cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Questions of Culture in Distance Learning: A Research Review

This paper reviews past research that focused on questions of culture in distance learning. Of specific interest are the studies that examined the influence of culture on students’ learning and engagement in asynchronous learning networks (ALNs). The purpose of this review is three-fold: to present the state of knowledge concerning the questions of culture in distance learning, to highlight important methodological issues that past research has left unresolved, and to provide practical insights into teaching culturally and linguistically diverse online communities of learners. For these purposes, 27 studies are examined and the findings are reported under the following categories: What do studies focusing on questions of culture in distance learning tell us? What implications do they suggest for practice and future research? Also, the paper provides methodological insights for researchers who wish to investigate the cultural dimensions of distance learning in future studies.
Insider Trading and Incentives to Manage Earnings

This paper evaluates two hypotheses about the relation between insider selling and earnings management in periods preceding poor corporate performance. Consistent with our litigation avoidance hypothesis, we provide evidence that managers manage earnings upwards after they have engaged in abnormally high levels of insider selling. In contrast, we find no support for the pump and dump hypothesis of earnings being managed before managers sell their equity. Our findings indicate insider trading provides managers with incentives to subsequently manage earnings upward, to distance their selling from the revelation of bad news and reduce the likelihood of reputation, employment, and litigation losses. We show these incentives co-exist and complement incentives to avoid default in a sample of 462 firms that experience technical default in 1983-1997. Our findings suggest that investors and those with oversight authority (e.g., boards of directors, auditors, and regulators) consider monitoring prior rather than contemporaneous insider-trading activity as a part of their corporate governance practices.
CD2AP, dendrin, and cathepsin L in the kidney.

Abstract This Correspondence relates to the article by Weins et al (Dendrin Ablation Prolongs Life Span by Delaying Kidney Failure. Am J Pathol 2015, 185:2143-2157).
Pharmacological activation of kappa opioid receptors: aversive effects in adolescent and adult male rats

Rationale The dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system is involved in the dysphoric properties of drugs of abuse. Given that adolescents show reduced sensitivity to aversive effects of many drugs, alterations in the DYN/KOR system may contribute to the prevalence of drug use during adolescence.
Application of bioelectric impedance to the measurement of arterial flow.

Building upon the extensive work of many investigators it has been possible to develop a noninvasive technique to measure pulsatile arterial flow in the extremities. Changes in tissue volume were equated with changes in bioelectric impedance. A formula was derived in which the minute change in volume with each arterial pulse was defined in terms of impedance. The height of the impedance pulse wave, which closely resembles an arterial pressure wave, was used in this formula to calculate the resulting measurement of pulsatile arterial flow, defined as FLOWZ. This formula as well as the theory and technique were tested in two differentin vitro models and in multiple canine experiments. Comparisons made with arterial flow had correlation coefficients, which were consistently greater than 0.9. Bioelectric impedance measurements are sensitive to time-dependent volumetric changes only. The change in impedance with each arterial pulse is the integral of the difference between input and output flows. Total flow cannot be measured. Even the venous occlusion techniques, applicable to impedance as well as to the mechanical plethysmograh, alter vascular tone or resistance and hence, distort the normal flow [2]. Nevertheless, it is the relative change in blood flow rather than the absolute values of flow that is important in the bedside evaluation of a patient. This technique could be very helpful clinically, particularly in peripheral vascular disease.
A computational model for recognition of multifont word images

A computational model for the recognition of multifont machine-printed word images of highly variable quality is given. The model integrates three word-recognition algorithms, each of which utilizes a different form of shape and context information. The approaches are character-recognition-based, segmentation-based, and word-shape-analysis based. The model overcomes limitations of previous solutions that focus on isolated characters. In an experiment using a lexicon of 33,850 words and a test set of 1,671 highly variable word images, the algorithm achieved a correct rate of 89% at the top choice and 95% in the top ten choices.
Facile cleavage of a CC bond in a dinuclear nickel complex

Facile CC cleavage is demonstrated to occur upon treatment of {(depe)NiBr}2(μ-Z,Z-PhCCHCHCPh) with TlPF6. The implications of this reaction for the Reppe cyclotetramerization of alkynes are discussed.
RSV Causes HIF-1α Stabilization via NO Release in Primary Bronchial Epithelial Cells

RSV infection is characterized by airway edema. Stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) is important in both inflammation and edema formation. In this study we evaluated whether RSV induced release of nitric oxide (NO) by bronchial airway epithelial cells leading to the stabilization of HIF-1alpha and subsequent transcription of VEGF(165). Primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEpC) were used; cell supernatants were analyzed. Western blot analysis was used for the detection of HIF-1alpha. Bronchial airway epithelial monolayer permeability was assessed using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) in real time. There was increased stabilization of HIF-1alpha in RSV infected cells. Addition of an NO inhibitor blocked RSV mediated HIF-1alpha expression. Antagonism of NO also inhibited VEGF production and HBEpC monolayer permeability. Our results demonstrate that in HBEpC, RSV induced NO causes stabilization of HIF-1alpha in vitro.
Theoretical Determination of Subsonic Oscillatory Airforce Coefficients for Cruciform-Tail Configurations

