cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of cultivar-specific proteins of winter wheat (T. aestivum L.) by high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and color-based silver stain

The polypeptide patterns obtained from individual caryopses (kernels) of two wheat cultivars were analyzed using high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) methods. While few polypeptides were detected with Coomassie Blue staining methods, over two hundred peptides were easily distinguished with the color-based silver stain. The relative isoelectric points of the constituent polypeptides ranged from pH 3.8 to 9 and the relative molecular weights from 5000 to 200 000. The majority of the proteins of the two wheat varieties analyzed with 2-D PAGE were similar although distinct proteins having molecular weights of 23 000, 30 000, 37 000 and 70 000 were identified, which have molecular properties unique to each variety. The use of the color-based silver stain makes it possible to identify and characterize hundreds of proteins in individual wheat seeds. These methods are, therefore, adaptable for the rapid analysis and characterization of specific gene products of single kernels of wheat.
The mobile programming system, Janus

Janus is a symbolic language used to embody the information which is normally passed from the analysis phase of a compiler to the code generators. It is designed for transporting software: A program coded in a high level language can be translated to Janus on one computer, and the resulting output translated to assembly code on another. (The STAGE2 macro processor could be used for the second translation.) In this paper we present the principles upon which Janus is based, and show that it is suited to a wide range of source languages and target computers.
The SH2-domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) limits the motility of neutrophils and their recruitment to wounds in zebrafish

Neutrophil recruitment to sites of injury or infection is essential for host defense, but it needs to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), which generates the phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P(3)], is necessary for neutrophil motility in vivo; however, the role of SH2-domain-containing 5-inositol phosphatase (SHIP) enzymes, which hydrolyze PI(3,4,5)P(3) to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate [PI(3,4)P(2)], is not well understood. Here we show that SHIP phosphatases limit neutrophil motility in live zebrafish. Using real-time imaging of bioprobes specific for PI(3,4,5)P(3) and PI(3,4)P(2) in neutrophils, we found that PI(3,4,5)P(3) and PI(3,4)P(2) accumulate at the leading edge while PI(3,4)P(2) also localizes to the trailing edge of migrating neutrophils in vivo. Depletion of SHIP phosphatases using morpholino oligonucleotides led to increased neutrophil 3D motility and neutrophil infiltration into wounds. The increase in neutrophil wound recruitment in SHIP morphants was rescued by treatment with low dose PI3Kγ inhibitor, suggesting that SHIP limits neutrophil motility by modulating PI3K signaling. Moreover, overexpression of the SHIP phosphatase domain in neutrophils impaired neutrophil 3D migration. Taken together, our findings suggest that SHIP phosphatases control neutrophil inflammation by limiting neutrophil motility in vivo.
Purification and characterization of a tetrameric alpha-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitor from the gastropod mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata.

The a-macroglobulin proteinase inhibitors (aMs) are a family of proteins with the unique ability to inhibit a broad spectrum of proteinases. Whereas monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric aMs have been identified in vertebrates, all invertebrate aMs characterized so far have been dimeric. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a tetrameric aM from the tropical planorbid snail Biomphalaria glabrata. The sequence of 18 amino acids at the N-terminus indicates homology with other aMs. The subunit mass of approx. 200 kDa was determined by matrixassisted laser desorption}ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and SDS}PAGE. The quaternary structure was determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and native
US Reconstruction Aid for Afghanistan: The Dollars and Sense

The United States, and its allies, the UN, NGOs, and the World Bank, have injected billions of dollars into what is commonly termed the “reconstruction” of Afghanistan since the war began in 2001. This paper focuses on United States spending on aid in Afghanistan, describing the rationale government officials have given for the aid, what they have spent money on, who has profited from the contracts to provide aid, and what the consequences of that spending have been in terms of benefits to the people of Afghanistan or the United States. The central findings of this review of US government investigative reports and existing field-based scholarship are that reconstruction aid has been allocated primarily to re-arming and policing Afghanistan, with poor or even counterproductive outcomes in both security and other-than-security domains. Furthermore, US companies have been among the primary beneficiaries of this aid, despite widespread fraud, waste, and dysfunction. In contrast to a focus on human needs, and rather than rebuilding the basis of a modern state, reconstruction has been focused on furthering United States security interests. Reconstruction thus sets the foundation for continued violence and impoverishment in the years to come.
Cryptographic chemistry

