cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voltage optimization for simultaneous energy efficiency and temperature variation resilience in CMOS circuits

A design technique based on optimizing the supply voltage for simultaneously achieving energy efficiency and temperature variation insensitive circuit performance is proposed in this paper. The supply voltages that suppress the propagation delay variations when the temperature fluctuates are identified for a diverse set of circuits in 180 and 65nm CMOS technologies. Circuits display temperature variation insensitive propagation delay when operated at a supply voltage 44-47% lower than the nominal supply voltage (V"D"D=1.8V) in a 180nm CMOS technology. Similarly, the optimum supply voltages are 67-68% lower than the nominal supply voltage (V"D"D=1.0V) in a 65nm CMOS technology. At scaled supply voltages, integrated circuits consume lower power at the cost of reduced speed. The proposed design methodology of optimizing the supply voltage for temperature variation insensitive circuit performance is, therefore, particularly attractive for low-power applications with relaxed speed requirements. A new design methodology based on threshold voltage optimization for achieving temperature variation insensitive circuit speed is also evaluated. The energy per cycle and the propagation delay at the supply and threshold voltages providing temperature variation insensitive circuit performance, minimum energy-delay product, and minimum energy are compared. Results indicate that low-power operation and temperature variation tolerance can be simultaneously achieved with the proposed techniques.
Molecular Testing for Long-term Rejection Surveillance in Heart Transplant Recipients: Design of the Invasive Monitoring Attenuation Through Gene Expression (IMAGE) Trial

Background Acute rejection continues to occur beyond the first year after cardiac transplantation, but the optimal strategy for detecting rejection during this late period is still controversial. Gene expression profiling (GEP), with its high negative predictive value for acute cellular rejection (ACR), appears to be well suited to identify low-risk patients who can be safely managed without routine invasive endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Methods The Invasive Monitoring Attenuation Through Gene Expression (IMAGE) study is a prospective, multicenter, non-blinded, randomized clinical trial designed to test the hypothesis that a primarily non-invasive rejection surveillance strategy utilizing GEP testing is not inferior to an invasive EMB-based strategy with respect to cardiac allograft dysfunction, rejection with hemodynamic compromise (HDC) and all-cause mortality. Results A total of 199 heart transplant recipients in their second through fifth post-transplant years have been enrolled in the IMAGE study since January 13, 2005. The study is expected to continue through 2008. Conclusions The IMAGE study is the first randomized, controlled comparison of two rejection surveillance strategies measuring outcomes in heart transplant recipients who are beyond their first year post-transplant. The move away from routine histologic evaluation for allograft rejection represents an important paradigm shift in cardiac transplantation, and the results of this study have important implications for the future management of heart transplant patients.
Development of a Robust Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Polymer (HPMC) and Surfactant (Dodecyl β-D-Maltoside) in Nanosuspensions

This report describes the development of a chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of a polymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and a surfactant, dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DM), that are commonly used in the physical stabilization of pharmaceutical formulations such as nanosuspensions and solid dispersions. These excipients are often challenging to quantify due to the lack of chromophores. A reverse phase size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) technique was utilized to develop an accurate and robust assay for the simultaneous quantification of HPMC and DM in a nanosuspension formulation. The statistical design of experiments was used to determine the influence of critical ELSD variables including temperature, pressure, and gain on accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the assay. A robust design space was identified where it was determined that an increase in the temperature of the drift tube and gain of the instrument increased the accuracy and precision of the assay and a decrease in the nebulizer pressure value increased the sensitivity of the assay. In the optimized design space, response data showed that the assay could quantify HPMC and DM simultaneously with good accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Overall, SEC-ELSD proved to be a powerful technique for the simultaneous quantification of HPMC and DM. This technique can be used to quantify the amount of HPMC and DM in nanosuspensions, which is critical to understanding their effects on the physical stability of nanosuspensions.
Risk-sensitive foraging: changes in choice due to reward quality and delay

Past risk-sensitive foraging studies commonly manipulated delay to reward and reward magnitude, but recent risk-sensitive foraging research revealed that changes in reward quality resulted in changes in a forager's preference for a variable or fixed return. However, no studies have investigated the effects of changes in reward quality and delay to reward on risk sensitivity. Therefore, the current experiment was designed to explore rats' preference for a variable or fixed option when delay to reward and reward quality were manipulated. Using a within-subjects, ABACADA design, rats (N = 10) choose between a variable and constant option that delivered six food pellets but the amount of sugar (i.e. reward quality) and delay to reward differed per condition. In each baseline condition, pellets were 100% sugar and delivered after a 2 s mean delay. Subjects displayed a significant preference for the variable option in all baseline conditions. In condition B, pellets were 20% sugar, delivered after a 2 s mean delay, and rats were risk indifferent. In condition C, rats displayed a significant preference for the variable option when delay was 10 s and reward quality was 100%. Finally, in condition D, subjects showed the strongest variable option responses among all treatments when both reward quality and delay to reward were manipulated (i.e. 20% sugar pellets and 10 s mean delay). Preference was assessed relative to the daily energy budget rule, the scalar utility theory and the sequential choice model. The sequential choice model provided the most comprehensive and accurate prediction of subjects' preferences.
Surveys Required to Design Nonstructural Measures

