cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solvability of forward–backward stochastic partial differential equations

Abstract In this paper we study the solvability of a class of fully-coupled forward–backward stochastic partial differential equations (FBSPDEs). These FBSPDEs cannot be put into the framework of stochastic evolution equations in general, and the usual decoupling methods for the Markovian forward–backward SDEs are difficult to apply. We prove the well-posedness of the FBSPDEs, under various conditions on the coefficients, by using either the method of contraction mapping or the method of continuation. These conditions, especially in the higher dimensional case, are novel in the literature.
Theory of orientational epitaxy in the self-consistent phonon approximation

The theory of the orientational epitaxy phase is developed for an anharmonic solid monolayer within the framework of a self-consistent phonon approximation. This theory shows how the adatom-adatom coupling constants and adatom-substrate coupling constants in the theory of Novaco and McTague are modified by renormalization due to the zero-point motion and the thermal vibration of the adatoms. Some general conclusions about the nature of orientational epitaxy are presented and numerical results are given for argon adsorbed on basal plane graphite. These results show that while many calculated properties of the argon solid have important corrections due to the anharmonic nature of the system, the orientation angle versus lattice constant curve is not affected to any significant degree.
Borderline Personality Disorder: A View from the Trenches, with Special Attention to Its Impact on Family Transition

This article is intended for reading by people who seek to understand the contradictory, unpredictable, and frustrating phenomenon of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). People who deal with persons with BPD may develop strong emotional and behavioural responses that can be as difficult, or perhaps more difficult, to bear than those borne by those with the disorder themselves. The objective is to provide a resource to professionals, as well as one that can be read and understood by lay people.
The relationship between ethylene and the synthesis of RNA and protein in ripening apples

Abstract The stimulation by ethylene of the respiration of whole fruits and peel discs prepared from them is followed using Worcester Pearmain and Cox's Orange Pippin apples. RNA and protein synthesis in relation to ethylene stimulation is investigated in terms of incorporation of 14C-uridine and 14C-valine into RNA and protein fractions in the discs of peel. Application of ethylene (40–60 ppm) to the preclimacteric fruit induces increased ethylene production in the fruit; uridine incorporation into RNA rises to a peak followed by a peak in valine incorporation into protein, while a malate decarboxylating system develops in the ripening fruit.
Effect of Cysteine on Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism

The addition of cysteine (1×1O-2 and 1×10-3M) to the medium of incubated calf thyroid slices reduced the uptake of radioiodine, the amount of trichloroacetic acid-precipitated radioiodine and the amount of radiomonoiodotyrosine (M131IT) and radiodiiodotyrosine (D131IT) formed. There was, however, no effect of cysteine on the amount and ratio of M131IT and Dl31IT formed by rats in vivo. Cysteine can inhibit, probably by its reducing ability, the in vitro binding of radioiodide by calf thyroid slices. In vivo it presumably does not reach the thyroid in adequate concentrations. (Endocrinology 78: 805, 1966)
Vaginal melanoma and the role of regional chemotherapy

Vaginal melanoma is a rare cancer usually diagnosed as a locally advanced disease. Aggressive surgical management of the primary tumor and local-regional recurrences, combined with the use of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy, improves disease-free interval and, perhaps, survival times. Techniques of regional chemotherapy allow the delivery of high doses of chemotherapy to the tumor bed, while minimizing systemic toxicities. These treatments can be used to decrease tumor size, render bulky tumors resectable, and decrease the need for radical procedures. Additionally, they may help eradicate clinically inapparent local-regional disease and have a favorable effect on survival times. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vessel Diameter Measurement from Intravital Microscopy

The blood vessel diameter is often measured in microcirculation studies to quantify the effects of various stimuli. Intravital video microscopy is used to measure the change in vessel diameter by first recording the video and analyzing it using electronic calipers or by using image shearing technique. Manual measurement using electronic calipers or image shearing is time-consuming and prone to measurement error, and automated measurement can serve as an alternative that is faster and more reliable. In this paper, a new feature-based tracking algorithm is presented for automatically measuring diameter of vessels in intravital video microscopy image sequences. Our method tracks the vessel diameter throughout the entire image sequence once the diameter is marked in the first image. The parameters were calibrated using the intravital videos with manual ground truth measurements. The expriment with 10 synthetic videos and 20 intravital microscopy videos, including 10 fluorescence confocal and 10 non-confocal transmission, shows that the measurement can be performed accurately.
An adjusted likelihood-ratio approach to the behrens-fisher problem