When a research laboratory discovers or synthesizes new chemical compounds and other ones require information that describes them, usually, the exchange is done using BIN or CAM coded format of the compounds structure, rather than shipping any actual compound. Danger occurs if exchanged information refers to any hazardous chemical compounds that can be used in chemical warfare (e.g. CK, AC, CG, GB, VG and yet unknown others) mostly if all necessary precautions measures are not taken (e.g. secure communication systems, data encryption etc.). Therefore, this paper aims at presenting a new approach over chemical compounds coding, with some cryptographic flavors, in order to showcase that even if the coded format is intercepted the actual compound will be very difficult if not impossible to be discovered; efforts were focused on highlighting the elements of data manipulation, in order to achieve proposed purpose. Also, an assessment is made on “strength” of proposed method for data manipulation by quantifying the average time scrolling coded formats space to reach a specific combination.
The Press Can Make a Difference

With the recent observation of the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day (a national holiday) and on the eve of Black History Month 2014, it is important to note that Dr. King, the major Civil rights leader of his era, once termed the racial conflict in America as "a struggle between the forces of good and evil." It is also important to note that said conflict was (at least in part) addressed and challenged by the press in America. During the movement, many black and white Americans spoke out against racial injustice and rallied to erase the evils of racism and segregation. Harry Golden, a journalist and author, was one such person. As a northern Jew transplanted to the South, Golden witnessed the suffering and cruelty inflicted upon blacks by southern whites and empathized with the embattled blacks. Golden, a champion of civil rights, urged the deliverance of black Americans from the evil of racism and the wrong of segregation. His advocacy of civil rights exemplified the zeal with which some segments of the press not only covered but facilitated the civil rights movement. Golden's experience with race relations in Charlotte, North Carolina led him to believe that southern whites "put all their efforts into denying humanity to Negroes, depriving and dehumanizing them because of their color." As a result of his insight into southern race relations, he foresaw a revolution which he believed the major southern daily newspapers, all owned by whites, would downplay because "to report this story meant describing the lot of the Negro." To forestall this eventuality, during the 1950s and 1960s Golden editorialized in his newspaper, the Carolina Israelite. He also wrote books, wrote articles for other newspapers and magazines, and made personal and television appearances. He utilized these outlets to foster better understanding and relations between black and white Americans. With the tools of his outspoken views and satiric humor, Golden wrote about the struggle for black civil rights by vividly illustrating the absurdity of racism and the ludicrous nature of segregationist traditions and policies.
A Comparison of Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Formulations

In this study, constraint potential and constraint forms of the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium (RCCE) method have been investigated in terms of accuracy and performance. Although the two formulations are equivalent mathematically, they show quite different performances from the computational standpoint. The main objective of this work is to determine the most efficient implementation of RCCE to be used in turbulent combustion simulations. Simulations are conducted of an adiabatic, isobaric stirred reactor. The kinetics includes methane oxygen combustion using 133 reaction steps and 29 species. RCCE calculations are performed by 12 constraints. The simulations are carried out over a wide range of initial temperatures for stoichiometric gas mixtures. Performance studies of the two RCCE formulations are carried out and the results are compared with those obtained by direct integration of detailed kinetics.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Implementation of the Solvent Macromolecule Boundary Potential and Application to Model and Realistic Enzyme Systems

The implementation of the solvent macromolecule boundary potential (SMBP) by Benighaus and Thiel (J. Chem. Theory Comput.2009, 5, 3114) into the program package CHARMM is presented. The SMBP allows for the efficient calculation of solvent effects for large macromolecules using irregularly shaped dielectric boundaries. In contrast to the generalized solvent boundary potential (GSBP) by Roux et al. (J. Chem. Phys.2001, 114, 2924) from which it is derived, the SMBP is targeted for quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) setups using ab initio methods for the QM part. After presenting benchmark results for simple model systems, applications of the SMBP for the calculation of geometries, reaction energy barriers, and vibrational frequencies for an alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme are discussed. Although the effect of the boundary potential on optimized structures (including the transition state) and vibrational frequencies is relatively small, the energetics of the phosphoryl transfer catalyzed by AP d...
Current management of stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to assess the current management and outcome of patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. METHODS One hundred thirty-five patients with stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated with hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and surgical staging. Patients were then stratified into high risk or low risk groups based on grade, depth of myometrial invasion, and the presence or absence of lymph-vascular space invasion. Postoperative treatment was then individualized based on risk assessment. RESULTS Sixteen of 135 patients (12%) underwent postoperative adjuvant pelvic radiation. The remaining patients were treated with observation following surgery. Actuarial survival at three years was 97%. CONCLUSIONS Surgical staging of endometria cancer provides critical information with regard to the extent of cancer and prognosis. When cancer is confined to the uterine corpus, histopathologic findings can be used to assess individual patient risk; high risk patients may then be selected for postoperative radiation. Relatively few patients will require adjuvant treatment and overall survival appears excellent.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in high-risk remission B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies (BA-1/CD24, BA-2/CD9, and BA-3/CD10) plus complement and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide for ex vivo bone marrow purging.

