cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Psychodynamic Perspective on the Efficacy of 12-Step Programs

The author reviews recent developments in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theory and practice and their applications to understanding and treating addicted individuals. Emphasis is placed on experience near, more interactive, and empathic approaches stressing structural, self-psychology, object relations, and attachment theory in contrast to early classical psychoanalytic models that were impassive, detached, and more strictly interpretive in their methods. The contemporary models are adopted to explain and provide a basis for explaining how and why Alcoholics Anonymous works. From this perspective, addiction is understood as a self-regulation disorder involving difficulties in regulating emotions, self-esteem, relationships, and behavior and how the working of AA address and correct these vulnerabilities.
Endogenous sex hormones and cognitive function in older women

Abstract Introduction We examined the association between endogenous sex hormones and both objective and subjective measures of cognitive function. Methods We followed 3044 women up to 23 years in a prospective cohort study. We measured plasma levels of estrone, estrone sulfate, estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) in 1989–1990, conducted neuropsychologic testing in 1999–2008, and inquired about subjective cognition in 2012. Results Overall, we observed little relation between plasma levels of hormones and either neuropsychologic test performance or subjective cognition. However, after adjustment for age and education, we observed a borderline significant association of higher levels of plasma estrone with higher scores for both overall cognition ( P trend = .10) and verbal memory ( P trend = .08). Discussion There were no clear associations of endogenous hormone levels at midlife and cognition in later life, although a suggested finding of higher levels of plasma estrone associated with better cognitive function merits further research.
Use of contingent-interrupted music in the treatment of disruptive behavior while riding a bus.

Control of disruptive crying and head-banging by a severely retarded child during a bus ride was obtained in 28 days using contingent-interrupted music.
AN ALARMING TREND: CHANGE IN RISK PROFILE OF PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION OVER THE LAST TWO DECADES

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality around the world. We sought to study changes in risk profile of patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We retrospectively studied all patients presenting with STEMI to our center between 1995 & 2014. Patients
Precision Velocity Measurements of Fission Fragments Using the SPIDER Detector

Abstract The SPectrometer for Ion DEtermination in fission Research (SPIDER) measures both position and time-of-flight (TOF) of charged particles using a system of thin carbon foils, electrostatic mirrors, microchannel plates, delay-line anodes, and a fast TDC. Tests have been conducted using 229Th and the alpha emitters in its decay chain. To date, timing resolution of 200 ps (FWHM) has been achieved corresponding to roughly 0.5% uncertainty in velocity measurements of fission fragments over a flight path of 52.1 cm. This velocity resolution, in combination with demonstrated fragment energy resolution is sufficient for 1 amu resolution of light mass fragments.
Primary hyperparathyroidism with parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma in a single gland.

The simultaneous finding of parathyroid hyperplasia and adenoma in 1 parathyroid gland has been reported in a few cases of combined primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism,' ' 10, 15 but such a histologic picture in uncomplicated primary hyperparathyroidism has not been previously reported. This paper presents the first known case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient in whom a well encapsulated adenomatous nodule was found within the substance of 1 of 3 hyperplastic parathyroid glands removed.
Refining paleoaltimetry reconstructions of the Sierra Nevada, California, using air parcel trajectories

Stable isotope paleoaltimetry studies often implicitly assume that atmospheric flow interactions with topography can be simply modeled as a Rayleigh distillation process in which air parcels consistently ascend topographic barriers. We present a modern (A.D. 1979–2010) air parcel trajectory analysis using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model that shows that this fundamental assumption is often violated in the Sierra Nevada region of the western United States. Observed trajectory patterns and scaling calculations indicate that windward orographic blocking frequently occurs when trajectories encounter high elevations (>2.5 km) in the central and southern Sierra Nevada. As a result, trajectories reaching the Sierran lee commonly travel around, rather than over, the highest range elevations. Redirection effects are particularly pronounced at leeward sites distal (>150 km) to the Sierran crest, but are also evident in trajectory patterns in the northern Sierra Nevada. This trajectory analysis improves the interpretability of regional meteoric water and proxy isotopic records and has particular relevance to stable isotope–based reconstructions of Sierran paleoelevations. Specifically, stable isotope methods alone provide only limited insight into the elevation history of the Sierra Nevada and are likely insufficient to resolve proposed late Cenozoic elevation gains on the order of 1–2 km that may have raised the Sierra to its modern elevations.
Dysfunction of the belch reflex: A cause of incapacitating chest pain