In many situations it is necessary to test the equality of the means of two normal populations when the variances are unknown and unequal. This paper studies the celebrated and controversial Behrens-Fisher problem via an adjusted likelihood-ratio test using the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters under both the null and the alternative models. This procedure allows the significance level to be adjusted in accordance with the degrees of freedom to balance the risk due to the bias in using the maximum likelihood estimates and the risk due to the increase of variance. A large scale Monte Carlo investigation is carried out to show that -2 InA has an empirical chi-square distribution with fractional degrees of freedom instead of a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. Also Monte Carlo power curves are investigated under several different conditions to evaluate the performances of several conventional procedures with that of this procedure with respect to control over Type I errors and ...
Laboratory tests on an aircraft fuselage to determine the insertion loss of various acoustic add-on treatments

This paper describes a laboratory study of add-on acoustic treatments for a propeller-driven light aircraft fuselage. The treatments included: no treatment (i.e., baseline fuselage); a production-type double-wall interior; and various amounts of high density fiberglass added to the baseline fuselage. The sound source was a pneumatic-driver with attached exponential horn, supplied with a broadband signal. Data were acquired at the approximate head positions of the six passenger seats. The results were analyzed on space-averaged narrowband, one-third octave band and overall insertion loss basis. In addition, insertion loss results for the different configurations at specific frequencies representing propeller tone spectra are presented. The propeller tone data includes not only the space-averaged insertion loss, but also the variation of insertion loss at these particular frequencies across the six microphone positions.
Ontogeny of the electric organ discharge and the electric organ in the weakly electric pulse fish Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus (Hypopomidae, Gymnotiformes).

I recorded the electric organ discharges (EODs) of 331 immature Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus 6–88 mm long. Larvae produced head-positive pulses 1.3 ms long at 7 mm (6 days) and added a second, small head-negative phase at 12 mm. Both phases shortened duration and increased amplitude during growth. Relative to the whole EOD, the negative phase increased duration until 22 mm and amplitude until 37 mm. Fish above 37 mm produced a “symmetric” EOD like that of adult females. I stained cleared fish with Sudan black, or fluorescently labeled serial sections with anti-desmin (electric organ) or anti-myosin (muscle). From day 6 onward, a single electric organ was found at the ventral margin of the hypaxial muscle. Electrocytes were initially cylindrical, overlapping, and stalk-less, but later shortened along the rostrocaudal axis, separated into rows, and formed caudal stalks. This differentiation started in the posterior electric organ in 12-mm fish and was complete in the anterior region of fish with “symmetric” EODs. The lack of a distinct “larval” electric organ in this pulse-type species weakens the hypothesis that all gymnotiforms develop both a temporary (larval) and a permanent (adult) electric organ.
On thermodynamics of directed continuous media

Die Thermodynamik der richtungsorientierten Medien wird mit Hilfe der Clausius-Duhem-Ungleichheit und des Prinzips der materiellen Objektivitat untersucht. Ein besonderer Fall der Materialsymmetrie wird diskutiert.
On Being a Lone Dissenter

Asch’s (1956) research on group pressure to conform implied that it is difficult to be a lone dissenter. Extending this to the analysis of voting patterns in the US. Supreme Court’s 1953-2001 terms, it was found that of 4,178 decisions, the 8-1 split was the least common (I 0%). Unanimous decisions were most common (35%), followed by 5-4 splits (21%), 6-3 splits (20%), and 7-2 splits (14%). Large differences were found among the 29 Justices serving during this period as to how often they were lone dissenters, led by Justice William Douglas, who issued lone dissents on about 6% of the decisions on which he voted. The seminal work of Solomon Asch (1955, 1956, 1965) on conformity to group pressure has served as a model for much subsequent work in the area of social influence. Asch (1956) reported that many of his student subjects buckled under pressure and gave conforming answers when faced with the unanimously incorrect judgments made by shills. Overall, 37% of the judgments made by nake subjects facing a unanimous majority on 12 critical trials were in error. Whittaker and Meade (1 967) replicated Asch’s (1 956) study in several countries and obtained results similar to those reported by Asch, with the interesting exception of the Bantu of Zimbabwe who conformed more. Using a method similar to that of Asch, Milgram (1961) observed significantly higher levels of conformity in Norway than in France. Several of Asch’s (1 956) findings resonate with the experience of people in group situations. One such finding has to do with the difficulty of being a lone dissenter. When Asch (a) added a second na’ive subject, or (b) when one of his shills deliberately did not conform, the rate of conformity of the na‘ive participants decreased drastically, from about 32% down to about 10% or 5% for (a) and (b), respectively. This illustrates the fact that it is very difficult-though, of course, not impossible-to be a lone dissenter. That dif‘iiculty is exemplified by George Homans (1984), describing his experience at a meeting of Harvard’s Social Relations Department.
TEM: a novel perspective to modeling content onmicroblogs

