surface, the absence of regularly spaced, high-stakes testing from clerkship performance evaluation appears to “do no harm” to students’ certification exam scores. Students already performing better academically may excel due in part to effective learning self-regulation strategies. However, a clerkship curriculum that does not scaffold self-regulation via cumulative knowledge assessment could further disadvantage students already earning lower scores. Evaluating the impact of curriculum reforms should continuously examine changes to learners’ experience in context.
Parallel k-Means Clustering of Geospatial Data Sets Using Manycore CPU Architectures

The increasing availability of high-resolution geospatiotemporal data sets from sources such as observatory networks, remote sensing platforms, and computational Earth system models has opened new possibilities for knowledge discovery and mining of weather, climate, ecological, and other geoscientific data sets fused from disparate sources. Many of the standard tools used on individual workstations are impractical for the analysis and synthesis of data sets of this size; however, new algorithmic approaches that can effectively utilize the complex memory hierarchies and the extremely high levels of parallelism available in state-of-the-art high-performance computing platforms can enable such analysis. Here, we describe pKluster, an open-source tool we have developed for accelerated k-means clustering of geospatial and geospatiotemporal data, and discuss algorithmic modifications and code optimizations we have made to enable it to effectively use parallel machines based on novel CPU architectures—such as the Intel Knights Landing Xeon Phi and Skylake Xeon processors—with many cores and hardware threads, and employing significant single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) parallelism. We outline some applications of the code in ecology and climate science contexts and present a detailed discussion of the performance of the code for one such application, LiDAR-derived vertical vegetation structure classification.
Examining the Role of Race and Gender as Moderators of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Hazardous Alcohol Consumption among DUI Offenders

AbstractResearch consistently documents a positive association between depressive symptoms and hazardous drinking. Fewer studies have examined this relationship among high-risk populations such as ...
Becoming partners: Faculty come to appreciate undergraduates as teaching partners in a service-learning teaching assistant program

This study examined the relationships between faculty and their teaching assistants in an undergraduate teaching assistant program developed at Northeastern University in the US to ease the challenges faculty faced in incorporating Service-Learning into their teaching. Feedback from faculty suggested that the undergraduates trained to assist them with purely logistical tasks were becoming partners in teaching. To explore the relationship between faculty and their teaching assistants and better understand how the faculty may have come to view the teaching assistants as partners, we conducted in-depth interviews with faculty across a range of academic disciplines and experience levels who had worked with one or more undergraduate teaching assistants. The data revealed that while the faculty participants did appreciate receiving logistical assistance with Service-Learning, they also benefited from partnering with students as colleagues who supported their teaching more broadly. We also found that faculty viewed the partnership in different ways depending on their level of experience with Service-Learning pedagogy.
Delay in Surgical Management of Multiligament Knee Injuries is Associated with Cartilage and Meniscus Injury

Objectives:Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) are potentially devastating injuries and can lead to significant functional impairment. Long-term outcomes and reconstructive options for MLKIs have b...
We Walk Through Corridors

The shame surrounding the construct of disability strikes at the very context of an individual’s soul. The overcoming of shame associated with a learning disability diagnosis is a journey. To be free requires the inner looking into the core of self, once viewed and acknowledged healing enters. In this journey the individual is held by hands greater than their own. The path of healing is an individual passage and choice. We Walk Through Corridors by Lisa Boskovich is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu/.
Life Extension by Tissue and Organ Replacement

A major feature of aging is a mounting incidence of organ failure. Heart failure is the major cause of death, and organ failure in general accounts for a large percentage of all age-related deaths. The ability to grow replacement organs in vitro or in vivo and to transplant them as needed would, by itself, address a great deal of the present morbidity and mortality associated with aging. In this chapter, we review present day successes in creating viable human organs that are functioning today in patients who need them as well as research that is leading to even greater capabilities for organ and tissue replacement in the future.
Genetic exploration of a nuclear receptor transcriptional regulatory complex

Metazoan transcriptional regulatory factors (TFs) bind to genomic response elements and assemble with co-regulators into transcriptional regulatory complexes (TRCs) whose composition, structure and activities are gene-, cell- and physiological-context specific. Each TRC is a "regulatory logic module," integrating incoming signaling information, which defines context and thereby recruits a distinct combination of co-regulators that together specify outgoing regulatory activity. Analyzing TRCs unique to every context is daunting, yet justified by their properties as self-contained regulatory modules. As proof-of-concept, we performed a forward genetic screen in C. elegans carrying a synthetic simple response element for nuclear receptor NHR-25 upstream of a fluorescent reporter gene. We isolated independent mutations in uba-2, a component of the sumoylation signaling machinery, and in lir-2, which we demonstrated to be a novel co-regulator, interacting with NHR-25 through LxxLL motifs and modulating target gene expression. Our studies establish that an unbiased genetic screen readily identifies both afferent and efferent components that specify TRC function, and suggest that screening natural response elements of interest could illuminate molecular mechanisms of both context-specificity and transcriptional regulation.
"I think everybody should take it if they're doing drugs, doing heroin, or having sex for money": a qualitative study exploring perceptions of pre-exposure prophylaxis among female participants in an opioid intervention court program.

