cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
H2O2 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induce Differential Binding of the Redox-responsive Transcription Factors AP-1 and NF-κB to the Interleukin-8 Promoter in Endothelial and Epithelial Cells *

We previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and H2O2differentially regulate interleukin-8 (IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) gene expression in endothelial and epithelial cells. H2O2 induced IL-8 expression in the A549 and BEAS-2B epithelial cell lines, but not in the human microvessel endothelial cell line, HMEC-1 or human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In contrast, H2O2 induced ICAM-1 only in endothelial cells. Unlike H2O2, the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα induced IL-8 and ICAM-1 in both cell types. In this study, we examine the role of the redox-responsive transcription factors AP-1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the differential expression of IL-8. DNA binding studies using nuclear protein extracts from HMEC-1 and A549 cells stimulated with H2O2 or TNFα demonstrated differential activation and promoter binding of AP-1 and NF-κB. H2O2 activated AP-1 but not NF-κB in A549, whereas TNFα activated AP-1 as well as NF-κB. In HMEC-1, TNFα activated NF-κB but not AP-1, while H2O2 did not activate either transcription factor. The differential activation of the factors was also reflected in their differential binding to the IL-8 promoter. Moreover, the H2O2 concentration dependent increase in epithelial IL-8 mRNA expression directly corresponded to the H2O2 concentration dependent binding of AP-1 to the IL-8 promoter. Supershift analysis revealed H2O2 as well as TNFα induced AP-1 complexes containing c-Fos and JunD. TNFα induced NF-κB complexes containing Rel A (p65). Immunohistochemical staining of HMEC-1 and A549 cells revealed TNFα stimulated nuclear localization of Rel A, whereas no translocation of Rel A was detected in either cell type stimulated by H2O2. These data indicate that the cell type-specific induction of IL-8 gene expression by H2O2 and TNFα in HMEC-1 and A549 cells can be explained by the differential binding of AP-1 and NF-κB to the IL-8 promoter.
Coming to Terms with Navajo Nádleehí: A Critique of Berdache, "Gay," "Alternate Gender," and "Two-spirit"

In this article I assess what premises underlie the categories berdache, "alternate gender," "gay," and "two-spirit"; and whether these premises are relevant to the ways in which many Navajos construct the "alternate gender" of those known as nadleehi. Proponents of these categories often extricate traits from their contexts and perceive male and female as mutually opposed, absolute values. Many Navajos, however, describe traits as inseparable from the universe and view male and female as situational values. [Native American, Navajo, gender, sexuality, worldview]
Design of SMB for a nonlinear amino acid system with mass-transfer effects

A standing wave design (SWD) method and an experimental shortcut design method are developed in this study for SMB systems with nonlinear isotherms and mass-transfer effects (nonideal systems). In the SWD, the mass-transfer correction terms derived in a previous study for linear, nonideal systems are incorporated into the design equations for nonlinear, nonideal systems. The SWD requires accurate isotherm and mass-transfer parameters to ensure high product purity and high yield. If these parameters are unknown, the experimental shortcut design can be applied. Frontal experiments with a binary mixture at a fixed feed concentration and three or more different flow rates are needed to formulate a series of empirical correlations for the SMB design. The two methods were tested for the binary separation of phenylalanine and tryptophan. Both rated model simulations and experimental data showed that high product purity (99.1%–100%) and high yield (96.3%–100%) were achieved in both methods. The experimental shortcut design method is simpler than the SWD, but is limited to a fixed feed concentration. A dimensionless number is derived to quantify the deviation of an actual nonideal system from a system without mass-transfer effects (ideal system). If the dimensionless number has a value greater than 0.005 for the binary amino acid separation, the system deviates from its corresponding ideal system and the design considering mass-transfer effects gives significantly higher purity and yield than the ideal design.
Target cell specific antibody-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy

In photodynamic therapy (PDT), localized monochromatic light is used to activate targeted photosensitizers (PS) to induce cellular damage through the generation of cytotoxic species such as singlet oxygen. While first-generation PS passively targeted malignancies, a variety of targeting mechanisms have since been studied, including specifically activatable agents. Antibody internalization has previously been employed as a fluorescence activation system and could potentially enable similar activation of PS. TAMRA, Rhodamine-B and Rhodamine-6G were conjugated to trastuzumab (brand name Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody with specificity for the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), to create quenched PS (Tra-TAM, Tra-RhoB, and Tra-Rho6G). Specific PDT with Tra-TAM and Tra-Rho6G, which formed covalently bound H-dimers, was demonstrated in HER2+ cells: Minimal cell death (<6%) was observed in all treatments of the HER2- cell line (BALB/3T3) and in treatments the HER2+ cell line (3T3/HER2) with light or trastuzumab only. There was significant light-induced cell death in HER2 expressing cells using Tra-TAM (3% dead without light, 20% at 50 J/cm 2 , 46% at 100 J/cm 2 ) and Tra-Rho6G (5% dead without light, 22% at 50 J/cm 2 , 46% at 100 J/cm 2 ). No efficacy was observed in treatment with Tra-RhoB, which was also non-specifically taken up by BALB/3T3 cells and which had weaker PS-antibody interactions (as demonstrated by visualization of protein and fluorescence on SDS-PAGE).
Self-respect and the Respect of Others

