cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional, composite polythioether nanoparticles via thiol–alkyne photopolymerization in miniemulsion

Thiol–yne photopolymerization in miniemulsion is demonstrated as a simple, rapid, and one-pot synthetic approach to polythioether nanoparticles with tuneable particle size and clickable functionality. The strategy is also useful in the synthesis of composite polymer–inorganic nanoparticles.
Application of a 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard in Direct Comparison With Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards

This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (CJVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were developed to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. A 10 V PJVS provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used as a transfer standard in the 2014 Josephson voltage standard Interlaboratory Comparison that is organized by the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International. The results of automatic direct comparisons between a NASA PJVS and three CJVSs are reported. Allan variance is applied to analyze the large number of correlated data for Type A uncertainty.
Male patrolling behaviour and sex attraction in ants of the genus Formica

Abstract Patrolling behaviour, an adaptation bringing the sexes together for copulation, is defined as the flight movements of male ants as they leave their nests in search of reproductive females, and involves flight across wind until perceiving the presence of a female. Once sex attraction has occurred, males fly directly upwind to the general location of the female, and make rapid flitting and crawling movements up and down plant stems until contact is made with the female. This phenomenon has been observed of F. montana and F. pergandei and may be common to other species of Formica, even other genera of ants. The most plausible explanation of this attraction is that the males are responding to a pheromone released by a female. The attractant is apparently wind-borne, and males are able to determine the direction of its source by antennal movements. The immediate vicinity of a female may become so saturated with attractant that males are unable to find her directly, either by chemical or visual means, but must explore each specific area of vegetation until physical contact between them is made. Male attraction may be illustrative of the mechanism used by males of many ant species to locate mates during nuptial flights. In the absence of specialized mating aggregations such as swarms, an odour stimulus would probably be a more effective attractant than auditory or visual stimulation. That this mechanism may be used by other species of ants is suggested by the discovery that females of F. ulkei, which are reproductively unattractive on the vegetation surrounding a nest, later became attractive after flying a short distance and landing in a tree.
Herpesviruses: emerging nosocomial pathogens?

Background: Herpesviruses are ubiquitous pathogens that are known to cause infection in humans and animals. It is likely that more than 90% of adults have been infected by one or more herpesviruses. As hospitalized patients become increasingly immunosuppressed by virtue of illness or therapies, it is increasingly likely that human herpesvirus infection will become manifest in the hospital. Whether these manifestations represent manifestations of reactivated latent disease or true nosocomial infections is an open question. Methods: Review of the pertinent English-language literature. Results: There are eight known herpesviruses that cause disease in humans. Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses. The prototypical structure consists of an inner DNA core that is encased within a nucleocapsid that is icosahedral in configuration and consists of capsomere subunits. Herpesvirus infection generally occurs when virus is transmitted in oral secretions from an infected to a naive host. Clinical reactivation ...
Microarrays Reveal Early Transcriptional Events during the Termination of Larval Diapause in Natural Populations of the Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

Background The mosquito Wyeomyia smithii overwinters in a larval diapause that is initiated, maintained and terminated by day length (photoperiod). We use a forward genetic approach to investigate transcriptional events involved in the termination of diapause following exposure to long-days. Methods/Principal Findings We incorporate a novel approach that compares two populations that differentially respond to a single day length. We identify 30 transcripts associated with differential response to day length. Most genes with a previously annotated function are consistent with their playing a role in the termination of diapause, in downstream developmental events, or in the transition from potentially oxygen-poor to oxygen-rich environments. One gene emerges from three separate forward genetic screens as a leading candidate for a gene contributing to the photoperiodic timing mechanism itself (photoperiodic switch). We name this gene photoperiodic response gene 1 (ppdrg1). WsPpdrg1 is up-regulated under long-day response conditions, is located under a QTL for critical photoperiod and is associated with critical photoperiod after 25 generations of recombination from a cross between extreme phenotypes. Conclusions Three independent forward genetic approaches identify WsPpdrg1 as a gene either involved in the photoperiodic switch mechanism or very tightly linked to a gene that is. We conclude that continued forward genetic approaches will be central to understanding not only the molecular basis of photoperiodism and diapause, but also the evolutionary potential of temperate and polar animal populations when confronted with rapid climate change.
Prison suicide: Suggestions from phenomenology

This article examines suicide from a phenomenological perspective. The perceived subjective world of the inmate subculture is given careful consideration. The relationship between inmates’ race, socioeconomic status, and suicide is explained through a combination of phenomenological perspectives on deviance and suicide, theories of inmate social organization, and excerpts from inmate interviews and inmate poetry. Inference from these sources suggests that anomie occurs in inmates whose social reality orientation (before incarceration) is incongruent with that of the prison milieu. This results from a double‐deviant status being placed on the inmate who is deviant both by social and prison standards. The inmates most susceptible to a double‐deviant status are predominantly white and middle‐class. For these inmates, reality becomes anomic and suicide becomes a cognitive alternative to a meaningless situation and an alternative to their socially constructed sense of reality.
Excitation of O(1S) and emission of 5577 Å radiation in aurora

