cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An IsaMill™ Soft Sensor based on Random Forests and Principal Component Analysis

Abstract Online measurement of particle size is vital to the development of advanced control systems for comminution processes. Horizontal stirred mills, such as the IsaMill, are designed for more efficient ultrafine grinding and have made significant inroads in the mineral processing industries since their introduction more than a decade ago. Despite their energy efficiency, significant improvement is possible via more efficient control of these mills. Advanced control generally requires online information on the key performance variables of the mill. In this regard, measurement of the particle size in the mill is problematic. However, this problem can be addressed by use of soft sensors, whereby the particle size can be estimated from the measurements of other process variables. In this investigation, such a soft sensor is developed for online estimation of particle size on an industrial IsaMill in Western Australia. The sensor consists of a random forest model that uses operational variables measured online as predictors to estimate the P80 particle size of the mill. Principal component analysis is used in conjunction with the random forest to enable it to assess the similarity of new process measurements to the data in its training data base. When the new data exceed a Hotelling’s T2 or a prediction error or Q-index threshold, recalibration of the model is automatically performed.
Recent Progress in Zr(Hf)B 2 Based Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics

Future hypersonic and re-entry vehicles are expect to operate in an extremely reactive environment at temperatures in excess of 2000 °C and therefore, require thermal protection systems made of novel ultrahigh temperature materials with melting temperatures beyond 3000 °C. Ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs) such as zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ) and hafnium diboride (HfB 2 ) based composites have emerged as the promising candidate materials for applications in sharp nose tips, wing leading edges, and engine components. Thus, this chapter summarizes the processing, mechanical properties and deformation response of UHTCs and concludes with a summary of directions for future research.
Putative mechanisms of cognitive decline with implications for clinical research and practice.

Multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms contribute to vulnerability of cognitive decline and nurses play a significant role in assisting individuals and families to use strategies for healthy cognitive aging. The objective of this narrative review is to provide a synthesis of the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of cognitive decline and conditions that are associated with cognitive decline. Well-established intrinsic mechanisms of cognitive decline include aging, apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 carrier status, SORL1 mutations, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid deposition, and demyelination. Extrinsic risk factors include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, elevated lipid panel, metabolic syndrome, depression, traumatic brain injury, substance use, heart failure, and stroke. The various definitions of cognitive decline as well as the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impact cognition as humans age should be incorporated in future clinical research studies. Nurses may use this information to help patients make lifestyle choices regarding cognitive health.
Animal-assisted intervention in the ICU: A tool for humanization

As critical care medicine is increasingly successful in preventing death, the field is more focused on optimizing patients’ survivorship experience. Through creating humanized ICU environments and implementing non-pharmacologic interventions, patients no longer must wait for hospital discharge before they begin to live again. Non-pharmacological intervention programs, such as AAI, may reduce suffering and help patients take an active role in their recovery.
Apodemus mice as the main prey that determines reproductive output of tawny owl (Strix aluco) in Central Europe

During the years 2008–2014, we studied diet composition, the number of breeding pairs, and reproductive output of tawny owls in Central Europe (Czech Republic) in relation to availability of main prey in the field. We also performed a meta-analysis on diet composition of tawny owl in Europe that confirmed the important role of Apodemus mice in tawny owl diet in Central Europe. In concordance, Apodemus mice were the main prey of tawny owl in our study area (38.7%), and Microtus/Myodes voles (15.4%), birds (12.1%) and others (33.8%) were alternative prey. We found a positive relationship between the proportion of Apodemus mice in the diet and their abundance in the field (beta = 0.23, P = 0.001). Availability of main prey (Apodemus mice, Microtus/Myodes voles or Sorex shrews) in the field was not correlated with the number of breeding pairs. Proportion of birds in diet (expressed by scores from multivariate analysis), which was inversely related to proportion of Apodemus mice, was positively correlated with laying date (beta = 0.66, P = 0.012) and negatively correlated with clutch size (beta = − 0.45, P = 0.004) and brood size (beta = − 0.16, P = 0.076). We also found negative relationships between laying date and clutch size (beta = − 0.13, P = 0.014) and brood size (beta = − 0.07, P = 0.057). Our results support the idea that diet and breeding ecology of owls in Central Europe is mainly driven by the availability of Apodemus mice that are suitable prey due to their similar habitat requirements and nocturnal activity.
Archimedes’ Principle and Falling Bodies

The discussion finally turns to the subject of falling bodies, the second of the two new sciences to which Galileo’s Dialogues are devoted. It is here that we pick up our reading. After challenging Aristotle’s proof that a vacuum cannot exist in nature, Salviati begins to untangle the various factors that might influence the speed of a falling body, factors such as the shape and weight of the falling body and the specific gravity of the medium through which it descends. To this end, Galileo reminds the reader that “the effect of the medium is to diminish the weight of the body by the weight of the medium displaced.”You may recognize this as a statement of Archimedes’ principle, which had been known since ancient times. How does Galileo apply this principle to calculate the amount by which a medium reduces the speed of an object falling through it?
Flexible Nephroscope in Calculous Surgery

