cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient on-chip integratable metasurface devices for polarimetric detection and imaging (Conference Presentation)

Optical metasurface refers to a kind of nanostructured material with sub-wavelength thickness and on-demand optical properties, which are not possible for natural materials. By rationally engineering the metasurface structures, one could achieve new capabilities for the manipulation of light, e.g., ultra-thin flat lenses, waveplates and holographic plates. Yet, the optical efficiency and performance of most metasurface-based devices are yet to improve to meet the requirements for real-world applications. In this talk, I will present our research on highly efficient on-chip integratable metasurface devices for ultra-compact polarimetric detection and imaging devices. I will discuss about our approach to realize highly efficient broadband hybrid metasurfaces (based on integrated dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces) for phase and polarization control of light in near infrared wavelength (1.2-1.7 µm). We have theoretically investigated and experimentally demonstrated circular polarization (CP) detection with CP extinction ratio (defined as the ratio between the transmission of CP light with desired handedness and that of CP light with the other handedness) of 30 and transmission efficiency over 80%. I will also discuss about another approach of realizing highly efficient plasmonic metasurfaces for phase and polarization control of light in mid-infrared wavelength (2-12 µm). Despite the high ohmic loss of plasmonic metasurfaces, I will show that by rationally designing the metasurface structure, it is possible to realize highly efficient plasmonic devices with superior performance. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have designed and experimentally demonstrated CP polarization filters with transmission efficiency >85% and CP extinction ratio >50 at 4 µm (bandwidth > 600 nm for CP extinction ratio> 10). The total thickness of the metasurface structure is less than 1/10 of the operational wavelength. Last but not the least, I will present our recent progress on chip-integration of metasurface devices for full-stokes polarimetric detection and imaging.
Becoming Unburdened: Writing and Revealing the Debt of Heteronormativity:

In this essay, I use embodied, autoethnography to transform my fiscal self and disentangle my queer body from my heteronormative body. I position autoethnography and auto/archeology as a privileged...
Understanding U.S. Adults' Zika Virus Risk Perceptions and Mitigation Behaviors to Improve Technology-Supported Risk Communication

Understanding public risk perceptions, and how these affect behavior, is critical to public health's ability to leverage technology for risk communications. However, little is known about Zika virus risk perceptions. We addressed this gap by analyzing nationally representative (U.S.) survey data. Our results suggest that a minority of U.S. adults perceive Zika to be a major threat (13%), and only about 15% have taken protective actions. Our findings have implications for improving technology-supported risk communication.
Study of Thin-Film Magnetic Inductors Applied to Integrated Voltage Regulators

Intel's microprocessors are powered by high-frequency fully-integrated switching regulators implemented on die. Current products use non-magnetic inductors designed in the package substrate. This article investigates the use of magnetic thin film inductors fabricated on silicon wafers as an alternative that improves conversion efficiency while achieving higher inductance per area density. This article builds on the earlier work done on thin film inductors at Intel, and explores the feasibility of using them in a high volume product. A number of different design variations are studied to look at tradeoffs between efficiency, saturation characteristics, transient response, and voltage ripple. This is accomplished through a combination of passive measurements using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and active measurements on a fully functioning integrated voltage regulator system.
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases: An Expanded Capacity for Chemical Communication?

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an enzyme that belongs to the amidase signature (AS) superfamily and is widely distributed in multicellular eukaryotes. FAAH hydrolyzes lipid signaling molecules – namely, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) – which terminates their actions. Recently, the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana FAAH was solved and key residues were identified for substrate-specific interactions. Here, focusing on residues surrounding the substrate-binding pocket, a comprehensive analysis of FAAH sequences from angiosperms reveals a distinctly different family of FAAH-like enzymes. We hypothesize that FAAH, in addition to its role in seedling development, also acts in an N-acyl amide communication axis to facilitate plant–microbe interactions and that structural diversity provides for the flexible use of a wide range of small lipophilic signaling molecules.
A cognitive state transformation model for task-general and task-specific subsystems of the brain connectome

The human brain flexibly controls different cognitive behaviors, such as memory and attention, to satisfy contextual demands. Much progress has been made to reveal task-induced modulations in the whole-brain functional connectome, but we still lack a way to model changes in the brain9s functional organization. Here, we present a novel connectome-to-connectome (C2C) state transformation framework that enables us to model the brain9s functional reorganization in response to specific task goals. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project, we demonstrate that the C2C model accurately generates an individual9s task-specific connectomes from their task-free connectome with a high degree of specificity across seven different cognitive states. Moreover, the C2C model amplifies behaviorally relevant individual differences in the task-free connectome, thereby improving behavioral predictions. Finally, the C2C model reveals how the connectome reorganizes between cognitive states. Previous studies have reported that task-induced modulation of the brain connectome is domain-specific as well as domain-general, but did not specify how brain systems reconfigure to specific cognitive states. Our observations support the existence of reliable state-specific systems in the brain and indicate that we can quantitatively describe patterns of brain reorganization, common across individuals, in a computational model.
The Imperative for Integrating Public Health and Health Care Delivery Systems

