cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum vasopressin concentrations during orthotopic liver transplantation

Abstract Background We report measurements of the temporal response of serum vasopressin concentrations in the period after reperfusion of the liver graft during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods Vasopressin concentrations were determined in 11 adult patients undergoing OLT by radioimmunoassay of samples collected after induction, at 5 minutes prior to reperfusion, and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after reperfusion. Results Pre-incision vasopressin concentrations ranged from 20 pg/mL. In each of these patients, hemodynamics were satisfactory without the need for additional pressor infusion. Maximum vasopressin concentration measured in any patient was 85 pg/mL. There was no correlation between vasopressin concentration and mean blood pressure or systemic vascular resistance index. Conclusion Vasopressin concentrations during OLT vary widely and are elevated periodically during the anhepatic and postreperfusion stages, with no apparent relationship between vasopressin concentrations and blood pressure. Although vasopressin concentrations were not as high as those measured during some other clinical situations, these data suggest that a relative vasopressin deficiency is not a direct cause of hypotension during OLT.
Towards designing health monitoring interfaces for low socioeconomic status families

We conducted a study with eight low socioeconomic status caregivers, the “gatekeepers” to family and community health, to explore their technology perceptions and visualizations that can assist them in managing their families' health. We studied how to visualize the everyday health habits of a population that is at risk for chronic illness. Through semi-structured interviews and prototype design activities, we found that the caregivers wanted to use mobile technology to monitor a subset of their family members for at least one health metric. We inform future work with an analysis of the target population's needs in relation to longitudinal health visualizations with multiple family member data streams.
Mechanistic Considerations in the Synthesis of 2-Aryl-Indole Analogues under Bischler-Mohlau Conditions.

Abstract Mechanistic insight into the pathway of the Bischler–Mohlau indole formation reaction is provided by isotopic labeling utilizing judicious incorporation of a 13C atom within the α-bromoacetophenone analogue reactant. The resulting rearranged 2-aryl indole, isolated as the major product, located the 13C isotope label at the methine carbon of the fused five-membered heterocyclic ring, which suggested that the mechanistic pathway of cyclization, in this specific example, required two equivalents of the aniline analogue reactant partner and proceeded through an imine intermediate rather than by direct formation of the corresponding 3-aryl indole accompanied by a concomitant 1,2-aryl shift rearrangement.
CELLULAR ORIGIN OF RHEUMATOID FACTOR.

Fluorescein-labelled aggregated human γ-globulin was found to react in precipitin-type tests with serums of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. This reagent was also highly reactive and specific for the localization of rheumatoid factor in frozen sections of synovial membranes, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous nodules. In synovial membranes from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor was present in the cytoplasm of plasma cells at various stages of development and maturity. The appearance of the cytoplasm and the occasional presence nearby of extracellular particles suggested the possibility of a secretory process. All other cells were devoid of rheumatoid factor. Some plasma cells contained 7S and/or 19S γ-globulin and many lacked detectable γ-globulin. In lymph nodes from a patient with active rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid factor was present in approximately one in ten germinal centers as well as in internodular plasma cells. The rheumatoid factor was localized in the cytoplasm and the characteristic protoplasmic processes of the germinal-center cells. All other cells were devoid of rheumatoid factor. 7S and/or 19S γ-globulin was demonstrated in approximately eight in ten germinal centers in these lymph nodes. Plasma cells with rheumatoid factor were also seen on occasion in rheumatoid subcutaneous nodules. Tissue sections of comparable structure prepared from normal and pathological control material did not contain rheumatoid factor. Staining for rheumatoid factor was blocked by pretreatment of sections either with unlabelled aggregated human γ-globulin or with rabbit antiserum against 19S human γ-globulin.
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy: A rare presentation of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma

Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare malignant hepatocellular tumor of unknown etiology, arising almost exclusively from noninfected, noncirrhotic liver of young adults. FLC has traditionally been considered to have better survival than hepatocellular carcinoma; however, this notion might be highly erroneous. Patients with metastatic disease at presentation have a dismal prognosis with 5-year survival of only 15%. We describe a case of highly aggressive metastatic FLC that presented as hyperammonemic encephalopathy, which has never been previously reported in the literature.
Fuzzy linear regression with spreads unrestricted in sign

Abstract By the use of actual examples, it is shown that when the two trends, namely the fuzzy spread trend and the center line, or modal, trend, are in conflict or inconsistent, the results of the fuzzy linear regression (FLR) model based on the approach of Tanaka and coworkers frequently misinterprets the data. To avoid this misinterpretation, a modification of the FLR procedure, by allowing the spreads of the parameter to be unrestricted in sign, is proposed. It is shown that by the use of this unrestricted fuzzy linear regression (UFLR) model, correct prediction of the trends are obtained.
Childhood maltreatment and adult personality disorder symptoms: influence of maltreatment type

