cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Catalytic oxidation studies with platinum and palladium

Abstract This study of the platinum- and palladium-catalyzed oxidation of selected organic compounds includes aliphatic alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and ketones. The relationship between chemical structure of reactants and the kinetic parameters of the catalytic reaction (activation entropy and activation energy) is elucidated by these measurements. Fractional surface coverage of the catalyst with chemisorbed oxygen and hydrogen abstraction from the organic compound appear to control the rates of catalytic oxidation. In the alkane series the activation energy diminishes to a constant value at butane. But the observed variations in activation entropy point to electron promotion from the adsorbate to a localized band of the solid as an important aspect of bond formation. Palladium is a less efficient oxidation catalyst than platinum primarily because of the stable oxide (PdO) formed, which exhibits catalytic properties of a metal-oxide semiconductor rather than those of a metal. In the oxidation of 2-propanol over platinum, the formation of acetone at a catalyst temperature near 385 °K was observed.
Cumulative trauma and midlife well-being in American women who served in Vietnam: effects of combat exposure and postdeployment social support.

Background and Objectives: Research increasingly demonstrates that trauma exposure can have cumulative effects, yet much remains to be learned about effects of cumulative trauma, particularly regarding longer term adjustment. One such trauma, combat exposure, is insufficiently understood, especially for women, who are increasingly engaged in professional combat activities. Design: The study comprised a cross-sectional survey assessing multiple aspects of current well-being in women approximately 25 years after their service in Vietnam during the Vietnam War. Methods: Participants were 1374 women (78% military and 22% nonmilitary; mean age = 59.7). This study investigated the relations between three separate categories of trauma exposure (childhood, adulthood, and combat) and well-being and examined whether perceived social support at return from Vietnam moderated the association between combat exposure and well-being. Results: While both childhood and adulthood trauma exposure related to midlife well-bein...
On the Sensitivity Calibration of Implanted Pressure Transducers

A nonsurgical technique is described which permits the sensitivity calibration of implanted pressure transducers and associated telemetry links.
Audiophotography: practice and prospects

The value and practice of recording sound with still photographs was explored in an audiocamera field trial. The findings challenge the current industry view that the value of sound capture lies in the voice labelling of photos. Instead they suggest that ambient sounds-of-the-moment have far higher value as a way of bringing photos to life and improving human memory for events.
Igbo and myth Igbo: Culture and ethnicity in the Atlantic World, 1600–1850

(2000). Igbo and myth Igbo: Culture and ethnicity in the Atlantic World, 1600–1850. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 1-20.
Compulsivity, Substance Use, and Loneliness: The Loneliness and Sexual Risk Model (LSRM)

Negative affective states have been consistently associated with sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). While research has focused on the influence of depression and anxiety on risk behavior, few studies have examined the effect of loneliness on HIV-related risk behavior. This article examines the Loneliness and Sexual Risk Model (LSRM) which postulates that loneliness is associated with sexual risk behavior and that this relationship is mediated by the influence of substance use and compulsive behavior. Therefore, successfully addressing loneliness and its underlying causes is likely to result in subsequent reductions in risk behaviors. Clinical practice considerations are discussed.
A DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF THE FERMI CONTACT CONTRIBUTION TO THE NUCLEAR SPIN-SPIN COUPLING CONSTANT

Abstract The authors' magnetic field density functional theory is extended to include electron spin-dependent interactions. Coupling the new theory with traditional spin density functional theory in the local limit yields a linear differential equation for the net spin density. The coefficients in the equation are functions of the electron density in the absence of a nuclear spin.
Sex hormone receptor repertoire in breast cancer.

Classification of breast cancer as endocrine sensitive, hormone dependent, or estrogen receptor (ER) positive refers singularly to ERα. One of the oldest recognized tumor targets, disruption of ERα-mediated signaling, is believed to be the mechanistic mode of action for all hormonal interventions used in treating this disease. Whereas ERα is widely accepted as the single most important predictive factor (for response to endocrine therapy), the presence of the receptor in tumor cells is also of prognostic value. Even though the clinical relevance of the two other sex hormone receptors, namely, ERβ and the androgen receptor remains unclear, two discordant phenomena observed in hormone-dependent breast cancers could be causally related to ERβ-mediated effects and androgenic actions. Nonetheless, our understanding of regulatory molecules and resistance mechanisms remains incomplete, further compromising our ability to develop novel therapeutic strategies that could improve disease outcomes. This review focuses on the receptor-mediated actions of the sex hormones in breast cancer.
Gene delivery of Homer1c rescues spatial learning in a rodent model of cognitive aging

