cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The problem of defining values for design: a lack of common ground between industry and academia?

The HCI community recognizes the importance of value-centric design methodologies as reflected in the number of publications on the topic in recent years. However, the adoption of these methodologies by industry has been slower than desirable. This paper seeks to uncover potential reasons behind this slow adoption by investigating the concept of "values" among individuals working as designers in various industries. Based on a survey of these design industry professionals, this paper reports that design professionals believe they do consider values in their design and hence may not see a need for a specific value-sensitive methodology. While design professionals clearly consider personal, social, and economic values in their work, there may be a lack of consideration of moral values. Implications and further findings are discussed.
Interaction of covalently closed circular PM-2 DNA and hedamycin.

Abstract The interaction of hedamycin with covalently closed circular PM-2 DNA was examined. Hedamycin produced strand breakage detectable in alkaline sucrose gradients. Under neutral conditions hedamycin inhibited ethidium bromide binding and induced conformational changes in PM-2 DNA.
Progesterone secretion by corpora lutea of the isolated perfused rabbit ovary during pseudopregnancy.

An ovarian in vitro perfusion method was adapted to examine rabbit corpus luteum (CL) function during pseudo pregnancy. Ovaries were perfused in vitro with tissue culture Medium 199 with or without 3% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Samples were obtained from both arterial and venous cannulae, allowing rates of progesterone secretion to be determined. Two perfusion methods were compared: a closed system in which perfusion medium continuously recirculated through the tissue, and an open system in which the ovarian vein cannula was left outside the perfusion chamber. The addition of 3% BSA was found to prevent edema and distortion of the interstitial space, and to result in increased progesterone secretion. With the closed perfusion system, the progesterone secretion rate measured over the 6-h perfusion was significantly higher on Day 11 than on Day I of pseudopregnancy and had declined significantly on Day 18. There was no difference in secretion rates whether the perfusion system was open or closed, and the results obtained with both systems closely approximated in vivo progesterone secretion rates. Measurements of CL tissue progesterone content before and after in vitro perfusion indicated that the changes in progesterone secretion seen during pseudopregnancy resulted from differences in the synthesis and secretion of progesterone and not from leakage of progesterone already present in the CL prior to perfusion. Taken together, these results indicate that the modified in vitro perfused rabbit ovary preparation described herein is an appropriate model to examine progesterone secretion by ovaries bearing CL.
Incorporation of chemical equilibrium, physico-chemical reactions and the simulation of inorganic qualities in a reservoir ecologic model

Abstract A water-quality reservoir model, referred to as LAKECO, consisting of primarily biochemical and physical reactions was expanded to include six additional inorganic variables and some physico-chemical reactions. A chemical equilibrium program, CHEMRXN, was developed which distributes total concentrations of inorganic variables into free, complexed and precipitate forms, and merged into LAKECO to form the new expanded model referred to as LAKECOI. Subsequent to this, calibration and validation of LAKECOI with Lake Lyndon B. Johnson, Texas, data was carried out. Calibration data from LAKECOI studies were applied to LAKECO for comparative purposes. LAKECO is a reservoir ecologic model consisting of 18 variables which undergo predominantly biochemical-biological reactions. The six inorganic variables were added because of their significance in assessing water quality. These were Ca, Mg, Fe, SiO2, SO4 and F. Physico-chemical reactions incorporated included precipitation and resolubilization, diffusion of ions from sediments or weathering, complexation and adsorption of phosphorus onto Ca and Fe precipitates and bottom sediments. In addition, two original variables in LAKECO, TDS and alkalinity, were converted to non-conservative substance. Calibration results indicated chemical equilibrium was a proper assumption on some occasions such as the simulation of surface phosphorus, but not in others such as pH. Consideration of the zero-order diffusion of ions reaction from sediments was found to be appropriate in simulating PO4, NH3, SiO2, Ca, Mg and Fe. Good simulation of algae was possible in LAKECOI with modifications to the original algae model. Results for TDS, SO4 and surface nitrogen indicate a major reaction removing ions from surface waters to the epilimnion may not have been considered. Results of sensitivity studies indicate that the precipitate settling rate and ion diffusion rate from sediments may have a significant effect on model results.
Adorno on Education or, Can Critical Self-Reflection Prevent the Next Auschwitz?