This paper presents the theoretical development of lifting surface theory for the calculation of aerodynamic airforce coefficients for cruciform-tail configurations. The cruciform tail is assumed to vibrate in simple harmonic motion in a subsonic airflow with small amplitude so that linearised aerodynamic theory is valid. Linearised integral equations are formulated that relate the normal velocities with the loadings on the lower and upper fins, and on the half-tailplanes. These integral equations are solved numerically for the loadings and then the generalised airforce coefficients when the cruciform tail oscillates at general frequencies in any antisymmetric mode. The configuration has a common junction chord and the condition is satisfied that the sum of the loadings at the junction is zero. Numerical results are compared with those obtained from Doublet-Lattice (NLRI) method and other theoretical methods wherever possible.
The proton affinity and entropy of protonation of lysinamide. The effects of intramolecular proton solvation

The equilibrium constants for the gas-phase proton transfer from protonated tri-n-propylamine to lysinamide at several temperatures have been measured using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric techniques. The thermodynamic values obtained from a van't Hoff plot are ΔH = −4.36 ± 0.85 kcal mol-1 and ΔS = −12.25 ± 2.34 cal mol-1 K-1. These values lead to derived values of the proton affinity (PA) and entropy of protonation (ΔSp) of lysinamide of 241.4 ± 0.9 kcal mol-1 and 10.9 ± 2.2 cal mol-1 K-1, respectively. A sophisticated calculation in the literature suggests that the former is identical with the PA of lysine as would be expected. The PA of lysinamide exceeds that of 1,5-diaminopentane by 2.5 kcal mol-1, which is consistent with an expected favorable interaction between the carbonyl oxygen of the CONH2 group and the strong hydrogen bond in protonated lysinamide. The ΔSp value is in good agreement with a kinetic-method determination of the entropy of protonation of lysine. It is...
Spinning wheel powder feeding device — fundamentals and applications

A spinning wheel powder feeding system has been developed as a conveying mechanism to feed fine particle aggregates on a laboratory scale. An example of a use of this conveying mechanism is with a transport tube reactor, since the reactor only provides a few seconds residence time to react the powder. Methods to shear the powder mechanically, as opposed to using a high gas velocity, are developed as to not reduce the available residence time in the reactor. The objective is to feed a powder at the smallest particle aggregate size possible rather than a large particle aggregate size generated by an upstream feeding device, and to achieve such dispersion using minimized gas flow. Statistical results show that the spinning wheel alone is able to reduce the mean aggregate size of the Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and when a minimal amount of gas is added to the system the PSD is reduced further. In addition, a fundamental model employing a discrete particle aggregate breakage equation combined with a Monte Carlo method has shown that the spinning wheel feeding system is able to consistently reduce particle aggregate size.
Long-term lake water temperature and ice cover simulations/measurements

Abstract The one-dimensional, numerical simulation model for vertical water temperature profiles in cold climate freshwater lakes developed by Gu and Stefan was modified and applied to two small lakes in the north-central US. Modifications include a new expression for vertical thermal diffusion coefficients derived from a detailed field study in a third lake, heat exchange with lake sediment for all layers from the water surface to the lake bottom, and a new implicit computational scheme. Water temperature profiles and ice thicknesses are simulated for Thrush Lake, Minnesota, (from 1986 to 1991) and Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin, (from 1983 to 1991) and compared to measurements. Standard errors between simulated and measured water temperatures in winter are 0.48°C and 0.60°C for Thrush Lake and Little Rock Lake, respectively. Standard errors between simulated and measured ice and snow thicknesses are 0.11 m and 0.06 m for Thrush Lake, respectively, and on the same order for Little Rock Lake. Model parameters/coefficients are kept constant over the entire simulation period. A sensitivity analysis of model results to one of the three threshold conditions for ice formation (mean water temperature) is performed. Simulation results around the freeze-over and ice-out dates are analyzed and illustrated specifically.
Aneurysm inflow-angle as a discriminant for rupture in sidewall cerebral aneurysms: morphometric and computational fluid dynamic analysis.

