cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling of rovibrationally inelastic rate constants for rapidly rotating molecules

The treatment of rovibrational transfer at elevated rotational angular momentum as a gateway phenomenon with sudden dynamics leads to a very simple scaling relationship with a single adjustable parameter. The result quite accurately reproduces experimental rate constants. The physical significance of this result is discussed.
Improving page prefetching with prior knowledge

Abstract Prefetching is a technique applied to memory management policies in which pages are brought into memory before they are actually needed. In this study, prior knowledge of program behavior obtained through trace data is used to parameterize a variation of the working set memory management policy supporting demand page prefetching using one page lookahead. Two new algorithms supporting double page prefetching are proposed. A comparative analysis of them is made. Evaluation of the techniques through trace driven simulation shows that, in general, they are very effective in reducing the page fault rate and in some cases the space time product. As expected, memory occupancy increases, but usually by small amounts. The results are encouraging for their ability to improve performance for a variety of programs which exhibit some form of locality (spatial and/or temporal).
Dissociation of hydrogen in glow discharges in hydrogen-nitrogen mixtures

Abstract Results from a theoretical study of electron and heavy particle kinetics of H 2 in glow discharges through H 2 -N 2 mixtures are presented. It is shown that for small concentrations of the additive in %N 2 -%H 2 , the effects on the discharge impedance are diagnostic probes providing crucial information regarding the dissociation and ionization balances. The results show that for low discharge currents ( 1 Torr), and ≈10%–80%H 2 -N 2 mixture composition, collisions between excited electronic states of N 2 with H 2 are the dominant dissociation channels of H 2 in %H 2 -%N 2 discharges.
Wednesday HIV Clinic

I. Adverse Reaction “Pray for me,” she asks, her head covered in a polyester scarf. She doesn’t hide herself for shame; she’s lost her hair. We think it was the AZT. She says that through the walls of all her suffering, she thinks she hears God’s distant voice when her young son reads from his new storybook. She’s so proud he’s learning English. “Pray for him,” she asks before she leaves, “that he may have enough to bury me in a fine new white dress!”
Classifying yeasts on punch cards

Attention is drawn to the advantages of punch cards for filing taxonomic information. A model system adapted to yeast taxonomy is presented.
High Rate X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis by Pulsed Excitation

We describe the application of pulsed X-ray excitation to X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as a method for increasing the output counting rate of the system by a substantial factor. Using a pulsed X-ray tube that is immediately turned off when a signal is detected, and held off during the pulse processing time, it is possible to eliminate the need for a pulse pile-up rejection. We have achieved output counting rates significantly greater than with conventional operation for equivalent shaping networks. No significant degradation in spectrometer resolution was observed at the increased counting rates.
Reducing toxicity of 4–1BB costimulation: targeting 4–1BB ligands to the tumor stroma with bi-specific aptamer conjugates

Systemic administration of immune modulatory antibodies to cancer patients is associated with autoimmune pathologies. We have developed a clinically feasible and broadly applicable approach to limit immune stimulation to disseminated tumor lesions using a bi-specific agonistic 4–1BB oligonucleotide aptamer targeted to a broadly expressed stromal product (e.g., VEGF or osteopontin). The stroma-targeted aptamer conjugates engendered potent antitumor immunity against unrelated tumors and exhibited a superior therapeutic index compared to non-targeted agonistic 4–1BB antibody.
The landscape of policies and practices that support student preparation and success

This chapter surveys the educational landscape to describe current policies and practices that affect student preparation for and success in community college, ranging from national trends and state-level policies to individual classroom projects.
Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite solar-shield material.

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) telescope has an outer shield on it which is used to reduce the amount of thermal radiation that enters the telescope. The shield forms the first part of the baffle structure which reduces the photon incidence on the focal plane. It was, therefore, necessary to model this structure for scattering, and a required input for such modeling is the scattering characteristic of this surface. Attention is given to the measurement of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), the reflected radiance divided by the incident irradiance at 10.6 micrometers, 118 micrometers, and at several angles of incidence. Visual observation of the gold sample shows that there are striations which line up in a single direction. The data were, therefore, taken with the sample oriented in each of two directions.
Formation and Stabilization of Combustion-Generated, Environmentally Persistent Radicals on Ni(II)O Supported on a Silica Surface

Previous studies have indicated environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are formed when hydroxyl- and chlorine-substituted aromatics chemisorbed on Cu(II)O and Fe(III)2O3 surfaces and were stabilized through their interactions with the surface metal cation. The current study reports our laboratory investigation on the formation and stabilization of EPFRs on a Ni(II)O surface. The EPFRs were produced by the chemisorption of adsorbates on the supported metal oxide surface and transfer of an electron from the adsorbate to the metal center, resulting in reduction of the metal cation. Depending on the temperature and the nature of the adsorbate, more than one type of organic radical was formed. A phenoxyl-type radical, with g-value between 2.0029 and 2.0044, and a semiquinone-type radical, with g-value from 2.0050 to as high as 2.0081, were observed. The half-lives on Ni(II)O were long and ranged from 1.5 to 5.2 days, which were similar to what were observed on Fe(III)2O3. The yields of the EPFRs form...
Evaluation of Street-Canyon Carbon Monoxide–Dispersion Simulation Model

