cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Development of Mexican Agriculture: A Skeleton Specification

A MONOGRAPH is to be published soon by USDA summarizing preliminary conclusions on the Mexican specification of the agricultural growth process [9]. By mid-1968 a more extensive monograph is planned for publication which will incorporate all results of a joint study by the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Mexico and the Economic Research Service, USDA, which got under way in early 1965. For these reasons, this brief paper is designed only to provide a "skeleton specification," leaving to our forthcoming publication the jobs of providing additional meat to these bare bones and emphasis to worthy issues. This "skeleton specification" has three parts: the "givens," the "what, when, and why" of developments in Mexican agriculture, and a note on the conditions of entry for nontraditional agriculture. The first section is intended to point up some constants in the Mexican specification which may become variables today in our cross-country discussions. The "what, when, and why" second part will focus principally upon the time period from 1940 to the present-the era of modernization of Mexican agriculture. The final part is more speculative: it puzzles over spotty growth in Mexican agriculture, calls for some additions to received theory to fit the Mexican experience, and then attempts to provide these through a discussion of some "conditions of entry" for nontraditional agriculture in Mexi-
II – VI semiconductors come of age

Long-distance fibre-optic communications, laser printers and compact disk players all depend on the same material and device technology – the semiconductor laser. These highly efficient sources are based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) and related III–V ("three–five") compounds. They operate at infrared, and sometimes red, wavelengths but since the 1960s physicists, materials scientists, and electrical engineers have tried to extend these devices to shorter visible wavelengths. There are many potential applications for compact lasers and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) at blue and green wavelengths. Recent proposals include high-density optical memories and display devices, medical diagnostics, and communications through sea water and ice.
Application of PDCA Cycle in Clinical Pathway Management in Our Hospital

Clinical pathway, as a new method of healthcare quality management, has been recognized by health sector, and widely used in hospital management. Applying PDCA cycle into the implementation and management of clinical pathway is an effective mode to promote clinical pathway's continuous improvement, and will also improve its management comprehensively. Its application is of great significance for continuous improvement of healthcare quality and for promoting hospital's competitive edge.
Predicting the Future

Given the relatively active role of international law and the legal process in the Gabcikovo–Nagymaros Project dispute, and the significant reliance on international law by the participants in the Baltic Sea dispute, as well as its increasing use in the Black Sea and Danube River Gauntlet disputes, this chapter seeks to gauge whether there might be an increasing use of international law by CEE states to assist in the resolution of their transboundary environmental disputes. To accomplish this task, this chapter examines the status of the six factors, identified in Chapter 8, that promote the functionality of international law within the regime of transboundary environmental protection.
Sci-Sat AM: Radiation Dosimetry and Practical Therapy Solutions - 09: Stability of a water calorimetry system as a primary standard for absorbed dose to water

Purpose: To investigate the stability of a water calorimetry system as a primary standard for absorbed dose to water using measurements performed in cobalt-60 and high-energy linac photon beams over a span of more than a decade. Methods: Calorimetry measures adsorbed dose directly by recording the amount of heat created when ionizing radiation passes through matter. The radiation-induced temperature rise was measured using two thermistors calibrated against the NRC temperature primary standard, using an AC bridge with lock-in amplifier for precise measurement. The calorimeter system was operated under thermal equilibrium at 4 °C (to eliminate convection) with drifts in water temperature less than 0.1 mK/min. Seven water vessels of various designs were used to make repeated measurements over the course of 17 years. Results: The standard uncertainty achieved for a set of ten calorimeter measurements (4 Gy delivered) was generally well below 0.15 % while the variation between multiple sets for a given vessel was consistent with this value. The long-term stability of the system combined with inter-vessel variations indicated that there was good control of the radiochemistry (chemical heat defect). Conclusions: The measurements performed over a period of several years showed that the combined water calorimeters showed stability at +/− 0.25 % level. Thus, rather than relying on a particular vessel as an artifact one can realize the Gray through the more generalized method of combining a glass vessel, high-purity water and thermistor probes. This provides increased robustness in the dissemination of absorbed dose to Canadian users.
TMEM16 chloride channels are two-faced

Elucidating the oligomeric structure of ion channels is central to understanding their function ([Marsh and Teichmann, 2015][1]). The vast majority of ion channels are formed by multiple subunits organized as an annulus surrounding a solitary, centrally located ion-conducting pore. For example, all
Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake among US and Foreign-Born Males: Evidence from the 2015 NHIS Survey

