cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SP0030 Pediatric neuropsychiatric lupus

Neuropsychiatric involvement is one of the most common features of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) occurring in 20 to 95% of patients. The large variation in frequency of neuropsychiatric manifestations reported in cSLE is the result of differing case definitions and the methods used for evaluation. The majority of patients with neuropsychiatric involvement have the initial signs and symptoms early in the course of the disease and approximately 25% develop initial neuropsychiatric manifestations more than 2 years after disease onset. There have been few comprehensive studies evaluating neuropsychiatric disease in cSLE. In general, central nervous system involvement appears to be more severe in children than in adults and cSLE is associated with higher accrual of permanent organ damage. The most common neuropsychiatric manifestation in cSLE is headache occurring in approximately 50% of patients. Neurocognitive deficits in cSLE ranges from concentration difficulties, a decrease in school performance to frank confusion and coma. Since there are no validated clinical or research neuropsychological testing for children, it is particularly difficult to determine subtle neurocognitive impairment in cSLE. Cerebrovascular disease occurs in up to 30% of patients with neuropsychiatric involvement and is usually associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Antiphospholipid antibodies have been associated also with other neuropsychiatric manifestations, in particular movement disorders (chorea), seizures, psychosis and transverse myelopathy. These latter manifestations are likely the result of a nonthrombotic, immune-mediated mechanism rather than thrombosis. Involvement of peripheral nervous system has been infrequently described in cSLE, mainly as isolated case reports only. The diagnosis of neuropsychiatric involvement in cSLE is often difficult, as both focal and diffuse manifestations may occur and there is no gold standard for diagnosis. A high index of clinical suspicion, in addition to laboratory and neuroimaging findings may support the diagnosis. It is important to exclude other causes such as infection, hypertension or metabolic abnormalities associated with neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms. The management of patients with neuropsychiatric cSLE requires interdisciplinary approach and includes symptomatic and immunosuppressive medications. In patients with severe neuropsychiatric involvement a combination therapy with high-dose steroids and cyclophosphamide is usually required. Psychotropic medications and supportive non-pharmacological approaches are frequently required in patients with psychiatric disorders and cognitive dysfunction. In the future, it is expected that novel biomarkers and advanced neuroimaging modalities will provide better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of neuropsychiatric involvement in cSLE and help guide therapeutic decisions. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Abstract 3135: Notch 1 and notch 4 biomarker expression in triple-negative invasive breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a high-grade tumor showing lack of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2/neu). Unlike hormone receptor and HER-2/neu positive breast carcinomas, there is no targeted therapy for TNBC. The objective of this study is to investigate Notch 1 and Notch 4 biomarker expression in TNBC and to correlate the expression with known prognostic factors. DESIGN: We performed a retrospective chart review of 29 TNBC during 1998-2007. Data collected included age at diagnosis, histological type and grade, Ki67 proliferation rate, and patient survival status. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from each TNBC was selected. Notch 1 and Notch 4 expression were analyzed by immunohistochemical method (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc, USA). The intensity of staining for Notch 1 and 4 expressions and the sub-cellular localization of these receptors (cytoplasmic or nuclear) in tumor epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells were noted. Only strong cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining was documented as positive for Notch expression. Student9s t test and chi-square test were applied for data analysis. RESULTS: Age of the patients ranged from 37 to 83 years (mean 57.7). Twenty-seven tumors were infiltrating ductal carcinomas (93.1%) and 2 were infiltrating papillary carcinomas (6.9%). Twenty-one cases were grade 3 (72.4%), 7 were grade 2 (24.2%) and one was grade 1 (3.4%). Unfavorable Ki67 proliferation rate (>20%) was seen in 26 (90%), borderline rate (10-20%) in 2 (6.9%) and favorable rate ( CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that (1) majority of triple-negative invasive breast cancers are morphologically high grade infiltrating ductal carcinomas with high Ki 67 proliferation rate, (2) both Notch 1 and Notch 4 receptors are over-expressed in tumor cells and in vascular endothelial cells in majority of this molecular subset of breast carcinoma, and (3) this subtype is associated with high overall survival rate with the currently available treatment. Targeting Notch signaling with gamma secretase inhibitors needs to be explored to further improve the survival rate of TNBC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3135. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3135
Simulations of three-dimensional detonations by the CE/SE method using a very low-cost Beowulf cluster

