cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protease activity of normal and PHA stimulated human lymphocytes.

Abstract An assay measuring the release of TCA soluble radioactive peptides from 3 H acetylated casein or hemoglobin has been used to demonstrate that human peripheral blood lymphocytes contain a number of proteases, including cathepsin D, a neutral serine protease(s) inhibited by DFP and TLCK and probably a thiol protease(s) as well. We have also found a neutral protease activity bound to the surface of the lymphocyte, but not secreted into the medium which is not inhibited by TLCK. TLCK inhibits blast transformation to PHA under conditions that do not profoundly affect protein synthesis and inhibits the total extractable proteolytic activity of lymphocytes by approximately 25%. Lymphocytes contain one or more proteases that may play a role in blast transformation and other lymphocyte functions.
Nannoplankton Biostratigraphy and Sedimentary Petrology of a Vertical Facies Sequence Crossing the Campanian-Maestrichtian Boundary in Central Alabama: ABSTRACT

On the basis of the occurrence of calcareous nannoplankton in Upper Cretaceous sediments, exposed in a series of road cuts near Pine Level, Alabama, the sequence is placed in the uppermost Kamptnerius magnificus zone, the Tetralithus aculeus zone, and the lower Chiastozygus initialis zone (Campanian-lower Maestrichtian). The Cusseta Sand lithology, which is considered to be of Campanian age in western Georgia and eastern Alabama, is shown to be basal Ripley or Maestrichtian at this locality, based on the occurrence of Chiastozygus initialis. This age difference suggests that the clastic wedge, building southeastward from central Georgia and represented by the Cusseta Sand in east and central Alabama, is time-transgressive as the unit progrades from east to west. Although a Demopolis Chalk lithology (calcareous clay) appears above the basal Ripley Sand (Cusseta Sand), it is not Campanian as suggested by previous workers, but is instead lower Maestrichtian. Through the use of planktonic-benthonic foraminiferal ratios, textural analyses, clay mineral ratios, and stratigraphic and biogenic structures, the following 5 sedimentary environments, in vertical sequence, were established: (1) delta-front silts and sands (regressive), (2) offshore clay (transgressive), (3) marginal-shelf sands (basal Ripley), (4) offshore clays (transgressive), and (5) barrier bar-shoal sand complex (regressive). The gradational boundaries between the various facies produced by a fluctuating strand demonstrates that there is no major break in the sedimentary record in crossing the Campanian-Maestrichtian boundary. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1899------------
Pathology of carcinoma of the lung associated with asbestos exposure.

Fifty cases of carcinoma of the lung in patients occupationally exposed to asbestos were compared with 50 matched control cases of carcinoma of the lung. The two series differed significantly only in the distribution of the tumors in relation to upper and lower lobes. Another statistically less striking difference was a somewhat more frequent severe pleural involvement in the exposed group. Position within a lobe, cell types, and metastatic incidence and pattern showed no significant difference between the two series. This essential similarity would appear to be in agreement with epidemiologic and experimental investigations indicating that asbestos is a co-carcinogen. It is weak in itself, but markedly augments the effect of another potent carcinogen which in the human population is probably cigarette smoke.
Estimating eye care workforce supply and requirements.

Abstract Purpose: To estimate the workforce supply and requirements for eye care in the United States. Methods: Three models were constructed for analysis: supply of providers, public health need for eye care, and demand (utilization) for eye care. Ophthalmologists, other physicians, and optometrists were included in the models. Public health need was determined by applying condition-specific prevalence and incidence rates from population-based and other epidemiologic studies. Demand was determined by use of national databases, such as the National Ambulatory Care Survey, National Hospital Discharge Survey, and Medicare Part B. Time requirements for care were obtained through a stratified sample survey of the membership of the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Results: Under modeling assumptions that use a work-time ratio of one between optometrists and ophthalmologists and between specialist and generalist ophthalmologists, a significant excess of eye care providers exists relative to both public health need and demand. Changes in the work-time ratio, work-hours per year per provider, care patterns for the same condition, or other factors could significantly reduce or eliminate the surplus relative to need. Conclusion: If optometrists are the preferred primary eye care provider, ophthalmologists would be in excess under all demand scenarios and all need scenarios where the optometrist to ophthalmologist work-time ratio is greater than 0.6. No excess of ophthalmologists would exist if ophthalmologists are the preferred primary eye care provider. Data on the appropriate work time ratio will help refine estimates of the imbalance between supply and requirements.
Electrical behavior of cement-based junctions including the pn-junction

Electric current rectification, though not perfect, was attained by using a junction (pn or nn+) between cement pastes with different extents n- or p-type character. The n-type character was enhanced by using steel fibers as an admixture. The p-type character was enhanced by using carbon fibers as an admixture.
Vocational Guidance for Everyone

