cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Learning for Concept Drift in Application Performance Modeling

Supervised learning is a promising approach for modeling the performance of applications running on large HPC systems. A key assumption in supervised learning is that the training and testing data are obtained under the same conditions. However, in production HPC systems these conditions might not hold because the conditions of the platform can change over time as a result of hardware degradation, hardware replacement, software upgrade, and configuration updates. These changes could alter the data distribution in a way that affects the accuracy of the predictive performance models and render them less useful; this phenomenon is referred to as concept drift. Ignoring concept drift can lead to suboptimal resource usage and decreased efficiency when those performance models are deployed for tuning and job scheduling in production systems. To address this issue, we propose a concept-drift-aware predictive modeling approach that comprises two components: (1) an online Bayesian changepoint detection method that can automatically identify the location of events that lead to concept drift in near-real time and (2) a moment-matching transformation inspired by transfer learning that converts the training data collected before the drift to be useful for retraining. We use application input/output performance data collected on Cori, a production supercomputing system at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. The results show that concept-drift-aware models obtain significant improvement in accuracy; the median absolute error of the best-performing Gaussian process regression improved by 58.8% when the proposed approaches were used.
Design and Validation Architecture of the Dream Chaser® Fault Tolerant Flight Computer

Sierra Nevada Corporation’s (SNC’s) flagship Dream Chaser® spacecraft will use a Draper designed Fault Tolerant Flight Computer for its resupply missions to the International Space Station. This paper discusses the architecture of major hardware and software functional blocks along with hierarchical fault detection and redundancy management features. System validation architectural details are also discussed.
Optimal SAT-based Minimum Adder Synthesis of Linear Transformations

Linear transformation with known fixed coefficients in commonly used in VLSI circuits, e.g., discrete cosine transformation (DCT) used in image/video compression, FIR/IIR filters used in DSP, and generic matrix multiplication (GEMM) used in artificial neural networks. In all these applications, because one of the multiplicands is constant, it is possible to apply optimizations that exploit the relationships between coefficients to reduce the hardware complexity. Additionally, in hardware implementations, the coefficients are usually carefully chosen to remove the need for a generic multiplier, and instead, multiplications are implemented using only adders and shifters. Unfortunately, finding the optimal minimum adder implementations for those is NP-hard, even in the simplest GF(2) case. In this paper, we extends an existing boolean satisfiability (SAT) based formalization of this problem from GF(2) to generic case, and proposes a successive approximate framework to make the formulation feasible with current SAT solvers. This approach could not only find optimal solutions but could also formally prove the optimality of the result. When applying this to synthesis of lightweight linear transformations (e.g., approximate DCT), it could find optimal multi-layer implementations that save up to 3.4% area and 3% power comparing to state-of-the-art ASIC synthesizers and up to 22% area saving and 6% delay improvements compared to FPGA synthesizers.
Getting on the Same Page: Introducing Alliance Rupture as a Path to Mutual Empathy and Change in Psychotherapy

Patient and therapist interpersonal interactions and the negotiation of negative process, often referred to as rupture resolution, have been shown to be critical to the change process in psychotherapy. In this chapter, we will present an evidence-based stage process model of rupture resolution, demonstrating a progression from mutual recognition of a rupture by patient and therapist, towards a greater mutual expression of patient and therapist perceptions of the rupture, and subsequently, mutual empathy, where greater understanding of patient and therapist subjectivities is achieved. A clinical illustration will be included throughout to illustrate this movement towards mutual empathy.
Plasma reconfigurable metamaterial using a 6.5 GHz dielectric resonator array

Plasma formation between coupled dielectric resonators (DRs) is frequency scaled from 1 GHz to 7 GHz. Previous research found that applying low-power microwaves to a pair of calcium titanate (CaTiO3) resonators could ignite plasma between them using the HEM111 resonance mode. Those large, 1 GHz DRs are scaled down in size, and thus scaled up in frequency. The optimum relative permittivity of DRs for plasma formation is reported to be 200, confirming that CaTiO3 (ɛr ∼ 170 ± 5) is a good material to use for plasma-forming DRs. This paper presents data collected for a 2D array of resonators operating in the 6–7 GHz range for separation distances of 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm in a 1–10 Torr argon gas environment. Gas breakdown data for two DR configurations are compared to the Raizer theory at 1.1 GHz and 6.5 GHz. Plasma modulation of the reflection and transmission of DR arrays with plasma on and off indicates possible future applications as a frequency selective filter.
Community water service and incidence of respiratory, skin, and gastrointestinal infections in rural Alaska, 2013-2015.

