cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of colonially nesting seabirds, with special reference to global matrilineal patterns in the sooty tern (Sterna fuscata)

Sooty tern (Sterna fuscata) rookeries are scattered throughout the tropical oceans. When not nesting, individuals wander great distances across open seas, but, like many other seabirds, they tend to be site-faithful to nesting locales in successive years. Here we examine the matrilineal history of sooty terns on a global scale. Assayed colonies within an ocean are poorly differentiated in mitochondrial DNA sequence, a result indicating tight historical ties. However, a shallow genealogical partition distinguishes Atlantic from Indo-Pacific rookeries. Phylogeographic patterns in the sooty tern are compared to those in other colonially nesting seabirds, as well as in the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), an analogue of tropical seabirds in some salient aspects of natural history. Phylogeographic structure within an ocean is normally weak in seabirds, unlike the pronounced matrilineal structure in green turtles. However, the phylogeographic partition between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific rookeries in sooty terns mirrors, albeit in shallower evolutionary time, the major matrilineal subdivision in green turtles. Thus, global geology has apparently influenced historical gene movements in these two circumtropical species.
Short-term memory performance in the absence of phonological coding ☆

These experiments examined the short-term memory performance of an aphasic patient with posterior damage who shows a selective deficit in phonological coding. In recognition memory tests, the patient relied on both visual and semantic coding, and often showed an essentially normal level of accuracy. However, for memory sets consisting of four function words, his performance was quite impaired. Also, his retention of order information was far below that of normal controls. The implications of these deficits in short-term memory for language comprehension and production are discussed.
Continuing Education Modules and the Scholarship of Engagement

Economic and political trends underscore the importance of engaged scholarship as evidence that colleges and universities are serving their constituencies. Set in a background of debate about pure versus applied social science this article describes a planned approach to continuing gerontological education grounded firmly in the principles of the scholarship of engagement. The description includes efforts to ascertain through a two-phase state-wide survey continuing education needs and preferred venue in a segment of the North Carolina aging services workforce. Subsequent surveys were used to define and prioritize modular continuing education topics suitable for web-based delivery.
Real-Time Implementation of a Distributed Voice Activity Detector

Wireless sensor networks have been applied successfully in real-time distributed and collaborative sensing. In these situations, each sensor is responsible for extracting pertinent information from the surrounding environment and transmitting it to other sensors and/or to the main processing station. This is done while operating under several constraints, such as low computational capabilities, limited arithmetic precision, and the need to conserve power. In this paper, we present a low-complexity voice activity detector and a gender classifier for implementation on the Crossbow sensor motes. In addition, a decision fusion algorithm that resides at the base station is also implemented. A series of experiments that characterize the performance of the algorithms under varying conditions and in different environments are presented and several of the challenges we faced in developing this real-time implementation are discussed
The Relationship of Sales and Marketing Expenses to Hotel Performance in the United States

While hotel organizations are investing considerable sums of money for marketing at the unit level, research investigating the relative benefits of the different areas where those funds can be invested is lacking. This exploratory study endeavors to fill that void. Since different types of hotels have differing operating characteristics, this study examines marketing expenditures for various hotel tiers, using the Smith Travel Research chain scale categorizations. The study finds that marketing expenditures have differential effects according to the type of hotel and the particular type of marketing expenditure. These analyses explore implications of various types of marketing expenses on both hotel unit revenue and profitability.
Turbo decoder assisted frame error rate estimation

In modern digital communication systems, quality of service is specified in terms of average frame error rates (FER). Accurate and fast estimation of the FER is thus a crucial element of these power control or adaptive systems. This paper proposes an accurate and fast FER estimation method for any receivers equipped with iterative processors and the ability to stop the iterative processing early. Based on the observation that the average number of processing iterations is strongly correlated to the operating FER, the proposed method estimates the FER through the average number of actual processing iterations. As confirmed by extensive simulation results, the proposed estimation algorithm is much more accurate and responsive to changing operating conditions than traditional methods.
Bone strain gradients and optimization in vertebrate skulls.

Summary. It is often stated that the skull is optimally designed for resisting feeding forces, where optimality is defined as maximum strength with minimum material. Running counter to this hypothesis are bone strain gradients – variation in bone strain magnitudes across the skull – which in the primate skull have been hypothesized to suggest that different parts of the skull are optimized for different functions. In this paper strain gradients in the skulls of four genera of primates, Sus, and Alligator were documented and compared. Strain gradients were pervasive in all taxa sampled. Patterns of strain gradients showed inter-taxon differences, but strains in the mandible and zygomatic arch were always higher than those in the circumorbital and neurocranial regions. Strain magnitudes in Alligator were twice as high as those in mammals. Strain gradients were also positively allometric; i. e., larger primates show steeper gradients (larger differences) between the mandible and circumorbital region than smaller primates. Different strain magnitudes in different areas of the same animal are hypothesized to reflect optimization to different criteria. It is therefore hardly surprising that the skull, in which numerous functional systems are found, exhibits very steep gradients. Inter-specific differences in strain magnitudes at similar sites also suggest inter-specific differences in optimality criteria. The higher strain magnitudes in the Alligator skull suggest that the Alligator skull may be designed to experience extremely high strains less frequently whereas the primate skull may be designed to resist lower strains more frequently.
Convective interaction with boundary-layer dynamics in the development of a tropical intraseasonal system