This paper reports on the evaluation of a dispersion simulation model that predicts carbon monoxide (CO), concentrations in urban street canyons. The distribution characteristics of vehicle-generated carbon monoxide concentrations measured at six major urban arterials in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia are presented. The maximum 1-hour and 8-hour CO concentrations monitored annually over a three-year period, are shown. The structure of the composite street canyon model that was used to predict the hourly concentrations of carbon monoxide at study arterials is discussed. A comparative analysis of predicted versus measured concentrations is made. The model, although unsophisticated, predicts CO levels that agree reasonably well with the values measured in Riyadh. The model is felt to be generally applicable to the conditions of the rapidly developing urban areas of the Persian Gulf.
Radiation-induced polymerization of hexafluoropropylene at high temperature and pressure

The radiation-induced polymerization of hexafluoropropylene was studied in the pressure and temperature ranges of 4,500–15,000 atm. and 100–230°C., respectively. Retardation was a serious problem; data thought to apply to the unretarded polymerization are summarized below. At 1,500 rad/hr. the polymerization rate was 15%/hr. at 230°C. and 15,000 atm. The activation enthalpy and volume are 9.5 kcal./mole and −10 cc./mole, respectively. The rate varies as the square root of the radiation intensity. The largest intrinsic viscosity of the polymer is 2.0 dl./g.; values increase with temperature and pressure. At 130°C. and 10,000 atm. the intrinsic viscosity was the same at two radiation intensities.
Transformation parameters of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by Fujinami, PRCII, PRCII-p, and Y73 avian sarcoma viruses.

Abstract The transformation parameters of chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by replication defective avian sarcoma viruses were compared with those of cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Two classes of avian sarcoma virus with transforming genes distinct from the src gene of RSV were examined: Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV), PRCII, and PRCII-p were used as representatives of one class, and Y73 as a representative of the other class. The transformation parameters examined included morphological markers: cell surface morphology, the disappearance of microfilament bundles, and the loss of cell surface fibronectin; alterations in growth properties: growth to high densities and growth in suspension; and metabolic changes: increased uptake of hexose, release of plasminogen activator, and increased synthesis of hyaluronic acid. In general, all of the viruses induced a phenotype which was qualitatively similar to that of RSV-transformed cells, although the extent of each change was less than that observed with RSV. One strain of FSV was found to be coordinately temperature sensitive for the induction of all phenotypic markers examined, whereas another strain of FSV and the other viruses examined were temperature resistant. PRCII-transformed cells had a lower efficiency of colony formation in agar suspension and showed only partial disruption of microfilament bundles; this partial transformation phenotype may be correlated with the low oncogenicity of this virus. These findings in conjunction with previous studies on protein phosphorylation in ASV-transformed cells are consistent with the idea that the replication-defective avian sarcoma viruses transform cells by a mechanism similar to that involved in transformation by RSV.
Nortricyclyl-norbornenyl cation system accessed by carbene fragmentation.

Fragmentation of nortricyclyloxychlorocarbene 5 in pentane occurs by an SNi-like process which yields nortricyclyl chloride 3g. In more polar solvents, fragmentation leads to nortricyclyl cation ch...
Poorly-differentiated adenoid cystic carcinoma: Cytologic appearance in fine-needle aspirates of distant metastases

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a primary salivary-gland neoplasm which typically yields characteristic cytomorphology upon fine-needle aspiration (FNA). We report on the FNA findings of a case of ACC metastatic to the liver which demonstrated a predominantly solid, poorly-differentiated pattern, an unusual but well-recognized subtype associated with a poor clinical outcome. The FNA findings in 7 additional cases of ACC metastatic to distant sites were also reviewed, with 4 cases displaying a prominent poorly-differentiated component. These findings suggest that, although not commonly recognized in salivary-gland FNAs, the poorly-differentiated pattern of ACC does occur in metastatic deposits and should be recognized as such, thereby preventing a needless search for a second primary malignancy.
Pion inelastic scattering to giant resonances and low-lying collective states in 118Sn and 40Ca.