Vocational assistance comes at all age levels and in many forms (vocational counseling, vocational placement, vocational awareness, exploration, and experience programs, career seminars, group counseling, etc.) At the present time, one or more of these interventions is provided in elementary and secondary schools, colleges and universities, business colleges, technical institutes, employment and rehabilitation agencies, special centers, private agencies and consulting firms. In addition, such help is offered by people with a great range of talent and training-from none to magnificient. Some unknown proportion of these services are helpful. At the same time, many-maybe the majority-share a common core of deficiencies: 1. They reach only a small proportion of the populations who need such services. For example, the ratio of counselors to students
Comparative degradation of pultruded E-glass/vinylester in deionized water, alkaline solution, and concrete leachate solution

The use of E-glass/vinylester composites, fabricated by processes such as resin infusion and pultrusion involving low-moderate temperature cure regimes, in civil infrastructure applications is increasing. A major consideration in these applications is long-term durability in the presence of aqueous solutions ranging from water to alkaline environments such as would be seen from pore water of concrete in the case of a reinforcing bar in concrete, or from an alkaline rich concrete leachate due to water migrating through porous concrete to the surface of a composite overlay. This study characterizes mass uptake, tensile, and interlaminar shear response of a pultruded E-glass/vinylester immersed in deionized water, alkali solution, and concrete leachate solution for periods up to 75 weeks. The high pH solutions are seen to cause a greater degree of irreversible damage at the resin, interface, and fiber levels. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1405–1414, 2006
Resident perceptions of the impact of work-hour restrictions on health care delivery and surgical education: time for transformational change.

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recently enacted an 80-hour workweek, which has been in effect in New York State for several years. We surveyed surgical residents from all four State University of New York (SUNY) surgical programs to determine their perceptions of the impact of the 80-hour workweek on patient care, surgical education, and personal life. Methods A survey instrument to address the three areas of concern was developed and administered to all surgical residents at the four SUNY programs. Anonymity of the responders was maintained. Responses to the questions were in numeric rank scores and were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and analysis of variance. Results Response rate was 59%. Factors perceived to be affected negatively by the residents were continuity and safety of care, their operative experience, and their relations with attendings. The factors affected positively were increased personal time and decreased fatigue at work. Interestingly, the latter did not appear to decrease the rate of medical errors in their perception. Conclusions The 80-hour workweek has the potential to have adverse effects on patient care despite improving the level of fatigue at work. Reengineering the surgical residencies will be needed to take full advantage of the restricted work hours.
Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity Inspection Data: A Weibull Analysis

Quantifiable life-cycle models of the service life of pavement markings are essential for a cost-efficient pavement marking management system. A study was conducted to develop an analysis procedure for typical pavement marking retroreflectivity inspection data. Retroreflectivity data collected by the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program on water-based paints in 2002 on a Pennsylvania test deck were used. Those data were considered interval-level duration data, and a Weibull analysis was performed. A Weibull analysis is a typical method in reliability engineering in which Weibull scale and shape parameters are estimated from failure data for making objective maintenance decisions. Results of the Weibull analysis indicated that the water-based paints had shape and scale parameters of 1.42 (±0.05), and 601.67 (±17.73) days, respectively, for skip line areas and 2.38 (±0.08) and 227.41 (±4.48) days, respectively, for left wheelpath areas. It was also determined that the probability of 2-year wat...
Uptake of calcium and magnesium by cotton grown under dryland conditions

The mid-1940s was the last time an intensive study of the Ca and Mg nutrition of cotton (Gossypium hirstutum L.) was conducted in the USA. Since that time cultivars and cultural practices have changed, thus, field studies were conducted for 2 yr to evaluate the Ca and Mg uptake characteristics of four cultivars that are representative of those now produced in the South : Deltapine 90', Stoneville 825', Coker 315' and Paymaster 145'. They were grow on nonirrigated Decatur silt loam (clayey, thermic, kaolinitic, Rhodic Paleudults) and a non-irrigated Norfolk fine sandy loam (fine loamy, thermic siliceous, Typic Paleudults) in Alabama (...)
The lumbar, sacral and coccygeal tactile dermatomes of the dog.

Tactile dermatomes L1 through Co5 were determined in the dog by electrophysiological recording. All dermatomes were continuous skin fields which extended from the dorsal to the ventral midlines and displayed considerable cranio-caudal overlap. Most cutaneous regions were innervated by three dorsal roots, although some loci were supplied by two or four segments. The dermatomes boundaries, which were determined in relation to palpable skeltal landmarks, displayed an inherent variability from subject to subject, around a most common distribution. This variability was limited to the distance of one vertebral spine, cranial or caudal to the mode boundaries. Dermatomes exhibited central regions of maximal innervation where the response per rootlet appeared greater than at the periphery. The central-peripheral sensitivity distinction was more remarkable in the limb dermatomes where proprioceptive afferents decreased tactile resolution at the periphery of the field. The maximal innervation zones appeared to approximate the locations of the major cutaneous nerves. The experimental findings suggest the hypothesis that the afferent fibers comprising a canine dorsal root are intermixed in the spinal nerve and are distributed at random within the dermatome.
RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AND GLUCOSE-6-P DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN PRETERM INFANTS ON THE FIRST DAY OF LIFE

RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AND GLUCOSE-6-P DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN PRETERM INFANTS ON THE FIRST DAY OF LIFE
A neural network for classifying the financial health of a firm

Abstract We present here a neural network applied to a universal business problem: the estimation of the future fiscal health of a corporation. The commonly used accounting and financial tool for such classification and prediction is a multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) of financial ratios. But the MDA technique has limitations based on its assumptions of linear separability, multivariate normality, and independence of the predictive variables. A neural network, being free from such constraining assumptions, is able to achieve superior results. Our neural network model is the Cascade-Correlation architecture recently developed by Scott E. Fahlman and Christian Lebiere at Carnegie Mellon University. This new approach solves the hidden architecture enigma encountered using other types of neural networks. Also, Cascade-Correlation manages error signals in a manner which significantly improves execution speed. Our research is the first to use Cascade-Correlation for corporate health estimation.
The sub-millimeter and Fourier transform microwave spectrum of HZnCl (X 1Σ+)

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of HZnCl (X 1 Σ + ) has been recorded using sub-millimeter direct-absorption methods in the range of 439–540 GHz and Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) techniques from 9 to 39 GHz. This species was produced by the reaction of zinc vapor and chlorine gas with H 2 or D 2 in a d.c. glow discharge for the sub-millimeter studies. In the FTMW measurements, HZnCl was created in a discharge nozzle from Cl 2 and (CH 3 ) 2 Zn. Between 5 and 10 rotational transitions were measured in the sub-millimeter regime for four zinc and two chlorine isotopologues; four transitions were recorded with the FTMW machine for the main isotopologue, each consisting of several chlorine hyperfine components. The data are consistent with a linear molecule and a 1 Σ + ground electronic state. Rotational and chlorine quadrupole constants were established from the spectra, as well as an r m (2) structure. The Zn–Cl and Zn–H bond lengths were determined to be 2.0829 and 1.5050 A, respectively; in contrast, the Zn–Cl bond distance in ZnCl is 2.1300 A, longer by ∼0.050 A. The zinc–chlorine bond distance therefore shortens with the addition of the H atom. The 35 Cl electric quadrupole coupling constant of eQq = −27.429 MHz found for HZnCl suggests that this molecule is primarily an ionic species with some covalent character for the Zn–Cl bond.
Transient effects on stimulated Brillouin scattering

We present a detailed comparison of theory and experiment for transient stimulated Brillouin scattering for a pump pulse with Gaussian temporal profile. A new approach for measuring Brillouin linewidths is demonstrated, and an unexplained asymmetry is observed.
Short-term efficacy of temperature-based radiofrequency ablation of small renal tumors.

Abstract Objectives To present our experience using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of small renal tumors. Our objective was to assess the short-term (1 to 3 years) oncologic efficacy of RFA. Methods Consecutive renal tumors treated since May 2001 with a minimal follow-up of 6 months were included. Patients were treated with a temperature-based radiofrequency generator and were followed up with serial imaging at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and every 6 months thereafter. Results A total of 109 small renal tumors (91 patients) were treated with computed tomography-guided percutaneous RFA (n = 63) or laparoscopic RFA (n = 46). The mean tumor size was 2.4 cm (range 0.8 to 4.7). The initial ablation was successful in 107 (98%) of 109 tumors. The two incomplete ablations were successfully re-ablated. Of the 60 patients with at least 1 year of follow-up, 60% had biopsy proven renal cell carcinoma (an additional 24% had no tissue diagnosis). In this group, one local recurrence (1.7%) was detected during a mean follow-up of 19.4 months (range 12 to 33), and in those with known renal cell carcinoma, none had evidence of distant progression (0%). The local recurrence was successfully re-ablated such that all 109 cases had no clinical or radiographic evidence of disease at last follow-up. Three patients died of causes unrelated to cancer. Conclusions The results of our study have shown that in the short term, RFA appears to be a reasonable therapeutic nephron-sparing approach for treating select patients with small renal tumors. The cancer control appears adequate to date, but longer follow-up is necessary before widespread application.
Understanding bug fix patterns in verilog

Today, many electronic systems are developed using a hardware description language, a kind of software that can be converted into integrated circuits or programmable logic devices. Like traditional software projects, hardware projects have bugs, and significant developer time is spent fixing them. A useful first step toward reducing bugs in hardware is developing an understanding of the frequency of different types of errors. Once the most common types are known, it is then possible to focus attention on eliminating them. As most hardware projects use software configuration management repositories, these can be mined for the textual bug fix changes. In this project, we analyze the bug fix history of four hardware projects written in Verilog and manually define 25 bug fix patterns. The frequency of each bug type is then computed for all projects. We find that 29 -- 55% of the bug fix pattern instances in Verilog involve assignment statements, while 18 -- 25% are related to if statements.
Testing for parameter instability in linear models

Simple tests for parameter instability are presented and discussed. These tests have locally optimal power and do not require a priori knowledge of “the breakpoint.” Two empirical examples are presented to illustrate the use of the tests. The first examines whether an AR(1) model for annual U.S. output growth rates has remained stable over 1889–1987. The second examines the stability of an error correction model for an aggregate life cycle model of consumption.
Healing of skin incision wounds treated with topically applied BAPN free base in the rat.

