cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Racial differences in quality of life and employment outcomes in insured women with breast cancer.

Purpose Prior studies indicate that racial disparities are not only present in cancer survival, but also in the quality of cancer survivorship. We estimated the effect of cancer and its treatment on two measures of survivorship quality as follows: health-related quality of life and employment and hours worked for initially employed and insured women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.
Structural characterization of the pectic polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan-II

Abstract An octasaccharide was released from sycamore cell wall rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) by selective acid hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkages of apiosyl residues and purified to homogeneity by gel-permeation and high-performance anion-exchange chromatographies. The octasaccharide 1 contains a terminal nonreducing β- l -arabinofuranosyl residue linked to position 2 of the α- l -rhamnopyranosyl residue of the aceric acid-containing heptasaccharide 2 that had been previously isolated from RG-II [M.W. Spellman et al. Carbohydr. Res. , 122 (1983) 131–153]. Heptasaccharide 2 and octasaccharide 1 were found to be mono- or di- O -acetylated. The O -acetyl groups were located, by ESMSMS, on the terminal nonreducing 2-O- methyl-α- l -fucosyl residue and/or on the 2-linked β- l -acetyl acid residue. Octasaccharide 1 and heptasaccharide 2 have the following structures: Six other oligosaccharides related to 1 and 2 were also generated by the acid hydrolysis of RG-II, and their partial structures were determined. The backbone of RG-II was shown, using a combination of exo - and endo -polygalacturonase digestions and partial acid hydrolysis, to be composed of up to eleven linear 1,4-linked α- d -galactosyluronic acid residues. These results provide additional information about the structure of RG-II.
Association of defensin β-1 gene polymorphisms with asthma

Background Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that may take part in airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Objective We characterized the genetic diversity in the defensin β-1 (DEFB1) locus and tested for an association between common genetic variants and asthma diagnosis. Methods To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we resequenced this gene in 23 self-defined European Americans and 24 African Americans. To test whether DEFB1 genetic variants are associated with asthma, we genotyped 4 haplotype-tag SNPs in 517 asthmatic and 519 control samples from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and performed a case-control association analysis. To replicate these findings, we evaluated the DEFB1 polymorphisms in a second cohort from the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Results Within the NHS, single SNP testing suggested an association between asthma diagnosis and a 5′ genomic SNP (g.−1816 T>C; P =.025) and intronic SNP (IVS+692 G>A; P =.054). A significant association between haplotype (Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine [ACTA]) and asthma ( P =.024) was also identified. Associations between asthma diagnosis and both DEFB1 polymorphisms were observed in Childhood Asthma Management Program, a second cohort: g.−1816 T>C and IVS+692 G>A demonstrated significant transmission distortion ( P =.05 and .007, respectively). Transmission distortion was not observed in male subjects. The rare alleles (−1816C and +692A) were undertransmitted to offspring with asthma, suggesting a protective effect, contrary to the findings in the NHS cohort. Similar effects were evident at the haplotype level: ACTA was undertransmitted ( P =.04) and was more prominent in female subjects ( P =.007). Conclusion Variation in DEFB1 contributes to asthma diagnosis, with apparent gender-specific effects.
Reliable detection of bilateral activation in human primary somatosensory cortex by unilateral median nerve stimulation

In non-human primates, a bilateral representation of unilaterally presented somatosensory information can be found at the lowest level of cortical processing as indicated by the presence of neurons with bilateral receptive fields in the hand region of primary somatosensory (SI) cortex. In humans, such bilateral activation of SI is considered controversial due to highly variable detection rates for the much weaker ipsilateral response across different studies (ranging from 3% to 100%). Second-order blind identification (SOBI) is a blind source separation algorithm that has been successfully used to isolate neuronal signals from functionally distinct brain regions, including the left- and right-SI. SOBI-aided extraction of left- and right-SI responses to median nerve stimulation from high-density EEG has been previously validated against the fMRI and MEG literature. Here, we applied SOBI to EEG data and examined whether relatively weaker ipsilateral activations could be reliably detected across subjects. In single subject analysis, statistically significant somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in response to unilateral stimulation were detected from both SI contralateral to and SI ipsilateral to the side of stimulation. Furthermore, these ipsilateral responses were observed in both the left and right hemispheres of all 10 subjects studied. Together these results demonstrate that unilateral stimulation of the median nerve, whether applied to the left or right wrist, can activate both the left- and right-SI, raising the possibility that in humans, unilateral sensory input may be bilaterally represented at the lowest level of cortical processing.
CMS forward pixels geometry simulation

Abstract The large hadron collider (LHC) is being built at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) to produce collisions between protons and protons at an unprecedented energy of 14 TeV. Compact muon solenoid (CMS) is one the five detectors that will be placed on the 17-mile-long ring of the LHC to record data for physics analysis from these collisions. The forward pixel detector of CMS is an integral part of the tracking system, which would play a key role in addressing the full physics potential of the collected data. This note describes the development of geometry simulation for the forward pixel detector.
Optically driven photoconductive devices for power switching application. II. Thermal modelling including heat sink

