cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fatherhood in the Twenty-First Century

The twentieth century has been characterized by four important social trends that have fundamentally changed the social cultural context in which children develop: womenOs increased labor force participation, increased absence of nonresidential fathers in the lives of their children, increased involvement of fathers in intact families, and increased cultural diversity in the U.S.. In this essay, we discuss how these trends are changing the nature of father involvement and family life, and in turn affecting childrenOs and fathersO developmental trajectories. We end with an eye toward the twenty-Þrst century by examining how the children of today will construct their expectations about the roles of fathers and mothers as they become the parents of tomorrow. This life-span approach to fatherhood considers the broader sociohistorical context in which fatherhood develops, and emphasizes the urgent need to consider mothers, fathers, and family structure in future research as we seek to understand and model the effects of parenting on childrenOs development.
Influence of high levels of dietary fats and cholesterol on atherosclerosis and lipid distribution in swine.

The degree of incorporation of injected 1-C14-acetate into tissue cholesterol on cholesterol free diets was much higher in the liver and plasma of swine ingesting saturated than unsaturated fat. The levels of cholesterol in all tissues increased with the presence of fat or cholesterol in the diet. In most cases, especially in the presence of cholesterol, cholesterol levels were highest in the presence of unsaturated fat. The combination of unsaturated fat with cholesterol in the diet produced the greatest degree of typical atheromatosis and the highest levels of cholesterol in the tissues, while saturated fat with cholesterol produced diffuse atypical lesions.
A practical version of Lee's multicast switch architecture

Several improvements to T.T. Lee's (1988) multicast switch architecture are described. The improvements make Lee's architecture practical, allowing it to achieve maximum network throughput under worst-case conditions and vastly reducing the amount of memory required for the addressing of multicast cells. These improvements allow multicast to be added to a 256-port switch with 150-Mb/s links at a cost of about two additional chips per port. >
Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy and small-for-gestational age in black and white infants.

Abstract Purpose In a prospective prenatal cohort study, we examined associations of second trimester and cord plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with small-for-gestational age (SGA) and the extent to which vitamin D might explain black/white differences in SGA. Methods We studied 1067 white and 236 black mother-infant pairs recruited from eight obstetrical offices early in pregnancy in Massachusetts. We analyzed 25(OH)D levels using an immunoassay and performed multivariable logistic models to estimate the odds of SGA by category of 25(OH)D level. Results Mean (SD) second trimester 25(OH)D level was 60 nmol/L (SD, 21) and was lower for black (46 nmol/L [SD, 22]) than white (62 nmol/L [SD, 20]) women. Fifty-nine infants were SGA (4.5%), and more black than white infants were SGA (8.5% vs. 3.7%). The odds of SGA were higher with maternal 25(OH)D levels less than 25 versus 25 nmol/L or greater (adjusted odds ratio, 3.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–8.63). The increased odds of SGA among black versus white participants decreased from an odds ratio of 2.04(1.04, 4.04) to 1.68(0.82, 3.46) after adjusting for 25(OH)D. Conclusions Second trimester 25(OH)D levels less than 25 nmol/L were associated with higher odds of SGA. Our data raise the possibility that vitamin D status may contribute to racial disparities in SGA.
Lattice Gauge Theory in Four-dimensions: Decoupling Points and a Dual Symmetric Perturbation Theory

For a general compact gauge group, the anisotropic lattice gauge theory is studied where the interaction energies Eμν for the six different elementary plaquettes are independent. By considering the limit Ext → ∞ and Eyz → 0, an exact relation is found between the four-dimensional lattice gauge theories and the corresponding two-dimensional systems. For the Z2 lattice gauge theory, the corresponding system is the two-dimensional Ising model. In this case, a dual symmetric perturbation theory about such special points is constructed with coupling of the two-dimensional subsystems through both order and disorder variables. We discuss the requirements of Lorentz invariance and the implications of having the critical temperatures of the subsystems the same or different.
CXCL5 is required for angiogenesis, but not structural adaptation after small bowel resection

Abstract Purpose Intestinal adaptation is the compensatory response to massive small bowel resection (SBR) and characterized by lengthening of villi and deepening of crypts, resulting in increased mucosal surface area. Previous studies have demonstrated increased villus capillary blood vessel density after SBR, suggesting a role for angiogenesis in the development of resection-induced adaptation. Since we have previously shown enhanced expression of the proangiogenic chemokine CXCL5 after SBR, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of disrupted CXCL5 expression on intestinal adaptation. Methods CXCL5 knockout (KO) and C57BL/6 wild type (WT) mice were subjected to either a 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. Ileal tissue was harvested on postoperative day 7. To assess for adaptation, villus height and crypt depth were measured. Submucosal capillary density was measured by CD31 immunohistochemistry. Results Both CXCL5-KO and WT mice demonstrated normal structural features of adaptation. Submucosal capillary density increased in the WT but not in the KO mice following SBR. Conclusion CXCL5 is required for increased intestinal angiogenesis during resection-induced adaptation. Since adaptive villus growth occurs despite impaired CXCL5 expression and enhanced angiogenesis, this suggests that the growth of new blood vessels is not needed for resection-induced mucosal surface area expansion following massive SBR.
Secretome of Primary Cultures of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells Modulation of Serpins by Adipogenesis