This article presents Theodor W. Adorno's concept of education, the basis of which is critical self-reflection. It argues that a close reading of Adorno's various writings on education yields a theory of critical self-reflection that is not simply introspection but an analysis of the social totality. Beginning with Adorno's assessment of education within capitalism – which is always a critique of capitalism itself – the article moves through his concept of critical self-reflection, and concludes by reassessing his claim that an education for critical self-reflection offers the strongest barrier to the recurrence of Auschwitz.
Method of calculation and tables of optothermal coefficients and thermal diffusivities for glass

In a lens system a temperature change has the effect of changing the index of refraction and the geometry of the lens elements. In addition, after a temperature change the lens takes some time to stabilize. As a consequence the optical properties of the nominal lens system change. We review the concepts of the opto-thermal coefficient and of the thermal diffusivity, and provide a method for their rapid calculation in lens design software. We also provide tables of these coefficients that are needed in a lens tolerancing analysis.
DEVELOPMENT OF PRE‐INSTRUCTION VERSUS PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE: EFFECTS ON FACTUAL AND INFERENTIAL COMPREHENSION

Fifth and ninth grade students distinguished on whether or not they had club soccer experience read a narrative text describing a soccer game. Prior to reading, individuals received either soccer or nonsoccer (control) pre-reading instruction. Experience and age had a significant effect on soccer-related and nonsoccer-related factual comprehension scores. Pre-reading soccer instruction was found to have a significant effect on nonsoccer inferences. A second order interaction indicated that younger subjects' experience facilitated soccer-related inference question scores only when they also received soccer pre-instruction. For older individuals, experience was beneficial for soccer inference questions, independent of type of pre-instruction. The results are interpreted as indicating that prior experience has a more powerful effect on both factual and inferential comprehension than pre-reading instruction. The developmental interaction indicates that younger individuals need to have relevant knowledge exter...
Analyzing Periodic Signals in Rotating Pin-on-Disc Tribotest Measurements Using Discrete Fourier Transform Algorithm

In rotating pin-on-disc tribometer testing, friction coefficient data often contains various periodic components. The periodic oscillation in the measured signal can be caused by unleveled sample mounting or inhomogeneous sample surfaces along the measurement track. In any case, the periodic components need to be separated from the constant or stochastic friction signals in order to observe either the fine features of the friction coefficient or the evolution of wear characteristics. For this purpose, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm can be used to process the data and separate the periodic components from the raw friction signal. This study demonstrates how the DFT method can enhance the analysis of pin-on-disc friction coefficient data to eliminate the artifact due to uneven sample mounting, detect the sample inhomogeneity, and follow the wear of the surface. The DFT method works much better in separating and removing the periodic noises than the commonly used box smoothing method.
Clinical applications of ultrasonic instrumentation in the surgical removal of bone

The clinical use of ultrasonic inserts in the surgical removal of alveolar bone has been evaluated. Surgical applications included the removal of 19 teeth and the osseous management of periodontal disease in 50 cases. Histologic material was provided by resected bone fragments attached by periodontal tissues in anatomic relation to removed teeth. Microscopic observations of sections revealed that planed surfaces of bone were smooth, while incised edges were irregular. Evidence for residual debris was absent. No alterations in adjacent lacunar osteocytes, vascular channels, and underlying periodontal tissues were noted in clinical use, the ultrasonic inserts were found to remove bone with ease and preciseness. Hemorrhage from surgical sites was minimal or absent. Healing of tissues was uneventful with no postoperative complications encountered. Patients reported minimal discomfort during and following the surgical application of this instrumentation.
Defining a Minimal Computational Unit for Cerebellar Long-Term Depression

Abstract In cerebellar long-term depression (LTD), conjunctive stimulation of parallel and climbing fiber inputs to a Purkinje neuron (PN) results in a selective depression of parallel fiber–PN synaptic strength. A similar phenomenon may be induced in the cultured PN when glutamate pulses and PN depolarization, which mimic the effects of parallel and climbing fibers, respectively, are coapplied. Here, we show that LTD can be induced in two very reduced preparations of the postsynaptic neuron; an acutely dissociated preparation and a perforated outside-out macropatch of dendritic membrane. LTD in these preparations retains properties of that seen in an intact cultured PN in that it is not induced by either glutamate pulses or depolarization alone and requires calcium influx, mGluR activation, and PKC activation for induction. As both of these preparations lack dendritic spine compartments, these findings suggest that the associative nature of LTD induction does not require this level of morphological organization.
Dynamic Compression of Earth Materials

Shock wave techniques have been used to investigate the pressuredensity relations of metals, silicates, and oxides over the entire range of pressures present in the earth (3.7 x 10^6 bars at the center). In many materials of geophysical interest, such as iron, wustite, calcium oxide, and forsterite, major shock-induced phase changes dominate the compression behavior below pressures of 10^6 bars. The shock wave data for the high-pressure phases of these minerals lead to important inferences about the composition of the lower mantle and outer, liquid core of the earth. The lower mantle of the earth appears to have a slightly higher density than is inferred to correspond to the behavior of an olivine-rich assembiage of the same composition as the upper mantle. The core has a density some 10 percent less than that of pure iron and may have 9 to 12 percent sulfur or about 8 percent oxygen by weight.
Warfare Regulation: A Cross-Cultural Test of Hypotheses Among Trlbal Peoples:

This paper is an empirical attempt to test some theories which suggest that there are causal-functional relationships between the dependent vari ables peacemaking and peace stability on the one hand and certain inde pendent cariables, such as political complexity, warrior class, warfare ob jectives, cultural homology, and intersocietal ties, on the other hand. Significant relationships were found to exist for the last three independent variables, using a random sample from the HRAF.
Liapunov stability of the diffusive Lotka-Volterra equations

Abstract A nonlinear stability analysis of the diffusive Lotka-Volterra (L-V) systemof equations with m interacting species is presented. A global stability method is used with two different Liapunov functions, one based on the constant of motion in the phase plane and the other on an energy-like functional. The diffusive system with zero-flux boundary conditions is always stable for different positive diffusion coefficients, and the role of diffusion is to damp out all spatial variations. Stability is also obtained for symmetric diffusive competition equations. The derived energy stability bound delineates a region of certain stability where inhomogeneities are excluded for large enough diffusion coefficients when constant-concentration boundary conditions are imposed.
Malignant self-regard: Accounting for commonalities in vulnerably narcissistic, depressive, self-defeating, and masochistic personality disorders

Several personality disorders (PDs) have been of interest in the clinical literature, yet failed to have been adequately represented in the diagnostic manuals. Some of these are masochistic, self-defeating, depressive, and narcissistic PDs. The theoretical and empirical relationships among these disorders are reviewed. It is proposed that a particular type of self-structure, malignant self-regard (MSR), may account for similarities among all of them and provide a better framework upon which to understand the nature of these personality types and their discrimination from related constructs. Subsequently, a questionnaire to assess MSR was created and evaluated for its psychometric properties. The measure was found to be reliable (Cronbach's alpha=.93) and valid, given its correlations with measures of self-defeating, depressive, and vulnerably narcissistic personalities (rs range from .66 to .76). MSR also can be meaningfully differentiated from a nomological network of related constructs, including neuroticism, extraversion, depression, and grandiose narcissism. The utility of assessing self-structures, such as MSR, in the diagnostic manuals is discussed.
The role of hyaluronic acid in intercellular adhesion of cultured mouse cells

Abstract Aggregation of cultured mouse cells was measured by the rate of disappearance of particles from a suspension of single cells. Treatment with several enzymes which degrade hyaluronic acid (testicular hyaluronidase, streptomyces hyaluronidase, streptococcal hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC) inhibited the aggregation of SV-3T3 and several other cell types. Since streptomyces and streptococcal hyaluronidases are specific for hyaluronic acid, it is suggested that hyaluronic acid is involved in the observed aggregation. Hyaluronidase-induced inhibition of aggregation was complete in the absence of divalent cations, but only partial in their presence. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that two separate mechanisms are responsible for aggregation; one dependent upon and the other independent of calcium and magnesium. Aggregation was also inhibited by high levels of hyaluronic acid. A similar effect was obtained with fragments of hyaluronic acid consisting of six sugar residues or more. Chondroitin (desulfated chondroitin 6-sulfate) and to a lesser extent desulfated dermatan sulfate also inhibited aggregation. Other glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, heparin and heparan sulfate) had little or no effect on aggregation. It is suggested that the hyaluronic acid inhibits aggregation by competing with endogenous hyaluronic acid for cell surface binding sites.
Structure and mechanism of oscillatory convection in a cube of fluid-saturated porous material heated from below

(Received 29 January 1990 and in revised form 29 March 1991) The transition from steady to oscillatory three-dimensional convection in a cube of saturated porous material is calculated to occur at Rayleigh number R = 584 due to seven pairs of thermal blobs which circulate around the cube. This travelling wave instability is shown to be closely related, first as regards structural characteristics and then as regards mechanism of instability, to an analogous instability in two dimensions. The correspondence with the two-dimensional flow is established via a correspondence with a nonlinear base flow in a box of square planform of a different aspect ratio (1/42) and ultimately derives from the symmetries of the base flow in the cube.
Variation within the vat(E) allele of Enterococcus faecium isolates from retail poultry samples.

In a survey of retail meat samples, twelve quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant (MICs, ≥4 mg/liter) Enterococcus faecium isolates that carried a vat (E) gene were recovered. DNA sequence comparison revealed five new variations in the vat (E) allele among 12 isolates, which were designated vat (E-4) through vat (E-8); two isolates had vat (E-1). There was no correlation between the number of base changes and the quinupristin-dalfopristin MIC.
New horizons in combination drug therapy for hypercholesterolemia.

A modest number of hypolipidemic drugs are currently available, and their use as single agents frequently fails to adequately control patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. Combined-drug regimens
The integration of emotional availability into a developmental psychopathology framework: reflections on the Special Section and future directions.