Abstract Tropical boundary-layer flows interact with the free tropospheric circulation and underlying sea surface temperature, playing a critical role in coupling collective effects of cumulus heating with equatorial dynamics. In this paper a unified theoretical framework is developed in which convective interaction with large-scale circulation includes three mechanisms: convection–wave convergence (CWC) feedback, evaporation–wind (EW) feedback, and convection–frictional convergence (CFC) feedback. We examine the dynamic instability resulting from the convective interaction with circulation, in particular the role of CFC feedback mechanism. CFC feedback results in an unstable mode that has distinctive characteristics from those occurring from CWC feedback or EW feedback in the absence of mean flow. The instability generated by CFC feedback is of low frequency with a typical growth rate on an order of 10−6 s−1. The unstable mode is a multiscale wave packet; a global-scale circulation couples with a large-s...
COMPETITION AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN JAPAN

The primary objective of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between domestic competition and economic performance in Japan. Specifically, it compares two opposing views: (1) Sakakibara and Porter (2001) who state that the intensity of domestic competition or rivalry is the main determinant of Japanese export success, and; (2) Uriu (1996) who argues that concentrated industries possess more economic alternatives (e.g., flexible labor and capital inputs, diversification, ability to shift excess capacity overseas, etc.) for adjustment and growth than fragmented industries. Using Sakakibara and Porter’s original dataset as well as statistics from the Japan Industrial Productivity database, the local competition-export performance relationship is tested on two subsets (homogeneous good industry vs. heterogeneous good industry). Applying the method of principal components to correct for multicollinearity, I find that the key measure of competition, the concentration ratio, is positively and significantly related with industry exports, contrary to Sakakibara and Porter.
Byproducts of Computer Processing

Before these sessions are over, I shall probably hear at least one of the following questions: Why should I use the computer? What can I use the computer for? I shall probably not hear the question: How does the computer work? There are both good and real reasons to avoid the question of how a computer functions. As archivists our primary concern is the preservation of records and their orderly description. How can machines help us in our continuing struggle against backlog, mass, diversity of record, and diversity of record conditions? I sometimes think we almost enjoy our private professional dilemmas. Like the calluses on a farmer's hand, our burdens of backlog, mass, and diversity are symbols of our professional brotherhood. If we are really professionals, however, we are seldom stymied by burdens. As archivists we are determined to produce a distinguished archives. We are determined to keep backlog from stagnating, mass from swallowing us in our archival little acre, and diversity from burying the pure wealth of our record groups in a tundra of trivia. We are concerned with records preservation. How much intellectual control we can gain through machines or our own in-depth content analysis is totally dependent on maintaining physical control. There is another real reason why we do not often ask how the computer works. Someone is likely to tell us! He will discuss hardware in exotic terms when we have always thought of it as faucet washers and toggle bolts. He will tell us about software, system flows, interfaces, confrontations, sense switches, loads, bits, and bytes. With every word he will isolate us from the comfort of our own archival jargon like retention, disposal, chron files, record series, record groups, provenance, and respect des fonds.
Alternative VLSI Neural Chips

The first neural hardware built by M. Minsky and D. Edmonds in 1951 was composed of simple discrete devices such as vacuum tubes, motors, and manually adjusted resistors. The machine successfully demonstrated the learning capability of a Perceptron. The Madaline/Adaline [1] was applied to the first commercial product (Memistor) which can be used for pattern recognition and adaptive control applications. Conversely, present neurocomputing machines are composed of VLSI chips and electronic storage elements. The first general-purpose neurocomputing machine, Mark III, works with a VAX minicomputer to accelerate neural processing in software computation [2]. It was reported that the simulation speed of the integrated VAX-MARK machine can be improved by approximately 29 times than that of a VAX computer alone. The ANZA and Delta-1 printed-circuit boards are accelerators for IBM PC/AT personal computers. They are composed of several VLSI chips which function as the CPU, mathematical coprocessor, and memories. To make the neurocomputing hardware more powerful, design and fabrication of special VLSI neural chips are highly needed.
Low-velocity civilian gunshot wounds of the spine

