cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How fast is landfast sea ice? A study of the attachment and detachment of nearshore ice at Barrow, Alaska

Abstract During the two winters between 2003 and 2005, a land-based marine radar observed the nearshore ice motion during the development and decay of landfast ice near Barrow, Alaska. The radar imagery captured individual events at high temporal resolution, revealing deformation processes and allowing calculation of ice velocity and acceleration. Atmospheric forcing during these events appeared to be irrelevant since no corollary was found in local meteorological observations. Detailed examination of the radar imagery showed that backscatter from sea ice targets oscillated in signal strength (flickered) prior to detachment, as previously observed by (Shapiro, L.H. (1987), Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice Deformation in the near Shore Zone, in OCSEAP Final Reports, V.72, pp. 357–584, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA). Determination of ice acceleration after detachment allowed estimation of water drag beneath the ice. The distribution of grounded ridges at the end of each annual cycle was determined from field measurements of ice elevation, ice thickness and water depth. Applying a simple theoretical treatment of coupling between a first-year ridge keel and the seabed, we calculate that the anchoring strength provided by ridges was 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than typical wind or water stresses. Therefore, we conclude that additional decoupling processes, such as sea level surges or thermal erosion of keels, must occur in addition to offshore current stress in order to cause the landfast ice to detach. Although the nature of these processes is not clear, they are likely to be the cause of the flickering observed in radar imagery, which could therefore be useful in short-term prediction of detachment events.
Vocalizations reveal body condition and are associated with visual display traits in great frigatebirds (Fregata minor)

Acoustic displays are known to advertise aspects of male quality and to affect female choice of mates in a variety of birds, including not only songbirds but some seabirds as well. Male great frigatebirds (Fregata minor) produce a rapid warble vocalization that forms a prominent part of their courtship display. We investigated the relationships between aspects of this vocalization and male quality and pairing success in 103 great frigatebirds from a population in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. We found that across males, frequency bandwidth of the display was negatively related to repetition rate, enabling us to use deviation from the upper bound regression of bandwidth on rate (“vocal deviation”) as one measure of vocal performance. We used vocal consistency, defined as the coefficient of variation of the time interval between successive peaks in the warble, as a second measure of performance. Vocal deviation was significantly positively associated with body condition of male great frigatebirds, but vocal consistency was not. We found that peak frequency of the warble was not significantly associated with body size but was negatively associated with size of the gular pouch, the most prominent visual ornament. Male great frigatebirds showed significant individual differences in all three vocal measures—peak frequency, vocal deviation, and vocal consistency—but none of these measures was a significant predictor of pairing success in our study population. These results suggest that vocalizations provide honest information about male body condition and gular pouch size in great frigatebirds but do not influence male success in pairing with females.
Possible new directions in control

One has a distinct feeling that control theory is approaching a stalemate in the sense that one no longer sees contributions in the literature, which represent large strides. Rather, one has the feeling that the field is jogging in place. This state of affairs can be attributed to two factors. (i) There has been a great deal of very capable work over the last decade, that has thoroughly investigated the "canonical" questions raised in the fifties and early sixties. To the extent that some of these questions could be answered, they were answered, and those that remain open are largely intractable. (ii) We appear to be locked into a set of "canonical" problems and there has been little, if any attempt to raise new ones. A symptomatic area in this respect is pole placement. There has been a great deal of effort devoted to the canonical question of minimal compensators needed for arbitrary pole placement, and hardly any progress has been attempted on the unspoken next question which is that of how these pole placement results should be utilized in feed-back control system synthesis. In fact, it seems certain that the interesting results of the future should deal with synthesis. It is an area of great and largely unexplored possibilities. Among these: (i) techniques for interactive, computer aided: design; (ii) design techniques based on the use of trade off characteristics; (iii) the use of minicomputers in variable structure sampled data feedback systems; (iv) extensive use of optimization algorithms in the design of nonlinear feedback systems, partly as a tool for coping with nonlinearities and partly (simultaneously) with constraints in the time and frequency domains; (v) the specification of new types of control systems based on different performance expectations from those in current use. In short, it only seems that we are in a stalemate. By moving on to a new wave of exciting and meaningful research activity in the control area.
Recruiting and Using Volunteers in Meaningful Ways in Secondary Schools.

