cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Encounter-based noise cancelation for cooperative trajectory mapping

Cooperative trajectory mapping is an emerging technique that allows users to create a map by using data collected from each participant's mobile phones. Unlike the traditional localization problem, where GPS is usually required, cooperative mapping only requires information about the relative distance and direction from the previously reported position. In this paper, we consider the problem of measurement error, which is when the measurement error causes the spatial relations among users to be wrong, in cooperative trajectory mapping. We propose an encounter-based error canceling algorithm to efficiently reduce measurement errors. Extensive simulation experiments are performed to validate our solutions.
Information-Processing by Pigeons

Two pigeons matched to sample on the basis of color or line orientation when a sample consisted of a value for each stimulus dimension or a value for only one dimension. When the duration of the sample stimulus was varied to maintain constant performance, compound stimuli required more time than single elements.
Preoperative and Postoperative Sagittal Plane Hip Kinematics in Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement During Level Walking

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been linked to osteoarthritis. Treatment options range from nonoperative to operative, and current outcome measures are generally subjective or not conducted under actual activities of daily living. Thus, there is a need for the use of motion capture techniques to quantitatively assess the outcome of surgical intervention for those treated for FAI.Hypothesis: The gait of FAI patients 1 year after operative treatment (arthroscopic hip reshaping) will be significantly closer to the normal range and pattern of hip flexion motion, relative to pretreatment.Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods: Eleven patients between 18 and 44 years of age with diagnosed FAI were enrolled in this study. Kinematics and kinetics for this group of patients were collected using motion capture techniques before arthroscopic bone-reshaping surgery and again 1 year after surgery. Pain and perceived activity level (Tegner scale) were also collected. All collected da...
Mathematics and Maxwell's equations

The universality of mathematics and Maxwell's equations is not shared by specific plasma models. Computations become more reliable, efficient and transparent if specific plasma models are used to obtain only the information that would otherwise be missing. Constraints of high universality, such as those from mathematics and Maxwell's equations, can be obscured or lost by integrated computations. Recognition of subtle constraints of high universality is important for (1) focusing the design of control systems for magnetic field errors in tokamaks from perturbations that have little effect on the plasma to those that do, (2) clarifying the limits of applicability to astrophysics of computations of magnetic reconnection in fields that have a double periodicity or have on a surface, as in a Harris sheet. Both require a degree of symmetry not expected in natural systems. Mathematics and Maxwell's equations imply that neighboring magnetic field lines characteristically separate exponentially with distance along a line. This remarkably universal phenomenon has been largely ignored, though it defines a trigger for reconnection through a critical magnitude of exponentiation. These and other examples of the importance of making distinctions and understanding constraints of high universality are explained.
Spatially multiplexed composite filters for optical pattern recognition

A new class of composite filters is proposed. This class of filters can be used in optical correlator based recognition systems. It introduces a novel approach for rotation and scale invariant systems. Also it can be used to improve power throughput without sacrificing the signal-to-ratio in optical correlators based on complex matched filters.
Reconfiguration of VLSI/WSI mesh array processors with two-level redundancy

Reconfiguration schemes for replacing faulty cells (processing elements) with spare cells are introduced for massive parallel rectangular mesh array processors with fine-grained cells. The authors introduce the concept of two-level redundancy as an effective way of using redundant units to reduce the complexity of reconfiguration control circuitry, to limit the length of connecting wires after reconfiguration, and to increase the manufacturing yield and the operation reliability. An optimization technique for allocating the redundant cells into both levels is presented. The operational reliability and manufacturing yield of arrays with two-level redundancy are presented. The yield estimation problem is modeled by an occupancy problem in classical combinatorial analysis. Both distributed and clustered defects are taken into consideration in the yield estimation. >
Using a natural language generation approach to document simulation results

Simulation experiments generate large data sets that must be converted into recommendations for decision makers. This article explores using a Natural Language Generation (NLG) approach for writing summaries of simulation experiments. The article discusses the steps required to convert simulation experiment data to text and highlights the unique aspects of data to text for simulation experiments. Automation of report generation can potentially reduce the time and cost of simulation studies and improve the reporting of results. A prototype software system was developed and applied to a simulation to illustrate the benefits of a NLG approach.
Aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and prolactin changes during the lifespan of chronically and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which develop hypertension spontaneously with maturation, were autopsied at select time intervals from weaning to 28 months. Their blood pressure began to rise steeply at 4–5 weeks, reaching a zenith of 180–240 mm Hg after 4 months. Elevated blood pressures were maintained in both sexes. After 20 months, the male SHR began to die of myocardial infarction and hypotensive crisis. Heart and adrenal gland weight increased progressively not only during the phase of rapidly rising blood pressure but also during the period of plateaued but sustained high blood pressure. RIA of plasma levels of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, and PRL, under both quiescent and mildly stressful conditions, demonstrated that the pituitaryadrenal axis of SHR progressively increases its propensity to respond to stress with maturation. This capacity to respond to stress was maintained despite the severe high blood pressure and the attainment of relative old age, i...
An implicit boundary element solution with consistent linearization for free surface flows and non‐linear fluid–structure interaction of floating bodies