Homer1c has been shown to play a role in learning and memory. Overexpression of Homer1c in the hippocampus can improve memory in normal rats and can also rescue spatial learning deficits in Homer1 knockout mice. In a previous study, we found that Homer1c mRNA is upregulated after a spatial learning paradigm in aged rats that successfully learn the task, when compared to aged rats that are learning-impaired (AI). This study was designed to validate the role of Homer1c in successful cognitive aging. In this article, we report that gene delivery of Homer1c into the hippocampus of aged learning-impaired rats significantly improves individual performance on an object location memory task. The learning ability of these rats on the Morris Water Maze was also superior to that of AI control rats. In summary, using 2 independent spatial memory tasks, we demonstrate that Homer1c is sufficient to improve the spatial learning deficits in a rodent model of cognitive aging. These results point to Homer1c as a potential therapeutic target for improving age-related cognitive impairment.
Diagnosis of nonprimary pancreatic neoplasms by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a proven modality for the diagnosis of primary pancreatic neoplasms. We describe our experience in diagnosing nonprimary pancreatic tumors by EUS-FNA. Cytology files were searched for all EUS-FNA of the pancreas for the period 2000–2002. All cases diagnosed as neoplasms were selected and those diagnosed as nonprimary pancreatic tumors were reviewed and analyzed. One hundred ninety-one of 468 cases were diagnosed as neoplasms. Eleven of these cases were diagnosed as nonprimary pancreatic tumors (2.4% of all diagnoses and 5.7% of all neoplasms). The diagnoses were supported by clinical history (n = 7), cytological findings (n = 11), cell block histology (n = 11), cell block immunohistochemistry (n = 6), and flow cytometry (n = 1). EUS-FNA is a safe and minimally invasive method for the diagnosis of nonprimary pancreatic neoplasms. Evaluation of clinical history, cytomorphology, and ancillary techniques, especially those applied to cell block material, are essential for accurate diagnoses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:313–318. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
3D-vertical integration of sensors and electronics

Abstract Technologies are being developed which enable the vertical integration of sensors and electronics as well as multilayer electronic circuits. New thinning and wafer bonding techniques and the formation of small vias between resulting thin layers of electronics enable the design of dense integrated sensor/readout structures. We discuss candidate technologies based on SOI and bulk CMOS. A prototype 3D chip developed at Fermilab that incorporates three tiers of 0.18 μ m CMOS is described.
Fully connected decentralized estimation

This paper addresses the multisensor estimation problem for both linear and nonlinear systems in a fully connected decentralized sensing architecture. The sensor data fusion problem is identified and the case for decentralized architectures, rather than hierarchical or centralized ones, is made. Fully connected decentralized estimation algorithms in both state and information spaces are then developed. The intent is to show that decentralized estimation is feasible and to demonstrate the advantages of information space over state space. The decentralization procedure is then repeated for the extended Kalman filter and extended information filter to produce decentralized filters for nonlinear systems. The four filters are compared and contrasted. In appraising the algorithms the problems associated with the requirement for a fully connected topology are identified.
European ancestry and resting metabolic rate in older African Americans

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) contributes 60–80% of total energy expenditure and is consistently lower in populations of African descent compared with populations of European populations. Determination of European ancestry (EA) through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis would provide an initial step for identifying genetic associations that contribute to low RMR. We sought to evaluate the association between RMR and EA in African Americans. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry in 141 African American men and women (aged 74.7±3.0 years) enrolled in a substudy of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Ancestry informative markers were used to estimate individual percent EA. Multivariate regression was used to assess the association between RMR and EA after adjustments for soft tissue fat-free mass (STFFM), fat mass, age, study site, physical activity level and sex. Mean EA was 23.8±16% (range: 0.1–70.7%) and there were no differences by sex. Following adjustments, each percent EA was associated with a 1.6 kcal/day (95% Confidence interval: 0.42, 2.7 kcal/day) higher RMR (P=0.008). This equates to a 160 kcal/day lower RMR in a population of completely African ancestry, with one of completely European ancestry. Additional adjustment for trunk STFFM that partially accounts for high-metabolic rate organs did not affect this association. EA in African Americans is strongly associated with higher RMR. The data suggest that population differences in RMR may be due to genetic variants.
Procedural Rules and the Study of Deviant Behavior

This paper examines a set of extra-theoretical rules that has for some time dominated the field of deviance: Avoid the evil-causes-evil fallacy. Seek good explanations of evil phenomena. Seek evil explanations of good phenomena. Avoid id arguments. Do not try to explain one thing by the absence of something else. Steer clear of kinds-of-people theories. Do not assume the values of the group making the rules. Appreciate deviance. These rules are a central part of the oral traditions of the field; they frequently appear in print; and they have molded several important theories of deviance. Each of them is criticized from an empiricist point of view. A new set of procedural rules is not proposed.
Differences in diploids synthesized between the same parental strains ofPenicillium chrysogenum

Previous work showed that differences in penicillin yield could be demonstrated between diploids of independent origin from the same pair of parental strains ofPenicillium chrysogenum. It was suggested that segregation processes or spontaneous mutation, either of which could occur prior to testing the diploids, might be responsible for such differences. The present work gave results more strongly supporting a mutation hypothesis.
Mellor on Negative Properties

Etude de l'argument contre les proprietes negatives, disjonctives ou conjonctives, developpe par D. H. Mellor dans un article recent (in «Matters of metaphysics», 1991). Comparant l'argument de Mellor aux arguments analogues de la propriete et de l'objet, l'A. montre que le probleme reside dans la confusion liee a la signification extensionnelle ou intensionnelle de l'expression le fait que, utilisee comme operateur propositionnel dans un contexte extensionnel
Pulmonary arterial pressure method for estimating the ventricular stroke volume.

