cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human adult-onset lactase decline: an update

Human adult-onset lactase decline is a biologic feature characteristic of the maturing intestine in the majority of the world's population. The digestion and absorption of lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and also the main substrate for lactase, is often variable, a consequence of lactase levels, gastric emptying rate, and colonic salvage. Although commercially available “lactase” products alleviate symptoms in many lactose-intolerant people, a greater understanding of this variability in lactose tolerance could lead to interventions that reduce the rate of gastric emptying and/or increase the proliferation of lactose-metabolizing bacteria in the colon, leading to more efficient lactose utilization. Adult-onset lactase decline appears to be a risk factor for developing osteoporosis, owing to avoidance of dairy products or interference of undigested lactose with calcium absorption. Elderly with both adult-onset lactase decline and atrophic gastritis or those undergoing anti-ulcer treatment may have an increased risk of low calcium absorption owing to the lack of gastric acid that facilitates calcium uptake. Thus, lactose-intolerant elders should monitor their calcium nutrition status carefully.
Mechanism of Arsenic Sorption by Hydrated Lime

Arsenic, along with mercury and selenium, represents one of the trace metallic emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants that exhibit a tendency to remain in the gas phase. In this study, the effectiveness of some commonly used mineral sorbents is tested for the removal of arsenic from flue gas. Investigations are conducted with hydrated lime sorbent to identify the mechanism of As/Ca interaction and the chemical state and characteristics of captured species. Arsenic oxide (As2O3) is used as the representative arsenic species, and investigations are conducted in a differential fixed bed reactor at medium (400−600 °C) and high (1000−800 °C) temperature conditions. Comparison of Ca(OH)2 with three other mineral sorbents (kaolinite, alumina, and silica) reveals that calcium hydroxide is the most effective in capturing arsenic. The capture mechanism of Ca(OH)2 does not involve a simple physical adsorption but proceeds by means of an irreversible chemical reaction leading to a solid product. X-ray diffract...
Alternative access techniques with thoracic endovascular aortic repair, open iliac conduit versus endoconduit technique

Background Iliac artery endoconduits (ECs) have emerged as important alternatives to retroperitoneal open iliac conduits (ROICs) to aid in transfemoral delivery for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). We present, to our knowledge, the first comparative analysis between these alternative approaches. Methods All patients undergoing TEVAR with either ROIC (n = 23) or internal EC (n = 16) were identified. The mean age of the cohort was 72.4 ± 11.5 years (82.1% female). Device delivery was accomplished in 100% of cases. The primary outcome was the presence of iliofemoral complications, which was defined as: (1) the inability to successfully deliver the device into the aorta via the ROIC or EC approach; (2) rupture, dissection, or thrombosis of the ipsilateral iliac or femoral artery; and/or (3) retroperitoneal hematoma requiring exploration and evacuation. Secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and rates of limb loss, claudication, or revascularization. Results At a median follow-up of 10.1 months, the incidence of iliofemoral complications was less for the EC approach compared with the ROIC technique (12.5% vs 26.1%; P = .301). No patients sustained limb loss. Revascularization was performed in two patients after ROIC. Lower extremity claudication occurred in one patient after EC. Early mortality was seen in one patient who underwent EC. Two-year Kaplan-Meier survival for the entire cohort was 74.4%, and did not differ between groups (ROIC, 78.3% vs EC, 68.8%; P = .350). Two-year Kaplan-Meier freedom from limb loss, claudication, or revascularization did not differ between the two approaches (ROIC, 91.3% vs EC, 93.8%; P = .961). Conclusions Results of this early comparative evaluation of alternative access routes for TEVAR suggest that an EC approach is safe, effective, and associated with low rates of early mortality and late iliofemoral complications. In selected patients, the EC may be considered an appropriate delivery route for transfemoral TEVAR.
Gaze fixations predict brain activation during the voluntary regulation of picture-induced negative affect

Recent studies have identified a distributed network of brain regions thought to support cognitive reappraisal processes underlying emotion regulation in response to affective images, including parieto-temporal regions and lateral/medial regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC). A number of these commonly activated regions are also known to underlie visuospatial attention and oculomotor control, which raises the possibility that people use attentional redeployment rather than, or in addition to, reappraisal as a strategy to regulate emotion. We predicted that a significant portion of the observed variance in brain activation during emotion regulation tasks would be associated with differences in how participants visually scan the images while regulating their emotions. We recorded brain activation using fMRI and quantified patterns of gaze fixation while participants increased or decreased their affective response to a set of affective images. fMRI results replicated previous findings on emotion regulation with regulation differences reflected in regions of PFC and the amygdala. In addition, our gaze fixation data revealed that when regulating, individuals changed their gaze patterns relative to a control condition. Furthermore, this variation in gaze fixation accounted for substantial amounts of variance in brain activation. These data point to the importance of controlling for gaze fixation in studies of emotion regulation that use visual stimuli.
EMPOWER: a scalable framework for network emulation