The Covid-19 pandemic illustrates how responsibility for activities of distinct elements of the health care universe can overlap or even shift. Leaders need to explore more opportunities for effici...
Forest power: The impact of community forest management on female empowerment

Abstract Community forest management (CFM) systems have been implemented in developing countries as forest conservation initiatives with community development objectives. Women are often active in CFM by participating in non-timber forest product harvesting and management. Given the increasing presence of women in CFM, this study assesses whether participating in community forest management gives females more household decision-making power, a proxy for empowerment. This is a relevant issue because many development policies are implemented with female empowerment objectives, yet no existing rigorous quantitative studies have examined whether women's participation in CFM empowers them. Using an ordered logistic regression and an instrumental variable method, we analyze a household-level survey of forest-dwelling residents living in the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. We find that female's participation in CFM increases her intra-household bargaining power on average. The results demonstrate that CFM systems can have development benefits that extend beyond increased household income and welfare.
Exploring When and Why Gender and Structural Power Influence Retaliation Against Moral Objectors

Although research suggests that moral objection plays a critical role in reducing unethical behavior within organizations, moral objectors often face retaliation, in part because they are viewed as...
Pathologic Primary Tumor Factors Associated With Risk of Lymph Node Involvement in Patients With High-Risk Endometrial Cancer

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend adjuvant systemic therapy with or without external beam radiation and/or intravaginal brachytherapy for high-risk endometrial cancer histologies. Being able to estimate the risk of pelvic/para-aortic lymph node (LN) involvement could assist in making clinical decisions regarding whether to treat with external beam versus brachytherapy alone. The National Cancer Data Base was queried to develop predictive nomograms based on primary uterine factors to estimate the risk of pathologic LN involvement. MATERIALS/METHODS Patients diagnosed with pathologic T1-T2 clear cell, uterine papillary serous (UPS), carcinosarcoma, or mixed endometrial cancer between 2004-2016 undergoing primary surgery with at least 10 LNs sampled in the National Cancer Data Base were identified. Logistic regression was performed to identify primary pathologic tumor predictors of LN positivity. Pathologic variables assessed included primary tumor histology, pathologic tumor stage, tumor size, and presence/absence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI). Nomograms were created to predict overall, pelvic only, and paraaortic and/or pelvic LN involvement. RESULTS Among 7,918 patients included, 1,407 (18%) were node positive. On multivariable analysis, relative to carcinosarcoma, both clear cell (odds ratio [OR] 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34-2.32, P < 0.001) and UPS (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.46-2.13, P < 0.001) histology were significantly associated with a higher risk of LN positivity while mixed histology was not (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.95-1.37, P = 0.16). Furthermore, increasing pathologic tumor stage (pT2 versus pT1a, OR 3.62, 95% CI 3.04-4.28, P < 0.001), increase in tumor size per centimeter (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.11, P < 0.001), and presence of LVI (OR 5.23, 95% CI 4.58-6.02, P < 0.001) were predictive of overall LN positivity. Nomograms demonstrated that the impact of primary tumor pathologic variables was comparable for predicting any LN involvement, pelvic only, and paraaortic with or without pelvic LN involvement. CONCLUSION Among endometrial cancer patients with high-risk histologies, predictors of LN positivity are similar to those with endometrial adenocarcinoma. Patients with carcinosarcoma are the least likely to be diagnosed with node positive disease relative to other high-risk histologies. Predictive nomograms can help to individualize the risk of pelvic and paraaortic LN involvement and may assist in adjuvant treatment decisions. AUTHOR DISCLOSURE E. Anderson: None. M. Luu: None. D.J. Lu: None. E.M. Chung: None. M. Kamrava: American Board of Radiology, Brachytherapy Journal, American Brachytherapy Society Board of Directors. Co-Editor; Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy.
Planarity of Line Graphs

In this chapter we address the question of which graphs are such that their line graphs can be drawn in the plane in such a way that none of their edges cross. It turns out that there are two criteria for this, one involving forbidden subgraphs, the other involving degrees and connectivity properties of individual vertices. After reviewing briefly some of the background of planar graphs, these criteria are proved along with some related results. In particular, we prove which line graphs can have drawings in which all of the vertices are on the unbounded region. We follow this with an investigation into graphs for which the line graph can be drawn in the plane with just one crossing of edges. The chapter concludes with results on the potential behavior of the iterated line graphs in the plane.
Effect of nitrogen concentration on the performance of Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N/sub y/As/sub 1-y/ solar cells

