cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolving doppler-factor crisis in active galactic nuclei: Non-steady magnetized outflows

Magnetically driven non-stationary acceleration of jets in active galactic nuclei results in the leading parts of the flow being accelerated to much higher Lorentz factors than in the case of steady-state acceleration with the same parameters. The higher Doppler-boosted parts of the flow may dominate the high-energy emission of blazar jets. We suggest that highly variable GeV and TeV emission in blazars is produced by the faster moving leading edges of highly magnetized non-stationary ejection blobs, while the radio data trace the slower-moving bulk flow. Thus, the radio and gamma-ray emission regions have different, but correlated, Doppler factors. High-energy emission is generated, typically within the optically thick core, in the outer parts of the broad-line emission region, avoiding the radiative drag on the faster parts of the flow. The radio emission should correlate with the gamma-ray emission, delayed with frequency-dependent time lag of the order of weeks to months. Model predictions compare favorably with the latest Fermi γ-ray and MOJAVE radio very long baseline interferometry results.
A coinductive monad for prop-bounded recursion

This paper develops machinery necessary to mechanically import arbitrary functional programs into Coq's type theory, manually strengthen their specifications with additional proofs, and then mechanicaly re-extracting the newly-certified program in a form which is as efficient as the original program. In order to facilitate this goal, the coinductive technique of[Capretta2005] is modified to form a monad whose operators are the constructors of a coinductive type rather than functions defined over the type. The inductive invariant technique of [Krstic2003] is extended to allow optional "after the fact" termination proofs. These proofs inhabit members of Prop, and therefore do not affect extracted code. Compared to [Capretta2005], the new monad makes it possible to directly represent unrestricted recursion without violating productivity requirements [Gimenez1995], and it produces efficient code via Coq's extraction mechanism. The disadvantages of this technique include reliance on the JMeq axiom [McBride2000] and a significantly more complex notion of equality. The resulting technique is packaged as a Coq library, and is suitable for formalizing programs written in any side-effect-free functional language with call-by-value semantics. It can be downloaded from: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~megacz/computation.
PGAM-M expression is regulated pretranslationally in hindlimb muscles and under altered loading conditions

Enzymatic activity from the muscle-specific isoform of phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M) is higher within glycolytic skeletal muscles than in oxidative muscles. The hypothesis that PGAM-M is regulat...
Life in the Long Lane—A Review Essay on The Longevity Revolution: The Benefits and Challenges of Living a Long Life, by Robert N. Butler

Altogether the interval is small between birth and death … look to the immensity of time behind thee, and to the time which is before thee, another boundless space. In this infinity then what is th...
A Statistical Study of the Value of the Mexican Peso Relative to the Dollar and its Volatility

This paper studies the behavior of the Mexican peso during the floating exchange rate period of 1995-1996. We study the statistical properties of the exchange rate's daily fluctuations, and we compared them with those observed for other currencies. We conclude that except for the periods of extreme volatility experienced in 1995, which were associated with an increase in uncertainty towards the whole macroeconomic strategy, the volatility of the Mexican peso was similar to that experienced by other currencies under a floating exchange rate regime. We also study the effect of domestic and foreign interest rates on the exchange rate and its volatility. Finally, we look at the impact of exchange rate changes and foreign interest rates on domestic interest rates.
Effect of Coffee or Tea Consumption on Mortality and Morbidity: A Network Meta-Analysis of 58 Studies

Tea and coffee are the primary sources of caffeine in the world. Previous studies and meta-analyses suggested a U-shaped relationship between morbidity and coffee dose. On other hand recent large epidemiological study favored tea over coffee for morbidity prevention. We aimed to compare health
Metformin and lung cancer

Metformin, a commonly used anti-diabetic drug has emerged as a potential anti-cancer drug. Over the last few years, a mass of epidemiologic, outcomes and preclinical data has emerged demonstratic the potential clinical relevance and the mechanistic basis of the anti-cancer activity of this well tolerated drug in lung cancer. This review article summarizes this evidence that supports the trial of this drug in in lung cancer. Yendamuri S. Metformin and lung cancer. J Clin Sci Res 2014;3:26-32. Corresponding author: Sai Yendamuri . Associate Professor, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. e-mail: sai.yendamuri@roswellpark.org Received: 19 September, 2013. Metformin and lung cancer Yendamuri
Far infrared spectra of ring compounds: VI. Spectrum and conformation of 1,4-cyclohexadiene

Abstract The absorption spectrum of 1,4-cyclohexadiene vapor in the range 60–250 cm −1 shows only one band, which is of type C with Q -branch peaks of decreasing intensity in the order 107.7, 108.4, 107.0, 106.35, 105.75, 105.2, and 104.7 cm −1 . These are assigned to the B 2 u ring-puckering vibration of a D 2 h structure having a planar ring. A potential function computed a priori from the torsional and angle-bending potentials appropriate to this vibration gives fairly good quantitative agreement with the observed frequencies.
God’s Grace: The Language of Art or Polemics