This article describes a retrospective study on patients admitted to a level I trauma center between 1989 and 1993 with low-velocity gunshot wounds to the spine. Medical records and imaging studies were reviewed to determine patient demographics, neurologic deficit, prophylactic antibiotic administration, and rate of infection, spine stability, and principle associated injuries. A total of 37 patients with low-velocity gunshot wounds to the spine were identified and comprised 34% of all spinal injury patients. Neurologic outcome of the low-velocity gunshot wound to the spine depended on the level of the injury and the presenting neurologic deficit, as improvement of one or two Frankel grades occurred in only seven patients. Prophylactic antibiotics were given to 20 patients, and one infection occurred and was associated with colon perforation. In the absence of hollow viscus perforation, antibiotic prophylaxis did not appear beneficial. Spinal instability was noted in three patients with cervical injury and one patient with lumbar injury, and neurologic deficit was variable despite the presence of instability. The major associated injury was vascular occlusion or disruption in 8 of 12 (66%) cervical low-velocity gunshot wounds to the spine.
Stability and distribution of predator–prey systems: local and regional mechanisms and patterns

Explaining the coexistence and distribution of species in time and space remains a fundamental challenge. While species coexistence depends on both local and regional mechanisms, it is sometimes unclear which role each mechanism takes in a given ecosystem. Consequently, it is very hard to predict the response of the ecosystem to environmental changes. Here, we develop a model to study spatial patterns of coexistence, focusing on predator-prey and host-parasite populations. We show, both theoretically and empirically, that these systems may exhibit both local and regional patterns and mechanisms of coexistence. Changes in environmental parameters, such as spatial connectivity, may lead to a transition from regional to local coexistence or it may lead directly to extinction, depending on demographic parameters. This demonstrates the importance of simultaneously analysing interacting mechanisms that act at different spatial scales to understand the response of ecosystems to environmental changes.
Dynamic Data Shapers Optimize Performance in Dynamic Binary Optimization (DBO) Environment

Processor hardware has been architected with the assumption that most data access patterns would be linearly spatial in nature. But, most applications involve algorithms that are designed with optimal efficiency in mind, which results in non-spatial, multi-dimensional data access. Moreover, this data view or access pattern changes dynamically in different program phases. This results in a mismatch between the processor hardware's view of data and the algorithmic view of data, leading to significant memory access bottlenecks. This variation in data views is especially more pronounced in applications involving large datasets, leading to significantly increased latency and user response times. Previous attempts to tackle this problem were primarily targeted at execution time optimization. We present a dynamic technique piggybacked on the classical dynamic binary optimization (DBO) to shape the data view for each program phase differently resulting in program execution time reduction along with reductions in access energy. Our implementation rearranges non-adjacent data into a contiguous data view. It uses wrappers to replace irregular data access patterns with spatially local data view. HDTrans, a runtime dynamic binary optimization framework has been used to perform runtime instrumentation and dynamic data optimization to achieve this goal. This scheme not only ensures a reduced program execution time, but also results in lower energy use. Some of the commonly used benchmarks from the SPEC 2006 suite were profiled to determine irregular data accesses from procedures which contributed heavily to the overall execution time. Wrappers built to replace these accesses with spatially adjacent data led to a significant improvement in the total execution time. On average, 20% reduction in time was achieved along with a 5% reduction in energy.
From Dislocation Cores to high Temperature Strain rate Effects in L12 Compounds

It is now generally accepted that in many L12 compounds the yielding behavior is controlled by the special features of the cores of screw dislocations. In this paper we first summarize results of the atomistic studies of the core structures of the screw dislocations in these compounds. At this point we show that, depending on the atomic bonding, two distinct classes of L12 alloys exist. In the first, represented by alloys like Ni3Al, a glissile configuration of the core exists on {111} planes although a sessile configuration is energetically more favored. In the second class, represented by alloys like Pt3A1 and A13Ti modified by alloying into L12 structure, the cores of screw dislocations are always sessile. Using the results of the atomistic studies we present physical models explaining the temperature dependences of the yield stress in both classes of L12 alloys. At this point we also present a further development of the model for the anomalous temperature dependence of the yield stress in alloys like Ni3A1, originally put forward by Paidar et al. [15]. In this development strain rate effects are included and it is shown that the model explains not only the orientation dependences of the yield stress in the anomalous regime but also the very low strain rate sensitivity observed in this regime.
Relationship between interchain interaction, exciton delocalization, and charge separation in low-bandgap copolymer blends.