Abstract: This paper examines the claim that agents' self-respect depends on receiving appropriate respect from others. It concentrates on a particular version of the claim defended by Avishai Margalit. The paper argues that Margalit's arguments fail to explain why the rival stoic view, that agents ultimately retain responsibility for their own self-respect, is incorrect.
Strontium Deuteride and Hydride Spectra

The analyses of the $B$ and $C$ band systems of SrD and of a portion of the $D$ system of SrH are presented. $B_{e}^{*}=1.9427$ for SrD and 3.8788 for SrH for the normal $^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state. The ratio of these, 0.50635, shows about the expected departure from equality with the ratio ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}=0.50603$ of the reduced masses. The spin doubling of this SrD state is regular, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}=+0.0613$ being almost exactly in the ratio ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{2}$ with the value for SrH. The spin doubling of the $B^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state of SrD departs markedly from the usual linear variation with $K+\frac{1}{2}$. Multiple perturbations occur in the (0,0) $C$ band of SrD, and there is a sharp cut-off of the branches at ${K}^{\ensuremath{'}}=29$. For this $C^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ state ${B}_{0}\ensuremath{\cong}1.95$, but exact analysis is hindered by the lack of any unperturbed lines. Two bands (${v}^{\ensuremath{'}},2$) and (${v}^{\ensuremath{'}},3$), with a common upper state, of the $D^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}N^{2}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ "many-lined" SrH system have been analyzed. In this $D$ state, for which ${B}_{v}=1.913$, large irregular perturbations occur. Electronic configurations are discussed.
Maximizing CD8+ T cell responses elicited by peptide vaccines containing CpG oligodeoxynucleotides.

We assessed the ability of several factors to increase the size of tumor-antigen-specific CD8 + T cell responses elicited by vaccines incorporating peptides and CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG). Neither granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) nor an immunogenic MHC class II-presented "helper" peptide increased the size of epitope-specific CD8+ Tcell responses elicited by peptide + CpG-containing vaccines. In contrast, low-dose subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 dramatically increased the size of splenic and peripheral blood epitope-specific CD8 + Tcell responses generated by peptide+CpG-containing vaccines. Moreover, peptide + CpG-containing vaccines plus low-dose IL-2 mediated anti-tumor immunity. A prime-boost vaccination schedule elicited larger CD8 + Tcell responses than a weekly vaccination schedule. Including larger doses of peptide in vaccines led to larger vaccine-elicited CD8 + Tcell responses. Clinical trials of CpG-containing peptide vaccines are ongoing. These findings suggest strategies to increase the size of CD8 + T cell responses generated by CpG-containing peptide vaccines that could be tested in future clinical trials. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Enhanced chemiluminescent detection scheme for trace vapor sensing in pneumatically-tuned hollow core photonic bandgap fibers.

We demonstrate an in-fiber gas phase chemical detection architecture in which a chemiluminescent (CL) reaction is spatially and spectrally matched to the core modes of hollow photonic bandgap (PBG) fibers in order to enhance detection efficiency. A peroxide-sensitive CL material is annularly shaped and centered within the fiber’s hollow core, thereby increasing the overlap between the emission intensity and the intensity distribution of the low-loss fiber modes. This configuration improves the sensitivity by 0.9 dB/cm compared to coating the material directly on the inner fiber surface, where coupling to both higher loss core modes and cladding modes is enhanced. By integrating the former configuration with a custom-built optofluidic system designed for concomitant controlled vapor delivery and emission measurement, we achieve a limit-of-detection of 100 parts per billion (ppb) for hydrogen peroxide vapor. The PBG fibers are produced by a new fabrication method whereby external gas pressure is used as a control knob to actively tune the transmission bandgaps through the entire visible range during the thermal drawing process.
Critiquing the critique: El Anatsui and the politics of inclusion

El Anatsui has recently achieved international fame for his large bottle-top tapestries. Much of the enthusiastic approval of this work in the popular press, however, overlooks the critical role of his earlier experiments in ceramic and wood. This selective reception of Anatsui as a ‘global’ artist, the paper argues, has a hegemonic agenda. It is grounded in the politics of inclusion, which uses multiculturalism as an excuse to uncritically include Anatsui in the genealogy of modern Western art. By equating the notion of ‘global’ with the older rhetoric of ‘universal’, the critics ignore the unevenness of global exchanges; and by treating ‘local’ as largely irrelevant, they trivialize the question of difference, which is crucial to gaining insight into the complexities of temporality and spatiality in the discourse of contemporary art.
Effect of reserpine pretreatment on the response of isolated papillary muscle to ephedrine.