Research suggests that prostate and colorectal cancers disproportionately affect men in the US, but little is known about the determinants of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake among US and foreign-born males. The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors influence prostate and colorectal cancer screening uptake among US-native born and foreign-born men. Using the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to highlight factors associated with the uptake of prostate and colorectal cancer screening among US-native born and foreign-born men. The sample size consisted of 5651 men respondents, with the mean age of 59.7 years (SD = 12.1). Of these, more than two-fifths (42%) were aged 50–64 years old. With respect to race/ethnicity, the sample was predominantly non-Hispanic Whites (65.5%), 863 (15.6%) Hispanics, and 710 (12.4%) Blacks. Our analysis found higher rates of both US-born and foreign-born men aged 65 years or older, who had either a PSA or CRC screening tests than those aged <65 years. Results of the general multivariate model suggest that men under 50 years old, US-born and foreign-born alike, are statistically significantly less likely to have prostate or colorectal cancer screenings than men aged 65 years or above. This study highlights the influencing factors that encourage or discourage PSA and CRC screening uptake between US-native born and foreign-born men. The results of this inquiry provide an evidence-based blueprint for policymakers and interventionists seeking to address prostate and colorectal cancer among men.
VISUALIZING PLASMA PROTEINS

ABSTRACT Colloidal gold conjugated antibodies were used to visualize fibrinogen and albumin absorbates on Teflon. The effects of concentration on absorption and competitive effects between the two proteins were investigated. The new technique produced good images. Albumin absorbates were irregular and unconnected while fibrinogen formed a connected network on teflon. There appeared to be little effect of concentration on absorption. Neither albumin nor fibrinogen appeared to be preferentially adsorbed or desorbed from the surface.
Sustainability, ideology, and the politics of development in Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur, Mexico

Based upon twelve months of anthropological fieldwork in Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur, Mexico, this article uses political ecology and theoretical work on ideology to examine how local residents use the concept of sustainability to advocate for alternative visions of development. Conceptually, the idea of sustainability has a long, often conflicted history. As political ecologists have pointed out, sustainability can be everything from a tool of dominance and pacification to a strident defense of environment, place, and local rights. Between 2010 and 2012, the residents of Cabo Pulmo waged a campaign against a large-scale tourism development that was perceived as a threat to local livelihoods and environmental health. They deployed the concept of sustainability during this campaign, and afterwards, as a way to build local solidarity in the face of increasing development pressures. Sustainability works as a temporary ideological tool that transcends internal disputes during intense conflicts over the meaning of development. Keywords: Sustainability, ideology, development, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Big heart, small ring.

A 58-year-old man presents with a 1-year history of chronic daytime fatigue, low libido, and difficulty achieving erections. He is upset: his wife suspects him of having an extramarital affair because, in addition to problems with his sexual performance, he has not been wearing his wedding ring. The
Malignant Tumors of the Dia/metaphysis

There are two main types of skeletal malignancies in children: round cell tumors and tumors that arise from mesenchymal elements [1]. Round cell tumors infiltrate the marrow, whereas mesenchymal tumors arise in areas of active ossification of cartilage and deposition of new bone. Marrow-infiltrating tumors include metastatic neuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, lymphoma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. All round cell tumors follow the distribution of hematopoietic bone marrow and do not produce tumor matrix. They destroy bone and are thus radiographically lytic. They also, however, elicit periosteal bone deposition and reactive bone formation both of which can increase radiographic density. Tumors related to the formation of cartilage and bone include osteogenic sarcomas, and cartilaginous tumors. These tumors tend to occur in the vicinity of the fastest growing physes (distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus), and produce characteristic tumor matrix.
High performance asynchronous host-device communication through the Intel® FPGA host pipe extension for OpenCL™ applications

The OpenCL™ standard defines a programming framework for heterogeneous compute engines, including a host API that manipulates device kernels. The global address space provides a mechanism for data to be passed between the host program and accelerator devices. Except for shared virtual memory (SVM) atomics in recent versions of the OpenCL standard, which are not available on many platforms, data is only guaranteed to be communicated between the host and devices at coarse grained synchronization points. Such synchronization is not suited for communication with persistently running kernels, for asynchronous updates to or from executing kernels, or for some low latency applications.The Intel® FPGA host pipe extension for OpenCL applications enables performant bidirectional FIFO (first-in, first-out) communication between a device and the host. The extension leverages the OpenCL 2.x standard pipe API with some expansions to enable pipe data access by the host, and facilitates both lightweight control communication as well as high bandwidth data streaming. The OpenCL memory model is extended to enable host pipe data communication outside of OpenCL synchronization points.A key design principle of the extension is avoidance of memory polling while checking for the availability of data. Even with an expanded memory model, polling can consume precious memory bandwidth. Host pipes provide implicit control information (data presence) as a sideband signal to the data, which enables low overhead querying for existence of data.In the context of the extension implemented on an FPGA, use cases will be detailed to showcase the need for low frequency asynchronous communication without significant hardware or performance costs, including routing table entry updates on a device performing network routing, and asynchronous signaling of detection events in deep packet inspection. A high throughput data flow programming use case will also be described, that saturates PCIe bandwidth using host pipe communication. Benchmark results will be presented from an Intel® Arria® 10 FPGA accelerator.
Infant Play at One Year