Abstract Background Communities in rural Alaska have access to multiple types of water service (piped, vehicle-hauled, and self-hauled) and experience varying levels of water service coverage. We assessed the incidence rate of inpatient and outpatient infectious disease visits among communities with different water service types and coverage levels. Methods We classified ICD-9 codes for inpatient and outpatient visits to the Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation facilities between 2013 and 2015 into six infectious disease categories. Using Poisson models, we compared the incidence of visits in each category across communities with differing water service coverage levels as defined by water service billing data for the same years. Using census data, we adjusted for community median household income, median age, crowding, and health aide staffing. Results We included 48 communities in this analysis. After adjusting for possible confounders, each 10% increase in piped water coverage was associated with a 4% lower incidence of pneumonia/influenza visits (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.98), a 2% lower incidence of other respiratory infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.99), an 8% lower incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus visits (adjusted IRR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.97), and a 4% lower incidence of other skin infections visits (adjusted IRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.95–0.98). Each 10% increase in vehicle-hauled water coverage was associated with a 2% lower incidence of respiratory infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.996) and a 3% lower incidence of skin infection visits (adjusted IRR 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–0.99), also after adjustment. Conclusions Higher levels of water service coverage were associated with lower incidence rates of visits for several infectious disease categories. These associations were more pronounced for communities with piped water service compared to vehicle-hauled water service.
Managing emotional support animal letters in clinical practice.

The purpose of this brief report was to inform clinical practice and decision making in addressing the increased number of individuals requesting and receiving emotional support animal (ESA) waivers. It is important for providers, including nurse practitioners to carefully consider the diagnostic and legal implications of endorsing ESAs. Nurse practitioners should be aware of the legal implications of writing ESA letters before providing them to their patients, understanding that a letter constitutes a determination of a disability. The literature on this topic is sparse, making it difficult to support the evidence-based practice of writing ESA letters. The therapeutic effects and benefits from human-animal interactions warrant further study in the case of ESAs to further support their use. Ultimately, it is up to the individual provider's clinical judgment supported by due diligence on a case-by-case basis should they decide to provide an ESA letter to their patient.
Editorial: The Power of Safety Professionals to Effect Change

In 2006, Cole et al. (2006) reported on tractor overturn-related injuries in Kentucky from a random sample of farmers that numbered 6,063 respondents. The highest number of people who experienced tractor overturns were operators 16 to 20 years old. In 2007, at a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Tractor Safety Initiative meeting in Colorado, John Myers of NIOSH presented a map of the states with the highest overturn fatality rates: Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. Significantly, four of these states, including Kentucky, overlap the Appalachian region (Cole, 2007; Hard and Myers, 2001). In Kentucky, this region involves farming on slopes, as examined by Saman et al. (2012), who found a high-risk cluster of tractor overturns among ten Kentucky counties in the Appalachian region, with a 97% increased risk of overturn as compared to other Kentucky counties. In 1971, James Arndt of Deere & Company presented a 50-year review of rollover protective structures (ROPS) at a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) conference. Arndt (1971) estimated that, over the previous 50 years, 30,000 operators had been killed when crushed by tractor overturns in agriculture and construction work. Since then, ROPS have been recognized as an effective device to prevent death in the event of a tractor overturn (Reynolds and Groves, 2000). Nevertheless, the epidemic of tractor-related deaths has continued into the modern era, and the cost of ROPS has been found to be a significant barrier to retrofitting tractors that lack ROPS (Myers et al., 1998). To provide a low-cost alternative, NIOSH safety engineers have designed, tested, and provided instructions for building and fitting cost-effective ROPS (CROPS) onto pre-ROPS tractors (i.e., tractors built before 1968) (Hard et al., 2016).
Homing of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to a Tendon-Derived Hydrogel: A Potential Mechanism for Improved Tendon-Bone Interface and Tendon Healing.

