cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PASSIVE TRANSFER OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY BY TRITIATED THYMIDINE-LABELED LYMPHOID CELLS

Passive transfer of tritiated thymidine-labeled lymphoid cells sensitized to the simple chemical DNFB into homologous guinea pigs resulted in positive contact skin reactions 24 hours after skin testing with DNFB. Labeled sensitized cells were found to accumulate at these sites, whereas, labeled nonsensitized lymphoid cells did not appear non-specifically in contact skin reaction sites. The labeled cells were small and large lymphocytes and immature cells of the lymphoid series. The maximum reactions were obtained at 24 hours, with an average of 3.4 per cent of the infiltrating mononuclear cells showing a label. At 48 hours, the macro- and microscopic reactions were similar to the 24 hour reactions but diminished in intensity, and the number of labeled cells in the infiltrates had decreased to 1 per cent of the total infiltrating mononuclear cells. ¼ to ⅓ of the labeled cells were found within the epidermis in the test skin sites. These data have indicated that contact sensitivity, like tuberculin sensitivity, required the sensitized cell to initiate the skin reaction and that the majority of the cellular infiltrate was the result of non-specific host response to injury.
Intelligence's likelihood and evolutionary time frame

This paper outlines hypotheses relevant to the evolution of intelligent life and encephalization in the Phanerozoic. If general principles are inferable from patterns of Earth life, implications could be drawn for astrobiology. Many of the outlined hypotheses, relevant data, and associated evolutionary and ecological theory are not frequently cited in astrobiological journals. Thus opportunity exists to evaluate reviewed hypotheses with an astrobiological perspective. A quantitative method is presented for testing one of the reviewed hypotheses (hypothesis i; the diffusion hypothesis). Questions are presented throughout, which illustrate that the question of intelligent life's likelihood can be expressed as multiple, broadly ranging, more tractable questions.
Navigating the World Wide Web in Search of Resources on Antimicrobial Resistance

This overview gives information on navigating for English-language Web sites on antimicrobial resistance. Web sites were gathered on the basis of personal files, articles, and an exhaustive Web search of cross-links from other Web pages. The Web sites were categorized according to users' needs into 5 broad categories, as follows: comprehensive Web sites, with information on all aspects of antimicrobial resistance-related issues; Web sites with patient information about antimicrobial resistance and about methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in particular; Web sites covering current multinational surveillance programs; Web sites on prevention of antimicrobial resistance in health care facilities; and Web sites on control of antimicrobial resistance in the community. We compiled a selection of Web sites that seemed to be useful as starting points for physicians, epidemiologists, researchers, or patients interested in this topic.
Grinding and Pelleting Responses of Pearl Millet-Based Diets

Abstract Pearl millet grain has been reported as an alternative feed ingredient for broiler chickens, but little information exists on the feed processing parameters associated with this cereal grain. This study examined grinding and pelleting responses of pearl millet-based diets. Four treatments were used in the grinding phase, which consisted of grinding corn through a hammer mill screen hole of 4.0 mm and pearl millet ground through a hammer mill screen hole of 4.0, 3.2, or 2.4 mm. In the pelleting phase, a broiler grower diet (20% CP) was manufactured. The treatment structure was a 2 (pearl millet inclusion rate) × 3 (particle sizes of ground pearl millet) factorial arrangement with a corn-soybean meal positive control. The main factors consisted of 2 concentrations of millet in the diet at 25 or 50% pearl millet feed and grinding pearl millet through a 4.0-, 3.2-, or 2.4-mm hammer mill screen hole. All grain used during pelleting was derived from the grinding process. Electrical usage during grinding was greater with corn compared with pearl millet. Reducing the hammer mill screen hole size of pearl millet increased electrical usage and decreased the mean particle diameter of pearl millet. Particle size was not affected by grain type. Decreasing the grind size of pearl millet improved pellet durability index and percentage of fines. We concluded that pearl millet-based diets have acceptable grinding and pelleting performance compared with a typical corn-soybean meal diet.
Equity and Selective Pollution Abatement Procedures

This paper centers on issues of equity which are related to least cost air pollution abatement strategies. Motivation is provided by a hypothetical example based on Knox County, Tennessee data. In this example substantial loss in economic efficiency occurs when all polluters are required to reduce emissions by the same rate, which is a popular kind of equity notion termed a “benchmark” solution. This notion of equity is shown to be equivalent to another which is related to the requirement that each polluter reduce by the proportion that he contributes to total controllable pollutant concentration at points in the region. A new air quality management strategy is suggested which is based on the requirement that polluters who choose to act independently of others must reduce emissions according to the benchmark solution. This strategy provides economic motivation for coalition formation.
Hypersonic viscous interaction on sharp and blunt inclined plates.