Studies of adipogenic protein induction have led to a new appreciation of the role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Adipocyte-derived "adipokines" such as adiponectin, leptin, and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) exert hormone-like activities at the systemic level. In this study, we examined the secretome of primary cultures of human subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells as an in vitro model of adipogenesis. Conditioned media obtained from four individual female donors after culture in uninduced or adipogenic induced conditions were compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Over 80 individual protein features showing > or =2-fold relative differences were examined. Approximately 50% of the identified proteins have been described previously in the secretome of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or in the interstitial fluid derived from human mammary gland adipose tissue. As reported by others, we found that the secretome included proteins such as actin and lactate dehydrogenase that do not display a leader sequence or transmembrane domain and are classified as "cytoplasmic" in origin. Moreover we detected a number of established adipokines such as adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Of particular interest was the presence of multiple serine protease inhibitors (serpins). In addition to plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, these included pigment epithelium-derived factor (confirmed by Western immunoblot), placental thrombin inhibitor, pregnancy zone protein, and protease C1 inhibitor. These findings, together with the recent identification of vaspin, suggest that the serpin protein family warrants further proteomics investigation with respect to the etiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Effects of low- and high-intensity home-based exercise training on functional capacity in healthy middle-aged men

The effects of 12 weeks of home-based exercise training on peak oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in healthy sedentary middle-aged men, mean age 49 +/- 6 years, were evaluated. Twenty-one men trained at low intensity, 23 trained at high intensity and 20 were control subjects. Individually prescribed low- and high-intensity training was performed 5 times per week within a range of 42 to 60% and 63 to 81% of baseline VO2 max, corresponding to average heart rates of 102 to 122 and 128 to 148 beats/min, respectively. Caloric expenditure per training session approximated 350 kcal in both groups; adherence was at least 90% in both groups. VO2 max increased 8% in patients who trained at low intensity, 17% in those who trained at high intensity (both p less than 0.001), and not at all in control subjects. Low-intensity exercise training at home significantly augments functional capacity in healthy sedentary middle-aged men.
Health law: Cases, materials and problems

Health Law: Cases, Materials and Problems, Furrow, F., Johnson, S., Jost, T., and Schwartz, R. (West Publishing Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, 1987), 1005 pages (142‐page Teachers Manual available), $34.95.
Computational Analysis of Intratool Interactions in Electrochemical Micromachining with Multitip Tool Electrodes

We have investigated the use of complex tool electrodes (templates) in electrochemical machining with ultrashort voltage pulses using a three-dimensional computational model. Through a systematic study of profile evolution varying pulse durations and separations between features, we have quantified the degree to which the performance of these templates is decreased relative to that of a simple tool electrode. We have found both the discrepancies and the separation at which the maxima occur are reduced with decreasing pulse duration. We explain these discrepancies through examining for the first time the effects of intratool electrode interactions on the overpotential and dissolution current at the substrate electrode. These studies have revealed that overpotential is largely additive among the individual components of a tool electrode above a critical separation between components, while the exponential nature of the dissolution current with respect to overpotential leads to increased dissolution when using a complex tool electrode.
Teenage Childbearing Among Youth Born to Teenage Mothers

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this article examined how early maternal characteristics, an adolescent’s family environment, and the adolescent’s own attitudes and behav...
INTEGRATING COALESCENT AND ECOLOGICAL NICHE MODELING IN COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY

Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of population genetic structure is a central goal of phylogeographic research, but achieving this goal can be complicated by the stochastic variance inherent to genetic processes. Statistical approaches to testing phylogeographic hypotheses accommodate this stochasticity by evaluating competing models of putative historical population structure, often by simulating null distributions of the expected variance. The effectiveness of these tests depends on the biological realism of the models. Information from the fossil record can aid in reconstructing the historical distributions of some taxa. However, for the majority of taxa, which lack sufficient fossils, paleodistributional modeling can provide valuable spatial-geographic data concerning ancestral distributions. Paleodistributional models are generated by projecting ecological niche models, which predict the current distribution of each species, onto a model of past climatic conditions. Here, we generate paleodistributional models describing the suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum for lineages from the mesic forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America, and use these models to generate alternative phylogeographic hypotheses. Coalescent simulations are then used to test these hypotheses to improve our understanding of the historical events that promoted the formation of population genetic structure in this ecosystem. Results from Pacific Northwest mesic forest organisms demonstrate the utility of these combined approaches. Paleodistribution models and population genetic structure are congruent across three amphibian lineages, suggesting that they have responded in a concerted manner to environmental change. Two other species, a willow and a water vole, despite being currently codistributed and having similar population genetic structure, were predicted by the paleodistributional model to have had markedly different distributions during the last glacial maximum. This suggests that congruent phylogeographic patterns can arise from incongruent ancestral distributions. Paleodistributional models introduce a much-needed spatial-geographic perspective to statistical phylogeography. In conjunction with coalescent models of population genetic structure, they have the potential to improve our understanding of the factors that promote population divergence and ultimately produce regional patterns of biodiversity.
A method to detect low levels of enteric viruses in contaminated oysters.

