cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictions and Experimental Verification of Residual Stresses in Thermoplastic Composite Cylinders

A model was proposed to predict residual stresses in thermoplastic composite cylinders fabricated using in-situ consolidation processes. A series of poly-ether-ketone-ketone (PEKK)-based glass and graphite composite cylinders with various layup constructions were fabricated to verify the residual stress predictions. The resin viscosity and storage modulus of the polymer were measured for analysis. A "split ring experiment" shows a fairly reasonable agreement between the predictions and test data from an application point of view.
Between Formalism and Conservatism: The Resurgent Legal Formalism of the Roberts Court

Following long decades of disrepute, legal formalism is experiencing a renaissance in the opinions of our highest court. There should be no surprise that this formalistic re-surgence coincides with the most conservative Supreme Court in many decades: modern legal formalism is almost uniquely a conservative project. Yet the association between conservatism and formalism calls for an explanation: what accounts for the conservative predilection for legal formalism? This article will examine a series of possible answers to that question, and will argue that legal formalism shares a natural intellectual affinity with conservatism.
Dlaczego nieśmiertelność nie jest taka zła

Autor twierdzi, ze nieśmiertelnośc niekoniecznie musi byc az tak zla, jak to opisuje Bernard Williams. Twierdzi on, ze jeśli nieśmiertelne zycie charakteryzowaloby sie wystarczająco zroznicowanym pakietem doświadczen, odpowiednio podzielonych, nie ma powodu, by sądzic, ze ktoś bedzie sie nudzil (podobnie jak nie ma powodu, by sądzic, ze ktoś bedzie sie nudzil takimi doświadczeniami w zyciu śmiertelnym). Przyznaje, ze niektore z przyjemnych doświadczen „same ulegają wyczerpaniu”, ale mowi, ze nie ma wystarczającej liczby powtarzalnych „przyjemności”, aby ulec nudzie, o ktorej mowi Bernard Williams. „Why Immortality is Not so Bad”, International Journal of Philosophical Studies 2 (1994), 2: 257–270. Przeklad za zgodą Autora. Informacje o Tlumaczu: dr Marcin Iwanicki, Wydzial Filozofii Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawla II; e-mail: miwanick@gmail.com
From manager to leader: the need for preparation.

Just as there is a need to ensure that basic administrative skills are acquired by individuals assuming administrative positions, there is also a need to ensure that advanced administrative skills are acquired by individuals assuming chief executive positions.
Micro-computed tomography in murine models of cerebral cavernous malformations as a paradigm for brain disease.

Abstract Background Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are hemorrhagic brain lesions, where murine models allow major mechanistic discoveries, ushering genetic manipulations and preclinical assessment of therapies. Histology for lesion counting and morphometry is essential yet tedious and time consuming. We herein describe the application and validations of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), a non-destructive technique allowing three-dimensional CCM lesion count and volumetric measurements, in transgenic murine brains. New method We hereby describe a new contrast soaking technique not previously applied to murine models of CCM disease. Volumetric segmentation and image processing paradigm allowed for histologic correlations and quantitative validations not previously reported with the micro-CT technique in brain vascular disease. Results Twenty-two hyper-dense areas on micro-CT images, identified as CCM lesions, were matched by histology. The inter-rater reliability analysis showed strong consistency in the CCM lesion identification and staging (K = 0.89, p Comparison with existing method Serial integrated lesional area by histology showed a strong positive correlation with micro-CT estimated volume (r2 = 0.84, p Conclusions Micro-CT allows high throughput assessment of lesion count and volume in pre-clinical murine models of CCM. This approach complements histology with improved accuracy and efficiency, and can be applied for lesion burden assessment in other brain diseases.
National and international aspects of feminist movements: The example of the Iranian revolution of 1978–79∗

(1993). National and international aspects of feminist movements: The example of the Iranian revolution of 1978–79. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 33-53.
Maximizing the productivity of the microalgae Scenedesmus AMDD cultivated in a continuous photobioreactor using an online flow rate control.

In this study, production of the microalga Scenedesmus AMDD in a 300 L continuous flow photobioreactor was maximized using an online flow (dilution rate) control algorithm. To enable online control, biomass concentration was estimated in real time by measuring chlorophyll-related culture fluorescence. A simple microalgae growth model was developed and used to solve the optimization problem aimed at maximizing the photobioreactor productivity. When optimally controlled, Scenedesmus AMDD culture demonstrated an average volumetric biomass productivity of 0.11 g L−1 d−1 over a 25 day cultivation period, equivalent to a 70 % performance improvement compared to the same photobioreactor operated as a turbidostat. The proposed approach for optimizing photobioreactor flow can be adapted to a broad range of microalgae cultivation systems.
Electoral systems, ethnic diversity and party systems in developing democracies

Party system nationalization is often viewed as critical to national unity, the production of public goods, and may have implications for democratic success. This paper assesses the impact of ethnic diversity and electoral rules in 74 economically developing democracies. Contrary to past studies, majoritarian electoral systems heighten the tendency of ethnic diversity to reduce nationalization while proportional representation greatly reduces its impact. Presidential systems produce higher levels of nationalization than parliamentary systems but the effect reverses as the number of presidential candidates increases. Though ethnic party bans may increase nationalization, ballot access requirements, the level of freedom, and relative prosperity have no effect.
Venous Sinus Stenting in the Management of Patients with Intracranial Hypertension Manifesting with Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks.