Reserpine pretreatment of cats abolished the action of ephedrine to induce spontaneous beating in papillary muscles obtained from these animals. This spontaneous beating was viewed as resulting solely from catechol amine release. The positive inotropic action of ephedrine was diminished but not abolished by reserpine pretreatment. Reserpine reduced the heart rate in vivo, but it did not affect the peak contraction height or the rate of failure of the isolated papillary muscle. The contractile response to adrenaline (0.1 μg/ml.) was not affected by reserpine pretreatment. However, in this concentration adrenaline induced spontaneous beating only after reserpine.
The Relationship Between Stimulability and Phonological Acquisition in Children With Normally Developing and Disordered Phonologies

The relationship between stimulability and phonological acquisition was investigated in eight children, four with phonological disorders who were aged 3;10 (years;months) to 5;7 and four with norma...
The Reshetikhin-Turaev representation of the mapping class group.

The Reshetikhin-Turaev representation of the mapping class group of an orientable surface is computed explicitly in the case r = 4. It is then shown that the restriction of this representation to the Torelli group is equal to the sum of the Birman-Craggs homomorphisms. The proof makes use of an explicit correspondence between the basis vectors of the representation space, and the Z/2Z-quadratic forms on the first homology of the surface. This result corresponds to the fact, shown by Kirby and Melvin, that the three-manifold invariant when r = 4 is related to spin structures on the associated four-manifold.
Action research for preservice teachers: A description of why and how

(1987). Action research for preservice teachers: A description of why and how. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 64, The Potential and Practice of Action Research Part II, pp. 131-150.
Group Coordination when the Reference Velocity is Available Only to the Leader: An Adaptive Design

We study a coordination problem where the objective is to steer a group of agents to a prescribed formation that translates with a prescribed reference velocity. Unlike existing designs which assume that the the reference velocity information is available to each agent, we consider the situation where this information is available only to a leader. We then develop an adaptive design with which the other agents reconstruct the reference velocity and recover the desired formation. This design relies only on relative distance information with respect to neighboring agents and, thus, be implemented in a decentralized fashion.
a Class of Models with Large Neutrino Magnetic Moment

We show how a list of symmetry principles can be used to generate a class of models in which the neutrino masses are suppressed while relatively large magnetic moments are allowed. The simplest example is a model for neutrino mass proposed by Zee some time ago. We show how the model can be improved based on the symmetry principle and we also demonstrate other models in this class which avoid some of the weakness in the simplest model.
Black Children's Perceptions of Favorite TV Characters as Models of Antisocial Behavior.

(1975). Black children's perceptions of favorite TV characters: As models of antisocial behavior. Journal of Broadcasting: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 153-167.
The Rapid Colonization and Emerging Biology of Cordylophora caspia (Pallas, 1771) (Cnidaria: Clavidae) in the Connecticut River

ABSTRACT Five freshwater populations of the otherwise estuarine colonial hydrozoan Cordylophora caspia were observed in the Connecticut River, New England. Histological comparison of the body wall of the freshwater and estuarine populations revealed no differences in cell shape or size in the epidermis and gastrodermis, either of the undifferentiated body wall or in regions of tentacles. One freshwater population examined in 2000 had polyps that were shorter and wider than estuarine animals and contained much fewer and smaller sporosacs. All freshwater populations examined in 2001 had feeding polyp shape and size and sporosac size and number comparable to the estuarine population. We conclude that C. caspia has undergone physiological and ecological adjustments for existence in very soft water with low alkalinity. The species has in only a few years become abundant in certain areas of the Connecticut River and has acquired all the facies exhibited during experimentally determined optimal growth conditions...
IN VITRO ACTIONS OF GROWTH HORMONE ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN ADIPOSE TISSUE.

Epididymal adipose tissue obtained from hypophysectomized rats responds to the addition of growth hormone in vitro with increased glucose uptake, oxidation to CO2 and conversion to fatty acids. As little as 0.01 μg/ml of bovine growth hormone was found effective in this regard. In all, 10 growth hormone preparations from 5 species of animals were tested and all were found to be active. Growth hormone also produced these effects when adipose tissues from normal rats fed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet were tested, but was ineffective on adipose tissue from normal rats fed the standard laboratory ration. The increase in glucose utilization was accompanied by a proportionate increase in appearance of both carbon 1 and carbon 6 in CO2. Corticotropin and thyrotropin, while stimulating glucose uptake and oxidation to CO2, failed to increase the incorporation of glucose carbons into fatty acids. Of the other pituitary hormones tested only oxytocin and certain prolactin preparations caused changes in glucose m...
The Moral Underpinnings of Popper's Philosophy

