cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dentin bonding system. Part I: Literature review

Currently, clinicians face choices of restoration including amalgams (mercury-based, gallium-based alloys, or mercury-free silver-based substitutes), composite resins, ceramics, and gold alloy. In order to choose an appropriate restorative material, many parameters are involved; they include preparation time requirements, finishing and polishing, marginal integrity, anatomy and contours, chipping and fracture, sensitivity, microleakage, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. It is generally believed that amalgams are still evaluated as the best of all restorative materials as far as the aforementioned parameters are concerned. It is claimed that the amalgams exhibit in the range of 10 to 25 service years, while the composite resin exhibits ranging between 7 and 11 service years. When a composite resin requires a mass large enough for indirect fabrication, a bonding system is demanded with which this restoration should form an instantaneous, impervious, and stable bond to the tooth structure. Roughly a quarter century has passed since the research and development of a promising dentin bonding system was initiated. We are now in the fifth generation of the dentin bonding system, during the research and development of which various types of bonding agents as well as bonding models have been introduced. In this article, the history of development of the bonding agents and the understanding of the bonding mechanism will be reviewed.
Unobtrusive Technology for In-Home Monitoring: Preliminary Results on Fall Detection

In-home monitoring technologies deployed in personal living spaces are increasingly used for the assessment of health status in older adults, through the measurement of relevant at-tributes ranging from vital parameters to activities and behaviors including mobility, gait velocity, movements in bed, and so on. Several studies agree that unobtrusive monitoring (with the exception of video-recording) is generally well accepted by older adults, especially if non-intrusive technologies are adopted (e.g., not need to wear any device) which do not interfere with daily life (e.g., not need to learn new technical skills, no change in routines, etc.). In order to address the problem of in-home automatic fall detection by continuous unobtrusive monitoring, this study investigates the use of a promising ambient technology, that is the ultra-wideband (UWB) radar sensing, which provides rich information but outside the human sensory capabilities (i.e., not directly usable for obtaining privacy-sensitive information) and thus well acceptable by end-users. Moreover, the problem of performance under real-life conditions has been addressed by suggesting an unsupervised approach not requiring fall-based training but only a subject-specific calibration phase based on observation of daily activities. Preliminary results are very encouraging, showing the effectiveness to achieve good detection performance under real-life conditions through unobtrusive monitoring.
XDBrowser 2.0: Semi-Automatic Generation of Cross-Device Interfaces

Several recent studies have highlighted the need to support parallel usage of multiple devices for cross-device use. Yet, most interfaces today are still designed for single-device use and require re-authoring to enable cross-device interaction. This paper presents two studies to inform the design of a new web browser with support for semi-automatic generation of cross-device interfaces. Based on the results of a recent study in which users manually customized web pages for cross-device use, our first study elicits from users how they might want to trigger popular cross-device patterns to transform single-device designs with relatively little effort. Our second study then examines how the emerging design patterns could be applied to the Alexa top 50 sites from 10 different genres. Based on these studies, we design semi-automatic techniques for page segmentation and distribution between multiple devices that can work on many existing web sites and require only minimal user input to switch between different cross-device designs. Finally, we discuss possible extensions to the Chrome web browser to make the techniques available for a wide range of desktop, mobile, and wearable devices, and successfully test them on popular web sites.
On the Role of Sequential Circuits in Stochastic Computing

Interest in stochastic computing (SC) has been growing due to the need for low-cost circuitry in areas like image processing and machine learning. While combinational stochastic circuits are relatively easy to design, their limitations such as having few implementable functions and inaccuracies due to correlation, call for sequential components and design methods. The theory underlying sequential stochastic circuits is not fully understood, however. Almost all existing sequential SC circuits fall into the up/down-counter-based (UCB) class. In this paper, we identify and investigate a new SC circuit class: shift-register-based (SRB). We focus on the properties of SRB circuits and demonstrate their central role in stochastic computing. This leads to an algorithm MOUSE for sequential design optimization. By exploiting sequential stochastic equivalence, MOUSE can reduce SRB circuit cost without compromising performance or accuracy.
Diagnostics for neonatal sepsis: current approaches and future directions

Progress has been made in the reduction of morbidity and mortality from neonatal sepsis. However, diagnosis continues to rely primarily on conventional microbiologic techniques, which can be inaccurate. The objective of this review is to provide the clinician with an overview of the current information available on diagnosing this condition. We review currently available diagnostic approaches for documenting neonatal sepsis and also describe novel approaches for diagnosing infection in neonates who are under development and investigation. Substantial progress has been made with molecular approaches and further development of non-culture-based methods offer promise. The potential ability to incorporate antimicrobial resistance gene testing in addition to pathogen identification may provide a venue to incorporate a predominantly molecular platform into a larger program of neonatal care.
Pioneers in Social Work Practice with the Addictions: An Interview with Maryann Amodeo, PhD, LICSW