The development and implementation of new network protocols and applications need accurate, scalable, reconfigurable, and inexpensive tools for debugging, testing, performance tuning and evaluation purposes. Network emulation provides a fully controllable laboratory network environment in which protocols and applications can be evaluated against predefined network conditions and traffic dynamics. In this paper, we present a new framework of network emulation EMPOWER. EMPOWER is capable of generating a decent network model based on the information of an emulated network, and then mapping the model to an emulation configuration in the EMPOWER laboratory network environment. It is highly scalable not only because the number of emulator nodes may be increased without significantly increasing the emulation time or worrying about parallel simulation, but also because the network mapping scheme allows flexible ports aggregation and derivation. By dynamically configuring a virtual device, effects such as link bandwidth, packet delay, packet loss rate, and out-of-order delivery, can be emulated.
Work in Progress - Engineering the Facilitative Leader

The Industrial Engineering program's Industrial Advisory Committee strongly advised the engineering program to work on developing leadership, and in particular, facilitation skills in the engineering graduates. Through the Leadership and Facilitation course designed for the Milwaukee School of Engineering Industrial Engineering program students not only learn, but also practice facilitation skills. Facilitation skills are essential for all engineers and are of particular importance as the engineer gains responsibility for multiple projects with increased levels of importance. The emphasis of the course is to teach students how to facilitate change within an organization, from brainstorming to implementing change, as well as dealing with those unwilling to embrace change, how the technical skills and abilities of engineers can be used to develop and enhance a facilitation. The course is new to the curriculum therefore evidence of improved leadership skills is not yet evident; however the student feedback has been positive.
Carbohydrate Metabolic Studies After Six Cycles of Combined Type Oral Contraceptive Tablets: Measurement of Plasma Insulin and Blood Glucose Levels

Thirty-two normal subjects were studied before and at the end of six cycles of treatment with a combined type of oral contraceptive. The tests involved measurement of blood glucose and plasma insulin levels during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. It was found that the mean blood glucose values were not different in the two groups. There was elevation in the plasma insulin levels in the drug treated group, but the degree of elevation could not be correlated with either familial history of diabetes mellitus or subject9s weight change while taking the drug.
Bradypus variegatus (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)

Abstract Bradypus variegatus Schinz, 1825 (the brown-throated three-toed sloth), is 1 of 4 extant three-toed sloths. A high-canopy folivore, B. variegatus is distributed over southern Central America and northern and central South America and is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources because of its wide distribution. Males have a middorsal speculum. B. variegatus has a commensal relationship with the algae and invertebrates that live in its thick pelage. It does not adapt well to zoo settings.
Maternal hypoxia alters matrix metalloproteinase expression patterns and causes cardiac remodeling in fetal and neonatal rats.

Fetal hypoxia leads to progressive cardiac remodeling in rat offspring. The present study tested the hypothesis that maternal hypoxia results in reprogramming of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression patterns and fibrillar collagen matrix in the developing heart. Pregnant rats were treated with normoxia or hypoxia (10.5% O2) from day 15 to 21 of gestation. Hearts were isolated from 21-day fetuses (E21) and postnatal day 7 pups (PD7). Maternal hypoxia caused a decrease in the body weight of both E21 and PD7. The heart-to-body weight ratio was increased in E21 but not in PD7. Left ventricular myocardium wall thickness and cardiomyocyte proliferation were significantly decreased in both fetal and neonatal hearts. Hypoxia had no effect on fibrillar collagen content in the fetal heart, but significantly increased the collagen content in the neonatal heart. Western blotting revealed that maternal hypoxia significantly increased collagen I, but not collagen III, levels in the neonatal heart. Maternal hypoxia decreased MMP-1 but increased MMP-13 and membrane type (MT)1-MMP in the fetal heart. In the neonatal heart, MMP-1 and MMP-13 were significantly increased. Active MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and activities were not altered in either fetal or neonatal hearts. Hypoxia significantly increased tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 and TIMP-4 in both fetal and neonatal hearts. In contrast, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were not affected. The results demonstrate that in utero hypoxia reprograms the expression patterns of MMPs and TIMPs and causes cardiac tissue remodeling with the increased collagen deposition in the developing heart.
Blood Clot Formation under Flow: The Importance of Factor XI Depends Strongly on Platelet Count

A previously validated mathematical model of intravascular platelet deposition and tissue factor (TF)-initiated coagulation under flow is extended and used to assess the influence on thrombin production of the activation of factor XI (fXI) by thrombin and of the activation of factor IX (fIX) by fXIa. It is found that the importance of the thrombin-fXIa-fIXa feedback loop to robust thrombin production depends on the concentration of platelets in the blood near the injury. At a near-wall platelet concentration of ∼250,000/μL, typical in vessels in which the shear rate is <200 s−1, thrombin activation of fXI makes a significant difference only at low densities of exposed TF. If the near-wall platelet concentration is significantly higher than this, either because of a higher systemic platelet count or because of the redistribution of platelets toward the vessel walls at high shear rates, then thrombin activation of fXI makes a major difference even for relatively high densities of exposed TF. The model predicts that the effect of a severe fXI deficiency depends on the platelet count, and that fXI becomes more important at high platelet counts.
Establishing an Interdisciplinary Oncology Team

