cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Versus Periapical Radiography Measurements When Planning Placement of Implants in the Posterior Maxilla: A Retrospective Study.

Intraoral periapical (PA) radiography is commonly used for measuring the remaining crestal bone height when implants are treatment planned in the maxillary posterior region. A major drawback of conventional radiographs is that a 3-dimensional (3D) entity is compressed and superimposed on itself into a 2-dimensional (2D) image, which is often distorted. Conversely, 3D information can be extracted from computerized tomography. The purpose of this article is to evaluate and discuss limitations of intraoral PA radiography for the measurement of posterior maxillary alveolar bone height and describe the use of information obtained by means of 3D computerized tomography to help plan implant placement. Method Clinical data in this study was obtained from the Implant Database (ID) at New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD). The data set was extracted as de-identified information from the routine treatment of patients at the Ashman Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry at NYUCD. The ID is certified by the Office of Quality Assurance at NYUCD. This study is in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) requirements. Thirty-five sites were compared with both PA and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of the posterior region, including the anatomical relationship of the maxillary crest to the sinus floor. The values recorded from the CBCT were used as the standard to which PA was subtracted from. Results Linear differences were consistently seen in which the remaining maxillary posterior crestal bone height appeared larger or smaller on the PA radiographs when compared to the measurements made of the same area on the CBCT images. Conclusion CBCT imaging is a valuable adjunct in radio-anatomical and radio-diagnostic observations in the posterior maxillary region. Furthermore, in this study CBCT measurements were shown to be more accurate in assessing the remaining crestal ridge height apical to the sinus membrane when compared to PA radiographs. More research is necessary to verify these findings.
A Virtual Reality Intervention to Reduce Dementia-Related Agitation Using Single-Case Design.

OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to use a single-case design to evaluate the utility of a VR intervention to reduce agitation behaviors in two female participants with a diagnosis of dementia. METHODS A single-case research design with an ideographic approach was selected given the novelty of this intervention. A blended single case experimental design was used combining the Multiple-baseline design across individuals with a reversal design to examine the effects of VR nature scenes on agitation. Visual analysis was used to determine changes in mean, level, and latency of the behaviors. RESULTS For both participants, a significant decrease in their respective agitation behaviors was observed during intervention phases. CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence of the utility of VR as a brief and effective intervention to decrease agitation in individuals with dementia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS These initial, promising results may help caregivers improve the quality of life for dementia patients. Further, the brevity of the intervention makes this a practical tool for care providers working in clinical settings. The primary objective of this study was to use a single-case design to evaluate the utility of a VR intervention to reduce agitation behaviors in two female participants with a diagnosis of dementia.
Genes, Environment, and Psychopathology: Understanding the Causes of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders

Introduction. Part I: Background. The Scientific and Social Context of the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Methodology Used in the VATSPSUD. Twinning and Twin Models. Part II: Genetic Risk. Internalizing Disorders. Externalizing and Substance Use Disorders. Twin Model Assumptions. Part III: Environmental Risk. Childhood Experiences and Risk for Psychopathology. Adult Experiences and Risk for Psychopathology. Part IV: A Closer Look at Genetic and Environmental Influences. Sex Differences. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Stability and Change. The Genetics of What?: Comorbidity, General versus Specific Effects, and Intermediate Phenotypes. Three Extensions of the Twin Model. Part V: Bringing it all Together. The Genetics of the Environment. Mechanisms for Genetic Control of Exposure to the Environment. Is the Relation Between Environmental Risk Factors and Psychiatric Disorders Causal? Genetic Control of Sensitivity to the Environment. Integrative Models. Conclusions.
Elimination and reconstitution of the requirement for hormone in promoting temperature-dependent transformation of cytosolic glucocorticoid receptors to the DNA-binding state

Cytosols contain a heat-stable, chelatable, anionic, molybdate-like factor that stabilizes glucocorticoid receptors in a heteromeric complex with hsp90 (refers to the 90-kDa heat shock protein) and inhibits their transformation to the DNA-binding state (Meshinchi, S., Grippo, J.F., Sanchez, E.R., Bresnick, E.H., and Pratt, W.B. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16809-16817). In this work, we demonstrate that removal of this factor by passage of L cell cytosol through the metal-chelating resin Chelex-100 makes the glucocorticoid receptor unstable, thus markedly facilitating both its dissociation from hsp90 and its transformation to the DNA-binding state. In normal cytosol, both temperature-mediated dissociation of hsp90 and temperature-mediated receptor transformation are hormone-dependent events. In the Chelex-treated, metal-depleted cytosol, however, temperature-mediated dissociation of hsp90 and receptor transformation occur very rapidly in a manner that is no longer hormone-dependent. When boiled L cell cytosol is added to the metal-depleted receptor system, the hormone dependence of both temperature-mediated dissociation of receptor from hsp90 and receptor transformation to the DNA-binding state is reconstituted. Like boiled cytosol, molybdate stabilizes the receptor complex and inhibits its transformation in metal-depleted cytosol, but it does not reconstitute the hormone dependence of the system. These results support the proposal that an endogenous metal anion interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor to stabilize it in the heteromeric, inactive, non-DNA-binding state in cytosol and that binding of the hormone promotes conversion of the receptor to the DNA-binding state through an effect on this metal anion center.
Novel shape-selective catalysts for synthesis of 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl

Shape-selective methylation of 4-methylbiphenyl was studied using zeolites HY, HM and HZSM-5 under the down-flow conditions. HY and HM display no shape selectivity, but HZSM-5 shows moderate selectivity to the target product, 4,4′-dimethylbiphenyl (4,4′-DMBP). Increasing the crystal size and modifing the surface of HZSM-5 zeolite can improve the selectivity to 4,4′-DMBP. The modification of external and internal surface with inorganic P compound was found to be very effective. The selectivity to 4,4′-DMBP can be increased to as high as 65% over the HZSM-5 modified with a small amount of ammonium hydrogen phosphate.
Improving public financing for long-term care: the political challenge.

(1999). Improving Public Financing for Long-Term Care. Journal of Aging & Social Policy: Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 1-6.
Computer Controlled Systems

The degree of success of a computer control application depends mainly on the effectiveness of the algorithm. Algorithms for digital computer control are generally designed from plant specifications and desired performance characteristics. If the plant is too complex for mathematical analysis, then appropriate mathematical models may be obtained using response data obtained experimentally.
Women's experiences of living with neurogenic bladder and bowel after spinal cord injury: life controlled by bladder and bowel.

AbstractPurpose: Neurogenic bladder and bowel (NBB) is a chronic condition hindering the functioning and quality of life (QOL) of people with spinal cord injury (SCI). NBB research has focused on men with SCI leaving unanswered questions about women's experiences of living with NBB. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe women's experiences of living with SCI and NBB. Method: Secondary analysis of semi-structured interviews from a larger qualitative study of women with SCI (N = 50) was carried out. Transcripts were coded for bowel and bladder content. Pile-sorting techniques were used to identify emergent themes related to NBB. Meta-themes were categorized under the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: Bladder and bowel topics were spontaneously discussed by 46 out of 50 study participants suggesting the salience of this issue for women with SCI. We identified 6 meta-themes: life controlled by bladder and bowel, bladder and bowel accidents, women's s...
Comparison of the ground state vibrational fundamentals of diatomic molecules in the gas phase and in inert solid matrices

Abstract Despite the voluminous literature on the spectra of diatomic molecules, there are many gaps in our knowledge of their ground state vibrational frequencies. For many important diatomic molecules, only values obtained in matrix isolation experiments are available. In order to assess the likely extent of deviation of the ground state ΔG( 1 2 ) values of diatomic molecules observed in rare-gas and nitrogen matrices from the gas-phase values, a systematic comparison has been made between gas-phase and matrix frequencies. The dependence of matrix shifts on the matrix material and type of chemical bond is considered for the approximately 230 pairs of observations, spanning the entire Periodic Table, which have been reported. Except for van der Waals molecules and for the Group Ia and IIIa halides, the argon-matrix shift for most diatomic molecules is less than 2%.
Nutritional effects on the induction of cytochrome P-450 and glutathione transferase in larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.)

Abstract Wild tomato, Lycoperiscon hirsutum f. glabratum, leaves or 2-tridecanone fed to fifth instar larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), caused a 2.2 to 3.1-fold increase in gut microsomal cytochrome P-450. The increase was proportional to the feeding period or to 2-tridecanone concentration. Wild tomato leaves or 2-tridecanone caused distinct changes in the spectral characteristics of the gut cytochrome P-450. Glutathione S-transferase activity decreased during the first 24 hr of exposure, then recovered and increased above control levels after 3 days.
Marital Discord and Suicidal Outcomes in a National Sample of Married Individuals.

Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States, with an average of 105 suicides committed daily. The association between marital discord and 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt was studied in a population-based sample of married adults (N = 1,384). Marital discord was significantly and positively associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, and these associations remained significant when controlling for demographics and 12-month prevalence of mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Results suggest that marital discord is an important correlate of suicidal outcomes and may be important to target in preventing and treating suicide.
Nonrelativistic Compton amplitude

A simple heuristic argument is made which demonstrates the nonanalyticity of the nonrelativistic and semirelativistic forward Compton amplitudes for photon scattering from a bound particle. Hence, no dispersion relation can be written. The "no-retardation" theorem of Gerasimov is thus shown to be incorrect. A variety of topics associated with this problem are discussed.
Clay—Fiber interaction in the presence of polyethylenimine and anionic contaminants

Abstract The effect of cationic polyethylenimine on the mutual attraction between fibers and clay particles is documented by comparing the clay content of sheets of paper formed from a mixture of fibers and clay with the change in their electrophoretic mobilities resulting from the polymer adsorption. The maximum clay deposition on fiber takes place when the fibers and clay are oppositely charged thus providing evidence that an electrostatic interaction plays an important role in the retention mechanism. The presence of anioic substances (kraft lignin, carboxymethyl cellulose) capable of forming complexes with the cationic polymer requires an excess of polyethylenimine to affect the charge of the solid particles and thus promote their mutual attraction. Carbohydrates (starch and xylan) are less detrimental to the performance of polyethylenimine.
Fold change in evolution of protein structures.