A study of Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N/sub y/As/sub 1-y/ solar cells shows that nitrogen degrades the solar cells even for very small nitrogen concentrations. By comparing the properties of p-on-n and n-on-p Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N/sub y/As/sub 1-y/ cells as a function of y, we find that the n-on-p cells show a more abrupt decrease in the open-circuit voltage and greater decrease of the photocurrent. The asymmetry in the performance of the cells reflects the differences observed for electrons and holes in Ga/sub 1-x/In/sub x/N/sub y/As/sub 1-y/. The electron mobility is degraded much more than the hole mobility when nitrogen is added to GaAs, implying that the electron diffusion length should be degraded more than the hole diffusion length. An electron trap (observed by deep-level transient spectroscopy) affects p-type GaN/sub y/As/sub 1-y/ more than n-type GaN/sub y/As/sub 1-y/, consistent with the observation that the open-circuit voltage of n-on-p cells decreases more than that of p-on-n cells. The effect of nitrogen on GaNAs cells is shown to be much greater than expected for an isoelectronic impurity.
Crystallin synthesis by chicken lens. I. Analysis of radioactive crystallins by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis.

Techniques for the analysis of radioactive proteins were introduced to cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. By this technique, at least 11 protein components were separated from radioactive chicken lens extracts, and the correspondence of these components to lens crystallins was determined by immunoelectrophoresis. In 17-day-old embryonic chicken lens, synthesis of delta crystallin was found in both epithelial and fiber cells, while the synthesis of alpha and beta crystallin was restricted to the epithelial cells.
Character of laser-glazed, plasma-sprayed zirconia coatings on stainless steel substrata

Partially stabilized zirconia was applied as coatings to 316L stainless steel substrata using an 80-kw arc-plasma unit. Some of these coating-substrate systems were subsequently glazed using a 10 kw CO2 continuous-wavelength laser. SEM was used to characterize the microstructures of the coatings and coating-substrate interfaces. Results are reported and discussed.
Photometric geodesy of main-belt asteroids. II - Analysis of lightcurves for poles, periods, and shapes

The assumption that asteroids can be modeled as smooth, featureless, triaxial ellipsoids that rotate about their shortest axes is presently used to study all but one of the 26 asteroids treated in the Weidenschilling et al. (1987) 'photometric geodesy' program. Rotational poles derived from three independent methods are used to determine each asteroid's sidereal period and triaxial ellipsoid axial ratios, together with their associated photometric parameters. The asteroids appear to have rotational poles that do not lie along their orbital planes.
Model overestimates of NOy in the upper stratosphere

Stratospheric NO y profiles from the Garcia-Solomon two-dimensional model are compared to observed profiles from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) and the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Experiment (ATMOS). The model consistently overestimates NO y in the upper stratosphere beyond the range of uncertainty in the satellite data. The relatively short lifetime of NO y in this region suggests a largely photochemical explanation for the discrepancy. Uncertainties in the photochemical production of NO y from N 2 O strongly influence stratospheric NO y profiles, but this influence decreases with increasing height in the upper stratosphere. Photochemical loss of NO y is controlled by the NO photolysis rate and the reaction rates of N + NO and N + O 2 . All these rates are subject to substantial uncertainties that probably contribute to the discrepancy between model and observations.
Taint-enhanced policy enforcement: a practical approach to defeat a wide range of attacks

Policy-based confinement, employed in SELinux and specification-based intrusion detection systems, is a popular approach for defending against exploitation of vulnerabilities in benign software. Conventional access control policies employed in these approaches are effective in detecting privilege escalation attacks. However, they are unable to detect attacks that "hijack" legitimate access privileges granted to a program, e.g., an attack that subverts an FTP server to download the password file. (Note that an FTP server would normally need to access the password file for performing user authentication.) Some of the common attack types reported today, such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, involve such subversion of legitimate access privileges. In this paper, we present a new approach to strengthen policy enforcement by augmenting security policies with information about the trustworthiness of data used in securitysensitive operations. We evaluated this technique using 9 available exploits involving several popular software packages containing the above types of vulnerabilities. Our technique sucessfully defeated these exploits.
Large Numbers Hypothesis. I. Classical Formalism

A self-consistent formulation of physics at the classical level embodying Dirac’s large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is developed based on units covariance. A scalar “field”ϕ (x) is introduced and some fundamental results are derived from the resultant equations. Some unusual properties ofϕ are noted such as the fact thatϕ cannot be the correspondence limit of a normal quantum scalar field.
Neoliberalism and Shifts in Occupational Structure: Quito, Ecuador, 1982–90

This paper examines shifting occupational composition in Quito, Ecuador, between 1982 and 1990, the first decade of neo–liberal–inspired economic reforms, and assesses to what degree these changes reflect general theories on the impacts of neo–liberalism. The research methodology uses census data for 1982 and 1990 to create a modified version of the workforce fragmentation typology. The analysis assesses shifts in the city’s occupational composition by examining change in industry and occupation categories, while also using gender and education to determine the importance of individual attributes in accessing employment. The result is a more rounded understanding of shifts in occupational composition during the inaugural period of neo–liberalism in a large Latin American city. The findings illustrate there is rapid growth in the overall number of people working in Quito, and that the greatest expansion is in the low–skill, low–wage positions. The findings also reveal that while having a college degree or higher qualification does increase one’s chances of gainful employment, there is no discernable difference between those with a secondary education and those with less than a secondary education.
The chemistry of uranium(IV)—I Uranium-oxygen bonds in some products derived from the hydrolysis of UCl4