In this work, a new comprehensive method has been developed which enables the solution of large, non-linear motions of rigid bodies in a fluid with a free surface. The application of the modern Eulerian–Lagrangian approach has been translated into an implicit time-integration formulation, a development which enables the use of larger time steps (where accuracy requirements allow it). Novel features of this project include: (1) an implicit formulation of the rigid-body motion in a fluid with a free surface valid for both two or three dimensions and several moving bodies; (2) a complete formulation and solution of the initial conditions; (3) a fully consistent (exact) linearization for free surface flows valid for any boundary elements such that optimal convergence properties are obtained when using a Newton–Raphson solver. The proposed framework has been completed with details on implementation issues referring mainly to the computation of the complete initial conditions and the consistent linearization of the formulation for free surface flows. The second part of the paper demonstrates the mathematical and numerical formulation through numerical results simulating large free surface flows and non-linear fluid structure interaction. The implicit formulation using a fully consistent linearization based on the boundary element method and the generalized trapezoidal rule has been applied to the solution of free surface flows for the evolution of a triangular wave, the generation of tsunamis and the propagation of a wave up to overturning. Fluid–structure interaction examples include the free and forced motion of a circular cylinder and the sway, heave and roll motion of a U-shaped body in a tank with a flap wave generator. The presented examples demonstrate the applicability and performance of the implicit scheme with consistent linearization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
Symmetry, homology, and phrasing in the recognition of helical regulatory sequences in DNA

Regulatory regions in DNA which have been sequenced have generally been found to contain one or more axes of two-fold rotational symmetry. If this symmetry is to be maintained in the helical sequence, the axis of rotation must be aligned with one of the two dyad axes of the helix. This is equivalent to saying that the rotational symmetry of the sequence can only be seen from certain viewing points in a circuit about the helix. More surprising is the fact that new symmetrical sequence arrangements can be seen at +/- 36 degrees, +/- 72 degrees, +/- 108 degrees, and +/- 144 degrees relative to the point at which the rotational symmetry is seen. This "amplification" of symmetry suggests a three-dimensional approach to sequence analysis. A specific reading frame, suggested by the geometry of the helix, is examined with regard to its elucidation of intra- and inter-sequence homologies. Two sequences are thus identified as being recurrent in a number of different regulatory sequences.
The effects of hematocrit, shear rate, and turbulence on ultrasonic Doppler spectrum from blood

Previous studies of ultrasonic scattering properties of blood using a pulse-echo experimental arrangement show that ultrasonic backscatter from blood is influenced by a number of factors, including hematocrit, shear rate, and the nature of flow. Since the Doppler frequency spectrum from a Doppler flowmeter is derived from echoes backscattered by red blood cells in the flowing blood, it is also undoubtedly a function of these parameters. The effects of these parameters on Doppler spectrum from blood have been investigated using a pulsed Doppler flowmeter. The results agree well with those obtained in previous studies. One important conclusion of this study is that the assumption that the Doppler spectral power density at a frequency in the Doppler spectrum is linearly proportional to the number of red cells flowing at that velocity used in many theoretical models developed to explain the Doppler phenomenon may be erroneous. An alternative is proposed. It is shown that conclusions derived from these theoretical models would remain valid by making this assumption. >
Breast Tumor Localization Using Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic-Neural Algorithm

Many impalpable or occult breast cancers cannot be localized using imaging techniques like mam- mography and ultrasound. An accurate localization of the tumor is, however, essential to guide the surgeon to the lesion, and ensure its correct and adequate removal with satisfactory excision margins. Current breast tumor localization techniques are invasive and often result in a cosmetic disfigurement. In this paper, we use the ultrawide band radar-based microwave breast imaging technique to non-invasively localize (impalpable) tumors in the breast. We consider four clinically important lesion features: location, size, depth and spatial orientation within the breast. A comparison of the energy of the received signal from healthy and cancerous breasts exhibits some remarkable differences in some frequency bands. We, therefore, use the energy spectrum of the receiving antenna signal decomposed by wavelet transform as the input to a Simultaneous Perturbation Neural Network (SPNN) classifier. Fur- thermore, we determine the optimum structure and gains of the SPNN, in terms of optimum initial weights and optimum number of nodes in the hidden layer. We use CST Microwave Studio to simulate a data set of 1024 cancer cases with various tumor location, size, depth and direction inside the breast. Our results show that the proposed algorithm gives accurate localization of the breast lesion, and possesses a high sensitivity to small tumor sizes. Additionally, it can accurately detect and classify multiple tumors with short learning and testing time.
Eco-Friendly Freight Signal Priority using connected vehicle technology: A multi-agent systems approach