Fourteen patients with high-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using a combined immunochemopurging protocol. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail of BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3 plus rabbit complement (C′) plus 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) was used to eliminate residual occult leukemia cells from autografts. All patients were conditioned with single-dose total body irradiation (TBI) followed by high-dose Ara-C. All 14 patients engrafted at a median of 24 days (range, 12 to 36 days). Three patients are alive and disease free at 3.5 years, 3.9 years, and 4.1 years post-BMT. The Kaplan-Meiser estimate and standard error of the probability of sustained remission was 23% +/- 12% at 3.5 years post-BMT with a mean relapse-free interval of 1.4 +/- 0.4 years. The disease-free survival (DFS) at 3.5 years was 21% +/- 11%, with a mean DFS time of 1.3 +/- 0.4 years. A novel and quantitative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection assay, which combines fluorescence-activated multiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting with leukemic progenitor cell (LPC) colony assays, was used to analyze remission BM samples from B-lineage ALL patients for residual LPC, and to evaluate the efficacy of ex vivo BM purging. Notably, the minimal residual leukemia burden before BMT, as measured by the percentage of B-lineage LPC in the pre-BMT remission BM samples, indicated the outcome of the BMT. The median value for the minimal residual leukemia burden before BMT was 0.0035% (35 LPC/10(6) mononuclear cells). The Kaplan-Meier estimates and standard errors of the probability of remaining in remission after BMT were 43% +/- 19% for patients whose BM samples contained less than or equal to 0.0035% LPC and 0% +/- 0% for patients whose BM samples contained greater than 0.0035% B-lineage LPC (P less than .05). In contrast to the minimal residual leukemia burden measured by the described MRD assay system, the percentage of blasts or TdT+ cells in the remission BM samples did not correlate with the probability of relapse. The applied purging protocol showed variable success in destroying target B-lineage LPC populations contaminating the autografts. While in some cases purging was highly effective, eliminating up to greater than or equal to 4 logs of residual B-lineage LPC, in other cases only 0.1 to 0.2 logs of B- lineage LPC were purged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Macroeconomic Management during a Period of Plenty in India

There are two indisputable facts about India and the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008–09. One, India was far more heavily impacted by the global financial turmoil than most informed observers expected. This clearly attests to the significant increase in the extent of India’s financial and trade openness with the rest of the world. Two, the Indian economy bounced back from the crisis more rapidly than most other countries. Apart from stimulative demand-management policies, the recovery highlighted the importance of the domestic market to India’s overall growth, as well as the soundness and stability of its banking and overall financial system, which is a testament to the country’s conservative approach to regulatory policies.
Infecting Humanness: A Critique of the Autonomous Self in Contagion

Despite the common association of contagion with pathology, Woo argues for an alternative understanding that breaches the imagined wall between self and other, inside and outside, safe and dangerous, or human and less-than-human. Through the concept of “touch” (the etymological root of “contagion”) in both physical and psychological senses, this chapter approaches contagion as an entanglement in which the modern idea of self as an autonomous unit is infected through social and moral proximity to otherness. Woo constructs this infectious interpersonal space as productive for its potential to dissolve the boundaries constructed to protect a sense of individual subjectivity which is never truly actualized. Outbreaks are thus conceived as active political sites where restrictive orders of what it means to be human and worth living are not only reproduced but also reconfigured. Woo calls for the need to cultivate contagious sensibilities and modes of living that resist the dominant structure of containment and hierarchical conception of humanness.
Impact of intravitreal pharmacotherapies including antivascular endothelial growth factor and corticosteroid agents on diabetic retinopathy

Purpose of reviewDiabetic retinopathy is common and increasing in prevalence. Pharmacologic management of diabetic macular edema (DME) has improved tremendously over the last decade with the use of two families of intravitreally administered medications: antivascular endothelial growth factor-specif
A 2.4-GHz, Hybrid 10-Mb/s BPSK Backscatter and 1-Mb/s FSK Bluetooth TX With Hardware Reuse

This letter presents a hybrid architecture for wireless transmitters that reuses the same hardware and antenna to selectively operate in either backscatter or conventional modes, with a minimum of added complexity. A single FET stage is used as both a Class-C power amplifier for a conventional 2.4-GHz, 1-Mb/s frequency shift keying Bluetooth low energy (BLE) transmitter with peak efficiency η ≈ 78%, as well as a 10-Mb/s BPSK modulator in an ultralow power backscatter mode. A transmitter energy consumption of 81 nJ/b at an output power level of +14 dBm is achieved in the 1-Mb/s conventional mode, while only 32 pJ/b is required in the 10-Mb/s BPSK backscatter mode. It is shown that the data rate of the backscatter mode can be decoupled from the conventional mode, such that the backscatter link can operate at ten times the rate of the conventional link, while achieving over three orders of magnitude power savings. This approach is equally applicable to other communication standards, such as Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11b), Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4), and so on.
Holding a Space for Hope

