cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Benefits of mitigation for future heat extremes under RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5

Using ensembles from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) under a high and a lower emission scenarios, we investigate changes in statistics of extreme daily temperature. The ensembles provide large samples for a robust application of extreme value theory. We estimate return values and return periods for annual maxima of the daily high and low temperatures as well as the 3-day averages of the same variables in current and future climate. Results indicate statistically significant increases (compared to the reference period of 1996–2005) in extreme temperatures over all land areas as early as 2025 under both scenarios, with statistically significant differences between them becoming pervasive over the globe by 2050. The substantially smaller changes, for all indices, produced under the lower emission case translate into sizeable benefits from emission mitigation: By 2075, in terms of reduced changes in 1-day heat extremes, about 95 % of land regions would see benefits of 1 °C or more under the lower emissions scenario, and 50 % or more of the land areas would benefit by at least 2 °C. 6 % of the land area would benefit by 3 °C or more in projected extreme minimum temperatures and 13 % would benefit by this amount for extreme maximum temperature. Benefits for 3-day metrics are similar. The future frequency of current extremes is also greatly reduced by mitigation: by the end of the century, under RCP8.5 more than half the land area experiences the current 20-year events every year while only between about 10 and 25 % of the area is affected by such severe changes under RCP4.5.
A Simple and Fast Way to Count Heterophils in Chemotaxis

Heterophils were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and then placed in a modified Boyden chamber to determine their response to chemoattractants. After incubation, the cells that had migrated into the membrane were examined under an epifluorescent microscope, and the image was captured by a charge-coupled digital camera and a frame grabber and saved. The saved images were then counted by NIH Image (a public domain software). These modifications greatly speed up the counting of cells and relieve the eyestrain suffered among workers in the chemotaxis field.
Investigation of public health emergencies in schools of Zhoukou City in Henan Province, 2004-2012

Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in school, and to provide evidence for developing prevention and control countermeasures. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used for analyzing schools of public health emergencies data coming from network direct report in Zhoukou city. Results From 2004 to 2012, 17 public health emergencies in school were reported, with 16 grade four events(94.12%), and with 1 grade threeevents(5.88%), the incidence rate was 14.27%. Public health emergencies in rural schools had higher frequency ratio than that in urban. The main event type was infectious diseases outbreak(88.23%). High incidence months were 3-6 month(70.59%), and high incidence sites were Township Primary School(88.23%). Conclusion Schools frequently occur public health emergences, and rural schools are the key parts to prevent public health countermeasure. A mechanism combined Health and education departments for prevention and control should be established, and pertinence countermeasures to prevent and control occurrence of school public health emergencies should be taken.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of acute aminophylline poisoning in 5 infants

Objective:To study The toxicokinetics of acute aminophylline poisoning in infants Method:4 Cases of young children and 1 case of newborn with acute aminophyliine poisoning were managed in our hospital Serum theophylline concentration was determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) Results:The toxicokinetic paraments of acute aminophylline poisoning t 1/2 were 18 0±2 1 and 44 5 hours for 4 cases of infants and 1 case of infant newborn respectively Conclusions:The results show that the t 1/2 of theophylline intoxication had an obvious increase in infants Symptomatic and supportive therapy,as in other medical emergencies,is the most important aspect of the treatment of acute theophylline poisoning [
Self-strengthening hybrid dental adhesive via visible-light irradiation triple polymerization

A self-strengthening methacrylate-based dental adhesive system was developed by introducing an epoxy cyclohexyl trimethoxysilane (TS) which contains both epoxy and methoxysilyl functional groups. The experimental formulation, HEMA/BisGMA/TS (22.5/27.5/50, wt%), was polymerized by visible-light. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate in situ the free radical polymerization of methacrylate, ring-opening cationic polymerization of epoxy, and photoacid-induced sol–gel reactions. Among the three simultaneous reactions, the reaction rate of the free radical polymerization was the highest and the hydrolysis/condensation rate was the lowest. With 40 s-irradiation, the degrees of conversion of the double bond and epoxy groups at 600 s were 73.2 ± 1.2%, 87.9 ± 2.4%, respectively. Hydrolysis of the methoxysilyl group was initially <5%, and increased gradually to about 50% after 48 h dark storage. Photoacids generated through the visible-light-induced reaction were effective in catalyzing both epoxy ring-opening polymerization and methoxysilyl sol–gel reaction. The mechanical properties of copolymers made with TS concentrations from 5 to 35 wt% were obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). In wet conditions, the storage moduli at 70 °C and glass transition temperature were significantly higher than that of the control (p < 0.05); these properties increased with TS concentration and storage time. The post reaction of hydrolysis/condensation of alkoxysilane could provide persistent strengthening whether in a neutral or acidic environment and these characteristics could lead to enhanced mechanical properties in the oral environment. The cumulative amount of leached species decreased significantly in the TS-containing copolymers. These results provide valuable information for the development of dental adhesives with reduced leaching of methacrylate monomers and enhanced mechanical properties under the wet, oral environment.
Personality and selfies: Narcissism and the Dark Triad