AbstractIn difficult operations for multiple, staghorn or recurrent calculi after previous surgical intervention and in cases of chronic nephrostomy intrarenal inspection is facilitated by the use of a new flexible nephroscope. This flexible nephroscope, with its 16F tip, permits localization and removal of stone fragments without trauma.This instrument was used in 30 patients by 9 surgeons. An open surgical procedure was done in 27 patients and nephrostomy was done in 3. In 7 cases intraoperative radiography failed to localize calculi that were identified subsequently by nephroscopy. In all instances the surgeons rated the flexible nephroscope superior to its rigid counterpart. No complications resulted from its use.The flexible nephroscope offers several advantages over the rigid scope: 1) it is atraumatic, 2) it is easily inserted, 3) it offers superior optics, 4) it provides superior visualization and 5) it permits complete intrarenal inspection. Because it allows total intrarenal inspection without t...
Studies on the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) to Monoamines

Cerebral ischemia leads to a postischemic modification of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability to substances which under normal conditions do not easily cross the BBB. The BBB change appeared to be selective since the leakage of various molecules tested was related to their size and/or their specific transport system (2, 12, 13). A distinct alteration of BBB permeability has also been observed for the monoamines (4). The enhanced passage of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) occurred prior to that of norepinephrine (NE) in gerbils subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and release (2).
The Insanity Defense in Criminal Law

The insanity defense in criminal law is an important aspect of the discussion of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) because some criminal cases have utilized premenstrual syndrome as a defense to criminal responsibility. Does PMS lead to insanity? Can, or should, PMS be utilized as the basis for an insanity defense in criminal matters? Insanity cannot be equated with mental illness. Insanity is a legal concept exculpating (i.e., excusing) from criminal responsibility an individual whose mental illness at the time of the alleged criminal act led to a particular state of mind consistent with the test of criminal insanity in that particular jurisdiction. The definition of insanity has varied from one jurisdiction to another. Furthermore, since the Hinckley trial in 1982 (discussed below), changes in the insanity defense have occurred throughout the country, and the standard continues to evolve. Insanity negates the mens rea or guilty intent portion of criminal behavior which always consists of both the act (actus reus) and the intent (mens rea).
Transition Metal Formyl Complexes and Transition Metal Anions; Synthesis by Trialkylborohydride Attack on Metal Carbonyl Compounds

Over the next few decades, an increasing emphasis is expected upon the utilization of coal for the production of chemical feedstocks currently derived from petroleum. Coal can be readily converted into a 1:1 mixture of CO and H2 (synthesis gas)2. The CO and H2 can be subsequently transformed by heterogeneous catalysts at high temperatures and pressures (Fischer-Tropsch process)3,4 to methane, gasoline, and alcohols. There is substantial current in- terest5 in developing milder, homogeneous, and more selective methods for accomplishing these conversions.
Quantitation of erythropoietin-producing cells in kidneys of mice by in situ hybridization: correlation with hematocrit, renal erythropoietin mRNA, and serum erythropoietin concentration

In situ hybridization was used to quantitate the cells that produce erythropoietin (EP) in the renal cortices of mice with varying severities of acute anemia and of mice recovering from severe, acute anemia. The number of EP-producing cells in the renal cortex increased in an exponential manner as hematocrit was decreased. Individual EP-producing cells had very similar densities of silver grains in autoradiograms regardless of whether they were from normal mice or from slightly, moderately or severely anemic animals. With increasingly severe anemia, total renal EP mRNA levels and serum EP concentrations showed increases that correlated with the number of renal EP-producing cells. These results indicate that as mice become more anemic, additional cells are recruited to produce EP rather than the cells already producing EP being stimulated to increase their individual production. In mildly and moderately anemic animals, small clusters of EP-producing cells were found in the inner cortex with large areas of cortex containing no EP-producing cells. In severely anemic mice, EP-producing cells were found throughout the inner cortex with only a very few found scattered in the outer cortex and outer medulla. The data indicate that only a subset of total renal interstitial cells produce EP. During recovery from severe, acute anemia, the numbers of EP-producing cells decreased exponentially as hematocrits rose and correlated with decreases in total renal EP mRNA and serum EP concentrations. These results suggest that following an acute blood loss and during the recovery from a blood loss, the capacity to deliver oxygen, as represented by hematocrit, is the major regulator of EP production.
Richard L. Rubenstein

