cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Time Makes a Difference: Addressing Ergodicity and Complexity in Education

The detection of complexity in behavioral outcomes often requires an estimation of their variability over a prolonged time spectrum to assess processes of stability and transformation. Conventional scholarship typically relies on snapshots to analyze those outcomes, assuming that group means and their associated standard deviations, computed across individuals, are sufficient to characterize the educational outcomes that inform policy, and that time does not matter in this context. In its statistically abstract form, the assumption that you can rely on snapshots is referred to as the ergodicity assumption. This paper argues that ergodicity cannot be taken for granted in educational data. The first section discusses artificially generated time series trajectories to illustrate ergodicity (white noise) and three types of non-ergodicity: short-term correlations between observations, long-term correlations (pink noise) and infinite correlations (Brownian motion). A second section presents daily attendance data observed in two urban high schools over a seven year period to show that these data are non-ergodic and suggest complexity. These findings offer a counter-example to the efficacy of using time-independent measures (‘snapshots’) to measure educational outcomes.
Anomalous Transport of Penetrants in Polymeric Membranes

The fundamental study of small organic molecule transport in polymers has been actively pursued for more than two decades(1). These investigations have included a wide variety of polymers and penetrants over a broad range of experimental conditions. Many investigators were concerned with a specific transport feature which they implicitly suggested was characteristic of the given polymer-penetrant pair. These classes of behavior include: Poiseuille or Pore Flow(2) Concentration Independent Fickian Diffusion(3) Concentration Dependent Fickian Diffusion(4,5,6,7) Time Dependent Diffusion Anomalies(8,9,10) Case II Transport(11,12,13,14,15,16) Solvent Crazing-Stress Cracking(10,13,14,17,18,19,20)
Valvular performance and aortic regurgitation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement using Edwards valve versus CoreValve for severe aortic stenosis: A Meta-analysis.

Abstract Objectives To compare incidence of aortic regurgitation (AR), paravalvular AR and valvular performance with Doppler hemodynamic parameters following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with Edwards valve (EV) versus CoreValve (CV). Currently, there are scarce data on post-TAVR echocardiographic outcomes comparing EV and CV. Methods PubMed and the Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials were searched through May 2015. Twenty studies (n=11,244) comparing TAVR procedure that used EV (n=6445) and CV (n=4799) were included. End points were post-TAVR moderate to severe AR and paravalvular AR, effective orifice area (EOA), mean trans-aortic pressure gradient (MPG), peak trans-aortic pressure gradient (PPG) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The mean difference (MD) or relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was computed and p Results Moderate to severe AR and paravalvular AR were significantly lower in EV group (RR: 0.57, CI: 0.52–0.63, p . EOA and PPG were not significantly different between EV and CV groups. MPG was significantly lower among patients in CV group (MD: 1.08, CI: 0.05–2.10, p=0.04). LVEF was significantly higher in patients in EV group (MD: 2.26, CI: 0.77–3.74, p=0.03) . Conclusions This study showed CV is associated with higher incidence of post-TAVR moderate to severe paravalvular AR. Echocardiographic valvular performance measures (MPG, LVEF) showed minimal but significant difference, which may not be clinically significant.
A snapshot of the subject matter of computing ethics

This paper describes a content analysis study that analyzed the subject matter of computing ethics. The purpose of the study was to begin the process of providing a coherent concept of the subject matter of computing ethics. The snapshot presented is based on article titles from four prominent journals with a computing ethics scope. This paper discusses subject matter themes that emerged from the article data. The most dominant subject matter themes were privacy, information and communication technologies, and design and development.
Metastasis from a pedunculated adenomatous colonic polyp with focally invasive carcinoma: Report of a case

A patient who had metastasis from a focus of invasive carcinoma confined to the head of an otherwise benign pedunculated adenomatous polyp of the sigmoid colon is described. That only 20 such cases have been reported previously attests to the rarity of this phenomenon. Because the morbidity and mortality of radical surgery far outweigh the liklihood of metastasis from such foci of invasive carcinoma in pedunculated adenomatous colonic polyps, local removal is recommended.
An Improved Method of Determining Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for Dilute Organics in Aqueous Solution

Chromatographic quantitative analyses of aqueous samples containing dilute concentrations of organic solutes are frequently confounded by sorption phenomena, particularly for vapor samples and aged syringes. A novel apparatus was developed for overcoming this problem; it utilizes continual circulation of gas through a thermostated syringe for sampling, followed by a needleless injection into the chromatograph. Precision and reproducibility well under 0.5% can be obtained in this way. This method was applied to a determination of the solubility of isopentyl acetate in water (2600 ppm) by following the equilibrium vapor response for increasing liquid concentrations. It was also used to determine equilibrium partition coefficients for C1-C5 n-acetates between air and water, over a range of temperatures from 25 to 40 degrees C.
Role of bilayer characteristics on the structural fate of aβ(1-40) and aβ(25-40).

