cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tumor Detection at 3 Tesla with an Activatable Cell Penetrating Peptide Dendrimer (ACPPD-Gd), a T1 Magnetic Resonance (MR) Molecular Imaging Agent.

Author(s): Malone, Christopher D; Olson, Emilia S; Mattrey, Robert F; Jiang, Tao; Tsien, Roger Y; Nguyen, Quyen T | Abstract: PurposeThe ability to detect small malignant lesions with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is limited by inadequate accumulations of Gd with standard chelate agents. To date, no T1-targeted agents have proven superiority to Gd chelates in their ability to detect small tumors at clinically relevant field strengths. Activatable cell-penetrating peptides and their Gd-loaded dendrimeric form (ACPPD-Gd) have been shown to selectively accumulate in tumors. In this study we compared the performance of ACPPD-Gd vs. untargeted Gd chelates to detect small tumors in rodent models using a clinical 3T-MR system.Materials and methodsThis study was approved by the Institutional-Animal Care-and-Use Committee. 2 of 4 inguinal breast fat pads of 16 albino-C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with tumor Py8119 cells and the other 2 with saline at random. MRI at 3T was performed at 4, 9, and 14 days after inoculation on 8 mice 24-hours after injection of 0.036mmol Gd/kg (ACPPD-Gd), and before and 2-3 minutes after 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol on the other 8 mice. T1-weighted (T1w) tumor signal normalized to muscle, was compared among the non-contrast, gadobutrol, and ACPPD-Gd groups using ANOVA. Experienced and trainee readers blinded to experimental conditions assessed for the presence of tumor in each of the 4 breast regions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and area-under-curve (AUC) values were constructed and analyzed.ResultsTumors ≥1mm3 were iso-intense to muscle without contrast on T1w sequences. They enhanced diffusely and homogeneously by 57±20% (pl0.001) 24 hours after ACPPD-Gd and by 25±13% (pl0.001) immediately after gadobutrol. The nearly 2-fold difference was similar for small tumors (1-5mm3) (45±19% vs. 19±18%, p = 0.03). ACPPD-Gd tended to improve tumor detection by an experienced reader (AUC 0.98 vs 0.91) and significantly more for a trainee (0.93 vs. 0.82, p = 0.02) compared to gadobutrol. This improvement was more pronounced when obvious tumors (g5mm3) were removed from the ROC analysis for both the experienced observer (0.96 vs. 0.86) and more so for the trainee (0.86 vs. 0.69, p = 0.04).ConclusionACPPD-Gd enhances MMP-expressing tumors of any size at 3T 24 hours after administration, improving their detection by blinded observers when compared to non-contrast and contrast groups given commercial Gd-chelates and imaged during the equilibrium phase.
Electrically Induced Shape Changes in Hardened Cement Pastes and Porous Silica Gels: The Dynamic Nature of Gel Pore Structures during Water Transport

Electrically induced strain studies of hardened cement pastes were performed using an inductance technique. Investigations were done as a function of electrical history, measurement frequency, moisture content, and initial water to cement ratio (w/c) during hydration. Expansive strains as large as 4.5 x 10 -4 were observed under field strengths of ∼0.5 kV/cm in specimens which had been saturated with water. Both switchable and nonswitchable strains were observed under cycling with an ac electrical field. Evidence was observed that the switchable strains are due to redistribution of water within the specimen, whereas the nonswitchable strains are related to long-range water transport toward the surface of the specimen. Investigations as a function of measurement frequency revealed a strong relaxation of the induced strain in the frequency range of 6.67 x 10 -3 to 1 Hz. It is believed that ions in the diffuse double layer move under an electrical field and that water is transported by electro-osmosis. Electrically induced strains then develop because of local swelling effects associated with a saturation gradient. Investigations as a function of w/c ratio revealed that the induced strains are related to the volume fraction of gel porosity. Electrically induced strain measurements of porous silica gels with average pore sizes of 25 and 50 A were then performed. The characteristics of the electrically induced strains were found to be nearly identical to those for portland cement. It is believed that the characteristics of the electrically induced strains are controlled by the entry and removal of physically absorbed water within the gel pore structures.
Azide inhibition of anthrone colorimetric test for carbohydrate.