We report a 25-yr-old woman who suffered incapacitating chest pain caused by upper esophageal sphincter (UES) dysfunction. She presented with a long history of severe episodic chest pain associated with gurgling noises in her chest and was unable to belch despite feeling a need to do so during pain episodes. Fluoroscopic and manometric studies confirmed that the patient's chest pain and gurgling noise were associated with dysfunction of the belch reflex. Although reflux of gas from the stomach into the esophageal body occurred normally, the extreme esophageal distention resulting from the gas reflux failed to trigger UES relaxation. Consequently, there was no venting of gas across the UES. The gurgling noise was caused by the gastroesophageal reflux of gas and the pain was associated with profound esophageal distention. A manometric study of the UES revealed absent or incomplete UES relaxation in response to abrupt esophageal distention by gastroesophageal gas reflux, so that the nadir of UES pressure always exceeded esophageal body pressure. The distended esophagus was repeatedly cleared by secondary peristalsis. To our knowledge this is the first description of chest pain caused by dysfunction of the belch reflex. We speculate that the mechanism described in this patient may account for a subgroup of patients with "chest pain of esophageal origin."
Elastic properties of common Gay–Berne nematogens from density of states (DOS) simulations

ABSTRACTA free energy perturbation method is used to systematically study the elastic properties of four common Gay–Berne nematogenic models; two with a length-to-diameter ratio κ = 3 [(3, 5, 1, 2) and (3, 5, 1, 3)], a model with κ = 4.4 parameterised for p-terphenyl (4.4, 20, 1, 1), and a discogen with κ = 0.345 (0.345, 0.2, 1, 2). In accordance with previous measurements, we find that for κ = 3, models, . We additionally find the latter two models in particular accurately capture the experimentally measured elastic ratios in apolar achiral systems. The (4.4, 20, 1, 1) model reproduces the elastic constant ratios of p-azoxyanisole remarkably well, and maps to within 30% of the absolute. The (0.345, 0.2, 1, 2) model elastic constants exhibit an unusual temperature dependence similar to recent experimental studies. Here we find , in line with theoretical predictions. All models deviate from the mean-field expectation kii ∝ S2. These results represent a crucial first step towards quantitatively accurate coa...
When Women’s Gains Equal Men’s Losses: Predicting a Zero-Sum Perspective of Gender Status

Believing that reduced discrimination against women directly corresponds to increased discrimination against men, referred to as a zero-sum perspective (ZSP), may inhibit further attempts toward gender equality. Based on a sample of 313 men and women, we developed and tested both a general measure and a domain-specific measure of the ZSP of gender status then examined sociodemographics (age, education, political orientation, religious beliefs, and past experience with discrimination) and social dominance orientation as predictors of the ZSP of shifts in gender status. Hostile and modern sexism were examined as potential mediators of this relationship. Structural equation models were computed to examine predictive paths separately for men and women. Although some similarities were found, results showed important differences in predictive paths for women and men, and supported the expected mediating role of sexism in the relationships between sociodemographic predictors and the ZSP. Findings have implications for targeting intervention efforts to enhance a win-win or non-zero-sum perspective that may facilitate efforts toward reducing gender discrimination.
VCSEL for Metro Communications

Publisher Summary Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are generally employed as low–cost sources in local area networks at 850 nm and are considered as key optical sources in optical communications. Their cost advantage results from the ease of coupling to fiber and the ability to do wafer-scale testing to eliminate bad devices. The recent advances of long-wavelength VCSELs, with emission wavelength ranging from 1.3 to 1.6 micron for single–mode fiber telecommunication applications have been focused in the chapter. It also discuses key device parameters that impact transmission performance. It is noted that the monolithic integration of MEMS and VCSEL successfully combines the best of both devices and leads to superior performance in tunable lasers. The tunable cantilever VCSELs are widely tunable and can be directly modulated at high data rates. They exhibit a simple monotonic tuning curve for easy wavelength locking and can be effectively batch processed and tested. Tunable lasers can dramatically reduce the system and operating costs and increase the degree of connectivity and reconfigurability.
Structural Modelling of Disordered Semiconductors

Fundamental understanding of the properties of any solid system requires that we know the atoms involved and their arrangement in space. Dr. Chaudhari’s and Dr. Graczyk’s lectures describe the extent to which this can be done through experimental measurements. Thus the gross or average, chemical composition can be determined by standard chemical methods, and the local composition on a scale of microns by techniques such as the electron microprobe analyzer. Optical and electron microscopy may be used to study the macroscopic arrangement of phases and the material interconnecting them. X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction examine the microscopic atomic arrangement, expressing the result in terms of radial distribution functions and parameters deducible from them. Small-angle X-ray or electron scattering, electron spin resonance associated with uncompensated bonds at defects, nuclear magnetic resonance and its fine structure, infrared absorption and Raman scattering caused by the vibration of defect-impurity complexes are among the experimental methods invoked to yield indirect but often powerful evidence about local defects and therefore also about the underlying structure.
Using a Virtual Journal Club for Sharing Evidence-Based Practice Recommendations in Critical Care Registered Nurses