Best known for his landmark After Auschwitz, Richard Rubenstein work was known in the 1960s as Jewish Death of God theology. Since then his contributions have been wide ranging, especially in the field of holocaust studies, and his legacy has been disassociated with radical theology. In this chapter, however, Rubenstein’s life and works are presented as an ongoing work of radicalism.
Is the Slope of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Change in Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke Associated with Mortality Outcomes? (S40.006)

Objective: To investigate the association between optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes, progression to decompressive craniectomy and mortality outcomes. Background: Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke is a life-threatening condition with reported mortality of 80%, due to space-occupying cerebral edema and increased compartmental intracranial pressure (ICP). In current practice, decompressive craniectomy is known to improve mortality and functional outcomes. However, patient selection for surgical intervention can be difficult at times. Use of non-invasive surrogates for ICP could be valuable in managing malignant MCA syndromes. One possibility is through ONSD measurements, which has been shown to correlate to elevated intracranial pressures (ICPs) in studies across adult and pediatric patients. Currently, its utility in MCA syndromes has yet to be defined. Design/Methods: 136 CT scans (1–6 per subject) from charts of 62 patients in a tertiary academic center were reviewed using previously published methodology. The outcomes of malignant MCA strokes were examined by utilizing mixed effects models to evaluate daily rate of change in optic parameters between deceased and non-deceased groups, craniotomy and non-craniotomy groups. Results: Daily rate of change in optic parameters were significantly greater in deceased patients than non-deceased patients (0.16 vs −0.001μm/day, p=0.056 for ipsilateral optic nerve sheath (ONS); 0.32 vs −0.001 μm/day, p Conclusions: A greater rate of change in ONSD is associated with greater mortality. Curiously, the rate of change of ONSD was not significantly affected by surgical intervention, possibly indicating that ONSD is indicative of cerebral edema and not necessarily ICP. Disclosure: Dr. Kuo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zheng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Vazquez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Margetis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holguin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Trummer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Emanuel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kim-Tenser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bulic has nothing to disclose.
Divergent mechanisms for regulating growth and development after imaginal disc damage in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Holometabolous insects have been able to radiate to vast ecological niches as adults through the evolution of adult-specific structures such as wings, antennae and eyes. These structures arise from imaginal discs that show regenerative capacity when damaged. During imaginal disc regeneration, development has been shown to be delayed in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, but how conserved the delay-inducing mechanisms are across holometabolous insects has not been assessed. The goal of this research was to develop the hornworm Manduca sexta as an alternative model organism to study such damage-induced mechanisms, with the advantage of a larger hemolymph volume enabling access to the hormonal responses to imaginal disc damage. Upon whole-body X-ray exposure, we noted that the imaginal discs were selectively damaged, as assessed by TUNEL and Acridine Orange stains. Moreover, development was delayed, predominantly at the pupal-to-adult transition, with a concomitant delay in the prepupal ecdysteroid peak. The delays to eclosion were dose dependent, with some ability for repair of damaged tissues. We noted a shift in critical weight, as assessed by the point at which starvation no longer impacted developmental timing, without a change in growth rate, which was uncoupled from juvenile hormone clearance in the body. The developmental profile was different from that of D. melanogaster, which suggests species differences may exist in the mechanisms delaying development.
Outcomes intensive care unit placement following pediatric adenotonsillectomy

Abstract Introduction Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is the most common surgical procedure for the treatment of sleep related breathing issues in children. While overnight observation in the hospital setting is utilized frequently in children after a AT, ICU setting is commonly used for patients with sleep apnea. This objective of this study is to examine factors associated with the preoperative decision to admit patients to PICU following AT as well as co-morbidities that may justify necessity for higher level of care. Methods This is a retrospective chart review from the years of 2009–2016. All patients who underwent AT for known sleep-related breathing issues at Nationwide Children's Hospital were eligible for inclusion. A complication was defined as an adverse event such as pulmonary edema, re-intubation, or a bleeding event. Respiratory support was defined as utilizing supplementary oxygen for more than one day, positive pressure ventilation, or intubation. Proportions and medians were used to describe the overall rate of complications/complexities in care, and bivariate statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between patient characteristics and outcomes. Similar methods were used to evaluate factors associated with preoperative referral to the PICU. Results There were 180 patients admitted to hospital in non-ICU setting and 158 patients with a planned PICU stay. The patients with planned PICU stays had higher rates of technological dependence (13% vs. 3%; p = 0.0006), perioperative sleep studies (80% vs. 29%; p Conclusions This study suggest that while our pre-operative referral program for PICU placement is effective in identifying patients needing higher levels of care, the program places many patients in the PICU who did not utilize respiratory support or suffer from complications. We observed some misalignment between characteristics associated with planned ICU stays and actual complications. This suggests that patients with specific clinical histories, not findings on their sleep studies, should be prepared to receive higher levels of care.
Synergistic activity of mTORC1/2 kinase and MEK inhibitors suppresses pediatric low-grade glioma tumorigenicity and vascularity

BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) is the most common childhood brain tumor. Many patients with unresectable or recurrent/refractory tumors have significant lifelong disability. The majority of pLGG have mutations increasing the activity of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is also a hallmark of pLGG. We therefore hypothesized that the dual target of rapamycin complexes 1 and 2 (TORC1/2) kinase inhibitor TAK228 would synergize with the mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor trametinib in pLGG. METHODS We tested TAK228 and trametinib in patient-derived pLGG cell lines harboring drivers of pLGG including BRAFV600E and neurofibromatosis type 1 loss. We measured cell proliferation, pathway inhibition, cell death, and senescence. Synergy was analyzed via MTS assay using the Chou-Talalay method. In vivo, we tested for overall survival and pathway inhibition and performed immunohistochemistry for proliferation and vascularization. We performed a scratch assay and measured angiogenesis protein activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). RESULTS TAK228 synergized with trametinib in pLGG at clinically relevant doses in all tested cell lines, suppressing proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and causing senescence in a cell line-dependent manner. Combination treatment increased median survival by 70% and reduced tumor volume compared with monotreatment and control cohorts. Vascularization of tumors decreased as measured by CD31 and CD34. Combination treatment blocked activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and sarcoma proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC) in HUVEC cells and reduced HUVEC migration compared with each drug alone. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TAK228 and trametinib synergized to suppress the growth of pLGG. These agents synergized to reduce tumor vascularity and endothelial cell growth and migration by blocking activation of FAK and SRC.
Cross-Failure Bug Detection in Persistent Memory Programs

Persistent memory (PM) technologies, such as Intel's Optane memory, deliver high performance, byte-addressability, and persistence, allowing programs to directly manipulate persistent data in memory without any OS intermediaries. An important requirement of these programs is that persistent data must remain consistent across a failure, which we refer to as the crash consistency guarantee. However, maintaining crash consistency is not trivial. We identify that a consistent recovery critically depends not only on the execution before the failure, but also on the recovery and resumption after failure. We refer to these stages as the pre- and post-failure execution stages. In order to holistically detect crash consistency bugs, we categorize the underlying causes behind inconsistent recovery due to incorrect interactions between the pre- and post-failure execution. First, a program is not crash-consistent if the post-failure stage reads from locations that are not guaranteed to be persisted in all possible access interleavings during the pre-failure stage -- a type of programming error that leads to a race that we refer to as a cross-failure race. Second, a program is not crash-consistent if the post-failure stage reads persistent data that has been left semantically inconsistent during the pre-failure stage, such as a stale log or uncommitted data. We refer to this type of bugs as a cross-failure semantic bug. Together, they form the cross-failure bugs in PM programs. In this work, we provide XFDetector, a tool that detects cross-failure bugs by automatically injecting failures into the pre-failure execution, and checking for cross-failure races and semantic bugs in the post-failure continuation. XFDetector has detected four new bugs in three pieces of PM software: one of PMDK's examples, a PM-optimized Redis database, and a PMDK library function.
Equi-Baire one family of functions on metric spaces: A generalization of equi-continuity; and some applications

Abstract In this article we introduce a generalization of the concept of equicontinuity, namely the concept of Equi-Baire one for a family of functions on metric spaces. We use this concept to obtain some results similar to those existing in the literature that are derived from equicontinuity. We also give some applications, and investigate the relations between equi-Baire one property of the family F = { f n } n = 1 ∞ for a Baire one function f and its dynamics.
Efficacy of Warmed Wine Against Brettanomyces bruxellensis Present in Oak Barrel Staves

New barrels (16 L) differing by oak species (Quercus alba or Q. petraea) and toasting level (light or heavy) were infected with Brettanomyces bruxellensis. Infected staves were sawed into 3 cm × 3 cm cubes and immersed 2 mm into red wine (11 or 15% v/v alcohol) that had been heated to 35, 40, 45, or 50°C. After removal from the wine, cubes were either sawed into cross sections or prepared as oak shavings before transfer to a yeast recovery medium and incubated for ≥30 days (cross sections) or for 12 hr (shavings) to recover culturable populations and calculate decimal reduction times (DT-values). Culturable cells were not recovered from inner cross sectional layers (0 to 4 mm depth) after heating in 11% v/v alcohol wine at 45 or 50°C, whereas populations were destroyed at deeper depths (e.g., 5 to 9 mm) using wines of 15% v/v alcohol at these same temperatures. In agreement, DT-values were greater when cubes were heated in 11% v/v alcohol wines (D45°C = 46 sec, D50°C = 30 sec) compared to wines with 15% v/v alcohol (D45°C = 17 sec, D50°C = 9 sec). Compared to heated water or steam, warmed-wine treatments required lower temperatures to remove the same degree of microbial contamination, in particular at inner stave depths ≤4 mm. Similar observations were noted for commercial barrels (225 L) previously infected by unidentified (in-house) strains of B. bruxellensis. Thus, application of warmed wine to infected barrels may serve as a method to greatly reduce populations of B. bruxellensis when temperatures lower than those needed for hot water or steam treatment are desired.
Flexible link functions in a joint hierarchical Gaussian process model