A review of research indicates that parent participation at the school site can have a significant influence on student achievement. The level of parent involvement in middle schools and high schools typically declines as students obtain greater autonomy and more responsibilities. Suggestions are offered on how middle and high school principals can recruit and actively involve parent and community volunteers at school sites to nurture the academic success of culturally and economically diverse community groups.
FACTORING FAMILIES OF POSITIVE KNOTS ON LORENZ-LIKE TEMPLATES

We show that for m and n positive, composite closed orbits realized on the Lorenz-like template L(m, n) have two prime factors, each a torus knot; and that composite closed orbits on L(-1, -1) have either two for three prime factors, two of which are torus knots.
Five-Year Changes in Psychiatric Treatment Status and Weight-Related Comorbidities Following Bariatric Surgery in a Veteran Population

Background Although bariatric surgery is an established treatment for obesity, less is known regarding the long-term effects of surgery on psychiatric function. This paper reports changes in psychiatric treatment status, weight, and weight-related comorbidities over 5 years of follow-up among a population of veterans completing bariatric surgery.
Bilateral resective epilepsy surgery in a child with tuberous sclerosis: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Surgical intervention can reduce the burden of seizures in selected patients with tuberous sclerosis and medically refractory epilepsy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A child presented with tuberous sclerosis and severe epilepsy beginning in the first month of life and delayed development before 1 year of age. Video-electroencephalographic monitoring at the age of 1 year revealed a left temporal seizure focus. Repeat video-electroencephalography at 2 years of age revealed a right posterior quadrant seizure focus. Bilateral subdural electrodes were placed, confirming independent seizure onsets from the right parietal area (overlying a tuber) and prominent interictal activity over the left superior temporal region. INTERVENTION: The right parietal focus was resected, and electrodes were maintained over the left temporal focus. After right parietal resection, ictal discharges were recorded over the left temporal region; a corticectomy was performed 2 days later. No tonicoclonic or complex partial seizures have occurred during a follow-up period of more than 24 months. Simple partial motor seizures involving the right foot have been reduced by more than 80%, and other simple partial seizures have been eliminated. Postoperatively, there has been marked improvement in the patient's cognitive and motor developmental status. CONCLUSION: In selected patients with bilateral seizure foci involving separate lobes, aggressive bilateral surgery can be safe and effective.
Thermal and Mechanical Failure Analysis of a Two-Stroke Motocross Engine Piston

The failure analysis of an aluminum two-stroke single-cylinder 250 cc motocross engine piston with significant material cracking was performed using both computational and theoretical approaches revealing several contributing factors to the cracking. A main central crack in the piston skirt is the direct result of mechanical fatigue imposed by the contact loads exerted on the piston during cold-start situations. Two symmetric secondary cracks also observed on the piston skirt region are similarly caused by the resulting contact of the piston skirt against the engine cylinder wall. Although thermal fatigue is considered, theoretical calculations dismiss the likelihood that thermal stresses develop as a result of the piston-cylinder wall contact under normal operating conditions. However, under extreme temperatures due to cold start or altered air/fuel ratios, thermal fatigue plays a more likely role. A finite element analysis confirms the critical stress locations resulting from the contact of the piston skirt against the engine cylinder wall, and analyses of the fracture surfaces confirm the initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks.
Robust Network Tomography in the Presence of Failures

In this paper, we study the problem of selecting paths to improve the performance of network tomography applications in the presence of network element failures. We model the robustness of paths in network tomography by a metric called expected rank. We formulate an optimization problem to cover two complementary performance metrics: robustness and probing cost. The problem aims at maximizing the expected rank under a budget constraint on the probing cost. We prove that the problem is NP-Hard. Under the assumption that the failure distribution is known, we propose an algorithm called RoMe with guaranteed approximation ratio. Moreover, since evaluating the expected rank is generally hard, we provide a bound which can be evaluated efficiently. We also consider the case in which the failure distribution is not known, and propose a reinforcement learning algorithm to solve our optimization problem, using RoMe as a subroutine. We run a wide range of simulations under realistic network topologies and link failure models to evaluate our solution against a state-of-the-art path selection algorithm. Results show that our approaches provide significant improvements in the performance of network tomography applications under failures.
Resources for Home Care Nurses.

Alliance of Genetic Support Groups 4301 Connecticut Ave. NW, Suite 404 Washington, DC 20008 Phone: (800) 336-GENE, (202) 966-5557 Fax: (202) 966-8553 E-mail: info@geneticalliance.org www.geneticalliance.org Alzheimer’s Association 919 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 1000 Chicago, IL 60611-1676 Phone: (800) 272-3900, (312) 335-8700 Fax: (312) 335-1110 Email: info@alz.org www.alz.org/us/mdex.htm www.alz.org/chapters/index.htm (local chapters in all states)
Preclinical pharmacology of ecteinascidin 729, a marine natural product with potent antitumor activity