Dr. Maryann Amodeo has worked in the addiction field for more than 30 years and has trained many students and agency stakeholders. She was the first nonphysician president of the Association for Me...
Design and Implementation of High Voltage Photovoltaic Electrolysis System for Solar Fuel Production from CO2

Growing interest in the use of CO2 as a feedstock for fuel generation has led to increased interest in solar CO2 electrolysis for renewable fuel generation which has a variety of applications ranging from providing renewable sources for energy-dense carbon fuels, to curbing high-density emissions from power plants, industries and automobiles. The challenges of integrated solar-to-carbon fuel converters, where the photovoltaic (PV) material is immersed in the electrolyte, are well-known: the need for unique PV cell designs; material incompatibility; corrosion; and optical losses. In this paper, a PV-electrolysis system is presented, where a flow-cell electrolyzer is power-matched to a high-performance solar PV module array which has two system design advantages: 1) use of standard PV cells external to the electrolyzer, which allows de-coupling the design, fabrication and operation of the PV system from that of the electrolyzer; and 2) enabling optimization of the PV configuration to maximize power coupling efficiency to the specific electrolyzer Tafel curve, with or without the use of electronic power-conditioning devices. The implemented system resulted in a peak SFE of 6.5%, a competitive solar-to-fuel efficiency (SFE) figure to those reported in literature.
Conservation of Woody Plant Diversity in Kenya

Environmental conditions along humid to arid gradients in Kenya contribute to woody plant diversity patterns and complicate their conservation as an important resource for human livelihoods. Applied conservation research links floristic and ethnobotanical inventories of woody plant species, measures landscape ecological complexity and the value of woody vegetation types as a cultural resource, and effectively integrates research with application in the context of global environmental policies. For Kenya, and through a case study of an Afromontane/bushland corridor between Tsavo East and West national parks, the review highlights the importance of “water tower” forests but also recognizes a diversity of other woody vegetation types that show unique floristic affinities, high measures of cultural plant resources derived from significant local knowledge, and complex ecological patterns across landscapes in relation to physical–environmental and human resource relationships. Much woody vegetation occurs outside the area measured as forest or woodland cover by international and national authorities, substantiating a need to spatially broaden policies for woody plant conservation and better engage local stakeholders. Global to national policies and practices for carbon accrual, especially with financial inflows from the UN-REDD+ program, strengthen the need to conserve woody plants in Kenya and promote adaptive co-management practices that contribute to the country’s sustainable development.
Perceptions of reciprocity in friendship by community dwelling people with mild to moderate dementia.

Positive social interaction is important for people with dementia, providing emotional and psychological benefits. Friendships may retain more reciprocal balance than caregiver relationships, which...
Is the disease spreading? A case study of the American Outlaws

AbstractThe American Outlaws, a supporter group for the men’s and women’s National Soccer Teams for the United States, has been scarcely examined in academic literature. This research began to fill...
Carotid Artery Aneurysm

The role of ultrasound in today's world has become a standardized routine practice, but has had a drastic impact on the landscape of vascular medicine. The advent of this technology plays a major r...
What If Low Back Pain Is the Most Prevalent Parkinsonism in the World

Low back pain (LBP) has a point prevalence of nearly 10% and ranks highest in global disease burden for years lived with disability; Parkinson's disease (PD) ranks in the top 100 most disabling health conditions for years lost and years lived with disability (1). Recent evidence suggests that people with chronic, recurrent LBP exhibit many postural impairments reminiscent of a neurological postural disorder such as PD. We compare and contrast postural impairments associated with LBP and PD in order to inform treatment strategies for both conditions. The literature suggests that both LBP and PD associate with impaired proprioceptive function, sensory orientation during standing balance, anticipatory postural adjustments, automatic postural responses, and striatal-cortical function. Although postural impairments are similar in nature for LBP and PD, the postural impairments with LBP appear more specific to the trunk than for PD. Likewise, although both health conditions associate with altered striatal-cortical function, the nature of the altered neural structure or function differ for PD and LBP. Due to the high prevalence of LBP associated with PD, focused treatment of LBP in people with PD may render benefit to their postural impairments and disabilities. In addition, LBP would likely benefit from being considered more than just a musculoskeletal injury; as such, clinicians should consider including approaches that address impairments of postural motor control.
Bilateral recurrent macular holes.