Hope is at the heart of the educational endeavor. Yet, it is a challenge for educators to sustain a sense of hope in a worried world where terrorism, mass migrations, global warming, and ultra-right political movements are on the rise. Acknowledging that hopefulness always involves risk, this chapter identifies three pedagogical practices which support potential and possibility in children—letting go of worry, engaging in the pleasures of forgetting, and learning to wait. It also suggests that self-restraint, checking the impulse to fix and remediate, may be the most effective way to help others. Rejecting a blind hope that defends against remembering the ravages of personal and social histories, the author proposes embracing a modulated or educated hope that can keep us grounded in the real even as we imagine the world differently.
Efficacy of Colony Forming Unit Data in Detection of a Fusarotoxicosis Problem Associated with Post-Manufacturing Growth of Fusarium Spp. In Poultry Feeds

Although species of Fusarium were pervasive in commercial corn (Kommedahl and Windels, 1981) and many species of Fusarium were known mycotoxin producers (Joffe, 1965), the adverse effects of T-2 toxin (a Fusarium mycotoxin) in poultry were not described under laboratory conditions until the early 1970s (Wyatt et al. 1973, 1975). Since these early descriptions, other laboratory studies have documented the effects of a number of other Fusarium mycotoxins on poultry (Hoerr et al., 1981; Mirocha, 1983; Chu et al., 1988; Walser et al., 1988; Ademoyero and Hamilton, 1989; Marijanovic et al., 1991; Wu et al., 1991). While valuable for their basic physiological and toxicological information, these laboratory studies have been of limited value in the diagnosis of field outbreaks of fusarotoxicosis since the simultaneous occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins (Ciegler, 1978) and “mycotoxin hot spots” (Shotwell et al., 1975) often produced vague, confusing, or conflicting symptoms. These confusing symptoms along with the need for prompt answers in commercial animal production situations and a lack of suitable field analytical methods for the detection of Fusarium mycotoxins have hampered efforts to study fusarotoxicosis under field conditions. Furthermore, it is clear that the study of field fusarotoxicosis incidents is beset with a set of obstacles entirely different from those encountered in laboratory studies. Thus, techniques or procedures which work well in laboratory situations may be entirely inappropriate in field situations.
Status of Weather Modification in Watershed Management

Water resource developments in the State of California involve a wide range of activities designed to meet the increased needs. These activities include both research and water producing weather modification activities designed to supplement natural supplies. These activities have demonstrated over a significant period of time that 5% to 10% increases in average annual runoff can be achieved by this means. Recent advances in this field indicate that increases of 20% to 50% can be achieved in the future. An example of the significance of such increases can be seen from the watershed management practices for the Kings River, which is typical of the San Joaquin Valley of California. The application of weather modification as an integral part of watershed management practices represents a significant step toward solution of the problem of providing clean water for water-deficient areas.
The Habitable-Zone Planet Finder: Improved flux image generation algorithms for H2RG up-the-ramp data

Noise and stability of current state of the art near-infrared (NIR) array detectors are still substantially worse than optical science grade CCDs used in astronomy. Obtaining the maximum signal-to-noise ratio in flux image is important for many NIR instruments, as is stable well understood data reduction and extraction. The Habitable- zone Planet Finder (HPF) is a near-infrared ultra stable precision radial velocity (RV) spectrograph commissioned on 10-m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET), McDonald Observatory, Texas, USA. HPF uses a Teledyne H2RG array detector. In order to achieve the high-precision (~ 1 m/s) RV measurements from the NIR spectrum of HPF's science target stars, it is vital to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio and to accurately propagate the uncertainties. Here we present the algorithms we have developed to significantly improve the quality of flux images calculated from the up-the-ramp readout mode of H2RG. The algorithms in the tool HxRGproc presented in this manuscript are used for HPF's bias noise removal, non-linearity correction, cosmic ray correction, slope/flux and variance image calculation.
COMPLEX CORONARY INTERVENTION IN A PATIENT WITH VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE: NOVEL USE OF VWF/FVIII CONCENTRATES SUPPLEMENTATION PRIOR TO PROCEDURE

Optimal management of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) is a rare but challenging clinical scenario given the risk of potential bleeding and the lack of evidence-based guidance. We present a case of a patient with VWD who underwent successful complex
Intellectual Property Rights: A Concise Guide (Chapter 2), and Intellectual Property Rights: How They Affect Procurement and What Steps Can Be Taken (Annex B)

The procurement of HIV/AIDS-related medicines and supplies is directly affected by rights in intellectual property, most notably patents. The subject of intellectual property is very complex. Some areas are confusing even to the most highly trained specialists. Yet procurement authorities cannot avoid the subject. When supplies of low-cost, high-quality medicines are sought from so-called “generic” producers, holders of patents on those same medicines may object. But procurement authorities may be able to overcome patent obstacles by using “flexibilities” established by international agreement. These flexibilities were recently affirmed by the World Trade Organization as it addressed the relationship between intellectual property rights and public health. Chapter 2 outlines the basics a procurement authority should know, but, of necessity, presents only a simplified treatment of the subject. Annex B contains a detailed discussion of how patents and other intellectual property rights affect medicines procurement. Annex B should be consulted for a more complete discussion.
Secondary benefits of the families improving together (FIT) for weight loss trial on cognitive and social factors in African American adolescents.

