cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-term and thermal instability of carbon/carbon composite

Very stringent dimensional stability requirements for metering rods of the NASA/Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cassini spacecraft NAC (Narrow Angle Camera) were the driving forces to select and conduct dimensional stability tests of several dimensionally stable materials. Carbon/carbon composite samples, among the other selected materials, were tested at the University of Arizona Dimensional Stability Laboratory. Fabry-Perot laser- interferometric techniques were used to measure dimensional changes to accuracies in the 0.01 ppm range. Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), thermal hysteresis and temporal stability test results at 27.5 degree(s)C and 38 degree(s)C are reported here. The test results indicate that this carbon/carbon composite material, made from 2D fabric and pitch base fiber, appears to be the best among all tested nonmagnetic materials. A CTE of -1.5 ppm/$DEGC over the temperature range of -48 degree(s)C to +52 degree(s)C is reported here along with a temporal stability <EQ 1 ppm/year. However, demonstration of a relatively high thermal hysteresis within the temperature range of -48 degree(s)C to +52 degree(s)C was unexpected and a cause for further evaluation. A possible procedure to resolve this issue and an alternate carbon/carbon material design are also suggested here.
Access of solar electrons to the polar regions

Riometric and forward-scatter radio-wave absorption measurements at high polar latitudes in both hemispheres are compared with absorption calculations based on satellite observations in the magnetosheath to determine whether a north-south asymmetry in the solar electron flux occurred during a polar-cap absorption (PCA) event. Detection of solar electrons in interplanetary space is shown to have occurred simultaneously with detection of HF radio-wave absorption, indicating that the initial stage of the PCA was due to the arrival of solar electrons. A north-south asymmetry is observed in the electron flux, and it is found that the flux precipitating over the South Pole did not exceed the mean unidirectional intensity of the electrons detected in space. The ratio between fluxes in the low and high polar latitude regions over Antarctica during a period of solar electron anisotropy is found to be comparable with that obtained during periods of isotropy. These results are shown to be consistent with the idea of an open magnetosphere and with the conclusion that an anisotropic solar electron flux may be rendered isotropic at the magnetopause.
“Heart-Healthy” Menu Claims Provide Nutrition Consultation Opportunities in Ethnic Restaurants

Abstract "Heart-healthy" menu claims were examined in independently owned ethnic restaurants. Investigators hypothesized that these restaurant owners would not participate in formal recipe analysis nor include heart-healthy symbols on their menus. Data were collected in on-site interviews of 43 ethnic restaurant owners. Characterized by moderately priced menus, these mostly small restaurants (mean seating capacity: 95.26) served predominantly adult customers. AH owners expressed willingness to accommodate customers' demands for healthful foods. Most restaurateurs claimed at least 25 percent of their menu items were "heart-healthy," although none had participated in formal programs incorporating recipe analysis and menu symbols. The most frequent health claim overall (65 percent) was for low cholesterol. Low-fat claims for menu items were significantly more numerous ( p ≤0.01) in Asian than in soul food, Mexican or Mediterranean restaurants. Claims for reduced-sodium content were most frequent in soul food restaurants. None of these menu modifications was documented or based on recipe analysis. Only one restaurant's menu carried a printed claim about nutrition, and the information was incorrect. These independent restaurant owners did not join business or professional organizations and therefore could not access membership education programs. Needed nutrition consultation services include recipe analysis and education for correctly stating cholesterol, fat and sodium content of ethnic menu items.
Regional brain catecholamines and metabolites following THC, PCP and MK-801

1. THC, PCP, and MK-801 increased DOPAC in rat olfactory tubercle and prefrontal cortex without affecting DA levels, suggesting increased DA release. 2. Effects on NE and MHPG were not evident. 3. These two classes of drugs can effect dopaminergic systems independently of noradrenergic systems.
Heterologous receptor population for a chemotactic factor F-Met-Leu-Phe on the human neutrophil. Effect of pH and temperature.

Association kinetics of a chemotactic factor [3H]FMLP to its specific receptors on human neutrophils and the modulation of kinetic constants by pH and temperature were studied. The half-time for [3H]FMLP association to its specific receptors as calculated by a least-square fit equation was 27 min at 4°C, 13 min at 24°C, and 5 min at 37°C. The Scatchard plot of [H]FMLP binding to its specific receptors was found to be nonlinear, suggesting a heterogeneity of [3H]FMLP receptors and/or functional negative cooperativity. The computer analysis of the data showed two populations of FMLP receptors on human neutrophils withKd(dissociation constant) values of 0.17±SD 0.1 nM and 0.94±SD 0.1 nM at 4°C, and 0.17±SD 0.02 nM and 1.1±SD 0.2 nM at 37°C. The optimum [3H]FMLP binding at 37°C was observed at pH 7.5. There was essentially no difference inKdvalues at pH 6.0, 7.5, or 8.5. Our results suggest the presence of two populations of [3H]FMLP receptors on human neutrophils in support of previous observations of other investigators. Our data also demonstrate that association constants between [3H]FMLP and its specific receptors on human neutrophils are not affected by changes in pH or temperature; maximal binding, however, is dependent on pH.
The amino acid composition, antigenicity, and other characteristics of the satellite viruses of tobacco necrosis virus