1 Ph.D. Student, AIAA Student Member, Email: haohe@me1.eng.wayne.edu 2 Senior Research Associate, AIAA Member, zczhang@me1.eng.wayne.edu Associate Professor, AIAA Member, Email: styu@eng.wayne.edu ; http://141.217.13.61/ 4 Senior Scientist, AIAA Member, Email: Sin-Chung.Chang@grc.nasa.gov ABSTRACT In this paper, we report the experience of calculating three-dimensional detonations by the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element (CE/SE) Method using a cost-effective Beowulf cluster. The Time-Surfer, a 16-processor PC cluster, was built and tested as part of this effort. The total cost was about twenty thousand 1999-dollars. The efficiency and accuracy of the CE/SE method on the Beowulf cluster are assessed to determine feasibility of applying the CE/SE method to CFD calculations of using five million mesh nodes and above on this low-cost platform. The numerical solutions of threedimensional detonations propagating in a square tube are calculated. The diagonal instability pattern of three-dimensional detonations is reported.
Effects of Different Management Measures on Growth of Dendrocalamus latiflorus

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three kinds of management measures on growth of Dendrocalamus latiflorus in Pingbian county of Yunnan province.Three management measures were: fertilization once and tending once a year(treatment 1),fertilization twice and tending once a year(treatment 2),tending once a year without fertilization(treatment 3).The observation results showed that the preservation ratio of 3 years old Dendrocalamus latiflorus was 95 %,the peak time of shooting of 1 to 3 years old were all in July to September.The number of shooting,average basal diameter of new shoot,average DBH of mature bamboo and average height of 1 year old plant decreased in the order of treatment 2,treatment 1 and treatment 3.As far as 2 to 3 years old Dendrocalamus latiflorus plants were concerned,treatment 2 had the best performance.The shooting number of treatment 1 was similar to that of treatment 3.The basal diameter,average DBH of mature bamboo and average height of bamboo of treatment 1 were better than that of treatment 3.The shooting number of 3 years old bamboo decreased in the order of treatment 3,treatment 2 and treatment 1.Bamboo of treatment 2 had the best performance of basal diameter and bamboo shooting rate,the value of treatment 1 was similar to treatment 3.
Study on the leaching rates and intake of lead and arsenic of teabag-type healthy foods

Objective To investigate leaching rate of lead and arsenic of teabag type healthy foods and the intakeof lead from it and to evaluate its safety. Methods 25 teabags were collected from shopping malls,supermarkets,pharmacies and so on,in accordance with the provisions of the edible product identification method,one of solid samples was taken and leached with80 ℃ deionized water twice,each time 80 ml extraction 30 min,combined leachate. The contents of lead and arsenic both in samples and leaching liquid were determined according to the standard method of GB5009. 12-2010 and GB / T5009. 11-2003 respectively. The intake level of lead and arsenic were obtained by the lead and arsenic content,leaching rate of lead and arsenic in teabag-healthy foods and labeling dosage. The intake level of lead and arsenic were obtained by timing the content and leaching rate in teabag-healthy foods and labeling dosage. The intake safety of lead and arsenic were assessed by Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake( PTWI) recommended by JECFA of WHO / FAO. Results The leaching rate of lead in the teabag type healthy foods was 1. 82% ~ 42. 94%,with the average rate 11. 18%. The rate of arsenic was 6. 91% ~ 68. 95%,with the average rate 32. 41%. The average ratio of lead and arsenic intake in PTWI was only 0. 43% and 0. 87%. Conclusion The lead and arsenic intake of teabag type health foods would not harm people's health.
A Low-cost Radiator for Radar Decoy

Through calculation and experiments,it is found that this new antenna has a fan beam or a pencil beam and has a high peak gain and aperture efficiency.The reflector of the new antenna is conical.This conical reflector antenna can be produced easily and has much lower cost than other types of reflector antenna of the same performance. Thus this new antenna can be used as a low-cost radiator for radar decoy which will be destroyed by missiles.
Behavioral treatments for drug problems: lessons from the alcohol treatment outcome literature.

Behavioral approaches have a strong track record in the treatment of alcohol problems. They are generally cost-effective (Holder et al. 1991), can be readily combined with and enhance the effectiveness of pharmacologic interventions (e.g., Azrin et al. 1982), and have been found to be applicable all along the continuum of problem severity. Cognitive-behavioral strategies appear to be particularly helpful in addressing common problems of treatment motivation, retention, and compliance. There is no reason to expect substantially different findings when behavioral strategies are applied in the treatment of other drug problems.
Dynamic tensile forces drive collective cell migration through three-dimensional extracellular matrices

Collective cell migration drives tissue remodeling during development, wound repair, and metastatic invasion. The physical mechanisms by which cells move cohesively through dense three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) remain incompletely understood. Here, we show directly that migration of multicellular cohorts through collagenous matrices occurs via a dynamic pulling mechanism, the nature of which had only been inferred previously in 3D. Tensile forces increase at the invasive front of cohorts, serving a physical, propelling role as well as a regulatory one by conditioning the cells and matrix for further extension. These forces elicit mechanosensitive signaling within the leading edge and align the ECM, creating microtracks conducive to further migration. Moreover, cell movements are highly correlated and in phase with ECM deformations. Migrating cohorts use spatially localized, long-range forces and consequent matrix alignment to navigate through the ECM. These results suggest biophysical forces are critical for 3D collective migration.
A Structure for Neural Network Pattern Classifiers

