cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An anisotropic, viscoplastic power law for face-centred cubic crystals: comparative evaluations in the Goss and Brass orientations of channel die compression

An anisotropic, viscoplastic power law is introduced and applied to analysis of the Goss and Brass orientations, and compared with predictions from rate-independent theory and experiment. The structure of the new power law is so chosen that it has the capability of approaching rate-independent results for lattice rotation and crystal shearing, after finite rotation about the load axis, in the range of unstable lattice orientations in (110) channel die compression. (Rate-independent predictions of shear and lattice rotation are in good to very good agreement with experiments on aluminium and copper in that range, whereas classic isotropic power-law results are not.) It is established that, for sufficiently large power-law exponent n , the new anisotropic, elasto-viscoplastic theory predicts: (i) lattice stability in each of the Goss and Brass orientations, consistent with both experiment and rate-independent theory; (ii) zero crystal shear in the Goss orientation, also consistent with both; (iii) finite shear in the Brass orientation, in very good agreement with experiment and rate-independent theory; and (iv) a lateral-constraint stress that remains essentially elastic in both orientations, as predicted by rate-independent theory and close to experimental measurements for aluminium and copper in the Brass orientation.
Node-Pore Sensing Enables Label-Free Surface-Marker Profiling of Single Cells

Flow cytometry is a ubiquitous, multiparametric method for characterizing cellular populations. However, this method can grow increasingly complex with the number of proteins that need to be screened simultaneously: spectral emission overlap of fluorophores and the subsequent need for compensation, lengthy sample preparation, and multiple control tests that need to be performed separately must all be considered. These factors lead to increased costs, and consequently, flow cytometry is performed in core facilities with a dedicated technician operating the instrument. Here, we describe a low-cost, label-free microfluidic method that can determine the phenotypic profiles of single cells. Our method employs Node-Pore Sensing to measure the transit times of cells as they interact with a series of different antibodies, each corresponding to a specific cell-surface antigen, that have been functionalized in a single microfluidic channel. We demonstrate the capabilities of our method not only by screening two acute promyelocytic leukemia human cells lines (NB4 and AP-1060) for myeloid antigens, CD13, CD14, CD15, and CD33, simultaneously, but also by distinguishing a mixture of cells of similar size—AP-1060 and NALM-1—based on surface markers CD13 and HLA-DR. Furthermore, we show that our method can screen complex subpopulations in clinical samples: we successfully identified the blast population in primary human bone marrow samples from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and screened these cells for CD13, CD34, and HLA-DR. We show that our label-free method is an affordable, highly sensitive, and user-friendly technology that has the potential to transform cellular screening at the benchside.
Effect of Moving Capillary Red Blood Cells on Alveolar Respiration

Researchers in the open literature have focused on developing methods to estimate the lung diffusing capacity (DL) both theoretically and experimentally because of the continuous interest in understanding the gas transfer phenomenon of respiration.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Characterization of a Plutonium-Bearing Zirconolite-Rich Synroc

A titanate-based ceramic waste form, rich in phases structurally related to zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7), is being developed as a possible method for immobilizing excess plutonium from dismantled nuclear weapons. As part of this program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) produced several ceramics that were then characterized at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The plutonium-loaded ceramic was found to contain a Pu-Gd zirconolite phase but also contained plutonium titanates, Gd-polymignyte, and a series of other phases. In addition, much of the Pu was remained as PuO2-x. The Pu oxidation state in the zirconolite was determined to be mainly Pu4+, although some Pu3+ was believed to be present.
Administrative Law After The Counter-Reformation: Restoring Faith in Pragmatic Government

This essay is part of a Symposium entitled ?American Regulatory Policy: Have We Found A Third Way?? It considers whether there is a ?third way? to think about the accountability of government to the public when it implements regulatory and other related functions. Administrative law has been dominated in the last thirty years by two viewpoints of government. The ?reformation? named by Richard Stewart in the 1970s, obtained a fundamental reorientation of administrative law as a pluralistic decision-making process, in which citizens can participate and hold government accountable to carry out its many regulatory missions. The reformation was followed by what I call the ?counter-reformation? which, as its name implies, seeks to undo the achievements of the reformation. The counter-reformation seeks to rationalize regulation by requiring policy analysis and by reducing excessive citizen participation in the regulatory process. The counter-reformation has provoked two reactions. The first, the ?restoration?, seeks to restore the reformation by blunting, if not reversing, the impact of the counter-reformation. The other, the ?reconciliation?, seeks to reconcile the reformation and counter-reformation by relying on cooperation with regulated entities and on participatory decision-making involving regulated entities, citizens, and regulators. The jury is out, however, on whether the processes favored by the reconciliation can obtain the objectives of the reformation and counter-reformation without the undesirable side-effects of each. The reconciliation might be characterized as a ?third way? in administrative law because, while it shares the objectives of both the reformation and counter-reformation, it proposes a conception of the administrative process that is fundamentally different than either. This essay argues, however, the pragmatic tradition of governance in the United States offers a better conception for administrative reform. With its instrumental orientation, pragmatic governance adopts procedures on the basis of actual outcomes. Thus, it would utilize procedures of the reformation and the counter-reformation, but based on a dispassionate assessment of their strengths and weaknesses, rather than on a fear of capture. With its interest in experimentation, pragmatic governance would try the procedures favored by the reconciliation, but subject them to the same demanding test.
Exploration and Research on the Training of Undergraduates' Creative Ability