This paper introduces a multi-agent systems (MAS) based freight signal priority algorithm with the stated goal of reducing network-wide energy and emissions. The proposed infrastructure and communication protocol is highly flexible in that it can be applied to multiple measures of effectiveness (MOEs) such as energy, emissions, travel delay, or any combination. Furthermore, the adaptive nature of the optimized signal control ensures extension to multiple arterial intersections. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and evaluated on an isolated intersection in the microscopic simulation environment. The results indicate that the application of the proposed Eco-Friendly Freight Signal Priority algorithm improves upon traditional traffic signal priority by providing fuel and travel time savings to both freight and non-freight traffic.
A framework for personalized medicine: prediction of drug sensitivity in cancer by proteomic profiling.

Background The goal of personalized medicine is to provide patients optimal drug screening and treatment based on individual genomic or proteomic profiles. Reverse-Phase Protein Array (RPPA) technology offers proteomic information of cancer patients which may be directly related to drug sensitivity. For cancer patients with different drug sensitivity, the proteomic profiling reveals important pathophysiologic information which can be used to predict chemotherapy responses.
On a classification of gradient shrinking solitons

The main purpose of this article is to provide an alternate proof to a result of Perelman on gradient shrinking solitons. Moreover in dimension three our proof generalizes Perelman's result by removing the $\kappa$-non-collapsing assumption and allowing general curvature growth. The method also allows us to prove a classification result on gradient shrinking solitons with vanishing Weyl curvature tensor in high dimensions, which includes the rotationally symmetric ones.
Dual-Polarized Hexaferrite Antenna for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Applications

An antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wireless communication requires reliable communication, small size, and light weight. Therefore, dual-polarization and dipole-like radiation characteristics are desired to avoid discontinuous communication. In this letter, we demonstrate that a planar dual-polarized Co $_{2}$ Z hexaferrite antenna is applicable for UAV wireless communication. In order to reduce the size of antenna, Co $_{2}$ Z hexaferrite substrates were used. Furthermore, ground plane and feedline were designed to achieve good isolation, which is an important factor to realize a dual-polarized antenna.
The role of sperm creatine kinase in the assessment of male fertility

The lack of reliable methods to assess sperm fertilizing potential has been a long-standing problem for infertile couples and for their physicians. The most widely used tests, the measurements of sperm concentrations, motility, velocity and morphology in the ejaculate, are of limited utility. Indeed, following intrauterine insemination, a treatment that compensates for low motile sperm concentrations, there were no significant differences found in semen parameters among those who did or did not achieve pregnancies. Other available assays probing for selected sperm functions, such as membrane integrity, acrosome enzyme activity, bovine cervical mucus penetration test, zona-free hamster oocyte penetration test and sperm binding to various carbohydrates,10–13 have all failed thus far to consistently predict male fertility. It became increasingly obvious that there was a need to identify cellular markers of sperm quality and fertilizing potential.
Lack of an association between polymorphisms of the T-cell receptor α-chain and ulcerative colitis

It was recently reported that, using a T-cell receptor alpha-chain complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe (pGA5) and the restriction enzyme Eco RV, a 10-kilobase restriction fragment length polymorphism was detected significantly more frequently in patients with ulcerative colitis than in patients with Crohn's disease and controls. This finding had great potential importance, as no gene marker had previously been found to be strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, an attempt to confirm it in an independent laboratory and patient population has been made in this study. Thirty patients with ulcerative colitis, 30 with Crohn's disease, and 30 healthy control subjects were studied using the Eco RV restriction enzyme and the same T-cell receptor alpha-chain complementary deoxyribonucleic acid probe as was used in the prior report. No 10-kilobase fragment or any other polymorphism using this probe-enzyme combination was found in any of the individuals studied. Polymorphisms were observed with the restriction enzyme Bgl II, but their frequencies did not distinguish between cases and controls. Therefore, there is as yet no evidence for an association between polymorphisms of Eco RV-digested genomic DNA probed with the pGA5 T-cell receptor alpha-chain complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and the predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease.
Increased amino acid oxidation in the gills of blue crabs acclimated to dilute seawater