Typically, protein spatial structures are more conserved in evolution than amino acid sequences. However, the recent explosion of sequence and structure information accompanied by the development of powerful computational methods led to the accumulation of examples of homologous proteins with globally distinct structures. Significant sequence conservation, local structural resemblance, and functional similarity strongly indicate evolutionary relationships between these proteins despite pronounced structural differences at the fold level. Several mechanisms such as insertions/deletions/substitutions, circular permutations, and rearrangements in beta-sheet topologies account for the majority of detected structural irregularities. The existence of evolutionarily related proteins that possess different folds brings new challenges to the homology modeling techniques and the structure classification strategies and offers new opportunities for protein design in experimental studies.
Involvement of RNA synthesis in the fixation of abnormal reflexes in the newborn rat

Abstract A lesion placed in the anterior cerebellum of a newborn rat produced an asymmetrical flexion of the ipsilateral hind limb. When a mid-thoracic transection of the spinal cord was made before a median time of 38 min had elapsed, the postural asymmetry disappeared. When the cord was cut after 38 min, the asymmetry persisted. Chamberlain, Halick, and Gerard termed this critical period “fixation time” and postulated that fixation may involve metabolic changes in appropriate neurons. In the present experiments injected actinomycin-D delayed fixation to 68 min and decreased the uptake of labeled uridine into the spinal cord. At 30 min following the cerebellar operation, the uptake of labeled uridine into the spinal cord was decreased in the rats with the lesion as compared with the sham-operated controls. Isolation of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions and autoradiography revealed that the label was confined to the neuronal nuclei. At various times following the cerebellar lesion, there were no changes in total spinal cord RNA and no differences in RNA levels between left and right sides of the spinal cords in either control or experimental rats.
Formation of alkanes during hydrous pyrolysis of an oil and n-C24 at high temperatures

A crude oil and pure tetracosane (n-C 24 ) were separately heated with kaolin, diatomite, and graphite at temperatures of 350-550 °C in closed hydrous pyrolysis systems for 72 h. Recoverable chloroform extractable organic matter (EOM) accounted for 20-40% of the initial amount of oil and 50-95% of the initial amount of n-C 24 for different mineral matrixes at 350 °C. The amount of EOM decreased to less than 1% of the initial material with an increase of temperature. Mass balance calculation suggests that the initial organic material was nearly quantitatively converted to gaseous compounds at high temperatures. Composition analysis showed that the alkane composition at 350 and 400 °C was similar to the composition of the oil, whereas only a minor amount of short-chain alkanes was detected in the pyrolysate of n-C 24 . At 450-500 °C, the alkane products from both the oil-mineral and n-C 24 -mineral pyrolysates were shifted from light hydrocarbons to bimodal distribution of both light and heavy alkanes, with light hydrocarbons being more abundant than long-chain hydrocarbons. At 550 °C, n-alkane compositions were dominated by long-chain hydrocarbons of n-C 21+ with only a minor amount of n-C 20- . The systematic changes of the alkane composition with an increase of temperature suggest that the thermal cracking of alkanes from long-chain hydrocarbons to light compounds was the dominant process at temperatures of 350-400 °C, whereas the formation or preferential preservation of long-chain alkanes became the dominant processes at 450-550 °C.
Communication of Drug Affordability between Physicians and Elderly Patients

Objective: To identify characteristics among elderly patients associated with patient-provider communications regarding affordability of medications in prescribing and dispensing. Methods: Telephone survey data from consumers ≥65 years old collected in the Texas Tech 5000 Survey were used. The sample size for the analyses was 2,360. Demographics, insurance, financial factors, nonfinancial factors, prescription drug use, and health status were used to identify which subgroup of elderly patients recalled communication with their providers regarding the affordability of prescriptions. Statistical analyses included bivariate analyses and a multivariate logistic regression. Results: Eleven percent of the respondents reported being asked by their physicians whether they could afford prescription drugs. In the multivariate analysis, gender, race, insurance coverage for prescriptions, income, number of physician visits, out-of-pocket expenditure for prescriptions, health, and physicians' participatory decision-making score were found to be associated with patient-provider communications regarding affordability of medications. Conclusions: Further research needs to be conducted to identify ways to improve patient-provider relationships to facilitate communication regarding affordability of medications among elderly patients. Improved communication or sensitivity to prescription affordability has the potential to increase patient medication adherence and improve clinical outcomes.
Plio–Pleistocene drilling predation in Florida bivalves: Predator identity, competition, and biotic change