A comparison of differential cross sections for inelastic scattering of 130 MeV positive and negative pions has been made for studying the giant resonance region in $^{118}\mathrm{Sn}$ and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$. In addition, several of the low-lying collective states in each target were examined. Comparison to distorted wave impulse approximation calculations allowed collective deformation lengths \ensuremath{\beta}R and fractions of the energy-weighted sum rules to be extracted. For bound collective states, the strengths for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ were nearly equal, as has been found for other scattering probes. Giant quadrupole and dipole excitations in $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ (T=0) had nearly equal ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ sum rule strengths. Quadrupole and monopole excitations in $^{118}\mathrm{Sn}$ near 14 MeV show about twice the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ transition strengths compared to those for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$, contrary to expectations from simple isoscalar models.
Two tinctorial types of gonadotrophic cells in the rat hypophysis

A modified PAS-methyl blue staining method is described which, in conjunction with aldehyde fuchsin, enables the tinctorial differentiation of two types of gonadotrophs in the pituitary gland of the rat. That these two cell types are both gonadotrophic in function is indicated by their development into distinct PAS-red and PAS-purple castration cells following gonadectomy. In addition to these two kinds of castration cells, thyroidectomy cells which are PAS-negative, aldehyde fuchsin-negative, and have an affinity for orange G are seen in the pituitary glands of animals that have been both gonadectomized and thyroidectomized. Thus, in such glands the three types of modified basophiles are tinctorially different. Differences in the distribution of the PAS-red and PAS-purple gonadotrophs are characteristic of the glands of normal animals. Following gonadectomy, however, extensive shifts in the distribution of these cells occur so that the normal pattern is soon lost.
Flexibility and Endogenous Innovation

The trail I want to follow leads from Stigler to Mansfield with few, if any, intermediate stops. That should sound like a pretty good genealogy.
Patent focus on agents for osteoporosis: September 1999 - February 2000

This patent focus discusses the most interesting disclosures in the field of osteoporosis during the specified six month period. Many of the patents highlighted are relevant to the oestrogen receptor: either new chemical agents with possible use as selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or new therapeutic combination options. Also discussed are other antiresorptive approaches, such as αvβ3 integrin antagonists, Src kinase inhibitors and cathepsin inhibitors. Furthermore, patents regarding vitamin D analogues and disclosures describing bone anabolic approaches, such as prostaglandin analogues and calcilytics, are discussed. No disclosures relating to bisphosphonates appeared during this time.
Von Der Psalmenexegese Zur Psalterexegese Anmerkungen Zum Neuansatz Von Frank Lothar Hossfeld Und Erich Zenger

Der neue Kommentar uber Psalm 1-50 von Frank-Lothar Hossfeld und Erich Zenger ist der erste Kommentar in deutscher Sprache mit einem Interesse an kontextueller Auslegung seit dem von Franz Delitzsch (1860; 5. Auflage, 1894). Seine Methode, die Kontextbezogenheit der Psalmen zu erklaren, ist aberwiegend die Redaktionskritik; einige Psalmen werden aber auch als kompositorische Psalmen betrachtet. Der Kommentar fuhrt zwei typische Phasen der Redaktionsarbeit aus: eine formative-exilische und eine nachexilische, die ein besonderes Interesse an einer Theologie der Armen hat. Die Kritik dieses Ansatzes, wie sie in diesem Artikel erfolgt, befurwortet uberwiegend die Struktur, nach der die Psalmen in chiastischen Sammlungen angeordnet sind (bei Hossfeld und Zenger: Ps. 3-14; 15-24; 25-34; 35-41; 42-49) mit Ps. 1 und 2 als Einleitung zum gesamten Psalter und zu Teilen von ihm. Aus der Perspektive, das der Psalter aus kleineren formgeschichtlich definierten Einheiten besteht, in denen der Leser von der Klage zu Lob und Dank gefuhrt wird, fragt er weiter kritisch nach der vermuteten redaktionsgeschichtlichen Struktur des Psalters und deren literarkritischen Implikationen.
Effect of barite (BaSO4) on development of estuarine communities

Abstract Barite (BaSO 4 ), the primary component of oil drilling muds, affected the composition of estuarine communities developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria containing sand and flowing estuarine water. Aquaria contained: sand only; a mixture (by volume) of 1 part barite and 10 parts sand; 1 part barite and 3 parts sand; or sand covered by 0.5 cm of barite. For all environments, annelids and mollusks were the numerically dominant phyla collected in a 1-mm-mesh sieve after 10 weeks exposure; a total of 3020 animals, representing 59 species, was collected. Significantly fewer animals and species ( a = 0.01) developed in aquaria sand covered by barite than in aquaria unexposed or exposed to 1 barite:10 sand. Number of animals in aquaria containing 1 barite: 3 sand also differed ( a = 0.05) from that in control aquaria. Annelids were particularly affected and significantly fewer ( a = 0.01) were found in all treatments than in the control. Mollusks decreased markedly in number only in barite-covered aquaria. Barite, however, did not impede growth (as height) of the abundant clam, Laevicardium mortoni , or decrease abundance of six other phyla. Our data indicate that large quantities of this compound, as discharged in offshore oil drilling, possibly could adversely affect the colonization of benthic animals.
POLICE PERCEPTIONS OF INFLUENCE: A Study in the Criminal Case Disposition Process