Abstract Selfies, or pictures taken of oneself and shared on social media, have become a worldwide phenomenon. In the present research, we examine the relationship between narcissism, both vulnerable and grandiose, and the frequency of and motivations behind selfie-taking. The Dark Triad of personality (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) and self-esteem were also measured. In Study 1, 348 adults on Amazon Mturk completed measures of personality, demographics, and several questions about selfie behavior online. In Study 2, 491 undergraduate students completed the same measures and a subset of these provided access to their Instagram and Iconosquare accounts, which were rated for narcissism by naive judges. Results from both studies indicate that grandiose narcissism is associated with taking and posting more selfies, experiencing more positive affect when taking selfies, and self-reported self-presentation motives. The Dark Triad traits resembled grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissism was associated with negative affect when taking selfies. Self-esteem was unrelated to selfie-taking.
Effect of benzene and ethylbenzene on the transcription of methyl-tert-butyl ether degradation genes of Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1.

Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and its degradation by-product, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), are widespread contaminants detected frequently in groundwater in California. Since MTBE was used as a fuel oxygenate for almost two decades, leaking underground fuel storage tanks are an important source of contamination. Gasoline components such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) are often present in mixtures with MTBE and TBA. Investigations of interactions between BTEX and MTBE degradation have not yielded consistent trends, and the molecular mechanisms of BTEX compounds’ impact on MTBE degradation are not well understood. We investigated trends in transcription of biodegradation genes in the MTBE-degrading bacterium, Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 upon exposure to MTBE, TBA, ethylbenzene and benzene as individual compounds or in mixtures. We designed real-time quantitative PCR assays to target functional genes of strain PM1 and provide evidence for induction of genes mdpA (MTBE monooxygenase), mdpJ (TBA hydroxylase) and bmoA (benzene monooxygenase) in response to MTBE, TBA and benzene, respectively. Delayed induction of mdpA and mdpJ transcription occurred with mixtures of benzene and MTBE or TBA, respectively. bmoA transcription was similar in the presence of MTBE or TBA with benzene as in their absence. Our results also indicate that ethylbenzene, previously proposed as an inhibitor of MTBE degradation in some bacteria, inhibits transcription of mdpA, mdpJ and bmoAgenes in strain PM1.
Science from Fisher Information: Fisher information in a vector world

Classical measurement of four-vectors In the preceding chapter, we found that the accuracy in an estimate of a single parameter θ is determined by an information I that has some useful physical properties. It provides new definitions of disorder, time, and temperature, and a variational approach to finding a single-component PDF law p ( x ) of a single variable x . However, many physical phenomena are describable only by multiple- component PDFs, as in quantum mechanics, and for vector variables x , since worldviews are usually four-dimensional (as required by covariance). Our aim in this chapter, then, is to form a new, scalar information I that is appropriate to this multi-component, vector scenario . The information should be intrinsic to the phenomenon under measurement and not depend, e.g., upon exterior effects such as the noise of the measuring device. The “intrinsic” measurement scenario In Bayesian statistics, a prior scenario is often used to define an otherwise unknown prior probability law; see, e.g., Good (1976), Jaynes (1985), or Frieden (2001). This is a model scenario that permits the prior probability law to be computed on the basis of some ideal conditions, such as independence of data, and/or ‘maximum ignorance’ (see below), etc. We will use the concept of the prior scenario to define our unknown information expression. For this purpose we proceed to analyze a particular prior scenario. This is an ideal, 4 N -dimensional measurement scenario – the vector counterpart of the scalar parameter problem of Sec. 1.2.1.
Depression and Anxiety in Women with Heart Disease

Depression and anxiety are extremely common conditions but are even more common in persons living with cardiovascular disease. Both conditions occur more frequently in women living with cardiovascular disease compared with men. Studies have demonstrated a link between coronary artery disease and depression, with an increased prevalence of depression in younger women living with CVD. Depression and anxiety are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease and are associated with worse outcomes in those living with cardiovascular disease, particularly women. The purpose of this paper is to review the sex-based epidemiology of depression and anxiety in CVD and their possible mechanisms of impacting CVD risk factors and CVD outcomes in women with CVD.
CONFIRM – Clustering of noisy form images using robust matching