The present study examines the effects of different types of childhood maltreatment on personality disorder symptoms in a sample of adults with no Axis I psychopathology. Participants reporting a history of moderate to severe maltreatment on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (n = 70) were grouped by type of abuse and compared with a non-abused group (n = 35) with regard to the number of personality disorder symptoms endorsed. Physical/sexual abuse and emotional abuse/neglect each were associated with elevated symptoms of all three personality disorder clusters. Elevated symptoms of several specific personality disorders were also seen, including paranoid, borderline, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, and depressive personality disorder. There were no significant differences between the maltreatment groups. These findings indicate that emotional abuse/neglect and physical/sexual abuse are risk factors for a broad array of personality outcomes in a non-clinical sample.
Structure and organization of the human transglutaminase 3 gene: Evolutionary relationship to the transglutaminase family

The human haploid genome contains a family of at least five different transglutaminases that are differentially expressed in time- and tissue-specific ways. Of these, transglutaminase 3 (TGase3) is unusual in that it is a pro-enzyme requiring activation by proteolysis. To date it is known to be expressed only in terminally differentiating epidermal and hair follicle keratinocytes. In this paper we show that it is encoded by a gene (TGM3) of 42.8 kbp containing 13 exons. In the course of isolation of genomic clones for the TGM3 gene, we also found clones encoding the widely expressed tissue or TGase2 enzyme, perhaps due to high degrees of sequence homology. The structure of the TGM2 gene has not yet been reported. Our incomplete data suggest its exon/intron organization is very similar to that of TGM3. Although the common intron splice points of all members of the transglutaminase gene family have been conserved, the TGM3 and TGM2 genes, and the gene for the subplasma membrane transglutaminaselike protein band 4.2, lack two introns found in the TGM1 and factor XIIIa genes, and the exact intron splice point of another intron is shifted with respect to that of the TGM1 and factor XIIIa genes. Based on sequence homologies and gene structures, the data support a phylogenic tree in which the TGM2 and TGM3 genes belong on a branch distinct from other transglutarninases.
Geochemical cycling of mercury in a deep, confined aquifer: Insights from biogeochemical reactive transport modeling

Total dissolved mercury concentrations (HgT) were measured in groundwaters collected along a flow path within a deep, confined aquifer (i.e., the Carrizo Sand) in southeastern Texas, USA, along with major solutes, pH, and redox sensitive parameters that include dissolved iron species [Fe(II), Fe(III)] and sulfide [S(-II)] concentrations. Mercury concentrations range from below detection (<0.43 pmol kg−1) to close to 8 pmol kg−1, and increase 6-fold along the first 13 km of the flow path, coincident with the region of the aquifer where dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction buffers the redox conditions. With groundwater flow beyond the Fe(III) reducing zone and into the region of the aquifer dominated by sulfate reduction, the dissolved HgT concentrations decrease by close to a factor of 3. Dissolved HgT is positively correlated with dissolved Fe(II) concentrations (r = 0.61), and to a lesser extent with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations (r = 0.54), and inversely related to both pH (r = −0.56) and dissolved S(-II) concentrations (r = −0.41), although this latter relationship is not statistically significant. Solution complexation modeling indicates that Hg is chiefly complexed with dissolved sulfide and that organic complexes with Hg are generally negligible. Biogeochemical reactive transport modeling demonstrates that the distinct zones of high Fe(II) followed by high S(-II) groundwaters observed along the flow path are consistent with microbially mediated Fe(III) reduction followed by SO42- reduction that occurs sequentially along the flow path. Furthermore, the modeling suggests that Hg is released to Carrizo Sand aquifer groundwaters by dissimilatory reduction of the Fe(III) oxides/oxyhydroxides (goethite and hematite), which are common in the aquifer, occurring as coatings on sand grains (chiefly quartz). Subsequently, the model suggests that Hg is removed from Carrizo Sand groundwater further down gradient along the flow path by adsorption onto goethite and hematite. Adsorption onto, or co-precipitation with, Fe-sulfide minerals like mackinawite, sorption onto sedimentary organic matter, and/or precipitation of HgS(s) may also play important roles in Hg removal from Carrizo Sand groundwaters.
An Evaluation of ECMWF-Based Climatological Wind Stress Fields

Abstract A new mean monthly wind stress climatology based on seven yeas (1980–1986) of operational weather analyses by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has been derived by Trenberth et al. This climatology (referred to here as the TLO climatology) potentially represents a significant improvement over climatologies derived only from conventional wind observations. An attempt is made here to quantify the absolute accuracy of the TLO climatology by comparison with global wind stress fields constructed from vector winds measured by the Seasat-A Satellite Scatterometer (SASS) during 1978. From a simulated SASS dataset, it is shown that the magnitudes of the SASS stresses must be increased by about 7% to account for a systematic error that can be attributed to the scatterometer spatial- and temporal-sampling characteristics. After applying this correction, differences between the TLO climatology and SASS winds in the tropics are most likely related to known limitations of the ECMWF...
Epidemic Meningococcal Disease: Synthesis of a Hypothetical Immunoepidemiologic Model

