cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin conformal polycyclosiloxane films to improve silicon cycling stability

Electrochemical reduction of lithium ion battery electrolyte on Si anodes was mitigated by synthesizing nanoscale, conformal polymer films as artificial solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) was used to deposit poly(1,3,5,7-tetravinyl-1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane) (pV4D4) onto silicon thin film electrodes. pV4D4 films (25 nm) on Si electrodes improved initial coulombic efficiency by 12.9% and capacity retention over 100 cycles by 64.9% relative to untreated electrodes. pV4D4 coatings improved rate capabilities, enabling higher lithiation capacity at all current densities. Impedance spectroscopy showed that SEI resistance grew from 50 to 191 ohms in untreated Si and only 34 to 90 ohms in pV4D4-coated Si over 30 cycles. Post-cycling Fourier transform infrared and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that pV4D4 moderated electrolyte reduction and altered SEI composition, with LiF formation being favored. This work will guide further development of polymeric artificial SEIs to mitigate electrolyte reduction and enhance capacity retention in Si electrodes.
Evaluating sensors for the measurement of public life: A future in image processing:

William Whyte, one of the most well-known urban planners, documented hundreds of hours of street life using videos, cameras, and interviews to develop social and physical policy recommendations for...
Can restorative justice promote social justice

ABSTRACTCan restorative justice contribute to social justice or only to procedural justice? This question is taken up in this paper. A case is presented for restorative justice to purposefully addr...
Are Multidisciplinary Teams Worth the Investment

The efficacy of using multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for special education evaluation and programming is increasingly being questioned. Current research data provide only weak support for the conti...
SIGCHI Lifetime Research Award Talk: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Search

I have long been interested in how people seek information from external sources and make sense of the results. While the sources of information have continued to evolve over the years from libraries, to web search engines, to virtual assistants, many important challenges and opportunities remain. The success of any information retrieval systems depends critically on both the ability to support people in articulating their information needs and making sense of the results to solve the problem that motivated their search in the first place, as well as the need to efficiently and effectively find relevant information. My research combines these two dimensions into an interdisciplinary, user-centered perspective on information systems. My interest in information retrieval started in the early 1980's with the observation that different people use a surprisingly wide variety of words to describe the same object or concept. This fundamental characteristic of human language set limits on how well simple word-matching techniques can do in satisfying information needs. In a paper at the pre-CHI Gaithersburg conference in 1982 [6] we describe this problem as statistical semantics. (It is symptomatic of the problem that we subsequently used vocabulary mismatch, verbal disagreement, and statistical semantics to refer to the same problem.) Over the next decade, with colleagues at Bell Labs, I developed and evaluated solutions that involved collecting multiple descriptors for objects, and reducing the dimensionality of the representation using techniques like Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) [3][7] to mitigate the disagreement between the vocabulary that authors use in writing and searchers use to express their information needs. Similar approaches (combined with a lot more data and compute) are used to power modern word-embedding techniques that widely used in natural language processing.
Can a handheld device accurately measure barrier function in ichthyoses

BACKGROUND Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a surrogate measure of skin barrier dysfunction. Historically, devices that measure TEWL are expensive, complex, and require connection to a computer and energy source. Consequently, measurement of skin's TEWL has been limited to the research setting. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the accuracy of the handheld device gpskin Barrier Light® in comparison with a standardly used device, AquaFlux AF200® , for measuring TEWL. METHODS Transepidermal water loss measurements by gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® in ichthyotic and healthy skin were compared. RESULTS AquaFlux AF200® TEWL readings were consistently higher than those from gpskin Barrier Light® . In the pooled cohort, TEWL values were strongly correlated and both devices had excellent reliability. When subjects and controls were examined separately, there was moderate correlation between devices, with stronger agreement at higher TEWL values. LIMITATIONS Transepidermal water loss was determined at one time point. There is no formally established industry standard TEWL-assessing device. CONCLUSION Although gpskin Barrier Light® and AquaFlux AF200® devices cannot be used interchangeably, correlation in measuring TEWL was strong in patients with skin disease. This finding suggests that the low-cost, handheld device can accurately capture change in TEWL to track disease improvement.
A mixed methods approach to uncover common error patterns in student reasoning of supply and demand

Students of introductory economics are often able to predict changes in equilibrium price correctly on standardized assessments, but make consistent errors in predicting changes in equilibrium quan...
Electro-strengthening of the additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Abstract Structure-property-processing relationship has been studied in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such that the temperature rise was
First Bite Syndrome: Presentation of a Patient Status-Post Right Carotid Endarterectomy:

First bite syndrome (FBS) is a sharp unilateral pain in the vicinity of the angle of the mandible after taking the first bite of a meal that presents typically after surgery in the area of the ipsilateral parapharyngeal space. It is not confirmed what the pathophysiology is that causes this pain, but the proposed mechanism is the iatrogenic damage of sympathetic fibers that extend from the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) to innervate the parotid gland. The presentation of this syndrome has been acknowledged in patients who have undergone head and neck tumor resections, but it has not been documented in the same thorough manner among vascular surgery cases in the parapharyngeal space, possibly because of a higher risk of development in other head and neck surgeries, or to under-reporting of cases. To date, only 5 cases of FBS status post carotid endarterectomy have been documented in the literature. Definitive treatment of FBS has not been established. Some studies have shown improvement with amitriptyline, and carbamazepine as well as botulinum toxin injections. We will present the case of a 75 year old male who developed first bite syndrome after a right carotid endarterectomy with efforts of raising awareness of a potential acute complication of carotid endarterectomy.
Stochastic dynamics of barrier island elevation

Barrier islands are ubiquitous coastal features that create low-energy environments where salt marshes, oyster reefs, and mangroves can develop and survive external stresses. Barrier systems also protect interior coastal communities from storm surges and wave-driven erosion. These functions depend on the existence of a slowly migrating, vertically stable barrier, a condition tied to the frequency of storm-driven overwashes and thus barrier elevation during the storm impact. The balance between erosional and accretional processes behind barrier dynamics is stochastic in nature and cannot be properly understood with traditional continuous models. Here we develop a master equation describing the stochastic dynamics of the probability density function (PDF) of barrier elevation at a point. The dynamics are controlled by two dimensionless numbers relating the average intensity and frequency of high-water events (HWEs) to the maximum dune height and dune formation time, which are in turn a function of the rate of sea level rise, sand availability, and stress of the plant ecosystem anchoring dune formation. Depending on the control parameters, the transient solution converges toward a high-elevation barrier, a low-elevation barrier, or a mixed, bimodal, state. We find the average after-storm recovery time-a relaxation time characterizing barrier's resiliency to storm impacts-changes rapidly with the control parameters, suggesting a tipping point in barrier response to external drivers. We finally derive explicit expressions for the overwash probability and average overwash frequency and transport rate characterizing the landward migration of barriers.
Substrate-Dependent Sensitivity of SIRT1 to Nicotinamide Inhibition.

SIRT1 is the most extensively studied human sirtuin with a broad spectrum of endogenous targets. It has been implicated in the regulation of a myriad of cellular events, such as gene transcription, mitochondria biogenesis, insulin secretion as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. From a mechanistic perspective, nicotinamide (NAM), a byproduct of a sirtuin-catalyzed reaction, reverses a reaction intermediate to regenerate NAD+ through “base exchange”, leading to the inhibition of the forward deacetylation. NAM has been suggested as a universal sirtuin negative regulator. Sirtuins have evolved different strategies in response to NAM regulation. Here, we report the detailed kinetic analysis of SIRT1-catalyzed reactions using endogenous substrate-based synthetic peptides. A novel substrate-dependent sensitivity of SIRT1 to NAM inhibition was observed. Additionally, SIRT1 demonstrated pH-dependent deacetylation with normal solvent isotope effects (SIEs), consistent with proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Base exchange, in contrast, was insensitive to pH changes with no apparent SIEs, indicative of lack of proton transfer in the rate-limiting step. Consequently, NAM inhibition was attenuated at a high pH in proteated buffers. Our study provides new evidence for “activation by de-repression” as an effective sirtuin activation strategy.
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Neoplasia Risk of Colorectal Inflammatory Polyposis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

CONTEXT.— Inflammatory polyps (IPs) in inflammatory bowel disease may have been associated in the past with increased neoplasia risk. Additionally, colonic mucosa in filiform polyposis and giant inflammatory polyposis may be difficult to visualize during endoscopic surveillance, perhaps contributing to early colectomy in these patients. OBJECTIVE.— To examine the clinicopathologic characteristics and significance of IPs and inflammatory polyposis in inflammatory bowel disease. DESIGN.— We identified 336 resections from inflammatory bowel disease patients (212 [63.1%] male; mean age, 40.3 years; 175 [52.1%] with ulcerative colitis), including 78 with rare/few (<10) IPs, 141 with multiple (≥10) IPs, and 117 with inflammatory polyposis (including 30 with filiform polyposis/giant inflammatory polyposis) and compared them with 100 controls without IPs along various parameters, including overall and occult (unexpected) dysplasia. RESULTS.— There was no increased neoplasia in resections with IPs compared with controls, given similar age, disease duration, degree of inflammation, anatomical extent of colitis, prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and tissue sampling. Increasing numbers of IPs and inflammatory polyposis were significantly associated in multivariate analysis with ulcerative and indeterminate colitis (P = .003) and shorter disease duration (P = .01), but also, and independently, with lower rates of dysplasia overall, including all grades (P = .001) and advanced neoplasia (P = .04). There were no instances of occult dysplasia (any grade) among inflammatory polyposis cases. CONCLUSIONS.— These findings support the conclusion that the presence of IPs per se, and inflammatory polyposis in particular (including filiform polyposis and giant inflammatory polyposis), should not be considered an independent risk factor for the development of neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease patients, outside the context of disease duration and inflammatory burden.
How People Matter: Why it Affects Health, Happiness, Love, Work, and Society