Mach 42 test measuring surface pressures, surface heat transfer rates and shock wave shapes in strong interaction regime for sharp and blunt plates
Stem cell fusion confusion

Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been used to cure hematologic malignancies in humans for over three decades. Each year thousands of bone marrow transplants are performed in the hopes of curing leukemia, lymphoma, and immune deficiencies. Recent studies of stem cell biology suggest that the HSC may also be able to treat nonhematologic diseases due to its ability to contribute to the production of nonhematopoietic tissues, which has been termed stem cell “plasticity.” This initially was demonstrated when bone marrow–derived cells were shown to contribute to regeneration of the liver [1–4]. These initial studies may have discovered the first cell-based gene therapy. Stem cell plasticity was later confirmed for various other organs such as brain [5–7], heart [8–10], muscle [11,12], and pancreas [13]. Further investigation demonstrated that “plasticity” is not a normal function of the HSC in steady-state tissue regeneration, but that the HSC is likely recruited into this atypical function in the face of severe injury or selective pressure [14]. Thus, although HSC contribution to new tissue was not its normal function or was often found to be low-level, there was obvious excitement; the new-found potential for tissue regeneration could possibly be exploited to help cure diabetes, alzheimers, cirrhosis, and other diseases. While the capacity for the HSC to generate tissues in vivo was expounded, several researchers explored the mechanism of the stem cell tissue regeneration in vitro. One possibility was that the hematopoietic stem cells de-differentiated into a more primitive cell before generating new cell types. Another possibility was that the stem cell was able to transdifferentiate into a new cell type without the use of an intermediate. While this appears contrary to normal understanding of stage-restricted commitment, there are several examples in the literature whereby committed hematopoietic cells can be induced to convert into cells of another lineage. For example, CD19B220 B cells can generate macrophages in myeloid culture conditions [15]. Pro-T cells can also generate macrophages in the presence of conditioned medium [16]. In these studies, the proper microenvironment, namely cytokines and cell-cell contact, appears to provide vital cues for transdifferentiation events. Thus it
Evidence of long distance airborne transport of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

The ability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to be transported over long distances via the airborne route was evaluated. A source population of 300 grow-finish pigs was experimentally inoculated with PRRSV MN-184 and M. hyopneumoniae 232 and over a 50-day period, air samples were collected at designated distances from the source herd using a liquid cyclonic collector. Samples were tested for the presence of PRRSV RNA and M. hyopneumoniae DNA by PCR and if positive, further characterized. Of the 306 samples collected, 4 (1.3%) were positive for PRRSV RNA and 6 (1.9%) were positive for M. hyopneumoniae DNA. The PRRSV-positive samples were recovered 4.7 km to the northwest (NW) of the source population. Four of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were obtained at the NW sampling point; 2 samples at approximately 2.3 km and the other 2 samples approximately 4.7 km from the source population. Of the remaining 2 samples, one sample was obtained at the southeast sampling point and the other at the southwest sampling point, with both locations being approximately 4.7 km from the source. The four PRRSV-positive samples contained infectious virus and were >/= 98.8% homologous to the MN-184 isolate used to inoculate the source population. All 6 of the M. hyopneumoniae-positive samples were 99.9% homologous to M. hyopneumoniae 232. These results support the hypothesis that long distance airborne transport of these important swine pathogens can occur.
Effects of weight loading on flight performance and survival of palatable Neotropical Anartia fatima butterflies

Previous studies show that the position of centre of body mass (cmbody) and the ratio of flight muscle to total body mass (flight muscle ratio, FMR) are good predictors of flight speed and manoeuvrability in butterflies. However, cmbody, FMR, and related morphometric traits are strongly correlated phenotypically, making it difficult to identify the causal determinants of flight performance. By experimentally gluing weights that amounted to 15% body weight to a palatable Neotropical butterfly species (Anartia fatima), we tested the effects of altering FMR and repositioning cmbodyon two measures of flight performance: flight speed and the ability to evade capture. We then tested their effects on survival in a natural setting. Flight performance studies detected no significant differences in airspeed or evasive flight ability among unweighted controls, weighted-loaded butterflies (WL), and those withcmbody positioned further posterior (CM). In two mark-release-recapture experiments, survival of treatment groups did not differ, but males survived longer than females. In one experiment, WL and CM butterflies were recaptured more frequently than controls, whereas the probability of recapture for females was higher than that for males in the second experiment. When significant, results for recapture were consistent with a causal relationship between FMR and flight speed. Presumably, a decrease in flight speed was due to a reduction in muscle mass-specific power output in the weighted butterflies. However, the results did not support a relationship between manoeuvrability and cmbody.
Symposium: Legal Ethics for Government Lawyers: Straight Talk for Tough Times