Ecteinascidins are marine natural products with potent antiproliferative activity under evaluation as chemotherapeutic agents by the National Cancer Institute. Ecteinascidins bind the minor groove of DNA and may form covalent adducts with DNA by binding the N-2 of guanine in a fashion similar to saframycin antibiotics. The most potent ecteinascidin is ET-729 with antitumor activity observed following administration of 3.8 and 10 μg/kg to mice bearing P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma, respectively. A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay and an L1210 cell bioassay were developed for ET-729 and utilized for stability and murine pharmacokinetic studies. HPLC analysis showed that ET-729 was stable in organic solvents, mobile phase and acidic buffer (t1/2 > 100 h). Stability was diminished under neutral and basic conditions (t1/2 < 14 h). Following a 48-h incubation with L1210 cells in growth medium in the absence and presence of 2.5% murine plasma, the 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of ET-729 were 37 and 72 pM, respectively. Following intravenous administration of ET-729 to male CD2F1 mice, the disappearance of antiproliferative activity determined by the bioassay was described by a two-compartment open model. The mean values of the elimination half-life and plasma clearance were 28 min and 39.7 ml/min per kg, respectively. Following intraperitoneal administration, peak plasma concentrations of antiproliferative activity were observed 6–15 min after injection and antiproliferative concentrations remained above 1 nM for longer than 1 h. Intraperitoneal bioavailability varied over a wide range (20–91%). Antiproliferative activity was detected in every urine sample following intravenous and intraperitoneal administration, but the total 48-h urinary recovery was less than 0.1%.
Effect of subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the noradrenergic and HPA axis activation induced by intraperitoneal interleukin-1 administration in rats

The vagus nerve is thought to participate in signal transduction from the immune system to the CNS. The role of the vagus in the physiological, behavioral and neurochemical responses to intraperitoneally (ip) injected interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was studied using awake subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats. The rats were injected ip with saline and IL-1beta (1 microg/rat) in random order. For the next 2-4 h, they were monitored for locomotor activity, body temperature via abdominally implanted telethermometers, hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) secretion using in vivo microdialysis and blood sampled via intravenous catheters to determine concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone to assess hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activation. Saline injections were followed by transient increases in locomotor activity, body temperature, dialysate NE and plasma concentrations of ACTH and corticosterone. These responses were not significantly altered by vagotomy. IL-1beta injections resulted in short-lived increases in shivering and longer decreases in locomotor activity, as well as a delayed modest fever. IL-1beta also induced prolonged elevations of hypothalamic microdialysate NE, as well as plasma ACTH and corticosterone. Similar responses were observed regardless of the order of the saline and IL-1beta injections. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy prevented the IL-1-induced increases in body temperature and the increase in dialysate NE, and markedly attenuated the increases in plasma ACTH and corticosterone. The results indicate close temporal relationships between the apparent release of NE and the increase in body temperature and the HPA activation. This together with the effects of vagotomy suggests that the activation of NE in turn increases body temperature and activates the HPA axis. However, because IL-1beta induces a limited HPA activation in subdiaphragmatically vagotomized rats, the vagus nerve does not appear to be the only route by which ip IL-1beta can activate the HPA axis. It is suggested that IL-1beta-induced vagal activation of hypothalamic NE is the major mechanism of HPA activation at low doses of IL-1beta. However, IL-1beta can also exert direct effects on IL-1 receptors on cerebral blood vessels, activating cyclooxygenases and hence synthesis of prostaglandins which in turn can affect body temperature, behavior and HPA axis activation.
Solution of models for gassolid noncatalytic reactions by orthogonal collocation on finite elements with moving boundary

Abstract A variable size grain model is used to describe gassolid non-catalytic reactions which are accompanied by change in solid structure. A finite element collocation method with a moving boundary is developed to describe gas and solid concentration profiles in the reacting pellet and to compute conversion-time relationships. Such a method is necessary in case of structural changes which lead to complete pore mouth blockage and gives good results until such blockage occurs. A modified shrinking core model is used as an approximation after the time at which complete pore mouth closure occurs. The developed computational algorithms show that the effect of structural changes on time-conversion relationship is significant.
Resources for selecting popular music recordings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assist music selectors at academic and public libraries by providing resources useful for selecting popular sound recordings, while emphasizing the ongoing need for monitoring trends and new releases in popular music.Design/methodology/approach – This paper identifies key resources to aid the selection of popular music recordings, beginning with the challenges unique to popular music. The resources are divided into four major sections: online tools, print tools, periodical tools, and staying current.Findings – Popular music is widely collected by libraries, yet selection and acquisition is made difficult by the numerous genres and constant rotation of popular artists and albums. The utilization of a variety of online and print resources is ideal in order to build or maintain a well‐stocked popular music collection.Originality/value – This paper offers guidance to librarians responsible for sound recordings. No previous discussions of music selection have considere...
Bronchial Brush Biopsy in Hodgkin's Disease