Background and Purpose— The ability to discriminate between ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms on a morphological basis may be useful in clinical risk stratification. The objective was to evaluate the importance of inflow-angle (IA), the angle separating parent vessel and aneurysm dome main axes. Methods— IA, maximal dimension, height–width ratio, and dome–neck aspect ratio were evaluated in sidewall-type aneurysms with respect to rupture status in a cohort of 116 aneurysms in 102 patients. Computational fluid dynamic analysis was performed in an idealized model with variational analysis of the effect of IA on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. Results— Univariate analysis identified IA as significantly more obtuse in the ruptured subset (124.9°±26.5° versus 105.8°±18.5°, P=0.0001); similarly, maximal dimension, height–width ratio, and dome–neck aspect ratio were significantly greater in the ruptured subset; multivariate logistic regression identified only IA (P=0.0158) and height–width ratio (P=0.001...
The significance of the electrocardiogram in electrolyte disturbances

Abstract 1. 1. Magnesium excess and deficit produce no clearly defined change in the electrocardiogram which is of value clinically. 2. 2. Calcium excess exhibits no reliable electrocardiographic aberrations. Calcium deficiency produces an anomaly which may be useful in conjunction with a clinical suspicion but which is duplicated by many other conditions. The prolonged Q-T interval due to increased S-T duration with a normal T width is to be distinguished from the prolonged Q-T interval due to a widened T wave associated with potassium deficiency. 3. 3. Potassium intoxication is quite reliably represented by the electrocardiogram at blood levels above 7 meq. per liter and fairly so at 6.5 meq. per liter if a base line electrocardiogram has been taken to determine increase in the height of the T waves. The electrocardiogram indicates potassium concentration and does not show total potassium content which may actually be low. 4. 4. Potassium deficit with a blood level below 3.0 meq. per liter is accurately depicted by the electrocardiogram in about 80 per cent of cases. The picture is far from specific, and clinical data are of great importance in interpreting the electrocardiographic abnormalities. At times, the electrocardiogram represents the body deficit more accurately than the blood potassium does, especially in renal disease. However, in some cases, levels as low as 0.9 meq. per liter have been reported with normal electrocardiographic findings. 5. 5. The electrocardiographic signs of hyperpotassemia may be normalized in animals by injections of hypertonic sodium chloride without lowering the serum potassium concentration. 6. 6. Some of the possibilities as to the cause of the electrocardiographic alterations are presented.
Membrane processes for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning

Abstract This article reviews literature on using membranes in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications. Membranes enable the separation of one species from another, and membranes allowing the selective permeation of water vapor can be used to condition air in buildings, potentially more efficiently than conventional HVAC equipment. After a brief background on membrane technology, this review focuses on the following processes: vacuum membrane dehumidification; membrane energy recovery ventilation; liquid desiccant dehumidification; liquid desiccant regeneration; evaporative cooling; and humidification. It highlights the design, modeling, and experimental research on these topics, and suggests areas for further research.
On the growth of lenticular martensite

Abstract It is proposed that the growth of lenticular martensite typically occurring in the FeNi and FeC systems takes place by the propagation of waves throughout the material. Two different types of waves are postulated: longitudinal transformation waves and transverse transformation waves, propagating at velocities of the order of elastic waves. The longitudinal transformation wave initiates the transformation process, once an embryo has reached a critical size whereupon it becomes a nucleus; it propagates radially along directions contained in the habit plane, forming the mid-rib. The martensitic disc generated by the longitudinal transformation wave acts as a second-order nucleus for the transverse transformation. The term ‘second-order nucleus’ is used to distinguish it from the ‘first-order nucleus’ that gives rise to the start of the transformation. The transverse transformation waves propagate perpendicularly to the habit plane, starting at the mid-rib. Accordingly, different defect generation mechanisms operate along the longitudinal and transverse propagation directions, due to the differences in stress state and substructure at the fronts and propagation velocities. The model allows the determination of the shape of a growing martensite plate, which closely resembles lenticular martensite. If xz is the habit plane, the direction of transverse propagation is oy and the major shear direction is ox, the martensite lens can be described, at time t, by the equation (x 2 + z 2 ) 3 2 x 2 v ed + z 2 v es − 1 k ln (1 − k¦y¦ v es ) = t where ved and ves are the velocities of longitudinal and shear elastic waves and k is a parameter. The arrest of growth takes place by uncoupling between the transformation front and the plastic waves that precede it. The implication of the pressure rise associated with the wave upon the nucleation is discussed.
Ia antigens on non-lymphoid tissues their origins and functions

Ia molecules are encoded in the 1 region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (MIX) and expressed as surface antigens on certain immunologically active cells (reviewed in Ref. 1). B cells, subsets of T helper and T suppressor cells and accessory, antigen-presenting cells are Ia-positive (Ia+) while T killer cells and natural killer cells are not. This article discusses the nature and function of Ia+ cells found in non-lymphoid tissues, some of which are immunologically involved while others are not obviously so.
Rate controlled sintering of nano-sized BaTiO3

Rate controlled sintering (RCS) was applied to nano-sized BaTiO3 powder compacts. The starting average particle size was measured to be 270 nm. Resulting microstructures were compared to those from constant heating rate sintering (TCS). Specimens were heat treated under a series TCS and RCS schedules until reaching 1350 degrees C. Grain sizes and porosities were compared using digital analyses of SEM microstructures. The more rapid TCS and RCS rates resulted in smaller average grain sizes and greater volume percentages of porosity. Specimens were also sintered under a constant RCS rate to successive degrees of densification. A dramatic increase in average grain size was observed between shrinkage of 18.7 percent, and 19.1 percent. This excessive grain growth was attributed to the final stages of RCS heat-treatment where specimens were exposed to elevated temperatures in the range of 1250-1350 degrees C. These immoderate temperatures resulted from the RCS control algorithm's response to the specimens having reached near or complete termination of densification where they could not follow a rapid setpoint densification rate.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ultrastructural and freeze fracture localization of multilamellar liposomes containing a lipophilic cisplatin analogue in normal tissues and liver metastases of M5076 reticulosarcoma.