A hypothetical model of the epidemic behavior of Neisseria meningitidis, based upon the induction of susceptibility to disseminated disease by circulating IgA, is presented. The model is based on the assumption that epidemic susceptibility is acquired as a result of induction of serum IgA by cross-reacting enteric bacteria, the priming organism. Cocolonization with the appropriate strain of N. meningitidis then may result in disseminated disease. Colonization by either bacterium in the absence of the other results in reinforcement of the commensal relationship. Slow, silent, fecal-oral transmission of the priming organism determines the time/space characteristics of an epidemic; interruption of fecal-oral transmission aborts it. Aerosol transmission of the meningococcus determines the magnitude of an epidemic. Independent, age-related acquisition of both capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antibodies provides immunity in the absence of aberrantly high levels of co-specific serum IgA. The development of group-specific capsular polysaccharide vaccines against disseminated meningococcal disease continues apace. In older children and adults, groups A and C vaccines prevent disseminated disease due to these serogroups
On the topological charge concentrated at a point

Abstract For SU(2) gauge fields over the 4-dimensional sphere with a finite number of points x 1 , x 2 , ..., and x N removed, there are gauge transformations which modify the topological charge concentrated at x j by adding n j , where n 1 , n 2 , …, and n N . are integers such that Σ N j = 1 n j = 0. However, the reduction modulo Z of the topological charge at a point is well defined, being given in terms of the secondary characteristic classes of Chern and Simons, except when the topological charge is indeterminate.
Effects of Turbulence Model on Prediction of Hot-Gas Lateral Jet Interaction in a Supersonic Crossflow

Abstract : Computational fluid dynamic predictions of surface pressures resulting from lateral jet injection into a Mach 3 supersonic crossflow from a cone-cylinder-flare missile are compared with wind tunnel data. Predictions of a sonic, multispecies, hot-gas jet using real-gas methodology are compared with predictions of a cold-gas jet and a hot, nonreacting jet using the ideal-gas assumption. An evaluation of 9 turbulence models is performed to determine their ability to accurately predict the surface pressures due to the jet interaction flowfield resulting from the injection of the lateral jets into the Mach 3 crossflow. Predictions of axial and circumferential pressure profiles were found to be very dependent on turbulence models, with some models performing relatively poorly. Menter's Shear Stress Transport model gave very good predictions for the hot-gas and hot-air jets, while Menter's Baseline model provided the most accurate predictions for a cold-air jet. The study found that even with the observed variations in surface pressure, the aerodynamic forces and moments produced by the lateral jet interactions with the crossflow were much less sensitive to the turbulence model than were the surface pressure profiles. The ideal-gas hot-air jet was found to represent the multispecies, hot-gas jet reasonably well, making it a viable substitution for a real-gas solution under certain assumptions.
Novel system for analysis of group I 3' splice site reactions based on functional trans -interaction of the P1/P10 reaction helix with the ribozyme's catalytic core

A group I intron from a bacterial tRNA precursor has been converted into an RNA enzyme that catalyzes the efficient polymerization of oligoribonucleotide analogs of tRNA exons using a reaction scheme consisting of multiple cycles of reverse and forward exon ligation reactions. Here, we present results showing that this system represents a novel and useful tool for the analysis of 3' splice site reactions of group I ribozymes. First, analysis of variant substrates containing base substitutions in group I secondary structure elements P1, P9.0 and P10 confirms that exon polymerization is dependent on these structures, and therefore constitutes an appropriate and relevant model system for studying the exon ligation step of splicing. Second, to probe interactions between the intron's catalytic core and the bases and backbone of the P1/P10 reaction helix, two successful strategies for separating the internal guide sequence from the intron core were devised. One such strategy uses a construct in which the reaction helix interacts functionally with the catalytic core using only tertiary contacts. Further stabilization of this interaction through the inclusion of a 7 bp intermolecular P2 helix generates increased reaction efficiency. Third, when provided with two reaction helices, the ribozyme synthesizes mixed polymers through a mechanism that involves sequential binding and release of the duplexes. Fourth, in these reactions, turnover of the external guide sequence requires unwinding and annealing of the P2 helix, suggesting that P2 unwinding may occur during group I splicing. These results provide novel experimental tools to probe the relatively poorly understood 3' splice site reactions of group I introns, and may be relevant to ribozyme-catalyzed assembly and recombination of oligomers in prebiotic scenarios.
Rapid arsenite oxidation by Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus: Field and laboratory investigations

Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus, common inhabitants of terrestrial hot springs and thermally polluted domestic and industrial waters, have been found to rapidly oxidize arsenite to arsenate. Field investigations at a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park revealed conserved total arsenic transport and rapid arsenite oxidation occurring within the drainage channel. This environment was heavily colonized by Thermus aquaticus. In laboratory experiments, arsenite oxidation by cultures of Thermus aquaticus YT1 (previously isolated from Yellowstone National Park) and Thermus thermophilus HB8 was accelerated by a factor of over 100 relative to a biotic controls. Thermus aquaticus and Thermus thermophilus may therefore play a large and previously unrecognized role in determining arsenic speciation and bioavailability in thermal environments.
Abstract 4011: CYP3A4 over-expression promotes ER-positive breast cancer cell growth, in part, through Stat3 activation

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is an important monooxygenase that metabolizes a wide range of xenobitics including many drugs and environmental chemicals, as well as endogenous substances such as steroids. Expression of CYP3A4 has been observed in breast tumors, but its studies in breast cancer cells have mainly focused on carcinogen bioactivation, hormone metabolism and chemotherapy resistance. Whether CYP3A4 has a direct effect on breast cancer progression is unknown. To address these questions, we performed RNAi knock down studies, demonstrating roles for CYP3A4 in proliferation, motility, and clonogenicity of the MCF7 line. CYP3A4 knock down also inhibited phosphorylation of key regulatory proteins such as c-Src and STAT3, implicating its importance in breast cancer progression. To further study the effect and mechanisms of CYP3A4 in breast cancer progression, stable CYP3A4 over-expressing MCF7 cell lines were isolated and characterized. CYP3A4 over-expressing clones exhibited a higher proliferation rate than the vector control clone, consistent with the flow cytometry cell cycle analysis in which CYP3A4 over-expressing clones exhibited a markedly higher S phase component. Apoptosis was not increased due to CYP3A4 over-expression. The CYP3A4 over-expressing clones adhere poorly to plastic and require poly-D-lysine coated tissue culture plate to grow robustly. Adhesion to fibronectin was also reduced as the result of over-expression. In immunofluorescence microscopic study, the highest CYP3A4 over-expressing clone displayed disorganized focal adhesions, potentially explaining the poor adhesion. Consistent with the knock down study, CYP3A4 over-expressing clones exhibited elevated phosphorylation of both c-Src and Stat3 that could be responsible for the observed promotion of proliferation. These results support the model that CYP3A4 is an important signaling protein, linked to the c-Src/Stat3 pathway that influences breast cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4011.
State-selective detection of H2 BY 1+1 REMPI via the C 1Πu (ν′=0, J′) states

Abstract It is shown that there are some advantages to determining ground state population distributions of H 2 by 1 + 1 REMPI using the C 1 Π u (ν′=0) state as the intermediate state. The state distribution can be deduced more directly from the ion signal; in addition, a much improved sensitivity of 5 molecules/cm 3 per quantum state is achieved.
Relative Importance Analysis: A Useful Supplement to Regression Analysis

This article advocates for the wider use of relative importance indices as a supplement to multiple regression analyses. The goal of such analyses is to partition explained variance among multiple predictors to better understand the role played by each predictor in a regression equation. Unfortunately, when predictors are correlated, typically relied upon metrics are flawed indicators of variable importance. To that end, we highlight the key benefits of two relative importance analyses, dominance analysis and relative weight analysis, over estimates produced by multiple regression analysis. We also describe numerous situations where relative importance weights should be used, while simultaneously cautioning readers about the limitations and misconceptions regarding the use of these weights. Finally, we present step-by-step recommendations for researchers interested in incorporating these analyses in their own work and point them to available web resources to assist them in producing these weights.
Teratocytes and their functions in parasitoids

Some endoparasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) produce teratocytes, which are a type of cell that is released into host insects when wasp eggs hatch. In this short review I first summarize the different taxa of wasps that produce teratocytes, the embryonic origin of these cells, and key features of teratocyte growth. Then I discuss the known or hypothesized functions of teratocytes, and the range of teratocyte gene products that have been identified including recent transcriptome and proteome data.
ADH and ALDH polymorphisms and alcohol dependence in Mexican and Native Americans

Background: Ethanol is primarily metabolized in the liver by two rate-limiting reactions: conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and subsequent conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH exist in multiple isozymes that differ in their kinetic properties. Notably, polymorphisms within the genes that encode for these isozymes vary in their allele frequencies between ethnic groups, and thus, they have been considered as candidate genes that may differentially influence risk for the development of alcohol dependence across ethnic groups. Objectives and methods: Associations between alcohol dependence and polymorphisms in ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 were compared in a community sample of Native Americans (n 791) living on reservations and Mexican Americans (n 391) living within the same county. Results: Two Mexican Americans and no Native Americans possessed one ALDH2*2 allele. Presence of at least one ADH1B*2 allele was found in 7% of the Nat...
The effects of running stress on plasma vitamin A levels in rats