Surveillance of the pulmonary arterial (PA) and capillary wedge (PCW) pressures in coronary care units has been widely accepted as a safe and valuable procedure in the clinical management of acute myocardial infarction.1,2 The PA and PCW pressures provide a reasonable index of the left ventricular performance and serve as a useful guide in the therapeutic management of the patient. Work was undertaken for this report to determine if additional useful information could be derived from these measurements with a pulmonary arterial pressure method for estimating the right ventricular stroke volume.
Laboratory and Cyclotron Requirements for Pet Research

In a discussion such as this concerning facility configuration, it is desirable to have a common set of references to ensure that everyone is clear about what is being discussed. To this end I have chosen four categories that were formally defined by a task group on PET site and facility planning set up by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (1). It is obvious that there is really a continuum of facilities and the lines of definition are purely arbitrary. The four categories are:
A comment on “single-peakedness and guttman scales: Concept and measurement”

tn a recent article in this journal, Niemi and Weisberg (1974) have compellingly shown the falsity of the plausible assumption (made by Grofman, 1968 and others: see citations, Niemi and Weisberg, 1974) that Guttman scalability (see Stouffer, et al., 1950 MacRae, 1970) is equivalent to single peakedness (see Black, 1958 Arrow, 1962, and Coombs, 1964). They have further demonstrated that, in general, information about individual votes on a series of items found to be Guttman scalable does not yield the locations of those individuals' ideal points in some space, unidimensional or otherwise. Niemi and Weisberg (1974) focus on the question of whether Guttman scalability implies single-peaked preferences. If this implication would be demonstrated then various theorems on single-peakedness and equilibria in voting outcomes (e.g., Black, 1958 Arrow, 1962) would have been shown to be applicable to the legislative or judicial context where sizeable subsets of Guttman scalable issues have been found (MacRae, 1970; Rhode, 1972). Furthermore, spatial models of voter choice which postulate single-peaked preferences (e.g., Downs, 1957) could be applied to data on attitude dimensions shown to be Guttman scalable (e.g.,
Sleep Strategies of Night-Shift Nurses on Days Off: Which Ones are Most Adaptive?

Objectives: To determine the off-shift sleep strategies of bi-ethnic night shift nurses, the relationship between these sleep strategies and adaptation to shift work, and identify the participant-level characteristics associated with a given sleep strategy. Methods: African American and non-Hispanic White female, night shift nurses from an academic hospital were recruited to complete a survey on sleep-wake patterns (n = 213). Participants completed the Standard Shiftwork Index and the Biological Clocks Questionnaire to determine sleep strategies and adaptation to night shift work. In addition, chronotype was determined quantitatively with a modified version of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire. Most participants worked approximately three consecutive 12-hour night shifts followed by several days off. Results: Five sleep strategies used on days off were identified: a) Night Stay, b) Nap Proxy, c) Switch Sleeper, d) No Sleep, and e) Incomplete Switcher. Nap Proxy and No Sleep types were associated with poorer adaptation to night shift work. The Switch Sleeper and Incomplete Switcher types were identified as more adaptive strategies that were associated with less sleep disturbance, a later chronotype, and less cardiovascular problems. Conclusions: Behavioral sleep strategies are related to adaptation to a typical night-shift schedule among hospital nurses. Nurses are crucial to the safety and well-being of their patients. Therefore, adoption of more adaptive sleep strategies may reduce sleep/wake dysregulation in this population, and improve cardiovascular outcomes.
Effect of maximum likelihood-median processing on the contrast-to-noise ratio in digital chest radiography

Previously, we have shown that Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) can be used to effectively estimate a scatter reduced image in digital chest radiography; however, the MLEM technique is known to increase image noise. A MLEM-median (ML- median) technique has been implemented that follows each MLEM iteration with a 3x3 median filter for noise reduction. Subjective image quality of the scatter reduced ML-median processed image was improved over the original measured image with enhanced visualization of the retrocardiac region and the mediastinum. In both the mediastinum and the lung region, contrast was significantly improved, while percent noise (noise) was only slightly increased over that of the measured image. The contrast-to-percent noise ratio (CNF) in these regions was increased 130 percent, on average. ML-median processing was compared to Bayesian Image Estimation that incorporated a Gibb's prior. CNR for the ML-median technique was increased 16.5 percent and 49.7 percent in the lung and mediastinum regions, respectively, over that of the Bayesian technique. The effect of ML-median processing on resolution was also examined.
Optimal performance of a geothermal heat-engine-driven heat-pump system

A geothermal heat-powered, low-temperature Rankine cycle is suitable for the operation of a conventional mechanical compression heat-pump cycle in providing heating and cooling loads. This system is analyzed using a finite-time thermodynamic approach. The only irreversibilities are associated with heat transfer between the system and surrounding thermal reservoirs.
The shaping of pharyngeal cartilages during early development of the zebrafish.