The β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is derived from the transmembrane (TM) helix of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and has been shown to interact with membrane surfaces. To understand better the role of peptide–membrane interactions in cell death and ultimately in Alzheimer’s disease, a better understanding of how membrane characteristics affect the binding, solvation, and secondary structure of Aβ is needed. Employing a combination of circular dichroism and deep-UV resonance Raman spectroscopies, Aβ(25–40) was found to fold spontaneously upon association with anionic lipid bilayers. The hydrophobic portion of the disease-related Aβ(1–40) peptide, Aβ(25–40), has often been used as a model for how its legacy TM region may behave structurally in aqueous solvents and during membrane encounters. The structure of the membrane-associated Aβ(25–40) peptide was found to depend on both the hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer and the duration of incubation. Similarly, the disease-related Aβ(1–40) peptide also spontane...
Multiple-Image Oil Film Interferometry

The beneflts of using multiple oil-fllm interferograms to determine wall shear stress in ∞ows with spatially varying shear stress is considered. The data acquired when optical access to a test surface is available is described, and three methods for analyzing this data are presented: single-image analysis, dual-image analysis, and multiple image analysis. When applied to numerically generated oil fllm distributions, all three methods are shown to be highly accurate. However, when applied to actual data acquired in a boundary layer, the three methods results diverge. The single image analysis approach yields the results that would be expected, whereas the dual and multiple image approaches exhibit signiflcant error. The sources behind this unexpected error have not been determined at this point.
ESTIMATION OF SINGLE GENERATION MIGRATION DISTANCES FROM GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN ANIMAL MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

A new approach is introduced for the analysis of dispersal from the geographic distributions of mtDNA lineages. The method is based on the expected spatial distributions of lineages arising under a multigeneration random walk process. Unlike previous methods based on the predicted equilibria between genetic drift and gene flow, this approach is appropriate for non-equilibrium conditions, and yields an estimate of dispersal distance rather than dispersal rate. The theoretical basis for this method is examined, and an analysis of mtDNA restriction site data for Peromyscus maniculatus is presented as an example of how this approach can be applied to empirical data.
Maintenance of the Literary and Artistic Charm of Sexual Instinct

Although maintenance of the literary and artistic charm of sexual instinct encounters cool detachment and avoidance in Chinese literary context,it is still an essential driving power of culture in human literary life.The roles of direct empathy and indirect empathy make literature and art with having a strong instinctive guiding power.Neither can we exaggerate the power,nor ignore it.
Determining the water yield from tube-well for water supply

The conception and theory basis of water yield from deep well are analyzed and discussed. The scientific and reasonable design is very important. Avoiding excessively pumping is the key factor for the operation from maintains of tube well, and it will contribute to prolong the lifetime of the tube-well. The design of water yield from the tube-well has been explained through the example of water resource in Barapukia power plant.
Therapy of affective disorders.

SUMMARY The key to the proper treatment of affective disorder is a correct diagnosis of the subtype of depressive illness. Thus, primary treatment recommendations include the TCAs for a depressive episode; ECT for a depressive episode with psychotic features; and MAOIs for dysthymic disorder and atypical depressive episodes. Nonresponding patients are treated with either lithium augmentation of TCA therapy, an MAOI, or ECT. Second-generation antidepressants are not usually indicated as initial treatments. They are recommended in situations in which their adverse-effect profiles offer significant advantages over TCAs in an individual patient. Second-generation antidepressants have not been extensively studied in patients who do not respond to TCAs. Maintenance antidepressant may be necessary to prevent recurrent depressive episodes. Lithium remains the mainstay of acute treatment of mania and for prophylaxis of subsequent affective episodes. In lithium-refractory or lithium-intolerant patients, carbamazepine is recommended. Valproic acid and verapamil have been useful, primarily in patients who do not respond to lithium and carbamazepine.
An overview of three-dimensional braiding technologies

Abstract The chapter starts with a brief introduction into braiding technology and establishing principal distinctions between three-dimensional (3D) braiding on one side and two-dimensional (2D) braiding on the other that leads to a simple differentiation principle between 3D and 2D braided fabrics. Then, a detailed overview of the historic origins and major developments in the field of 3D braiding processes and machines is presented. It starts with a more popular “row-and-column” 3D braiding branch, analyzes it in a historic retrospect, and emphasizes major accomplishments and persisting problems. After that, a detailed historic overview of a historically more obscure “rotary” (or “horngear”) 3D braiding branch is presented. Second part of the chapter is focused on the recent 3D rotary braiding advancements, particularly on the main innovations in the rotary braiding methods and novel machine developments, which resulted in a breakthrough of 3D braiding technology. Some novel 3D braided preforms and composites are discussed. Mechanical properties of different 3D braided composites are compared in the final section. The achievements and persisting technical issues associated with 3D braiding in general, and 3D rotary braiding in particular, are summarized in the closing remarks.
Evaluating Online Global Recovery with Fenix Using Application-Aware In-Memory Checkpointing Techniques

