cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Mass Spectrometry To Identify and Characterize Bacteria: Mass spectrometry is enabling investigators to differentiate among bacterial strains and to distinguish drug-resistant from drug-susceptible isolates

Rapid, accurate, and cost-effective approaches to characterizing bacteria are of profound interest and high value to clinical, medical, and environmental microbiologists. One such approach, mass spectrometry (MS), evolved quickly during the past decade, complementing and in some instances surpassing other, more conventional but also time- and labor-intensive approaches for characterizing bacteria and other microorganisms. Whereas biochemical analyses that depend on metabolic reactions or PCR might require hours or days to complete, MS analysis can yield data in minutes. Rapid MS analysis is being applied to a remarkably diverse array of bacteria with agricultural, medical, clinical, and environmental significance. Further, commercially available MS systems are beginning to receive regulatory approval for use in diagnostic and clinical settings in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.
The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circulatory support in the 'crash and burn' patient: from implantation to weaning.

Purpose of reviewIn advanced cardiogenic shock, early mechanical circulatory support may prevent multiorgan failure and death. In this article, we are describing our experience with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) application.Recent findingsVenoarterial ECMO has been used successfully as
Data-Driven Characterization of Composites Based on Virtual Deterministic and Noisy Multiaxial Data

This paper presents an inverse methodology capable of identifying the elastic moduli of laminated composites from both deterministic and noisy data originating from virtual multiaxial tests. Unlike the conventional uniaxial characterization of materials, the methodology exploits the energy balance between the increment of external work and the corresponding increment of strain energy. It then formulates an overdetermined system of linear equations that are solved using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to compute the associated pseudoinverse array. The proposed methodology further controls the multiaxial testing machine by utilizing performance measures of the SVD process to construct objective functions that are maximized in order to compute loading path design variables. Numerical examples investigate the significance, robustness and efficiency of the proposed methodology. Deterministic and noisy data are synthesized in order to demonstrate the applicability of the technique with respect to realistic characterization problems. The effect of noisy data in the characterization process has been examined in a manner that leads to a demonstration of the practicality of the approach.© 2008 ASME
Temperature and the Preference of the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid for Resistant and Susceptible Alfalfa Plants

When excised leaves and whole plants of resistant and susceptible alfalfa clones were held at 27°C Therioaphis maculata (Buckton) given a free choice generally preferred the more susceptible plants. When the alfalfa was held at 10°C the aphids reacted to some resistant plants as if they were susceptible. Also, the preference of the aphids for 1 clone changed depending on whether excised leaves or whole plants were offered.
Application of Pregnancy Manager Model in Improving Pregnancy Management Quality

Objectives:To discuss the application of pregnancy manager model in improving pregnancy management quality.Methods A total of 400 pregnant women cared in our hospital from January to December,2011 were divided into the control group(n=200) and the observation group(n=200).The control group received traditional pregnancy management,while the observation group received additional pregnancy manager model,which provided standard prenatal tracking,individualized pregnancy nutrition,exercise advice,and psychological intervention.Both groups' compliance to pregnancy examination,pregnancy weight increase and pregnancy outcomes were observed.Results The differences between the two groups were of statistical significance.Conclusion Pregnancy manager model provided the pregnant women with comprehensive tracking management and thus improved pregnancy management quality.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Treatment of Luxatio Erecta (Inferior Shoulder Dislocation)

Abstract Background Point-of-care-ultrasound (POC-US) is an increasingly popular tool in the assessment of a wide variety of emergency department patients. In this case report we discuss how POC-US aided in the diagnosis and treatment of inferior shoulder dislocation, a rare presentation of a common emergency department complaint. Case Report A 69-year-old female presented to the emergency department with severe shoulder pain after a ground level fall. Her arm was held overhead with her shoulder trapped in abduction. POC-US confirmed the diagnosis of inferior shoulder dislocation, guided glenohumeral intraarticular anesthesia, and confirmed successful reduction. Why an emergency physician should be aware of this: POC-US is a useful tool for the emergency physician when confronted with shoulder dislocation. US not only confirms the dislocation, but also differentiates between anterior versus posterior versus inferior dislocation. POC-US can guide the placement of intraarticular lidocaine for anesthesia which then potentially reduces time, expense, and risk of procedural sedation. Finally, POC-US may reduce failed reductions by providing immediate visual confirmation and in the case of reductions performed under sedation, may prevent the need for repeat sedation.
Bladder Carcinosarcoma: Histologic Variation in Metastatic Lesions

Carcinosarcoma is a tumor composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements, which occurs rarely in the bladder. Although the prognosis of bladder carcinosarcoma is known to be poor the histology of metastatic lesions is not well described. We report 2 cases of bladder carcinosarcoma with pelvic lymph node involvement. Pure sarcomatous metastasis was present in 1 patient and only carcinoma in the other. The histologic composition of metastatic lesions may be of significance in treatment planning in patients with bladder carcinosarcoma.
Factors That Predict Premature Termination Among Mexican-American Children in Outpatient Psychotherapy

