cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gonococcal opacity: lectin-like interactions between Opa proteins and lipooligosaccharide.

Previous evidence from our laboratory suggested that the tight intercellular adhesions between the outer membranes of gonococci displaying the opacity colony phenotype occurred because Opa proteins expressed on one gonococcus adhered to the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of the opposing bacterium (M.S. Blake, p. 51-66, in G. G. Jackson and H. Thomas, ed., The Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections, 1985, and M. S. Blake and E. C. Gotschlich, p. 377-400, in M. Inouye, ed., Bacterial Outer Membranes as Model Systems, 1986). A noncompetitive inhibition assay used previously to determine the carbohydrate structures recognized by the major hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor was modified to determine the gonococcal LOS structures that bind Opa proteins (R. T. Lee, Targeted Diagn. Ther. Ser. 4:65-84, 1991). The LOS carbohydrates used in these assays were LOS structures purified from pyocin LOS mutants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1291 described by K. C. Dudas and M. A. Apicella (Infect. Immun. 56:499-504, 1988) and further characterized by C. M. John et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 266:19303-19311, 1991). Purified gonococcal Opa proteins were incubated with each of the parent and mutant LOS, and the amount of binding of Opa proteins was measured by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the Opa-specific monoclonal antibody 4B12. The affinities of the Opa proteins for each of the LOS were determined indirectly by measuring the concentrations of Opa proteins that noncompetitively inhibited 50% of the binding of LOS-specific monoclonal antibodies. This concentration is inversely proportional to the affinity of the inhibitor (R. T. Lee, Targeted Diagn. Ther. Ser. 4:65-84, 1991). Our data suggest that the gonococcal Opa proteins tested had the highest affinity for the Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc residue present on the gonococcal lactoneoseries LOS. This affinity was comparable to that reported for the binding of the major hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor to glycoconjugates containing terminal galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine (R. T. Lee, Targeted Diagn. Ther. Ser. 4:65-84, 1991). After sialylation of the lactoneoseries LOS, presumably on the terminal galactose residue, the interaction with the Opa proteins was ablated. Therefore, the gonococcal Opa-LOS and mammalian epithelial cell asialoglycoprotein receptor-carbohydrate interactions have quite similar specificities.
Thermal Management Using Free Liquid Jet Impingement From a Slot Nozzle to a Curved Plate

The determination of a prime mover’s characteristics is important in ascertaining its suitability for combined heat and power (CHP) applications. By definition, its operation affects the operation of all heat recovery equipment downstream. The correct balance between component electrical efficiency and waste heat is needed if the electric power producing equipment is to be used in a CHP application in a cost effective manner. Understanding the relationship between electric efficiency and exhaust stream energy content for different prime movers systems is a first step in an overall CHP system optimization. The goals of this work are to determine the potential financial benefit of utilizing waste heat from various prime mover configurations as well as establish the relationship between the two types of energy generation and costs. An economic optimization was performed to determine the system with the lowest average product (electricity and thermal energy) generation cost. The prime mover system was required to meet the electrical load demand of a typical 9290 m2 (100,000 ft2 ) office building in New York, NY, USA. The composition of the most cost effective prime mover system, when considering both electrical and thermal energy generation, was shown to be a single microturbine. When comparing the electrical and thermal energy generation of all systems studied with product generation cost, the more cost effective systems had either high electrical efficiency with a low thermal energy generation or high amounts of waste heat with low electrical efficiency. Each installation site and load demand is unique. The results of this study, along with others, can be used to help determine a cost effective system for a particular application.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Modal analysis of semiconductor cylinder fibers

Semiconductor cylinder fibers (SCFs) are novel amplifying waveguide structures in which a semiconducting film is interlaid between conventional core and cladding fiber layers. We investigate the modal properties of SCFs by way of a comprehensive model which takes into account the wavelength-dependent refractive indexes of both the core and cladding glass layers and the semiconductor. Our semiconductor model also includes both thin-film effects and carrier-induced changes in the complex refractive index. We show that annular modes which are highly confined to the semiconductor are supported, and we calculate the corresponding modal effective indexes. Finally, we demonstrate that, depending on the pump-induced carrier concentration, a large gain is possible across a broad spectral region.
A Robust Texture Analysis and Classification Approach for Urban Land‐Use and Land‐Cover Feature Discrimination

Attempts to analyze urban features and to classify land use and land cover directly from high-resolution satellite data with traditional computer classification techniques have proven to be inefficient for two primary reasons. First, urban landscapes are composed of complex features. Second, traditional classifiers employ spectral information based on single pixel value and ignore a great amount of spatial information. Texture plays an important role in image segmentation and object recognition, as well as in interpretation of images in a variety of applications. This study analyzes urban texture features in multi-spectral image data. Recent developments in the very powerful mathematical theory of wavelet transforms have received overwhelming attention by image analysts. An evaluation of the ability of wavelet transform in urban feature extraction and classification was performed in this study, with six types of urban land cover features classified. The preliminary results of this research indicate that the accuracy of texture analysis in classifying urban features in fine resolution image data could be significantly improved with the use of wavelet transform approach.
Should weight be a criterion for lung transplant selection