This paper is part of a symposium on the special responsibilities of government lawyers. Where other papers in the symposium, especially that of Professor Bruce Green, 9 Widener J. Pub. L. 235, claim that government lawyers, unlike private lawyers, have an obligation to pursue justice and refrain from unsupported claims or defenses, this paper argues that private lawyers have the same obligation. Private lawyers, in view of such rules as Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Rule 3.1 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct, as well as the oath they take on admission to the bar, have no more right than government lawyers to pursue positions that lack evidentiary and legal support, or positions that seem to them unjust.
Clinical Characteristics and Lifestyle Behaviors in a Population-Based Sample of Chinese and South Asian Immigrants With Hypertension.

BACKGROUND Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the United States. Chinese Americans and their counterparts in Chinese countries have been shown to have an elevated risk of stroke compared to non-Hispanic Whites, while South Asian Americans and their counterparts in South Asian countries have an elevated risk of heart disease. Exactly how cardiovascular disease morbidity varies by Asian subgroup, however, is not well understood. The purpose of this analysis was to identify differences in clinical presentation and lifestyle behaviors between Chinese and South Asian American immigrants vs. non-Hispanic Whites in a representative sample of adults with self-report of physician-diagnosed hypertension. METHODS Data on adults with self-reported hypertension were obtained from the New York City Community Health Survey 2009-2013 (Chinese: n = 555; South Asian: n = 144; non-Hispanic White: n = 5,987). RESULTS Compared to non-Hispanic Whites with hypertension, foreign-born Chinese adults with hypertension were of a much lower socioeconomic profile and less likely to have private health insurance, and foreign-born Chinese and South Asian adults with hypertension had lower body mass index (BMI) values (25.3, 26.0 vs. 28.7kg/m(2); P < 0.001). South Asians were younger than non-Hispanic Whites (mean age: 49.5 vs. 62.1 years; P < 0.001) and had poorer diet quality. BMI and diet quality results persisted in multivariable regression models. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study highlight important clinical distinctions in hypertensive Chinese and South Asian immigrant communities with respect to age and body size. Whether targeted and culturally appropriate approaches would reduce cardiovascular disease-related mortality in these groups needs further study.
Spherical Zirconia Particles Via Electrostatic Atomization: Fabrication and Sintering Characteristics

From the first recorded investigations by Bosetti in 1745 through G.I. Taylor's[2] work on the “Disintegration of Water Droplets in an Electric Field” in 1964, electrostatic atomization of liquids has been put to use in a variety of applications ranging from crop spraying to the propulsion of space vehicles. Here, we have used electrostatic atomization to form micron size droplets of zirconium acetate which pyrolyze to spherical ZrO 2 particles for use in sintering studies. Two ZrO 2 powders were fabricated. Both are spherical and of similar size distribution, however, in one, the particles are single crystals, while in the other, the particles are polycrystalline. This work discusses the processing of these different particles, and the relative sintering behavior of powders that are composed of either monocrystalline or polycrystalline particles.
High Temperature Stability of Silver Based Porous Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Devices

High temperature (>550°C) applications of silver based porous composites have been limited due to relatively low melting temperature (962°C) of Ag. Incorporation of oxide particles was demonstrated as an effective approach for stabilization of the porous Ag microstructures. This study aims developing an understanding based on the relationships between the properties of the incorporated YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia), the developed porous microstructures and the electrochemical response of their electrodes. Minimum degradation was observed with the composite microstructure based on comparable Ag and YSZ particle sizes. The results demonstrated that YSZ incorporation into Ag matrix can increase the stable application temperature to 800°C.
Creating a Game for Sexuality and Aging: The Sexual Dysfunction Trivia Game

BACKGROUND Older adults often present with signs and symptoms of sexual dysfunction, and nurses must possess the necessary knowledge to address this issue. Therefore, The Sexual Dysfunction Trivia Game was designed to educate staff nurses about sexual dysfunction and the aging process. METHOD A pilot test was conducted. Five staff nurses played The Sexual Dysfunction Trivia Game. Each nurse completed a pretest before playing the game and a posttest after playing the game. RESULTS After playing the board game, the nurses were more knowledgeable about what the physical examination includes, what the laboratory tests are, and what the treatment options are for sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSION Based on the pretest and posttest findings, The Sexual Dysfunction Trivia Game appears to be an effective teaching tool to educate staff nurses about sexual dysfunction in the older adult. However, more studies are needed to measure its effectiveness.
Mapping of Subtractor and Adder-Subtractor Circuits on Reversible Quantum Gates