Purpose Tendons are difficult to heal owing to their hypocellularity and hypovascularity. Our laboratory has developed a tendon-derived hydrogel (tHG) that significantly improves tendon healing in an animal model. We hypothesized that a potential mechanism for improved healing with tHG is through the attraction of systemic stem cells. Methods Homing of systemic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to tendon injuries was assessed with acute and chronic injury models. Injury sites were treated with saline or tHG, and animals given a tail vein injection (TVI) of labeled ADSCs 1 week after treatment. One week following TVI, rats were harvested for histology. To further evaluate a potential difference in homing to tHG, a subcutaneous injection (SQI) model was used. Rats were treated with an SQI of saline, silicone, ADSCs in media, tHG, tHG + fibroblasts (FBs), or tHG + ADSCs on day 0. One week after SQI, rats underwent TVI with labeled ADSCs. Samples were harvested 2 or 3 weeks after SQI for analysis. Flow cytometry confirmed homing in the SQI model. Results Systemically delivered ADSCs homed to both acute tendon and chronic tendon-bone interface (TBI) injury sites. Despite their presence at the injury site, there was no difference in the number of macrophages, amount of cell proliferation, or angiogenesis 1 week after stem cell delivery. In an SQI model, ADSCs homed to tHG. There was no difference in the number of ADSCs homing to tHG alone versus tHG + ADSCs. However, there was an increase in the number of living cells, general immune cells, and T-cells present at tHG + ADSC versus tHG alone. Conclusions The ADSCs home to tendon injury sites and tHG. We believe the attraction of additional systemic ADSCs is one mechanism for improved tendon and TBI healing with tHG. Clinical relevance Treatment of tendon and TBI injuries with tHG can augment healing via homing of systemic stem cells.
Characterization of perioperative androgen profiles in men with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Abstract Background Prior studies have demonstrated declines in androgen levels in men with cancer and patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery. In this study, we hypothesized that decreased serum androgen levels are prevalent in male patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer and that it persists in the postoperative period. We characterized perioperative androgen hormonal profiles and examined for associated changes indicative of sarcopenia on computed tomography scans in men undergoing RC. Methods We implemented a prospective observational trial in men with newly diagnosed non-metastatic bladder cancer undergoing RC. Baseline pre-operative total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were obtained on morning lab draws with 30 days of surgery. TT and FT were then repeated on postoperative days (POD) 2, 3, 30, and 90. The threshold for normal TT was defined as >300 ng/dl, consistent with the AUA Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency. We evaluated postoperative changes in weight and psoas muscle cross-sectional area using computed tomography scans to assess for sarcopenic changes. Results Univariable statistical analysis was performed. 25 patients were enrolled. The mean patient age was 68.9 years. The mean pre-operative TT was 308 ng/dl, and 12/23 (52.5%) patients had low testosterone. Mean TT onPOD 2 and 3 were 166 ng/dl and 161 ng/dl, respectively (range 24–345). 19/20 (95%) of men who had morning lab draws had decreased TT. The mean TT at 30 days was 253 ng/dl with 37.5% of men having low TT. Mean TT at 90 days was 306 ng/dl. The mean FT levels were 43 ng/dl, 29.25 ng/dl, 28.2 ng/dl, 40.89 ng/dl, and 42.62 ng/dl at baseline, POD 2, POD 3, POD 30, and POD 90, respectively. Mean LH at baseline was 9.9 IU/L. Average weight loss at 30- and 90- days postop was -4.29 and -4.38 kilograms, respectively. Weight loss was persistent with only 3/23 (13%) returning to their presurgery weight by 90 days. Despite significant declines in weight and perioperative TT, no significant differences in psoas muscle cross-sectional area were observed (net change -92 mm2, P= 0.13) Conclusions Perioperative disruption of androgen levels is prevalent in men undergoing RC. Our trial demonstrates a pre-op, immediate postop, 30- and 90-day postoperative prevalence of low TT of 52%, 95%, 63%, and 37.5%, respectively. Significant changes in baseline weight were noted, although no significant changes in psoas muscle cross-sectional area were observed, limiting conclusions regarding a link between changes in androgens and sarcopenia in this setting.
Jewish Law and American Law: A Comparative Study (Introduction)

Recent decades have seen the emergence of comparative law, both as an important area of American legal practice and as a significant field of academic study in American law schools and universities. The comparative study of Jewish law and American law stands out as a particularly notable avenue of inquiry, gaining substantial prominence among legal scholars and garnering considerable interest among broader audiences. The chapters in "Jewish Law and American Law: A Comparative Study" turn to Jewish law to provide insights into substantive and conceptual areas of the American legal system, particularly areas of American law that are complex, controversial, and unsettled.
Detecting Rules-related Attacks in RPL-based Resource-Constrained Wireless Networks

The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was designed to meet the routing requirements of resource-constrained wireless networks to support different topologies as well as various Quality of Services (QoS). In RPL, nodes carefully select the best routes toward the root and avoid routing loops according to their locations in the network. Unfortunately, nodes can be compromised to perform a variety of internal attacks against the RPL rules. To improve the security within the RPL-based networks, in this paper, we extend a centralized Intrusion Detection System (IDS) called ARM, with specification-based intrusion modules added to both the root and the RPL nodes to enhance their ability in detecting a wider range of RPL rules-related attacks. Our extensive simulation results show that the proposed IDS, ARM-Pro, can achieve high accuracy in detecting the RPL rules-related attacks while incurring a moderate overhead on the devices resources.
Osteotomien

