cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carboxyhemoglobin Elevation Due to Hemolytic Anemia

A critically ill man with drug-induced hemolytic anemia and hepatic failure was hospitalized at a private academic medical center in Seattle, Washington. Intravascular hemolysis with associated endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production resulted in elevation of the patient's carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level to as high as 9.7%. Serial measurements of the patient's COHb level were obtained and compared with other conventional measures of hemolytic activity. With the availability of new non-invasive measurement technology to detect COHb elevations, emergency clinicians are likely to see COHb elevation as a manifestation of hemolytic anemia.
Serum Response Factor-dependent Regulation of the Smooth Muscle Calponin Gene

Smooth muscle calponin is a multifunctional, thin filament-associated protein whose expression is restricted to smooth muscle cell lineages in developing and postnatal tissues. Although the physiology of smooth muscle calponin has been studied extensively, thecis-elements governing its restricted pattern of expression have yet to be identified. Here we report on smooth muscle-specific enhancer activity within the first intron of smooth muscle calponin. Sequence analysis revealed a proximal consensus intronic CArG box and two distal intronic CArG-like elements, each of which bound recombinant serum response factor (SRF) as well as immunoreactive SRF from smooth muscle nuclear extracts. Site-directed mutagenesis studies suggested that the consensus CArG box mediates much of the intronic enhancer activity; mutating all three CArG elements abolished the ability of SRF to confer enhancer activity on the smooth muscle calponin promoter. Cotransfecting a dominant-negative SRF construct attenuated smooth muscle-specific enhancer activity, and transducing smooth muscle cells with adenovirus harboring the dominant-negative SRF construct selectively reduced steady-state expression of endogenous smooth muscle calponin. These results demonstrate an important role for intronic CArG boxes and the SRF protein in the transcriptional control of smooth muscle calponin in vitro.
Abstract LB-197: Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator (HGFA) Inhibitors of c-MET/RON Kinase Signaling

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Continuous advances have been made in the treatment of cancer however 70% of the patients still die of cancer every year strongly correlated to tumor metastasis. The treatment options available at present are rarely able to effectively treat metastatic cancer. Targeting hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling with receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors is a well-developed strategy for metastatic cancer therapy however no studies have explored targets upstream of kinase activation. One such target is hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA) which is upregulated in a large number of cancer cell lines and patient samples. HGFA is a trypsin-like serine protease which stimulates both the c-MET and RON signaling pathways by proteolysis of the inactive single-chain zymogen growth factor ligand precursors to activated two-chain HGF and macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) respectively. Increased activation of these pathways has been shown to trigger a number of downstream signaling events necessary for metastasis including cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The present study was undertaken to discover inhibitors of HGFA based on the naturally occurring bicyclic peptide, sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI). Using a combination of solution and solid-phase peptide methods, we have synthesized the natural product SFTI and analogs thereof. The compounds were tested for HGFA activity in a competitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay of proteolytic cleavage by using a fluorogenic peptide substrate. We have identified several inhibitors of HGFA with low μM activity in the FRET assay. We have also demonstrated one inhibitor effectively prevented the conversion of native pro-HGF to HGF as determined by western blotting in a biochemical assay of HGFA activity. This ground breaking discovery of novel HGFA inhibitors will enable future studies on the role of HGFA and other serine proteases in the regulation of growth factors, cell signaling, and cancer metastasis. Inhibitors of HGFA offer an innovative therapeutic strategy upstream of kinase activation and signaling for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-197. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-197
Mathematics-for-teaching: what can be learned from the ethnopoetics of teachers’ stories?

The purpose of this article is to consider what methods from ethnopoetics—a field at the intersection of linguistics and anthropology—may add to narrative inquiry in mathematics education. I build a theoretical framework to argue for the use of narrative inquiry and ethnopoetics in studies of teacher knowledge. I report ethnopoetic analyses of two teachers’ narratives and what they suggest regarding their knowledge of mathematics-for-teaching.
The chemistry and reactions of ozone in our environment

Abstract Modern usages of ozone take advantage of its properties as a very strong oxidizing agent that does not form chlorinated by-products. The redox reactions of ozone typically proceed through radical type chain mechanisms. Parallel reaction steps of the chain carrier radicals yield complex kinetic patterns. The formation and propagation reactions of the intermediates are very sensitive to the applied conditions such as pH, ionic media, the concentration and composition of applied buffers, the presence and absence of scavengers and promoters, and irradiation by daylight. The kinetics of the decomposition of ozone involve hydrogen peroxide as an intermediate -- especially in basic solution. These results provide kinetic evidence for the initiation step O3 + OH− → HO2− + O2 which corresponds to a two-electron transfer process or an oxygen atom transfer from ozone to hydroxide ion. The mechanistic implication of these reactions will be used to describe the role of ozone in disinfection and in water purification processes.
Dating violence and sexual assault prevention with African American middle schoolers: does group gender composition impact dating violence attitudes?