In his brief but illuminating study of Bernard Malamud's fiction, Glenn Meeter distinguishes the novels of the quest from those of redemption. The latter portray "a change of heart, in contrast to the quest, whichat least if it is the quest of a'natural'-is a search for a change of conditions" (Bernard Malamud and Philip Roth 34). Malamud's last novel, God's Grace, begins with that most radical of all changes in condition, the apocalypse, and describes thereafter the life of one man, the sole human survivor in a postapocalyptic planet of the apes. Calvin Cohn seeks the redemption of the world through its dominant populace of primates, but the change of heart that is a precondition of conversion never occurs in the text. What the text does suggest, however, is a change of heart in its author. Unlike earlier works, in which Malamud fused the values of Judaism and Christianity in a symbolism derived from the Old and New Testament alike, God's Grace contains an explicit criticism of Catholicism and all that has been done in the name of Christianity. Malamud, it seems, departed from the embracing humanism of The Assistant and The Fixer, to a more exclusive interpretation of Judaism. Religion is never, in fact, absent from his work, though it is expressed in many forms: the spiritual angst of the outsider, the subject of racial conflict, the source of moral action, or any combination of these things. Hence any change in Malamud's attitude towards religion-as opposed to his multiform expression of it-is not merely an incidental alteration, as might be the case in a more secular writer, but is, rather, a change of profound significance. It is instructive to begin by recalling precisely how he used the religious theme in earlier works and, in particular, the novels of conversion. In The Assistant it is clear that Judaism operates as an ethical symbol rather than a specific religious creed. Morris Bober is a good Jew not because he adheres to the material restrictions of Judaism but because he understands and follows its spirit. He is a real Jew, that is, a real moral force, whereas Karp, the liquor store owner who breaks his promises, is not. Yakov Bok, in The Fixer, is an even more explicit example of one who, despite his initial rejection of his Jewishness, ultimately appreciates its ethical content and does good. His acceptance of Raisl's illegitimate son as his own and his resistance to the offer of a pardon which will never clear the Jews of the slur implied
Truman and the National Security Council: 1945-1947

tion. Although there were many political reasons why the council idea was promoted by various national leaders after World War II, its immediate impetus came from the administrative chaos of the Roosevelt administration. Harried wartime officials wanted to avoid such confusion in any future war. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall discussed the mechanism of the British cabinet secretariat with Winston Churchill as early as 1943. Churchill sent descriptions of the secretariat to Marshall who circulated them to Harry Hopkins and Admiral William Leahy, chief of staff to the President, and vigorously advocated the idea to Franklin D. Roosevelt, Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal, and Secretary of War Henry Stimson.3 Forrestal, apparently convinced of the need to establish something like the British war cabinet in the American system, began a long-term effort to bring the defense services together with the state department and other vital agencies in the formulation of coordinated foreign policies.4 He told Hopkins, in November 1944, that an organization similar to the joint chiefs of staff needed to be
AIDS and long-term care. An examination of Florida's Medicaid incentive reimbursement program.

P eople living with HIV/AIDS will have a greater need for long-term care options as the disease develops into a chronic, rather than an acute, condition. Nursing homes, a major component in the long-term care continuum, traditionally have been reluctant to admit PWAs, forcing some states to adopt incentive programs to encourage such admissions. The efficacy of such programs, however, has not been studied. This article will examine Florida's Medicaid AIDS nursing home admission incentive program, focusing on its effect on PWA admission rates in the state.
JP-5 and HRJ-5 Autoignition Characteristics and Surrogate Modeling

A heated rapid compression machine has been used to investigate the autoignition behavior of JP-5 and camelina-based hydrotreated renewable jet (HRJ-5) fuels. Testing was conducted at low temperatures (Tc = 627–733 K), low-to-moderate pressures (pc = 5, 10, and 20 bar), and lean (ϕ = 0.25 and 0.50) and stoichiometric mixtures in air. The HRJ-5 fuel, which is 99% paraffinic, exhibited greater reactivity than the JP-5 fuel in the form of shorter ignition delays. The HRJ-5 fuel also exhibited transition into the negative temperature coefficient region at a lower compressed temperature (Tc = 675 K) than the JP-5 fuel (Tc = 700 K). Two surrogate fuel blends and kinetic models intended for Jet-A and kerosene-type fuels are evaluated for their ability to predict JP-5 ignition delay times because JP-5 and Jet-A ignition delay times showed close resemblance. The models reproduced the qualitative trend in the data, including an accurate representation of when the negative temperature coefficient behavior appears. T...
Synonymous mutation gene design to overexpress ACCase in creeping bentgrass to obtain resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides

Overexpression of a native gene can cause expression of both introduced and native genes to be silenced by posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanisms. PTGS mechanisms rely on sequence identity between the transgene and native genes; therefore, designing genes with mutations that do not cause amino acid changes, known as synonymous mutations, may avoid PTGS. For proof of concept, the sequence of acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACCase) from creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) was altered with synonymous mutations. A native bentgrass ACCase was cloned and used as a template for the modified gene. Wild-type (WT) and modified genes were further modified with a non-synonymous mutation, coding for an isoleucine to leucine substitution at position 1781, known to confer resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. Five-hundred calli of creeping bentgrass 'Penn A-4' were inoculated with Agrobacterium containing either the WT or modified genes, with or without the herbicide-resistance mutation. Six herbicide-resistant-transgenic events containing the modified gene with the 1781 mutation were obtained. Transcription of the modified ACCase was confirmed in transgenic plants, showing that gene-silencing mechanisms were avoided. Transgenic plants were confirmed to be resistant to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide, sethoxydim, providing evidence that the modified gene was functional. The result is a novel herbicide-resistance trait and shows that overexpression of a native enzyme with a gene designed with synonymous mutations is possible.
Extended Common Information Model for Microgrid Energy Management System

Energy management system(EMS)application program interface standard IEC 61970 makes the power system automation development towards integrating and networking.Expanding common information model(CIM) based on IEC 61970,the concept of branch for modeling of different applications like photovoltaic,wind power,energy storage,etc.,is proposed.Then the concrete CIM for microgrid with low carbon and high efficiency is built,which constructs the integrated information model of microgrid.It is also introduced into microgrid EMS design and provides the unified interfaces for further developing advanced application program in microgrid EMS.
Etiology monitoring for infectious diarrhea in Haikou

Objective To understand the infection status of intestinal pathogenic bacteria in the patients of infectious diarrhea in Haikou, and to provide basic data and reference for the prevention and control of intestinal infectious diseases. Methods Shigella, Salmonella, and five kinds of E. coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing diarrhea were detected in the anal swab specimens of patients with diarrhea from March 2012 to November 2013.Results In the 281 samples tested, a total of 58 pathogens were detected, with the positive rate of 20.64%, including40 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus(68.97%), 6 strains of Aeromonas(10.35%), 5 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae(8.62%), 4 strains of Salmonella(6.90%), 1 strain of Shigella(1.72%), 1 strain of Plesimonas shigelloides(1.72%) and1 strain of Vibrio flurialis(1.72%). Conclusion There are various kinds of intestinal pathogenic bacteria in patients with infectious diarrhea in Haikou, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus has the highest detection rate, which should be monitored specially.
Single-step EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage using a large channel linear array echoendoscope and cystotome: results in 11 patients.

Context EUS-guided transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst has been reported using a linear array echoendoscope; however, placement of large 10 French stent was not feasible because of the limited diameter of the working channel. Recently linear array echoendoscopes with large working channel (3.7 to 3.8 mm) and newer accessories for pancreatic cyst puncture have become available; however, clinical data on their efficacy and safety in pancreatic pseudocyst drainage is not available.Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of a one-step real time EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage approach using a 3.8 mm channel linear array echoendoscope and cystotome.Design Prospective case series.Setting Tertiary care hospital endoscopy unit.Patients and interventions A total of 12 EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage procedures were performed in 11 patients with symptomatic pancreatic pseudocyst using a 3.8 mm channel linear array echoendoscope and cystotome.Main outcome measurements Complete resolution of pancreatic pseudocyst on imaging.Results Successful puncture of pancreatic pseudocyst and placement of 1 or 2 stents (10 Fr) was successful in all patients who were considered eligible for EUS-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage. Overall 9 patients out of a total of 11 (82%) were managed successfully with EUS-guided pseudocyst drainage. Two recurrences were noted over a mean follow-up period of 4 months (range 3-6 months). One patient underwent successful repeat drainage and the other patient was managed with surgical cystogastrostomy because of infected cyst contents. No major complication occurred.Limitations Uncontrolled, small sample size.Conclusions A single-step approach using a large channel (3.8 mm) linear array echoendoscope and cystotome appears feasible. This approach appears safe and effective in managing selected patients with symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts
Palladium@Platinum Concave Nanocubes with Enhanced Catalytic Activity toward Oxygen Reduction