In recent decades, cancer treatment has evolved from a purely surgical approach to the complex coordination of sophisticated surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The technology associated with pain and nutrition management has improved, and the importance of psychosocial factors in the treatment of cancer patients has been recognized. The knowledge base pertaining to cancer treatment has become so vast that many physicians have developed subspecialty expertise in a focused aspect of cancer care. Quality of care analyses have indicated that the improved outcomes of certain cancer treatments occur when they are provided at high-volume facilities.
Nd: YAG laser–welded canine arteriovenous anastomoses

This preliminary report describes formation of femoral arterio-venous fistulas (n = 10) in six dogs using a 1.32-microns wavelength Nd:YAG laser welding technique. Stay sutures (6-0 polypropylene) were placed at 5-7 mm intervals along the anastomoses for vessel apposition. Delivery of laser energy through a 400-microns diameter fiber optic was controlled by a new computer-based software system. At 3 mm distance above the anastomosis, energy fluences of 110-260 J/mm2/cm length of anastomosis were used for laser welding. One or two additional hemostatic sutures were required in seven of the ten anastomoses. Flow was maintained for 1-2 hours prior to tissue harvesting. No thrombosis or delayed anastomotic failures were observed after initial welding and repair. Histologic examination revealed good apposition and adherence between wall layers and a fibrinous coagulum at the intimal junctions. Mild thermal injury of the wall was present at some anastomoses. This early investigation suggests that a 1.32 microns Nd:YAG laser welding technique can successfully create large vessel arteriovenous fistulas in the canine.
Female Victim Perceptions of the Causes of Male Spouse Abuse

Victims of spouse abuse were interviewed concerning their views of why their husbands were abusive. It was hypothesized that by concentrating on one specific characteristic of this kind previously undocumented patterns of response would be elicited from the subjects. It was concluded that the women's reasons for the violence perpetrated by their spouses serve as justification for the abusers’actions and legitimize maintenance of the relationship.
Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Over the past decade, intense research of the function of the 2 distinct bundles, the anteromedial and posterolateral, of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has led to pronounced changes in the technical concepts of ACL reconstruction. Recently, the renewed focus of ACL reconstruction has been to restore the anatomy of the ACL to its native dimensions, collagen orientation, and insertion sites. The goal of ACL reconstruction is to restore normal knee kinematics, to enable patients to return to their preinjury level of activity, and to prevent further degenerative changes of the articular knee cartilage. Anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction has recently gained popularity as a concept that can be used to achieve these goals. This article provides an overview of the anatomy and function of the ACL. Furthermore, we highlight individual anatomic considerations as they pertain to ACL reconstruction and describe the technique for anatomical ACL reconstruction.
Basic calcium phosphate crystals stimulate cell proliferation and collagenase message accumulation in cultured adult articular chondrocytes.

Objective. To investigate BCP (basic calcium phosphate) crystal—stimulated mitogenesis and collagenase gene transcription in primary cultures of porcine chondrocytes. Methods. The role of protein kinases in BCP crystal—stimulated DNA synthesis was investigated using thymidine incorporation, kinase inhibitors, and protein kinase C (PKC) assays. Northern blot analysis was used to determine the levels of collagenase c-fos and c-jun message. Results. BCP crystals stimulated chondrocyte proliferation in a PKC-dependent manner. Increased levels of collagenase message were preceded by an increased accumulation of c-fos, but not c-jun. Conclusion. BCP crystals could contribute to the abnormal chondrocyte proliferation and collagenase secretion observed in some rheumatic diseases.
Passive Bending and Twisting Motion during the Flapping Stroke of a Micro Elastic Wing for Thrust Production

This study investigates the relationship between wing structure and the production of aerodynamic forces for flapping flight, by measuring both the wing deformation and loads during flapping. The experimental setup allows data acquisition that correlates lift and thrust generated by an artificial flapper to wing deformation. The mapping between the loads and deformation indicates the performance of flapping wings for disparate structures and materials. Several technical challenges are resolved in this study. For instance, small flapping wings (of three inches span) produce loads and deformations that are difficult to measure. Intensive data analysis is performed to extract useful information from the measurements. A novel flapping mechanism FL2D3 is created to allow actuation frequencies up to 30 Hz. Tests in both air and vacuum are performed to isolate aerodynamic loads from inertial effects. Furthermore, the synchronization of the loads measurement system, the vision-based wing deformation measurement system, and the flapping mechanism is difficult; a virtual instrument is developed with the hardware to realize the experiment.
Bank on Her: The Smart Solution for Financial Inclusion