Exascale systems promise the potential for computation atunprecedented scales and resolutions, but achieving exascale by theend of this decade presents significant challenges. A key challenge isdue to the very large number of cores and components and the resultingmean time between failures (MTBF) in the order of hours orminutes. Since the typical run times of target scientific applicationsare longer than this MTBF, fault tolerance techniques will beessential. An important class of failures that must be addressed isprocess or node failures. While checkpoint/restart (C/R) is currentlythe most widely accepted technique for addressing processor failures, coordinated, stable-storage-based global C/R might be unfeasible atexascale when the time to checkpoint exceeds the expected MTBF. This paper explores transparent recovery via implicitly coordinated, diskless, application-driven checkpointing as a way to tolerateprocess failures in MPI applications at exascale. The discussedapproach leverages User Level Failure Mitigation (ULFM), which isbeing proposed as an MPI extension to allow applications to createpolicies for tolerating process failures. Specifically, this paper demonstrates how different implementations ofapplication-driven in-memory checkpoint storage and recovery comparein terms of performance and scalability. We also experimentally evaluate the effectiveness and scalability ofthe Fenix online global recovery framework on a production system -- the Titan Cray XK7 at ORNL -- and demonstrate the ability of Fenix totolerate dynamically injected failures using the execution of fourbenchmarks and mini-applications with different behaviors.
Association between orthopaedic in-training examination subsection scores and ABOS Part I examination performance

Objectives The Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) is administered yearly to assess a resident's progression, compare his or her performance with that of other residents, and evaluate the educational structure of a residency program. The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part I examination is used to ensure competence in orthopedic knowledge and must be passed to achieve certification. Previous studies have correlated OITE and ABOS performance, but analysis between OITE subsection performance and ABOS Part I examination performance has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between individual OITE subsection performance and overall ABOS Part I performance. Methods Performance on the 12 subsections comprising the OITE from 1999 to 2009 was evaluated and compared with overall ABOS Part I examination performance. Spearman correlation coefficients (SCCs) were used to quantify the association between OITE subsection and overall ABOS percentile ranks. Results The OITE subsections of musculoskeletal trauma (SCC 0.29; P = 0.0002), hip and knee reconstruction (SCC 0.21; P = 0.0064), spine (SCC 0.16; P = 0.04), orthopedic science (SCC 0.17; P = 0.03), and orthopedic disease (SCC 0.18; P = 0.02) correlated with ABOS percentile ranks. Five of the top seven subsections by question volume on the OITE were found to correlate with ABOS performance. Conclusions OITE subsections with greater representation and breadth of subject matter had stronger performance correlations with ABOS Part I examination performance. These findings may allow residency training programs to better predict ABOS Part I performance of their residents by evaluating particular subsections on the OITE in addition to overall OITE performance.
Impact of glyphosate‐resistant sugar beet

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) sugar beet became commercially available to US sugar beet growers in 2008 and was rapidly adopted. Prior to the availability of GR sugar beet, growers would commonly make 3-5 herbicide applications. This often resulted in some crop injury, but was accepted to reduce the impact of weeds. In addition, non-GR sugar beet was cultivated 1-3 times and often followed by hand weeding. The introduction of GR sugar beet drastically reduced the complexity of weed management. Concerns about GR weeds in the United States also apply to sugar beet growers. Changes in weed management strategies will be required to keep this technology. Sugar beet is arguably one of the most suitable crops for GR technology because: (1) none of the herbicides registered for use in this crop was very effective without risking crop injury; (2) sugar beet cannot be grown in the same field year after year owing to disease concerns and thus requires a 3-4 year rotation; (3) pollen-mediated gene flow is negligible from the sugar beet crop because it is a biennial and harvested before it flowers; (4) the processing of harvested roots to extract the sucrose rapidly degrades the DNA in the extracted raw juice and subsequent refining so that no DNA is present in the finished sugar; (5) studies have shown that processed GR beet sugar is identical to non-GR beet sugar, as well as cane sugar. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Thermal-Hydraulics of a Boiling Water Nuclear Reactor

(1978). The Thermal-Hydraulics of a Boiling Water Nuclear Reactor. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 67, No. 1, pp. 137-138.
Laboratory-Scale Flight Characterization of a Multitethered Aerostat for Wind Energy Generation

Tethered lifting bodies have attracted significant attention from surveillance, communications, and (most recently) wind energy domains. As with many aerospace systems, the costs of full-scale test...
Optimal Control of Stochastic Singularly Perturbed Systems with Exponentiated Quadratic Cost