Direct isolation and identification of pathogenic viruses from oysters implicated in gastroenteritis outbreaks are hampered by inefficient methods for recovering viruses, naturally occurring PCR inhibitors, and low levels of virus contamination. In this study we focused on developing rapid and efficient oyster-processing procedures that can be used for sensitive PCR detection of viruses in raw oysters. Poliovirus type 3 (PV3) Sabin strain was used to evaluate the efficacy of virus recovery and the removal of PCR inhibitors during oyster-processing procedures. These procedures included elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, solvent extraction, and RNA extraction. Acid adsorption-elution in which glycine buffer (pH 7.5) was used was found to retain fewer inhibitors than direct elution in which glycine buffer (pH 9.5) was used. RNA extraction in which a silica gel membrane was used was more effective than single-step RNA precipitation for removing additional nonspecific PCR inhibitors. The final 10-μl volume of RNA concentrates obtained from 2 g of oyster tissue (concentration factor, 200-fold) was satisfactory for efficient reverse transcription-PCR detection of virus. The overall detection sensitivity of our method was 1 PFU/g of oyster tissue initially seeded with PV3. The method was utilized to investigate a 1998 gastroenteritis outbreak in California in which contaminated oysters were the suspected disease transmission vehicle. A genogroup II Norwalk-like virus was found in two of three recalled oyster samples linked by tags to the harvest dates and areas associated with the majority of cases. The method described here improves the response to outbreaks and can be used for rapid and sensitive detection of viral agents in outbreak-implicated oysters.
Investigation of fiber-optic probe designs for optical spectroscopic diagnosis of epithelial pre-cancers.

Background and Objectives The first objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of fluorescence spectroscopy for diagnosing pre-cancers in stratified squamous epithelial tissues in vivo using two different probe geometries with (1) overlapping versus (2) non-overlapping illumination and collection areas on the tissue surface. Probe (1) and probe (2) are preferentially sensitive to the fluorescence originating from the tissue surface and sub-surface tissue depths, respectively. The second objective was to design a novel, angled illumination fiber-optic probe to maximally exploit the depth-dependent fluorescence properties of epithelial tissues. Study Design/Materials and Methods In the first study, spectra were measured from epithelial pre-cancers and normal tissues in the hamster cheek pouch and analyzed with a non-parametric classification algorithm. In the second study, Monte Carlo modeling was used to simulate fluorescence measurements from an epithelial tissue model with the angled illumination probe. Results An unbiased classification algorithm based on spectra measured with probes (1) and (2), classified pre-cancerous and normal tissues with 78 and 94% accuracy, respectively. The angled illumination probe design provides the capability to detect fluorescence from a wide range of tissue depths in an epithelial tissue model. Conclusions The first study demonstrates that fluorescence originating from sub-surface tissue depths (probe (2)) is more diagnostic than fluorescence originating from the tissue surface (probe (1)) in the hamster cheek pouch model. However in general, it is difficult to know a priori the optimal probe geometry for pre-cancer detection in a particular epithelial tissue model. The angled illumination probe provides the capability to measure tissue fluorescence selectively from different depths within epithelial tissues, thus obviating the need to select a single optimal probe design for the fluorescence-based diagnosis of epithelial pre-cancers. Lasers Surg. Med. 34:25–38, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sex, HIV, and the Internet: Exploring Variations in the Online Profiles of MSM in the United States

With the increasing pervasiveness of social media, the Internet has become an important venue for dating and sex. Not only does the Internet introduce a unique array of opportunities and risks for men who have sex with men (MSM), it also presents a valuable means through which to study sexual behavior. In this study, data on what men report in their online profiles were collected from two dating/hookup websites to explore possible geographical differences in men's sexual preferences and expectations (N = 5,588). Across the 15 selected cities, significant differences emerged in reported HIV status and stated preference for safer sex (condom use). These patterns suggest important contextual and demographic variations and point to a need for targeted, population-specific interventions and further research to identify the underlying social and psychological constructs. With a better understanding of the local factors driving risky sexual behavior, health communication messages and tailored online interventions could be developed to address the needs and concerns of specific groups.
Quantitative measures of fine motor, limb, and postural bradykinesia in very early stage, untreated Parkinson's disease