We report the facile synthesis of Pd@Pt core–shell nanocubes with concave facets on the surface and their enhanced activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction. The success of this synthesis depends critically on our ability to manipulate both the deposition rate of atoms and the surface diffusion rate of the adatoms. In the first step, Pd nanocubes with side faces capped by Br− ions are transformed into concave nanocubes by seed-mediated growth. The PdCl42− precursor is added in one shot, and the growth is conducted at 40 °C to accelerate deposition and decelerate surface diffusion. For the synthesis of Pd@Pt core–shell concave nanocubes, the PtCl42− precursor is added dropwise into a suspension of the Pd concave nanocubes and reduced by citric acid at 90 °C. As such, we can deposit an ultrathin Pt shell on the surface of each Pd concave nanocube. Despite their much larger size, the Pd@Pt concave nanocubes exhibit greater specific electrochemical surface areas than a commercial Pt/C catalyst, which implies the more efficient dispersion of Pt atoms on the surface. In addition to excellent durability, the catalyst based on Pd@Pt concave nanocubes shows enhanced catalytic activities toward the oxygen reduction reaction.
Chapter 27 The Political Economy of Economic Sanctions

Abstract International economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternatives to military conflict since the end of the Cold War. This chapter surveys various approaches to the study of economic sanctions in both the economics and international relations literatures. Sanctions may be imposed not to bring about maximum economic damage to the target, but for expressive or demonstrative purposes. Moreover, the political effects of sanctions on the target nation are sometimes perverse, generating increased levels of political resistance to the sanctioners' demands. The economic impacts of trade sanctions on the target country are reflected in their terms-of-trade effects, which are larger in the case of multilateral sanctions than unilateral. Investment sanctions initially raise the rate of return to capital in the target country, but eventually the decrease in the inflow of new capital from abroad constrains the target's growth. Using an interest group model of endogenous policy, the level of sanctions imposed is shown to depend on the relative influences of competing interest groups within the sanctioning country. In the target country, normally only those sanctions that have differential effects on supporters and opponents of the ruling regime will induce the regime to alter its objectionable policy. Game-theoretic models suggest that the success of sanctions depends on conflict expectations and levels of commitment. Many sanctions strategies end at the threat stage, without sanctions being implemented. Consequently, empirical studies using data on actually applied sanctions may exhibit selection bias. In general, the processes generating sanctions and the processes determining their outcome are intrinsically linked. Empirical work on sanctions has attempted to address this problem through the use of simultaneous equations methods. The empirical literature has also investigated the role of political regime type, specifically, democracy or the absence thereof, in determining nations' proclivities to impose sanctions and the success of the sanctions.
Separate roles for Med12 and Wnt signaling in regulation of oxytocin expression

Transcriptional control of oxytocinergic cell development influences social, sexual, and appetite related behaviors, and is implicated in disorders such as autism and Prader-Willi syndrome. Mediator 12 (Med12) is a transcriptional coactivator required for multiple facets of brain development including subsets of serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons. We surveyed hormone gene expression within the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of med12 mutant zebrafish embryos with a focus on oxytocin ( oxt ) expression. Some transcripts, such as oxt , vasopressin ( avp ) and corticotrophin releasing hormone ( crh ) are undetectable in the med12 mutant, while others are upregulated or downregulated to varying degrees. In med12 mutants, the expression patterns of upstream transcriptional regulators of oxytocinergic cell development remain largely intact in the pre-optic area, suggesting a more direct influence of Med12 on oxt expression . We show that Med12 is required for Wnt signaling in zebrafish. However, oxt expression is unaffected in Wnt-inhibited embryos indicating independence of Wnt signaling. In fact, overactive Wnt signaling inhibits oxt expression, and we identify a Wnt-sensitive period starting at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf). Thus, Med12 and repression of Wnt signaling display critical but unrelated roles in regulating oxt expression.
The Environmental Protection Agency in the Early Trump Administration: Prelude to Regulatory Capture

We explore and contextualize changes at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over the first 6 months of the Trump administration, arguing that its pro-business direction is enabling a form of regulatory capture. We draw on news articles, public documents, and a rapid response, multisited interview study of current and retired EPA employees to (1) document changes associated with the new administration, (2) contextualize and compare the current pro-business makeover with previous ones, and (3) publicly convey findings in a timely manner.The lengthy, combined experience of interviewees with previous Republican and Democratic administrations made them valuable analysts for assessing recent shifts at the Scott Pruitt–led EPA and the extent to which these shifts steer the EPA away from its stated mission to “protect human and environmental health.” Considering the extent of its pro-business leanings in the absence of mitigating power from the legislative branch, we conclude that its regulatory capture has...
Performance implications of the fit between suppliers' flexibility and their customers' expected flexibility: A dyadic examination⋆