A dating violence and sexual assault prevention program was presented to 396, predominately African American, middle schoolers in two inner city schools in the United States. In one school the program was offered with a same-gender group composition; in the other school, the same program was offered with mixed-gender group composition. A quasi-experimental design was used to assess how gender composition in programming influenced youths’ attitudes about dating violence. Study findings suggest that boys benefit most from participation in a same-gender program and girls benefit most from a mixed-gender program. Implications for prevention programming are discussed.
Proarrhythmic Potential of Dronedarone: Emerging Evidence from Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting

Context Dronedarone has not been previously associated with a major risk for ventricular arrhythmia, but increased fatal arrhythmias among patients with permanent atrial fibrillation in a recent randomized trial. The mechanism of this adverse safety signal leading to trial discontinuation is unknown.
Implementing Telemedicine in Medical Emergency Response: Concept of Operation for a Regional Telemedicine Hub

A regional telemedicine hub, providing linkage of a telemedicine command center with an extended network of clinical experts in the setting of a natural or intentional disaster, may facilitate future disaster response and improve patient outcomes. However, the health benefits derived from the use of telemedicine in disaster response have not been quantitatively analyzed. In this paper, we present a general model of the application of telemedicine to disaster response and evaluate a concept of operations for a regional telemedicine hub, which would create distributed surge capacity using regional telemedicine networks connecting available healthcare and telemedicine infrastructures to external expertise. Specifically, we investigate (1) the scope of potential use of telemedicine in disaster response; (2) the operational characteristics of a regional telemedicine hub using a new discrete-event simulation model of an earthquake scenario; and (3) the benefit that the affected population may gain from a coordinated regional telemedicine network.
A correlation-based central difference image correction (CDIC) method and application in a four-roll mill flow PIV measurement

An experiment is conducted in a four-roll mill to verify a novel particle image velocimetry (PIV) recording evaluation method that combines the advantages of central difference interrogation and an image correction technique. Simulations and experiments in the four-roll mill geometry demonstrate that the central difference image correction method described in this paper can not only avoid the bias error resulting from the curvature and high-velocity-gradient flow but also effectively reduce the random error resulting from particle image distortion. Two image correction schemes and two base algorithms are discussed. A four-point image correction scheme is suggested on the basis of the traditional correlation-based interrogation algorithm to enable a fast, high-accuracy evaluation of PIV recordings in complex flows. In addition, the PIV experiment accurately determines the velocity field in the four-roll mill and confirms the linear distributions of the velocity components and the roller speed.
Whole-School Collaborative Sustained Professional Development and Science Teacher Change: Signs of Progress

The experiences of middle school science teachers at two schools in the southeastern US who participated in collaborative, sustained, whole-school professional development and their implementation of standards-based instructional practices are the focus of this study. Participants were involved in their second year of the professional development experience. The research question that was explored was “How are science teachers implementing standards-based instruction while participating in effective professional development experiences?” Data collected in the form of teacher interviews and classroom observations using an observation protocol. Findings indicate that even with effective professional development, teachers implement standards-based instructional practices at varying levels. The reasons for these differences are discussed and the role of teacher beliefs and the impact of beliefs, experience and support from administrators on professional development efforts are discussed. Implications for future science education reform stakeholders and professional development efforts are revealed.
Daily Living as Presented in the Canticles of Alfonso the Learned

KING Alfonso X of Castile, known as "el Sabio" (the Learned) needs no introduction to mediaevalists. His contributions to the writing of history Estoria de Espania or Primera Cr6nica general and General Estorial are well known; the many translations from the Arabic donie at his command, such as Los libros del saber de astronomia, the Lapidario, and the Libro de ajedrez, dados, y tablas2 made themselves felt abroad as well as in Spain during the Middle Ages and even into the Renaissance; his legal code, Las Siete Partidas,3 became one of the most widely distributed geographically of all legal codices, and even helped to shape to some extent the laws of the United States of America. Less known, however, is a work of literary merit, Las C6ntigas de Santa Maria,4 often referred to in English as The Canticles of Holy Mary. Those mediaevalists who have studied the Canticles and their number is small, even when onie takes into consideration the Spaniards themselves know that in the pages of the four extant codices lies some interesting and extremely valuable information. The Canticles are unique in a number of ways and offer a variety of materials not found elsewhere. Musicologists consider these songs important to the development of music and regard the illustrations of musicians and their instruments (MS.B.1.2. or E.2 of the Escurial) as one of the best of such illustrations surviving from the Middle Ages. Students of folklore, thematology, and comparative literature recognize the Canticles as a rich mine of motifs and themes, some of which appear nowhere else. Historians and sociologists are looking to the songs to solve certain problems of history and for a better understanding of daily life in the thirteenth century. Professor Evelyn S. Proctor of St Hugh's College, Oxford, in discussing the Canticles5 points to a number of historical facts established by mentions made of them in these songs. The history of Spanish art, and to some extent of mediaeval European art, rests upon King Alfonso's songs. Professor Jose Guerrero Lovillo of the University of Seville has recently published a brief, but enlightening treatise upon the rise of the art of miniatures in Spain6 in which he traces the influence of French miniature art
Origins of anthelic arcs, the anthelic pillar, and the anthelion