Twenty-six bronchial brush biopsies were performed in 21 patients with Hodgkin's disease. In most, brush biopsy was performed to differentiate between tumor, infection or the effects of radiation. In 17 bronchial brushings where Hodgkin's disease was subsequently shown to involve the lung, diagnosis of tumor was made in only four brush biopsies. In the remaining 13 patients, bronchial brushing failed to demonstrate tumor, sometimes on more than one occasion. In four patients who were subsequently shown to have pulmonary infections, bronchial brushings were of no value. Brush biopsy failed to diagnose a coccldioidomycetal lesion In one patient and a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in another patient. Because of the low yield of diagnostic material in tumor (23 percent) and the questionable value of bronchial brushing in the diagnosis of infection, open lung biopsy may subsequently be necessary to establish the nature of a pulmonary lesion in Hodgkin's disease. However, the morbidity, mortality and cost compare so favorably with open lung biopsy that bronchial brushing and biopsy can be justified as an initial diagnostic procedure.
Plasma and Ion Sources in Large Area Coatings: A Review

Efficient deposition of high-quality coatings often requires controlled application of excited or ionized particles. These particles are either condensing (film-forming) or assisting by providing energy and momentum to the film growth process, resulting in densification, sputtering/etching, modification of stress, roughness, texture, etc. In this review, the technical means are surveyed enabling large area application of ions and plasmas, with ion energies ranging from a few eV to a few keV. Both semiconductortype large area (single wafer or batch processing with {approx} 1000 cm{sup 2}) and in-line web and glass-coating-type large area (> 10{sup 7} m{sup 2} annually) are considered. Characteristics and differences between plasma and ion sources are explained. The latter include gridded and gridless sources. Many examples are given, including sources based on DC, RF, and microwave discharges, some with special geometries like hollow cathodes and E x B configurations.
Application of effective stress intensity factor crack closure model to evaluate train load sequence effects on crack growth rates

Abstract An effective stress intensity factor crack closure model is studied in relation to results of laboratory spectrum crack growth tests on compact tension specimens (CTS) fabricated from rail steel. Comparison of model predictions with test results for crack growth life is effected by means of an analysis of a center-cracked tension panel (CCT) subjected to an equivalent stress spectrum. The trends of the model predictions and test results agree as to the effect of changing cycle order in the spectrum, but the actual effect on crack growth life in the laboratory tests is found to be much stronger than the effect predicted by the crack closure model using the effective stress intensity factor.
Depression in late life: the use of clinical characteristics to focus screening efforts.

Background The objective of the study was to identify clinical characteristics associated with depressive symptoms in late life so that screening could focus on elderly patients most likely to benefit from further evaluation. Methods We used cross-sectional screening for significant symptoms of depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and identification of patients' clinical characteristics from patient interviews and a computerized medical record. The setting was an academic primary care group practice at an urban ambulatory care center. Participants were 1,633 consecutively consenting patients aged 60 and older who visited the center between January and August 1991. Mean age was 70 years; 72% were women, 32% were White, 47% had less than 8 years of education, and 7% had no health insurance. Results There were 251 (15%) patients with significant symptoms of depression. Antidepressants were prescribed to 1 in 7 patients with such symptoms, with amitriptyline being the most commonly prescribed. Bivariate analyses indicated that patients with significant symptoms of depression were more likely to be White, female, without health insurance, and were more likely to have probable alcoholism, mild cognitive loss, and to receive narcotics, histamine H2 antagonists, and/or benzodiazepines. Depressive symptoms were not significantly correlated with age, education, income, or chronic medical conditions. Conclusions Significant symptoms of depression were common and correlated with several readily available clinical variables. However, these variables lack sufficient discriminatory power to allow for the selective screening of elderly patients most likely to suffer from symptoms of depression. Thus, formal screening for depression among all elderly patients in primary care may be necessary to improve the recognition of this morbid illness.
A study in vitro of new short-acting, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents.

Abstract Presently available short-acting, depolarizing myoneural blocking agents have significant side effects such as increased intraocular tension, cardiac arrhythmias desensitization of the postjunctional membrane, skeletal muscle injury and muscle pains. Non-depolarizing blocking drugs do not produce profound blocks of short duration. A program was evolved to synthesize compounds producing a non-depolarizing block at low concentrations with a brief action span requiring no antagonists. Several series of mono- and diquaternary esters of alkyl aminoethanols were prepared and studied in vitro . The rates of spontaneous hydrolysis and the hydrolysis catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase and plasmacholinesterase were measured. In addition, the anticholinesterase effects of these agents were evaluated. The myoneural blocking properties were studied with intracellular recordings in frog sciatic nerve-sartorius muscle preparations. Activity-structure relationships are reported. Several compounds warrant further study including investigations in vivo .
Development of an emission assessment scheme for a fishing vessel diesel propulsion engine