The tissue localization of multilamellar vesicles (MLV) (size 0.5 -5.0 μm) composed of dimyristoylphosphatidyl choline (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidyl glycerol (DMPG) (molar ratio 7:3) containin...
Persistence, amortization and randomization

We explore several problems associated with persistent data structures, deriving our moti­ vation from problems left open by Driscoll, Sarnak, Sleator and Tarjan in [15]. We exhibit simple methods to completely eliminate amortization from one of the data structures of Driscoll et. at.. We show new methods for making some data structures, including disjoint­ set union-find, partially persistent in optimal time and space. We discuss some motivations for eliminating amortization from data structures in general, and explore a family of "pebble" games associated with eliminating amortization from data structures in general and from persistent data structures in particular. One relevant version of this pebble game shows that randomization may be a useful tool for elimination of amortization. The University of Rochester Computer Science Department supported this work. •A preliminary version ofthis paper was presentedat the 2nd Annual ACM.SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), San Francisco, USA, Jan. 1991. tDept. of CS, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627. This work is supported by NSF grant CCR-8909667. lDept. of CS, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627.
Extreme Values from a Lognormal Law With Applications to Air Pollution Problems

In this paper an attempt is made to show how certain empirical relationships observed in an analysis of air pollution data can be interpreted using extreme-value theory. In order to accomplish this, it was necessary to determine the limiting distribution of the maximum term of a random series from the lognormal law. Since an explicit development of this limiting distribution including a determination of the normalizing constants, is not available in the literature to the knowledge of this author, an appendix has been devoted to it. Potential applications of the extreme value theory to problems of air quality are pointed out.
Estrogen responsive cells in the arcuate nucleus of the rat contain glutamic acid decar☐ylase (GAD): an electron microscopic immunocytochemical study

Abstract Twenty-one days after ovariectomy (OVX) an increased frequency of lamellar cytoplasmic organelles, termed ‘whorl’ bodies (WB), was observed in neurons of the rat arcuate nucleus (AN). When estradiol valerate (2 mg s.c.) was injected either at the time of OVX or one week later, the frequency of WB at 21 days was reduced. The estrogen treatment resulted in a concomitant rise in the frequency of ‘nematosomes’ (NS), filamentous electron-dense cytoplasmic structures. In the medial part of the AN glutamic acid decar☐ylase (GAD) immunopositive symmetric (Gray II) synapse were observed in contact with WB- and NS-containing cells. After colchicine treatment, GAD immunoreactivity was observed in the WB- and NS-containing perikarya in the medial AN. Some of the NS-containing cells in the lateral AN of the colchicine-pretreated animals remained immunonegative for GAD.
Dietary Stress Increases the Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum to Beauveria bassiana

Sanitation being an important component of chemical-free management of stored-products pests, the nutritional stress on insects that results from a clean environment may prove advantageous to the use of microbial controls. Dietary stress by food deprivation or suboptimal diet increased susceptibility of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), larvae to Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Fungus-related mortality increased linearly with the number of days of food deprivation. Rearing of larvae on a rice meal diet resulted in slower development and greater susceptibility to B. bassiana than rearing on whole wheat flour with brewer's yeast. Larvae that were fed for 24 h on flour with B. bassiana conidia consumed significantly less and weighed significantly less than those that were fed fungus-free flour. Thus, the presence of B. bassiana conidia is itself a cause of dietary stress.
Reduction of the pertechnetate anion with bidentate phosphine ligands.

The reduction of ammonium pertechnetate with bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm), and with diphenyl-2-pyridyl phosphine (Ph2Ppy), has been investigated. The neutral Tc(II) complex, trans-TcCl2(dpp...
Key Articles and Guidelines in the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant medical diagnosis that affects millions of patients each year. Appropriate management of VTE can help treat the initial event as well as reduce the frequency of complications such as postthrombotic syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and death. Due to increasing regulatory requirements, hospitals nationwide are developing necessary documentation of appropriate and safe use of anticoagulants for the management of VTE. It is essential that a wide range of clinicians have an understanding of what constitutes appropriate VTE treatment in various patient populations. With the existence of numerous pharmacologic agents, abundance of major clinical trials, and nationally recognized clinical guidelines, compiling the needed reference material to make evidence-based decisions on appropriate VTE treatment can be difficult for clinicians. Therefore we have provided bibliographies of key articles and guidelines related to the treatment of VTE with a number of different strategies in a variety of special patient populations. It is our hope that this compilation will serve as a resource for pharmacists, physicians, nurses, residents, and students responsible for the care of patients with VTE.
The Effects of Social Desirability, Intelligence, and Milieu on an American Validation of the Conservatism Scale