Many longitudinal studies often require jointly modeling a biomarker and an event outcome, in order to provide more accurate inference and dynamic prediction of disease progression. Cystic fibrosis (CF) studies have illustrated the benefits of these models, primarily examining the joint evolution of lung-function decline and survival. We propose a novel joint model within the shared-parameter framework that accommodates nonlinear lung-function trajectories, in order to provide more accurate inference on lung-function decline over time and to examine the association between evolution of lung function and risk of a pulmonary exacerbation (PE) event recurrence. Specifically, a two-level Gaussian process (GP) is used to estimate the nonlinear longitudinal trajectories and a flexible link function is introduced for a more accurate depiction of the binary process on the event outcome. Bayesian model assessment is used to evaluate each component of the joint model in simulation studies and an application to longitudinal data on patients receiving care from a CF center. A nonlinear structure is suggested by both longitudinal continuous and binary evaluations. Including a flexible link function improves model fit to these data. The proposed hierarchical GP model with a flexible power link function where Laplace distribution is the baseline (spep) has the best fit of all joint models considered, characterizing how accelerated lung-function decline corresponds to increased odds of experiencing another PE.
Antifungal prophylaxis during 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia is associated with improved survival, in a setting with low incidence of invasive mold infections

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this patient population, antifungal prophylaxis (AP) has been associated with decreased incidence of IFIs and better survival. However, some centers have not adopted AP during induction chemotherapy for AML, as it is unclear whether AP improves outcomes in settings where the incidence of invasive mold infections is low. We retrospectively assessed the differences in clinical outcomes and resource utilization in patients undergoing 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy for AML, after implementing a policy of AP as part of a dedicated inpatient malignant hematology service (HS) at Rhode Island Hospital. Between January 1, 2007 and April 1, 2019, 56 patients with AML received AP during 7 + 3 induction chemotherapy and 52 patients did not, without significant differences in their baseline characteristics. Use of AP was associated with less proven or probable IFI (0% vs. 6%, P = 0.1) and lower all-cause in-hospital mortality (7% vs. 21%, P < 0.05), without significant increases in resource utilization or toxicities. Empiric and targeted antifungal therapies were more frequently started in the non-AP group (69%) than changed in the AP group (41%, P < 0.005). Having a dedicated inpatient malignant hematology service was also associated with improved outcomes. However, use of AP was associated with better survival (30-day post-induction survival log-rank P < 0.05), prior to the implementation of this clinical service as well, which is suggestive of an independent benefit from AP.
Benchmarking in Manipulation Research: Using the Yale-CMU-Berkeley Object and Model Set

In this article, we present the Yale-Carnegie Mellon University (CMU)-Berkeley (YCB) object and model set, intended to be used to facilitate benchmarking in robotic manipulation research. The objects in the set are designed to cover a wide range of aspects of the manipulation problem. The set includes objects of daily life with different shapes, sizes, textures, weights, and rigidities as well as some widely used manipulation tests. The associated database provides high-resolution red, green, blue, plus depth (RGB-D) scans, physical properties, and geometric models of the objects for easy incorporation into manipulation and planning software platforms. In addition to describing the objects and models in the set along with how they were chosen and derived, we provide a framework and a number of example task protocols, laying out how the set can be used to quantitatively evaluate a range of manipulation approaches, including planning, learning, mechanical design, control, and many others. A comprehensive literature survey on the existing benchmarks and object data sets is also presented, and their scope and limitations are discussed. The YCB set will be freely distributed to research groups worldwide at a series of tutorials at robotics conferences. Subsequent sets will be, otherwise, available to purchase at a reasonable cost. It is our hope that the ready availability of this set along with the ground laid in terms of protocol templates will enable the community of manipulation researchers to more easily compare approaches as well as continually evolve standardized benchmarking tests and metrics as the field matures.
Asymptotics of Partial Differential Equations and the Renormalisation Group