Although weight loss is an important primary outcome in obesity interventions, family-based interventions may have cascading ripple effects that extend to other aspects of health and well-being. Identifying these secondary benefits may be useful for understanding how to best engage underserved African American families in weight loss. The present research examines whether African American adolescents and parents perceive secondary benefits from participating in a family-based weight-loss intervention, including secondary health, social, or cognitive benefits. Qualitative data were obtained from families participating in the group-based intervention of the Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss trial. During the final week of the face-to-face motivational and family-based intervention program, families completed a guided open-ended group discussion about changes they experienced from participating (14 groups, N = 41 adolescents and 41 parents). Sessions were audiotaped, transcribed, and coded by independent pairs of raters using both inductive and deductive approaches. Guided by the multi-theoretical framework for the FIT trial, some themes were determined prior to coding using a deductive approach, including: (a) health outcomes (e.g., monitoring strategies for diet and physical activity), (b) social outcomes (e.g., involvement in family support, group support, autonomy support, family bonding, positive communication) and (c) cognitive outcomes (e.g., expression of self-confidence through self-efficacy, self-regulation, establishment of long-term goals). In addition to these pre-determined themes, the coding process included an inductive assessment, allowing for unexpected themes to surface as well around positive self-talk, relapse prevention, and monitoring strategies for different types of weight-related behaviors. Across both adolescents and parents, the cognitive outcomes were the most frequently discussed outcomes, including self-regulation, monitoring strategies for diet, establishing long-term goals, and ultimate relapse prevention. Parents made a greater number of comments about the social outcomes, including family support, group support, self-efficacy, and family connectedness, whereas adolescents made a greater number of comments about positive family communication. The results provide preliminary support for the positive secondary effects of weight loss programs on improving both cognitive and social well-being in underserved African American adolescents. ClinicalTrials.gov # NCT01796067. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01796067?term=NCT01796067&rank=1 The trial was registered on February 21, 2013 and the first participant was enrolled July 12, 2013.
HIV Care Continuum Disparities Among Black Bisexual Men and the Mediating Effect of Psychosocial Comorbidities.

Introduction:Differences across the HIV care continuum between men who have sex with men and women (MSMW) and men who have sex with men only (MSMO) are emerging in recent literature but have not been comprehensively documented among black MSM. Although MSMW have lower HIV prevalence than MSMO, they
Everyday Stories for Everyday People: Communal Responsibility and Nepantla Literacies in Early Childhood Education:

This article focuses on a teaching–research relationship between a teacher and a university professor who are a married couple. The article highlights how we navigated our relationship during a pro...
Sex differences in complications and readmission rates following shoulder arthroplasty in the United States

Introduction Shoulder arthroplasty (SA) procedures are increasingly performed in the United States. However, there is a lack of data evaluating how patient sex may affect perioperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-based differences in 30-day postoperative complication and readmission rates after SA. Methods Total SA and reverse SA cases between 2012-2016 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The 30-day complication rate, readmission rate, operation time, length of stay, and mortality were compared between women and men. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent perioperative complications associated with patient sex. Results Of 12,530 SA cases, 6949 (55.4%) were female and 5499 (44.5%) were male. Compared with women, on average men were significantly younger, had lower body mass index, and were less likely to be functionally dependent, and less likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3+ (P < .001). Although overall complications and readmission rates between women and men were similar (3.4% vs. 3.7%, P = .489; 3.0% vs. 2.8%, P = .497), men were significantly less likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTIs; odds ratio [OR] 0.58, P = .032) and require transfusions (OR 0.49, P < .001) and had shorter lengths of stay (P < .001). However, men were significantly more likely to have a superficial surgical site infection (OR 2.63, P = .035) and 6.8 minute longer operating time (P < .001) compared with women. Conclusion Though the overall complication risk is similar between the sexes, their risk profiles are distinct. Men had decreased risk of UTI, blood transfusions, and shorter length of stay but increased risk of surgical site and longer operating time compared with women. This disparity should be discussed when counseling and risk-stratifying patients for SA.
Pincer ligands incorporating pyrrolyl units: Versatile platforms for organometallic chemistry and catalysis

Abstract Pincer type ligands now represent one of the most prominent support architectures in modern coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis research. Among the myriad of pincer motifs reported to date, those which incorporate a pyrrolyl unit occupy a small yet important subset of this ligand class. The presence of the pyrrolyl unit imparts unique structural and reactivity features to the pincer framework resulting in novel compounds and new types of chemistry at both the metal center and the ligand periphery. This review will cover aspects of pincer ligands containing pyrrolyl units and their associated metal complexes.
Efficacy of a group career construction intervention with urban youth of colour

The efficacy of a three-week career construction counselling group intervention that was structured using the My Career Story workbook [Savickas, M. L., & Hartung, P. J. (2012). My career story: An...
Quorum quenching enzymes and their effects on virulence, biofilm, and microbiomes: a review of recent advances.