Abstract The optimal control of singularly perturbed stochastic linear systems with exponentiated quadratic cost is studied under perfect state measurements. Both finite and infinite horizon formulations are addressed, and particular focus is given to the issues of robustness of the solution to unmodeled fast dynamics, and robustness to the precise value of a singular perturbation parameter (say, ∊). An ∊-independent control is constructed by solving two separate (slow and fast) optimal control problems, and combining the optimal controls of these two problems. It is shown that this composite controller achieves a performance level close to the optimal one whenever the full-order problem has a solution. The slow controller, on the other hand, achieves a finite performance level, with some degradation from the optimal one, whenever the fast subsystem is open-loop stable. It is further shown that if the intensity of the noise in the system dynamics decreases to zero, the slow controller also yields a performance close to the optimal one. The paper also delineates the link between this problem with a positively exponentiated cost and a class of deterministic singularly perturbed H ∞ -optimal control problems.
Index Codes for Tape Recorded Texts.

Five 6-character tonal index codes were compared for ease of learning using sighted college students as subjects. Each character of all codes was composed of one or two elements. The elements used ...
Management of parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal space infections

Deep neck space infection is a relatively common condition with potentially catastrophic, life-threatening complications. A detailed understanding of the topography of the neck, relationships between compartments of the neck, and the propagation of infection is essential for accurate assessment and formulation of a propitious and timely treatment plan. This article focuses on approaches to the deepest spaces in the anterior neck—the parapharyngeal space and retropharyngeal space (RPS). Treatment starts with assessment and assurance of a safe, stable airway, broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, and contrasted imaging to formulate a surgical plan. The parapharyngeal space and retropharyngeal space may be approached transorally or transcervically. Sound surgical principles, namely wide incision and dependent drainage, may prevent the further spread and associated morbidity.
Drug‐coated balloons: “Do they still have a role in treating coronary artery disease?”

Small vessels with coronary artery disease (CAD) are at high risk of restenosis, despite the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs). Drug-coated balloon (DCB) therapy offers a viable alternative to DESs for the management of small vessel CAD. The literature regarding the use of DCBs in lieu of the newer generation DESs to treat small vessel CAD is controversial.
A stochastic cellular automata model of tautomer equilibria

Many chemical substances, including drugs and biomolecules, exist in solution not as a single species, but as a collection of tautomers and related species. Importantly, each of these speci...
Correlates of specialty substance use treatment among adults with opioid use disorders

Abstract Aims To identify factors associated with the receipt of specialty substance use treatment among adults with opioid use disorders (OUD). Design Cross-sectional study based on 2010–2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Setting and participants Adults with a past-year OUD (n = 2488). The sample is representative of non-institutionalized US adults. Measurements Past-year OUD was determined using DSM-IV criteria. Past-year specialty substance use treatment was defined as receiving treatment for drug use at any of the following locations: rehabilitation facilities, hospitals (inpatient only), outpatient mental health centers, private doctors' offices, or methadone clinics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to measure the independent association between potential correlates and specialty substance use treatment receipt. Findings Of adults with an OUD, 8.3% received past-year specialty substance use treatment. In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, the following factors were associated with increased odds of receiving specialty substance use treatment: ≥ 35 years old (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.55, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.04–6.26); unemployment (aOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.02–3.61); not in the labor force (aOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.15–4.06); never been married (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.04–4.39); arrested in past 12 months (aOR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.45–7.99); opioid dependence (aOR = 3.82, 95% CI = 2.06–7.10); alcohol use disorder (aOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.44–4.11); and another drug use disorder (aOR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.95–5.32). Living in a non-metropolitan county (aOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.12–0.68) and fair/poor health (aOR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.17–0.86) were associated with decreased odds of receiving specialty substance use treatment. Conclusions These findings suggest a need for the following efforts: strategies to increase individuals' recognition of their need for OUD treatment, expansion of insurance coverage for substance use treatment, expansion of earlier intervention services, adoption of a chronic care approach to substance use treatment, and an expansion of treatment capacity for rural communities.
Determining Sample Size Using Fast and Slow Thinking

Using SPSS's bootstrapping procedures, this article demonstrates an approach to determining sample size that combines fast (heuristics or rules-of-thumb) and slow (statistical power analysis) think...
Concurrent gut transcriptome and microbiota profiling following chronic ethanol consumption in nonhuman primates

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) results in increased intestinal permeability, nutrient malabsorption, and increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these ...
Not so sterile after all: The endomicrobiome of plerocercoids of the cestode parasiteSchistocephalus solidusand changes to the microbiome of its Threespine Stickleback host