It is well-known that the asymptotics of partial differential equations (PDEs) may often be found from consideration of similarity solutions. In the examples usually encountered, the combinations of variables making up the similarity variables may be deduced using dimensional analysis; typically, the similarity variables are products of variables raised to rational fraction powers. It is not so widely appreciated, however, that there is a large class of problems where the similarity variables cannot be deduced from dimensional analysis. As Barenblatt has emphasized, such problems are neither rare nor pathological, but occur in many situations of physical interest, for example, in continuum mechanics.1
Purpura Fulminans in a Patient With Septic Shock due to Escherichia coli Bacteremia With Emphysematous Pyelitis

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a rapidly fatal disorder predominantly encountered in patients with an acquired deficiency of physiologic anticoagulants due to severe sepsis and septic shock with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This consumptive process eventually leads to widespread thrombosis, hemorrhagic necrosis, and gangrene. Rapid identification followed by aggressive management of the underlying etiology with a multidisciplinary team is critical to prevent long-term organ dysfunction, disability from amputation, and death. While bleeding is a common finding in DIC, anticoagulation must be considered if PF is present. We report a case of Escherichia coli--associated emphysematous pyelitis leading to bacteremia, septic shock, and PF with small- and medium-sized vessel thrombosis and acral ischemia.
Subjective Well-Being, Depression, and Delays in Care Among Older Adults: Dual-Eligible Versus Medicare-Only Beneficiaries:

We aimed to (a) determine the role of subjective well-being and depression in care delays among Medicare beneficiaries and (b) examine whether subjective well-being and depression play a differential role among Medicare-only and dual-eligible beneficiaries. A nationally representative sample of 1,696 older adults participated in the study. Roughly, 22% of participants reported often or sometimes experiencing care delays, with more delays among dual eligibles. We found that higher levels of subjective well-being were significantly related to less frequent care delays. In contrast, higher levels of depression were significantly related to more frequent care delays. Moreover, as depression increased, the predicted probability of delays increased to a greater extent among dual eligibles than Medicare-only beneficiaries. These findings signify the importance of identifying and implementing strategies to enhance subjective well-being and reduce depression in older adults, particularly dual eligibles, to improve access to timely care.
Tibial torsion correlates with talar morphology.

Abstract Background There is limited literature on axial rotation of the ankle or variations in anatomy of the talus. We aim to evaluate the rotational profile of the distal tibia and its relationship to talus morphology, radiographic foot-type, and tibiotalar tilt in arthritic ankles. Methods Preoperative imaging was reviewed in 173 consecutive patients with ankle arthritis. CT measurements were used to calculate tibial torsion and the talar neck-body angle (TNBA). Tibiotalar tilt and foot-type were measured on weightbearing plain radiographs. Results Measurements indicated mean external tibial torsion of 29.2 ± 9.1˚ and TNBA of 35.2 ± 7.5˚ medial. Tibiotalar tilt ranged from 48˚ varus to 23.5˚ valgus. A moderate association between increasing external tibial torsion and decreasing TNBA was found (ρ = −0.576, p Conclusion We observed a statistically significant correlation between tibial torsion and morphology of the talus, tibiotalar tilt, and first ray plantarflexion. This previously unreported association may provide information regarding the development of foot and ankle deformity and pathology. Level of evidence Level III.
Factors associated with the prevalence of incidental disease in the upper extremity

Purpose: To learn more about the benefits of resiliency to upper limb health, we studied the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the prevalence of incidental disease between patients who seek care for an injury compared to those with a nontraumatic condition. Our secondary aim was to look for factors associated with incidental disease. Methods: One hundred and sixty five patients provided their demographics and completed measures of psychological factors and upper extremity-specific symptoms and disability. A hand surgeon examined subjects for objective signs of incidental disease. Results: Incidental disease was more common in patients with an injury. The only factor independently associated with incidental disease was older age. Conclusions: The finding that incidental disease is more common in injured patients and more common with age supports the concept that common upper limb diseases are often undiagnosed and adequately adapted.
Frequency of Preoperative Advance Care Planning for Older Adults Undergoing High-risk Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance For patients facing major surgery, surgeons believe preoperative advance care planning (ACP) is valuable and routinely performed. How often preoperative ACP occurs is unknown. Objective To quantify the frequency of preoperative ACP discussion and documentation for older adults undergoing major surgery. Design, Setting, and Participants This secondary analysis of data from a multisite randomized clinical trial testing the effects of a question prompt list intervention on preoperative communication for older adults considering major surgery was performed at 5 US academic medical centers. Participants included surgeons who routinely perform high-risk surgery and patients 60 years or older with at least 1 comorbidity and an oncological or vascular (cardiac, peripheral, or neurovascular) problem. Data were collected from June 1, 2016, to November 30, 2018. Interventions Patients received a question prompt list brochure with 11 questions that they might ask their surgeon. Main Outcomes and Measures For patients who had major surgery, any statement related to ACP from the surgeon, patient, or family member during the audiorecorded preoperative consultation was counted. The presence of a written advance directive (AD) in the medical record at the time of the initial consultation or added preoperatively was recorded. Open-ended interviews with patients who experienced postoperative complications and family members were conducted. Results Among preoperative consultations with 213 patients (122 men [57%]; mean [SD] age, 72 [7] years), only 13 conversations had any discussion of ACP. In this cohort of older patients with at least 1 comorbid condition, 141 (66%) did not have an AD on file before major surgery; there was no significant association between the presence of an AD and patient age (60-69 years, 26 [31%]; 70-79 years, 31 [33%]; ≥80 years, 15 [42%];P= .55), number of comorbidities (1, 35 [32%]; 2, 18 [33%]; ≥3, 19 [40%];P= .62), or type of procedure (oncological, 53 [32%]; vascular, 19 [42%];P= .22). There was no difference in preoperative communication about ACP or documentation of an AD for patients who were mailed a question prompt list brochure (intervention, 38 [35%]; usual care, 34 [33%];P= .77). Patients with complications were enthusiastic about ACP but did not think it was important to discuss their preferences for life-sustaining treatments with their surgeon preoperatively. Conclusions and Relevance Although surgeons believe that preoperative discussion of patient preferences for postoperative life-sustaining treatments is important, these preferences are infrequently explored, addressed, or documented preoperatively. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02623335
Topics in Finance: Part VIII--Mergers & Acquisitions.