Abstract Objective Registered nurses must remain current with evidence-based practice knowledge to meet job demands in an evolving health care climate. This pilot study's purpose was to investigate a virtual journal club's effect on satisfaction, knowledge, and practice. Background On-line learning is used to convey information while meeting diverse learner needs, and journal clubs are used to disseminate and discuss evidence-based practice knowledge. Combining the 2 concepts into a virtual journal club creates an opportunity to meet learner needs while discussing information that promotes evidence-based practice knowledge and implementation. Setting/Population Sixteen critical care nurses from one midwestern teaching hospital's intensive care unit. Methodology Researchers used the Kirkpatrick Learning Evaluation Model in a 4-week-long, mixed methods pilot study. Researchers presented 1 article about sepsis in an on-line discussion forum. Nurses took a pretest before participation and a Likert-type satisfaction survey and posttest after participation. Two weeks following journal club participation, researchers sent participants e-mails asking if/how nurses applied knowledge to practice. Researchers analyzed pre−/posttest results using McNemar's Test. Results Sixteen nurses actively participated. Ten nurses took satisfaction surveys, choosing mostly 4 s ( agree ) and 5 s ( strongly agree ), reflecting statistically significant satisfaction. Sixteen nurses took pre- and posttests and demonstrated improvement in knowledge; however, only answers to 2 questions demonstrated statistically significant improvement. Eight nurses responded to the evaluation surveys with comments surrounding increased confidence in caring for septic patients and increased awareness of symptomology, testing, and treatments. Two nurses noted that their practice was not impacted by participation. Practice Implications Choose relevant articles and make hard copies of the article available for easy access. The virtual journal club discussion forum should promote ease of use and be moderated by someone well positioned to participate frequently and knowledgably. In addition, consider offering continuing education credits to encourage participation.
Profiles of Merit Pay Provisions in Ohio School Districts

ABSTRACTA small number of districts in Ohio from a variety of locales have adopted merit pay provisions. Using Springer’s (2009) taxonomy of teacher compensation, we analyzed compensation provisions of these districts. We asked: What are the characteristics of these districts? What criteria are used to determine merit? Who is determining who receives merit pay? Our analysis reveals that there is wide variation in the design and specifics of these programs. Like Kolbe and Strunk (2012), who developed a typology of incentive programs, our examination of merit pay provisions in Ohio generated a typology of merit pay programs.
Kripke’s Version of Wittgenstein’s Paradox and His Solution

This chapter reviews Kripke’s original description of Wittgenstein’s paradox and its solution. Quite a bit of critical commentary has engaged with Kripke’s interpretation; but I’m not concerned with whether Kripke’s interpretation of Wittgenstein is right; I’m only concerned with Kripke’s puzzle, as he presents it. Two distinctions discussed in the chapter are Kripke’s description of straight and sceptical solutions, and that between grounding facts and correspondence facts. Three key discussions occur in the chapter. First, there is a discussion of Kripke’s three conditions on a straight solution to the paradox, the infinitude requirement, the justification requirement, and the mistake requirement. Second, there is a discussion of why dispositional approaches to the paradox don’t work. Third, there is a discussion of why a straight sociological solution doesn’t work. I engage as well with some of the critical commentary on rule following that has arisen subsequently to Kripke’s book.
Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008–2014

Objectives. To assess the prevalence of abortion among population groups and changes in rates between 2008 and 2014.Methods. We used secondary data from the Abortion Patient Survey, the American Community Survey, and the National Survey of Family Growth to estimate abortion rates. We used information from the Abortion Patient Survey to estimate the lifetime incidence of abortion.Results. Between 2008 and 2014, the abortion rate declined 25%, from 19.4 to 14.6 per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years. The abortion rate for adolescents aged 15 to 19 years declined 46%, the largest of any group. Abortion rates declined for all racial and ethnic groups but were larger for non-White women than for non-Hispanic White women. Although the abortion rate decreased 26% for women with incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level, this population had the highest abortion rate of all the groups examined: 36.6. If the 2014 age-specific abortion rates prevail, 24% of women aged 15 to 44 years in that year will have an a...
Average Pitch Height and Perceived Emotional Expression Within an Unconventional Tuning System