Structural measures reduce flood damage by controlling water whereas nonstructural measures must change the land use habits of, and thus in a sense, control people. Specific nonstructural measures must be designed to communicate hazard information and persuade people to react to it in accordance with public policy. Just as structural design requires information on local topography and hydrology, nonstructural programs (land use control, flood proofing, warning systems, etc.) require surveys to gather project-specific information to tailor communication and persuasion techniques to the people on a particular flood plain. These individuals must be identified so that information can be obtained to classify them according to their probable comprehension of information and willingness to yield to persuasion. Research is underway to develop workable survey techniques. Surveys of Atlanta flood plain residents provide initial indications of the range and kinds of variation a community can expect in response to nonstructural flood control measures.
Reading the Bible amid the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is a difficult, complex interface in which new postures, new possibilities, and new dangers are constantly emerging, so that reiterations of old formulae are at bes...
Application of GRASP to nonlinear analysis of a cantilever beam

The General Rotorcraft Aeromechanical Stability Program (GRASP) was developed to analyze the steady-state and linearized dynamic behavior of rotorcraft in hovering and axial flight conditions. Because of the nature of problems GRASP was created to solve, the geometrically nonlinear behavior of beams is one area in which the program must perform well in order to be of any value. Numerical results obtained from GRASP are compared to both static and dynamic experimental data obtained for a cantilever beam undergoing large displacements and rotations caused by deformation. The correlation is excellent in all cases.
The Subfamily Saldoidinae (Hemiptera: Saldidae)

The three known species of Saldoida are described and figured, their habitats and habits are discussed, and techniques are given for collecting these very agile shore bugs. S. slossonae Osborn ( = S. slossoni Osb.) ranges in the coastal states from New Jersey to Florida and Texas, S. cornuta Osb. from Florida to Mississippi, while the Oriental S. armata Horvath is known from Taiwan (Formosa), the Phillippines, and India. Subfamily status as Saldoidinae Reuter is recognized for these species.
An Epidemiological Analysis on Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis of Dongguan City in 2005

Objective The epidemic situation and surveillance data of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis of Dongguan in 2005 were analyzed in order to provide basis on making measures of prevention and control of the disease. Methods The descriptive and analytical epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, and the antibody level of IgG and the carrier rate of meningococcus of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in healthy population. Results Migrant young workers are high-risk population of the disease in Dongguan city. The carrier rate of meningococcus of healthy people was 0.16%. The antibody level of IgG of type A and type C were 2.72 μg/ml and 3.35 μg/ml, respectively. The protection rate of type A was 56.22%. The antibody levels of local population were higher than those of migrant people. The superior epidemic strains of meningococcus and their drug sensitivity have changed a lot. Conclusion More attention should be made to the migrant population in the prevention and control of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis. General immunization by group A and C meningococcus vaccine in migrant young workers is suggested. Some drugs, such as Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin and Rifampin, to which meningococcus are sensitive, are recommended instead of traditional sulfonamides in treating patients and selecting preventive drugs in controlling the spread of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
Principles of Vibration Spark Discharge in Stator Slots of Large Generators

The damage brought by vibration spark discharge in high voltage stator slots of large generators is severer than that by partial discharge.Therefore,we studied the cause and necessary conditions of spark vibration spark discharge.Firstly,principles of vibration spark discharge were studied based on a capacitive model and a main magnetic model.Meanwhile,the induction voltage and ground current of the corona layer at the middle and end sections of a bar were calculated and verified through experiments.Thereby,the reason why the vibration spark discharge emerged was clarified.Secondly,a model platform of vibration spark discharge in stator slots was established,by which the induction voltage and the ground current that influenced the emergence of the discharge were studied,namely,the voltage-current(VI) characteristics of the discharge.Finally,the optimal resistivity of corona layer,which could resist the discharge in stator slots,was calculated based on the theoretical analysis and experimental results.For example,for large generators rated at 600 MW,the suggested surface resistivity of corona layer is 7.2~18.9 kΩ.
Progress in evaluation of right ventricular function by echocardiography

Echocardiography is an important technology for evaluation of right ventricular function.Some traditional technologies such as 2 - dimensional and frequency spectrum Doppler are not ideal for clinical evaluation of right ventricular function.With the rapid technological developments,tissue Doppler imaging,strain and strain rate,three real- time dimensional echocardiography are gradually applied to evaluate the right ventricular function.This article reviews the characteristics and application of these echocardiographic techniques used currently in evaluating right ventricular function.
Comparison of transfusion reactions between the virus-inactivated and non-treated plasma