Abstract The results of recent laboratory experiments suggest that the reaction N + + O 2 → NO + + O( 1 S) is the principal source of O( 1 S) in aurora. A negligible time delay between auroral ionization and O( 1 S) production is associated with this indirect process, which is a necessary condition for a viable mechanism. The 5577 A 3914 A volume emission rate ratio associated with this production source remains constant with altitude. The problems encountered by the currently accepted source of O( 1 S), the reaction of N 2 (A 3 Σ) molecules with atomic oxygen are explored, and the contributions of this and other reactions to the auroral green line emission are reevaluated.
Effect of ouabain and furosemide on pepsinogen secretion by gastric glands in vitro.

Gastric glands were isolated from rabbit stomach and pepsinogen secretion was measured after stimulation with isoproterenol, forskolin, 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-bromo cAMP), cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP), carbachol, and hyperosmolar medium. The responses to these stimuli in medium containing 143 mM Na+ and 5.4 mM K+ (normal medium) were compared with responses to the same stimuli in media containing either 0 Na+ and 5.4 mM K+, or 143 mM Na+ and O K+. In addition, the effects of ouabain and furosemide on secretion elicited by these stimuli were determined. Medium containing 0 Na+ inhibited all stimuli. Medium containing 0 K+ inhibited the action of 8-bromo cAMP and stimuli postulated to be mediated by cAMP. Ouabain inhibited the same stimuli as O K+ medium, and, in addition, inhibitied the response to hyperosmolar medium. However, ouabain enhanced the response to CCK-OP. Furosemide inhibited the response to hyperosmolar medium but had no effect on the action of any secretagogue employed. Intraglandular [Na+] increased and [K+] decreased after exposure to K+-free medium or ouabain. cAMP content of the glands was assayed after stimulation with both isoproterenol and hyperosmolar medium. Isoproterenol and hyperosmolar medium significantly increased cAMP levels. The results are discussed in relation to possible involvement of ion transport or intracellular ion concentration in the secretory process.
Effects of Plasmodium berghei (Apicomplexa) on Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) infection in the mouse, Mus musculus

Ova and free oxygen radical production and relative peripheral eosinophilia during single and concurrent infections in mice with P. berghei and N. brasiliensis were investigated. Prolonged helminth patent periods indicate that Nippostrongylus self-cure in concurrently infected mice was suppressed. Differential white blood cell determinations showed that the relative number of peripheral blood eosinophils steadily increased (P < or = 0.05) during a Nippostrongylus infection when compared to noninfected controls. Eosinophil levels in mice singly infected with P. berghei or concurrently infected with both parasites did not differ significantly from those of controls suggesting a suppression by Plasmodium of Nippostrongylus-induced eosinophilia. Generation of intestinal free oxygen radicals was indirectly assessed using the Thiobarbituric Acid Assay to measure malondialdehyde (MDA). Intestinal MDA levels were significantly elevated (P < or = 0.05) during single Plasmodium infections as well as concurrent infections while there was no change in MDA production during single Nippostrongylus infections. These results suggest suppression by Plasmodium of the immune response to Nippostrongylus, allowing prolonged patent periods. They also suggest that eosinophils play a role in self-cure while free oxygen radicals do not.
Biosynthesis of polyisoprenoid lipids in the rat tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta

Abstract 1. 1. The possible occurrence of isoprenoid lipids in the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta , was investigated by analytic and biosynthetic methods. 2. 2. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC) resolved the worm's non-saponifiable lipids into cholesterol, farnesol, and several unknown compounds, two of which migrated with dolichol standards on TLC and reacted with phthalic anhydride, a probe for alcohols; the major compound also exhibited a mass spectrum very similar to that of a dolichol standard. 3. 3. A third unknown compound separable by TLC, apparently a quinone, was intrinsically red, was decolorized by treatment with sodium dithionite and migrated on TLC in a more polar position than either ubiquinone-50 or vitamin K 1 . 4. 4. All three compounds, as well as farnesol, were labelled when worms were incubated with [ 14 C]-mevalonolactone, suggesting that they are endogenous isoprenoids.
The impact of obesity on patient survival in liver transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.