Abstract Purpose To report an unusual case of bilateral recurrent full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) in both eyes of a single patient over a 15-year period, with a total of 3 FTMH in the right eye and 2 in the left eye. Each FTMH was successfully treated with vitreous surgery, resulting in hole closure and visual acuity improvement. Observations During the previous 15 years, a 59-year-old female developed a total of 3 FTMH in the right eye and 2 FTMH in the left eye. The initial FTMH in each eye was surgically closed with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling, 14% C3F8 gas placement, and face down positioning. Subsequent recurrences of FTMH, 2 in the right and 1 in the left, were surgically closed with PPV and ERM peeling and/or indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling, 14% C3F8 gas placement, and face down positioning. Seven years following the last FTMH surgical closure, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/32 in the left eye with no FTMH in either eye. Conclusions and importance This case illustrates that a rare individual may have more than one recurrent FTMH in both eyes. Final visual outcome can be favorable following closure of more than one recurrent FTMH.
Triangular Strategic Analysis for Hybrid E-Retailers

For traditional retailers, the success of an e-channel lies largely in formulating and implementing a sound e-channel strategy that leverages their resource base. Numerous evidences show that poorly developed e-channels have added little value to retailers (Huang, 2003; Prencipe & McCarthy, 2002). Some of the poorly developed e-channels have had a negative impact on business performance due to an excessive investment, disappointing sales, and low margin (Nataraj & Lee, 2002). The poor performance arose from focusing on the Internet as a separate channel not affected by the activities in other existing channels (Kannan, 2001). For many traditional retailers, their costly and frequent echannel reorganizations could have been avoided if they had adequately analyzed the strategic fit between their external environment and e-channel organization. There has been no universally applicable business strategy for e-channels. For many retailers, the right mix of the traditional channels and e-channel is critical to their business success (Gulati & Garino, 2000). Despite the strategic value of the e-channel, there have been only a paucity of frameworks that help managers initiate and formulate the e-commerce strategy (Allen & Fjermestad, 2001; Lee, 2001). A number of strategic analysis models such as SWOT analysis, five forces model, resource-based view, and critical success factors have been applied to the e-commerce strategy development. These models attempted to formulate a business strategy from different perspectives of a business organization, but have not been fully integrated with each other. Formulating a business strategy based on the analysis and integration of multiple perspectives will result in a more competitive strategy than those of a single perspective. Based on a number of e-channel case studies and strategic management theories, this short article presents (1) an overview of a triangular strategic analysis and (2) an example application of the triangular strategic analysis with an Office Depot case study. Data on the Office Depot’s e-channel strategy and implementation were collected through secondary sources such as trade journals and Office Depot’s official publications. The triangular strategic analysis consists of (1) competitive forces analysis, (2) resource base analysis, and (3) critical success factor analysis BACKGROUND
Discrete mathematics/structures: how do we deal with the late appreciation problem?

One big challenge of teaching discrete mathematics/structures ("discrete math" from here on) is not students' appreciation of the material but the timing of this appreciation. Some (many?) students ask "Why do we have to learn all this?" as they study sequences, mathematical induction, counting, probability, etc., relatively early in their college years. Unfortunately, the most convincing answer comes during the subsequent semesters, and it comes in many iterations. Aside from the courses that obviously depend on this branch of mathematics (i.e. Algorithms, Data Structures, etc.), concepts and notation first introduced in discrete math are utilized in technical treatments of computer networking ([1], [5]), computer organization [2], natural language processing (for probabilistic arguments), web sciences (for network structure arguments [3]), modeling, etc.
Shyness and the Elderly

The purpose of this paper is to explore the implications of shyness for older adults. Shy people are inhibited, anxious, and preoccupied with the self in social and evaluative situations (Jones & Russell, 1982). Consequently,they approach such situations with hesitation, and with less adequate social skills. For younger adults the implications of shyness seem straightforward. Inhibited and less skilled social behaviors may constrain the formation of a variety of personal relationships essential to friendship development, romantic involvement, social exchange, social support, and so on. From a role-theoretical perspective (cf., Hogan, Jones, & Cheek, 1985), such characteristics also would interfere with effective role performances within one’s important social and reference groups, threatening one’s acceptance and status in society.
Evaluation of Radiation Effects in RRAM-Based Neuromorphic Computing System for Inference