“...a significant number of patients die while waiting for a lung transplant because of a lack of available organs.” Denis Hadjiliadis, MD, MHS, FRCP(C), FCCP Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA and Director, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Program, Associate Medical Director, Lung Transplantation Program, 835W Gates Building, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3600, Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Tel.: +1 215 615 3871 Fax: +1 215 662 3226 denis.hadjiliadis@ uphs.upenn.edu hadjiliadisdenis@ hotmail.com Lung transplantation is considered an acceptable treatment option for end-stage lung disease. The number of transplants performed has continued to increase over the years, reaching 2708 procedures worldwide [1] and 1465 in the USA during 2007 [2]. However, lung transplant outcomes remain inferior to other solid organ transplants with 1-year survival rates of 79% and 5-year survival rates of 52% [1]. In addition, a significant number of patients die while waiting for a lung transplant owing to a lack of available organs [2]. The number of waiting list deaths in the USA improved initially with the new lung allocation score and the donor increase initiative, but has now reached a plateau [2]. Therefore, it remains very important to select patients that have the best chance of survival after lung transplantation, to appropriately allocate this precious resource. According to the most recent guidelines by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, obesity is a relative contraindication to lung transplantation [3]. Obesity prevalence in the USA has dramatically increased over the last 15 years [101]. Using a definition of BMI above 30 kg/m, only one state in 2008 had a prevalence of obesity less than 20%, while six states had a prevalence of more than 30%. By contrast, in 1994 all 50 states had an obesity prevalence of less than 20% according to data from the CDC [101]. As a result of this rise in obesity, there is a significant increase in the number of obese patients requiring the provision of multiple healthcare services and clinicians frequently face questions on the appropriate management of these patients. These questions and dilemmas are likely to intensify over the next 5–10 years. Some patients with end-stage lung disease are at particular risk of obesity owing to steroid use (e.g., patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF]). Most recent reports suggest that the effect of obesity is small on survival outcomes. In cardiac surgery, obesity leads to a small but significant increase in mortality [4] and wound infections [5]. In other solid organ transplants, there are conflicting data on the effect of obesity on posttransplant outcomes; most suggest that these patients have worse outcomes [6–8], and almost all of the studies have suggested increased post-transplant complications. In addition, all the aforementioned have mainly considered patients with extreme obesity (BMI >35, or even 40 kg/m).
Dxo1 is a new type of eukaryotic enzyme with both decapping and 5′-3′ exoribonuclease activity

Rail1 is a component of the mRNA 5′-end quality-control mechanism in yeast. Structural, biochemical and functional studies of its homolog in Kluyveromyces lactis now reveal that the enzyme, dubbed Dxo1, has not only decapping but also 5′-3′ exonuclease activity, enabling it to single-handedly decap and degrade mRNAs from the 5′ end.
Physical properties of fruit and seeds ingested by primate seed predators with emphasis on sakis and bearded sakis.

Several primate radiations exhibit dental adaptations that enable them to gain access to seeds embedded in well-protected fruit. To a database drawn from published sources in which hardness of fruit and seeds were tested in the field, we added an additional 100þ species of plants used as resources by pitheciin primates (specifically, South American white-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) and bearded sakis (Chiropotes spp.). This sample allowed us to compare hardness of fruit and seeds and deduce the relative incisive and masticatory capability of several primate taxa (New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, prosimians and chimpanzees). Pitheciins have very well developed and highly modified anterior dentition that they use in gaining access to mechanically-protected fruit. In addition, their molars bear thin, but decussated enamel that protects the tooth enamel from crack proliferation. The ability of sakis (Chiropotes spp. and Pithecia pithecia) to open fruit orally was comparable to larger-bodied Old World seed predators—Lophocebus and Cercocebus. But, baboons and chimpanzees masticate seeds that are two to three orders of magnitude harder than sakis or mangabeys. In spite of their puncture abilities, � 40% of foods ingested by pitheciins were in the range of a ripe fruit eater (Ateles paniscus). This raises the possibility that pitheciins exemplify Liem’s paradox, that is, ‘‘that phenotypic specialization [is] not accompanied by ecological specialization’’ (Robinson and Wilson, 1998:224). Last, we examined the possibility that seeds may serve as fallback resources for primate seed predators. While pericarp hardness may vary seasonally for some seed predators (e.g., mangabeys), our data on bearded sakis and white-faced sakis suggest that seeds are their primary resources year round and pericarp hardness is unrelated to seasonal variation in rainfall. Pitheciins evolved specialized dentition that affords them access to relatively abundant and highquality resources, a feeding strategy that results in minimal variation in resource availability seasonally. Anat Rec, 294:2092–2111, 2011. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction of transpiration from wheat caused by germinating conidia of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici

Abstract Detached wheat leaves, 1 to 6 h after inoculation with viable conidia of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. trici , took up 25 and 20% less 32 P and 35 S, respectively, than did non-inoculated leaves. The transpiration rate of inoculated leaves was 25% less than non-inoculated leaves. Reduced transpiration occurred with both compatible and incompatible parasite/host genotypes. Relative diffusion resistances were higher for inoculated plants than for non-inoculated plants. U.V.-killed spores, chalk dust, carborundum, Puccinia recondita uredospores, and Helminthosporium victoriae conidia heavily dusted onto leaves did not reduce 32 P uptake. Under conditions of these experiments, the uredospores of P. recondita and the conidia of H. victoriae did not germinate.
Gaussian model adaptive time domain filter (GMAT) for weather radars

This paper presents an adaptive time domain filter for ground clutter filtering and signal parameter estimation for dual-polarization capable weather radars. The auto-covariance function of radar signal can be expressed as a sum of auto-covariance functions of the clutter, precipitation and noise that follow Gaussian forms. The filter matrix is designed such as when it is applied to the time series data, clutter component in the signal will be transformed to noise (i.e. the auto-covariance matrix is diagonal). However, weather echoes overlap clutter are also suppressed. An interpolation procedure then is used to recover the transformed part of the weather. The proposed design overcomes limitations of current spectral processing method caused by finite length of the data. A unique filter can be designed to use for both H and V channels for dual-pol parameter estimation. This way ensures the correlation between the two channels and minimizes estimate errors. In addition, the filter can be directly extended for staggered PRT 2/3 sampling scheme. The filter performance analysis was done using simulated time series radar data and CSU-CHILL measurements.
DERIVED LENGTHS OF SOLVABLE GROUPS SATISFYING THE ONE-PRIME HYPOTHESIS. III

A finite group G is said to satisfy the one-prime hypothesis if the greatest common divisor of any two distinct irreducible character degrees is either 1 or a prime number. The principal result of this paper is that if G is solvable and satisfies the one-prime hypothesis, and if G has a nonabelian nilpotent homomorphic image, then the derived length of G is at most 4.
Transformation and segregation of GFP fluorescence and glyphosate resistance in horseweed ( Conyza canadensis ) hybrids

The goal of this research was to generate a breeding population of horseweed segregating for glyphosate resistance. In order to generate a marker to select between hybrids of glyphosate resistant (GR) and glyphosate susceptible (GS) horseweed, a GR horseweed accession from western Tennessee was transformed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene. The GFP marker allowed for the simple and accurate determination of GR hybrid plants by visual observation. GR plants were shown to be transgenic via the green fluorescence under UV light, and resistant to glyphosate when sprayed with the field-use-rate 0.84 kg acid equivalent ha(-1) of glyphosate (i.e. Roundup) herbicide. An in vitro screen for glyphosate resistance in seedlings was developed, and a 5 microM glyphosate concentration was found to reduce dry weight in GS seedlings but not in GR seedlings. The GR plants containing GFP were then hand-crossed with GS plants from eastern Tennessee under greenhouse conditions, with GS plants acting as the pollen acceptor. Resulting seed was collected and germinated for GFP fluorescence screening. Seedlings that exhibited the transgenic GFP phenotype were selected as F(1) hybrids between GR and GS horseweed. Thirty GSxGR hybrids were produced on the basis of a green-fluorescent GFP phenotype of GR plants. GSxGFP/GR F(1) hybrids produced F(2) seeds, and F(2) plants were shown to segregate for GFP fluorescence and glyphosate resistance independently. Both traits segregated at a Mendelian 3:1 ratio, indicating a single gene is responsible for each phenotype.
Singularities of two-dimensional exterior solutions of the Helmholtz equation

A technique for locating possible singularities of two-dimensional ex-terior harmonic functions was discussed in a previous paper. In the present work, the method is generalized to exterior solutions of the Helmholtz equation. Although the procedure deviates in some of its details from the earlier exposition, the conclusions are similar. In particular, it is verified that solutions of the Laplace and Helmholtz equations that satisfy the same Dirichlet boundary condition on the same boundary, possess the same convex hull of singularities. The possibility of extending the method to more general equations is raised.
A randomized clinical trial of rib belts for simple fractures

The authors present a pilot study in which 20 patients with simple rib fractures were randomized prospectively into two treatment groups. One group received ibuprofen and the other group ibuprofen plus a rib belt for analgesia. There were no statistically significant differences observed in pulmonary function testing between the groups at initial visit, 48 hours, or 5 days. Atelectasis developed in four patients, two in each treatment group; there were no cases of pneumonitis. Patients with displaced rib fractures experienced a higher rate of hemo- or pneumothorax than did those with nondisplaced fractures (5/10 v 1/10). Patients with displaced fractures who used rib belts experienced a higher rate of hemothorax than those using oral analgesia alone (4/6 v 1/4). Patients using rib belts uniformly reported a significant amount of additional pain relief. The clinician can use a rib belt to provide additional comfort to the patient with fractured ribs without apparent additional compromise to respiratory parameters. A further study stratifying displaced and nondisplaced fractures has been initiated to clarify the possible contributing roles of displaced rib fractures and the rib belt in patients with displaced fractures.
Association of mandible shape and nesting material in Osmia Panzer (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae): A morphometric analysis