In recent times, microblogging sites like Facebook and Twitter have gained a lot of popularity. Millions of users world wide have been using these sites to post content that interests them and also to voice their opinions on several current events. In this paper, we present a novel non-parametric probabilistic model - Temporally driven Theme Event Model (TEM) for analyzing the content on microblogs. We also describe an online inference procedure for this model that enables its usage on large scale data. Experimentation carried out on real world data extracted from Facebook and Twitter demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Manned/Unmanned Common Architecture Program (MCAP) net centric flight tests

Properly architected avionics systems can reduce the costs of periodic functional improvements, maintenance, and obsolescence. With this in mind, the U.S. Army Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD) initiated the Manned/Unmanned Common Architecture Program (MCAP) in 2003 to develop an affordable, high-performance embedded mission processing architecture for potential application to multiple aviation platforms. MCAP analyzed Army helicopter and unmanned air vehicle (UAV) missions, identified supporting subsystems, surveyed advanced hardware and software technologies, and defined computational infrastructure technical requirements. The project selected a set of modular open systems standards and market-driven commercial-off-theshelf (COTS) electronics and software, and, developed experimental mission processors, network architectures, and software infrastructures supporting the integration of new capabilities, interoperability, and life cycle cost reductions. MCAP integrated the new mission processing architecture into an AH-64D Apache Longbow and participated in Future Combat Systems (FCS) network-centric operations field experiments in 2006 and 2007 at White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), New Mexico and at the Nevada Test and Training Range (NTTR) in 2008. The MCAP Apache also participated in PM C4ISR On-the-Move (OTM) Capstone Experiments 2007 (E07) and 2008 (E08) at Ft. Dix, NJ and conducted Mesa, Arizona local area flight tests in December 2005, February 2006, and June 2008.
Lower urinary tract resection as part of cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer

Abstract Twenty-four patients underwent lower urinary tract resection as part of cytoreductive surgery for ovarian epithelial malignancy from 1960 to 1979. Eight patients had partial cystectomies, two of which had reimplantation of the ureters, and 16 had partial ureteral resection. Optimal cytoreduction was associated with a longer mean survival. Patients who presented without ureteral obstruction also survived significantly longer than those with obstruction. Morbidity from surgery involving the urinary tract was not excessive in this series. Partial lower urinary tract resection appears justified as part of a primary cytoreductive effort.
Territory dynamics in a sage sparrow population: are shifts in site use adaptive?

In 1981–1985, we studied territory dynamics in a southeastern Idaho sage sparrow population to evaluate the hypothesis that territory shifts represent adaptive adjustments in site use. We predicted that shifts should (1) result in changes in territory characteristics, (2) be influenced by previous reproductive success and result in greater success, and (3) decline in magnitude for individual males over time. Habitat features of territories changed little as a result of shifts, but territory size increased. Correspondingly, habitat features of territories were unrelated to reproductive success, whereas territory size was positively related. The magnitude of territory shifts was negatively correlated with preshift fledging success, and after shifts, males experienced greater average reproductive success than before. Successive territory shifts by individual males became progressively smaller. Thus, territory shifting by sage sparrows seems to be adaptive behavior aimed primarily at increasing territory size.
Attributive Dimensions of Perception of Figure Reversals

Attributive dimensions of perception of figure reversals are derived from 41 college students who viewed a reversible and a non-reversible field.
A retrospective review of enteroclysis in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and chronic abdominal pain of undetermined etiology.

Our purpose was to determine the diagnostic utility of enteroclysis in the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain of unknown etiology. This is a retrospective review of 97 consecutive patients (mean age, 54.1 ± 17.5 [SD] years; 49 male and 48 female) who underwent enteroclysis at Temple University Hospital from January 1994 to October 2001 for the evaluation of obscure GI bleeding or chronic abdominal pain of undetermined etiology. Prior to enteroclysis all patients had an EGD and colonoscopy, which were nondiagnostic for their symptoms. Sixty-three patients (64.9%) had enteroscopy performed prior to enteroclysis that was also negative. Enteroclysis results were defined as positive based on anatomical or functional abnormalities. Analysis of the data included the percentage yield of positive exams, the percentage of positive results per symptom category, and the percentage of patients with a change in clinical management based on positive enteroclysis results. Ninety-seven patients underwent enteroclysis. The indications for enteroclysis were obscure GI bleeding in 67 patients (69.1%) and chronic abdominal pain in 30 patients (30.9%). The number of positive exams was 19 (19.6%). Fourteen of the 67 patients with the indication of GI bleeding had a positive exam (21%), while 5 of the 30 patients with chronic abdominal pain had a positive result (16.7%). There was a change in clinical management due to the enteroclysis results in 10 patients: 7 patients with GI bleeding (10%) and 3 patients with chronic abdominal pain (10%). Positive enteroclysis findings included adhesions (7), filling defects and masses (5), strictures (2), small bowel diverticulosis (1), mucosal abnormalities (3), and a motility disorder (1). The overall positive yield for enteroclysis was 19.6%, with a yield of 16.7% for chronic abdominal pain and 21% for gastrointestinal bleeding. Enteroclysis results changed the clinical management in approximately 10% of the patients.
Ordovician–Silurian Lilliput crinoids during the end-Ordovician biotic crisis