In zebrafish the cartilages of the pharynx develop during late embryogenesis and grow extensively in the larva before eventually being replaced by bone. Here we examine chondrocyte arrangements, shapes, numbers, and divisions in the young hyoid cartilages. We observe two distinct developmental phases, morphogenesis and growth. The first phase generates stereotypically oriented chondrocyte stacks that might form by intercalations among cells within the precartilage condensations. In mutants that have deformed cartilages the orientation of the stacks is changed, and we propose that their correct formation underlies the correct initial shaping of the organ. The following period of rapid, nearly isometric cartilage growth occurs by divisions of chondrocytes that are largely located near the joints, and appears to be under quite separate regulation.
An integrated gravity and remote sensing assessment of ground-water resources in central Chihuahua, Mexico

The City of Chihuahua is located in the central portion of the state of Chihuahua in northwestern Mexico. The water resources in this semi-arid region are scarce and the city is experiencing difficulty meeting its water needs. Most of its water comes from nearby basins whose structure is poorly known, other than the recognition that the area is located in the Basin and Range Province. For this study 1,000 gravity stations distributed over an area of 1,200 km 2 provided a Bouguer gravity anomaly map of portions of three basins. Satellite imagery confirmed and defined the local geology and provided a base map for the interpretation of the Bouguer anomalies. Gravity data and a compilation of drill hole and geologic data were used to construct two gravity models of the basins. These integrated structural models reveal grabens filled with Cenozoic sediments with maximum depths in the range of 1,500 to 3,000 m. Some gravity lows indicate possible deep basins obscured by igneous cover. These results suggest the basins may contain aquifers capable of providing additional potable water for the growing population.
Iron-Semiquinone, Semiquinone-Semiquinone, and Iron-Iron Magnetic Exchange in Monomeric and Dimeric Ferric Complexes Containing the 3,6-Di-tert-butyl-1,2-semiquinonate Ligand.

Fe(3,6-DBSQ)(3) has been prepared by reacting 3,6-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone with Fe(CO)(5). The complex has been characterized structurally [orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 18.277(5) A, b = 11.634(3) A, c = 39.903(10) A, V = 8485(4) A(3), Z = 8, R = 0.063], electrochemically, and magnetically. Ligand-based redox couples are observed in electrochemical experiments that consist of reversible or quasireversible Cat/SQ steps at negative potentials and irreversible SQ/BQ oxidations at positive potentials. Magnetic measurements show temperature dependence that arises from antiferromagnetic exchange. Data have been fit to an expression that includes the effects of both Fe-SQ and SQ-SQ exchange with the result that J(SQ-SQ) is larger in magnitude than J(Fe-SQ). In methanol, the complex undergoes solvolysis to form [Fe(3,6-DBSQ)(2)(m-OMe)](2). Structural characterization [triclinic, Po, a = 11.441(2) A, b = 11.514(2) A, c = 14.552(2) A, alpha = 67.86(1) degrees, beta = 70.51(1) degrees, gamma = 72.79(1) degrees, V = 1641.8(5) A(3), Z = 1, R = 0.048] has shown that the molecule is a centrosymmetric dimer with no close intermolecular contacts. The temperature dependence of magnetic measurements has been fit to a model consisting of two interacting S = (3)/(2) centers that arise from strong Fe-SQ exchange with J(Fe-Fe) = -22.4 cm(-1).
Sources and sinks of low molecular weight organic carbonyl compounds in seawater

Abstract Results from laboratory studies indicated that low molecular weight (LMW) carbonyl compounds, especially formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and glyoxal, can be formed in seawater by photochemical processes. Once formed, these compounds appear to be readily consumed by biota. These results suggest that concentrations of LMW carbonyl compounds should undergo diurnal variations in the illuminated layer of the sea. In support of this, diurnal fluctuations of LMW carbonyl concentrations were observed in humic-rich surface waters off the west coast of Florida over a three day sampling period using a shipboard HPLC system. Fluctuations in acetaldehyde were particularly strong and reproducible, with steady night-time concentrations of 2–3 nM and day-time concentrations reaching a maximum of 20–30 nM in the early afternoon. In contrast, diurnal fluctuations in formaldehyde were less distinct, ranging from 15 to 50 nM. The laboratory and field results are discussed in terms of biotic/abiotic sources and sinks of LMW carbonyl compounds in surface seawater. It is speculated that photooxidative cleavage of biologically refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater to yield LMW organic fragments, such as carbonyl compounds, may be important in the breakdown and geochemical cycling of DOM in the ocean.
Optimization of Zone Refining with Decomposition