Neuromorphic computing systems built with resistive random access memory (RRAM) are attractive solutions for implementing deep learning on-chip. In this paper, the single event and cumulative radiation damage susceptibility of a 1-transistor-1-resistor synaptic array architecture is investigated for the inference stage of a neuromorphic system. A physics-based SPICE RRAM model is developed to simulate the analog switching behavior of HfO x -based RRAM devices. SPICE simulations using the RRAM model are performed to capture the effects of transient heavy-ion strikes and experimental results obtained on GeSe-based RRAM devices are used to model the effects of cumulative radiation dose. Error patterns are fed into the software simulation of a multilayer perceptron, a representative artificial neural network for MNIST handwritten digit recognition. Radiation effects on the inference accuracy are analyzed. The results of the analysis indicate that the RRAM-based neuromorphic computing system is highly resistant to transient single-event effects due to the low cross section. The system is also shown to be tolerant to multi-Mrad levels of total ionizing and displacement damage dose.
P197 Cultural Sensitivity in Cooperative Extension Nutrition Education Programming in Kentucky

Background Community nutrition education is a strategy to educate and empower individuals to maintain a healthy diet and reduce the risk of chronic disease. Information regarding Hispanic and Latino participants’ perceptions of the cultural sensitivity of existing nutrition education programs is lacking. Objective To examine the perceptions of cultural sensitivity of a nutrition education program targeting Hispanic and Latino communities. Study Design, Settings, Participants Five qualitative focus groups were conducted with 39 Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligible Hispanic and Latino nutrition education program participants in five counties throughout the state of Kentucky. The focus groups were conducted in Spanish at County Extension Offices or the programming site of a community partner. The focus groups used a guided questionnaire that each lasted between 45-90 minutes. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The focus groups were audio recorded, translated, transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Codes were reviewed and categorized into cultural sensitivity framework by Resnicow, et al. 1998. Results Among the focus group themes identified, eight themes were defined. An emphasis was placed on culture in four areas that fall under the deep-structure category of the cultural sensitivity framework; incorporating traditional cultural values in nutrition education, an interest in learning about American culture, traditions and diets, factors related to adjustment to the American dietary culture and the value of cross-cultural exchange in building social capital in nutrition education. Under the surface-structure category, the importance of the language, both in oral and written, was reported in addition to the need for desire for having more Spanish written materials, and knowledge on chronic disease diet-related nutrition education. Conclusion This study presents new information related to the culturally specific nutrition education needs of Hispanic and Latino individuals living in Kentucky and provides direction for culturally sensitive nutrition education efforts with this community. Funding University of Kentucky, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition.
Monitoring the Curriculum through the Student Perspective

Student input was deliberately included as part of the curriculum implementation and assessment plan at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine. The new curriculum included design features to encourage deeper learning such as a spiral curriculum with cross-course integration, increased open time, and more active learning. Student well-being was seen as a simultaneous need. To gather overall perceptions of workload and well-being, student volunteers from each cohort were surveyed weekly starting in 2013. Survey questions asked about out-of-class work time, level of integration, extracurricular activities, student well-being habits, paid employment, and other factors. Survey questions were combined with course data to get a full picture of week quality, total course work time, extracurricular activities, and the effects of integration. Many of our hypotheses about curricular and extracurricular impacts on week quality were disproven. Week quality was most positively affected by student factors of sleep and exercise, whereas the curricular factors of out-of-class work time, total course work time, and examination hours had the strongest negative effects. A surprising finding was that open time, in-class hours, and paid employment hours had a minimal effect on week quality. Students identified excessively heavy semesters and uneven semester workloads that resulted in early revisions to the new curriculum. Student feedback provided a view of the curriculum that was not otherwise available and resulted in early and significant impacts on the new curriculum, and they provided insight into whether planned changes had occurred and how effective various factors were in reaching the curricular goals.
gamma-Lactone Formation in the Addition of Benzenesulfonyl Bromide to Diene and Enyne Esters.

The gem-dialkyl effect has been used to promote the formation of functionalized γ-lactones in the addition of benzenesulfonyl bromide to diene and enyne esters. Introduction of 3 mol % of pyridine ...
Why Compete When You Can Work Together: FPGA-ASIC Integration for Persistent RNNs