Mattering, which is about feeling valued and adding value, is essential for health, happiness, love, work, and social well-being. We all need to feel valued by, and add value to, ourselves, others, co-workers, and community members. This book shows not only the signs, significance, and sources of mattering, but also presents the strategies to achieve mattering in our personal and professional lives. It uses research-based methods of change to help people achieve a higher sense of purpose and a deeper sense of meaning. Each chapter gives therapists, managers, teachers, parents, and healthcare professionals the tools needed to optimize personal and collective well-being and productivity. The volume explains how promoting mattering within communities fosters wellness and fairness in equal measure. By using the new science of feeling valued and adding value, the authors provide a guide to promoting happier lives and healthier societies.
COVID-19 outcomes in patients with autoimmune blistering disease.

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) are often treated with immunosuppressive medications, including rituximab, yet the implications of these approaches during the COVID-19 pandemic are not fully understood. COVID-19 outcome studies in AIBD patients are limited by small sample sizes and interpretation complicated by advanced ages and comorbidities common in this population.
Implementation of an Intrahospital Transport Checklist for Emergency Department Admissions to Intensive Care

Introduction Intrahospital transports (IHTs) are high-risk activities with the potential for adverse outcomes. Suboptimal care of a patient in our emergency department (ED) needing IHT to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) identified improvement opportunities. We describe implementing a novel checklist (Briefing ED-to-ICU Transport To Exit Ready: BETTER) for improving the IHT safety of pediatric ED patients admitted to the pediatric ICU. Methods A multidisciplinary team used the Model for Improvement to create a key driver diagram and process map. An evidence-based IHT checklist was implemented on July 23, 2019 after multiple plan-do-study-act checklist revisions. The specific aim was a ≥80% checklist completion rate for 6 months and maintaining that rate for 6 months. An anonymous, voluntary survey of ED nurses and physicians, 9 months postimplementation, evaluated perceived improvements in IHT safety. The outcome measure was the proportion of IHT-related incident reports, per ED-to-pediatric ICU admission, comparing baseline (2-year preimplementation) and intervention (1-year postimplementation) periods. Balancing measures included a quantitative assessment for any throughput measure delays and a survey question on perceived delays. Results From July 23, 2019 to July 22, 2020, 335 (84%) of 400 ED-to-ICU admissions had completed IHT checklists. Ninety percent of survey respondents (84% response rate) agreed that the checklist improved IHT safety. The incident report rate was lower in the intervention period (0.5% versus 2.3%; P = 0.03), with special cause improvement on T-chart analysis. Balancing measures did not indicate any delays secondary to checklist implementation. Conclusions This IHT checklist was feasible and associated with improvements in perceived safety and incident event reporting. Further studies are needed to assess generalizability.
Impact of surgical waiting time on the outcomes of patients with early-stage cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy

Objectives: Evaluate the impact of surgery wait-time on survival of patients with early stage cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Methods: Patients with clinical stage I squamous, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix, no history of another tumor or other cervical surgical procedure, who underwent primary radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy up to 12 weeks from initial diagnosis, with at least 1 month of follow-up were drawn from the National Cancer Database (2004-2015). Surgery wait-time was categorized into Results: A total of 4782 patients with clinical stage I cervical cancer who underwent primary radical hysterectomy were identified. Median time to surgery was 34 days (IQR:27); 1823 (38.1%) had surgery Conclusions: In a large cohort of patients with clinical stage I cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy no detrimental effect of surgery wait-time on overall survival was found.
'Being a patient the rest of my life'- The influence of patient participation during recovery after brachial plexus injury.

ABSTRACT Background Given the modest functional outcomes seen after surgical reconstruction and subsequent therapy, increasing attention is being directed to patient satisfaction and psychological aspects of recovery after brachial plexus injury (BPI). Purpose To better understand the recovery course after surgical reconstruction for BPI, we used qualitative interviews and focused on common points of frustration for patients. Study Design Qualitative, interpretive description study Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with BPI patients who were 6+ months post-surgical reconstruction. The interview focused on the patients’ experience with BPI, focusing on emotional aspects of recovery. Interviews were transcribed and independently coded by 2 researchers. We used inductive and deductive analysis to organize codes into themes. Once thematic saturation was reached, no additional interviews were conducted. Results We interviewed 15 BPI patients at median 13 months after surgery (range: 6-43 months). Our analysis revealed: (1) BPI patients expressed variable degrees of participation during recovery, with the indeterminate state of function making it difficult to adjust to life after BPI. (2) The uncertainty while waiting for improved function is frustrating to BPI patients, with many patients expressing concern for activities and moments they are missing due to injury. (3) While many BPI patients feel left out of decision-making, those who felt engaged in the process expressed less frustration and more acceptance of their status. Conclusion Traumatic BPI patients those who felt engaged in decision-making were more receptive to adjustment to their new state of function. When coordinating multidisciplinary care, measures to encourage patients to feel agency over their outcome and to develop self-management skills have the potential to improve patient satisfaction.
The Dilemma of Obligability