Abstract β-Aminopropionitrile as free base (BAPN) was applied onto the incised or intact skin of rats at the dose of 5, 20, 100, and 200 μl for 9 days, twice daily. Breaking strength of the skin wound or intact skin was significantly reduced at doses of 20 μl and higher; body weight growth was significantly retarded at the two highest dosages. It is concluded that at a given dose (20 μl) collagen polymerization (evaluated by reduced breaking strength and increased extractability of collagen) was specifically inhibited by BAPN. Furthermore, no evidence of topical or general toxic effects were observed, as reflected in histology, body weight growth, and behavior of the rats. Acute LD50 of BAPN base and fumarate, administered either ip or topically, was determined in mice. While BAPN base in ip administration shows LD50 of 1.15 g/kg, in cutaneous application it is more than 12.8 g/kg. It is suggested that topically applied BAPN base is percutaneously absorbed and affects collagen polymerization in the skin and adjacent tissues.
A comparison of the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of LaNI5 hydride

Abstract A comparison of the hydriding and dehydriding reactions of LaNi5 hydride, in the two-phase region, has been made under essentially identical conditions. In both the absorption and desorption processes, the sample was maintained at approximately isothermal conditions by mixing it with a heat buffer. In addition, the hydrogen pressure in the system was adjusted such that the ratio of the equilibrium plateau pressure to the opposing pressure was the same for both the hydriding and dehydriding processes. Pressure ratios of 2, 3, 4 and 5 were used in each case. Since these factors, as well as the number of times that the sample had been subjected to hydriding-dehydriding cycles, were kept constant, it was possible to make valid comparisons of the intrinsic rates of hydriding and dehydriding. The rates of hydriding and dehydriding were found to differ substantially under the conditions used. In the case of hydriding, the reaction rate started out slowly, increased to a maximum, then decayed exponentially. In the case of dehydriding, the reaction rate decreased exponentially throughout. This suggests that in the early stages, absorption proceeds by a nucleation and growth process in which β-phase nuclei form on the surface. Once the nuclei have grown to the extent where overlapping occurs, the β phase forms a contracting envelope around the α phase and grows inwardly with a corresponding decrease in the α-β interface area. Dehydriding, however, can best be described throughout the entire reaction by a shrinking core model in which α-phase forms on the surface and grows inwardly. In both processes, the reaction rate seems to be controlled by phase transformation at the α-β interface. Activation energies were found to be 27 and 37 kJ mol−1 for the absorption and desorption process respectively, at a pressure ratio of 2. Also, since the first order rate constants for absorption and desorption were found to vary linearly with the logarithm of the pressure ratio, it is suggested that pressure ratios should always be specified when reporting kinetic data.
On the distribution of linear functions and ratios of linear functions of ordered correlated normal random variables with emphasis on range

SUMMARY This paper deals with the distribution of linear functions and ratios of linear functions of order statistics from an equally correlated set of normal random variables. Some special cases of this family of linear functions are considered. The case of range is studied in great detail both for the case of equal correlations as well as in the general case. For the general case, formulae for the distribution of range are obtained for sample sizes of two, three and four. In the equally correlated case, expressions are obtained for the probability integral, percentage points and moments of the linear functions in terms of the corresponding expressions for the uncorrelated cases. It is also shown that ratios of certain linear functions of the order statistics have a distribution independent of this common correlation.
Kontrolle der Sekundärstruktur synthetischer Oligomere durch solvophobe und koordinative Wechselwirkungen

Mit vereinten Kraften – namlich solvophoben und koordinativen Wechselwirkungen – ist ein Oligomer auf Phenylacetylenbasis in der Lage, unter Einschlus von Ag+-Ionen eine hochgeordnete, helicale Sekundarstruktur zu bilden. Das gezeigte Kalottenmodell veranschaulicht die trigonal-planare Koordinationsgeometrie.
Morphological and biochemical alterations in reproductive tracts of neonatal female mice treated with the pesticide methoxychlor.