Reversible arithmetic units such as adders, subtractors and comparators form the essential components of any hardware implementation of quantum algorithms such as Shor's factoring algorithm. Further, the synthesis methods proposed in the existing literature for reversible circuits target combinational and sequential circuits in general and are not suitable for synthesis of reversible arithmetic units. In this paper, we present several design methodologies for reversible subtractor and reversible adder-subtractor circuits, and a framework for synthesizing reversible arithmetic circuits. Three different design methodologies are proposed for the design of reversible ripple borrow subtractor that vary in terms of optimization of metrics such as ancilla inputs, garbage outputs, quantum cost and delay. The first approach follows the traditional ripple carry approach while the other two use the properties that the subtraction operation can be defined as $$a-b$$ = $$\overline{\bar{a}+b}$$ and $$a-b$$ = $${a+\bar{b}+1}$$, respectively. Next, we derive methodologies adapting the subtractor to also perform addition as selected with a control signal. Finally, a new synthesis framework for automatic generation of reversible arithmetic circuits optimizing the metrics of ancilla inputs, garbage outputs, quantum cost and the delay is presented that integrates the various methodologies described in our work.
Historical Transformations and Legal Legacies

It has been said that in the absence of legal training, past historians have failed sufficiently to appreciate the relevance of law as a conceptual template, shaping the character of the American revolutionary project. One legal historian, John Reid, has even suggested that non-legal historians have indeed ‘misunderstood the legal and constitutional history of the American Revolution’.1 In particular, Reid pinpoints a failure to appreciate the function of law both ‘in setting the stage’ for rebellion and in ‘formulating the conditions’ under which it was to be fought.2 By such ‘conditions of law’ Reid understands ‘not merely substantive rules of law, but the certainty, the power, and the effectiveness of that law and whether it was directed by a unicentric or multicentric authority’.3 Indeed, Reid argues persuasively that ‘legal stagesetting’ as well as constitutional concerns played a pervasive but distinguishable role in pre-revolutionary American politics. It would therefore seem particularly fruitful to consider how such conditions or legal stagesetting may have featured as well in the developing post-revolutionary American understanding of court function — particularly in decisions with regard not only to interpreting but to striking down procedurally legitimate laws.
Introduction: New Opportunities for Development?

What might our future look like if higher education focused on the needs of humankind and the enablers for meeting those needs? How might our reality change if we embraced the complexity and uncertainty surrounding us and leveraged them to the advantage of the learner (and society as a whole)? We begin this chapter with questions that have helped to shape a growing conversation on the need for higher education to shift dramatically from its traditional paradigm. It has been said that higher education is broken, that we have fallen behind the emerging trends of our time. It has also been said that higher education is the indispensible cornerstone of culture and society. We assert that revolutions in education have already occurred worldwide and will continue to shape the face of learning as we know it. As lines blur across all forms of learning – be it informal, formal, traditional, professional, networked or otherwise – shifts in our perspectives and understanding are necessary to accompany such change. This chapter outlines concepts for consideration as we challenge ourselves to participate in innovating the future of learning.
Superradiance and Superfluorescence of a Dicke Point Source

Spontaneous emission of electromagnetic radiation from an atomic (or molecular) system in a correlated state was first treated by Dicke [1]. Using a point source model, he defined collective energy eigenstates of two level atoms. The quantum numbers labeling these Dicke states are the energy quantum number M and the cooperation number J. If N is the total number of atoms in the sample, then 0 ≤ J ≤ N/2 and −J ≤ M ≤ J. Dicke found that the initial radiation rate from a system in such a collective state is proportional to (J+M)(J-M+1). A state with J ≃ N/2 and M ≃ 0 has the maximum emission rate, proportional to N2. Such a state he called superradiant. A fully excited state has M = J = N/2, giving an initial spontaneous emission rate proportional to N. In the model J is a constant of the motion, but the average M decreases as the system loses energy through radiation, so that a fully excited state decays to a state with average M ≃ 0 and thus radiates at near superradiant levels [2].
The Use of Acellular Dermal Matrix in Dupuytren Disease

Hypothesis: Recurrence following surgical treatment of Dupuytren disease remains a common problem. We hypothesize that the use of acellular dermal matrix is associated with decreased recurrence rates in Dupuytren disease.
MEAN Web Development: A Tutorial for Educators