We present a systematic study of the roles of crystallinity, interchain interaction, and exciton delocalization on ultrafast charge separation pathways in donor–acceptor copoloymer blends. We characterize the energy levels, excited state structures, and dynamics of the interchain species by combined ultrafast spectroscopy and computational quantum chemistry approaches. The alkyl side chain of a highly efficient donor–acceptor copolymer for solar cell applications, PBDTTT (poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl), is varied to tune the molecular packing and interchain interaction of the polymers in order to elucidate the charge separation pathways originating from intrachain and interchain species. Polymers with linear side chains result in more crystalline polymer domain that lead to preferential formation of interchain excitons delocalizing over more than one polymer backbone in the solid state. Our results demonstrate that the...
TCTAP A-163 Association of Hypertension on Development of Coronary Collaterals in Severe Coronary Artery Disease

Hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases by two folds, including coronary artery disease and is associated with an increase frequency of higher classes of angina pectoris and a higher probability of having severe atherosclerotic lesion in the major coronary arteries. Coronary
Cultural Implication of Ancient Musical Instrument Zhuo Qin

Zhuo Qin(a kind of ancient Chinese musical instrument) plays an important role in the rhythms,tones,music,melody,comments of musical instrument study.Ancient Zhuo Qin,with exquisite workmanship,consists of rich human feelings and aesthetic connotation.It is manifested from the origin and imagination of the ancient musical instrument to the process of its making,including the choice of material,shape,sound design and so on.
Early childhood adversity potentiates the adverse association between prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and child IQ: The CHAMACOS cohort

Abstract Background Previous studies have observed an adverse association between prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticide (OPs) and child cognition, but few studies consider the potential role of social stressors in modifying this relationship. Objective We seek to explore the potential role of early social adversities in modifying the relationship between OPs and child IQ in an agricultural Mexican American population. Methods Participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a prospective longitudinal pre-birth cohort study, include 329 singleton infants and their mothers followed from pregnancy through age 7. Dialkyl phosphate metabolite concentrations (DAPs), a biomarker of organophosphate pesticide exposure, were measured in maternal urine collected twice during pregnancy and averaged. Child cognitive ability was assessed at 7 years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ⿿ Fourth Edition. Demographic characteristics and adversity information were collected during interviews and home visits at numerous time points from pregnancy until age 7. Results Among low-income Latina mothers and their children in the Salinas Valley, total adversity and specific domains of adversity including poor learning environment and adverse parent-child relationships were negatively associated with child cognition. Adverse associations between DAP concentrations and IQ were stronger in children experiencing greater adversity; these associations varied by child sex. For example, the association between prenatal OP exposure and Full-Scale IQ is potentiated among boys who experienced high adversity in the learning environment (β = ⿿13.3; p-value Conclusions Greater total and domain-specific adversity modifies negative relationships between prenatal OP exposure and child IQ differently among male and female children. These findings emphasize the need to consider plausible interactive pathways between social adversities and environmental exposures.
Sequence Assembly of Yarrowia lipolytica Strain W29/CLIB89 Shows Transposable Element Diversity

Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, is capable of accumulating significant cellular mass in lipid making it an important source of biosustainable hydrocarbon-based chemicals. In spite of a similar number of protein-coding genes to that in other Hemiascomycetes, the Y. lipolytica genome is almost double that of model yeasts. Despite its economic importance and several distinct strains in common use, an independent genome assembly exists for only one strain. We report here a de novo annotated assembly of the chromosomal genome of an industrially-relevant strain, W29/CLIB89, determined by hybrid next-generation sequencing. For the first time, each Y. lipolytica chromosome is represented by a single contig. The telomeric rDNA repeats were localized by Irys long-range genome mapping and one complete copy of the rDNA sequence is reported. Two large structural variants and retroelement differences with reference strain CLIB122 including a full-length, novel Ty3/Gypsy long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon and multiple LTR-like sequences are described. Strikingly, several of these are adjacent to RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes, which are almost double in number in Y. lipolytica compared to other Hemiascomycetes. In addition to previously-reported dimeric RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes, tRNA pseudogenes were identified. Multiple full-length and truncated LINE elements are also present. Therefore, although identified transposons do not constitute a significant fraction of the Y. lipolytica genome, they could have played an active role in its evolution. Differences between the sequence of this strain and of the existing reference strain underscore the utility of an additional independent genome assembly for this economically important organism.
A 174.3dB FoM VCO-based CT ΔΣ modulator with a fully digital phase extended quantizer and tri-level resistor DAC in 130nm CMOS

This paper presents a high dynamic range (DR), power efficient VCO-based continuous time ΔΣ modulator (CTDSM). It introduces a simple, robust and low power fully digital phase extended quantizer (PEQ) that doubles the VCO quantizer resolution compared to conventional XOR-based phase detector with minimum overhead. A tri-level resistor DAC is also introduced as complementary to the new quantizer, enabling high DR while creating a dynamic power saving mechanism for the proposed design. Fabricated in 130nm CMOS, the ADC achieved peak Schreier FoM of 174.3dB with a high DR of 89dB over 0.4MHz BW, consuming only 1mW under 1.2 V power supply. It also reaches a peak Walden FoM of 59fJ/conv with 74.7dB SNDR over 2MHz BW.
Cooperation Between Kinesin Motors Promotes Spindle Symmetry and Chromosome Organization in Oocytes