We indicate an approach to pattern classification using neural networks that clarifies and simplifies the roles of the various layers in the networks. The first layer can always be considered as quantizing, and thereby smoothing, the d-dimensional feature vector that is its input. We indicate how to determine the width w Q of this layer in terms of the number N of training vectors and a single confidence parameter τ. The next two layers provide us with a clear method for implementing any Boolean function of the binary-valued outputs of this quantization layer. The first of these two layers has universal connections that can be fixed in advance or even randomly selected. The final layer is simply a Perceptron and is trained using the familiar Perceptron Training Algorithm to provide the desired binary classification output.
A tool set for managing virtual network configurations

Software defined networks and network function virtualization are providing much needed agility to network and system administrators attempting to meet ever changing demands from their stakeholders. However, there exists a need for tools to assist in the configuration, deployment, testing and knowledge transfer of these networks and their components. In this paper, we present our plans to develop a set of open source tools to assist with the aforementioned tasks. The goal is to apply existing disparate pieces of technology so they may work together to assist with the management of virtual network environments.
Section 6: Vibrations of a Bent Rod

The vibrations of a fork, that is, of a rod or strip bent in the middle in such a way that the two branches are parallel, do not differ essentially from the transverse vibrations of a straight rod whose two ends are free (Par. 71), and cannot be judged exactly without comparing one with the others. If one bends a straight rod or strip of iron, copper, glass, or other sufficiently sonorous material, so that it is folded approximately as is shown in Fig. 37aa, bb, cc, dd, and ee, one can observe the passage of the motions and the sounds from a straight rod to those of a fork. By the bend in the middle, as in general for each flexure of a vibrating part, the nodes become closer and closer together, as I have indicated in Fig. 37 by the small dotted lines. Each sound becomes graver if there were the same number of nodes on a straight rod or strip; so that the series of sounds which are consistent with the motion of a similar rod, and which are equal to the squares of the numbers 3, 5, 7, 9, etc., pass into a different form.
Basic Limitations To The Signal To Noise Ratio In Fiber Systems

The need for long-haul transmission of analog and digital data in an increasing number of applications is focusing attention on a number of fundamental noise mechanisms which limit the performance of even ideal systems. The talk will consider the basic physics as well as the system implications of a number of these cases including self heterodyning noise in optical amplifier systems and conversion of phase to intensity fluctuations in fibers.
Unipolar charge transport in oil-pressboard systems with planar, coaxial cylindrical and concentric spherical electrode geometries

One-dimensional migration-ohmic unipolar analysis of charge transport phenomena in series, two-region, oil-pressboard composite dielectric systems are presented in planar, coaxial cylindrical and concentric spherical electrode geometries with a step current source. Space charge limited injection solutions are presented in the steady state and transients using the method of characteristics to convert the governing partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations that allow analytical solutions as a function of time and space for volume and interfacial surface charge densities, charge trajectories in the oil region, and electric field and voltage drop in oil and pressboard regions. Analytical solutions are compared with some COMSOL Multiphysics numerical solutions as a way of gaining confidence in the correctness and accuracy of our numerical solutions.
HR+, HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer and CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Mode of Action, Clinical Activity, and Safety Profiles.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor-based therapies have shown great promise in improving clinical outcomes for patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer. Objectives: 1. Discuss the mode of action of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors in late clinical development: palbociclib (PD-0332991; Pfizer), ribociclib (LEE011; Novartis), and abemaciclib (LY2835219; Lilly). 2. Describe the efficacy and safety data relating to their use in HR+, HER2– advanced breast cancer. 3. Discuss the key side effects associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors along with considerations for adverse event management and patient monitoring. Methods: Relevant information and data were assimilated from manuscripts, congress publications, and online sources. Results: CDK4/6 inhibitors have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in combination with endocrine therapy compared with endocrine therapy alone. The side-effect profile of each agent is described, along with implications for patient monitoring, and considerations for patient care providers and pharmacists. Conclusion: Addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to endocrine therapy increases efficacy and delays disease progression. Insight into the unique side-effect profiles of this class of agents and effective patient monitoring will facilitate the successful use of CDK4/6 inhibitor-based therapies in the clinic.
Examining solutions to missing data in longitudinal nursing research.