This study examines police perceptions of their own influence and the influence of the judges, attorneys, victims, and defendants in the felony case disposition process. The findings suggest that while police perceive their own influence as relatively low, it is enhanced by their direct participation in plea discussions both in their own view and that of the observers. The study concludes that there appear to be substantial benefits from greater police participation in the negotiated disposition of criminal cases.
Cultural Immersion in the Foreign Language Classroom: Some Narrative Possibilities

The article examines immersion in the study of foreign language. The reasons why a true integration of cultural learning in the foreign language classroom are explored. The author states that study abroad is the primary instrument through which language students gain experience with and appreciate other cultures, but this environment can also be replicated in a classroom. The author clarifies how the term "immersion" has been used in the field and why it is instructive in discussing cultural learning. The article also discusses what exactly students are meant to be immersed in.
Protease activity and lethal toxicity of venoms from some little known rattlesnakes.

Abstract Information on yield, lethality, and protease activity is given for venoms of Crotalus exul , C. p. pricei , C. pusillus , C. w. willardi and Sistrurus ravus . Lethal toxicity of C. tigris venom ( ld 50 i.v. 0.056 mg/kg; s.c. 0.21 mg/kg) is the highest known for any rattlesnake venom. The lethal potency of C. pricei venom is high by i.v. but not by s.c. injection. Both these venoms lack protease activity. C. pusillus venom is lowest in lethality.
Overcoming hysteresis to attain reversible equilibrium folding for outer membrane phospholipase A in phospholipid bilayers.

Abstract The free energy of unfolding of a membrane protein from lipids into water (ΔGow,l) describes its equilibrium thermodynamic stability. Knowing this parameter gives insight into a membrane protein's sequence–structure–energy relationships. However, there are few measures of membrane protein stability because of the technical difficulties associated with unfolded and partially folded states. Here, we describe the experimental process that allowed us to measure the ΔGow,l of the outer membrane phospholipase A into large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. To arrive at this reversible folding condition, we screened a large number of experimental variables: temperature, incubation time, salt concentration, pH, lipid composition and liposome morphology. The principal challenge we encountered under most conditions was hysteresis between folding and unfolding titrations. A second factor that compromised reversible folding was the observation that a fraction of the protein population tended to aggregate. We found that hysteresis could be completely eliminated on a feasible timescale by conducting experiments at acidic pH, by the slow dilution of the protein in the initial titration setup and by utilizing a low concentration of a detergent as a temporary “holdase” to solubilize the protein upon its initial dilution into folding conditions. We confirmed that the detergent did not disrupt the LUVs using fluorescence emission of lipid-sensitive dyes and light scattering. The results of our parameter search should be generally useful for efforts to measure ΔGow,l for other membrane proteins.
Book Reviewer Introduction: Bradford Lee Eden

Bradford Lee Eden is Dean of Library Services at Valparaiso University. Previous positions include Associate University Librarian for Technical Services and Scholarly Communication at the Universit...
Judgment is not ignorance.

We disagree with the statement that “There would be little justification for using RNS or DBS prior to VNS.”1 In fact, the efficacy of both deep brain stimulation (DBS) and responsive neurostimulation (RNS) was superior to that of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the respective pivotal clinical trials, an important result given that trials of the DBS and RNS were properly blinded and had strict entry criteria requiring proof that enrolled participants had epileptic seizures. Additionally, patient subgroups with bilateral independent temporal onsets did better than participants as a whole in both the RNS and DBS trials, suggesting that cranially implanted devices may be preferred to VNS in specific clinical situations.
Urinary bladder injuries during vascular surgery

Urologic complications related to vascular surgery involving the ureter have been well recognized. These include ureteral compression from aneurysms, congenital anomalies such as retrocaval ureter, obstruction from retroperitoneal fibrosis, iatrogenic injury, and ureteric fistulas. Complications involving the bladder are more infrequent. Most of these bladder-related complications involve the use of tunneling devices for synthetic bypass grafts. We report an unusual case of a transvesically placed femoral-femoral bypass graft with delayed presentation. We also reviewed the English literature for experience with diagnosis and treatment of bladder injuries during vascular surgical procedures.
Actinide nitrate species in xylene solutions of tri-n-octylamine☆

Abstract The ionic species of the tetra- and hexavalent actinides that are extracted from nitric acid by tri-n-octylamine-xylene solutions have been identified as M(NO3)62− and MO2(NO3)3−, respectively. The spectrum of each metal in TOA solution is shown to be nearly identical to that of an organic solution of the corresponding tetraethylammonium salt; and, in the case of the tetravalent ions, nearly identical to a concentrated nitric acid solution of the metal.
Wilsonian Crisis Leadership, the Organic State, and the Modern Presidency

In Woodrow Wilson's writings on presidential leadership, crisis serves as a solution to the grinding gears of institutional gridlock. This notion of crisis leadership is closely tied to Wilson's vision of the organic state, which posited a deep underlying and even mystical popular unity, brought to the surface by the spur of crisis and knit together by a prophetic, interpretive leader. This link between crisis leadership and the organic state undergirded Wilson's famous break with the American Founding. This article argues that the struggles with inadequacy experienced by most modern U.S. presidents come into sharper focus through the lens of Wilson's leadership theories. Since Wilson's critique of the Founding involves a rejection of Lockean limits, such a refocusing might begin by reconsidering those limits, including the limits of consensus and the limits of leadership.
Common factors and outcome in late upper extremity amputations after military injury.