Play is a term we use to describe much of the activity of infants and young children. Despite the fact that children of all ages spend a large percentage of their waking time engaged in play, the term itself remains difficult to define and to operationalize formally. Particularly difficult are efforts to distinguish play from exploration. When is a child playing and when is a child exploring? Weisler and McCall (1976), like many others, have come to the conclusion that it is fruitless to advance formal definitions of terms like play and exploration because it is simply impossible to distinguish the two in the ongoing stream of the child’s behavior.
Proline isomerization and protein folding

A reaction as complex as folding of a protein must involve a variety specific chemical processes. Hydrogen bonds and salt bridges are formed, and perhaps broken and interchanged. Solvent-induced hydrophobic associations may occur, or even a general hydrophobic collapse of the polypeptide to a less than fully ordered “globule”. Polypeptide chains might become entangled with each other or with other chains and have to extricate themselves prior to further folding. Intricate shapes and structures may be constructed only to partially or fully unravel on transformation into other more stable forms. The objective of much experimental work on the process of folding has been to obtain direct evidence for some of these expectations. This has been a major challenge since many aspects of folding, rather than having the expected complexity, are, instead, well described by the simplest of chemical mechanisms: a two state process.
El tiempo mítico en los códices mayas

Se sabe desde tiempo atras que los codices mayas contienen importante informacion sobre los rituales, la astronomia y la adivinacion. Abordamos ahora un nuevo nivel de significado, que vincula el mundo maya del Posclasico con las hazanas y proezas de divinidades y seres sobrenaturales, que se remontan al principio de los tiempos.
Kindling Induces Long-Term Changes in Gene Expression

Kindling is a model of epileptogenesis which involves permanent neuronal changes resulting in a hyperexcitable state in a population of neurons51,57,96 The kindled state is achieved by repeated subconvulsive stimulations in a defined pattern which eventually elicit a seizure25. The development of the kindled state is progressive. Early in the protocol the stimulations produce focal afterdischarges and later in the paradigm generalized electrographic and behavioral seizures are produced. Once a predefined number of class 5 behavioral seizures74 is elicited the animal is considered kindled. If a sufficient number of seizures are produced, the animal will exhibit spontaneous seizures68. The kindled state is permanent for the life of the animal in that subconvulsive stimulations can produce a seizure months after the last stimulation induced seizure. A variety of kindling protocols exist. The stimulations can be either electrical25 or chemical97. Traditionally electrical stimulations were administered once a day for several weeks; however, Lothman et al.50 determined that the kindled state could be attained in one day with electrical stimulations administered every 5 min. The stimulations can be applied to different brain regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, perforant path, septum, entorhinal cortex, piriform cortex or perirhinal cortex to attain the kindled state17,51,52,96.
Work and Family Role Strain Among University Employees

This paper analyzes the determinants of work and family role strain among university employees with data from a survey of faculty and staff of a public university in the Western U.S. The results indicate that difficulties caring for children and elderly dependents are the primary causes of work and family role strain in the family domain, while dissatisfaction with resources and perceived unfair criticism are primary in the work domain. The predictors of work and family role strain are similar for faculty and staff, and for men and women, with one exception: Having a supportive spouse or partner reduces work and family role strain much more for women than it does for men. Implications for university personnel policy are discussed.
Social Influence Modeling for Utility Functions in Model Predictive Control

Social influence has no small effect on the preferences and behavior of agents in a social space. Contrary to rationality, we sometimes compromise our own needs for those of others. Thus, social influence has important implications in agent cognitive modeling for multi-objective decision-making problems. Namely, where these activities occur within a social context, the intentional preferences or utility of an agent may be subsumed, to a greater or lesser degree, by the influences of other agents. In this paper, a socially-aware model predictive controller is proposed using a social influence network theory and applied to a HVAC control problem. It transforms individual agent utility to socially-influenced utility reflecting interagent influences due to their existing relationships.
Epigenetic Targeting and Histone Deacetylase Inhibition in RCC

Epigenetic regulation through histone modifications and DNA methylation of critical genes involved in cell cycle regulation, invasion, metastasis, and tumor-induced angiogenesis has been shown to play an important role in cancer development. Epigenetic changes are potentially reversible and therefore represent a target for therapeutic intervention with the potential of modulating oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes involved in the initiation and progression of cancer. Rational combination strategies that take advantage of transcriptional and posttranslational modifications induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors have generated promising preclinical results and are actively being tested in clinical trials. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that kidney tumors are ideal candidates for epigenetic therapies in view of specific mutations in histone modifier genes, overexpression of angiogenesis factors, and intrinsic sensitivity to immunotherapies. This chapter focuses on epigenetic changes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and, in particular, on histone modifications and therapeutic approaches currently underway targeting these epigenetic changes.
Cases in Human Parasitology