Background & Aims It is controversial if obesity has an impact on overall survival after liver transplantation (LT). The goal of this study was to determine if obesity impacts liver transplant recipient survival. Through subgroup analysis, we also evaluated different body mass index (BMI) thresholds and the confounding effect of ascites on survival. Methods A systematic literature search from 1990 until July 2013. The main outcome was to evaluate the impact of obesity on survival in adult LT recipients. Dochotomous outcomes were reported as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Thirteen studies with a total 2275 obese and 72 212 non obese patients were included in the analysis. The combined analysis showed no difference in mortality between control and increased weight patients (RR = 0.97, 95% CI [0.82, 1.13], P = 0.66) at last follow-up. Moreover, no differences in mortality were noted in subgroup analysis comparing different BMI thresholds. There was also no differences in survival when BMI was adjusted for ascites or in studies where the liver disease severity was similar. Obese patients had worse survival than nonobese patients in pooled analysis of studies which had similar causes of liver disease (RR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.52, 0.92], P = 0.01). Conclusion The results of our pools analysis suggest that BMI does not specifically impact patient survival. However, obese patients have worse survival when analysis was performed in studies whose cohorts of obese and nonobese patients had similar causes of liver disease.
Reversal of cadmium toxicity in a diatom: An interaction between cadmium activity and iron1

In batch cultures of Thalassiosira weissflogii subjected to high Cd/sup 2 +/ activities, normal growth rates are resumed when the cadmium ion activity is lowered by either dilution of the medium or addition of a chelating agent (EDTA). Toxicity reversal is possible after up to several days of high (Cd/sup 2 +/) exposure, depending on the initial Cd/sup 2 +/ activity. A sufficiently high ferric ion activity is critical for toxicity reversal; Fe must be added when the Cd/sup 2 +/ activity is decreased by addition of EDTA. The order of Fe and EDTA addition is unimportant for the reversal process. An antagonism between Cd and Fe is clearly indicated, implying that the mechanism of Cd toxicity involves in some way an impairment of iron nutrition.
Morphine‐tolerant longitudinal muscle strip from guinea‐pig ileum

Abstract 1. Implantation of morphine pellets in guinea-pigs produced a high degree of tolerance and dependence within 3 days. 2. The contractions of the longitudinal muscle induced by electrical stimulation of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations obtained from tolerant animals were less depressed by morphine than the contractions evoked in preparations from non-tolerant animals. 3. Naloxone did not alter the size of the evoked twitch but antagonized the depressant action of morphine in tolerant and in non-tolerant animals. When given to tolerant guinea-pigs, naloxone caused an increase in intestinal activity in vivo. 4. The contractile response of the longitudinal muscle to acetylcholine was the same in preparations obtained from tolerant and non-tolerant animals. Electrically evoked contractions of the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations from tolerant animals showed reduced sensitivity to the depressant effects of adrenaline, isoprenaline, and particularly, dopamine.
Effect of microstructure and hardness on non-proportional cyclic hardening coefficient and predictions

Abstract This paper investigates the effects of microstructure and hardness on non-proportional cyclic hardening of metallic materials. Constant amplitude in-phase and 90° out-of-phase strain-controlled axial-torsion cyclic tests were conducted to evaluate the hardening. Tubular specimens made from 1050 steel in normalized, quenched and tempered, and induction hardened conditions as well as 304L stainless steel were used to study the effect of microstructure on multiaxial cyclic deformation. Reductions in the non-proportional cyclic hardening were observed as the microstructure of 1050 steel changed form pearlitic–ferritic with lower hardness to tempered martensite with higher hardness. Significant non-proportional cyclic hardening was also observed for 304L stainless steel with austenitic microstructure. Multiaxial data generated in this study as well as multiaxial deformation data of several materials from literature suggest non-proportional cyclic hardening can be related to uniaxial cyclic hardening. Non-proportional hardening coefficients predicted from a proposed equation based on this observation were found to be in very good agreement with the experimental values in this study and from the literature.
Vacuum-ultraviolet photolysis of XeF2: XeF(B) fluorescence and quenching

Abstract Photolysis of XeF 2 with Kr(123.6 nm), Hg(184.9 nm) and CO(160 to 180 nm) resonance radiation gives strong XeF[B( 1 2 )−X 2 Σ + ] fluorescence. The two shorter wavelengths also give weak XeF[D( 1 2 )−X 2 Σ + ] emission. The XeF(B) vibrational distribution varies with photon energy and with pressure of added buffer gas. The addition of Xe and molecular gases results in quenching of the XeF * emision. Stern-Volmer plots of the XeF * emission intensity were used to obtain quenching rate constants for Xe, N 2 , CO 2 , NF 3 and F 2 . The XeF(BX) emission intensity is diminished by ≈ 50% with addition of one atm of Ar.
Global phase diagram of a doped Kitaev-Heisenberg model