Abstract Three strains of the satellite (SV) of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) were compared antigenically and in their ability to multiply with the help of different strains of TNV. Their antigenic specificity was not influenced by the strain of TNV but depended on the particular strain of SV used in the mixture. Antigenically the three strains were distinctly different, and this was reflected in the 49 changes in the amino acid composition of SV 1 and SV 2 . SV 1 and SV 2 multiplied well in mechanically inoculated leaves, whereas SV 3 did best in tobacco roots infected by the aid of the vector Olpidium brassicae . An ambient temperature of 36 °, which inhibited the multiplication of TNV, also affected SV. All strains crystallized readily and virus was lost in crystals during purification unless care was taken. From amino acid analysis and two-dimensional peptide maps, the molecular weight of the protein subunit of SV 1 was found to be 22,800 and to contain 208 amino acid residues. Of the 208 amino acid residues, 182 were accounted for in tryptic peptides separated by ion exchange and Sephadex chromatography. In the TNV and SV association, the RNA of SV codes for its coat protein. On the basis of the triplet code, the coding for the coat protein would require 624 of the 1200 nucleotides, and therefore SV can code for another protein. The help required by SV from TNV is discussed.
Structure of financial markets and real indeterminacy of equilibria

Abstract This paper studies the indeterminacy of equilibrium allocations in an economy with spot commodity markets and incomplete futures markets for financial assets. We provide a description of the degree of indeterminacy in the case of two-period economy with an arbitrary market structure, and in the case of multiperiod economy. By the degree of indeterminacy we mean the highest dimension a of manifold contained in the set of equilibrium allocations of commodities.
From Religion to Ethics: Andrew D. White and the Dilemma of a Christian Rationalist

In 1896 Andrew D. White published A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, a work which had consumed his scholarly passion for twenty years. His original interest in the subject stemmed from his difficulties, while President of Cornell, with Protestant sectarian critics. During those years, he answered opponents somewhat guardedly in lectures and letters to religious publications, but at the same time he began research on what he hoped would be his magnum opus, a work to demonstrate the futility of attempts by religious advocates to prohibit scientific inquiry and to defend essential Christian truths. "I wish the clergy to read it," he told historian George Lincoln Burr, "and if they like to attack it, and no university on my shoulders."' White's work was part of a widespread nineteenth-century attempt to reevaluate Christianity. Biblical higher criticism, studies in comparative mythology, and scientific investigation seemed to cast doubt upon the authenticity of Scripture.2 In the last half of the century, Charles Darwin's Origin of Species became a symbolic rallying point for both defenders and opponents of the new viewpoint. One of the first Americans to apply Darwinist theory to religion was the scientist John Draper. At a conference on Darwin's controversial thesis at Oxford University, Draper heard Bishop Wilberforce and Thomas Henry Huxley debate the theory that man's ancestors were anthropoids, and began to develop The Conflict of Science and Religion. Appearing in 1874, it used the theory of evolution to set an old problem in a new context before his American audience. Draper defined science as the agreement of obervations with calculations, and pronounced the conflict inevitable: A divine revelation must necessarily be intolerant of contradiction; it must repudiate all improvement in itself, and view with disdain that arising from the progressive intellectual development of man. But our opinions on every subject are continually liable to modification, from the irresistable advance of human knowledge.3
The influence of elevated magnetic fields on the texture formation of melt-processed Bi-2212

Abstract Melt-processing of BSCCO high-Tc superconductors (HTS) under an elevated magnetic field is an effective technique for producing superconductors with enhanced critical current. This result is a consequence of the high degree of crystallographic texture achieved in the polycrystalline superconductor processed under a high magnetic field. Possible mechanisms for the orientation of Bi-2212 plate-like crystals under the influence of a magnetic field are analyzed, in particular, the orientation of Bi-2212 superconductor crystals during nucleation, crystal growth and grain growth. In order to understand the relevance of each of these mechanisms, the effect of an applied magnetic field during the different stages of the partial-melt process is studied. Experimental results confirm that most of the alignment is achieved in the early stages of crystal growth.
Quantitative ultrasound backscatter parameters in the human cervix