Substrate oxidation was measured in the gills of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, acclimated to different salinities. The oxidation rates for glucose and the four major amino acids of hemolymph were about twice as great in the gills from crabs acclimated to 17%0 seawater relative to the gills from crabs acclimated to full-strength, 35%0 seawater. Alanine oxidation contributed about 36% to the total CO2 released from amino acid oxidation. Alanine was also deaminated and released into the medium as α-keto acids. Both alanine oxidation and α-keto acid formation were concentration dependent and did not appear to reach saturation within physiological concentrations. However, the rates of amino acid oxidation were not sufficient to explain the efflux of NH4+ in excised gills.
Experimental studies on a new lethal trait in Mexican axolotls of the Wistar Institute white strain

An additional lethal gene (y) in white Mexican axolotls of the Wistar Institute stock, first discovered in 1965, is believed to have arisen by mutation only two generations earlier. Larvae homozygous for y develop normally for about two weeks after hatching, and become recognizable at that time by the cessation of growth in the forelimbs. Death occurs at the age of five to seven weeks. Experimental studies (transplantation, parabiosis) suggest that gene y deter- mines metabolic deficiencies in all cells of the embryo. Forelimb transplants produce limbs which cease growth and differentiation and persist as short stumps which, even though partially replaced by host tissues, lack capacity for normal differentiation or for regeneration after amputation. Transplants including Wolffian duct and the primordia of gonad and mesonephros produce non-functional mesonephric tubules and gonads in which the germ cells degenerate and disappear. In parabiosis with a normal cotwin a mutant larva may be kept alive for several months but shows extensive degeneration and disappearance of muscle fibers, and eventual loss of gastrointestinal epithelium and glands, gonads, and mesonephros. The growth of the normal cotwin is greatly inhibited, probably because its vital organs are overburdened as those of its lethal partner cease to function. Only one pair reached the age of six months, with the normal member attaining a length of only 25 mm, one-fourth or less the length of normal larvae of that age.
Launch to space with an electromagnetic railgun

Many advances in electromagnetic (EM) railgun and power supply technology have been made in recent years. Laboratory experiments with railguns have demonstrated muzzle velocities of 2-3 km/s and muzzle energies >8 MJ. The extension of this technology to the muzzle velocities (/spl ges/7500 m/s) and energies (/spl ges/10 GJ) needed for the direct launch of payloads into orbit is very challenging, but may not be impossible. For launch to orbit, even long launchers (>1000 m) would need to operate at accelerations >1000 gees to reach the required velocities, so that it would only be possible to launch rugged payloads, such as fuel, water, and material. A railgun system concept is described here and technology development issues are identified. Estimated launch costs could be attractively low ( $20 000/kg), provided that acceptable launch rates can be achieved. Further evaluations are needed to establish the technical and economic feasibility with confidence.
Improved heterogeneous distance functions

Instance-based learning techniques typically handle continuous and linear input values well, but often do not handle nominal input attributes appropriately. The Value Difference Metric (VDM) was designed to find reasonable distance values between nominal attribute values, but it largely ignores continuous attributes, requiring discretization to map continuous values into nominal values. This paper proposes three new heterogeneous distance functions, called the Heterogeneous Value Difference Metric (HVDM), the Interpolated Value Difference Metric (IVDM), and the Windowed Value Difference Metric (WVDM). These new distance functions are designed to handle applications with nominal attributes, continuous attributes, or both. In experiments on 48 applications the new distance metrics achieve higher classification accuracy on average than three previous distance functions on those datasets that have both nominal and continuous attributes.
Bufón y caballero salvaje. A propósito del Dinadan castellano

Hace ya bastante tiempo que una parte de la critica parece que anduviese volcada en la localizacion de subversiones y disidencias. La realidad objeto de juicio se siente como bien conocida: el poder, la tradicion, las estructuras... Muchas veces la pertinencia de estos estudios es incuestionable. En otras habria que hablar mas que nada de una ansiosa voluntad de ver confirmados ciertos deseos. Dado que los textos no son patrimonio de nadie, no hay nada que se pueda objetar a esta ultima actitud. No obstante si seria al menos aconsejable una mayor conciencia de los presupuestos teoricos, o dicho en otras palabras, si por ejemplo se desea eludir el contexto en que surge el objeto digno de analisis, habria paradojicamente que situar ese analisis en las circunstancias que lo determinaron.
In Search of Al Schmid: War Hero, Blinded Veteran, Everyman