Effects of estradiol-17 beta and the estrogenicity of different doses of the technical grade pesticide methoxychlor were compared in the vagina, uterus, and oviducts of neonatal mice. Beginning within 24 h of birth, neonates received 10 daily i.p. injections of sesame oil vehicle, 10.0 micrograms estradiol, or 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg methoxychlor. Estradiol injections induced precocious vaginal opening, complete vaginal cornification, and increased total reproductive tract weight and its DNA content. In comparison to the controls, the three highest methoxychlor doses also significantly increased the weights of the reproductive tracts and stimulated their development. The two highest doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg) also induced precocious vaginal opening and complete vaginal cornification. In addition, the same two doses produced atypical cells in the uterus and oviducts that may be indicative of early dysplasia; similar atypia were not recorded following estradiol treatments. Total DNA content in various reproductive organs increased with increased methoxychlor dosages. Dose-response changes were observed in the oviduct and uterus but not vagina. In summary, methoxychlor stimulated the development of neonatal female reproductive tracts, even at concentrations not previously reported to be biologically active. Furthermore, the higher doses induced abnormalities that were not seen following estradiol treatment; these abnormalities may represent precursors of pathological changes.
GENERALIZATIONS FROM THE DISTINCTION OF PASSIVE AND ACTIVE AVOIDANCE

A wide variety of behavioral and physiological data were presented which were discrepant and unrelated without the use of two integrating hypotheses. The behavioral hypothesis was generalized from ...
A Simple γ-Backbone Modification Preorganizes Peptide Nucleic Acid into a Helical Structure

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analogue of DNA and RNA, developed more than a decade ago in which the naturally occurring sugar phosphate backbone has been replaced by the N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine units. Unlike DNA or RNA in the unhybridized state (single strand) which can adopt a helical structure through base-stacking, although highly flexible, PNA does not have a well-defined conformational folding in solution. Herein, we show that a simple backbone modification at the γ-position of the N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine unit can transform a randomly folded PNA into a helical structure. Spectroscopic studies showed that helical induction occurs in the C- to N-terminal direction and is sterically driven. This finding has important implication not only on the future design of nucleic acid mimics but also on the design of novel materials, where molecular organization and efficient electronic coupling are desired.
Hidden Convexity in QCQP with Toeplitz-Hermitian Quadratics

Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming (QCQP) has a broad spectrum of applications in engineering. The general QCQP problem is NP–Hard. This article considers QCQP with Toeplitz-Hermitian quadratics, and shows that it possesses hidden convexity: it can always be solved in polynomial-time via Semidefinite Relaxation followed by spectral factorization. Furthermore, if the matrices are circulant, then the QCQP can be equivalently reformulated as a linear program, which can be solved very efficiently. An application to parametric power spectrum sensing from binary measurements is included to illustrate the results.
Embryonic control of heart rate: Examining developmental patterns and temperature and oxygenation influences using embryonic avian models

Long-term measurements (days and weeks) of heart rate (HR) have elucidated infradian rhythms in chicken embryos and circadian rhythms in chicken hatchlings. However, such rhythms are lacking in emu embryos and only rarely observed in emu hatchlings. Parasympathetic control of HR (instantaneous heart rate (IHR) decelerations) occurs at ∼60% of incubation in both precocial and altricial avian embryos, with sympathetic control (IHR accelerations) becoming more prevalent close to hatching. A large increase in avian embryonic HR occurs during hatching (presumably an energetically expensive process, i.e. increased oxygen consumption M(O) ₂), beginning during pipping when a physical barrier to O(2) conductance is removed. Alterations in ambient O(2) have little effect on early embryonic HR, likely due to the low rate of M(O)₂ of early embryos and the fact that adequate O(2) delivery can occur via diffusion. As M(O)₂ increases in advanced embryos and circulatory convection becomes important for O(2) delivery, alterations in ambient O(2) have more profound effects on embryonic HR. Early embryos demonstrate a wide ambient temperature (T(a)) tolerance range compared with older embryos. In response to a rapid decrease in T(a), embryonic HR decreases (stroke volume and blood flow are preserved) in an exponential fashion to a steady state (from which it can potentially recover if re-warmed). A more severe decrease in T(a) results in complete cessation of HR; however, depending on developmental age, embryos are able to survive severe cold exposure and cessation of HR for up to 24h in some instances. The development of endothermy can be tracked by measuring baseline HR during T(a) changes. HR patterns change from thermo-conformity to thermoregulation (reverse to T(a) changes). Further, IHR low frequency oscillations mediated by the autonomic nervous system are augmented at low T(a)s in hatchlings. Transitions of baseline HR during endothermic development are unique to individual avian species (e.g. chickens, ducks and emu), reflecting differences in life history.
Isolation of two different molecular weight polypeptides copurifying with rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase.