The role of demographic variables, acculturation, and therapy attitudes and expectations in predicting treatment dropout for Mexican-American families who presented for mental health treatment for a young child at a community mental health center was examined. Univariate analyses indicated that less educated parents who felt that they should be able to overcome their child's mental health problems on their own, and who felt that emotional and behavioral problems should be handled by increasing discipline were more likely to terminate prematurely. In addition, parents who perceived more barriers to treatment and expected their child to recover quickly were more likely to drop out of treatment after attending just one session. Measures of household income, acculturation, therapist–client ethnic match, perceptions of stigma, and expectations of therapist directiveness were not related to treatment dropout. When multivariate analyses were examined, parental education, perceived barriers to treatment, and belief in increased discipline remained significant predictors of treatment dropout, and client–therapist ethnic match became a significant predictor of dropout. Results are discussed in terms of implications for culturally-sensitive interventions.
Autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia and adenosine deaminase overproduction.

Paglia et al have described a kindred with an autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia characterized by a 70- to 100-fold elevation in erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity and decreased ATP pools (1, 2). The disorder appears to be limited to red blood cells (RBC), as B lymphoblast, granulocyte, and skin fibroblast ADA activities fall within the normal range. Kinetic and physicochemical properties of ADA partially purified from proband RBC are normal, suggesting that the enzyme contains no structural abnormalities (3).
Human Ecology as Human Behavior

Since the term “anthropology” appears in the title, and since anthropology is intimately associated with the concept of culture, it is necessary at the outset to describe the writer’s views on the use and meaning of the concept. I consider that “culture” is an abstract generalization made from observing behavior, and, as such, it cannot be a cause of that same behavior.1 However, some of the various phenomena included in the catchall conception of culture are undeniably influential in shaping concepts and practices related to the physical environment. But these phenomena have differing roles to play in this complex process, and therefore must be treated separately. For example, while ideology may influence conceptions of the conservation of resources for posterity, consumer desires may work in the opposite direction. To say that “culture” shapes or determines our use of the environment thus has little meaning. It is necessary to specify what components of culture, in what circumstances, at what times. Moreover, it is necessary to translate these cultural elements into active behavioral tendencies: responses and adaptations made by real people in real-life contexts.
Predicting Pressure Drop, Temperature, and Particulate Matter Distribution of a Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Using a Multi-Zone Model Including Cake Permeability

A multi-zone particulate filter (MPF) model was developed to predict pressure drop and PM oxidation of a catalyzed diesel particulate filter (CPF). The MPF model builds upon our previous work (Mahadevan et al., J Emiss Control Sci Technol 1:183–202, 2015; Mahadevan et al., J Emiss Control Sci Technol 1:255–283, 2015) by adding a new multi-zone version of a classical 1-D filtration model (Konstandopoulos and Johnson, 1989) to account for PM filtration within the substrate wall and PM cake of a CPF. In addition, pressure drop (∆P) simulation capability was also developed for the MPF model in order to simulate the pressure drop across the substrate wall and PM cake of the CPF. A cake permeability model was developed based on fundamental research findings in the literature. The PM cake and wall pressure drop simulation accounts for the wall and cake permeability variation during loading, PM oxidation, and an additional post-loading after oxidation. This extended MPF model was calibrated using 18 runs of experimental data from a Cummins ISL engine that consisted of passive and active regeneration data sets for ULSD, B10, and B20 fuels. The validation results show that the new MPF model can predict PM loading with a maximum root mean square (RMS) error of 7.4% and predict (∆P) across the filter with an RMS error of within 7.2%. It is found that the permeability of the PM cake layer increases rapidly during PM oxidation. The increase in permeability was attributed to the damage in the PM cake and was simulated using the newly developed cake permeability model. The increased permeability of the damaged PM cake layer and oxidation of cake PM leads to near zero cake PM pressure drop during PM oxidation for the passive and active regeneration experiments.
Dynamic Effects Associated with Joint Compliance in Cartesian-Frame Manipulators

Abstract Path deviations caused by joint compliances in cartesian-frame manipulators are analyzed. Separation of gross and incremental degrees of freedom allowed to reduce the problem to a system of six linear differential equations for four translational and two angular incremental coordinate. It is shown that the latter are associated with a danger of generation of negative damping, whose intensity depends on structural and motion parameters. A computational example has shown possibility of a substantial increase in dynamic path deviations due to a changing combination of motion parameter signs
Pathways to Externalizing Behavior: The Effects of Mother's Harsh Parenting and Toddler's Emotional Reactivity