It may well be wondered whether further discussion of the free will problem can possibly be warranted. What William James wrote over nine decades ago at the beginning of his famous paper ‘The Dilemma of Determinism’ should hold a fortiori today, namely that “a common opinion prevails that the juice has ages ago been pressed out of the free-will controversy, and that no new champion can do more than warm up stale arguments which everyone has heard.” James went on to say, “This is a radical mistake. I know of no subject less worn out, or in which inventive genius has a better chance of breaking open new ground….” Since James wrote, the subject has gotten a good deal more ‘worn out’, but I believe that it still provides an instructive prolegomenon to, as well as an instructive application of, an adequate account of practical reasoning. Incidentally, I do not pretend to ‘inventive genius’, nor do I write as a ‘new champion’ of either determinism or of indeterminism — I have no idea to what extent events in the world fall under what may reasonably be accounted causal regularities.
William Penn: Quaker Humanist

There is a tradition of Christian humanism from Erasmus, Grotius, Mornay, and Amyraut that Penn probably learnt at Saumur and that served as an undercurrent to the rest of his life. While it is impossible definitively to prove direct influence, the similarities between Amyraut’s ideas and Penn’s later perspectives make the possibility of influence likely.
Literarische Anthropologie Ein neuer Ansatz zur Erforschung des 18. Jahrhunderts

In this article, the author is presenting – in the Polish German Philology – a new research literary method; in the German Philology – a main research literary method from the 90’s-a literary anthropology. The aforementioned literary research method is particularly important for exploration of the 18th century, when philosophy and philosophical anthropology were significant reference points for the literature and they both determined a present-day vision of the human being. Reaching back to the source texts allowed the author to polemicize with the widespread opinions, for example with a thesis about the potential faith of the Enlightenment in the almighty reasoning or possibly ignoring the reflective senses of the human being. The awareness of the imperfect sense apparatus of the human being and the need to improve it led to the inception of aesthetics.
Cultural Adaptation of the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle: An Assessment Challenge.

The Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (WEL), developed in English, was translated into Korean, field tested, then administered to Korean American adolescents. Means were similar for participants completing the scale in both languages. Challenges to the adaptation process, recommendations for further study of the Korean WEL, and implications for cross-cultural wellness research are discussed.
The Evolution of Institutions: Toward a New Methodology

Most powerful social science analytical tools are well suited for studying static situations. Static and mechanistic analysis however, is not adequate to understand the changing world in which we live. In order to adequately address the most pressing social and environmental challenges looming ahead, we need to develop analytical tools for analyzing dynamic situations - particularly institutional change. In this paper we develop an analytical tool to study institutional change, more specifically the evolution of rules and norms. We believe that in order for such an analytical tool to be useful to develop a general theory of institutional change, it needs to enable the analyst to understand the processes of change in multiple specific settings so that lessons from such settings can eventually be integrated into a more general predictive theory of change.
Teaching Feminist Legal Theory at Texas: Listening to Difference and Exploring Connections

Feminists who talk about teaching methods ask each other the following sorts of questions: Is there such a thing as feminist pedagogy? As feminists and law teachers, what should we be doing in bur classrooms to reflect our understanding that “the personal is political”? Now that we have conquered the issue of sexist language (at least in our own classrooms); now that we have proved ourselves sufficiently to consider breaking down the classroom hierarchy; now that we are present in more than token numbers (at least in some institutions); now that we have instituted courses and teaching materials that do not ignore women; and now that we, in the footsteps of our feminist colleagues in other academic disciplines, have broken the research barriers by publishing feminist articles, is it not time to give more attention to what we do when we teach? Is it not time to focus on the connection between feminist theory and teaching method? 1
Nearshore chlorophyll‐a events and wave‐driven transport

[1] Continuous records of temperature and chlorophyll-a [chl-a] fluorescence were used to characterize phytoplankton variability at two shallow intertidal stations on the northern California coast. Chl-a records from spring and summer 2007 and 2008 were characterized by distinct peaks persisting for 1.5 to five days. These peaks represent bloom events, which often coincided between the two sites even though they are separated by ∼150 km. Blooms did not appear to be directly forced by individual upwelling episodes. While some events were associated with reversals of upwelling-favorable winds, there was a stronger relationship between chl-a peaks and peaks in surface swell height. This relationship was dominant in spring and early summer, but no longer evident by July. We suggest that these nearshore chl-a peaks are an accumulation of phytoplankton caused by convergence of onshore wave transport against the impermeable coastal boundary. Scaling arguments show this mechanism to be consistent with observed chl-a increase rates. This mechanism has not been previously considered as a forcing for blooms at rocky coasts, and it may have significant implications for understanding coastal productivity, larval dispersal, and nearshore water quality.
Using literary texts to reveal problematic rules of usage