Abstract Identifying the type of a scanned form image greatly facilitates automated processing, including field segmentation and field recognition. Contrary to most prior work, we focus on unsupervised type identification, where the possible form types for a given collection are not known apriori. Our target domain is noisy collections of form images that contain structurally similar, yet objectively different, form types, which are challenging to differentiate in an unsupervised setting. This work presents a novel algorithm: CONFIRM (Clustering Of Noisy Form Images using Robust Matching), which simultaneously discovers the set of form types in a collection and assigns a type to each form. CONFIRM matches type-set text and rule lines between forms to create collection-specific features, which we show outperform the Bag of Visual Word (BoVW) approach employed by the current state-of-the-art in form image clustering. CONFIRM scales well to large document collections with a bootstrap clustering process, in which only a small subset of the data is clustered directly, and the rest of the data is assigned to clusters in linear time. We show that CONFIRM reduces cluster impurity on average by 44% compared to the state-of-the art on 5 collections of historical forms that contain structurally similar form types.
Nature, Purpose, and Norm: A Program in American Philosophy

For over a century there has been a protracted effort in American philosophy to use Darwinian explanatory resources in order to make certain leading ideas in German idealism naturalistically intelligible. I trace some of the nineteenth and twentieth century contours of this effort. In doing so I outline an understanding of ourselves as norm-laden persons in a natural world. As a consequence, philosophical inquiry—understood in C. S. Peirce's sense as the practice of the ‘normative sciences’ of aesthetics, logic, and ethics—can be understood as the self-conscious and rational exercise of natural and socially conditioned capacities to sense, think, and act. This leaves us with a project, by no means completed, to frame categories through which to understand the sociohistorical development of the notions of beauty, truth, and goodness as a process continuous with the natural evolution of the nervous system in its sensory, central, and motor moments.
Intense air-sea exchanges and heavy orographic precipitation over Italy: The role of Adriatic sea surface temperature uncertainty

Abstract Strong and persistent low-level winds blowing over the Adriatic basin are often associated with intense precipitation events over Italy. Typically, in case of moist southeasterly wind (Sirocco), rainfall affects northeastern Italy and the Alpine chain, while with cold northeasterly currents (Bora) precipitations are localized along the eastern slopes of the Apennines and central Italy coastal areas. These events are favoured by intense air-sea interactions and it is reasonable to hypothesize that the Adriatic sea surface temperature (SST) can affect the amount and location of precipitation. High-resolution simulations of different Bora and Sirocco events leading to severe precipitation are performed using a convection-permitting model (MOLOCH). Sensitivity experiments varying the SST initialization field are performed with the aim of evaluating the impact of SST uncertainty on precipitation forecasts, which is a relevant topic for operational weather predictions, especially at local scales. Moreover, diagnostic tools to compute water vapour fluxes across the Italian coast and atmospheric water budget over the Adriatic Sea have been developed and applied in order to characterize the air mass that feeds the precipitating systems. Finally, the investigation of the processes through which the SST influences location and intensity of heavy precipitation allows to gain a better understanding on mechanisms conducive to severe weather in the Mediterranean area and in the Adriatic basin in particular. Results show that the effect of the Adriatic SST (uncertainty) on precipitation is complex and can vary considerably among different events. For both Bora and Sirocco events, SST does not influence markedly the atmospheric water budget or the degree of moistening of air that flows over the Adriatic Sea. SST mainly affects the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer, thus influencing the flow dynamics and the orographic flow regime, and in turn, the precipitation pattern.
Mussel-inspired PLGA/polydopamine core-shell nanoparticle for light induced cancer thermochemotherapy.

Most photothermal converting systems are not biodegradable, which bring the uneasiness when they are administered into human body due to the uncertainty of their fate. Hereby, we developed a mussel-inspired PLGA/polydopamine core-shell nanoparticle for cancer photothermal and chemotherapy. With the help of an anti-EGFR antibody, the nanoparticle could effectively enter head and neck cancer cells and convert near-infrared light to heat to trigger drug release from PLGA core for chemotherapy as well as ablate tumors by the elevated temperature. Due to the unique nanoparticle concentration dependent peak working-temperature nature, an overheating or overburn situation can be easily prevented. Since the nanoparticle was retained in the tumor tissue and subsequently released its payload inside the cancer cells, no any doxorubicin-associated side effects were detected. Thus, the developed mussel-inspired PLGA/polydopamine core-shell nanoparticle could be a safe and effective tool for the treatment of head and neck cancer.
Multiphoton Excitation by Adiabatic Following

We present an explicit solution to the problem of multilevel atomic excitation by adiabatic rapid passages.1,2
A Pilot Study Examining Factors Influencing Readiness to Progress to Indirect Supervision Among First Year Residents in a General Psychiatry Training Program.