In this series, three key axiomsstockholder wealth maximization, the risk-return tradeoff, and agency conflictsare applied to the major topics in financial management. The current article looks at mergers and acquisitions, reviewing the presumed motivations, the ethical challenges, and the literature dedicated to this financial activity.
Reframing the Question: Why Chevron - And Not a One Size Fits All Interpretation of 'Substantially the Same' - Should Guide a Court’s Interpretation of the CRA’s Limitations on Future Rulemaking

The Congressional Review Act (the “CRA”) is a Congressional oversight tool used to overturn rules issued by federal agencies. Beyond the immediate effect of blocking an undesirable agency rule, the CRA bars an agency from issuing another rule in “substantially the same form” as the disapproved rule. But the scope of this provision’s future effect on agency rulemaking remains unclear: the statute is silent as to what criteria should be considered in evaluating whether or when a subsequent rule falls into the “substantially the same” category, and the provision has gone untested in court. Rather than proposing a uniform interpretation of "substantially the same," this Article proposes courts adopt a case-by-case approach to allegations that an agency is barred from enacting a particular rule due to a prior CRA resolution. Specifically, the Article argues that courts should apply Chevron and, where appropriate, defer to an agency's conclusion that a rule is not substantially the same as a rule blocked by an earlier CRA resolution. In reaching this conclusion, the Article contends a CRA resolution effectively amends an agency's organic statute, thereby permitting courts to apply Chevron to an agency's determination of whether a rule does or does not fall within the CRA's prohibitive scope.
On tight 6-cycle decompositions of complete 3-uniform hypergraphs

Abstract The complete 3-uniform hypergraph of order v has a vertex set V of size v and the set of all 3-element subsets of V as its edge set. A tight 6-cycle is a hypergraph with vertex set { a , b , c , d , e , f } and edge set { { a , b , c } , { b , c , d } , { c , d , e } , { d , e , f } , { e , f , a } , { f , a , b } } . We show that there exists a decomposition of the complete 3-uniform hypergraph of order v into isomorphic copies of a tight 6-cycle if and only if v ≡ 1 , 2, 10, 20, 28, or 29 ( mod 36 ) .
Finding the water’s edge: when negative partisanship influences foreign policy attitudes

In moments of international crisis, US presidents have historically rallied public support by evoking the national identity. Affective polarization undermines the salience of national identities and threatens to carry domestic divisions across the water’s edge. Does affective polarization reduce individuals’ support for military action? When is polarization most likely to extend beyond the water’s edge? I argue that the foreign policy consequences of affective polarization vary across intervention contexts and individuals. Using a series of ten survey experiments conducted during the 2016 presidential election season, I investigate the presence and stability of partisan gaps in support across security and humanitarian interventions. A second survey experiment directly manipulates negative partisanship, the president’s party affiliation, and the intervention scenario. The results indicate that negative partisanship can undermine the president’s ability to generate support for intervention, but context matters. Humanitarian interventions provide some insulation from the effects of affective polarization.
Repetition Through Recursion