Prior research has amply documented that happy music tends to be faster, louder, higher in average pitch, more variable in pitch, and more staccato in articulation, whereas sad music tends to be slower, lower, less variable, and more legato in articulation. However, the bulk of existing studies are either correlational or allow these expressive cues to covary freely, thereby making it difficult to confirm the causal influence of a given cue. To help address this gap, we experimentally assessed whether the average height (F0) of a pitch gamut independently impacts the perceived emotional expression of melodies derived from the gamut. Study participants rated the perceived happiness/sadness of a set of isochronous and semi-random tone sequences derived from the Bohlen-Pierce scale, an unconventional scale based on pitch intervals that do not appear in common practice music. Results were consistent with the notion that higher average pitch height communicates happiness and/or that lower pitch height communicates sadness. Moreover, they suggested that the effect is: (1) sufficiently robust to be detected using rudimentary melodies based on an unconventional musical scale; and, (2) independent of interval size.
Impact of a resident's sex on intraoperative entrustment of surgery trainees

Abstract Background Optimizing intraoperative education is critical for development of autonomous residents. Faculty decisions concerning intraoperative entrustment determine the degree to which a resident gains intraoperative responsibility. Accordingly, residents exhibit entrustable behaviors that further faculty entrustment in the operating room. Little empiric evidence exists evaluating how the sex of a resident influences faculty-resident decisions of entrustment. Studies involving perception-based measurements of autonomy report inequities for women residents. We sought to assess faculty behaviors in entrustment in relation to resident sex using OpTrust, a third-party objective measurement tool. Methods From September 2015 to June 2017 at the University of Michigan, surgical cases were observed and entrustment behaviors were rated using OpTrust. Critical case sampling was used to generate variation in operation type, case difficulty, faculty-resident pairings, faculty experience, and the level of the resident's training. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to compare faculty entrustment scores, as well as resident entrustability scores. Results A total of 56 faculty and 73 residents were observed across 223 surgical cases from 4 surgical specialties: general, plastic, thoracic, and vascular. There was no difference in faculty entrustment or entrustability scores between women and men (2.54 vs 2.35, P = .117 and 2.32 vs 2.22, P = .393, respectively). Conclusion Using OpTrust scores, we found that a resident's sex does not appear to influence faculty entrustment in the OR. Faculty entrustment scores for women and men residents are similar across cases. This observation suggests that during the intraoperative interaction, faculty are not extending entrustment or opportunities for autonomy differently to women or men. Future research is needed to identify and measure perioperative elements that inform resident autonomy, which may contribute to inequities for women residents.
Exporting the “Culture of Life”

The Religious Right is using every means to impose its restrictive view of sexual and reproductive rights on everyone under the umbrella of a so-called culture of life (CL). The CL prohibits the direct killing of innocents (but not, apparently, letting them die), and requires that all sexual activity be open to procreation, thus restricting access to abortion and contraception. All this is alleged to be based on God’s will and to constitute the only objective morality. But there is no epistemological basis for this claim, the strictures are inconsistent, and the rules create unnecessary misery. Those most at risk from the sexual strictures are women, children, and gay men. The risks are greatly magnified in Third World countries because of poverty and lack of access to even the most basic health care. Yet the Bush administration is doing everything in its power to impose the CL on such countries by means of its foreign policy and aid programs.
Bounding and Approximation of Probabilities

To approximate probabilities of composite events has been a challenging problem for a long time in probability theory and statistics. Various inequalities have been developed providing us with strong or weak approximations. Sometimes the approximation of the probability of a simple event is a hard numerical task such as the evaluation of the probability content of a region in R m in case of a continuous multivariate distribution. The terms “simple event”, and “composite event” are used in a heuristic manner here, meaning an event which is, or is not, a function of other events, the probabilities of which are known.
Dynamic Inelastic Electron Scattering II: Green’s Function Theory

Elastic scattering of electrons from a frozen lattice configuration is treated as time-independent. The first theoretical objective in treating dynamic inelastic electron scattering is to average statistically over the quasielastic electron diffraction patterns produced by various crystal configurations before numerical calculations. Green’s function theory is probably the method best suited for this purpose. For simplicity, we start with the equation of single inelastic electron excitation with consideration for the time-dependent (or configurational-dependent) thermal vibration perturbation on the crystal potential (ΔV)
Markers in normal and cancer stem cells

In an effort to better understand and address the challenges of cancer research and treatment, a new model of tumorigenesis is being developed - the cancer stem cell model. Building upon traditional concepts of cancer and stem cells, this model is intended to shed new light on the continued struggle with treatment issues such as tumor drug-resistance and recurrence. This review describes the cancer stem cell model with an emphasis on markers that represent the "stemness" phenotype. A thorough understanding of normal and cancer stem cells is necessary for a precise delineation of cancer stem cells. The objective of such an improved delineation is to develop targeted therapy for selective elimination of cancer stem cells with minimal toxicity to normal stem cells. Specific targeting of cancer stem cells has proved to be a significant challenge due to the commonality of many markers between normal and cancer stem cells. However, research in the area of cancer biomarkers is slowly, but steadily, progressing.
Photothermal Generation of Programmable Microbubble Array on Nanoporous Gold Disks