With the speedup of economic globalization process,it is of great importance to train undergraduates' creative ability and current social demand for talent emerges new changes in the situation.The demand of higher talent,especially that of high-quality innovative talent has become increasingly strong.Viewing the current development situation,the paper discusses the quality an innovative talent should have in this situation.On this basis,it also brings forward some effective measures to train undergraduates' creative ability.
Comparison of Three Methods for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Cynomolgus Monkey

Three methods for early pregnancy diagnosis in cynomolgus monkey are compared to find out an accurate and reliable one.Cynomolgus monkeys were examined by rectal palpation,B ultrasound and progesterone testing on 20 days of gestation(GD) for early pregnancy diagnosis,and pregnancy is confirmed by B ultrasound examination on GD20.The accuracy of B ultrasound was 96.4%;the accuracy of rectal palpation was 92.9%;the accuracy of progesterone testing was 64.3%.B ultrasound with highest accuracy is gold standard method of pregnancy diagnosis in cynomolgus monkeys;rectal palpation is accurate,convenient and economical,which is suitable for large quantities of diagnosis;progesterone test with low accuracy can be used as a secondary method of early pregnancy diagnosis.
Esophageal reconstruction for benign disease. Technical considerations.

During the past 3 years, 21 patients have required esophageal substitution or bypass for benign disease. The techniques and principles of esophageal replacement we have found useful in treating these patients are reviewed, with emphasis upon our preferred method of esophageal replacement—one-stage thoracic esophagectomy with interposition of a long segment of isoperistaltic left colon.
The Firm as a Bundle of Competencies: Understanding the Depth and the Breadth of Our Capabilities

There are two very different tasks that we have to address to perform the strategic analysis required in the Delta Model. The first one is to look into the demand side of the business, which leads to Customer Segmentation and Customer Value Proposition, the subject that we covered in the previous chapter. The essence of that analysis is to break the total marketplace into elements that allow us to target the individual needs of the customers in the most effective way.
Low Temperature ABC-Type Ru Atomic Layer Deposition through Consecutive Dissociative Chemisorption, Combustion, and Reduction Steps

Thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of noble metals is frequently performed using molecular oxygen as the nonmetal precursor to effect combustion-type chemistry at relatively high temperatures of 300 °C. Bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium (Ru(EtCp)2) is one of the commonly used metal precursors for Ru ALD. Using Ru(EtCp)2 and oxygen as reactants, Ru ALD was achieved at near 300 °C. Here, we demonstrate that Ru ALD can proceed at as low as 150 °C by using successive exposures to oxygen and hydrogen as the coreactants. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and quadrupole mass spectroscopy (QMS) measurements both suggest that this ABC-type ALD occurs through dissociative chemisorption, combustion, and reduction for the Ru(EtCp)2, oxygen, and hydrogen steps, respectively, in a similar manner to processes using ozone and hydrogen as coreactants reported previously. Moreover, we believe this molecular O2 and H2 based ABC-type ALD could be exploited for the ALD of other noble metals to decrease the deposi...
Systemic Corticosteroid Responses in Children with Severe Asthma: Phenotypic and Endotypic Features.

Background Severe asthma in children is a heterogeneous disorder associated with variable responses to corticosteroid treatment. Criterion standards for corticosteroid responsiveness assessment in children are lacking. Objective This study sought to characterize systemic corticosteroid responses in children with severe asthma after treatment with intramuscular triamcinolone and to identify phenotypic and molecular predictors of an intramuscular triamcinolone response. Methods Asthma-related quality of life, exhaled nitric oxide, blood eosinophils, lung function, and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were assessed in 56 children with severe asthma at baseline and 14 days after intramuscular triamcinolone injection. The Asthma Control Questionnaire was used to classify children with severe asthma into corticosteroid response groups. Results Three groups of children with severe asthma were identified: controlled severe asthma, children who achieved control after triamcinolone, and children who did not achieve control. At baseline, these groups were phenotypically similar. After triamcinolone, discordance between symptoms, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide, and blood eosinophils was noted. Clinical phenotypic predictors were of limited utility in predicting the triamcinolone response, whereas systemic mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines related to IL-2, IL-10, and TNF signaling pathways, namely, AIMP1, CCR2, IL10RB, and IL5, strongly differentiated children who failed to achieve control with triamcinolone administration. Conclusions Systemic corticosteroid responsiveness in children with severe asthma is heterogeneous. Alternative prediction models that include molecular endotypic as well as clinical phenotypic features are needed to identify which children derive the most clinical benefit from systemic corticosteroid step-up therapy given the potential side effects.
Martin Opitz.Gesammelte Werke, ed. George Schulz-Behrend. Bd. I: Die Werke Von 1614 bis 1621. Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, No. 295