Despite the growing recognition of the role of bacteria in animal biology, the microbiome of parasites remains largely unexplored. In particular, the presence of bacteria in tapeworms has never been investigated and parasites that exit the intestine would be considered sterile. We characterized for the first time the microbiome of a tapeworm. Schistocephalus solidus plerocercoids, collected from the body cavity of its stickleback host, were found to harbor a complex microbiome. The most abundant and the most prevalent bacteria was Polynucleobacter sp.. In addition, S. solidus infection was associated significant changes in the stickleback host gut microbiome with an increase in microbial load and changes in diversity and composition. Finally, the same bacteria were often found in S. solidus and the stomach and intestine of the corresponding hosts, a result that highlights the importance of characterizing the microbiome of host tissues and parasites from the same individuals to assess the potential for horizontal transmission of microbes. This study clearly emphasizes the need for further characterization of the microbiome of a broad range of parasites and for studies to determine the ecological, evolutionary and functional role that microbes play in host-parasite interactions.
Integral Evaluation with Mellin Transforms

In this chapter I continue the development of techniques for evaluating the wavenumber integrals in turbulence propagation theory. With appropriate normalization, the wavenumber (K) integration can be expressed in a standard form depending only on zero, one, or more parameters. If no parameters are present, the integration is performed simply by table lookup as was done in the last chapter. The one parameter case requires a transformation of the integral into the complex plane that is subsequently evaluated by pole-residue techniques. Details of this process are considered in this chapter. Integrals with more than one parameter are evaluated by extensions of this technique and are considered in Chap. 11. Tatarski considered the evaluation of one-parameter integrals in which inner scale was finite. He expanded the function that multiplies the decaying exponential, which contains the inner scale, into a Taylor series, and integrated term by term. Since the integral over each term of the power series converges absolutely, this method is valid. Tatarski expressed the resulting power series as a hypergeometric function. His approach does not always work with zero inner scale and restricts the range of problems that can be solved. This limitation does not apply to the technique discussed here. The integrals evaluated here are of the form $$I = \int\limits_0^\infty {xd{x^a}\,f(b{x_c})} g(d{x^e})$$ where f (x) and g (x) are Meijer’s G-functions, a special case of which are generalized hypergeometric functions. The only restriction on a, b, c, d, and e is that the integral converges. Sometimes it will be required that d c /b e ≠ 1.
Bioassays for Measuring Quality of Insect Food

Measurement of food quality requires evaluation of the effects of a diet on physiological processes that maximize progeny production and survival, the key parameters of fitness (Williams, 1966). Slansky (1982) suggested that the amount, rate, and quality of food consumed by larvae affected growth rate, developmental time, final body weight, movement, and survival. Amount, rate, and quality of food for adults influence fecundity, longevity, movement, and competitive ability. Larval food quality may additionally affect pupal and adult phenotypic characteristics. Obvious effects of inadequate larval diets are pupal distortions and wing malformations in the imago. For example, such effects characterize the toxicity of L-canavanine to Manduca sexta L., the tobacco hornworm (Rosenthal and Dahlman, 1975).
Translational control of gene expression mediated by the 3' untranslated region of Barley yellow dwarf virus

iv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2. SEPARATE DOMAINS IN THE BARLEY YELLOW 29 DWARF LUTEO VIRUS 3' UTR CONFER CAP-INDEPENDENT AND POLY(A)INDEPENDENT TRANSLATION CHAPTER 3. INTERACTION OF CAP-BINDING FACTORS WITH 69 THE 3 ' END OF AN UNCAPPED VIRAL RNA CHAPTER 4. CONSERVED RNA STRUCTURES AND SEQUENCES 97 IN THE 3' UTR OF BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ARE REQUIRED FOR REPLICATION AND TRANSLATION CHAPTER 5. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 131 APPENDIX A. DEVELOPMENT OF TOEPRINTING METHODS 152 TO ASSESS RIBOSOME BINDING TO BYDV RNA APPENDIX B. EVIDENCE THAT 4E MAY BE RECRUITED TO 163 THE BYDV 5' UTR ABBREVIATIONS 164 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 167
Estimating Dust Input to the Atlantic Ocean Using Surface Water Aluminium Concentrations

To understand the relationship between dust deposition and geochemically-linked biological processes, it is necessary to characterise the magnitude and location of dust deposition to the surface of the ocean. A simple model is presented to estimate the mineral dust deposition to the surface waters of the Atlantic Ocean. In the model, we assume that the dissolved aluminium (Al) in the surface waters is a steady state feature in which Al supply from the partial dissolution of incoming mineral dust balances its scavenging removal by biological processes. The model predictions are in good agreement with a wide range of measured mineral dust inputs at diverse locations in the Atlantic Ocean. The success of the model suggests that surface ocean Al distributions can be used to estimate the mineral deposition in remote regions of the ocean where logistics preclude direct measurements.
Localization of human sarcoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody. A preliminary study.