We combined methods of geometric morphometrics and phylogenetically controlled comparisons to examine the relationship between the shape of mandibles and material used to construct the nest for 5 Osmia Panzer species. We measured leaf- and mud-using species from 2 subgenera: in the subgenus Osmia, O. lignaria Cresson (mud-user), O. cornuta Latreille (mud-user) and O. ribifloris Cockerell (leaf-user), and in the subgenus Centrosmia, O. tanneri Sandhouse (mud-user), and O. bucephela Cresson (leaf-user). Landmark-based geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics provided a way to compare mandible shapes, distill major shape differences and visualize mandible regions that differed most among bee species. Mandible shape differed significantly among all species based on paired comparisons of Mahalanobis distances. Principal component analysis of the shape variables (relative warps analysis) revealed greater similarity between the 2 leaf-using bees, than among the mud-users. There were however, no consistent differences between these mud- and leaf-using species. Testing with two-way multivariate analysis of variance showed that the differences in shape between the leaf- and mud-using species depended on the subgenus. A broad proximate bite surface characterized leaf-using species. No such trait was common to mud-using species. Mandibles of leaf-using species may vary less because of selection on shape, or because of functional constraints for shearing and macerating leaf material; both constraints are absent in mud-using species. Mandibles of mud-using bees may respond more to selection imposed by other aspects of bee biology.
Tackling Pacific Hegemonic Formations on the American Gridiron

Tackling Complicity: How do we take on American colonialism in the Pacific in moments when strong elements of America and the Native Pacific seem to so mutually constitute each other? How do we when, for instance, American colonialism and militarization operate beyond government and warfare and extend into the realm of “traditional” islander culture? Or how do we when indigenous traditions express themselves in American cultural institutions, like football and military service? How to take on America in the Pacific, in other words, when America's most powerful arsenal is galvanized by Pacific cultural traditions, traditions that are often invoked as alternatives to American hegemony? It's difficult enough when economics press islanders into military service, but how do we deal with it when the U.S. military becomes valorized as the expression of, say indigenous Pacific warriorhood, or when military service becomes values of gratitude, loyalty, and respect? This paper tackles such formations head on, but n...
Review of “Judges beyond Politics in Democracy and Dictatorship: Lessons from Chile”

Judges beyond Politics provides an important contribution to the theoretical literature on comparative courts and politics.
Development of a Surrogate Mixture for Algal-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel

In this study, the chemical composition and physical properties of an algal-based hydrotreated renewable diesel (HRD) fuel were used to develop a surrogate mixture containing commercially available hydrocarbons. Analysis of the chemical composition of the algal HRD showed a small quantity of low-molecular-weight components and a high quantity of four high-molecular-weight components: n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane, and n-octadecane. Using these four components, a fifth branched component was added to match the physical properties of the algal HRD. Candidates for the fifth component were 2-methyloctane, 2-methylnonane, isooctane, and isododecane. The isooctane- and isododecane-based surrogates were tested in a Yanmar engine along with algal HRD and petroleum F76 diesel to assess the start of ignition, start of combustion, ignition delay, maximum rate of heat release, and overall combustion duration. The surrogate that best matches the physical properties of the flash point, density, viscosity, ...
Toxicity of Five New Insecticides to Stored-Product Insects

Three new compounds, Ciba C-9491 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O,O -dimethyl phosphorothioate), Cardona® (2-chloro-l-(2,1,5-trichlorophenyl)vinyl dimethyl phosphate), and Penick SBP-1382 ((5-benzyl-3-furyl) methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-mcthylpropenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate (ca. 70% trans, 30% cis isomers)), all showed greater toxicity than malathion to larvae of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), in topical-application tests. Cardona was also more toxic than malathion to adult cigarette beetles, Lasioderma serricorne (F.), and confused flour beetles, Triboliumconfusum Jacquelin duVal. Bay 75546 ( O -(3-bromo-5,7-dimethylpyrazolyl[1,5- a ]pyrimidin-2-yl) O,O -diethyl phosphorothioate), Bay 79845 ( O -(3-chloro-5,7-dimethylpyrazolyl[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl) O,O -diethyl phosphorothioate), Ciba C-9491, and Penick SBP-1382 were all very toxic to larvae of the black carpet beetle, Attagenus megatoma (F.), but were less effective than malathion when comparisons were made at the LD05level.
Effect of meals on the electrocardiogram of cardiac patients.