Numerous bacterial behaviors are regulated by a cell-density dependent mechanism known as Quorum Sensing (QS). QS relies on communication between bacterial cells using diffusible signaling molecule...
Complex Wound Management Using Negative Pressure Wound Therapy With Instillation and Dwell Time in a Cancer Care Setting.

Introduction Unresolved wound healing represents a major health care cost with a negative impact on patient quality of life, especially among oncology patients who exhibit a delay in the wound healing cascade due to chemotherapy and radiation. In order to address this problem, the author utilized negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with instillation and dwell time (NPWTi-d) to cleanse wounds of debris and help promote healing. Objective The author examines the impact of NPWTi-d on multiple indicators of wound healing progress in 6 cancer patients with complex wounds and multiple comorbidities. Materials and methods The NPWTi-d was initiated with instillation of normal saline or 0.125% hypochlorite solution, which was allowed to dwell for 3 to 20 minutes, followed by 2 to 3.5 hours of -125 mm Hg continuous negative pressure. Dressing changes were performed every 2 to 3 days. Debridements, incision and drainage, and antibiotics were administered as necessary. Results A total of 1 woman and 5 men (average age, 62 years; range, 53-78 years) presented with the following wounds: surgical dehiscence (n = 3), pressure injury (n = 1), chronic seroma (n = 1), and abdominal wall abscess (n = 1). Malignancy was not detectable in any wounds. Patient comorbidities included diabetes, hypertension, and past treatment for cancers. The NPWTi-d was applied for 1 to 2 weeks, after which the wounds exhibited a reduction in slough, an improvement in granulation tissue, and a decrease in wound volume. Wounds were closed with a flap or transitioned to conventional NPWT prior to discharge home or to a rehabilitation facility for outpatient recovery. Conclusions As shown in this case series, NPWTi-d was a beneficial tool for cleansing the wound bed, thus creating a moist, closed wound environment conducive to healing. Using NPWTi-d supported the formation of a healthy wound bed and contributed to rapid, positive outcomes in this patient population.
Complexity for modules over the classical Lie superalgebra

Let be a classical Lie superalgebra and let ℱ be the category of finite-dimensional -supermodules which are completely reducible over the reductive Lie algebra . In [B. D. Boe, J. R. Kujawa and D. K. Nakano, Complexity and module varieties for classical Lie superalgebras , Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (2011), 696–724], we demonstrated that for any module M in ℱ the rate of growth of the minimal projective resolution (i.e. the complexity of M ) is bounded by the dimension of . In this paper we compute the complexity of the simple modules and the Kac modules for the Lie superalgebra . In both cases we show that the complexity is related to the atypicality of the block containing the module.
Rumination time around dry-off relative to the development of diseases in early-lactation cows.

ABSTRACT Monitoring rumination time (RT) around the time of calving is an effective way of identifying cows at risk of disease in early lactation. However, this only allows for the identification of cows a few days before the onset of clinical signs; thus, effective preventive measures cannot be implemented. Recent research has suggested that biomarkers of immune and metabolic function measured at dry-off (DO) can predict higher disease risk in early lactation. Nevertheless, the extent to which RT around DO is associated with early-lactation disease risk remains unexplored. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare RT in the weeks before and after DO between cows that did and did not experience health disorders in early lactation. For this, we conducted an observational retrospective cohort study utilizing the records available from a large commercial dairy herd in which RT is recorded daily using an automated system. Daily RT from −7 to +14 d relative to DO from 2,258 DO cycles and their respective health records in the first 60 d in milk were used. Differences in RT between animals with and without a disease history were tested with the Student t-test with Bonferroni adjustment. Mixed linear regression analyses were performed to assess differences in RT around DO and the association of RT with the occurrence of mastitis, metritis, retained placenta, hyperketonemia, lameness, hypocalcemia, pneumonia, and displaced abomasum. Rumination time decreased abruptly at DO and remained lower for 3 to 4 d compared with the days before DO. On average, cows affected by hyperketonemia and lameness ruminated 9.83 ± 6.40 and 15.00 ± 6.08 min/d less than unaffected cows, respectively. Cows that developed lameness in the first 60 d in milk showed reduced RT from 1 to 3 d following DO compared with cows that were not diagnosed with lameness in early lactation. However, RT around DO was not associated with the occurrence of the other health disorders studied here. Our results demonstrate that DO is a stressful event for dairy cows resulting in decreased RT for several days. Furthermore, the association between RT around DO and some early-lactation diseases suggests that RT could be a useful tool to identify at-risk cows early enough to allow for preventive interventions. Further studies should investigate the diagnostic utility of incorporating RT data early in the dry period in the disease prediction algorithms of rumination sensors.
The Attorneys’ Gender: Exploring Counsel Success before the U.S. Supreme Court:

Stereotypes are powerful heuristics structuring decision-making, with research suggesting that gender-based stereotypes place women at a professional disadvantage. This paper tests whether attorney...
The interplay of additivity, dominance, and epistasis in a diploid yeast cross

We used a double barcoding system to generate and phenotype a panel of ~200,000 diploid yeast segregants that can be partitioned into hundreds of interrelated families. This experimental design enabled the detection of thousands of genetic interactions and many loci whose effects vary across families. Traits were largely specified by a small number of hub loci with major additive and dominance effects, and pervasive epistasis. Genetic background commonly influenced both the additive and dominance effects of loci, with multiple modifiers typically involved. The most prominent dominance modifier was the mating locus, which had no effect on its own. Our findings show that the interplay between additivity, dominance, and epistasis underlies a complex genotype-to-phenotype map in diploids. One sentence summaryIn diploids, epistasis frequently modifies both additivity and dominance.
Difference in ergosterol concentrations extracted from demethylation inhibitor resistant and susceptible strains of Monilinia fructicola: understanding the ‘Mona’ element

AbstractMonilinia fructicola causes disease on peaches and nectarines, and is an economic concern in the South Eastern United States. This experiment was designed to try and understand the mechanisms that allow M. fructicola to be resistant to Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, which is an interest among agronomists. Isolates of M. fructicola were analyzed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography to measure differences in ergosterol concentration between selected groups of isolates. This was done to determine if M. fructicola is using an alternate sterol other than ergosterol as the final end product of the sterol biosynthesis pathway, or is using a different enzyme other than 14-a demethylase, to synthesize ergosterol. This experiment showed differences in ergosterol concentration between the groups of isolates that were analyzed. The three groups analyzed in this study included isolates without the ‘Mona’ element while susceptible to DMI fungicides, isolates with the ‘Mona’ element and resistant to DMI fungicides, isolates with the ‘Mona’ element while susceptible to DMI fungicides. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the three groups of isolates, which suggesting that M. fructicola uses a different enzyme, other than 14-a demethylase, to synthesize ergosterol.
N-Particle Scattering Rates

Starting from time-dependent scattering theory, we derive expressions for the observable scattering rates of arbitrary numbers of colliding particles.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Venous Cardiac Computed Tomographic Angiography for Facilitation of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Background: Cardiovascular computed tomographic angiography (CTA) can visualize the coronary veins. We sought to assess the ability of CTA to facilitate resynchronization therapy (CRT) procedures using a prospective randomized single-center pilot study. Methods: Patients underwent CTA for characterization of cardiomyopathy prior to biventricular implantable cardiac-defibrillator implant. Randomization was performed with operator review of the CTA for coronary venous anatomy prior to CRT in one-half of the cases. Invasive coronary venous angiograms were used in all procedures. Analysis included procedure times and utilization of contrast, fluoroscopy, and guide catheters. Results: Characteristics of the 26 patients enrolled were mean age 55 ± 11 years, male 76.9%, ischemic etiology 35%, ejection fraction 25 ± 3%, class III congestive heart failure 100%, and QRS duration 179 ± 29 ms. Of patients enrolled, 22 had both CTA and procedure initiation. Three patients (two with CTA review and one without CTA review) had aborted procedures due to hemodynamic issues. Analysis of the 22 patients (nine with preprocedure CTA review and 13 without CTA review) demonstrated that preprocedure review of CTA coronary venous anatomy led to significantly decreased procedure times and utilization of contrast, fluoroscopy, and guide catheters. Conclusions: Preprocedure review of CTA coronary venous anatomy may lead to decreased procedural times and utilization of contrast, fluoroscopy, and guide catheters. These preliminary results will need to be evaluated in larger heart failure populations undergoing CRT. (PACE 2010; 33:1182–1187)
Choice Behavior in Pigeons Maintained with Probabilistic Schedules of Reinforcement.