Interactive intelligent services, such as smart web search, are important datacenter workloads. They rely on dataintensive deep learning (DL) algorithms with strict latency constraints and thus require balancing both data movement and compute capabilities. As such, a persistent approach that keeps the entire DL model on-chip is becoming the new norm for realtime services to avoid the expensive off-chip memory accesses. This approach is adopted in Microsoft's Brainwave and is also provided by Nvidia's cuDNN libraries. This paper presents a comparative study of FPGA, GPU, and FPGA+ASIC in-package solutions for persistent DL. Unlike prior work, we offer a fair and direct comparison targeting common numerical precisions (FP32, INT8) and modern high-end FPGA (Intel® Stratix®10), GPU (Nvidia Volta), and ASIC (10 nm process), all using the persistent approach. We show that Stratix 10 FPGAs offer 2.7× (FP32) to 8.6× (INT8) lower latency than Volta GPUs across RNN, GRU, and LSTM workloads from DeepBench. The GPU can only utilize ~6% of its peak TOPS, while the FPGA with a more balanced on-chip memory and compute can achieve much higher utilization (~57%). We also study integrating an ASIC chiplet, TensorRAM, with an FPGA as system-in-package to enhance on-chip memory capacity and bandwidth, and provide compute throughput matching the required bandwidth. We show that a small 32 mm2 TensorRAM 10nm chiplet can offer 64 MB memory, 32 TB/s on-chiplet bandwidth, and 64 TOPS (INT8). A small Stratix 10 FPGA with a TensorRAM (INT8) offers 15.9× better latency than GPU (FP32) and 34× higher energy efficiency. It has 2× aggregate on-chip memory capacity compared to a large FPGA or GPU. Overall, our study shows that the FPGA is better than the GPU for persistent DL, and when integrated with an ASIC chiplet, it can offer a more compelling solution.
An optimized analytical solution for geostationary debris removal using solar sails

Abstract Debris in geostationary Earth orbits is often uncontrollable, consisting of launch-vehicle upper stages and non-operational payloads. To help mitigate orbital debris congestion, a solar-sailing satellite concept is proposed which retrieves and relocates large debris for placement into the “graveyard” orbit above the geostationary regime. This work derives an analytical deorbit solution based on Lyapunov control theory combined with the calculus of variations. A dynamic constraint vector is introduced as a result, which dictates the orbital response of a spacecraft to some controlled perturbation. The resulting controller is simulated for various solar sailing platforms to characterize deorbit capability based on a system's area to mass ratio. User design parameters in these solutions are then optimized using a Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) to produce robust, locally time optimal solutions for orbital debris removal using solar sails. Solar sail deorbit times are shown to decrease as the reflective area increases, with additional performance dependencies based on the Earth's relative position from the sun.
Chemical Space Exploration around Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one Scaffold Led to a Novel Class of Highly Active Clostridium difficile Inhibitors.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of healthcare-associated infection in the United States. Therefore, development of novel treatments for CDI is a high priority. Toward thi...
Loss Estimation and Visualization in Distribution Systems using Smart Meter and Recloser Data

This study proposes an approach for estimating distribution system losses by leveraging measurements from advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and recloser devices already installed in the distribution network. The real-world circuit used in the study is partitioned into distinct load areas and their respective losses are estimated over time. The resulting losses are visualized so as to enable system operators to assess the state of the system, and to evaluate anomalies due to distribution losses.
Foreign-body reaction with Mycobacterium abseccus superinfection

Mycobacterium abscessus is a rare cause of skin and soft tissue infections that often results from inoculation with contaminated foreign material. A 41-year-old woman is described regarding an outbreak of M. abscessus following soft tissue augmentation. Clinical features and treatment options are reviewed.
Analysis of end-user satisfaction with electronic health records in college/university healthcare.

Objective: To determine levels of Electronic Health Record (EHR) satisfaction in order to add to the body of knowledge and assist professionals in the college/university health field with system/ve...
Descriptive Analysis of Bubble Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Implementation in a Quaternary-Academic Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) in preterm infants has been associated with fewer doses of surfactant, fewer days on mechanical ventilation, and lower fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2). Most bCPAP evidence focuses on delivery room initiation and extubation of low birth weight preterm neonates. We sought to evaluate outcomes associated with bCPAP in a diverse population admitted to a quaternary-academic neonatal intensive care unit. We hypothesize application of bCPAP is associated with decreased ventilator days, fewer surfactant doses, and shorter length of stay (LOS) in a diverse patient population. Methods: A respective analysis of neonates supported via bCPAP between July 2018 and April 2019, comparing pre- vs. post-implementation outcomes. Differences determined by student T-Test for continuous variables presented as mean ± standard deviation. Demographics, bCPAP measures, and failure rates (need for intubation) were evaluated. Outcomes included average monthly ventilator days, surfactant doses administered per month, and NICU LOS. The project was approved by the Quality Improvement Review Committee. Results: One hundred twenty-five patients were included in the study. Gestational age were 36.9 ± 7.2weeks, weight 2.4 ± 0.9 kilograms, 63 (50.4%) were male, and 28 (22.4%) had surgical intervention. Diagnostic categories illustrated in Figure 1. Duration of bCPAP support was 7.3 ± 8.7 days with an initial FIO2 of 0.32 ± 0.13 and FIO2 of 0.27 ± 0.13 at cessation of support. Fourteen (11.2%) patients failed bCPAP. Of infants successfully weaned from bCPAP, 52.8% were on room air, 26.4% were supported by low-flow nasal cannula, and 9.6% received high-flow nasal cannula. We found a significant decrease in surfactant doses per month (7.0 ± 1.0 vs. 1.3 ± 0.6; P
Theologians on Revelation