Background A subset of patients with skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are found to have elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). In these patients, elevated ICP is thought to contribute to both the pathophysiology of the leak and postoperative leak recurrences. Current strategies for postoperative ICP control include medical therapy and shunting procedures. The aim of this study is to report the use of venous sinus stenting (VSS) in the management of patients with skull base CSF leaks caused by elevated ICP. Methods We performed a retrospective investigation of 2 patients who underwent surgical repair of skull base CSF leaks and were found to have elevated ICP associated with venous sinus stenosis and subsequently treated with VSS. Results Two patients underwent successful surgical repair of skull base CSF leaks with perioperative ICP monitoring via temporary lumbar catheters. Postoperative CSF pressure measurement demonstrated elevated ICP. Both patients were found to have venous sinus stenosis on further workup and subsequently underwent VSS for treatment of intracranial hypertension. Both patients had improvement in their symptoms with no evidence of recurrent CSF leak at follow-up. Conclusions Patients with skull base CSF leaks of unknown etiology should undergo CSF pressure monitoring postoperatively and, if found to be elevated, be treated for intracranial hypertension. In patients unresponsive to, or intolerant of, medical therapy, VSS can provide an alternative option to medical and surgical shunting procedures for treatment of intracranial hypertension in patients with skull base CSF leaks and venous sinus stenosis.
If the coping fits, use it: Preadolescent recent stress exposure differentially predicts post-TSST salivary cortisol recovery.

This study examined recent stress exposure and effortful coping effects on salivary cortisol (sC) response patterns in preadolescent boys and girls (N = 121, Mage = 10.60 years). Children were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and one of two randomly assigned, post-TSST coping conditions: distraction and avoidance. Piecewise growth multilevel modeling did not link children's recent stressful life events or hair cortisol (hC) levels to sC reactivity, though each interacted with coping condition to predict sC recovery patterns. Children with elevated life stressor and hC levels demonstrated protracted sC recovery when primed with distraction, yet more efficient sC recovery when primed with avoidance. Findings challenge assumptions about universally “good” and “bad” coping by highlighting contexts where each succeed and fail in helping children manage acute stress physiology.
Modulating Wettability of Layered Materials by Controlling Ligand Polar Headgroup Dynamics.

Integrating functionalized 2D materials into multilayer device architectures increasingly requires understanding the behavior of noncovalently adsorbed ligands during solution processing. Here, we demonstrate that the headgroup dynamics of polymerized monolayers of functional alkanes can be controlled to modify surface wetting and environmental interactions. We find that headgroup dynamics are sensitive to the position of the polymerizable diyne group; thus, the polymerization process, typically used to stabilize the noncovalent monolayer, can also be used to selectively destabilize chain–chain interactions near the headgroups, making the headgroups more solvent-accessible and increasing surface hydrophilicity. Conversely, interactions with divalent ions can be used to tether headgroups in-plane, decreasing surface hydrophilicity. Together, these results suggest a strategy for the rational design of 2D chemical interfaces in which the polymerization step reconfigures the monolayer to promote the desired e...
Psychopharmacological Treatment of School Phobia

In order to review the pharmacological treatment of school phobia, a number of clinical and behavioral issues should be examined. The purpose of studying school phobia is to establish a model from which anxiety disorders can be better understood. The scientific study of school phobia allows for a better conceptualization of the underlying diagnostic problems, classification issues, severity ratings, family functioning, behavioral genetics, outcome, and eventually treatment. Historically the assumption has been that school phobia was synonymous with separation anxiety disorder (Kolvin, Berney, & Bhatz, 1984). It is likely that this assumption will have to be reexamined and possibly discarded.
Case Study: Olmesartan Medoxomil: A Prodrug of Olmesartan

Olmesartan is a durable, specific, and competitive nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. To achieve better oral bioavailability its ester prodrug, olmesartan medoxomil, was developed. Olmesartan medoxomil is suitable for once daily oral administration and is available in tablet form.
Molecular influence in the glass/polymer interface design: The role of segmental dynamics

