cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Local/Global and Parametric/Nonparametric Machine Learning Methods for Establishing Structure–Property Linkages in High-Contrast 3D Elastic Composites

Reduced-order structure–property (S-P) linkages play a pivotal role in the tailored design of materials for advanced engineering components. There is a critical need to distill these from the simulation datasets aggregated using sophisticated, computationally expensive, physics-based numerical tools (e.g., finite element methods). The recent emergence of materials data science approaches has opened new avenues for addressing this challenge. In this paper, we critically compare the relative merits of the application of four distinct machine learning approaches for their efficacy in extracting microstructure-property linkages from the finite element simulation data aggregated on high-contrast elastic composites with different microstructures. The machine learning approaches selected for the study have included different combinations of local/global and parametric/nonparametric approaches. Furthermore, the nonparametric approaches selected for this study are based on Gaussian Process (GP) models that allow for a formal treatment of uncertainty quantification in the predicted values. The predictive performances of these different approaches have been compared against each other using rigorous cross-validation error metrics. Furthermore, their sensitivity to both the dataset size and dimensionality has been investigated.
Direct anabolic three carbon metabolism via propionate to a six carbon metabolite occurs in human heart and in vivo across mouse tissues

Anabolic metabolism of carbon in mammals is mediated via the one and two carbon carriers S-adenosyl methionine and acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). In contrast, anabolic metabolism using three carbon units via propionate is not thought to occur. Mammals are primarily thought to oxidize the 3-carbon short chain fatty acid propionate by shunting propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA for entry into the TCA cycle. We found that this may not be absolute and that in mammals one non-oxidative fate of two units of propionyl-CoA is to condense to a six-carbon trans-2-methyl-2-pentenoyl-CoA (2M2PE-CoA). We confirmed this pathway using purified protein extracts provided limited substrates and confirmed the product with a synthetic standard. In whole-body in vivo stable isotope tracing with infusion of 13C-labeled valine achieving steady state, 2M2PE-CoA formed via propionyl-CoA in multiple murine tissues including heart, kidney, and to a lesser degree in brown adipose tissue, liver, and tibialis anterior muscle. Using ex vivo isotope tracing, we found that 2M2PE-CoA formed in human myocardial tissue incubated with propionate to a limited extent. While the complete enzymology of this pathway remains to be elucidated, these results confirm the in vivo existence of at least one anabolic three to six carbon reaction conserved in humans and mice that utilizes three carbons via propionate.
APPENDIX 3D Importing Biological Materials

Scientific cooperation between laboratories in the United States is no longer confined to those at the same institution, nor even within the boundaries of the country. More than ever, scientists are forming collaborations with their peers outside the U.S., leading not only to the exchange of knowledge and ideas, but also to the exchange of biological reagents. This unit discusses issues involved with international transfer of these reagents, such as packaging and import restrictions.
Effects of post-weaning supplementation of immunomodulatory feed ingredient on body weight and cortisol concentrations in program-fed beef heifers.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an immunomodulatory feed ingredient during post-weaning on growth and cortisol concentrations of beef heifers. Commercial Angus heifers (n = 72) from 2 AI sires were blocked (n = 9) by BW and randomly assigned to one of 2 pens per block. Each pen (4 heifers/pen) per block was randomly assigned to either one of 2 treatments, Celmanax (CEL) or corn germ (CON). The heifers were fed a commercial total mixed ration (TMR) twice daily from d 0 to 60 to gain 0.75 kg/d. The feed was top-dressed once daily with either 72g of Celmanax (CEL) or corn germ (CON) per pen. Body weight (BW) was collected on d −1, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 61. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60. Two heifers per pen (n = 32) were randomly selected for a transportation challenge to evaluate stress response on d 62 or 63 of the study. Sixteen heifers (n = 8 CEL; n = 8 CON) were randomly selected for a corticotropin-releasing hormone/arginine vasopressin (CRH/AVP) challenge and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) on d 64 and 67 of the study. The pen was the experimental unit, and data were analyzed by ANOVA or repeated measures analysis as appropriate. Feed efficiency and BW gain were increased (P = 0.04) in CEL heifers compared to CON heifers. Serum cortisol concentrations were decreased (P
Lipophagy-derived fatty acids undergo extracellular efflux via lysosomal exocytosis

The autophagic degradation of lipid droplets (LDs), termed lipophagy, is a major mechanism that contributes to lipid turnover in numerous cell types. While numerous factors, including nutrient depr...
Physical Education and Anti-Blackness

This commentary is not intended to be an all-inclusive “catch-all” but a starting point to inspire behavior change, cultural fluency, and an “ideological repositioning” of how we think about our pr...
Delay in seeking medical care for worsening heart failure symptoms: predictors and association with cardiac events