Few studies have characterized the motor control abnormalities of very early stage Parkinson's disease (PD), when symptoms are mild and usually unilateral. However, this group is the most targeted for potential disease-modifying therapeutics. We have validated several quantitative measures of bradykinesia with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor disability score (UPDRS III) and have found these useful in studies of advanced PD. In this study, we asked if quantitative measures of finger, forearm, and postural movement velocity could detect bradykinesia in 20 patients with very early stage, untreated PD. The results revealed evidence of significant finger and forearm bradykinesia of the patient group's more affected side when compared to the nondominant side of 19 age-matched control subjects (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the patient group's forearm movement velocity on the more affected side was significantly slower than their less affected side (P = 0.005), highlighting the importance of using an outcome measure that is lateralized in studies of very early stage PD. In contrast to our previous study that revealed significant postural bradykinesia in patients with advanced PD, we did not detect postural bradykinesia in patients with very early stage, untreated PD. Based on these findings, we suggest that the use of quantitative, lateralized measures of bradykinesia would be useful in studies of very early stage, untreated PD. These measures may improve a study by: increasing efficiency and objectivity of the evaluation, decreasing cost, and decreasing the number of subjects needed for statistical significance. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Parasite removal increases reproductive success in a social African ground squirrel

Parasites can be detrimental to the health, longevity, and reproduction of their hosts, but these costs are rarely quantified in nature. We removed ectoparasites and endoparasites from Cape ground squirrels (Xerus inauris), a highly social sciurid in southern Africa. Parasites were removed for 3 months during the dry winter season, when fewer resources are available and the impact of parasites may be greatest. We examined changes in female body mass, reproduction, grooming, and burrow use. Female body mass did not increase with parasite removal, but reproductive success (number of offspring raised to emergence) was nearly 4 times higher for treated females. Rates of allogrooming were lower for treated females, but we were unable to detect a significant change in burrow movements, perhaps because factors other than parasites (e.g., predator avoidance) affect such movements. Gestation and lactation are the most physiologically stressful processes that females undergo, and the dramatic increase in reproductive success in treated females suggests that parasites drain resources that would otherwise be allocated to reproduction. Our results suggest that nonparasitized females put the extra energy into reproduction rather than into their own body weight, which appears to enhance juvenile survival. Key words: Cape ground squirrel, ectoparasite, endoparasite, grooming, Xerus inauris. [Behav Ecol]
Filler exfoliation and dispersion in polypropylene/as-received graphite nanocomposites via cryogenic milling

Nanocomposites from polypropylene and unmodified, as-received graphite were fabricated via solid-state cryogenic milling (cryomilling) process. Filler contents up to 10 wt% were studied with cryomilling cycles and postcryomill melt mixing option as processing parameters. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction of the cryomilled samples reveal that graphite filler particles are partially exfoliated into nanoplatelets, as well as fragmented in the lateral dimensions, when incorporated into the polymer matrix. Various physical performance, including polymer crystallization rate, thermomechanical response, oxygen barrier, and electrical conductivity, is closely dictated by the filler morphology. An increase in cryomilling time leads to a higher degree of exfoliation, resulting in an enhancement in stiffness/strength, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Postcryomill melt mixing disperses the partially exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, raising stiffness/strength and thermal stability while reducing electrical conductivity and oxygen permeability. The percolation threshold occurs between 1 and 3 wt%, with an optimum content for most properties at ∼3 wt%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers
Factors Associated with Uncontrolled Hypertension in an Affluent, Elderly Population

OBJECTIVE:To explore demographic, economic, and treatment-related associations with uncontrolled hypertension in a relatively affluent, community-dwelling population.METHODS:Two home surveys of 655 and 432 subjects with a diagnosis of hypertension were completed in 1995 and 1999, respectively. Trained surveyors recorded medication history plus demographic and socioeconomic variables, as well as several measurements of blood pressure in the home. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined according to guidelines set forth by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Odds ratios for observing an elevated blood pressure given the patients' medication history, income, insurance coverage, demographic variables, and concomitant disease were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.RESULTS:On both occasions, >60% of the study population had an average blood pressure that was above recommended levels. Diuretic therapy alone (19...
Acute chest pain: Acute coronary syndrome versus lead perforation: A case report