Abstract Recent observations of the high-velocity impact response in poly (urethane urea), PUU, elastomers has inspired a new inquiry on whether enabling molecular mechanisms could benefit dynamic impedance optimization at the interface of a glass/polymer bilayer, particularly at the moment of impulse interaction. In this work, we investigate the molecular influence on dynamic impedance using microballistic measurements on two bulk elastomers, a PUU and a polyurea, PU. Upon impact at strain rates ∼108/s, PUU exhibits a moderate improvement in resistance against penetration than PU, that is more pronounced at higher speeds. The variation in dynamic stiffening corroborates well with the corresponding segmental dynamics data determined via broadband dielectric relaxation. Meanwhile, we calculate the shock impedance from the shock velocity data derived from the respective shock Hugoniot to discern the efficacy of dynamic impedance optimization between PUU and glass. New insight on molecular attributes will guide glass/polymer interface designs.
Conditional Function Definitions

An essential aspect of computer programs is their ability to make decisions — to proceed differently depending upon properties of the data they are operating upon. In this chapter, we explore two different ways of building decision-making into Mathematica programs: multi-clause definitions, in which a function is defined by more than one rule; and conditional functions, which return one of several values depending upon a condition. These features will greatly expand what we can do with Mathematica; they are also a crucial step toward learning the basic techniques of recursion and iteration.
Fluorescence Anisotropy: Theory and Applications

Fluorescence anisotropy decay belongs to the general class of relaxation methods which monitor the time dependence of the transition of the system from a biased to a random arrangement. In this case the transition is from a specific to a random orientation in space and occurs via Brownian rotational diffusion. Unlike some other techniques of this type, such as orientation by the application of an external force field, fluorescence anisotropy decay depends upon the initial selection of a population of specifically oriented fluorophores from a large assembly of randomly oriented fluorophores. From the nature of the change in anisotropy with time, information may be derived as to the rotational mobility of the fluorophore. If the fluorophore is a fluorescent label linked to a biological macromolecule it may reflect both the overall motion of the particle and any internal rotational modes which may be present, including the localized motion of the probe. Two basic kinds of information may be derived from fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements. To the extent that the macromolecule and the attached label rotate as a unit, anisotropy decay may provide information as to the size and shape factor of the macromolecule. It is also a convenient means of studying any internal rotational motions present in the macromolecule and of examining the nature of the molecular flexibility. The basic theory of the depolarization of fluorescence through Brownian rotation was presented by Perrin. Equations were developed which related the degree of polarization to the size and shape parameters of a dissolved fluorophore, the average lifetime of its excited state, and the temperature and
Mode of Action of Antitrematodal Agents

Chemotherapeutic agents exert their effect by interference with physiological or biochemical mechanisms essential for the functional integrity or the reproduction of the invading organism. Many compounds are capable of altering a multitude of biochemical reactions or physiological responses, especially when used in concentrations far above those that are chemotherapeutically effective. The problems of which if any of the observed effects is responsible for the trematocidal action of a given drug requires careful and critical analysis. To this end, attention has been directed, in the present discussion of trematocidal agents, toward several important criteria outlined in a classic paper by Hunter and Lowry (1956). Furthermore, the question must be examined whether an observed biochemical or physiological change is the primary cause, rather than the result, of the functional damage produced by the drug. In at least one instance — the antischistosomal action of trivalent organic antimonials — trematocidal activity can be ascribed to an inhibitory effect of the drug on a single enzyme. On the other hand, in the case of the action of piperazine on Ascaris, inhibition of the formation of succinate has been found to be the result, rather than the cause, of paralysis of the parasite (Del Castillo et al., 1964).
Recent Results on Superdeformation

I report on recent advances in the study of superdeformed nuclei: possible new mass regions of superdeformation, determination of the deformation by lifetime measurements (dopplershift-attenuation method), and identification of the configuration of superdeformed bands using the measured dynamic moments of inertia of these hands. Finally, it will be emphasized that the future of these studies resides in the opportunity to use the next generation of γ-ray detector systems such as GAMMA-SPHERE.
Child Computer Interaction: A Case of Preschool Edutainment Systems

At present, computers and information technologies have become a vital part of our lives and are widely been in used for education and learning. More and more schools and parents are incorporating computers for educating preschool children. Studies have shown that early interaction with computers and technology can help improve the cognitive and motor skills of preschool children. Although a lot of systems have been developed for children of various ages however, most of the systems developed for preschool children have not been developed keeping in view their inadequate cognitive and motor skills. This paper aims to revisit the development processes in preschool children to design a desktop system to help them learn basic concepts of mathematics.
Underground mystery: Interactions between plant roots and parasitic nematodes