Skelettale Geometrie, Weichteile und neuromuskulare Kontrolle beeinflussen den Bewegungsablauf im Patellofemoralgelenk. Skelettale Anomalien, wie z. B. ein vergroserter Antetorsionswinkel, eine Dysplasie der Trochlea, eine Patella alta sowie eine veranderte Tibiatorsion konnen zu patellofemoralen Beschwerden fuhren. Die einwirkenden pathologischen Kraftvektoren, die veranderten Kontaktflachen und Druckverhaltnisse konnen zu Arthrose, Instabilitaten und Insuffizienz der Weichteile fuhren. Nach ausfuhrlicher Dokumentation der zugrunde liegenden primaren Pathologie kann die Indikation zu einer gezielten Osteotomie mit gleichzeitiger Weichteilkorrektur gegeben sein. Die operative Intervention soll die Pathomorphologie beheben.
Material Requirement and Resource Availability for Silicon Photovoltaic Laminate Manufacturing in the Next 10 Years

Material scarcity is a considerable threat to energy transition towards renewables. Photovoltaics (PV) installations are expected to increase rapidly in the next decade, which may increase the amount of material needed. This study created three scenarios (S 1 , S 2 , & S 3 ) to evaluate the impacts of potential technology improvements on the quantity of materials necessary for manufacturing silicon PV (Si PV) laminate in the next ten years. Our baseline was similar to previous studies, which applied theoretical models on PV historical data and ignored PV technology improvements that can influence future material projections. S 1 considered only market share and module efficiency, while S 2 covered wafer thickness improvements as well. S 3 was the scenario that more likely will occur in the next decade, which included module efficiency, market share, wafer thickness, glass thickness, and potential replacements such as using perovskite/silicon tandem. The material requirement for Si PV laminate manufacturing in S 3 was 22% to 78% lower than the baseline, S 1 , and S 2 . The highest material demand is expected to be for solar glass (74 million metric tons) and Metallurgical grade silicon (3 million metric tons) in the next decade. This study showed the importance of considering technology improvements to project the PV material requirement.
Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses identify stimulus-dependent molecular changes associated with distinct modes of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Summary Skeletal muscle atrophy is a debilitating condition that occurs with aging and disease, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Previous work determined that common transcriptional changes occur in muscle during atrophy induced by different stimuli. However, whether this holds true at the proteome level remains largely unexplored. Here, we find that, contrary to this earlier model, distinct atrophic stimuli (corticosteroids, cancer cachexia, and aging) induce largely different mRNA and protein changes during muscle atrophy in mice. Moreover, there is widespread transcriptome-proteome disconnect. Consequently, atrophy markers (atrogenes) identified in earlier microarray-based studies do not emerge from proteomics as generally induced by atrophy. Rather, we identify proteins that are distinctly modulated by different types of atrophy (herein defined as "atroproteins") such as the myokine CCN1/Cyr61, which regulates myofiber type switching during sarcopenia. Altogether, these integrated analyses indicate that different catabolic stimuli induce muscle atrophy via largely distinct mechanisms.
In Vitro Nasal Tissue Model for the Validation of Nasopharyngeal and Mid-turbinate Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 Testing

Large-scale population testing is a key tool to mitigate the spread of respiratory pathogens, as in the current COVID-19 pandemic, where swabs are used to collect samples in the upper airways (e.g. nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate nasal cavities) for diagnostics. However, the high volume of supplies required to achieve large-scale population testing has posed unprecedented challenges for swab manufacturing and distribution, resulting in a global shortage that has heavily impacted testing capacity world-wide and prompted the development of new swabs suitable for large-scale production. Newly designed swabs require rigorous pre-clinical and clinical validation studies that are costly and time consuming (i.e. months to years long); reducing the risks associated with swab validation is therefore paramount for their rapid deployment. To address these shortages, we developed a 3D-printed tissue model that mimics the nasopharyngeal and mid-turbinate nasal cavities, and we validated its use as a new tool to rapidly test swab performance. In addition to the nasal architecture, the tissue model mimics the soft nasal tissue with a silk-based sponge lining, and the physiological nasal fluid with asymptomatic and symptomatic viscosities of synthetic mucus. We performed several assays comparing standard flocked and injection-molded swabs. We quantified the swab pick-up and release, and determined the effect of viral load and mucus viscosity on swab efficacy by spiking the synthetic mucus with heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus. By molecular assays, we found that injected molded swabs performed similarly or superiorly in comparison to standard flocked swabs and we underscored a viscosity-dependent difference in cycle threshold values between the asymptomatic and symptomatic mucus for both swabs. To conclude, we developed an in vitro nasal tissue model, that corroborated previous swab performance data from clinical studies, with the potential of providing researchers with a clinically relevant, reproducible, safe, and cost-effective validation tool for the rapid development of newly designed swabs.
Open trial of fluoxetine therapy for premenstrual syndrome.