While a significant effort has been made to reduce marine diesel exhaust emissions, there is a need to examine the world fleets and assess the current levels of engine emissions. This paper introdu...
Lymphoma-selective antibody Lym-1 recognizes a discontinuous epitope on the light chain of HLA-DR10

The selectivity of Lym-1 for malignant B lymphocytes makes this monoclonal antibody a promising candidate for the delivery of toxic agents to malignant B cells. The original immunogen used for the development of Lym-1 was Raji Burkitt’s lymphoma cell nuclei [Epstein A. L., Marder R. J., Winter J. N., Stathopoulos E., Chen F. M., Parker J. W., Taylor C. R. (1987) Cancer Res 47: 830]. The Lym-1 antigen was characterized at that time as a polymorphic HLA-DR variant. We prepared an affinity column using immobilized Lym-1 to isolate the Lym-1 antigen from Raji cell lysate. Immunological characterization of the immunoaffinity-purified Lym-1 antigen on Western blots led to the conclusion that the antigen is the β chain of HLA-DR10. This was confirmed by Edman sequencing of the isolated polypeptide chain. Western blots further show that the Lym-1 epitope is only recognized if the β chain disulfide bonds are intact. These results imply that Lym-1 binds a discontinuous epitope on the β chain of HLA-DR10.
Protein binding as a component of drug interaction in cellular pharmacokinetic studies. Effects of probenecid on transport and accumulation of methotrexate in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vitro.

Abstract The organic acid probenecid has been shown to interfere with the active extrusion of methotrexate (MTX) from L1210 tumor cells in vitro leading to enhanced MTX accumulation and increased formation of MTX polyglutamate derivatives. In the presence of serum albumin (4 g/100 ml), to which probenecid is bound, the inhibition by probenecid of [ 3 H]MTX efflux from the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell was reduced markedly. While half-maximal inhibition of MTX efflux occurred with 0.12 mM probenecid in the absence of albumin, 1.45 mM probenecid was required in its presence. The presence of albumin also modified the probenecid-induced elevation of steady-state MTX levels in the tumor cell. Maximal elevation of cellular MTX levels occurred with 0.5 mM probenecid in the absence of albumin, and 3 mM probenecid in its presence. Serum albumin further reversed the effects of probenecid on MTX influx. While probenecid inhibited influx of 1 μM [ 3 H]MTX in the absence of albumin (half-maximal inhibition at ∼1 mM probenecid), probenecid stimulated MTX influx in its presence (half-maximal effect at 0.5 to 1 mM). Equilibrium dialysis studies demonstrated that probenecid displaced MTX from albumin, increasing the effective free concentration of MTX in the incubation medium, and hence the rate of MTX influx. Therefore, probenecid may enhance the accumulation of MTX in the tumor cells by increasing the level of free (as opposed to albumin bound) MTX in the extracellular medium as well as by direct inhibition of MTX efflux. These observations may provide an additional explanation for probenecid enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of MTX in tumor bearing mice and highlight the importance of assessing drug-protein interactions in an in vitro experimental model.
Assignment of Ile, Leu, and Val methyl correlations in supra-molecular systems: an application to aspartate transcarbamoylase.

A number of complementary approaches for the assignment of Ile, Leu, and Val methyl groups in Methyl-TROSY spectra of supra-molecular protein complexes are presented and compared. This includes the transfer of assignments from smaller fragments to the complex using a “divide-and-conquer” approach, assignment transfer via exchange spectroscopy, or, alternatively, generating assignments of the complex through the measurement of pseudocontact shifts, facilitated by the introduction of paramagnetic probes. The methodology is applied to the assignment of the regulatory chains in the 300 kDa enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase, ATCase. The “divide-and-conquer” method that has proven to be very powerful in applications to other systems produced assignments for approximately 60% of the observed methyl groups in TROSY maps of ATCase. By contrast, the combination of all approaches led to assignments for 86% of the methyls, providing a large number of probes of structure and dynamics. The derived assignments were use...
Evaluating the evidence from clinical trials in chronic hepatitis C.