The existence of hexagonal, pencil-shaped ice crystals that fall with their long axes horizontal is well established. We have used a computer simulation technique to examine the consequences of five mechanisms suggested in the literature to explain the origins of anthelic arcs. The results show that pencil crystals with horizontal axes may be responsible for the anthelic arcs, the anthelic pillar, and the anthelion.
Evaluation and Treatment of Hip Dysplasia in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

The hip dysplasia seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is neuromuscular in nature. It usually presents in the second or third decade of life and is initially asymptomatic but may later present with pain and gait abnormalities. Treatment should be aimed at addressing the acetabular and femoral components of the dysplasia. Early recognition is essential to avoid serious morbidity associated with the condition.
Application on State Evaluation of the Grounding Conductor Based on Fault Diagnosis Method

In this paper, fault diagnosis model of grounding grid is established combining electrical network theory with sensitivity analysis. A new method which is used to select the node pairs to calculate the corrosion situation of grounding grid is presented. Based on this method, the fault branch of grounding grid can be efficiently judged through topology diagram and port resistance without power failure and the excavation of large area. Field test was carried out at 220 kV electrical substations using the diagnosis method. The conductors diagnosed as severely corroded was excavated. The result was identical to the diagnosis results, indicating that this diagnosis method has engineering practicality.
Neuroimaging a single thought: dorsolateral PFC activity associated with refreshing just-activated information.

Neuroimaging studies of human working memory (WM) show conflicting results regarding whether dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to maintaining information in consciousness or is recruited primarily when information must be manipulated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we looked at a minimal maintenance process—thinking back to a single, just-seen stimulus (refreshing). We found greater activity in left dorsolateral PFC (BA9) when participants refreshed a word compared to reading a word once or a second time. Furthermore, recognition memory was subsequently more accurate and faster for items that had been refreshed, demonstrating that a single thought that maintains activation can have consequences for long-term memory. Our fMRI results call into question any class of models of the functional organization of PFC and WM that associates simple and/or maintenance processes only with ventrolateral PFC or that associates dorsolateral PFC only with more complex processes such as manipulation.
Economic assessment of single-walled carbon nanotube processes

The carbon nanotube market is steadily growing and projected to reach $1.9 billion by 2010. This study examines the economics of manufacturing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) using process-based cost models developed for arc, CVD, and HiPco processes. Using assumed input parameters, manufacturing costs are calculated for 1 g SWNT for arc, CVD, and HiPco, totaling $1,906, $1,706, and $485, respectively. For each SWNT process, the synthesis and filtration steps showed the highest costs, with direct labor as a primary cost driver. Reductions in production costs are calculated for increased working hours per day and for increased synthesis reaction yield (SRY) in each process. The process-based cost models offer a means for exploring opportunities for cost reductions, and provide a structured system for comparisons among alternative SWNT manufacturing processes. Further, the models can be used to comprehensively evaluate additional scenarios on the economics of environmental, health, and safety best manufacturing practices.
Statistical Analysis of List Experiments

The validity of empirical research often relies upon the accuracy of self-reported behavior and beliefs. Yet eliciting truthful answers in surveys is challenging, especially when studying sensitive issues such as racial prejudice, corruption, and support for militant groups. List experiments have attracted much attention recently as a potential solution to this measurement problem. Many researchers, however, have used a simple difference-in-means estimator, which prevents the efficient examination of multivariate relationships between respondents' characteristics and their responses to sensitive items. Moreover, no systematic means exists to investigate the role of underlying assumptions. We fill these gaps by developing a set of new statistical methods for list experiments. We identify the commonly invoked assumptions, propose new multivariate regression estimators, and develop methods to detect and adjust for potential violations of key assumptions. For empirical illustration, we analyze list experiments concerning racial prejudice. Open-source software is made available to implement the proposed methodology.
Beyond Consistency in the Definition of Personality