We present a technique to generate microbubbles using photothermal effects induced by continuous-wave laser irradiation of random nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) array covered microfluidic channels. The conversion efficiency is higher than 50% and the photothermally generated microbubbles can be used for microfluidic controls and assembly.
MR imaging of the postsurgical cubital tunnel: an imaging review of the cubital tunnel, cubital tunnel syndrome, and associated surgical techniques

Ulnar nerve compression at the elbow, specifically the cubital tunnel, is the second most common upper extremity compression neuropathy. Many patients presenting with compression symptoms will subsequently undergo surgical intervention. We review the open surgical treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome and review the expected postoperative imaging appearance of those treatments on magnetic resonance imaging (MR), including: simple or in situ decompression, medial epicondylectomy, and anterior transposition, including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and submuscular variants. We discuss the relevant anatomy of the presurgical cubital tunnel and common sites and causes of ulnar nerve compression at and about the cubital tunnel. The imaging appearance of the preoperative and postoperative ulnar nerve and postoperative complications are reviewed.
Chronic Total Occlusion Angioplasty: Indications, Appropriateness, and Strategy

Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are commonly encountered complex coronary lesions that can be associated with symptoms, ischemia, LV dysfunction, and excess mortality. The decision to offer percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as part of the therapeutic regimen for patients with chronic total occlusions is complex and should include a detailed discussion with patients about the indications, goals, risks, and alternatives to PCI that also includes a comprehensive review of all of the available data. In this chapter, we will review the evidence for the benefits of CTO PCI, a deep understanding of which is fundamentally important to the selection of patients for whom this therapy is to be offered.
Insights into the feeding behaviors and biomechanics of Varroa destructor mites on honey bee pupae using electropenetrography and histology.

Feeding behaviors and biomechanics of female Varroa destructor mites are revealed from AC-DC electropenetrography (EPG) recordings of mites feeding from Apis mellifera honey bee pupae and histology of mite internal ingestion apparatus. EPG signals characteristic of arthropod suction feeding (ingestion) were identified for mites that fed on pupae during overnight recordings. Ingestion by these mites was confirmed afterwards by observing internally fluorescent microbeads previously injected into their hosts. Micrographs of internal ingestion apparatus illustrate the connection between a gnathosomal tube and a pharyngeal lumen, which is surrounded by alternating dilator and constrictor muscles. Inspection of EPG signals showed the muscularized mite pharyngeal pump operates at a mean repetition rate of 4.5 cycles/s to ingest host fluids. Separate feeding events observed for mites numbered between 23 and 33 over approximately 16 h of recording, with each event lasting ~10 s. Feeding events were each separated by ~2 min. Consecutive feeding events separated by either locomotion or prolonged periods of quiescence were grouped into feeding bouts, which ranged in number from one to six. Statistical analyses of EPG data revealed that feeding events were prolonged for mites having lower pharyngeal pump frequencies, and mites having prolonged feeding events went unfed for significantly more time between feeding events. These results suggest that mites may adjust behaviors to meet limitations of their feeding apparatus to acquire similar amounts of food. Data reported here help to provide a more robust view of Varroa mite feeding than those previously reported and are both reminiscent of, as well as distinct from, some other acarines and fluid-feeding insects.
Worth the risk? Gun carrying and perceived criminal justice responses in Baltimore.

Introduction Policing strategies to deter illegal gun carrying by high-risk people are associated with reductions in gun violence. Many factors influence decisions to use or carry a gun in public, but it is unclear whether perceptions of the criminal justice system’s response influence those decisions. Methods We used a 2016 cross-sectional survey of criminal justice system-involved men in Baltimore City (n=195) to assess their recent frequency of gun carrying and perceptions of criminal justice system responses. Results Forty-two per cent of respondents reported carrying a gun at least once; 15% carried a gun at least monthly. Those who carried at least monthly were significantly less likely than others to report that it was likely they would be caught carrying a gun on the street (31% vs 53%). Conclusions Challenges with holding accountable those who illegally possess or carry guns in public may influence behaviours and perceptions of the effectiveness of the criminal justice system.
Improving diagnosis by feedback and deliberate practice: one-on-one coaching for diagnostic maturation