The plasma concentrations of vitamin A, zinc and proteins and the hepatic level of vitamin A were determined in rats subjected to running as a model for stress and which were receiving standard or vitamin-A free diets. All rats showed a decrease in plasma vitamin A with running compared with non-running control animals. Hepatic levels of vitamin A were higher in these two test groups than in their weight- and age-matched non-running controls. The data support that running, like other forms of stress, decreases plasma vitamin A, consistent with the retention of vitamin A in the liver.
Analysis of multicomponent diffusion couples for interdiffusion fluxes and interdiffusion coefficients

A procedure for the analysis of an isothermal, multicomponent, solid-solid diffusion couple is presented for the direct determination of interdiffusion fluxes of all components over the entire diffusion zone and for the evaluation of main and cross interdiffusion coefficients over regions selected in the diffusion zone. The average effective interdiffusion coefficients for the individual components are also determined over the selected compositional ranges. A user-friendly computer program called MultiDiFlux has been developed to carry out all of the analysis and calculations. With the aid of this program, selected diffusion couples in the ternary Cu-Ni-Zn system were analyzed for interdiffusion fluxes and ternary interdiffusion coefficients, and were assessed for up-hill diffusion, zero-flux plane development, and diffusional interactions among components. The interdiffusion coefficients determined over various regions of the diffusion zone are used by the program to regenerate the concentration profiles of the couple.
Effect of intravascular‐to‐extravascular water exchange on the determination of blood‐to‐tissue transfer constant by magnetic resonance imaging

Water exchange across capillary walls couples intra- and extravascular (IV-EV) protons and their magnetization. A bolus i.v. injection of an extracellular MRI contrast agent (MRCA) causes a large increase in the spin-lattice relaxation rate, R1, of water protons in the plasma and blood cells within the capillaries and changes the effective relaxation rate R1eff in tissue via IV-EV water exchange. An analysis of the effect of plasma-red cell and IV-EV water exchange on the MRI-measured influx and permeability of capillaries to the MRCA is presented and focused on the brain and the blood-brain barrier. The effect of arrival of a bolus of an MRCA in the capillary on the relaxation rate R1eff in tissue via IV-EV water exchange occurs more rapidly than the MRCA uptake in tissue and can dominate the initial time curve of the R1eff change before the MRCA uptake in tissue becomes significant. This raises the possibility that (tissue dependent) IV-EV rate of exchange of water molecules can affect estimates of MRCA transfer constant. We demonstrate that an approach that considers IV-EV water exchange and uses the theoretical model of blood-brain tracer distribution developed by Patlak et al. (J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1983;3:1-7) can lead to an accurate estimate of the MRI-determined influx rate constant of the MRCA and to an underestimation of the tissue blood volume.
Aquaculture: the price of lice.

Wild salmon stocks in Canadian coastal waters are being severely affected by parasites from fish farms. So intense are these infestations that some populations of salmon are at risk of extinction.
Effect of Observation Time on Mean Temperature Estimation

Abstract The increased interest and application of heating degree days (HDD) and growing degree days (GDD) prompted this study into the effect of different observation times upon the mean daily temperature. The study was based upon three years of hourly air temperatures measured at St. Paul. These data were used to calculate 1) a true daily mean, 2) a mean of the maximum and minimum between successive midnights as observed at first order stations, and 3) a mean of the maximum and minimum observed at all other hours of the day to simulate cooperative station means. Comparisons of the annual and monthly mean temperatures showed deviations can be of such magnitude as to discourage comparison of station temperatures and temperature-derived quantities such as HDD and GDD unless observation times are the same or corrections are applied.
Rehabilitation in the New World Order: Will Our Differences Be Our Demise

Abstract Ulicny GR. Rehabilitation in the new world order: will our differences be our demise. This ACRM Presidential Address contends that the field of rehabilitation may be ill prepared for impending health care changes. The article describes the basic tenets of the Affordable Care Act and its implications for rehabilitation. Finally, it makes suggestions and recommendations for how the field will need to change to adapt to this new world order.
Extraction replication studies of near-surface microstructures in laser-drilled samples of the powder metallurgy Ni-based superalloy IN100

Abstract Hybrid extraction replication has been used to prepare TEM samples from laser-drilled coupons of the Ni-based superalloy IN100. In addition to extracting the inert carbide and boride particles, these carbon replicas reveal the microstructure of the surrounding metallic phases allowing the particle distribution to be studied. It is shown that the IN100 base metal contains large (> 100 nm) MC, M 23 C 6 and M 3 B 2 particles, consistent with previous TEM studies on this alloy. In the recast layers on the interior surfaces of the laser-drilled holes, however, dendritic micro-segregation in the supersaturated γ phase gives a cellular sub-structure, and the inert particles observed are nano-scale Ti-rich MC-type carbides at the cell boundaries. The replicas also reveal that the base metal/recast interface is abrupt. These observations illustrate the power of the hybrid replication technique for revealing variations in nano-scale features over much larger length scales (≫ 10 μm).
Third generation computer tutors: learn from or ignore human tutors?