Abstract Identifying gastropod predators from the morphology of their drill hole traces is an important step in testing the disruptive effects of prey evolution on the prey size selectivity behaviors of predators. For bulk sampled bivalves of the genus Chione from the late Neogene of Florida, temporal patterns of prey size selectivity differ depending on whether drill holes from naticid and muricid gastropods are lumped together or separated. When drill hole producers are identified to family level using revised experimental criteria developed specifically for this study system, we find that naticid and muricid prey size selectivity responds in different directions and at different times, but both groups exhibit change in prey size selectivity beginning around 2.5 Ma. We reject previous conclusions that changes in drilling gastropod prey handling behaviors were driven by changes in prey morphology associated with a species turnover event at 1.8 Ma. Prey density, threats from enemies, and habitat structure were also changing throughout the study interval, but none of these factors alone provides a complete explanation for observed changes in predator behaviors for either family. We conclude that multiple factors drive predator behavioral change, and that different predator types have different sensitivities to these factors.
Developing tools for efficient collaborative web browsing

Collaborative web browsing can provide a practical approach for searching the vast quantities of information on the WWW. While browsers that support group web browsing exist, their support is limited to lockstep browsing, in which multiple clients are slaved to one browser. They do not permit individual collaborators to navigate separate paths while coordinating their efforts. This paper discusses my current investigation into modeling the behavior of, and developing tools to support, people making individual contributions to a coordinated group search effort.
Effect of processing on the recyclability of nylon 66/poly(2,6 dimethyl‐1,4 phenylene oxide) (PPO) alloys

The recyclability of two commercial nylon 66/PPO [poly(phenylene oxide)] alloys has been investigated by examining the effects of multiple and abusive melt processes upon the impact strength. The loss of performance associated with these exposures has been correlated, in one instance, with the thermal degradation of polybutadiene-based impact modifier. The degradation of the rubber has been quantified using an indirect measurement of rubber mobility obtained from the NMR free induction decay of mobile and rigid protons in the material. Substitution of the unsaturated rubber modifier with a saturated hydrocarbon resulted in improved recyclability. Both formulations provide evidence of changes in morphology related to instability of the dispersed PPO phase. The coalescence of PPO particles, evident in later stages of prolonged thermal exposure, appears to cause further loss of impact strength. Currently the chemical and / or physical changes responsible for the increase in average PPO particle size are not known. It is probable that the thermal stability of the compatibilizer, formed during the reactive extrusion manufacturing process, may be insufficient to provide a durable morphology for repeated recycling of these alloys.
Whole brain leadership development for hospitality managers

This article posits a model to describe a learning process that may be applied to the development of leadership practices of hospitality managers who are current practitioners in hotels, resorts and other hospitality establishments. The premise of the model is found in the academic disciplines of science and philosophy as they relate to leadership and learning theories. The article concludes with a suggested seven‐step method that may be used to enhance leadership development among workers in hospitality enterprises.
Notes on the design of current meters

A perfect current meter is defined and a general discussion of departures of real current meters from the ideal is presented. The Price current meter has been shown to overregister due to turbulence and angularity of the fluid stream. The propeller type of meter shows less sensitivity due to flow stream characteristics when it is properly designed. The effects on accuracy of turbulence, Reynolds Number, and meter inertia are included. Methods of rating current meters are discussed with some indication of the deficiencies of present standard procedures. The work results in a series of recommendations and design specifications for an improved propeller type of current meter.
End effects and cross-dimensional interference in identification of time and length: Evidence for a common memory mechanism

Memory plays a critical role in time estimation, yet detailed mechanisms underlying temporal memory have not been fully understood. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated memory phenomena in absolute identification of time durations and line lengths. In both time and length identification, participants responded faster to end-of-range stimuli (e.g., the shortest or longest items of the stimulus set) than to middle stimuli. Participants performed worse in the incongruent condition (mismatch between time and length in the stimulus position) than in the congruent condition, indicating cross-dimensional interference between time and length. Both phenomena reflect increased difficulty of retrieving information relevant to the current context in the presence of context-irrelevant information. A region in the lateral inferior prefrontal cortex showed a greater response to the middle stimuli and in the incongruent condition suggesting greater demands for controlled memory retrieval. A cognitive model based on the ACT-R (Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational) declarative memory mechanisms accounted for the major behavioral and imaging results. The results suggest that contextual effects in temporal memory can be understood in terms of domain-general memory principles established outside the time estimation domain.
Perry's Legacy: Models of Epistemological Development