SummaryIt has been demonstrated that azide inhibits the anthrone reaction for the determination of total carbohydrate, but does not affect the ferricyanide itest for reducing sugar or the skatole test for fructose. The mechanism of inhibition is unknown.
Two Constructions of Lebesgue's Measure

(1978). Two Constructions of Lebesgue's Measure. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 257-259.
Superconductivity in Ti 3 P-type compounds

A study of 12 intermetallic ${A}_{3}B$ compounds which crystallize in the tetragonal ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}$P-type structure has revealed five new superconductors with transition temperatures below 1 K: ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{3}$Si, ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{3}$Ge, ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{3}$P, ${\mathrm{V}}_{3}$P, and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$Ge (extrapolated from the alloy series Nb-Ge-As). In addition, two compounds, ${\mathrm{Zr}}_{3}$Sb and ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{3}$Ge, having the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{3}$P structure type were found to be superconducting below 1 K. Within the ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}$P-type compounds, those with the lighter "$B$" elements in a given column of the Periodic Table have the higher transition temperatures. Critical-magnetic-field and electrical-resistivity data are reported for the superconducting ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{3}$P-type compound ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$P which permit one to estimate the Ginzburg-Landau $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ parameter and the electronic-specific-heat coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$. The $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ value of 8.4 indicates that this material is type II, and the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ value of 1.3 mJ/mole ${\mathrm{K}}^{2}$ for ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{3}$P is probably related to its low transition temperature relative to many $A15$ compounds.
Calculating binding energies: Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1992, 2:217–222

Abstract Significant progress in free energy calculations on macromolecular association has been reported during the past year. This review discusses some of the more prominent of these results, focusing particularly on several basic questions: what are the main challenges facing these calculations; what kinds of structures can they be applied to; how are these calculations best achieved; and, how accurate are they?
Intensities of Power Frequency Electric Fields in a 500 kV Air Insulated Substation

[Objective] To measure the intensities of power frequency electric fields in a 500 kV air insulated substation. [Methods] Intensities of power frequency electric fields at selected workstations were measured with PMM 8053A/PMM EHP-50C instrument in Germany. A layout coordinate system of substation plan was constructed to display space distribution of power frequency electric field intensity. Test results were compared with the relevant standards. [Results] A total of 554 workstations were selected for power frequency electric fields measurement, including 296 workstations in the 500 kV power distribution area. In the 500 kV power distribution area, 17 workstations reported intensity values greater than 10 kV/m, 137 workstations did greater than or equal to 5 kV/m and less than 10 kV/m. In the 220 kV, 35 kV, and main transformer areas, the intensities of all workstations were less than 10 kV/m. [Conclusion] Power frequency electric field intensities greater than 10 kV/m are found in some workstations of the selected substation. Improving the patrol route and reducing exposure time may help to reduce its' health impacts on workers.
Analysis of basic information about Haining CDC capacity-building in 2009

Objective To analyze and find out the CDC capacity building status in Haining,explore new ideas and provide scientific basis to further enhance capacity-building in public health service center.Methods Data was collected on "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System-disease prevention and control of basic information system" in 2009,and descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data.Results By the end of 2009,there were 61 permanent staffs engaged in Haining CDC,including professional and technical staff of 58,accounting for 95.1%.The average score of comprehensive quality was 6.91.Average service area was 11.98km2,serving population(including the floating population) was 14 688 people.The total funding investment for 2009 was 12.28 million yuan,of which 3.82 million yuan was special fund for the work,1.82 million yuan purchase of special equipment,with an average of 116,900 yuan.Working space per capita reached 82 M2,types of laboratory instruments and basic equipment compliance rate was 90%,basic inspection and test capacity of project compliance was 90.5%.Conclusion In recent years,human resources and personnel structure in Haining CDC has been greatly improved and enhanced,CDC team getting younger,educational level gradually increasing,a larger proportion of staff with higher professional titles.The overall quality of human resources is better,the average score of overall quality of institutional personnel reaching 6.91 points. Meanwhile,the authority has increased funding for investment,and further improved the disease prevention and control mechanism to ensure funding.
Application of Artificial Immune Algorithm in Fire Assignment

As a novel intelligent computing research field, artificial immune algorithm ( AIA ) has been used in solving problems, such as network security, pattern recognize, function optimization, genetic algorithm(GA) etc. To solve the difficulty in calculation with traditional fire assignment model, an artificial immune algorithm of fire assignment was introduced. The mathematic model of fire assignment was analyzed and a corresponding artificial immune algorithm was constructed by way of analogy. Artificial immune algorithm and genetic algorithm were compared to find similarities and differences. Then, a typical fire assignment problem was solved with AIA. The result proves that artificial immune algorithm is of high speed and high fidelity to solve fire assignment problems and provides references to solve such problems.
Origin Dependence: Does Birthplace Specificity in Migration Rates Matter?

Migration is usually more than a one-time event in the lives of most migrants, and scholars of migration histories have repeatedly found that the previous migration experiences of individuals significantly influence their subsequent migration patterns. Individuals who have migrated before are more likely to do so again, and to destinations that they have visited earlier in life. Among the most important of these regional dependencies are to their birthplaces. This chapter refers to this influence as a special case of origin dependence, and focuses on its most important consequence, which is that the migration propensities of persons returning to their region of birth are significantly higher than those of the average individual, and that they also differ in their fundamental age profiles. Consequently, the introduction of origin dependent outmigration rates into multiregional life tables and population projections produces a substantial impact on life measures and projected regional totals.
Cases in Partnership between Independent Schools and Universities.