(1969). Martin Opitz.Gesammelte Werke, ed. George Schulz-Behrend. Bd. I: Die Werke Von 1614 bis 1621. Bibliothek des Literarischen Vereins in Stuttgart, No. 295. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 237-238.
Designing a Child Protection Mediation Program in a New Era

Focuses on best practices in child protection mediation program design and thinking about ideal design in an era of limited judicial resources. The authors focus on stakeholder engagement and also the importance of judicial support.
A new eimerian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from southern short-tailed shrews, Blarina carolinensis (Bachman) (Soricimorpha: Soricidae: Soricinae) from southeastern Oklahoma, USA

A new species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from faecal samples of two of three southern short-tailed shrews, Blarina carolinensis (Bachman) (Soricidae) from southeastern Oklahoma, USA. Oocysts of Eimeria tkachi n. sp. are subspheroidal to ovoidal with a rough-pitted, tan colored, bi-layered wall, measure 16.5 × 15.2 µm, and have a length/width (L/W) ratio of 1.1; both micropyle and oocyst residuum are absent, but polar granule(s) are present. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 9.5 × 6.5 µm, L/W 1.4; a distinct button-like Stieda body is present, but the sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies are absent and the sporocyst residuum is composed of large globules distributed throughout the sporocyst. Sporozoites have a spheroidal anterior refractile body, a subspheroidal posterior refractile body, and one centrally-located nucleus. This is the smallest eimerian described thus far from the Soricidae, the initial description of a coccidian from B. carolinensis, and the first from any shrew from Oklahoma.
Structure-property relations of epoxies used as composite matrices

The structure-deformation/failure process-mechanical property relations of epoxies used as matrices in high performance fibrous composites are presented. Such composites are fabricated either from carbon fiber-epoxy prepregs or by filament winding. The parameters that affect the processing, cure reactions and the resultant chemical and physical structure of the epoxies are discussed. The deformation and failure processes of these glasses are described. The structural parameters that control the deformation and failure processes, the mechanical response and aging of epoxies are addressed and means of improving their processing and performance are described.
Walter Benjamin and the Question of Print in Media History

Although Walter Benjamin’s “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction” is a seminal essay in the study of media history, the work itself gives a surprisingly brief account of one of fie...
Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Classroom Management, and the Cradle-to-Prison Pipeline

In this article, we focus on connections between and among teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs, classroom management practices, and the cradle to prison pipeline. Drawing from Bandura’s (1986) theoriza...
Postprandial effect to decrease soluble epoxide hydrolase activity: roles of insulin and gut microbiota

Epoxides of free fatty acids (FFAs), especially epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), are lipid mediators with beneficial effects in metabolic and cardiovascular (CV) health. FFA epoxides are quickly metabolized to biologically less active diols by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Inhibition of sEH, which increases EET levels, improves glucose homeostasis and CV health and is proposed as an effective strategy for the treatment of diabetes and CV diseases. Here, we show evidence that sEH activity is profoundly reduced in postprandial states in rats; plasma levels of 17 sEH products (i.e., FFA diols), detected by targeted oxylipin analysis, all decreased after a meal. In addition, the ratios of sEH product to substrate (sEH P/S ratios), which may reflect sEH activity, decreased ~70% on average 2.5 h after a meal in rats (P<.01). To examine whether this effect was mediated by insulin action, a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed for 2.5 h, and sEH P/S ratios were assessed before and after the clamp. The clamp resulted in small increases rather than decreases in sEH P/S ratios (P<.05), indicating that insulin cannot account for the postprandial decrease in sEH P/S ratios. Interestingly, in rats treated with antibiotics to deplete gut bacteria, the postprandial effect to decrease sEH P/S ratios was completely abolished, suggesting that a gut bacteria-derived factor(s) may be responsible for the effect. Further studies are warranted to identify such a factor(s) and elucidate the mechanism by which sEH activity (or sEH P/S ratio) is reduced in postprandial states.
Unconventional monetary policy in the Asian financial crisis

Some of the policies central banks used during the Asian Financial Crisis had elements of unconventional monetary policy in that they involved the government buying assets that the private sector was unwilling to hold. We focus on public funding of bank recapitalizations in Thailand and the extraordinary purchase of equities in Hong Kong. Although it is important to calibrate these policies appropriately, we believe they helped to stabilize economies through channels that were not well understood at the time of the Asian crisis.
Psychopharmacology of Aggressive States and Features of Conduct Disorder