The subject of this chapter is the way theologians in the West have seen revelation. The views of Christian theologians ranging from that of St. Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century to those of John Henry Newman in the nineteenth century and John Macquarrie, Langton Gilkey, and John Hick in the twentieth century are presented, as well as the thinking of the twentieth century philosopher of religion George Mavrodes. A theological issue about revelation that is given attention is whether revelation is propositional, taking the form of religious truths or dogmas, or nonpropositional, as it would be if of God himself.
The Role of Delayed Data in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Since the COVID pandemic began, data has been at the heart of debates over how to respond. However, it is not yet well understood how the lack of high-quality data affects policy decisions. In this paper, we focus on one specific aspect of the errors in COVID-19 data: delays in data reporting. We present one of the first lines of evidence for significant reporting delays in state-level COVID-19 data, and for heterogeneity in reporting delays across states and over time. We then use policy analysis of state-level interventions to illustrate how failing to consider reporting delays in data analysis can severely distort policymakers' decisions. Our analysis traces out heterogeneity in state reporting due to reliance on outdated fax-based reporting methods, and infers the severity of delay from the use of these methods and substantial short-term fluctuations in reported numbers. Our results show that accounting for potential reporting delays in statistical analysis leads to sharp changes in the estimated effects of almost all policies we investigate. It is critical to take potential reporting delays into consideration when analyzing reported COVID-19 data, and there are large gains from systematically addressing the root causes of reporting delays in IT systems in general.
The Rise of China, Inc.: How the Chinese Communist Party Transformed China into a Giant Corporation

Leveraging its absolute power, low human rights advantage, and tolerance by other countries, the Chinese Communist Party has transformed China into a giant corporation. Living and working is not a right, but a privilege granted by the party. State-owned firms are business units or subsidiaries, private firms are joint ventures, and foreign firms are franchisees of the party. 'China, Inc.' enjoys the agility of a firm and the vast resources of a state. Meanwhile, foreign firms competing with Chinese firms can find themselves matched against the mighty Chinese state. The Rise of China, Inc. will interest many readers: it will compel business scholars to rethink state-firm relationships; assist multinational business practitioners in formulating effective strategies; aid policy-makers in countering China's expansion; and inform the public of the massive corporate organisation China has become, and how democracies can effectively deal with it.
Rheological investigation of effect of high temperature on geothermal drilling fluids additives and lost circulation materials

Abstract High temperatures (HT) and the corrosive environment make the design of a geothermal drilling fluid a highly complex task. The presence of HT exacerbates the problems due to thermal degradation. Geothermal aquifers usually combine high-temperature and complex chemistry, making them highly corrosive. Although geothermal drilling fluids are exposed to thermal degradation, research of the effect on mud rheological properties in temperatures near or above 149°C (300°F) is limited. In this study, a High Pressure-High Temperature (HPHT) rheology setup was used to measure drilling fluids' properties up to 204.4°C (400°F). Rheological behavior of viscosity, density, lost circulation, and alkalinity control additives were analyzed at HT. It was found experimentally that Bentonite alone is thermally stable at HT. In contrast, Caustic Soda showed a tendency to gelate at temperatures above 93.3°C (200°F), adversely affecting mud rheology. Alkalinity control materials to replace Caustic Soda were evaluated. Among them, Lime presented the best thermal stability at 204.4°C with a range of variation of 0.0024 Pa.s (2.4 cP) on apparent viscosity after three consecutive tests. Besides, it was tested 11 different lost circulation materials (LCM) for understanding their rheological behavior at HT. It was found that HT has less impact on fine granular materials rheological behavior with an average increase of 17.7% compared with the baseline. In contrast, flaky, fibrous, and coarse granular materials presented a more apparent impact in WBM rheology with a deviation of 166% compared with the baseline.
Re-Membering Methodology in Theologies of Disability

Writing out of the togetherness of life with his son Adam Brock, Brian Brock’s Wondrously Wounded: Theology, Disability, and the Body of Christ offers a unique theological methodology that embodies...
Inverse and direct cascade of kinetic and potential energy for self-gravitating collisionless dark matter flow and effects of halo shape on energy cascade