Cases in Human Parasitology by Judith S Heelan ASM Press, Washington DC: 2004 ISBN 1-55581-296-1 Paperback: 243 pp, $59.95 1. John P Seabolt, EdD 1. Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, 101 Morgan Bldg, Lexington KY 40506 Not since Reifsnyder's Parasitic Diseases Case Studies (1980) has a book of parasitic disease case studies been published. A welcomed edition, Heelan's Cases in Human Parasitology includes cases of emerging, as well as classical parasites, along with wonderfully colored photomicrographs of the organisms in question. As stated in the introduction, the purpose of the book is to “present cases solely involving parasites to supplement conventional textbooks in human parasitology and to provide an interesting and educational challenge to health care scientists.” The book contains 62 cases of patients who presented to an emergency department or to their physician with symptoms of a parasitic infection. The book is divided into five sections: Intestinal Protozoa; Blood and Tissue Protozoa; Cestodes, Trematodes, and Intestinal Nematodes; Blood and Tissue Nematodes; and Challenging Cases. The latter section also includes some infections in patients with symptoms closely resembling parasitic infection. A glossary is also available at the end of the book. Each section is preceded by a concisely written introduction of background information and ends with a reference list. Each case includes a brief presentation of pertinent patient history appropriate to the infection—travel history, symptoms, age of patient, season, and characteristics of the organism in question, accompanied by a photomicrograph. The history is followed by a list of questions suggesting topics discussed in a comprehensive parasitic textbook; such as, identification, epidemiology, treatment, life cycle, transmission, prevention, and control. The question section is followed by concise answers. This would be an ideal book for use in a…
Towards Protection Mechanisms for Secure and Efficient CAN Operation

Cyber attacks against automobiles have increased over the last decade due to the expansion in attack surfaces. This is the result of modern automobiles having connections such as Bluetooth, WiFi, and other broadband services. While there has been numerous proposed solutions in the literature, none have been widely adopted as maintaining real-time message deliverability in the Controller Area Networks (CAN) outweighs proposed security solutions. Through iterative research, we have developed a solution which mitigates an attacker’s impact on the CAN bus by using CAN’s inherent features of arbitration, error detection and signaling, and fault confinement mechanism. The solution relies on an access controller and message priority thresholds added to the CAN data-link layer. The results provide no time delay for non-malicious traffic and mitigates bus impact of a subverted node attempting to fabricate messages at an unauthorized priority level.
Evidence-based policymaking in auditing regulation: An historical analysis of academic research citation in PCAOB standard-setting practices

Abstract The success of the auditing profession hinges on the efficient and effective development of authoritative guidance that directs practice. Given the opportunity to assist, academicians can provide an understanding of the costs, benefits, and unintended consequences of potential regulatory decisions. Currently, few studies exist in the extant literature that explore the relationship between the development of auditing standards and the contribution of academic research. To investigate the scope of academic literature consideration in the development of public company auditing regulation, we examine whether and to what extent academic citations are referenced throughout the PCAOB’s rulemaking documents. We find evidence that the PCAOB currently appears to incorporate the use of an evidence-based policymaking approach in its standard-setting practices, progressively evolving since its incipience. The findings of this study may lead to a calling for more robust academic discussion in future PCAOB public policy decisions, which in turn may benefit the auditing profession.
Overlap between telangiectasia and photoreceptor loss increases with progression of macular telangiectasia type 2.

Objectives To examine the topographical correlation between ellipsoid zone loss and telangiectasia in the deep capillary plexus in patients with macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel). Methods 38 eyes (20 subjects) diagnosed with MacTel were imaged with OCTA between March 2016 and June 2019 in this single center, cross-sectional observational study. The en face OCTA and OCT were evaluated for areas of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and ellipsoid zone loss, respectively, and their outlines were superimposed to study their overlap (mm2). The primary outcome was percentage of overlap and its relationship to MacTel stage. Secondary outcomes included the relationship between neovascularization and hyperreflective foci as well as correlations between ellipsoid zone loss, deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and visual acuity. Results In nonproliferative MacTel stage, ellipsoid zone loss was localized to margins of telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 15.2%). In proliferative stages, ellipsoid zone loss showed a higher degree of overlap with telangiectatic areas (mean overlap = 62.8%). Overlap increased with advancing MacTel stages, with an overall average of 45.3%. Overlap correlated highly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.831; p<0.0001). Telangiectasia was present in all 38 eyes (range: 0.08mm2–0.99mm2), while ellipsoid zone loss was absent in 6 (range: 0.00–3.32mm2). Visual acuity correlated most strongly with ellipsoid zone loss (r = 0.569; p = 0.0002), followed by overlap (r = 0.544; p = 0.0004), and finally, telangiectasia (r = 0.404; p<0.0118). Presence of hyperreflective foci on OCT correlated with the presence and intraretinal location of neovascularization. Conclusions Ellipsoid zone loss occurs at the margins of deep capillary plexus telangiectasia in nonproliferative MacTel, with progressively increasing overlap as MacTel advances, peaking in proliferative disease. Deep capillary plexus telangiectasia and its overlap with ellipsoid zone loss are two promising markers of nonproliferative MacTel, while hyper-reflective foci are markers for proliferative MacTel.
The protective effect of trusted dealers against opioid overdose in the U.S.