The removal of heat generated in power devices using a heat sink is increasingly important for packaging and reliability, particularly for the photoconductive circuit element (PCE) which can conduct a large current when used as a high power switch. The paper presents a thermal model for estimating the relationship between the temperature in a p+-i-n+ PCE and the required geometry of the heat sink under steady-state dark and illuminated operations. The model is based on a one-dimensional heat-transfer analysis and relevant semiconductor device physics. Given the bias condition, the geometry and the material for the PCE, and the material for the heat sink, the model can predict the area of the heat sink needed for a desired temperature in the device. Calculations for different semiconductor thicknesses, different metals (aluminum and copper), different semiconductors (Si and GaAs), different applied voltages, different levels of optical excitation and different device operations (turn-on and turn-off operations) are illustrated.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM COMMERCIAL REACTOR SAFETY ANALYSIS

Achieving the objectives of the next steps in space exploration will require longer term missions. It appears that nuclear power may be the most viable op- tion for providing the power and propulsion needed to satisfy these requirements. As design conceptsinvolving nuclear power are developed for space missions, pru- dence requires a consideration of the historical perspec- tive provided by the commercial nuclear power generat- ing station industry. This would allow the aerospace industry to take advantage of relevant historical experi- ence, drawing from the best features and avoiding the pitfalls which appear to have stifled the growth of the commercial nuclear industry as a whole despite its com- paratively admirable safety performance record. This paper provides some history of the development of com- mercial nuclear plant designs, and discusses the lessons which have been learned (painfully, in some cases) and how they apply to thespacenuclear propulsion situation.
Key Agreement Algorithms for Vehicular Communication Networks Based on Reciprocity and Diversity Theorems

Creating secure communication channels in vehicular communication networks is an important topic that has not been well studied. A critical question is how to distribute secret keys between the communication partners. Vehicular networks typically include two different types of communication modes: vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) modes. In this paper, we propose two key agreement algorithms for V2V and V2I, respectively. The first algorithm allows two legitimate users (vehicles) to derive a common secret key through an information-theoretic manner. The second algorithm uses the channel diversity property to generate a secret key between a central server and the individual user. Through evaluation, we show that the proposed V2V key agreement algorithm achieves strong information-theoretic security with a secret bit generation rate much faster than previous work. Numerical analysis also shows that the proposed V2I key agreement scheme can prevent attacks from an adversary with high probability, even if it has a large number of eavesdroppers following the target user.
Hierarchical subspace sampling: a unified framework for high dimensional data reduction, selectivity estimation and nearest neighbor search

With the increased abilities for automated data collection made possible by modern technology, the typical sizes of data collections have continued to grow in recent years. In such cases, it may be desirable to store the data in a reduced format in order to improve the storage, transfer time, and processing requirements on the data. One of the challenges of designing effective data compression techniques is to be able to preserve the ability to use the reduced format directly for a wide range of database and data mining applications. In this paper, we propose the novel idea of hierarchical subspace sampling in order to create a reduced representation of the data. The method is naturally able to estimate the local implicit dimensionalities of each point very effectively, and thereby create a variable dimensionality reduced representation of the data. Such a technique has the advantage that it is very adaptive about adjusting its representation depending upon the behavior of the immediate locality of a data point. An interesting property of the subspace sampling technique is that unlike all other data reduction techniques, the overall efficiency of compression improves with increasing database size. This is a highly desirable property for any data reduction system since the problem itself is motivated by the large size of data sets. Because of its sampling approach, the procedure is extremely fast and scales linearly both with data set size and dimensionality. Furthermore, the subspace sampling technique is able to reveal important local subspace characteristics of high dimensional data which can be harnessed for effective solutions to problems such as selectivity estimation and approximate nearest neighbor search.
Development of preservice teachers' ability to critique and adapt inquiry-based instructional materials

Current standards emphasize student engagement with inquiry practices. However, implementing inquiry instruction is a formidable challenge for teachers as they often lack models for using and adapting inquiry-based instructional materials. Teacher education programs can provide scaffolded contexts for developing teachers’ ability to critique, adapt, and design inquiry-based materials. We describe a qualitative study of 17 preservice teachers enrolled in two consecutive science methods courses. The study characterizes the development of preservice teachers’ ability to critique and revise instructional materials. Our findings suggest that teachers improved in their ability to critique lesson plans and to suggest revisions that would make them more inquiry oriented. In particular, the teachers’ critiques and revisions increased in sophistication after engaging in instructional design activities during the second methods course.
Tisseel utilized as hemostatic in spine surgery impacts time to drain removal and length of stay.