innovations / volume 10, number 1-2 © 2015 Mary Ellen Iskenderian The World Bank released a startling piece of news this spring in its latest Global Findex database report: since 2011, 700 million people worldwide have acquired bank accounts. In fact, access to bank accounts grew more in the past few years than in the past few decades—a rapid and dramatic change usually unheard of in development circles. The growth in access to vaccines and bed nets that prevent malaria, for instance, does not even come close. Despite these impressive gains, however, the gender gap in financial inclusion persists. While millions more men now have access to formal financial services, millions of women—particularly low-income women—have been left behind. As of 2014, 65 percent of men worldwide had a bank account, compared to 58 percent of women. Although this reflects a significant increase from 2011, when 54 percent of men and 47 percent of women had an account, the gender gap stands at nine percentage points in the developing world and seven points globally.1 The gap is even wider in some regions; it stands at 18 percent in South Asia, and in the Middle East, men are twice as likely as women to have an account. The efforts made by public, private, and philanthropic actors to increase financial inclusion over the past few years have clearly paid off, largely because of a commitment to reaching the unbanked through innovative, user-friendly digital financial services. Now it is time to apply those solutions—both the technological tools and the political and sociocultural strategies—to the specific needs of half of the world’s population that has largely been left out: women. There is every reason to believe that, if key players turn their attention to closing this gender gap, the results will be no less impressive than other efforts to increase financial inclusion. Why is raising the bar on financial inclusion worth the effort? Expanding financial inclusion has a profound impact on overall economic growth and community development. At the macro level, expanding financial inclusion increases GDP growth and results in greater labor force participation; at the micro level, it leads to a significant increase in financial capability and in the social stability of families and individuals. Governments and global development organizations have heightened their focus on
Layered scalable WAVE security for VANET

We are proposing a layered and scalable WAVE (Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments) security structure for VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) network. The scalability and variable message delivery are provided by using both asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithm. The whole region is divided into different security domains and the security related load of each domain is distributed evenly. At the top Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) generates keys and store information of Master and Edge RSU (MRSU/ERSU), which in turn store the keys and information of RSU. MRSU/ERSU also provide the pseudonym seeds and store information of vehicles. RSU is used only as access point for contacting transportation authority or access internet. High priority emergency message delivery is expedited by using symmetric key cryptography. Besides, the simulation comparison shows that our scheme also provide significantly improved network throughput without compromising security goals.
The Development of an Innovative Music Therapy Treatment Method: Trial Competency Through Music

Competence to stand trial is necessary for a defendant in criminal adjudication. Recent estimates indicate that between 50,000 and 60,000 defendants in the United States raise the question of competence each year, with approximately 20 percent found incompetent to stand trial (IST). Most of these defendants are committed to an inpatient facility for competence restoration. Although psychopharmacological intervention is a critical component of restoration, as most defendants are found incompetent because of a psychotic disorder, many other modalities of treatment are used. Traditional treatment methods include the use of standardized testing and psychoeducational group sessions. This article discusses the development of an innovative intervention using music therapy. Music as the catalyst provides a forum in which psychiatric patients are engaged and observed within a structured environment designed to address both their factual and rational knowledge and abilities to assist their attorneys in their defense. Trial competency training through a specific music therapy method called Competency Through Music (CTM) is presented, including examples of how music can be used to educate patients and assess trial competence.
Temperature insensitivity of the flow stress in body-centered cubic micropillar crystals

Abstract Plasticity of body-centered cubic (bcc) crystals is known to have a strong dependence on temperature, as a direct consequence of the thermally-activated process of kink pair nucleation and migration with a high energy (Peierls) barrier. Here we demonstrate that, in the sub-micron size scale, such strong temperature dependence of the flow stress must disappear. We explore the flow stress and hardening behavior of micro-pillar sizes in the range 200–2000 nm at temperatures of 150–900 K. Discrete Dislocation Dynamics (DDD) simulations reveal that the weak temperature sensitivity can be rationalized in terms of the weak role of screw dislocations in controlling plasticity; unique to small crystals of finite size. It is shown that finite, sub-micron samples have limited ability to store screw dislocations. The necessity of applying high stress in sub-micron crystals is demonstrated to greatly enhance the mobility of screw dislocations, rendering it close to that of edge dislocations. This leads to a transition of the dislocation mobility mechanism from being thermal-activated kink dominated to being phonon-drag dominated. Thus, the flow stress gradually becomes not governed by the mobility of screw dislocations (as determined by the critical resolved shear stress), giving rise to the weak temperature sensitivity of the flow stress. A dislocation mechanism map in the temperature-size space is proposed to further illustrate this phenomenon in tungsten micropillars.
Initiation of a formalized precision medicine program in gynecologic oncology