Abstract Although an increase in flexibility for firms usually entails further investments and higher operating overhead for their suppliers (Sheikhzadeh et al., 1998Koste and Malhotra, 1999), most studies have focused exclusively on the benefits derived from additional flexibility enjoyed by the buyer firms neglecting the impact on the financial performance of their suppliers (e.g., Malhotra and Mackelprang, 2012; Gligor, 2014; Mandal, 2015). To explore the complex supplier-customer interplay, we introduce the concept of buyer-supplier flexibility fit (i.e., the match between the level of flexibility the customer expects from its supplier and the supplier's level of flexibility) and explore its impact on the supplier's financial performance (i.e., ROA). We collected dyadic archival and survey data from 638 firms (319 supplier-customer dyads) to test these relationships. Our results indicate that buyer-supplier flexibility fit has a direct and positive impact on the supplier's ROA. Further, the strength of the relationship increases when firms operate in munificent and/or dynamic environments but does not change significantly in complex environments. The relationship also becomes stronger as the exchanged business volume increases between the customer and its supplier, and as the relationship progresses in age. In addition, our findings indicate that firms with perfect buyer-supplier flexibility fit perform best, followed by firms with negative misfit (i.e., the supplier's level of flexibility is lower than its customer's expected level of flexibility), while firms with positive misfit (i.e., the supplier's level of flexibility is higher than its customer's expected level of flexibility) are the laggards. Interestingly, positive misfit has a stronger negative impact on suppliers' ROA compared to misfit in general and negative misfit. Key corresponding managerial implications are derived.
Sentinel: generating GUI tests for Android sensor leaks

Due to the widespread use of Android devices and apps, it is important to develop tools and techniques to improve app quality and performance. Our work focuses on a problem related to hardware sensors on Android devices: the failure to disable unneeded sensors, which leads to sensor leaks and thus battery drain. We propose the Sentinel testing tool to uncover such leaks. The tool performs static analysis of app code and produces a model which maps GUI events to callback methods that affect sensor behavior. The model is traversed to identify paths that are likely to exhibit sensor leaks during run-time execution. The reported paths are then used to generate test cases. The execution of each test case tracks the run-time behavior of sensors and reports observed leaks. Our experimental results indicate that Sentinel effectively detects sensor leaks, while focusing the testing efforts on a very small subset of possible GUI event sequences.
Law in the Flesh: Tracing Legitimation's Origin to The Act of Killing?

The founding moment of political and legal investiture haunts the baroque and neo-baroque mind, from Shakespeare’s 'Hamlet' to Joshua Oppenheimer’s highly unsettling film, 'The Act of Killing' (2012). In the former, Hamlet finds the resources to act in the face of injustice; in so doing he precipitates a transformative political event that renews the rightful basis for state legitimacy. In 'The Act of Killing', by contrast, restless stasis remains unaltered from beginning to end. It is a state of affairs well suited to contemporary neo-baroque conditions – a time of distracted paralysis, when the availability of the cultural and psychological resources needed to go beyond terror and its purgatorial aftermath remains uncertain.The exploration of post-secular possibilities requires new experiential sources, new interpretive and critical methods, and new interdisciplinary alliances. Phenomenology, psycho-theology, political theology, and visual jurisprudence are just some of the emerging categories (or perhaps re-emergent fields) that present themselves to us for further consideration.
Short-Period Variables in Globular Clusters of Moderate Metallicity

Three Galactic globular clusters of moderate metallicity, (-0.7 > [Fe/H] > -0.9), have been searched for variable stars. NGC 6388 and NGC 6569 appear to contain RR Lyrae variables as members; NGC 6652 does not. NGC 6388 and NGC 6569 thus appear to have bluer horizontal branches than normally found at their metallicity.
Comparison of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers for Sedum Green Roof Maintenance

Fertility is an important aspect of green roof maintenance. Aesthetic quality and growth of two sedum species (Sedum album and Sedum rupestre ‘Angelina’) treated with synthetic granular fertilizer ...
Repeated cocaine exposure dysregulates cognitive control over cue-evoked reward-seeking behavior during Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer

Drug-paired cues acquire powerful motivational properties, but only lead to active drug-seeking behavior if they are potent enough to overwhelm the cognitive control processes that serve to suppress such urges. Studies using the Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) task have shown that rats pretreated with cocaine or amphetamine exhibit heightened levels of cue-motivated food-seeking behavior, suggesting that exposure to these drugs sensitizes the incentive motivational system. However, the PIT testing protocol can also create conflict between two competing behavioral responses to the reward-paired cue: active reward seeking (e.g., lever pressing) and passive conditioned food-cup approach behavior. We therefore investigated whether repeated cocaine exposure alters the way in which rats use cue-based reward expectations to resolve such conflict. In-depth analysis of previously published and new research confirmed that when drug-naive rats are given a cue that signals the timing of a delayed noncontingent reward, they adaptively transition from reward seeking to conditioned approach behavior, facilitating efficient collection of the predicted reward. In contrast, cocaine-exposed rats exhibit pronounced behavioral dysregulation, increasing, rather than suppressing, their reward-seeking behavior over time, disrupting their ability to passively collect reward. Such findings speak to the important and sometimes overlooked role that cognitive control plays in determining the motivational impact of cues associated with drug and nondrug rewards.
Genetics and sex influence peripheral and central innate immune responses and blood-brain barrier integrity