The oocyte spindle in most animal species is assembled in the absence of the microtubule-organizing centers called centrosomes. Without the organization provided by centrosomes, acentrosomal meiotic spindle organization may rely heavily on the bundling of microtubules by kinesin motor proteins. Indeed, the minus-end directed kinesin-14 NCD, and the plus-end directed kinesin-6 Subito are known to be required for oocyte spindle organization in Drosophila melanogaster . How multiple microtubule-bundling kinesins interact to produce a functional acentrosomal spindle is not known. In addition, there have been few studies on the meiotic function of one of the most important microtubule-bundlers in mitotic cells, the kinesin-5 KLP61F. We have found that the kinesin-5 KLP61F is required for spindle and centromere symmetry in oocytes. The asymmetry observed in the absence of KLP61F depends on NCD, the kinesin-12 KLP54D, and the microcephaly protein ASP. In contrast, KLP61F and Subito work together in maintaining a bipolar spindle. We propose that the prominent central spindle, stabilized by Subito, provides the framework for the coordination of multiple microtubule-bundling activities. The activities of several proteins, including NCD, KLP54D, and ASP, generate asymmetries within the acentrosomal spindle, while KLP61F and Subito balance these forces, resulting in the capacity to accurately segregate chromosomes.
"Bureaucratization, Professionalization, and Nonprofit Advocacy Engagement"

Rationalization in the nonprofit sector affects the sector’s civic identity. This paper examines the impacts of two strands of organizational rationalization, bureaucratization and professionalizat...
Interplay of water quality and vegetation in restored wetland plant assemblages from an agricultural landscape

Abstract Water quality degradation from excessive fertilizer use and runoff is a worldwide problem. While this degradation impacts wetlands, these systems can also be a vehicle for water quality improvement. Restoration of wetlands in agricultural landscapes has recently increased, but little work has evaluated the relationship of plant assemblages and water quality parameters in restored, non-treatment wetlands. This study examines the impact of self-designed wetland plant assemblages on nitrogen and sediment dynamics. Thirty mesocosms were seeded with soil from restored wetlands and allowed to develop from the seed bank to emergent assemblages. During the 2015 growing season (seven to nine months after establishment), these assemblages were exposed to treatment loads of nitrogen and sediment, common stressors to wetlands in agricultural landscapes. Water samples were taken up to five days post-treatment in July and September to quantify interactions between the stressors and plant assemblages. Analyses showed plant assemblage identify was not structured by treatment, but by the site of soil origin. Treatment removal rates were influenced by total amount of the stressor present, with nitrogen removal rates being higher, in relative terms, in low nitrogen amended treatments. Additionally, plant quality, not quantity, was linked to nitrogen and sediment loss rates, and over time, elevated nitrogen and sediment loads were associated with decreased plant assemblage quality. This study demonstrates the ability of plants from restored wetlands to affect nutrient and sediment dynamics, with three significantly differing plant assemblages all exhibiting substantial nutrient and sediment reduction capacity. Nevertheless, we also found that in a relatively short time (seven to nine months) common stressors in agricultural settings can significantly impact wetland plant assemblage quality, and that this may be linked to a reduced capacity for nutrient and sediment removal.
Forget memory: Creating better lives for people with dementia by Anne Davis Basting

Living well with dementia often focuses on the cognitive and physical constructs of wellness, overlooking the social or societal aspects that contribute to one’s experience with dementia. Anne Bast...
The Perioperative Management of the Acute Care Surgical Patient

In an apneic 70-year-man who is recovering in the intensive care unit after a protracted operative intervention 3 days ago, you notice that his ventilatory management is highlighted as follows: (A) Volume-cycle ventilation (B) FiO2 is 60% (C) PEEP is 15cm H2O (D) Pressure support (E) Endotracheal suctioning
Pterygium inversum unguis secondary to gel polish

Background Pterygium inversum unguis (PIU) is characterized by the abnormal adherence of the hyponychium to the ventral surface of the nail plate. It can be both unsightly and painful, resulting in morbidity for patients. Gel polish is a popular nail cosmetic that has been reported to cause several complications. PIU may be another adverse outcome. Objective To highlight a newly-recognized adverse effect of a popular beauty technique. Methods This retrospective and prospective case series reports 17 women who developed PIU after gel polish use. All study related activities occurred at a University of Miami dermatology outpatient clinic. Results All 17 subjects developed PIU after two to five years of gel polish application. Nine out of 17 patients reported using both UVA and LED light to cure gel polish. Of the remaining 8, 5 used LED-light only and 3 did not know or couldn't remember. All but two patients had resolution of PIU a few weeks after switching from gel polish to regular polish manicures. Conclusion While it remains undiscerned whether PIU is related to chemicals present in the gel polish or to the application and/or removal process of such, patients and dermatologists should be aware of the potential risks of gel manicures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Modeling the Lower Torso for Impact Scenarios