Historically, personality has been predicated on behavioral consistency. Assuming that a unique repertoire of characteristics is the minimum requirement for the existence of a personality, three me...
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT, DISTURBANCE, AND OWNERSHIP ON FOREST VEGETATION OF COASTAL OREGON

Information about how vegetation composition and structure vary quantitatively and spatially with physical environment, disturbance history, and land ownership is fundamental to regional conservation planning. However, current knowledge about patterns of vegetation variability across large regions that is spatially explicit (i.e., mapped) tends to be general and qualitative. We used spatial predictions from gradient models to examine the influence of environment, disturbance, and ownership on patterns of forest vegetation biodiversity across a large forested region, the 3-million-ha Oregon Coast Range (USA). Gradients in tree species composition were strongly associated with environment, especially climate, and insensitive to disturbance, probably because many dominant tree species are long-lived and persist throughout forest succession. In contrast, forest structure was strongly correlated with disturbance and only weakly with environmental gradients. Although forest structure differed among ownerships, differences were blurred by the presence of legacy trees that originated prior to current forest management regimes. Our multi-ownership perspective revealed biodiversity concerns and benefits not readily visible in single-ownership analyses, and all ownerships contributed to regional biodiversity values. Federal lands provided most of the late-successional and old-growth forest. State lands contained a range of forest ages and structures, including diverse young forest, abundant legacy dead wood, and much of the high-elevation true fir forest. Nonindustrial private lands provided diverse young forest and the greatest abundance of hardwood trees, including almost all of the foothill oak woodlands. Forest industry lands encompassed much early-successional forest, most of the mixed hardwood-conifer forest, and large amounts of legacy down wood. The detailed tree- and species-level data in the maps revealed regional trends that would be masked in traditional coarse-filter assessment. Although abundant, most early-successional forests originated after timber harvest and lacked legacy live and dead trees important as habitat and for other ecological functions. Many large-conifer forests that might be classified as old growth using a generalized forest cover map lacked structural features of old growth such as multilayered canopies or dead wood. Our findings suggest that regional conservation planning include all ownerships and land allocations, as well as fine-scale elements of vegetation composition and structure.
Special Education Eligibility Decision Making in Response to Intervention Models

The response to intervention model (RTI) represents a promising framework for the early identification and prevention of learning and behavior problems for students struggling in school. If RTI is properly implemented, it should reduce unnecessary referrals and placements into special education, and increase the accuracy of special education eligibility decisions. This article examines the strengths of RTI practices, as compared to the previous prereferral practices and how special education eligibility decision-making best fits within response to intervention models.
Stability of limit cycles in hybrid systems

Limit cycles are common in hybrid systems. However the nonsmooth dynamics of such systems makes stability analysis difficult. This paper uses recent extensions of trajectory sensitivity analysis to obtain the characteristic multipliers of nonsmooth limit cycles. The stability of a limit cycle is determined by its characteristic multipliers. The concepts are illustrated using a coupled tank system with on/off valve switching.
Fluctuation mitigation and azimuthal velocity profile regulation by extremum seeking in HELCAT

Turbulence, and turbulence-driven transport are ubiquitous in magnetically confined plasmas, where there is an intimate relationship between turbulence, transport, destabilizing mechanisms like gradients and currents, and stabilizing mechanisms like shear. Active control of fluctuations via manipulation of flow profiles is investigated in a magnetized laboratory plasma device (HELCAT). Measurements of the azimuthal velocity are assumed available at several radial points within the plasma and E × B flow profiles are controlled via biased ring electrodes. An optimal control algorithm is proposed in this work to reproduce as closely as possible a prescribed desired radial azimuthal velocity profile. The effectiveness of the controller is analyzed via numerical simulations.
Association between social and environmental factors and physical activity opportunities in middle schools

School-based physical activity (PA) interventions impact children’s PA involvement and thus opportunities and associated factors for the promotion of physical activity in children need to be examined. The purpose of this study was to examine physical education teachers’ perceptions of PA opportunities available to students at the middle school level and indicate associated factors that might influence these opportunities. A questionnaire survey was administered to 292 public middle school teachers in 181 schools located in the southeastern region of the United States. The results of the study indicate the need for more PA opportunities for middle school children in order for them meeting the recommended daily PA involvement of 60 minutes. In addition, there were statistically significant associations between PA opportunities and facilities availability, school location, and family support, indicating that some social and environmental factors tend to impact students’ PA opportunities.
Analysis of various partitioning strategies for multi-agent system-based real-time load management for NG IPs ships