Abstract An affinity chromotography resin highly specific for rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) has been synthesized and used in the purification of this enzyme. The structure of the resin, N -(5′-phosphopyridoxyl)- l -tyrosyl-aminoocytl-Sepharose 4B, was designed to resemble the tyrosine-pyridoxal phosphate Schiff's base intermediate in the reaction pathway catalyzed by this enzyme. Use of this resin in combination with octyl-agarose chromatography on partially purified enzyme resulted in a tyrosine aminotransferase preparation with a specific activity of about 450 units/mg protein. When analyzed on one-dimensional polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gels, the highly purified enzyme was composed of two polypeptides with molecular weights of about 56,000 and 53,000. Radioiodinated tryptic peptides from each of these polypeptides were essentially identical following two-dimensional analysis. Although the two polypeptides could not be separated from each other in an active form, it was found that (i) both polypeptides have pyridoxal phosphate-binding sites, (ii) the coenzyme is probably bound to both polypeptides as a Schiff's base, (iii) both polypeptides have binding sites for l -tyrosine and l -glutamic acid, the two specific substrates for the enzyme, and (iv) both polypeptides can catalyze the formation of the initial amino acid-pyridoxal phosphate Schiff's base adduct in the overall reaction pathway. Since the ratios of these polypeptides differed from preparation to preparation of purified enzyme, the 53,000 M r species probably arises by proteolysis of tyrosine aminotransferase in crude liver extracts. These results imply that if tyrosine aminotransferase isozymes exist, they are not the result of translation products produced by different structural genes.
Comparison of treadmill scores with physician estimates of diagnosis and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease.

Abstract Objective Our purpose was to compare exercise test scores and ST measurements with a physician's estimation of the probability of the presence and severity of angiographic disease and the risk of death. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association exercise testing guidelines provide equations to calculate treadmill scores and recommend their use to improve the predictive accuracy of the standard exercise test. However, if physicians can estimate the probability of coronary artery disease and prognosis as well as the scores, there is no reason to add this complexity to test interpretation. Methods A clinical exercise test was performed and an angiographic database was used to print patient summaries and treadmill reports. The clinical/treadmill test reports were sent to expert cardiologists and to 2 other groups, including randomly selected cardiologists and internists. They classified the patients summarized in the reports as having a high, low, or intermediate probability for the presence of any severe angiographic disease and estimated a numerical probability from 0% to 100%. The Social Security Death Index was used to determine survival status of the patients. Results Twenty-six percent of the patients had severe angiographic disease, and the annual mortality rate for the population was 2%. Forty-five expert cardiologists returned estimates on 473 patients, 37 randomly chosen practicing cardiologists returned estimates on 202 patients, 29 randomly chosen practicing internists returned estimates on 162 patients, 13 academic cardiologists returned estimates on 145 patients, and 27 academic internists returned estimates on 272 patients. When probability estimates for presence and severity of angiographic disease were compared, in general, the treadmill scores were superior to physicians' and ST analysis at predicting severe angiographic disease. When prognosis was estimated, treadmill prognostic scores did as well as expert cardiologists and better than most other physician groups. Conclusion Estimates of the presence of clinically significant and severe angiographic coronary artery disease provided by scores were superior to physician estimates and ST analysis alone. Estimates of prognosis provided by scores were similar to the estimates made by expert cardiologists and more accurate than the estimates made by most other physician groups. (Am Heart J 2002;143:650-8.)
Blood coagulation abnormalities in Fischer strain rats bearing tumors

This study reports an unusual subpopulation of rats bearing transplanted tumors approximately 50% of the total and apparently unrelated to the presence of metastases, that exhibited shortened bleeding times despite reduced platelet numbers and/or fibrinogen levels. The remaining rats exhibited the expected inverse relationships between bleeding time and platelet numbers and/or fibrinogen level. Tumors were hepatomas and squamous cell carcinomas initially induced in the Fischer strain of rats and carried by passage through tissue culture or syngenic recipient animals.
Ferrite materials for microwave applications at high peak-power levels

The theory of ferromagnetic resonance at high peak-power levels is briefly reviewed. Experimental results (mostly on polycrystals) concerning the threshold r.f. magnetic field and its dependence on composition, porosity, frequency, sample shape and temperature are presented. The data are in good qualitative agreement with recent theories of ferromagnetic relaxation. The relevance of the experimental results to device applications is pointed out.
Reversing hydride-ion formation in quantum-information experiments with Be +

We demonstrate photodissociation of ${\mathrm{BeH}}^{+}$ ions within a Coulomb crystal of thousands of ${}^{9}{\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ions confined in a Penning trap. Because ${\mathrm{BeH}}^{+}$ ions are created via exothermic reactions between trapped, laser-cooled ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}({}^{2}{P}_{3/2})$ and background ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ within the vacuum chamber, they represent a major contaminant species responsible for infidelities in large-scale trapped-ion quantum-information experiments. The rotational-state-insensitive dissociation scheme described here makes use of 157-nm photons to produce ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ and H as products, thereby restoring ${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ions without the need for reloading. This technique facilitates longer experiment runtimes at a given background ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ pressure and may be adapted for removal of ${\mathrm{MgH}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{AlH}}^{+}$ impurities.
Predictors of Home-Based Child Care Providers’ Participation in Professional Development Workshops and Coaching