Popper's writings in both philosophy of science and political philosophy are sprinkled with exhortations: "Severely test your hypotheses!" or "Change society through piecemeal engineering!" But his famous books do not present a systematic moral philosophy. However, in the collections of talks and occasional papers published posthumously Popper speaks more openly about the ethical foundations of his philosophy. Perhaps, it is not surprising to find that he says: "The idea of truth as the fundamental regulative principle ... can be regarded as an ethical principle." But he also elaborates on less obvious moral virtues such as modesty and optimism. This paper comments on the relevance of Popper's moral philosophy for our contemporary attempts to provide a normative sociology of science.
Ultra-wideband SSN suppression in PWR/GND plane pairs by means of a novel EBG layer with triangle patches

The present paper describes Simultaneous Switching Noise (SSN) suppression by means of a novel electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure. The proposed method is shown to be an alternative to the use of decoupling capacitors which usually requires many vias and the mitigation level noise is not sufficient for frequencies above the MHz range as well as standard Power/Ground (PWR/GND) plane segmentation. It is demonstrated how noise mitigation can be achieved over a wide-band frequency range (including low frequency) using a two dimensional (2D) EBG structure. The novelty of the proposed design is represented by the total absence of shorting vias. SSN suppression is analyzed by means of numerical simulations based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). The impact of the design on the signal integrity for signal referring to PWR plane is also investigated both in time domain (eyediagrams) and frequency domain (S-parameters).
Mediating Kinship: Country, Family, and Radio in Northern Australia

In Aboriginal Northern Australia, request programs are a ubiquitous, marked format for Indigenous radio broadcasting. Emerging from the activist drive of Indigenous media producers, and often instrumentally geared toward connecting prison inmates with their families and communities, such request programs invariably involve performative “shout-outs” to close and extended kin. These programs bring together a lengthy history of Aboriginal incarceration and the geographic dispersal of kin networks with country and rock musics, the charged meaning of family in contemporary Indigenous Australia, and the emergent expressive idioms of radio requests. The essay discusses the performative, mediated interweaving of speech and country song in such request programs, analyzing their significance as recursive forms of an emergent, Indigenous public culture.
Electron avalanches in argon gas

Measurement of electron avalanches using the pulsed Townsend technique is reported. Problems posed by the poor dielectric breakdown strength of the argon gas are discussed. Preliminary results and several critical requirements for such measurements are presented.
Apical Pseudoaneurysm Following Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Placement

The HeartMate II continuous flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) (Thoratec Inc) provides circulatory support for patients with medically refractory systolic heart failure as both a bridge to transplantation and destination therapy. Although left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm has rarely been reported with first-generation pulsatile flow LVADs, this has not been previously reported with the HeartMate II device.1–3 A 25-year-old woman with advanced heart failure secondary to nonischemic cardiomyopathy underwent LVAD implantation with the HeartMate II device as a planned bridge to transplantation. In the early postoperative period, she experienced left-sided chest pain exacerbated with movement and reproduced with palpation. She also experienced …
Synthesis of two-dimensional binary images through band-limited systems: a slicing method

A method is presented for solving the problem of synthesis of a two-dimensional (2-D) band limited function with prescribed level crossing. This method relies on decomposing a 2-D band limited function into the sum of products of one-dimensional (1-D) band limited functions along two orthogonal directions. The 1-D functions in one direction represent slices of the desired 2-D function and have zero crossings at the desired locations. They are produced by inserting and deleting zeros in a known band limited function (a sinc function). The orthogonal 1-D functions are used as interslice interpolation functions. The generated 2-D function is band-limited and has correct zeros at the slices. Its zeros between slices may not be correct, but the interslice distance can be made arbitrarily small. Nonuniform slicing can be used to improve the resolution of the approximations. Interpolation functions for the nonuniform slices are generated by the same method used to produce the slices. >
Determinants of 15-year outcome with 1,119 standard Carpentier-Edwards porcine valves.

Abstract Background . The determinants of long-term outcome 15 years or more after porcine valve replacement are poorly documented. Methods . A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing valve replacement with standard Carpentier-Edwards aortic (n = 531), mitral (n = 492), and tricuspid (n = 96) valves. Results . Patient survival was 26% ± 3%, 23% ± 2%, and 31% ± 8% 15 years after aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve replacements, respectively. Independent determinants of impaired long-term survival for aortic or mitral valve replacement were multiple valve replacement, older age, renal disease, lung disease, or coronary disease. Actual (versus actuarial) freedom from reoperation at 15 years was 86% ± 2%, 76% ± 2%, and 95% ± 2% after aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve replacement, respectively. Risk factors for reoperation were young age for aortic or mitral valve replacement, previous operation for aortic valve replacement, and large valve size for mitral valve replacement. Freedom from thromboembolism was 77% ± 4%, 62% ± 9%, and 80% ± 5%; from hemorrhage, 95% ± 5%, 87% ± 4%, and 82% ± 6%; and from endocarditis, 94% ± 1%, 96% ± 1%, and 89% ± 5% 15 years after aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve replacement, respectively. Risk factors for thromboembolism or hemorrhage were multiple valve replacement and age. Conclusions . The standard Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis continues to provide relatively low complication rates at 15 years, especially in the aortic and tricuspid positions, and especially in patients older than 60 years or with significant comorbdity.
Discrete scatter model for microwave radar and radiometer response to corn: comparison of theory and data