This paper compares the different ways that intellectual development has been described by W. Perry (1970) and M. Belenky, B. Clinchy, N. Goldberger, and J. Tarule (1986); M. Baxter Magolda (1992); and P. King and K. Kitchener (1994). The similarities are summarized into a comprehensive, gender-neutral 4-stage model (E. J. West, 1996). The nature of the stages is discussed from both a constructivist-developmental perspective (H. G. Furth, 1981; A. Colby & L. Kohlberg, 1987) and using skill-complexity theory (M. L. Commons, E. J. Trudeau, S. A. Stein, F. A. Richards, & S. R. Krause, 1998; M. L. Commons, D. Danaher-Gilpin, P. M. Miller, & E. A. Goodheart, 2002). Educational implications are proposed.
Concurrent release of admixed antimicrobials and salicylic acid from salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐esters)

A polymer blend consisting of antimicrobials (chlorhexidine, clindamycin, and minocycline) physically admixed at 10% by weight into a salicylic acid-based poly (anhydride-ester) (SA-based PAE) was developed as an adjunct treatment for periodontal disease. The SA-based PAE/antimicrobial blends were characterized by multiple methods, including contact angle measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. Static contact angle measurements showed no significant differences in hydrophobicity between the polymer and antimicrobial matrix surfaces. Notable decreases in the polymer glass transition temperature (T(g)) and the antimicrobials' melting points (T(m)) were observed indicating that the antimicrobials act as plasticizers within the polymer matrix. In vitro drug release of salicylic acid from the polymer matrix and for each physically admixed antimicrobial was concurrently monitored by high pressure liquid chromatography during the course of polymer degradation and erosion. Although the polymer/antimicrobial blends were immiscible, the initial 24 h of drug release correlated to the erosion profiles. The SA-based PAE/antimicrobial blends are being investigated as an improvement on current localized drug therapies used to treat periodontal disease.
Self-Report Personality Measurement and Conformity Behavior

(1967). Self-Report Personality Measurement and Conformity Behavior. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 227-234.
The Family Experience with Eating Disorders Scale: psychometric analysis.

The role of the family in the development and maintenance of eating disorders is frequently cited in the literature; however, common methodological issues, including the use of diverse family assessment instruments with inadequate psychometric properties, exist. Further, variables specific to families with eating disorder are not being captured in available instruments. The modeling and role-modeling theory (Erickson, H., Kinney, C. (Eds). 1990. Modeling and role-modeling: Theory, practice, and research . Austin, TX: Society for Advancement of Modeling and Role-Modeling; Erickson, H., Tomlin, E., Swain, M. A. 1983. Modeling and role-modeling: A theory and paradigm for nursing . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.) was employed to structure the Family Experience with Eating Disorders Scale (FEEDS), a 53-item instrument that measures variables specific to families with eating disorder. An adequate degree of reliability and validity of the FEEDS was demonstrated with a multisite sample composed of three groups: 146 parents of individuals with eating disorders, 35 parents of adolescents with psychiatric disorders, and 100 parents of college students with no known psychiatric illness. Structural equation modeling supported the construct validity of a reduced 30-item instrument and confirmed three higher order measurement models. A provisional degree of known group validity was established. Tests of internal consistency and test–retest at 2 weeks demonstrated adequate reliability. The FEEDS could be a useful adjunct to clinical assessment and could be instrumental in designing nursing interventions and measuring treatment outcomes for families with eating disorder.
Asymmetric Cyclopropanations by Rhodium(II) N-(Arylsulfonyl)prolinate Catalyzed Decomposition of Vinyldiazomethanes in the Presence of Alkenes. Practical Enantioselective Synthesis of the Four Stereoisomers of 2-Phenylcyclopropan-1-amino Acid

The rhodium N-(arylsulfonyl)prolinate catalyzed decomposition of vinyldiazomethanes in the presence of alkenes leads to a very general method for the synthesis of functionalized cyclopropanes in a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective mode. A detailed study was undertaken to determine the key factors that control the enantioselectivity of this process. The highest levels of enantioselectivity were obtained using cyclic N-(arylsulfonyl)amino acids as ligands for the dirhodium catalyst, and the optimized catalyst was tetrakis[N-[(4-dodecylphenyl)sulfonyl]-(L)-prolinato]dirhodium. The carbenoid structure has a critical effect on the degree of asymmetric induction, and the combination of a small electron-withdrawing group such as a methyl ester and an electron-donating group such as vinyl or phenyl resulted in the highest levels of enantioselectivity. The use of electron neutral alkenes and pentane as solvent also enhanced the enantioselectivity of the process. The synthetic utility of this chemistry...
An investigation of flumazenil to antagonize gamma-hydroxybutyrate intoxication in a murine model.