OBJECTIVES:: Much attention has been given to lower extremity amputations that occur more than 90 days after injury but little focus has been given to analogous upper extremity amputations. The purpose of this study was to determine the reason(s) for desired amputation and the common complications after amputation for those combat-wounded Servicemembers who underwent late upper extremity amputation. DESIGN:: Retrospective case series SETTING:: Tertiary trauma center PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS:: All U.S. Servicemembers who sustained major extremity amputations from September 2001- July 2011 were analyzed. INTERVENTION:: Late (90+ days after injury), upper extremity amputations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:: Amputation level(s), time to amputation, age, number of operations, pre/post-operative complications, reason(s) for desiring amputation and disability outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS:: 7 of 218 (3.2%) upper extremity amputees had a late upper extremity amputation (>90 days from injury to amputation). The mean and median number of days from injury to amputation was 689 and 678, respectively. The most common pre-amputation complications were loss of wrist or finger motion (7, 100%), neurogenic pain (4, 57%) and heterotopic ossification (4, 57%). Three (43%) patients (two persistent, one new onset) had neurogenic pain and 2 (29%) had heterotopic ossification after amputation. Only 57% (4 out of 7) of amputees used their prostheses regularly. CONCLUSION:: Servicemembers undergoing late upper extremity amputation appear to have different pre and post-operative complications than those patients undergoing late lower extremity amputations. It was common for the amputee to not wear their prostheses and to experience similar complications after amputation, albeit in a less severe form. Language: en
Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced steady-state free precession for improved catheter-directed coronary magnetic resonance angiography.

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) HAS been proposed as a potential alternative to x-ray fluoroscopy for performing coronary artery interventions (1). MRI-guided procedures have several advantages over x-ray fluoroscopy: the patient and medical staff are not exposed to ionizing radiation, nephrotoxic contrast agent is not used, it is possible to obtain functional as well as anatomical information, and MRI is able to obtain two-and three-dimensional data sets in any arbitrary image orientation. However, MRI-guided interventions are still limited by the achievable spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and vessel signal of the MR image. Selective catheter-directed coronary angiography is an essential component of x-ray fluoroscopy-guided coronary procedures. MR angiography (MRA) of the coronary arteries with catheter-directed gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast injections have been shown to be feasible in animals (2). Previous studies have used a two-dimensional thick-slice projection technique with a gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence (2,3) or steady-state free precession (SSFP) (4) for data acquisition because imaging time is limited following intracoronary injection of contrast media. Rapid perfusion of contrast agent into the myocardium may obscure the coronary arteries during a prolonged imaging time. However, coronary artery delineation can be poor in two-dimensional projection imaging when the slice thickness is large, even when magnetization preparation or image subtraction is used to reduce background tissue signal because background tissue occupies a much larger volume of a given voxel than the artery of interest. An alternative approach is to use three-dimensional imaging for catheter-directed coronary MRA, which reduces voxel size and the partial-volume effect. However, three-dimensional imaging requires a much longer imaging time. Contrast agent begins enhancing myocardial signal in as little as 4 seconds following intracoronary injection (4), which can dramatically reduce coronary artery myocardium contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) if the scan time is too long. This in turn limits the data acquisition window available for coronary artery MRA. A compromise would be to use three-dimensional imaging with a small number of thick partitions to minimize imaging time while maintaining the CNR advantage over two-dimensional imaging. In this study, we used two partitions for three-dimensional magnetization-prepared SSFP coronary artery MRA after intra-arterial (IA) contrast injection. We tested the hypothesis that this sequence improves coronary artery CNR in swine compared to two-dimensional projection imaging sequence with the same coverage and in-plane spatial resolution.
Role of local environmental factors in determining tissue-specific effects of estrogen: examination of uterine tissues transplanted to brain.