Abstract When decomposition occurs during zone melting, a maximum purification is obtained for an optimal number of zone passes and zone travel rate. The optimal zone travel rate increases with increasing stirring, decreasing distribution coefficient, and increasing length of rod. The optimal number of zone passes is frequently small, but increases with decreasing reaction kinetics and decreasing distribution coefficient. If the decomposition reaction is moderately fast, it does not pay to make more than a few zone passes over a rod a few zone lengths long.
Embryo Mortality in Isg15-/- Mice Is Exacerbated by Environmental Stress

The interferon-stimulated gene 15 (Isg15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is induced in the endometrium by pregnancy in mice, humans, and ruminants. Because ISG15 is a component of the innate immune system, we hypothesized that development of the embryo, fetus, and postnatal pup may be impaired in mice lacking Isg15 (Isg15(-/-)) and that this development would be further impaired in response to environmental insults such as hypoxia. The number of implantation sites, resorption sites, dead embryos, and the changes in overall gross morphology of the uterus were evaluated in Isg15(-/-) mice on Days 7.5 and 12.5 postcoitum (dpc). Postnatal development also was monitored from birth to 12 wk of age. On 7.5 dpc, the number of implantation sites and serum progesterone concentrations were similar. However, embryo mortality increased (P < 0.05) in Isg15(-/-) dams by 12.5 dpc, resulting in smaller litter sizes (4.26 ± 0.21 embryos; n = 83 litters) compared to Isg15(+/+) females (7.78 ± 0.29 pups; n = 47 litters). Embryo mortality in Isg15(-/-) mice was further exacerbated to 70% when dams were stressed through housing under hypoxic conditions (PB = 445 mmHg; 6.5-12.5 dpc). Transmission electron microscopy revealed lesions in antimesometrial decidua as well as trophoblast cells adjacent to decidual cells on 7.5 dpc. ISG15 was localized to mesometrial decidua on 7.5 dpc. By 12.5 dpc, ISG15 was intensely localized to the labyrinth of the placenta. By 7.5 dpc, uterine natural killer cell migration into the mesometrial pole was diminished by 65% and was less prevalent in Isg15(-/-) compared to Isg15(+/+) deciduum. Postnatal growth rate of offspring that survived to birth from Isg15(-/-) and Isg15(+/+) dams was not different. Embryo mortality occurs in pregnant Isg15(-/-) mice, is exacerbated by environmental insults like maternal hypoxia, and might result from impaired early decidualization, vascular development, and formation of the labyrinth.
The influence of membrane physical properties on microvesicle release in human erythrocytes

Exposure of human erythrocytes to elevated intracellular calcium causes fragments of the cell membrane to be shed as microvesicles. This study tested the hypothesis that microvesicle release depends on microscopic membrane physical properties such as lipid order, fluidity, and composition. Membrane properties were manipulated by varying the experimental temperature, membrane cholesterol content, and the activity of the trans-membrane phospholipid transporter, scramblase. Microvesicle release was enhanced by increasing the experimental temperature. Reduction in membrane cholesterol content by treatment with methyl-β-cyclodextrin also facilitated vesicle shedding. Inhibition of scramblase with R5421 impaired vesicle release. These data were interpreted in the context of membrane characteristics assessed previously by fluorescence spectroscopy with environment-sensitive probes such as laurdan, diphenylhexatriene, and merocyanine 540. The observations supported the following conclusions: 1) calcium-induced microvesicle shedding in erythrocytes relates more to membrane properties detected by diphenylhexatriene than by the other probes; 2) loss of trans-membrane phospholipid asymmetry is required for microvesicle release.
Short-range-order types in binary alloys: a reflection of coherent phase stability

The short-range order (SRO) present in disordered solid solutions is classified according to three characteristic system-dependent energies: (1) formation enthalpies of ordered compounds, (2) enthalpies of mixing of disordered alloys, and (3) the energy of coherent phase separation (the composition-weighted energy of the constituents each constrained to maintain a common lattice constant along an A/B interface). These energies are all compared against a common reference, the energy of incoherent phase separation (the composition-weighted energy of the constituents each at their own equilibrium volumes). Unlike long-range order (LRO), short-range order is determined by energetic competition between phases at a fixed composition , and hence only coherent phase-separated states are of relevance for SRO. We find five distinct SRO types, and give examples showing each of these five types, including Cu-Au, Al-Mg, GaP-InP, Ni-Au, and Cu-Ag. The SRO is calculated from first principles using the mixed-space cluster expansion approach combined with Monte Carlo simulations. Additionally, we examine the effect of inclusion of coherency strain in the calculation of SRO, and specifically examine the appropriate functional form for accurate SRO calculations.
Genesis and solvus relations of submicroscopically intergrown paragonite and phengite in a blueschist from northern California