The global phase diagram of a doped Kitaev-Heisenberg model is studied using an $SU(2)$ slave-boson mean-field method. Near the Kitaev limit, $p$$-wave superconducting states which break the time-reversal symmetry are stabilized as reported by You {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 86}, 085145 (2012)] irrespective of the sign of the Kitaev interaction. By further doping, a $$d$-wave superconducting state appears when the Kitaev interaction is antiferromagnetic, while another $p$-wave superconducting state appears when the Kitaev interaction is ferromagnetic. This $p$-wave superconducting state does not break the time-reversal symmetry as reported by Hyart {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 85}, 140510 (2012)], and such a superconducting state also appears when the antiferromagnetic Kitaev interaction and the ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction compete. This work, thus, demonstrates the clear difference between the antiferromagnetic Kitaev model and the ferromagnetic Kitaev model when carriers are doped while these models are equivalent in the undoped limit, and how novel superconducting states emerge when the Kitaev interaction and the Heisenberg interaction compete.
Survival of Pleomorphic Sarcoma-37 Transplanted Virgin Female DBA/2J Mice: Effects Produced by High Blood Glucose Levels Alone and in Combination with Drugs

Abstract Procedures for producing, monitoring, and maintaining 3-hr 400–500-mg % whole blood glucose levels in Sarcoma-37 (S-37) transplanted virgin female inbred DBA/2J mice are described. Aqueous infused 40% (w/v) dextrose was evaluated as a potential therapeutic factor. The effects of procedural variations on treatment survival and longevity are discussed. One hundred percent infusion safety and 25% increased longevity over nontreated transplanted mice were achieved. Doxorubicin and/or dacarbazine were also evaluated when administered prior to the dextrose infusion. Doxorubicin followed by intravenous dextrose increased survivor longevity by 37%, but this combination was unsafe at the drug dosages employed. A large dose of dacarbazine was safe and effective alone but unsafe when given prior to the infusion, although the survivors lived 29% longer than the untreated transplanted controls. Both drugs were marginally effective, but safe, when given together. When given together prior to the infusion, only 87% survived the treatment. The survivors lived 6 days longer than the controls.
Color-Consciousness Conceptualism

Abstract I defend against a certain line of attack the view that the conscious contents of color experiences are exhausted by, or at least matched by, the concepts brought to bear in experience by the perceiver. The line of attack is an allegedly empirical argument against conceptualism—the Diachronic Indistinguishability Argument (DIA)—based on color pairs the members of which are too similar to be distinguished across a memory delay but are sufficiently distinct to be distinguished in simultaneous presentations. I sketch a model of a conceptualist view of conscious color perception that is immune to the DIA. One distinctive feature of the conceptualism on offer here is that it does not rely upon the widely discussed and widely criticized demonstrative-concepts strategy popularized by John McDowell and others. I offer empirical and philosophical considerations in my criticisms of the DIA and my sketch of my non-demonstrative conceptualism.
Unicycle Injuries in the United States

BACKGROUND: Unicycles are single-wheel machines ridden for transportation or recreation. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed that describe injury rates of unicycle use. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of unicycle injuries treated in United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission from 1991 through 2010. RESULTS: An estimated 3360 patients were treated for unicycle injuries from 1991 to 2010, averaging 168 injuries per year in the United States. Ten to fourteen-year-old patients represented 41% of the entire study cohort. Fractures represented approximately one third (32.9%) of all injuries treated. More than half (52.9%) of all injuries involved an extremity. Six of the 85 cases studied involved a head injury; all were aged younger than 18 years. Only 3.53% of all studied cases were admitted for further treatment. The rest were treated in the ED and discharged to home. Fractures were the primary diagnosis in all admitted cases. CONCLUSIONS: Based on NEISS data, unicycle injuries treated in EDs are relatively uncommon and rarely require admission. Of documented injuries, fractures and extremity injuries are most common. Additional research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms of these injuries as well as the potential need for helmet use advocacy. Language: en
Three problems concerning ideals of differentiable functions

Abstract In this paper, we study the validity of the following two statements in the internal logic of the toposes of Synthetic Differential Geometry: 1. (1) The integral of f is non-negative if f is non-negative; 2. (2) If f =0 in the set of non-negative reals, and f =0 in the set of non-negative reals, then f =0. We find statements (1) and (2) to be true in the toposes considered. We also prove that 3. (3) For n greater than two, the arrow t n from the line to itself is not a stable effective epic. This answers a question raised by Que-Moerdijk-Reyes.
An asymmetric synthesis of a C2 symmetric tetrasubstituted biaryl: 2,2′-Dihydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl, a stable chiral system

Abstract An asymmetric synthesis of enantiomerically pure bisphenol (S)-12 was accomplished in 40–50% by an oxazoline mediated biaryl coupling.
Probing Photophysics of Individual Quantum Dot/Organic Hybrid Nanostructures

We describe single-molecule spectroscopy and simulation of intensity trajectories from CdSe quantum dots coordinated with conjugated organic ligands. We show that blinking-suppression in these systems can be explained through a modified diffusive coordinate model.
Antigen presenting cells and HLA-G : A review

Maternal antigen presenting cells, which are macrophages and dendritic cells, are scattered throughout human decidualized endometrium during all stages of pregnancy. These powerful, multi-functional leukocytes reside in close proximity to uterine glandular epithelium, uterine blood vessels, and HLA-G-producing invasive cytotrophoblast cells. Macrophages and dendritic cells, which express the HLA-G receptors, ILT2 and ILT4, play major roles in driving innate and adaptive immune responses, altering the behavior of local stromal cells, shaping the cytokine microenvironment, and protecting the tissue from infection. Therefore, encounters between decidual antigen presenting cells and HLA-G molecules are likely to influence uterine and placental homeostasis as well as local maternal immune responses to the fetus during pregnancy.
Length-of-stay policies and ascertainment of postdischarge problems in newborns.