ABSTRACT:To assess the possible efficacy of fluoxetine hydrochloride in severe PMS (premenstrual syndrome, luteal phase dysphoric disorder), an open trial of this medication was undertaken on women with severe PMS. Of 38 patients seeking evaluation of PMS, 35 met the criteria for diagnosis, and 21 h
Policies, Money, and Child Welfare Caseworkers: What's Guiding Best Interest Decision-Making?

In response to the federal Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (Public Act 105-89) and rising costs for caring for a rapidly rising child welfare population, the state of Illinois, among many others, initiated policies to limit costs and move children out of state care and into permanent homes. Among the strategies states used was the employment of managed care funding strategies that incentivized the permanencies attained through adoption, guardianship, and return home to the child’s parent (F. Wulczyn & Orlebeke, 2000; F. W. Wulczyn, 2000). Although these initiatives assisted with the goal of decreasing the number of children in care – the overall number of children in state care decreased from 51,331 in 1997 to 16,593 in 2006 (Illinois Department of Children and Family Services, 2006) – some argue that these policies are having unintended consequences that are negatively affecting certain populations of children and families. Research suggests that related policies are negatively affecting decision-making that is impeding service delivery; demonstrated by an overuse of groups homes, increased adoption disruptions, and an overburdening of kinship caregivers (Curtis & Denby, 2004; Meezan & McBeath, 2008; Smith & Donovan, 2003) thus negatively affecting children’s long-term social, emotional, and physical outcomes (Altshuler & Gleeson, 1999; Barth, 1999; Whittaker & Maluccio, 2002).
Consequences of State Balanced Budget Restrictions: Fiscal Constraints or Accounting Manipulations?

Although balanced budgets are widely used throughout the world, there is considerable debate on whether they are effective. Poterba (1997) provides two theories on the effectiveness of balanced budget restrictions. The institutional irrelevance view suggests that balanced budget rules are ineffective, as governments can circumvent budget rules through accounting manipulations. Alternatively, the public choice view argues that balanced budgets represent important constraints on political actors. In this paper we provide evidence on these contrasting theories by investigating the extent to which states cut expenditures and/or raise taxes to meet the budget or whether they use accounting gimmicks to comply with budget requirements. Our evidence is consistent with both theories; we find that when facing fiscal problems, states use a combination of expenditure cuts and accounting gimmicks like inter-fund transfers and selling assets to meet the budget. A $100 per capita deficit induces states with strong anti-deficit rules to transfer $20 into the governmental funds, to sell $6.10 public assets, and to reduce expenditures by $48.40. We find that the fiscal response to deficits varies based on the size of the deficit; states react to small deficits by increasing taxes and cutting expenditures, and states respond to large deficits using a combination of tax increases, expenditure cuts, and asset sales. Jointly, our results suggest that balanced budget restrictions do provide constraints on political actors, but they also result in the use of accounting gimmicks like fund sweeps and asset sales.
Knowledge Management in Heterogeneous Data Warehouse Environments

This paper addresses issues related to Knowledge Management in the context of heterogeneous data warehouse environments. The traditional notion of data warehouse is evolving into a federated warehouse augmented by a knowledge repository, together with a set of processes and services to support enterprise knowledge creation, refinement, indexing, dissemination and evolution.
Market similarity and advertising standardization

Advertising for three self‐image projective products (perfumes, cosmetics and women′s apparel) were content‐analysed in UK, German and US editions of Vogue. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between market similarity and advertising standardization of these products over a longitudinal period. Based on the literature reviewed, suggests that, due to their degree of similarity in markets, the UK. and the USA would have a higher degree of advertising standardization than that which existed between the UK and Germany. Moreover, given the finalization of the European unification process by December 1992, the researchers sought to determine if market similarity remained a dominant criterion in advertising standardization practices. Results showed that advertising standardization was higher overall among UK and German advertisements than between UK and US ads. Moreover, findings indicated that only a single brand showed a higher degree of standardization over the six‐month period for all countries investigated, suggesting that market similarity still remains as the dominant factor in advertising standardization practices.
A Novel Familial Mutation in the CACNA1A Gene Associated with an Episodic Ataxia Type 2 Phenotype (S47.005)