Quantitative ultrasound has been investigated as a tool for monitoring cervical changes that might result in preterm birth. Backscatter parameters, specifically attenuation and the backscattered power loss (BSPL), appear to be two important parameters. Sources of potential variability such as the angle of the beam interrogating the cervix, the region within the cervix, the number of previous births, and the state of ripening, have not been systematically examined, but could contribute to bias and variance in parameter estimates. Results presented here show that attenuation was affected by angle of interrogation, region in the cervix, parity, and ripened state. BSPL in the nonpregnant cervix was affected only by cervical region.
Determination of acrylonitrile monomer in food packaging materials and in foods

An automated headspace gas chromatographic method is described using nitrogen specific detection for the quantification of acrylonitrile monomer (AN) in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) food packaging tubs and in the contained foods. For a limited number of retail foods, levels of AN in ABS tubs (ranging from 2 to 10 mg/kg) and their contents (soft margarine, butter and shortening) are reported (ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg), the results being confirmed by mass spectrometry (low and medium resolution selected ion monitoring). The latter technique was also used to quantify the levels of AN in the coatings of retail packaging films on a range of substrates, which were found to be between <0.001 and 0.02 mg/m2.
Assessing Gibb's Supportive and Defensive Communication Climate: An Examination of Measurement and Construct Validity

This project investigated the utility of Gibb's (1961) theory of supportive and defensive communication as operationalized by Costigan and Schmeidler (1984) in their survey instrument. As part of a larger project, 202 randomly selected faculty members completed a survey assessing the supportive and defensive communication behaviors of their current department chair. These data were then examined to determine the internal reliability and consistency of the instrument, as well as underlying dimensional stability. The results of this analysis indicate the presence of significant multicollinearity and a 4-factor, rather than a 12-factor, solution as originally hypothesized by Gibb. The article concludes with suggestions for reconceptualizing and interpreting the communication climate construct as a function of two underlying dimensions, including one supportive and one defensive behavior focused on task and one supportive and one defensive behavior focused on interpersonal relationships.
Giant Electrocaloric Effect Around T c

We use molecular dynamics with a first-principles-based shell model potential to study the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in lithium niobate, LiNbO(3), and find a giant electrocaloric effect along a line passing through the ferroelectric transition. With an applied electric field, a line of maximum ECE passes through the zero field ferroelectric transition, continuing along a Widom line at high temperatures with increasing fields, and along the instability that leads to homogeneous ferroelectric switching below T(c) with an applied field antiparallel to the spontaneous polarization. This line is defined as the minimum in the inverse capacitance under an applied electric field. We investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and an applied electric field on the ECE. The behavior we observe in LiNbO(3) should generally apply to ferroelectrics; we therefore suggest that the operating temperature for refrigeration and energy scavenging applications should be above the ferroelectric transition region to obtain a large electrocaloric response. The relationship between T(c), the Widom line, and homogeneous switching should be universal among ferroelectrics, relaxors, multiferroics, and the same behavior should be found under applied magnetic fields in ferromagnets.
Web Based Computer Lab Imaging with Grimiore

We present Grimiore, a web-based frontend for the disk imaging software Clonezilla. Grimiore was created to maintain computer labs in an academic setting. Each class had different needs for software and operating systems, yet classes compromise on what is installed so they can coexist in the same lab. Reinstalling the operating systems on the lab computers takes too long to be done daily, for each class. Labs, which are maintained by the professors, also face the problem of malfunctioning computers, and the time needed to troubleshoot the issue or reinstall the computer's operating system is often not available during the semester.Grimiore allows administrators to restore and maintain an entire lab of computers, rather than a single computer or a single homogenous image. Administrators can create a lab configuration for each use of the lab, and restore them with a single option. Grimiore stores configuration data for each computer in each class, allowing lab configuration to contain heterogeneous images. Finally, Grimiore is web-based and provides administrative control over the entire imaging system, as well as user level control over a single client computer. Professors can modify entire labs with one operation. Students can repair the computer they are logged into.
Monoamniotic twinning and zona manipulation: a survey of U.S. IVF centers correlating zona manipulation procedures and high-risk twinning frequency.

Purpose: An anonymous survey of IVF centers in the United States was employed to calculate frequencies of multiple gestation, monozygotic multiple gestation, and monoamniotic multiple gestation. Rates for zona-manipulated (ICSI, SUZI, zona drilling, mechanical assisted hatching) and non-manipulated pregnancies were compared. Results: From 42 IVF centers in the United States, a total of 143 pregnancies was ascertained from zona-manipulated cycles. A multiple gestation frequency of 16.1% was reported. Five monoamniotic twin gestations were identified: four from manipulated cycles and one from a nonmanipulated cycle. All monoamniotic twin gestations resulted in live births, although three showed significant intrauterine growth discordance and one newborn was diagnosed with the VATER malformation sequence. Conclusions: Monoamniotic multiple gestations may be increased in zona-manipulated cycles. The potential obstetric risks and complications of zona manipulation should be discussed with patients.
No Relief from Politics: Machine Bosses and Civil Works