Background Although fibrin sealants (FSs) and fibrin glues (FGs) are predominantly utilized to strengthen repairs of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas (deliberate/traumatic) during spinal surgery, they are also increasingly utilized to achieve hemostasis. Here, we investigated whether adding Tisseel (Baxter International Inc., Westlake Village, CA, USA), utilized to address increased bleeding during multilevel lumbar laminectomies with non-instrumented fusions, would reduce or equalize the time to drain removal and length of stay (LOS) without contributing to infections or prolonging time to fusion. Methods Prospectively, 39 patients underwent multilevel laminectomies and 1-2 level non-instrumented (in situ) fusions to address stenosis/olisthesis; 22 who demonstrated increased intraoperative bleeding received Tisseel, while 17 without such bleeding did not. Results The 22 receiving versus 17 not receiving Tisseel, with similar clinical parameters, underwent comparable average multilevel laminectomies (4.36 and 4.25) and 1-2 level fusions (1.4 vs. 1.29 levels). As anticipated, for those receiving Tisseel, the average intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL), total postoperative blood loss, and total perioperative transfusion requirements [red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), platelets] were higher. However, Tisseel had the added benefit of equalizing the time to postoperative drain removal [e.g. 3.41 days (with) vs. 3.38 days (without)] and LOS [e.g. 5.86 days (with) vs. 5.82 days (without)] without increasing the infection rates (e.g. one superficial infection per group) or average times to fusion (e.g. 5.9 vs. 5.5 months). Conclusions Adding Tisseel for increased bleeding during multilevel laminectomies/in situ fusions contributed to hemostasis by equalizing the average times to drain removal/LOS compared to patients without increased bleeding and not requiring Tisseel.
Inexpensive, Low-Rate High-Speed Videography

High-speed videography (HSV) at 60 frames-per-second (FPS) has since the earliest systems been an attractive goal. Vast numbers of information gathering and motion analysis problems lend themselves to solution at this rate. Seemingly suitable equipment to implement inexpensive systems has been available off-the-shelf. However, technical problems, complexity and economic factors have pushed development toward higher frame rate systems. The application of new technology recently has combined with a shift of the perceived needs of mass (security and consumer) markets to make available the components for truly inexpensive, high-performance 60 FPS HSV systems. Cameras employing solid-state sensors having electronic shuttering built into the chip architecture are widely available. They provide a simple solution to the temporal resolution problem which formerly required synched/phased mechanical shutters, or synchronized strobe illumination. More recently, the crucial need for standard-format (such as VHS) videocorders capable of field sequential playback in stopped- or in slow-motion has been satisfied. The low cost of effective 60 FPS systems will likely be an incentive for a dramatic increase in the general awareness of the power of HSV as a problem-solving tool. A "trickle-up" effect will be to substantially increase the demand for higher performance systems where their characteristics are appropriate.
Raman spectra of KCl1−x Brx mixed crystals

Abstract The Raman spectra of KCl 1− x Br x have been observed for various values of x . The spectra have been interpreted primarily in terms of two-phonon processes at critical points in the Brillouin zone, and are consistent with the one-mode behaviour expected for this mixed crystal system.
Modification of the magnetoconductance of a two-dimensional electron gas by altering the boundary conditions in the third dimension

Abstract Substrate bias can be used as a powerful diagnostic tool for studying the magneto-transport in an inversion layer. One can accurately determine the mobile carrier threshold by such a study. Marked changes in the mobility occur with increasing confinement to the surface; a decrease for high electrons densities and an increase for low electron densities. The former was expected while the latter was not.
Making silicon nitride film a viable gate dielectric

To extend the scaling limit of thermal SiO/sub 2/ in the ultrathin regime when the direct tunneling current becomes significant, members of this author's research team at Yale University, in collaboration with the Jet Process Corporation, embarked on a program to explore the potential of silicon nitride as an alternative gate dielectric. In this paper, high-quality silicon nitride (or oxynitride) films made by a novel jet vapor deposition (JVD) technique are described. The JVD process utilizes a high-speed jet of light carrier gas to transport the depositing species onto the substrate to form the desired films. The film composition has been determined to consist primarily of Si and N, with some amounts of O and H. Metal-nitride-Si (MNS) capacitors based on the JVD nitride films deposited directly on Si exhibit relatively low densities of interface traps, fixed charge, and bulk traps. The interface traps at the nitride/Si interface exhibit different properties from those at the SiO/sub 2//Si interface in several aspects. In contrast to the conventional CVD silicon nitride, the high-field I-V characteristics of the JVD silicon nitride fit the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling theory over four to five orders of magnitude in current, but do not fit at all the Frenkel-Poole (F-P) transport theory. This is consistent with the much lower concentration of electronic traps in the JVD silicon nitride. Results from the carrier separation experiment indicate that electron current dominates the gate current with very little hole contribution. Both theoretical calculation and experimental data indicate that the gate leakage current in JVD silicon nitride is significantly lower than that in silicon dioxide of the same equivalent oxide thickness. The breakdown characteristics of the JVD nitride are also respectable. Compared to their MOSFET counterparts, MNS transistors exhibit reduced low-field transconductance but enhanced high-field transconductance, perhaps due to the presence of border traps. As expected, the JVD silicon nitride films exhibit very strong resistance to boron penetration and oxidation at high temperatures. These properties, coupled with its room-temperature deposition process, make JVD silicon nitride an attractive candidate to succeed thermal SiO/sub 2/ as an advanced gate dielectric in future generations of ULSI devices.
Water activity and food polymer science: Implications of state on Arrhenius and WLF models in predicting shelf life