During an intense firefight at the Tenaru River on Guadalcanal in August of 1942, Marine Private Al Schmid, a Philadelphia metal worker, shared a machine gun emplacement with two other young Marines: Johnny Rivers, a Native-American from rural Pennsylvania, and Lee Diamond, a Jew from Brooklyn. During many hours of night combat, as wave after wave of Japanese tried unsuccessfully to cross the Tenaru and overwhelm the thin line of American defenders, first Rivers was shot and instantly killed, and then Diamond was severely wounded. Furious over the death of his friend and fighting for his life, Schmid continued to try to ward off the enemy. Toward the end of the battle, which was to prove decisive for securing Guadalcanal, he was wounded by a grenade fragment. One of his eyes was immediately destroyed and the other was greatly damaged. Now sightless, Schmid continued, with what little aid the barely conscious Diamond could provide, to fire the machine gun. Eventually he was credited with killing two hundred Japanese before his position was relieved in the morning. Schmid spent much of the next two years in military hospitals, where unsuccessful efforts were made to save what little sight remained to him, and where he began the process of blind rehabilitation.
Fee versus royalty licensing in a differentiated Cournot duopoly

Abstract This paper studies and compares licensing by means of a fixed-fee and licensing by means of a royalty in a differentiated Cournot duopoly model where one of the firms has a cost-reducing innovation. It is found that licensing by means of a royalty may be superior to licensing by means of a fixed-fee from the viewpoint of the patent-holding firm. However, fixed-fee licensing is always preferred to royalty licensing by consumers.
24-7 Government, the Permanent Campaign, and e-Democracy: Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick’s Interactive Website

In 2006, businessman, political newcomer, and long shot candidate for the governorship of Massachusetts, Deval Patrick ran an innovative, technology savvy, grassroots campaign that secured his place in U.S. history as the second African American to be elected governor of a state. A few months later, his political committee converted his campaign website into a governance vehicle for facilitating dialog with constituents through tools that help them identify and organize around issues of mutual concern. This chapter traces the evolution of the Governor's website through content analysis of its features and functionality, participation rates and website traffic data, reactions of legislators, media and public, and interviews with the site's designer and director of the Governor's political committee. It then considers (1) whether devalpatrick.com exemplifies 'the permanent campaign's' preoccupation with polling, fund-raising, and public posturing; and (2) the extent devalpatrick.com achieves digital democracy's e-participation goals of personalization, feedback and deliberation.
James Baldwin and the Challenge of Ethnic Literature in the Eighties

In any discussion of the literature of ethnic groups or for that matter of the literature of emerging nations, a prominent consideration is the impact of cultural nationalism relating to the aspirations and hopes of such people. I have given a rather lofty title to this paper only to draw attention to what I regard as the lost intensity of the message of the '50s and '60s. James Baldwin, as writer-in-residence at Bowling Green University in the late '70s, was delivering the same message which made him famous, ever since Notes of a Native Son (1955) through Nobody Knows My Name (which was selected by the Notable Books Council of the American Library Association as one of the outstanding books for 1961) to The Fire Next Time (1963) and No Name in the Street (1972). The message is that black people must fight the oppressor for equality and respect but that in so doing they will also help whites to a better way of life. I would also like to frame this discussion on a much larger canvas by referring to the Conference of African Writers and Artists which was held in Paris in the summer of 1956. Baldwin had by then registered his impact on the literary consciousness of the United States and the world with his first novel, Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953). Baldwin also at this time was quite fascinated by the enormous impact that Third World nations were going to have upon the future of any discussion pertaining to culture, nationalism, or literature. In his essay on "Princes and Powers" in the book Nobody Knows My Name, one sees that Baldwin senses the birth of something new, very exciting, and potentially explosive. He realizes that the gathering of eminent poets, scholars, and writers from nations freeing themselves from the colonial yoke meant something far more important than the actual event itself. For one thing it meant that a reordering and a restructuring of the entire value system would not only be discussed but be demanded. The basic philosophies upon which the Western world had built its intellectual domination were sure to be challenged. The conference provided Baldwin almost the perfect backdrop for examining the condition of the black man in the United States in relation to his own position there as the only black representative of the Western world. While he saw at the conference that Africans and Asians were going to
Localization and I A-automorphisms of finitely generated, metabelian, and torsion-free nilpotent groups

Given a nilpotent group G and a prime p, there is a unique p-local group G(p) which is, in some sense, the “best approximation” to G among all p-local nilpotent groups. G(p) is called the p-localization of G. Let IA(G) be the group of automorphisms of G that induce the identity on G/[G, G]. IA(G) turns out to be nilpotent so its p-localization exists. Two groups are said to be in the same localization genus if their p-localizations are isomorphic for all p. We prove that if two finitely generated, torsion-free nilpotent, and metabelian groups lie in the same localization genus, their IA-groups also lie in the same localization genus. The method of proof involves basic sequences and commutator calculus.
Correlating Heat of Adsorption of CO to Reaction Selectivity: Geometric Effects vs Electronic Effects in Neopentane Isomerization over Pt and Pd Catalysts

Silica-supported Pt and Pd nanoparticles from 1 to 10 nm in diameter were evaluated for neopentane conversion (hydrogenolysis and isomerization). Characterization of the catalysts was conducted uti...
Pituitary and plasma growth hormone-like activity after administration of highly purified pig growth hormone-releasing factor.