Abstract Plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are microscopic roundworms that mostly develop an obligate parasitic relationship with hosts. Once PPN reach root surfaces, they slowly insert a stylet, needle-like structure, into and feed cytosolic nutrients from roots, which cause cell and tissue mortality (Fosu-Nyarko and Jones, 2016; Mitchum et al., 2013). Recently, these PPN-associated damages have become of great agricultural and economic importance resulting in an estimated annual loss of ∼14 percent of world crop production (Nicol et al., 2011). Thus, an urgent breakthrough is needed in developing effective and sustainable pest management programs such as new resistance cultivars. It is however not necessarily forthcoming, largely due to our little knowledge of the defense physiology of plants against PPN. Hence, this review will briefly revisit current working models of plant and PPN interactions with a focus of plant defense responses, and pinpoint information gaps within, which help revamp unique and alternative prospective for the future studies.
Towards predicting differences in fatigue performance of laser powder bed fused Ti-6Al-4V coupons from the same build

Abstract The mechanical performance of powder bed fused (PBF) components can vary significantly, even within a single build with processing parameters kept constant. To better understanding this variability, two sets of uniaxial fatigue specimens were examined, differing only in gage section surface area and location on the build plate. Significantly different fatigue performance was observed between the two geometries, despite being manufactured in the same laser power bed fusion (L-PBF) build. Possible explanations for the difference in fatigue performance were then examined, such as mechanical interactions between fatigue cracks and the specimen geometry, microstructure, surface roughness, increased surface area, and build defects. Differences in the density of near surface build defects were identified as the cause of the difference in fatigue performance between the two sets of specimens. The difference in fatigue performance was found to be predictable from a simple weakest link model given knowledge of the ratio of defect densities. Subsequently, an attempt was made to predict the difference in defect densities using a full resolution thermal model. The model results suggest additional details such as the nonuniformity in powder spreading, laser-plume interactions, and/or the interference of debris from previously scanned tracks may be necessary ingredients for process-structure-performance predictions of fatigue critical PBF components.
Liposomal Amphotericin B IV (LIPO AB) Once Per Week Is Effective in the Prevention of Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) in Patients (Pts) with Acute Leukemia: Preliminary Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

Abstract Background: IFI remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pts with acute myelogenous leukemia or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (AML/HR-MDS). We have previously shown that voriconazole (VORI) or LIPO AB 3 mg/kg/day TIW were effective prophylactic regimens in AML/HR-MDS. LIPO AB given once every week achieves tissue levels expected to prevent IFI, decreases the risk for infusion-related adverse events (IRE) and would simplify prophylaxis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a 3-arm randomized trial comparing LIPO AB, 3 mg/kg/d TIW (LIPO AB 3); versus LIPO AB 9 mg/kg/d, 1/week (LIPO AB 9); versus VORI 200 mg PO 2/day among pts with AML/MDS undergoing induction or salvage chemotherapy (CHEMO). Pts were stratified by age and disease status and randomized to receive any of the 3 regimens 24 hours after completion of CHEMO. Serum Galactomannan Index (GMI) was obtained 2/week while CT scan of chest (CT) was performed for persistent fever after 3 days of broad spectrum antibiotics. Proven and probable IFI were defined according to EORTC/MSG criteria. The results of the first 59 pts (of 150 planned) enrolled between Dec 06 -July 07 are presented. Results: Pts characteristics and response are shown in Table 1. All pts had Zubrod performance status ≤ 2 and most underwent remission induction chemo (90% in each group). No significant differences were observed on key baseline characteristics. Three of the 59 pts did not receive study drug (AMBI 9=2; VORI=1) and were excluded from efficacy and safety analysis. There were no proven IFI; 3 pts developed probable pulmonary Aspergillosis [GMI(+); CT (+), cultures (−) ], while 10 pts received additional empirical antifungal therapy (AFT) because of FUO [ 7 pts; GMI (−), CT (−), cultures (−)] or pneumonia [ 3 pts; GMI (−), cultures (−)]. None of these 10 pts developed proven/probable IFI. Two pts in each study arm developed reversible side effects that lead to drug discontinuation [AMBI 3: Grade 2 hyperbilirubinemia (1); Grade 3 infusion related events (1); AMBI 9: Grade 3 infusion related event (2); VORI: Grade 2 hyperbilirubinemia (1), visual hallucinations (1)]. Overall mortality was 5% (1 pt/arm). There were no IFI-related deaths. Conclusion: Intermittent LIPO AB (3 mg/kg/d TIW or 9 mg/kg/d, 1/week) and VORI 200 mg PO 2/day prophylaxis appear to be effective and well-tolerated regimens. Enrollment of additional pts is ongoing. Table 1 . LIPO AB 3 (n=20) LIPO AB 9 (n=20) VORI (n=19) Median age* (range) 60 (40–79) 60 (23–69) 58 (31–77) Pts in protected environment* (%) 80 65 79 Diabetes mellitus**, n(%) 1 (5) 1 (5) 5 (26) Median days on prophylaxis* (range) 17 (1–34) 14 (1–37) 17 (1–37) Efficacy and adverse events LIPO AB 3 (n=20) LIPO AB 9 (n=18) VORI (n=18) No IFI*, n(%) 14 (70) 14 (78) 15 (83) Proven/Probable IFI*, n(%) 2 (10) 1 (5) 0 Empiric AFT*, n(%) 4 (10) 3 (17) 3 (17) Adverse events*, n 4 4 3 All drug-related*, n(%) 2 (10) 2 (11) 2 (11) *p=ns; **p=0.061
Benchmarking deep learning techniques for face recognition