Netscape first provided a grand unification of sorts by offering a single, uniform interface to resources spread across the globe. Simple HTML interfaces to CGI (and later PHP) scripts provided the second grand unification-as suddenly software developers did not need to worry about client software distribution any more. Both Java and Javascript attempted (in their own ways) to enhance the degree of sophistication of the end-user experience. Protocols and technologies came and went (xml-rpc, SOAP, Java RMI, OpenLaszlo, etc.) while the typical web development solution slowly converged towards a (now traditional) LAMP stack architecture. As web development projects became more demanding, frameworks like Spring and Rails (for Ruby) demonstrated the viability of the MVC pattern and helped spawn replicas (CakePHP, Django, Grails, etc.) into other communities. Today it's fair to say that the move towards the MVC architectures was just another (spontaneous, unplanned) attempt to unify development over the web. Simplicity often tends to be a great focal point of evolution. In the last 5-6 years another type of unification became possible due to the surprising resurgence of a most unlikely candidate: Javascript. First Javascript was the glue that made possible the ideas behind HTML5 (as an entirely new set of APIs, and not just a new set of tags). Then in 2009 with the first release of Node.js (relying on Google's Javascript V8 engine) the creation of web servers and networking tools using JavaScript became not just possible, but also extremely efficient. These days, using MongoDB as the document database, Node.js as the server platform (with Express as a flexible and robust server-side web application framework) along with AngularJS (by Google) for the GUIs on the client side, developers are finally capable of creating more agile software by using a single language across all layers of application development. This has the potential to drastically change how we teach web programming. Bring your own laptop and join us for a workshop as we explore in tutorial fashion all major aspects, stages and components of web development with the MEAN stack.
Toward Statistical Machine Translation without Parallel Corpora

We estimate the parameters of a phrase-based statistical machine translation system from monolingual corpora instead of a bilingual parallel corpus. We extend existing research on bilingual lexicon induction to estimate both lexical and phrasal translation probabilities for MT-scale phrase-tables. We propose a novel algorithm to estimate reordering probabilities from monolingual data. We report translation results for an end-to-end translation system using these monolingual features alone. Our method only requires monolingual corpora in source and target languages, a small bilingual dictionary, and a small bitext for tuning feature weights. In this paper, we examine an idealization where a phrase-table is given. We examine the degradation in translation performance when bilingually estimated translation probabilities are removed and show that 80%+ of the loss can be recovered with monolingually estimated features alone. We further show that our monolingual features add 1.5 BLEU points when combined with standard bilingually estimated phrase table features.
A simple elution strategy for biotinylated proteins bound to streptavidin conjugated beads using excess biotin and heat.

Protein-protein interactions are the molecular basis of cell signaling. Recently, proximity based biotin identification (BioID) has emerged as an alternative approach to traditional co-immunoprecipitation. In this protocol, a mutant biotin ligase promiscuously labels proximal binding partners with biotin, and resulting biotinylated proteins are purified using streptavidin conjugated beads. This approach does not require preservation of protein complexes in vitro, making it an ideal approach to identify transient or weak protein complexes. However, due to the high affinity bond between streptavidin and biotin, elution of biotinylated proteins from streptavidin conjugated beads requires harsh denaturing conditions, which are often incompatible with downstream processing. To effectively release biotinylated proteins bound to streptavidin conjugated beads, we designed a series of experiments to determine optimal binding and elution conditions. Interestingly, the concentrations of SDS and IGEPAL-CA630 during the incubation with streptavidin conjugated beads were the key to effective elution of biotinylated proteins using excess biotin and heating. This protocol provides an alternative method to isolate biotinylated proteins from streptavidin conjugated beads that is suitable for further downstream analysis.
Reusability is FIRRTL ground: hardware construction languages, compiler frameworks, and transformations

Enabled by modern languages and retargetable compilers, software development is in a virtual "Cambrian explosion" driven by a critical mass of powerfully parameterized libraries; but hardware development practices lag far behind. We hypothesize that existing hardware construction languages (HCLs) and novel hardware compiler frameworks (HCFs) can put hardware development on a similar evolutionary path by enabling new hardware libraries to be independent of underlying process technologies including FPGA mappings. We support this claim by (1) evaluating the degree with which Chisel, an existing HCL, can support powerfully parameterized libraries, and (2) introducing the concept and implementation of an HCF that uses an open-source hardware intermediate representation, FIRRTL (Flexible Intermediate Representation for RTL), to transform target-independent RTL into technology-specific RTL. Finally, we evaluate many hardware compiler transformations, including simplifying transformations, analyses, optimizations, instrumentations, and specializations, which demonstrate the power of a combined HCL and HCF approach.
Transition metal oxides for aqueous sodium-ion electrochemical energy storage

The electrochemical storage of sodium ions from aqueous electrolytes in transition metal oxides is of interest for energy and sustainability applications. These include low-cost and safe energy storage and energy-efficient water desalination. The strong interactions between water and transition metal oxide surfaces, as well as those between water and sodium ions, dictate the stability and electrochemical energy storage mechanisms in these materials. This review summarizes the implications of water as an electrolyte solvent for transition metal oxide electrodes, and sodium ion intercalation from neutral pH electrolytes into a diverse set of transition metal oxides. Increased control of the aqueous electrolyte/transition metal oxide interface is likely to lead to improvements in stability and capacity, which are critical breakthroughs for the implementation of transition metal oxides in aqueous sodium ion energy storage technologies.
Liftings of Tree-Structured Markov Chains - (Extended Abstract).