Disruptive behavior, a leading referral complaint to child psychiatry outpatient clinics, and aggressive states are the targeted pathologies for this article. Some of the newer pharmacologic agents being employed to reduce the problem behaviors are described. Comorbidity and prevalence practices of prescribing physicians are also discussed.
A Systematic Review of STEM Instruction with Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often require differentiated strategies to access academic content. Hence, research-based interventions to support STEM (Science, Mathematics, Technology, and Engineering) education for individuals with ASD are necessary to guide implementation. This review serves to (a) summarize studies that investigated the effects of STEM interventions for students with ASD ranging from ages 5 to 25 years, (b) provide recommendations to educators for teaching STEM to students with ASD, and (c) identify gaps for future research. Forty-four studies were synthesized and categorized based on STEM area. This review highlights promising instructional interventions in science and mathematics and recognizes the need for more literature on technology and engineering instruction. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
CURM: Promoting Undergraduate Research in Mathematics

The national Center for Undergraduate Research in Mathematics (CURM) was established in 2006 with funding from NSF to promote academic year undergraduate research in the mathematical sciences by training faculty members as mentors for undergraduate research projects, having these faculty members mentor undergraduate students in small research groups that work during the academic year at their own institution, and preparing undergraduate students to succeed in graduate studies in mathematics.
An Empirical Investigation on the Transfer of Expatriates Within MNCs from a Knowledge Perspective

We study the use of expatriates in transferring knowledge within a multinational corporation (MNC). We argue that MNCs use expatriates to allocate knowledge between headquarters and its foreign affiliates. With data from MNCs headquartered in South Korea, we trace unobservable knowledge using observable labour mobility. Our empirical analysis shows that the use of expatriates increases as communication between South Korea and the host country becomes more costly. However, the extent to which the use of expatriates relates with communication costs decreases in the sectoral complexity.
Trauma, Post-Migration Stress, and Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Refugees and Immigrants in the United States.

Numerous studies describe mental health effects of pre-migration trauma and post-resettlement stress among refugees, yet less research examines these associations with non-refugee immigrants. Additionally, few studies assess the prevalence and impact of traumatic experiences after settlement in a new country. Using a U.S.-based representative sample of Asian (n = 1637) and Latino (n = 1620) refugees and immigrants, we investigated how traumatic events prior to and after migration, and post-migration stressors, are associated with mental illness and distress. Pre-migration trauma posed risk across a broad range of psychological outcomes for Asian refugees and Latino immigrants. Deleterious effects of post-migration trauma were notable for both groups of refugees and immigrants. Discrimination, acculturative stress, and family conflict increased risk for disorder and distress across groups in complex ways. Findings highlight the importance of examining trauma and stress at pre- and post-migration phases across migrant populations, including those not labeled as refugees.
Restarting a Government of Laws in the United States of America

The America legal system is failing; it is losing its government of laws. Above all, its legal methods, its ways of making and applying law are, as most observers recognize, dysfunctional. This essay identifies eleven steps that Americans might take to restart a government of laws: 1. Celebrate the legislative in America’s founding. 2. Remember the statutory past. 3. Overcome common law myths. 4. Systematize existing laws. 5. Adopt laws that guide. 6. Rationalize lawmaking. 7. Take statutes’ validity seriously. 8. Take statutes’ meaning seriously. 9. Judge according to laws. 10. Coordinate federal and state governments and laws. 11. Learn from others.
OP0017 The impact of the duration of bisphosphonate drug holidays on hip fracture rates

Background Given FDA warnings, drug holidays (temporary or permanent discontinuation) of bisphosphonates (BPs) after long-term (3–5 years) continuous therapy is becoming increasingly common in the United States (US). However, the benefits and risks of stopping BPs, and the optimal timing to restart, remain unclear. Objectives We conducted a population-based cohort study of women on long term BP therapy to evaluate the rate of hip fracture following a drug holiday. Methods We used Medicare data (2006–2014) to identify all women with medical and pharmacy coverage who initiated a BP and were at least 80% adherent for ≥3 years (‘baseline’), at which follow-up time began. Patients using other bone therapies (e.g. denosumab, oestrogen, teriparatide, calcitonin) were excluded or censored if they started after follow-up began. We calculated crude rates of hip fracture for continuing BP therapy and among those who discontinued, for categories of time since discontinuing (i.e., length of drug holiday), extending up to 3 years. We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the risk of discontinuing per the length of the drug holiday, using age as the time axis and controlling for potentially confounding factors, with and without adjusting for death as a competing risk. Results We identified 1 56 236 women who were highly adherent, long-term BP users. The mean (SD) age was 78.5 (7.5) years. The most commonly used BPs were alendronate (71.7% ever use, 52% exclusive use) and zoledronic acid (16.2% ever use, 8.9% exclusive use). During a median (IQR) followup of 2.1 (1.0, 3.3) years, 62 676 (40.1%) of women stopped BP therapy for at least 6 months or more. Among these women, 7947 (12.7%) subsequently restarted any BP. Overall, 16 904 (10.8%) died. A total of 3745 hip fractures occurred during follow-up. Hip fracture rates were lowest among women who were current users, and gradually increased as the length of the drug holiday increased, achieving their maximum with a drug holiday >2 years (table 1). Conclusions In a large cohort of U.S. women, a BP drug holiday greater than 2 years was associated with a significantly increased risk for hip fracture of up to 39% compared to continued BP use. Disclosure of Interest J. Curtis Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Corrona, Janssen, Lilly, Myriad, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Corrona, Janssen, Lilly, Myriad, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, UCB, R. Chen Grant/research support from: Amgen, Z. Li Grant/research support from: Amgen, T. Arora Grant/research support from: Amgen, K. Saag Grant/research support from: Amgen, Merck, Consultant for: Amgen, Merck, Radius, N. Wright: None declared, S. Daigle: None declared, M. Kilgore Grant/research support from: Amgen, E. Delzell: None declared
Tools, Techniques, and Methodologies: A Survey of Digital Forensics for SCADA Systems