Purpose Longitudinal studies are highly valuable in pediatrics because they provide useful data about developmental patterns of child health and behavior over time. When data are missing, the value of the research is impacted. The study's purpose was to (1) introduce a three-step approach to assess and address missing data and (2) illustrate this approach using categorical and continuous-level variables from a longitudinal study of premature infants. Methods A three-step approach with simulations was followed to assess the amount and pattern of missing data and to determine the most appropriate imputation method for the missing data. Patterns of missingness were Missing Completely at Random, Missing at Random, and Not Missing at Random. Missing continuous-level data were imputed using mean replacement, stochastic regression, multiple imputation, and fully conditional specification (FCS). Missing categorical-level data were imputed using last value carried forward, hot-decking, stochastic regression, and FCS. Simulations were used to evaluate these imputation methods under different patterns of missingness at different levels of missing data. Results The rate of missingness was 16–23% for continuous variables and 1–28% for categorical variables. FCS imputation provided the least difference in mean and standard deviation estimates for continuous measures. FCS imputation was acceptable for categorical measures. Results obtained through simulation reinforced and confirmed these findings. Practice Implications Significant investments are made in the collection of longitudinal data. The prudent handling of missing data can protect these investments and potentially improve the scientific information contained in pediatric longitudinal studies.
Investigating undergraduate students' ideas about the curvature of the Universe

The fate of the Universe is still an open question for astronomers and thus is a good opportunity for instructors to help students learn about how scientists use evidence and theory to evaluate possibilities.
Pharmacotherapies for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence: Current and on the Horizon

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The spectrum of alcohol withdrawal symptoms is wide and can range from mild to life threatening. Benzodiazepines have long been considered the standard of care in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. Once detoxification is successfully completed, the goal of treatment is maintenance of abstinence, including reduction of craving and risk of relapse. It is found that individuals taking naltrexone plus medical management or naltrexone plus medical management and CBI have higher percent days abstinent than those receiving placebo and medical management only. As naltrexone is believed to be effective through blocking endogenous opioids, thereby diminishing the pleasant effects of alcohol consumption, it may be expected to benefit patients whose disease is mostly characterized by reward craving. Acamprosate is reported to assist in the maintenance of abstinence and decrease negative symptoms associated with the acute post-withdrawal period in recently detoxified alcohol dependent individuals. Baclofen has been shown to decrease voluntary alcohol intake and suppress the expected rebound in alcohol intake after alcohol deprivation in rats bred for alcohol preference. The medication compliance and its impact on alcohol pharmacotherapy are elaborated in the chapter.
Polarization properties of Ince-Gaussian laser beams.

A consistent theoretical description of the polarization properties of Ince–Gauss (IG) laser beams is provided by constructing paraxial IG solutions to Maxwell equations. We confirm this description experimentally by recording both the dominant and cross-polarization components. Moreover, by experimentally confirming the evolution of the dominant and cross-polarization components as functions of ellipticity parameters, our paper extends further support to a unified treatment of the three (Laguerre–Gauss, Hermite–Gauss, and IG) families of paraxial laser beams.
Instructional Technology Courses in Teacher Education: A Study of Inservice Teachers' Perceptions and Recommendations

This article uses OLS and 2SLS regression analysis to examine K-12 educators' perceptions of technology courses that were integrated in their program of study and the extent to which the courses in...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Perturbations in Male Mice by CNS-Penetrating Thyromimetics

Thyromimetics represent a class of experimental drugs that can stimulate tissue-selective thyroid hormone action. As such, thyromimetics should have effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, but details of this action and the subsequent effects on systemic thyroid hormone levels have not been reported to date. Here, we compare the HPT-axis effects of sobetirome, a well-studied thyromimetic, with Sob-AM2, a newly developed prodrug of sobetirome that targets sobetirome distribution to the central nervous system (CNS). Similar to endogenous thyroid hormone, administration of sobetirome and Sob-AM2 suppress HPT-axis gene transcript levels in a manner that correlates to their specific tissue distribution properties (periphery vs CNS, respectively). Dosing male C57BL/6 mice with sobetirome and Sob-AM2 at concentrations ≥10 μg/kg/d for 29 days induces a state similar to central hypothyroidism characterized by depleted circulating T4 and T3 and normal TSH levels. However, despite the systemic T4 and T3 depletion, the sobetirome- and Sob-AM2-treated mice do not show signs of hypothyroidism, which may result from the presence of the thyromimetic in the thyroid hormone-depleted background.
Development, Implementation, and Optimization of LightCycler PCR Assays for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus from Clinical Specimens

For over 35 years, viruses from clinical specimens have been detected by cell culture techniques; this basic method has been the “gold standard” for the laboratory diagnosis of virus infections [1–4]. Conventionally, specimens were inoculated into cell cultures seeded in tubes; many groups of viruses were recognized by characteristic cytopathic effects induced generally after several days of incubation. In the early 1980s, the incubation time for detection of viruses was significantly reduced by introduction of the shell vial cell culture assay in which early antigens of the virus were detected with monoclonal antibodies after centrifugation and incubation of the vessels for 1–3 days [5, 6].
The evolving mental health professions: psychiatric social work, clinical psychology, psychiatry, and psychiatric nursing.