OBJECTIVE: To describe two cases of episodic ataxia in a single kindred associated with a previously unreported mutation. BACKGROUND: Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with recurrent attacks of ataxia, vertigo, dysarthria, and nystagmus which may be precipitated by exercise, stress, or alcohol. Attacks are classically responsive to acetazolamide. EA2 is caused by mutations in the P/Q Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channel, Alpha A1Subunit (CACNA1A) gene. DESIGN/METHODS: We discuss a 55 year old man who presented with attacks of “dizziness”, imbalance, dysarthria, body jerks, and blurred vision of approximately 3 years duration. On interictal exam, he had sustained gaze-evoked nystagmus and a wide-based, ataxic gait. He could not identify triggers for his attacks. Acetazolamide 500 mg twice daily failed to reduce the frequency or severity of attacks. The patient’s 33 year old daughter was clumsy in infancy. Attacks of vertigo, dysarthria and impaired balance began at age 16. She identified caffeine, exertion, and stress as triggers for her attacks. On exam she was found to have sustained gaze-evoked nystagmus with normal coordination and gait. Attack frequency was reduced with acetazolamide 250 mg daily. RESULTS: Both patients were tested for EA2 and found to have identical, previously unreported mutations in intron 19 c 3093-A>G, altering the conserved 5’ acceptor site for the exon. This was predicted to cause aberrant splicing and a similar mutation, also resulting in an A to G change, has been described in the 3’ acceptor site of intron 36 in another EA2 kindred. CONCLUSIONS: This novel terminal mutation resulted in a typical EA2 phenotype in our female patient. However, her father’s presentation is atypical, with late onset and no response to acetazolamide. Variability in phenotype within kindreds, even with identical mutations, can present a diagnostic challenge in EA2. Disclosure: Dr. Tate has nothing to disclose. Dr. Siddiqui has received research support from the Hanes Foundation.
"The most awful problem that any nation ever undertook to solve": Reconstruction as a Crisis in Citizenship

Reconstruction is the step-child of the Civil War, the black hole of American history. It lacks the conflict and the personalities that make the Civil War so colorful; it also lacks the climactic feuds and battles, and dissipates into a confusing and wearisome tale of lost opportunities, squalid victories, and embarrassing defeats whose ultimate endpoint is the great American disgrace—Jim Crow.1 It lives with the short end of the historical stick for accomplishing too much, then accomplishing too little, with the result that almost the worst thing that can be said about someone in American history is that they were prominent in Reconstruction, since it throws them into the same mental filing cabinet with Andrew Johnson, Ulysses Grant and the Ku Klux Klan.2 Its twelve years, from 1865 to 1877, teem with associations and developments that seem regrettable, if not absolutely subversive:
Continuous-wave frequency comb Fourier transform source based on a high-dispersion cavity

A dispersive grating compressor was included in a fiber ring laser to generate an unequally spaced frequency comb spanning ∼1549-1552 nm. Beating of nearby modes in the comb naturally assigns unique amplitude modulation frequencies to each spectral component emitted. The source contains no moving parts. The single-mode fiber-coupled output is directed through hydrogen cyanide gas and detected by a photodiode. A Fourier transform of a 1ms record yields a spectrum that agrees with results from a grating spectrometer at 0.06 nm resolution. By engineering stable, broadband combs, the technique could result in a universal and simple approach for spectroscopy at almost arbitrary measurement speeds and spectral resolutions limited only by Fourier principles.
Knowledge of Missouri Third Grade Students Concerning Dietary Factors that Contribute to Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract LEARNING OUTCOME: To obtain information concerning third grade students' knowledge of the relationship between dietary fat and cholesterol, obesity and coronary heart disease. Nutrition knowledge of 4,707 third graders from various socioeconomic groups across the state of Missouri was determined through the use of a knowledge test. The research tool was developed to ascertain if third grade students could identify foods high in dietary fat and cholesterol, and if they would be able to indicate causes of obesity. It was further intended that the research tool would indicate the children's knowledge concerning the role of dietary fat and cholesterol and obesity to coronary heart disease. The nutrition knowledge test was given to third grade students from inner city, urban, suburban, and rural locations while they were in their individual classrooms. Results found that at least 50% of the subjects could identify foods containing dietary cholesterol (with, one exception). Some foods low in cholesterol were incorrectly identified. Approximately two thirds pf the subjects knew the relationship between dietary cholesterol, blood cholesterol, and coronary heart disease. It is anticipated that this information will be utilized for the development and enrichment of nutrition education curriculums. Education should focus on those with limited knowledge and serve to reinforce the knowledge of others.
An electronic effect on protein structure.