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a stimulator of the innate immune system and is routinely used in animal models to study blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction under inflammatory conditions. It is appreciated that both humans and mice have sexually dimorphic immune responses, which could influence the brain’s response to a systemic inflammatory insult. Mouse strain is also an important factor that can contribute to pathophysiological responses to inflammatory stimuli. Therefore, we aimed to test whether BBB disruption and the associated cytokine profiles in response to LPS differed in male and female mice from two mouse strains most commonly used in blood-brain barrier studies: CD-1 and C57BL6/J (C57). Mice were treated with saline, a single injection of 0.3, or 3mg/kg LPS, or three injections of 3mg/kg LPS, and studied 28 hours after the first LPS injection. To assay BBB disruption, we utilized the tracer 99mTc-DTPA. A 23-plex panel of cytokines was assayed in brain and blood of the same cohort of mice, which allowed us to compare differences in the levels of individual cytokines as well as correlations among cytokines and 99mTc-DTPA uptake. We found that only the three-injection dose of LPS induced significant BBB disruption in all sexes and strains. The treatment, strain, and sex, as well as treatment-by- strain and treatment-by-sex interactions significantly contributed to the variance. The mean brain/serum ratios of 99mTc-DTPA in the three-injection LPS group were ranked CD-1 male < CD-1 female < C57 male < C57 female. There were significant sex and strain differences in cytokine profiles in brain and blood, and pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in brain were most strongly correlated with 99mTc-DTPA brain/serum ratios.
EUS-guided core liver biopsy sampling using a 22-gauge fork-tip needle: a prospective blinded trial for histologic and lipidomic evaluation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background and Aims Diagnostic tools for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) detection and prognostication are limited, with histology remaining the criterion standard. We evaluated the feasibility and safety of EUS-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) sampling in NAFLD staging. Methods In a prospective cohort of NAFLD patients with steatohepatitis and early liver fibrosis based on magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), EUS-LB sampling procedures were performed using a 22-gauge fork-tip core biopsy needle. Samples were evaluated by a blinded pathologist. Total aggregate sample length (TASL), number of complete portal triads, ability to calculate NAFLD activity score, ability to stage liver fibrosis, and ability to provide enough core liver tissue for lipidomics analysis were evaluated. Performance of EUS-LB sampling was compared with MRE. Results Forty-one EUS-LB samples were obtained. The median TASL was 2.4 cm (interquartile range, 2.00-2.75). The median number of complete portal triads per TASL was 26 (interquartile range, 7-62). Of the samples, 100% were adequate to convey NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage. All samples provided enough core liver tissue to allow the application of lipidomics testing. A significant positive linear association between EUS-LB sampling–detected fibrosis and MRE-detected fibrosis was observed (r = .469, P Conclusions EUS-LB sampling is a viable technique for full NAFLD evaluation and may be superior to MRE in establishing the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with early fibrosis. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT02880189.)
Investigating the Role of Archaeological Information and Practice in Landscape Conservation Design and Planning in North America

The purpose of this article is to discuss the challenges and opportunities for integrating archaeological information in landscape-scale conservation design while aligning archaeological practice with design and planning focused on cultural resources. Targeting this opportunity begins with statewide archaeological databases. Here, we compare the structure and content of Pennsylvania's and Florida's statewide archaeological databases, identifying opportunities for leveraging these data in landscape conservation design and planning. The research discussed here was part of a broader project, which was working through the lens of Landscape Conservation Cooperatives in order to develop processes for integrating broadly conceived cultural resources with natural resources as part of multistate or regional landscape conservation design efforts. Landscape Conservation Cooperatives offer new ways to think about archaeological information in practice and potentially new ways for archaeology to contribute to design and planning. Statewide archaeological databases, in particular, offer transformative potential for integrating cultural resource priorities in landscape conservation design. Targeted coordination across state boundaries along with the development of accessible derivative databases are two priorities to advance their utility.
Global Diffusion of Innovation during the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Case of Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing

Additive manufacturing can be considered an innovative and high-technology and one of its characteristics is that it has limited dependency on the location. The purpose of this study is to examine ...
Polyphosphate Functions In Vivo as an Iron Chelator and Fenton Reaction Inhibitor