Electron microbeam techniques have been used to examine submicroscopically intergrown paragonite, phengite and chlorite from the South Fork Mountain Schist of the Franciscan Terrane of northern California, which was subjected to blueschist facies metamorphism. The sample also contains quartz, albite, lawsonite, and rutile. The subassemblage albite-lawsonite-rutile requires metamorphic conditions on the low-temperature side of the equilibrium albite+lawsonite+rutile=paragonite+sphene+quartz+H2O (T<200° C and P<7.4 kbars based on thermodynamic data of Holland and Powell 1990). The white micas appear to be optically homogeneous, but back-scattered electron images can distinguish two different micas by their slight difference in contrast. Electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of micas show Na/(Na+K) ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. The two micas are resolved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as packets of phengite and paragonite that range from 20 to several hundred nm in thickness. The compositions, determined by analytical electron microscopy (AEM), constrain the limbs of the phengite-paragonite solvus to values of Na/(Na+K)=<0.02 and 0.97, representing less mutual solid solution than ever reported by EMPA. The textural relations imply that the sheet silicates were derived from reactions between fluids and detrital clays and that they are in an intermediate stage of textural development. We caution that microprobe analyses of apparently homogeneous sheet silicates may yield erroneous data and lead to faulty conclusions using phengite barometry and paragonite-muscovite thermometry, especially in fine-grained rocks that formed at relatively low temperatures.
Mössbauer Spectra of FeMo Alloys

M\"ossbauer spectra of $\mathrm{Fe}\mathrm{Mo}$ alloys have been obtained for a series of closely spaced compositions from 2.1 to 6.0 at.% Mo. The hyperfine field and peak widths show a composition dependence suggestive of overlap of the disturbed surroundings of impurity atoms, in accord with results of neutron-diffraction studies of dilute impurities in iron. Analysis of the data in conjunction with the recent unpublished magnetization results of Aldred led to the deduction of a fractional increase in average iron magnetic moment, $(\frac{1}{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{Fe}}})(\frac{d{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{Fe}}}{\mathrm{dC}})$, of 0.25 per at.% and a magnetic moment per Mo atom of 0.4${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ directed antiparallel to the iron moment, the latter value in good agreement with the neutron-diffraction results.
Remote sensing of cirrus cloud vertical size profile using MODIS data

[1] This paper describes an algorithm for inferring cirrus cloud top and cloud base effective particle sizes and cloud optical thickness from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 0.645, 1.64 and 2.13, and 3.75 μm band reflectances/radiances. This approach uses a successive minimization method based on a look-up library of precomputed reflectances/radiances from an adding-doubling radiative transfer program, subject to corrections for Rayleigh scattering at the 0.645 μm band, above-cloud water vapor absorption, and 3.75 μm thermal emission. The algorithmic accuracy and limitation of the retrieval method were investigated by synthetic retrievals subject to the instrument noise and the perturbation of input parameters. The retrieval algorithm was applied to three MODIS cirrus scenes over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's southern Great Plain site, north central China, and northeast Asia. The reliability of retrieved cloud optical thicknesses and mean effective particle sizes was evaluated by comparison with MODIS cloud products and qualitatively good correlations were obtained for all three cases, indicating that the performance of the vertical sizing algorithm is comparable with the MODIS retrieval program. Retrieved cloud top and cloud base ice crystal effective sizes were also compared with those derived from the collocated ground-based millimeter wavelength cloud radar for the first case and from the Cloud Profiling Radar onboard CloudSat for the other two cases. Differences between retrieved and radar-derived cloud properties are discussed in light of assumptions made in the collocation process and limitations in radar remote sensing characteristics.
Ureteral valves in children

Abstract Objectives. Congenital ureteral valves are a rare cause of ureteral obstruction in children, with only 42 cases having been reported in peer-reviewed literature. Eight additional cases of ureteral valves are herein reported. Methods. We report on the diagnosis and management of eight children with ureteral obstruction secondary to a ureteral valve. Results. Eight children with congenital ureteral valves were managed by ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy, ureteropyelostomy, or longitudinal ureterotomy with excision of valve leaflets. The obstruction was relieved in all. Conclusions. Ureteral valves should be included in the differential diagnosis of ureteral obstruction in children. Reconstruction is curative.
Medullary epithelial cell lines from murine thymus constitutively secrete IL-1 and hematopoietic growth factors and express class II antigens in response to recombinant interferon-γ

Abstract In this report, we describe the generation of two cloned epithelial cell lines, TE-71 and TE-75, from murine thymus. These cell lines resemble medullary thymic epithelium by a number of criteria, including reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies A2B5 and ER-TR5, the fucose-specific lectin derived from Ulex europeus, and the expression of keratins normally expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells in situ. Constitutive Class II antigen expression by these cells is not detectable at the light or electron microscopic level or with flow cytometry. Following exposure to recombinant interferon-γ or supernatants from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells, expression of Class II antigens by these thymic epithelial cell lines is increased, although less than the levels expressed by spleen cells. Medium conditioned by TE-71 and TE-75 cells exhibited colony-stimulating activity for bone marrow cells. In addition, TE-71 -conditioned medium exhibited IL-1-like activity which could be neutralized with anti-IL-1 antibodies.
Effect of accelerated crucible rotation on melt composition in high-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride

Abstract Three-dimensional axisymmetric, time-dependent simulations of the high-pressure vertical Bridgman growth of large-diameter cadmium zinc telluride are performed to study the effect of accelerated crucible rotation (ACRT) on crystal growth dynamics. The model includes details of heat transfer, melt convection, solid–liquid interface shape, and dilute zinc segregation. Application of ACRT greatly improves mixing in the melt, but causes an overall increased deflection of the solid–liquid interface. The flow exhibits a Taylor–Gortler instability at the crucible sidewall, which further enhances melt mixing. The rate of mixing depends strongly on the length of the ACRT cycle, with an optimum half-cycle length between 2 and 4 Ekman time units. Significant melting of the crystal occurs during a portion of the rotation cycle, caused by periodic reversal of the secondary flow at the solid–liquid interface, indicating the possibility of compositional striations.
The association between physical activity and quality of life in older women.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association between physical activity and quality of life in older women. Women over the age of 60 years, living independently or in assisted-care facilities, answered a number of questions pertaining to their health status, physical activity levels, and quality of life. Results indicated that the women living independently had significantly (P < .05) higher physical activity levels compared to the women living in assisted-care facilities. In addition, overall quality of life and the domains of physical health, social relationships, and environment were found to be significantly (P < .05) higher in the women living independently compared to the women living in assisted-care facilities. Correlational analyses revealed that physical activity levels correlated significantly (P < .05) with overall quality of life and the physical health domain. It is concluded that there is an association between physical activity levels and quality of life in older women.
Light-Harvesting Function in the Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum: II. Distribution of Excitation Energy between the Photosystems

The distribution of excitation energy between photosystems I and II (PSI and PSII) was investigated in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin) using light-induced changes in fluorescence yield and rate of modulated O(2) evolution. The intensity dependence of the fast fluorescence rise in dark adapted cells (+/-DCMU) suggests that light absorbed by the major antenna complex was not delivered preferentially to PSII but is more equally distributed between the photosystems. Reversible, slow fluorescence yield changes measured in the absence of DCMU were correlated with decreased initial fluorescence and rate constants for PSII photochemistry, increased variable fluorescence, alteration of the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, and could be effected by either 510 nm (PSII) or 704 nm (PSI) light. Slow, reversible fluorescence yield changes were also observed in the presence of DCMU, but were characterized by a loss of both initial and variable fluorescence and could not be induced by PSI light. The absence of slow changes in the yield of fluorescence and rate of modulated O(2) evolution, following addition or removal of PSI background light to modulated PSII excitation, does not support regulation of excitation energy density in PSI at the expense of PSII. The results suggest that adjustments are made at the level of excitation energy transfer to the PSII reaction center which prevent prolonged loss of photosynthetic capacity. Energy distribution is regulated by ionic distributions independently of the plastoquinone pool redox state. These differences in light-harvesting function are probably a response to the aquatic light field and may account for the success of diatoms in low and variable light environments.
The annual cycle of density of zooxanthellae in the tissues of field and laboratory-held Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus)

Abstract Three data sets collected over a number of years indicate that the density of zooxanthellae in the tissues of the hermatypic coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus) living in shallow water is approximately twice as high in winter as in summer. One of the data sets was obtained by sampling reef flat colonies. A second data set was obtained by sampling colonies maintained in outdoor laboratory tanks continuously supplied with sea water (laboratory controls) and a third set was maintained in similar tanks which were continuously supplied with ammonium enriched sea water. The set of nutrient-enriched corals showed higher algal densities than the control corals. Comparison of the annual pattern in these three sets with environmental variables suggests the pattern may be in response to seasonal differences in insolation, either visible or UV.
Heuristic and practical graphing of dose-response relationships

Abstract When two drugs are acting together, the analogue of a dose-response relationship becomes a three dimensional entity, a dose-dose-response curve. In turn, just as an overall dose-response relationship can be broken down into a series of connected graphs representing underlying steps, a system involving two drugs can be represented by an equivalent three dimensional model. An 'interaction plot' can be helpful in practical summarization of results when two drugs are use. D.R. Waud and B.E. Waud have tried to outline an approach to analysis of drug interactions both from the point of view of the somewhat complex underlying conceptual framework and from the more practical aspect of dealing with real data in a focused efficient and human-engineered manner. In particular, they present a format for clear graphical summarization and compact statistical analysis of experiments comparing effects of mixtures of drugs with those of their individual components.
RADIATION-INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF U(VI) ALTERATION PHASES OF UO2

