cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Properties of interfaces of diamond

Abstract Results related to two different interface aspects involving diamond are described: (1) the initial states of CVD diamond film growth, and (2) the negative electron affinity and formation of metal-diamond interfaces. The surface and interface properties are probed with STM, Raman scattering/photoluminescence and angle-resolved UV photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS). STM measurements of diamond nuclei on Si after various plasma growth processes show both flat and hillocked structures characteristics of 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional growth modes, respectively. STS measurements show distinct I – V characteristics of the nuclei and the substrate. The presence of optical defects and the diamond quality are studied with micro-Raman/photoluminescence measurements. The results indicate an increased density of impurity-related defects during the initial stages of growth. The interface properties of Ti on natural crystal (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) surfaces are studied with ARUPS using 21.2 eV HeI emission. Prior to deposition the diamond (1 1 1) is chemically cleaned, and a sharp (0.5 eV FWHM) peak is observed at the position of the conduction band minimum, indicating a negative electron affinity surface. After a subsequent argon plasma clean this peak disappears, while the spectrum shows a shift of 0.5 eV towards higher energies. Upon sub-monolayer titanium deposition on (1 1 1) diamond, the negative electron affinity peak reappears. Further titanium depositions causes this titanium-induced negative electron affinity peak to be attenuated, indicating that the emission originates from the interface. A similar experiment, done on the diamond (1 0 0) surface, however, does not result in a negative electron affinity. By determining the relative positions of the diamond valence band edge and the titanium Fermi level, the Schottky barrier height of titanium on diamond is measured. A model, based on the Schottky barrier height of titanium on diamond, and the work function of titanium, is proposed for the observed titanium-induced negative electron affinity.
Family therapy of extrafamilial sexual abuse

A significant portion of children referred for psychiatric treatment have been sexually abused. One of the most difficult symptom manifestations to treat in young children is the management of anger. In this case, a 4-year-old boy was sexually abused by persons outside the family. He showed symptoms of regressive behavior including encopresis, enuresis, difficulty sleeping, fearfulness, recurrent nightmares, and had hyperalertness and frequent outbursts of anger. Treatment initially involved group therapy, with a concurrent parents' group. After experiencing little improvement in group therapy, the youngster was put in individual play therapy and family therapy. Family therapy proved essential in creating a safe environment for the patient where he could learn to regulate his affect and process his traumatic experience successfully.
Using a Self-Operated Auditory Prompting System to Improve the Work Performance of Two Employees with Severe Disabilities

This study investigated the use of a self-operated auditory prompting system on the work performance of two supported employees with severe disabilities in community employment settings. A reversal design was used to evaluate the extent to which each employee's work performance improved as a function of the self-management system. Dependent measures included percent of intervals working, accuracy of work task, and total time spent working. Musical tapes that were embedded and interspersed with the auditory prompts increased the work performance for each employee. Future research for implementing an auditory prompting system in community employment settings is discussed.
Localization of a segment of 16S RNA on the surface of the small ribosomal subunit by immune electron microscopy of complementary oligodeoxynucleotides.

Abstract Oligonucleotides that complement Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA residues 685–696 and 694–705 have been synthesized so as to incorporate antibody-recognizable markers: a 3′-terminal residue of N 6 - Δ 2 -isopentenyladenosine, a 5′-dinitrophenyl group, or both. Each oligonucleotide is able to bind RNA within the small ribosomal subunit, whether free or in 70S ribosomes Immune electron microscopy places probes at nucleotides 685, 694 and 705 within a single area, at the tip of the subunit platform, very near the position of the 3′-end of the 16S RNA.
Reclassification of patients with pT3 and pT4 renal cell carcinoma improves prognostic accuracy

BACKGROUND The significance of adrenal invasion and tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been debated recently. The authors evaluated the associations of direct adrenal invasion, perinephric fat invasion, and tumor thrombus level with outcome to determine whether reclassification would improve the prognostic accuracy of the current primary tumor classification. METHODS The authors studied 697 patients treated with nephrectomy for pT3 and pT4 RCC between 1970 and 2000. Associations with outcome were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression and prognostic accuracy was measured using the c index. RESULTS Among patients with pT3 RCC, direct adrenal invasion was significantly associated with death from RCC (risk ratio, 2.11; P = 0.004). No significant difference in survival was found between patients with pT4 RCC and pT3 tumors with direct adrenal invasion (P = 0.490). Among patients with pT3b RCC, those with level I–III tumor thrombus were significantly more likely to die of RCC compared with patients harboring level 0 tumor thrombus (risk ratio, 1.62; P < 0.001). In addition, patients with fat invasion were more likely to die of RCC compared with pT3 patients without fat invasion (risk ratio, 1.87; P < 0.001). Therefore, patients with pT3 RCC were reclassified into 4 prognostic groups, and this reclassification significantly improved prediction of death from RCC compared with the current classification (c indices of 0.61 vs. 0.55, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Direct adrenal invasion from RCC should be reclassified as pT4. In addition, the proposed reclassification for patients with pT3 RCC improved prognostic accuracy. Cancer 2005;. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
National distribution of blood groups, personal violence (suicide and homicide), and national character