Abstract Background Opioid overdose has become the leading cause of death among adults between 25 and 54 years old in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to explore the social and relational factors that shape the current opioid overdose epidemic. Methods Between January 2016 and February 2017, adults in Providence, Rhode Island, who use opioids were recruited to complete structured survey and semi-structured interview about the social context of their substance use. Results A total of 92 individuals completed a survey and an interview. Of those, 51 individuals (68.6% male, 49.0% white) discussed their relationships with drug suppliers in their interview and were included in this sub-study. Many of these participants indicated that long-term relationships with trusted dealers represent a key strategy for reducing the risk of substance use-related harm due to suppliers’ alleged adoption of consumer protection strategies (e.g. refusing to sell fentanyl) and quality assurance measures (e.g. testing batches of drugs for fentanyl prior to sale). Conclusion Interpersonal relationships between individuals who use drugs and their suppliers strongly influence the risk and protective factors experienced by people who use drugs in today's opioid overdose epidemic. Evidence-based prevention strategies that are based on an awareness of—or even designed to harness—those positive and/or protective relationships that people who use drugs have already constructed for themselves are likely merited.
Association of Mast Cell Burden and TIM-3 Expression with Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps.

Objectives:Previous work showed that higher polyp mast cell load correlated with worse postoperative endoscopic appearance in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Polyp ...
Development of a 2NN-MEAM potential for boron

In this paper, we present the first work in developing a second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) potential function that can be used to model interatomic interactions in bo...
Allele-Specific Thresholds of Eluted Ligands for T-Cell Epitope Prediction.

Abstract A common strategy for predicting candidate human leukocyte antigen class I T-cell epitopes is to use an affinity-based threshold of 500 nM. Although a 500 nM threshold across alleles effectively identifies most epitopes across alleles, findings showing that major histocompatibility complex repertoire sizes vary by allele indicate that using thresholds specific to individual alleles may improve epitope identification. In this work, we compare different strategies utilizing common and allele-specific thresholds to identify an optimal approach for T-cell epitope prediction. First, we confirmed previous observations that different human leukocyte antigen class I alleles correspond with varying repertoire sizes. Here, we define general and allele-specific thresholds that capture 80% of eluted ligands and a different set of thresholds associated with capturing 9-mer T-cell epitopes at 80% sensitivity. Our analysis revealed that allele-specific threshold performance was roughly equivalent to that of a common threshold when considering a relatively large number of alleles. However, when predicting epitopes for only a few alleles, the use of allele-specific thresholds would be preferable. Finally, we present here for public use a set of allele-specific thresholds that may be used to identify T-cell epitopes at 80% sensitivity.
Evolution: Oh, my Cambrian nerves

Summary Developmental gene expression suggests a cryptic subdivision of the anterior brain in euarthropods. A new study illustrates delicate details of the nervous system from exceptionally preserved 500-million-year-old Chinese fossils, supporting the bipartite origin of the anterior brain among Cambrian representatives.
Adaptive Play: Examining Game-Based Coping Behaviour as an Individualized Stress Response

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the widespread use of video games as a significant psychological support for diverse segments of the population when coping with excess stress; however, this response is not limited to the pandemic context. This paper argues for a mixed methods programme of research into the uses of games in coping behaviour, with a particular emphasis on recognizing both individual differences in the psychological needs of players and differences in the affordances of the play experience associated with game genres.
Is probability a part of mathematical truth

We wish to look to using probabilistic methods in what some may view as the “strange new” mathematics. If nature uses probability in quantum physics, then why shouldn’t mathematicians? The possibilities abound. Perhaps “undecidable propositions” should be looked at as statements with probabilistic truth values, perhaps “NP-complete” problems should be attacked probabilistically, and perhaps “chaos” is merely the picture of probability in what used to be thought of as “deterministic reality.”
A decision aid for selecting among information system alternatives