As part of the Multisensor Aircraft Campaign, MACHYDRO, two microwave sensors, NASA's Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) and Pushbroom Microwave Radiometer (PBMR) collected data over the same corn fields during the summer of 1990. During these flights, measurements were made on the ground of soil moisture and plant parameters. In this paper the measured canopy and soil parameters are used in a discrete scatter model to predict the response of both sensors (radar and radiometer). A distorted Born approximation is used to compute the scattering coefficient for the corn canopy. The backscatter coefficient gives the radar response and the radiometer response is obtained by integrating the bistatic coefficient over all scattering angles above ground. The objective of this analysis is to test the model and, in particular, to determine how well a single set of plant parameters and single model can yield agreement with both the radar and radiometer measurements. The model values are in reasonably good agreement with the measurements at horizontal polarization and reflect observed changes in soil moisture. >
Contracture related airway obstruction (CRAO) treated successfully with incisional release

Abstract Objective : To describe the delayed airway obstruction that can result from anterior cervical burns and report a case of successful decannulation following incisional release and full-thickness skin grafting (FTSG). Methods : Case report from a tertiary care academic children's hospital. Results : Direct laryngoscopy demonstrates a significant improvement in the upper airway immediately following an anterior cervical incisional release. The patient was then able to be decannulated on postoperative day 10. Conclusions : Cervical contracture is an important consideration in children with airway obstruction following burns to the upper chest, anterior neck and face, and may be treated successfully with incisional release and FTSG.
Cik1 targets the minus-end kinesin depolymerase Kar3 to microtubule plus ends

Kar3, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kinesin-14, is essential for karyogamy and meiosis I but also has specific functions during vegetative growth. For its various roles, Kar3 forms a heterodimer with either Cik1 or Vik1, both of which are noncatalytic polypeptides. Here, we present the first biochemical characterization of Kar3Cik1, the kinesin motor that is essential for karyogamy. Kar3Cik1 depolymerizes microtubules from the plus end and promotes robust minus-end-directed microtubule gliding. Immunolocalization studies show that Kar3Cik1 binds preferentially to one end of the microtubule, whereas the Kar3 motor domain, in the absence of Cik1, exhibits significantly higher microtubule lattice binding. Kar3Cik1-promoted microtubule depolymerization requires ATP turnover, and the kinetics fit a single exponential function. The disassembly mechanism is not microtubule catastrophe like that induced by the MCAK Kinesin-13s. Soluble tubulin does not activate the ATPase activity of Kar3Cik1, and there is no evidence of Kar3Cik1(.)tubulin complex formation as observed for MCAK. These results reveal a novel mechanism to regulate microtubule depolymerization. We propose that Cik1 targets Kar3 to the microtubule plus end. Kar3Cik1 then uses its minus-end-directed force to depolymerize microtubules from the plus end, with each tubulin-subunit release event tightly coupled to one ATP turnover.
Genetic regulation of commitment to interleukin 4 production by a CD4(+) T cell-intrinsic mechanism.

The dysregulated expression of interleukin 4 (IL-4) can have deleterious effects on the outcome of infectious and allergic diseases. Despite this, the mechanisms by which naive T cells commit to IL-4 expression during differentiation into mature effector cells remain incompletely defined. As compared to cells from most strains of mice, activated CD4+ T cells from BALB mice show a bias towards IL-4 production and T helper 2 commitment in vitro and in vivo. Here, we show that this bias arises not from an increase in the amount of IL-4 produced per cell, but rather from an increase in the proportion of CD4+ T cells that commit to IL-4 expression. This strain-specific difference in commitment was independent of signals mediated via the IL-4 receptor and hence occurred upstream of potential autoregulatory effects of IL-4. Segregation analysis of the phenotype in an experimental backcross cohort implicated a polymorphic locus on chromosome 16. Consistent with a role in differentiation, expression of the phenotype was CD4+ T cell intrinsic and was evident as early as 16 h after the activation of naive T cells. Probabilistic gene activation is proposed as a T cell–intrinsic mechanism capable of modulating the proportion of naive T cells that commit to IL-4 production.
Machine learning classifiers and fMRI: a tutorial overview

Interpreting brain image experiments requires analysis of complex, multivariate data. In recent years, one analysis approach that has grown in popularity is the use of machine learning algorithms to train classifiers to decode stimuli, mental states, behaviours and other variables of interest from fMRI data and thereby show the data contain information about them. In this tutorial overview we review some of the key choices faced in using this approach as well as how to derive statistically significant results, illustrating each point from a case study. Furthermore, we show how, in addition to answering the question of 'is there information about a variable of interest' (pattern discrimination), classifiers can be used to tackle other classes of question, namely 'where is the information' (pattern localization) and 'how is that information encoded' (pattern characterization).
Cellular immune aspects of the human fetal-maternal relationship. I. In vitro response of cord blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin.