A cross-national study of 17 industrialized nations was carried out, relating the incidence of people with O, A, B and AB blood groups in each nation with rates of personal violence (suicide and homicide) and national characteristics. Nations with a higher proportion of people with Type O blood had lower rates of suicide and were rated as less anxious. Language: en
Planarizing a-C:H and SiO/sub 2/ films prepared by bias electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposition

Room-temperature bias electron cyclotron resonance plasma deposition of both carbon- and silicon-based planarization materials has been demonstrated. Planarization layers of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) have been deposited from 1-butene and 1,3-butadiene. Oxide and aluminum features 1- mu m deep by 2- mu m wide have been planarized to less than 50 nm in height using 1.2- mu m-thick a-C:H films. Silicon dioxide layers have been deposited using a mixture of N/sub 2/O, Ar, and 5% SiH/sub 4/ diluted in N/sub 2/. Using films nominally 1.5 mu m thick, 800-nm-deep topography can be reduced to less than 50 nm for lines as wide as 3 mu m. The planarizing SiO/sub 2/ layers have been characterized using ellipsometry and Auger electron spectroscopy and found to have a refractive index and stoichiometry comparable to those of thermally grown gate oxide. The time necessary for planarization and the final film thickness are dependent upon the aspect ratio of the features to be planarized and the deposition conditions. >
Adptive quantum computation, constant depth quantum circuits and arthur-merlin games

We present evidence that there exist quantum computations that can be carried out in constant depth, using 2-qubit gates, that cannot be simulated classically with high accuracy. We prove that if one can simulate these circuits classically efficiently then BQP ⊆ AM.
Real-Time Aerodynamic Flow and Data Visualization in an Interactive Virtual Environment

Significant advances have been made to nonintrusive flow field diagnostics in the past decade. Camera based techniques are now capable of determining physical qualities such as surface deformation, surface pressure and temperature, flow velocities, and molecular species concentration. In each case, extracting the pertinent information from the large volume of acquired data requires powerful and efficient data visualization tools. The additional requirement for real time visualization is fueled by an increased emphasis on minimizing test time in expensive facilities. This paper addresses a capability titled LiveView3D, which is the first step in the development phase of an in depth, real time data visualization and analysis tool for use in aerospace testing facilities
A First Investigation into the Teleoperation of a Miniature Rotorcraft

This paper presents preliminary results for research on the development of a systematic approach for the analysis and design of teleoperation systems for miniature rotorcrafts. Through teleoperation it is possible to take advantage of the human cognitive abilities and control skills when performing precision flight tasks remotely. Miniature rotorcrafts provide unique capabilities for operation indoors or near buildings and infrastructure. However, they also present some unique challenges due to their limited payload and challenging dynamics. Successful aerial teleoperation will depend on our ability to implement control augmentations, and in parallel, relay the necessary cues to the operator to perform the task. To optimize the design of such a system, we need to be able to quantify the operator workload and task performance and have a systematic way to use those metrics to determine the effectiveness of the control augmentation and operator cueing being tested. The paper introduces the key aerial teleoperation challenges and uses an example flight task to illustrate our design and analysis framework.
Changing trends in incidence and predictors of radiographic contrast nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention with use of fenoldopam.

showed that selective dopa-mine-1 receptor agonist fenoldopam protects againstcontrast-mediated reduction in renal bloodﬂ ow com-pared with Schering 23390, a dopamine-1 receptorantagonist. Although fenoldopam has been shown tobe a “reno-protective” agent in the setting of renalischemic injury during percutaneous coronary inter-vention (PCI),
Chemoembolization in the Management of Liver Tumors