PATHWAYS TO EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR: THE EFFECTS OF MOTHER'S HARCH PARENTING AND TODDLER'S EMOTIONAL By Sandra H. Henderson, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2006 Director: Arnold L. Stolberg, Ph.D.,Professor of Psychology, Director of Clinical Training: Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology Externalizing behavior is stable as early as 2 years of age and is a precursor to many childhood and adult negative outcomes. Although global self report data show a relationship between parenting and children's externalizing, few studies have exanlined the proximal effect of observed mother's parenting on children's expression of aggression. A sample of 55 primarily African American, toddler-mother dyads were observed in their homes. Data was collected on the 2-year-old children's emotional reactivity, externalizing behavior, social competence and mother's harsh and supportive parenting. A second wave of data was collected one year later with a smaller sample, n=37. Children who were boys and more emotionally reactive had higher Externalizing scores on the CBCL, both at age 2 and 3. Mothers who used contingent harsh parenting in response to child noncompliance had children who were higher on Externalizing behavior concurrently, but not across time. Mother's contingent supportive parenting in response to child compliance at age 2 predicted children's Social Competence at age 3. Results lend support to a transactional model of parent-child interaction very early in development that can be linked variously to children's aggressive, acting out and prosocial behaviors.
Recent and Anticipated Development of Industrial Organic Electrochemical Synthesis

A history of industrial organic electrochemical synthesis could be constructed from existing books (1) and review articles (2). It would show that until relatively recently the efforts put forth to develop this technology did not compare with the massive assaults on other technological problems. It would show sporadic successes and failures rather than smooth progress from era to era. It would show that certain electrochemical processes that were advantageous at the time they were introduced were later replaced by other “conventional” technologies. Since in the non-communist world the preferability of one process over another depends almost exclusively on considerations of economy of production, one must conclude that until the recent past organic electrochemical processes were too expensive compared to alternative processes leading to the same product(s).
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LOW DOSE DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CATHETER ABLATION

It is unclear about perioperative complication of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients underwent catheter ablation with low dose direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). We considered the efficacy and safety of low dose DOACs for AF patients compared to high dose DOACs during perioperative term. We
Tissue-Specific Optical Mapping Models of Swine Atria Informed by Optical Coherence Tomography.

Abstract Computational models and experimental optical mapping of cardiac electrophysiology serve as powerful tools to investigate the underlying mechanisms of arrhythmias. Modeling can also aid the interpretation of optical mapping signals, which may have different characteristics with respect to the underlying electrophysiological signals they represent. However, despite the prevalence of atrial arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, models of optical electrical mapping incorporating realistic structure of the atria are lacking. Therefore, we developed image-based models of atrial tissue using structural information extracted from optical coherence tomography (OCT), which can provide volumetric tissue characteristics in high resolution. OCT volumetric data of four swine atrial tissue samples were used to develop models incorporating tissue geometry, tissue-specific myofiber orientation, and ablation lesion regions. We demonstrated the use of these models through electrophysiology and photon scattering simulations. Changes in transmural electrical conduction were observed with the inclusion of OCT-derived, depth-resolved fiber orientation. Additionally, the amplitude of optical mapping signals were not found to correspond with lesion transmurality because of lesion geometry and electrical propagation occurring beyond excitation light penetration. This work established a framework for the development of tissue-specific models of atrial tissue derived from OCT imaging data, which can be useful in future investigations of electrophysiology and optical mapping signals with respect to realistic atrial tissue structure.
Privacy-preserving and fine-grained data aggregation framework for crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing is a new way of finishing a task, especially for data aggregation, where the requester can out-sourcing her task to the workers and get the aggregated results. Despite the benefits, current crowdsourcing system has serious security and privacy issues impeding the wide acceptance of crowdsourcing. In particular, a requester cannot achieve privacy-preserving fine-grained access control to her task, and the workers' data privacy is not well preserved in existing crowdsourcing systems. The concerns on privacy make requester and workers lose incentive in using or participating in crowdsourcing. To address these issues, we propose a privacy-preserving and fine-grained data aggregation framework especially for crowdsourcing system. Security and performance analysis show the security, feasibility, and efficiency of our scheme.
Surface Water: A Critical Resource of the Great Plains

The Great Plains is an area dominated by grassland, cropland, and major river systems that drain the nation’s heartland. The hydrologic setting of the area provides a factual foundation for potential water policy and management challenges and how multiple interests may affect management priorities of surface water resources.
Comparison between Lever and Scheil Rules for Modeling of Microporosity Formation during Solidification

Segregation and microporosity formation are two important physicalphenomena that occur during solidification of binary alloys. The aim ofthis study is to investigate the effect of the model of solute diffusionat the local scale (which means at the local scale of the microscopicrepresentative elemental average volume (REV)) on solute transport andthe microporosity formation during this process. The Scheil rule and thelever rule are used to describe the solute diffusion at the local scale.Results indicate that solute diffusion at the local scale is animportant factor in microporosity formation. Also, microporosityformation slightly reduces inverse segregation because it partiallycompensates for shrinkage. The increase of the external pressure at thefree surface or the decrease of the initial hydrogen concentration inthe molten alloy can be effectively utilized to control microporosityformation.
Non-minimax search strategies for use against fallible opponents