This article identifies problematic rules of usage for aspect (preterite/imperfect) in Spanish that are commonly taught in textbooks, citing as evidence examples from Spanish literature. The rules under scrutiny are: (1) the imperfect is used to express emotions in the past, (2) the imperfect is used for descriptions in the past, (3) the preterite and imperfect are associated with certain expressions, and (4) certain verbs “change meaning” in the preterite. Literary works not only provide an authoritative voice to expose these misleading rules but also furnish rich contexts within which to better understand aspect in general.
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in women over 55. Comparison with the general population and implications for management.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in patients 55 years or older. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1994, to January 1997, 8,175 cervicovaginal smears were obtained from patients 55 years or older (mean age, 64.8; range, 56-84) at University Hospitals of Cleveland. Ninety-six of these patients were diagnosed with ASCUS only or ASCUS with a qualifying statement on the smear. Patient records, follow-up cervicovaginal smears and biopsies were reviewed for a period of one to four years following the diagnosis of ASCUS. RESULTS: The incidence of ASCUS only or ASCUS with a qualifying statement for patients 55 years or older was 1.8%. The ASCUS:SIL ratio was 2.6:1. An estrogen stimulation test was recommended in two cases. Women older than 55 with ASCUS were three times more likely to be receiving hormonal replacement therapy than similar-aged women with normal cervicovaginal smears. Follow-up cervicovaginal smears or biopsies were obtained on 93 (80 cervicovaginal smears, 13 biopsies). The results were the following : LSIL (13), squamous carcinoma in situ (1) and ASCUS (53); the remainder of the cases were normal. In the patients who received a second diagnosis of ASCUS, follow-up cervicovaginal smears or biopsies revealed low grade dysplasia in six. CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of ASCUS and the frequency of underlying dysplasia is lower in postmenopausal women than the general population, there is still a real risk that a postmenopausal woman with ASCUS has underlying intraepithelial neoplasia. Therefore, these patients should be managed as is the general population.
Computer simulation and reverse engineering of trap-assisted generation-recombination noise in advanced silicon MOSFETs

Trap assisted generation-recombination noise spectra of advanced n-channel MOSFETs are numerically simulated using the drift-diffusion transport model and focusing on the bimolecular electron transitions between the channel and gate oxide. Good agreement between measured and simulated data is observed in both the linear and saturated regime of operation under sub-threshold and inversion conditions. Reverse engineering of the measured noise data reveals the discrete trap distributions in the oxide responsible for the observed spectra.
Localization and Interaction of Epitope-tagged GIRK1 and CIR Inward Rectifier K+ Channel Subunits

GIRK1 and CIR are G-protein activated inward rectifier K+ channel subunits that combine to form the heteromultimer IKACh, the Gβγ-activated atrial K channel responsible for the vagal slowing of heart rate. Epitope-tagged channel subunits were constructed by the introduction of distinct six amino acid epitopes into the C-termini or putative extracellular domains of GIRK1 and CIR. Carboxyl-terminal tagged subunits were activated by purified Gβγ subunits in inside-out patches when expressed in Cos cells. Interestingly, insertion of three amino acids into the putative extracellular domain of GIRK1 resulted in an inactive subunit that acted as a dominant negative subunit when coexpressed with wild type GIRK1 and CIR in Xenopus oocytes. The epitope-tagged CIR-AU1 subunit coimmunoprecipitated GIRK1-AU5 from metabolically labeled Cos cells. Immunofluorescence labeling of Cos cells localized GIRK1-AU5 to internal cytoskeletal structures that co-stained with antibodies against the intermediate filament protein, vimentin. CIR-AU1 localized primarily to the plasma membrane. Double immunofluorescence labeling showed that GIRK1-AU5 plasma membrane staining was detectable only when coexpressed with CIR-AU1. Copyright © 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Parameter Effect and Sensitivity Analyses of Fixturing Dynamic Stability in Machining

The dynamic stability of a workpiece in a fixture is a critical indicator of machining fixture performance and is affected by a variety of factors. This paper presents a parameter effect analysis of fixturing dynamic stability in machining based on a previously developed stability model. The effects of four major factors - spindle speed, static coefficient of friction, fixture layout, and clamping forces - on the dynamic stability of a fixtured workpiece are investigated and the predominant effects are identified. Further, the effect of imprecision of the static coefficient of friction on the fixturing dynamic stability is examined. A numerical example is presented and insightful interpretations are given.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Crystal structure of nitrido[5,10,15,20-tetra­kis(4-methylphenyl)­porphyrinato]­manganese(V)