Abstract Estrogen stimulates uterine epithelial cells to divide, but not estrogen-concentrating neurons in the adult brain. This effect correlates with recent evidence that estrogen can induce the expression of certain growth-related genes in uterus which are not directly induced by estrogen in the adult brain. The possibility that local diffusible factors play a major role in determining tissue-specific effects of estrogen was examined by transplanting uterine tissues into the brain, muscle and kidney of adult rats and then comparing the effects of estrogen on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and the expression of Fos-, cdc2- and Rb-like immunoreactivity (IR) on native and transplanted uterine tissues, as well as in estrogen-concentrating regions of the brain adjacent to the uterine grafts. In native uteri, estrogen treatment stimulated Fos-, cdc2-, and Rb-like IR, as well as [3H]thymidine incorporation, within lumenal and glandular epithelial cells. All of these effects were estrogen responsive — no immunoreactive staining within uterine epithelial cells and no signs of epithelial cell proliferation were observed in the native uteri of non-estrogen-treated animals. When uterine tissues were transplanted to brain, Fos-, cdc2-, and Rb-like IR epithelial cells, as well as many [3H]thymidine-incorporating uterine epithelial cells, were observed in all estrogen-treated animals and in some non-estrogentreated animals as well. Identical results were obtained when uterine tissues were transplanted to skeletal muscle, but not to kidney (in the kidney, transplanted epithelial cells expressed all four parameters but only in estrogen-treated animals, comparable to the native uterus). In contrast, estrogen did not stimulate cell division and did not induce Fos-, cdc2-, or Rb-like IR within estrogen-concentrating neuronal regions of the ventromedial hypothalamus. In addition, the presence of uterine tissue in the brain did not confer the ability of estrogen to stimulate any of these parameters within nearby, estrogen-concentrating regions. These data suggest that there are factors in brain and muscle which can allow uterine epithelial cells to divide in the absence of estrogen. There was no evidence of a diffusible factor in brain which inhibits uterine epithelial cell division, nor of a diffusible factor in uterus which can confer estrogenic stimulation of growth-related genes and cell division to central nervous system neurons. In addition, the data provide the first evidence for estrogen regulation of cdc2 and Rb expression in normal uterus.
NMR mapping of protein interactions in living cells.

Intracellular protein-protein interactions form the basis of most biological processes. Structural aspects of these reactions can now be analyzed in living prokaryotic cells and in atomic detail by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Food Production on Acid Soils in the Developing World: Problems and Solutions

The current state of food production on acid soils in developing regions is presented. Africa lags far behind ASEAN and Latin American nations in almost all the parameters considered. Agronomic research shows that the resources and potential productivity are the same in all these regions. The reasons for the poor performance of Africa are to be found in government corruption, civil strife, poor infrastructure, lack of inputs and markets and the unavailability of production loans. The Millennium Project established by the United Nations is presented as the framework for a possible solution to these problems.
Clathrate hydrate measurements: microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic

Abstract A hydrate state-of-the-art is given for fundamental measurements and modeling of phase equilibria and kinetics, via a 204 paper summary of the triennial International Hydrate Conference in May 2002. Emphasis is given to new measurement techniques with their application in the next generation of hydrate modeling. Future challenges are presented. With this Phase Equilibria Plenary Lecture in the 17th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics, goes my appreciation for both the honor, and the motivation to attempt a state-of-the-art summary. All too frequently such summaries take on a personal perspective that omit important developments, perhaps because they were not developed by the writer, and were therefore less familiar. Yet currently we are two months after the fourth triennial International Conferences on Gas Hydrates (Yokohama, Japan, 19–23 May 2002). That conference was blessed with a chairman who provided two volumes (1062 pages) written by 500 (even!) authors. A CD of conference papers is available at nominal cost through the ICGH-4 Secretariat (icgh@mori.mech.keio.ac.jp). The challenge of this invited manuscript is to provide a pure and applied phase equilibria summary of the above conference, supplemented by a few other references, in an overview of the hydrate community’s current direction. The conference provides a technical snapshot of hydrate research over the world, making it possible to weave a few current threads into the hydrate fabric in space and time. Emerging images provide some clues to the future. To supplement this view the reader may wish to turn to the other reviews [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] on pure and applied phase equilibria of hydrates.
An experimental investigation of soft price caps in uniform price auction markets for wholesale electricity

This paper presents the results from an auction experiment using industry professionals and student participants who compete in a simulated wholesale market for electricity. Motivated by the intervention by FERC in response to the “meltdown” of the California spot market, we investigate the effect of including a “soft” price cap in a uniform price auction as a means of mitigating high prices. When prices are driven above the soft cap, offer curves become flat, in contrast to the hockey stick shape observed in a typical uniform price auction for electricity. This flat offer curve leads to market prices that are relatively insensitive to both generation costs and demand reductions.
Methodological and Evolutionary Aspects of Reconciliation among Primates

Affinitive contact between former opponents soon after a conflict has been demonstrated in a growing number of primate species. Several recent studies show that such contact reduces the probability of future conflicts, allows the recipient of aggression to reduce its anxiety, and restores tolerance between former opponents. Hence, these contacts can be termed reconciliation. In this paper, we critically discuss common methodological problems of studying reconciliation, examine functional aspects, and evaluate the existing variation in primate reconciliation in light of predictions derived from four untested hypotheses about its evolutionary origins. We find that the occurrence of reconciliation in primates is not limited to anthropoids. Neither is it limited to species with formalized dominance relations. Reconciliation is also not a prerequisite for life in permanent social groups. Instead, several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that reconciliation serves to maintain valuable social relationships between individuals. We suggest several more specific versions of this hypothesis and discuss reconciliation between kin, mates, and alliance partners, as well as a number of open questions pertaining to the mechanisms, functions and origins of reconciliation among primates.
Las mejores prácticas de las organizaciones y los profesionales