Aims The association of delay in seeking medical care to subsequent cardiac events remains unknown in patients with worsening heart failure (HF) symptoms. The aims of this study were to (i) identify factors predicting care-seeking delay and (ii) examine the impact of care-seeking delay on subsequent cardiac rehospitalization or death. Methods and results We studied 153 patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of HF. Potential predictors of delay including demographic, clinical, psychosocial, cognitive, and behavioural variables were collected. Patients were followed for 3 months after discharge to determine time to the first cardiac rehospitalization or death. The median delay time was 134 h (25th and 75th percentiles 49 and 364 h). Non-linear regression showed that New York Heart Association functional class III/IV (P = 0.001), worse depressive symptoms (P = 0.004), better HF knowledge (P = 0.003), and lower perceived somatic awareness (P = 0.033) were predictors of delay time from patient perception of worsening HF to subsequent hospital admission. Cox regression revealed that patients who delayed longer (more than 134 h) had a 1.93-fold higher risk of experiencing cardiac events (P = 0.044) compared to non-delayers. Conclusions Care-seeking delay in patients with worsening HF symptoms was significantly associated with an increased risk of rehospitalization and mortality after discharge. Intervention strategies addressing functional status, psychological state, cognitive and behavioural factors are essential to reduce delay and thereby improve outcomes.
Ecologies of Guilt in Environmental Rhetorics: by Tim Jensen, London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, ix–161 pp., $44.99 (ebook), $59.99 (hardcover)

Climate change remains a critical international problem. Glaciers are melting at quickened rates, coastal communities are threatened by rising sea levels, and changing global temperatures are inten...
Developing a Superior Creative Brief

This technical note is designed to introduce the Creative Brief, a document that plays a crucial role in the process of converting marketing strategy into implementation. Many creatives believe that briefs are generally poorly written, which then leads to poor advertising messages. This note will help strategists better understand the criticality of developing well-crafted, carefully considered, and expertly vetted creative briefs that increase the chance of superior implementation and, ultimately, impact. While this note focuses on a Creative Brief, there are many similar documents (e.g., project briefs and technology briefs) that serve the same bridging purpose. As a result, the insight from the note can be useful in trying to create any document that helps convert strategy into action. Excerpt UVA-M-0891 Rev. Sept. 21, 2018 Developing a Superior Creative Brief In my experience, the creative brief is the Rodney Dangerfield of business documents…It gets no respect. Not because it isn't used. It is. The respect thing arises because the creative brief is so ubiquitous that it's taken for granted. It's part of the scenery and no one really sees it for its true value. —Howard Ibach, How to Write an Inspired Creative Brief Creatives…refuse to do advertising work for a product or service without a brief signed off by the client. Meanwhile, marketing people often fill out these briefs with the vaguest, most meaningless sentences possible that will make it impossible for the agency to blame them when the ads don't work. . . .
Deformation Mechanisms in Mn+1AXn Phase Ternary Ceramics at High Strain Rates

The present study is concerned with understanding the high strain rate deformation mechanisms and the role of microstructural characteristics in Mn+1AXn phase ternary ceramics. These materials crystallize in a Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) structure with a c/a ratio greater than 1.67 which results in kink band formations when subjected to loading. In this work, we report the high strain rate deformation and fracture mechanisms observed in Ti2AlC, a ternary ceramic, when subjected to dynamic compressive loading (~1,200 s−1) using a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) technique and 2-D high speed Digital Image Correlation (DIC) to measure in-plane displacements. Specimens with different geometries are tested due to the tendency of these materials to fracture prematurely and also due to lack of established experimental protocols for testing ternary ceramics using SHPB (in comparison to metals, ceramics, polymers), which is another objective of the study. The fractography analysis, done using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), reveals the dominant fracture mechanisms to consist of kink band formations, grain folding and delamination, cavity formation, delamination of the nano-laminates, grain pullout, and tearing etc. These features, though observed under static loading conditions, initiate and propagate in the material by a completely different mechanism. Qualitative and quantitative comparison show dynamic loading leads to more advanced deformation modes.
Localization of Tubulin and Microtubules of in vivo Fertilized Rabbit Oocytes

The presence of tubulin throughout what appears to be sperm penetration tunnels of in vivo fertilized rabbit oocytes was demonstrated by both immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy, using fluorescein and peroxidase-labeled antibodies, respectively. In approximately half the fertilized oocytes examined, intact microtubules were found at the point of entry of the spermatozoon into the zona pellucida, while amorphous deposits were found throughout the remainder of the tunnel, starting at the point of entry into the matrix of the corona radiata cell layer, and continuing to the perivitelline space. These continuous deposits of tubulin suggest that, in the rabbit, acrosomal microtubule-like structures may perform a role in mammalian fertilization, possibly as an enzyme binding or delivery system, although other functions are possible. No deposition of actin was detectable in these tunnels.
The Logic of the Law and the Essence of Economics: Reflections on 40 Years in the Wilderness