Abstract Objective In an effort to better incorporate precision medicine into clinical practice, we initiated a pilot project to screen, discuss, and genetically characterize patients with metastatic or recurrent gynecologic malignancies for whom no curative standard of care exists. Methods In 7/2014, we initiated a multi-disciplinary Precision Medicine Board (PMB) whose purpose was to apply molecular profiling to select and prioritize early phase clinical trial enrollment for high-risk gynecologic malignancies. Additional objectives were to record outcomes and enable scientific discussions of mutations which may foster local translational research. FoundationOne was the preferred genomic platform; results were reviewed by a team comprised of disease site specialists, phase I trialists, and basic and translational scientists affiliated with the Gynecologic Cancer Program. A detailed database for each patient was created and is followed prospectively for treatment use and resultant outcomes. Results To date, we have presented 62 cases with interpretable FoundationOne testing on 60 tumor samples (31 ovarian, 18 uterine, 9 cervical, and 4 other female genital tract). Significant genomic alterations were commonly found in all tumor types (median: 3); TP53 (45%) and PIK3CA (27%) were the most frequently noted mutations; however, molecular profiling resulted in identification of few actionable mutations (6%). To date, we have matched 4 patients on therapies based on actionable mutations. Conclusions The predominant function of our PMB is establishment of a forum to enhance research while providing clinical care for refractory malignancies. We have matched patients with specific mutations to ongoing trials and are developing investigator-initiated studies based on trends within genomic profiling results. Longer-term follow up will be required to determine the success of this strategy.
Effects of Fractionated Dose of Gamma Irradiation on Fecundity, Mortality, and longevity of the lesser Grain Borer

Protection of foodgrains from insect attack is a problem that concerns all nations. Of numerous methods employed to control insect pests of grain, chemical treatment has been the most successful. Recently, use of ionizing radiation in protection of stored grains from insect attack seems to have shown promising results, Sterilization and direct killing of the population by ionizing radiation are the techniques that have been used for this purpose. Preliminary work indicated that an exposure of 5000 R prevented fertile egg production in the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), adults. Further, we wanted to determine if 5000 R given in a fractional division would produce any different effect than a single exposure on fertility and survival of the lesser grain borer.
Apical ballooning syndrome precipitated by dobutamine stress testing.

A 52-year-old man with a history of hypertension, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia was referred for a dobutamine stress echocardiogram as part of a pre-renal transplant evaluation. The baseline echocardiogram showed normal systolic function with no wall-motion abnormalities (see videos 1 and 2). At peak dobutamine infusion, he developed severe abdominal pain associated with deep T-wave inversions in leads aVR and V1 and 0.5 mm ST-segment elevations in leads I …
Multi-site near-infrared tomographic imaging of the brain

Time-series analysis techniques are applied to dynamic near-infrared tomographic images of the motor and frontal cortex of the brain, based on optical data simultaneously recorded from two 3 x 5 arrays.
The Generic Names of Meigen 1800 and Their Proper Application (Diptera)

Since the republication of a portion of Meigen‗s “Nouvelle classification des mouches a deux ailes (Diptera L.)” by Hendel (1908), in which he placed in synonymy many of the names proposed by Meigen in 1903, there has been divided opinion as to the names to be used for the genera involved. While many discussions of this problem have been published, it is thought advisable at the beginning of this paper to present a consideration of the arguments that have been offered as justification for the rejection of the names of Meigen 1800.
A novel approach to estimating near‐surface S‐wave velocity and converted‐wave receiver statics

Summary We present a workflow for estimating near-surface S-wave velocity and deri ving long- and short-wavelength receiver statics for converted-wave (PS) data. The estimated S-wave velocity can also be used for depth migration of convertedwave data. The novelty of our method lies in detecting refracted S-wave arrivals present in the data, and using a depth-dependent weighting function to combine the S-wave velocities inverted from Scholte-wave and turning-ray tomography, respectively. We note considerable improvement in the quality of time-migrated convertedwave data after applying the receiver statics solution that was derived using our method.
Influences of the electromagnetic regenerative dampers on the vehicle suspension performance

Conventional vehicle suspensions suppress vehicle vibrations by dissipating the vibration energy into unrecyclable heat with hydraulic dampers. This can be a considerable amount of energy which is worthy of attention for energy recovery. Electromagnetic regenerative dampers, or shock absorbers, are proposed to harvest this dissipated energy and to improve the fuel efficiency. The suspension dynamics with these regenerative dampers can be significantly different from the suspension dynamics with conventional dampers. First, different from conventional hydraulic dampers, the electromagnetic regenerative dampers have a significantly higher inertia, which is introduced by the electromagnetic generator. This has an important impact on the suspension dynamics. Second, the damping coefficient of electromagnetic dampers is related to the electric load connected to the output of the generator and can be controllable. Although various concepts have been proposed, the influences of these types of regenerative damper...
Secularism, Identity, and Enchantment, by Akeel Bilgrami