Halo-mediated mass and energy cascade are key to understand dark matter flow. Both cascades origin from mass exchange between halo and out-of-halo sub-systems. Kinetic energy can be from motion of halo and particle motion in halo, while potential energy can be from inter- and intra-halo interactions. Intra-halo equilibrium is established much faster than inter-halo. All energy change of entire system comes from virilization in halos. At statistically steady state, continuous mass exchange is required to sustain growth of total halo mass $M_h$~$a^{1/2}$ and energy $E$~$a^{3/2}$, where $a$ is scale factor. Inverse cascade is identified for kinetic energy that is injected at the smallest scale and transferred to larger scales until consumed to grow halos. This is sustained by direct cascade of potential energy from large to small scale. Both energies have scale- and time-independent flux in propagation range that is proportional to mass flux. Energy cascade is mostly facilitated by mass cascade. It can be quantitatively described by typical halos growing with a constant waiting time. Halo radial, rotational moment and angular velocity are also modelled and inverse cascade is identified for coherent motion in halos. In hydrodynamic turbulence, vortex stretching (shape changing) along its axis of spin enables energy cascade from large to small length scale. However, halo shape change does not contribute much to energy cascade with halo moment of inertial gained from shape changing less than 2 times. Large halos exhibit preference for prolateness over oblateness and most halos have spin axis perpendicular to major axis. Since mass cascade is local in mass space, halo shape also evolves continuously in mass space with large halo formed by incrementally inheriting structure from progenitor halo. A unique evolution of halo structure is found that gradually approaches sphere with increasing size.
"Waiving" Goodbye to Arbitration: A Contractual Approach

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 1611II. Arbitration: Objectives and Law 1617A. The Contractual Benefits of Arbitration: Forum and Procedural Freedom 1617B. Arbitration Doctrine: The Supreme Court's Interpretation of the FAA 16221. Early Twentieth Century Arbitration: PreandPost-FAA 16222. Current Arbitration Doctrine: Enforcing Arbitration Agreements as Contracts 16253. Severability: A "Gateway" to Arbitration 16274. The Impact of Severability on Parties' Arbitral Rights in the Courts 16305. The Origins of the "Waiver" Doctrine in the Arbitral Context: Correctly Applied? 1632III. The Circuit Split 1635A. The Majority: Circuits Requiring Prejudice 16361. Strict Enforcement: Circuits Imposing Burdensome Prejudice Requirements 1636a. The Second Circuit 1636b. The Fourth Circuit 1638c. The Fifth Circuit 1640d. The Sixth Circuit 1642e. The Ninth Circuit 1643f. The Eleventh Circuit 1645g. A Brief Summary: The Strict Enforcement Divergence 16472. Circuits Imposing Lenient Prejudice Requirements 1649a. The First Circuit 1649b. The Eighth Circuit 1650c. Lenient Prejudice Requirements: A Brief Comparison 16523. The Third and Tenth Circuits: Multifactor Tests 1653a. The Third Circuit 1654b. The Tenth Circuit 1655c. The Third and Tenth Circuits Compared 1657B. The Minority: Circuits Not Requiring Prejudice 16581. The Seventh Circuit 16592. The D.C. Circuit 16603 . The Seventh and D . C . Circuits Compared 1662IV. "Waiving" the Right to Arbitrate: A Contractual Approach 1663A. The Need for a Uniform Standard 1663B. "Waiver" as a Generally Applicable Contract Law Defense 1667V. The Proposal 1670A. A Contractual Approach 16701. The Groundwork: A Duty to Arbitrate Subject to Conditions 16702. The Reasonableness Test: What Constitutes a "Reasonable Time" for Performance? 16723. A "Reasonable Time" to Demand Arbitration: MicroStrategy, Inc. v. Laurina 16764. The Efficacy of the "Reasonableness Test" as Compared to Waiver 1680VI. Conclusion 1683J. IntroductionArbitration, as reflected through the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA),1 is "simply a matter of contract between the parties."2 This oft-cited "fundamental principle"3 reflects an indisputable "axiom,"4 but one which the Circuit Courts of Appeals have failed to apply consistently. Courts diverge as to whether a party resisting arbitration must show prejudice in order to prove that its opponent waived its right to arbitrate.5 This Note demonstrates not only that prejudice is unnecessary, but that the waiver doctrine itself is conceptually flawed. In its place, this Note proposes a multifactor judicial framework derived from generally applicable contract law principles - a reasonableness test.The standard conception is that "parties agree to use arbitration - to use private judges rather than public court judges to resolve their disputes - because arbitration is a process that improves upon the court system for dispute resolution."6 Indeed, arbitration is a private,7 alternative adjudicatory forum to which one gains access by contract. …
Attachment Research and Mental Health