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an early postpartum discharge program and a subsequent legislative mandate for 48 hours of hospital coverage on incidence of newborn jaundice and feeding problems. We tested the hypothesis that heightened postdischarge ascertainment (rather than short stays) is responsible for apparent increases in these outcomes. Methods. Interrupted time series analysis was conducted on retrospective data from the automated medical records of a large Massachusetts health maintenance organization (HMO). A population of 20 366 mother–infant pairs with normal vaginal deliveries between October 1990 and March 1998 was identified. The interventions included a new HMO protocol in 1994 of 1 hospital overnight after delivery, plus a nurse home visit, then the Massachusetts’ 1996 minimum coverage law. Postpartum length of stay, clinical evaluation on day 3 or 4 of life, health center visits up to day 21, health center diagnoses of jaundice or feeding problems, bilirubin testing and test severity, rehospitalizations, and emergency department visits were measured. Results. Postpartum stays Conclusions. Sudden increases in jaundice-related measures and identification of infant feeding problems were not associated with changes in length of stay in this setting. Instead, these increases seem to be the result of more frequent evaluation of newborns during the critical day 3 to 4 period and may also have been elevated by a new climate of concern about neonatal vulnerability. “Ascertainment bias” may have confounded findings in previous reports that raised concerns about the safety of early discharge.
Morphogenesis of the palate in normal human embryos with special emphasis on the mechanisms involved

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the classical description of fusion as the closure mechanism of both the hard and soft palates in normal human embryos. Does the soft palate develop by a posterior continuation of shelf apposition, epithelial lamination and disintegration, and by mesenchymal cell fusion as described for the hard palate? Or does the soft palate develop by proliferation and migration of subepithelial mesenchymal growth centers at the posterior edge of the fused hard palate so that the early furrow which separates the two primordial processes of the soft palate is progressively obliterated by mesenchymal merging at the furrow base? Observations of human embryos prior to, during, and after palatal closure (7–12 wks, 18–75 mm C-R length) indicated (1) an anteroposterior gradient of palatal closure beginning at the primary palate and (2) epithelial fusion remnants found only in the hard palate regions. These observations suggest that the soft palate develops by a displacement of epithelium by mesenchymal merging rather than by epithelial fusion of the entire secondary palatine processes.
Linguistic assessment of welded structures with fatigue damage

Abstract Frequently in fatigue damage assessments of welded structures, the available information includes linguistic descriptions of the damage and numerical results from tests and analyses. The precision of the numerical results and the precision of the linguistic descriptions may be inconsistent. However, the incorporation of both types of information is important for a meaningful assessment of structural damage. A linguistic damage assessment technique is presented to incorporate both forms of information into the assessment procedure. The variables used in the assessment are described with linguistic terms that are represented with fuzzy membership functions. A damage assessment function is then determined using fuzzy quantification theory and is used to determine the damaged state. A criterion function is proposed to determine the effects of procedural variables on the assessment function. Finally, the technique is demonstrated using experimental data on the effects of slag inclusions in welded joints.
Multiple selections in smart text editing

Multiple selections, though heavily used in file managers and drawing editors, are virtually nonexistent in text editing. This paper describes how multiple selections can automate repetitive text editing. Selection guessing infers a multiple selection from positive and negative examples provided by the user. The multiple selection can then be used for inserting, deleting, copying, pasting, or other editing commands. Simultaneous editing uses two levels of inference, first inferring a group of records to be edited, then inferring multiple selections with exactly one selection in each record. Both techniques have been evaluated by user studies and shown to be fast and usable for novices. Simultaneous editing required only 1.26 examples per selection in the user study, approaching the ideal of 1-example PBD. Multiple selections bring many benefits, including better user feedback, fast, accurate inference, novel forms of intelligent assistance, and the ability to override system inferences with manual corrections.
The Fundamental Nuclear Interaction