Abstract Human cord blood lymphocytes and normal adult peripheral blood lymphocytes were stimulated with various doses of phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and the response was measured by incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA. At low PHA doses cord lymphocytes had a significantly higher response than adult cells, while at intermediate and high PHA doses the mean reactivity of both cell populations was comparable. The mean peak response of cord lymphocytes occurred at a lower PHA dose than that of the adult lymphocytes. In addition, cord blood lymphocytes cultured without PHA incorporated approximately 6- to 10-fold more isotope than adult cells. The data are consistent with the postulate that human fetal lymphocytes at term are regularly undergoing low level stimulation. However, the nature and source of the stimulus is obscure.
Mass Center Estimation in Spinning Drag-Free Satellites

In spinning drag-free satellites, mass center offsets on the order of millimeters will cause propellant consumption due to mass center motion to be the dominant factor in satellite lifetimes. Precise control of the mass center location in the design and fabrication of the satellite to make its effect negligible is difficult and expensive to achieve; however, by continually estimating the mass center location and controlling the satellite to spin about this point, propellant wastage attributable to the mass center location is eliminated. The design and laboratory construction of an analog mass center estimator is the subject of this paper. Analytical predictions of estimator accuracy were verified in the laboratory and it is concluded that the accuracy of this mechanization is approximately 25 p,m (0.001 in.).
Tumor Angiogenesis Correlates with Lymph Node Metastases in Invasive Bladder Cancer

AbstractNeovascularization of tumor tissue (tumor angiogenesis) is considered essential for tumor growth, proliferation and eventually metastasis. Microvessel density or count, a measure of tumor angiogenesis, correlates with clinical outcome in skin, breast, lung and prostate carcinomas. To determine whether an association of tumor angiogenesis and nodal metastasis exists in invasive bladder cancer, microvessel counts in 41 primary invasive stages (T2 to 4,NX,M0) bladder cancers were assessed. Microvessels were identified by immunostaining of endothelial cells for factor VIII-related antigen. Microvessels were scored in selected areas showing active neovascularization, either counting a 200X field (0.74 mm.2) or by using a 10 X 10 square ocular grid (0.16 mm.2). The microvessel count correlated with the presence of occult lymph node metastases (p less than 0.0001) by both techniques. The mean microvessel count in 27 patients without lymph node metastases was 56.2 microvessels per 200X field (standard dev...
Patient-centered medical home

While the most commonly used term is “patientcentered medical home,” others such as “primary care medical home,” “personal medical home,” “advanced medical home,” and “healthcare home” also exist. Despite variances among these concepts, all share similar core values and principles. Except for direct quotes that refer to a specific medical home, the term “medical home” will be used for this chapter in an effort to be more inclusive. The fact that each state has its own definition for the medical home illustrates that no universal definition exists. The medical home is difficult to define because it is not a place or an object. It is a concept that is intended and designed to encourage primary care physicians to achieve excellence by focusing all aspects of healthcare delivery on the patient. It does so by including specific elements – patient-centered, comprehensive teambased, and coordinated care that is accessible and is committed to quality and safety. Perhaps the closest thing to a definition from the family physician perspective is offered by the policy statement from the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP):
Numerical Simulations of Viscous Flow in 3D Supersonic Bell Micronozzles

In this study we numerically examine thrust production and efficiency of 3D supersonic micronozzles with bell-shaped expanders. Three different expander configurations are simulated (100% ‘full-bell’, 80% and a 60%) for varying nozzle depths (25μm− 400μm) and Reynolds numbers (15− 800) with decomposed hydrogen peroxide as the working gas. Owing to the inherently low Reynolds numbers on the microscale, substantial viscous subsonic ‘boundary’ layers are able to develop along the walls of the nozzle expander. These layers retard the bulk flow field and reduce nozzle performance. It was found that the subsonic layers on the expander walls can grow sufficiently large so as to merge together and revert the entire cross section of the expander flow field to subsonic conditions markedly reducing thrust performance. Thrust production and specific impulse efficiency is computed for the various flow scenarios and nozzle geometries to delineate the impact of viscous forces on nozzle performance. Results are also compared to inviscid theory and previous 3D linear nozzle simulations. It is found that the flow alignment of the bell nozzle comes at the expense of an increased expander length and with that an increase in the corresponding viscous losses via subsonic layer. As such, the 30 ◦ linear nozzle produces more thrust and has a higher efficiency than the bell nozzle at a given Reynolds number.
Relationship between Site Symmetry, Spin State, and Doping Concentration for Co(II) or Co(III) in β-NaYF4