SummaryThe effect of administration of highly purified pig GH-releasing factor (GRF) on the depletion of pituitary growth hormone (GH) content in recipient rats and levels of plasma GH-like activity were investigated using the tibia test method. It was demonstrated that GRF induced a significant increase in plasma GH-like activity which was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in pituitary GH content. The levels of plasma GH-like activity in recipient rats treated with saline were not detectable (less than 1.25 μg/ml). These results seem to confirm that the “depletion” of pituitary GH content in rats caused by GRF indicates the “release” of GH.
Eugenics lurk in the shadow of CRISPR

![Figure][1] Eugenics on the horizon?PHOTO: LAWRENCE LAWRY / SCIENCE SOURCE IN CALLING THEIR Perspective “A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification” (3 April, p. [36][1]; published online 19 March), D. Baltimore et al. show at once the size of the
Stingray-inspired robot with simply actuated intermediate motion

Batoids, or rays, utilize unique forms of locomotion that may offer more efficient techniques of motorized propulsion in various marine environments. We present a novel biomimetic engineering design and assembly of a stingray-inspired robot swimmer. The robots locomotion mimics the Dasyatis americana, or southern stingray, whose distinction among rays is its intermediate motion, characterized by sweeping strokes that propagate between 1/2-1 wavelength of the fin profile in the posterior direction. Though oscillatory ( wavelengths) ray-based robots have been created, this project demonstrates new engineering possibilities in what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first intermediately propelled batoid-based robot. The robots fins were made of silicone rubber, cast in a 3-D printed mold, with wingspan of 42 cm (1/2 - 1/5 scale for males and females, respectively, scale of model organism). Two anteriorly placed servomotors per fin were used, all controlled by one wirelessly enabled Arduino microcontroller. Each servomotor oscillated a flexible rod with cylindrical joint, whose frequency, speed, and front-back phase delay were user-programmed over wireless connection. During free-swimming tests, the fin profile developed about 0.8 wavelength, qualifying for successful mimicry of its biological inspiration. The robot satisfactorily maintained straight-line motion, reaching average peak velocity of 9.4±1.0 cm/s (0.27−0.03 body lengths/second) at its optimum flapping frequency of 1.4 Hz. This is in the same order of magnitude of speed normalized to body length achieved by others in two recent batoid-based projects. In summary, our robot performed intermediate stingray locomotion with relatively fewer components, which reveals robust potential for innovation of the simple intermediate batoid-based robot swimmer.
Pediatrics in General Practice

For general practitioners, in whose practice is included a major proportion of the medical management of infants and children, and for the specializing pediatrician as well, Postgraduate Medicine presents this special regular department devoted to brief discussions by recognized authorities on their preferred methods of the treatment and management of diseases and problems of infancy and childhood.
Variational Data Assimilation, Optimal Parameter Estimation and Sensitivity Analysis for Environmental Problems

Optimal control theory of partial differential equations [1], [2] has emerged as a new way to attack problem of 4-D atmospheric/oceanic data assimilation problems. These variational techniques attempt to achieve a best fit between data (observations) and forecast model subject to some ‘a priori’ criteria. This review paper presents new trends for utilizing model adjoint equations for variational data assimilation, parameter fitting and sensitivity analysis in general, as applicable to many areas of meteorological, oceanographic and environmental research.
Mapping Disparity in Infant Mortality: Using Technology to Describe the Local Dimensions of Infant Deaths

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important indicator of social development, reflecting the equitable distribution of basic resources. However, use of a single IMR for a large city obscures variations within the city. A low citywide IMR may hide success in reducing infant deaths in some neighborhoods and failures in others. Tools are needed by public health officials and researchers to rapidly and reliably describe infant mortality in small areas within cities. This article presents a case study demonstrating how geographic information systems (GIS) technology can be used to effectively measure and describe infant mortality for census tracts within Cincinnati. The results show that GIS are effective for measuring the wide variation in infant mortality within the city and communicating the spatial relationships using maps. Furthermore, census tracts with IMRs lower and higher than predicted by socioeconomic characteristics can be identified for special attention.
The application of ecological knowledge requires a pursuit of wisdom

Abstract Ian McHarg’s “design with nature” theory contends that designers and planners should employ knowledge generated from a thorough ecological analysis of a place to guide actions. McHarg grounded his theory and methods in the science of ecology and pursued this approach in many projects, including The Woodlands planned community in Texas. While this theory has practical applications for landscape architecture and planning, it is imperative that practitioners and scholars maintain an awareness of changes in the ecology since McHarg's time, notably in landscape ecology, urban ecology, and ecosystem services.
In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy He+ implantation and thermal aging of nanocrystalline iron