Diagnosing pacemaker lead perforation in the setting of chest pain and EKG changes is difficult and usually not considered unless we have awareness and high index of suspicion. This kind of clinical scenario represents one of the diagnostic challenges. A 77 year-old Caucasian female came to emergency room with left sided non-exertional chest pain radiating to her back for the past two days. A week prior to this presentation, she had a stent supported angioplasty for in-stent re-stenosis and subsequently dual chamber pacemaker implantation for sick sinus syndrome. On physical exam she is very obese, had normal vital signs, peripheral pulses and cardio-respiratory exam. Electrocardiogram revealed new T- wave inversions in inferior and anterior leads. Initial chest X-ray, 2D-Echocardiogram and cardiac enzymes were normal. Acute coronary syndrome was considered as an initial probable diagnosis. She was anticoagulated with heparin and eptifibatide. Patient continued to have chest pain with negative cardiac biomarkers. She developed hypotension, oliguria, elevated white count, pyuria and renal failure. Because of a normal 2D-echocardiogram, cardiac etiology for shock was not suspected. After initial fluid challenge, empiric treatment for septic shock was initiated with antibiotics and vasopressors. Work up for pulmonary embolism and intra-abdominal hemorrhage was negative. Because of persistent chest pain, shock with cold & clammy extremities and elevated central venous pressure cardiogenic shock was considered and a repeat 2D-echocardiogram was done on third day of hospitalization which revealed pericardial effusion. Non-contrast CT-scan chest done to look for lead position confirmed that she had hemorrhagic pericardial effusion along with lead perforation. Patient underwent pericardial window placement along with over-sewing of atrial wall to seal the leakage point. The patient improved and was then discharged from the hospital. Lead perforation presenting with chest pain and EKG changes is often not appreciated resulting in significant delay in diagnosis and inappropriate treatment.
The Meaning In Life Questionnaire: psychometric properties with individuals with serious mental illness in an inpatient setting.

Objectives: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) with individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) in an inpatient setting (N = 96). The 10-item MLQ comprises Presence (perceived meaning) and Search (motivation to discover meaning) scales. Design: This study focused on the reliability and validity of the MLQ, reporting a range of data, including correlations and regression (predicting scores on a measure of psychopathology, the Brief Symptom Inventory). Results: Both MLQ scales yielded reliable scores. The current sample tended to report greater Presence, whereas Search means tended to be similar to those reported in other studies. The association between Presence and the Brief Symptom Inventory was not statistically significant. As for Search, people reporting greater motivation to discover meaning tended to report greater degrees of symptoms. The Presence and Search scales correlated at r =.12, which was unexpected given that most studies note an inverse relationship. However, this finding is considered in light of an interaction effect between Presence and Search when predicting psychological distress. Conclusions: The current findings are supportive of the MLQ's utility with individuals with SMI. Limitations and directions for research are offered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–10, 2011.
Translational research investigations on ATP7A: an important human copper ATPase

In more than 40 years since copper deficiency was delineated in pediatric subjects with Menkes disease, remarkable advances in our understanding of the clinical, biochemical, and molecular aspects of the human copper transporter ATP7A have emerged. Mutations in the gene encoding this multitasking molecule are now implicated in at least two other distinctive phenotypes: occipital horn syndrome and ATP7A-related isolated distal motor neuropathy. Several other novel inherited disorders of copper metabolism have been identified in the past several years, aided by advances in human gene mapping and automated DNA sequencing. In this paper, I review the history and evolution of our understanding of disorders caused by impaired ATP7A function, and outline future challenges.
Identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine binding substances from rat brain stem.

— Godwin & Sneddon (1975) reported the binding of 5-hydroxy-[3H]tryptamine (5-HT) on a Sephadex LH-20 column to‘proteolipid material’extracted with n-butanol from rat brain stem. An examination of this‘proteolipid material’with TLC showed the main constituents to be cerebroside sulfate (CS), monophosphoinositide (PI), and diphosphoinositide. The elution profiles of [3H]5-HT incubated with purified CS or with a mixture of CS and PI were similar to that of the brain extract on the same column. Because the elution profile of the mixture of CS and PI was more similar to that of the brain extract, it was concluded that what was suggested to be a possible proteolipid‘5-HT receptor’was mainly two acidic lipids. The elution profile of [3H]5-HT incubated with purified PI, however, was similar to [3H]5-HT eluted alone. This suggested that either PI did not bind to 5-HT or that the PI-5-HT complex possesses different Chromatographie behavior than PI. To test this latter possibility, [14C]5-HT and [3H]PI were incubated then eluted on a Sephadex LH-20 column with a continuous gradient of increasing polarity. The gradient first eluted PI, then an apparent PI-5-HT complex, and finally 5-HT. This demonstrated that PI will bind to 5-HT on a Sephadex LH-20 column and that the PI-5-HT complex is probably more polar than PI.
Magnetic force microscopy of recording heads