Reflective practice is essential for the ongoing maturation of clinicians and requires regular self-evaluation in association with ongoing mentoring and feedback. Currently, most resident physicians do not have access to educational experiences that fulfill these needs. We present a novel model for structured one-on-one longitudinal coaching using the principles of deliberate practice to improve diagnostic skills. This is an easily implementable educational model that can be replicated in residencies across the country to improve clinical reasoning. Skills learned through this program have the potential not only to bolster the academic approach to patients but to also directly improve the clinical assessment and care of patients under the trainee's care.
Biosafety of low-intensity pulsed transcranial focused ultrasound brain stimulation: a human skull study

Among a variety of existing modalities for noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), low-intensity pulsed transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising technique to precisely stimulate deep brain structures due to its high spatial specificity and superior penetration depth. While tFUS is gaining momentum as an emerging NIBS technique, an advisable biosafety-associated combination of sonication parameters including duty cycle and power input remains to be explored. In this study, biosafety of low-intensity pulsed tFUS using various sonication parameters was evaluated by measuring acoustic intensities and temperature variations across a piece of real human skull. The results showed that ISPTA above 480 mW/cm^2 is likely to induce an excessive temperature rise for a sonication duration of 160 seconds. Also, the skull base effect and ultrasound transducer self-heating effect should be noted during the sonication. Based on the findings in this study, an initial biosafety guide was discussed for the future investigation of ultrasound-mediated NIBS.
Recommendations for affirming brief motivational interventions for sexual minority college student drinking

Purpose: College students who identify as a sexual minority consume alcohol at rates that are equal to, or greater than, their heterosexual peers and sexual minority stress factors (e.g. discrimina...
Growth of the wildland-urban interface within and around U.S. National Forests and Grasslands, 1990–2010

Abstract The wildland-urban interface (WUI), where housing is in close proximity to or intermingled with wildland vegetation, is widespread throughout the United States, but it is unclear how this type of housing development affects public lands. We used a national dataset to examine WUI distribution and growth (1990–2010) in proximity to National Forests and created a typology to characterize each National Forest’s combination of WUI area and housing growth. We found that National Forests are hotspots for WUI growth, with a 38% increase in WUI area and 46% growth in WUI houses from 1990 to 2010, in excess of WUI growth for the conterminous U.S. Growth within National Forests was higher than the surrounding area. Diffuse intermix WUI, where houses are intermingled with wildland vegetation, is common within National Forests, but WUI houses around National Forests were primarily in denser interface WUI areas, which lack substantial wildland vegetation. WUI was more prevalent within and around National Forests in the East, while National Forests in the West experienced higher rates of WUI growth. National Forests with the most challenging WUI issues—extensive WUI area and rapid growth in intermix and interface—were found primarily in the South and interior West. Given the diversity of WUI landscapes, effectively responding to current and future WUI challenges will require both engagement with individual homeowners dispersed throughout National Forests, as well as increased emphasis on mitigating denser interface development around National Forests. At a time when wildfire risks are expected to intensify due to climate change, and 75% of privately owned land within and around National Forests is not yet WUI, understanding WUI growth patterns in proximity to public lands is vital for land management and human well-being.
Network Flow Linear Programs

In this chapter we study a class of linear programs called network flow problems. These problems are important for several reasons. Many important applications give rise to linear programming models where all, or a large portion, of the constraints have a network flow structure. The constraint matrix of a network flow linear program has a structure that enables these linear programs to be optimized very quickly. In addition, the associated polyhedron is integer which means that no enumeration is required in order to find integer solutions. Thus, not only can the linear programming relaxation of a network problem be solved quickly, no enumeration is necessary.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DETECTION AND DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR RESIDUES BY OSCILLOGRAPHIC POLAROGRAPHY.

Although polarography is being used advantageously in many fields of science, its utilization for the detection and determination of pesticide and fungicide residues has been limited. However, recent developments in polarographic instrumentation and techniques have generated renewed interest in the polarography of these materials. An excellent review of the application of polarography to pesticide and fungicide residues has already been presented in “Residue Reviews” by Martens and Nangniot (1963).
Bursicon as a Potential Target for Insect Control

Bursicon is an insect heterodimeric neuropeptide hormone which binds to a specific G protein-coupled receptor, Drosophila leucine-rich repeats-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 2 (DLGR2) and regulates various aspects of cuticle tanning (sclerotization and melanization) and wing expansion in diverse insect orders. Bursicon was discovered 50 years ago by Gottfried Fraenkel using the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala in a neck-ligated fly assay. Over the last few years, there has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge of bursicon molecular structure and signaling pathway due to recent advances in genomics, proteomics and genetic analysis, combined with physiological and behavior analysis. Insect neuropeptides, which are released from neurosecretory cells in the insect central nervous system (CNS), regulate virtually all aspects of insect life and would appear to be excellent candidates for development of new methods for pest control. As a critical neuropeptide during the process of insect molting cycle, bursicon could also be used for the design of novel, safe and selective compounds to control pests. Here, we will review recent advances in bursicon research and developments of neuropeptides for pest control, and then discuss the possibilities of bursicon as a target for pest control.
Spatio-temporal analysis of brain MRI images using hidden Markov models