Objective Prior animal studies have suggested that flumazenil may blunt GHB’s sedative-hypnotic affects. We hypothesized that flumazenil would decrease the affects of GHB in a murine model of intoxication.
The effect of pantothenate deficiency in mice on their metabolic response to fast and exercise

The changes in fuel metabolism during fast and exercise were compared to the tissue total CoA levels in mice maintained on pantothenate-deficient and pantothenate-supplemented (control) diets. In nonexercised mice maintained on a pantothenate-deficient diet for 65 to 105 days, the total CoA levels of many tissues were significantly lower than in controls (liver 18%, kidney 23%, spleen 21%, heart 38%, and leg skeletal muscle 66%). However, no differences in total CoA levels in brain or epididymal fat pads were observed. During a 48-hour fast, the total CoA levels increased in the heart and liver of both pantothenate-deficient and control mice (heart 32 and 19%, respectively; liver 39 and 45%, respectively), but the level of total CoA remained lower in the deficient mice. Liver glycogen levels were 17% lower in deficient mice than in controls and liver ketone bodies were 17% higher in pantothenate deficient mice than in controls. Separate groups of mice on deficient and supplemented diets were trained to run to exhaustion. Compared to trained mice on pantothenate-supplemented diets, the trained pantothenate-deficient mice had lower running times until exhaustion, lower body weights, lower liver and muscle glycogen content (even after rest), and elevated liver ketone bodies both during rest and after running. In summary, the pantothenate-deficient mice were unable to maintain normal glycogen stores, but had a normal ketogenic response to fast and exercise in spite of the lower levels of liver total CoA.
A kinetic study of barbital degradation in an ammonia buffer system

The kinetics of the degradation of barbital in an ammonia buffer have been studied. The various species taking part in the parallel reactions leading to decomposition have been taken into account by means of equilibrium constants and, from this, the various second-order rate constants have been calculated. A possible mechanism for the reaction corresponding to known amide hydrolysis mechanisms is postulated.
The effect of inorganic pyrophosphate on the light scattering of rabbit myosin B solution in the presence of magnesium ions

Abstract The decrease in the light scattered by the solution of myosin B is studied upon the addition of inorganic pyrophosphate in the presence of magnesium ions as well as upon the addition of magnesium ions in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphate. The relation of the light-scattering change to the concentration of pyrophosphate in the presence of magnesium ions is found to be very close to that to the concentration of magnesium ions in the presence of pyrophosphate. It is therefore suggested that magnesium pyrophosphate combines with myosin B in the light-scattering change. The “apparent” binding constant of magnesium pyrophosphate with myosin B is found to be dependent on the concentration of myosin B. Discussion is presented of two possible schemes: a deformation scheme and a dissociation scheme. It is then suggested that combination of the two schemes can explain the effect of the concentration of myosin B on the “apparent” binding constant of magnesium pyrophosphate with myosin B.
2.8-um Er 3+ :YLiF 4 laser resonantly pumped at 970 nm

The 2.8-micrometers Er 3+ :YL F 4 I 11/2 yields 4 I 13/2 laser is shown to have higher efficiency for resonant pumping into the 970-nm absorption band than for the 800-nm pump band. The improved efficiency is due to the lower energy of the 970-nm pump radiation, and the avoidance of the self-quenching process 4 I 9/2 + 4 I 15/2 yields 4 I 13/2 + 4 I 13/2 which partially bypasses the upper laser state for 800-nm pumping. These advantages result from the direct pumping of the 4 I 11/2 upper laser state in the 970-nm pumping scheme.
Management of cancer pain.

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older companion animals. Pain secondary to cancer in animals should be promptly addressed to alleviate suffering and improve their quality of life. In human beings, it is estimated that 67% of cancer patients with metastatic disease suffer from pain and that 36% of these patients have severe pain that impairs their quality of life? Furthermore, 60% to 80% of terminally ill cancer patients suffer from pain.g, 41 Although exact figures in veterinary medicine are lacking, it can only be surmised that many animals afflicted with cancer suffer from pain to the same extent.
The WHO-5 Wellbeing Index performed the best in screening for depression in primary care.

Source Citation Henkel V, Mergl R, Kohnen R, et al. Identifying depression in primary care: a comparison of different methods in a prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2003;326:200-1. 12543837
Fluctuation of Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate-Binding Site Occupancy as an Index of Hormone-Dependent Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Formation in Bone Cells

We studied binding of [3H]cAMP to bone cell cytosol. Scatchard analysis of the data demonstrated specific binding (Kd = 5.9 ×10-8 M). In the basal state, 60% of total cAMP-binding sites were unoccupied. Incubation of cells with parathyroid hormone (PTH) or prostaglandin Ei (PGEi) led to the depletion of unoccupied binding sites by 50–80%. Maximal depletion was achieved at submaximal levels of cAMP and was more pronounced after PGE1 than after PTH treatment. In combination, PTH and PGE1 caused additive cAMP accumulation, but binding site depletion did not exceed that in response to PGE1 alone. During prolonged incubation, unoccupied binding site depletion mirrored changes in cAMP concentration, with peak effect at 10 min and return to basal conditions by 60 min. Subsequent elevation of cAMP led promptly to further depletion of unoccupied binding sites. Restoration of basal state levels was not impaired by cycloheximide. Changes in unoccupied binding sites were not accompanied by changes in total cAMP-bindi...
Chirps on finite cyclic groups

Chirps arise in many signal processing applications, and have been extensively studied, especially in the case where chirps are regarded as functions of the real-line or of the integers. However, less attention has been paid to study of chirps over finite cyclic groups. We discuss the basic properties of such chirps, including a way in which they may be used to construct finite tight frames.
A comparison of the Korean minorities in China and Japan.