Akeel Bilgrami, Johnsonian Professor of Philosophy at Colombia University, has written twelve essays in four parts (‘Secularism’, ‘Secular Enchantment’, ‘Identity’, ‘Reflections on Edward Said’) in...
Integrating rules and ontologies in the first-order stable model semantics

We present an approach to integrating rules and ontologies on the basis of the first-order stable model semantics defined by Ferraris, Lee and Lifschitz. We show that a few existing integration proposals can be uniformly related to the first-order stable model semantics.
Diet composition and gains of escape protein-supplemented growing cattle grazing corn residues

Effect of level and method of escape protein (EP) supplementation on weekly steer performance and their diet composition were evaluated in two corn residue grazing trials. In Trial 1, 60 steers (average weight 239 kg) received .8 kg.animal-1.d-1 of a 50% CP supplement to provide one of six levels of EP (60, 88, 116, 144, 172, or 200 g.animal-1.d-1). Steers grazed (2.2 animals/ha) nonirrigated fields (NIF) for 63 d. In Trial 2, 59 steers (average weight 219 kg) grazed either NIF (1.97 animals/ha) or irrigated fields (IF, 3.96 animals/ha) and were supplemented with 60, 95, 130, 165, or 200 g of EP.animal-1.d-1. In a 2 X 5 X 2 factorial arrangement, treatments were IF vs NIF, level of protein, and two supplementation methods: 1) feeding the lowest level of EP (60 g) for 21 d then for the remaining 42 d feeding one of the five EP levels or 2) feeding each EP level continuously. Weekly diet composition was evaluated using four esophageally fistulated steers. In Trial 1, no EP effect (P greater than .05) was found up to 20 d, but EP affected (P less than .05) ADG from d 20 to 34, resulting in 3.35 g of ADG/g of EP. In Trial 2, steers grazing NIF had higher (P less than .01) ADG than those grazing IF (644 vs 414 g/animal). Steer daily gains were increased (P less than .05) by level of EP but were not affected (P greater than .05) by the method of supplementation, indicating that EP supplementation was not needed during the first 21 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molybdenum and tungsten oxide based gas sensors for high temperature detection of environmentally hazardous sulfur species

Abstract There is an increasing desire to control and monitor gas emissions from coal-fired power plants and other industrial systems. With this desire, there is a growing need for distributed gas sensors to monitor these emissions at high temperature ( > 600°C), especially for pollutants such as SO 2 and H 2 S. The objective of this work was to investigate molybdenum and tungsten binary and ternary oxide thick films on a chemiresistive sensor platform for monitoring of gas sulfur species. The work evaluated the SO 2 sensitivity of WO 3 , MoO 3 , SrMoO 4 , NiMoO 4 , Sr 2 MgMoO 6-δ (SMM), Sr 2 MgWO 6-δ (SMW), NiWO 4 , and SrWO 4 compositions at 600–1000°C. The SrMoO 4 composition at both the micro- and nano-particulate scale showed the most promise in sensitivity, stability and selectivity to SO 2 up to 1000°C. Hydrothermally-synthesized nano-SrMoO 4 showed the highest sensor response with the R max values of −17.2, −50.2 and −40.5 upon exposure to a 20 min pulse of 2000 ppm of SO 2 at 600°C, 800°C and 1000°C, respectively. Similar sensitivity trends were distinguished down to 1–5 min SO 2 pulses. The nano-SrMoO 4 showed low cross-selectivity to H 2 and CO. Finally, the nano-SrMoO 4 sensor was also tested with H 2 and coal syngas containing 5–100 ppm H 2 S, where high sensitivities were realized for both, but the sensing mechanism was altered in the latter (n-type to p-type semiconducting behavior). In order to better understand the sensing mechanism, extensive microstructural, electronic and chemical property characterizations were completed in this work.
Effects of Different Montmorillonite Nanoclay Loading on Cure Behavior and Properties of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A Epoxy

The primary focus of this study was to understand the effects of different amounts of montmorillonite nanoclay MMT loading on viscosity, cure behavior, reaction mechanism, and properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A DGEBA epoxy composites. Influence of 1–3 wt.% MMT on rheological and subsequent cure behavior of SC-15 epoxy resin was studied using nonisothermal and isothermal rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry DSC. Rheological properties were influenced by different amounts of MMT at lower shear rates prior to and during curing. Cure reaction mechanism was unaffected by different MMT concentration; however heat and activation energy of reactions increased with increasing MMT loading. Samples with 2 wt.% MMT showed highest reaction rate constant, indicative of catalytic behavior. X-ray diffraction XRD and transmission electron microscope TEM revealed mainly intercalated microstructure throughout the MMT infused epoxy composite samples irrespective of the percent loading.
Nanogel-Conjugated Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors and Their Combinations as Novel Antiviral Agents with Increased Efficacy against HIV-1 Infection