The dual vascular supply of the liver affords a unique opportunity to explore intraarterial therapies for hepatic malignancies. Chemoembolization is a well-established technique combining intra-arterial chemotherapy with delivery of embolic agents in order to achieve an antitumor effect due to a high local concentration and prolonged dwell time of the drug, along with select ischemia. Many tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors, cause symptoms and death by local growth and destruction of the liver. While there are other methods capable of controlling small or isolated hepatic neoplasms, none are suitable for the majority of these patients. Chemoembolization can produce significant results in terms of tumor shrinkage in many of these patients, and there are studies to suggest a survival advantage in hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicity, however, may be substantial, and patient selection is crucial in order to achieve the optimal benefit of this powerful technique for individual populations.
Sociosexual development, pair bond formation, and mechanisms of fertility suppression in female cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus)

The effect of various social environments on sociosexual behavior was examined in six young female cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) and in three established breeding females. Behavioral observations and hormonal samples were collected on young females while they were living with their families, when they were isolated from conspecifics, and after they were paired with an unrelated male. While living with the family, all females showed a suppression of fertility and low frequencies of sociosexual behavior. Following removal from the family, isolated females displayed an increase in rate of scent marking and an increase in hormonal levels. When young females were paired with males, they were exposed to scent secretions from their natal families, from an unfamilar family, and from a control for a total of 24 weeks. After pairing, hormonal levels increased dramatically, and ovarian cyclicity began. An increase in sociosexual behavior and elevated levels of scent marking accompanied this physiological change. Newly paired females had higher rates of affiliative behavior and scent marking than did established breeding females. However, both newly paired and established breeding males were more likely to initiate contact, grooming bouts, and social sniffing than were females. Time to first ovulation was later in females who were exposed to scent secretions from their natal families than it was in those females given a control for the first 8 weeks following pairing. No female conceived during exposure to scent secretions. However, once normal ovarian cycling had begun or a pregnancy was established, exposure to scent secretions had no effect. Thus, the social environment influences the fertility, sociosexual behavior, and pair bond formation of cotton-top tamarins. In addition, chemical stimuli found in the scent secretions produced by the natal family are most likely involved in reproductive suppression.
Unlearning certainty: Toward a culture of student inquiry

Intelligent individuals, Dewey asserts, do not mind a romp in the ambiguous or uncertain. Quite to the contrary, they are attracted to the doubtful as an occasion for learning: In the face of uncertainty, learning begins. Yet, how much uncertainty or ambiguity do we permit to seep into schools and classrooms? In the following pages, I explore the relationships among ambiguity and uncertainty on the one hand, and learning and school culture on the other. Specifically, I propose that if we accept with Dewey that the hallmark of intelligence is the ability both to seek out that which is doubtful and so to attempt to make sense of such problematic situations, and if the purpose of formal education is to cultivate human intelligence, then our schools must become places where uncertainty and ambiguity are cherished, rather than eschewed or merely tolerated. My comments are inspired by two rather distinct experiences. The first is a year-long study of an 11th grade U.S. history class in a 30-year-old public high school in the San Francisco Bay area, described
Energy expenditure and physical fitness in overweight vs non-overweight prepubertal girls.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether overweight children have lower physical activity energy expenditure (EE) and fitness levels than non-overweight children. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-four healthy girls aged 7‐10 y were divided into overweight (> 95th percentile weight-forheight) and non-overweight (10‐90th percentile) groups. Basal metabolic rate (BMR), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), 24 h sedentary EE (SEE) and total EE (TEE) were measured by room respiration calorimetry and doubly labelled water. Physical activity EE and physical activity level (PAL) were calculated. Fitness (VO2peak) was measured by a treadmill exercise test. RESULTS: The overweight group had significantly higher body weight, percent fat, fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) (P< 0.001). The overweight girls had higher BMR, SMR, SEE and TEE (P< 0.001), but not after adjustment for FFM. Physical activity EE and PAL were not significantly different between groups. After adjusting for FFM or weight, submaximal and peak VO2 were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that these overweight girls do not have lower physical activity EE or fitness levels than the non-overweight prepubertal girls, however, the rather high body fat of the non-overweight group may have precluded us from finding any differences between groups.
A 3-152 Mbps scalable OFDM-based wireless transceiver

A complex and pervasive wireless network needs different levels of requirements and features for the radio unit used in each node. This makes the conventional approach of building a specific transceiver for each feature set very expensive and even undesirable. In this paper, we introduce a generalized solution that first builds a quantum unit from which all the required radios can be built. We analytically study and derive the optimum choice of design parameters to optimize bandwidth efficiency, interference tolerance, system complexity and power consumption. Based on the proposed structure, a wide range of radio configurations can be accommodated which support data rates from 3 to 152 Mbps. The theoretical analyses are also supported by system level simulations.
Finite horizons, human wealth, and the risk-free rate puzzle

Abstract In an overlapping generations economy the risk-free rate depends on risk aversion, the elasticity of intertemporal substitution, the share of wealth invested in human wealth, and the life expectancy. The model extends the previous literature, and provides interesting testable implications.
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome: a rare autosomal dominant syndrome with multiple lipomas and hemangiomas: a case report and review of literature.