Summary. A number of studies are being published on investigational agents for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. Before incorporating new medications into therapy or electing to postpone therapy until an investigational agent receives regulatory approval, it is important to evaluate the following specific features of the published evidence: quality of the evidence, precision of the treatment effect, magnitude of the treatment effect, magnitude of the hazards, and other factors such as risk-benefit analysis and cost, including cost-effectiveness. Previous studies of treatment of patients with the disease allow us to establish some benchmarks and provide structure to evaluate the evidence of the efficacy and safety of these newer drugs.
Patterns of feeding in the polyphagous grasshopper Taeniopoda eques: a field study

Abstract Abstract. Detailed field observations were made of the feeding behaviour of the polyphagous grasshopper Taeniopoda eques (Burmeister), in its desert habitat in the southwestern United States. Twelve adult females were observed continuously throughout the day, including three on overcast days and nine on sunny days. Insects observed on sunny days had two foraging periods, one in the morning and one in the afternoon, separated by an extended period of roosting. By contrast, those observed on overcast days had no extended midday roost and tended to feed intermittently throughout the day. Analysis of the patterns of feeding showed that feeding events were clustered into meals separated by inter-meal intervals of 8 min or longer. The insects almost always ascended a perch and took postprandial rests between meals. Those observed on sunny days locomoted less and spent a greater proportion of the inter-meal intervals quiescent, partly as a result of taking longer postprandial rests. The time spent feeding within meals was positively related to the amount of time spent locomoting in the preceding inter-meal interval (preprandial correlation), and negatively related to the time spent locomoting in the following inter-meal interval (postprandial correlation). A high degree of individual polyphagy was observed, with individual insects feeding on up to 30 food items per day and single meals consisting of feeds on up to 11 different food items. Increased food mixing was associated with increased locomotion. These patterns of feeding are compared with those previously observed in laboratory studies of insects.
Anticancer Activity of Zoanthids and the Associated Toxin, Palytoxin, against Ehrlich Ascites Tumor and P-388 Lymphocytic Leukemia in Mice

Crude alcoholic extracts of zoanthids, indigenous to Hawaii, have been shown to have general antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor in mice. The toxic component, palytoxin, was effective in the control and cure of Ehrlich ascites at extremely low dosages using several different methods of administration and displayed marginal activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia.
Clinical considerations for a mammography database

In addition to considerations concerning resolution and contrast representation in a mammography database, there are three other areas that may be overlooked when organizing a representative database. These areas are (1) pathological consensus of the diagnosis, (2) adequate quality of the mammogram, and (3) proportion of nor mal/disease and diseased/malignant in the database.
KSR Plays CRAF-ty

Organization of the bewildering array of known cell signaling proteins into coherent networks is facilitated by “scaffold” proteins that guide local information flow by binding multiple signaling molecules ( 1 ). Recent studies on one such scaffold protein called kinase suppressor of RAS (KSR), however, blur distinctions between the scaffold and the “scaffolded” by indicating that KSR itself has enzymatic activity that controls the signaling pathway assembled upon it ( 2 – 4 ).
Mycobacterial meningitis. Retrospective analysis from 1970 to 1983

The clinical presentation and course of tuberculous meningitis in 21 patients treated between 1970 and 1983 are analyzed. Tuberculous meningitis may present as acute, subacute, or chronic meningitis. Although characteristic cerebrospinal fluid findings of lymphocytic pleocytosis, low glucose level, and elevated protein level occur in the majority of cases, there are many atypical presentations. The protein level, glucose level, and white blood cell count may be normal, and there may be a predominance of polymorphonuclear cells rather than lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid. Poor prognostic factors in this series were age greater than 65, underlying diseases, and stage 3 presentation. Incorrect or inadequate therapy had a disastrous outcome. Nontuberculous mycobacteria rarely are involved in central nervous system disease. Tuberculous meningitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient with fever and change in sensorium. A deteriorating mental status and falling cerebrospinal fluid glucose level in the presence of negative findings on bacterial culture and india ink preparation should lead to strong consideration for empiric initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy.
Oda a la ambigüedad Crónica

“Oda a la ambiguedad Cronica” is part of a short series of meditative, playful and sensual texts Susana wrote as a contribution to the series of research and creative symposia on Regimes of the Senses, housed at the Institute for International Studies, UTS, which began in 2006. The chronicle will also be included in her next book project, Letters a los Musos: Scenes from la Cuenca de Los Angeles y otros Natural Disasters.
Computed tomography predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma tumour necrosis after chemoembolization

Background Radiographical features associated with a favourable response to trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are poorly defined for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Use of Technology When Assessing Adherence to Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors

During the last several decades, a proliferation of sophisticated technology has taken place to facilitate diabetes self-management and improve health outcomes. Blood glucose monitors, insulin pumps, and continuous glucose monitors have significant data storage capacity, which can be used to summarize diabetes health management and outcomes. In the absence of technology errors or failures, and in the context of the multiple psychosocial factors associated with nonadherence, these data have the potential to elucidate diabetes care because they reflect actual patient behaviors. This review provides a summary of the diabetes adherence literature in the context of current American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations with a focus on studies that have used objective methods (ie, data derived from technology) to assess diabetes care provider and patient adherence in the areas of glucose monitoring; insulin administration and antihyperglycemic medications; medical nutrition therapy; and physical activity.
Delta opioid agonists and volatile anesthetics facilitate cardioprotection via potentiation of KATP channel opening