Many information system selection decisions, software decisions, hardware decisions, and project selection decisions involve characteristics that are of a qualitative nature. Present methodologies either ignore the problem of selecting qualitative attributes, or require the assignment of a numerical value to a qualitative variable in order to make a choice involving qualitative benefits. These approaches require application of artificial measures to qualitative variables. A procedure that overcomes these difficulties for selection problems with known alternatives is presented. The procedure is an implicit enumeration procedure based on properties of preference theory, requires no formal optimization procedure, and would be simple to implement in an interactive decision setting involving selection from among a set of known alternatives.
Root cause localization on power networks

Given information about cascading failures on a power network, localization of the root cause is of great importance in accelerating the process of recovering the power network from cascading failures. In order to locate the root cause, we need to answer two questions: (1) Which information can we use to locate the root cause of cascading failures? (2) What algorithm can locate the root cause effectively? In this paper, we present our recent results towards answering these two questions. In particular, we developed a root-cause localization algorithm by exploiting the concept of correlation network, which can describe the diffusion. The simulations based on different power networks are provided, in which we show our algorithm outperforms some other existing algorithms.
Pathophysiological Consequences of Homocysteine Excess

Elevated level of the nonprotein amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and neural tube defects. However, it is not clear why excess Hcy is harmful. To explain Hcy toxicity, the "Hcy-thiolactone hypothesis" has been proposed. According to this hypothesis, metabolic conversion of Hcy to a chemically reactive metabolite, Hcy-thiolactone, catalyzed by methionyl-tRNA synthetase is the first step in a pathway that contributes to Hcy toxicity in humans. Plasma Hcy-thiolactone levels are elevated in human subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia caused by mutations in CBS or MTHFR genes. Plasma and urinary Hcy-thiolactone levels are also elevated in mice fed a high-methionine diet. Hcy-thiolactone can be detrimental because of its intrinsic ability to form N-Hcy-protein adducts, in which a carboxyl group of Hcy is N-linked to e-amino group of a protein lysine residue. This article reviews recent studies of Hcy-thiolactone and N-Hcy-protein in the human body, including their roles in autoimmune response, cellular toxicity, and atherosclerosis. Potential utility of Hcy-thiolactone, N-Hcy-protein, or anti-N-Hcy-protein autoantibodies as markers of Hcy excess is discussed. J.
Oligopolization of Global Media and Telecommunications and its Implications for Democracy

Propelled by neoliberalism, an enormous wave of mergers has led to a steady oligopolization of the world's media and telecommunications networks. This paper explores the reasons and forces that underlie this phenomenon, particularly deregulation, as they pertain to democratic access to information, including the Internet. It summarizes the major firms that dominate the world's information systems, focusing on Rupert Murdoch and the News Corporation. The paper considers the social and spatial equity implications of corporate control, including the digital divide. Finally, it turns to the political implications of media and communications oligopolization for democracy, arguing that the concentration of ownership in a declining number of hands is inherently conservative and anti-democratic in nature and implication.
Compressional mode softening and Euler buckling patterns in mesoscopic beams

We describe a sequence of Euler buckling instabilities associated with the transverse modes of a mesoscopic beam subjected to compressional strain. As the strain is increased, successively higher normal mode frequencies are driven to zero; each zero signals an instability in the corresponding normal mode that can be realized if all lower instabilities are suppressed by constraints. When expressed in terms of the critical buckling modes, the potential energy functional takes the form of a multimode Ginzburg–Landau system that describes static equilibria in the presence of symmetry breaking forces. This model is used to analyse the complex equilibrium shapes that have been observed experimentally in strained mesoscopic beams. Theoretically predicted critical strain values agree with the appearances of higher order mode structures as the length-to-width aspect ratio increases. The theory also predicts upper bounds on the individual mode amplitudes that are consistent with the data. Based on insights from the theory, we suggest possible origins of the buckling patterns.
Keynote: “Re-engineering acute care”

Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are exposed to multiple potentially critical complications such as delirium, acute lung injury, acute renal failure, and sepsis. Those who suffered critical complications and survived often require costly long term care, e.g., post-hospital treatment attributed to delirium alone adds $143-152 billion per year to U.S. healthcare costs. Delirium in hospitalized patients could be reduced by 30-40% if first rate care is widely available. However, “mass production” of low cost expert physicians is impossible. In 2010, ICUs already comprised 20% of hospitals' budgets in U.S. As the population ages, ICU usages will intensify. The magnitude of challenges faced in the ICU is enormous, and complicated by the fact that critical complications in ICU mentioned above are NOT single diseases. They are syndromes with a very wide range of precipitating factors, including aging, surgery, trauma, anesthesia, compromised immunity, systemic inflammation, infection or drug side effects. For example, with disparate mechanisms of onset, patients with sepsis have highly variable presentations: one may have a fever and high white blood cell count while another has a low body temperature and low white blood cell count. This is also a complex big data challenge. A critically ill patient can generate up to a million data points per hour from monitoring devices that need to be analyzed together with medical records, genetic profile and physicians' insight. To address these challenges, it is important to create an accurate and robust model of the pathophysiological organ interactions and the effect and side effects of treatments, using physician supervised machine learning that integrates the conventional clinical data, biomarkers and genetic profile. Such a quantitative model will provide key description of characteristic patterns in critical complications, leading to early warning and timely preventive intervention. The success will open a new scientific frontier, cyber - medical systems: ushering synchronized advancement of medicine, nano-biosensors, genetics, machine learning and safety critical system integration architecture and development process. This will improve almost all aspects of medicine, creating a new industry segment, and greatly reduce costs of health care.
Resistance of underyearling and yearling atlantic salmon and lake trout to supersaturation with air

Abstract Juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and lake trout Salvelinus namaycush of different sizes were exposed for 96 h to water supersaturated with air. Underyearlings (Atlantic salmon shorter than 66 ± 8 mm [mean total length ± SD] and lake trout shorter than 96 mm) were resistant to high dissolved-gas pressures. The level of supersaturation causing 50% mortality was lower for yearling Atlantic salmon (148 ± 17 mm long) than for underyearling Atlantic salmon, and sensitivity to supersaturation was greater in lake trout 96 ± 1 to 153 ± 17 mm long than in those 23 ± 1 to 46 ± 4 mm long. Incidence of cutaneous emphysema and other signs of gas bubble disease increased as supersaturation increased. The number of bubbles and number of sites with bubbles were higher in the older fish. Among fish 150 ± 17 mm long, Atlantic salmon seemed to be less resistant to gas supersaturation than did lake trout.
Entry into outer planet environments. I - The radiating shock layer with coupled ablation for carbon and silica

Fully coupled solutions of shock layer equations for the stagnation region are obtained, comprising a set of converged benchmark flowfield solutions for silica and carbon heat shields entering modeled atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. Model atmospheres and entry trajectories providing significant radiative heating to the entry probes so that the heating environment and effects of mass addition on the heating environment are clearly defined are emphasized. Results referable to the carbon heat shield are questioned because of the high (sublimation) wall temperature assumed and the relatively low shock layer temperature.
Drop formation in liquid‐liquid systems from single nozzles

Interfacial area is an important variable in mass transfer operations. In liquid-liquid extraction systems, where interfacial area comprises drop surfaces, the area can be computed if drop sizes are known. This work presents a new correlation which predicts volumes of drops formed from single nozzles to within 20% throughout the range of nozzle flow rates for which uniform drop sizes are obtained.
The preparation of α-methoxyalkyliron complexes: precursors of secondary carbeneiron complexes

Abstract The addition of methyl-, n-butyl-, phenyl-, and p-tolyl-lithium reagents to (C5H5)(CO)2FeCHOCH3+ PF6+ gives the respective α-methoxyalkyliron complexes in good yield. The addition of vinyllithium or vinylmagnesium bromide to (C5H5)(CO)2FeCHOCH3+ PF6− yields rearranged product cis-(C5H5)(CO)2- FeCH2CHCHOCH3.
Thermomechanical behavior of a systematic series of poly(L-alpha-alkylamino acids) in dry and moist nitrogen

The solid-state thermomechanical behavior of polyglycine, poly-L-alanine, poly-L-valine, and poly-L-leucine was investigated throughout the temperature range −180° to 500°C in dry and moist nitrogen atmospheres at about 1 cps using torsional braid analysis. Transitions of the dry polymers and complexities introduced by the presence of water were investigated by temperature cycling.
Toxicology of maternally ingested trichloroethylene (TCE) on embryonal and fetal development in mice and of TCE metabolites on in vitro fertilization.