Women’s rise in opioid use disorder has increased their presence in the criminal justice system and related risk behaviors for HIV infection. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention treatment, uptake among this high-risk population has been particularly low. Considerably little is known about the interplay between justice-involved women with opioid use disorder and HIV prevention. The aim of this study was to explore PrEP knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions for personal and partner use among women participants in the nation’s first ever opioid intervention court program. The authors conducted semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 31 women recruited from an Opioid Intervention Court, a recent fast-track treatment response to combat overdose deaths. We utilized a consensual qualitative research approach to explore attitudes, perceptions, and preferences about PrEP from women at risk for HIV transmission via sexual and drug-related behavior and used thematic analysis methods to code and interpret the data. PrEP interest and motivation were impacted by various factors influencing the decision to consider PrEP initiation or comfort with partner use. Three primary themes emerged: HIV risk perceptions, barriers and facilitators to personal PrEP utilization, and perspectives on PrEP use by sexual partners. Findings suggest courts may provide a venue to offer women PrEP education and HIV risk assessments. Study findings inform public health, substance use, and criminal justice research and practice with justice-involved participants experiencing opioid use disorder on the development of gender-specific PrEP interventions with the ultimate goal of reducing HIV incidence.
Decreased Levels of STAT1 and Interferon-γ–Induced STAT1 Phosphorylation in Rheumatoid Arthritis CD4 and CD8 T Cells

Objective We investigated whether a previously reported association of IFNGR expression with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its radiographic severity reflects differences in proximal interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in T cells from patients with RA compared with healthy controls (HC). Methods Using phosphoflow cytometry, we compared IFN-γ-stimulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations from patients with RA and HC. Results Compared with controls, patients with RA had a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells, associated with expansion of the CD4+ effector memory subset. Several CD4+ T-cell types exhibited reduced IFN-γ-induced phosphoSTAT1Y701 (pSTAT1Y701 ) in patients with RA compared with HC. Engaging the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex on CD4+ T cells during IFN-γ stimulation abrogated the reduction in STAT1 activation in patients with RA but had no effect in HC. The phosphorylation of STAT1S727 was similar in CD4+ T cells from patients with RA and HC. In contrast to CD4+ T cells, IFN-γ-induced pSTAT1Y701 levels in CD8+ T cells were equivalent or higher in patients with RA compared with HC. Total STAT1 levels (phosphorylated + unphosphorylated) were lower in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from patients with RA compared with HC. Conclusion We report diminished IFN-γ-induced pSTAT1Y701 levels in CD4+ T cells in patients with RA, which were restored by TCR engagement. There were lower levels of total STAT1 in patients with RA compared with HC, but this likely does not explain diminished IFN-γ-induced pSTAT1Y701 levels in CD4+ T cells because activation in CD8+ T cells was higher or equivalent to that seen in HC. The enhanced IFNGR expression in patients with RA reported previously may reflect a compensatory mechanism to overcome deficiency in IFN-γ responsiveness.
Navigating public health clinical placements for rural online RN-BSN students

Purpose: In rural settings scare public health resources potentially limits the opportunities for nursing students living in these areas to participate in traditional one to one precepted experiences with public health agencies. To meet the revised Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Standards related to direct clinical practice, creative strategies are needed for online degree seeking RN-BSN students who live in rural areas. This article explores an alternative learning experience by partnering students with a nonprofit healthcare institute to work on state health initiatives in the geographic region where the students reside. Process: In the absence of adequate opportunities for one to one precepted clinical experiences, student living in rural areas completing an online RN-BS program were partnered with a non-profit health organization. The students participate in an experiential learning experience to fulfill clinical hours in a public health setting as required by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. In this case a cohort of students worked with a nonprofit healthcare institute on New York State’s T-21 campaign to further advance their knowledge on health initiatives driven by state health reform policy and actively participate community-based education. Conclusion: With a growing focus on population-based care and caring for vulnerable populations, particularly in rural areas, seeking clinical activities through partnerships with non-profit healthcare institute to improve health outcomes at the community level offers an alternative approach to engaging online degree seeking RN-BSN students in experiential clinical learning in communities with limited public health agency placements. Keywords: interprofessional learning, nursing accreditation, rural nursing students, service-learning pedagogy DOI: https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.664
Designing Social Media Fundraising Messages: An Experimental Approach to Understanding How Message Concreteness and Framing Influence Donation Intentions:

This experiment examined the effects of fundraising message characteristics on donation intentions through a simulated social media campaign. A 2 (abstract vs. concrete message) × 2 (gain vs. loss ...