Current "second generation or "intelligent" computer tutors are approximately one-half as effective as human tutors. How will we develop the next generation of computer tutors that approaches human tutor effectiveness? Does success lie in understanding and emulating the performance of human tutors? If so, should we focus on natural language dialog or human tutor pedagogy? Alternatively, does computer technology afford effective instructional interventions, unavailable to human tutors? Can we modify learning activities and monitor student problem solving in ways that human tutors cannot.
OMVPE Growth of ZnSe Utilizing Zinc Amides as Source Compounds: Relevance to the Production of p-Type Material

Growth of ZnSe on GaAs from H2S9 and Zn[N(TMS)2]2 precursors has been demonstrated. When Et2Zn is used as the zinc precursor a higher quality deposit is obtained. Results of experiments employing Et2Zn as the main zinc source with Zn[N(TMS)2]2 introduced at a dopant level indicate nitrogen has been incorporated. Final thin films were characterized by PL, XRD, SIMS, and Raman.
Group B Streptococcal Hyaluronidase Does Not Increase Systemic Bacterial Invasion in a Neonatal Rat Pup Model

Group B Streptococcal Hyaluronidase Does Not Increase Systemic Bacterial Invasion in a Neonatal Rat Pup Model
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: monoclonal antibodies plus complement for ex vivo marrow treatment.

Purpose Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who fail to achieve a complete remission or who relapse are rarely cured with conventional therapies. For this group of patients, intensive therapy and bone marrow rescue may be curative. Our goal was to assess the effects of autologous transplantation in patients with B-cell lymphomas and a poor prognosis. To avoid occult or overt contamination with lymphoma, monoclonal antibodies BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3 were used for ex vivo marrow treatment. Patients and methods Seventeen patients underwent intensive therapy and autologous bone marrow transplant using the forementioned marrow. Ten of the 17 patients (Group I) had disease that was in complete or partial remission. The other seven patients either had disease that was not responsive to treatment or had bone marrow transplant as their initial therapy at relapse. Results The ex vivo treatment did not adversely affect engraftment. For those patients who could be evaluated, the median time to white cell engraftment was 24 days; the median durations of red cell and platelet support were 24 and 29 days, respectively. Eleven of the 17 patients had complete remissions at the evaluation 28 days after transplant. Three patients subsequently experienced a relapse, three died while their disease was in complete remission, and five are alive and disease-free 405 to 1,674 days after transplant. Group I patients had an estimated 40 percent disease-free survival rate at three years compared with 0 percent for Group II patients (p Conclusion Our data support autologous bone marrow transplantation as an important treatment modality for the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. With the current preparative regimens available, however, its use should be limited to patients with disease that is still responding to conventional therapies.
Effects of Temperature on Trichloroethylene Desorption from Silica Gel and Natural Sediments. 1. Isotherms

Isothermal desorption rates were measured at 15, 30, and 60 °C for trichloroethylene (TCE) on a silica gel, an aquifer sediment, a soil, a sand fraction, and a clay and silt fraction, all at 100% relative humidity. Temperature-stepped desorption (TSD) rates were measured for these solids in columns prepared and equilibrated at 30 °C, but heated instantaneously to 60 °C after ∼1000 min of slow desorption. Fast and slow elution rates are observed for all solids. Modeling results for the fast eluting fraction of TCE show that fast desorption is controlled by diffusion through aqueous filled mesopores. Rates predicted from diffusion and surface-barrier models are compared to slow isothermal and TSD rates. Diffusion model fits are superior to surface-barrier model fits in all cases. Slow diffusion coef ficients and a high activation energy calculated from silica gel data (∼34 kJ/mol) indicate that slow desorption is controlled by activated diffusion in micropores. Initial amounts of slow desorbing TCE do not a...
Are Childbearing Motivations Getting in the Way of STI Prevention in Young Women

Purpose: Urban communities with high sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevalence often have disparities in unplanned pregnancies among young women. Research using single measures of pregnancy desire and/or intention has not yielded guidance on dual prevention strategies. Exploring childbearing motivation (CBM), the first step in the psychological sequence to childbearing behavior, may enable us to better understand reproductive decisions. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between CBM and use of hormonal contraception, condoms, and dual contraception.
PATHOLOGICAL INTERNET COMMUNITIES: A NEW DIRECTION FOR SEXUAL DEVIANCE RESEARCH IN A POST MODERN ERA