Objective To analyze the clinical usage of plasma with or without methylene blue /light(MBL) procedure in the recent ten years. Methods Plasma usage data at Southwest Hospital from 2004 to 2013 were collected. The patients were divided into two groups:the control group comprised of 294 226 patients whose plasmas were not virus-inactivated from 2004 to 2008;the experimental group comprised of 500 138 patients whose plasmas were virus-inactivated and treated by MBL from2009 to 2013. Transfusion reaction data were collected and analyzed between the control and experimental groups. Results The numbers of adverse transfusion reactions in the patients of the control and experimental groups were 31 and 49,respectively. The average rates of reaction in both groups of patients were 0. 15%,respectively. There was no significant difference in the rates of adverse transfusion reactions between the control and experimental groups. Conclusion The virus-inactivated plasma treated by methylene blue /light procedure was safe in use in hospital.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Presenting as a Massive Bladder Filling Defect in a Young Man

AbstractLarge intravesical prostates in relatively young men are unusual and present a diagnostic challenge. The anatomy and pathology of such a lesion are presented and various other diagnostic possibilities are discussed.
"It's not if I get cancer, it's when I get cancer": BRCA-positive patients' (un)certain health experiences regarding hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk.

Abstract Rationale Women with a harmful mutation in the BReast CAncer (BRCA) gene are at significantly increased risk of developing hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) during their lifetime, compared to those without. Such patients—with a genetic predisposition to develop cancer but who have not yet been diagnosed with cancer—live in a constant state of uncertainty and wonder not if they might get cancer but when. Objective Framed by uncertainty management theory, the purpose of this study was to explore BRCA-positive patients’ health experiences after testing positive for the BRCA genetic mutation, specifically identifying their sources of uncertainty. Methods Thirty-four, qualitative interviews were conducted with female patients. Participants responded to online research postings on the non-profit organization Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered’s (FORCE) message board and social media pages as well as HBOC-specific Facebook groups. The interview data were coded using the constant comparison method. Results Two major themes representing BRCA-positive patients’ sources of uncertainty regarding their genetic predisposition and health experiences emerged from the data. Medical uncertainty included the following three subthemes: the unknown future, medical appointments, and personal cancer scares. Familial uncertainty encompassed the subthemes traumatic family cancer memories and motherhood. Conclusions Overall, the study supports and extends existing research on uncertainty—revealing uncertainty is inherent in BRCA-positive patients’ health experiences—and offers new insight regarding uncertainty management and HBOC risk.
Hybrid electric vehicle analysis and wireless battery charging

In this paper, a diagram that depicts a mild parallel hybrid electric vehicle is used to simulate the energy usage and efficiency. MATLAB and Simulink were used for the simulation. All aspects of this vehicle are governed by the law of conservation of energy. The system uses a drive schedule of a driver within an urban setting. Many aspects were taken into account such as the vehicle speed, battery state of charge, and tractive power needed to propel the vehicle. This simulation helps us understand how a hybrid electric vehicle operates and may give some insight on how to improve the design of such vehicles. Related work can also be used to further improve the bigger picture. Wireless charging and automated control of large scale charging can improve the transfer of energy from sources to homes and charge stations.
Survival of hepatitis A virus and Aichi virus in cranberry-based juices at refrigeration (4 °C).

Viral foodborne illness continues to be a health-concern globally, with numerous fruit and juice outbreaks of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) reported worldwide. Aichi virus (AiV) is an emerging pathogen with limited epidemiological data. Both, HAV and AiV are resistant to low pH and can survive under adverse environmental conditions leading to transmission ease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of HAV and AiV in commercially-available cranberry-based juices (Cranberry juice cocktail, CJ and a 100% juice with cranberry, MJ) over 21 days at refrigeration (4 °C). Equal volumes of juice was mixed with each virus individually (final titer of 6 log PFU/mL) and stored at refrigeration over 21 days. At each time interval, the inoculated juices were serially diluted in cell culture media and infectious virus survival was determined by standard plaque assays. Each experiment was carried out in duplicate and replicated thrice. Reductions of 0.72 ± 0.06 (after day 1) to 2.3 ± 0.18 log PFU/mL (after day 21) and 0.63 ± 0.02 (after day 1) to 1.84 ± 0.14 log PFU/mL (after day 21) were obtained for AiV with MJ and CJ, respectively. Reductions ranging from 0.67 ± 0.03 (after day 1) to 1.09 ± 0.1 log PFU/mL (after day 21) and 0.93 ± 0.27 (after day1) to 1.49 ± 0.18 log PFU/mL (after day 21) were obtained for HAV at refrigeration in MJ and CJ, respectively. HAV showed greater survival than AiV in these juices over refrigerated storage. These results provide survival data of HAV and AiV in cranberry-based juices that can be used in risk-modeling and risk assessment studies.
Weight Matters: Health Educators' Knowledge of Obesity and Attitudes Toward People Who Are Obese