Little is known about factors that influence home-based child care providers’ participation in professional development. Factors that predict participation in activities that are designed to promote the utilization and maintenance of skills taught are of particular interest. Our aim was to examine factors in the home-based child care context that might influence participation in professional development, including demographic variables, working conditions, preintervention skills and training, perceptions of workshop usefulness, and interpersonal factors such as job-related stress and depressive symptoms. In this exploratory study, we examined predictors of participation among 67 home-based child care providers in Oregon, USA, who took part in the intervention group of a randomized efficacy study on a multiphase professional development program to promote preschoolers’ positive social development. Latent class analysis of participation resulted in three distinct groups: those who participated in the initial three workshops (WS), those who participated in workshops plus maintenance activities (consultation and a booster session, WS+), and those with little to no participation (NP). The NP group was too small to include in further analysis. A multivariate logistic regression model with child care provider education, number of preschool-age children enrolled in care, child-to-caregiver ratio, and self-reported stress included as predictors significantly improved classification in the WS+ group compared to the WS group. These findings offer a preliminary look at the unique factors influencing home-based child care providers’ participation in extended professional development. Relevancy of content to child care providers’ situations appears to be important.
Tunable frequency combs for photonic applications

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) from a variety of laser sources have found applications in many areas of scientific interest in the last decade such as optical arbitrary waveform generation, optical signal processing and coherent communication[1], and multi-heterodyne spectroscopy [2]. OFCs consist of a set of discrete optical components with an individual finite linewidth and a fixed phase relationship. Several key characteristics make these sources extremely valuable for the above applications. Narrow linewidth OFC sources provide long coherence lengths for precision measurement, and wide, gigahertz scale comb spacings provide the necessary access to individual comblines for the aforementioned applications.
Ghost neutrons in the einstein-cartan theory of gravitation

Abstract Various restrictions on the curvature tensors of Einstein-Cartan spaces are found to imply the non-existence of ghost neutrinos in these spaces. A solution to the EC-Weyl equations characterized by Minkowski metric and nonzero curvature is exhibited.
Compensation for coarticulation reflects gesture perception, not spectral contrast.

This article reports three experiments designed to explore the basis for speech perceivers’ apparent compensations for coarticulation. In the first experiment, the stimuli were members of three /da/-to-/ga/ continua hybridized from natural speech. The monosyllables had originally been produced in disyllables/ada/ and /aga/ to make Continuum 1, /alda/ and /alga/ (Continuum 2), and /arda/ and /arga/ (Continuum 3). Members of the second and third continua were influenced by carryover coarticulation from the preceding /l/ or /r/ context. Listeners showed compensation for this carryover coarticulation in the absence of the precursor /al/ or /ar/ syllables. This rules out an account in which compensation for coarticulation reflects a spectral contrast effect exerted by a precursor syllable, as previously has been proposed by Lotto, Holt, and colleagues (e.g., Lotto, Kluender, & Holt, 1997; Lotto & Kluender, 1998). The second experiment showed an enhancing effect of the endpoint monosyllables in Experiment 1 on identifications of preceding natural hybrids along an /al/-to-/ar/ continuum. That is, coarticulatory /l/ and /r/ information in /da/ and /ga/ syllables led to increased judgments of /l/ and /r/, respectively, in the precursor /al/-to-/ar/ continuum members. This was opposite to the effect, in Experiment 3, of /da/and /ga/ syllables on preceding tones synthesized to range in frequency from approximately the endingF3 of /ar/ to the endingF3 of /al/. The enhancing, not contrastive, effect in Experiment 2, juxtaposed to the contrastive effect in Experiment 3, further disconfirms the spectral contrast account of compensation for coarticulation. A review of the literature buttresses that conclusion and provides strong support for an account that invokes listeners’ attention to information in speech for the occurrence of gestural overlap.
A novel mutation in the GLUT2 gene in a patient with Fanconi-Bickel syndrome detected by neonatal screening for galactosaemia.

Summary: A patient affected by Fanconi-Bickel syndrome detected by neonatal screening for galactosaemia is reported. Molecular studies of the GLUT2 gene led to the identification of a novel mutation of the glucose transporter protein.
Rescuing IT Outsourcing: Strategic Use of Service-Level Agreements

The authors offer practical guidelines for companies to effectively structure service-level agreements (SLAs) for successful IT outsourcing. Specifically, they describe how foundation accords of SLAs are important to operationally oriented outsourcing, whereas change accords nurture relationships intended to achieve strategic benefits.
A Review Of Recent Developments In Multiband Cameras