We appreciate both the opportunity to co-edit this Special Section of Development and Psychopathology and the thoughtful commentaries provided by Marjorie Beeghly, Marc Bornstein, Robert Emde, and David Oppenheim. Their commentaries review historical perspectives, provide new insights, and suggest future horizons for the study of emotional availability (EA) within a developmental psychopathology framework. Along with the collection of empirical studies in this Special Section, they begin to chart a course for further growth and integration of EA into the field of developmental psychopathology. Taking stock of the research on EA, we realize that there is now a sufficient corpus to suggest that research focusing on this construct, as operationalized by the EA Scales (Biringen, Robinson, & Emde, 1998) is entering a more mature phase of inquiry. In the last 14 years, research on EA, including several special journal issues on the topic (see Biringen & Easterbrooks, 2008; Easterbrooks & Biringen, 2000, 2005, 2009), has explored the methodological concerns, reliability, and validity of the EA Scales and application across different samples and ages. This “critical mass” of knowledge (more than 100 peer-reviewed publications) supports the current focus on asking incisive questions for the field of developmental psychopathology (Cicchetti & Toth, 1995, 2009).
On the Measurement of Infrasound

Summary The physical properties and propagation characteristics of atmospheric infrasound determine the techniques and instrumentation used for its measurement. The physical properties which influence the design of the measurement system for infrasound are summarized, and the techniques and instrumentation used for measurement are described. Propagation over long distances is influenced by temperature gradients and winds. Therefore a network of infrasonic stations has been established on a world-wide basis to carry on propagation researches. Investigators at the observatories have identified various geoacoustical sources of infrasound. This paper provides a description of the basic measurement system used at all of the stations in the network. We are concerned with the measurement of infrasound in the atmosphere, i.e. sound waves whose frequencies of oscillation are less than the lowest audible frequency (about 15 Hz). Of particular interest are those waves whose oscillation periods lie in the range of 1 *O-lOOO s, because such waves propagate for distances of thousands of kilometres without substantial loss of energy. Sounds at these frequencies are almost always present at measurable intensities. Those of natural origin have many causes, including volcanic explosions, earthquakes, waves on the seas, and large meteorites. Severe storms and the aurora in the northern hemisphere are often accompanied by infrasound. Man-made sources include powerful explosions and the shock waves from vehicles moving through the atmosphere at supersonic speeds, at altitudes below about 125 km. Brief preliminary descriptions of the basis for an infrasonic measurement system and for its design have already been published (Cook & Young 1962; Cook 1969). Here we review the earlier brief descriptions and provide a fuller definition of the techniques and basic instrumentation for measurement of infrasound. The passage of an infrasonic wave causes pressure oscillations as it traverses the atmosphere. For infrasound of natural origin, the amplitude p of the sound pressure is often in the range of 0.1-100dyncm-2, and infrasonic microphones are usually designed to respond to such pressures (the atmospheric pressure Po x lo6 dyn crn-'). Experience has shown that infrasonic waves observed at a station are approximately plane, propagating in a direction which is usually almost parallel to the Earth's surface. The several microphones at a station are all on the Earth's surface, and the speed of a line of constant phase for a sound wave travelling over the Earth's surface can be determined from the output of the several microphones. This speed c,, is usually
How does the first year tilling a long-term no-tillage field impact soluble nutrient losses in runoff?

Conservation tillage practices are commonly used to reduce erosion; however, infields that have been in no-tillage (NT) for long periods, compaction from traffic can restrict infiltration. Rotational tillage (RT) is a common practice that producers use in the central corn-belt of the United States, and could potentially reduce soluble nutrient loads to surface waters. The objectives of this study were to determine the first year impacts of converting from long-term NT to (RT) on N and P losses through runoff. Plots (2 m � 1 m) were constructed in twofields that had been in NT corn‐soybean rotation for the previous 15 years. One field remained in NT management, while RT was initiated prior to planting corn in the other field using a soil finisher. Variable-intensity rainfall simulations occurred before and after fertilization with urea (224 kg N ha � 1 ) and triple superphosphate (112 kg P ha � 1 ). Rainfall was simulated at (1) 50 mm h � 1 for 50 min; (2) 75 mm h � 1 for 15 min; (3) 25 mm h � 1 for 15 min; (4) 100 mm h � 1 for 15 min. Runoff volumes and nutrient (NH4-N, NO3-N and dissolved P [DP]) concentrations were greater from the NT field than the RT field before and after fertilization. Dissolved P concentrations in runoff prior to fertilization were greater during the 50 mm h � 1 rainfall period (0.09 mg L � 1 ) compared to the other periods (0.03 mg L � 1 ). Nutrient concentrations increased by 10‐100-fold when comparing samples taken after fertilization to those taken prior to fertilization. Nutrient loads were greater prior to and after fertilization from the NT treatment. Prior to fertilization, NT resulted in 83 g ha � 1 greater NH4-N and 32.4 g ha � 1 greater dissolved P losses than RT treatment. After fertilization, NT was observed to lose 5.3 kg ha � 1 more NH4-N, 1.3 kg ha � 1 more NO3-N, and 2.4 kg ha � 1 more dissolved P than RT. It is typically difficult to manage land to minimize P and N losses simultaneously; however, in the short term, tillage following long-term NT resulted in lowering the risk of transport of soluble N and P to surface water. Published by Elsevier B.V.
ENTRE LA IGUALDAD Y LA EFICIENCIA EN MATERIA SANITARIA