SPECIFIC AIMSThis study used an in vivo rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury to 1) examine the potentiation of cardiac KATP channel opening by opioids and volatile anesthetics to confer protect...
Chemosignal Transduction in the Vomeronasal Organ of Garter Snakes: Ca2+-Dependent Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase

Earthworm shock secretion contains a 20-kDa vomeronasally mediated chemoattractive protein for garter snakes. Both the ligand-receptor binding and the chemoattractivity of ES20 are Ca(2+)-dependent. When ES20 binds to its G-protein-coupled receptors in the vomeronasal epithelium, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) level is increased, but the level of cAMP is reduced. Furthermore, forskolin-stimulated levels of cAMP are completely blocked by ES20-receptor binding or by Ca2+ alone and the effect of calcium ions can be nullified by EGTA. Previously, we hypothesized that the decrease in cAMP was due to activation of a Ca(2+)-dependent phosphodiesterase. In the present study, we provide evidence that the decrease in cAMP is due mainly to the regulation of adenylate cyclase (AC) activity by Ca2+ or is indirectly mediated by ES20. Results obtained with intact vomeronasal sensory epithelium suggest that the binding of ES20 to its receptors facilitates generation of IP3 which mobilizes intracellularly sequestered Ca2+, resulting in an increase of cystosolic Ca2+. A further increase in cytosolic Ca2+ occurs through Ca2+ influx from extracellular sources. Garter snake vomeronasal AC does not require calmodulin for its activity and shows a biphasic response to increasing concentrations of Ca2+; its activity is modulated both positively and negatively by this bivalent cation.
The reaction of iodomethylarenes with triphenyltin radical [1]. Use of molecular orbital modelling to evaluate the rate determining step

Abstract The relative reactivities of six polycyclic iodomethylarenes toward reduction by triphenyltin hydride in deuterobenzene at 70°C have been obtained. While a limited range of reactivities is observed, a trend does exist. Data are best correlated with calculated energy differences between transition states, based on adding an electron to the anti-bonding carbon—iodine orbitals, and parent arenes. These results agree with those obtained from substituent effect and isotope effect studies on other organic iodides which apparently undergo electron transfer with trialkyl or triaryltin radicals.
Modeling, Fabrication, and Testing of a SMA Hybrid Composite Jet Engine Chevron Concept:

This study presents a fabrication method, bench top test results, and numerical model validation for a novel adaptive jet engine chevron concept based upon embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators in a composite laminate, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). The approach for fabricating the adaptive SMAHC chevrons involves embedding prestrained Nitinol actuators on one side of the mid-plane of the composite laminate such that thermal excitation generates a thermal moment and deflects the structure. A rigorous and versatile test system for control and measurement of the chevron deflection performance is described. A recently commercialized constitutive model for SMA and SMAHC materials is used in the finite element code ABAQUS to perform nonlinear static analysis of the chevron specimens. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured chevron deflection performance, thereby validating the numerical model and enabling detailed design of chevron prototype(s) and similar structures.
Malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma: improved survival with chemotherapy

Between 1954 and 1985, 15 cases of malignant sacrococcygeal teratoma were treated in our institution. Median age at presentation was 20 months (range 9–46 months); there were 14 females and 1 male. Six cases presenting prior to 1970 were treated without chemotherapy with a median survival of 2 months (range 1–7 months). Five patients treated from 1971 to 1979 had tumour excision plus vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide (VAC). Three received radiotherapy in addition and median survival was 11 months (range 0–31 months). Four patients presenting since 1980 had chemotherapy alone after tumour excision. 1 receiving VAC and adriamycin and the remaining patients cisplatinum, bleomycin, and VP16. All these are alive and disease free (median follow-up 27 months; range 15–96 months). It is concluded that initial surgery aimed at complete excision followed by aggressive chemotherapy gives good results.
High quality factor metallic glass cantilevers with tunable mechanical properties

The resonant properties of bulk metallic glass (BMG) microcantilevers were studied. Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 BMG was used to fabricate the cantilevers, on the wafer scale, using a thermoplastic forming technique. The resonant behaviors of the cantilevers were then measured in air and various vacuum levels and annealing conditions. The quality factors increase predictably after annealing at temperatures below the glass transition temperature (Tg) for different times. The increase of quality factor of annealed cantilevers is attributable to the decrease in internal friction of the BMG due to thermally activated structural relaxation. Annealing above Tg resets the quality factor to values comparable to that of the as-formed cantilever. Therefore, the quality factor and mechanical properties of a cantilever could be tuned by the selection of suitable annealing temperatures and times. The measured quality factors are in excess of 2000 in air and 8100 in vacuum.
An Interchange in Maize Giving Low Sterility and Chain Configurations.