In this article, I explore the role of comparative institutional analysis in understanding and reforming both legal analysis and economic analysis. For me, understanding both legal analysis and economic analysis means focusing on decision-making institutions and, in turn, their behavior and the choice between them. If institutional choice is the central theme of both legal analysis and economic analysis, it should follow that the central focus of both legal analysis and economic analysis would be institutional comparison weighing the relative merits of the relevant decision-making processes. But it isn't. This failure is far more obvious in economic analysis than it is in legal analysis primarily because it is difficult to know what legal analysis is. I can quite comfortably show that the study of institutional behavior defines economic analysis in general and that institutional choice defines the economic analysis of law and public policy. Under these circumstances, the absence of comparative institutional analysis is a glaring error. But there is no general framework for legal analysis. It has been and remains my objective to use comparative institutional analysis to provide such an analytical framework for legal analysis.In the first part of this paper, I explore the role of institutional choice and comparative institutional analysis in defining the basic intuitions of law. I explore what comparative institutional analysis has to say about fundamental rights and suspect classifications, the concept of property, class actions and the judicial review of contracts under doctrines like unconscionability and of corporate decision-making under doctrines like the business judgement rule. Using this broad range of applications shows how comparative institutional analysis reveals the parallels across areas of law often considered unconnected. In the second part of the paper, I explore both the role of economic analysis in understanding and constructing comparative institutional analysis and the role of institutional choice and comparative institutional analysis in unlocking the potential of economics for the analysis of law and public policy. I will close by drawing implications for the reform of legal education, legal scholarship and the economic analysis of law and public policy. This paper is my contribution to a Symposium, entitled "30 Years of Comparative Institutional Analysis: A Celebration of Neil Komesar," held at the University of Wisconsin in October, 2012. The Symposium will be published in the Wisconsin Law Review.
Nonreciprocity in waveguide second harmonic generation

Summary form only given. Second-order nonlinearities have prompted a great deal of interest because of the possibility of generating large nonlinear phase shifts as a result of cascaded processes. Realising that in SHG both the conversion efficiency and the nonlinear phase are important in the process leads to a variety of other phenomena. Experiments were performed in a quasi phase matched proton exchanged LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide.
Addressing the safety of programmable electronic mining systems: lessons learned

The functional safety of programmable electronic (PE) mining systems is an international issue and concern. From 1995 to 2001, 11 PE-related mining incidents in the US were reported by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA); 71 PE-related mining incidents were reported in Australia. MSHA does not have regulations for formal evaluations of the functional safety of PE mining systems. Hence, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), in partnership with MSHA and the industry, generated the NIOSH safety framework for functional safety of PE mining systems. An overview of the NIOSH framework is given; the key framework elements, the safety life cycle and safety integrity levels are detailed. The safety framework approach has impacted the national and Australian mining industries by enabling the industries to advance from an ad-hoc approach to a formalized and systematic functional safety process. In retrospect, valuable lessons were learned for addressing functional safety and for changing industry perspectives and practices. These lessons continue to benefit mining and are applicable to other industries as well.
Regulation of adipose tissue metabolism within the intact organism: a summary

The sections in this article are: 1 Preparations Used 2 Mechanisms of Control 2.1 The Deposition of Triglycerides Circulating in Plasma 2.2 Regulation of Adipose Tissue Mass and of the Total Amount of Lipid Stored Therein 2.3 Regulation of Mobilization of Adipose Tissue Lipid 2.4 Inhibition of Lipid Mobilization 3 Pathophysiologic Considerations
Disorders of homocysteine metabolism

This review of recent advances covers (1) the metabolism of methionine and its regulation, emphasizing interactions with the three important vitamins folate, cobalamin and pyridoxine; (2) present knowledge of enzymological and molecular-genetic aspects of homozygous deficiencies of the three enzymes which cause elevated homocyst(e)ine; (3) recent clinical findings, post-methionine loading results related to enzyme and mutation studies in obligate heterozygotes for cystathionine β-synthase deficiency; (4) important new evidence for disturbed homocysteine metabolism in neural tube defects, particularly based on studies of the thermolabile methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase mutation which is also of importance in vascular disease; (5) the suitability and limitations of animal models that have so far been described.
Effect of increasing heart rate in patients with aortic regurgitation. Effect of incremental atrial pacing on scintigraphic, hemodynamic and thermodilution measurements

This study was performed to assess the effect of pacing-induced tachycardia in patients with aortic regurgitation. In 12 patients (5 men and 7 women with a mean age of 53 years) with aortic regurgitation, left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes were measured with multigated equilibrium blood pool imaging, and forward cardiac index was determined with thermodilution, both at rest (mean heart rate +/- standard deviation 72 +/- 8 beats/min) and during atrial pacing at 100 and 120 beats/min. Pacing caused a decremental reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes and radionuclide-determined stroke volume index but no change in radionuclide-determined cardiac index or left ventricular ejection fraction. Forward cardiac index increased incrementally from the baseline value at rest to that at 120 beats/min despite a decremental reduction in stroke volume index. There was a stepwise decrease in regurgitant volume/stroke (46 +/- 20 ml/m2 at baseline, 27 +/- 15 at 120 beats/min; p less than 0.05) but no change in regurgitant volume/min (3.38 +/- 1.80 liters/min per m2 at baseline, 3.22 +/- 1.78 at 120 beats/min; difference not significant [NS]) or regurgitant fraction (0.54 +/- 0.13 at baseline, 0.49 +/- 0.13 at 120 beats/min; NS). Mean femoral arterial, pulmonary arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures did not change with pacing.
Lasserre Hierarchy, Higher Eigenvalues, and Approximation Schemes for Graph Partitioning and Quadratic Integer Programming with PSD Objectives