Coincident with the end-Ordovician (end-Katian for crinoids) biodiversity crash, crinoids from Anticosti Island, Quebec, experienced a statistically significant reduction in body size, an evolutionary trend termed the “Lilliput Effect”. This decrease in body size occurred for the fauna as a whole, and data indicate that neither dominant Ordovician nor dominant Silurian clades experienced preferential size decrease. Because the post-extinction fauna with a diminished size is composed of largely new taxa, this example of the Lilliput Effect is regarded as the miniaturization mode. The miniaturization occurred very rapidly; however, the recovery on Anticosti Island did not occur for as many as 7 Ma. This macroevolutionary asymmetry, as demonstrated in many other studies, highlights the need to preserve the biodiversity present on Earth today.
Multivariable integral control of hydronic heating systems

Abstract State feedback control of a gas-fired hydronic heating system is studied. The system consists of a space heating circuit and a domestic hot water (DHW) circuit. Multiple input controllers are designed to regulate the mass flow rate of hot water flowing in both circuits and also to modulate the fuel firing rate in the burner. The control objective is to maintain the zone temperature and the DHW temperature close to some chosen setpoints. Comparisons are made between the output responses obtained from the state feedback controller with and without integral action.
Zitterbewegung in Quantum Mechanics

The possibility that zitterbewegung opens a window to particle substructure in quantum mechanics is explored by constructing a particle model with structural features inherent in the Dirac equation. This paper develops a self-contained dynamical model of the electron as a lightlike particle with helical zitterbewegung and electromagnetic interactions. The model admits periodic solutions with quantized energy, and the correct magnetic moment is generated by charge circulation. It attributes to the electron an electric dipole moment rotating with ultrahigh frequency, and the possibility of observing this directly as a resonance in electron channeling is analyzed in detail. Correspondence with the Dirac equation is discussed. A modification of the Dirac equation is suggested to incorporate the rotating dipole moment.
Mechanical Design of HD2, a 15 T $hboxNb_3hboxSn$ Dipole Magnet with a 35 mm Bore

After the fabrication and test of HD1, a 16 T Nb3Sn dipole magnet based on flat racetrack coil configuration, the Superconducting Magnet Program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) is developing the Nb3Sn dipole HD2. With a dipole field above 15 T, a 35 mm clear bore, and nominal field harmonics within a fraction of one unit, HD2 represents a further step towards the application of block-type coils to high-field accelerator magnets. The design features tilted racetrack-type ends, to avoid obstructing the beam path, and a 4 mm thick stainless steel tube, to support the coil during the pre-loading operation. The mechanical structure, similar to the one used for HD1, is based on an external aluminum shell pre-tensioned with pressurized bladders. Axial rods and stainless steel plates provide longitudinal support to the coil ends during magnet excitation. A 3D finite element analysis has been performed to evaluate stresses and deformations from assembly to excitation, with particular emphasis on conductor displacements due to Lorentz forces. Numerical results are presented and discussed
Broadband UV-Vis optical property measurement in layered turbid media

ABSTRACT Quantitative data on the fundamental optical properties (OPs) of biological tissue, including absorption and reduced scattering coefficients are important for elucidating light propagation during optical spectroscopy and facilitating diagnostic device design and optimization, and may enable rapid detection of early neoplasia. However, systems for in situ broadband measurement of mucosal tissue OPs in the ultraviolet-visible range have not been realized. In this study, we evaluated a fiberoptic-based reflectance system, coupled with neural network inverse models (trained with Monte Carlo simulation data), for measuring OPs in highly attenuating, two-layer turbid media. The experimental system incorporated a broadband light source, a fiberoptic probe and a CCD camera. The calibration method involved a set of standard nigrosin-microsphere phantoms as well as a mo re permanent spectralon phantom for quality assurance testing and recalibration. The system was ex perimentally evaluated using two-layer hydrogel phantoms with hemoglobin and polystyrene microspheres. The effects of tissue top-layer thickness and fitting approaches based on known absorption and scattering distributions were discussed. With our method, measurements with error less than 28% were obtained in the wavelength range of 350-630 nm. Keywords: optical property, mucosal tissue, Monte Carlo, ne ural network, reflectance, broadband, fiberoptic
On the Geometric Equivalence and Non-equivalence of Symmetric Factorial Designs