In this chapter, solid abdominal organs of the human abdomen are reviewed. This is followed by descriptions of various abdominal injury types and corresponding severities. A review of scientific literature reveals that there are many human abdomen models that have been developed by both academic and industrial institutions. Although great advances have been made over the last two decades, uncertainty regarding the material properties of abdominal solid organs and a paucity of experimental data still hinders the development of very high-fidelity abdomen models.
An Alternative Analytical Approach to Associative Processing

Associative Processing (AP) is a promising alternative to the Von Neumann model as it addresses the memory wall problem through its inherent in-memory computations. However, because of the countless design parameter choices, comparisons between implementations of two so radically different models are challenging for simulation-based methods. To tackle these challenges, we develop an alternative analytical approach based on a new concept called architecturally-determined complexity. Using this method, we asymptotically evaluate the runtime/storage/energy bounds of the two models, i.e., AP and Von Neumann. We further apply the method to gain more insights into the performance bottlenecks of traditional AP and develop a new machine model named Two Dimensional AP to address these limitations. Finally, we experimentally validate our analytical method and confirm that the simulation results match our theoretical projections.
Two-Stage Programming Projects: Individual Work Followed by Peer Collaboration

Programming projects are widely used in CS1 classes to develop students' coding skills. To improve the learning impact of these projects, we propose and study a special project format named two-stage project in an introductory computer science course. For the first stage, students submit their programming projects individually followed by a second stage where they are paired to work on the same project in order to create an improved solution. Through peer collaboration, students review each other's work from the first stage, and write correctly-styled, well-documented, and more thoroughly tested code during the second stage. We used isomorphic assessments before and after the second stage of a project to measure students' understanding of the course material. Results indicate that two-stage projects tend to improve student understanding of course learning objectives. We also studied students' perceptions and experiences with two-stage projects, and their confidence toward computing. Students liked working on two-stage projects because they saw new ways to approach the same problem, and they liked discussions with their peers.
Goldenhar syndrome (oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum): Findings on cone beam computed tomography—3 case reports

Background Goldenhar syndrome, also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, is a variant of hemifacial microsomia, a congenital condition affecting primarily aural, oral, and mandibular development, with vertebral anomalies, ocular abnormalities, and epibulbar dermoids. As a complex and heterogeneous condition, this disorder varies from mild to severe, and involvement is unilateral in many cases, but bilateral involvement is also known to occur. It presents several complex problems in treatment, requiring an integrated, multidisciplinary approach. Clinical and Radiographic Findings Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum has a wide range of clinical manifestations. This report describes radiographic features of the syndrome in 3 patients, as visualized on maxillofacial cone beam computed tomography. Pertinent radiographic findings include multiple substantial unilateral anomalies affecting the skull, cervical vertebrae, orbits, ears, maxilla, mandible, and teeth. Definitive Interpretation Radiographic features are consistent with those previously reported in the literature for oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. Conclusions It is important to emphasize the relevance of diagnostic imaging and characterization of the syndrome as well as the significance of coordinated diagnosis and management approaches among oral and maxillofacial radiologists and medical/dental specialists to allow for planning and implementation of interdisciplinary intervention at an early stage.
Periplasmic Membrane-Derived Oligosaccharides and Osmoregulation in Escherichia Coli

Membrane-derived oligosaccharides (MDO), found in the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative bacteria, are composed of 8–10 glucose united in a branched structure, joined by β1→2 and β1→6 linkages. They are a family of compounds, variously substituted with sn-1-phosphoglycerol residues, derived from the head-groups of phosphatidylglycerol, and with succinate in 0-ester linkage, as well as smaller amounts of phosphoethanolamine. A study of the turnover of membrane lipids led to the discovery of this novel class of cell constituents. The synthesis of MDO is strictly regulated by the osmolarity of the medium in which the cells are growing. A study of the enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of MDO may therefore shed light on the fundamental mechanisms by which cells sense the osmolarity of their surroundings and adapt to it. Progress in the elucidation of the biosynthetic pattern is reviewed.
Error correction for fire growth modeling

We construct predictions of fire boundary growth using level set methods. We generate a correction for predictions at the subsequent time step based on current error. The current error is captured by a thin-plate spline deformation from the initial predicted boundary to the observed boundary, which is then applied to the initial prediction at the subsequent time step. We apply these methods to data from the 1996 Bee Fire and 2002 Troy Fire. We also compare our results to earlier predictions for the Bee Fire using the FARSITE method. Error is measured using the Hausdorff distance. We determine conditions under which error correction improves prediction performance.
Pathways to Prejudice: Predicting Students' Heterosexist Attitudes with Demographics, Self-Esteem, and Contact with Lesbians and Gay Men.