The early localization of recurrent or metastatic sarcoma remains a challenging clinical problem. 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody (Mab) 19–24, produced in our laboratories against a human malignant fibrous histiocytoma, has been evaluated for detection of locally recurrent or metastatic disease in selected sarcoma patients. In vitro testing indicated various degrees of positive Mab reactivity with most sarcoma types, and low but significant reactivity with some nonsarcoma tumors and several normal tissues, including liver. The iodine-labeled Mab had an immunoreactivity of 90% and a high binding constant (8.1×109M−1). Biodistribution studies of radioisotope in sarcoma patients showed rapid clearance of radiolabeled from the blood and uptake in tumor deposits, liver, and spleen. A differential in radioactivity kinetics between liver and tumor was also found. Serial patient scanning determined optimal imaging time to be between 24 and 48 h after i.v. infusion of the radiolabeled Mab. Analysis of tissues obtained during surgery (including a dual antibody-label study using a nonspecific Mab) showed selective localization of the Mab into the sarcoma deposits. Radiolabeled Mab shows potential as a clinically useful tool for localization of sarcoma deposits.
Trade-Offs in Firm Culture? Nope, You Can Have it All

A firm can exhibit many “good” cultural values, for example collaboration, integrity, or ambition. Influential theories of corporate culture claim that firms must choose which cultural values to foster because of inherent trade-offs between them. This paper tests this proposition using a new survey of managers (370 firms, averaging 27 respondents each). We find no evidence of trade-offs. To the contrary, we find that firms that score higher on one cultural value also tend to score higher on others. Our findings suggest that any inherent trade-offs are outweighed by the ability of good management practices to help a firm excel across many cultural values.
Genetic inactivation of the phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 in mice protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury.

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is a multifunctional enzyme that serves important antioxidant roles by scavenging hydroperoxides and reducing peroxidized cell membranes. Prdx6 also plays a key role in cell...
Controversies in exertional heat stroke diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

During the past several decades, the incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS) has increased dramatically. Despite an improved understanding of this syndrome, numerous controversies still exist wit...
Surgical Specialty and Case Number May Influence Surgeon Workload

Studies utilizing a systems perspective show that individual work system elements impact surgeon workload. However, limited work has shown how multiple elements together can affect perceived worklo...
Anastomosis Viability Assessment in Colorectal Surgery

Anastomotic leak remains one of the most dreaded complications in colorectal surgery and is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. While the risk for anastomotic leak is multifactorial and may not be totally eliminated, there has been much evidence that intraoperative fluorescence angiography is a safe and easy technique by which the incidence of anastomotic leaks can be reduced. We will review the risk factors for anastomotic leak, the technique of fluorescence angiography, and significant publications on this topic.
Morphology and performance of the 'trap-jaw' cheliceral strikes in spiders (Araneae, Mecysmaucheniidae).

Mecysmaucheniidae spiders have evolved ultra-fast cheliceral strikes four times independently. The mechanism for producing these high-speed strikes is likely due to a latch/spring system that allows for stored energy to be rapidly released. This study examines two different sister-lineages: Zearchaea has ultra-fast cheliceral strikes and Aotearoa, based on external morphology, is hypothesized to have slower strikes. Using high-speed videography, I gather kinematic data on each taxon and test the hypothesis that external morphology predicts cheliceral strike performance. Then, using histology and data from µ-Computed-Technology scanning I ask whether internal muscle morphologies also correspond to performance differences. Results from high-speed video analysis reveal that Zearchaea sp. achieves peak angular velocities of 25.0±4.8 x 103 rad s−1 (mean±standard deviation) in durations of 0.0843±0.017 ms. The fastest recorded strike had a peak angular and linear velocity of 30.8 x 103 rad s−1 and 18.2 m s−1, respectively. The slower striking sister-species, Aotearoa magna, was three orders of magnitude slower in velocity and longer in duration. Histology revealed sarcomere length differences, with some muscles specialized to be slow and forceful, and others to be fast and non-forceful. 3D printed models reveal structural differences that explain how the chelicerae hinge open and closed. Combining all of this evidence I put forth a hypothesis for the ultra-fast trap-jaw mechanism. This research documents the morphological shifts that accompany ultra-fast movements and result in increased rotation in joints and increased muscle specialization.
Design of bandgaps in photonic crystals

Abstract We identify explicit conditions on geometry and material contrast for creating band gaps in 2D photonic and 3D acoustic crystals made from composites. This approach is new and makes use of the electrostatic and quasiperiodic source-free resonances of the crystal. The source-free modes deliver a spectral representation for solution operators associated with propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves inside periodic high-contrast media. This approach is motivated by the analytic representation method introduced in the seminal papers [3] , [25] , developed for bounds on effective properties of composite materials. The analytic method developed here is used for bounding passbands and stop bands for photonic and phononic composite materials. The bounds are explicit and include geometric and spectral information on the geometry of the included phase. These parameters deliver conditions sufficient for opening band gaps at finite contrast. The theory provides a systematic means for the identification of photonic and phononic band gaps within a specified frequency range.
CONTRASTING PROPERTIES OF MICROSOMAL CYTOCHROME P-450: CHARACTERIZATION OF A CONSTITUTIVE FORM OF THE CYTOCHROME

A form of cytochrome P-450, form 3, was isolated from liver microsomes of untreated rabbits. This cytochrome was compared to three highly purified, inducible forms of cytochrome P-450, forms 2,4, and 6, previously isolated in this laboratory and shown to differ by electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and specific immunoreactivity. Since form 3 is distinguished from forms 2,4, and 6 by these criteria, is highly purified, and appears to occur naturally, this cytochrome represents one of the multiple forms of rabbit microsomal cytochrome P-450.
Pelvic Binder Utilization in Combat Casualties: Does It Matter?