This study provides an in-depth look at six unique models of partnership between independent schools and a nearby college/university. The six cases include the University School of Nashville and Vanderbilt University; the Lab School and University of Chicago; the School at Columbia and Columbia University; the Boston University Academy and Boston University; the Hopkins School and Yale University; and the University School and Nova Southeastern University. Descriptions capture key historical, governance, fiscal, personnel, and programmatic components of the connections. The study generates observations for wider application by looking closely at the sources of mutual benefit, for the practices that help avoid a loss of interest or a sense of resentment from either side, and at the ways partnerships can develop over time. These observations could be of use as schools and colleges come under increasing societal pressure to find common ground, and can help the partners avoid the mutual recrimination that can...
The use of color wheels to communicate uncertainty in the interpretation of geophysical data

In the field of hydrogeophysics, images are often used to communicate information about subsurface properties and processes. Such images are derived from measurements, modeling, or a combination of the two and inherently contain a varying degree of uncertainty. This poses a challenge, since not only should the interpreted results be conveyed in such images, but also the degree of uncertainty in the representation. The question we seek to address is: How do we generate a single image that communicates the uncertainty in the interpretation? In an attempt to answer this question, we focus, as an example, on a hydrostratigraphic model obtained from airborne electromagnetic data calibrated with lithologic data. The uncertainty in this model stems (mainly) from the uncertainty of accurately assigning the electromagnetic data to unique lithologic units. Two representations of the uncertainty, based on color schemes, were tested. The first approach uses an additive color model, the RGB model, and consists of dire...
Abstract B54: Current intervention strategies in the NCI PREVENT Cancer Preclinical Drug Development Program

Chemoprevention research in the Division of Cancer Prevention (DCP) was re-structured in 2011 creating the PREVENT Cancer Preclinical Drug Development Program. This Program provides for peer-review of proposals from the general research community for development of small molecules or biologicals, including vaccines, for cancer prevention or biomarkers to facilitate clinical evaluation of prevention strategies. The process for applying to the Prevent Program is described at: http://prevention.cancer.gov/programs-resources/programs/prevent. Applications are submitted twice yearly and reviewed by a panel of experts from the extramural community and NIH Scientists outside DCP and scored for scientific merit, feasibility, etc. Top scoring applications undergo secondary review and prioritization by a panel of DCP and other NIH scientists. Applications with potential for near-term clinical translation are given highest priority. Approved projects are implemented as Task Orders via a system of contracts with academic and nonprofit, independent research institutions that provide the full range of preclinical studies, including good laboratory practice toxicology, needed to support Investigational New Drug Applications. Twenty-five Task Orders addressing a range of intervention strategies have been awarded in the first two years of the Program. Small molecules targeting classic aspects of inflammation as well as newer molecular-targeted agents (n=16) are under study. Pharmacodynamic assays are coupled to efficacy studies. Immunoprevention strategies targeting tumor-associated antigens as well as antigens from cancer-associated infectious agents (n=6) are being pursued. Preliminary data from current projects will be presented. The PREVENT Cancer Program has engaged a broad cross-section of investigators, supporting preclinical development of agents addressing a wide variety of cancer prevention strategies. Citation Format: Robert H. Shoemaker, Barbara K. Dunn, Chen Suen, Dan L. Boring, Brian D. Klein, Mark S. Miller, Vernon E. Steele. Current intervention strategies in the NCI PREVENT Cancer Preclinical Drug Development Program. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2014 Sep 27-Oct 1; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2015;8(10 Suppl): Abstract nr B54.
Root Cause Diagnosis of Process Fault Using KPCA and Bayesian Network

This paper develops a methodology to combine diagnostic information from various fault detection and isolation tools to diagnose the true root cause of an abnormal event in industrial processes. Limited diagnostic information from kernel principal component analysis, other online fault detection and diagnostic tools, and process knowledge were combined through Bayesian belief network. The proposed methodology will enable an operator to diagnose the root cause of the abnormality. Further, some challenges on application of Bayesian network on process fault diagnosis such as network connection determination, estimation of conditional probabilities, and cyclic loop handling were addressed. The proposed methodology was applied to Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit and Tennessee Eastman Chemical Process. In both cases, the proposed approach showed a good capability of diagnosing the root cause of abnormal conditions.
Romer v. Evans and House Bill 2: Déjà Vu All Over Again