Este articulo se centra en las practicas basadas en la evidencia y, sobre esta base, hacemos una invitacion a que busquemos entre todos cuales son las mejores practicas, quien es el profesional mas adecuado y que significa ser una organizacion eficaz y eficiente. Tanto los profesionales como las organizaciones ofrecen servicios y apoyos que contribuyen a mejorar el bienestar y el crecimiento personal de los usuarios. En el contexto de la discusion sobre las practicas profesionales y de las organizaciones, indicare que las mejores practicas profesionales empiezan con el respeto hacia las personas, el cumplimiento de los estandares y las normas eticas y deontologicas, y la utilizacion de las practicas basadas en la evidencia y de la evaluacion del efecto y de los resultados conseguidos. Indicare, asimismo, que las mejores practicas de la organizacion empiezan con el compromiso de ser una entidad basada en valores y, a la vez, de ser eficaz y eficiente en la prestacion de los servicios y apoyos. Este compromiso de la organizacion se refleja en el uso de las mejores practicas, que consisten en la utilizacion de equipos de alto rendimiento, en el paradigma de los apoyos, en la evaluacion de los resultados obtenidos y en la mejora continua de la calidad. Como se observa en la Figura 1, examinaremos cada uno de los componentes de las mejores practicas profesionales y de las organizaciones. Ademas, indicare que, a traves de su accion reciproca, las mejores practicas de los profesionales y de las organizaciones generan un entorno cultural que tiene un efecto directo, no solo en la mejora de los servicios y apoyos que la organizacion ofrece a los usuarios, sino tambien en el bienestar y crecimiento personal del personal de la organizacion, lo cual, a su vez, redunda en un aumento de su eficacia y eficiencia.
Classical thermodynamic basis of activity coefficients: Predictive and consistency rules for binary and ternary mixtures based on the relation between excess Gibbs free energies of (c)- and (c — 1)-component mixtures

Abstract A working equation in which the molar Gibbs free energy of a ( c )-component mixture is related to that of a ( c — 1)-component mixture, both at the same pressure and temperature, is developed. This working equation is applied to binary and ternary mixtures. For binary mixtures, a reformulated integral version of the Gibbs—Duhem equation for activity coefficients is derived which is readily applicable for consistency tests and calculation of one binary activity coefficient from another. In the case of ternary mixtures a number of rigorous equations are derived for relating ternary- and binary-mixture activity coefficients. It is concluded that, generally, a ternary-mixture activity coefficient can be calculated from the knowledge of another ternary coefficient, plus a binary-mixture activity coefficient. Also, the resulting equations allow us to perform consistency tests of ternary activity coefficients against the binary-mixture data. The limiting forms of the ternary-mixture activity coefficients, when the mole fraction of one of the three components approaches to unity or to its infinite dilution limit, are derived. The form of the ternary-mixture activity coefficients and the conditions under which they may be calculated, solely from the binary activity coefficient data, is presented.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for the dusky smoothhound shark, Mustelus canis

A total of 32 nuclear-encoded microsatellites, including 15 polymorphic and 13 monomorphic microsatellites, isolated from an enriched genomic library of the triakid shark, Mustelus canis (dusky smoothhound), and four microsatellites previously isolated from two other triakid sharks were characterized in 91 individuals of M. canis. Polymorphic repeat motifs included 12 dinucleotide, two trinucleotide and one pentanucleotide repeat(s). Mustelus canis supports both commercial and recreational fisheries throughout its range in the western Atlantic Ocean from Maine (USA) to southern Argentina. The microsatellites characterized will be useful in studies of population structure of M. canis and other triakid sharks.
Performance of the Incremental and Non-Incremental Finite Element Formulations in Flexible Multibody Problems

Many flexible multibody applications are characterized by high inertia forces and motion discontinuities. Because of these characteristics, problems can be encountered when large displacement finite element formulations are used in the simulation of flexible multibody systems, In this investigation, the performance of two different large displacement finite element formulations in the analysis of flexible multibody systems is investigated. These are the incremental corotational procedure proposed in an earlier article (Rankin, C. C., and Brogan, F. A., 1986, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 108, pp. 165-174) and the non-incremental absolute nodal coordinate formulation recently proposed (Shabana, A, A., 1998, Dynamics of Multibody Systems, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge). It is demonstrated in this investigation that the limitation resulting from the use of the infinitesmal nodal rotations in the incremental corotational procedure can lead to simulation problems even when simple flexible multibody applications are considered. The absolute nodal coordinate formulation, on the other hand, does not employ infinitesimal or finite rotation coordinates and leads to a constant mass matrix. Despite the fact that the absolute nodal coordinate formulation leads to a non-linear expression for the elastic forces, the results presented in this study, surprisingly, demonstrate that such a formulation is efficient in static problems as compared to the incremental corotational procedure. The excellent performance of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation in static and dynamic problems can be attributed to the fact that such a formulation does not employ rotations and leads to exact representation of the rigid body motion of the finite element.
Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers

Men and women both enjoy the game of golf. Special considerations are made for women, such as the courses on the professional tours. Thus, one can ask what differences might exist between men and women golfers. This study compares the electromyographic firing patterns of normal shoulder musculature in men and women professional golfers. Eight shoulder mus cles (pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, anterior, middle and pos terior deltoids) were studied using indwelling electro myography.A visual analysis revealed that women tended to have slightly more activity during the takeaway and forward swing phases, and the men tended to have more activ ity during acceleration and follow-through. However, an independent two-tailed t-test (P = 0.05) showed these differences not to be statistically significant.This finding is in keeping with injury incidence data from the LPGA Tour, PGA Tour, and Senior PGA Tour, which showed that all three tours have a similar inci dence of...
Extending Holland's theory to the later years

Abstract Sixty-five men and women, aged 50 to 88 years, completed Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and a work history questionnaire. Each participant was assigned one-letter Holland personality type codes for his or her first full-time job, longest full-time job, last job (if retired) or present job (if employed), and hobbies. In general, VPI scale scores and high point codes were consistent with the occupational codes but less consistent with the hobby code. The usefulness of Holland's vocational theory to the aged population is discussed.
False Recognition and Misidentification of Faces Following Right Hemisphere Damage

We report two patients who, following massive damage to the right hemisphere, showed a striking tendency for false recognition and misidentification of faces. Neuropsychological investigations revealed that excessive reliance on a feature-based left hemisphere strategy in face processing, combined with an inability to evaluate critically the output generated by the dysfunctional face recognition system, played a major role in the recognition errors and misidentifications. Our findings suggest that the feature based left hemisphere face recognition system is potentially error-prone, presumably because component facial features are likely to be shared among several different individuals, and that reliable recognition and identification of faces is critically dependent upon the efficient processing of configurational facial information by the right hemisphere. We propose further that decision making and monitoring functions relevant to the operations of the face recognition system are primarily lateralized to the right frontal lobe.
Vibrational analyses of the luminescence spectra of toluene, benzotrifluoride and benzotrichloride in crystalline methylcyclohexane

Abstract Vibrational analyses of the fluorescence and phosphorescence of toluene, the fluorescence and phosphorescence of benzotrifluoride, and the phosphorescence of benzotrichloride, each in a crystalline matrix of methylcyclohexane at 77°K, are reported. All observed lines can be given reasonable interpretations in terms of frequencies known from i.r. and Raman spectra. Lifetimes of the phosphorescence of benzotrifluoride and of benzotrichloride are also reported.
Photoisomerization of cis-2- benzoylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid

The cis and trans isomers of 2-benzoylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid interconvert in refluxing alkaline solution with accompanying exchange of hydrogen in the 2-position and with retention of one asymmetric center. The photochemical conversion produces inactive trans acid from optically active cis acid and occurs in a hydroxylic with no hydrogen exchange. A diradical mechanism is admissible for the photochemical process.
Walking Patterns in a Sample of African American, Native American, and Caucasian Women: The Cross-Cultural Activity Participation Study

This analysis describes walking patterns among African American, Native American, and Caucasian women from South Carolina and New Mexico. Walking was assessed using pedometer and physical activity (PA) record data based on 4 consecutive days on either three (Study Phase 1) or two (Study Phase 2) occasions. Participants walked 5,429 ± 2,959 steps per day and recorded 159 ± 59 minutes per day of total walking in the PA record. Most daily walking was accumulated during household (46%), transportation (26%), occupation (16%), and exercise-related (10%) walking. There was a modest correlation between steps per day and minutes per day. Steps per day were higher with education and household size, and lower with increasing age and body mass index. These findings have implications for developing PA surveys and for planning interventions related to walking patterns among women.
Advances in behavioral intervention in comprehensive cancer treatment.

This discussion reviews the current status of behavioral intervention with adult and pediatric cancer patients. The goal is to give the front-line clinician a basis for determining which behavioral intervention procedure to incorporate into clinical practice. After defining the term behavioral medicine and describing its new role in comprehensive cancer treatment, the discussion examines the use of behavioral procedures to control averasive side-effects of treatment. Although the control of chemotherapy side-effects is the primary focus (since most of the behavioral research on symptom control has dealt with reduction of nausea and vomiting with chemotherapy), the application of behavioral principles to other side-effects (i.e., anxiety and pain) associated with the aggressive treatment of cancer is assessed. The third topic is behavioral intervention to control child distress during invasive procedures. The discussion ends with a consideration of new directions of research and practice.