Magnetic dopants provide versatile tunability of properties for transparent host matrix materials, semiconductors, and nanostructured materials. The relationship between doping concentration, site symmetry, crystal-field splitting, and spin state for Co(II) and Co(III) doped in hexagonal-phase NaYF4 crystals and nanocrystals was investigated in a spin-polarized density functional theory approach. With decreasing dopant concentrations, the geometry of the Co(II) fluoride nearest-neighbor coordination changes from approximately square pyramidal to square planar to cubic before converging to pentagonal bipyramidal coordination. A transition from low-spin to high-spin was observed, accompanying the geometry transformation from square planar to cubic, which is consistent with expectations from basic crystal-field theory. Magnetic ordering of adjacent ions was found to have little influence on this spin-transition process. For Co(III), decreasing concentration resulted in a geometry transformation from approxim...
The rate of tumor growth in underfed hosts

Workers with transmissible neoplasms have had frequent occasion to observe that sick or emaciated animals are relatively resistant as hosts for implanted tumor. It does not develop in them with the same readiness as in healthy individuals. A kindred phenomenon has been noted by Moreschi1 in studying the relation of nutrition to tumor growth. He found that in mice losing weight on a low diet an engrafted sarcoma survived with less frequency and grew more slowly than in the well-fed controls. Indeed these controls died of their tumor sooner than did the fasting animals.This being so might it not be possible to delay by food-restriction the course of inoperable tumors? And might not the development of metastasis after excision of a primary growth be hindered by the same means? In an attempt to answer these questions the author has performed a series of experiments with the Flexner-Jobling adeno-carcinoma of the rat. This neoplasm in its invasive spread and tendency to metastasize has a striking likeness to s...
A Study on Effect of Fault Occurred in Remote End of Regional Power Grid on Transient Stability of Interconnected Power System

In allusion to the instability of interconnected power system caused by the fault occurred in the remote end of regional power grid, which is discovered in the related simulation, taking a 4-machine 2- region interconnected power system as research object the transient stability characteristics of interconnected large-area interconnected power system is researched. It is pointed out that both network topology and operation modes can impact on the manifestation of system transient instability. Under certain conditions, a weak impact caused my a minor fault may lead to transient instability of interconnected power system, however a stronger impact caused by a larger fault will not lead to the transient instability. Result of this research is helpful to master transient instability characteristics of large-area interconnected power system as well as its possible instability forms, and the understanding on operating characteristics of large-area interconnected power system can be deepened to ensure secure and stable operation of interconnected power systems.
Stop pulling my strings — what telomeres taught us about the DNA damage response

Mammalian cells have evolved specialized mechanisms to sense and repair double-strand breaks (DSBs) to maintain genomic stability. However, in certain cases, the activity of these pathways can lead to aberrant DNA repair, genomic instability and tumorigenesis. One such case is DNA repair at the natural ends of linear chromosomes, known as telomeres, which can lead to chromosome-end fusions. Here, we review data obtained over the past decade and discuss the mechanisms that protect mammalian chromosome ends from the DNA damage response. We also discuss how telomere research has helped to uncover key steps in DSB repair. Last, we summarize how dysfunctional telomeres and the ensuing genomic instability drive the progression of cancer.
Effect of perineoplasm perinephric adipose tissues on migration of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells: a potential role of WNT signaling

// Xiaolin Zi 1 , Achim Lusch 1 , Christopher A. Blair 1 , Zhamshid Okhunov 1 , Noriko N. Yokoyama 1 , Shuman Liu 1 , Molly Baker 1 , Victor Huynh 1 , Jaime Landman 1 1 Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange CA 92868, USA Correspondence to: Jaime Landman, email: Landmanj@uci.edu Xiaolin Zi, email: xzi@uci.edu Keywords: migration, proliferation, fat, renal cell carcinoma, WNT Received: May 02, 2016 Accepted: June 18, 2016 Published: July 07, 2016 ABSTRACT To investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and perinephric adipose tissue (PAT), perineoplasm PAT, PAT away from the neoplasm, renal sinus and subcutaneous adipose tissues were collected at the time of renal surgery for renal masses and conditioned medium (CM) was generated from 62 patients. Perineoplasm PAT CMs from 44 out of 62 (about 71%) of patients with ccRCC or benign renal diseases (e.g. oncocytomas, angiomyolipomas, multicystic kidney, interstitial fibrosis, etc.) enhanced the migration of CaKi-2 cells. Perineoplasm PAT CMs from ccRCC significantly increased migration of ACHN and CaKi-2 cells by ~8.2 and ~2.4 folds, respectively, relative to those from benign renal diseases, whereas there is no significant difference in migration between ccRCC and benign renal diseases in CMs collected from culturing PAT away from neoplasm, renal sinus and subcutaneous adipose tissues. High Fuhrman Grade was associated with increased migration of Caki-2 cells by perineoplasm PAT CMs. Perineoplasm PATs from pT3 RCCs overexpressed multiple WNTs and their CMs exhibited higher WNT/s-catenin activity and increased the migration of Caki-2 cells compared to CMs from benign neoplasms. Addition of secreted WNT inhibitory factor-1 recombinant protein into perineoplasm PAT CMs completely blocked the cell migration. These results indicate that WNT related factors from perineoplasm PAT may promote progression of local ccRCC to locally advanced (pT3) disease by increasing ccRCC cell mobility.
In-vivo quantification of optical contrast agents using a combined frequency-domain and steady state technique