The mental health professions have uniquely adapted to the dramatic changes in service delivery over the last two decades. Social workers have successfully incorporated their emphasis on community intervention and primary prevention into the workplace. Psychologists have continued to prefer traditional clinical work while pursuing other roles such as social change agent, program evaluator, health psychologist, and administrator. Psychiatrists have employed more training in indirect services, cooperative efforts between academia and the public sector, and a greater focus on linking and consulting. Psychiatric nurses have also expanded their roles.
Peri-implant management of patients with aggressive periodontitis.

Abstract Peri -implant mucositis has been a common clinical finding around implant-supported restorations. More recently, several publications have documented progressive bone loss around implants. A peri-implant tissue maintenance protocol seems essential to maintain health postimplant therapy among patients affected with aggressive periodontitis.
Monotone Approximations and Rapid Convergence

Abstract Starting from the classical method of successive approximations, in a general set up, this paper describes in detail monotone iterative technique and the method of generalized quasilinearization. The paper demonstrates how monotone approximation techniques cover a broad range of nonlinearproblems in a variety of situations. The paper also traces the research excursions of the author for the benefit of the readers.
Positive Airway Pressure Adherence in Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

ABOUT ONE IN SIX US VETERANS IS ESTIMATED TO BE AFFECTED WITH POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD).1,2 PTSD IS A DEBILITATING ANXIETY disorder reported in 25% to 30% of individuals experiencing a traumatic event.3 Veterans with PTSD present with constellations of symptoms such as intrusive recollections and avoidance of trauma-related stimuli.4 Recurrent distressing dreams and nightmares are accompanied by repeated awakenings and difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep. Accruing evidence suggests that veterans with PTSD are at higher risk for sleep disordered breathing than non-veterans.5 The literature has long debated whether sleep disturbances predispose to the development of PTSD or whether symptoms of PTSD lead to exacerbation of sleep difficulties. Regardless of the initial insult, there is strong evidence to suggest that untreated sleep related disorders accentuate PTSD symptoms.6 In the study of Krakow and colleagues,7 treatment of behavioral manifestations of PTSD was more likely to be successful when comorbid sleep disordered breathing (SDB) was adequately treated. However, 65% of such patients discontinued treatment prematurely for unreported reasons.7 To date, effective treatment of SDB is typically achieved with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. Adherence to PAP therapy is a major challenge to successful treatment of SDB. Despite its efficacy in improving daytime somnolence, quality of life, and probably in alleviating cardiovascular risk factors,8,9 compliance with PAP therapy is suboptimal. Using data from a comprehensive PAP program at our center, the aims of the study were: (1) to determine the short-term PAP adherence rate in a veteran population with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and PTSD and (2) to identify non–mask-related risk factors associated with nonadherence to PAP in this population.
Damage and Failure of Axonal Microtubule under Extreme High Strain Rate: An In-Silico Molecular Dynamics Study.

As a major cytoskeleton element of the axon, the breaking of microtubules (MTs) has been considered as a major cause of the axon degeneration. High strain rate loading is considered as one of the key factors in microtubule breaking. Due to the small size of microtubule, the real-time behavior of microtubule breaking is hard to capture. This study employs fully-atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to determine the failure modes of microtubule under different loadings conditions such as, unidirectional stretching, bending and hydrostatic expansion. For each loading conditions, MT is subjected to extreme high strain rate (108–109 s−1) loading. We argue that such level of high strain rate may be realized during cavitation bubble implosion. For each loading type, we have determined the critical energy for MT rupture. The associated rupture mechanisms are also discussed. We observed that the stretching has the lowest energy barrier to break the MT at the nanosecond time scale. Moreover, the breakage between the dimers starts at ~16% of total strain when stretched, which is much smaller compared to the reported strain-at-failure (50%) for lower strain rate loading. It suggests that MT fails at a significantly smaller strain states when loaded at higher strain rates.
Analysis of Dynamically Switching Energy-Aware Scheduling Policies for Varying Workloads

Over the past decade, the compute resource requirements of applications has continued to grow. This leads to an increase in the required infrastructure that poses additional challenges to mitigating energy consumption and peak power draws. Apache Mesos has been a dominant player in the cluster management space, acting as a middleware between frameworks and the underlying infrastructure. Due to its high availability, fault-tolerance, and scalability, Mesos is used in the industry to run massive scale workloads. Datacenters typically handle continuous dynamically varying workloads, potentially leading to high peak power and energy consumption, in-turn leading to high cost of operation. Given a set of scheduling policies that have been proven to be beneficial in lowering peak power and/or energy consumption, we propose a mechanism of switching between these policies in order to adapt to the dynamic variation in the workloads and the changes in the state of the cluster. Our experiments show that adapting to the variation in the workload can lead to a 9.2% reduction in max peak power consumption, 6.9% in total energy consumption, and a 6.4% reduction in makespan when compared to using a single scheduling policy.
Risk Factors for Nerve Injury After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case-Control Study.