We present an approximation scheme for optimizing certain Quadratic Integer Programming problems with positive semi definite objective functions and global linear constraints. This framework includes well known graph problems such as Minimum graph bisection, Edge expansion, Uniform sparsest cut, and Small Set expansion, as well as the Unique Games problem. These problems are notorious for the existence of huge gaps between the known algorithmic results and NP-hardness results. Our algorithm is based on rounding semi definite programs from the Lasserre hierarchy, and the analysis uses bounds for low-rank approximations of a matrix in Frobenius norm using columns of the matrix. For all the above graph problems, we give an algorithm running in time $n^{O(r/\eps^2)}$ with approximation ratio $\frac{1+\eps}{\min\{1,\lambda_r\}}$, where $\lambda_r$ is the $r$'th smallest eigenvalue of the normalized graph Laplacian $\Lnorm$. In the case of graph bisection and small set expansion, the number of vertices in the cut is within lower-order terms of the stipulated bound. Our results imply $(1+O(\eps))$ factor approximation in time $n^{O(r^\ast/\eps^2)}$ where $r^\ast$ is the number of eigenvalues of $\Lnorm$ smaller than $1-\eps$. This perhaps gives some indication as to why even showing mere APX-hardness for these problems has been elusive, since the reduction must produce graphs with a slowly growing spectrum (and classes like planar graphs which are known to have such a spectral property often admit good algorithms owing to their nice structure). For Unique Games, we give a factor $(1+\frac{2+\eps}{\lambda_r})$ approximation for minimizing the number of unsatisfied constraints in $n^{O(r/\eps)}$ time. This improves an earlier bound for solving Unique Games on expanders, and also shows that Lasserre SDPs are powerful enough to solve well-known integrality gap instances for the basic SDP. We also give an algorithm for independent sets in graphs that performs well when the Laplacian does not have too many eigenvalues bigger than $1+o(1)$.
Reconstruction of bandlimited signals from their unevenly-spaced sampled data

This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing a bandlimited signal from a finite number of its unevenly-spaced sampled data. We present the main results for a Fourier analysis of the available data [10] done in a framework similar to Shannon's sampling theorem for evenly-spaced data. The results are then utilized to determine the required constraints and algorithms for accurate reconstruction.
Axoplasmic transport of RNA.

The transport of RNA from the ganglion cell bodies within the retina to the contralateral optic tectum has been studied in the chick following intraocular injection of radioactive uridine. By tracing the appearance of labeled RNA at the proximal end of the optic nerve as it leaves the eyeball and comparing this to the time of arrival of RNA within the optic tectum, the migratory velocity of axonal RNA has been calculated to be around 12 mm per day. The continuation of RNA migration to the optic tectum in the presence of intracerebrally injected actinomycin-D but not in the presence of the intraocularly injected drug, suggests a retinal site of synthesis of the excess RNA found in the tectum innervated by the injected eye. A study of the rate of disppearance of radioactivity of the transported RNA in the optic lobes, suggested that this RNA turns over more rapidly than the bulk of tectal RNA. The destination of migrating RNA within the optic tectum has been autoradiographically examined. Most radioactive RNA is found in the outer tectal layers in which are found the afferent fibers of the optic tract and most of their synaptic terminations. Label is not confined to these areas however but is also present in the deeper layers of the optic tectum which are not known to contain any primary synapses of the axons from retinal ganglion cells.
Multiple functions of a Drosophila homeotic gene, zeste-white 3, during segmentation and neurogenesis

Lack of both maternal and zygotic gene activity at the zeste-white 3 (zw3) locus causes severe developmental transformations. Embryos derived from germ cells that lack zw3+ gene activity die during embryogenesis and have a phenotype that is similar to that of embryos mutant for the segment polarity gene naked (nkd). In both nkd and germ line clone-derived zw3 embryos the pattern elements derived from the anterior-most part of each segment, the denticle belts, are deleted. Similar abnormal patterns of the zygotically expressed genes engrailed and Ultrabithorax are detected in both mutants, suggesting that the two genes are involved in the same developmental process. Additionally, the induction of clones of zw3 mutant cells in imaginal discs causes homeotic transformations of noninnervated hair cells into innervated sensory bristles. The multiple roles of zw3 during development and its possible interactions with the zygotic gene nkd are discussed.
Displacement of location in illusory line motion.