Abstract The high density of interfaces in nanostructured materials are hypothesized to improve radiation tolerance compared to coarse-grained materials. In order to investigate the roles of vacancies, self-interstitials, and helium, both room temperature in situ TEM He+ implantation and annealing, as well as high temperature He+ implantation was performed on nanocrystalline iron. Dislocation loops are formed by the accumulation of mobile point defects rather than by displacement cascades at intermediate temperatures. Around 600 °C, loops disappeared through gradual shrinking, which is hypothesized to correspond to the annihilation of self-interstitial atoms by mobile vacancies that also resulted in cavity formation. The room temperature implantation resulted in cavities evenly distributed throughout the grain after annealing, whereas cavities were predominately observed at grain boundaries for the elevated temperature implantation. This difference is associated with the formation of stable helium-vacancy complexes in the grains during room temperature implantation, which is not present during high temperature implantation.
An innovative approach to dynamic platform and thermal management for Mobile platforms

Modern Mobile platforms are increasingly complex in terms of power management feature set with the advent of Turbo Boost Technology and other features. Trend has been to develop advanced methodologies related to power and thermal management, adaptive fan speed technologies, optimal power sharing etc. Managing these technologies in an optimized and coordinated manner is becoming increasingly complex if they exist independent of each other on the same platform. In this paper we discuss and investigate an efficient and innovative approach in the form of Dynamic Platform and Thermal Framework (DPTF) to solve complex power and thermal management issues on a computing platform. This technology uses software and hardware touch points that allows quick and efficient deployment of sophisticated power and thermal management solutions on Intel Mobile platforms. We explain the benefits of DPTF using a platform level thermal management solution called Dynamic Power Performance Management (DPPM) highlighting the benefits of DPPM. We also discuss standardized hardware interfaces for easier and efficient accessibility to power and thermal features of a device.
The new ANSI nail gun standard: A lost opportunity for safety

Pneumatic nail guns have been shown in published studies to cause injury and death to both workers and consumers, but those equipped with sequential trigger mechanisms provide much greater safety protection against unintentional discharge than those equipped with contact triggers. In 2015 the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approved a revision to its 2002 nail gun standard, but failed to require sequential triggers. Substantive and procedural deficiencies in the ANSI standard's development process resulted in a scientifically unsound nail gun safety standard, detracting from its use as the basis for a mandatory national safety standard and ultimately from its ability to protect worker and consumer users. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:147-151, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The need for non- or minimally-invasive biomonitoring strategies and the development of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic models for quantification

Abstract Advancements in Exposure Science involving the development and deployment of biomarkers of exposure and biological response are anticipated to significantly (and positively) influence health outcomes associated with occupational, environmental and clinical exposure to chemicals/drugs. To achieve this vision, innovative strategies are needed to develop multiplex sensor platforms capable of quantifying individual and mixed exposures (i.e. systemic dose) by measuring biomarkers of dose and biological response in readily obtainable (non-invasive) biofluids. Secondly, the use of saliva (alternative to blood) for biomonitoring coupled with the ability to rapidly analyze multiple samples in real-time offers an innovative opportunity to revolutionize biomonitoring assessments. In this regard, the timing and number of samples taken for biomonitoring will not be limited as is currently the case. In addition, real-time analysis will facilitate identification of work practices or conditions that are contributing to increased exposures and will make possible a more rapid and successful intervention strategy. The initial development and application of computational models for evaluation of saliva/blood analyte concentration at anticipated exposure levels represents an important opportunity to establish the limits of quantification and robustness of multiplex sensor systems by exploiting a unique computational modeling framework. The use of these pharmacokinetic models will also enable prediction of an exposure dose based on the saliva/blood measurement. This novel strategy will result in a more accurate prediction of exposures and, once validated, can be employed to assess dosimetry to a broad range of chemicals in support of biomonitoring and epidemiology studies.
Process Evaluation of FoodMASTER Middle Grades: An Integrative Approach to Nutrition Education in the Science Classroom.