A survey of 181 students revealed that negative attitudes toward lesbians and gay men were associated with being younger having less education, being male, and having less educated parents. No ethnic differences were found. Regression analyses supported a mediational model in which low self-esteem leads to less positive contact with lesbians and gay men, which, in turn, leads to more heterosexist attitudes.
Fluctuations in Angular Distributions of 12 C( 16 O, α) 24 Mg

Angular distributions for a number of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle groups from $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}$ were measured with 45-keV resolution at closely spaced energies centered on bombarding energies of 19, 31, 42, and 49 MeV. Fluctuations of the type described by Ericson were observed. The data near 31 MeV were extensive enough to permit a statistical analysis. Compound levels with spins of about 10 are predominant at this energy. The average coherence width is about 125 keV and is independent of angle. No finer structure was found when the energy resolution was reduced to 15 keV. The strength of the fluctuations is generally in agreement with the expectation for a pure compound-nucleus process, though some anomalies were discovered. The coherence angle is about 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, in agreement with expectation based on the size of the nucleus and the wave number. The angle-integrated average cross sections near 31 MeV are proportional to the statistical weights of the final levels.
Preliminary Assessment of an SFFS Method for Sub-Group Feature Identification in Heterogeneous Data Sets

Many biomedical pattern recognition problems involve disorders or conditions that present with different symptoms or features, resulting in a data set that is not homogeneous across an affected population. Examples of such data sets may include those describing autism spectrum disorders and mild cognitive impairment. In this paper, we describe preliminary analyses with synthetic data sets that simulate feature synergies inherent in many of these problems. A sequential forward floating search (SFFS) algorithm is then used to select relevant features for classification purposes. Our results suggest the SFFS method of feature selection may be an ideal technique when working with such data sets.
Self-sustaining positive feedback loops in discrete and continuous systems

Abstract We consider a dynamic framework frequently used to model gene regulatory and signal transduction networks: monotonic ODEs that are composed of Hill functions. We derive conditions under which activity or inactivity in one system variable induces and sustains activity or inactivity in another. Cycles of such influences correspond to positive feedback loops that are self-sustaining and control-robust, in the sense that these feedback loops “trap” the system in a region of state space from which it cannot exit, even if the other system variables are externally controlled. To demonstrate the utility of this result, we consider prototypical examples of bistability and hysteresis in gene regulatory networks, and analyze a T-cell signal transduction ODE model from the literature.
A cellular complex of BACE1 and γ-secretase sequentially generates Aβ from its full-length precursor

Intramembrane proteolysis of transmembrane substrates by the presenilin-γ-secretase complex is preceded and regulated by shedding of the substrate's ectodomain by α- or β-secretase. We asked whether β- and γ-secretases interact to mediate efficient sequential processing of APP, generating the amyloid β (Aβ) peptides that initiate Alzheimer's disease. We describe a hitherto unrecognized multiprotease complex containing active β- and γ-secretases. BACE1 coimmunoprecipitated and cofractionated with γ-secretase in cultured cells and in mouse and human brain. An endogenous high molecular weight (HMW) complex (∼5 MD) containing β- and γ-secretases and holo-APP was catalytically active in vitro and generated a full array of Aβ peptides, with physiological Aβ42/40 ratios. The isolated complex responded properly to γ-secretase modulators. Alzheimer's-causing mutations in presenilin altered the Aβ42/40 peptide ratio generated by the HMW β/γ-secretase complex indistinguishably from that observed in whole cells. Thus, Aβ is generated from holo-APP by a BACE1-γ-secretase complex that provides sequential, efficient RIP processing of full-length substrates to final products.
Characterization and Quantification of Highly Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Isomers by Gated-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry Negative Electron Transfer Dissociation MS/MS

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play vital roles in many biological processes and are naturally present as complex mixtures of polysaccharides with tremendous structural heterogeneity, including many structural isomers. Mass spectrometric analysis of GAG isomers, in particular highly sulfated heparin (Hep) and heparan sulfate (HS), is challenging because of their structural similarity and facile sulfo losses during analysis. Herein, we show that highly sulfated Hep/HS isomers may be resolved by gated-trapped ion mobility spectrometry (gated-TIMS) with negligible sulfo losses. Subsequent negative electron transfer dissociation (NETD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of TIMS-separated Hep/HS isomers generated extensive glycosidic and cross-ring fragments for confident isomer differentiation and structure elucidation. The high mobility resolution and preservation of labile sulfo modifications afforded by gated-TIMS MS analysis also allowed relative quantification of highly sulfated heparin isomers. These results show that the gated-TIMS-NETD MS/MS approach is useful for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of highly sulfated Hep/HS compounds in a manner not possible with other techniques.
Mortgages and Merger

Commentary on a recent case denying a mortgagee the opportunity to cure the omission of a junior lienor from its foreclosure action because of the doctrine of merger.
Regulatory considerations of delayed autologous islet infusion in a 4-year-old child undergoing total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.