Six experiments examined displacement in memory for the location of the line in illusory line motion (ILM; appearance or disappearance of a stationary cue is followed by appearance of a stationary line that is presented all at once, but the stationary line is perceived to “unfold” or “be drawn” from the end closest to the cue to the end most distant from the cue). If ILM was induced by having a single cue appear, then memory for the location of the line was displaced toward the cue, and displacement was larger if the line was closer to the cue. If ILM was induced by having one of two previously visible cues vanish, then memory for the location of the line was displaced away from the cue that vanished. In general, the magnitude of displacement increased and then decreased as retention interval increased from 50 to 250 ms and from 250 to 450 ms, respectively. Displacement of the line (a) is consistent with a combination of a spatial averaging of the locations of the cue and the line with a relatively weaker dynamic in the direction of illusory motion, (b) might be implemented in a spreading activation network similar to networks previously suggested to implement displacement resulting from implied or apparent motion, and (c) provides constraints and challenges for theories of ILM.
Tubing misconnections: normalization of deviance.

Background: Accidental connection of an enteral system to an intravenous (IV) system frequently results in the death of the patient. Misconnections are commonly attributed to the presence of universal connectors found in the majority of patient care tubing systems. Universal connectors allow for tubing misconnections between physiologically incompatible systems. Methods: The purpose of this review of case studies of tubing misconnections and of current expert recommendations for safe tubing connections was to answer the following questions: In tubing connections that have the potential for misconnections between enteral and IV tubing, what are the threats to safety? What are patient outcomes following misconnections between enteral and IV tubing? What are the current recommendations for preventing misconnections between enteral and IV tubing? Following an extensive literature search and guided by 2 models of threats and errors, the authors analyzed case studies and expert opinions to identify technical, o...
Association between Previous Concussion History and Symptom Endorsement during Preseason Baseline Testing in High School and Collegiate Athletes

Background:A graded symptom checklist is a commonly used concussion evaluation measure. Little is known about pre-season baseline symptomatology of high school and college athletes with and without a previous concussion history.Hypothesis:The primary hypothesis investigated was that those individuals with a concussion history would report more symptoms at baseline testing. The effects of sex and age on symptoms were also examined.Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Methods:Subjects included 8930 high school and collegiate athletes (height, 177.79 ± 9.97 cm; mass, 75.20 ± 19.21 kg; age, 16.60 ± 1.64 years). Subjects completed a self-report graded symptom checklist and concussion history questionnaire during a preseason clinical testing session. Symptoms reported (yes or no) on the 18-item graded symptom checklist served as the dependent variables.Results:A significant association was observed between symptoms on the graded symptom checklist and previous concussion history (P ≤ .001). No differences were obs...
A geometric characterization of generalized Moulton planes

ANDRe, [1], has given a geometric characterization of generalized Moulton planes of class III 2. We shall give an analogous characterization of generalized Moulton planes of class III 1. Basic definitions and theorems concerning projective planes can be found in PICKERT, [4]. The projective plane ~z is of class III 1 if and only if it contains a point P and line l, with P~l, such that (i) zc is X X P transitive for all X~I, (ii) zc is not A a transitive for any other point-line pair (A, a); n is of class III2 if and only if it satisfies (i) and (ii)' z~ is P l transitive but is not A a transitive for any other point-line pair (A, a). (BARLOTTI, [2]). The plane ~ is X y halftransitive, where X(~y, if and only if for some line g on X, (and hence for every line g on X), the group of all X y perspectivities divides the points of g {X, y n g} into exactly two transitivity classes, [1]. Generalizing the definition in [1], w we say z~ is an m-plane of class III1, (III2), if and only if ~ is of class III l, (III 2), and z~ is X y half-transitive for all (X, y) such that Xel, y~P and X~y. Let S be an ordered skew-field. Let $ = (S, + , *) be the system derived from S by leaving addition unaltered and defining a new multiplication, , , as follows: a*b=akb if a<0 , b < 0 and a ,b=ab otherwise, where k, +1, is a fixed positive element in S. By [4], p. 93, S is a cartesian group, and hence determines a projective plane re. By [5], Theorem 3, zc is of class III 2 if k is in the centre of S and is otherwise of class III 1. A plane is a generalized Moulton plane if and only if it can be derived from an ordered skew-field in this manner. (The first example of such a plane was given by MOULTON, [3].) The principal result of [1] can be stated as follows:
Inter-DNA electrostatics from explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations.

Electrostatic repulsion between two DNA molecules, computed from explicit water-free energy simulations, is screened stronger by Na+ counterions than K+ counterions. An effective electrostatic pote...
Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation Alters Kvβ1.3 Subunit-mediated Inactivation of the Kv1.5 Potassium Channel