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the utilization of pelvic binders, the proper placement of binders, and to determine any differences in blood product transfusions between comb...
Just a Buzzword? The use of Concepts and Ideas in Educational Governance

In this article, a study of combined discursive emphasis on the concepts “culture for learning” and “learning outcomes” in recent education policy messages is presented. These concepts have been in...
Lower Cumulative Antiretroviral Exposure in People Living with Hiv and Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer and developing more non-AIDS comorbidities, which negatively impact antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS) is a novel pharmacologic measure of cumulative ART adherence that is predictive of viral suppression and future viremia. However, the relationship between non-AIDS comorbidities and this adherence measure is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between 3 non-AIDS comorbidities (diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) and TFV-DP in DBS in PLWH. METHODS Blood for TFV-DP in DBS and HIV viral load was prospectively collected from PLWH on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for up to 3 times over 48 weeks. Non-AIDS comorbidities were recorded. Mixed effect multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the changes in TFV-DP concentrations in DBS according to the presence of comorbidities and to estimate the percent differences in TFV-DP concentrations between these groups. RESULTS A total of 1144 person-visits derived from 523 participants with available concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS were included in this analysis. In univariate analysis, no significant association between non-AIDS comorbidities (categorized as having 0, 1, 2, or 3 comorbidities) and the concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS was observed (P = 0.40). Participants who had DM had 25% lower (95% confidence interval: -36% to -12%; P < 0.001) TFV-DP in DBS than participants without DM after adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, CD4 T-cell count, hematocrit, ART class, patient-level medication regimen complexity index, and 3-month self-reported adherence. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic PLWH have lower concentrations of TFV-DP in DBS compared with those without DM. Further research is required to identify the clinical implications and biological mechanisms underlying these findings.
Effects of Inhaled Epoprostenol and Prone Positioning in Intubated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients With Refractory Hypoxemia

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of inhaled epoprostenol and prone positioning, individually and in combination in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and refractory hypoxemia.
Reynolds stress tensor and pressure-related turbulence transport terms measured by time-resolved tomographic-PIV

Turbulence is inherently a three-dimensional and time dependent flow phenomenon (Pope, 2001). Because of the ubiquitous existence of turbulent flows in nature, accurate characterization of turbulent flows, either through experimental measurements or through direct numerical simulations, is of paramount importance for modeling turbulence (Liu and Katz, 2018). Since its inception in 1984 (Adrian, 1984), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), among several other conventional techniques used for turbulence measurements, has been a valuable tool for providing reliable experimental data for turbulence research. Several advancements in hardware such as high-speed cameras, together with innovative algorithms and procedures, have extended the scope of PIV to a variety of applications. Westerweel et al. (2013) point out in a recent review article that one of the main advantages of the PIV measurement is its unique ability in measuring quantitatively spatial derivatives of the flow field. With the development of Tomographic PIV introduced by Elsinga et al. (2006), it is now possible to measure simultaneously the distributions of three velocity components in a three-dimensional flow field, thus enabling us to measure all the velocity derivatives of a turbulent flow. However, for a thorough characterization of a turbulent flow, in addition to the velocity gradients, the instantaneous pressure distribution in the 3D flow field also needs to be measured.
Primary-caregiving fathers in intact families.

In the past two decades fathers have been “discovered” by both child development researchers and the mass media. There is now a voluminous literature in professional journals on various aspects of fathering. In magazines, newspapers, and television programs, stories abound about the “new father” and his role in the home. In contrast to a focus on father-absent families as in earlier decades, the emphasis today is on father-present families. This change implies not that studies and stories of single-parent homes have disappeared, but that there has been a major augmentation of interest in the two-parent family and, particularly, in the father’s role beyond that of “breadwinner” and source of support for the mother.
The receptor-like kinases GSO1 and GSO2 together regulate root growth in arabidopsis through control of cell division and cell fate specification