Security aspects of SCADA environments and the systems within are increasingly a center of interest to researchers and security professionals. As the rise of sophisticated and nation-state malware targeting such systems flourishes, traditional digital forensics tools struggle to transfer the same capabilities to systems lacking typical volatile memory primitives, monitoring software, and the compatible operating-system primitives necessary for conducting forensic investigations. Even worse, SCADA systems are typically not designed and implemented with security in mind, nor were they purpose-built to monitor and record system data at the granularity associated with traditional IT systems. Rather, these systems are often built to control field devices and drive industrial processes. More succinctly, SCADA systems were not designed with a primary goal of interacting with the digital world. Consequently, forensics investigators well-versed in the world of digital forensics and incident response face an array of challenges that prevent them from conducting effective forensic investigation in environments with vast amounts of critical infrastructure. In order to bring SCADA systems within the reach of the armies of digital forensics professionals and tooling already available, both researchers and practitioners need a guide to the current state-of-the-art techniques, a road-map to the challenges lying on the path forward, and insight into the future directions R&D must move towards. To that end, this paper presents a survey into the literature on digital forensics applied to SCADA systems. We cover not only the challenges to applying digital forensics to SCADA like most other reviews, but also the range of proposed frameworks, methodologies, and actual implementations in literature.
Role of astroglia in diet-induced central neuroplasticity

Obesity, characterized by increased adiposity that develops when energy intake outweighs expenditure, is rapidly becoming a serious health crisis that affects millions of people worldwide and is as...
Biogeographic patterns among seed-bearing and spore-bearing plants across the California Channel Islands.

Spore-bearing and seed-bearing plants differ in their ability to colonize islands from mainland sources. To assess the importance of these differences, we investigated patterns of species richness and species composition for the native bryophyte, fern, and seed plant floras of the California Channel Islands. Native richness was regressed against island area, maximum elevation, distance to mainland, distance to nearest propagule source along prevailing wind trajectories, and latitude for the 3 plant groups. Ordinations, Mantel tests, randomization tests, and an analysis partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components were used to identify similarities and differences in species composition across the 3 groups. Patterns of species richness were mostly consistent across the 3 groups, with island area and maximum elevation being much more important than distance to mainland or distance from nearest propagule source. Patterns of species composition were also generally consistent across the 3 groups. The 3 floras exhibit similar patterns of compositional change across the archipelago and these patterns are not driven by geographic distance among islands. Island area and maximum elevation were significant predictors of compositional change, but the 2 distance metrics were not. The seed plant flora exhibited strong turnover between the 4 northern and 4 southern islands, while the bryophyte flora exhibited southern islands floras nested within those of northern islands. We interpret these findings as suggesting that ecological filtering is more important than dispersal limitation for developing both seed-bearing and spore-bearing plants on the islands.
Oral Health and Cancer.

Recently published studies have provided new evidence for a role of oral health on risk of cancer. This review summarizes the latest research on this topic, including several new cohort studies that have examined associations on periodontal disease and cancer risk. The most consistent findings for associations with periodontal disease have been observed for lung cancer; five out of seven studies have reported statistically significant increases in risk of lung cancer. For pancreatic, colorectal, and head and neck cancers, the associations are less consistent across studies, and the overall summary relative risk estimates are not statistically significant. However, these associations remain of interest, given the limitations of existing data (i.e., measurement error in periodontal disease assessment and small sample sizes), and growing support for biological mechanisms on how bacteria previously linked to periodontal disease may play a role in carcinogenesis. Future studies need improved assessment of periodontal disease in population-based studies to determine if heterogeneity of current studies resides with measurement error. Periodontal disease treatment and prevention may turn out to be important targetable cancer prevention strategies.
Academic and non-cognitive effects of small classes