In a previous communication,1 we reported, for 12 normal men, the effect of meals on electrocardiograms recorded 30 and 60 minutes later. Most of the electrocardiographic functions, especially the T-wave, showed statistically significant changes, although the electrocardiograms remained within clinically normal limits. In 20 cardiac patients, mostly definite or suspected coronary disease, we recorded the standard limb leads, 3 chest leads (CF1, CF2, CF4) and the heart sounds before and at 30 and 60 minutes after a 1000-calorie meal. In 2 patients additional chest leads were taken. The location for the chest leads was marked on the chest by means of a colored pencil.Out of 10 patients with some symptoms of angina pectoris but with normal electrocardiogram before the meal and without any signs of decompensation, the electrocardiogram became abnormal after the meal. The abnormality involved inversion of the T-wave in lead CF2 or CF4 or increase in the size of a Q-wave in lead III. These patients felt no disc...
Engineering the Autotroph Methanococcus maripaludis for Geraniol Production.

The rapid autotrophic growth of the methanogenic archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis on H2 and CO2 makes it an attractive microbial chassis to inexpensively produce biochemicals. To explore this potential, a synthetic gene encoding geraniol synthase (GES) derived from Ocimum basilicum was cloned into a M. maripaludis expression vector under selection for puromycin resistance. Recombinant expression of GES in M. maripaludis during autotrophic growth on H2/CO2 or formate yielded geraniol at 2.8 and 4.0 mg g–1 of dry weight, respectively. The yield of geraniol decreased 2–3-fold when organic carbon sources were added to stimulate heterotrophic growth. In the absence of puromycin, geraniol production during autotrophic growth on formate increased to 4.6 mg g–1 of dry weight. A conceptual model centered on the autotrophic acetyl coenzyme A biosynthetic pathway identified strategies to divert more autotrophic carbon flux to geraniol production.
Doctorhood and motherhood.

Medicine and parenting possess many similarities, but they differ in at least one significant way.
Comparing young adults to older adults in e-cigarette perceptions and motivations for use: implications for health communication

Purpose Use of electronic cigarettes ('e-cigarettes' is rapidly rising, and is especially prevalent among young adults. A better understanding of e-cigarette perceptions and motivations for use is needed to inform health communication and educational efforts. This study aims to explore these aspects of use with a focus on comparing young adults to older adults. Methods In this qualitative study, the investigator conducted semi-structured interviews among a purposive sample of e-cigarette users. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and document themes. Results e-cigarettes were most commonly used for smoking cessation among both age groups. Young adults described other motivations for use including doing smoke tricks, being able to consume a wide variety of flavors, and helping them study. Some interviewees (11%) believed e-cigarettes were a healthy alternative to conventional cigarettes, while many other users (30%) expressed concerns about the unknown risks of e-cigarettes. Conclusion Findings were generally consistent across both age groups in their perceptions of harm from e-cigarettes and in subjective effects such as perceived addictiveness. However, individuals under 30 described unique motivations for e-cigarette use. Health messaging targeted to young adults should emphasize the potential health risks of e-cigarette use and recognize their distinct motivational aspects.
Dielectric Spectroscopy of Crystalline Polymers and Blends

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the dielectric relaxation characteristics of semi-crystalline polymers and blends. The chapter also describes the molecular mechanisms associated with each motional transition. It explores the relationship between dielectric relaxation response and crystalline morphology, which is influenced by polymer backbone structure and thermal and mechanical process history. Dielectric relaxation in single-component systems is also addressed. Representative examples of high crystallinity, medium crystallinity, and low crystallinity polymers are illustrated, with an emphasis on the low crystallinity semiflexible thermoplastics. Dielectric spectroscopy serves as a versatile and sensitive thermal analysis technique to probe these transitions and their relationship to polymer backbone structure and morphology. The chapter illustrates the application of dielectric methods and the strategies necessary to establish the origin and underlying mechanisms of the various relaxations encountered in semi-crystalline thermoplastics and blends. It states that improvements in electronic components and measurement techniques will continue to increase both the power and accessibility of dielectric methods. These improvements, in combination with advances in the theoretical description and simulation of polymer chain motion, will provide further insight into the chain dynamics of solid polymers and blends. This insight will help drive the development of new polymeric materials for a range of applications, as well as the refinement and control of processing for more conventional thermoplastic formulations.
The Dialectic Storytelling of the Standing Conference for Management and Organization Inquiry (sc'MOI ) as It Dismembers and Re-Members