Two factorial designs with quantitative factors are called geometrically equivalent if the design matrix of one can be transformed into the design matrix of the other by row and column permutations, and reversal of symbol order in one or more columns. In this paper, we compare two known methods for the determination of geometric equivalence and propose a modified method based on the “split weights” of the rows of a design matrix. We also propose and evaluate new screening methods for geometric non-equivalence. Most of the paper concentrates on symmetric designs with factors at three levels, but extensions to designs with factors at four or more levels and to asymmetric designs are indicated.
Spontaneous massive hemoperitoneum: A potentially life threatening presentation of the wandering spleen

Wandering spleen is an unusual condition characterized by the absence or maldevelopment of one or all of the ligaments securing the spleen in its normal position in the left upper abdomen. Pedicular tortion with a complete vascular disruption is a rare but known potential complication of this mostly congenital disorder. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum with acute abdomen however, is a life threatening situation that has not been adequately reported in the adult literature. Case Report: A forty four year old man presented to the emergency department with an acutely distended and rigid abdomen. His past medical history was only significant for mild mental retardation. The patient denies prior abdominal operation or recent trauma. On initial examination, he appeared to be anxious, pale, and tachycardic. Fullness in the midpelvic region was easily appreciated on palpation. An enlarged pelvic spleen and free intraperitoneal fluid consistent with blood were seen on a CT scan. The patient was promptly taken for an exploratory laparotomy where a large rush of blood was encountered upon entering the abdomen. A volvulus of the splenic pedicle with an infarcted spleen was found mandating a splenectomy. Conclusions : Abnormally located spleen, splenomegaly, and finding of hemoperitoneum are highly suggestive of wandering spleen with tortioned pedicle. Despite its life threatening presentation, immediate laparotomy and splenectomy invariably result in good outcome.
Do sacrificial bonds affect the viscoelastic and fracture properties of bone

Sacrificial bonds have been suggested as a toughening mechanism for bone tissue. Ionic bridges formed by divalent calcium ions between collagen molecules have been proposed as candidates for sacrificial bonds. If this mechanism is active at the macroscopic level, we should observe changes in mechanical properties of bone when calcium ions are maintained or removed from the tissue. To test this hypothesis, we measured viscoelastic and monotonic mechanical properties of cortical bone subjected to differing ionic environments. Storage modulus of bone could be changed up to 3.8% by the presence or absence of Na+ or Ca++ in the environment in a reversible fashion when bones were monitored continuously during treatments. A long-term one-time treatment increased the viscoelastic properties of bone soaked in Na+ solutions whereas the viscoelastic properties of bones soaked in Ca++ solutions were maintained. However, the strength and toughness of bone specimens soaked and fractured in treatment solutions were not improved. The presence of Ca++ affected the mechanical behavior of mineralized bone tissue at the macro scale. These effects were reversible, consistent with the original proposal. However, these effects may not necessarily indicate an increase in strength or toughness of the tissue at the macro scale.
Proximal and distal deixis in negotiation talk

Abstract This paper examines how the choice between proximal and distal deixis may reveal a speaker's attitudinal orientation toward the referent being invoked. The methodology accounts for how these forms are used on a moment by moment basis during naturally occurring interaction; namely, a meeting between an urban planning department and a national developing company in which a planning application is being negotiated. In particular, the study focuses on how the interactants' use of place deixis has less to do with spatial orientation than with such contexts as topic resolution and pragmatic politeness phenomena. The choice between proximals and distals is seen to parallel a negotiable versus received orientation respectively; a dichotomy which aims to show the relationship between a speaker's attitude toward the object of reference and its sequential placement within the talk. As such, the analysis examines the inherent interaction between a traditional pragmatic category, such as deixis, and a sequentially determined context, such as turn structure.
Short-term financial outcomes of pilon fractures.