The real-time load management techniques for next generation integrated power systems (NG IPS) for ships are being developed to balance the load demand and the power generation while satisfying the operating constraints of the system in real-time. To solve the real-time load management problem using a multi-agent system cooperative control protocol, the NG IPS must be partitioned into smaller subsystems that are modeled using dynamical agents. In this paper, three potential partitioning strategies are discussed along with their advantages and disadvantages. Unlike the first partitioning strategy modeling half a zone as an agent which aggregates a group of loads together, the last partitioning strategy models an agent for each electrical component and includes more system dynamics, which significantly increases the agent model accuracy. The results of the studies of the partitioning strategies can be utilized during the cooperative controller design to achieve real-time load management for NG IPS ships.
Prolonged survival after sequential multimodal treatment in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: two case reports and a review of the literature

In this case series and short review of the literature, we underline the impact of nephrectomy combined with sequential therapy based on cytokines, antiangiogenic factors, and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors along with metastasectomy on overall survival and quality of life in patients with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma. In the first of two cases reported here, a 53-year-old Caucasian man underwent a radical left nephrectomy for renal cell cancer and relapsed with a bone metastasis in his right humerus. He was treated with closed nailing and cytokine-based chemotherapy. For 5 years, the disease was stable and he had great improvement in quality of life. Subsequently, the disease relapsed in his lymph nodes, lung, and thorax soft tissue. He was then treated with antiangiogenic factors and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. The disease progressed until September 2009, when he died of allergic shock during a blood transfusion, 9 years after the initial diagnosis of renal cell cancer. In the second case, a 54-year-old Caucasian man underwent a radical left nephrectomy for renal cell cancer. A year later, the disease progressed to his neck lymph nodes, and cytokine-based chemotherapy was initiated. While he was on cytokines, a solitary pulmonary nodule appeared and he underwent a metastasectomy. Nine months later, magnetic resonance imaging of his brain revealed a focal right occipitoparietal lesion, which was resected. After two years of active surveillance, the disease relapsed as a pulmonary metastasis and he was treated with an antiangiogenic factor. Further progressions presenting as enlarged axillary lymph nodes, chest soft tissue lesions, and thoracic spine bone metastases were sequentially observed. He then received a first-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, an antiangiogenic factor, and later a second-generation mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor and palliative radiotherapy. Ten years after the initial diagnosis of renal cell cancer, his disease is stable and he is on a third antiangiogenic factor and leads an active life. One multidisciplinary approach to patients with metastatic renal cell cancer combines nephrectomy, metastasectomy, and radiotherapy (when feasible) with medical therapy based on cytokines and targeted treatment employing agents inhibiting angiogenesis, other receptor tyrosine kinases, and mammalian target of rapamycin. This approach could prolong survival and improve quality of life.
Reconfiguration Planning Among Obstacles for Heterogeneous Self-Reconfiguring Robots

Most reconfiguration planners for self-reconfiguring robots do not consider the placement of specific modules within the configuration. Recently, we have begun to investigate heterogeneous reconfiguration planning in lattice-based systems, in which there are various classes of modules. The start and goal configurations specify the class of each module, in addition to placement. Our previous work presents solutions for this problem with unrestricted free space available to the robot during reconfiguration, and also free space limited to a thin connected region over the entire surface of the configuration. In this paper, we further this restriction and define free space by an arbitrarily-shaped bounding region. This addresses the important problem of reconfiguration among obstacles, and reconfiguration over a rigid surface. Our algorithm plans module trajectories through the volume of the structure, and is divided into two phases: shape-forming, and sorting the goal configuration to correctly position modules by class. The worst-case running time for the first phase is O(n2) with O(n2) moves for an n-module robot, and a loose upper bound for the second phase is O(n4) time and moves. However, we show this bound to be Θ (n2)time and moves in common instances.
Cyberspatial Sovereignties: Offshore Finance, Digital Cash, and the Limits of Liberalism

In his answer to his article's title question, The Internet as a Threat to Sovereignty? Thoughts on the Internet's Role in Strengthening National and Global Governance,2 Henry Perritt relies on the liberal theory of international relations, and liberal understandings of state, market, and morality, to argue that the Internet does not necessarily pose a threat to sovereignty, but may in fact bolster it. As Perritt states, "the Internet has the potential to strengthen national and global governance-thus enhancing sovereignty rather than destroying it."3 From the perspective of national governance, Perritt argues, the Internet can help strengthen the rule of law by providing access to government documents and decisionmaking. From the perspective of global governance, the Internet can help strengthen international law by promoting access to information (from international treaties to on-the-ground reports of human rights and other abuses) and by strengthening global markets and economic interdependence.
Hot tub lung : presenting features and clinical course of 21 patients