BACKGROUND Postsurgical acute nerve injury is rare but potentially devastating following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Previous literature suggests a wide range of incidence from 0.1% to 7.6%. Confirmed risk factors for these injuries remain unclear. METHODS THA patients at our institution who developed nerve injury during their admission for THA between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2013, were systematically identified and matched with 2 control subjects by surgical date. Relevant patient and surgical data were obtained through review of patient charts and electronic health records. We identified potential risk factors and calculated odds ratios (OR) using a conditional logistic regression model with a parsimonious stepwise approach. RESULTS We identified 93 nerve injuries in 43,761 THAs (0.21%). The mean age of cases was 63 years. Adjusting for other factors in the model, patients <45 years were found to be at increased risk of developing nerve injury (OR, 7.17; P = .033). Similarly, patients with a history of tobacco use (OR, 1.90; P = .030) and a history of spinal surgery or disease (OR, 10.06; P < .001) were also associated with increased risk of nerve injury. For every 30-minute increase in surgery time after 1 hour, risk of nerve injury risk increased (OR, 1.48; P = .034). Assignment as first operative case of the morning was associated with a decreased risk of nerve injury (OR, 0.37, P = .043). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that nerve injury is a rare complication following THA at our institution. We found risk factors that are possibly modifiable factors such as lumbar spine disease, smoking, and time of surgical scheduling.
Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Line Shapes: Dependence on Resonance Conditions of Pump and Probe Pulses †

Resonance enhancement has been increasingly employed in the emergent femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) to selectively monitor molecular structure and dynamics with improved spectral and temporal resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. Such joint efforts by the technique-and application-oriented scientists and engineers have laid the foundation for exploiting the tunable FSRS methodology to investigate a great variety of photosensitive systems and elucidate the underlying functional mechanisms on molecular time scales. During spectral analysis, peak line shapes remain a major concern with an intricate dependence on resonance conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive study of line shapes by tuning the Raman pump wavelength from red to blue side of the ground-state absorption band of the fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G in solution. Distinct line shape patterns in Stokes and anti-Stokes FSRS as well as from the low to high-frequency modes highlight the competition between multiple third-order and higher-order nonlinear pathways, governed by different resonance conditions achieved by Raman pump and probe pulses. In particular, the resonance condition of probe wavelength is revealed to play an important role in generating circular line shape changes through oppositely phased dispersion via hot luminescence (HL) pathways. Meanwhile, on-resonance conditions of the Raman pump could promote excited-state vibrational modes which are broadened and red-shifted from the coincident ground-state vibrational modes, posing challenges for spectral analysis. Certain strategies in tuning the Raman pump and probe to characteristic regions across an electronic transition band are discussed to improve the FSRS usability and versatility as a powerful structural dynamics toolset to advance chemical, physical, materials, and biological sciences.
A 6.1-nW Wake-Up Receiver Achieving −80.5-dBm Sensitivity Via a Passive Pseudo-Balun Envelope Detector

A wake-up receiver (WuRX) that achieves −80.5-dBm sensitivity with only 6.1 nW of power is presented. High sensitivity is achieved via a passive pseudo-balun envelope detector (ED) with a high input impedance ( $> 750~\text {k}{\Omega }\;{\|}{ pF) that enables a 30.6-dB passive voltage gain transformer while providing differential output and improving the conversion gain by ${2}{\times }$ compared to a conventional single-ended input passive ED for a given input capacitance. The WuRX is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process and operates from a 0.4-V supply.
More Than Money: Experienced Positive Affect Reduces Risk-Taking Behavior on a Real-World Gambling Task

Previous research indicates that when people participate in multi-trial games of chance, the results of previous trials impact subsequent wager size. For example, the “house money” and “break even” effects suggest that an individual’s risk-taking propensity increases when financially winning or losing during a gambling session. Additionally, the “mood maintenance hypothesis” and affect regulation hypothesis suggest that people in positive and negative affective states are less and more likely to gamble than when in neutral affective states, respectively. In the present study, participants completed a series of trials on three computerized slot machines with varying expected values (EV; -10%, 0%, +10%) of return on investment, and they were paid a percentage of their final bankrolls in real money. Although results did not support the “house money” or “break even” effects, the “mood maintenance hypothesis” was robustly supported in all EV conditions. This is some of the first evidence supporting this theory using an ecologically valid, real-money gambling task.
Demographics, stage distribution, and relative roles of surgery and radiotherapy on survival of persons with primary prostate sarcomas