The well-known preference of the peptide bond for the trans conformation has been attributed to steric effects. Here, we show that a proline residue with an N-formyl group (Hi−1−C′i−1=Oi−1), in which Hi−1 presents less steric hindrance than does Oi−1, likewise prefers a trans conformation. Thus, the preference of the peptide bond for the trans conformation cannot be explained by steric effects alone. Rather, an n → π* interaction between the oxygen of the peptide bond (Oi−1), and the subsequent carbonyl carbon in the polypeptide chain (C′i) also contributes to this preference. The Oi−1 and C′i distance and Oi−1···C′i=Oi angle are especially favorable for such an n → π* interaction in a polyproline II helix. We propose that this electronic effect provides substantial stabilization to this and other elements of protein structure.
Effect of Formation Minerals on HEC Gel Return Permeability and Techniques To Overcome Potential Damage

This paper describes the methodology and results of a series of tests conducted on HydroxyEthyl Cellulose (HEC) gel to determine its effects on return permeability. HEC gel is widely used in the oilfield as a carrier fluid in gravel packing operations and is generally considered to cause minimal formation damage. However, results of this study indicate that even when HEC gel is efficiently removed from the formation, interaction between the fluid and the formation can result in reduced return permeability. Therefore, particular care must be given to quality control and mixing procedures to minimize potential formation damage. HEC gel break-back procedures used by oilfield laboratories for return permeability measurement are based on displacement studies related to reservoir engineering. In these tests, flow through a Berea core is maintained at constant pressure and later, after introduction of the test fluid, the change in permeability is calculated as a percent of the initial permeability. In these cases, any resulting loss of permeability was assumed to be caused by HEC gel trapped in the formation. To insure complete HEC degradation over time and temperature with and without the presence of formation minerals, seven different breaker systems were evaluated to select the most efficient system. This study concludes that damage caused by HEC residue is minimal compared to the damage caused by the interaction of the fluid and the rock minerals present in various formations. The results of our investigation also iridicate that the performance of breakers is influenced by the presence of formation minerals. This paper will present experimental data of HEC gel break-back in the presence of formation minerals as well as the testing of chemical additives designed to minimize damage and deliver improved return permeability.
Theory of the microwave-soliton or antisoliton interaction in Josephson tunnel junctions

Recently, microwave-induced harmonic and subharmonic structures were observed on the resistive branches associated with soliton or antisoliton propagations in a long Josephson tunnel junction. We have calculated the microwave-power dependence of the induced step-structure heights using a perturbation method. It is found that for different steps, the power dependences are different. Furthermore, for a given step, the height as a function of the microwave power also depends upon the nature of the coupling of the microwaves to the junction which can be either electric or magnetic.
Decidualized endometrioma during pregnancy: recognizing an imaging mimic of ovarian malignancy.

Objective: To present the ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging findings that may allow for a prospective diagnosis and expectant management of decidualized endometriomas because the rare occurrence of decidualization in the ectopic endometrial stroma of an endometrioma during pregnancy can mimic ovarian cancer at imaging. Case Report: Smooth lobulated mural nodules with prominent internal vascularity were noted in an apparent right ovarian endometrioma on serial ultrasound studies in a 34-year-old woman at 12, 21, 27, and 30 weeks of gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the nodules to be strikingly similar in intensity and texture to the decidualized endometrium in the uterus on T2-weighted sequences. A provisional diagnosis of decidualized endometrioma allowed for expectant management with immediate postpartum resection and confirmation of the diagnosis. Conclusions: Decidualized endometrioma can mimic ovarian malignancy during pregnancy, but a prospective diagnosis may be possible when solid smoothly lobulated nodules with prominent internal vascularity within an endometrioma are seen from early in pregnancy, and the nodules demonstrate marked similarity in signal intensity and texture with the decidualized endometrium in the uterus at magnetic resonance imaging.
Infants' sensitivity to kinetic information for three-dimensional object shape.

Infant sensitivity to kinetic information specifying three-dimensional object shape was assessed using computer-generated random-dot displays. Four-month-old infants were habituated to displays of an object oscillating about two different axes on alternating trials. Following habituation, the infants were tested for recovery from habituation to a display of the same object and a novel object. Both test displays employed a new axis of rotation. The infants generalized habituation to the same object and increased their looking to the new object. These results provide evidence that infants are sensitive to motion-carried information specifying three-dimensional object shape, since the random-dot displays minimized static information that differentiated the two objects. These findings suggest that, at least by 4 months of age, infants can detect subtle differences in shape from purely kinetic information.
How close is too close?: The negative relationship between knowledge of HIV transmission routes and social distancing tendencies

Abstract Data measuring respondents’ knowledge of HIV's transmission routes was obtained via a statewide RDD sample of 603 Nevadans to determine if disease knowledge influences respondent efforts to socially and physically distance themselves from a hypothetical HIV-positive person. Four separate dependent variables (scenarios) are created in which the geographic distance between the respondent and a hypothetical HIV-positive person decreases; while, at the same time, physical personal contact, or potential for contact, increases. Findings show 84.2% of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of HIV transmission routes, and the majority felt comfortable across all four social scenarios. However, multiple logistic regression analyses indicate that respondents with sufficient knowledge of how HIV is transmitted are significantly more comfortable with casual social interactions than those respondents with insufficient knowledge. The results from this study confirm the importance of HIV-knowledge as a tool to combat AIDS-related stigma.
A Program for Neonatal Hearing Screening