Background: Weight bias has been documented throughout society among clinicians as well as obese persons. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess Health Educators' professional philosophies, knowledge of obesity, and beliefs in a just world (meaning that people get what they deserve) in relation to their attitudes toward people who are obese. Methods: Members of the Health Education Directory, a national listserv, were solicited to participate as a convenience sample for this study. Participants completed a survey that consisted of (1) an item to assess Health Educators' professional philosophies; (2) items from the Anti-fat Attitudes Scale, the Global Belief in a Just World Scale, and the Obesity Knowledge Scale; and (3) demographic items (i.e., age, sex, educational attainment, and personal weight status). Results: Results revealed that participants embracing the behavior change philosophy scored higher on the Anti-fat Attitudes Scale than participants espousing other philosophies. Those who be...
Reversing Strain Deformation Probes Mechanisms for Enhanced Segmental Mobility of Polymer Glasses

Optical probe reorientation measurements were performed to monitor changes in segmental dynamics resulting from the nonlinear deformation of a polymer glass. Segmental dynamics were monitored in a poly(methyl methacrylate) glass near Tg before and after a series of reversing deformations in which the sample was extended at constant strain rate and then allowed to retract back to zero stress at constant strain rate. Evidence of a rejuvenation mechanism, as quantified by a departure of the segmental dynamics from the quiescent aging dynamics after the reversing deformation, is observed for deformations which reach 60% of the yield strain or greater. By this measure, a saturation of the rejuvenation mechanism is not observed until at least 5 times the yield strain. For comparison, purely mechanical measurements of rejuvenation, based upon the reduction of the yield stress in a subsequent deformation, were also performed. These purely mechanical experiments show broad qualitative agreement with the probe reor...
Virtualized Network Functions security attacks and vulnerabilities

Network functions virtualization (NFV) is a new paradigm in the network technology domain. NFV decouples network functions (NFs) from proprietary appliances and deploys these functions into high-volume servers such as the ×86. Instead of having NFs on propriety devices that are built-in software, NFV leverages virtualization to deploy NFs on high-volume servers. This will enable innovations and opportunity for industry and academia. In contrast with traditional networks, NFV reduces the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX). However, its security becomes crucial. Specifically, virtualized network functions (VNFs) are an important part of NFV. In this paper, we aim to investigate security issues in VNFs. Furthermore, we discuss security challenges in software defined networks (SDNs) when virtualized as VNFs. In this paper, we also highlight some important research directions in NFV that need more investigation to mitigate security attacks.
Estimating walking speed, stride length, and stride time using a passive floor based electronic scavenging system

We have developed a floor based personnel detection system to extract gait parameters including walking speed, stride length and stride time, we call it smart carpet. These parameters are validated with a GAITRite Electronic mat. The smart carpet is laid over the GAITRite mat, and subjects walked across the mat for 9 trials each. The data acquisition system of the smart carpet recorded the location of the active sensors, which were later used to extract the gait parameters. An excellent agreement for walking speed, stride length and stride time between the two systems is achieved. The mean percentage error difference for walking speed is 1.43%, stride length is −4.32% and stride time is −5.73%. For walking speed, the standard deviation is 4.39, which emphasizes that 68% of the error is within a 5%. We compared our work to the work done by a research group who used a vision based Kinect and web cameras system with excellent agreement.
Supplement use in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

e15037 Background: Vitamin and herbal supplement use has been steadily rising in the United States. Few data are available evaluating this use in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We an...
Subsequent primary malignancies after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the modern treatment era.

With the addition of rituximab and other treatment advances, survival after diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has improved, but subsequent primary malignancies (SPMs) have emerged as an important challenge for DLBCL survivorship. We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SPMs among 23 879 patients who survived at least 1 year after a first primary DLBCL diagnosed during 1989-2012, compared to the general population in California. Cumulative incidence (CMI) of SPMs, accounting for the competing risk of death, also was calculated. We found that the incidence of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) nearly doubled in the post-rituximab era [SIR (95% CI) 4·39 (2·51-7·13) pre- (1989-2000) and 8·70 (6·62-11·22) post-rituximab (2001-2012)]. Subsequent thyroid cancer was rare pre-rituximab, but increased substantially after 2001 [0·66 (0·08-2·37) vs. 2·27(1·44-3·41)]. The 5-year CMI for all SPMs (4·77% pre- vs. 5·41% post-rituximab, P = 0·047), AML (0·15% vs. 0·41%, P = 0·003), thyroid cancer (0·03% vs. 0·15%, P = 0·003) and melanoma (0·25% vs. 0·42%, P = 0·020) were greater in DLBCL patients diagnosed in the post- versus pre-rituximab period. This study provides insight into the changing pattern of SPM occurrence after the introduction of rituximab, which may elucidate the aetiology of SPMs and should guide future cancer surveillance efforts among DLBCL patients.
Prevalence of Functional Difficulties