A “lifting” of a Markov chain is a larger chain obtained by replacing each state of the original chain by a set of states, with transition probabilities defined in such a way that the lifted chain projects down exactly to the original one. It is well known that lifting can potentially speed up the mixing time substantially. Essentially all known examples of efficiently implementable liftings have required a high degree of symmetry in the original chain. Addressing an open question of Chen, Lovasz and Pak, we present the first example of a successful lifting for a complex Markov chain that has been used in sampling algorithms. This chain, first introduced by Sinclair and Jerrum, samples a leaf uniformly at random in a large tree, given approximate information about the number of leaves in any subtree, and has applications to the theory of approximate counting and to importance sampling in Statistics. Our lifted version of the chain (which, unlike the original one, is non-reversible) gives a significant speedup over the original version whenever the error in the leaf counting estimates is o(1). Our lifting construction, based on flows, is systematic, and we conjecture that it may be applicable to other Markov chains used in sampling algorithms.
Autoradiography in human cytogenetics.

Autoradiography, or radioautography, is a technique for studying the location or amount of a substance by tagging it with a radioactive isotope and recording the location and number of as large a proportion of the resultant disintegrations as possible in a photographic emulsion. Autoradiography has been applied to numerous problems in human cytogenetics, including the accurate identification of specific chromosomes and their genie content, the organization and segregation of the genetic material, the control of gene duplication, transcription, and the role of chromosomes in development and evolution.
An Asymptotically Optimal Structural Attack on the ABC Multivariate Encryption Scheme

Historically, multivariate public key cryptography has been less than successful at offering encryption schemes which are both secure and efficient. At PQCRYPTO ’13 in Limoges, Tao, Diene, Tang, and Ding introduced a promising new multivariate encryption algorithm based on a fundamentally new idea: hiding the structure of a large matrix algebra over a finite field. We present an attack based on subspace differential invariants inherent to this methodology. The attack is a structural key recovery attack which is asymptotically optimal among all known attacks (including algebraic attacks) on the original scheme and its generalizations.
Effect of feed composition on cryogenic distillation precooling configurations

Abstract Precooling the feed of cryogenic distillation columns is achieved by using the cold distillate and bottoms streams. The distillate is typically removed from the top of the reflux drum as a vapor to reduce the condenser refrigeration heat duty. The bottoms stream is typically a liquid at a somewhat higher temperature than the distillate. The colder vapor distillate can only provide sensible heat removal. The warmer bottoms liquid stream can provide more heat removal because of vaporization. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the appropriate arrangement of the precooling heat exchangers depends on the column feed composition. If the feed contains little light key component, the bottoms stream is large and the feed can be easily precooled. If the feed contains little heavy key component, the bottoms stream is small and precooling the feed is more difficult.
Deep Convective Organization, Moisture Vertical Structure, and Convective Transition Using Deep-Inflow Mixing

AbstractIt is an open question whether an integrated measure of buoyancy can yield a strong relation to precipitation across tropical land and ocean, across the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and for...
Mobile Health Provider Training: Results and Lessons Learned from Year Four of Training on Core Competencies for Mobile Health in Clinical Care

This article describes the results of the delivery of the fourth year of the delivery of a competency-based training program to train providers on best practices for mobile health in clinical care. During a 1-year span of time eight 1-day training workshops were delivered, training 252 providers and clinical support staff on best practices for mobile health in clinical care. Quality and effectiveness of training was evaluated and data was collected regarding provider technology use. Comparisons with previously published results were made and lessons learned for increasing reach and effectiveness of training were provided. Results showed that the training was effective in increasing knowledge and skills on the core competencies for mobile health in clinical care. Prior to the training, 48.5% reported integrating mobile health in clinical care, and following the training, 95.8% reported the intention to use mobile health. Follow-up results indicated that these results were maintained over time (83.3%), although limitations in the validity of follow-up data due to low response rates were noted. In order for clinicians to fully leverage the benefits of mobile health, training on mobile health is necessary. The current competency-based mobile health provider training is a mature, standardized, and effective solution that can serve as a model for existing and future mobile health training programs.
Multi-Touch Gesture Recognition Using Feature Extraction