We measure the in-vivo time-dilution curves of contrast agents in a rat tumor model using broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and Gadolinium enhanced MRI. Results indicate differences in kinetics that may be useful for tracking changes in vasculature as a function of tumor status.
The King Report: New directions in library and information science education

Examen des conclusions de ce rapport controverse sur les orientations a donner a l'enseignement en bibliotheconomie et science de l'information
Effect of growth stage based irrigation on soil water extraction and water use efficiency of spring safflower cultivars

Abstract The Ogallala Aquifer is depleting at faster rates, and jeopardizing the future sustainability of agriculture in the Southern High Plains. We hypothesize that adoption of drought tolerant crops such as safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) will sustain crop production in the region. However, information on water use of safflower is limited. A field study was conducted during 2013 and 2014 to monitor the soil water extraction patterns, water use efficiency (WUE) and oil productivity of spring safflower under deficit irrigation. Three safflower cultivars (PI8311, 99OL and Nutrisaff) having different growth habits and yield potentials were grown under four irrigation treatments [fully irrigated (FI), stress at vegetative stage (VS), stress at reproductive stage (RS) and dryland (DL)]. The soil water extraction was observed in all irrigation treatments or cultivars down to the depth of 1.6 m in both years; however, there was difference in water extraction at each depth. Safflower exposed to water stress extracted more soil water from the deeper depths. The maximum water was extracted from 1.0 to 1.6 m soil layer. The water extraction down to 1.6 m from planting to harvest was the highest in RS treatment while it was next to FI treatment in terms of evapotranspiration (ET) and oil yield. The higher WUE of RS treatment compared to FI and VS treatments suggest that RS treatment utilized the available water more efficiently. The cultivar 99OL showed higher WUE and oil yield. Thus, deficit irrigation at reproductive stage of safflower and adoption of 99OL cultivar can improve WUE and oil yield benefits under limited water conditions.
Which Is Safer: A Traditional Epidural or a Combined Spinal Epidural?

A 32-year-old primigravida at 5-cm dilatation, with regular contractions and intact membranes, is admitted to the labor floor in active labor. She is obese (body mass index [BMI] 41) and has a Mallampati class III airway. The rest of her medical history is unremarkable. After addressing her questions and concerns and signing consent, you perform a traditional epidural with loss of resistance to air, 6 cm from the skin. Aspiration and test dose are negative. The epidural catheter is loaded with 10 ml bupivacaine, 0.125 %, and fentanyl, 50 µ(mu)g. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia with both continuous and demand dosing is initiated before you leave the room.
Towards Automating Data Narratives

We propose a new area of research on automating data narratives. Data narratives are containers of information about computationally generated research findings. They have three major components: 1) A record of events, that describe a new result through a workflow and/or provenance of all the computations executed; 2) Persistent entries for key entities involved for data, software versions, and workflows; 3) A set of narrative accounts that are automatically generated human-consumable renderings of the record and entities and can be included in a paper. Different narrative accounts can be used for different audiences with different content and details, based on the level of interest or expertise of the reader. Data narratives can make science more transparent and reproducible, because they ensure that the text description of the computational experiment reflects with high fidelity what was actually done. Data narratives can be incorporated in papers, either in the methods section or as supplementary materials. We introduce DANA, a prototype that illustrates how to generate data narratives automatically, and describe the information it uses from the computational records. We also present a formative evaluation of our approach and discuss potential uses of automated data narratives.
Exploring emergency contraception knowledge among Florida pharmacy school students: a preliminary assessment.

Objectives The United States leads all industrialized nations in unintended pregnancies. Many unintended pregnancies could be avoided through the use of emergency contraception (EC), a hormonal contraceptive that is highly effective if taken up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse. Pharmacists play a critical role in the ability of women to obtain EC, either over-the-counter or by prescription. This study assessed if U.S. pharmacy schools report teaching about EC in pharmacy school classes and how pharmacy students in Florida report learning about EC. Methods This study employed a mixed methods study design: a questionnaire was sent to the 91 deans of accredited pharmacy schools in the United States and focus groups were conducted with Florida pharmacy school students at the four accredited schools of pharmacy in Florida. Results Findings reported between the two phases of the study were discordant: All schools reported teaching EC content, whereas most students reported learning about EC outside of their classes. Knowledge that students have about EC does not seem to be adequate. Pharmacy students have preconceived biases or judgments about people who use EC and reported being hesitant about dispensing the medication. Conclusion This preliminary analysis revealed that pharmacy schools report to be teaching about EC in their pharmacy schools classes, but pharmacy school students may not feel well enough informed to dispense EC. Future research in understanding the complex process of how education can impact professional beliefs and practice is critical.