This article focuses on the Last Hurrah thesis, which argues that New Deal social welfare crippled the old-time city machines. In contradiction to this thesis, the author argues that New Deal work ...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac support in children

Background. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for cardiac failure has been used in children since 1981 at the Children's Hospital in Pittsburgh. Most children required support after cardiac operations. Recently, however, a larger number of patients with decompensated cardiomyopathy or myocarditis have been supported with ECMO, which was used as a bridge to transplantation in most. Methods. From 1981 to 1994, 68 children were placed on ECMO for cardiac support. Results. The overall survival for the entire time period was 38%, with the more recent experience survival increased to 47%. In 14 children, ECMO was used as a bridge to transplantation, with 9 children receiving a heart transplant and 7 long-term survivors. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has also been used to resuscitate 11 children after sudden cardiac arrest, with a long-term survival of 53%. Conclusions. We conclude that ECMO support for severe cardiac failure is effective. Patient selection and the use of heart transplantation for intractable heart failure have improved the overall survival.
Wide-angular-aperture acousto-optic devices

A new class of acousto-optic device that simultaneously achieves a wide angular aperture, broad bandwidth, and high diffraction efficiency is presented. Parallel tangents and beam steering are used simultaneously, which enhances the product of acceptance angle, bandwidth, and diffraction efficiency to be larger than that of isotropic acousto-optic devices by more than one order of magnitude and to be larger than that of tangentially matched acousto-optic devices by more than four times. A wide-angular-aperture acousto-optic device with a center frequency of 150 MHz and operating at 514.5 nm was optimally designed, fabricated, and its performance measured. The consistency between experiment and theory is excellent. This device can also be used as a high speed and high efficiency modulator without any change in design. This was verified experimentally and risetime of 11.7 ns was obtained. Thus, this device can be optimally used as both a wide-angular-aperture Bragg cell/deflector and a high speed modulator.
Drought-induced amplification of local and regional West Nile virus infection rates in New Jersey.

ABSTRACT This study looked at the influence of interannual variations in temperature and precipitation on seasonal mosquito abundances, the prevalence of West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) in the northeastern United States, and the capacity for local mosquito communities to maintain and transmit WNV, defined as vector community competence. Vector and virus surveillance took place within Middlesex County in New Jersey over two transmission seasons (2010 and 2011). Drought conditions during the 2010 season were associated with significant increases in the number of blood-fed Culex spp. mosquitoes collected per week, and significant increases in vector community competence, or the ability of local vector communities to transmit WNV, when compared with the wetter and milder 2011 season. These increases were associated with significantly higher weekly WNV infection rates in Culex spp. (i.e., Culex pipiens L. and Culex restuans L.) during the 2010 drought season. On a larger scale, the...
Computing measures of simplicity of fit for loadings in factor-analytically derived scales

A very simple structure is sought when factor analysis is used to develop measurement scales. The SIMLOAD program computes measures of factorial simplicity for rows and columns of loading matrices (usually the factor pattern) as well as some overall measures. These include Kaiser's (1974) index of factorial simplicity for variables (rows), the author's scale fit index for factors (columns), Bentler's (1977) scale-free matrix measure, and hyperplane counts. Routine use of these measures is recommended for multifactor scale development. The measures may also be useful in more general factor applications and in confirmatory as well as exploratory analyses. SIMLOAD also computes factor scale intercorrelations, scale alpha coefficients (including alpha when an item is removed), and sorted loadings for ease of interpretation.
Everyday Meanings of “Local Food”: Views from Home and Field

A “buy local” approach to food sourcing appears to provide an increasingly salient mobilizing framework for city, county, and state level governments; non-profits; and funding agencies as a response to problems in the agri-food system. One rather constant source of tension, however, has been a failure to develop shared meanings about what constitutes “local food.” This paper critically examines the multiple ways that “local” is constructed in physical, relational, and symbolic space within the specific context of Washington State. In hopes of extending the debate beyond scholars and activists, we sought the perspectives of a broad sample of Washington citizens using farmer and consumer surveys. Open-ended questions were asked about the meaning of “local food,” as well as structured questions about the values and practical considerations associated with food production and marketing. Although a number of obstacles to using “local food” as a mobilizing construct to address systemic agricultural problems bec...
Residential Interior Design as Complex Composition: A Case Study of a High School Senior's Composing Process.