This article explores the impact of the Internet and related technologies on the nature of deviant behavior, deviant communities, and the future of deviance research. The idea that pathological communities, once largely suppressed by time, space, and societal restraints, can now create and use virtual communities is focal. Those new communities may expand their numbers and/or pathology, while reinforcing their rationales for rule violations. Investigation of these new virtual communities is especially complex for both conceptual and methodological reasons: identity is hard to ascertain in cyber-settings; nationality, ethnicity and other background traits and standard (e.g., random) sampling methods are not feasible. Nonetheless, the impact of communications technology on the creation and expansion of pathologically deviant communities requires exploration to determine whether, for example, immersion and social support lead to satiation-catharsis, more aggressive real-time behavior, and/or increases in the...
From Nationality to Peoplehood: Adaptation and Identity Formation in the Israeli Diaspora

Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe have been the paradigmatic case of successful assimilators in many Western countries. They have actively identified with the nationality and culture in points of...
Mao and Marx in the Scholastic Tradition

It is quite understandable why pronouncements from Beijing [Peking] should proclaim Mao Ze-dong to have been the true disciple of Marx, and "Mao Ze-dong Thought" the highest stage in the development of Marxism-Leninism. Less understandable is why academics in Baltimore and Ann Arbor feel the politicoideological need to contribute to the celebration through purely scholastic exercises wholly divorced from Chinese social reality. Whatever the explanation for this peculiar American academic phenomenon-and I have no interest in attempting to explain any of the many peculiarities in American academic life-it must be noted that Pfeffer and Walder have chosen to ignore the major historical point made in the writings they attack. And that point is not that Mao was a 'heretic" or an "infidel" who violated timeless truths and orthodoxies. In attempting to explore the relationship between Maoism and the Marxist-Leninist tradition, however inadequately, nowhere have I suggested that Mao "sinned" against some sacred body of canonical texts. The point is precisely the opposite. And that, briefly put, is that revolutionaries who adhered to orthodox Marxist-Leninist teachings proved politically irrevelant in the modern Chinese historical environment, whereas it was precisely Mao's departures from
Long form of latent TGF-β binding protein 1 (Ltbp1L) regulates cardiac valve development.

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is crucial for valve development and homeostasis. The long form of Latent TGF-β binding protein 1 (LTBP1L) covalently binds all TGF-β isoforms and regulates their bioavailability. Ltbp1L expression analysis during valvulogenesis revealed two patterns of Ltbp1L production: an early one (E9.5–11.5) associated with endothelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT); and a late one (E12.5 to birth) contemporaneous with valve remodeling. Similarly, histological analysis of Ltbp1L−/− developing valves identified two different pathologies: generation of hypoplastic endocardial cushions in early valvulogenesis, followed by development of hyperplastic valves in late valvulogenesis. Ltbp1L promotes valve EMT, as Ltbp1L absence yields hypoplastic endocardial cushions in vivo and attenuated EMT in vitro. Ltbp1L−/− valve hyperplasia in late valvuogenesis represents a consequence of prolonged EMT. We demonstrate that Ltbp1L is a major regulator of Tgf-β activity during valvulogenesis since its absence results in a perturbed Tgf-β pathway that causes all Ltbp1L−/− valvular defects. Developmental Dynamics, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT BAR AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO THE STUDY OF TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF REITER'S TREPONEME

Cannefax, George R. (Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.). A temperature-gradient bar and its applications to the study of temperature effects on the growth of Reiter's treponeme. J. Bacteriol. 83:708-710. 1962.-A temperature-gradient device is described which employs a constant heat source and an aluminum bar with 294 holes to accommodate small test tubes. Examples of the range and degree of temperature gradients are presented, and the factors affecting heat conduction and heat losses are discussed. Three temperature gradients obtained under different conditions are shown graphically. The usefulness of the temperature-gradient bar in determining the optimal temperature for the cultivation of Reiter's treponeme is presented. The optimal temperature range was found to be 33 to 35 C. The potential usefulness of the temperature-gradient bar in other biological studies is suggested.
Concepts of Sustainability, Motivations for Pest Management Approaches, and Implications for Communicating Change

Abstract Impact and relevance are valued by both plant pathologists and the supporters of research and extension. Impact has been characterized as the “So what?” of research results, and in applied...
Using natural language processing to improve eRulemaking: project highlight

This paper describes in brief Cornell's interdisciplinary eRulemaking project that was recently funded (December, 2005) by the National Science Foundation.
NETp1-13: Studies in Downlink Spectral Efficiency of OFDMA Networks with MIMO and Opportunistic Scheduling