This chapter estimates the prevalence of disability measured through functional difficulties. In Ethiopia, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda, the prevalence of functional difficulties ranges from 10.8 to 15.1%. In the four countries, the prevalence of functional difficulties at the household level ranges from one in five to one in three households. Functional difficulties disproportionately affect older individuals and women. Seeing and walking limitations are the most prevalent limitations in the four countries. A majority of individuals do not take any measure to reduce their functional difficulties, suggesting there may be scope for prevention. There is a strong socioeconomic gradient in prevalence. Prevalence is two to four times higher in households in the poorest quintile compared to the richest quintile.
Optimizing GaInN/GaN light-emitting diode structures under piezoelectric polarization

We model and optimize various light emitting diode structures under bias voltage to maximize emission efficiency with particular respect to piezoelectric polarization. We compare polar and non-polar structures, namely, wurtzite c-plane, a-plane, (11–22) semi-polar, and (001) cubic crystal orientations in self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson and drift-diffusion models. We consider both structures strained to a GaN pn-junction and strain-reduced systems based on GaInN templates. In light of numerous experimental findings of the actual electric field strength, we find it necessary to reduce the piezoelectric coefficients over those commonly cited. A weaker variation with composition or wavelength is the consequence. For the non-polar and cubic systems, we find a 22% increase of the electron-hole overlap and an 18% increase for the c-plane strain-reduced system at an InN fraction of x = 0.30 when compared to standard c-plane structures. For the green and longer wavelength range, we find that strain-reduced and...
The Effect of Germ Movement on the Construal of Mental States in Germs: The Moderating Role of Contamination Fear

In two studies, we examined a novel relationship between movement and anthropomorphism—the attribution of human characteristics to nonhuman agents—in relation to germs. Furthermore, we examined whether individual differences in contamination fear and disgust proneness moderated the effect of movement on the tendency to anthropomorphize germs. Following an initial study that demonstrated associations between imagined germ movement, contamination fear, and the attribution of malevolent intentions to germs, we conducted a second study that experimentally manipulated germ movement with a brief film clip of magnified germs. The results of the second study showed that the experimental manipulation of germ movement increased attributions of malevolent intentions to germs and enhanced the tendencies of individuals with higher levels of contamination fear to attribute some general human characteristics to germs (i.e., intentions, feelings). These findings suggest that the attribution of malevolent intentions to germs may be a cognitive distortion that contributes to the maintenance of contamination fear, which may afford a novel treatment target. Perceived movement may serve as an antecedent to the attribution of malevolent intentions to germs and thus exacerbate the tendency to make these attributions.
Written and unwritten rules. The use of alcohol by fraternities: A study of one college

The written and unwritten rules surrounding the use of alcohol by fraternities was examined at one college. Qualitative research techniques were employed to interview 29 students who were classified as independents and members of fraternities. These students were interviewed in focus groups and segregated by affiliation. Changes were made to the Colleges alcohol policy just prior to the interviews. Implicit themes that emerged include: a) social life centered around Greek Letter organization activities; b) Greek organizations tend to dominate the campus culture; c) members of Greek Letter organizations and independents perceive recent changes to the Colleges alcohol and party policies differently, and; d) social life was viewed as declining and drinking occurred secretly or off-campus. Explicit themes that emerged include: a) fraternities perceived that recent changes were imposed on them with little input; b) the College was more socially active under the old alcohol and party policies, and; c) enforcement of the alcohol policy was inconsistent. This research was conducted at one small private, four-year institution where most students were from the same state and approximately 35% of the students were members of Greek Letter organizations. Given these limitations, readers should not generalize or assume transferability to other institutions or fraternities at other schools.
A highly reconfigurable 65nm CMOS RF-to-bits transceiver for full-band multicarrier TDD/FDD 2G/3G/4G/5G macro basestations

This paper presents a 65nm 2-TX, 2-RX RF-to-bits basestation transceiver with 200MHz large-signal BW and 450MHz DPD synthesis/observation BW, and LO frequencies from 400MHz to 6GHz. For FDD operation the TRX supports a low-IF mode that meets the dynamic range requirements of GSM basestations. It provides full-band multicarrier (MC) operation in all TDD/FDD 3GPP bands for 2G/3G/4G/5G radios. The SoC includes an 8×16Gb/s SERDES interface, two receivers, two transmitters, and a digital pre-distortion (DPD) feedback RX (FBRX) (Fig. 9.3.1). The FBRX employs a “stitching” system that combines the outputs of both RX basebands to provide 450MHz of observation BW. Three PLLs provide the digital/converter/SERDES clocks, a calibration LO, and an RF LO that meets GSM TX phase-noise requirements. Digital interpolation, decimation, AGC, TX Power control, and calibrations are managed by an integrated ARM Cortex M3. Internal calibration timing is adaptable to support 3G/4G/5G subframe timing requirements. The SoC is a single-chip solution for TDD, and a two-chip set for FDD. GSM requires an external Lo for the RX. Power dissipation in the maximum BW mode (2T/2R/1FBRX, 450/200/450MHz, 0dB RF attenuation, 50% TX/RX duty cycle for TDD) is 4.1W for TDD and 6.6W for FDD.
The cardiovascular system