Abstract Research over the past three decades has revealed significant academic benefits of small classes in the early grades. This article provides an overview of that research but goes beyond to assemble more diverse writing about students’ and teachers’ attitudes and behavior. Seven non-cognitive outcomes of small classes are described: students’ improved behaviour, engagement in learning, and sense of belonging, and teachers’ tolerance for ‘normal’ amounts of misbehaviour, improved morale, and closer relationships with students. Finally, the article identifies three principles that explain how these outcomes are realized in small classes: instructional time is increased allowing for more intensive teaching/learning interactions; the personal and academic support available to individual students is increased; and students identify more with the class and school community. These three principles of personalization may also enhance learning in larger classes in the U.S. and elsewhere.
Effect of quinidine on the inotropic effect of digoxin in isolated cat or guinea-pig papillary muscle

The effect of quinidine pretreatment on the inotropic effect and tissue content of digoxin was studied in 18 cat and 13 guinea-pig isolated, isometrically contracting papillary muscles. Muscles were divided into pretreated and non-pretreated groups. Pretreated muscles received 10−5 M quinidine one hour before 2 × 10−6M digoxin was added. At the peak inotropic effect of digoxin, muscles in both pretreated and non-pretreated groups were assayed for digoxin content. Quinidine alone exerted a small but significant positive inotropic effect in cat papillary muscle, but did not alter guinea-pig muscle performance. Digoxin elicited a significant positive inotropic effect in all groups of muscles studied. In cat papillary muscle, however, both developed tension and the rate of tension rise (+dT/dt) were increased significantly less in the quinidine-pretreated muscles. There were no significant differences between pretreated and non-pretreated groups for the guinea-pig muscles. The non-pretreated cat papillary muscles had a muscle digoxin level of 1302 ng/gm wet weight, and this was reduced significantly to 657 ng/gm in the pretreated muscles. The non-pretreated guinea-pig muscles had a muscle digoxin level of 1599 ng/gm, and this was not significantly altered by quinidine pretreatment. These data suggest that an interaction between quinidine and digoxin exists in isolated cat papillary muscle, but this interaction is not apparent in guinea-pig muscle. Therefore, when studying the interaction between these two drugs, the choice of the animal species used may be important.
Electric Vehicle DC Charger Charging Protocol Conformance Testing System

With the development of electric vehicle industry, the charging compatibility between charging facilities and electric vehicles has become the focus of attention of charging operators, charging facilities manufacturers, electric vehicle manufacturers and users. For electric vehicle DC charging, the communication protocol between the DC charger and electric vehicle plays an important role in the interoperability of chargers and vehicles, which is the basis for realizing charging information exchange and charging control, and is the guarantee for safe charging of DC electric vehicles. This paper firstly introduces the charging time-sequence and communication protocol between DC chargers and electric vehicles, then designs the DC charger protocol conformance testing system, which can verify the communication message of dc charging communication protocol, the timeout processing of BMS message, the consistence of charging output, and the abnormal processing of vehicle charging. Currently, the system has been widely used in the field test and laboratory test for DC chargers with significant effect.
A study distribution analysis on genotyping of hepatitis C virus with Uygur in Xinjiang

Objective To provide some scientific support to hepatitis C clinical treatment result from the investigation hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in Uighur population from Xinjiang district.Methods Molecular epidemic study towards 39 samples of HCV infected individuals from Xinjiang district was performed by means of reverse-transcriptional nest PCR.Result 20 samples were found to be HCV RNA positive in all 39 hepatitis C patients.Genotype distribution and the proportion of each subgenotypes were as follows:1 type 17 cases,accounting for 85％,2 type 2 cases,accounting for only 10.0％,3 in 1 case,accounting for 5％ ; subtype analysis 14 samples of sub-genotype 1b whereas 3 samples of sub-genotype 1a and 2 samples of sub-genotype 2a.In addition,1 sample of sub-genotype 3a was also detected.Conclusion HCV genotypes prevailed in Xinjiang district were of great diversity and subtype 1b was the dominance. Key words: Hepatitis C; Genotype
Anti-inflammatory Roles of Glucocorticoids Are Mediated by Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells via a miR-342-Dependent Mechanism

Summary Glucocorticoids (GC) are the mainstay treatment option for inflammatory conditions. Despite the broad usage of GC, the mechanisms by which GC exerts its effects remain elusive. Here, utilizing murine autoimmune and allergic inflammation models, we report that Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are irreplaceable GC target cells in vivo. Dexamethasone (Dex) administered in the absence of Treg cells completely lost its ability to control inflammation, and the lack of glucocorticoid receptor in Treg cells alone resulted in the loss of therapeutic ability of Dex. Mechanistically, Dex induced miR-342-3p specifically in Treg cells and miR-342-3p directly targeted the mTORC2 component, Rictor. Altering miRNA-342-3p or Rictor expression in Treg cells dysregulated metabolic programming in Treg cells, controlling their regulatory functions in vivo. Our results uncover a previously unknown contribution of Treg cells during glucocorticoid-mediated treatment of inflammation and the underlying mechanisms operated via the Dex-miR-342-Rictor axis.
Towards a high bias voltage MEMS filter using electrostatic levitation