Abstract Fractures of the distal tibia are potentially devastating injuries fraught with many complications and poor outcomes, including financial hardships. The purpose of this study was to examine the financial outcomes in the short term of pilon fractures. Sixty patients who sustained pilon fractures were prospectively assessed on financial criteria and injury characteristics. This included various scores and also introduced a financial data sheet and outcome form. Twenty-five patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were available for follow-up. The mean age was 46.3 ± 12.0 years (19–61 years), with a mean follow-up of 11.8 ± 4.8 months (6–20 months). Only 7 patients (29.2%) returned to work at latest follow-up. Seven of 19 patients (36.8%) reported selling possessions to meet financial obligations, and 8 of 19 patients (42.1%) used social assistance programs. All 4 white-collar workers returned to work whereas only 3 (14.3%) of 21 blue-collar workers had returned to work at last follow-up ( P = .001). Five (62.5%) of 8 patients who had graduated from college returned to work, but only 2 (14.3%) of 14 patients who did not attend college returned to work ( P = .01). Because there are no widely used measures of financial status change in the literature, we have introduced some in this article including preinjury financial preparedness and postinjury strategies to fulfill financial obligations. These may be useful in evaluating outcomes and counseling patients. In addition, we have again demonstrated that there is a significantly higher return to work outcome in white collar jobs and higher education.
Theoretical study of spur-free dynamic range of a semiconductor resonant cavity linear interferometric intensity modulator

Simulation results of the performance of a semiconductor resonant cavity linear interferometric intensity modulator are presented. Starting from the rate equations of an injection locked semiconductor laser, the phase response and stable locking range of the injection locked semiconductor laser were obtained. Within the stable locking range without any approximation on the injection power level, effects of the alpha parameter or linewidth enhancement factor of the injection locked semiconductor slave laser, injection ratio, refractive index, and the residual amplitude modulation on the spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the modulator are studied.
Genome mapping by random anchoring: A discrete theoretical analysis

As a part of the international human genome project, large-scale genomic maps of human and other model organisms are being generated. More recently, mapping using various anchoring (as opposed to the traditional “fingerprinting”) strategies have been proposed based largely on mathematical models. In all of the theoretical work dealing with anchoring, an anchor has been idealized as a point on a continuous, infinite-length genome. In general, it is not desirable to make these assumptions, since in practice they may be violated under a variety of actual biological situations. Here we analyze a discrete model that can be used to predict the expected progress made when mapping by random anchoring. By virtue of keeping all three length scales (genome length, clone length, and probe length) finite, our results for the random anchoring strategy are derived in full generality, which contain previous results as special cases and hence can have broad application for planning mapping experiments or assessing the accuracy of the continuum models. Finally, we pose a challenging nonrandom anchoring model corresponding to a more efficient mapping scheme.
Investigation of additives for electroless plating of nanowires

Abstract The goal of this work is to deposit nanoscale metal features on a nonconductive substrate in a specific and controlled manner in order to make nanoscale devices. To this end we studied the effects of several plating additives on electroless plating of nanoscale-thin layers in a model system, namely palladium metal on plain and chemically modified silicon oxide substrates. We selected and tested a series of candidate additives including sulfur- and sulfonate-containing molecules such as 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate (MPS) and propane disulfonate (PDS). Comparative growth rates, surface composition, morphology, and surface electrical conductivity on homogeneous surfaces were used as a proxy for determining the specificity and quality of deposits on a heterogeneous substrate. MPS and PDS showed the greatest effect on the electroless seeding and plating of palladium on the surface. This work shows that the use of particular additives under electroless plating conditions can lead to nanoscale-thin, selective, and conductive deposits of palladium metal.
Energy bands of a (110) iron thin film

We have performed a tight-binding calculation of the energy bands of a 29-layer (110) ferromagnetic iron thin film. The matrix parameters were obtained by fitting a bulk calculation of Tawil and Callaway with the diagonal surface matrix elements shifted by a constant amount to obtain surface charge neutrality. The energy bands were calculated at 117 points in the irreducible (one fourth) two-dimensional Brillouin zone. The planar and total densities of states are also reported and compared to previous results. A discussion of the surface states and energy bands is given and the structure of the energy bands is correlated to structure seen in the planar density of states and the effects of $s\ensuremath{-}d$ hybridization.
Facilitating understanding of the purine nucleotide cycle and the one-carbon pool: Part II: Metabolism of the one-carbon pool

Some metabolic processes such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipogenesis are readily understood because they are circumscribed in metabolic pathways that have clearly identifiable beginning points, end products, and other features. Other metabolic pathways that do not appear to be straightforward pose difficulties for students. In part I of this two-part series, one such metabolic process, the purine nucleotide cycle, was discussed (I. J. Arinze (2005) Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 33, 165–168). In the present article, the focus is on the metabolism of one-carbon fragments, the so-called one-carbon pool. As with the first article in this series, the intent of this article is to facilitate teaching and learning of this rather complex area of metabolism.
Methanol in the Circumstellar Envelope of IRC +10°216

Millimeter-wave observations of the extremely carbon-rich circumstellar envelope of IRC +10°216 show several emission lines that we identify with rotational transitions of methanol. We describe our observations and the reasoning that led to this identification. We argue that shock chemistry, ion-molecule reactions, and grain surface reactions might all be potential sources of circumstellar methanol. Each of these pathways either requires or produces H2O in the envelope of IRC +10°216.
Improved precision of absolute thermal-expansion measurements for ULE glass