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of a thin-film head and metal-in-gap (MIG) heads are presented. Results for the thin-film head show that it is possible to image a high-frequency magnetic field up to at least 50 MHz by using an iron-coated tip. MFM images of the MIG heads indicate intrinsic features such as the effect of the high saturation magnetic flux density of Sendust, a magnetic boundary at the interface of the Sendust and ferrite, electrical resonance, and a frequency limit beyond which heads cannot excite magnetic fields. >
A Revision of the Genus Eschatomoxys Blaisdell (Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Edrotini) with Notes on the Biology

Abstract The tenebrionid genus Eschatomoxys Blaisdell is revised with descriptions of four new species, E. pholeter, E. paco, E. rosei, and E. andrewsi. Eschatomoxys wagneri Blaisdell, the type species, and E. tanneri Sorenson and Stones, are redescribed with illustrations and a key for the identification of all species. The biology of these rare beetles is discussed with emphasis on the cave dwelling species. The species have metapopulations fragmented among cave and island habitats.
Progress and Strategy of Water-saving Cultivation Technique for Rice

In this paper,the main progress of rice water-saving culture,and effects of water stress at rice different growth stages on grain yield and eating quality of rice were summarized.And some suggestions on research and utilization of rice water-saving culture had been put forward.
Analysis of Environmental Issues for Nursing Aboard the USNS Mercy (T-AH 19)

The USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) is a unique environment for its staff and patients. Several environmental influences distinctively affect health, medical, and nursing care. Six main areas of environmental concern for operational nursing were examined. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the internal environment of a hospital ship were explored. Findings indicate that the USNS Mercy meets or exceeds many environmental standards. However, there is significant room for improvement and nursing involvement in issues related to the management of infectious diseases, patient transport, care of patients with nuclear, biological, or chemical agents, and management of wastes aboard the ship. Nursing implications for research and practice are proposed.
Apathy in the older adult. Why you should care.

Apathy is a common problem in older adults. Patients with apathy lose initiative and drive for their usual activities. They complain of inability to finish tasks. Families report patients as showing loss of concern for daily events or even personal care. Despite these issues, patients appear emotionally absent or unconcerned.
Abstract 245: Smartwomantm: Feasibility of a Mobile Application to Improve Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Indigent Diabetic Women

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease disparately affects women with diabetes mellitus. Among women with diabetes, cardiovascular disease prevention, including risk factor monitoring and lifestyle modification is important but underutilized. Mobile health strategies are emerging communication technologies to improve self management and health behaviours. However, the feasibility of mobile health technology (m-health) to enhance health behaviors in an indigent population is unknown. We developed and examined the feasibility of m-health to improve health behaviors and self-management regarding coronary risk factors in indigent women with diabetes. Methods: We developed a smartphone application based on the AHA’s “Life’s Simple 7” prevention module. Mobile technology was integrated into the overall program, with communication enabled devices (weight scales, glucometers, and sphygmomanometers) synchronized to the smartphone. FitBit was used to monitor activity level. We tested the feasibility of the mobile application in the SMARTWOMANTM project which enrolled women with diabetes, without known CVD at an inner city hospital;,these women had suboptimal access to care, limited transportation and resources, and limited health literacy. Results: Fourteen women, all African-American were enrolled in SMARTWOMANTM (mean age 52 yrs, 86% with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and obesity). The overall weekly mobile-application reporting was 85% for blood glucose, 83% for daily steps, and 77% for systolic blood pressure. The majority reported the text messages to be useful (92%) and appropriate in frequency (92%). Participants found positive text messages as a strong reinforcement to healthy behaviors. They indicated that study participation increased their motivation in taking charge of their health, and increased understanding of their health condition and self-management. Conclusions: Among indigent African-American women with diabetes and no known CVD, the development and use of mobile health application was feasible and resulted in increased patient satisfaction and positive reinforcement to healthy behaviors.
Keywords in the mist: automated keyword extraction for very large documents and back of the book indexing

This research addresses the problem of automatic keyphrase extraction from large documents and back of the book indexing. The potential benefits of automating this process are far reaching, from improving information retrieval in digital libraries, to saving countless man-hours by helping professional indexers creating back of the book indexes. The dissertation introduces a new methodology to evaluate automated systems, which allows for a detailed, comparative analysis of several techniques for keyphrase extraction. We introduce and evaluate both supervised and unsupervised techniques, designed to balance the resource requirements of an automated system and the best achievable performance. Additionally, a number of novel features are proposed, including a statistical informativeness measure based on chi statistics; an encyclopedic feature that taps into the vast knowledge base of Wikipedia to establish the likelihood of a phrase referring to an informative concept; and a linguistic feature based on sophisticated semantic analysis of the text using current theories of discourse comprehension. The resulting keyphrase extraction system is shown to outperform the current state of the art in supervised keyphrase extraction by a large margin. Moreover, a fully automated back of the book indexing system based on the keyphrase extraction system was shown to lead to back of the book indexes closely resembling those created by human experts.
La contextualización en la ciencia política: una perspectiva latinoamericana