The title compound, [Mn(C48H36N4)(N)], is a manganese(V) complex with the transition metal in a square-pyramidal coordination geometry and a nitride as the axial ligand. The complex resides on a crystallographic inversion center and only one half of it is symmetry independent. The MnV atom and the nitride N atom are equally disordered across the inversion center. The Mn≡N distance is 1.516 (4) A. The MnV atom is displaced from the plane defined by the four equatorial nitro­gen atoms toward the nitride ligand by 0.3162 (6) A.
RepPop: a database for repetitive elements in Populus trichocarpa

Populus trichocarpa is the first tree genome to be completed, and its whole genome is currently being assembled. No functional annotation about the repetitive elements in the Populus trichocarpa genome is currently available. We predicted 9,623 repetitive elements in the Populus trichocarpa genome, and assigned functions to 3,075 of them (31.95%). The 9,623 repetitive elements cover ~40% of the current (partially) assembled genome. Among the 9,623 repetitive elements, 668 have copies only in the contigs that have not been assigned to one of the 19 chromosome while the rest all have copies in the partially assembled chromosomes. All the predicted data are organized into an easy-to-use web-browsable database, RepPop. Various search capabilities are provided against the RepPop database. A Wiki system has been set up to facilitate functional annotation and curation of the repetitive elements by a community rather than just the database developer. The database RepPop will facilitate the assembling and functional characterization of the Populus trichocarpa genome.
Cyclic Hydroborate Complexes of Metallocenes. IV. Weak Unsupported Single Hydrogen Bridges in Cp(2)Zr{(m-H)B(X)CH(2)Ph}{(m-H)(2)BX} (X = C(5)H(10), C(4)H(8)).

The compounds Cp(2)Zr{(m-H)(BC(5)H(10))CH(2)Ph}{(m-H)(2)BC(5)H(10)}, 1, and Cp(2)Zr{(m-H)(BC(4)H(8))CH(2)Ph}{(m-H)(2)BC(4)H(8)}, 2, were prepared in yields of 59% and 51%, respectively, from the reactions of Cp(2)ZrCl{(m-H)(2)BX} (X = C(5)H(10), C(4)H(8)) with PhCH(2)MgCl. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses indicate the presence of an unsupported Zr-H-B bond in these complexes. In solution at low temperature (1)H NMR spectra are consistent with the presence of the unsupported Zr-H-B bridge in complexes 1 and 2. However, NMR spectra at room temperature indicate that the hydrogen bridge is dissociated into Cp(2)ZrH{(m-H)(2)BC(5)H(10)} and B(C(5)H(10))CH(2)Ph in the case of complex 1, and Cp(2)ZrH{(m-H)(2)BC(4)H(8)} and B(C(4)H(8))CH(2)Ph in the case of complex 2. It is possible to pump away the B(C(4)H(8))CH(2)Ph from solid 2 at room temperature, leaving behind Cp(2)ZrH{(m-H)(2)BC(4)H(8)}. These results suggest that the Zr-H bond acts as an electron pair donor to trivalent boron in the formation of 1and 2. Crystal data for Cp(2)Zr{(m-H)(BC(5)H(10))CH(2)Ph}{(m-H)(2)BC(5)H(10)}: monoclinic, P2(1)/m (No. 11), a = 9.392(5) A, b = 13.250(4) A, c = 9.841(6) A, beta = 95.70(4) degrees, Z = 2. Crystal data for Cp(2)Zr{(m-H)(BC(4)H(8))CH(2)Ph}{(m-H)(2)BC(4)H(8)}: orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 18.1630(10) A, b = 19.0497(10) A, c = 13.0393(10) A, Z = 8.
Reliability and Validity of the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) as a Function of Parent and Teacher Ratings

This study examined reliability and validity of the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA), based on samples of parents and teachers’ ratings of 1,145 entering kindergartners in the Southwest. ...
Families of vortex solitons in periodic media

Various families of charge-1 vortex solitons in two-dimensional periodic media are reported. These vortices reside either in the semi-infinite gap or higher band gaps of the media. For both Kerr and saturable nonlinearities (either focusing or defocusing), infinite vortex families are found. All these families do not bifurcate from Bloch bands; rather, they turn around before reaching the edges of the Bloch bands. It is further revealed that vortices with drastically different topological shapes can belong to the same vortex family, which is quite surprising.
Has Strawson Refuted Scepticism about Other Minds

Professor P. F. Strawson is sometimes credited with having refuted scepticism with regard to knowledge of other minds. The thesis of this paper is that, in so far as the refutation of this sort of scepticism is its aim, Strawson's argument fails. The sceptic's claim is that one can ascribe states of consciousness only to oneself. Strawson's reply is that 'One can ascribe states of consciousness to oneself only if one can ascribe them to others' (96).1 His point here is
Past, Present, and Future of Obesity Surgery