The culture of maize which gave semisterile-1 plants (Brink, 1927) contained also two plants with a low percentage of polleu abortion (10-18 per cent based on counts made at that time). This culture had not been x-rayed. Low steriles appeared in the first generation crosses obtained from one of these plants. Pollen counts show them to be about 25 per cent sterile. Thirty-seven plants were counted, giving a total of 58,000 pollen grains, of which 26.3 per cent were practically devoid of starch.
Brief Screening Tests for the Diagnosis of Dementia: Comparison With the Mini-Mental State Exam

Dementia is a common and under-diagnosed problem among the elderly. An accurate screening test would greatly aid the ability of physicians to evaluate dementia and memory problems in clinical practice. We sought to determine whether simple and brief psychometric tests perform similarly to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for dementia. Using a retrospective analysis, a series of standard, brief, psychometric tests were compared with each other and to the MMSE as screening tests for very mild dementia, using DSM-III-R criterion as the gold standard. Two independent cohorts from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Washington University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center were evaluated. We found that two brief and simple-to-administer tests appear to offer similar degrees of sensitivity and specificity to the MMSE. These are the recall of a five-item name and address, "John Brown 42 Market Street Chicago" and the one-minute verbal fluency for animals. Combining these two tests further improves sensitivity and specificity, surpassing the MMSE, to detect dementia in individuals with memory complaints.
CMUnited: a team of robotics soccer agents collaborating in an adversarial environment

Robotic soccer is a challenging research domain involving multiple agents that need to collaborate in an adversarial environment to achieve specific objectives. This article describes CMUnited, the team of small robotic agents that we developed to enter the RoboCup-97 competition. We designed and built the robotic agents, devised the appropriate vision algorithm, and developed and implemented algorithms for strategic collaboration between the robots in an uncertain and dynamic environment. The robots can organize themselves in formations, hold specific roles, and pursue their goals. In game situations, they have demonstrated their collaborative behaviors on multiple occasions. The robots can also switch roles to maximize the overall performance of the team. We present an overview of the vision processing algorithm which successfully tracks multiple moving objects and predicts trajectories. The paper then focuses on the agents' behaviors ranging from low-level individual behaviors to coordinated, strategic team behaviors. CMUnited won the RoboCup-97 small-robot competition at IJCAI-97 in Nagoya, Japan.
Lewis number effects in distributed flames

Abstract Recent computational studies have simulated a mode of distributed premixed combustion where turbulent mixing plays a significant role in the transport of mass and heat near the reaction zone. Under these conditions, molecular transport processes play a correspondingly smaller role. A consequence of burning in this regime is that changes in the composition can occur within the flame zone that modify the local burning rate. This effect depends on the Lewis number (ratio of molecular heat to mass diffusivity), and so the transition to distributed burning will be different for fuels with different Lewis numbers. In this paper, we examine the role of Lewis number on flames in the distributed burning regime. We use high-resolution three-dimensional flame simulations with detailed transport models to explore the turbulent combustion of lean premixed hydrogen, methane and propane mixtures. Turbulence–flame interactions are found to be more pronounced in hydrogen than in the other fuels.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis secondary to localized large B-cell lymphoma in a patient with history of knee arthroplasty.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rarely described in the context of a joint prosthesis, and proposed pathophysiologic explanations include carcinogenic effects of metal particles and chroni...
An Equivalence Relation for Local Path Sets

We propose a novel enhancement to the task of collision-testing a set of local paths. Our approach circumvents expensive collision-tests, yet it declares a continuum of paths collision-free by exploiting both the structure of paths and the outcome of previous tests. We define a homotopy-like equivalence relation among local paths and provide algorithms to (1) classify paths based on equivalence, and (2) implicitly collision-test up to 90% of them. We then prove both correctness and completeness of these algorithms before providing experimental results showing a performance increase up to 300%.
Testing proximal and distal protective processes in preterm high-risk children.

The purpose was to examine a model that incorporates cumulative medical risk at age 4 and distal and protective processes at age 8 to assess school-age competency outcomes of cognition, school achievement, and socioemotional well-being in a sample of preterm children born at various degrees of medical risk. Cumulative medical risk and distal protective and proximal maternal protective processes were constructed into indexes. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed entering the cumulative medical risk index first, followed by distal and proximal protective processes in the next two steps to test the effect on cognitive, academic, and socioemotional competence. For participants, 151 preterm and 39 full-term infants were recruited at birth into a prospective longitudinal study and followed until age 8 with a 97% retention rate. Children were stratified by birth weight and socioeconomic status. The hypotheses were supported. Significant main effects for cumulative medical risk and distal and ...