A rapidly increasing number of medical imaging studies is longitudinal, i.e. involves series of repeated examinations of the same individuals. This paper presents a methodology for analysis of such 4D images, with brain aging as the primary application. An adaptive regional clustering method is first adopted to construct a spatial pattern, in which a measure of correlation between morphological measurements and a continuous patient's variable (age in our case) is used to group brain voxels into regions; Secondly, a dynamic probabilistic Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is created to statistically analyze the relationship between spatial brain patterns and hidden states; Thirdly, parametric HMM models under a bagging framework are used to capture the changes occurring with time by decoding the hidden states longitudinally. We apply this method to datasets from elderly individuals, and test the effectiveness of this spatio-temporal model in analyzing the temporal dynamics of spatial aging patterns on an individual basis. Experimental results show this method could facilitate the early detection of pathological brain change.
Sarbanes-Oxley and the New Corporate Governance in the United States

Berle and Means introduced the "managerial thesis" nearly eighty years ago in their classic text, The Modern Corporation and Private Property. They argued that control of the corporation in the United States had already shifted from large shareholder groups (founding families and financial capitalists) to professional, non-shareholding managers. We propose to re-evaluate the managerial thesis by arguing that economic forces and regulatory initiatives have shifted corporate control from focal firm managerial teams to independent outside directors. Today, director control remains intact, despite financial market concentration, institutional investor savvy, and regulatory reforms. However, director demographics have changed fundamentally. Independent, non-management directors, recruited disproportionately from the ranks of active and retired CEOs, have displaced inside-directors as the dominant group.
Primary peritonitis due to group G Streptococcus: A case report.

Beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group G, a rare human pathogen, has long been implicated in human disease as causing pharyngitis, puerperal sepsis, empyema, and even septicemia. We are reporting a rare, life-threatening, acute illness, primary peritonitis, due to this organism, whose etiological source probably was a family dog. Case Report R.K., a 2-year-old girl, was admitted with the complaints of anorexia, vomiting of three days9 duration, and severe abdominal distension of one day9s duration. The symptoms started following a burn injury over the face and lips three days prior to admission. Past history was noncontributory. Physical examination revealed an ill child of average size, fully conscious.
The linked systems protocol and the future of bibliographic networks and systems

Description du «protocole des systemes lies» qui ne doit pas etre confondu avec le «projet» des memes systemes ― etude des implications de son utilisation pour l'automatisation des bibliotheques et notamment pour l'avenir des systemes et des reseaux bibliographiques. (INTD)
Excitatory synaptic potentials in kainic acid-denervated rat CA1 pyramidal neurons

Intracellular recordings were performed in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus following an ipsilateral intraventricular injection of kainic acid. Seven days postlesion, graded bursts of up to four action potentials could be evoked by stimulation of the stratum radiatum. The evoked EPSPs underlying these bursts showed a prolonged 10-90% rise time and half-width compared to control EPSPs, an absence of a significant inhibitory phase, and an increase in magnitude and duration at depolarized resting levels. The evoked EPSPs also exhibited a significant decrease in amplitude and time course in response to D-APV (D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid; 1-20 microM), though this effect was variable from cell to cell. The prolonged time course, voltage sensitivity, and response to a selective NMDA antagonist confirmed that the major component of the EPSP in neurons from lesioned slices was mediated by NMDA receptors. The partial denervation of the CA1 area induced by the kainic acid led to both an enhanced NMDA-mediated excitatory phase and a decrease in postsynaptic inhibition, resulting in the pronounced hyperexcitability noted in the lesioned slices.
Rapid vasodilation in response to a brief tetanic muscle contraction

To test the hypothesis that vasodilation occurs because of the release of a vasoactive substance after a brief muscle contraction and to determine whether acetylcholine spillover from the motor ner...
Modular hall masterslice transducer

The Hall masterslice transducer combines modern IC (integrated circuit) technology with a modular design concept to provide a flexible multifunction approach to magnetic sensing. Its sensing element, a controllable Hall cell, is integrated with the associated circuitry on a masterslice chip, mounted in a flux concentrator module that forms the basic building block for diverse application packages. The device has several auxiliary control electrodes that allow fixed or externally variable offset voltage control and magnetic field simulation, as well as threshold, hysteresis, and gain adjustments. Integral flux concentrators provide the module with an efficient magnetic flux path and chip cooling. Three application categories -switches, proximity sensors, and current sensors - are discussed and various application package designs are presented.
Decoding the genome beyond sequencing: The new phase of genomic research