In the first year of training, psychiatry residents progress from direct supervision to indirect supervision but factors predicting time to transition between these levels of supervision are unknown. This study aimed to examine times for transition to indirect levels of supervision and to identify resident factors associated with slower progression. The authors compiled data from training files from years 2011–2015, including licensing exam scores, age, gender, medical school, month of first inpatient psychiatry rotation, and transition times between levels of supervision. Correlational analysis examined the relationship between these factors. Univariate analysis further examined the relationship between medical school training and transition times between supervision levels. Among the factors studied, only international medical school training was positively correlated with time to transition to indirect supervision and between levels of indirect supervision. International medical graduate (IMG) interns in psychiatry training may benefit from additional training and support to reach competencies required for the transition to indirect supervision.
The Nature of Tyson’s Harms

This chapter explores and discusses some noteworthy cases of harm perpetrated by Tyson. Cases include multiple incidents of animal harm recorded via undercover video at Tyson processing plants and contracted farms as well as multiple documented environmental harms that resulted in legal action against Tyson.
Color Versus Form: Which Matters More in Children's Preferences of Package Design?

This research investigates the effects of age and gender on children's color-form preference of package design. With two datasets from China and the U.S., we also explore cultural differences. Two ...
Do we really need robust and alternative inference methods for brain MRI

Voxel-wise statistical inference lies at the heart of quantitative multi-modal brain imaging. The general linear model with its fixed and mixed effects formulations has been the workhorse of empirical neuroscience for both structural and functional brain assessment. Yet, the validity of estimated p-values hinges upon assumptions of Gaussian distributed errors. Inference approaches based on relaxed distributional assumptions (e.g., non-parametric, robust) have been available in the statistical community for decades. Recently, there has been renewed interest in applying these methods in medical imaging. Despite theoretically attractive behavior, relaxing Gaussian assumptions comes at the practical cost of reduced power (when Gaussian assumptions are met), increased computational complexity, and limited community support. We discuss the challenges of applying robust and alternative statistical methods to medical imaging inference, characterize the conditions under which such approaches are necessary, and present a new quantitative framework to empirically justify selection of inference methods.
Participation in School-Based Extracurricular Activities and Adolescent Adjustment

This paper examines the association between participation in school-based extracurricular activities (ECAs) and adolescent adjustment (drinking, marijuana use, grades, academic attitudes and academ...
Packaging Computer Circuitry for Space Applications—A Two-Part Compendium

As electronic components become smaller and smaller, the mechanical design engineer must devise packaging techniques to assure optimum use of these components. The first paper in this compendium describes precisely how the packaging of digital circuitry for a command storage programmer unit was accomplished. The second paper describes a computer program developed at G.E. to assure an optimum package for this or any similar digital unit. The final product of this combined effort has been a reliable command unit with the impressive circuit density of approximately 1100 transistors, 5000 diodes, 2500 resistors, and 200 capacitors, packaged in 32 separate modules in a total volume of 155 in.3
MULTIMORBIDITY TIME TRENDS AMONG OLDER U.S. ADULTS.

AbstractIn this study we applied an original method of identifying diseases with high impact on mortality in older U.S. adults over the 1998–2013 period to compile a list of acute and chronic age-related diseases. We analyzed time trends in prevalence and mortality hazard ratios for 48 selected diseases in order to identify both epidemiological changes as well as possible trade-offs in the all-cause mortality risk posed by these diseases over time. We found that the beneficial downward trends in the risk of several high-impact diseases (e.g. myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and several solid cancers) is accompanied by increases in prevalence of other conditions many of which, while receiving little attention by the Public Health community, pose significant risk to life (e.g. electrolytes and liquid disbalance, anemia, weight deficiency, septicemia, and chronic kidney disease) and have adverse synergies with co-existing conditions. Since death HRs decrease for diseases with increasing prevalence, these trends could be explained, in part, by improved ascertainment. We conclude that although individuals who reach age 65 in 2013 can expect to live longer than their counterparts from earlier birth-cohorts, this increase in longevity is accompanied by higher levels of multimorbidity and an increased role of diseases previously overshadowed by the effects of high-impact cardiovascular conditions. The expected continuation of this trend past 2013 requires increased attention to the role of interactions between co-existing diseases, their treatment (including potential adverse effects of polypharmacy and other treatment-treatment interactions) and the optimization of prevention strategies for older U.S. adults.
Erdős magic