Approximately 1.8 million Koreans are settled in China and some 700,000 Koreans are located in Japan. The Korean minorities in two neighboring Asian countries make an interesting contrast in adjust? ment and ethnicity. Whereas the Koreans in China have maintained high levels of ethnic autonomy and positive ethnic identity, the Korean Japanese have lost much of their cultural repertoire and have suffered from negative ethnic identity. This paper provides a comparative analysis, explaining why the Koreans in two countries have made the different adjustments. It focuses on the basic differences in minority policy between China and Japan, the difference in the context of migration, the existence or absence of a territorial base, and the differential levels of influence from Korea. This comparative analysis is theoretically valuable because it has demonstrated that the physical and cultural differences between the majority group and a minority group are not necessary conditions for prejudice and discrimination against the minority group.
Combining Independent Chi-Squared Tests

Abstract Classes of Bayes tests for combining n independent noncentral chi-squared statistics Ti ∼ x2 ki(θi) are derived, including the simple sum test based on Σ Ti , and are compared in power to the common “omnibus” procedures such as Fisher's based on II Pi , the product of the attained significance levels. Linear Bayes statistics Σ biTi with appropriate weights bi are found to yield more powerful tests against prespecified alternatives (θ1, …, θ n ) than weighted Fisher procedures advocated by others, provided each ki , > 2. Over the range of alternatives considered, the test based on II Pi minimizes the maximum shortcoming in power relative to the other tests studied when each ki ≥ 2, while the sum test has this property when each ki = 1.
Collision-induced dissociation of Ag (C6H6)+

Abstract Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of Ag (C 6 H 6 ) + is studied by using guided ion beam mass spectrometry. A flow tube source is used to produce thermalized silver benzene ions. Ag + is the only observed ionic product; no charge transfer product C 6 H + 6 is found, in contrast with previous photodissociation results. Careful analysis of the CID threshold yields a 0 K bond dissociation energy of D (Ag + −C 6 H 6 ) = 1.62 ± 0.07 eV (37.4 ± 1.7 kcal/mol). This value is compared with several literature values.
Low Energy Electron Microscopy

- We have designed and built a Low Energy Electron Microscope for surface and interface studies in Ultra High Vacuum. In this paper we present major features of the design, and some of our results on surfactant mediated Ge growth on Si(001).
Late Pleistocene mixing zone dolomitization, southeastern Barbados, West Indies

Field, geochemical, and petrographic data for late Pleistocene dolomites from southeastern Barbados suggest that the dolomite precipitated in the zone of mixing between a coastal meteoric phreatic lens and normal marine waters. The dolomite is localized in packstones and wackestones from the algalAmphistegina fore-reef calcarenite facies. Stable isotopic evidence suggests that meteoric water dominated the diagenetic fluids responsible for dolomitization. Carbon isotopes in pure dolomite phases average about -15%0 PDB. This light carbon is attributed to the influence of soil gas CO2, and precludes substantial mixing with seawater. A narrow range of oxygen isotopic compositions coupled with a wide range of carbon compositions attest to the meteoric diagenetic overprint. Dolomitization likely occurred with as little as a five per cent admixture of seawater. Strontium compositions of the dolomites indicate probable replacement dolomitization of original unstable mineralogy. The dolomite is characterized by low sodium values. Low concentrations of divalent manganese and iron suggest oxidizing conditions at the time of dolomitization. A sequence of petrographic features suggests a progression of diagenetic fluids from more marine to more meteoric. Early marine diagenesis was followed by replacement dolomitization of skeletal grains and matrix. Limpid, euhedral dolomite cements precipitated in primary intra- and interparticle porosity subsequent to replacement dolomitization. As waters became progressively less saline, dolomite cements alternated with thin bands of syntaxial calcite cement. The final diagenetic phase precipitated was a blocky calcite spar cement, representing diagenesis in a fresh-water lens. This sequence of diagenetic features arose as the result of a single fall in eustatic sea-level following deposition. A stratigraphic-eustatic-diagenetic model constrains both the timing and rate of dolomitization in southeastern Barbados. Dolomitization initiated as sea-level began to fall immediately following the oxygen isotope stage 7–3 high stand, some 216 000 yr bp. Due to the rapidity of late Pleistocene glacio-eustasy, dolomitization (locally complete) is constrained to have occurred within about 5000 yr.
Sirtuin catalysis and regulation.

Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases/deacylases that dynamically regulate transcription, metabolism, and cellular stress response. Their general positive link with improved health span in mammals, potential regulation of pathways mediated by caloric restriction, and growing links to human disease have spurred interest in therapeutics that target their functions. Here, we review the current understanding of the chemistry of catalysis, biological targets, and endogenous regulation of sirtuin activity. We discuss recent efforts to generate small-molecule regulators of sirtuin activity.
A Secular Increase in Child and Adolescent Onset Affective Disorder

Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies utilizing population and family study samples have found evidence for a secular increase in major affective disorders in adults. Applying techniques used in cross-sectional studies in adults to family study data of children and adolescents, the authors demonstrate evidence of a parallel secular increase for child and adolescent onset affective disorders. Normal and depressed prepubertal probands were identified. All full siblings were directly interviewed for lifetime episodes of affective disorder. Analysis of the siblings (probands not further analyzed in this article) by the Cox proportional hazards model demonstrates that the risk for affective disorder is higher in siblings born more recently.
Empirical efficiency and volume relationships for HPGe detectors

Abstract We have extended the empirical work of Vano et al.[1] relating the slope of the detector efficiency curve to the active volume for Ge detectors. The analysis was carried out using Monte Carlo techniques and covered a wide range of incident energies (200 keV-20 MeV) and active volumes (19.6 cm 3 –396 cm 3 ). It is shown that the expression of Vano et al.[1] is only valid over the energy range ∼200 keV-3 MeV for active volumes cm 3 . The upper bound decreases to ∼2 MeV for volumes of a few hundred cm 3 . The usable energy range can, however, be extended to 6 MeV by introducing higher order terms into the polynomial. Above this energy, the shape of the efficiency curve is better described by a non-linear function since linear forms fail simultaneously to fit large active volumes and high energies. We therefore propose a composite function which reduces to the form given in Vano et al. in the low energy/active volume limit. By comparison with the Monte Carlo results, it is estimated that relative efficiencies can be calculated to within ∼6% over the energy range 200 keV-20 MeV and active volumes 20 cm 3 –400 cm 3 . Since the largest errors occur for the smallest volumes, we recommend that for energies 3 and the proposed non-linear form for larger volumes. For high energy work ( E > 3 MeV), we advocate the non-linear form. In this way, average errors can be kept 3%. Finally, we point out that the real power of the expression of Vano et al. lies not in predicting efficiencies, but active volumes.
RECONFIGURABLE PARALLEL COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE BASED ON WAVELENGTH-DIVISION MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL INTERCONNECTION NETWORK

Reconfigurability is a desirable characteristic in parallel computer architecture that supports the structural parallelism inherent to multiple parallel algorithms. This paper presents a novel approach to achieve reconfigurability via a multiple-domain wavelength-division multiplexed optical interconnection network. A network structure is defined to host a set of point-to-point guest interconnection topologies. Fast complete reconfiguration takes place by re-labeling node identifiers and re-tuning receiver filters according to a local table at each node. For a network of size N, the connecting fiber complexity is O(N), the same order of the link complexities of the individual topologies. The proposed network avoids the possible edge dilation, congestion, and cumulative switching latencies associated with previously proposed approaches.
A New Mechanism for Neuronal Gain Control (or How the Gain in Brains Has Mainly Been Explained)

One of the more prosaic but necessary features of almost any information processing system is gain control. All such systems must have some way to adjust the relationship between input, which can vary dramatically depending on changes in the environment, and output, which is almost always required to remain within a limited range of amplitudes. While the volume control on a radio or the brightness control on a computer monitor are not the most exciting or highly touted features, imagine such devices without these forms of gain control. Many an engineer can attest to the large effort required to design automatic gain controls in telephones, cameras, and radio transmitters.
WHEN IS CUTTING CHAOTIC

An extended analysis of the cutting model analyzed by Grabec, a four dimensional non-linear dynamical system, shows that there is but one fixed point, which is unstable for reasonable values of damping. A calculation of the Lyapunov exponents and dimension shows that the model system is chaotic for a range of cutting forces, and non-chaotic otherwise. The Grabec model is discontinuous, and it was necessary to replace the discontinuities by sharply varying continuous functions in order to calculate the Lyapunov exponents.
Like talking on paper? The pragmatics of courtship and the eighteenth-century familiar letter

L'A. analyse les caracteristiques stylistiques de la correspondance epistolaire familiere et personnelle au 18 e siecle. Il considere son statut problematique en tant que genre litteraire, textuel, et en tant que registre ecrit de la langue orale. Il utlise la technique pragmatique de l'implicature pour rendre compte du sens en contexte. Les lettres analysees sont celle qu'echangerent Lady Mary Pierrepont et son mari Edward Wortley au cours de leurs fiancailles en 1710-1713