Abstract In an attempt to find evidence for or against the existence of a UO2+ entity, we have examined IR spectra of some U(IV) compounds. UCl4 dissolved in H2O (or D2O) yielded a product believed to be primarily a mixture of [U(H2O)6OH]2Cl6 and [U(H2O)6(OH)xCl1−x]2Cl6. DTA curves showed endothermic peaks at 80, 120, 154 and 190° (with jagged shoulders at 170, 192 and 196°) and so four products (and the four corresponding deuterium analogues) were obtained on a preparative scale: (1) UCl3(OH)·3H2O, (2) UCl3(OH)·1·5H2O, (3) UCl2·5(OH)1·5, and (4) UO1·15Cl2·1. These were examined by infra-red in the 4000-250 cm−1 region. Bands at ca. 735 and 720 cm−1 are probably due to antisymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of a unit (OUO) in a chain or large ring polymeric structure and the uranium-oxygen bonds are undoubtedly of order greater than one, but less than two. Lower frequency bands at ca. 560, 500 and 430 cm−1 appear to be v(UO) modes arising from bridging and terminal OH− groups and H2O. Strikingly absent from the spectra are strong, sharp bands in the metal-oxygen multiple-bond region although weak bands at ca. 965 and 930 cm−1 cannot be unambiguously assigned.
Dispersion Stability and Transport of Nanohybrids through Porous Media

Single-walled carbon nanotube-silica nanohybrid particles are a very promising material that could be used for enhanced oil recovery because of their interfacial activity. To demonstrate the basic principle, aqueous nanohybrid particle dispersions were evaluated by looking at the effect of pH, surfactant, and polymer. The results showed that pH did not have significant effect on the dispersion stability of nanohybrid particles. Although surfactant could improve the dispersion stability, it reduced the interfacial activity of the nanohybrid particles, causing them to stay in the aqueous phase. The best nanohybrid particle dispersion stability was found upon polymer addition, where the dispersions were stable for more than a week even at low polymer concentration (50 ppm). One-dimensional sand-pack studies were performed to evaluate the flow of the nanohybrid particles through porous media. The results showed that most of the nanohybrid particles (>99%) could pass through a column packed with glass beads while a measurable fraction of the particles was retained in the column packed with crushed Berea. When the columns contained a residual saturation of decane, additional nanohybrid particles were retained at the oil/water interface in both glass beads and crushed Berea sand media. The sand pack studies showed that not only can the nanohybrid particles flow through porous media but also about half of the particles injected will go the O/W interface when the porous medium contains a residual saturation of hydrocarbon, where they could be used to support a catalytic conversion of components of the oil in reservoirs.
The Combined Use of Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors in Klebsiella pneumoniae‐induced Bovine Mastitis

Summary The effect of combined administration of flunixin meglumine (FM) and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) on milk prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) concentrations, and inflammatory indicators of bovine mastitis was examined. Mastitis was induced in six Holstein cows by the inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae via the teat canal. Four cows were intravenously treated with FM (1.1 mg/kg) and NDGA (10 mg/kg) 1 hour prior to bacterial inoculation and again at post inoculation hour (PIH) 11. Two control cows were intravenously treated with equivalent volume doses of sterile isotonic saline solution at the same post inoculation time points. Combined use of FM and NDGA was effective in reducing elevations in milk PGF2a levels and slightly effective in reducing elevations in milk LTB4 levels in the mastitic cows. Elevations in milk bovine serum albumin (BSA) levels were partially reduced during the early post inoculation time period in the FM and NDGA treated cows as compared to the saline treated control cows. Milk somatic cell counts from inoculated quarters were not significantly altered by FM and NDGA treatment. Elevations in rectal temperature were not reduced by FM and NDGA treatment, but clinical signs of quarter inflammation (warmth and swelling) were reduced by FM and NDGA treatment.
Policy debate: The Obama innovation strategy: How will it influence US business innovation and R&D management?

In September 2009, 'A strategy for American innovation: Driving towards sustainable growth and quality jobs', designed to help guide US technology and innovation policy, was unveiled by the new Obama administration, with a follow-up, Strategy for American innovation released in February 2011. First, this paper initially identifies and reviews the policy components and initiatives of the 'Obama innovation strategy' relevant to improving the nation's corporate innovation and R&D performance. Second, the Obama innovation strategy, specifically those four generic policies and initiatives identified as directly relevant to firm innovation and R&D management, i.e., innovation and R&D funding initiatives, taxation policy, patent policy, and antitrust policy, are evaluated on how they complement (and harmonize with) the existing US national innovation system. Last, a summary and conclusions are presented.
Broad-band sum frequency generation study of formic acid chemisorption on a Pt (1 0 0) electrode