Most previous research on the use of search for minimax game playing has focused on improving search efficiency rather than on better utilizing available information. In a previous paper we developed models of imperfect opponent play based on a notion we call playing strength. In this paper, we use the insights acquired in our study of imperfect play and ideas expressed in papers by Slagle and Dixon, Ballard, Nau, and Pearl to develop alternatives to the conventional minimax strategy. We demonstrate that, in particular situations, against both perfect and imperfect opponents, our strategy yields an improvement comparable to or exceeding that provided by an additional ply of search.
Drug-Induced Fatty Liver Disease

Drug-induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD) is one of the manifestations of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) based on histopathology findings of steatosis or steatohepatitis. DIFLD has high semblance to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), where similar histopathological features are seen. As NAFLD is a commonly occurring disease, differentiating DIFLD from NAFLD requires a thorough history of medication use. Outcomes in DIFLD vary with the clinical presentation, with extremely high mortality in acute fatty liver presentations and indolent course in the rest. Pathophysiology in almost all cases of DIFLD encompasses one of the following: increased uptake or decreased output of triglycerides from hepatocytes or decreased metabolism of triglycerides (such as fatty acid oxidation) or electron transport chain. DIFLD may present as acute fatty liver or more commonly as indolent fatty liver disease. In this article, we outline pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and common medications associated with DIFLD. Recent findings give insights into new technologies that may help us understand common pathways that are associated with drugs that cause and factors that modify susceptibility to DIFLD. Latest research has also allowed for identification of genetic polymorphisms associated with increased risk for DIFLD using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Drugs associated with DIFLD may have distinct clinical presentations, disease progression, and outcomes, timely identification of which is crucial to clinical management. We provide a succinct read for anyone interested in DIFLD phenotype of DILI, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management.
Antimicrobial action of calprotectin that does not involve metal withholding

Calprotectin is a potent antimicrobial that inhibits the growth of pathogens by tightly binding transition metals such as Mn and Zn, thereby preventing their uptake and utilization by invading microbes. At sites of infection, calprotectin is abundantly released from neutrophils, but calprotectin is also present in non-neutrophil cell types that may be relevant to infections. We show here that in patients infected with the Lyme disease pathogen Borreliella (Borrelia) burgdorferi, calprotectin is produced in neutrophil-free regions of the skin, in both epidermal keratinocytes and in immune cells infiltrating the dermis, including CD68 positive macrophages. In culture, B. burgdorferi's growth is inhibited by calprotectin, but surprisingly, the mechanism does not involve the classical withholding of metal nutrients. B. burgdorferi cells exposed to calprotectin cease growth with no reduction in intracellular Mn and no loss in activity of Mn enzymes including the SodA superoxide dismutase. Additionally, there is no obvious loss in intracellular Zn. Rather than metal depletion, we find that calprotectin inhibits B. burgdorferi growth through a mechanism that requires physical association of calprotectin with the bacteria. By comparison, calprotectin inhibited E. coli growth without physically interacting with the microbe, and calprotectin effectively depleted E. coli of intracellular Mn and Zn. Our studies with B. burgdorferi demonstrate that the antimicrobial capacity of calprotectin is complex and extends well beyond simple withholding of metal micronutrients.
History of N-Acetylcysteine

N-Acetylcysteine, commonly referred to as NAC, is the N-acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine. When ingested, it is rapidly deacetylated during first-pass metabolism to the essential amino acid cysteine and then stored by the liver, which uses and releases it as needed. It is also stored, utilized, and/or released into the bloodstream as glutathione (GSH), a cysteine-containing tripeptide that serves as a detoxifying agent, a coenzyme for multiple enzymes, and a key component of the electron transport system.
Expansion Thoracoplasty as a Life-Saving Procedure in an Adolescent With Severe Spinal Deformity and Sacral Agenesis.

Abstract Study Design Case report. Objectives To describe use of expansion thoracoplasty (ET) for severe thoracic insufficiency syndrome (TIS) in an adolescent with severe spinal deformity. Background ET is typically performed in young patients with TIS to increase chest cavity volume, improve alveolar expansion, and potentially improve alveolar proliferation. ET has not been well-described in adolescent patients with TIS. Method A mature adolescent with previously treated myelokyphosis and sacral agenesis developed severe TIS with dependence on supplemental oxygen and noninvasive ventilation. She was treated with two-stage bilateral ET and vertical expandable prosthetic titanium rib (VEPTR) placement. Yearly pulmonary function testing (PFT) was performed over 7 years of follow-up. Results Significant clinical pulmonary improvement was achieved and maintained at final follow-up, as the patient no longer required supplemental oxygen. Percentage predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) improved from 29% to 36%; percentage predicted forced expiratory volume–1 second (FEV1) improved from 30% to 36%. Conclusions This case demonstrates that improvement and stabilization of respiratory function can be achieved with instrumented ET in a skeletally mature adolescent with severe TIS and spinal deformity.
Special considerations for nasoseptal flap use in children