The purpose of this investigation was to validate the Conservatism Scale (C-scale) with American Ss, and in the process, test the effects of conservative milieu, dogmatism, social desirability, and intelligence on C-scale responses. It was expected that the C-scale would be related to both dogmatism and intelligence, but not to social desirability. Ninety-four university students from the southern United States were administered the Conservatism, Rokeach's Dogmatism, Crowne-Marlowe's Social Desirability, and Raven's IQ scales. The results indicate that the C-scale is not contaminated by a social desirability response set. Significant positive correlations were obtained with the dogmatism scale, while intelligence was negatively related in a small, though significant way with conservatism. These results are discussed in terms of test format and mediation processes. That the C-scale was administered in a conservative culture had no effect on the pattern of C-scale responses, and there was no evidence that the expression of social attitudes was in any way divorced from underlying personality structure. The results indicate that the C-scale is a reliable and valid measure and can be satisfactorily used with American samples.
The distribution of bromine in coastal sediments and its use as a source indicator for organic matter

Abstract The distribution of bromine associated with sedimentary organic matter (SOM) was examined in the Gulf of Maine and two contiguous estuaries. The bromine to organic carbon (Br:OC) ratio is constant throughout the Gulf of Maine but shows considerable variability in the estuarine regions. These variations seem to reflect the bromine contents of the various primary productivity sources of the SOM. Decreasing Br:OC ratios correlate with decreasing δ 13 C values in a suite of estaurine sediments containing varying proportions of marine-derived and terrigenous SOM. High Br:OC ratios appear to represent macroalgal contributions to SOM. While both Br and OC levels are dependent upon sediment texture, their ratio is not. Br:OC ratios in SOM are higher than those of its primary productivity sources, which may result from residual enrichment of brominated organic material during decay rather than uptake of Br − by SOM.
Problems of maintaining nutrition in the highly food-sensitive person

In the beginning, allergists had to be mainly concerned with the taking away of foods. Now more attention must be paid to the replacing of the hurtful foods with harmless ones. The problem of doing this is often difficult. Some highly food-sensitive persons could be saved from much distress if all the constituents of processed foods were listed on the label. Approximately 60 per cent of Americans are somewhat food-sensitive, and perhaps 2 per cent are highly food-sensitive.
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN EXTINCT AND EXTANT RANINIDAE (DECAPODA: BRACHYURA)

ABSTRACT Recognition of two different configurations of the abdomen in the Eocene raninid crab, Lophoranina bishopi Squires and Demetrion, 1992, from the Tepetate Formation in Baja California Sur, Mexico, represents the first published notice of sexual dimorphism in fossil representatives of the Ranininae. Examination of extant representatives of the six extant subfamilies of Raninidae documents sexually dimorphic characters of the abdomen throughout the family, although the style and degree of development of dimorphic features varies throughout the subfamilies. Recognition of patterns of sexual dimorphism of abdomina in the Raninidae is particularly useful in the fossil record where conventional means of determining gender are not preserved.
The Relationship between Counselor Satisfaction and Extrinsic Job Factors in State Rehabilitation Agencies.

In a national study, researchers collected survey data from 315 state rehabilitation agency counselors in 16 states to examine job satisfaction and extrinsic job factors. This report provides statistical analyses and extensive descriptive data characteristics. For example, only 46% of the sample reported having a master's degree (or higher) in some form of counseling, and only 25% reported possessing the certified rehabilitation counselor credential. Rehabilitation counselors reported a high degree of job satisfaction. Counselor job satisfaction correlated significantly with six extrinsic job factors, and gender differences concerning satisfaction with these extrinsic factors were found. Recommendations for state agency surveys are provided.
Relationship between Use of Labor Pain Medications and Delayed Onset of Lactation

Background:Despite estimates that 83% of mothers in the United States receive labor pain medications, little research has been done on how use of these medications affect onset of lactation.Objective:To investigate whether use of labor pain medications is associated with delayed onset of lactation (DOL).Methods:We analyzed data from the 2005-2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a longitudinal study of women from late pregnancy through the entire first year after birth (n = 2366). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, we assessed the relationship between mothers’ use of labor pain medication/method and DOL (milk coming in > 3 days after delivery).Results:Overall, 23.4% of women in our sample experienced DOL. Compared with women who delivered vaginally and received no labor pain medication, women who received labor pain medications had a higher odds of experiencing DOL: vaginal with spinal/epidural only (aOR 2.05; 95% CI, 1.43-2.95), vaginal with spinal/epidural plus another medication (aOR 1.79...
A comparison of ethanol absorption and narcosis in Long- and Short-Sleep mice following intraperitoneal or intragastric ethanol administration