The human Kv1.5 potassium channel forms the IKur current in atrial myocytes and is functionally altered by coexpression with Kvβ subunits. To explore the role of protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation in β-subunit function, we examined the effect of PKA stimulation on Kv1.5 current following coexpression with either Kvβ1.2 or Kvβ1.3, both of which coassemble with Kv1.5 and induce fast inactivation. In Xenopus oocytes expressing Kv1.5 and Kvβ1.3, activation of PKA reduced macroscopic inactivation with an increase in K+ current. Similar results were obtained using HEK 293 cells which lack endogenous K+ channel subunits. These effects did not occur when Kv1.5 was coexpressed with either Kvβ1.2 or Kvβ1.3 lacking the amino terminus, suggesting involvement of this region of Kvβ1.3. Removal of a consensus PKA phosphorylation site on the Kvβ1.3 NH2terminus (serine 24), but not alternative sites in either Kvβ1.3 or Kv1.5, resulted in loss of the functional effects of kinase activation. The effects of phosphorylation appeared to be electrostatic, as replacement of serine 24 with a negatively charged amino acid reduced β-mediated inactivation, while substitution with a positively charged residue enhanced it. These results indicate that Kvβ1.3-induced inactivation is reduced by PKA activation, and that phosphorylation of serine 24 in the subunit NH2 terminus is responsible.
Stimulus control over sex-typed play in cross-gender identified boys ☆

Abstract Discriminative stimulus control over masculine and feminine sex-typed play behaviors was investigated in five boys, aged 5–8 yr, with “childhood crossgender identification.” Reliable observational measures of play were obtained with two sets of toys: (a) “dress-up toys” (girls' apparel vs boys' apparel), and (b) “affect toys” (maternal-nurturance play vs masculine-aggression play). With an ABA reversal intrasubject design, certain stimulus conditions (e.g., presence of father, mother, male, or female stranger) were found to be discriminative for reliable changes in sex-typed play. Sex-typed play was found to vary as a function of the social stimulus situation and as a function of the type of play response required. All children played predominantly feminine while alone in the playroom. While no single environmental stimulus was consistently discriminative for masculine play across children, at least one stimulus condition was found for each subject under which he played predominantly masculine.
Note-Comment on A Perturbation Scheme to Improve Hillier's Solution to the Facilities Layout Problem

This note points out that three of the facilities layout problems solved by Picone and Wilhelm Picone, C. J., W. E. Wilhelm. 1984. A perturbation scheme to improve Hillier's solution to the facilities layout problem. Management Sci.30 1238-1249. are different from the test problems given in Nugent, Vollmann and Ruml Nugent, C. E., T. E. Vollmann, J. Ruml. 1968. An experimental comparison of techniques for the assignment of facilities to locations. Oper. Res.16 150-173.. Comparison with results obtained by other researchers to these test problems is, therefore, not valid.
Brugia malayi: microfilarial polyunsaturated fatty acid composition and synthesis.

Abstract The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of Brugia malayi microfilariae was analyzed by gas chromatography and compared to that of sera from B. malayi -infected jirds. The essential fatty acid, linoleic acid (18:2ω6), was the most abundant fatty acid present in both microfilarial total lipids and phospholipids as well as in jird sera. In contrast, arachidonic acid (20:4ω6), as well as the 18:3ω6, 20:2ω6, and 20:3ω6 intermediates that are formed in the enzymatic conversion of linoleic acid to arachidonic acid, were proportionally more abundant in microfilariae than in jird sera. To assess the capacity of microfilariae to transform linoleic acid into arachidonic acid, B. malayi microfilariae were incubated with [ 14 C]linoleic acid. Microfilarial lipids were extracted and resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. A portion of [ 14 C]linoleic acid incorporated by microfilariae was converted to [ 14 C]arachidonic acid. Thus, microfilariae can not only incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid, as previously demonstrated, but can also synthesize arachidonic acid from exogenous linoleic acid. The capacity of microfilariae to utilize specific host polyunsaturated fatty acids raises the possibility that intravascular filarial parasites may synthesize eicosanoid metabolites of arachidonic acid that could mediate filarial-host cell interactions.
Linoleic acid hydroperoxide-induced peroxidation of endothelial cell phospholipids and cytotoxicity

Abstract Peroxidation of endothelial cell phospholipids was examined following treatments with linoleic acid hydroperoxide. The treatment effects were analyzed over a range of toxicities and exposure intervals as determined by cell plating efficiencies and survival. Over the concentration ranges where lipid peroxidation was evident (20–40 μM treatments in complete medium), significant cytotoxicity was apparent after 1 h of exposure. The extent of toxicity was dependent on the time interval between the end of peroxide treatment and replating of cells. Maximum toxicity was found when cells were replated 1–3 h after treatment. When cells were replated 4 h after treatment a linear increase in cell survival was found as a function of replating time following peroxide exposure. Analysis of cell phospholipids by HPLC after 1 h of exposure to linoleic acid hydroperoxide revealed that peroxidation (evidenced by conjugated diene content) had taken place among a number of phospholipid species with the most marked increases in phosphatidylcholine. Analysis of the fatty acyl composition of phospholipids also showed that the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids were reduced relative to saturated fatty acids, indicating peroxidative damage to phospholipids. Pretreatment of cells with vitamin E prevented the peroxidation of all phospholipids and blocked the cytotoxic action of linoleic acid hydroperoxide. These findings indicate that an immediate cytotoxic action of lipid hydroperoxide is associated with peroxidation of membrane phospholipids. This cytotoxicity is a transient effect, and cells surviving the acute injury display a time-dependent increase in plating efficiency representing a period of repair.
Correlation and modeling of the occurrence of different crystalline forms of isotactic polypropylene as a function of cooling rate and uniaxial stress in thin and thick parts