Abstract Broad-band sum frequency generation spectroscopy (BB-SFG) was used to obtain vibrational spectra of CO adsorbates produced from formic acid oxidation on a Pt (1 0 0) electrode in sulfuric acid media. The BB-SFG simultaneously monitored all forms of the CO intermediates, including steady-state, as the potential was scanned at 5 mV/s. Spectra were compared to those obtained from CO adsorbed from a CO-saturated electrolyte. While adsorbed from HCOOH, the CO had a sharp atop transition near 2050 cm −1 and a broader multiply-bonded transitions in the 1700–1900 cm −1 range, which appear to result from bridge-like and higher-coordinated (possibly fourfold) CO. As the potential scanned from −0.2 to 0.3 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), the bridge-like CO disappeared, and the amount of atop CO increased. At potentials above 0.5 V, the CO was in steady-state, being oxidized on the surface to CO 2 and replenished by CO from HCOOH. These measurements show that BB-SFG can observe potential-dependent interconversion of different CO forms on the electrode surface and can measure steady-state reaction intermediates on a surface in real time.
Dimensional Instability of Doped Lanthanum Chromite

Lattice expansion phase stability, and dimensional stability of doped lanthanum chromites have been examined over a wide range of temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. Reduction of doped lanthanum chromite resulted in a linear expansion of the sample that was dependent on the acceptor (Sr, Ca) concentration, temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and oxygen content within the sample. Additional doping with aliovalent B-site additives significantly reduced lattice expansion in reducing environments. The lattice expansion in reducing environments was directly related to the loss of lattice oxygen and the simultaneous reduction of Cr{sup 4+} to Cr{sup 3+} to maintain electroneutrality.
Providing Competency Training to Clinical Supervisors Through an Interactional Supervision Approach

Training in supervisory competencies is essential to effective clinical practice and helps address the current national crisis in the behavioral health workforce. Interactional supervision, the approach used in the current study, is well established in clinical social work and focuses the task of the supervisee on the interpersonal exchanges encountered in clinical practice. This study examines the feasibility of supervisory competency training and associated gains in competencies among 81 clinical supervisors. Three types of competencies are assessed before and after training and at a 3-month follow-up—managing supervisory relationships, managing job performance, and promoting professional development. The results show that competency training is a feasible and potentially effective approach and is associated with supervisor satisfaction and stress management. The training employed is compatible with skills-based and intervention-specific supervisor training common among evidence-based treatments and is ...
The Politics of Literary Reinscription in Thomas Pynchon's V

Abstract A letter written in January 1969 was the occasion for Thomas Pynchon to define his fictional project in K and Gravity's Rainbow in historiographical terms and to state some ground rules for the metropolitan historian of European colonialism in Africa. In seeking to explain colonialsim, that historian has to make sure of “getting the African side of it” (Seed 241).
Consumer decision making: A model of the effects of involvement, source credibility, and location on the size of the price difference required to induce consumers to change suppliers

A model is presented for analyzing the effects of involvement, source credibility, and location on consumers' reactions to price changes. The model is based on a schema proposed by Jacoby and Olson (1977) to explain consumers' reactions to price. Evidence is presented that strongly indicates that involvement, source credibility, and location importantly affect the size of the price change required to motivate consumers to switch suppliers.
The adsorption of calcium, strontium and thallium ions from molten salts by silica and alumina

Abstract The adsorption of calcium, strontium and thallium ions by silica and alumina from a zinc chloride-potassium chloride eutectic was investigated. Adsorption rates, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption column data were determined. No adsorption for any of the cations could be obtained on the silica. Calcium and strontium were found to be adsorbed by alumina, while the thallium was not adsorbed. The rate of adsorption of strontium on alumina was twice as fast as that of calcium. The calcium isotherm at 250°C was of the general form fitted by the Freundlich or Langmuir equations, while the strontium isotherm was very anomalous. The data obtained from the adsorption column indicated that it might be feasible to separate rather large amounts of calcium and strontium from molten salts by adsorption on alumina. However, no effective way was found to elute the cations from the alumina packing.
Production of Monosex Female Populations of Walleye from Intersex Broodstock

Abstract Monosex female populations of walleye Stizostedion vitreum were produced by fertilizing eggs with sperm obtained from intersex genetic female broodstock. To produce these broodstock, groups of walleyes at mean sizes of 50, 70, and 90 mm total length (TL) were fed a diet containing 17α-methyltestosterone at 15 mg/kg of food for 60 consecutive days. At age 2, three masculinized females from the 50-mm TL group were identified by the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue. Mature spermatozoa were collected from these fish and used to fertilize eggs collected from normal females. Approximately 200 of the resultant progeny were reared to 145 mm TL. Morphological and histological examination of the gonads from a subsample of 35 of these fish confirmed that all were normal females. The potential uses of monosex female populations of walleye and the advantages of this indirect hormonal method of producing monosex female populations are discussed.
A Runtime Verification Framework for Control System Simulation