Background: The root apical meristem of Arabidopsis is established post-embryonically as the main source of root cells, and its activity is maintained by complex bidirectional signaling between stem cells and mature cells. The receptor-like kinases GASSHO1 (GSO1) and GSO2 have been shown to regulate aerial epidermal function and seedling growth in Arabidopsis. Results: Here we show that gso1; gso2 seedlings also have root growth and patterning defects. Analyses of mutant root morphology indicate abnormal numbers of cells in longitudinal files and radial cell layers, as well as aberrant stem cell division planes. gso1; gso2 double mutants misexpress markers for stem cells and differentiated root cell types. In addition, gso1; gso2 root growth defects, but not marker missexpression or patterning phenotypes, are rescued by growth on media containing metabolizable sugars. Conclusions: We conclude that GSO1 and GSO2 function together in intercellular signaling to positively regulate cell proliferation, differentiation of root cell types, and stem cell identity. In addition, GSO1 and GSO2 control seedling root growth by modulating sucrose response after germination. Developmental Dynamics 243:257–278, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapeutic Agents Acting on RNA Targets

There are many therapeutics that target RNA, such as streptomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline; some of them have been in existence for many years. All of them bind to ribosomal RNA and alter normal ribosome function. The modern strategies of drug discovery and design pertain nearly exclusively to protein targets. However, the field of drug discovery for RNA targets is maturing rapidly, largely due to the exciting ribosome/drug complexes that have recently been solved. Potential RNA drug targets abound for bacterial, viral, and cellular systems. Nevertheless, questions remain as to whether or not compounds can be found that simultaneously satisfy RNA binding and pharmacological properties, such as absorption and membrane permeation. The range of interactions observed, from Coulombic to hydrophobic, and the predicted “drug-like” qualities of several ribosome binding antibiotics, suggest that the discovery of drugs that target RNA can be a general phenomenon. Keywords: aminoglycosides; antibiotics; drug discovery; erythromycin; oxazolidinones; ribosome; tetracyclines
Alteration of epidermal growth factor receptor activity by mutation of its primary carboxyl-terminal site of tyrosine self-phosphorylation.

Abstract The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, which exhibits intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity, undergoes a rapid, intramolecular self-phosphorylation reaction following EGF activation. The primary sites of tyrosine self-phosphorylation in vivo are located in the extreme carboxyl-terminal region of the molecule, principally Tyr-1173. To test the biological and biochemical consequences of this EGF receptor self-phosphorylation, we made the mutation Tyr----Phe-1173. Membranes containing the mutated receptor exhibited an ED50 for EGF activation of tyrosine kinase activity equivalent to control receptor at both high and low substrate levels, but exhibited reduced basal and EGF-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity at low, non-saturating substrate levels. The Tyr----Phe-1173 mutant possessed high affinity EGF binding and could still self-phosphorylate other tyrosine sites in an intramolecular fashion with a low Km for ATP (200 nM), suggesting that this alteration did not grossly change receptor structure. When EGF-dependent growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing comparable levels of control or mutant EGF receptor was measured, the ability of the mutant receptor to mediate cell growth in response to EGF was reduced by approximately 50%, yet both receptors exhibited a similar affinity and ED50 for EGF. These results support the concept that this self-phosphorylation site can act as a competitive/alternate substrate for the EGF receptor, and that this region of the molecule is important in modulating its maximal biological activity.
Identification and distribution of the NBS-LRR gene family in the Cassava genome

Plant resistance genes (R genes) exist in large families and usually contain both a nucleotide-binding site domain and a leucine-rich repeat domain, denoted NBS-LRR. The genome sequence of cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a valuable resource for analysing the genomic organization of resistance genes in this crop. With searches for Pfam domains and manual curation of the cassava gene annotations, we identified 228 NBS-LRR type genes and 99 partial NBS genes. These represent almost 1% of the total predicted genes and show high sequence similarity to proteins from other plant species. Furthermore, 34 contained an N-terminal toll/interleukin (TIR)-like domain, and 128 contained an N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) domain. 63% of the 327 R genes occurred in 39 clusters on the chromosomes. These clusters are mostly homogeneous, containing NBS-LRRs derived from a recent common ancestor. This study provides insight into the evolution of NBS-LRR genes in the cassava genome; the phylogenetic and mapping information may aid efforts to further characterize the function of these predicted R genes.
Thinned ferroelectric crystals and ceramics

In interpreting the properties of thin film ferroelectrics, it is useful to have baseline electrical property data on thinned single crystals and ceramics over the same thickness range, In this study, the properties of thinned BaTiO/sub 3/ have been investigated. To examine the quality of the surfaces produced, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used. This technique is capable of depth profiling the optical properties of dielectric materials with a resolution in the Angstrom range. It was found that both polishing and chemical etching lead to disturbed regions on the sample surface due to mechanical damage, residual roughness, and chemically inhomogeneous layers. As expected in the case of mechanical polishing, the depth of the damaged layer increased with grit size. For both polishing and etching it is possible to prepare surfaces with less than /spl sim/ 200 /spl Aring/ of optically-detectable damage. It was shown that for unelectroded c-domain BaTiO/sub 3/, irreversible changes in the SE spectra as a function of temperature occur if measurements are made immediately after poling. It was also shown that if a gradient in the polarization exists at the surface of the sample, it appears to be confined to a layer on the order of 100 /spl Aring/ thick.