A study of structure development in thin melt spun isotactic polypropylene filaments is described, which is then applied to the prediction of the behavior of thick parts. Conditions under which different crystalline forms of polypropylene are obtained as a function of cooling rate and spinline stress were investigated. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves are developed. This also allows us to develop a map of crystalline form as a function of these variables. We have applied the CCT curves and this map to predict the development of cross-sectional variation structure in thick filaments and rods. This is applied in particular to the quenching of a cylindrical rod and the structural characterizations observed through the cross section are compared with predictions from the CCT curves and solutions of Fourier's transient heat conduction equation.
Visualizing large-scale streaming applications

Stream processing is a new and important computing paradigm. Innovative streaming applications are being developed in areas ranging from scientific applications (for example, environment monitoring), to business intelligence (for example, fraud detection and trend analysis), to financial markets (for example, algorithmic trading systems). In this paper we describe Streamsight, a new visualization tool built to examine, monitor and help understand the dynamic behavior of streaming applications. Streamsight can handle the complex, distributed and large-scale nature of stream processing applications by using hierarchical graphs, multi-perspective visualizations, and de-cluttering strategies. To address the dynamic and adaptive nature of these applications, Streamsight also provides real-time visualization as well as the capability to record and replay. All these features are used for debugging, for performance optimization, and for management of resources, including capacity planning. More than 100 developers, both inside and outside IBM, have been using Streamsight to help design and implement large-scale stream processing applications.
Facial nerve management in cochlear implant surgery

Facial nerve injury and facial nerve stimulation are rare but important risks of cochlear implant surgery. Careful preoperative and intraoperative techniques can help minimize the possibility of facial nerve involvement in cochlear implantation. Meanwhile, judicious postoperative treatment can help minimize the impact of these disorders if either facial nerve injury or stimulation does occur.
Kinetics of deposition of pyrolytic carbon films from methane and carbon suboxide

Using an isothermal flow reactor of annular configuration, the rates of carbon deposition from CH4 and C3O2 have been measured over the respective temperature ranges, 1166°–1372°K and 900°–1025°K. Under the experimental conditions employed, deposition from both of these compounds is found to be controlled by their rates of unimolecular decomposition in the gas phase. Carbon deposition from C3O2 is inhibited by CO, in accordance with the postulated mechanism for C3O2 decomposition.
Automating Technical Libraries with Battelle's TECHLIB

An integrated library system specifically designed for technical libraries. TECHLIB supports: an online catalog, automated circulation, acquisitions, serials, cataloging, and management functions. Its functions, modular construction, and installation at Northrop Corporation, are described.
Microstructure and residual stress of very thin Mo films

Abstract Very thin sputtered Mo films ( thicknesses A ) have been investigated in order to gain a better understanding of the relationship between the development of microstructure, morphology and residual stress. Mo films were grown by planar magnetron sputtering (3 mTorr Ar) onto Si substrates with native oxide. Examination of a large number of Mo films using double crystal diffraction topography showed that a large compressive stress (~ 1 GPa) was accumulated in the thinnest films studied ( ~33 A ). The film stress relaxed with increasing thickness and eventually crossed over to the tensile regime. The microstructure of these films have been studied using two techniques, transmission electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray scattering. The evolution of microstructure in Mo films has been examined by monitoring the in-plane grain size as a function of film thickness, beginning with 33 A thick films. Both techniques showed that the grain width increased rapidly at the earliest stages of growth, but exhibited a slower increase in growth by thicknesses ~ 800 A .
Pattern formation in the Drosophila eye disc

Differentiation of the Drosophila compound eye from the eye imaginal disc is a progressive process: columns of cells successively differentiate in a posterior to anterior sequence, clusters of cells form at regularly spaced intervals within each column, and individual photoreceptors differentiate in a defined order within each cluster. The progression of differentiation across the eye disc is driven by a positive autoregulatory loop of expression of the secreted molecule Hedgehog, which is temporally delayed by the intercalation of a second signal, Spitz. Hedgehog refines the spatial position at which each column initiates its differentiation by inducing secondary signals that act over different ranges to control the expression of positive and negative regulators. The position of clusters within each column is controlled by secreted inhibitory signals from clusters in the preceding column, and a single founder neuron, R8, is singled out within each cluster by Notch-mediated lateral inhibition. R8 then sequentially recruits surrounding cells to differentiate by producing a short-range signal, Spitz, which induces a secondary short-range signal, Delta. Intrinsic transcription factors act in combination with these two signals to produce cell-type diversity within the ommatidium. The Hedgehog and Spitz signals are transported along the photoreceptor axons and reused within the brain as long-range and local cues to trigger the differentiation and assembly of target neurons.
The Effect of DNA Structure on the Catalytic Efficiency and Fidelity of Human DNA Polymerase β on Templates with Platinum-DNA Adducts