In a standard workflow for the validation of a control system, the control system is implemented as an extension to a simulator. Such simulators are complex software systems, and engineers may unknowingly violate constraints a simulator places on extensions. As such, errors may be introduced in the implementation of either the control system or the simulator leading to invalid simulation results. This paper presents a novel runtime verification approach for verifying control system implementations within simulators. The major contribution of the approach is the two-tier specification process. In the first tier, engineers model constraints using a domain-specific language tailored to modeling a controller's response to changes in its input. The language is high-level and effectively hides the implementation details of the simulator, allowing engineers to specify design-level constraints independent of low-level simulator interfaces. In the second tier, simulator developers provide mapping rules for mapping design-level constraints to the implementation of the simulator. Using the rules, an automated tool transforms the design-level specifications into simulator-specific runtime verification specifications and generates monitoring code which is injected into the implementation of the simulator. During simulation, these monitors observe the input and output variables of the control system and report changes to the verifier. The verifier checks whether these changes follow the constraints of the control system. We describe application of this approach to the verification of the constraints of an HVAC control system implemented with the power grid simulator Grid LAB-D.
Neutron-nuclei total cross sections at 27 GeV/c

Abstract The total cross sections for 27 GeV/ c neutrons on eight heavy elements, Be through U, has been measured and found to obey the empirical relationship σ T = 48 A 0.75 mb.
Measuring Race and Gender Differences in Undergraduate Students’ Perceptions of Campus Climate and Intentions to Leave College: An Analysis in Black and White

Student perceptions of campus climate environments and intentions to leave college were examined for 391 participants. Differences by race were found for perceptions of the campus climate being col...
Contribution of Sulfate Conjugation, Deamination, and O‐Methylation to Metabolism of Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Human Brain

: The kinetic constants were determined for dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) metabolism by phenolsulfotransferase (PST), type A and B monoamine oxidase (MAO), and membrane-bound and soluble catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) in frontal lobe preparations of human brain. PST and membrane-bound COMT were found to have the lowest Km, values for both catecholamines. By means of the appropriate rate equations and the calculated kinetic constants for each enzyme, the activity of each enzymatic pathway was determined at varying concentrations of DA and NE. Results indicate that deamination by MAO is the principal pathway for the enzymatic inactivation of DA whereas NE is largely metabolized by MAO type A and membrane-bound COMT under the in vitro assay conditions used. At concentrations less than 100 μM, soluble COMT’contributes less than 5% to the total catabolism of either catecholamine. PST can contribute up to 15% of the total DA metabolism and 7% of NE metabolism.
Psoralens and substituted coumarins from expressed oil of lime

Abstract Chromatography on silica gel columns isolated ten crystalline solids from expressed West Indian lime (Citrus aurantifolia) oil. Of the eight compounds identified, three were those previously reported by Caldwell and Jones, i.e. 5-geranoxy-7-methoxycoumarin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin and 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen (isopimpinellin). The following new compounds were identified: 5-geranoxypsoralen (bergamottin), 5-γ,γ-dimethylallyloxypsoralen (isoimperatorin), 8-geranoxypsoralen, 8-γ,γ-dimethylallyloxypsoralen (imperatorin); and 5-methoxy-8-γ,γ-dimethylallyloxypsoralen (phellopterin). Two compounds were tentatively identified as 5-geranoxy-8-methoxypsoralen and oxypeucedanin hydrate.
Structural Design Trade-Offs for MEMS Vibratory Rate Gyroscopes With 2-DOF Sense Modes

Our previous work demonstrated the advantages of MEMS vibratory gyroscopes with 1 degree of freedom (DOF) drive and 2-DOF sense modes which were shown to be robust to temperature drifts. These devices were designed with frequencies below 1 kHz; many applications, however, require gyroscopes with operational frequencies above 1 kHz for the rejection of ambient vibrations. This paper discusses the design trade-offs associated with increasing the frequency of the 3-DOF gyroscope design concept. Lumped parameter models were used to simulate the effects of frequency increases on the device, focusing on the 2-DOF sense mode. The simulations showed that the sense mode peak spacing increases with frequency which ultimately causes a decrease in sensitivity. A series of 3-DOF gyroscope prototypes with diferent operational frequencies ranging from 0.7 kHz to 5.1 kHz were designed, fabricated, and characterized.© 2007 ASME
Occurrence of Hypotaurine and Inositol in the Reproductive Tract of the Ewe and its Regulation by Pregnenolone and Progesterone

THE Fallopian tube and uterus form the biochemical environment in which fertilization and early embryonic development occur. In this study we compared the free amino-acid content together with the inositol concentration in the Fallopian tube and in the uterus of the ewe, both on the ovarian side and in the middle of the uterus. We used some female sexual organs of ewes during various stages of the oestrous cycle. The day of oestrus was established by means of a vasectomized ram twice daily.
Biochemical characterization of murine Ia antigens with xenoantisera. I. Identification of a second la molecule (I-E?) in H-2s haplotype.