Abstract BACKGROUND Bannayan-Zonana syndrome is a rare hamartomatous disorder, characterized by macrocephaly, multiple lipomas, and hemangiomas. Inheritance is by autosomal dominant transmission with few reported sporadic cases. Male predominance is also reported. METHODS We describe a patient who presented with multiple subcutaneous lipomas, mild macrocephaly, and an extradural spinal hemangioma. Other affected family members and 24 other previously reported cases are discussed. RESULTS Spinal hemangiomas have not been described previously with this syndrome. The patient also had a “malignant bone tumor” removed from his humerus 20 years ago. Two of the patient’s siblings also had lymphoma, which is an unusual accompaniment not reported previously. Only the male members in the family showed multiple subcutaneous lipomas. CONCLUSION Some patients with Bannayan-Zonana syndrome may have hamartomatous lesions producing cord compression or intracerebral hemorrhage, or they may rarely have other malignant tumors; therefore it is important that neurosurgeons are aware of the entity. The early diagnosis of BZS is also important for genetic counseling.
Massive monoclonal expansion of functionally stable human regulatory T cells (THER5P.826)

Adoptive Treg transfer is a promising therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases. Most current approaches rely on the enrichment and in vitro expansion of non-clonal, presumably thymus-derived Treg cells. Limitations include low expansion rates, contaminating effector cells, and unstable suppressive activity. Here, we hypothesized that cloning of human CD4+CD127lowCD25highFoxP3+HELIOS+ cells yields a highly pure cellular product with stable suppressor function throughout repeated re-expansion cycles. Cloning was performed through selection for CD4+CD127lowCD25+ cells by magnetic bead isolation and expansion in limiting dilution conditions. Suppressor function was tested in suppression assays of CD3/CD28-stimulated allogeneic Teff cells. Clonality was assessed by Vbeta staining. To demonstrate validity of our approach for a human autoimmune disease we also cloned Treg from a patient with Behcet's disease, a multisystem vasculitis. Cloning efficiency was 2-5/100 seeded cells. Treg clones were homogenously CD4+CD127lowCD25highFoxP3+HELIOS+, and clonality was confirmed by staining for a unique TCR Vbeta chain. Clones maintained at least 80% suppression at a 1:4 Treg:Teff ratio over 8 weeks in in vitro culture. Expansion rate was up to 9.8 billion-fold. Our results indicate that massive expansion of human antigen-specific Treg clones is a feasible approach for the generation of large numbers of functionally stable regulatory T cells for preclinical and clinical testing.
Physician and staff perceptions of barriers to colorectal cancer screening in Appalachian Kentucky.

Background Data indicate that in 1997 to 1999, only 44% of Appalachian Kentuckians underwent colorectal cancer screening consistent with guidelines. We investigated the reasons for, barriers to, and follow-up of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations in primary care practices seeing patients from Appalachian Kentucky. Methods A mixed-methods [qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (survey)] approach was used to gather and analyze data in five primary care practices. A total of 34 participated in the focus groups. Results In focus groups, physicians and office staff reported a number of indicators for CRC screening; physician, patient, and procedural barriers to CRC screening; and strategies to overcome these barriers to screening. Most physicians used personal experience to guide screening, but it was unclear what was meant by personal experience. Commonly cited patient barriers to screening were fear and embarrassment. Physicians reported several approaches to overcome these barriers, including establishing trust and educating patients. Survey data identified a number of resources to assist practices in promoting screening, most commonly, patient educational materials. Finally, fecal occult blood test was most commonly recommended because it is inexpensive and easy to administer. Conclusions Our mixed methods approach not only helped to understand the physicians' perceptions of the problems and barriers to CRC screening in Appalachian Kentucky, but also elucidated how practices endeavor to overcome these barriers and identified the additional resources practices would like in order to promote CRC screening.
SEQUENCE AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF DEER MOUSE INTERFERON-γ, INTERLEUKIN-10, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR, AND LYMPHOTOXIN-α

Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the principal host species of Sin Nombre (SN) virus, the primary etiologic agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in North America. The disease is a cytokine-mediated immunopathology characterized by pulmonary mononuclear infiltrates without discernible viral pathology. Infected deer mice remain life-long carriers and virus is found in many organs, including the lungs, but without pathology. It is unclear how deer mice respond to SN virus because no tools exist to examine the immune response in infected animals. As an initial step in examining host responses to SN virus, we have cloned partial cDNAs of deer mouse interferon- (IFN-), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin- (LT). IL-10, TNF and LT sequences are highly conserved compared to orthologs of other mammalian species, while IFN- is substantially less conserved. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the amino acid sequences of IFN- and TNF may be useful in resolving relationships at the subfamily level within the rodent family Muridae. While all four sets of analyses were able to reconstruct clade Rodentia, they were not able to resolve the relationships among the mammalian orders represented in this study. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes determined that maximal IFN- and TNF expression occurred rapidly while IL-10 and LT expression was maximal at 24 h.
Identification of expressed resistance gene-like sequences by data mining in 454-derived transcriptomic sequences of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Background: Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes in the world. Several diseases severely reduce bean production and quality; therefore, it is very important to better understand disease resistance in common bean in order to prevent these losses. More than 70 resistance (R) genes which confer resistance against various pathogens have been cloned from diverse plant species. Most R genes share highly conserved domains which facilitates the identification of new candidate R genes from the same species or other species. The goals of this study were to isolate expressed R gene-like sequences (RGLs) from 454-derived transcriptomic sequences and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of common bean, and to develop RGL-tagged molecular markers. Results: A data-mining approach was used to identify tentative P. vulgaris R gene-like sequences from approximately 1.69 million 454-derived sequences and 116,716 ESTs deposited in GenBank. A total of 365 nonredundant sequences were identified and named as common bean (P. vulgaris = Pv) resistance gene-like sequences (PvRGLs). Among the identified PvRGLs, about 60% (218 PvRGLs) were from 454-derived sequences. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis confirmed that PvRGLs were actually expressed in the leaves of common bean. Upon comparison to P. vulgaris genomic sequences, 105 (28.77%) of the 365 tentative PvRGLs could be integrated into the existing common bean physical map. Based on the syntenic blocks between common bean and soybean, 237 (64.93%) PvRGLs were anchored on the P. vulgaris genetic map and will need to be mapped to determine order. In addition, 11 sequence-tagged-site (STS) and 19 cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular markers were developed for 25 unique PvRGLs. Conclusions: In total, 365 PvRGLs were successfully identified from 454-derived transcriptomic sequences and ESTs available in GenBank and about 65% of PvRGLs were integrated into the common bean genetic map. A total of 30 RGL-tagged markers were developed for 25 unique PvRGLs, including 11 STS and 19 CAPS markers. The expressed PvRGLs identified in this study provide a large sequence resource for development of RGL-tagged markers that could be used further for genetic mapping of disease resistant candidate genes and quantitative trait locus/loci (QTLs). This work also represents an additional method for identifying expressed RGLs from next generation sequencing data.
Frequency domain subspace identification of a tape servo system

As capacity demands for magnetic tape storage systems grow, servo actuator design for tracking data on high density tape media presents new modeling and control design challenges. In this paper a frequency weighted subspace identification algorithm is presented for control relevant model estimation of a tape servo actuator. Common to other subspace identification methods, the proposed algorithm is based on linear algebra techniques providing means for model order selection and model computation. The proposed subspace identification also allows for frequency dependent weightings to emphasize frequency data around the cross-over frequency to find models relevant for control design. The algorithm is applied to data obtained from a tape storage device, demonstrating model order selection and the estimation of servo actuator dynamics with control relevant model fit criteria.
Der Plug-in-Hybridantrieb des VW Passat GTE

2015 prasentiert Volkswagen mit dem Passat GTE erstmals einen Passat mit Plug-in-Hybridantrieb auf Basis des Volkswagen-Modulbaukastens fur elektrische Antriebe. Angeboten wird der Passat GTE als Limousine und Variant. Ein 1,4-l-TSI-Motor mit 115 kW und ein Elektromotor mit 85 kW Leistung treiben ihn an. Die Kraftubertragung erfolgt, wie beim Volkswagen Golf GTE, uber das Sechsgang-Doppelkupplungsgetriebe DQ400E mit einem ubertragbaren Moment von 400 Nm. Die Lithium-Ionen-Hochvoltbatterie mit einem Energieinhalt von 9,9 kWh ist fur den Passat GTE neu entwickelt und ermoglicht eine elektrische Reichweite bis zu 50 km.
Is the Bond Market a Reliable Partner in the Regulation of Banks? An Examination of Subordinated Debt and the Pricing of Residential Mortgage Risk During the Financial Crises