Abstract Trichloroethylene (TCE), an industrial solvent, is a soil and ground water contaminant found across the United States. The metabolism and carcinogenic potential of TCE have been studied extensively in the past 15 years yet there is little information on the chemical's possible effects on reproduction. No reference to the reproductive effects in mice of TCE by oral administration exists in the literature. In this study, female B6D2F1 mice were gavaged from Days 1 to 5, 6 to 10, or 11 to 15 (Day 1 = vaginal plug) with TCE in corn oil at 0, 1 10 , and 1 100 of the oral LD50. Weights of mice were recorded and the livers and kidneys were weighed and preserved in 10% buffered formalin. Litters were counted, sexed, weighed, and measured for crown-rump length until weaning on Day 21 and some animals were allowed to develop to 6 weeks of age. At this time, a minimum of two litters from each dose were killed and gonads removed, weighed, and preserved in Bouin's fixative. Litters were also assessed for developmental abnormalities. No maternal or reproductive effect of TCE was seen at either dose level. TCE, administered consecutively on Days 1 to 5, 6 to 10, and 11 to 15 of pregnancy, does not appear to be a potential reproductive toxicant up to 1 10 the oral LD50. In a second series of studies, TCE and its metabolites dichloroacetic acid (DCA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), and trichloroethanol (TCOH) were added to culture media to assess the toxic effects on in vitro fertilization (IVF) in mice. Cumulus masses from B6D2F1 female mice and capacitated sperm from B6D2F1 male mice were placed in medium containing one or a combination of the above chemicals. After a 24-hr period in 5% CO2 incubator oocytes were assessed for fertilization. TCE, up to 1000 ppm, showed no effect on IVF. DCA, TCAA, and TCOH each showed a dose-related effect up to 1000 ppm. TCAA and TCOH did not exhibit a synergistic effect.
The problem of the evolution of human races: classification or clines?

(1972). The problem of the evolution of human races: Classification or clines? Social Biology: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 136-162.
Improving the Performance Effectiveness of Groups Through a Task-Contingent Selection of Intervention Strategies

A framework is presented for selecting general intervention strategies based on an analysis of the group task. Using this framework, studies which have tried to assess the effects of various intervention strategies on group performance are reviewed and findings shown to be consistent with predictions made by the framework; seemingly contradictory findings are shown to be reconcilable.
Marital Homogamy in the United States: The Influence of Individual and Paternal Education

Abstract Using information on first marriages from wave one of the National Survey of Families and Households, I form indicators of birth cohort and paternal education for wives, and then construct a four-way cross-classification table including husband's education, wife's education, wife's birth cohort, and wife's paternal education. The resulting table is examined using Quasi-Independence and Crossing Parameter models of association, and fitted parameters describing the extent of educational homogamy and intermarriage implied by this table are presented. Then similar cohort and paternal education indicators are formed for husbands and a second four-way table is constructed, which incorporates the same husband and wife education indicators. Identical analyses are carried out, resulting in a second set of homogamy and intermarriage parameters. Since husband and wife's educations do not change across the two tables and their birth cohorts are similar, it follows that any differences in the two sets of parameters are largely the result of differences in the effects of the two paternal education indicators. I show that the effect of paternal education on homogamy and intermarriage varies by gender, in such a way that wives appear to benefit more from added inputs of paternal education than do husbands. I argue as a result that inherited educational status may play a more important role in determining daughters' eventual marital outcomes.
Ensemble correlation function computation by multiplication

M. Bernfeld (ibid., vol 52, p. 744, June 1964) has observed that binary sequences have an autocorrelation function which may be obtained by ordinary decimal multiplication of the sequence by its inverse, providing that the columns do not sum to over ten (yielding carries). The present author extends this observation in two directions. The lint extension notes that one can retrieve carries by making use of the symmetry properties of the autocorrelation function, and thus accommodate sequences or codes with a dynamic range of one through nine. The second extension observes that there are alternate means of decomposing a binary sequence of pluses and minuses which yield an easier machine computation than Bernfeld's.
Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres

1. Introduction 2. Solar Flux and Molecular Absorption 3. Chemical Kinetics 4. Origins 5. Giant Planets 6. Satellites and Pluto 7. Mars 8. Venus 9. Earth: Imprint of Life 10. Earth: Human Impact
Conversion of an Imaged-Based Lecture to a Virtual Microscopic Tutorial; a Practical Approach Including Student Feedback for Consecutive Classes

Virtual microscopy is becoming a more accepted method of teaching microscopic anatomy and pathology to medical students in the first two years of their undergraduate medical education. We demonstrate a practical approach to converting an image-based pathology lecture with still images to a virtual microscopic laboratory tutorial designed for a smaller group setting and present student feedback obtained for two academic years. A virtual slide was selected to match each pre-existing case, which included the clinical history, physical exam findings and ancillary studies. After a short introduction to the particular case and a low-power still image “tease” of the virtual slide, groups of 2–4 students previewed the slides on their computer and answered questions about the microscopic findings. Afterwards, the laboratory instructors went over the low and high power findings with the students from still images taken of the virtual slides. A pre- and post-laboratory questionnaire to assess the students’ grasp of the microscopic pathology and comfort with the virtual slides was administered for academic years 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. Of the second year medical students queried (N=210), 99% had used a microscope at some point in their lifetime. Ninety-two percent of the respondents that had used a microscope before (N=205) preferred using virtual slides. Although significant work may be required, conversion of an image-based pathology lecture to a virtual microscopic laboratory tutorial can be less time consuming than creating one from scratch. It may also prove to be a cost-effective manner in which to reduce large-group contact hours.