This work considers the allocation methods of scarce medical resources budgeted for "health economics". Cost- benefit models and the criteria QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life-Years) are analyzed as allocation methods that propose to resolve ethical dilemmas related to an economic distribution that seems to prioritize efficient results over more equitable, but inefficient, results.
A 2-minute pre-extubation protocol for ventilated intensive care unit patients.

BACKGROUND: Clinicians often are challenged with safely predicting the optimal time of extubation for ventilated patients. Commonly used weaning parameters have poor positive predictive value for successful extubation. METHODS: A total of 213 intubated patients in our 20-bed surgical intensive care unit were enrolled in a trial to test a prospective, observational, 2-minute extubation protocol (TMEP). Daily measurements were obtained on all intubated patients who met criteria, which included adequate oxygenation, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, Glasgow Coma Score greater than 10t, absence of significant metabolic/respiratory acidosis, and absence of therapeutic or neurologic paralysis. During TMEP, endotracheally intubated patients were physically disconnected from the ventilator for a 2-minute period of observation while spontaneously breathing room air. Patients were extubated if they tolerated the trial without clinically significant desaturation or alteration of vital signs or mental status. RESULTS: The TMEP reliably predicted successful extubations in 203 of 213 patients (95.3%). Patients who required reintubation had a longer intensive care unit stay and a longer hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: TMEP is a simple and reliable method of predicting successful extubation.
What Is a Big Dumb Object

To understand applications of Rem Koolhaas's concept of “Bigness,” I place it alongside concepts from science fiction criticism and Gestalt perception theory. There are multiple connections between methods used by OMA and means employed in science fiction: collection of diverse programs within ambiguous figures, overwhelming of critical faculties with wonder and scale, extrapolation of complications from first order technological change, and the proliferation of new forms of independent existences in the world. The history of the use, in architecture of the figure-ground drawing, first popularized by Danish psychologist Edgar Rubin, and Danish architect Steen Eiler Rasmussen, provides a backstory for the political effects of both “Bigness” and the science fictional Big Dumb Object. I show that there is an isomorphism between the way OMA's work is presented, in S,M,L,XL and subsequent books, and in the presentation and reception of the book itself.
High temperature photonic crystal fiber tip sensor

We demonstrate a temperature sensor consisting of a 2-dimensional, Silicon (Si), Photonic Crystal (PC) attached to the facet of a standard single-mode optical fiber. The 2-D PC sensors are fabricated on standard Si wafers, using a single mask and a combination of isotropic and anisotropic etching, and micro-assembled onto the facets of the optical fibers by Si-welding. The temperature of the Si-PC sensor is monitored by measuring its reflectance spectrum in the 1250 nm to 1650 nm wavelength range. The measured reflectivity peak shifts from 100°C to 700°C is 0.1036 nm/°C. The observed spectral shift and temperature sensitivity are significantly higher than other high-temperature fiber Bragg grating sensors, and comparable to long-period fiber gratings sensors. The high sensitivity along with the compactness and robustness gives these sensors the strong potential for use in harsh environments.
Traumatic Events, Health Outcomes, and Health Care Use in Patients with Fibromyalgia

Objective: Fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] is a chronic condition that is resistant to treatment and has no known cause. However, researchers have hypothesized a number of possible antecedents, including traumatic events. The present study examined the relationship between the occurrence and perceived severity of different traumatic events, health outcomes, and health care use in patients with FMS.Methods: Participants were 600 members [95% females, 85% Caucasian, mean age = 54] of a health maintenance organization who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for FMS. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess a patient's trauma history. The dependent variables included health status, sleep, pain, depression, and health care utilization.Results: Ninety-one percent of the participants reported experiencing at least one traumatic event prior to the onset of FMS symptoms. The average number of events experienced was 3.6 [SD = 2.3] and, using a 10-point scale, the average severity rating was 7....
Sputtering and Ion-Source Technology

Sputtering is dependent on a number of projectile and target parameters. It is shown that the dependence of the sputtering yield on projectile energy, angle of incidence and atomic number is well understood. Also, the dependence on the bulk properties of the target is described reasonably well by theory, while the dependence on the actual surface topography of the target is difficult to quantify. Positive-ion sources mainly depend on the number of atoms sputtered per incoming ion (sputtering yield), while also energy- and angular-distributions of the sputtered material are of primary importance for negative-ion sources. These distributions are reasonably well known and allow a direct calculation of the emittance of some negative-ion sources.
Importance of direct determination of amino acid co- and counter-transport stoichiometries.