Standing Conference for Management and Organization Inquiry (sc'Moi) is coming undone, in the process of ending its 25-year conference run, and being dismembered, its members leaving for other conferences. The purpose of my talk is to develop a Hegel and Žižek understanding of the dialectic of storytelling of sc'MOI. Žižek claims that Hegelian dialectics is making a comeback because it is uniquely suited to our time. Unlike the usual erroneous oversimplified formula reading of Hegel (thesis-antithesis-synthesis), I will assert there is no synthesis, Marx rejection of 'Spirit' and Adorno's turning dialectic into a pursuit of objectivity, leaves us with a shallow dialectics. By reclaiming the 'Spirit' in relation to system and science as well as materiality in Hegelian dialect, we have a new way to understand sc'MOI. Spirit is not about religion, but rather it is the experience of Reason in action and Being. Spirit stands in dialectic relation to the system principles (abstract, schemata), and to system that becomes science. In addition, Spirit's relation to system is worked out in space, in time, in mattering, or what Karen Barad calls spacetimemattering. Looking at the history of sc'MOI, I will claim sc'MOI never was a whole system, but rather a systemicity of unmerged and unfinalized parts in search of a whole. sc'MOI is was part of the umbrella conference (International Academy of Business Disciplines) until Boje was beheaded as IABD conference president, and three divisions of IABD jumped ship to start sc'MOI in 2004, and held its first conference in 2005. From 1993 till 2004, that means sc'MOI was only a potentiality, a shadowy outline of a conference, not actually coordinating its own location, audiovisuals, meals, coffee, setting its own schedule and business meeting, etc. Even after 2005, sc'MOI did not get its legs, did not merge its processes, did not sustain economically or socially as a robust alternative to the Academy of Management (AOM) conference, ever its nemesis. As sc'MOI prepares to dismember its membership and re-member its past, sc'MOI is without beginning, middle, and end. Its Spirit lives on, as do its materials: proceedings, paper presentations, receipts for room rentals and airline seats. sc'MOI is a movement, an opposition to modernity in its critical postmodernism, to corporate university, to TQM, reengineering, AACSB, to war, to globalization, to humanism in its posthumanism, and to unsustainability. Best to dismember before all of sc'MOI is unsustainable, its systemicity unraveling, its unfulfilled science, and only the sc'MOI Spirit actually can live on.
Controversial Therapies for Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Fad, Fashion, and Science in Professional Practice

Controversial Therapies for Autism and Intellectual Disabilities: Fad, Fashion, and Science in Professional Practice (2nd edition) was published ten years after the first edition, and is a valuable...
Classifying kinase conformations using a machine learning approach.

Signaling proteins such as protein kinases adopt a diverse array of conformations to respond to regulatory signals in signaling pathways. Perhaps the most fundamental conformational change of a kinase is the transition between active and inactive states, and defining the conformational features associated with kinase activation is critical for selectively targeting abnormally regulated kinases in diseases. While manual examination of crystal structures have led to the identification of key structural features associated with kinase activation, the large number of kinase crystal structures (~3,500) and extensive conformational diversity displayed by the protein kinase superfamily poses unique challenges in fully defining the conformational features associated with kinase activation. Although some computational approaches have been proposed, they are typically based on a small subset of crystal structures using measurements biased towards the active site geometry. We utilize an unbiased informatics based machine learning approach to classify all eukaryotic protein kinase conformations deposited in the PDB. We show that the orientation of the activation segment, measured by φ, ψ, χ1, and pseudo-dihedral angles more accurately classify kinase crystal conformations than existing methods. We show that the formation of the K-E salt bridge is statistically dependent upon the activation segment orientation and identify evolutionary differences between the activation segment conformation of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. We provide evidence that our method can identify conformational changes associated with the binding of allosteric regulatory proteins, and show that the greatest variation in inactive structures comes from kinase group and family specific side chain orientations. We have provided the first comprehensive machine learning based classification of protein kinase active/inactive conformations, taking into account more structures and measurements than any previous classification effort. Further, our unbiased classification of inactive structures reveals residues associated with kinase functional specificity. To enable classification of new crystal structures, we have made our classifier publicly accessible through a stand-alone program housed at https://github.com/esbg/kinconform [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.249090 ].
Biodegradation of phenol and benzene by endophytic bacterial strains isolated from refinery wastewater-fed Cannabis sativa.

ABSTRACTThe presence of benzene and phenol in the environment can lead to serious health effects in humans and warrant development of efficient cleanup strategies. The aim of the present work was to assess the potential of indigenous endophytic bacterial strains to degrade benzene and phenol. Seven strains were successfully isolated from Cannabis sativa plants irrigated with oil refinery wastewater. Molecular characterization was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phenol was biodegraded almost completely with Achromobacter sp. (AIEB-7), Pseudomonas sp. (AIEB-4), and Alcaligenes sp. (AIEB-6) at 250, 500, and 750 mg L−1; however, the degradation was only 81%, 72%, and 69%, respectively, when exposed to 1000 mg L−1. Bacillus sp. (AIEB-1), Enterobacter sp. (AIEB-3), and Acinetobacter sp. (AIEB-2) degraded benzene significantly at 250, 500, and 750 mg L−1. However, these strains showed 80%, 72%, and 68% benzene removal at 1000 mg L−1 exposure, respectively. Rates of degradation could be modeled with first-...
Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Children’s Selective Teaching