Summary Background Hot tub lung is an emerging lung disorder associated with exposure to Mycobacterium avium complex organisms contaminating hot tub water. Objectives To define the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with hot tub lung. Methods Retrospective review of 21 patients diagnosed with hot tub lung at a tertiary medical center over a 7-year period. Results The mean (±sd) age at presentation was 46 (± 15) years; 9 patients were men (43%). All patients described ongoing exposure to hot tubs. The most common referral diagnoses were sarcoidosis, bronchitis, and asthma. Dyspnea and cough were present in all patients, hypoxemia was noted in 10 patients (48%). High-resolution computed tomography of the chest had been performed in 20 patients and demonstrated diffuse centrilobular nodules and/or ground-glass opacities in all patients. M. avium complex was isolated from the hot tub water, respiratory secretions and/or lung tissue in all patients. Bronchoscopic or surgical lung biopsy was obtained in 18 patients and demonstrated bronchiolocentric granulomatous inflammation. With avoidance of exposure, clinical and radiologic improvement was observed in all patients. Additionally, 13 patients (62%) received corticosteroid therapy, 1 (5%) antimycobacterial therapy, 2 (10%) received both, and 5 patients (24%) received no pharmacologic therapy. Conclusions Hot tub lung likely represents hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to inhalational exposure to M. avium complex. Antimycobacterial therapy does not appear to be required in the management of this disease. Although corticosteroids may be helpful in the treatment of severely affected patients, others can be managed by avoidance of additional exposure alone.
Some aspects of the effect of surface friction on flows over mountains

The effect of surface friction on flow over mountains in stratified fluids is investigated using a two-dimensional version of the Naval Research Laboratory's non-hydrostatic Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). Without surface friction, flow over a mountain attains a maximum speed at the surface on the lee slope. With surface friction, the flow speed vanishes at the surface and reaches a maximum near the top of the boundary layer (BL). Corresponding to this wind distribution is a shallow layer of very large vertical wind shear beneath the jet maximum and a weaker but deeper sheared layer elsewhere. This strong shear generates maximum turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) at the jet maximum region. Meanwhile, the buoyancy effect associated with the mountain gravity wave inhibits the production of the TKE above the jet maximum region. The combined effects of shear and buoyancy lead to a very shallow BL on the lee slope. In general, surface friction reduces the amplitude of mountain gravity waves. Comparison of the flow fields with the outline of the BL height indicates that flow characteristics correspond closely to the distribution of the BL height. It is hypothesized that the reduction in mountain-wave amplitude in the presence of surface friction is due to the reduction in the slope of the BL height as compared to the terrain height. For narrower and/or higher mountains, the BL height exhibits a secondary peak on the lee side that further modifies the wave. Simulations using the BL height as a solid mountain without surface friction confirm that characteristics of flow over the mountain are associated with the distribution of BL height rather than the terrain height field. As the non-dimensional mountain height increases, the magnitude of the effect of surface friction decreases due to decreasing BL depth on the lee side, with the result that the BL height profile becomes closer to the terrain height field. The effect of surface friction on asymmetric mountains is also investigated. Without surface friction, the pressure drag shows distinctive reduction with a secondary peak on the downstream side, but the effect is less when the secondary peak is on the upstream side. With surface friction, all three mountains have similar pressure drag, corresponding to their similar BL height profiles. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Interactions between scientific uncertainty and flood management decisions: Two case studies in Colorado

Abstract Flood management policies in the United States rely on scientific information about the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation and runoff. Yet, the available information is inherently uncertain because of the complexity of meteorological and hydrological processes. In mountainous areas, flood risk can vary greatly even within short distances depending on local climate, topography, soil characteristics, and land use. This paper describes two Colorado cases in which policy makers were presented with conflicting scientific estimates: revision of the Fort Collins floodplain map and modification of the Cherry Creek Dam. The case studies demonstrate that uncertainty can have substantial impacts on regulatory processes, public safety, and costs. The analysis considers the differing perspectives of various participants in the flood management processes, illustrating the interplay between uncertainties attributable to scientific issues and values issues. It suggests that attempts to provide a single “best” estimate do not necessarily meet the decision needs of all stakeholders. Conclusions indicate a need to improve communication about uncertainty when scientific estimates are provided to decision makers. Furthermore, in highly controversial decisions, it may be necessary to reframe the discussion to consider the values issues raised by scientific uncertainty.
CLV3 Is Localized to the Extracellular Space, Where It Activates the Arabidopsis CLAVATA Stem Cell Signaling Pathway

Plant growth and development depends on the activity of a continuously replenished pool of stem cells within the shoot apical meristem to supply cells for organogenesis. In Arabidopsis, the stem cell–specific protein CLAVATA3 (CLV3) acts cell nonautonomously to restrict the size of the stem cell population, but the hypothesis that CLV3 acts as an extracellular signaling molecule has not been tested. We used genetic and immunological assays to show that CLV3 localizes to the apoplast and that export to the extracellular space is required for its function in activating the CLV1/CLV2 receptor complex. Apoplastic localization allows CLV3 to signal from the stem cell population to the organizing center in the underlying cells.
Quantum logic properties of hypergraphs