In 1992, Colorado enacted Amendment 2 to its state constitution, preempting all local ordinances and state laws banning sexual orientation discrimination. In 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court, in the case Romer v. Evans, struck down Amendment 2 as unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. Two decades later, North Carolina enacted House Bill 2, preempting all local ordinances banning sexual orientation or gender identity discrimination in public accommodations. This essay argues that House Bill 2 — like Amendment 2 — is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. Part I summarizes Amendment 2 and Romer. Part II summarizes a recent amendment to the antidiscrimination ordinance in Charlotte, North Carolina, which prohibited sexual orientation and gender identity discrimination in public accommodations. Part II then discusses North Carolina’s enactment of House Bill 2, which preempted the Charlotte ordinance and authorized sexual orientation and transgender discrimination in public accommodations throughout North Carolina. Part III argues that House Bill 2 is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Clause. First, Part III contends that House Bill 2 warrants heightened scrutiny. Second, Part III argues that — even if heightened scrutiny is not applied — the Bill fails rational basis review under Romer. This section outlines the striking similarities between House Bill 2 and Amendment 2. Namely, House Bill 2 is facially discriminatory, has a discriminatory legislative purpose, has a substantial discriminatory impact, and is not rationally related to any legitimate governmental interest. With these similarities in mind, this essay concludes that House Bill 2 is a plainly unconstitutional resurrection of Amendment 2.
Completion rates in a preoperative surgical weight loss program by tobacco use status

Abstract Background Weight loss surgery (WLS) is an effective treatment for obesity and its associated conditions, but given the known benefits of preoperative tobacco abstinence on reducing postoperative complications, many WLS programs require tobacco abstention before surgery. Objectives To evaluate the association between tobacco use and WLS program completion. Setting A 548-bed university hospital in Pennsylvania with a nationally accredited comprehensive WLS program. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify patients enrolled in a preoperative WLS program from January 1, 2013 to April 3, 2015. Participants were categorized as nontobacco users (NTU) or current tobacco users (CTU) based on self-report at assessment. Tobacco users were required to quit before scheduling surgery and abstinence was verified using serum cotinine ( Results A total 620 patients enrolled in the preoperative program; 16.7% were tobacco users, 89% of whom were cigarette smokers. A total of 57.4% (n = 356) completed the program overall and there was a significant difference in completion by tobacco use status (62.4% NTU completed versus 32.7% CTU, P Conclusion Current tobacco users dropped out of the preoperative program at almost twice the rate of nontobacco users. Weight loss surgery programs should offer evidence-based tobacco cessation interventions to improve access to care for obesity treatment.
Resveratrol, 4' Acetoxy Resveratrol, R-equol, Racemic Equol or S-equol as Cosmeceuticals to Improve Dermal Health.

Phytochemicals are botanical compounds used in dermatology applications as cosmeceuticals to improve skin health. Resveratrol and equol are two of the best-known polyphenolic or phytoestrogens having similar chemical structures and some overlapping biological functions to 17β-estradiol. Human skin gene expression was reviewed for 28 different biomarkers when resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol (4AR), R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol were tested. Sirtuin 1 activator (SIRT 1) was stimulated by resveratrol and 4AR only. Resveratrol, R-equol and racemic equol were effective on the aging biomarkers proliferating cell nuclear factor (PCNA), nerve growth factor (NGF), 5α-reductase and the calcium binding proteins S100 A8 and A9. Racemic equol and 4AR displayed among the highest levels for the collagens, elastin and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1). S-equol displayed the lowest level of effectiveness compared to the other compounds. The 4AR analog was more effective compared to resveratrol by 1.6-fold. R-equol and racemic equol were almost equal in potency displaying greater inhibition vs. resveratrol or its 4′ analog for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but among the inflammatory biomarkers, resveratrol, 4AR, R-equol and racemic equol displayed high inhibition. Thus, these cosmeceuticals display promise to improve dermal health; however, further study is warranted to understand how phytochemicals protect/enhance the skin.
The Role of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Stroke.

The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome has increased globally. These epidemiologic changes are likely responsible for a rise in stroke incidence among young adults, despite declining stroke incidence rates in the elderly. In this review, the authors summarize the current understanding of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of stroke associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Helenalin Analogues Targeting NF-κB p65: Thiol Reactivity and Cellular Potency Studies of Varied Electrophiles

Helenalin is a pseudoguaianolide natural product that targets Cys38 within the DNA binding domain of NF-κB transcription factor p65 (RelA). Helenalin contains two Michael acceptors that covalently modify cysteines: a α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone and a cyclopentenone. We recently reported two simplified helenalin analogues that mimic the biological activity of helenalin and contain both electrophilic moieties. To determine the individual contributions of the Michael acceptors toward NF-κB inhibition, we synthesized a small library of helenalin-based analogues containing various combinations of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones and cyclopentenones. The kinetics of thiol addition to a subset of the analogues was measured to determine the relative thiol reactivities of the embedded electrophiles. Additionally, the cellular NF-κB inhibitory activities of the analogues were determined to elucidate the contributions of each Michael acceptor to biological potency. Our studies suggest the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone contributes most significantly to the NF-κB inhibition of our simplified helenalin analogues.
Optimizing RDF(S) queries on cloud platforms