Contextualization is crucial to make general theories broader because it forces us to specify the scope conditions of their applicability. The recent evolution of the discipline in its application to the study of Latin America in the US is discussed here. The spread of US Political Science due to global trends in education and the expansion of the Latin American academia during the commodity boom have furthered this process in the region, albeit in an uneven way. A more contextualized and interdisciplinary knowledge that reduces the tendency to produce ‘one-size-fits-all’ policies and acknowledge that human beings can strategically react to knowledge, thus affecting our theoretical expectations.
When More Is Not Better: Expanded Polyglutamine Domains in Neurodegenerative Disease

Expanded polyglutamine domains are implicated in nine progressive neurodegenerative disorders, of which Huntington’s disease is the best known. Nine proteins are associated with these disorders; the proteins share no sequence or structural homology except for a polyglutamine tract that is unusually lengthened in those affected by the diseases. A common feature of these disorders is the presence of inclusions containing the associated protein in the nucleus or cytoplasm of affected neurons. Why do expanded polyglutamine proteins cause neurodegenerative disease? This remains an unsettled question, but most researchers now suspect that long polyglutamine domains cause protein misfolding and aggregation, and that there is a gain-of-toxic-function upon aggregation. Two specific hypotheses attribute toxicity to sequestration of transcription factors and subsequent transcriptome dysregulation, or to overloading and subsequent impairment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, leading to loss of protein homeostasis. Most but not all evidence points to aggregation as an essential component of toxicity; many researchers suggest that less-ordered, smaller, and/or soluble intermediates are the toxic species. Detailed biophysical studies with synthetic peptides and proteins have uncovered many details about the conformation of polyglutamine domains, and the structure of aggregates, but much remains to be done. Significant evidence points to the important role of protein context on modulating the effect of polyglutamine. Although early studies with model peptides suggested that aggregation occurred by a simple nucleation–elongation mechanism, more recent studies clearly indicate that a more complex pathway is involved. There are a few other expanded poly-amino-acid domains associated with disease, particularly polyalanine, although these are much less common than polyglutamine-related disorders, and even less is known about them. A comparison of expanded polyglutamine and expanded polyalanine may illuminate their common features as well as those features unique to each.
The Consequences of Implementation

The United States was predominantly rural when Thomas Jefferson came to power in 1801. About 5 percent of Americans lived in urban centers and there were only two cities with more than 30,000 residents: Philadelphia and New York with 70,000 and 60,000, respectively.1 Yet urban America was rapidly growing as a result of the commercial boom unleashed by the wars of the French Revolution. New York City best exemplifies this transformation.2 ‘Go where you will’, a New Yorker wrote Rufus King, and you will find ‘nothing but the smiling face of improvement and prosperity. This city is still progressing with astonishing rapidity!’ 3
Amine Functionalization through Sequential Quinone‐Catalyzed Oxidation/Nucleophilic Addition

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of α-branched amines through formal oxidative C–H functionalization is reported. A commercially available quinone organocatalyst is employed to promote the aerobic oxidation of primary amines to the corresponding N-protected imines, which are then trapped in situ with an appropriate nucleophile to give access to versatile functionalized amines in good to excellent yields (70–90 %).
Association Between Body Mass Index, Uterine Size, and Operative Morbidity in Women Undergoing Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy.

Abstract Study Objective Although the selection of an approach to minimally invasive hysterectomy is relatively straightforward in an ideal patient scenario, it is more difficult in patients who pose operative challenges such as high body mass index (BMI) and enlarged uteri. The objective of this study was to explore the association between surgical approach and operative morbidity after minimally invasive hysterectomy and examine whether the association varies based on patient BMI and uterine size. Design Retrospective cohort (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Data abstracted from the American College of Surgeons National Safety and Quality Improvement Project registry. Patients Thirty-six thousand seven hundred fifty-seven women undergoing vaginal, laparoscopic-assisted vaginal, or total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign indications between January 2005 and December 2012. Interventions Associations between surgical approach, BMI, and operative morbidity were examined, stratifying by uterine size ( 250 g) and adjusting for covariates. Adjusted means, rate ratios, or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using linear, Poisson, or logistic regression. Measurements and Main Results Operative times were shortest in women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy regardless of BMI or uterine size (all p 250 g. Compared with vaginal hysterectomy, total laparoscopic hysterectomy had lower odds of blood transfusion (all p 40 kg/m 2 had 76% lower odds of blood transfusion (95% CI, 0.10–0.54) and 18% shorter hospitalization (95% CI, 0.75–0.90) after laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with vaginal hysterectomy. Conclusion Major operative morbidity after minimally invasive hysterectomy is rare regardless of the surgical approach. A vaginal approach to hysterectomy is associated with the shortest operative times, but increasing BMI results in a rapid escalation of operative time in women with large uteri. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is associated with shorter hospitalizations and lower odds of blood transfusion across the BMI spectrum, particularly in women with small uteri. Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy appears to confer no specific advantage over the vaginal or laparoscopic approaches.
Microsurgery Fellowship Selection Criteria: A National Program Director Survey.