Rabbit anti-Ia sera was produced by immunization with detergentsolubilized extracts from splenic, lymph-node and thymus cells. The antisera contained activity against H-2 as well as Ia molecules. By a sequential immunoprecipitation assay it was shown that the rabbit anti-mouseH-2s serum precipitated a second Ia molecule in theH-2s haplotype. Previous studies with alloantisera have shown only one Ia molecule associated with this haplotype. Sequential precipitations with alloantiserum against the wholeI region were used to show that this second Ia molecule is coded by genes within theI region. Since only I-A- and I-E-region coded molecules are immunoprecipitable in most haplotypes, we presume that the rabbit antiserum could be identifying the I-E-subregion coded molecule in theH-2s haplotype. The rabbit antiserum reacts with an isotypic specificity on the molecule. The studies suggest that theI-E subregion does exist in theH-2s haplotype even though alloantiserum cannot be produced to identify allotypic variants associated with this subregion.
Quantile inference based on partially rank-ordered set samples

Abstract This paper develops statistical inference for population quantiles based on a partially rank-ordered set (PROS) sample design. A PROS sample design is similar to a ranked set sample with some clear differences. This design first creates partially rank-ordered subsets by allowing ties whenever the units in a set cannot be ranked with high confidence. It then selects a unit for full measurement at random from one of these partially rank-ordered subsets. The paper develops a point estimator, confidence interval and hypothesis testing procedure for the population quantile of order p. Exact, as well as asymptotic, distribution of the test statistic is derived. It is shown that the null distribution of the test statistic is distribution-free, and statistical inference is reasonably robust against possible ranking errors in ranking process.
Transmembrane passage of hydrophobic compounds through a protein channel wall

Hydrophobic compounds are transported both into and out of cells. Because of the lipophilic nature of hydrophobic compounds, it is thought that such substrates enter efflux pumps by lateral diffusion from the lipid bilayer. Here, Hearn and colleagues present the structure of an Escherichia coli long-chain fatty acid importer, FadL, which reveals an opening in the wall of its transmembrane β-barrel. They further show that a mutant in which this opening is constricted is unable to transport substrate. They conclude that importers, like exporters, may exploit lateral diffusion for the transport of hydrophobic substrates. In this paper Hearn et al. present the structure of an Escherichia coli long-chain fatty acid importer, FadL, which reveals an opening in the wall of its transmembrane beta-barrel. They further show that a mutant in which this opening is constricted is unable to transport substrate, and conclude that importers, like exporters, may exploit lateral diffusion for the transport of hydrophobic substrates. Membrane proteins that transport hydrophobic compounds have important roles in multi-drug resistance1,2,3 and can cause a number of diseases4,5, underscoring the importance of protein-mediated transport of hydrophobic compounds. Hydrophobic compounds readily partition into regular membrane lipid bilayers6, and their transport through an aqueous protein channel is energetically unfavourable3. Alternative transport models involving acquisition from the lipid bilayer by lateral diffusion have been proposed for hydrophobic substrates3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12. So far, all transport proteins for which a lateral diffusion mechanism has been proposed function as efflux pumps. Here we present the first example of a lateral diffusion mechanism for the uptake of hydrophobic substrates by the Escherichia coli outer membrane long-chain fatty acid transporter FadL. A FadL mutant in which a lateral opening in the barrel wall is constricted, but which is otherwise structurally identical to wild-type FadL, does not transport substrates. A crystal structure of FadL from Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that the opening in the wall of the β-barrel is conserved and delineates a long, hydrophobic tunnel that could mediate substrate passage from the extracellular environment, through the polar lipopolysaccharide layer and, by means of the lateral opening in the barrel wall, into the lipid bilayer from where the substrate can diffuse into the periplasm. Because FadL homologues are found in pathogenic and biodegrading bacteria, our results have implications for combating bacterial infections and bioremediating xenobiotics in the environment.
EFFECT OF RADIATION AND MOISTURE ON THE DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE

Studiess of effects of nuclear radiation on the dynamic mechanical properties of a series of polyethylene terephthalate specimens are reported. The investigations cover a temperature range from 80 to 530 deg K and a frequency range from about 100 to 1300 cycles/sec. Radiation doses greater than 10/sup 9/ rads significantly decrease the temperature of the main glass transition and cause other changes in the internal friction spectra. Addition of water also causes a shift of the glass transition to lower temperatures. (auth)
Structure of Bacitracin A

REPORTS in the literature1 regarding the dodecapeptide, bacitracin A, indicate the presence in the molecule of the sequences phenylalanyl histidine (I) and phenylalanyl isoleucyl cysteine (II). Two related facts remain unexplained: (a) there is only one phenylalanine residue in the molecule; hence it is the same phenylalanyl which is present in (I) and (II); (b) on total hydrolysis of dinitrophenyl–bacitracin A, the dinitrophenyl derivative of the isoleucine residue in (II) can be isolated, though in poor yield1.
The Production of the Myth of "Sister Phoenix": From the Perspective of Discourse Analysis