GOPEB based upon known mesons have been found which realistically describe a massive accumulation of the experimental nuclear data up to 400 Mev. The N-N potential according to these models consists primarily of weak residual central terms surviving the cancellation of large repulsive and attractive vector and scalar static components; relativistic interactions arising from the exchange of pseudoscalar, vector, and scalar mesons and dipole type terms arising from the ρ meson. The major dynamic terms are direct analogs of magnetic interactions illustrated in Fig. 1. Allowance must be made for the effective dependence of the coupling constants upon spin and isospin states. The nucleons are distributed sources which give rise to nonsingular generalized Yukawa functions in N-N potentials.
Energy dependent changes in the cytochromes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain

Abstract In intact mitochondria a stoichiometric coupling exists between cytochrome a 3 and the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In each case the modification of one cytochrome a 3 (measured as a spectral change) is coupled to the hydrolysis of one ATP molecule. When both cytochromes a 3 and a are reduced the measured equilibrium constant is 0.06 m −1 but this constant is 10 3 M −1 when both cytochromes are oxidized. When the sixth ligand for cytochrome a 3 is an externally added ligand (HCN, H 2 S, CO, NO) the equilibrium constant is different for each ligand, suggesting that the ATP induced modification is of the fifth ligand but that it is energetically dependent on the chemical nature of the sixth ligand. The measured half-reduction potentials for cytochromes a 3 and b T are dependent on the concentrations of added ATP, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and orthophosphate. The relationship is consistent with a ligand exchange mechanism in which the ligand on the cytochrome is dependent on the phosphate potential ( ATP ADP × P i ). The equilibrium constants obtained by the ligand exchange treatment of the E m values for cytochrome a 3 are consistent with those obtained by direct measurement of the equilibrium constants for the spectrally measured changes.
Road recognition in poor quality environments for forward looking buried object detection

In this paper, we propose a reinforcement random forest algorithm as a novel approach to detect unpaved road regions at stand-off distances. A random forest classifier is used to differentiate between road and non-road pixels/patches without over fitting the training data. Utilizing a reinforcement technique, the algorithm can handle foreign objects that we encounter in real world driving. Furthermore, classifying road patches at different distances generates multiple levels of road agreement for each pixel within the image. Using different threshold values of this agreement level provides adaptability to the road finding results. The selection of low threshold values produces better detection rates but also increases false alarms. On the other hand, high threshold values lower the detection rate and decreases false detections. In our experiments, the proposed algorithm is tested on color video of unpaved road in an arid environment.
Microfabricated porous membrane structure for sample concentration and electrophoretic analysis.

A microfabricated injection valve incorporating a porous membrane structure is reported that enables electrokinetic concentration of DNA samples using homogeneous buffer conditions followed by injection into a channel for electrophoretic analysis. The porous membrane was incorporated in the microchannel manifold by having two channels separated from each other by 3−12 μm and connected by a thin porous silicate layer. This design allows the passage of current to establish an electrical connection between the separated channels but prevents large molecules, e.g., DNA, from traversing the membrane. Concentrated DNA can be injected into the separation channel and electrophoretically analyzed. Experiments exhibit a nonlinear increase in concentration with time, and DNA fragments can be concentrated up to 2 orders of magnitude as shown by comparison of peak intensities for analysis performed with and without concentration.
Mutant LRRK2R1441G BAC transgenic mice recapitulate cardinal features of Parkinson’s disease

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. We created a LRRK2 transgenic mouse model that recapitulates cardinal features of the disease: an age-dependent and levodopa-responsive slowness of movement associated with diminished dopamine release and axonal pathology of nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection. These mice provide a valid model of Parkinson's disease and are a resource for the investigation of pathogenesis and therapeutics.
Preliminary Remediation of Scattered Light in NEAR MSI Images

Abstract During a failed Eros orbit insertion maneuver on 20 December 1998, more than 28 kg of hydrazine were expended by attitude control jets on the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft. Deposition of burn products on the outer optic of the multispectral imager, or MSI, resulted in a wavelength-dependent degradation of the system point-spread function (PSF). The scattered light is progressively worse in the shortest and longest wavelength filters, especially at 450 and 1050 nm. The degraded PSF was characterized using numerous images of Canopus acquired subsequent to the anomaly. There is no evidence for temporal change in the PSF since the burn abort incident. A fast Fourier transform-based image restoration method using the optimal filter recovers most of the spatial resolution of the original images while preserving radiometric accuracy for the 550- to 1000-nm images. This procedure has enabled nearly unimpeded monochrome imaging of asteroid morphology and select 5-color measurements at a scale of ∼5 pixels.
Electron-microscopic investigation of the reaction of water vapor with single crystals of graphite—I. Reaction with edge atoms