The stoichiometry of amino acid transport with co- or counter-substrates of a given system has been found to vary with the amino acid species. This phenomenon has been studied directly in only a few cases, however, by measuring the fluxes of the substrates simultaneously. More frequently, the apparent transport stoichiometries of single amino acid species with co- or counter-substrates are estimated indirectly by thermodynamic criteria or cooperative kinetic effects. Unfortunately the latter indirect mea-sures of apparent stoichiometry often yield different results than direct measurement of simultaneous fluxes. These differences often cannot be explained by uncoupled transport of one of the co- or counter-substrates or by other characteristics of the transport process that would make the direct measurement of stoichiometry inaccurate. For these reasons, investigators are encouraged to measure the stoichiometry of transport directly by measuring simultaneous fluxes of co- and counter-substrates. Indirect measures of apparent stoichiometry may, however, reflect important details of a transport mechanism even if they are inconsistent with the actual stoichiometry of transport.
Operative Risk Stratification and Predictors for Long- Term Outcome in Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis

To the Editor: We would like to congratulate Monin et al1 for their important multicenter study concerning risk stratification for valve replacement in low-gradient aortic stenosis using dobutamine echocardiography. It is possible that the lack of correlation in their study between the presence of previous myocardial infarction (MI) and perioperative mortality (a correlation that we did find in our study2) occurred because of a difference in our patient populations (the average ejection fraction of their patients was 31%, and that of our patients was 21%). In our patient population, 90% of the perioperative deaths occurred in …
Demonstration Project of Interoperability Between UC Digital Law Libraries and Legal Clinical Training Opportunities Based in California County Law Libraries

David A. Greenbaum, then Director, Interactive University Project, UC Berkeley provided the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation with a report of work undertaken by UC Berkeley, Indiana University, Stanford University, and the UC California Digital Library to plan a demonstration project of digital library and educational technology interoperability. The work on which that report was based was conducted from August to September 2004 with the generous support of a $12,000 Officer’s Grant. This proposal revisits some of the core concepts outlined in that preliminary work and suggests a demonstration project wherein a UC-based digital law library partners with an existing County Law Library to offer legal clinical education and training. For discussion purposes only, the present proposal posits a relationship between the Hugh and Hazel Darling Law Library at UCLA Law and the LA Law Library. In reality, productive public university - public agency partnerships could be formed at any UC Law School (UC Berkeley - Alameda County; UC Irvine - Orange County; UC Hastings - San Francisco County; UC Davis - Yolo / Sacramento County). The fullest realization would be to leverage a common digital library platform to offer clinical training on “retail” level legal problems which many patrons of the county law library must confront on a pro se footing (bankruptcy, foreclosure, divorce separation in both marital and domestic partnership arrangements and the formation of sole proprietorship or limited liability businesses). Mr. Greenbaum is presently the Director, Data Services a unit at UC Berkeley that provides stewardship of both academic and administrative data, as well as tools for data presentation, visualization, analysis, and collaboration.
Petrology and provenance of a very‐low‐titanium picrite clast in lunar highland regolith breccia 15295

Clast 100 in regolith breccia 15295 could be a key to resolving the relationship(s) between mare basalts and lunar picritic glasses. The clast is basaltic, with texture, mineralogy, mineral compositions, and calculated bulk composition suggesting that it crystallized in a thick lava flow or shallow intrusive body from a very-low-titanium (VLT) basaltic magma. The estimated bulk composition of clast 15295,100 is primitive (i.e., magnesian) compared to those of known VLT basalts, and is very close to those of VLT picritic green glasses, especially the Apollo 14 A green glass. From these similarities, we infer that clast 15295,100 is a crystalline product of a picritic magma similar to the Apollo 14 A glass. Clementine and M3 remotely sensed data of the lunar surface were used to find areas that have chemical compositions consistent with those of clast 15295,100, not only near the Apollo 15 site, but in a broad region surrounding the site. Two regions are consistent with clast's 15295,100 compositional data. The larger region is in southern Mare Imbrium, and a smaller region is in the eastern half of Sinus Aestuum. These locations should be considered as candidates for future missions focusing on sample science.
Project Initiation and Termination: Moments of Decision—Summary of a Symposium