The analytical paper mainly deals with the questions how the image of Sister Phoenix, one of the most “popular” ugly stars in China is narrated, and how it is reconstructed and circulated by the media. In the paper, the author utilize multiple analytical devices, such as Gee’s seven building tasks (2010), Bahktin’s dialogical processes, Fairclough’s (2003) approaches to critical discourse analysis and Couldry’s (2010) theories about media discourse. The aim of the paper is not only to explore the reason why her self-narration is destined to attract the interest of the media and the modern Chinese society but also aims at seeking how the media constantly helps producing new categories of life in front of the audience.
Genetic Algorithm Based PD Control and Fuzzy Logic Control of a Two Link Robot

This paper presents two schemes for the control of robotic manipulator systems. The first method is based on proportional plus derivative (PD) control with the PD controller gain parameters optimized via Genetic Algorithm (GA). The cost function (or performance index) to be minimized is the time taken by the system to achieve a final desired position. The second scheme is a fuzzy PD controller whose inputs are error and derivative of error. The fuzzy rules have been formulated with common behavior of the system under certain input conditions and defuzzification has been carried out to obtain crisp joint torque values. The configuration considered in the present paper is a two robotic link system.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
P transposition in Drosophila provides a new tool for analyzing postreplication repair and double-strand break repair

A genetic screen has been developed in Drosophila for identifyng host-repair genes responsible for processing DNA lesions formed during mobilization of P transposable elements. Application of that approach to repair deficient mutants has revealed that the mei-41 and mus302 genes are necessary for recovery of P-bearing chromosomes undergoing transposition. Both of these genes are required for normal postreplication repair. Mutants deficient in excision repair, on the other hand, have no detected effect on the repair of transposition-induced lesions. These observations suggest that P element-induced lesions are repaired by a postreplication pathway of DNA repair. The data further support recent studies implicating double-strand DNA breaks as intermediates in P transposition, because the mei-41 gene has been genetically and cytologically associated with the repair of interrupted chromosomes. Analysis of this system has also revealed a striking stimulation of site-specific gene conversion and recombinaion by P transposition. This result strongly suggests that postreplication repair in this model eukaryote operates through a conversion/recombination mechanism. Our results also support a recently developed model for a conversion-like mechanism of P transposition (Engels et al., 1990). Involvement of the mei-41 and mus302 genes in the repair of P element-induced double-strand breaks and postreplication repair points to a commonality in the mechanisms of these processes.
Review: on-demand maintenance therapy with proton pump inhibitors is as effective as continuous therapy for nonerosive GERD.

Source Citation Pace F, Tonini M, Pallotta S, Molteni P, Porro GB. Systematic review: maintenance treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with proton pump inhibitors taken ‘on-demand’. Alime...
When Wnts antagonize Wnts.

Secreted Wnt ligands appear to activate a variety of signaling pathways. Two papers in this issue now present genetic evidence that “noncanonical” Wnt signaling inhibits the “canonical” Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Westfall et al. (2003a) show that zebrafish embryos lacking maternal Wnt-5 function are dorsalized due to ectopic activation of β-catenin, whereas Topol et al. (2003) report that chondrogenesis in the distal mouse limb bud depends on inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by a paralogue of Wnt-5. These studies present the first genetic confirmation of the previous hypothesis that vertebrate Wnt signaling pathways can act in an antagonistic manner.
The mechanism of inhibition of Alcaligenes faecalis S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by neplanocin A

Abstract Neplanocin A, a cyclopentenyl analog of adenosine, has been reported by S. Yaginuma, N. Muto, M. Tsujino, Y. Sudate, M. Hayashi, and M. Otari (1981) J. Antibiot 34 , 359–366 to exhibit antibacterial activity against Alcaligenes faecalis . Since neplanocin A (NpcA) is a known inhibitor of eukaryotic S -adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) ( R. T. Borchardt, B. T. Keller, and U. Patel-Thombre (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259 , 4353–4358), the present study was undertaken to determine the effects of this carbocyclic nucleoside on AdoHcy hydrolase isolated from a prokaryotic source ( A. faecalis ). AdoHcy hydrolase was purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on an AdoHcy-agarose matrix from A. faecalis . Neplanocin A inactivated the purified AdoHcy hydrolase in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and the enzyme activity could not be recovered by dialysis. The inactivation of this bacterial enzyme by neplanocin A is accompanied by a reduction of three of the six enzyme-bound NAD + s to NADHs. These results suggest that the prokaryotic enzyme, like the eukaryotic AdoHcy hydrolase, is susceptible to inhibition by neplanocin A. The mechanism of inactivation in both cases appears to be a K cat mechanism involving the reduction of the enzyme-bound NAD + to NADH. The fact that total inhibition of the prokaryotic AdoHcy hydrolase by NpcA results in a reduction of only three of the six enzyme-bound NAD + s to NADHs suggests that the enzyme shows half-site reactivity (i.e., only three of the six subunits are catalytically active).