Blood ethanol concentrations (BEC) were determined in Long-Sleep (LS) and Short-Sleep (SS) mice during a 30 min period following ethanol (ETOH) administration. Absorption of ETOH was rapid and followed a similar time course in the two lines after intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 3.8 or 4.5 g/kg. Following intragastric (IG) administration, slower absorption and lower peak BECs were noted in both lines, but in LS mice this effect was more pronounced. The two routes of administration were not effective in altering duration of loss of the righting reflex (LRR), or waking BECs following 4.5 g/kg ETOH. LS mice had the expected longer LRR durations and lower BECs at waking than did SS mice. Differences in absorption rate and peak BEC are concluded to be unrelated to ETOH neurosensitivity in these mice.
Influence of calcium on selectivity of ion absorption process

Several polyvalent cations affect absorption by excised plant roots similarly to calcium. Magnesium appears to be an exception. It is suggested that either the particular mechanism involved is not specific for calcium or that the polyvalent cations act via a calcium interaction. Calcium was found to have the property of drastically altering the ratio of absorption of scdium and potassium from a mixture of the two. Using lithium and Na + K solutions it was shown that the absorption system was extremely sensitive to smal1 concentrations of calcium. As little as 10/sup -6/ M calcium was suificient to cause a detectable change in absorption rates. The effect of calcium is enhanced in mixtures of sodium and potassium compared to its effect in single salt solutions. The essentially constant sum of the absorptions of sodium and potassium in spite of large changes in the ratio of absorbed sodium and potassium caused by the presence of calcium suggests a common metabolic carrier. The controlling behavior of calcium was found in the roots of six different species of plants. This may indicate a widespread occurrence. (auth)
Lithotripsy for calculi in caliceal diverticula

There is continuing debate about the optimum management of patients with calculi in caliceal diverticula. Extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy (EPL) has the advantage of being non-invasive, whereas endourological management can treat the underlying anatomical problem. A total of 20 patients with calculi in caliceal diverticula were treated with EPL. Twelve of 16 patients with symptoms (75%) were rendered symptom-free but only 5 (25%) became stone-free. This information should be of value in counselling patients before selecting the appropriate treatment.
You bet: How personality differences affect risk-taking preferences

Abstract Individuals exhibit personal preferences in gambling games, like slot machines, even when their options are economically equivalent. Here we explore how personality differences affect risk-taking preferences in slot-like games that vary along two dimensions of a risk space, namely the wager amount or “utility” (in a “W-game”) and the winning chances or “probability” (in a “P-game”). The independent variables are personality measurements made by three scales: the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Scales (BIS/BAS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and the Zuckerman Sensation-Seeking Scale. Our results suggest that risk-taking is governed more by concern for a loss (measured by BIS) than desire for a win (measured by BAS), although both variables impact risk-taking preferences. We also find that Sensation-Seeking relates more to the chances (probability) of a win than the amount (utility) of a win. Impulsivity did not affect players’ choices in either game, presumably because it affects the choice to play or not play in the first place.
Proliferation of lamellar whorls in arcuate neurons of the hypothalamus of male rats treated with estradiol benzoate or cyproterone acetate.

The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (AH) of male rats which had been treated either with estradiol benzoate (E2B) or cyproterone acetate (CPA) was examined ultrastructurally for the presence of whorls of endoplasmic reticulum. The incidence of whorl containing neurons (WCN) was 2–4 times higher in the AH of animals treated for 2–3 weeks with E2B or for 2 weeks with CPA than in the AH of oil treated controls. CPA is a powerful anti-androgen while E2B acts both peripherally and centrally to limit testosterone production. These findings, together with previous evidence that whorls proliferate in AH of male rats deprived of androgen by morphine treatment or castration, suggest that steroid feedback (androgen alone or both androgen and estrogen) plays an important role in AH whorl proliferation. The possibility that WCN may be LH-RH containing neurons is suggested by the close correspondence between the number and location of WCN within AH as determined in this study and the distribution of LH-RH containing cells reported by others.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF CYCLOPROPANE AND CYCLOPROPYL RADICAL: STRUCTURE AND VIBRATIONAL ANALYSIS

Ab initio Hartree–Fock calculations of the structure and vibrational frequencies of cyclopropane and cyclopropyl radical are presented. It is found that the αCH bond in the radical is bent 39.3° out of the CCC plane, the inversion barrier is 3.0 kcal/mol and the pyramidal bending mode has a frequency of 713 cm−1. Compared to cyclopropane, the αCC bonds are stronger, and the βCC bond is weaker in the radical. The shortening of the αCH bond, and the hyperconjugative interaction of the unpaired electron onto the βCH bonds previously observed in alkyl radicals, are found to be much less pronounced in the cycloproply radical.
Contextualizing images in dreams and daydreams.