In quantum logics, the notions of strong and full order determination and unitality for states on orthomodular posets are well known. These notions are defined for hypergraphs and their state spaces in a consistent manner and the relations between them and to the notions defined for orthomodular posets are discussed. The state space of a hypergraph is a polytope. This polytope is a simplex if and only if every superposition of pure states is a mixture of these same pure states. Isomorphic hypergraphs have convexly isomorphic state spaces. A class of hypergraphs is given whose group of automorphisms is group-isomorphic to the group of convex automorphisms of their state spaces.
Acute direct inguinal hernia resulting from blunt abdominal trauma: Case Report

We report a case of traumatic inguinal hernia following blunt abdominal trauma after a road traffic accident and describe the circumstances and technique of repair. The patient suffered multiple upper limb fractures and developed acute swelling of the right groin and scrotum. CT scan confirmed the acute formation of a traumatic inguinal hernia. Surgical repair was deferred until resolution of the acute swelling and subcutaneous haematoma. The indication for surgery was the potential for visceral strangulation or ischaemia with the patient describing discomfort on coughing. At surgery there was complete obliteration of the inguinal canal with bowel and omentum lying immediately beneath the attenuated external oblique aponeurosis. A modified prolene mesh hernia repair was performed after reconstructing the inguinal ligament and canal in layers. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of the formation of an acute direct inguinal hernia caused as a result of blunt abdominal trauma with complete disruption of the inguinal canal. Surgical repair outlines the principles of restoration of normal anatomy in a patient who is physiologically recovered from the acute trauma and whose anatomy is distorted as a result of his injuries.
Cross-sectional TEM studies of heavily boron-doped silicon

The microstructure of heavily boron-doped silicon with a surface layer of borosilicate glass was compared with that of thermally oxidized boron-doped silicon. The microstructures and dislocation configurations were characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy using both strain contrast and phase contrast. No significant difference was found between the dislocation content and configuration of the two materials. However, the roughness of the oxide/p/sup +/ interface was very different in the two cases. >
Motivation and Career-Development Training Programs: Use of Regulatory Focus to Determine Program Effectiveness

The purpose of this study was to focus on the relationship between career-development training programs and the motivation of employees. The study used a qualitative method and a phenomenological design using semistructured interviews conducted with a script of open-ended questions. Two main components of the research design were the modified van Kaam method for exploration of experiences and the purposive selection of the participants. The 20 participants in the sample were project managers and consultants from south-central Texas, all of whom had experience with governmental projects. Based on interview responses, the findings of this study highlighted a concern from the participants that training programs have a major influence on workplace productivity and morale. Furthermore, the findings suggest the training program’s quality may influence workplace productivity. The authors conclude by pointing out the analysis of the answers showed that not only does workplace productivity decline from the changes in a training program, but employee motivation is altered as well. DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v5i2.214
The Theory of Multiple-Strand Crossing over.

Page 160, line 33, after "cited" add "in part." Page 170, table 4, column A, delete "p=2/3." Page 174, table 8, column A, for "chromatin" read "chromatid." Page 176, lines 33 and 35, for "2r X" read "X/2r." Page 181, line 23, for "non-modal" read "non-nodal." Page 197, line 13, after "
Optimization of the performance of frequency-modulated DFB semiconductor laser: theory and experiment

We have developed a model of frequency modulated DFB laser with intra-cavity phase modulator and identified the combination of parameters leading to high FM efficiency. The results of our initial experiments support these conclusions.
In Vitro Binding Studies of Drugs to Hair: Influence of Melanin and Lipids on Cocaine Binding to Caucasoid and Africoid Hair