A stimulating one-day symposium on “Project Initiation and Termination; Moments of Decision”, sponsored by the TMS Engineering Management Committee, was held on October 16, 1968 during the Fall Meeting of The Metallurgical Society in Detroit, Michigan. In order to promote free and candid presentation of actual procedures and case histories there was no requirement that the papers be written or released for publication. Therefore, at the request of the editor the following summary of the meeting has been prepared. The writer is grateful for the assistance of the speakers and other committee members in preparing this summary. However, he takes full responsibility if he has not been completely successful in eliminating his personal viewpoints from his reporting of controversial topics.
Dix ans de contrôles, réparations et remplacements de couvercles de cuves

La decouverte d'une fuite primaire localisee au niveau du couvercle de cuve de la tranche 3 de BUGEY lors d'une reepreuve hydraulique reglementaire du circuit primaire, ainsi que le caractere generique de cet incident ont entraine d'importantes operations qui se poursuivent aujourd'hui encore. L'article qui suit retrace plus de 10 ans de controles, reparations et remplacements de couvercle de cuve sur des tranches francaises ainsi qu'a l'exportation.
Tolerance-Maps for Line-Profiles Constructed From Boolean Operations on Primitive T-Map Elements

For purposes of automating the assignment of tolerances during design, a math model, called the Tolerance-Map (T-Map), has been produced for most of the tolerance classes that are used by designers. Each T-Map is a hypothetical point-space that represents the geometric variations of a feature in its tolerance-zone. Of the six tolerance classes defined in the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards, only one attempt has been made at modeling line-profiles [1], and the method used is an intuitive kinematic description of the allowable displacements of the middle-sized profile within its tolerance-zone. The objective of this paper is to describe an alternative method of construction, one that is much more amenable to computer automation, to obtain the T-Map of any line-profile.Tolerances on line-profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, even mildly twisted ones such as those on turbine or compressor blades. Such tolerances limit geometric manufacturing variations to a specified two-dimensional tolerance-zone, i.e. an area, the boundaries to which are curves parallel to the true profile. The single profile tolerance may be used to control position, orientation, and form of the profile.The new method requires decomposing a profile into segments, creating a solid-model T-Map primitive for each, and then combining these by the Boolean intersection to generate the T-Map for a complete line profile of any shape. To economize on length, the scope of this paper is limited to line-profiles having any polygonal shape.© 2013 ASME
A Note on the Geometric Configuration of Seismogenic Zones

An empirical classification scheme, based upon a length to thickness ratio, is developed to describe the geometric configuration of seismogenic zones as planar, tabular, or volumnar. That scheme is applied to 33 recent, high-quality studies of seismicity patterns and aftershock studies in the contiguous United States, Alaska, Canada, Nicaragua, Argentina, Guinea (West Africa), Algeria, Italy, Iran, and New Zealand. The classification results show that the majority (49%) of the seismogenic zones examined are volumnar, 39% are tabular, and only 12% are planar.
A dosimeter for every dacha

A wealth of radiation horror stories, first from emigres and now from the Soviet mass media and even official sources, suggests that the Soviet public's growing nuclear fears are justified.
New probe of magnetic fields in the pre-reionization epoch. II. Detectability

In the first paper of this series, we proposed a novel method to probe large–scale intergalactic magnetic fields during the cosmic Dark Ages, using 21–cm tomography. This method relies on the effect of spin alignment of hydrogen atoms in a cosmological setting, and on the effect of magnetic precession of the atoms on the statistics of the 21-cm brightness-temperature fluctuations. In this paper, we forecast the sensitivity of future tomographic surveys to detecting magnetic fields using this method. For this purpose, we develop a minimum-variance estimator formalism to capture the characteristic anisotropy signal using the two-point statistics of the brightness-temperature fluctuations. We find that, depending on the reionization history, and subject to the control of systematics from foreground subtraction, an array of dipole antennas in a compact-grid configuration with a collecting area slightly exceeding one square kilometer can achieve a 1σ detection of ∼10^(−21) Gauss comoving (scaled to present-day value) within three years of observation. Using this method, tomographic 21–cm surveys could thus probe ten orders of magnitude below current cosmic microwave background constraints on primordial magnetic fields, and provide exquisite sensitivity to large-scale magnetic fields in situ at high redshift.
Thermal Analysis of Board-Level Circuit Based on ANSYS and Its Layout Optimization Design

In order to predict the heat problem of electronic system in the design stage,by using ANSYS to build and load a board-level circuit model,the temperature field distribution has been obtained. Through the component layout optimization analysis,a suitable scheme emerged with a good performance. The temperature distribution was analysed and contrasted with the cooling measures. According to the analysis of the results of the heat design of board-level circuit,a reasonable proposal of the layout of the components on the PCB was put forward.
Nursing observation about reduction of pulmonary complications induced by pulmonary loborectory by erpidural self controlled analgesia(PCEA)