Abstract Recent progresses in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and GPUs have greatly advanced the state-of-the-art performance for face recognition. However, training CNNs for face recognition is complex and time-consuming. Multiple factors need to be considered: deep learning frameworks, GPU platforms, deep network models, training datasets and test datasets. The deep models under different frameworks may perform differently. Based on this concern, we compare three deep learning frameworks and benchmark the performance of different CNN models on five GPU platforms. The scalability issue is also explored. Our findings can help researchers select appropriate face recognition models, deep learning frameworks, GPU platforms, and training datasets for their face recognition tasks.
Lamin B2 Levels Regulate Polyploidization of Cardiomyocyte Nuclei and Myocardial Regeneration.

Summary Heart regeneration requires cardiomyocyte proliferation. It is thought that formation of polyploid nuclei establishes a barrier for cardiomyocyte proliferation, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the nuclear lamina filament Lamin B2 (Lmnb2), whose expression decreases in mice after birth, is essential for nuclear envelope breakdown prior to progression to metaphase and subsequent division. Inactivating Lmnb2 decreased metaphase progression, which led to formation of polyploid cardiomyocyte nuclei in neonatal mice, which, in turn, decreased myocardial regeneration. Increasing Lmnb2 expression promoted cardiomyocyte M-phase progression and cytokinesis and improved indicators of myocardial regeneration in neonatal mice. Inactivating LMNB2 in human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes reduced karyokinesis and increased formation of polyploid nuclei. In primary cardiomyocytes from human infants with heart disease, modifying LMNB2 expression correspondingly altered metaphase progression and ploidy of daughter nuclei. In conclusion, Lmnb2 expression is essential for karyokinesis in mammalian cardiomyocytes and heart regeneration.
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen-Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals in Diagnosis and Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer to affect men in the United States and the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based positron emission to...
E-067 Reducing time to revascularization in acute ischemic stroke

Background Endovascular treatment (EVT) of large vessel occlusions in the treatment of disabling strokes is more effective if reperfusion is achieved quickly. Streamlining protocols from patient presentation to groin puncture can lead to improved timelines to treatment and functional outcomes. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of specific hospital based process improvement strategies in the acute ischemic stroke patient population undergoing endovascular therapy with the specific intent to decrease median arrival to groin puncture. Our multidisciplinary events to review pre and intraprocedure work flow as part of a process improvement (PI) project began in November 2018 during fiscal year (FY) 2019 (9/1/2018–9/1/2019) and implementation of recommendations began FY 2020 (9/1/19- 12/31/19). Methods The study includes a pre- and post-intervention retrospective review of consecutive patients 18 years or older, hospital admission between September 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019, who underwent EVT for treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Patients experiencing acute stroke within an established hospital admission were excluded from analysis. The primary outcome variables were time from arrival to groin puncture and first pass during the acute ischemic stroke admission. The data points were collected from internal stroke review dataset and anonymized prior to analysis. All but two of our cases used general anesthesia. Results In FYs 2017 (9/1/16–9/1/17) and 2018 (9/1/17–9/1/18) before intervention our median door to needle times were 94 minutes in FY 2017 (37 patients) and 113 minutes in FY 2018 (48 patients). Our median door to first pass times were 114 minutes in FY 2017 and 139 minutes in FY 2018. Post intervention our door to groin puncture times were 64 minutes in FY 2019 (64 patients) and 56 minutes in FY 2020 (35 patients). Our median door to first pass times were 86 minutes in FY 2019 and 74 minutes in FY 2020. The drop in door to groin puncture and door to first pass times pre and post intervention were statistically significant (P Conclusions Having multidisciplinary team events dedicated to PI alone (which provided education and awareness to multiple stakeholders) resulted in a substantial decrease in median door to groin puncture and door to first pass times. Implementation of hospital based PI initiatives to improve work flow including: early endovascular team activation, a streamlined transport process, a streamlined patient preparation process in the lab, and utilization of a feedback tool resulted in continued improvement in door to groin puncture and first pass times. Disclosures H. Shownkeen: None. A. Doerr: None. S. Togbi-Wonyo: None. B. Fill: None. A. Mazumdar: None. D. Pandya: None. A. Lindstrom: None. M. Shownkeen: None.
Quantification of Core Barrel Motion Using an Analytically Derived Scale Factor and Statistical Reactor Noise Descriptors

A method was developed for quantitative inference of core barrel motion from the following statistical descriptors using an analytically derived scale factor (SF): cross-power spectral density (CPS...
Exploring Adversarial Examples via Invertible Neural Networks.