A contextualizing image (CI) is a powerful central image of a dream which appears to “contextualize” (provide a picture-context for) the dreamer's emotion. For instance, dreamers who have experienced any serious traumatic event sometimes dream, “I was overwhelmed by a tidal wave.” This appears to picture their feeling of terror and/or vulnerability.
Searching documentation using text, OCR, and image

We describe a mixed-modality method to index and search software documentation in three ways: plain text, OCR text of embedded figures, and visual features of these figures. Using a corpus of 102 computer books with a total of 62,943 pages and 75,800 figures, we empirically demonstrate that our method achieves better precision/recall than do alternatives based on single modalities.
Estrogen Regulation of Prolactin Gene Transcription in Vivo: Paradoxical Effects of 17β-Estradiol Dose

We investigated in male rats the effects of a range of doses of 17β-estradiol on PRL gene transcription, the level of circulating estradiol, and the levels of nuclear and cytosolic forms of the anterior pituitary estrogen receptor. One hour after 17β-estradiol injection, transcription of the PRL gene was significantly stimulated by 0.1 ng and maximally stimulated by 1.0 μg/animal. Lesser stimulatory effects were observed 1 h after injection of 10 or 100 ng. At this 1 h point, the level of circulating estradiol was linearly increased relative to the 17β- estradiol dose. The level of nuclear form estrogen receptor was increased from 8% of the total receptor content in control rats to 12%, 28%, 50%, and 64% of the total receptor content in rats that received 0.1,1.0,10.0, and 100 ng, respectively. The anterior pituitaries of rats injected with 100 μg 17β-estradiol contained 30% fewer measurable estrogen receptors than control rats. Thus, dose-dependent losses of transcriptional responsiveness and measurable ...
A geostatistical study of a pilot area in the Griffithsville oil field

A geostatistical study of the Berea Sandstone reservoir was conducted for a ninety acre pilot area in the Griffithsville oil field in West Virginia. The effect on the predicted oil recovery of different techniques to estimate interwell reservoir properties is presented. Semivariograms were constructed for several reservoir properties including permeability and porosity. Despite the relatively tight well spacing, a large apparent nugget effect was observed. A parametric study examined the effect on predicted oil recovery of using polygonal weighting, linear interpolation, kriging and conditional sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) to estimate key reservoir properties for grid blocks without wells. History matching of the pilot waterflood provided estimates for some other reservoir parameters. Due to the large apparent nugget effect and the absence of data at small lags, two semivariogram models were used for the kriging and SGS cases. One was a pure nugget model which assumed reservoir properties were randomly distributed spatially. The second was a spherical semivariogram model with no nugget effect and the range roughly equal to the well spacing. Oil recovery from the pilot area was calculated using a black oil reservoir simulator with selected input reservoir properties calculated using the above methods. Recovery was calculated for primary depletion and waterflooding assuming two scenarios for each case; one in which the wells were not stimulated and another in which the wells were hydraulically fractured. Fracture stimulation usually increased the calculated producing rates more when the input data was estimated using the pure nugget semivariogram model than when using the spherical model. Simulations using SGS generated input data tended to have the highest recoveries followed by simulations with data generated using kriging, linear interpolation and polygonal weighting. The reservoir simulation results illustrate the need to use the best reservoir description in reservoir engineering analysis.
The use of modeling for flight software engineering on SMAP

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission proposes to deploy an Earth-orbiting satellite with the goal of obtaining global maps of soil moisture content at regular intervals. Launch is currently planned in 2014. The spacecraft bus would be built at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), incorporating both new avionics as well as hardware and software heritage from other JPL projects. [4] provides a comprehensive overview of the proposed mission.
Atypical anterior optic neuropathy caused by toxoplasmosis.

Abstract PURPOSE: To report atypical anterior optic neuropathy due to toxoplasmosis. METHODS: Interventional case report. A 33-year-old male presented with sudden painless loss of vision and floaters in the right eye. Examination demonstrated a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200, optic nerve head edema, retinal hemorrhages, and vitreous opacities. RESULTS: Nine days later, a granuloma at the optic nerve head was apparent, and the patient was treated with pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, folinic acid, and prednisone. Six weeks after initiating therapy, best-corrected visual acuity had improved to 20/25. CONCLUSION: Optic nerve involvement in toxoplasmosis is uncommon and, when it occurs, usually presents with a white inflammatory mass on the optic disk. The current case demonstrates the importance of including toxoplasmosis in the differential diagnosis of unilateral anterior optic neuropathy, even if a focal inflammatory mass is not apparent.
Non-histone protein synthesis during G1 phase and its relation to DNA replication.