Abstract An experimental investigation of the initial stages of the reaction of highly purified single crystals of graphite with water vapor in helium at high temperatures is described. Water vapor concentrations ranged from 250 vpm to 22,000 vpm and reaction temperatures ranged from 850°C to 1075°C. Rates of reaction were determined by measuring the rates of increase in diameters of etch pits produced from lattice vacancies in cleaved surfaces of the crystals; the etch pits were decorated with gold to make them visible in an electron microscope. This technique limited the temperature range over which the reaction could be studied at any given concentration, but, in general, an interval of more than one hundred degrees could be covered. The apparent activation energy of the reaction varied with water vapor concentration, increasing steadily from 68 kcal-mole −1 at 22,000 vpm to 109 kcal-mole −1 at 250 vpm. The apparent order of the reaction, with respect to water vapor concentration, was 0.89 at all temperatures studied and appeared to be concentration independent in the range 500 vpm to 22,000 vpm; however, there are indications that a higher order may prevail at lower concentration.
A new technique for the growth of epitaxial YBCO using spray pyrolysis

A new technique for the growth of epitaxial c-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7 using spray pyrolysis at atmospheric pressure is described. The technique consists of three steps: the deposition of an oxide precursor by spray pyrolysis of a nitrate solution, fluorination of the oxide precursor in an atmosphere containing a fluorinated gas, and finally, growth of YBa2Cu3O7 by the conventional ex situ process. The microstructure of both the oxide and fluorinated precursor is described along with data on the rate of fluorination. We have routinely achieved critical currents of 0.5 MA/cm 2 for
An Improved Elastic Contact Model Accounting for Asperity Interaction and Bulk Substrate Deformation

An improved rough surface contact model is proposed accounting for bulk substrate deformation and asperity interaction. The asperity contact stiffness is based on Hertzian solution for spherical contact, and the bulk substrate stiffness on the solution of Hertzian pressure on a circular region of the elastic half-space. The contact behavior of a single asperity composed of hemi-spherical asperity deformation as well as bulk substrate deformation is calculated by introducing the concept of spring-in-series. Based on the single asperity model, the contact stiffness for the rough surface is calculated including the effect of asperity interaction. Analytical simulation results using the proposed rough surface contact model were compared with the CEB model and experimental measurements.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
A lost Bermuda Governor: George Bruere's burial in context

AbstractIn 2008, excavations under the floorboards of St Peter's Church in St George's, Bermuda, unexpectedly uncovered the interment of George James Bruere, Governor of Bermuda from 1764 until his death in 1780. While no plaque or monument to his life survives in the church, this paper discusses the discovery of the Governor's remains, and builds a social and political context for the events leading up to his death. An examination of this particular interment follows, placing it within the context of burial practices at St Peter's Church and the Bermuda colony.
The Panopticon of the Public Protest: Technology and Surveillance

This paper deals with the issue of surveillance as it applies to recent technological advancements. Specifically, advancements in video capturing and social media have made public events into spectacles that are observed and shared online by the public. Public protest and discourse loosens itself from the bounds of state authority and enters the arena of the public. This phenomenon reconsiders Foucault’s conception of the panopticon. Foucault’s panopticon is useful as a tool for understanding the way power operates through surveillance in a state-to-public direction, but technological advancements have allowed for a reversal of this surveillance. With real examples like the pepper spraying of student protesters at UC Davis, the public now has surveillance over the state (in this example police officers) from its multitude of citizen perspectives that can be shared and disseminated online. This is an important development because it increases the autonomy and safe power of individuals who wish to speak out against excessive use of power by the state over the public. People can do so without fear of greater police suppression of real events. Issues with this development are discussed, like the chance for the state, or other sites of power (like corporations) to develop the copyrighting of public pace, making any event the property of power structures. This would be a problem, as it would lessen the autonomy of individuals in public
Pharmacokinetic studies of the recombinant juvenile hormone esterase in Manduca sexta

Abstract Catalytically active juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) was expressed at a high level by Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with recombinant Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus carrying the JHE gene cloned from the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens . JHE was partially purified from the culture medium by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography to a specific activity of 3000–5200 nmol juvenile hormone III metabolized per minute per milligram of protein after viral particles were inactivated by Triton X-100 following ultracentrifugation. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that catalytic activity was cleared with first-order kinetics after the purified enzyme was injected into larval hemolymph of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta and H. virescens . The half-life of JHE was approximately 1.2 hr in both species. Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the mechanism of clearance from M. sexta larvae. Persistence of catalytic activity in hemolymph in vitro and Western blot analysis suggested an uptake process of JHE by tissue(s), rather than degradation in the plasma. Injection of a high dose of JHE resulted in an increased half-life and showed that the clearance process was saturable. The clearance rate was decreased by coinjection of a high dose of JHE inactivated by an irreversible inhibitor, paraoxon. Coinjection of an equal amount of bovine serum albumin did not influence the clearance rate of JHE. These results suggest that a specific process is involved in JHE clearance from hemolymph. N-linked oligosaccharides of JHE apparently were not important in the clearance of JHE from hemolymph.
180 THE RELATIVE ROLE OF ANAEROBIC AND LOWERED METABOLISM IN NEONATAL ANOXIA TOLERANCE