Toxic mortgage related assets in bank portfolios have tested the pervasive free market wisdom that markets can effectively discipline the risk taking behavior of financial firms. In the buildup to the current crises, banks over-leveraged themselves by investing in risky mortgage securities. In an efficient and perfectly informed market investors punish firms for outsized risk taking, however when the assets in question are opaque, hard to price, and new it is difficult for investors and bank regulators alike to unveil the true risk inherent in management actions. Subordinated debt can act as an effective tool for market discipline of US banks because the debt falls outside the protection provided by regulators, since it is subordinate to deposits and outside the deposit insurance safety net. The role of subordinated debt in achieving market discipline is twofold: first, by demonstrating its spread over US treasuries of similar maturities, subordinated debt reveals the market evaluation of the riskiness of a particular bank. Second, subordinated debt issuance is thought to fulfill a preventive role such that banks that issue subordinated risks are less likely to engage in riskier investment precisely due to the fact that they face a higher level of investor scrutiny. The purpose of paper is to test the effectiveness of subordinated debt holders in fulfilling these two roles. Our paper updates the literature on the market disciplining mechanism of subordinated bond spreads by examining the role of underlying mortgage assets in the pricing of subordinated bonds by investors. Our preliminary results indicate that investors did indeed discipline banks that held or securitized high risk mortgage pools by requiring higher yields on subordinated debt.
The Psychology of Violence and Peace

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Supplemental reading strategy instruction for adolescents: A randomized trial and follow-up study

AbstractIn this study, the authors examine the impact of a yearlong supplemental reading course involving daily instruction in the learning strategies curriculum on lower achieving adolescent students' reading achievement and motivation. Using a multiple-cohort randomized treatment-control group design over 4 years, they compared achievement and motivation outcomes for 605 sixth-grade students who participated in the intervention with 530 students who did not participate and 593 ninth-grade students who participated in the intervention with 535 students who did not participate. Results indicated significant impacts of the intervention on reading achievement for ninth-grade students but not for sixth-grade students. Significant impacts on reading motivation were found for both sixth- and ninth-grade students. An exploratory follow-up study indicated potential benefits of a second year of intervention for sixth-grade students who are still low achieving after 1 year of intervention.
The association between airline flight and sinonasal symptoms.

Background Airplane cabin supply air has been shown to contain multiple possible respiratory irritants. In addition, changes in barometric pressure in flight may contribute to specific respiratory conditions. Therefore, there may be an association between commercial airline flight and sinus disease. Methods Participants of the Secondhand-Smoke, Air Quality and Respiratory Health Among Flight Attendants Study were administered an online questionnaire pertaining to their flight experience and respiratory health. Working years, working days per month, and number of trips per month were quantified, as well as smoking exposure and self-reported physician diagnoses of sinusitis, asthma, and rhinitis. The sinonasal outcomes were quantified using a Respiratory Questionnaire Survey (RQS) score. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between flight time and sinus disease. Results A total of 579 participants met the inclusion criteria for this study, with cohort prevalence of sinusitis, asthma, and rhinitis of 25.3%, 14.4%, and 20.5%, respectively. Tertiles 2 and 3 of working days per month were associated with higher RQS scores compared to tertile 1 (p for trend <0.01). Individual symptoms significantly associated with increasing number of working days per month included “need to blow nose,” “sneezing,” and “thick nasal discharge,” and the number of international trips per month was significantly associated with “coughing” and “facial pain and pressure,” among other symptoms. Conclusion This is the largest study to analyze the relations between airline flight time and sinonasal disease. The results suggest a possible association between sinusitis diagnosis, symptom scores, and specific sinonasal symptoms, and airline flight time.
Fuel-conservative four dimensional arrival trajectories using terminal-area constraints

Due to the constrained nature of the problem in the terminal area, ideal fuel-optimal trajectories cannot be followed. Most of the terminal area trajectory synthesis work, therefore, has been to produce a trajectory that meets all the constraints as simply as possible. For air traffic control automation, the trajectory synthesis problem has also been designed to follow controller practices to absorb delay. In this paper the methods used to absorb delay and changes to the flying style are examined to find the most fuel-efficient method of flying the aircraft under terminal-area constraints. Variations in path distance, speed, and flying style in the descents were examined in detail. In general, it is most fuel efficient to keep the average speed as high as possible, by changing the speed slightly at the beginning of the trajectory, rather than a larger amount later in the trajectory. Larger path distances are also more fuel efficient for the same time of arrival because of the higher average speeds. (Author)
The investigation of Lake Narutaki Dam