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are an integral part of the current antiretroviral therapy (ART), which dramatically reduced the mortality from AIDS and turned the disease from lethal to chronic. The further steps in curing the HIV-1 infection must include more effective targeting of infected cells and virus sanctuaries inside the body and modification of drugs and treatment schedules to reduce common complications of the long-term treatment and increase patient compliancy. Here, we describe novel NRTI prodrugs synthesized from cholesteryl-e-polylysine (CEPL) nanogels by conjugation with NRTI 5'-succinate derivatives (sNRTI). Biodegradability, small particle size, and high NRTI loading (30% by weight) of these conjugates; extended drug release, which would allow a weekly administration schedule; high therapeutic index (>1000) with a lower toxicity compared to NRTIs; and efficient accumulation in macrophages known as carriers for HIV-1 infection are among the most attractive properties of new nanodrugs. Nanogel conjugates of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), and abacavir (ABC) have been investigated individually and in formulations similar to clinical NRTI cocktails. Nanodrug formulations demonstrated 10-fold suppression of reverse transcriptase activity (EC90) in HIV-infected macrophages at 2-10, 2-4, and 1-2 μM drug levels, respectively, for single nanodrugs and dual and triple nanodrug cocktails. Nanogel conjugate of lamivudine was the most effective single nanodrug (EC90 2 μM). Nanodrugs showed a more favorable pharmacokinetics compared to free NRTIs. Infrequent iv injections of PEGylated CEPL-sAZT alone could efficiently suppress HIV-1 RT activity to background level in humanized mouse (hu-PBL) HIV model.
The Mechanism of Alkane Selective Oxidation by the M1 Phase of Mo–V–Nb–Te Mixed Metal Oxides: Suggestions for Improved Catalysts

We report here first principles predictions (density functional theory with periodic boundary conditions) of the structures, mechanisms, and activation barriers for the catalytic activation and functionalization of propane by the M1 phase of the Mitsubishi-BP America generation of Mo–V–Nb–Te–O mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalysts. Our calculations show that the reduction-coupled oxo activation (ROA) principle, which we reported at Irsee VI to play the critical role for the selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride by vanadium phosphorous oxide, also plays the critical role for the MMO activation of propane, as speculated during Irsee VI. However for MMO, this ROA principle involves Te=O and V rather than P=O and V. The ability of the Te=O bond to activate the propane CH bond depends sensitively upon the number of V atoms that are coupled through a bridging O to the Te=O center. Based on this ROA mechanism, we suggest synthetic procedures aimed at developing a single phase MMO catalyst with dramatically improved selectivity for ammoxidation. We also suggest a modified single phase composition suitable for simultaneous oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane and propane to ethene and propene, respectively, which is becoming more important with the increase in petroleum fracking. Moreover, we also suggest some organometallic molecules that activate alkane CH bonds through the ROA principle.
Evaluation of Practice Trials to Increase Self-Drinking in a Child with a Feeding Disorder

Self-drinking is an important skill for children to acquire as they transition from infancy to early childhood; however, the literature is limited (e.g., Collins, Gast, Wolery, Holcombe, & Leatherby, 1991; Peterson, Volkert, & Zeleny, 2015). We manipulated the consequences associated with self-drinking relative to those associated with being fed along the dimension of response effort. Results demonstrated that self-drinking increased when the child could either choose to self-feed one drink or be fed one drink and 5 practice trials with an empty cup.
Lifecourse Socioeconomic Status and Cancer-Related Risk Factors: Analysis of the WHO study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)

Few studies have examined cancer-related risk factors in relation to SES across the lifecourse in low to middle income countries. This analysis focuses on adult women in India, China, Mexico, Russia and South Africa, and examines the association between individual, parental and lifecourse SES with smoking, alcohol, BMI, nutrition and physical activity. Data on 22,283 women aged 18 years and older were obtained from the 2007 WHO Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (SAGE). Overall, 34% of women had no formal education, 73% had mothers with no formal education and 73% of women had low lifecourse SES. Low SES women were almost four times more likely to exceed alcohol use guidelines (OR: 3.86, 95% CI: 1.23-12.10), and 68% more likely to smoke (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.01-2.80) compared with higher SES. Women with low SES mothers and fathers were more likely to have poor nutrition (Mothers OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.17-2.16; Fathers OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11-1.59) and more likely to smoke (Mothers OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15-1.87; Fathers OR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.80-2.63) compared with those with high SES parents. Women with stable low lifecourse SES were more likely to smoke (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.47-4.43), while those with declining lifecourse SES were more likely to exceed alcohol use guidelines (OR: 3.63, 95% CI: 1.07-12.34). Cancer-related risk factors varied significantly by lifecourse SES, suggesting that cancer prevention strategies will need to be tailored to specific sub-groups in order to be most effective.
Patterns of Buprenorphine-Naloxone Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in a Multistate Population.