Background Desirable candidate characteristics for microsurgery fellowship applicants still remain unclear, as no data are available in the literature. This study aims to provide information on the criteria that are used to select and rank applicants for the microsurgery fellowship match. Methods A 38-question survey was sent in April 2015 to all microsurgery fellowship directors ( n = 36) involved in the U.S. match, using QuestionPro Software. The survey investigated various factors used for selection of applicants, including medical school, residency training, research experience, fellowship interview, and candidate characteristics. A 5-point Likert scale was used to grade 33 influential factors from 1 (“not at all important in making my decision”) to 5 (“essential in making my decision”), or for 5 controversial factors from 1 (“very negative impact in making my decision”) to 5 (“very positive impact in making my decision”). Results A total of 53% (19 out of 36) of responses were received from microsurgery fellowship directors. The most important factors included letters of recommendations by microsurgeons (4.6 ± 0.5), interactions with faculty (4.6 ± 0.5), overall interview performance in the selection process (4.6 ± 0.5), and professionalism and ethics (4.4 ± 0.7). Factors that had a negative impact on the selection process included graduate from a non-U.S. plastic surgery residency program (2.1 ± 0.9), graduate needing a visa (2.3 ± 0.8), and graduate from a foreign medical school (2.4 ± 1.0). Conclusion This study provides data on the microsurgery fellowship directors' perception of the criteria important for applicant selection and shows that the most valued criteria are letters of recommendation, interactions with faculty, and interview performance.
Quantum yield of conversion of the dental photoinitiator camphorquinone

The primary absorber in dental resins is the photoinitiators, which start the photo polymerization process. We studied the quantum yield of conversion of camphorquinone (CQ), a blue light photoinitiator, using 3M FreeLight LED lamp as the light curing unit. The molar extinction coefficient, e 469 , of CQ was measured to be 46±2 cm -1 /(mol/L) at 469 nm. The absorption coefficient change to the radiant exposure was measured at three different irradiances. The relationship between the CQ absorption coefficient and curing lamp radiant exposure was the same for different irradiances and fit an exponential function: μ a469 (H)= μ ao exp(-H/H threshold ), where μ ao is 4.46±0.05 cm -1 , and H threshold =43±4 J/cm 2 . Combining this exponential relationship with CQ molar extinction coefficient and the absorbed photon energy (i.e., the product of the radiant exposure with the absorption coefficient), we plotted CQ concentration [number of molecules/cm 3 ] as a function of the accumulated absorbed photons per volume. The slope of the relationship is the quantum yield of the CQ conversion. Therefore, in our formulation (0.7 w% CQ with reducing agents 0.35 w% DMAEMA and 0.05 w% BHT) the quantum yield was solved to be 0.07±0.01 CQ conversion per absorbed photon.
Discrimination, Sleep, and Stress Reactivity: Pathways to African American-White Cardiometabolic Risk Inequities

This review provides a model explicating two related physiologic and behavioral pathways through which the chronic daily stress of the expectation and experience of discrimination exposure can shape life course cardiometabolic risk trajectories: sleep and stress reactivity. We argue that these two pathways work together jointly to shape African American-White disparities in cardiometabolic morbidities. The body’s ongoing anticipation of experiencing racism-related stressors disrupts sleep, a behavior highly responsive to stress reactivity, which is also elevated during stressful conditions. The constant feedback between sleep disruption and the body’s stress response can lead to higher allostatic load and disproportionate exposure to stress-related illness among African Americans earlier in their life course.
Simulating Expected Changes in Pollinator Resources as a Function of Climate Change

Ecological effects of climate change can include advancement of spring events, shifts in species distribution patterns, and phenological changes. Studying these responses under field conditions can require decades of research. In 2010, we established an experimental field study designed to mimic the effects of predicted climate change using snow removal and passive heating in montane meadows. Here, we use this same experimental set-up to examine nectar production relative to pollinator emergence in two important nectar sources: Arrowleaf Balsamroot (Balsamorhiza sagitatta) and Wild Buckwheat (Eriogonum umbellatum). Preliminary results indicate that there was lower nectar volume for Balsamorhiza sagitatta in the heating compared to either the control or snow removal. The heating + snow removal was also lower in nectar volume than snow removal only. Preliminary results for Eriogonum umbellatum showed a lower sugar content in the control as compared to the heating + snow removal.