Whereas a large body of research has focused on the development of children as learners, relatively little research has focused on the development of children as teachers. Moreover, even less research has focused on the potential cognitive mechanisms associated with high-quality teaching. Here, we review evidence that children’s selective teaching is associated with at least three cognitive skills: the ability to represent mental states, the ability to infer mental states in real-time (i.e., what a pupil knows based on his or her behavior), as well as executive function skills. We note potential cultural differences in children’s teaching and highlight the need for future research.
Misperceptions: An Analysis of Subjective Economic Inequality

This paper focuses on an important aspect of economic inequality -- the question of how people perceive inequality and whether these perceptions deviate in any meaningful way from statistical measures of inequality. Perceptions of inequality have been shown to affect happiness, job satisfaction, and political support for redistribution, and studies have also shown that individuals tend to 'misperceive' inequality. Using a novel approach I find that individuals across different countries are able to correctly estimate the shape of the income distribution of the country where they reside. I also find that perceptions of inequality are frequently shaped by reference groups such as those formed according to educational attainment, age, and gender. Across countries, I find that education is a more important reference group where access to education (more specifically to higher education) is better. In addition, I find that age-related reference groups are more important in societies with higher intergenerational mobility. Lastly, gender reference groups are more relevant in countries where gender disparities are more accepted and more pronounced.
The climate and air-quality benefits of wind and solar power in the United States

Clean energy sources bring environmental and health benefits by reducing traditional electricity sources. Millstein et al. analyse data from 2007–2015 on the expansion of solar and wind power in the US to explore impacts in terms of air pollution, avoided emissions…
The effect of growth opportunities on the market reaction to dividend cuts: evidence from the 2008 financial crisis

Dividend cuts are typically associated with a negative stock price reaction. We contend that the market’s reaction to dividend cuts depends on the reason for the cut and the economic environment. Specifically, we posit that when external financing is constrained, firms that cut dividends and have high growth opportunities are better off than dividend cutters with low growth opportunities. We test this growth opportunities hypothesis by examining stock price reactions to dividend cuts around the 2008 financial crisis. Not surprisingly, we find negative average abnormal returns around the announcement day. However, consistent with our hypothesis, we find that firms with high growth opportunities experience higher abnormal returns. We also find that firms with high growth opportunities are more likely to resume the dividend payment within 5 years of the dividend cut and firms that resume their dividends have significantly higher long-term returns than non-resumers. Taken together, our evidence provides strong support for the growth opportunities hypothesis.
Ultrasound-guided introital drainage of pyometrocolpos

Abstract Pyometrocolpos can be caused by congenital malformations such as distal vaginal atresia and imperforate hymen. Patients usually present with obstructive urinary tract infections, acute kidney injury, or sepsis. Percutaneous drainage of the infected fluid can help treat the patient; however, recurrence is of concern. In this case report, we present a case of a child with recurrent pyometrocolpos due to distal vaginal atresia despite initial percutaneous drainage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ultrasound-guided introital drainage of pyometrocolpos with relief of symptoms obviating the need for repeat drainage or immediate surgery.
Governmental Response to Disasters: Key Attributes, Expectations, and Implications

This chapter examines the role of governmental institutions during disaster situations. It describes the political and policy context in which governments become involved in disasters, identifying key attributes of the governmental approach to disasters. The importance of the intergovernmental framework underlying a governmental response system is highlighted along with the possibility that different intergovernmental structures can be established and utilized. Regardless of the official arrangement of organizations and personnel in a response system, it is clear that intergovernmental processes have a significant impact on the performance of disaster response systems. And, in turn, crisis response efforts can have broader repercussions, shaping more general assessments of governmental performance in contemporary societies.
Analysis of area level and unit level models for small area estimation in forest inventories assisted with LiDAR auxiliary information.

Forest inventories require estimates and measures of uncertainty for subpopulations such as management units. These units often times hold a small sample size, so they should be regarded as small areas. When auxiliary information is available, different small area estimation methods have been proposed to obtain reliable estimates for small areas. Unit level empirical best linear unbiased predictors (EBLUP) based on plot or grid unit level models have been studied more thoroughly than area level EBLUPs, where the modelling occurs at the management unit scale. Area level EBLUPs do not require a precise plot positioning and allow the use of variable radius plots, thus reducing fieldwork costs. However, their performance has not been examined thoroughly. We compared unit level and area level EBLUPs, using LiDAR auxiliary information collected for inventorying 98,104 ha coastal coniferous forest. Unit level models were consistently more accurate than area level EBLUPs, and area level EBLUPs were consistently more accurate than field estimates except for large management units that held a large sample. For stand density, volume, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, mean height and Lorey’s height, root mean squared errors (rmses) of estimates obtained using area level EBLUPs were, on average, 1.43, 2.83, 2.09, 1.40, 1.32 and 1.64 times larger than those based on unit level estimates, respectively. Similarly, direct field estimates had rmses that were, on average, 1.37, 1.45, 1.17, 1.17, 1.26, and 1.38 times larger than rmses of area level EBLUPs. Therefore, area level models can lead to substantial gains in accuracy compared to direct estimates, and unit level models lead to very important gains in accuracy compared to area level models, potentially justifying the additional costs of obtaining accurate field plot coordinates.
Graphene/III-V Hybrid Diode Optical Modulator