The energy metabolism of newborn dogs subjected to anoxia was investigated by simultaneous direct and indirect calorimetry before, during and after anoxic episodes. In all 12 experiments the decrease in rectal temperature, heat loss, calculated heat production and post anoxic oxygen consumption provided incontrovertable evidence for a significant decrease in the rate of energy turnover during anoxia. With 9 or more minutes of anoxia at 29°C ambient temperature there was at least a 50% decrease in the rate of heat production. During longer anoxic intervals of 16 minutes at 20°C, heat production decreased to 80% of control values, and yet complete recovery occurred. The concept of an anoxic oxygen debt was extended to encompass situations with changing rates of heat production by defining an oxygen debt in terms of the difference between direct and indirect calorimetry. The oxygen debt incurred (anoxic heat production ranged from 250 to 770 cal/kg) and the oxygen debt paid back (excess of indirect calorimetry over direct calorimetry) during the recovery period agreed within 12% (r=0.7). Identical studies on newborn kittens, rabbits and rats confirmed that in neonatal anoxia a progressive decrease in the metabolic rate of more than 70% is compatible with survival.
Rivastigmine: An open-label observational study of behavioral symptoms identified as most troubling by caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease

BACKGROUND. Behavioral problems exhibited by persons with Alzheimer’s disease are distressing for caregivers and are associated with a number of negative outcomes, including increased risk of long-term care placement. Studies of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy for up to 1 year document modest improvements in behavioral symptoms and functional status.OBJECTIVE. The long-term effects of rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, on behavioral symptoms and functional status in a sample of patients with Alzheimer’s disease were examined.DESIGN. This is an observational study of behavioral data reported by care-givers for 32 initially mild to moderate Alzheimer’s patients participating in an open-label extension of a prospective, randomized study of rivastigmine as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.RESULTS. Patients followed in the open-label phase of this trial experienced a decline in behavioral symptoms in general and a decline in symptoms identified as most troubling by the caregiver.CONCLUSION. This stu...
Erratum to: The Old Book Switcheroo: Or Anatomy of a Delusion

Folksinger Mary Travers, of ‘‘Peter, Paul, and Mary’’ fame, died on Sept. 16, 2009, in a Danbury, Connecticut hospital after a long battle with leukemia. She was 72. In this article, Travers is mentioned in connection with her philo-Semitism and advocacy of Jewish causes as an ‘‘honorary Jew,’’ an example of someone who might be described by the French word, ‘‘juifatre.’’ The apostrophe to Travers should, of course, have referred to her as ‘‘the late’’ Mary Travers. The author and editor regret the error and express their hope that Ms. Travers may rest in well-deserved peace.
Mössbauer, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, and Theoretical Study of a High-Spin, Four-Coordinate Fe(II) Diketiminate Complex

The iron(II) complex LFeCl2Li(THF)2 (L = β-diketiminate), 1, has been studied with variable-temperature, variable-field Mossbauer spectroscopy and parallel mode electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in both solution and the solid state. In zero applied field the 4.2 K Mossbauer spectrum exhibits an isomer shift δ = 0.90 mm/s and quadrupole splitting ΔEQ = 2.4 mm/s, values that are typical for the high-spin (S = 2) state anticipated for the iron in 1. Spectra recorded in applied magnetic fields yield an anisotropic magnetic hyperfine tensor with Ax = +2.3 (+1.0) T, Ay = Az = −21.5 T (solution) and a nearly axial zero-field splitting of the spin quintet with D = Dx ≈ −14 cm−1 and rhombicity E/D ≈ 0.1. The small, positive value for Ax results from the presence of residual orbital angular momentum along x. The EPR analysis gives gx ≈ 2.4 (and gy ≈ gz ≈ 2.0) and reveals a split “MS = ± 2” ground doublet with a gap distributed around Δ = 0.42 cm−1. The Mossbauer spectra of 1 show unusual features t...
Artery and vein formation: a tug of war between different forces

How arterial and venous fates are established is largely unknown. In the past, circulatory dynamics were thought to be the exclusive cause of arteries and veins being structurally and functionally distinct; however, growing evidence indicates that an orderly progression of molecular signals controls arterial–venous specification in the developing vertebrate vascular system.
Comparison of gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods for the determination of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol in plasma

A method for the identification of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol by gas chromatography mass spectrometry has been developed, and this method has been compared with other techniques, such as detection via thin-layer chromatography using tritium labeled delta9-tetrahydrocannibinol and a dual gas chromatographic method. The gas chromatographic mass spectrometric method was found to be equal or superior to other techniques and has the added advantage of being highly specific for the compound analyzed. An alternate approach using chemical ionization is also described; however, this procedure does not show significant advantages over the electron impact method. These methods show a practical lower detection limit of 500 pg ml-1 of plasma in clinical practice.