The Probabilistic Method ([AS]) is a lasting legacy of the late Paul Erdős. We give two examples – both problems first formulated by Erdős in the 1960s with new results in the last decade and both with substantial open questions. Further in both examples we take a Computer Science vantagepoint, creating a probabilistic algorithm to create the object (coloring, packing, respectively) and showing that with positive probability the created object has the desired properties. Given m sets each of size n (with an arbitrary intersection pattern) we want to color the underlying vertices Red and Blue so that no set is monochromatic. Erdős showed this may always be done if m< 2n−1 (proof: color randomly!). We give an argument of Srinivasan and Radhakrishnan ([RS]) that extends this to $m<c2^n\sqrt{n/\ln n}$. One first colors randomly and then recolors the blemishes with a clever random sequential algorithm. In a universe of size N we have a family of sets, each of size k, such that each vertex is in D sets and any two vertices have only o(D) common sets. Asymptotics are for fixed k with N,D→∞. We want an asymptotic packing, a subfamily of ~ N/k disjoint sets. Erdős and Hanani conjectured such a packing exists (in an important special case of asymptotic designs) and this conjecture was shown by Rodl. We give a simple proof of the author ([S]) that analyzes the random greedy algorithm. Paul Erdős was a unique figure, an inspirational figure to countless mathematicians, including the author. Why did his view of mathematics resonate so powerfully? What was it that drew so many of us into his circle? Why do we love to tell Erdős stories? What was the magic of the man we all knew as Uncle Paul?
Student perceptions of information literacy skills and curriculum before and after completing a research assignment

Abstract Library instruction often involves one-shot sessions where librarians interact with students for a short period of time and are then left wondering what the students thought of the session and if students perceive the session as helpful for their course work. Using two surveys to gather data, this study compared student perceptions of a redesigned library curriculum and of their own information literacy skills immediately after attending a library workshop and six weeks later after completing a research paper. The findings indicate that the library workshop is meeting student needs and has a lasting effect. Additionally, the researchers found that students were better able to articulate gaps in their own knowledge after having the opportunity to apply their skills to a research assignment. The researchers recommend that librarians using surveys to inform one-shot curricular changes gather data after students have applied the skills and knowledge gained in the instruction session.
Automating the audience commodity: The unacknowledged ancestry of programmatic advertising:

Programmatic advertising describes techniques for automating and optimizing transactions in the audience marketplace. Facilitating real-time bidding for audience impressions and personalized target...
At the Intersection of Ethnicity/Race and Poverty: Knee Pain and Physical Function

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities. Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) report a higher prevalence and severity of knee OA symptoms than their non-Hispanic White (NHW) counterparts. The role of poverty in explaining this disparity remains unclear. The overall aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether ethnic/racial differences in knee pain and physical function varied according to poverty status. NHB and NHW adults with or at risk of knee OA self-reported sociodemographic information, and completed the Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Annual income was adjusted for number of household occupants to determine poverty status (i.e., living above versus below poverty line). Findings revealed 120 individuals living above the poverty line (49% NHB, 77% NHW) and 71 individuals living below the poverty line (51% NHB, 23% NHW). Adjusted multivariable models revealed significant ethnic/race by poverty status interactions for knee pain (p = 0.036) and physical function (p = 0.032) on the WOMAC, as well as physical function on the SPPB (p = 0.042). Post hoc contrasts generally revealed that NHW adults living above the poverty line experienced the least severe knee pain and best physical function, while NHB adults living below the poverty line experienced the most severe knee pain and poorest physical function. Results of the present study add to the literature by emphasizing the importance of considering poverty and/or other indicators of socioeconomic status in studies examining ethnic/racial disparities in pain and physical function.
The duality of option-listing in cancer care.

Abstract Objective Listing more than one option for treatment, termed “option-listing” (OL) is one way to facilitate shared decision-making. We seek to evaluate how oncologists do option-listing in clinical encounters across disease contexts. Method We coded and transcribed 90 video-recorded interactions between 5 oncologist participants and a convenience sample of 82 patients at 2 large clinics in the western U.S. We used conversation analytic (CA) methods to examine patterns of behavior when oncologists provided more than one treatment option to patients. Results In early-stage disease, OL provides patients with options while at the same time constraining those options through expression of physician bias. This effect disappears when cancer is at an advanced stage. In this context, OL is presented without physician preference and demonstrates recission of medical authority. Conclusion In early-stage contexts, OL functions as a way for physicians to array available options to patients while also communicating their expertise. In advanced-stage contexts, OL functions as a way to minimize treatment options and highlight dwindling possibilities. Practice implications OL is one way to implement shared decision-making, but it can also be used to facilitate a realization that treatment choices are diminishing and disease is progressing beyond a cure.
Is Equity on Their Mind? Documenting Teachers’ Education Equity Mindset

An education equity mindset is fundamental to assuring all students are supported to achieve to their highest capacity. We have identified six attributes of an educational equity mindset critical to assuring teachers’ practices and professional choices are aligned with meeting the needs of all students. In an effort to promote education equity mindset among teachers we determined there was a need to first empirically document the construct. We surveyed 452 teachers in the southern region of the United States. Our results indicate that we effectively measured our definition of education equity mindset. We found multiple differences in the mindset attributes based on personal and professional variables. Our data indicate that teachers may hold competing or fragmented mindsets. Our research uncovered multiple needed lines of research and implications for teacher preparation and professional development.
Comparing youth and caregiver experiences in a school-based system of care