The kinetics of non-histone chromosomal protein (NHCP) synthesis were studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) plateau phase cells stimulated to proliferate and were compared to NHCP synthesis kinetics in two populations of synchronous G1 traversing cells. In all cases, NHCP synthesis rates increase 3- to 5-fold as cells traversed G1 and attained maximum values one hour before semi-conservative DNA replication began. Similar to results in synchronous G1 cells, the molecular weight distributions of the NHCP fraction from stimulated plateau phase cells underwent only minor changes, measured by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as these cells moved toward S phase. Yet, during this progression after plateau phase and in the transition from early G1 to late G1 in synchronous cells, the total NHCP fraction increased significantly (1.5–2-fold) in amount per cell. These data indicate that plateau phase cells are similar to early G1 cells, both in terms of their amounts of non-histone per cell and in their subsequent NHCP synthesis kinetics as they move toward S phase. These results extend previous findings which suggested that NHCP synthesis was coupled to DNA replication and demonstrate that the increased NHCP synthesis and accumulation in chromatin may be a biochemical marker for G1 progression.
Unilateral visual deprivation and avian optic lobe development

Abstract The total decussation of avian optic tracts offers a system in which biochemical correlates of visual deprivation in one tract can be compared with the opposite tract as a normal control. The short term effect of unilateral eye removal in new hatched chicks was to prevent the normal increases in tissue weight and to modify the level of acetylcholinesterase activity in the contralateral optic lobe.
The discrete element method for the simulation of ball mills

Abstract The discrete element method (DEM) is a proven numerical technique for modelling the multibody collision behavior of particulate systems. This method is used here to study the motion of ball charge in tumbling mills. To get meaningful results, it is essential that the parameters involved in the model be carefully determined. These parameters embody essentially the material properties of the system: stiffness, damping, and friction. In this study, all the parameters are carefully determined experimentally for different operating mill conditions. A computer code based on DEM has been developed to model the motion of the balls in tumbling mills. The code incorporates a scheme to calculate the applied torque, and hence power input to the mill. A 55-cm ball mill is simulated for two different liner cross-sections— rectangular and triangular. Results of the simulations pertaining to applied torque are compared with the experiments. It is found that, with a particular model for the coefficient of friction, the predicted torque agrees well with the experiments.
Pascal on Self-Caused Belief

Let me begin with a true story. Years ago, early in my career as a professor of philosophy, I had a fascinating series of conversations with a student whom I will call Peter. He was a bright and incisive senior, with a double major in philosophy and psychology. Raised in a religious family, the son of a Christian minister, he was himself unable to believe. His doubts were too strong. But the odd fact was that he genuinely wanted to believe. His religious scepticism deeply troubled him; part of him envied the faith of his parents. How do you go about making yourself believe?, he asked me. How do you go about having the kinds of religious experiences that lead people to faith? These were long and intense conversations, and I was unable (though I tried) to move Peter away from his doubts. So far as I know he is still a sceptic.
RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE SURVIVAL OF PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS LINES IN INFANTS

We evaluated prospectively the effect of 11 variables on the survival of PVL. PVL were monitored from the time of cannula placement to discontinuation. Sites were inspected hourly for clinical signs of infiltration. 151 PVL were studied in patients whose median age was 1 month (range 0.1-8.7 months). 58% of PVL infiltrated. The time to infiltration was 36.3 ± 33.5 (mean ± SD) hrs (median:40 hrs;range 10-187 hrs). No difference existed in non-infiltrated vs infiltrated PVL for patient age, sex, weight, cannula type/gauge, site, infusion device, IV drugs, administration rate, or potassium/dextrose solution concentration. Infiltration frequency was > in blacks than whites (p=0.03), and with lower controller head heights (p=0.01). Infiltration probability was significant for, steel > teflon cannulas (p=0.02), IV drug > no drug (p=0.03), and with increasing cannula gauge (p=0.05). No difference in the time to infiltration existed for 5% vs 10% dextrose, potassium ≤ 20 mEq/L vs > 20mEq/L, and gravity controlled vs positive pressure infusion devices. No tissue sloughing or necrosis occurred. Only 13% of infiltrated PVL were associated with an audible infusion device alarm. We conclude: 1) black infants, decreasing controller head height, increasing cannula gauge, use of steel needles, and IV drug administration increases the probability of and decreases the time to infiltration, and 2) present infusion device alarms do not reliably detect infiltration in infants.
Contralateral papillary thyroid cancer: does size matter?

Abstract Background The optimal extent of thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) Methods We examined 228 patients with PTC who underwent either completion or total thyroidectomy and analyzed the predictive value of tumor size, histology, margin status, capsular invasion, extrathyroid extension, multifocality, and node metastases. Results We observed no differences in the rate of contralateral disease in patients with primary PTC ≥1 cm compared with those having disease P = .43). Multifocality was the only factor predictive of contralateral PTC in patients with tumors P = .02). Patients with tumors Conclusions The presence of contralateral PTC appears to be unrelated to the size of the primary tumor. Furthermore, in patients with PTC