Abstract Traditional MEMS filters use a comb drive structure that suffers from the pull-in instability, which places a significant limitation on the achievable signal-to-noise ratio of the sensor. Because the output signal from a capacitive sensor is linearly related to the applied voltage, it is desirable to use a capacitive sensor that can withstand large voltages upwards of 100 V. However, the pull-in instability causes high voltages to destroy the device and a trade-off between performance and reliability must be made. Electrostatic levitation, which works by pulling electrodes apart instead of together, eliminates the pull-in instability and allows for very high voltages to be applied without damaging or destroying the sensor/actuator. This study theoretically and experimentally demonstrates that a filter based on electrostatic levitation eliminates the voltage limitation of the capacitive sensor, which has historically hampered the performance of the filter. A model of the filter is derived and validated with experimental data. Voltages up to 100 V are applied without damaging the filter.
Dynamic Amyloid PET: Relationships to Flortaucipir Tau PET Measures

Rationale: Measuring amyloid and predicting tau status using a single amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) study would be valuable for assessing brain AD pathophysiology. We hypothesized that early-frame amyloid PET (efAP) correlates with the presence of tau pathology because the initial regional brain concentrations of radioactivity are primarily determined by blood flow, which is expected to be decreased in the setting of tau pathology. Methods: 120 participants (63 amyloid-positive/57 amyloid-negative) with dynamic 18F-florbetapir-PET and static 18F-flortaucipir-PET scans obtained within 6 months of each other were included. These subjects were predominantly cognitively intact in both the amyloid positive (63%) and amyloid negative (93%) groups. Parameters for efAP quantification were optimized for stratification of tau PET positivity, assessed by either a tauopathy score or Braak regions. The ability of efAP to stratify tau positivity was measured using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of area under the curve (AUC). Pearson's r and Spearman's ρ were used for parametric and non-parametric comparisons between efAP and tau PET, respectively. Standardized net benefit was used to evaluate improvement in utilizing efAP as an additional co-predictor over hippocampal volumes in predicting tau PET positivity. Results: Measuring efAP within the hippocampus and summing the first 3 minutes of brain activity post-injection showed the strongest discriminative ability to stratify for tau positivity (AUC 0.67-0.89 across tau PET Braak regions) in amyloid positive individuals. Hippocampal efAP correlated significantly with a global tau-PET tauopathy score in amyloid-positive participants (r = -0.57, P < 0.0001). Compared to hippocampal volumes, hippocampal efAP showed stronger association with tau PET Braak stage (ρ = -0.58 vs. -0.37) and superior stratification of tau PET tauopathy score (AUC: 0.86 vs. 0.66, P = 0.002). Conclusion: Hippocampal efAP can provide additional information to conventional amyloid-PET, including estimation of the likelihood of tau positivity in amyloid-positive individuals.
Regulation of Messenger RNA Translation at the Elongation Step during Estradiol-Induced Vitellogenin Synthesis in Avian Liver

Translation of all internal messenger RNA (mRNA) codons is described as polypeptide chain elongation, a process that requires aminoacylated transfer RNAs (tRNAs) (excluding tRNA-Metf), GTP, and elongation factors in addition to mRNA and ribosomes. The two major steps in polypeptide chain elongation are, first, the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes at the ribosomal A site, followed by peptidyltransferase, and, second, translocation of the newly formed peptidyl-tRNA from the A position to the ribosomal P site. The structures of ribosomal particles, initiator tRNAs, and termination factors are somewhat different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; however, their basic roles in translation are quitter similar, especially in terms of polypeptide elongation. Eukaryotic systems will be emphasized in this discussion. The purpose of this chapter is to first summarize in Section 2 current information regarding polypeptide elongation by(1) citing representative examples of systems in which the parameter has been analyzed experimentally, (2) describing methodology used to measure the elongation parameter, and (3) describing in some detail the apparent nonuniform rates of polypeptide elongation in avian liver that occur after administration of 17α-estradiol. Section 3 focuses on the regulatory mechanisms thay may be involved in modulating the elongation step. Section 4 closes with comments on the role of regulation at the level of polypeptide chain elongation in overall gene regulation. A recent review addresses the more global aspects of eukaryonic protein synthesis.1
MIMO capacity of multipath-clustered channels using Fourier transform techniques