This research analyzed the composing processes of one high school student as she designed the interiors of homes for a course in interior design. Data included field notes, an interview with the teacher, artifacts from the class, and the focal student’s concurrent and retrospective protocols in relation to her design of home interiors. The analysis revealed that the object of activity in this setting included aspects of the motive (including the teacher’s constructed environment and attendant expectations, the teacher’s governing logic and common sense with respect to interior design, and the broader field of interior design as interpreted and implemented in the class) and both fixed and emergent goals. The student’s object-related problem-solving involved a hierarchy of problem-solving decisions and employed a variety of tools in solving these problems, particularly those derived from culture, reliant on knowledge from a discipline or field, and following from images such as narratives.
How long does it take to diagnose cervical dystonia

Abstract Background Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting movements and postures. The neck is among the most commonly affected regions, and diagnosis can be made readily through a simple clinical evaluation. The goal of this study was to explore how long it took patients to receive a diagnosis of cervical dystonia after symptom onset. Methods A structured questionnaire was administered at outpatient clinics of a tertiary care academic medical center to 146 consecutively evaluated patients. The questionnaire addressed the length of time from symptom onset to diagnosis, the numbers and types of providers seen before reaching a diagnosis, and treatments attempted prior to receiving botulinum toxin. Results A total of 108 patients saw a mean of 3.5 providers over a mean period of 44 months from symptom onset to diagnosis. For patients with symptom onset in the last decade only, patients saw a mean of 3.0 providers over a mean of 14 months. Conclusions Although cervical dystonia is the most common form of dystonia with clinical features readily identifiable by a simple history and examination, patients typically see multiple providers over more than a year before reaching a diagnosis and receiving optimal therapy. Improved awareness of the clinical features will enable patients to obtain appropriate therapy more rapidly.
A configurable-hardware document-similarity classifier to detect web attacks

This paper describes our approach to adapting a text document similarity classifier based on the Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TFIDF) metric [11] to reconfigurable hardware. The TFIDF classifier is used to detect web attacks in HTTP data. In our reconfigurable hardware approach, we design a streaming, real-time classifier by simplifying an existing sequential algorithm and manipulating the classifier's model to allow decision information to be represented compactly. We have developed a set of software tools to help automate the process of converting training data to synthesizable hardware and to provide a means of trading off between accuracy and resource utilization. The Xilinx Virtex 5-LX implementation requires two orders of magnitude less memory than the original algorithm. At 166MB/s (80X the software) the hardware implementation is able to achieve Gigabit network throughput at the same accuracy as the original algorithm.
Patterns of Depressed Affect During Early Adolescence

In this 3-year longitudinal study, the depressed affect of early adolescent boys and girls was studied with the purpose of distinguishing among those adolescents with chronic, as compared to episod...
Partially Layer Wise advanced Zig Zag and HSDT models based on the Generalized Unified Formulation

Abstract The Generalized Unified Formulation (GUF) for composites and sandwich structures is a computational multi-theory architecture which can generate a large variety of types of theories with any combination of the orders of expansion for the different primary variables. All the theories are generated from the expansion of six theory-invariant 1 × 1 arrays (kernels). For the first time, an extension and further generalization of the GUF is proposed: each displacement unknown is independently described (in an axiomatic sense) with respect the other primary variables. In particular, each displacement can present a Layer Wise or an Equivalent Single Layer types of discretizations with or without the Zig Zag enhancement which takes into account the displacements’ thickness derivative interlaminar discontinuity. The Partially Zig Zag Advanced Higher Order Shear Deformation Theories (PZZAHSDTs), Partially Layer Wise Higher Order Shear Deformation Theories (PLHSDTs), Partially Layer Wise Advanced Higher Order Shear Deformation Theories (PLAHSDTs), Partially Layer Wise Advanced Zig Zag and Higher Order Shear Deformation Theories (PLAZZHSDTs) are introduced and discussed for the first time. These types of theories are compared with the advanced Equivalent Single Layer, Zig Zag, and Layer Wise approaches. In the framework of displacement-based models, a Finite Element implementation of the Generalized Unified Formulation is presented for the first time and numerical evaluations of sandwich structures subjected to various boundary conditions are discussed. A challenging high Face-to-Core Stiffness Ratio (FCSR) is also adopted to asses the performances of this large set of new approaches. It is demonstrated that the Partially Layer Wise Theories provide a computationally efficient alternative to standard Layer Wise models.
A test for the detection of milk unstable to heat.

An accurate and rapid method for the detection of milk unstable to heat should be of value to the evaporated milk industry. Unfortunately, the literature has failed as yet to reveal such a test. Although a great deal of work has been done in ascertaining the relationships between heat stability and titratable acidity (5), true acidity expressed in pH values (5) (3), concentration of mineral salts (5) (3), and reaction towards alcohol of the whole milk samples (4) (2) (1), not any of these comparisons have been found to be sufficiently definite for advantageous use in grading milk for sterilization purposes. In fact, no test is known wherein the reactions of the test duplicate the reactions produced when milk is heated to sterilization temperatures and, consequently, serve as a criterion of its heat stability. However, a test that will give a truer analysis of the fitness of milk for condensing than any of the existing methods should be of value, and such a test is described in this paper. The test was developed from the results obtained when making comparisons between heat stability values of the concentrated products and the precipitating actions of numerous acids and salts on the whole milk samples, when such mixtures were heated to a temperature of boiling water. Mono basic potassium phosphate was finally selected, since it was found to be the most satisfactory precipitating agent. The actual coagulation was brought about through the combined action of the added acid salt and heat. This paper records a description of the test, results obtained, and a discussion of its limitations. Data are also presented show-
The human element in computerized conferencing systems