We are motivated to find a multi-touch gesture detection algorithm that is efficient, easy to implement, and scalable to real-time applications using 3D environments. Our approach tries to solve the recognition for gestures with the use of feature extraction without the need of any previous learning samples. Before showing our proposed solution, we describe some algorithms that attempt to solve similar problems. Finally, we describe our code to accomplish off-line gesture recognition.
THE ART OF CARING: EXPLORING HOW DEMENTIA CARE PARTNERS MANAGE CARE CHALLENGES AND FIND RESILIENCE

Approximately 15 million Americans serve as family caregivers for a person with Alzheimer’s disease or another form of age-related dementia and this care can take a physical and emotional toll. Understudied is the process of how families actually provide care in response to care challenges, and how to find respite and resilience amidst care challenges. This symposium considers how caregivers handle daily challenges related to dementia including activities of daily living, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, general health and medical comorbidities. In addition to characterizing care partner’s distinct styles of management (Leggett et al.) and knowledge and capacity to manage health care (Sadak et al.), the papers also provide perspective on positive aspects of care management such as the impact of respite on positive mood (Wylie et al.), the moderating role of relationship quality on responses to behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (Chunga et al.) and finally how caregivers’ problem-related, self-growth, and help-related behaviors compose their resilience to care challenges (Zhou et al.). To conclude, our discussant Dr. Laura Gitlin will offer insight on cross-cutting implications across studies and offer perspective on how research, intervention science, and clinical practice may better account for caregiver management styles to promote growth and resilience in caregivers and their care partners with dementia.
Does tourism really cause stress? A natural experiment utilizing ArcGIS Survey123

Tourism related stress has recently been revealed as an issue for tourism host community residents. Prior studies have relied on directly asking residents if tourism caused them stress, resulting i...
Sweatshops and Free Action: The Stakes of the Actualism/Possibilism Debate for Business Ethics

Whether an action is morally right depends upon the alternative acts available to the agent. Actualists hold that what an agent would actually do determines her moral obligations. Possibilists hold that what an agent could possibly do determines her moral obligations. Both views face compelling criticisms. Despite the fact that actualist and possibilist assumptions are at the heart of seminal arguments in business ethics, there has been no explicit discussion of actualism and possibilism in the business ethics literature. This paper has two primary goals. First, it aims to rectify this omission by bringing to light the importance of the actualism/possibilism debate for business ethics through questions about the ethics of sweatshops. Second, it aims to make some progress in the sweatshop debate by examining and defending an alternative view, hybridism, and describing the moral and practical implications of hybridism for the sweatshop debate.
Linear Processing of a Delta-Modulated Bit-Stream

In the last four decades modest progress has been made in the area of direct processing of a delta-modulated stream. High resolution, simplicity, and the low cost of a delta modulation encoder have been the main reasons for using this encoder in digital signal processing. Traditionally delta modulation encoded filtering is achieved by means of Nyquist rate decimators. To avoid the process of rate conversion and decimation filtering, a number of authors recommended direct processing of delta modulation pulse stream in general, and in particular a Δ-Σ modulation bit-stream. However, because of the high oversampling rate of a Δ-Σ bit-stream, specific arithmetic circuits such as a delta adder, multiplier, etc. must be developed. Here in brief, we will mention some of the most relevant works related to linear processing of delta-modulated bit-stream.
Hemodynamics of a bileaflet mechanical heart valve with different levels of dysfunction

Heart disease is one of leading causes of mortality worldwide. Healthy heart valves are key for proper heart function. When these valves dysfunction, a replacement is often necessary in severe cases. The current study presents an investigation of the pulsatile blood flow through a bileaflet mechanical heart valve (BMHV) where one leaflet is healthy and can fully open and the other leaflet cannot fully open with different levels of dysfunction. To better understand the implications that a dysfunctional leaflet has on the blood flow through these valves, analysis of flow characteristics such as velocity, pressure drop, wall shear stress and vorticity profiles was performed. Results suggested that leaflet dysfunction caused increased local velocities, separation regions and wall shear stresses. For example, the maximum velocity increased from 2.53m/s to 4.9m/s when dysfunction increased from 0% to 100%. The pressure drop increased (by up to 300%) with dysfunctionality. Results suggested that leaflet dysfunction also caused increased wall shear stresses on the valve frame where higher stresses developed around the hinges (at 75% and 100% dysfunctions). Analysis also showed that increased dysfunctionality of one leaflet led to higher net shear forces on both the healthy and dysfunctional leaflets (by up to 200% and 600%, respectively).
Living Related Donor Kidney Transplantation in Atypical HUS: When Should It Be Considered?