Background: At the meeting 1 year ago, Mary Lou Walen asked the author to provide a brief luncheon talk about the past, present, and future of obesity surgery for the Allied Health Sciences members who meet in conjunction with the annual meeting of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery. This led the author to examine the surgical treatment of severe obesity as it relates to our times and society. Edward O. Wilson has recommended that bariatric surgeons enlarge their view of the work they are engaged in, to include a more universal perspective. From this review, the following talk was presented.
Optoelectronic implementations of neural networks

The ability of optical systems to provide the massive interconnections between processors required in most neural network models, which constitutes their chief advantage for such applications, is discussed, focusing on holography. Because of the essential nonlinearity of the holographic connections, nonlinear processing elements are needed to perform complex computations. The use of GaAs hybrid optoelectronic processing elements is examined. GaAs is an excellent material for this purpose, since it can be used to fabricate both fast electronic circuits and optical sources and detectors. It is shown how a complete hybrid neural computer can be implemented using available technology developed for conventional computing. An experimentally demonstrated network in which optics plays an even larger role is described. >
The fractal nature of nature: power laws, ecological complexity and biodiversity

Underlying the diversity of life and the complexity of ecology is order that reflects the operation of fundamental physical and biological processes. Power laws describe empirical scaling relationships that are emergent quantitative features of biodiversity. These features are patterns of structure or dynamics that are self-similar or fractal-like over many orders of magnitude. Power laws allow extrapolation and prediction over a wide range of scales. Some appear to be universal, occurring in virtually all taxa of organisms and types of environments. They offer clues to underlying mechanisms that powerfully constrain biodiversity. We describe recent progress and future prospects for understanding the mechanisms that generate these power laws, and for explaining the diversity of species and complexity of ecosystems in terms of fundamental principles of physical and biological science.
Lexical frames in academic prose and conversation

While lexical bundles research identifies continuous sequences (e.g. the end of the, I don’t know if), researchers have also been interested in discontinuous sequences in which words form a ‘frame’ surrounding a variable slot (e.g. I don’t * to, it is * to). To date, most research has focused on a few intuitively-selected frames, or has begun with frequent continuous sequences and then analyzed those to identify associated frames. Few previous studies have attempted to directly identify the full set of discontinuous sequences in a corpus. In the present study, we work towards that goal, using a corpus-driven approach to identify the set of recurrent four-word continuous and discontinuous patterns in corpora of conversation and academic writing. This direct computational analysis of the corpora reveals a more complete set of frames than alternative approaches, resulting in the documentation of highly frequent frames that have not been identified in previous research.
Model-based software engineering for an imaging CubeSat and its extrapolation to other missions

Small satellites with their limited computational capabilities require that software engineering techniques promote efficient use of spacecraft resources. A model-driven approach to software engineering is an excellent solution to this resource maximization challenge as it facilitates visualization of the key solution processes and data elements.
Active transport of d-glucose in intestinal segments, in vitro, of the scup, Stenotomus versicolor and the puffer, Spheroides maculatus

Abstract 1. 1. Active transport of d -glucose was shown using intestinal sac preparations, in vitro, made from two marine fish, the scup, Stenotomus versicolor and the puffer, Spheroides maculatus. 2. 2. Differences in absorption characteristics were evident in populations from year to year. 3. 3. Anaerobiotic conditions, i.e. 100 per cent nitrogen gassing of the incubation medium, inhibit the active transport of d -glucose in scup and puffer intestine. 4. 4. Phlorizin, 5 × 10−4 M, inhibits the active transport of d -glucose in scup intestine. 5. 5. Intestinal transmural glucose transport mechanisms operate well at incubation temperatures, 20°–27°C, i.e. temperatures close to habitat and holding tank temperatures, whereas movement of the sugar against a concentration gradient is interrupted at higher incubation temperatures, 29° and 30°C. 6. 6. Detailed comparison of procedures and results with those used by other workers in the field of in vitro intestinal absorption of poikilotherms suggests that aerobic metabolism may not be a uniformly significant energy source in intestinal active transport.
Flow versus stock indicators of banking output: Effects on productivity and scale economy measurement

Virtually all studies of bank cost efficiency have used stock measures of banking output. The effects on time-series estimates of total factor productivity and cross-sectional estimates of scale economies are contrasted using both stock (value of deposit and loan balances) and flow (number of deposit and loan transactions) measures. While productivity growth differs between these two output measures over the last 20 years, it is similar over the last decade, but in all cases is quite low. For scale economies, slightly U-shaped average costs are found, with the output stock measure giving the better fit.
Automation and emerging technology in clinical microbiology.