Abstract Three facets of ongoing field trials providing scientific research communities with the use of a computerized conferencing system are described. 1. The designed capabilities of the hardware and software that comprise EIES (Electronic Information Exchange System). 2. The research design for assessing the impact of this system upon its users. 3. Some initial findings about the human roles in the system and human reactions to this form of communication, based upon observation of six groups of users during the pilot period.
Bounds on fewnomial exponential sums over Z p

We obtain a number of new bounds for exponential sums of the type S(?, f) = ?x = 1p-1 ?(x) ep(f(x)), with p a prime, f(x) = ?i = 1r aixki, ai, ki ? Z, 1 = i = r and ? a multiplicative character (mod p). The bounds refine earlier Mordell-type estimates and are particularly effective for polynomials in which a certain number of the ki have a large gcd with p - 1. For instance, if f(x) = ?i = 1m aixki + g(xd) with d|(p - 1) then . If f(x) = axk + h(xd) with d|(p - 1) and (k, p - 1) = 1 then , and if f(x) = axk + bx-k + h(xd) with d|(p - 1) and (k, p - 1) = 1 then .
Electrocardiographic Studies of Cardiac Orthotopic Allotransplantation: 2. The Post-operative Puppy

The importance of including precordial leads in evaluating donor atrial activity and QRS voltage variations after cardiac allotransplantation in puppies was established. Double atrial activity appeared early and consistently post-operatively. Reduced maximal QRS vector was a sign of rejection. Earlier rejection signs included sinus bradycardia, transient sinus arrest, and nodal rhythm.
Complex-temperature partition function zeros of the Potts model on the honeycomb and kagomé lattices

We calculate complex-temperature (CT) zeros of the partition function for the $q$-state Potts model on the honeycomb and kagom\'e lattices for several values of $q$. These give information on the CT phase diagrams. A comparison of results obtained for different boundary conditions and a discussion of some CT singularities are given. Among other results, our findings show that the Potts antiferromagnet with $q=4$ and $q=5$ on the kagom\'e lattice has no phase transition at either finite or zero temperature.
Biobehavioral effects of extended salt loading and conflict stress in intact baboons.

Abstract Behavioral stressors may inhibit sodium excretion, potentially increasing plasma volume and elevating blood pressure during chronic exposure. Blood pressure regulation may be especially deranged during manipulations that further challenge the kidney, such as a diet high in salt content. The effects on blood pressure and other variables of combined behavioral stress (food/shock conflict) and dietary salt (12 g NaCl per day; 218 mEq Na+ per day) were examined in adult male baboons over the course of 1 year. Mean arterial pressure was not significantly elevated over baseline after 5 months of high dietary salt alone (6 +/- 5 mmHg) but was maximally elevated by an average of 17 (+/- 3 SEM) mmHg after 5 months of combined salt and conflict stress. Control baboons showed no significant trends in mean arterial pressure across the same time period. Individual subjects whose blood pressure was "salt+stress resistant" or "salt+stress sensitive" were differentiated by their degree of pressure diuresis and natriuresis, urinary free cortisol, and a behavioral index of stress sensitivity. The data indicate additive effects of chronic high dietary salt intake and behavioral stressors on blood pressure in nonhuman primates that are dependent on renal function and pituitary-adrenocortical activity.
Optical PPM Demodulation from Slot-Sampled Photon Counting Detectors

A scheme for the demodulation of an optical PPM signal from the sampled output of a photon counting detector is presented. The receiver operates on a time-series of samples, one sample per slot, from the bandlimited output of a photon counting detector operating in a photon starved channel. Algorithms to estimate the photon arrivals, interpolate the slot statistics, and estimate the slot phase in the presence of a sample to slot clock frequency offset are given, and the system performance is evaluated for a deep space optical communications link.
Structure-Affinity Relationships of Substrates for the Neutral Amino Acid Transport System in Rabbit Ileum