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a thrombotic microangiopathy that manifests as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and AKI. aHUS has been linked to the dysregulation of the alternative pathway of complement (1). In up to 60% of patients with aHUS, a genetic mutation known to cause dysregulation of complement system is found (2). Mutations in complement factor H ( CFH ), CD46 (membrane cofactor protein), complement factor I ( CFI ), thrombomodulin/CD141 ( THBD ), complement factor B ( CFB ), and C3 have been previously reported in patients with aHUS (3). People with mutations may not develop aHUS until adulthood (4). This incomplete penetrance indicates that a genetic mutation alone is insufficient to cause aHUS; instead, carriers of complement mutations require an additional trigger, such as pregnancy, viral infection, cancer, surgery, or medications, to progress to clinical disease of aHUS (5). As the type of mutation can influence both phenotype and rates of recurrence, genetic screening is advised pretransplant in patients with aHUS-related ESKD (2). However, there is no clear guidance for the genetic screening of family members who are potential living related donors. Historically, living related transplantation is actively discouraged in cases of aHUS due to increased risk of disease recurrence in recipients and risk of de novo disease in the donors (3,6). The recent advancement in genetics of aHUS challenges the recommendation against living related kidney transplantation. We present three patients with aHUS to explore whether living related kidney transplant can be considered as an option. …
Clinical Trials in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: Immunotherapy.

Background Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare subtype of melanoma that generally has a poor prognosis once it has metastasized. Clinical trials evaluating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in UM have demonstrated response rates lower than those seen in cutaneous melanoma. Despite lower efficacy demonstrated in initial ICI studies, there are a number of ongoing clinical trials investigating novel immunotherapy approaches in UM. Summary This review aims to summarize important ongoing clinical trials investigating immunotherapeutic approaches in UM and previous trials that have evaluated a number of immunologic interventions. A thorough clinical trial investigation was conducted through clinicaltrials.gov using the disease search terms "uveal melanoma" and "ocular melanoma," excluding non-immunotherapy-related trials. Here, we report on ICI, vaccine, adoptive T cells, and combination immunotherapy trials in UM. Key messages There is an increasing effort in the search for new, effective therapies for this difficult-to-treat disease, with immunotherapeutic approaches being of particular interest. Increasing knowledge of UM biology and development of new biomarkers will direct future drug development and trial design.
How to Punish a Corporation

Traditionally, scholars conceive of corporate punishment in terms of deterrence and retribution. But neither of those theories makes intuitive sense for corporations. The concept of just deserts for corporations--needed by retributivists--has proven elusive. And corporate fines--the tool of deterrence theorists--end up burdening the constituents of corporations rather than the corporations themselves. A third theory of punishment--character theory--focuses on reform, and offers a conceptually coherent way to structure genuinely corporate punishment.
Emerging atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes for low thermal budget flexible electronics

Low temperature plasma-assisted ALD-grown metal nanocomposite layers based on mixtures of ruthenium and cobalt have been investigated as potential conductive adhesion/barrier layers in thermally restrictive flexible electronics applications. While Ru∶Co metal ratios can be easily adjusted with these processes, initial samples for low thermal budget applications were processed at 200°C with a Ru∶Co ratio of 3∶2. The use of plasma-assisted processing and carefully selected reactant chemistries have allowed the demonstration of even lower deposition temperatures, allowing integration with a wide range of organic and polymeric substrate materials.
Ball-based shape processing

Constant radius offsetting and blending operations are important for digital shape and image processing. They may be formulated using Minkowski sums with a ball of fixed radius. We review their extensions to variable distance offsetting. Specifically, we compare three different formulations of variable distance offsetting for planar shapes: orthogonal, radial, and ball. We discuss compatibility conditions that specify when a shape is the offset of another. We also discuss the applications of these formulations for computing the average and morph of two shapes and the centerline of an elongated shape. Finally, we discuss a set theoretic formulation of a variable radius blending of a shape.
Capturing and representing construction project histories for estimating and defect detection

History of a construction project can have a multitude of uses in supporting decisions throughout the lifecycle of a facility and on new projects. Based on motivating case studies, this paper describes the need for and some issues associated with capturing and representing construction project histories. This research focuses on supporting defect detection and decision-making for estimating an upcoming activity's production rates, and it proposes an integrated approach to develop and represent construction project histories. The proposed approach starts with identifying the data needs of different stakeholders from job sites and leverages available automated data collection technologies with their specific performance characterizations to collect the data required. Once the data is captured from a variety of sensors, then the approach incorporates a data fusion formalism to create an integrated project history model that can be analyzed in a more comprehensive way.