DNA adducts formed by platinum-based anticancer drugs interfere with DNA replication. The carrier ligand of the platinum compound is likely to affect the conformation of the Pt-DNA adducts. In addition, the conformation of the adduct can also change upon binding of damaged DNA to the active site of DNA polymerase. From the crystal structures of pol β ternary complexes it is evident that undamaged gapped and primed single-stranded (non-gapped) DNA templates exist in very different conformations when bound to pol β. Therefore, one might expect that the constraints imposed on the damaged templates by binding to the polymerase active site should also affect the conformation of the Pt-DNA adducts and their ability to inhibit DNA replication. In support of this hypothesis we have found that the efficiency, carrier ligand specificity, site of discrimination (3′-G versus 5′-G of the Pt-GG adducts), and fidelity of translesion synthesis past Pt-DNA adducts by pol β are strongly affected by the structure of the DNA template. Previous studies have suggested that the conformation of Pt-DNA adducts may be affected by the sequence context of the adduct. In support of this hypothesis, our data show that sequence context affects the efficiency, fidelity, and pattern of misincorporation by pol β.
Protein Dynamical Transition Does Not Require Protein Structure

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy shows that the protein dynamical transition, the rapid increase in protein dynamics occurring at $\ensuremath{\sim}200\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$, needs neither tertiary nor secondary structure. Further, short chain alanine studies find a dynamical transition down to penta-alanine, with no transition observed for di-alanine or tri-alanine. These results reveal the temperature dependence arises strictly from the side-chain interaction with the solvent. The lack of a transition for shorter chain peptides may indicate a qualitative change in this interaction occurs at a specific peptide chain length.
Ambiguity, measurability and multiple priors

The paper provides a notion of measurability for Multiple Prior Models characterized by nonatomic countably additive priors. A notable feature of our definition of measurability is that an event is measurable if and only if it is unambiguous in the sense of Ghirardato, Maccheroni and Marinacci [6]. In addition, the paper contains a thorough description of the basic properties of the family of measurable/unambiguous sets, of the measure defined on those and of the dependence of the class of measurable sets on the set of priors. The latter is obtained by means of an application of Lyapunov’s convexity theorem.
Vibrational spectra and assignments for 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutene-d0, -d1, and -d2

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra have been obtained in various physical states for 3,3,4,4-tetrafluorocyclobutene (TFCB) and its singly and doubly deuterated isotopic modifications. Vibrational fundamentals for TFCB are, in cm−1, (a1) 3152, 1564, 1350, 1162, 1034, 755, 500, 277; (a2)—, 957, ∼610, 348, 133; (b1) 3108, 1338, ∼1150, 1058, 730, 614, 431; (b2) 1155, 799, 366, 208. Comparably complete assignments of the fundamentals for the d1 and d2 isotopomers support these assignments. The ring puckering frequencies of 15 halogen-substituted cyclobutenes are compared. The ring puckering mode at 133 cm−1 for TFCB fits into the systematic dependence of the frequency of this mode on mass, location and extent of halogen substitution on the cyclobutene framework.
Integrating accounting and statistics: Forecasting, budgeting and production planning at the American telephone and telegraph company during the 1920s

Abstract Drawing on the scholarly perspectives of James R. Beniger and Alfred D. Chandler, we examine a long‐term process of firm‐specific learning at the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T). Extensive archival records reveal the firm's efforts to improve its informational resources for market planning, capital budgeting and production scheduling in the 1920s. These initiatives were meant to minimise the likelihood of a repetition of the financial crisis that nearly drove AT&T into bankruptcy in 1906–07. The informational innovation was costly as it required specialised human capital, the identification of suitable metrics corresponding to underlying business processes and the integration of these metrics within the elements of a complex firm. Such a transformation developed more reliable forecasting of future demand for telecommunication services. Central to this process was the adaptation of new econometric methodologies for predicting business cycle fluctuations and the integration of these...
A new approach to analysis of the impulse response function (IRF) in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCEMRI): a simulation study.

The purpose of this research was to develop a novel numerical procedure to deconvolute arterial input function from contrast concentration vs. time curves and to obtain the impulse response functions from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI data. Numerical simulations were performed to study variations of contrast concentration vs. time curves and the corresponding impulse response functions. The simulated contrast media concentration curves were generated by varying the parameters of an empirical mathematical model within reasonable ranges based on a previous experimental study. The arterial input function was calculated from plots of contrast media concentration vs. time in muscle under assumption that they are well approximated by the two-compartment model. A general simple mathematical model of the impulse response function was developed and the physiological meaning of the model parameters was determined by comparing them with the widely accepted ‘two compartment model’. The results demonstrate that the deconvolution procedure developed in this research is a simple, robust, and useful technique. In addition, ‘impulse response analysis’ leads to the derivation of novel parameters relating to tumor vascular architecture, and these new parameters may have clinical utility.