Adversarial examples (AEs) are images that can mislead deep neural network (DNN) classifiers via introducing slight perturbations into original images. This security vulnerability has led to vast research in recent years because it can introduce real-world threats into systems that rely on neural networks. Yet, a deep understanding of the characteristics of adversarial examples has remained elusive. We propose a new way of achieving such understanding through a recent development, namely, invertible neural models with Lipschitz continuous mapping functions from the input to the output. With the ability to invert any latent representation back to its corresponding input image, we can investigate adversarial examples at a deeper level and disentangle the adversarial example's latent representation. Given this new perspective, we propose a fast latent space adversarial example generation method that could accelerate adversarial training. Moreover, this new perspective could contribute to new ways of adversarial example detection.
New frontiers for metasurfaces: from ultra-broadband metalenses to nonlocal meta-optics

The field of metasurfaces holds the promise of fundamentally innovating different areas of electromagnetics, optics and photonics. In this talk, we present our recent efforts on some exciting topics at the frontiers of this field, with particular focus on ultra-broadband metalenses and nonlocal meta-optics. We present fundamental bandwidth limits on achromatic metalenses, independent of their implementation, and we discuss potential directions to approach and bypass these bounds. In the second part of the talk, we present our recent efforts on metasurfaces that are both nonlocal and laterally inhomogeneous, which open new opportunities for ultra-compact focusing systems and more advanced functionalities.
Use of MyChart after discharge from the NICU as a novel communication method to answer parental non-emergency questions

Background: Parents often get overwhelmed by the responsibility of taking care of their child after discharge from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Also, the Pediatrician, who may not be in the same health system, might have questions related to the stay of the child in the NICU. MyChart is a patient portal which could fill this gap in continuity. MyChart was developed by Epic (version 2015, Epic Systems Corporation, 1979 Milky Way, Verona, WI 53593) …
Return‐to‐sport quadriceps strength symmetry impacts 5‐year cartilage integrity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A preliminary analysis

Quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry at the time of return to sports participation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction contributes to worse function and asymmetric landing patterns, but the impact on longitudinal outcomes is not known. This study determined if young athletes after ACL reconstruction with quadriceps femoris strength asymmetry at a return to sports clearance would demonstrate markers of knee cartilage degeneration 5 years later compared to those with symmetric quadriceps femoris strength at return to sports. Participants (n = 27) were enrolled at the time of medical clearance for sports participation (baseline testing) and followed for 5 years. At baseline, quadriceps femoris strength was measured bilaterally and a limb symmetry index was used to divide the cohort into two groups: return to sport clearance with high quadriceps femoris strength (RTS-HQ; limb symmetry index ≥ 90%) and return to sport clearance with low quadriceps femoris strength (RTS-LQ; limb symmetry index < 85%). At 5 years post-baseline, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (T2 relaxation times (ms): involved knee medial/lateral femoral condyle and tibial plateau) data were collected. Group differences were evaluated with independent samples t tests. At 5 years post-return to sports, the RTS-LQ strength group (n = 14) demonstrated elevated T2 relaxation times at the anterior region of the lateral femoral condyle compared to the RTS-HQ strength group (n = 13). Clinical Significance: Just over 50% of this cohort was cleared for sports participation with involved limb quadriceps femoris strength deficits that may contribute to early markers of knee cartilage degeneration within the subsequent 5 years.
Prospective Randomized Study of Advance Directives in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Background Advance directives (AD) offer the opportunity for goal-concordant care at the end of life (EOL). However, fewer than half of HCT recipients have a documented AD. We hypothesized that the use of a novel AD-the Stanford What Matters Most Letter (Letter AD)-developed to assess patients' values, goals, and EOL wishes would result in a greater proportion of AD completion among HCT recipients. We therefore conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study of the traditional California AD vs. the Letter AD in adult allogeneic HCT recipients. Methods Patients >= 18 years old undergoing first allogeneic HCT at Stanford University were eligible. Prior to HCT conditioning, enrolled patients were randomly assigned to complete either the traditional California AD or the Letter AD, and all patients received a sociodemographic survey and a survey evaluating their opinions regarding the AD form they received. Patients were asked to return all research forms at the time of their transplant admission; a research assistant placed a reminder call to each patient prior to scheduled transplant. The primary endpoint was AD completion; secondary endpoints included EOL wishes as documented on the AD and patient preferences and opinions regarding the AD version they received. Results Between March 2017 and August 2018, 212 patients were eligible, of whom 126 (59.4%) were enrolled and randomized. Among the 84 who declined, the primary reason was already having an AD (N=34). The median age was 57 years (IQR 45-64); 54.8% were male; 58.7% were non-Hispanic White; and 72.3% had AML/MDS. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline socio-demographics between study arms. The overall AD completion rate was 71.6% and did not differ between the Traditional and Letter AD study arms (70.3% vs 72.6%, P=0.78). Preferences for EOL among responders are described in Table 1. The Letter AD uncovered that 66.7%, 42.2%, and 46.7% of patients actively wished to die gently/naturally, at home, and/or with hospice, respectively, whereas the traditional AD found that 62.2% wished to not prolong life if recovery was unlikely. Figure 1 portrays participant responses to the AD opinion survey; non-significant trends suggested that patients found the Letter AD favorable in terms of identifying what matters most to them, describing medical preferences to family, and stimulating thinking about the topic. Conclusion Completion rates of AD amongst allogeneic HCT recipients on this study were high and did not differ based upon AD version. Most patients wish to die naturally/do not wish to prolong care at EOL. Non-significant trends favored the Letter AD over the Traditional AD across several domains of patient preference.
Implementation stages in practice: A review of behavioral health innovation within hospitals.