Maintaining cellular iron homeostasis is critical for organismal survival. Whereas iron depletion negatively affects the many metabolic pathways that depend on the activity of iron-containing enzymes, any excess of iron can cause the rapid formation of highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton chemistry. Although several cellular iron chelators have been identified, little is known about if and how organisms can prevent the Fenton reaction. By studying the effects of cisplatin, a commonly used anticancer drug and effective antimicrobial, we discovered that cisplatin elicits severe iron stress and oxidative DNA damage in bacteria. We found that both of these effects are successfully prevented by polyphosphate (polyP), an abundant polymer consisting solely of covalently linked inorganic phosphates. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that polyP provides a crucial iron reservoir under nonstress conditions and effectively complexes free iron and blocks ROS formation during iron stress. These results demonstrate that polyP, a universally conserved biomolecule, plays a hitherto unrecognized role as an iron chelator and an inhibitor of the Fenton reaction.IMPORTANCE How do organisms deal with free iron? On the one hand, iron is an essential metal that plays crucial structural and functional roles in many organisms. On the other hand, free iron is extremely toxic, particularly under aerobic conditions, where iron rapidly undergoes the Fenton reaction and produces highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Our study now demonstrates that we have discovered one of the first physiologically relevant nonproteinaceous iron chelators and Fenton inhibitors. We found that polyphosphate, a highly conserved and ubiquitous inorganic polyanion, chelates iron and, through its multivalency, prevents the interaction of iron with peroxide and therefore the formation of hydroxyl radicals. We show that polyP provides a crucial iron reservoir for metalloproteins under nonstress conditions and effectively chelates free iron during iron stress. Importantly, polyP is present in all cells and organisms and hence is likely to take on this crucial function in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Abstract 003: Direct and Indirect Effects of Prostaglandin E 2 and Its EP1/EP3 Receptors on Dendritic Cell Activation in Mice with L-NAME/High Salt-induced Hypertension

We recently identified a pathway underlying immune activation in hypertension. Proteins oxidatively modified by reactive γ-ketoaldehydes (isoketals) accumulate in dendritic cells (DCs). These are i...
Juan Iribarne e Uraburu on the voluntary, will, and nature

In this paper, the author examines the theory of will outlined in the Tractatus de actibus humanis of Juan Iribarne Uraburu. Juan’s discussion of will is situated in relation to various Thomistic thinkers of seventeenth- century Iberia and is shown both to be continuous with and innovative within the Scotistic tradition. The conclusion reached is that Juan’s theory highlights fundamental disagreements that distinguish Scotistic theories of the will from those of other Scholastic theories, whether Thomistic or Suarezian, and thus is extremely instructive for current philosophical refl ection.
Direct detection limits on heavy dark matter

Multiply interacting massive particles (MIMPs) are heavy ($g{10}^{10}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$) dark matter particles that interact strongly with regular matter, but may have evaded detection due to the low number density required to make up the local dark matter halo. These particles could leave tracklike signatures in current experiments, similar to lightly ionizing particles. We show that previously calculated limits from the majorana demonstrator on the flux of lightly ionizing particles can be used to exclude MIMP dark matter parameter space up to a mass of ${10}^{15}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$. We also calculate limits from the standard XENON1T analysis in this high-mass regime, properly taking into account flux limitations and multiscatter effects. Finally, we show that a dedicated MIMP analysis using the XENON1T dark matter search could probe unexplored parameter space up to masses of ${10}^{18}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}/{c}^{2}$.
Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors for Post-Combustion Carbon Capture: A Review of Modeling Approaches

Hollow fiber membrane contactors (HFMCs) can effectively separate CO2 from post-combustion flue gas by providing a high contact surface area between the flue gas and a liquid solvent. Accurate models of carbon capture HFMCs are necessary to understand the underlying transport processes and optimize HFMC designs. There are various methods for modeling HFMCs in 1D, 2D, or 3D. These methods include (but are not limited to): resistance-in-series, solution-diffusion, pore flow, Happel's free surface model, and porous media modeling. This review paper discusses the state-of-the-art methods for modeling carbon capture HFMCs in 1D, 2D, and 3D. State-of-the-art 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon capture HFMC models are then compared in depth, based on their underlying assumptions. Numerical methods are also discussed, along with modeling to scale up HFMCs from the lab scale to the commercial scale.
Generalized Necessary and Sufficient Robust Boundedness Results for Feedback Systems.

Classical conditions for ensuring the robust stability of a system in feedback with a nonlinearity include passivity, small gain, circle, and conicity theorems. We present a generalized and unified version of these results in an arbitrary semi-inner product space, which avoids many of the technicalities that arise when working in traditional extended spaces. Our general formulation clarifies when the sufficient conditions for robust stability are also necessary, and we show how to construct worst-case scenarios when the sufficient conditions fail to hold. Finally, we show how our general result can be specialized to recover a wide variety of existing results, and explain how properties such as boundedness, causality, linearity, and time-invariance emerge as a natural consequence.
Successful Subcutaneous Defibrillator Implantation in a Pregnant Patient With Long QT Syndrome.