In this paper we study the downlink spectral efficiency of a wireless network using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna systems and opportunistic scheduling (OS) techniques. The main purpose of the study is to understand how these techniques interact and influence the spectral efficiency of the network for different antenna configurations and scheduling policies given the coherence bandwidth of the channel and mobile speed. We will use the point-to-point link Shannon outage capacity as the underlying metric for evaluating the overall throughput of the network. The results illustrate the relationships between the different techniques.
Childhood trauma and obsessive‐compulsive symptoms

Childhood trauma is known to predispose to a variety of psychiatric disorders, including mood, anxiety, eating, and personality disorders. However, the relationship between childhood trauma and obsessive-compulsive symptoms has not been well studied. This study examines the relationship between childhood trauma, personality facets, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 938 college students using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Leyton Obsessional Inventory, and the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Between 13 and 30% of subjects met criteria for childhood trauma, with emotional neglect the most commonly reported experience. There was a small but significant association between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and childhood trauma, specifically emotional abuse and physical neglect, all of which was accounted for by co-occurring anxiety symptoms. An independent association was also seen between emotional abuse, physical abuse, and high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms ("probable obsessive-compulsive disorder"), which remained significant in the context of co-occurring anxiety symptoms. A similar association was seen between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and conscientiousness, and between emotional neglect and sexual abuse and conscientiousness, suggesting that an indirect role for childhood trauma in the development of obsessive-compulsive symptoms may also exist.
Exploring therapeutic alliance in brief inpatient psychotherapy: a preliminary study.

Background Therapeutic alliance is one of the most widely investigated variables in psychotherapy research but few studies have explored its role in inpatient psychotherapy. Many factors likely contribute to the lack of inpatient alliance research including the short length of hospital stays, complexity of patient psychopathology and the burdensome quality of most alliance scales. This paper reports on the development and initial application of two comparable brief scales designed to capture patient and therapist alliance ratings. Method Participants were 20 patients receiving supportive-expressive inpatient psychotherapy. The patients were predominantly depressed women. Baseline measures of distress, symptom severity and functioning were obtained at the first and third sessions. Measures of alliance were obtained at the second session. Results The brief alliance scales demonstrated adequate internal consistency and the individual items had good adjusted item-to-scale correlations. Consistent with the broad alliance literature, we found that patients rated alliance higher than therapists, patient and therapist alliance ratings were not significantly correlated, and level of functioning was significantly associated with both patients and therapists' alliance ratings. The perceived depth of psychotherapy was also significantly associated with alliance. Unexpectedly, alliance ratings were also negatively associated with improvement during hospitalization. Conclusions Overall, the study demonstrates both the feasibility and potential benefit of conducting inpatient psychotherapy research.
FuSnap: Fuzzy Control of Logical Volume Snapshot Replication for Disk Arrays

This paper presents FuSnap, a fuzzy-logic-based controller that monitors and controls the snapshot process of a logical storage volume in a disk array. As disks do not linearly respond to the arrival rate of user accesses, FuSnap makes use of fuzzy logic as the means to achieve better control of their response time. The goal of the FuSnap controller is to reduce the response time caused by the copy-on-writes (CoWs) that occur during the snapping of a storage logical volume. The FuSnap controller, based on the response time of user accesses, makes the decision on whether to proceed with a CoW or a redirect-on-write when a source logical volume is being copied to a snapshot logical volume. The benefits of FuSnap approach are twofold. First, significant reductions in response time of user requests are obtained with the FuSnap approach over the traditional CoW snap approach. Second, these reductions in response time make the point-in-time copy of data a process less disruptive for database users. FuSnap was verified with two setups using Hewlett-Packard UniX workstations, one setup with eight and the other with 32 disks.
Atlas of Genitourinary Oncological Imaging

A.M. Bach and J. Zhang, Eds. New York, NY: Springer, 2013, 343 pages, $189 Most renal tumors arise from the renal parenchyma, with a much smaller number arising from the urothelium of the renal pelvis or the mesenchyma. Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignant disease, and
A flexible multivariable experimental air tank system for process control education

This paper presents an industrially relevant multivariable experimental air pressure tank system which has been developed at the University of South Carolina for process control education. Inspired by experimental systems for liquid level modeling and control of a four-tank system, this pressure control apparatus is quite flexible. It offers a wide variety of uses for both educational and research purposes, and it does so at moderate expense. As opposed to liquid level systems, pressure differences in the system drive the flow, removing limitations in system flexibility associated with gravity driven liquid systems. The four tank system can be configured to exhibit a multivariable right-half plane zero, demonstrating advanced concepts of input directionality and control limitations. A detailed description of the system and a model based on fundamental principles is provided. The current system allows for a computer interface to both MATLAB/Simulink and LabView.