Objective:To observate therapeutic effect of reduction of complications following loberectomy by PCEA. Method:In experiment group,we use self controlled medicine pump,composition include 0.125% bubicaine 150ml+fentanyl 0.3mg+huloperidol 5mg;In control group,we only use peptidine and morphine for anal gesia,observate for coughing,removal of pleural closure drainage duct,inspiration time,atelectasis,pulmonary infection. Result:Experiment group show less complications. Conclusion:PCEA sh~ow satisfactory analgesia effect,reduce complications,improve patients confidence.
Epigenetic Regulation in Biopsychosocial Pathways

Theory and empirical evidence suggest that psychological stress and other adverse psychosocial experiences can contribute to cancer progression. Research has begun to explore the potential role of epigenetic changes in these pathways. In basic, animal and human models, exposure to stressors or to the products of the physiological stress response (e.g., cortisol) has been associated with epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and microRNA (miR) expression, which may influence tumor growth, progression, metastasis, or chemoresistance. However, the specific biological pathways linking stress, epigenetic changes, and cancer outcomes remain unclear. Numerous opportunities exist to extend the preliminary evidence for the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the biopsychosocial pathways contributing to cancer progression. Such work will improve our understanding of how the psychosocial environment influences cancer risk and survival, potentially leading to improved prevention and treatment strategies.
USPSTF Recommendations That Were New or Updated in 2014.

Recommendations from the USPSTF are intended to guide the clinical preventive services provided by primary care clinicians in the outpatient setting, or referable from that setting. We highlight the new and updated USPSTF recommendations from 2014.
Listening to the consumer's voice in website analytics

Usability studies coupled with the 'think aloud' protocol allow firms and researchers to gain insights into people's web browsing experience. The purpose of this exploratory study is to gain additional insights into the customer perceptions of the webpage experience. Thirty respondents browsed restaurant webpages while using the 'think aloud' protocol. Three major themes that emerged from the analysis are: 1 respondents create future experiences through their interactions with the website; 2 Servicescapes have a large influence on respondents' decision to patronise the restaurant; 3 customer interface plays a multidimensional role in influencing customers' choices. The usability studies revealed customer thoughts and feelings that might be missed if other internet research methodologies were utilised. Usability studies do not replace these methods, but they do have a place within the large arsenal of internet research methodologies.
The Role of the Pharmacist in Developing Critical Pathways with Warfarin Therapy

The pharmacist can play a key role in the development of critical pathways for disease states with warfarin as a component of therapy. The pharmacist must be familiar with the complex therapeutic c...
The Scientific Discovery of Glaciers in the American West

The American West has been the proving ground for a number of earth sciences, including the study of glaciers. From their discovery by Western science in the late 1800s and continuing to the presen...
Proximity to Development and Public Support for Hydraulic Fracturing

Research on the relationship between proximity to energy development and public support for said development has produced conflicting results. Moreover, our understanding of this relationship in the context of unconventional oil and gas extraction via hydraulic fracturing becomes even cloudier because of limited data. Drawing on a unique dataset that includes both geo-coded data from nationally representative surveys conducted from 2012 to 2016 (9 waves; n=19,098) and high-resolution well location data, we examine how proximity to new unconventional oil and gas wells shapes familiarity with and support for hydraulic fracturing. After controlling for various individual and contextual factors, we find that proximity to new development is linked to both greater familiarity with and more sup- port for hydraulic fracturing – a relationship that is similar in magnitude to the marginal effects of income, gender and age. We discuss the implications of these findings for effective risk communication, as well as the importance of incorporating spatial analysis into public opinion research on perceptions of energy development.
Evaluation of the CLSI EP26-A protocol for detection of reagent lot-to-lot differences.

Abstract Background Verification of new reagent lots is a required laboratory task. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP26-A guideline provides a lot-to-lot verification protocol to detect significant changes in test performance. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of EP26-A with our laboratory reagent lot verification protocol. Methods Prospective evaluations for two reagent lots each for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were performed. The laboratory's lot verification process included evaluation of 20 patient samples with the current and new lots and acceptability based on a predefined criteria. For EP26-A, method imprecision data and critical differences based on previously defined lot-to-lot consistency goals were used to define sample size requirements and rejection limits. Results EP26-A required the following number of samples: 23 for TSH, 17 for Tg, 33 for T4, 31 for T3, 48 for fT3, and 1 for TPOAb. Our current protocol and EP26-A were in agreement in 9 of the 12 (75%) paired verifications. Of the 3 discrepant verifications, Tg and TSH reagent lots were rejected by EP26-A due to significant differences at medical decision points; whereas TPOAb was rejected by the current laboratory protocol. Conclusions The EP26-A protocol arrived at the same conclusions as our protocol in 75% of the evaluations and required more samples for 4 of the 6 analytes tested. Challenges associated with determining rejection limits and the need for increased sample sizes may be critical factors that limit the utility of EP26-A.