Abstract The effect of water activity on chemical reactions which are important to food stability has been studied extensively. Glass transition theory considers the effect of the state of a system on reactions and is a relatively new approach for understanding the stability of foods. The role of water in chemical reaction rates is examined based on these two approaches. The Arrhenius model has traditionally been used to describe the temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates. An approach developed by Williams, Landel and Ferry may also be applicable for describing the temperature dependence of chemical reactions within some food systems. These two approaches are examined, with emphasis on the applicability and application of each approach.
Perceptions and Willingness to Adopt Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point Practices among Goat Producers

The major food safety issue confronting federal policymakers is to ensure that consumers can purchase foods acceptably free of microbial contaminants and hazardous chemicals. While these concerns are not new, added dimensions to the problem continually challenge regulators. In most cases, control at the farm level may provide the most cost-effective means of eliminating the pathogens or problems of animal origin. Focusing on the goat industry, this research examines whether goat producers are willing to voluntarily adopt Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) practices. Results reveal a diversified set of preferences, with more than half of the respondents indicating willingness to adopt HACCP practices.
Ethane oxidative dehydrogenation pathways on vanadium oxide catalysts

Kinetic and isotopic tracer and exchange measurements were used to determine the identity and reversibility of elementary steps involved in ethane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) on VOx/Al2O3 and VOx/ZrO2. C2H6−C2D6−O2 and C2H6−D2O−O2 react to form alkenes and COx without concurrent formation of C2H6-xDx or C2H4-xDx isotopomers, suggesting that C−H bond cleavage in ethane and ethene is an irreversible and kinetically relevant step in ODH and combustion reactions. Primary ethane ODH reactions show normal kinetic isotopic effects (kC-H/kC-D = 2.4); similar values were measured for ethane and ethene combustion (1.9 and 2.8, respectively). 16O2−18O2−C2H6 reactions on supported V16Ox domains led to the initial appearance of 16O from the lattice in H2O, CO, and CO2, consistent with the involvement of lattice oxygen in C−H bond activation steps. Isotopic contents are similar in H2O, CO, and CO2, suggesting that ODH and combustion reactions use similar lattice oxygen sites. No 16O18O isotopomers were detected dur...
Mathematical Modeling of Control Systems Based on Output Feedback Decoupling, Curve Fitting and Spline Interpolation

In this paper, based on the output feedback decoupling, curve fitting and spline interpolation method, a mathematical model is presented for nonlinear dynamical system wherein only system inputs and outputs are known.
Vascular α-adrenoceptor affinity variation is not due to varying populations of subtypes distinguished by WB 4101 and chlorethylclonidine

Abstract Interaction with chlorethylclonidine has been used to subdivide populations of α 1 -adrenoceptors in some tissues. WB 4101 can distinguish high and low affinity states of the receptor. The present study was carried out to determine if different populations or affinity states of α 1 -adrenoceptors distinguished by either of these compounds, could explain the variation in α 1 -adrenoceptor agonist affinity found amongst rabbit arteries. Five arteries were studied whose affinity for noradrenaline vary between 4.8 and 6.4. These were the thoracic aorta, renal, superior mesenteric, ear and ovarian arteries. WB 4101 was found to be equally effective in antagonizing noradrenaline on all arteries. Chlorethylclonidine caused a 20-fold rightward shift of the noradrenaline dose-contraction curve in the thoracic aorta; but had little or no effect on the other vessels. Thus, the combination of different proportionsof subsets of α 1 -adrenoceptors distinguished by WB 4101 or chlorethylclonidine does not explain the variation in α 1 -adrenoceptor affinity found in these rabbit arteries.
Isolation of antiplasmodial anthraquinones from Kniphofia ensifolia, and synthesis and structure-activity relationships of related compounds.