Scalable processing of Semantic Web queries has become a critical need given the rapid upward trend in availability of Semantic Web data. The MapReduce paradigm is emerging as a platform of choice for large scale data processing and analytics due to its ease of use, cost effectiveness, and potential for unlimited scaling. Processing queries on Semantic Web triple models is a challenge on the mainstream MapReduce platform called Apache Hadoop, and its extensions such as Pig and Hive. This is because such queries require numerous joins which leads to lengthy and expensive MapReduce workflows. Further, in this paradigm, cloud resources are acquired on demand and the traditional join optimization machinery such as statistics and indexes are often absent or not easily supported.In this demonstration, we will present RAPID+, an extended Apache Pig system that uses an algebraic approach for optimizing queries on RDF data models including queries involving inferencing. The basic idea is that by using logical and physical operators that are more natural to MapReduce processing, we can reinterpret such queries in a way that leads to more concise execution workflows and small intermediate data footprints that minimize disk I/Os and network transfer overhead. RAPID+ evaluates queries using the Nested TripleGroup Data Model and Algebra(NTGA). The demo will show comparative performance of NTGA query plans vs. relational algebra-like query plans used by Apache Pig and Hive.
Bernoulli Polynomials and Bernoulli Numbers

In this chapter, we introduce a sequence of polynomials that is closely related to the h-antiderivative of polynomials and has many important applications.
The “Weisure” Class: The Elusive Goal of Work-Life Balance

This column summarizes key books, articles and other resources on the topic of librarian and library staff work-life balance.
Using Racial and Class Differences in Infant Mortality to Teach about White Privilege: A Cooperative Group Activity:

A considerable amount of research across the past several decades has documented the emergence of a new racial ideology of “color-blindness” as well as evidence that white college students have dif...
Efficient Mobile Base Station Placement for First Responders in Public Safety Networks

We consider the problem of mobile base station placement to meet the critical communication requirements of first responders in an ad hoc public safety network. By considering the class of first responders and UE applications, we provide an efficient base station placement algorithm to maximize critical communication needs according to priority levels. We present simulation results that compare two proposed algorithms with each other and with a baseline algorithm. Our results show that the algorithm of weighted priority and GBR significantly improves connectivity and coverage parameters compared to others.
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Background: Bronchoscopy with transbronchial needleaspiration (TBNA) is valuable to diagnose lesions in the mediastinumand lung, but conventional fluoroscopic guidance may be suboptimal. Wedescribe the use of CT fluoroscopy to provide real-time, transaxial, TBNA localization, thus facilitating biopsy. Methods: Patients were selected because of prior unsuccessful bronchoscopy oranticipated difficulty owing to small size or inaccessibility of thelesion. CT fluoroscopy consists of a spiral CT scanner adapted using arapid-reconstruction algorithm and hardware that permits real-timein-room imaging. The bronchoscope was inserted on the CT scanner, whichwas used to guide TBNA instruments into the target lesion. Results: Of 27 patients who underwent TBNA with CTfluoroscopic assistance, 15 had mediastinal nodes, and 12 had lungnodules or focal infiltrates. Mean lesion size was 1.7 cm in themediastinum, 2.2 cm in the lung. A correct diagnosis was established in10 of 12 mediastinal lesions (83%) for which follow-up was availableand in 8 lung lesions (67%). Diagnoses included small cell andnon-small cell lung cancer and invasive aspergillosis. False-negativeresults were caused by sampling errors or inability to reach the lesionas documented by CT fluoroscopy. Postprocedure CT fluoroscopy revealedno complications. Conclusion: CT fluoroscopy provideseffective, real-time guidance for TBNA and may be particularly valuablein patients with small or less accessible mediastinal or lunglesions.
The evolution of treatment and complications of esophageal food impaction

BackgroundEsophageal food impaction is relatively common and increasing over time. Treatment ranges from medications to invasive endoscopic therapies. The endoscopic push technique has been advised...
Exploring the Intersection of Emotional Literacy and Computational Modeling Using Scratch

Computational thinking learning tools such as Scratch support forms of expressive making that can aid in reflection and understanding complex scientific concepts and systems. However, little research has explored how such computational tools might support forms of emotional literacy such as developing an understanding of emotions. Through an exploratory design with 11 participants, Scratch was used to create models representing participants' emotion knowledge. The overarching research question focused on how might computational tools aid in supporting reflection on emotion knowledge. Analysis of artifacts generated through sketching and Scratch, as well as transcribed design discussions were used as points of data analysis. Drawing on theories of computational thinking and emotional literacy, we present an analysis that highlights the potential for such tools to support certain reflective practices around emotion knowledge.
RECOVER CPR for veterinary nurses

This article outlines the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) initiative. It will review the established evidence-based guidelines for veterinary CPR, which are internationa...
Improved ThwaRTing of Genome Symbionts.