Behavioral health influences patient health outcomes and healthcare utilization rates. Hospitals are promising settings for appropriate identification, treatment, and referral of behavioral health ...
Light Field Networks: Neural Scene Representations with Single-Evaluation Rendering

Inferring representations of 3D scenes from 2D observations is a fundamental problem of computer graphics, computer vision, and artificial intelligence. Emerging 3D-structured neural scene representations are a promising approach to 3D scene understanding. In this work, we propose a novel neural scene representation, Light Field Networks or LFNs, which represent both geometry and appearance of the underlying 3D scene in a 360-degree, four-dimensional light field parameterized via a neural implicit representation. Rendering a ray from an LFN requires only a *single* network evaluation, as opposed to hundreds of evaluations per ray for ray-marching or volumetric based renderers in 3D-structured neural scene representations. In the setting of simple scenes, we leverage meta-learning to learn a prior over LFNs that enables multi-view consistent light field reconstruction from as little as a single image observation. This results in dramatic reductions in time and memory complexity, and enables real-time rendering. The cost of storing a 360-degree light field via an LFN is two orders of magnitude lower than conventional methods such as the Lumigraph. Utilizing the analytical differentiability of neural implicit representations and a novel parameterization of light space, we further demonstrate the extraction of sparse depth maps from LFNs.
Identification and storage of plastics in libraries and archives

The safe storage and handling of plastic objects presents a pressing and often overlooked problem in many library and archival collections. Plastics are notoriously difficult to care for because th...
RUSC2 and WDR47 oppositely regulate kinesin-1-dependent distribution of ATG9A to the cell periphery

Autophagy-related protein 9 (ATG9) is a transmembrane protein component of the autophagy machinery that cycles between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) in the perinuclear area and other compartments i...
Information and Communication Technologies Mediated Environmental Collective Action in Rural China: Reconstructing State-Society Relations

This study examines environmental collective action in rural China which is mediated by ICTs and its political influences. Based on cross-case studies and fuzzy-set analysis of in-depth interview data, it is found that the level of ICT development does not correlate to the utilization of ICT for environmental movement on a collective basis, as factors such as awareness of ICT's role in organization, documentation and information gathering, level of knowledge about related policies and laws, existence of leadership and solidarity in the community, literacy would function as barriers to prevent villagers from uniting as a collective to work towards public goods. This study also finds that successful ICT-mediated environmental movement in rural China can help improve state-society relations and contribute to liberalization in China, by facilitating interaction and mutual engagement of rural residents and the local governments and thus enhancing villagers' political confidence in the government.
Knowledge Based Semantic Query Optimization

Semantic query optimization is a process of using integrity constraints and other semantic knowledge to transform a query into another equivalent one. This paper describes one approach to semantic query optimization based on precompiling the integrity constraints and gathering some information after processing a query that might be helpful for successive queries. Once ICs are compiled, all the queries will use the compiled form of ICs for optimization which will reduce the optimization time significantly. Knowledge acquired during the processing of a query is stored as temporary ICs or as control knowledge which can guide the search process of the database for future queries.
A comparative study of isoelectronic and isogyric reactions.: Part 2. Molecular orbital calculations of diatomic sulfides, oxides and halides