Although the mechanism(s) of drug deposition in hair are unknown, there is evidence that suggests that the amount and type of melanin present are major factors in determining how much drug enters hair after exposure. The role of other hair components, such as lipids, has received less attention. We used in vitro binding techniques to evaluate the binding of radiolabeled cocaine to different types of treated and untreated hair specimens. Divided male and female Caucasoid (black/brown and blond colored) and Africoid (black colored) hair specimens (N = 7) were exhaustively extracted to remove lipid components (lipid-extracted hair). Separate portions were bleached to denature or alter melanin content. Experiments with radiolabeled cocaine were performed on untreated, lipid-extracted, and bleached portions of hair from different groups. Cocaine binding was significantly higher (p < .01) to male Africoid hair compared with other groups. The amount of drug binding was similar among female Africoid and male and female, black/brown Caucasoid specimens. The lowest amount of binding was observed with blond, female Caucasoid specimens. Binding experiments also revealed that specific cocaine binding generally did not differ significantly between lipid-extracted hair and untreated hair, but bleaching of most hair specimens resulted in significant (p < .01) decreases in specific binding compared with untreated hair. In separate experiments with cocaine-treated hair specimens, digested samples were evaluated to determine if removal of the insoluble melanin fraction from soluble hair components provided a means of normalization of drug content and elimination of color bias. Removal of the insoluble melanin fraction was not effective in removal of significant amounts of cocaine, which indicated that the digestion process released bound cocaine into the digest solution. Overall, these experiments suggested that lipids in hair play a minor role in drug binding, whereas melanin functions as a major binding site for cocaine. Natural (ethnic) or artificial (bleaching) differences in melanin content may determine the extent of cocaine entrapment in hair after drug exposure. Further, digestion of hair samples and removal of insoluble melanin failed to be effective in removal of hair color bias.
Effects of selective hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia on glucose transporters in fetal ovine skeletal muscle

We measured net fetal glucose uptake rate from the placenta, shown previously to be equal to total fetal glucose utilization rate (GURf) and proportional to fetal hindlimb skeletal muscle glucose u...
Bisphenols: More unnecessary surprises

ABSTRACTA recent biomonitoring study “Bisphenol A, Bisphenol S, and 4-Hydroxyphenyl 4-Isoprooxyphenylsulfone (BPSIP) in Urine and Blood of Cashiers” reported on levels of BPA, BPS, and a novel BPS-derivative (BPSIP) in cashiers compared to non-cashiers. Our study was the first to detect BPSIP in humans. In this commentary we discuss our findings in the context of considering bisphenols as a class in health assessments and how technological advances in exposure assessment could be utilized to more efficiently identify emerging chemicals of interest.
Recombinational repair of radiation-induced double-strand breaks occurs in the absence of extensive resection

Recombinational repair provides accurate chromosomal restitution after double-strand break (DSB) induction. While all DSB recombination repair models include 5'-3' resection, there are no studies that directly assess the resection needed for repair between sister chromatids in G-2 arrested cells of random, radiation-induced 'dirty' DSBs. Using our Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis-shift approach, we determined resection at IR-DSBs in WT and mutants lacking exonuclease1 or Sgs1 helicase. Lack of either reduced resection length by half, without decreased DSB repair or survival. In the exo1Δ sgs1Δ double mutant, resection was barely detectable, yet it only took an additional hour to achieve a level of repair comparable to WT and there was only a 2-fold dose-modifying effect on survival. Results with a Dnl4 deletion strain showed that remaining repair was not due to endjoining. Thus, similar to what has been shown for a single, clean HO-induced DSB, a severe reduction in resection tract length has only a modest effect on repair of multiple, dirty DSBs in G2-arrested cells. Significantly, this study provides the first opportunity to directly relate resection length at DSBs to the capability for global recombination repair between sister chromatids.
Experiments on Transfer of Cutaneous Sensitivity to Simple Compounds

In the course of experiments to passively transfer skin sensitiveness to simple compounds an attempt was made to induce sensitivity by injecting peritoneal exudates from sensitized animals. Guinea pigs were rendered sensitive to picryl chloride in the manner previously described,1 using conjugates (guinea pig stromata treated with picryl chloride) in conjunction with intraperitoneal injections of killed tubercle bacilli. To produce exudates, killed tubercle bacilli (or tuberculin) were injected intraperitoneally about 3 weeks from the beginning of the treatment, when substantial tuberculin hyper-sensitivity was established.On injecting such exudates intraperitoneally into normal animals, the recipients in most of the experiments were seen to develop sensitivity to picryl chloride; when then a drop of an oil solution of the substance was put on the skin, erythematous reactions, mostly of high color, were apparent on the next day. The phenomenon was found to be due not to the clarified fluid but to the sedi...
Ovipositional Responses to Different Sizes of Artificial Fruit by Flies of Rhagoletis pomonella Species Group

In laboratory studies in which flies of the Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) species group were caged with artificial fruits 10, 20, 40, or 70 mm in diameter, those of R. zephyria Snow from snowberries and R. cornivora Bush from dogwood berries deposited the most eggs in fruits 10 mm in diameter, those of R. mendax Cur ran from blueberries the most in fruits 10 and 20 mm in diameter and those of R. pomonella from apple, hawthorne, or sour cherry the most in fruits 20 and 40 mm in diameter. The close correspondence between the size of artificial fruit preferred and the size of the natural host fruit of each species suggests that fruit size, per se, may play an important role in the process of host selection in each of these four species.