The introduction of the vascularized pedicled nasoseptal flap has revolutionized endoscopic skull base surgery, providing a highly versatile option to repair even the most complex skull base defects. Though demonstrated with outstanding results in adult patients, there is limited experience in the pediatric population. Early investigation found that there are limitations in utilization of the nasoseptal flap in children due to craniofacial restrictions. More recently, these concerns have been mitigated, and nasoseptal flaps are reliably used in reconstructing even the largest skull base defects in the youngest patients. Preoperative planning and review of imaging and meticulous intraoperative dissection are essential for successful reconstructive outcomes.
Molecular Addition Compounds. 15. Synthesis, Hydroboration, and Reduction Studies of New, Highly Reactive tert-Butyldialkylamine−Borane Adducts

Two series of tert-butyldialkylamines have been prepared and examined for borane complexation. The complexing ability of each amine in the two series examined decreases in the order shown. First series: t-BuN(CH2CH2)2O 1a > t-BuNEt2 1b > t-BuNPrn21c > t-BuN(CH2CH2OMe)2 1d ≫ t-BuNBui2 1e. Second series: t-BuNBuiMe 2a > t-BuNPriMe 2b > t-BuNBuiEt 2c > t-BuNBuiPrn 2d ≫t-BuNPriEt 2e. The reactivity of the corresponding borane adducts toward 1-octene increases in the reverse order. The following amines form highly reactive liquid borane adducts hydroborating 1-octene in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature in less than 1 h: t-BuN(CH2CH2OMe)2, t-BuNBuiEt, and t-BuNPriMe. The limit of borane complexation among the amines examined is reached for t-BuNBui2 exchanging borane neither with BMS nor with BH3−THF. Among the various borane adducts prepared, the more promising borane adducts, t-Bu(CH3OCH2CH2)2N−BH3 (7), t-BuMePriN−BH3 (8), and t-BuEtBuiN−BH3 (9), were selected for complete hydroboration and reduction st...
The Cognitive Process of Wildland Fire Chainsaw Troubleshooting: Structure, Content, and Training:

Wildland firefighting often involves the creation of a fireline (a break in vegetative fuels), an operation commonly hindered by the break-down of gas-powered chainsaws. Some firefighters may not p...
The greenhouse gas effects of increased US oil and gas production

Increased oil and natural gas production in the United States has decreased domestic natural gas prices and global oil prices. The resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts have received substantial attention, with most focus on natural gas and relatively little on oil. In this paper, I provide an estimate of how increased production affects these emissions through changes in the US energy mix, methane emissions, and—crucially—global oil prices. Under a high oil and gas production scenario, US GHG emissions in 2030 are 100–600 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (2–10%) higher than under a low production scenario. Under the high production scenario, lower global oil prices and increased consumption raise non-US carbon dioxide emissions by 450–900 million metric tons relative to a low production scenario in 2030. These estimates assume that OPEC does not strategically reduce production to offset U.S. gains.
A survey of brucellosis awareness in some occupational groups in Jiangsu Province

Objective To find out the situation of brucellosis(referred to as brucellosis) cognition in some occupational groups in Jiangsu Province.Methods We conducted an interview and collected data by structured questionnaire on 238 workers from butchery,trading market and stockyard.The individual demographic information and knowledge of brucellosis such as brucellosis symptoms,epidemiology and protecting measures were designed in the questionnaire.The rate of knowledge of each question was calculated.Each question was score marked and analyzed sort by age,gender,working years,occupation and degree of education (total score was 100).Results There were 31.09％(74/238) workers who had not heard of brucellosis.Overall awareness of clinical symptoms and signs of brucellosis was only 26.89％ (64/238).As for the awareness rate of infection in different occupational workers,37.82％(90/238) of the workers knew feeding sick animals could be infected; 37.39％ (89/238) of the workers knew trafficking sick animals could be infected; 42.02％(100/238) knew that slaughter of sick animals could be infected; 38.66％ (92/238) knew that process sick animals could be infected; 33.19％ (79/238) knew that contact with apoblema could be infected; and 32.35％(77/238) knew that contact with sick animals excrement and secretions could be infected.When in contact with sick animal's apoblema,59.66％ (142/238) of the people thought that they need good protection; when in contact with sick animals and their products,21.43％(51/238) of the people thought that they need good protection.For breeding sites,there were 74.37％ (177/238) of people thought that the places require frequent cleaning and disinfection.If the livestock was dead,24.79％ (51/238) of the workers would kill and bury them deeply,18.91％(45/238) would kill and bury them casually,2.52％(6/238) would choose to sell them and 53.78％ (128/238) did not know how to handle the situation.Comprehensive quantitative analysis showed that the average awareness score of the workers was only 32 ± 28 (ranging 0 to 96).Among 61-to 83-year-age group and 41-to 50-year-age group,the highest score was 38 ± 25 and 37 ± 29,the average score of different age group was statistically significantly different(F=3.2,P＜ 0.05).Employees in more than 20 years seniority had the highest average score (40 ± 29),which significantly higher than that of the workers whose length of service was.11 to 20 years and below,and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.1,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Some occupational groups in Jiangsu Province are seriously lack of knowledge on the hazard of brucellosis and preventive measures.We should strengthen publicity on brucellosis prevention and health education in professional personnel. Key words: Brucellosis; Occupational groups; Awareness; Rate of knowledge
Health Care in a Changing North Carolina Climate