Abstract Bioassay-guided separation of the South African plant Kniphofia ensifolia for antiplasmodial activity led to the isolation of two new anthraquinones, named kniphofiones A and B (3 and 4), together with three known bioactive anthraquinone monomers (1, 2 and 5), and four known bisanthraquinones (6–9). The structures of the two new compounds were elucidated based on analyses of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra and mass spectrometric data. The dimeric compounds 6 and 7 displayed the strongest antiplasmodial activity among all the isolated compounds, with IC50 values of 0.4 ± 0.1 and 0.2 ± 0.1 μM, respectively. The two new compounds displayed modest activities, with IC50 values of 26 ± 4 and 9 ± 1 μM, respectively. Due to the synthetic accessibility of the new compounds and the increased activity shown by the dimeric compounds, a structure–activity relationship study was conducted. As a result, one analogue of kniphofione B (4), the caffeic acid derivative of aloe-emodin, was found to have the highest activity among all the aloe-emodin derivatives, with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM.
Neither Hayek nor Habermas

The rise of the blogosphere raises important questions about the elicitation and aggregation of information, and about democracy itself. Do blogs allow people to check information and correct errors? Can we understand the blogosphere as operating as a kind of marketplace for information along Hayekian terms? Or is it a vast public meeting of the kind that Jurgen Habermas describes? In this article, I argue that the blogosphere cannot be understood as a Hayekian means for gathering dispersed knowledge because it lacks any equivalent of the price system. I also argue that forces of polarization characterize the blogosphere as they do other social interactions, making it an unlikely venue for Habermasian deliberation, and perhaps leading to the creation of information cocoons. I conclude by briefly canvassing partial responses to the problem of polarization.
LACK OF EPIDURAL PRESSURE CHANGE WITH NECK FLEXION IN A PATIENT WITH HIRAYAMA DISEASE: CASE REPORT

Objective Hirayama disease is a nonprogressive cervical myelopathy associated with epidural venous engorgement and spinal canal narrowing. It has been unclear whether dural venous pressure influences spinal cord injury in this illness. Clinical presentation An 18-year-old man presented with profound hand weakness and atrophy that had developed over a period of 1 year. Electromyographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiographic findings are presented. Intervention The epidural space was accessed using a microcatheter technique. Pressure measurements were recorded with and without Valsalva maneuver in the inferior vena cava, vertebral veins, and epidural space at C4 and C6 in both the flexion and neutral positions. Cervical epidural venous pressure measurements in flexion and neutral positions are presented. The patient underwent duraplasty with C4 to T1 laminectomies and fusion using lateral mass screws and facet arthrodeses. Conclusion Lack of significant pressure change with neck flexion suggested that dural venous engorgement is passive and not the direct cause for spinal cord injury. Data presented herein and review of the literature suggest that surgical treatment targeting the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in Hirayama disease can benefit patients, especially early in the course of the disease.
Site-specific DNA photocleavage by rhodium intercalators analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

The DNA photocleavage reaction of mismatch-selective Rh complexes has been analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as well as gel electrophoresis analysis of radioactively tagged oligonucleotides. Analogous results are obtained with these two techniques showing site-specific cleavage neighboring the mismatch to yield primarily 5‘- and 3‘-phosphate termini. Additional intermediates and products are observed, however, using MALDI-TOF analysis. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is seen to be particularly powerful in the analysis of DNA cleavage by site-specific molecules. The method requires no radioactive labeling, only little material, and analysis can be accomplished within minutes. Moreover, this mass spectral analysis of DNA cleavage yields direct information regarding products rather than simply the base pair site of cleavage.
Towards an Etiology of Drug Trafficking and Insurgent Relations: The Phenomenon of Narco-Terrorism

(1989). Towards an Etiology of Drug Trafficking and Insurgent Relations: The Phenomenon of Narco-Terrorism. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 61-75.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Lead and Zinc Speciation in a Contaminated Groundwater Aquifer

The formation of insoluble metal sulfides in the environment may reduce the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metal contaminants and potentially eliminate the need for ex situ remediation of certain hazardous waste sites. To assist in assessing remediation strategies for the Bypass 601 Superfund site, groundwater aquifer samples were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine whether lead and zinc sulfides were dominant mineral phases. Moist aquifer solids contained between 150 and 1800 mg of Pb/kg and between 100 and 250 mg of Zn/kg. Lead sulfide was not dominant in any of the samples analyzed, including one sample collected from a well in a flood plain that contained 70% of zinc bonded to sulfur, probably as ZnS. This portion of the aquifer had apparently been under reducing conditions. In all other samples, first-shell bonding of Pb and Zn was predominantly to oxygen. Data indicated that PbO, PbCO3, PbSO4, and ZnO were not dominant metal species. The XAS analyses sh...
The use of planarians to dissect the molecular basis of metazoan regeneration