While our understanding of gene-based biology has greatly improved, it is clear that the function of the genome and most diseases cannot be fully explained by genes and other regulatory elements. Genes and the genome represent distinct levels of genetic organization with their own coding systems; Genes code parts like protein and RNA, but the genome codes the structure of genetic networks, which are defined by the whole set of genes, chromosomes and their topological interactions within a cell. Accordingly, the genetic code of DNA offers limited understanding of genome functions. In this perspective, we introduce the genome theory which calls for the departure of gene-centric genomic research. To make this transition for the next phase of genomic research, it is essential to acknowledge the importance of new genome-based biological concepts and to establish new technology platforms to decode the genome beyond sequencing.
Almost global finite time stabilization of rigid body attitude dynamics

Stabilization of rigid body attitude motion to a desired attitude in finite time is considered here. Attitude feedback control with finite time convergence has been considered in the past using the ambiguous unit quaternion representation. However, it is known that continuous feedback control with unit quaternion feedback leads to the unstable unwinding phenomenon, which has debilitating effects on convergence of states and control effort expended. This work considers finite-time stabilization of rigid body attitude dynamics using the coordinate-free representation of attitude on the group of rigid body rotations in three-dimensional Euclidean space, SO(3). The feedback control law designed here leads to almost global finite time stabilization of the attitude motion of a rigid body with known attitude dynamics model, to the desired attitude. Almost global finite time stability of this control law is shown using a Morse function as part of a Lyapunov analysis; this Morse function has been previously used for almost global asymptotic stabilization of rigid body attitude motion.
Water soluble complexes of carotenoids with arabinogalactan.

We present the first example of water soluble complexes of carotenoids. The stability and reactivity of carotenoids in the complexes with natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan were investigated by different physicochemical techniques: optical absorption, HPLC, and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. Compared to pure carotenoids, polysaccharide complexes of carotenoids showed enhanced photostability by a factor of 10 in water solutions. A significant decrease by a factor of 20 in the reactivity toward metal ions (Fe3+) and reactive oxygen species in solution was detected. On the other hand, the yield and stability of carotenoid radical cations photoproduced on titanium dioxide (TiO2) were greatly increased. EPR measurements demonstrated efficient charge separation on complex-modified TiO2 nanoparticles (7 nm). Canthaxanthin radical cations are stable for ∼10 days at room temperature in this system. The results are important for a variety of carotenoid applications, in the design of artificial light-harvesting, photo...
Light-induced parametric amplification in MEMS oscillators

Micromechanical oscillators in the radio frequency (rf) range were fabricated in the form of silicon discs supported by a SiO2 pillar at the disc center. Effective spring constant of this oscillator can be controlled within the range (Delta) f/f approximately 10-4 by a low power laser beam, (Plaser approximately 100 (mu) W), focused at the periphery of the disc. Parametric amplification of the disc's vibrations was achieved through a double frequency modulation of the laser power. An amplitude gain of up to 30 was demonstrated, with further increase limited by non-linear behavior and self-generation. Phase dependence, inherent in degenerate parametric amplification, was also observed. Self- modulation of the CW laser beam (Plaser approximately 100 (mu) W) provided by placing the disc oscillator into an interference pattern setup can lead to parametric self- excitation.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Myocyte Adrenoceptor Signaling Pathways

Adrenoceptors (ARs), members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, form the interface between the sympathetic nervous system and the cardiovascular system, with integral roles in the rapid regulation of myocardial function. However, in heart failure, chronic catecholamine stimulation of adrenoceptors has been linked to pathologic cardiac remodeling, including myocyte apoptosis and hypertrophy. In cardiac myocytes, activation of AR subtypes results in coupling to different G proteins and induction of specific signaling pathways, which is partly regulated by the subtype-specific distribution of receptors in plasma membrane compartments containing distinct complexes of signaling molecules. The Connections Maps of the Adrenergic and Myocyte Adrenergic Signaling Pathways bring into focus the specific signaling pathways of individual AR subtypes and their relevant functions in vivo.
A bargaining model of retransmission consent and must-carry rule

Abstract In this paper, I analyze the effects of the retransmission consent and must-carry rule in the Cable Act of 1992 of the United States using a bargaining model, and interpret the actual outcomes of the negotiations between cable system operators and broadcasters in the light of the model. Regarding a broadcaster's choice between invoking the must-carry rule and negotiating for retransmission fees, the model predicts that broadcasters who receive higher additional benefits from the carriage of their signals on cable systems are more likely to opt for the retransmission-consent option. The prediction is shown to be consistent with a statistical data.