Abstract Enthalpies of reaction for reactions involving diatomic sulfides and oxides have been calculated at the MP n /6–31G ∗∗ ( n = 2–4) and MP4SDTQ/6–311G(2df,2pd) levels. Enthalpies of formation and singlet-triplet and doublet-quartet energy splittings have also been obtained. The species investigated include ArS + , ArO + , NeS + , NeO + , ArCl + , NeCl + , HS and HS + . The reactions investigated include proton transfer, halogen atom transfer and charge transfer. In order to facilitate the study of reaction enthalpies, the reactions have been divided into four categories: (1) isogyric and the reactant and product pairs are isoelectronic; (2) isogyric and the reactant and product pairs are valence isoelectronic; (3) isogyric; (4) not even isogyric. The results from this study are compared to those from our earlier study. It is found that the MP4SDTQ/6–311G(2df,2pd) enthalpies of reaction reproduce the experimental enthalpies within 3.5 kcal mol −1 for all but nonisogyric reactions. MP n /6–31G ∗* results reproduce the higher level computational results and the experimental results consistently well only for reactions in category (1). There is also disagreement in the energy splittings obtained with the two basis sets. Finally, some suggestions are made to experimentalists about ion-molecule reactions that may produce the above ions.
Method of Conjugate Gradients for Optimal Control Problems with State Variable Constraint

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the method of conjugate gradients for optimal control problems with state variable constraint. The method of conjugate gradients is a useful computational tool in solving optimal control problems with state variable constraint. The method is basically simple and relatively easy to program. Although the search directions are only locally conjugate with respect to the Hessian of the performance functional, they still provide satisfactory convergence. The conjugate gradient method has a higher rate of convergence in comparison with the method of steepest descent; however, the difference in the rate of convergence is less pronounced for this constrained problem as compared with the cases of unconstrained problems. The convergence is along the expanding sequence of sets, the intersections of the linear spaces spanned by the search directions, and the set of admissible controls instead of expanding sequence of subspaces. In converting the constrained control problem to an equivalent unconstrained one by introducing a penalty function, the computational process involves more time in contrast to the approach that considers the constraints directly; however, it requires less programming work.
Stakeholders’ engagement in promoting sustainable development: Businesses and urban forest carbon

To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Matrix reactions of Zn, Cd and Mg atoms with NO2. Infrared spectra of M+NO2− species

Abstract Matrix reactions of Mg, Zn and Cd atoms and NO2 have been performed. Infrared absorptions in the 1220 cm−1 range show isotopic shifts appropriate for M+NO2− species. Bands near 950 cm−1 in the zinc experiments are attributed to a different ion-pair structural isomer.
The effects of pentoxifylline on the survival of human glioma cells with continuous and intermittent stereotactic radiosurgery irradiation.

Abstract Purpose: In linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery, treatment is delivered intermittently via multiple individual small radiotherapy arcs. The time lapses between the individual arcs permit greater damage repair and increased tumor cell survival in comparison with continuous irradiation. Because pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to prevent radiation-induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, where damage repair is critically linked to cell survival, we hypothesized that PTX would exert a favorable radiosensitization effect by reducing the recovery observed during intermittent stereotactic radiosurgery. Methods and Materials: The human glioma cell line T98G was used to study the effects of continuous vs. intermittent irradiation with or without PTX. Cell cycle patterns were studied using flow cytometry. Clonogenic assays of single cells and spheroid outgrowth assays provided a quantitative measure of PTX-mediated radiosensitization. The PTX effect upon cells in low oxygen conditions was also studied in vitro after enzymatic oxygen scavenging. Results: Flow Cytometry: T98G cells exposed to both continuous and intermittent irradiation exhibit similar arrest at the G2/M checkpoint. The addition of 2 mM PTX significantly reduced the radiation-induced G2/M block in both irradiation schemes. Clonogenic Assays: The same PTX concentration applied before a continuous dose of 12 Gy, two intermittent doses of 6 Gy, or three intermittent doses of 4 Gy, all given within a 1-h interval, consistently caused radiosensitization. The drug enhancement ratios for PTX were 1.5, 2.7, and 6.0 for the continuous and two different intermittent dose schedules, respectively. Adding PTX after irradiation yielded lower enhancement ratios than pre-irradiation application. A similar pattern was observed after total doses of 4, 6, 9, or 12 Gy, as well. In low oxygen conditions, PTX was seen to have the same effects as in normoxic conditions. Spheroid Outgrowth Assays: The in vitro PTX effects were replicated in the spheroid outgrowth assays. Conclusion: In human glioma cells, PTX abrogates the radiation-induced G2/M block observed after either continuous radiation exposure or intermittent exposures modeling clinical linac-based radiosurgery. The PTX-mediated reduction of the G2/M block translates into radiosensitization, most notably during intermittent exposures, and is presumably a consequence of diminished DNA damage repair at the G2/M checkpoint, though other contributing effects cannot be ruled out. The radiosensitization effect of PTX is sustained under low oxygen conditions. These results support consideration of the clinical evaluation of PTX to enhance the efficacy of linac-based radiosurgery involving intermittent irradiation through multiple arcs.