Background Primary prostate sarcomas (PPS) are rare. Outcomes for this cancer have not been well characterized. Materials and methods Subjects with a PPS diagnosed between 1973 and 2014 were identified in the SEER database. Subjects were stratified by disease stage and types of therapies received. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and cohorts were compared with a univariate and multivariable Cox regression. Results The incidence of PPS among all prostate cancer diagnoses was 0.02%. Subjects younger than age 26 years at diagnosis represented 29% of cases, and 32% of primary prostate sarcomas were rhabdomyosarcoma histology. Rhabdomyosarcoma histologies The median age at diagnosis was 9 years. Between age 0-25 years rhabdomyosarcoma accounted for 96.4% of primary prostate sarcoma diagnoses, after age 25 rhabdomyosarcoma represented 15% of new diagnoses. The 10-year DSS and OS for rhabdomyosarcoma was 47% and 44%. Non-rhabdomyosarcoma histologies The median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The most common diagnoses were leiomyosarcoma (33%) and carcinosarcoma (28%). Localized, regional, or distant disease occurred in 40%, 34%, and 26% of cases. The 10-year DSS and OS were 26% and 14%. In locally advanced cases, RT added to surgery trended toward improved DSS (P = 0.10). Conclusions Disease-specific survival and OS for non-rhabdomyosarcoma histologies appear inferior to those of rhabdomyosarcoma. The addition of RT to surgical resection may improve DSS in locally advanced non-rhabdomyosarcoma. This is the largest report of the incidence, stage distribution, and survival for this extremely rare urologic malignancy providing valuable prognostic information.
On the current density at the cathode of a vacuum arc

In view of the revival of activity on vacuum arcs, it is important to analyze the basic experimental data used in theory. Current density is one of the most important parameters. It is shown that the current density obtained by measuring postmortem arc craters could substantially underestimate the real current density.
The prevalence of resistant Gram-negative bacteraemia among hospitalized patients in Tucson, Arizona over a 12-month period; A retrospective single center study:

IntroductionThe objectives of this retrospective review were to: (a) determine the prevalence of resistant Gram-negative bacteraemia among hospitalized patients; (b) evaluate antibiotic use; (c) de...
Investigation of the nonlinearity of transducer acoustic couplants for nonlinear elastic measurements

Abstract The study of nonlinear elasticity of materials often relies on attaching contact transducers to a sample to achieve the required strain amplitudes. When measuring and quantifying the degree of nonlinearity, it is assumed that the nonlinearity of the bond between the material and the transducer is negligible. Here, we aim to characterize the nonlinearity of common acoustic couplants used in nonlinear measurements. Other factors are also reported since bond nonlinearity is not the only important property when choosing an acoustic couplant, i.e., amount of energy transfer, thermal properties, cure time, toxicity, and ease of application and/or removal. Various types of acoustic couplants including, epoxies, glues, thermal adhesives, and coupling agents were studied using Nonlinear Resonance Ultrasound Spectroscopy (NRUS), which is a measure of the hysteretic nonlinearity of a material. Measurements were made on cylindrical samples of acrylic, aluminum alloy 6061-T651, and Crab Orchard sandstone, chosen for their range of sound speeds, attenuation, and nonlinearity.
Pain and sickle cell disease.

Purpose of reviewPain is a major comorbidity of sickle cell disease (SCD). Opioids are the mainstay for pain treatment but remain suboptimal. We discuss mechanism-based treatable targets devoid of opioids to prevent and/or treat SCD pain.Recent findingsUnderstanding the pathogenesis of pain is criti
Localized production of defence chemicals by intracellular symbionts of Haliclona sponges.

Marine sponges often house small-molecule-producing symbionts extracellularly in their mesohyl, providing the host with a means of chemical defence against predation and microbial infection. Here, we report an intriguing case of chemically mediated symbiosis between the renieramycin-containing sponge Haliclona sp. and its herein discovered renieramycin-producing symbiont Candidatus Endohaliclona renieramycinifaciens. Remarkably, Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens has undergone extreme genome reduction where it has lost almost all necessary elements for free living while maintaining a complex, multi-copy plasmid-encoded biosynthetic gene cluster for renieramycin biosynthesis. In return, the sponge houses Ca. E. renieramycinifaciens in previously uncharacterized cellular reservoirs (chemobacteriocytes), where it can acquire nutrients from the host and avoid bacterial competition. This relationship is highly specific to a single clade of Haliclona sponges. Our study reveals intracellular symbionts as an understudied source for defence chemicals in the oldest-living metazoans and paves the way towards discovering similar systems in other marine sponges. Here, the authors characterize the symbiotic relationship between Haliclona sponges and its intracellular symbiont. The symbiont has a highly streamlined genome, yet retains a plasmid with the biosynthetic gene cluster for production of the defence chemical renieramycin and lives within chemobacteriocytes for nutrient acquisition.
Effect of phosphodiesterase (1B, 2A, 9A and 10A) inhibitors on central nervous system cyclic nucleotide levels in rats and mice.