The efficacy of mass programs for testing the hearing of newborn infants still in the nursery is extremely controversial. This is primarily due to indequate analysis of stimulus and response variables, and a lack of definitive information gleaned from long-term follow-up studies on all children tested. The paper describes a unique project at the University of Nebraska in which 10 000 children tested for hearing loss in the nursery were subjects in a longitudianal study attempting to resolve questions regarding the prevalence of hearing disorders, the extent of false positive and false negative responses in the nursery, differential response patterns, and other sequelae. Substudies involving stimuli and response types, and the use of preconditioning auditory alerting signals are discussed. Lack of response to auditory stimuli when hearing is normal, response only to broad-band white noise, lack of response decrement, and the hyperactive response are considered, and some of the long-range implications of th...
The Information Content of Newspaper Advertising

Abstract Although newspaper advertising revenues exceed that of television and magazines, there has yet to be a study of the information content of newspaper advertising. This paper assesses the information content of over 500 newspaper ads from thirteen newspapers applying the commonly used Resnik and Stern (1977) method. Newspaper ads averaged 3.13 cues per ad, far more than that found by any previous studies of television and magazine advertising. The amount of newspaper advertising information also varied significantly by the category of newspaper (national or local).
Temporal profiles of pod production and pod set in soybean

Abstract The distribution of flower and pod production during flowering may be an important determinant of pod and seed number in grain crops. We characterized the dynamics of small pod production and survival to maturity on indeterminate and determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill)] cultivars growing in the field or greenhouse. Two soybean cultivars (maturity group IV, indeterminate and determinate) were grown in the field near Lexington, KY (38°N latitude) in 2001 and 2002 in 0.76 cm rows using late May and late June (2002 only) planting dates, and normal (24 plants m−2) and low (9 plants m−2, 2002 only) plant populations. Cultivar Elgin 87 (indeterminate, maturity group II) was grown in a greenhouse in 3.0 L pots with one plant per pot. All unmarked pods that were ≥10 mm long were marked with acrylic paint at the base of the pod at 3-day intervals. Paint color was changed at each marking to provide a temporal profile of pod production and pod survival. The pod production (marked pods) period was longer in the indeterminate cultivar (nearly 50 days after R1) than the determinate cultivar (≤40 days after R1). Delayed planting shortened the pod-production period, but a two- to three-fold difference in pods per plant, created by changing plant population, did not affect it. The temporal distribution of small pods that survived to maturity (full sized pods with at least one normal seed) closely followed the distribution of pod production in all experiments. Some surviving pods initiated growth after the beginning of seed filling (i.e., between growth stage R5 and R6), but most of the pods were initiated in a much shorter interval (up to 84% were initiated in 10 mm long was relatively low (20–30%), so production of a pod ≥10 mm long seems to be a key event in the pod set process. The average length of the pod set period at individual nodes on the main stem was larger for the determinate cultivar (14 days) than for the indeterminate (9 days), so the longer total period in the indeterminate cultivar resulted from the delay in initating pod production at the upper nodes on the main stem. Temporal profiles of pod production and pod set seem to be more sensitive to changes in flower and main stem node production than to changes in photosynthesis per plant (created by varying plant population). These results provide some of the information needed to integrate time into models predicting pod and seed number.
Resistive companion battery modeling for electric circuit simulations

Abstract Resistive companion (RC) modeling is an easy-to-use approach for electric circuit simulations. With a RC numerical solver, simulations of complex electric systems can be achieved based on RC models. In this study, the construction of RC battery models is investigated. A general battery model and a nickel–metal hydride cell model have been built. Simulations of RC battery models on virtual test bed (VTB) are presented and analyzed. It is shown that RC modeling provides a flexible and powerful way for the simulation of battery systems.
Purification and Functional Characterization of a Histone H3-Lysine 4-Specific Methyltransferase

Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 by SUV39H1 and subsequent recruitment of the heterochromatin protein HP1 has recently been linked to gene silencing. In addition to lysine 9, histone H3 methylation also occurs at lysines 4, 27, and 36. Here, we report the purification, molecular identification, and functional characterization of an H3-lysine 4-specific methyltransferase (H3-K4-HMTase), SET7. We demonstrate that SET7 methylates H3-K4 in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found that methylation of H3-K4 and H3-K9 inhibit each other. Furthermore, H3-K4 and H3-K9 methylation by SET7 and SUV39H1, respectively, have differential effects on subsequent histone acetylation by p300. Thus, our study provides a molecular explanation to the differential effects of H3-K4 and H3-K9 methylation on transcription.