Abstract A 26-year-old woman with recurrent unexplained syncope in the postpartum period was diagnosed with long QT syndrome type 2. Traditional implantation of defibrillator using fluoroscopy beca...
Panethnic boundaries and the making of white-collar minority identity in Hawai’i

Recent scholarship on ethnoracial identity formation documents the growth of panethnic and regionalised identities in the United States, which individuals express in response to both external racia...
Sexual, physical, and emotional aggression, experienced by autistic vs. non-autistic U.S. college students.

ObjectiveTo compare rates of aggression victimization for autistic vs. non-autistic U.S. college students. Participants:n = 1,411 autistic and n = 218,430 non-autistic students from 78 colleges. Methods: We used a three-way interaction term to examine moderation of the relationship between autism and sexual, physical and emotional aggression victimization by depression and sense of belonging. Results: Autistic students were nearly twice as likely as non-autistic students to report past-year emotional victimization (44% vs. 26%, p < 0.001), and more likely to report physical victimization (8.4% vs. 5.7%, p < 0.001). Autistic students who experienced sexual assault were 2.23 times more likely than non-autistic students to report it affected academic performance (80.4% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.001). At both low and high levels of depression, sense of belonging was protective against physical and sexual victimization for autistic students more than for non-autistic students. Conclusions: Institutions of higher education should prioritize preventing and responding to interpersonal aggression against autistic students.
Building Engines and Platforms for the Big Data Age

Big data analytics involves the collection of real-time operational data into large clusters, followed by the execution of analytics queries to derive insights from the data. The results of these insights are periodically deployed into the real-time pipeline, in order to perform business actions or raise alerts. We are currently witnessing a move towards fast data analytics, where some of the offline activities may be performed in memory, directly over the real-time input streams, in order to reduce the time taken to derive and exploit insights from the data. Further, there is an increasing emphasis on enabling data scientists to derive quick approximate insights from large volumes of offline data interactively and at low cost, i.e., without having to process the entire dataset each time. Such hybrid and interconnected workflows across offline and real-time data, stored and processed across multiple machines, and with varying latency needs and complex application logic, requires a rethinking of both data and query processing models and software artifacts that realize such models. This paper surveys the challenges and requirements created by such workflows, and summarizes our research efforts on addressing these problems.
Beamlets and Multiscale Modeling

Beamlets is a data structure to be used to analyze linear or curvilinear features in two dimensional space. Beamlets are a collection of dyadically organized line segments, taking a range of positions, orientations, and having various lengths. The key advantage of such a data structure is that it forms a multiscale framework for linear and curvilinear features. This data structure enables new methods in statistical modeling, statistic estimation, denoising, data reduction, and compression. The new methods are both computationally efficient and theoretically optimal. The derived methods are particularly suitable for large size data. Keywords: beamlet; brushlet; curvelet; edgelet; ridgelet; wedgelet; denoising; model estimation; image compression; feature extraction; linear and curvilinear feature; edge; filament
The Rotational Diffusion of Thyroglobulin A STUDY OF THYROGLOBULIN CONJUGATED WITH PYRENEBUTYRATE AND WITH DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHALENESULFONATE

Abstract Conjugates of thyroglobulin with dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonate and pyrenebutyrate have been prepared, and their fluorescence has been utilized to study the rotational diffusion of this large glycoprotein. A method of activating the pyrenebutyrate moiety by conversion to the mixed sulfuric anhydride is described. Labeling with this reagent may be carried out in aqueous solution containing less than 1% organic solvent and in periods of under 1 hour. Isothermal polarization measurements on both human and bovine thyroglobulins indicate a rotational relaxation time near 1.5 µsec at 25° in water and suggest a rigid structure which deviates significantly from an anhydrous sphere. Measurements of the polarization of fluorescence of dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonate conjugates at various temperatures indicate the existence of thermally activated rotations of the fluorescent dye moiety which can result in the significantly shorter apparent rotational relaxation times previously reported. An Arrhenius plot of limiting polarization data indicates an activation energy barrier of 0.59 kcal per mole for such rotations.
DORITOS (Distributed Object-based Real-time InsTructional Operating System): a complete package for teaching principles and practices of real-time operating system

The authors are developing a teaching package that can be used in a college course that would fil a gap among current science majors and teach senior-level undergraduate students theory and practices of real-time operating systems (RTOS); these include requirements, characteristics, internals and specification of such systems. This course has two components: (1) a theoretical part; and (2) a practical hands-on implementation component achieved with DORITOS (distributed object-based real-time instructional operating system) as the implementation environment. DORITOS' design is based on UC-Berkeley's NACHOS. DORITOS package comes with DORITOS basic system which allows students to run simple threads. Throughout the term, assignments will require students to use and modify DORITOS to implement real-time elements as well as to analyze performances of implemented algorithms. The theoretical component will be a textbook and a laboratory manual that accompany DORITOS.