Abstract Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been broadly investigated as a target for a wide variety of indications including central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Cyclic nucleotide (cNT) changes within associated tissues may serve as a biomarker of PDE inhibition. We recently developed robust sample harvesting and bioanalytical methods to quantify cNT levels in rodent brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Herein, we report on the application of those methods to study rodent species-specific and rodent brain region-specific cNT changes following individual or concomitant PDE inhibitor administration. Male Sprague Dawley (Crl:CD® [SD]) rats were dosed subcutaneously (sc) with a PDE1B inhibitor (DNS-0056), a PDE2A inhibitor (PF-05180999), a PDE9A inhibitor (PF-4447943), and a PDE10A inhibitor (MP10), each at a single dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg, or concomitantly with all 4 inhibitors at 10 mg/kg each. Male Carworth Farms (Crl:CF1 ®[CF-1]) mice were dosed intraperitoneally (ip) with the four individual inhibitors at a single dose of 10 mg/kg or concomitantly with all 4 inhibitors at 10 mg/kg each. The doses studied are generally adequate for affecting measurable cNT levels in the tissues of interest and were thereby chosen for this investigation. Measured 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) changes were generally statistically insignificant in the brain, striatum and CSF after administration of the aforementioned PDE inhibitors. However, the levels of 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) increased in both rat and mouse striatum (2.2-, 2.1- and 1.7-fold and 6.4-, 2.8- and 1.7-fold, respectively) after PDE2A, 9A, and 10A inhibitor dosing. In all cases, the cNT changes followed the same trend in the brain, striatum and CSF after PDE inhibitor dosing and dose response was observed in rats. Concomitant treatment with PDE1B, PDE2A, PDE9A and PDE10A inhibitors resulted in a 4.4- and 36.7-fold increase of cGMP in rat and mouse striatum. The drug exposures after concomitant treatment were also higher than in the individual inhibitor-treated animals. cGMP enhancement observed could be due to synergistic effects, though an additive effect of the combined inhibitor concentrations may also contribute.
Electrophysiological responses to lateral shifts are not consistent with opponent-channel processing of interaural level differences

Interaural time differences (ITDs) and interaural level differences (ILDs) are critical to locating auditory sources in the horizontal plane. The higher order perceptual feature of auditory space i...
A Fast Method to Model the Effect of Series Impedance Changes of Transmission Lines on Bus Impedance Matrix

This paper extends Brown's method of Bus Impedance Matrix $(Z_{bus})$ formation to include the case of modifying the series impedance of an existing line. With the conventional Brown's method, modeling such modification requires re-constructing $Z_{bus}$ all over again, which is time-consuming, and redundant if we focus only on specific $Z_{bus}$ elements. Our extended method is based on converting a case of Brown's method (adding a branch between two existing buses) to model direct modification of a branch reactance. We test our improvement on Brown's method on 200-bus, 2383-bus, and 3120-bus systems. Results show that our method rapidly identifies $Z_{bus}$ elements without the need to re-construct $Z_{bus}$ . We also discuss briefly specific benefits of such speed improvement.
Abstract MP06: Everyday Discrimination And Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia In Young Women Post-mi

Objectives: Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is a transient myocardial ischemic response to mental stress. Women are about two times more likely to develop MSIMI compared to men, w...
Multi-Element Coplanar Stripline Bandpass Filters Based on Spurline Resonators

Coplanar stripline (CPS) series connected, open circuit terminated spurline resonators are used to build and demonstrate multi-element bandpass filters. A wirebond, mode suppression technique is used to achieve good bandpass filter (BPF) characteristics with no unwanted, spurious stopbands. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6-element BPFs are demonstrated at 4 GHz center frequency with increasing stopband roll-off, greater stopband rejection, greater than 10 dB return loss and less than 2 dB insertion loss.
Much to Do About Trauma: A Systematic Review of Existing Trauma-Informed Treatments on Youth Violence and Recidivism:

Research has demonstrated a relationship between childhood trauma, violence, and justice involvement. As juvenile justice systems have become more attune to the needs of traumatized youth, a number...
Ultrafast atomically resolved movies of molecular dynamics

The conversion of light into chemical and mechanical energy can take place at the level of single molecules, where the absorption of a photon leads to changes in the molecular structure on ultrafast time scales. Observing these dynamics requires simultaneously reaching atomic (sub-Angstrom) spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution. We have recently showed that we can reach these milestones with ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), capturing structural dynamics in isolated molecules as they take place. We have observed bond breaking, the motion and splitting of nuclear wavepackets in complex photochemical reactions and coherent motions that persist after the reaction is completed.