North Carolina's health care systems face dramatic risks from climate change that are here now and will last for decades, including disease outcomes and increased health risks that will disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations. At the local level, health care practitioners have to become advocates for climate mitigation; longer-term responses must involve society at all levels.
Olfactory Stimulation Regulates the Birth of Neurons That Express Specific Odorant Receptors.

Summary In mammals, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are born throughout life, ostensibly solely to replace damaged OSNs. During differentiation, each OSN precursor "chooses," out of hundreds of possibilities, a single odorant receptor (OR) gene, which defines the identity of the mature OSN. The relative neurogenesis rates of the hundreds of distinct OSN "subtypes" are thought to be constant, as they are determined by a stochastic process in which each OR is chosen with a fixed probability. Here, using histological, single-cell, and targeted affinity purification approaches, we show that closing one nostril in mice selectively reduces the number of newly generated OSNs of specific subtypes. Moreover, these reductions depend on an animal's age and/or environment. Stimulation-dependent changes in the number of new OSNs are not attributable to altered rates of cell survival but rather production. Our findings indicate that the relative birth rates of distinct OSN subtypes depend on olfactory experience.
Provisioning IEEE Smart Transducer Standards (P21451.1) to Include Health Metrics via HEDS

Rapid evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) devices places new demands on the ease of networking very large numbers of devices. The IEEE 1451 family of smart transducer standards for sensors and actuators is evolving to keep pace. One of the most important innovations within the standards is the transducer electronic data sheet (TEDS), which conveys essential device information. For distributed networks, the health of devices is of increasing concern as a means to for assuring measurement and control actions. This paper describes the adaptation of the TEDS concept to a health electronic data sheet (HEDS) that is to be proposed as part of ongoing standards update activities. The HEDS has a lexicon of anomalies and associated measures, which an application can access to support the health functions. Pushing the use of HEDS to edge devices can distribute health assessment across all levels of a system hierarchy.
The local lifting problem for A4

We solve the local lifting problem for the alternating group A4, thus showing that it is a local Oort group. Specifically, if k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2, we prove that every A4-extension of k[[s]] lifts to characteristic zero.
Selective chemical vapor deposition of HfB2 on Al2O3 over SiO2 and the acceleration of nucleation on SiO2 by pretreatment with Hf[N(CH3)2]4

We show that growth of the metallic ceramic HfB2 by CVD from Hf(BH4)4 at 220 °C is inherently selective on Al2O3 over SiO2: a 10.4-nm film grows on Al2O3 in 16 min, whereas only 0.07 nm of HfB2 grows on SiO2 in 18 min. Nucleation occurs on both SiO2 and Al2O3; however, the Al2O3 surface has a much higher density of nuclei such that HfB2 islands quickly coalesce to form continuous films, followed by steady-state growth of HfB2. On SiO2, nucleation is sparse and coalescence of the islands takes much longer; as a result, the overall growth rate is slower. Sparse nucleation on SiO2 also leads to a rough layer with a broad height distribution function: for a deposit containing 1.6 × 1015 Hf atoms/cm2 (equivalent to a bulk thickness of 0.5 nm for HfB2), the rms roughness is 3.8 nm on SiO2 but only 1.3 nm on Al2O3. The difference in the formation rate of nuclei (and thus the area density of nuclei) is attributed to the different acid-base character of hydroxyl groups on these oxide surfaces. We also found that, when growth on SiO2 is desired, the surface can be modified by exposure to tetrakis(dimethylamido)hafnium, which adsorbs to saturation at ∼1 monolayer. Subsequent exposure of this pretreated surface leads to an increased density of HfB2 nuclei, a reduced coalescence time, and a smaller roughness of the resulting surface from 3.8 to 1.7 nm. By contrast, a similar pretreatment on Al2O3 has little effect on the roughness of subsequently grown HfB2 films, which are already relatively smooth when grown on untreated alumina surfaces.
Spacer-Layer-Tunable Magnetism and High-Field Topological Hall Effect in Topological Insulator Heterostructures