The history of studies of cardiovascular function during dynamic exercise encompasses virtually every area of circulatory physiology. Investigations extended naturally from rest to exercise because insights into mechanisms of control often require the forcing of functions over a broad range to assure that insights apply generally and not to limited conditions. This thinking was most clearly expressed by Sir Joseph Barcroft (1872–1947) in 1934 in his monograph entitled Features in the Architecture of Physiological Function (7). Exercise has provided the ultimate tool for synthesis and integration in cardiovascular and respiratory physiology and in other areas as well. Of course, understanding circulatory control during exercise has intrinsic value as well.
Aktuelle Aspekte zur Epidemiologie, Diagnose und Therapie der Tuberkulose bei HIV-infizierten Patienten

Die Diagnostik und Behandlung der Tuberkulose (TB) bei HIV-infizierten Patienten hat sich in den letzten 10 Jahren weltweit stark verbessert. Dennoch bleibt die Mortalitat koinfizierter Patienten erhoht. Der Anteil von HIV-infizierten Patienten an allen TB-Fallen variiert in den europaischen Landern stark; in Deutschland liegt er bei 4 – 5 %. Die HIV-Infektion beeinflusst die Epidemiologie der TB und die Antibiotikaresistenz. In Landern mit hoher TB-Inzidenz werden HIV-infizierte Patienten nach Abschluss einer TB-Behandlung oft neu infiziert. Die HIV-Infektion beeintrachtigt viele Immunzellen, die an der TB-Immunabwehr beteiligt sind, und auch eine antiretrovirale Therapie (ART) kann nicht alle Immunfunktionen wiederherstellen. Das klinische Erscheinungsbild der TB bei Patienten mit fortgeschrittener HIV-Infektion ist oft untypisch, und eine disseminierte Erkrankung ist haufig. Neue „Point-of-Care“ Testmethoden versprechen eine Verbesserung der Diagnostik, bedurfen allerdings weiterer Studien. Die Therapie der Koinfektion wird kompliziert durch vielfaltige Arzneimittel-Interaktionen und dem Immunrekonstitutionsyndrom (IRIS). Neue Konzepte und Behandlungsstrategien zur Chemopravention der TB sind insbesondere fur HIV-infizierte Patienten erforderlich.
Relief of pain by anterior cervical-spine fusion for spondylosis. A report of sixty-five patients.

An extensive evaluation of the results of anterior spine fusion in sixty-five patients with cervical spondylosis showed that good results with respect to relief of pain were Obtained in 90 per cent. The factors predisposing to more favorable results were: presence of radicular symptoms preoperatively, presence of positive roentgenographic findings at only one vertebral level, presence of myelographic defects which correlated with the levels operated on, and achievement of a solid union without interspace collapse. None of these factors, however, were indispensable to a good result. Those factors which were associated with a bad result were: the presence preoperatively of long tract signs and the preoperative presence of subluxation of a vertebra. Psychological testing (Cornell Index) did not differentiate whether the results would be favorable or unfavorable.
Utilizing ion mobility to identify isobaric post-translational modifications: resolving acrolein and propionyl lysine adducts by TIMS mass spectrometry

Protein post-translational modifications provide critical proteomic details towards elucidating mechanisms of altered protein function due to toxic exposure, altered metabolism, or disease pathogenesis. Lysine propionylation is a recently described modification that occurs due to metabolic alterations in propionyl-CoA metabolism and sirtuin depropionylase activity. Acrolein is a toxic aldehyde generated through exogenous and endogenous pathways, such as industrial exposure, cigarette smoke inhalation, and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation. Importantly, lysine modifications arising from propionylation and acroleination can be isobaric – indistinguishable by mass spectrometry – and inseparable via reverse-phase chromatography. Here, we present the novel application of trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) to resolve such competing isobaric lysine modifications. Specifically, the PTM products of a small synthetic peptide were analyzed using a prototype TIMS – time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TIMS-TOF). In that the mobilities of these propionylated and acroleinated peptides differ by only 1%, a high-resolution mobility analysis is required to resolve the two. We were able to achieve more than sufficient resolution in the TIMS analyzer (~170), readily separating these isobars.
Electricity Market Mechanism Design for Grid-Connected Prosuming Communities