Pigeons were trained in three experiments with a two-key, concurrent-chains choice procedure. The initial links were equal variable-interval schedules, and the terminal links were randomtime schedules with equal average interreinforcement intervals. Across the three experiments, the pigeons either stayed in a terminal link until a reinforcer was delivered or were returned to the initial links if a reinforcer was not delivered after the first unit time interval. The results showed that choice responding in concurrent chains is a complex function of (a) local factors, such as the immediacy of reinforcement in a terminal link, and (b) overall factors, such as the overall interreinforcement interval as calculated over both initial and terminal links of the chain. However, the local factors are generally stronger when the two factors are directly opposed.
The Wolff-Kishner Reduction

The oxygen atom of the carbonyl group in aldehdyes and ketones can be replaced by hydrogen by heating the semicarbazone, the hydrazone, or the azine in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. This reaction is known as the Wolff-Kishner reduction. Two slightly different variations of the method were discovered independently by Kishner in 1911 and by Wolff in 1912. Though the Kishner method has the advantage of avoiding the necessity of a sealed tube, the Wolff method has been modified to obviate both this necessity and that of isolating the intermediate carbonyl derivative. This reduction is the subject of this chapter. Keywords: Wolff-Kishner reduction; side reactions; variations; hydrazone; semicarbazone; alkaline catalysts; reduction; method comparisons; atmospheric pressure; experimental procedures
The Influence of Attraction and Company Values on Aggressive Corporate Tax Decision-Making

Little research has been published examining what influences tax decision-making within the corporate environment. What influences corporate tax decisions is an important issue because corporations account for 15.3 percent of the total gross tax collections and $67 billion of the tax gap. Additionally, based on anecdotal and survey evidence, pressure is being applied to tax personnel to be tax aggressive by senior management not associated with the tax department. This exploratory study identifies two factors that impact tax aggressiveness: 1) company values and 2) the individual's attraction to those values. Eighty-eight experienced MBA students are given an instrument describing a hypothetical situation involving tax depreciation and are asked whether they would recommend the asset be classified as a fixture or structural component to a colleague. The company's values are described as either aggressive or nonaggressive. The results indicate that the interaction between the individual’s level of attraction to the organization and the company values is significant. In particular, individuals with higher attraction to aggressive company values make the most aggressive tax recommendations while those with higher attraction to nonaggressive company values make the least aggressive tax recommendations.
Perspectives on Community-Based Forest Management in Oaxaca, Mexico

Abstract This compilation of papers explores various aspects related to community-based natural resource management in a comparative analysis of two communities located in different regions of Oaxaca, Mexico: the Chimalapas and the Sierra Norte. The contrasting histories, cultures, and forest ecosystems in the two communities have led to diverse approaches to managing their natural resources. Our analysis highlights the existence of underlying principles driving participatory management approaches, as well as the importance of adapting these approaches to site-specific local conditions. One theme addressed in these papers is the development of appropriate silvicultural techniques that incorporate both the local peoples' needs and experiences with the ecological characteristics of the forest ecosystem. Other land use activities are then discussed that affect management decisions in the regions such as cattle ranching and the collection of medicinal plants within the context of managing for sustainable fore...
Quantum Measurement, Gravitation, and Locality in the Dynamic Theory

This presentation gives an overview of the Dynamic Theory which offers classical thermodynamics as a new basis for the various physical theories. This leads to a five dimensional description of nature where the five dimensions are space, time, and mass. Just as in thermodynamics where an integrating factor, the temperature, ties the energy, heat, to the entropy, the Dynamic Theory produces two metrics tied by a geometrical integrating factor. One metric is integrable and, necessarily Riemannian, while the other is a non-integrable Weyl space. In the geometrical picture entropy is the arc length of the Riemannian space. The gauge function which appears in the Weyl space leads to a tencomponent gauge field tensor in which the gravitational vector field and the gravitational potential represent four components with the electric and magnetic vector fields representing the remaining six components. Isentropic states lead to a null trajectory in the entropy space, which is Einstein’ s trajectory of light, but lead to an infinite number of null trajectories in the Weyl space which are given by a generalization of quantum mechanics. The null trajectories in the Weyl space, which are quantum states, give rise to quantization of the gauge field in terms of integer units of charge and lead to a nonsingular gauge potential of the form (1/r)exp[-(lambda/r)]. The fact that the gravitational field appears as a gauge field in the five-dimensional field tensor, which comes from the gauge function, means that the gravitational field influences the quantum measurement (i.e., the least unit of action) and this shows up in the prediction of the red shifts from stellar objects. Since the gravitational potential is a non-singular form the predicted advance of the perihelion of binary stars is half that of Einstein’s General Relativity which makes a better agreement with experiment, yet yields that same prediction as General Relativity when one body is very massive compared to the other.
Implementing a business data warehouse approach in a semi-conductor manufacturing plant

The business data warehouse approach at the IBM Corbeil-Essonnes plant is described. Both concept and implementation aspects are discussed. The author focuses on the end-users computing services (EUCS) point of view including the satisfaction of user needs as well as the organizational and technical approach of this nonapplication environment. >