Freshwater planarians possess remarkable regenerative abilities that make them one of the classic model organisms for the study of regeneration. These free-living members of the phylum Platyhelminthes are representatives of the simplest triploblastic organisms possessing bilateral symmetry and cephalization. Furthermore, planarians occupy an important position in the evolution of Metazoa, which allows for the possibility of vertically integrating molecular studies of regeneration in this organism to other, more widely studied animal model systems. Because of their relative simplicity, developmental plasticity, and evolutionary position, planarians are an attractive system to dissect the molecular processes underlying regeneration. The objective of this article is to present a molecular strategy to identify and functionally manipulate genes involved in the process of blastema-derived regeneration. Ultimately, the genes identified in planarians and their interactions during regeneration will define a series of useful molecular templates that may help unravel the more complex epigenetic processes of vertebrate regeneration and may perhaps uncover the factors that make regeneration permissive in some, but not all, metazoans.
Biotinylated Biodegradable Nanotemplated Hydrogel Networks for Cell Interactive Applications

We describe the synthesis of a novel biotinylated nanotextured degradable hydrogel that can be rapidly surface engineered with a diverse range of biotinylated moieties. The hydrogel is synthesized by reacting methacrylated biotin-PEG with dimethacrylated P LA-b- PEG-b-P LA (LPLDMA, PEG = poly(ethylene glycol), PLA = poly(lactic acid)),or dimethacrylated PEG-b-P LA-b- PEG (PLPDMA). Methacrylated biotin-PEG is prepared by reacting biotin-PEG-OH with methacrylic anhydride. Biotin-PEG-OH is prepared by reacting alpha-hydroxy-omega-amine PEG with N-hydroxysuccinimide-biotin. Confirmation of the final product is determined using (1)H NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The integrity and surface presentation of the biotin units is observed spectrophotometrically using the HABA/avidin assay. To produce nanostructured polymer topography, a self-assembling lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophase is used as a polymerization template, generating biotinylated hydrogels with highly organized lamellar matrix geometry. Traditionally processed isotropic hydrogels are used for comparison. Scanning electron microscopy shows that isotropic hydrogels have a smooth glassy appearance while lamellar templated hydrogels have defined surface topographical features that enhance preosteoblast human palatal mesenchymal cell (HEPM) attachment. Engineering the surfaces of the hydrogels with cell adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide sequences using the biotin-avidin interaction significantly enhances cell attachment. Surface engineering of cell adhesive peptides in conjunction with the lamellar template induced surface topography generates additive enhancements in cell attachment.
Zoom endoscopic monitoring of small bowel allograft rejection

Background The small bowel has been successfully transplanted in patients with irreversible intestinal failure. This report aims to describe endoscopic monitoring of small bowel rejection.
Pharmacologic Management of Acute Pediatric Pain

The accurate assessment and effective treatment of acute pain in children in the hospital setting is a high priority. During the past 2 to 3 decades, pediatric pain management has gained tremendous knowledge with respect to the understanding of developmental neurobiology, developmental pharmacology the use of analgesics in children, the use of regional techniques in children, and of the psychological needs of children in pain. A wide range of medications is available to treat a variety of pain types. This article provides an overview of the most common analgesic medications and techniques used to treat acute pain in children.
Imaging of a targeted PDT drug with fluorescence tomography

We constructed a whole-body fluorescence tomography instrument to monitor novel bifunctional phototherapeutic drugs (e.g., HPPH-Cyanine dye conjugate) in small animals. The instrument allows dense source and detector sampling with a fast galvo scanner and a CCD detector for improved resolution and sensitivity (Patwardhan et al., 2005). Here we report tissue phantom measurements to evaluate the imaging performance with a newly constructed tomography instrument. Phantom measurements showed that strong fluorescence generated by HPPH-Cyanine dye (HPPH-CD), having high fluorescence quantum yield and long wavelength fluorescence emission, allowed deep tissue imaging. We also report in vivo fluorescence measurements of the conjugate in Nude mice bearing A549 human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) tumors at 24 hr post injection to evaluate tumor detection ability of the conjugate. Our results indicate that the HPPH-CD shows preferential uptake in tumors compared to surrounding normal tissue at 24 hr post injection. This study demonstrates a potential use of HPPH-CD in detection (fluorescence imaging) and treatment (PDT) of deeply seated tumors.
Exploring the utility of the stages of change model to promote natural shorelines

Abstract Increased residential development around lakeshores in the Upper Midwest is associated with reduced wildlife habitat, lower biodiversity, and degraded water quality. Subsequently, it is important to identify strategies that encourage property owners to adopt more natural shorelines. One potential framework for understanding property owners’ attitudes and intent toward adopting natural shorelines is the Stages of Change Model (SCM). The model suggests people will be differentially ready to adopt a new behavior based on their respective knowledge, beliefs, and motivations and will move through a progression of stages before adopting a new practice. The specific stages include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse. The purpose of this study was to examine whether stages specified by the SCM may be useful in identifying lakeshore property owners’ attitudes and intent toward adopting more natural shorelines. Surveys were mailed to 212 property owners on 2 lakes...
Ventilation during rest and exercise in pregnancy and postpartum