Families’ positive health service-related views and experiences are associated with improvements in physical and psychological well-being. Research has elucidated key differences in the experiences...
HIBERNATING MYOCARDIUM AS A CAUSE OF RECURRENT VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA - UTILITY OF FDG-PET IMAGING

Viability imaging with FDG-PET has the unique ability to differentiate between scar and hibernating myocardium and is typically used to guide revascularization strategies. We present a case of refractory ventricular tachycardia (VT) where FDG-PET viability imaging successfully guided management. 61
Abstract P3-10-16: Identification of molecules that enhance the efficacy of eribulin in TNBC and IBC cell lines

BACKGROUND: Eribulin mesylate, a non-taxane microtubule-dynamics inhibitor, is an effective chemotherapy drug for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have previously received at least two chemotherapeutic regimens. We are seeking to enhance the anti-tumor activity of eribulin in metastatic breast cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to identify kinase targets that markedly enhance the efficacy of eribulin using high-throughput nonbiased synthetic lethal RNA interference (RNAi) screening and to validate these targets in combination with eribulin using triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cell lines which are heterogeneous diseases and characterized by their high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. METHODS: High-throughput RNAi screening (709-human-kinome library) was performed to identify target kinases. The Bliss scoring method was used to identify potential targets from the screening (using a Bliss score cut-off of 0.15), and protein-protein interactome analysis (STRING V.11) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were used to identify therapeutic target pathways. To validate the in vitro efficacy of selected targets, we performed CellTiter-Blue or sulforhodamine B cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony-formation assays in 18 TNBC and 6 IBC cell lines treated with eribulin with or without inhibitors of the discovered targets. RESULTS: In vitro proliferation data demonstrated that single-agent eribulin had a nanomolar range of half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (0.2 - 4.0 nM) in most of the tested cell lines. RNAi screening identified 130 relevant kinase targets. IPA and STRING analysis revealed PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, JNK, and PAK1 as major canonical pathways that could be targeted to enhance the cytotoxic effect of eribulin. In in vitro cell line validation, PAK1 inhibitor NVS-PAK1-1 and mTOR inhibitor everolimus showed strong combinational anti-tumor effect (combination index values = 0.1 - 0.9), and JNK inhibitor JNK-In-8 showed moderate combinational anti-tumor effect (combination index values = 0.5 - 0.9) in combination with eribulin. Inhibitors of PI3K (copanlisib) and MEK (trametinib) showed combinational anti-tumor effect in some cell lines. CONCLUSION: We identified that PAK1, mTOR, and JNK inhibitors enhanced the anti-proliferation effects of eribulin in TNBC and IBC cell lines. Our data inform new treatment strategies with eribulin for TNBC and IBC that could lead to clinical trials of innovative combination therapy based on eribulin. Citation Format: Jangsoon Lee, Jon A Fuson, Huey Liu, Troy Pearson, Debu Tripathy, Bora Lim, Naoto T Ueno. Identification of molecules that enhance the efficacy of eribulin in TNBC and IBC cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-16.
A neuronal ensemble encoding adaptive choice during sensory conflict

Abstract Feeding decisions are fundamental to survival, and decision making is often disrupted in disease1,2, yet the neuronal and molecular mechanisms of adaptive decision making are not well understood. Here we show that the neural activity in a small population of neurons projecting to the fan-shaped body in the central brain of Drosophila represents food choice during sensory conflict. We found that hungry flies made tradeoffs between appetitive and aversive values of food in a decision making task to choose unpalatable bittersweet food with high sucrose concentration over sucrose-only food with less sucrose. Using cell-specific optogenetics and receptor RNAi knockdown during the decision task, we identified an upstream neuropeptidergic and dopaminergic network that likely relays internal state and other decision relevant information, like valence and previous experience, to the fan-shaped body. Importantly, calcium imaging revealed that these fan-shaped body neurons were strongly inhibited by rejected food choice, suggesting that this neural activity is a representation of behavioral choice. FB response to food choice is modulated by taste, previous experience, and hunger state, which the fan-shaped body neurons likely integrate to encode choice before relaying decision information to downstream motor circuits for behavioral implementation. Our results uncover a neural substrate for choice encoding in a genetically tractable model to enable mechanistic dissection of decision making at neuronal, cellular, and molecular levels.
Development and deployment of a biomaterial tracking and management (BTMTM) software system into anatomic pathology practice to support tissueprocurement and research activities