Improvements made in the ultrasonic thermal expansion measurement methods used at Corning Incorporated have significantly increased the precision of absolute CTE measurements on ULETM glass. Precise CTE data were required for modeling the performance of 8-meter mirror blanks. Several repeatability and reproducibility studies for many of the measurements performed throughout the 8- meter process were performed. Measurement equipment and procedures were then improved to obtain the required precision. A volume of absolute CTE data collected during the manufacture of three 8-meter mirror blanks is summarized, showing excellent results. Comparison with previously demonstrated precision is also given.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Generating Pareto Surface for Multi Objective Integer Programming Problems with Stochastic Objective Coefficients

Abstract Stochastic multi objective programming problems commonly arise in complex systems such as portfolio analysis, medium- to long-term capacity planning and design applications under uncertainty. The identification of the candidate solution set is a main step in many applications which depends on the nature of uncertainty. This study presents a method to generate Pareto surface for multi-objective integer programs with stochastic coefficients in the objective functions based on minimum expectation and variance criteria. The objective function coefficients are represented through random discrete distributions. The methodology follows a two-phase approach where, in the first phase, the stochastic multiple objectives are converted into deterministic equivalents based on the minimum expectation and variance efficiency concepts. The second phase solves the deterministic multi objective problem, using a Pareto generation methodology which aims at generating the whole Pareto surface of multi objective integer programming problems. We present results of experimental study of applying the proposed method to an assignment problem with three objective functions.
Isoproterenol prevents ethanol-induced microvascular stasis and deep histologic injury in rat gastric mucosa

The effect of topical isoproterenol (5.8×10−5 M) on the microvascular stasis and histologic injury produced in the rat gastric mucosa by absolute ethanol was investigated usingin vivo microscopic and histologic techniques. Our findings show that in control animals, absolute ethanol applied to the gastric mucosa caused a rapid decrease in microvascular blood flow, leading to complete stasis by 3 min. In contrast, prior treatment of the gastric mucosa with topical isoproterenol increased microvascular blood flow initially and then maintained microvascular flow in the majority of microvessels studied after the application of absolute ethanol. Treatment with topical isoproterenol also reduced the histologic injury score and percent mucosal necrosis caused by absolute ethanol. Pretreatment of animals with a β-adrenergic antagonist proparanolol (2 mg/kg subcutaneously), completely blocked these protective effects. We observed no systemic effects attributable to the topical use of isoproterenol. These results indicate that prior treatment of the gastric mucosa with topical isoproterenol maintains microvascular blood flow and reduces the deep histologic injury in the stomach caused by 100% ethanol.
Assessment of Impulsivity in Preschoolers: Cross-Measure Convergences, Longitudinal Stability, and Relevance to Social Competence

Multiple measures of impulsivity were assessed in a normative sample of 79 preschoolers–including tests of cognitive impulsivity, motor inhibition, and delay of gratification, as welt as teacher ratings. Factor analyses revealed a high degree of independence among measures, which mainly clustered according to shared method variance. Different measures showed highly variable patterns of long-term stability. Behavioral ratings of poor self-control with peers and teachers and impulsive performance on a delay-of-gratification test were concurrently and longitudinally related to indices of impaired social competence, particularly peer rejection and deviant social problem solving. Other measures of impulsivity showed negligible correlations with social competence variables. These data suggest that there may be several different subtypes of impulsivity in early childhood, with different implications for social development.
Surface-immobilized self-assembled protein-based quantum dot nanoassemblies.

Luminescent semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based optical biosensors have the potential to overcome many of the limitations associated with using conventional organic dyes for biodetection. We have previously demonstrated a hybrid QD−protein-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor.1 Although the QD acted as an energy donor and a protein scaffold in the sensor, recognition and specificity were derived from the proteins. Transitioning this hybrid prototype sensor into flow cells and integrated devices will require a surface-immobilization strategy that allows the QD-based sensor to sample the environment and still maintain a distinct protein-covered QD architecture. We demonstrate a self-assembled strategy designed to accomplish this. Using glass slides coated with a monolayer of neutravidin (NA) as the template, QDs with maltose binding protein (MBP) and avidin coordinated to their surface were attached to the glass slides in discrete patterns using an intermediary bridge of biotinylated ...
A probabilistic approach to metasearching with adaptive probing

An ever-increasing amount of valuable information is stored in Web databases, "hidden" behind search interfaces. To save the user's effort in manually exploring each database, metasearchers automatically select the most relevant databases to a user's query. In this paper, we focus on one of the technical challenges in metasearching, namely database selection. Past research uses a precollected summary of each database to estimate its "relevancy" to the query, and in many cases make incorrect database selection. In this paper, we propose two techniques: probabilistic relevancy modelling and adaptive probing. First, we model the relevancy of each database to a given query as a probabilistic distribution, derived by sampling that database. Using the probabilistic model, the user can explicitly specify a desired level of certainty for database selection. The adaptive probing technique decides which and how many databases to contact in order to satisfy the user's requirement. Our experiments on real hidden-Web databases indicate that our approach significantly improves the accuracy of database selection at the cost of a small number of database probing.
Moderate resistance exercise program: its effect in slowly progressive neuromuscular disease.