The expiratory minute volume (Ve), respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), carbon dioxide production (Vco2), and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (FETCO2) and pressure (PETCO2) were measured at monthly intervals in 12 normal women during pregnancy and two, six and 12 weeks, and six months postpartum. At eacy study, measurements were made sitting at rest and during steady-state exercise at 306 kpm/min on a bicycle ergometer. During pregnancy, a significant increase in VE occurred, both at rest and during exercise, due to a significantly greater VT. Although VCO2 was significantly increased at rest throughout pregnancy and with exercise in late pregnancy, the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was not significantly altered during pregnancy. The FETCO2 was lower during pregnancy than postpartum, both at rest and during exercise. The ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VE/VO2) was greater at rest near term and during exercise throughout pregnancy. However, resting physiologic dead space increased during pregnancy. Alveolar ventilation (VA) was calculated on the basis of three alternative assumptions: (1) that PETCO2 during exercise accurately reflects mean alveolar PCO2; (2) that the physiological dead space does not change during exercise; and (3) that mean alveolar PCO2 does not change from rest to exercise. Exercise VA, calculated on the basis of any of these three assumptions, is greater during pregnancy than postpartum.
Flexible refinement of protein-ligand docking on manifolds

Our work is motivated by energy minimization of biological macromolecules, an essential step in computational docking. By allowing some ligand flexibility, we generalize a recently introduced novel representation of rigid body minimization as an optimization on the SO(3)×ℝ3 manifold, rather than on the commonly used Special Euclidean group SE(3). We show that the resulting flexible docking can also be formulated as an optimization on a Lie group that is the direct product of simpler Lie groups for which geodesics and exponential maps can be easily obtained. Our computational results for a local optimization algorithm developed based on this formulation show that it is about an order of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art local minimization algorithms for computational protein-small molecule docking.
The Value of Children to Young and Elderly Parents

A sample of elderly parents in the state of Florida was contrasted with a national sample of parents in their childbearing years with respect to the satisfactions and dissatisfactions of having children. For both groups, children were most commonly seen as satisfying the needs for love and companionship and fun and stimulation. The Older group was more likely than the younger to report that children fill economic-utility needs. The older group was also more likely to indicate that there were no disadvantages to having children, and they were less likely to specifically mention disadvantages such as restrictions on freedom or financial costs. This study found that elderly parents are actually more likely to be giving financial help to their children than receiving it, and that contact with children was frequent despite geographical barriers.
Transition metal moment collapse in gadolinium-transition metal laves phase intermetallics

Abstract The cobalt moment in the cubic Laves phase ternary Gd(Co 1− x Ni x ) 2 appears to be critically dependent on the number and type of its first nearest neighbors. The Jaccarino-Walker model of moment collapse can be applied to explain the composition dependence of the Co moment in this system and the absence of a Ni moment in the isomorphic ferromagnet, GdNi 2 .
Facilitation of learned resistance to audiogenic seizures in Balb-cCrgl mice by d-LSD-25.

ALTHOUGH conditioning techniques applied to electrophysiological behaviour are presently being used in behaviour therapy for human epilepsy1,2, complete cure is still a hope of the future. Extensive reports indicate that minute amounts of d-lysergic acid diethyl amide (d-LSD-25) could be used to assist current biofeedback training and other therapies used to effect change in the EEG and seizure susceptibility of epileptics3 and we note many studies of the facilitation effect of small doses of d-LSD-25 on learning and memory4–13.
Reader strategies: variability and error- methodology, findings, and health policy implications from a study of the U.S. population of mammographers

Each year, approximately 60% of all US women over the age of 40 utilize mammography. Through the matrix of an imaging technology, this Population of Patients (POP) interacts with a population of approximately 20,000 physicians who interpret mammograms in the US. This latter Population of Diagnosticians (POD) operationally serves as the interface between an image-centric healthcare technology system and patient. Methods: using data collected from a large POD and POP based study, I evaluate the distribution of several ROC curve-related parameters in the POD and explore the health policy implications of a population ROC curve for mammography. Results and Conclusions: Principal Components Analysis suggests that two Binormal parameters are sufficient to explain variation in the POD and implies that the Binormal model is foundational to Health Policy Research in Mammography. A population ROC curve based on percentiles of the POD can be used to set targets to achieve national health policy goals. Medical Image Perception science provides the framework. Alternatively, a restrictive policy can be envisioned using performance criteria based on area. However, the data suggests this sort of policy would be too costly in terms of reduced healthcare service capacity in the US in the face of burgeoning demands.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Contributions of the Ohio State Studies to the Field of Leadership

The Ohio State Leadership Studies have contributed in general to the fields of management and organizational behavior, and specifically to the field of leadership. These contributions can be summarized in several categories. Process contributions include the use of an interdisciplinary approach to the study of leadership phenomena as well as a consistent emphasis on performing high-quality research. Conceptually, the Ohio State studies helped to shift the focus of the field from a universal trait approach to a more situational, behavioral-based view. Methodologically, the Ohio State studies contributed a model of programmatic construct validation and investigation, and provided future researchers with useful research instruments. In sum, these contributions are substantial and are worthy of continued recognition.
Geochemical and petrological characterization of ash samples from cascade range volcanoes