A number of recent developments in multiband cameras are discussed. In particular, descriptions are given of the 5065 camera used on Apollo 9, an optical multiplexing camera, the S190 camera for Skylab, and the return-beam-vidicon camera for the Earth Resources Technology Satellite. Also described are the use of an intensifier-vidicon storage tube system, a dispersing element and vidicon, an image dissector, and solid state arrays in four novel multiband cameras. The role of film and electro-optical multiband cameras in future space missions is discussed.© (1972) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dehydroepiandrosterone upregulates soluble guanylate cyclase and inhibits hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Objective : It has been reported that dehydroepiandrosterone is a pulmonary vasodilator and inhibits chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Additionally, dehydroepiandrosterone has been shown to improve systemic vascular endothelial function. Thus, we hypothesized that chronic treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone would attenuate hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by enhancing pulmonary artery endothelial function. Methods and results : Rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Three groups received food containing 0, 0.3, or 1% dehydroepiandrosterone during a 3-wk-exposure to simulated high altitude (HA). The other 2 groups were kept at Denver's low altitude (LA) and received food containing 0 or 1% dehydroepiandrosterone. Dehydroepiandrosterone dose-dependently inhibited hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressures after treatment with 0, 0.3, and 1% dehydroepiandrosterone=45±5, 33±2*, and 25±1*# mmHg, respectively. * P <0.05 vs. 0% and # vs. 0.3%). Dehydroepiandrosterone (1%, 3 wks) treatment started after rats had been exposed to 3-wk hypoxia also effectively reversed established hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary artery rings isolated from both LA and HA rats treated with 1% dehydroepiandrosterone showed enhanced relaxations to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, but not to 8-bromo-cGMP. In the pulmonary artery tissue from dehydroepiandrosterone-treated LA and HA rats, soluble guanylate cyclase, but not endothelial nitric oxide synthase, protein levels were increased. Conclusion : These results indicate that the protective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone against hypoxic pulmonary hypertension may involve upregulation of pulmonary artery soluble guanylate cyclase protein expression and augmented pulmonary artery vasodilator responsiveness to nitric oxide.
Marital status and age at natural menopause: considering pheromonal influence.

Married women generally report a later mean age at menopause. The results reported here, from a study carried out in Greene County, New York, are no exception. Married and widowed women report a later mean age at natural menopause compared to single and divorced women (P < 0.05). To better understand the relationship between marital status and age at menopause, possible mechanistic and confounding variables are examined, in particular parity, sexual activity, smoking habits, level of education, and income. Parity and income 10 years prior to interview are significant factors, along with marital status, that explain part of the variation in age at natural menopause. An alternative explanation is the pheromonal influence of a male in the household. This would explain the consistency of results across populations. This pilot study supports further biochemical investigation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 13:479–485, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
(7-Ile) angiotensin III: a relatively selective antagonist of angiotensin steroidogenesis.

Abstract The effects of (7-Ile) angiotensin III (AIII) and (1-Sar-8-Ile) angiotensin II (AII) on the pressor and steroidogenic effects of angiotensin were compared in conscious rats. (1-Sar-8-Ile) AII (500 ng/kg/min) equally inhibited the pressor responses of AII, AIII and (des-1-Asp) AI by 99% (P
Monotone Subsequences in Any Dimension

We exhibit sequences ofnpoints inddimensions with no long monotone subsequences, by which we mean when projected in a general direction, our sequence has no monotone subsequences of lengthn+dor more. Previous work proved that this function ofnwould lie betweennand 2n; this paper establishes that the coefficient ofnis one. This resolves the question of how the Erdos?Szekeres result that a (one-dimensional) sequence has monotone subsequences of at mostngeneralizes to higher dimensions.
The Partisan Content of Candidate Messages in US Senate Elections

AbstractThis paper analyzes the partisan messages of US Senate campaign advertisements. Using data from 2000 to 2004, we measure the levels of partisan cues and “owned” issue mentions in US Senate campaigns. We hypothesize that campaigns are likely to use campaign communications involving partisan cues and owned issues when national and local conditions favor one of the parties. Our results recognize some variation in campaign strategies, providing strong evidence that candidates, political parties, and outside groups respond differently to local and national conditions when cueing party labels and party-owned issues.
The amphipod Gammarus minus has larger eyes in freshwater springs with numerous fish predators

. Intraspecific variation in eye size in relation to ecological factors has not been well studied. Here, for the first time, we show that larger eyes in a freshwater crustacean may be associated with the presence of predators. In central Pennsylvania (USA), individuals of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus minus have significantly larger eyes in two freshwater springs with numerous fish predators (Cottus cognatus) than in three springs with few or no fish predators. Although we do not know the precise causes of these differences, this study and previous work on cave populations of G. minus suggest that eye size is an evolutionarily malleable trait that may respond to multiple selection pressures, either directly or indirectly. Three plausible explanations for the eye-size variation observed among our study populations include (1) larger eyes may enable amphipods to better detect and avoid fish predators, (2) fish predation favors nocturnal or shallow interstitial activity that is facilitated by larger, more light-sensitive eyes, or (3) the presence of fishes is associated with other environmental factors that may favor relatively large eyes. Available evidence suggests that the first hypothesis is the most viable explanation, but further study is required.