Lake Narutaki dam is situated in the Kibi Plateau, middle of the smooth hilly regions of Okayama prefecture. This dam has special water quality problems as it supplies city water. These problems are; (1) Coloring is caused by dissolved Mn and Fe from the bottom of the lake where oxygen is almost decreased to zero, (2) A nasty smell and bad taste of city water is originated from vegatative planktons. Therefore, the investigation into the actual condition of this lake was carried out from June to December of 1991. Mn and Fe were always found to be dissolved at the bottom of the lake in high concentration. In the middle of the lake, Fe concentration decreased but Mn had almost the same concentration as that of the bottom. At the surface of the lake, Fe concentration was 0.1-0.3 mg/L while Mn concentration was 0.02-0.4 mg/L. The vertical profile of the vegetative plankton in the water made no great difference until 4 m depth, but it radically decreased in deeper places more than 6 m depth. The following treatment methods are proposed from these data; (1) In order to avoid the influence and transport of Fe and Mn in the filter and subsequent back washing, the income pipe position should be varied in depth according to the season, (2) Longer contact with manganese powder for removing the color and prolonged contact with charcoal for removing nasty smell and bad taste, (3) Introducing advanced treatment for example Ozone treatment for upgrading the taste. With the use of above treatment methods, the problems are thought to alleviate. However, the measure of the origin of pollution is desirable to protect the water quality of this lake, because water is scarece in this region and the only source of water supply is this dam.
The association of Peyronie's disease with HLA B7 cross-reactive antigens. A case report of identical twins.

Previous reports in the literature suggest an association between Peyronie’s disease and certain histocompatibility antigens. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first-reported cases of identical twins with Peyronie’s disease. Each was initially treated with medical therapy. This failing, they then underwent successful plaque excision with dermal grafting to correct their marked penile curvature with restoration of sexual function. HLA typing was carried out on these twins as well as all available family members. Physical examination of the family members indicates that the twins’ father has Peyronie’s disease and the son of one of the twins has mild induration of the dorsum of the penis as well as a slight lateral deviation of the erect penis. A brother of the twins has some dorsal penile thickening but no penile deviation. Each of the twins, the symptomatic son, and the affected father were found to have the B7 cross-reactive antigen. These data suggest that a form of Peyronie’s disease may be inherited. Further understanding of these histocompatibility antigens may allow greater understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder in a subset of the population.
Delay tolerant network routing resource allocation model on general k-anycast

Concerning the routing resource allocation on Delay Tolerant Network(DTN),general k-anycast was proposed for mobile network disruption and network segmentation scenarios.The access router information matrix was made to decide the general k-anycast sets in order to modify access time probabilistic uncertainty of DTN routing.Then routing resource allocation model was built.Whereby it can allocate routing and bandwidth resources between k eligible accesses routers in the access period,therefore,packets can be custody transferred simultaneously to multiple destinations.The platform simulation results on NS2 show that in the traffic supersaturated regions,its transmission performance such as delay and throughput can achieve nearly linear change,with more 18%-20% of the total effective bandwidth utilization than multicast DTN routing algorithm,which indicates that the model can achieve better transmission performance and robustness in congestion,and be applicable to the vehicle network environments with the regularly moving paths,such as public transportation and logistics.With effective path prediction algorithm,it can be further applied to the general environment.
Sarcoma associated with dacron prosthetic material: case report and review of the literature.

A case of a fibrosarcoma arising in association with a Dacron prosthetic graft is reported. This is the second report of such an association. Animal studies have shown that polymeric substances can induce similar sarcomas and that pore size between the polymeric strands is an important consideration in determining carcinogenicity. Grafts with pore size less than 0.4 p. in diameter should be avoided in man until they are absolutely proved incapable of tumorogenesis.
Ontogeny of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase containing lymphocytes in rats and mice.

In the classic publication by L. Chang (1), the ontogenetic appearance of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) was documented in the calf thymus by enzymatic analysis. TdT activity was also found in the thymus of pig, rat, rabbit, and chicken. Subsequently, TdT has been identified in high concentrations in the thymus and, in much lower concentrations, in the bone marrow of mice and human beings (2–4). Recently, minor populations of TdT-bearing cells have been demonstrated in bone marrow, spleen, liver, lung and blood of rats and mice by a sensitive and highly specific immunofluorescence assay (5–8). This technique has not only permitted direct quantification of TdT+ cells, but it has facilitated the study of their morphology, antigenic properties and anatomical distribution.
Cardiac allograft rejection as a complication of PD-1 checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy: a case report