Abstract Twenty-nine samples of volcanic ash from the Pacific Northwest were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation techniques, with the aim of distinguishing among ashes from different sources. Preliminary results of petrographic studies of 42 ash or pumice samples are also reported. Geochemical characteristics of Mazama ash are defined, and problems induced by winnowing of crystalline material during transport and by weathering are discussed. Contents of La, Th, and Co, and La Yb ratios are shown to be good discriminants. Data on refractive indices and on proportions of crystalline materials also aid in distinguishing among the various volcanic ashes studied. Ash and pumice found in archaeological contexts at Fort Rock Cave, Paisley Cave, Wildcat Canyon, and Hobo Cave are all from Mount Mazama, presumably from the culminating cruption of 7000 years ago.
Long-term followup of metastatic prostate cancer.

Androgen ablation alleviates symptoms in 80% to 90% of patients with advanced prostate cancer, and may lead to objective responses in soft tissue and bone. Although therapy may modestly prolong survival, it is palliative with little curative potential. Patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy typically have progression to androgen independent disease after a mean of 18 months. Survival after the development of androgen independent disease is usually less than 2 years.1 We report on a patient surviving 27 years after presenting with metastatic prostate cancer. CASE REPORT A 45-year-old man presented with palpable supraclavicular lymph nodes in 1976. An excisional biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma strongly suggestive of prostatic origin. Digital rectal examination was normal but needle biopsy of the prostate showed Gleason 5 adenocarcinoma in all cores. The prostatic fraction of acid phosphatase was 10 international units (0 to 4.0). A bone scan demonstrated multiple blastic lesions in the occipital bone, ribs, lumbar spine and pelvis. The patient was subsequently started on diethylstilbestrol (DES) hormone therapy and remained clinically stable for 1 year. However, a repeat bone scan revealed evidence of progression. Therefore, he was treated with a 10-month course of adriamycin-lomustine chemotherapy. The patient was maintained on DES and had no evidence of clinical progression. Once prostate specific antigen (PSA) became available, his level was found to be less than 0.3 on first testing in September 1988. The patient was switched to leuprolide acetate in 1997 due to difficulty in obtaining DES. He remained asymptomatic with an undetectable PSA until 2000, when PSA value was measured at 1.9 ng/ml. A monoclonal antibody scan showed disease in the prostatic bed, and anterior to L5 and S1. Computerized tomography demonstrated several small suspicious areas in the lumbar spine. However, the bone scan was negative. Due to evidence of biochemical and possible clinical progression, bicalutamide was added to the regimen.
TU-F-12A-02: Quantitative Characterization of Normal Bone Marrow Proliferative Activity with FLT PET/CT

Purpose: [F-18]FLT PET is a tool for assessing health of bone marrow by evaluating its proliferative activity. This study establishes a baseline quantitative characterization of healthy marrow proliferation to aid in diagnosis of hematological disease. Methods: 31 patients (20 male, 11 female, 41–76 years) being treated for solid cancers with no history of hematological disease, osseous metastatic disease, or radiation therapy received pre-treatment FLT PET/CT scans. Total bone marrow was isolated from whole body FLT PET images by manually removing organs and applying a standardize uptake value (SUV) threshold of 1.0. Because adult marrow is concentrated in the axial skeleton, quantitative total bone marrow analysis (QTBMA) was used to isolate marrow in the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, sacrum, and pelvis for analysis. SUV mean , SUV max , and SUV CV were used to quantify bone marrow proliferation. Correlations were explored between SUV and patient characteristics including age, weight, height, and BMI using the Spearman coefficient (ρ). Results: The population-averaged whole-skeleton SUV mean , SUV max , and SUV CV were 3.0±0.6, 18.4±5.7, and 0.6±0.1, respectively. Uptake values in the axial skeleton were similar to the whole-skeleton demonstrated by SUV mean in the thoracic spine (3.6±0.6), lumbar spine (3.3±0.5), sacrum (3.0±0.6), and pelvis regions (2.8±0.5). Whole-skeleton SUV max correlated with patient weight (ρ=0.47, p<0.01) and BMI (ρ=0.60, p<0.01), suggesting marrow activity is related to the body's burden. SUV measures in the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, and pelvis were negatively correlated with age (ρ:−0.41 to −0.46, p≤0.02). These negative correlations reflect the fact that active marrow in the adult skeleton is localized in the axial skeleton and decreases with age. Conclusions: Normal bone marrow characterizations were determined using FLT PET. These results provide a baseline characterization against which proliferative activity of abnormal marrow can be compared.