A 12-week moderate resistance exercise program was performed by 27 patients with slowly progressive neuromuscular diseases (NMD) and 14 control subjects (CTL) in order to determine safety and efficacy of a strengthening program. A 3-day per week submaximal regimen of home exercise using ankle and wrist weights and hand grip exerciser was prescribed. One side of the body was randomly chosen for exercise. Subjects were tested for maximal isokinetic and isometric strength at baseline and after weeks 4 and 12 of the training protocol, and the prescribed amount of work was gradually increased throughout the program. Both the NMD and CTL groups demonstrated significant (p < .05) increases in most strength measures. Both groups responded similarly to the exercise program, and strength gains did not significantly differ between the exercised and nonexercised limbs in either group. This study provides evidence that a 12-week submaximal strength training program is practical and safe in slowly progressive NMD and produces moderate improvement in measured strength.
A Multidimensional View of Teacher Perceptions of Special Education Episodes

In ordr to idntify critical attitudes and perceptions of teachers toward collaboration on the behalf of handicapped children, this investigation examined teacher perceptions of special education activities thugb the use 4 a multidimensional scaling method. firty teachers (1 6 regular classmom teachers, 13 resource specialists, and 11 special day class teachers) rated 12 special education activities on 18 bipolar scales. The results revealed two major dimensions explained by the comspondng rating scales and subjects that most contributed to their formation. Dimension 1 represented a distinction in perceptions of job ownership, injluenced by ratings on responsibility and participation, and was salient for all thee pups of teachers. Dimension 2 represented adultversus child-oriented encounters, was injluenced by ratings rejecting level of tension and extent of being infonned, and was pertinent for special ahy class and resource mom class teachers. Implications f0rjkure efforts for teacher collaboration are d...
COLLOIDAL GRAPHITE AS AN ADMIXTURE IN CEMENT AND AS A COATING ON CEMENT FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SHIELDING

A water-based colloid of submicron graphite particles is an effective admixture for enhancing the EMI shielding effectiveness of cement paste, though it is ineffective for lowering the electrical resistivity. As an admixture, it is more effective for shielding than 15-mm-diameter discontinuous carbon fibers, though it is less effective than 0.1-mm-diameter discontinuous carbon filaments. A shielding effectiveness of 22 dB at 1 GHz is reached by cement paste at a solid graphite content of 0.92 vol.%, compared to a value of 11 dB for a coating made from the graphite colloid and a value of 14 dB for graphite-colloid-coated cement paste (without admixture). D 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Using a Dining Facility as an Introductory Psychology Research Laboratory

Because of the large number of students typically enrolled in introductory psychology classes, the use of formal laboratory activities is sometimes impractical, especially when resources are scarce. We describe the use of a college dining facility as a real-life laboratory where students can apply research skills, and we offer evidence that the experience serves as an effective tool to teach the scientific method. The advantages of using this environment are that it includes a rich source of interesting behavior to study and it requires no financial support.
Angiocentric glioma: a case report and review of the literature.

Angiocentric glioma (AG) is a rare central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm that was only recently recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). AG occurs in a broad age range, shows no gender predilection, and arises superficially in the cerebrum, usually resulting in medically intractable seizures. Most cases are cured by surgical excision alone, consistent with a WHO grade I neoplasm. We report a case of an AG in the right frontal lobe of a 57-year-old female, emphasizing the cytologic and immunohistochemical features, including confirmation and comparison with the surgical specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first report detailing the cytology of AG, including demonstration of important diagnostic findings that were only appreciated in the cytologic preparations and not in the smears or the surgical specimen. We also compare and contrast AG to other entities in the differential diagnosis and include a review of the literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Information retrieval with principal components

Latent semantic indexing is a linear data reduction technique used in informational retrieval applications. The method of principal components is a popular linear data reduction technique that has been used in many applications. In this paper how the principal components method is used in information retrieval is presented, and how the latent semantic indexing is related to the principal component method is shown. Two experiments of monolingual and multilingual searches are described to show the feasibility of the method of principal components in information retrieval.