There are times when a sequence of actions should be repeated. We may want to apply a function to all the elements of a list. We may want to add the first twenty numbers in a list. We may want to return the first symbol in a list. To carry out such actions the technique of recursion can be used. It is essential to master recursion, as it is commonly used in Scheme programming. There are different types of recursion that we will explore individually. The important thing is not to just memorize the general form for each type of recursion illustrated, but to get a thorough understanding of the process of writing recursive functions. Recursion is a skill that you improve on with practice. Use the examples to guide you, then practice, practice, practice.
Optimal (partial) group liability in microfinance lending

Abstract This paper develops a model of group borrowing that incorporates partial group liability, where borrowers are penalized if their group members default but are not held responsible for the entirety of the failed loan. The model illustrates a trade-off of group liability lending: while higher levels of group liability increase within group risk-sharing, if liability is too high, borrowers strategically default. The model predicts the existence of an optimal partial liability that maximizes transfers between group members while avoiding strategic default. Consistent with this prediction, loan officers from a large microfinance institution in southern Mexico who rarely allow one group member to repay while the other defaults achieve substantially lower default rates than loan officers for whom the practice is commonplace or for those for whom it has never occurred. Structural estimation using repayment data suggests that while a partial liability below full liability may reduce default rates, the incidence of strategic default is rare.
84 – The Role of PKC Isozymes in Mediating Responses to Ethanol

This chapter discusses the role of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in mediating responses to ethanol. PKC is a key regulator of many cell responses and has received considerable attention as a potential target for mediating responses to ethanol. PKC exists as a family of at least 12 serine/threonine kinase isozymes, each displaying specified intracellular localizations and executing specific functions. This chapter focuses on recent investigations, which identified or strongly implicated a specific PKC isozyme in the manifestation of a physiological or behavioral consequence associated with alcohol consumption. In a cell- or tissue-dependent manner, ethanol selectively regulates PKC isozymes by diverse mechanisms including effects on: expression of specific PKC isozymes; the activity of an isozyme; translocation to a designated membrane; and phosphorylation of the isozyme. Use of PKC isozyme-specific knockout mice has provided an in vivo model to identify the isozymes, which appear to mediate behavioral responses associated with alcohol drinking. This area of research is progressively revealing the molecular mechanisms by which EtOH modulation of a specific PKC isozyme produces physiological responses in various cell types and tissues and behavioral responses in animals.
Molecular interactions in human T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity to Epstein-Barr virus: I. Blocking of effector cell function by monoclonal antibody OKT3

Abstract The ability of different anti-human T-cell lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies to inhibit the effector function of the cytotoxic T-cell response against autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected B-cell targets has been tested. It was found that monoclonal antibody, OKT3, which reacts with most human T cells, blocks the effector cell function in the absence of complement, an effect that was dose dependent. When monoclonal antibody OKT3 was tested at a concentration of 1 μg/ml, inhibition of cytotoxicity ranged between 50 and 80%. The F(ab′) 2 fragment of OKT3 inhibited as well as the intact IgG molecule, indicating that the Fc portion of the antibody is not necessary for the cytotoxicity blocking. The Fab fragment of OKT3 had lower blocking activity per microgram of protein tested. Antibodies SC1, OKT11 (anti-pan T cell), OKT8 (anti-cytotoxic/suppressor subset), and L368 (anti-HLA) did not have any discernible blocking effects. However, antibodies SC1, OKT8, and L368 could abrogate the cytotoxic activity in the presence of complement. Blocking by OKT3 was not due to its being present on the cell surface in higher concentrations than the other monoclonal antibodies since cytofluorographic analysis demonstrated that the amount of OKT8 or L368 antibodies bound on the cells was greater than OKT3. In addition, blocking was not due to antigenic modulation since incubation with antibody OKT3-F(ab′) 2 was not associated with a significant decrease in the amount of its reactive antigen. Under the conditions tested OKT3 did not affect cell viability or cause agglutination.
T.I.M.E. (Techniques to Improve Management Efficiency). Bloomfield, New Jersey: Health Management Systems Inc., 1973

One of the criticisms often leveled at undergraduate and graduate medical educational programs is their failure to prepare physicians in practice management. The neophyte physician beginning practice finds himself faced with a myriad of decisions which will affect the organization, efficiency and economics of that practice immediately and over time. Without direction, many of these decisions are likely to be poor ones which will be costly in terms of time, money and satisfaction to the physician and his patients.
Negative Binomial Regression

Preface 1. Introduction 2. The concept of risk 3. Overview of count response models 4. Methods of estimation and assessment 5. Assessment of count models 6. Poisson regression 7. Overdispersion 8. Negative binomial regression 9. Negative binomial regression: modeling 10. Alternative variance parameterizations 11. Problems with zero counts 12. Censored and truncated count models 13. Handling endogeneity and latent class models 14. Count panel models 15. Bayesian negative binomial models Appendix A. Constructing and interpreting interactions Appendix B. Data sets and Stata files References Index.