In patients undergoing total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis, isolation, and infusion of autologous islets must comply with Good Manufacturing Practices standards established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but does not standardly require an Investigational New Drug (IND) status. We report a case of a 4-year-old child with severe hereditary pancreatitis who developed clinical sepsis during total pancreatectomy (TP) surgery; subsequent pancreas, islet, and blood cultures were positive for Enterococcus. Because of clinical deterioration, planned islet infusion was aborted and islets were kept viable in a culture period while the patient was stabilized. Two days later, 38 000 islet equivalents (IEQ, 2808 IEQ/kg) were infused in a second procedure. Because maintaining the islets in culture met the FDA standard for "more than minimal" tissue manipulation, an emergency IND was obtained from the FDA to permit delayed infusion. The patient tolerated islet infusion well, and subsequently has partial islet graft function with normal glucoses and minimal insulin needs. This case highlights the possibility to delay islet infusion in an emergency, the potential for success with few islets in a young child, and the need to consider regulatory complexities of islet transplant in this situation.
Temp: How American Work, American Business, And The American Dream Became Temporary. By Louis Hyman. (New York, NY: Viking, 2018. Pp. x, 388. $28.00.)

By now, much of the story of temporary employment and its discontents is familiar even to a general audience. But sometimes our understanding of the contemporary “gig economy” stops there, even tho...
Norovirus Capsid Protein-Derived Nanoparticles and Polymers as Versatile Platforms for Antigen Presentation and Vaccine Development

Major viral structural proteins interact homotypically and/or heterotypically, self-assembling into polyvalent viral capsids that usually elicit strong host immune responses. By taking advantage of such intrinsic features of norovirus capsids, two subviral nanoparticles, 60-valent S60 and 24-valent P24 nanoparticles, as well as various polymers, have been generated through bioengineering norovirus capsid shell (S) and protruding (P) domains, respectively. These nanoparticles and polymers are easily produced, highly stable, and extremely immunogenic, making them ideal vaccine candidates against noroviruses. In addition, they serve as multifunctional platforms to display foreign antigens, self-assembling into chimeric nanoparticles or polymers as vaccines against different pathogens and illnesses. Several chimeric S60 and P24 nanoparticles, as well as P domain-derived polymers, carrying different foreign antigens, have been created and demonstrated to be promising vaccine candidates against corresponding pathogens in preclinical animal studies, warranting their further development into useful vaccines.
Sum Rate Capacity of MIMO HetNet Systems in the Presence of Channel Estimation Error.

In this paper, the impact of channel estimation error (CEE) on the sum-rate capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is investigated. It is assumed that the receiver is a linear minimum mean-square (LMMS) receiver. The architecture is based on the deployment of macro base stations with large antenna arrays and a secondary tier of small cell base stations having fewer number of antenna arrays. The key contribution of the paper is to highlight the noticeable impact of CEE on the sum-rate capacity of macro-cells. Furthermore, it is shown that CEE has only marginal impact on the sum-rate capacity of small cells. Simulations for the sum rate of macro users versus that of the small cell users for time-division duplex (TDD) are performed and the results are compared with the case when channel estimation error is present.
A Microwave Sensor With Submillimeter Range Accuracy Using Spectrally Sparse Signals

Many modern and emerging applications; including sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), industrial process monitoring, and distributed phased arrays, among others; require high-accuracy localization. Achieving submillimeter accuracy requires wideband waveforms, typically linear frequency-modulated or spread-spectrum waveforms, which limits the use of low-cost commodity hardware such as software-defined radios, which have limited instantaneous bandwidths. In this letter, we demonstrate a novel approach to high-accuracy localization using spectrally sparse waveforms and a dual-channel microwave sensor. We use a dual-tone waveform with low-bandwidth pulse modulation, where each tone is generated and received by a separate transceiver on the two-channel sensor. The individual tones may be separated by any bandwidth up to the operational limitations of the system for increased localization accuracy, while using instantaneously narrowband signals on each channel. We demonstrate localization accuracy of $530~\mu \text{m}$ with tone separations of 450 MHz on a 2-GHz carrier frequency.