The apparent affinities of various amino acids for the neutral amino acid transport system in rabbit ileum were determined by measuring the inhibition of L-methionine-14C influx across the brush border membrane. The apparent affinity was very low for compounds lacking an α-amino group, compounds with the α-hydrogen substituted by a methyl group, D-compounds, compounds with tertiary branching in the side chain, compounds with either a positive or negative charge in the side chain, and in most cases, compounds with a hydrophilic moiety in the side chain. High apparent affinities were exhibited by compounds with unbranched carbon or carbon-sulfur side chains. Branched compounds such as valine and leucine exhibited affinities which correlate with binding of only the linear portion of the side chain. The calculated change in free energy of binding is 370 cal/mol/CH2 group which suggests the binding region for the side chain is partially hydrophobic. The affinities of families of analogues, derivatives of cysteine, methionine, serine, alanine, valine, and phenylalanine, correlate with their calculated octanol/water partition coefficients and are also correlated with apparent structural and electronic differences between families. The data permit a preliminary description of the functional geometry of the neutral amino acid transport site. The site contains a region for binding the α-amino group, α-carboxyl group, and side chain. The regions about the α-amino group and α-hydrogen are quite sterically limited. The side chain binding region is hydrophobic in nature and appears to be shallow, binding only the linear portion of branched or ring compounds.
Response of air stagnation frequency to anthropogenically enhanced radiative forcing

Stagnant atmospheric conditions can lead to hazardous air quality by allowing ozone and particulate matter to accumulate and persist in the near-surface environment. By changing atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns, global warming could alter the meteorological factors that regulate air stagnation frequency. We analyze the response of the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) air stagnation index (ASI) to anthropogenically enhanced radiative forcing using global climate model projections of late-21st century climate change (SRESA1B scenario). Our results indicate that the atmospheric conditions over the highly populated, highly industrialized regions of the eastern United States, Mediterranean Europe, and eastern China are particularly sensitive to global warming, with the occurrence of stagnant conditions projected to increase by 12–25% relative to late-20th century stagnation frequencies (3–18 + days yr−1). Changes in the position/strength of the polar jet, in the occurrence of light surface winds, and in the number of precipitation-free days all contribute to more frequent late-21st century air mass stagnation over these high-population regions. In addition, we find substantial inter-model spread in the simulated response of stagnation conditions over some regions using either native or bias corrected global climate model simulations, suggesting that changes in the atmospheric circulation and/or the distribution of precipitation represent important sources of uncertainty in the response of air quality to global warming.
Spectrophotometric determination of monophenolase activity of tyrosinase isozymes.

Mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1, o-diphenol: oxygen oxidoreductase) was partially purified and the oxidation of p-cresol studied. The conditions were established for a spectrophotometric determination of monophenolase (cresolase) activity, based on measurements of initial velocity. Tyrosinase isozymes were separated by high-resolution column chromatography on Sephadex A-50 (DEAE), and distinguished by substrate specificities. The ratio of classical manometric cresolase units (13) to spectrophotometric units was 3.85 for all isozymes.
Classification of knee dislocations

The concept of a dislocated knee has changed over the past 20 years to include a wide variety of injury patterns. Although a dislocation is still defined as the complete displacement (even momentary) of the tibia and femur from their articulation, the presence and acceptance of spontaneously reduced dislocations and cruciate-intact (PCL or ACL) knee dislocations make the concept of a “dislocation” somewhat limited (Figure 3.1). Combining this change in the definition of a dislocation with the current understanding of functional anatomy of the knee gives the clinician wishing to find the proper treatment of a “knee dislocation” a much more accurate understanding of what is injured. The need for an accurate and reproducible classification system for knee dislocations is extremely important in the management of knee dislocations. The description of a knee dislocation based on the position of the tibia on the femur has limited clinical application. Position description says nothing about what is torn (i.e., cruciate intact vs complete bicruciate injuries) and cannot be applied at all to most traumatic dislocations that are spontaneously reduced. Thus classifying a knee dislocation by indicating what is torn is important and will be described in detail in this chapter.
Determination of enriched histone modifications in non-genic portions of the human genome.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) has recently been used to identify the modification patterns for the methylation and acetylation of many different histone tails in genes and enhancers. We have extended the analysis of histone modifications to gene deserts, pericentromeres and subtelomeres. Using data from human CD4+ T cells, we have found that each of these non-genic regions has a particular profile of histone modifications that distinguish it from the other non-coding regions. Different methylation states of H4K20, H3K9 and H3K27 were found to be enriched in each region relative to the other regions. These findings indicate that non-genic regions of the genome are variable with respect to histone modification patterns, rather than being monolithic. We furthermore used consensus sequences for unassembled centromeres and telomeres to identify the significant histone modifications in these regions. Finally, we compared the modification patterns in non-genic regions to those at silent genes and genes with higher levels of expression. For all tested methylations with the exception of H3K27me3, the enrichment level of each modification state for silent genes is between that of non-genic regions and expressed genes. For H3K27me3, the highest levels are found in silent genes. In addition to the histone modification pattern difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin regions, as is illustrated by the enrichment of H3K9me2/3 in non-genic regions while H3K9me1 is enriched at active genes; the chromatin modifications within non-genic (heterochromatin-like) regions (e.g. subtelomeres, pericentromeres and gene deserts) are also quite different.
Overview for Lead Extraction (From the Past Tragedy)

Transvenous lead extraction is a tool in chronic implantable electronic lead management. Leads, just like pacemakers and ICDs, do not last forever and are much more likely to suffer mechanical failure. The removal of non functional or no longer useful leads, leads associated with an infection and leads that interfere either with blood flow or other therapies are rarely approachable without these effective techniques. These techniques are now well developed and when done with the appropriate training, personnel and equipment can be done safely and effectively. There is no longer a need for these situations to be a tragedy as usually the untoward situations can be safely handled.
Co-Determination in The United States?