The field of Clinical Microbiology is evolving at a rapid pace, perhaps more so than any other arm of laboratory medicine. This can be attributed to new technology, including high throughput gene sequencing, multiplex molecular assays, rapid evolution of antimicrobial resistance, and discovery of new pathogens. In addition, modern medical procedures, such as solid organ and stem cell transplantation, have resulted in an explosion of infections with agents that historically have been considered to be of low virulence. This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine will highlight some of the advances in diagnostic microbiology, including MALDI-TOF MS, pathogen discovery, and personalized antimicrobial chemotherapy. In addition, one of the papers will focus on implementation of new technologies and how to maximize patient impact of these new methods.
Efficient analysis of scattering from large-scale aperiodic tilings by use of the characteristic basis function method combined with the adaptive integral method

This paper presents a hybrid method for fast analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from large-scale aperiodic structures (e.g., Penrose and Danzer tilings), which integrates the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and the adaptive integral method (AIM). The CBFs defined on the macro block facilitate a substantial reduction in the method of moments (MoM) matrix size, enabling the use of direct solvers for large problems. The initial CBFs are constructed by illuminating one block with θ- and φ-polarization plane waves for multiple incident angles. Thereafter, the singular value decomposition (SVD) method and threshold are used to extract the independent basis from the initial solution space, ultimately leading to the final CBFs. The AIM is applied to accelerate the calculation of CBFM reduced MoM matrices, significantly decreasing the CPU time and memory required for solving large-scale problems. As the size of one block becomes electrically large, the original CBFM combined with AIM is employed to generate the initial CBFs by solving a problem with multiple excitations, which results in efficiently constructing the final CBFs afforded by the SVD procedure. After validating the developed code, the subsequent solver is applied to investigate EM scattering from large-scale aperiodic tilings in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. Further, the numerical results show that Penrose and Danzer tilings exhibit improved grating lobe suppression as compared to their periodic counterparts.
Ecological Significance of Crown Functional Traits Across Size Classes and Disturbance Environments in Eight Pioneer Species in a Sri Lankan Rain Forest

Information on tree crown characteristics has been used in forestry to assess tree and ecosystem health and productivity. Although there are well known differences in crown functional traits between light-demanding pioneer species and later successional species, data is limited usually to regeneration phases. Further, information on variation between species within the pioneer guild is needed in order to select pioneer species for facilitation of reforestation, more shade demanding species, and for monitoring and evaluation of such efforts. In this study we assessed three crown functional characteristics—crown surface area, crown volume, and live crown ratio—in eight pioneer species commonly found in the tropical rain forests of Sri Lanka: Alstonia macrophylla Wallich ex G. Don, Dillenia triquetra (Rottb.) Gilg, Macaranga indica Wight, Macaranga peltata (Roxb.) Muell, Melastoma malabathricum L., Schumacheria castaneifolia Vahl, Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, and Wendlandia bicuspidata Wight & Arn. We modele...
A Numerical Solution of a Surface Crack Under Cyclic Hydraulic Pressure Loading

Material degradation and failure in rolling contact components are often associated with surface crack initiation and propagation under repeated contact loading. In the presence of lubricating fluid, the hydraulic pressure in the fluid film between the contacting surfaces may play an important role in the crack growth process. This paper presents a method to model the effect of hydraulic pressure loading on surface crack growth. The governing equations of the coupled viscous fluid/cracked solid problem are obtained, which are nonlinear integral and differential equations. The fluid is assumed to be Newtonian and incompressible. The cracked solid is considered to be linearly elastic. Pressure loading history is prescribed at the crack mouth. Finite difference methods are used to solve the governing equations. For each time step, Newton-Raphson iteration method is used to search for the root of the nonlinear equations. Both transient and steady-state pressure distributions under cyclic pressure loading are obtained using this method. A few numerical examples are given to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the solution method. The solution shows that there exists a characteristic time, which determines whether pressure fluctuations at the crack mouth can be transmitted deep into the crack. The steady-state pressure distribution exhibits a phase delay from the applied cyclic loading.
Human Factors And Safety Considerations Of Night Vision Systems Flight

Military aviation night vision systems greatly enhance the capability to operate during periods of low illumination. After flying with night vision devices, most aviators are apprehensive about returning to unaided night flight. Current night vision imaging devices allow aviators to fly during ambient light conditions which would be extremely dangerous, if not impossible, with unaided vision. However, the visual input afforded with these devices does not approach that experienced using the unencumbered, unaided eye during periods of daylight illumination. Many visual parameters, e,g., acuity, field-of-view, depth perception, etc., are compromised when night vision devices are used. The inherent characteristics of image intensification based sensors introduce new problems associated with the interpretation of visual information based on different spatial and spectral content from that of unaided vision. In addition, the mounting of these devices onto the helmet is accompanied by concerns of fatigue resulting from increased head supported weight and shift in center-of-gravity. All of these concerns have produced numerous human factors and safety issues relating to thb use of night vision systems. These issues are identified and discussed in terms of their possible effects on user performance and safety.
Decreased survival time of insulin-treated mice subjected to hypoxic decompression

On a constate que les souris traitees a l'insuline possedent une sensibilite elevee a la decompression hypoxique. Ce resultat concorde avec l'hypothese d'une relation inverse entre la quantite de glucose dans le sang et la sensibilite d'un hote a une grande variete de «stressors».