The increased availability of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide array of cancer in the general oncology practice setting will reveal rare and unique toxicities. The mechanism of cardiac allograft rejection in the context of PD-1 antibody therapy was explored in a patient with cutaneous squamous cell cancer complicating long-standing cardiac allograft. Immune cell infiltrate in the myocardium and peripheral blood lymphocyte repertoire were assessed using myocardial biopsy and temporal analysis of peripheral blood samples. The efficacy of high-intensity immunosuppression to reverse graft rejection was explored. Endomyocardial biopsy showed acute moderate diffuse cellular rejection with a predominant population of CD3+, CD8+ and CD4+ infiltrating lymphocytes; peripheral blood circulating lymphocytes showed a high frequency of proliferating and activated CD8+ T cells expressing PD-1 compared to a normal control. There was no difference in the activation and proliferation of CD4+ T cells compared to a normal control. Cardiac function improved following high-intensity immunosuppression and patient survived for up to 7 months after discontinuation of nivolumab. Immune checkpoint inhibitors should be avoided in allograft recipients but high-intensity immunosuppression is effective to salvage allograft rejection induced by these agents.
GSK3β Is a Negative Regulator of Platelet Function In Vitro and In Vivo.

GSK3β is a ser-thr kinase that is itself phosphorylated on ser9 by the kinase Akt. Because Akt has recently been shown to regulate platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis in mice, we sought to identify Akt substrates in platelets that may play important roles in platelet function. We show here that the Akt effector, GSK3β, is present in platelets and becomes phosphorylated after treatment of mouse or human platelets with ADP or thrombin receptor-activating peptides (TRAP). Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of GSK3β is reduced by pre-treatment of mouse or human platelets with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and is also reduced in platelets from Akt2−/−Akt1+/− mice relative to non-littermate controls, suggesting that agonist-induced GSK3β phosphorylation is partially PI3K- and Akt-dependent. To determine whether GSK3β plays a role in platelet function, aggregation and secretion of dense granule contents were evaluated in human platelets treated with the GSK3 inhibitors, LiCl or SB216763. The dose-response curves for agonist-induced platelet aggregation and secretion were left-shifted in the presence of either inhibitor compared to untreated control platelets, suggesting that GSK3 activity suppresses platelet aggregation. Comparative immunoblots suggest that GSK3β is more highly expressed in platelets than GSK3α. Therefore, to confirm that GSKβ plays a suppressive role in platelet function, the aggregation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from GSK3β+/− mice was compared to that of non-littermate controls (GSK3β −/− mice die in utero). PRP from GSK3β+/− mice showed enhanced aggregation and secretion in response to U46619 or TRAP compared to control PRP. TRAP-induced binding of AlexaFluor-fibrinogen to platelet surfaces was also enhanced in washed platelets from GSK3β+/− mice compared to control platelets. Finally, the effect of GSK3β on platelet function in vivo was evaluated using two thrombosis models: a ferric chloride injury model of arterial thrombosis and a collagen-induced model of disseminated thrombosis. In the arterial thrombosis model, all GSK3β+/− mice (n=5) formed stable occlusive thrombi after ferric chloride injury to the carotid artery, whereas the majority of wildtype mice (67%) formed no thrombi, 27% formed stable occlusive thrombi, and 7% formed unstable thrombi under the same conditions (n=15). In a model of disseminated thrombosis, injection of a combination of collagen (170 μg/kg) and epinephrine (350 μM/kg) resulted in reduced survival of GSK3β+/− mice 10 minutes post-injection relative to wildtype mice (20%, n=5 versus 83%, n=6, respectively). Histological examination of lung sections suggested that all mice that died did so due to pulmonary embolism. These data suggest that removal of a single allele of GSK3β in mice confers enhanced sensitivity to thrombotic insult. Taken together, these results suggest that GSK3β is a substrate of Akt-dependent phosphorylation in platelets and, in contrast to the function of Akt, acts as a negative regulator of platelet function in vitro and in vivo.
Exploring Interactions Between NCAA Division I Athletic Directors and University Presidents: A Qualitative Study From Athletic Directors’ Perspectives

The landscape of college athletics is rapidly changing, due to issues like conference realignment, deregulation, academic integrity, and presidential control. As member institutions work toward a shared vision and future, the role of the athletic director (AD) continues to evolve and change. Given these changes and the increase in presidential control over National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) issues, this study explored relationship dynamics between ADs and presidents on university campuses from the perspectives of ADs. Research questions addressed what these interactions look like in developing a relationship between AD and president, how to foster positive interactions, and how to maintain them. Interviewing 12 ADs from a variety of Division I institution types, four major themes emerged: trust and communication, alignment, respect for expertise, and formal and informal relationships. In addition, the ADs interviewed talked at length about the relationship with presidents on their own campus,...