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Banuelos-Sanchez et al. (2019) present a comprehensive analysis of selective non-toxic inhibitors of reverse transcriptases encoded by endogenous retrotransposons. This work offers tools for the study of these retroelements, whose activity has been linked to cancer, neurological disorders, autoimmunity, and genomic instability.
Assessing the Well-being of Sexual Minority Soldiers at a Military Academic Institution.

INTRODUCTION The goal of the present study was to characterize behavioral health rates, behavioral health care utilization, loneliness, and perceived prejudice and support among sexual minority soldiers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 640 active-duty U.S. soldiers enrolled in an academic training institute who provided information on their sexual orientation. Survey topics included demographics, behavioral health, behavioral health care utilization, and mitigating factors (eg, perceived prejudice, perceived support, and loneliness). Chi-square analyses were utilized to determine any differences between groups for behavioral health rates and behavioral health care utilization. Robust regression was used for analysis of self-reported loneliness. RESULTS A higher proportion of lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) soldiers than heterosexual soldiers screened positive for anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and suicidality. No between-group differences in behavioral health care utilization were found; however, a higher proportion of LGB soldiers sought help from military family life counselors. No between-group differences for loneliness were found. Finally, perceived prejudice was higher for LGB soldiers and perceived support was lower. CONCLUSION Organizational barriers, such as perceived prejudice and lack of support, appear to still exist for sexual minority soldiers. Increasing organizational support and implementing training and education for health care providers in order to better support the LGB soldier community may mitigate these barriers.
Healthcare use and costs in adult cancer patients with anxiety and depression

Objective Anxiety and depression are common in individuals with cancer and may impact healthcare service use and costs in this population. This study examined the effects of anxiety alone, depression alone, and comorbid anxiety and depressive disorder on healthcare use and costs among patients with cancer. Method This was a retrospective cohort analysis of administrative data of patients aged 18 or older with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis of cancer. Key outcomes were any visit to emergency department (ED), any inpatient hospitalization, length of hospital stays, and annual healthcare costs 1 year from cancer diagnosis. Results A total of 13,426 patients were included. Relative to patients with neither anxiety nor depression, those with anxiety alone, depression alone, or comorbid anxiety and depression were more likely to experience an ED visit and be hospitalized. Length of hospital stays were also longer and annual healthcare costs were significantly higher in all three clinical groups. Conclusions Cancer patients with anxiety and depression were at greater risk for ED visits and hospitalizations, experienced longer hospital stays, and accrued higher healthcare costs. Future researchers should determine whether screening and treating comorbid anxiety and depression may decrease healthcare utilization and improve turnover wellbeing among cancer patients.
Engineering mesoporous silica for superior optical and thermal properties

We report a significant advance in thermally insulating transparent materials: silica-based monoliths with controlled porosity which exhibit the transparency of windows in combination with a thermal conductivity comparable to aerogels. The lack of transparent, thermally insulating windows leads to substantial heat loss in commercial and residential buildings, which accounts for ~4.2% of primary US energy consumption annually. The present study provides a potential solution to this problem by demonstrating that ambiently dried silica aerogel monoliths, i.e., ambigels, can simultaneously achieve high optical transparency and low thermal conductivity without supercritical drying. A combination of tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, and post-gelation surface modification precursors were used to synthesize ambiently dried materials with varying pore fractions and pore sizes. By controlling the synthesis and processing conditions, 0.5–3 mm thick mesoporous monoliths with transmittance >95% and a thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/(m K) were produced. A narrow pore size distribution, <15 nm, led to the excellent transparency and low haze, while porosity in excess of 80% resulted in low thermal conductivity. A thermal transport model considering fractal dimension and phonon-boundary scattering is proposed to explain the low effective thermal conductivity measured. This work offers new insights into the design of transparent, energy saving windows.
identidad acústica, ¿una categoría viable para el estudio del timbre en la música y el sonido?