Background:Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment for opioid use disorder has rapidly expanded, yet little is known about treatment outcomes among patients in the general population.Objective:To examine predictors of treatment duration, dosage, and continuity in a diverse community setting.Research Design
Rule of Law

This chapter explores the role of the rule of law in a market economy. The emergence of the rule of law is a precondition of not only political and economic liberty, but also economic growth and overall human progress. The presence, or lack thereof, of the rule of law determines whether human interaction will be positive-sum or negative-sum in nature. We explore first the fundamental attributes to the rule of law in relation to property rights and entrepreneurship. Second, we discuss in detail three attributes to the rule of law that generate this productive entrepreneurial process: (1) generality; (2) predictability; and (3) equality.
From ground pools to treeholes: convergent evolution of habitat and phenotype in Aedes mosquitoes

Invasive mosquito species are responsible for millions of vector-borne disease cases annually. The global invasive success of Aedes mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus has relied on the human transport of immature stages in container habitats. However, despite the importance of these mosquitoes and this ecological specialization to their widespread dispersal, evolution of habitat specialization in this group has remained largely unstudied. We use comparative methods to evaluate the evolution of habitat specialization and its potential influence on larval morphology, and evaluate whether container dwelling and invasiveness are monophyletic in Aedes. We show that habitat specialization has evolved repeatedly from ancestral ground pool usage to specialization in container habitats. Furthermore, we find that larval morphological scores are significantly associated with larval habitat when accounting for evolutionary relationships. We find that Ornstein-Uhleinbeck models with unique optima for each larval habitat type are preferred over several other models based predominantly on neutral processes, and that OU models can reliably simulate real morphological data. Our results demonstrate that multiple lineages of Aedes have convergently evolved a key trait associated with invasive success: the use of container habitats for immature stages. Moreover, our results demonstrate convergence in morphological characteristics as well, and suggest a role of adaptation to habitat specialization in driving phenotypic diversity in this mosquito lineage. Finally, our results highlight that the genus Aedes is not monophyletic.
Integration of Social Knowledge by Government: A New Synthetic Model of Integration as Learning and Potential Research Directions:

This article explores the potential of business knowledge management and sociology of knowledge to theorize the integration of social knowledge by government. It understands social knowledge as dis...
Double-Equivocal HER2 Invasive Breast Carcinomas: Institutional Experience and Review of Literature.

Context.— HER2 status is a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in invasive breast carcinomas. Reflex testing using an alternate method is recommended on equivocal cases via immunohistochemistr...
Leiomyoma of the ovary: Report of five cases and review of the literature

Abstract Five cases of leiomyoma of the ovary are presented. The importance of special staining for a definitive diagnosis is stressed. The theories regarding the origin of leiomyoma of the ovary and also the literature have been reviewed.
Disparities in Health Care for Minorities: An Ecological Perspective

Disparities in health and health care for minorities have existed in the United States for decades and result from an interconnected array of factors. Potential sources of disparities relate to institutional-level, patient-level, and provider-level factors. Institutional-level factors that disproportionately affect African American and Hispanic American patients are lack of access to quality healthcare facilities and variations in insurance status. Patient behaviors (such as tobacco use, diet, and exercise patterns) impact risk for many chronic diseases for which there are significant disparities (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension). Provider-level factors such as variations in treatments related to patient characteristics have been well-described. Quality care is based upon matching patients with a patient-centered medical home where the patient is known, the patient can name his/her provider, and first-contact, continuous, compassionate, collaborative, and comprehensive care is available. That care should address physical, behavioral, oral, and preventive health components of the patient’s needs.
Obesity, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance

Obesity is a pressing public health concern as it leads to a collection of abnormalities often termed the metabolic syndrome. Molecular studies are revealing novel pathways by which obesity-associated hormonal, nutrient, and tissue ­factors can stimulate the chronic low-grade inflammation that leads to insulin resistance. Signaling interactions between proinflammatory immune cells, particularly macrophages and lymphocytes, and insulin target cells in the liver and adipose tissue are key to this process and provide potential opportunities for the development of targeted therapies to improve insulin sensitivity and correct energy imbalance.
A Study of Chaptalia (Asteraceae: Mutisieae) in Central, Southern, and Western Texas and the Resurrection of Chaptalia carduacea

Abstract: Recent authors have considered there to be just one species of Chaptalia in central, southern, and western Texas and have called it C. nutans, C. nutans var. texana, or C. texana. Field studies in Travis and Hays counties indicate the existence in that area of two populations with morphological, phenological, and behavioral differences, and revision of herbarium material shows that they correspond to two distinct taxa that occupy different but partially overlapping ranges in Texas and northern Mexico. Evidence is provided in support of their recognition as distinct species that correspond to C. texana and C. carduacea, both described by E. L. Greene. Descriptions of the two species and a revised key for Chaptalia in Texas are provided.