We demonstrate a graphene/III-V hybrid diode optical modulator working over a large frequency range from NIR to THz. The hybrid diode is achieved by heterogeneous integration of graphene and III-V heterostructures by remote epitaxy growth.
DCMCS: Highly Robust Low-Power Differential Current-Mode Clocking and Synthesis

In this paper, we present a new differential current-mode pulsed flip-flop (DCMPFF) for low-power clock distribution using a representative 45-nm CMOS technology. Experimental results show that the DCMPFF has a 47% faster clock-to-output (CLK-Q) delay than a traditional voltagemode (VM)-pulsed FF. When the DCMPFF is integrated with a DCM H-tree clock distribution, the differential technique saves 53% and 26% power compared to conventional VM and previous current-mode (CM) clock networks, respectively. In addition, we propose the first DCM clocking and synthesis (DCMCS) methodology to improve the robustness and overall clock power of a network. The proposed DCMCS-based electromigrationaware clocking saves 79% and 51% average power with 7.7 and 11.3 ps lower clock skew when the DCM scheme is applied to ISPD 2009 and 2010 test benches, respectively.
Enzymatic treatment versus conventional chemical processing of cotton

Abstract: The processes of conventional chemical preparation that include desizing, scouring and bleaching are compared with those of fully enzymatic processes that, to date, include desizing and scouring but not bleaching. Much of the driving force to replace conventional cotton preparation chemistry has been the belief that enzymatic treatments can save energy because they operate at lower temperatures, and that the effluent from enzymatic treatments will be much easier to treat and clean up. The processes are evaluated with regard to effectiveness on cotton properties, and environmental and energy impacts, and their costs and benefits are compared.
Hepatitis Viruses as Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Hepatitis viruses are a diverse group of viruses, including RNA and DNA viruses, from different families that are named alphabetically hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G, and share in common a tropism for the liver. Hepatitis B, C, D, and G are transmitted via percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to infected body fluids, while hepatitis A and E are transmitted via the fecal–oral route. Despite these differences, all of these viruses can be transmitted via sexual activity and thus are considered sexually transmitted diseases. This chapter will cover each virus, discussing epidemiology, viral structure, genome and life cycle, pathogenesis, treatment, and complications. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is also discussed, as many people are infected with HIV and a hepatitis virus due to the shared modes of transmission.
Models of spinal cord regeneration

Publisher Summary An approach to spinal cord injury research is to employ developing mammals and nonmammalian species whose spinal cords might be expected to regenerate more completely than that of adult mammals. This chapter focuses this approach on the use of developing mammals. The spinal cord of mammals is capable of greater plasticity during development than at maturity. Cortical and brainstem axons grow around a lesion of their spinal pathway during development and they innervate areas caudal to the lesion that are appropriate to them. It also appears that axons grow through a complete transection of the cord in vitro. Developmental plasticity of descending spinal axons (at least that reported to date) results primarily from redirection of late growing axons that were not injured by the lesion, rather than regeneration of cut axons. Regeneration of cut axons has been documented, however, and its presence or absence may depend upon the age of the animal at the time of lesioning and/or the distance between the lesion and the axotomized cell body.
Evaluating Quality of Super-Resolved Face Images

The widespread use of super-resolution methods in a variety of applications such as surveillance has led to an increasing need for quality assessment measures. The current quality measures aim to compare different fusion methods by assessing the quality of the fused images. They consider the information transferred between the super-resolved image and input images only. In this chapter, we propose an integrated objective quality evaluation measure for super-resolved images, which focuses on evaluating the quality of super-resolved images that are constructed from different conditions of input images. The proposed quality evaluation measure combines both the relationship between the super-resolved image and the input images, and the relationship between the input images. Using the proposed measure, the quality of the super-resolved face images constructed from videos are evaluated under different input conditions, including the variation of pose, lighting, facial expressions and the number of input images.
Modeling of Capacitively Coupled Rf Discharge With Non-Sinusoidal Current Waveform

Cost efficient synthesis of graphene, graphitic nanopetals and carbon nanotubes has garnered tremendous interest by virtue of their plethora of applications in engineering and biosciences. Roll-to-roll radio frequency chemical vapor deposition (R2R RFCVD) is one such method of synthesis where free electrons in a capacitively coupled RF (CCRF) plasma transfer energy to gas molecules to generate highly reactive radical precursors. These precursors combine when they come in contact with a substrate that moves between the electrodes, and create a material film on it. The aim of this work is to model the CCRF discharge in the chamber with the ultimate goal of optimizing the deposition process.