Este trabajo se propone repensar la vinculacion entre la musica y el sonido con la nocion de identidad, vinculo que en las areas de estudio de los primeros, se presenta con una larga data pero con la carencia de una profundidad teorica. Para lograr lo anterior, proponemos que la nocion de timbre como categoria central, sumado a los aportes entregados por el filosofo griego Cornelius Castoriadis a proposito del imaginario, nos indican el camino hacia las identidades acusticas que, como perspectiva, nos puede ayudar a profundizar la relacion entre la musica y los sonidos con lo social y lo politico.
An Analysis of Opportunity Costs with Wet-Weather Timber Hauling

Hauling logs during wet weather on low-volume roads can be a significant source of chronic turbidity and fine sediments that may be detrimental to aquatic organisms including salmonids in streams. As a result, regulations governing wet-weather hauling in the western timber-producing states and British Columbia have become increasingly restrictive. A potential result of the changes in regulations is limited access to an increasing proportion of commercial forestland during the winter months. The cost of restricted hauling and harvesting is potentially a resource that could be made available to improve aggregate road surfaces to minimize hauling restrictions during wet weather. The objective of this research was to investigate the opportunity costs associated with regulatory restrictions for hauling timber on a forest road during wet weather. The regulatory restrictions set forth in the California Forest Practice Rules of 2004 were applied to the MacDonald-Dunn Research Forest at Oregon State University. Historic rainfall data were applied randomly over twenty 20-year simulation periods and harvesting and hauling activities were restricted accordingly. The estimated costs and revenue for a 20-year simulation period without wet-weather restrictions were compared to three management scenarios for harvesting and hauling with wet-weather restrictions to determine the opportunity costs associated with wet-weather restrictions. Dependent on the management scenario, wet-weather restrictions decreased total net revenue for the McDonald-Dunn Research Forest from 1.7 to 18 percent. From this analysis, opportunity costs (and total net revenue decreases) were smallest with the management alternative that involved the overtime use of equipment during periods when hauling and harvesting activities were not restricted.
Violent video game legislation as pseudo-agenda

The Sandy Hook Elementary shooting in Newtown, Connecticut brought renewed attention to school violence and school shooters in particular. Politicians, the media, and public interest groups blamed violent video games for such unthinkable violence. This paper focuses on the way politicians describe the perceived violent video game problem and subsequent regulation policies. Seeing violent video game legislation as pseudo-agenda, a dramaturgical narrative analysis is conducted to interpret the post-Newtown narrative of the violent video game problem (and regulation prescriptions). This proposed legislative narrative (federal and state) is compared to the legislative narrative told prior to the US Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association. This Supreme Court decision established precedent on violent video game regulation efforts and related free speech concerns and found violent video games do not cause minors to be aggressive, nor can violent video games be regulated. As such, a...
Unemployment or protectionism: Some choices for the USA and Western Europe to the year 2000

Abstract This article reports on the economic implications to the USA and Western European economies after imposing protectionist trade policies on selected groups of imports till 2000. The effects of this policy are also presented for Japan and the non-oil-producing developing countries. Before discussing the results of the computations and the import restricting assumptions, a summary of the methodological framework, the World Input-Output Model, used in the computation is presented.
The Methodology Used to Measure Differential Gene Expression Affects the Outcome

Confirmation of gene expression by a second methodology is critical in order to detect false-positive findings associated with microarrays. However, the impact of methodology upon the measurement of gene expression has not been rigorously evaluated. In the current study, we compared differential gene expression between PC3 and PC3-M human prostate cancer cell lines using three separate methods: microarray, quantitative RT/PCR (qRT/PCR), and Northern blotting. The PC3 to PC3-M ratio of gene expression was determined for each of 24 different genes evaluated, by each of the three methods. Comparison of gene expression ratios between Northern and microarray, Northern and qRT/PCR, and microarray and qRT/PCR, gave correlation coefficients (r) of 0.72, 0.39, and 0.63, respectively. In each instance, one to two outlier genes were apparent. Their exclusion from analysis gave r values of 0.79, 0.72, and 0.83, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the assessment of differential gene expression is dependent upon the methodology used in each situation where outcome between different methodologies was compared, the presence of a relatively limited number of outlier genes precludes high overall correlation between the methods. Validation of gene expression by different methods should be performed whenever possible.
Identification of Localized Structural Damage from Highly Incomplete Modal Information: Theory and Experiments

AbstractThe paper presents a methodology for identification of localized structural damage using highly incomplete modal information, such as a subset of modal frequencies. The proposed methodology is based on linearized modal sensitivities and l1-norm minimization of the algebraic difference between identified frequencies in damaged and undamaged states. The method is verified using stochastic simulations and validated using a series of laboratory experiments in which the number of potentially damaged elements is significantly larger than the number of identified modal frequencies.
Linking the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Altered DNA Methylation Patterns and Developmentally Induced Aberrant Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses

Successfully fighting infection requires a properly tuned immune system. Recent epidemiological studies link exposure to pollutants that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) during development with poorer immune responses later in life. Yet, how developmental triggering of AHR durably alters immune cell function remains unknown. Using a mouse model, we show that developmental activation of AHR leads to long-lasting reduction in the response of CD8+ T cells during influenza virus infection, cells critical for resolving primary infection. Combining genome-wide approaches, we demonstrate that developmental activation alters DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in isolated CD8+ T cells prior to and during infection. Altered transcriptional profiles in CD8+ T cells from developmentally exposed mice reflect changes in pathways involved in proliferation and immunoregulation, with an overall pattern that bears hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. Developmental exposure also changed DNA methylation across the genome, but differences were most pronounced following infection, where we observed inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression. This points to altered regulation of DNA methylation as one mechanism by which AHR causes durable changes in T cell function. Discovering that distinct gene sets and pathways were differentially changed in developmentally exposed mice prior to and after infection further reveals that the process of CD8+ T cell activation is rendered fundamentally different by early life AHR signaling. These findings reveal a novel role for AHR in the developing immune system: regulating DNA methylation and gene expression as T cells respond to infection later in life.
Predicting Breastfeeding Problems

Wouldn't it be helpful if nurses had a quick and easy risk‐scoring method that predicted which babies were at risk for early feeding problems? New moms and their babies are discharged so soon from the hospital that there's very little time to teach them the basics of caring for a neonate, much less assess the baby's success in breastfeeding, including progress in latching on and suckling. As a result, some neonates return to the emergency room dehydrated because they received too little breast milk.
Re‐thinking American Exceptionalism

American exceptionalism has been an organizing concept in American literary and cultural studies for decades, but recent years have witnessed the proliferation of new approaches to this topic. After an introduction to the history of American exceptionalism, the essay traces the arguments of several key figures in this debate, especially Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben, in order to provide an introduction to the utility of their claims for literary scholars.
Acetate Assimilation by Nitrobacter agilis in Relation to Its “Obligate Autotrophy”

Acetate (1 to 10 mm) had no effect on the rate of nitrite oxidation or exponential growth by Nitrobacter agilis. However, acetate-1-(14)C and -2-(14)C were both assimilated by growing cultures, and acetate carbon contributed 33 to 39% of newly synthesized cell carbon. Carbon from acetate was incorporated into all of the major cell constituents, including most of the amino acids of cell protein and poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB). Cultures grown in the presence of acetate showed a significant increase in turbidity, attributable in part to protein synthesis and the accumulation of PHB in the "post-exponential phase," when the supply of nitrite was completely exhausted. Cell suspensons of N. agilis assimilated acetate in the absence of bicarbonate and even in the absence of nitrite. However, the addition of nitrite increased the rate of acetate assimilation by cell suspensions. The distribution of (14)C-acetate incorporated by cell suspensions was qualitatively similar to that found with growing cultures. Cell suspensions of N. agilis slowly oxidized acetate to CO(2). Addition of nitrite suppressed CO(2) production from acetate but increased the assimilation of acetate carbon into cell material. N. agilis contained all the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Growth of N. agilis in the presence of acetate did not significantly affect the levels of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but did result in a 100-fold increase in the specific activity of isocitratase. In contrast, carboxydismutase was partially repressed. N. agilis was grown heterotrophically through seven transfers on a medium containing acetate and casein hydrolysate. The addition of nitrite increased the rate of heterotrophic growth. Heterotrophically grown organisms still retained their ability to grow autotrophically with nitrite. However, these organisms oxidized nitrite at a slower rate. Organisms from autotrophic and heterotrophic cultures were analyzed to determine the mean guanine plus cytosine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid; in both cases this mean was 61.2 +/- 1%. We concluded that N. agilis is not an obligate autotroph; it appears to be a facultative autotroph which resembles the novel facultative autotroph, Thiobacillus intermedius, very closely.
Electron-Positron Plasmas Created By Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses Interacting With Solid Targets

We discuss the necessary requirements to create dense electron-positron plasmas in the laboratory and the possibility of using them to investigate certain aspects of various astrophysical phenomena, such as gamma ray burst engines. Earth-based electron-positron plasmas are created during the interaction of ultra-intense laser pulses impinging on a solid density target. The fact that positrons can be generated during this interaction has already been demonstrated by Cowan et al. (2000). However, several questions concerning the number, energy, and dynamics of these positrons have yet to be answered. Through insight gathered from PIC simulations, we postulate that the e+e- plasma leaves the creation region in dense jets, with relativistic energies. In order to estimate the number density of the positrons created, we begin by first experimentally measuring the hot electron temperatures and densities of such interactions using a compact electron spectrometer. Once the electron distribution is known, the positron creation rate, Γ, can be estimated. This same experimental diagnostic can also, with minor modification, measure the energy distribution of positrons. Initial estimates are that, with proper target and laser configurations, we could potentially create one of the densest arraignments of positrons ever assembled on earth. This experimental configuration would only last for a few femtoseconds, but would eventually evolve into astrophysically relevant pure electron-positron jets, possibly relevant to e+e- outflow from black holes.