5226 The direction of research in genomic and proteomic medicine highlights the value of institutionally based biospecimens and data repositories and the unique roles of pathology and informatics for their development, integration and management. To facilitate researchers’ access to an institutionally based biospecimen facility, we developed a real-time, web-based tracking and management software system with inquiry functionality. This application enables pathology personnel to rapidly accession and track tissue samples as well as supports real-time, HIPAA compliant queries from researchers looking for samples. The system is currently deployed on a Dell PowerEdge server running Windows 2000 Server operating system. Internet services are provided through Microsoft Internet Information Server. The BTM™ is capable of working with any relational database management system. Our implementation uses MS-SQL. Application coding was managed with a variety of tools but ultimately generates JavaScript and Microsoft active server pages (ASP). Windows OS Client workstations require only Microsoft Internet Explorer as well as bar code printer and scanner drivers. The design, development, and implementation have occurred in 3 discrete phases: pilot systems development; operational systems deployment and integration; and enterprise and interfacing. Currently, we have completed pilot testing of most system components. The second phase of the project is now under way, with integration of the software into the clinical workflow allowing specimens to be added to the repository as they are received. Steps include installation of workstations in the surgical pathology gross dissection areas. Implementation of the BTM™ is occurring in conjunction with implementation of an AP-LIS that will utilize the same workstation hardware. The Enterprise Interface phase of the project focuses on interfaces between the BTM™, and the AP-LIS, eliminating effort and error due to duplicate entry of data at sample accession. This final step will require a highly coordinated, team approach on the part of Pathology Informatics, Henry Ford Health System information technology and our commercial partners. Completion of this project over the next two years will link our clinical information systems to the BTM™ allowing for an efficient and reliable system for tracking and managing tissue specimens. Simultaneously, tightly securing data, patient confidentiality and support researchers needs to mine tissue banks for appropriate sample selection.
A Genetics-First Approach to Dissecting the Heterogeneity of Autism: Phenotypic Comparison of Autism Risk Copy Number Variants.

Objective: Certain copy number variants (CNVs) greatly increase the risk of autism. The authors conducted a genetics-first study to investigate whether heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of autism is underpinned by specific genotype-phenotype relationships. Methods: This international study included 547 individuals (mean age, 12.3 years [SD=4.2], 54% male) who were ascertained on the basis of having a genetic diagnosis of a rare CNV associated with high risk of autism (82 16p11.2 deletion carriers, 50 16p11.2 duplication carriers, 370 22q11.2 deletion carriers, and 45 22q11.2 duplication carriers), as well as 2,027 individuals (mean age, 9.1 years [SD=4.9], 86% male) with autism of heterogeneous etiology. Assessments included the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and IQ testing. Results: The four genetic variant groups differed in autism symptom severity, autism subdomain profile, and IQ profile. However, substantial variability was observed in phenotypic outcome in individual genetic variant groups (74%-97% of the variance, depending on the trait), whereas variability between groups was low (1%-21%, depending on the trait). CNV carriers who met autism criteria were compared with individuals with heterogeneous autism, and a range of profile differences were identified. When clinical cutoff scores were applied, 54% of individuals with one of the four CNVs who did not meet full autism diagnostic criteria had elevated levels of autistic traits. Conclusions: Many CNV carriers do not meet full diagnostic criteria for autism but nevertheless meet clinical cutoffs for autistic traits. Although profile differences between variants were observed, there is considerable variability in clinical symptoms in the same variant.
Empirical Assessment of Backward Erosion Piping via Blanket Thickness, Lower Mississippi Valley

AbstractBackward erosion piping (BEP) is a common hazard along artificial levees in the Lower Mississippi Valley (LMV). This study applies an empirical assessment of overbank deposit thickness, als...
Best Friends Come in All Breeds: The Role of Pets in Suicidality

Pets are often regarded as family members in US households, but are rarely examined as a source of support for individuals who are suicidal. As suicide rates increase, all potential protective fact...
Performance of Single Board Computers for Vision Processing

With the increasing complexity of machine vision algorithms and growing applications of image processing, how do computers without a dedicated graphics processor perform? This research discusses the computational abilities of two low-cost single board computers (SBCs) by subjecting them to various Visual Inertial Odometry (VIO) algorithms. The end goal of this research is to identify a SBC which meets the requirements of being employed on an Unmanned Aerial System for autonomous navigation.
Estimation of lesion depth on molecular breast imaging using conjugate views - is it accurate enough to guide biopsy?