The idea that employees should, by statute, sit on the Board of Directors, i.e., engage in management policy making, is a concept alien to the American culture. The concept is popular in Europe and, therefore, some knowledgeable persons believe it will soon be part of the U.S. scene. This paper recognizes the European success but identifies reasons why acceptance in the U.S. is not likely in the foreseeable future. Some reasons are: lack of class struggle in the U.S., emphasis on individualism in America, and little support by union leaders.
Atomic collisions, elastic recombination, and thermal diffusion during thin-film growth from low-energy ion beams

Low-energy (< 1 keV) ions are used in a variety of thin-film techniques. When low-energy ions are used during growth, the atomic mobility is athermally enhanced. This can lead to a significant lowering of the temperature necessary to induce epitaxial growth and chemical reactions. Athermal enhancement of atomic mobility in semiconductors can be described below the temperature for plastic deformation (T = 540°C in Si) by classifying the mechanisms involved into three categories according to their respective timescale: collisions, elastic recombination, and thermal diffusion. A quantitative model can then be derived to predict the conditions of temperature, dose rate, and energy to obtain thin film growth, epitaxial growth, and oxidation in techniques such as ion beam deposition (IBD), and ion beam oxidation (IBO). Using computer simulations, the dynamics of defect generation and redistribution, and the resulting thin-film growth rate can be investigated. Energies below 200 eV are found not only to minimize damage and sputtering, but also create defect distributions that favor surface recombination and hence growth. This elucidates the mechanism of thin-film formation with high atomic density, oxidation with a sharp interface with the substrate and epitaxial growth, and experimental findings on the energy dependence of IBD and IBO.
Rapid method for preparing bone marrow cells from small laboratory animals

Abstract A new method is described by which long bones may be removed from small laboratory animals for the preparation of bone marrow cell suspensions for use in immunologic assays. Bones are obtained free of muscle and cartilage, and the procedure is adaptable for use under aseptic experimental conditions.
Effects of short-term administration of nitrosamines on rat hepatic microsomal enzymes.

Abstract Pretreatment of male rats with the carcinogenic nitrosamines, dimethylnitrosamine or N -nitrosomorpholine, increased pentobarbital sleeping time (PST), and decreased liver weight: body weight ratio, content of hepatic microsomal protein, and level of microsomal cytochrome P-450. Associated with these changes were decreases in metabolism in vitro of ethylmorphine, aniline, p -nitrobenzoic acid and dimethylnitrosamine. Treatment with non-carcinogenic nitrosamines, diphenylnitrosamine, dicyclohexylnitrosamine or ethyl tert -butylnitrosamine decreased PST, and either increased or did not alter each of the other parameters. In addition to the above findings, specificity of the enzyme system that metabolizes dimethylnitrosamine was indicated. Whereas administration of ethyl tert -butylnitrosamine induced liver microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 and increased rates of microsomal metabolism of aniline, ethylmorphine and p -nitrobenzoic acid, there was no change in N -demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine.
"IM iD"eally treating multiple myeloma.

In this issue of Blood , Leleu and colleagues 1 and Richardson and colleagues 2 publish two different trials using pomalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM).
Mn[III] uroporphyrin I: a novel metalloporphyrin contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract We have used an intracranial 9L rat brain tumor model to determine whether a novel metalloporphyrin, Mn[III] uroporphyrin I (MnUROP-I), could function as an intravenous MRI contrast agent for brain tumors. In several experiments, 24 male Fischer 344 rats were inoculated intracranially with 9L brain tumor cells. On day 15 postinoculation, animals were anesthetized and the femoral vein exposed. Prior to the intravenous injection of the contrast agent, a precontrast scan (1 Tesla in a standard head coil) was performed. Thirty min after injection of the contrast agent, a postcontrast scan was performed. Although there was only a suggestion of abnormality on the precontrast scans, the presence of tumor was visibly enhanced in the postcontrast scans. In 3 animals scanned at 24 hr postinjection, persistent tumor enhancement was demonstrated. Measured tumor sizes on the MRI scans were consistent with sizes measured at autopsy and histologically. These results demonstrate that MnUROP-I is an effective MRI contrast agent for the detection of an intracranial brain tumor in the rat model.