This paper develops and implements an efficient and incentive compatible mechanism for community level electricity markets involving presumption. The prosuming communities have solar generation capability and are part of a competitive market along with the grid. There is a market agent at the interface between the grid and the communities responsible for the market operation: sending generation assignment to each generator based on economic dispatch and make payments including information compensation that encourages each generator to submit true cost. The preliminary studies presented in this paper demonstrate that the mechanism design can create an efficient, incentive compatible marketplace by combining economic dispatch with an information compensation. It is found that the market with the mechanism is beneficial to both the grid and the presuming communities. This paper will help solar powered property owners and real estate developers to make informed decisions on investments on energy sustainability. This paper will also be instrumental for policymakers and industry stakeholders to propose plans to encourage more communities to be active participants of the renewable energy powered prosumer marketplace.
Using Sport Education to Promote Social Development in Physical Education

This article examines how the sport education pedagogical model can be used to help students develop social responsibility and prosocial values in physical education.
Anticipating Human Collision Avoidance Behavior for Safe Robot Reaction

For robots to effectively navigate in the presence of humans, they must safely leverage the human's perceived unwillingness to collide. Drawing on Viability Theory, we propose a novel approach to robustly anticipate human collision-avoiding behavior. We assume that rational humans try to optimally control their motion to avoid collision, but they are also prone to error, which makes their behavior suboptimal. We offer a robust control model which varies the level of optimality expected over time, assuming that humans may act unpredictably for a brief period of time, but their actions approach optimal collision-avoiding behavior as time progresses. We show how the proposed model can be used to produce a set of initial states for which a rational human will avoid collision. Further, we produce a robust policy which characterizes the set of control inputs expected by the human at any state. We illustrate our approach using two representative scenarios.
A PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR NEURAL PATH DELAY PREDICTION

ABSTRACT The neural network is modelled here in a discrete time manner analogously to the computer network by representing the four stages of the basic neuron component, i.e., neuron cell body, axon branches, synaptic region, dendrite trees, by the mathematical structure of interconnected Markov Chains. The state probability transition matrix for the neuron cell is generated by a queueing model of signal interarrival and service rate distribution data, whereas, the transition probability matrices associated with the axon, synapse and dendrite stages are computed from experimental link structure data. Both types of data are measured from neurons located in the specific section of the nervous system considered. The ultimate goal of this type of modelling is to accurately predict delays for all neuron paths, and enable signal frequency determination for such biomedical applications as electronic acupuncture.
Predictive Factors for Perinatal Outcomes of Infants Diagnosed With Micrognathia Antenatally.

Introduction:Advances in fetal imaging have allowed us to identify abnormalities previously not appreciated. With this study, we hope to identify factors predicting a difficult airway at birth and ...
Decreasing Door-to-Door Times for Infliximab Infusions in a Children's Hospital Observation Unit

Introduction Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often require infliximab infusions to manage their disease. Infusions administered in the hospital setting require the patient and their families to devote many hours away from home. Changing to a rapid infusion protocol has been shown in the literature to be safe and has the potential to decrease time spent in the hospital receiving infusions. Methods We describe stepwise changes made over a 4-month period to improve infliximab infusion efficiency and lessen the time spent in the hospital by IBD patients and their families. These changes included the implementation of a standardized order set, defaulting to rapid infusions for eligible patients, eliminating the post-infusion observation window, and improving the pharmacy's efficiency in preparing infusion medications. We utilized several established quality improvement tools, including a smart aim, key driver diagram, plan-do-study-act cycles, and statistical process control charts to measure these interventions. Results Within three months of starting, the average door-to-door time patients spent in the hospital decreased by 128 minutes (2 hours 8 minutes). This improvement amounts to 768 minutes (12 hours 48 minutes) per year of time returned for normal childhood activities outside of the hospital. There were no infusion reactions during the period monitored. Conclusions Implementation of a rapid infliximab infusion protocol made an impressive impact on freed family time without sacrificing patient safety. The changes we implemented could be helpful to other centers interested in decreasing in-hospital time for patients with IBD and their families.
A Comparative Study of Pre-bond TSV Test Methodologies

A comparative study of pre-bond TSV test methodologies is presented in this paper. The study includes the impact of interconnect wires and I/O transmitter and receiver parameters on the sensitivities of the test methods. We study four classes of test methods. Simulation results provided show that two classes, ring-oscillator based [7], [8] and pulse-shrinking based method [15], are insensitive to open and short defects. We also show that there is a trade-off in using the other two methods. The sense-amplifier based method [12], [13], [19] is sensitive to open defects. However, it has limited sensitivity to leakage defects and has limitations in its use for high speed I/Os. On the other hand the pulse counting method [18], [14] is sensitive to both open and leakage defects and can be used for high speed I/Os, However, it consumes more power and requires more time for tests than the sense-amplifier based method. These results can be leveraged to identify usage guidelines for these methods.
Sleep restriction and testosterone concentrations in young healthy males: randomized controlled studies of acute and chronic short sleep