U{sup 6+}-phases are common alteration products of spent nuclear fuel under oxidizing conditions, and they may potentially incorporate actinides, such as long-lived {sup 239}Pu and {sup 237}Np, delaying their transport to the biosphere. In order to evaluate the ballistic effects of {alpha}-decay events on the stability of the U{sup 6+}-phases, we report, for the first time, the results of ion beam irradiations (1.0 MeV Kr{sup 2+}) for six different structures of U{sup 6+}-phases: uranophane, kasolite, boltwoodite, saleeite, carnotite, and liebigite. The target uranyl-minerals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and identification confirmed by SAED (selected area electron diffraction) in TEM (transmission electron microscopy). The TEM observation revealed no initial contamination of uraninite in these U{sup 6+} phases. All of the samples were irradiated with in situ TEM observation using 1.0 MeV Kr{sup 2+} in the IVEM (intermediate-voltage electron microscope) at the IVEM-Tandem Facility of Argonne National Laboratory. The ion flux was 6.3 x 10{sup 11} ions/cm{sup 2}/sec. The specimen temperatures during irradiation were 298 and 673 K, respectively. The Kr{sup 2+}-irradiation decomposed the U{sup 6+}-phases to nanocrystals of UO{sub 2} at doses as low as 0.006 dpa. The cumulative doses for the pure U{sup 6+}-phases, e.g., uranophane, at 0.1 andmore » 1 million years (m.y.) are calculated to be 0.009 and 0.09 dpa using SRIM2003. However, with the incorporation of 1 wt.% {sup 239}Pu, the calculated doses reach 0.27 and {approx}1.00 dpa in ten thousand and one hundred thousand years, respectively. Under oxidizing conditions, multiple cycles of radiation-induced decomposition to UO{sub 2} followed by alteration to U{sup 6+}-phases should be further investigated to determine the fate of trace elements that may have been incorporated in the U{sup 6+}-phases.« less
The End of the Hamptons: Scenes from the Class Struggle in America's Paradise. Corey Dolgon; The Code of the City. Eran Ben-Joseph; Brave New Neighborhoods: The Privatization of Public Space. Margaret Kohn

(2006). The End of the Hamptons: Scenes from the Class Struggle in America's Paradise. Corey Dolgon; The Code of the City. Eran Ben-Joseph; Brave New Neighborhoods: The Privatization of Public Space. Margaret Kohn. Urban Geography: Vol. 27, Comparative Urban Spatial Segregation: International Perspective, Part II, pp. 575-583.
Spectral Regression with Low-Rank Approximation for Dynamic Graph Link Prediction

The paper mentions that the temporal regression model for the dynamic graph link prediction problem rests on spectral graph theory and low-rank approximation for the graph Laplacian matrix.
Heavy hybrids with constituent gluons

Hybrid meson energies are calculated in the static quark limit with the dynamical quark model (DQM). In the DQM, transverse gluons are represented as effective constituents with a dynamically generated mass. Hybrid masses are determined within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation for the resulting relativistic Salpeter equation. Although the general features of the adiabatic potential surfaces correspond with lattice data, the results disagree on level orderings. Similar problems appear to exist in all constituent glue models of hybrids. We conclude that constituent gluons do not accurately represent soft gluonic degrees of freedom. The steps necessary to correct this deficiency are discussed. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Effects of Z-pins on Lamb waves in composite plates

This experimental research investigates the effects of adding z-pins to a carbon fiber reinforced plate (CFRP) on Lamb wave propagation, such as mode conversion and reflections. The motivation for this study is derived from the current and expected future use of z-pins in aircraft structures coupled with the requirement to design structural health monitoring (SHM) systems for detecting damage in regions of composite structures with z-pins. This experimental study is conducted on two 4.8 mm thick CFRP test articles, where one plate has a 20 by 279 mm2 band of z-pins and the other does not. The z-pins have an average diameter of 0.28 mm and are inserted through the thickness of the panel with an area density of 4% before curing. A three-dimensional (3D) laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) was employed to collect velocity measurements over a 1 mm uniformly-spaced grid of 17,899 scan points. Time-sequenced 3D LDV scans are presented to show that adding this relatively small amount of z-pins to a 4.8 mm thick CFRP has few measureable effects on Lamb wave propagation.
Boundary exchange and scavenging of radionuclides in continental margin waters of the Middle Atlantic Bight: implications for organic carbon fluxes

Continental margins are sites where energy dissipation from physical (e.g., waves currents and tides) and biochemical process (e.g., rates of photosynthesis and decomposition) are highest. As a consequence, continental margins have been considered as possibly important sites of organic matter production and export to the ocean interior. As part of the Ocean Margins Program, vertical profiles of 234Th, 210Pb, particulate organic carbon, suspended particulate matter concentrations, vertical fluxes of sinking particles and associated natural radionuclides (e.g., 234Th, 210Pb, 14C), and elemental composition (e.g., C, N) were measured. Boundary scavenging and exchange processes of natural radionuclides and organic matter were investigated across the continental margin in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). Large deficiencies of 214Th with respect to production from 218U decay in the MAB down to 2300 m water depth imply rapid benthic nepheloid layer exchange processes not only in deeper water, but also in the upper water column of the continental slope. Calculated lateral fluxes of organic carbon, likely of episodic nature and related to the relative position of the Gulf Stream, are up to an order of magnitude larger than long-term vertical deposition rates in the sediments.
Reviews:Criticism at Century's End

Denis Donoghue, The Practice of Reading Geoffrey Hartman, A Critic’s Journey: Literary Reflections, 1958-1998 Richard Poirier, Trying It out in America: Literary and Other Performances