Objective Considering current adolescent obesity rates and the lack of previous intervention effects, our purpose was to utilize process evaluation techniques to help researchers identify intervention limitations for targeted programming. Methods During the 2013-2014 academic year, 9 8th grade science teachers implemented the FoodMASTER Middle Grades (FMM) science curriculum. Researchers used classroom observations, formative and summative written feedback, and structured interviews to inform the fidelity, dose received, dose delivered, and context of curricular implementation. Results Teachers reported that class size and time restraints were primary barriers to implementation. Primary facilitators included student enjoyment, standard alignment, ease of instructions, and professional development training experience. Conclusions Overall, FMM was feasible for implementation in middle school science classrooms as an integrated science curriculum.
The effect of pulse length on perfusion kinetics following sonoreperfusion therapy

Microembolization during PCI for acute myocardial infarction can cause microvascular obstruction (MVO). MVO severely limits the success of reperfusion therapies and is linked to worse prognosis, including death. A recent clinical trial showed that adjunct short pulse MB+US therapy prior to and following PCI in first STEMI patients, improved angiographic recanalization prior to PCI and ejection fraction at 1 month (Mathias et al. JACC. 2016;67:2506-15). This study demonstrated the clinical potential of short pulse high mechanical index MB+US as an adjunct therapy for STEMI. Based on our historical success with using long tone burst US for sonoreperfusion (SRP) therapy in a rat hindlimb model of MVO (Pacella et al. UMB. 2015;41:456-64), we sought to compare the use of short (5 cycles) and long (5000 cycles) US pulsing schemes for SRP.
Performance and Carcass Traits of Market Beef Cattle Supplemented Self-Fed Byproducts on Pasture: A Progress Report

Introduction Due to rising costs of conventional feedstuffs, more focus has been put on feeding byproducts from ethanol production or further processing of grains. The effects of using these feedstuffs on live animal performance, carcass traits, and the economic benefits are still under investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding combinations of self-fed byproducts and corn grain to yearling cattle on grazing pasture on their growth and carcass traits.
Legal Entrepreneurship within Alternative Systems of Political Economy

Entrepreneurship is present in all economic systems. It is the source of change in society. While entrepreneurship is ubiquitous, its particular qualities depend on the system of political economy in which it occurs. A system of political economy can be conceptualized as entailing interaction among market, political, and legal sub-systems. This paper focuses on legal entrepreneurship, recognizing that the three sub-systems are interdependent. As a formal matter, all entrepreneurship is activated by a search for gain. As a substantive matter, the content of entrepreneurial action will differ depending on the system of political economy in which it occurs. This paper compares the substantive qualities of legal entrepreneurship in common law tradition within systems of liberal democracy and social democracy.
The use of anther-derived haploids in Nicotiana

Immature anthers from monosomic Nicotiana tabacum L. (“Purpurea”) plants were cultured on a chemically defined agar medium. Plantlets obtained from these anthers were transferred first to a rooting media and subsequently to soil in greenhouse pots. Six nullihaploid plant types have been isolated, two of which have been positively identified as nullihaploids C and E. Chromosome numbers (n−1=23) were verified somatically from root tip and corolla tissues and meiotically by observing PMC's at metaphase I. The chromosome number was doubled in one of the lines by culturing leaf midvein tissue on a modified anther culture media. The nullisomic chromosome number (2n−2=46) was determined in root tips, and the nullisomic condition of 23 bivalents was observed in metaphase I PMC's.
Remarks on Pisano: “toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities”

Author(s): Linden, G; Teece, DJ | Abstract: Pisano's recent ICC article offers some clarity around the pursuit and development of new capabilities, but it overreaches by equating this with dynamic capabilities as a whole. The capabilities that he discusses are, for the most part, simply technologies that can be thought of as "ordinary capabilities". Moreover, his approach isolates capability selection from strategy. Opportunities must be sensed and calibrated and a strategy developed before capability gaps can be identified. Pisano also treats general-purpose capabilities as an option without acknowledging their dependence on the stage of the industry lifecycle. In mature industries, general-purpose technologies are less likely to be relevant. While there is much of value in Pisano's article about technology selection and risk, this is overshadowed by the claims he makes for the magnitude of the article's contribution to dynamic capabilities research.
Ongoing Professional Practice Evaluation of Radiologists: Strategies and Tools for Simplifying a Complex Process

The Joint Commission, our major accreditation organization, requires that all physicians who have been granted privileges at an organization must undergo evaluation of and collect data relating to their performance, to make the decisions of privileging more objective and continuous by that organization. For radiologists, this so-called ongoing professional practice evaluation (OPPE) can be assessed by using the six general core competencies. These competencies were initially developed for graduate medical education and defined by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and have now been expanded to provide a general framework for defining categories of data to be collected in assessing the performance of practicing radiologists. Within each core competency, various radiology-relevant metrics exist that can be measured to fulfill the OPPE requirements. Each radiology department can determine the specific type of data to be collected, including determining what items are defined as acceptable performance metrics, what data or outcomes require further monitoring, and what specific data or data trends would trigger the need for an additional focused and more thorough professional practice evaluation, also known as a focused professional practice evaluation (FPPE). ©RSNA, 2018.