ABSTRACT Objective Low testosterone in men increases the risk for various disorders. Severe sleep restriction (SR) may reduce testosterone, but the effects of long-term short sleep are unknown. This study tested the effects of SR on circulating testosterone in healthy young men. Design Randomized controlled studies of SR vs habitual sleep (HS) in inpatient (study 1, n=14) and outpatient (study 2, n=13) settings. Methods Study 1 involved severe, acute SR (4 hours time in bed [TIB]) vs HS (9 hours TIB) for 5 nights; study 2 consisted of mild, long-term SR (HS 1.5 hours of sleep/night) vs HS for 6 weeks. Plasma testosterone levels were measured at baseline and end point (study 1) or baseline, week 3, and week 6 (study 2) of each phase. Linear model analyses to assess the effects of SR on testosterone were performed separately for each study. Results Study 1: There were no significant sleep-time interaction on testosterone concentrations (change in testosterone levels during HS = 22.86 ± 163.79 ng/dL; SR = 43.73 ± 159.96 ng/dL, P = .41) and no main effect of sleep duration (P = .13). Study 2: There were a trend for a sleep-time interaction (P = .067) and a main effect of sleep on testosterone concentrations from 6 weeks of SR (P = .0046). Testosterone concentrations were slightly lower but increased over time with SR relative to HS. Conclusions Sleep restriction does not adversely affect plasma testosterone levels in healthy young men. Given prior contradicting evidence, confirmatory studies should be done to ascertain the influence of sleep duration and quality on testosterone concentrations in men throughout life.
Stag hunt as an analogy for systems-of-systems engineering

Abstract Systems-of-systems engineering deals with a special class of engineered systems that lack the central control common in traditional systems engineering problems. This paper introduces the stag hunt game as an analogy for the fundamental collective decision-making challenges in systems-of-systems engineering. The stag hunt models a dilemma between two viable alternatives: an independent strategy that minimizes risk and a collaborative strategy that maximizes payoff. Results of equilibrium selection theory provide insights to ensure collaboration in systems-of-systems including maximizing upside potential, minimizing downside risk, and mitigating systemic risk sources such as cost overruns.
Educação e expertise. A sociologia como “profissão” nos Estados Unidos

Traducao de “From Education to Expertise: Sociology as a ‘Profession’” de William Buxton e Stephen Turner. O artigo foi publicado originalmente em Terence Halliday e Morris Janowitz (eds.). Sociology and its Publics. The Forms and Fates of Disciplinary Organizations . Chicago, University of Chicago Press. p. 373-407, 1992. Traduzido por Juan Pedro Blois.
Artificial Multienzyme Scaffolds: Pursuing in Vitro Substrate Channeling with an Overview of Current Progress

Artificial multienzyme scaffolds are being developed for in vitro cascaded biocatalytic activity and, in particular, accessing substrate channeling. This review covers progress in this field over t...
Exercise and Oxygen Consumption in the Mouse

The mouse remains the most commonly used species for gene overexpression studies and continues to be the only species in which targeted genetic alterations are possible. The thorough phenotypic evaluation of genetically manipulated murine models of human cardiovascular disease requires the ability to study all components of murine cardiovascular physiology. The recent development of techniques allowing the evaluation of awake, unrestrained mice has advanced the study of cardiovascular dynamics during stressed states such as exercise. These studies provide valuable information about how individual organ systems respond under maximally stimulated conditions, with the possibility of uncovering subtle phenotypes not observed in at rest.
Reduced anti-inflammatory gut microbiota are associated with depression and anhedonia.

Abstract Introduction Characterise gut microbiota distributions of participants with co-occurring depression and anxiety, in those with only depression or with anxiety, and determine if gut bacteria differentially correlates with distinct clinical presentations. Methods Participants (10 healthy controls [mean age: 33, 60% female] and 60 psychiatric subjects; major depressive disorder (comorbid with anxiety), n = 38 [mean age: 39.2, 82% female], anxiety only, n = 8 [mean age: 40.0, 100% female], depression only without anxiety, n = 14 [mean age: 41.9, 79% female]) were characterized by psychiatric assessments. Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to characterize the gut microbiota in stool samples. Results Altered microbiota correlated with pre-defined clinical presentation, with Bacteroides (p = 0.011) and the Clostridium leptum subgroup (p = 0.023) significantly different between clinical categories. Cluster analysis of the total sample using weighted UniFrac β-diversity of the gut microbiota identified two different clusters defined by differences in bacterial distribution. Cluster 2 had higher Bacteroides (p = 0.006), and much reduced presence of Clostridales (p Limitations The sample is smaller and predominately female. Conclusions Reduced or absent Clostridia was consistently seen in those with depression, independent of the presence of anxiety. Conversely, reduced Bacteroides may be more associated with the presence of anxiety, independent of the presence of depression. These differences suggest that gut microbiota distribution could help clarify the underlying pathology of comorbid clinical presentation.