Controlling magnetic order in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs) is a key to developing spintronic applications with MTIs and is commonly achieved by changing the magnetic doping concentration, which inevitably affects the spin-orbit coupling strength and the topological properties. Here, we demonstrate tunable magnetic properties in topological heterostructures over a wide range, from a ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature of around 100 K all the way to a paramagnetic phase, while keeping the overall chemical composition the same, by controlling the thickness of nonmagnetic spacer layers between two atomically thin magnetic layers. This work showcases that spacer-layer control is a powerful tool to manipulate magneto-topological functionalities in MTI heterostructures. Furthermore, the interaction between the MTI and the Cr2O3 buffer layers also leads to a robust topological Hall effect surviving up to a record-high 6 T of magnetic field, shedding light on the critical role of interfacial layers in thin-film topological materials.
Developing a Dashboard for High Occupancy Buildings

Energy management tools have become essential for high occupancy buildings because they allow building managers to understand their building’s energy efficiency and identify areas of environmental waste. However, a published and customizable energy management tool standardized for all high occupancy buildings currently does not exist, requiring individual companies to spend time and money creating one that more accurately models their building’s energy efficiency. In this project, we developed the prototype Dean Dashboard, a customizable energy management tool that analyzes a building’s energy usage and optimizes the cost to meet a goal of obtaining the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Operation and Maintenance (O&M) certification. This project uses an M.C. Dean operated-and-maintained facility as the case model. M.C. Dean is a design-build company for mission-critical facilities. The Dean Dashboard is comprised of five key features: exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) forecasting models, EWMA control charts, energy efficiency metric calculations, a LEED score optimization model, and a system improvement analysis. Through the integration of these features, the dashboard provides detailed insights into a building’s energy consumption and provides recommendations for how the building can improve its energy efficiency.
Comparative Deindustrialization: A Note on American and British Manufacturing Since the 1970s

An examination of the manufacturing output of Britain and the U.S. (the two advanced industrial countries most associated with neoliberalism and "the Anglo-Saxon model") over time shows striking parallelism but also striking differences. In particular an examination of United Nations' statistics on the matter indicates a significant divergence after 1990, with British manufacturing stagnating in per capita terms, and America's continuing to expand. This paper examines that data, and explains the differences in terms of the U.S. enjoying successes in a small number of sectors (computer and electronic products, petroleum and coal products, chemicals and aerospace-defense goods), and suggests that to the extent that the U.S. has outdone Britain here, it is a matter of the government support that created its historic strength in the relevant sectors, notably computers and aerospace-defense; the country's continued high levels of defense spending; and the fossil fuel resources exploited in the shale boom (of which not just the oil and gas-oriented sectors, but chemicals especially and other parts of the industrial base have been beneficiaries); which have in at least some measure offset the broader trend of decline in the sector.
Wireless Charging of IoT Devices in Smart Homes Using Retrodirective WPT

The charging or powering up of Internet of Things (IoT) devices wirelessly is the vision of future technologies deployed in a smart home or office. Hence, the goal of our research is to combine wireless power transfer (WPT) technology with an IoT-enabled smart house. This paper examines the behavior of a WPT system employing phase conjugation retrodirective linear transmitting antenna array in reverberating room with reflecting walls. Specifically, we consider retrodirective 10 elements transmitting antenna array (Tx) located on the ceiling of a cubical room and one receiving antenna (Rx) placed randomly in various locations. We calculate the power flow density inside the room. Simulations results show that using retrodirective Tx array in the context of WPT for smart home has the ability to focus the power toward the Rx location. Interestingly and contrary to free space, we show that the presence of reflecting walls results in a shaped microwave field around the receiving antenna, creating additional hotspots. This allows to wirelessly charge IoT devices or to power-up multiple home appliances wherever the device exists, and provides position free charging of devices both stationary or on the move.
Technology-Enriched STEM Investigations of Place: Using Technology to Extend the Senses and Build Connections to and Between Places in Science Education

In this article we explore how reconceptualizing the role of technology in place-based education (PBE) enhances place responsive pedagogies through technology. Combining the strengths of adventure learning (AL) and PBE, Adventure Learning @ (AL@) advances both place responsive education and online learning in science education. This is needed, as the conventional AL model lacks authentic explorations of places that are ‘‘local’’ to the expedition teams and the students following along. The AL@ approach promotes localized authorship and knowledge keeping. AL@ more fully realizes the potential of AL, using PBE approaches that engage students as authors of knowledge through direct field experiences and the creation of digital artifacts of scientific inquiry. 2015 National Association of Geoscience Teachers. [DOI: 10.5408/12-399.1]
Nicotinic Receptors and the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia

Nicotine normalizes several physiological abnormalities found in schizophrenia, including a deficit in the inhibitory gating of the P50 evoked response to repeated auditory stimuli. Animal models suggest the involvement of α7 nicotinic receptor subunits on hippocampal interneurons. The deficit is distributed in the families of schizophrenics in a pattern consistent with autosomal dominant transmission, and there is some evidence suggestive of linkage at the chromosomal locus of the α7 gene.
Modular Nature of Blimp-1 in the Regulation of Gene Expression during B Cell Maturation

The transcription factor Blimp-1 induces the maturation of B cells into Ab-secreting plasma cells. DNA microarrays were used to analyze the transcription profiles of both Blimp-1-transduced murine B cell lines and the inducible B cell line BCL 1 . Hundreds of genes were differentially regulated, showing how Blimp-1 both restricts affinity maturation and promotes Ab secretion, homeostasis, migration, and differentiation. Strikingly, when different modes of plasma cell induction are used, very different genetic programs are used, suggesting that the transition from a B cell to plasma cell can occur in multiple ways, perhaps accounting for the different types of Ab-secreting cells observed in vivo. Furthermore, mutagenesis of Blimp-1 reveals multiple effector domains, which regulate distinct genes. This indicates that Blimp-1 subdivides the maturation program into select and tunable pathways.
Do interest groups compete? An application to endangered species

Becker (1983) hypothesized thatinterest groups compete strategically forinfluence with policy makers; thatimportant model has been assumed or ignoredrather than tested. This paper buildstheoretical and econometric frameworks thatcan test hypotheses about strategicbehavior when data on interest-groupactivity are limited and discrete. Itapplies those frameworks to data oninterest-group pressure regarding additionsto the U.S. endangered species list. Theresults do indicate that these interestgroups respond to costs and benefits, butdo not support the hypothesis that pressurefrom one interest group increases ordecreases with the pressure intensity of anopposing group.
Optical monitoring of ultrasound interaction with blood vessels in transparent fish after injection with contrast agents

The goal of this research is to study the ultrasonic therapeutic effects on the blood vessels of animals whose vessels are optically transparent. Glass catfish were used in these experiments Anaesthetized fish were injected with Optison using microinjection techniques. Two focused transducers were used to cover a frequency range of 0.7-3.3 MHz. An inverted microscope combined with a digital camera and video monitor was used to optically monitor and record ultrasound interaction with the blood vessels in the tail of the anaesthetized fish at 200x magnification. The fish were insonified at average acoustic pressures ranging from 0.6-15 MPa. Sonications were pulsed with various burst lengths and a pulse repetition frequency of 1 Hz for 20 sec duration. For the 1.091 MHz sonications, the first type of damage that occurred due to the ultrasound interaction was structural damage to the cartilage rods that comprise the tail of the fish and was characterized by a disintegration of the lining of the rod. Damage to the rods occurred starting at 4.0 MPa, 4.4 MPa, 4.7 MPa, and 6.8 MPa for the 100 msec, 10 msec, 1 msec, and 100 /spl mu/sec sonications, respectively. The formation of large gas bubbles was observed in the blood vessels of the fish at threshold values of 4.4 MPa, 4.4 MPa, and 6.1 MPa, for the 100 msec, 10 msec, and 1 msec sonications, respectively. At 1.091 MHz, hemorrhage thresholds were observed at 4.7 MPa, 5.4 MPa, and 7.1 MPa, respectively, for the three burst lengths. No damage was observed in any fish using a 10 /spl mu/sec burst length at 1.091 MHz or the 3.273 MHz sonications at the pressures applied. The 2.273 MHz sonications induced very little damage, only to the cartilage rods in the tail.
Cholinergic mediation of γ-aminobutyric acid-induced gastrin and somatostatin release from rat antrum

Addition of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to antral mucosal fragments in short-term incubation results in dose-dependent and bicuculline-sensitive stimulation of gastrin release and inhibition of somatostatin release, respectively. These effects of GABA on antral gastrin and somatostatin release closely resembled the actions of cholinergic agonists on Gand D-cell function. The present study examines the possibility that the effects of GABA on antral peptide release may be mediated, in part, through stimulation of antral cholinergic neurons. Inclusion of either atropine or pirenzepine in incubation medium prevented GABA-induced stimulation of gastrin release and inhibition of somatostatin release. Addition of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, caused a leftward shift in the GABA dose-response curve and increased by 10-fold the sensitivity of the antral preparation to GABA stimulation. Studies with tetrodotoxin suggest that GABA-stimulated gastrin release is mediated through activation of neurons contained within the antral mucosal/submucosal fragments. Hexamethonium, the ganglionic nicotinic receptor antagonist, did not affect GABA-induced gastrin release. These results indicate that GABA affects antral gastrin and somatostatin release through stimulation of antral postganglionic cholinergic neurons.