3002 Objectives: A proposed biopsy system for molecular breast imaging (MBI) relies on accurate determination of lesion depth, relative to the imaging detector. Our goal was to determine the accuracy to which lesion depth can be estimated in MBI using the relative lesion uptake from conjugate views acquired on a dual-head dedicated gamma camera. Methods: Analysis of clinical MBI studies in over 1000 patients showed an average breast thickness of 6.3 cm, and range 4.5-8.5 cm (10th-90th percentile). To match this, breast phantoms were constructed with thicknesses of 4.2, 6.7 and 9.2 cm. Each phantom contained spherical lesions of 9.8, 12.4 and 15.4 mm diameter filled with Tc-99m; no background activity was used in this initial test. Lesion depth was varied in 5 mm increments throughout the phantom thickness. Images were acquired using a 110-154 keV energy window to match that used in clinical practice. To examine the impact of region of interest (ROI) size on depth estimates, eight regions of interest (ROI)s were drawn over each lesion, with ROI diameter ranging from 1 to 4.5 times the true lesion diameter. Lesion depth was calculated using the ROI counts from conjugate views, using known breast thickness D, attenuation coefficient of μ=0.155 cm-1, and correcting for differences in detector head sensitivity S, and using . the following equation: Lesion depth = [μ[asterisk]D - Loge(Lower Detector Cts [asterisk]S / Upper Detector Cts)] / [2 [asterisk] μ] To establish the optimum ROI size to use in depth estimation, profile analysis was performed to estimate lesion full-width half-maximum (FWHM); lesion depth was plotted as a function of the ratio of ROI diameter to lesion FWHM (ROI/FWHM). By comparing to known tumor depths in phantom simulations, the error in estimated depth was determined. Results: Estimation of lesion depth was highly dependent on ROI size, breast thickness, and to a lesser degree on lesion size. Analysis of the 6.7 cm phantom showed that the optimum ROI/FWHM that would minimize error in estimated lesion depth ranged was on average 2.5 (s.d.=0.4, range 2.1-3.2). Thus, a fixed value of 2.5 for the ROI/FWHM was applied to all image sets. Table 1 shows the average absolute error in depth estimation using this ratio. Conclusions: In phantom simulations, lesion depth in MBI was calculated with average error < 4 mm at all depths over the typical range of breast thicknesses. With a vacuum-assisted biopsy system with aperture of 20 mm, this error should ensure accurate targeting for biopsy. Future work is needed to validate this methodology in tumors smaller than 10 mm and with various levels of background uptake in the breast.
Scoring the Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) in Two Conditions: A Reliability Study

A widely applied metric for identifying airway invasion events is the Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS). PAS scores are often included as primary outcome measures in clinical interventional studies, applied to characterize airway protection in a particular disease, used to establish a normal referent for control group comparisons without dysphagia, and as determinants or predictors of clinical outcomes. Despite the widespread use of the PAS, there is variability in scoring condition. One common method used in research studies includes rater scores applied to each single swallow that occurred during a modified barium swallow study (MBSS) of the same patient. A second common method includes raters scoring single swallow segments that have been spliced from full MBSS from different patients. These single swallow segments are then randomly distributed and the rater is blinded to all swallows that occurred during that patient MBSS. The potential effects of different scoring conditions on rater reliability and score accuracy have not been studied and may have high relevance for the conclusion drawn from the result. The primary aim of this investigation is to determine the impact of two scoring conditions on rater reliability and score accuracy: 1. Contextual, unblinded scoring condition and 2. Randomized, blinded condition. Results of the present study show that no statistically significant differences in PAS rater reliability and score accuracy were found between the two scoring conditions. If findings from this pilot study are reproduced in larger sample sizes, the time and intensity involved in splicing and randomizing MBSS for scoring may not be necessary.
Math in the Echo Lab

Several calculations are utilized in echocardiography to help assess hemodynamic status. Many of these calculations can be carried out at various locations in the heart such that different volumes and pressures can be estimated. In order to understand the clinical significance of the obtained parameters, all available information needs to be taken into consideration. Understanding possible shortcomings of the techniques, impact of technical limitations, and the effects of various cardiovascular pathologies on these parameters is paramount for proper interpretation of the obtained data. The basic parameters and principles that are utilized when assessing hemodynamics by echocardiography include: volume calculations, resistance calculation, Continuity principle, PISA method, and volumetric calculations.
Effects of the Degree of Fuel Atomization on Single-Cylinder Engine Performance

An investigation has been made to determine the effects of the degree of fuel atomization on exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, lean limit, MBT spark timing, and cyclic variations in peak cylinder pressure. A single-cylinder engine was used to isolate the effects of atomization on combustion from the additional effects of maldistribution that would be present in a multicylinder engine. Results from this investigation show that the degree of atomization can have considerable effect on exhaust emissions, but little effect on fuel consumption. /GMRL/
μ-Oxalato-bis­[bis­(triphenyl­phosphine)copper(I)] dichloro­methane disolvate

The dinuclear molecule of the title compound, [Cu2(C2O4)(C18H15P)4]·2CH2Cl2, lies across an inversion center with a strictly planar bridging oxalate ligand coordinating two CuI ions via two pairs of O atoms. Two triphenyl­phosphine ligands also coordinate each symmetry-related CuI ion, resulting in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry [O—Cu—O = 80.57 (5)° and P—Cu—P = 125.72 (2)°]. In the crystal, there are two dichloro­methane solvent mol­ecules for each dinuclear complex.