Fading correlation is one of the fundamental limits on the performance of multi-antenna (MIMO) systems. Accurate modeling of the angular probability density function (pdf) of the incoming multipath is essential for accurate prediction of the correlation and, hence, the MIMO capacity. Previous studies were limited to the case of single-cluster distribution or uniform pdf. Measurements indicate that multipath often arrives in several angular clusters and with non-uniform angular cluster pdf. We begin with the popular single cluster model and extend it to the case of multi-cluster channel. The single cluster model with various cluster pdfs is studied in both the angular domain and the angular spectrum domain (u-domain). Using Fourier transform techniques, it is shown that the spatial correlation is the inverse Fourier transform of a scaled and shifted version of the cluster pdf in the u-domain. We further prove that the spatial correlations for all the pdfs is roughly the same given the same angular spread. It is shown that the correlation in the two clusters channel has an oscillatory behavior as antenna spacing increases regardless of multipath AOA distributions; the envelope of the correlation is determined by the single cluster angular spread while the oscillations within the envelope are determined by the inter-cluster angular spread. The cluster angular pdf has negligible impact on the MIMO capacity and, hence, simpler uniform model can be used without degradation in accuracy.
A new fast-settling gearshift adaptive PLL to extend loop bandwidth enhancement in frequency synthesizers

The loop bandwidth of PLL frequency synthesizers involves design tradeoffs between the lock time and reference feedthrough. The adaptive PLL solves the problem by increasing the bandwidth in the acquiring stage for faster lock speed and reducing the bandwidth after the loop locks for lower spur level. However, the loop bandwidth in the speedup mode is constrained to approximately 1/10 of the reference frequency for stability considerations. In this paper, the theoretical bandwidth limitation is explored with a simple nonlinear sampling delay model. A new adaptation scheme is proposed that extends the loop bandwidth enhancement by adaptively controlling the reference frequency in a gear-shifting approach. In the speedup mode, the loop bandwidth is enhanced by up to 64 times due to the increased reference frequency, resulting in a fast settling time of 229 /spl mu/s to within 20 kHz for a 80 MHz frequency step in a 200 kHz channel spacing synthesizer.
Wet Mount Appearance of Candida dubliniensis: A Resistant Fungus That Colonizes Vagina

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the wet mount appearance of Candida dubliniensis, a resistant fungus that colonizes the vagina. Design: Observational. Materials and Methods: Wet mount microscopic preparations, to visually demonstrate the different appearance between Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis. Results: Chlamydospores with long pseudohyphae are typical of C. albicans. Chlamydospores in pairs, chains, clusters, and short pseudohyphae are typical of C. dubliniensis. Fungal cultures were confirmatory. Conclusions: C. dubliniensis is phenotypically and symptomatically similar to C. albicans and has been commonly misclassified as C. albicans. This fungus rapidly develops a resistance to fluconazole. Therefore, a high degree of suspicion and precise identification are essential to recommend an effective treatment. (J GYNECOL SURG 31:212)
Evaluating Child Health Plus in upstate New York: how much does providing health insurance to uninsured children increase health care costs?

Background. In response to the increase in the number of American children without health insurance, new federal and state programs have been established to expand health insurance coverage for children. However, the presence of insurance reduces the price of care for families participating in these programs and stimulates the use of medical services, which leads to an increase in health care costs. In this article, we identified the additional expenditures associated with the provision of health insurance to previously uninsured children. Methods. We estimated the expenditures on additional services using data from a study of children living in the Rochester, New York, area who were enrolled in the New York State Child Health Plus (CHPlus) program. CHPlus was designed specifically for low-income children without health insurance who were not eligible for Medicaid. The study sample consisted of 1910 children under the age of 6 who were initially enrolled in CHPlus between November 1, 1991 and August 1, 1993 and who had been enrolled for at least 9 continuous months. We used medical chart reviews to determine the level of primary care utilization, parent interviews for demographic information, as well as specialty care utilization, and we used claims data submitted to CHPlus for the year after enrollment to calculate health care expenditures. Using this information, we estimated a multivariate regression model to compute the average change in expenditures associated with a unit of utilization for a cross-section of service types while controlling for other factors that independently influenced total outpatient expenditures. Results. Expenditures for outpatient services were closely related to primary care utilization—more utilization tended to increase expenditures. Age and the presence of a chronic condition both affected expenditures. Children with chronic conditions and infants tended to have more visits, but these visits were, on average, less expensive. Applying the average change in expenditures to the change in utilization that resulted from the presence of insurance, we estimated that the total increase in expenditures associated with CHPlus was $71.85 per child in the year after enrollment, or a 23% increase in expenditures. The cost increase was almost entirely associated with the provision of primary care. Almost three-quarters of the increase in outpatient expenditures was associated with increased acute and well-child care visits. Conclusions. CHPlus was associated with a modest increase in expenditures, mostly from additional outpatient utilization. Because the additional primary care provided to young children often has substantial long-term benefits, the relatively modest expenditure increases associated with the provision of insurance may be viewed as an investment in the future.