The research questions dealt with in this volume can be grouped into several areas of speculation, which, although generally related on a continuum of infant development, tap into quite diverse issues. Vernadakis and Timiras look at neural growth and the influence of hormones on brain development; they are willing to make the largest inference as to the impact of environmental experiences, or their lack, on the developing brain. Another major portion of the volume contains chapters examining the nature of the influence of the caretaking environment on the development of attachment systems (Gaensbauer & Harmon, Chapter 17; Konner, Chapter 12; Morgan, Busch-Rossnagel, Culp, Vance, & Fritz, Chapter 16; Sander, Chappell, & Snyder, Chapter 11).
Compressive imaging using approximate message passing and a Markov-tree prior

We propose a novel algorithm for compressive imaging that exploits both the sparsity and persistence across scales found in the 2D wavelet transform coefficients of natural images. Like other recent works, we model wavelet structure using a hidden Markov tree (HMT) but, unlike other works, ours is based on loopy belief propagation (LBP). For LBP, we adopt a recently proposed “turbo” message passing schedule that alternates between exploitation of HMT structure and exploitation of compressive-measurement structure. For the latter, we leverage Donoho, Maleki, and Montanari's recently proposed approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. Experiments with a large image database suggest that, relative to existing schemes, our turbo LBP approach yields state-of-the-art reconstruction performance with substantial reduction in complexity.
Primary structure of a member of the serpin superfamily of proteinase inhibitors from an insect, Manduca sexta.

Abstract A cDNA clone isolated from a fat body cDNA library from an insect, Manduca sexta, has been sequenced and shown to code for a member of the serpin family of proteinase inhibitors. The cDNA has an open reading frame which codes for a 392-residue polypeptide of Mr = 43,500 with a hydrophobic NH2-terminal sequence which appears to be a signal peptide. An alignment of this amino acid sequence with 11 members of the serpin superfamily reveals that the insect protein is 25-30% identical with most members of the superfamily. The alignment was used to construct an evolutionary tree of the serpin sequences analyzed, which indicates that the progenitor of the M. sexta serpin and the human serpins most closely related to it diverged from other serpin genes prior to the divergence of the vertebrates and invertebrates. The M. sexta serpin is predicted to inhibit elastase due to the presence of alanine at the P1 position of its reactive center and is classified as an alaserpin. A glycoprotein of Mr = 47,000 isolated from hemolymph of M. sexta larvae has an NH2-terminal sequence identical to that deduced from the alaserpin cDNA clone and inhibits porcine pancreatic elastase and bovine chymotrypsin.
Green Tea Polyphenols

Basic research has identified some nutrients as agents that inhibit mutagenesis and hyperproliferation, as well as some that induce apoptosis or differentiation, which are critical characteristics for chemoprevention regardless of the nutrient’s specific molecular targets. Some of the most promising nutrients identified as chemopreventive agents in prostate cancer are green tea polyphenols. The components of green tea are epigallocatechin-3-gallate [(−)-EGCG], epigallocatechin [(−)-EGC], epicatechin-3-gallate [(−)-ECG], epicatechin [(−)-EC] and their epimers (−)-GCG, (−)-CG, (−)-GC and (−)-C. Of these components, (−)-EGCG has been the most extensively investigated because of its relative abundance and strong cancer-preventive properties. Recently, several epidemiological, animal and laboratory studies have demonstrated the cancer-preventive properties of green tea polyphenols, specifically in prostate cancer. This article reviews the evidence to date in the role of green tea polyphenols in prostate cancer, and the future directions of this field of research.
Optical spectrophotometry of the Cygnus Loop

Optical spectral properties of several filaments in the Cygnus Loop are discussed with emphasis on observation-model comparisons. We conclude that some departure from the steady-flow condition assumed in current modelling is necessary to improve agreement with the observations.
Community Seismic Network: A Dense Array to Sense Earthquake Strong Motion

The Community Seismic Network (CSN) is currently a 500‐element strong‐motion network located in the Los Angeles area of California (see Fig. 1). The sensors in the network are low‐cost microelectromechanical (MEM) accelerometers that are capable of recording on scale up to accelerations of ±2g. The primary product of the network is a set of measurements of ground shaking in the seconds following a major earthquake. An example of this is shown in Figure 2. The shaking information will be contributed to U.S. Geological Survey products such as ShakeMap (Wald et al., 1999) and ShakeCast (Wald et al., 2006), with the goal of providing first responders a proxy for damage that can guide efforts immediately following the event. The basic premise is the strong ground‐motion shaking varies on a subkilometer scale, which will require a dense network to meaningfully measure the shaking. Evidence for this comes from earthquakes recorded by dense oil company surveys in the Los Angeles area (Clayton et al., 2011).
Mechanism of catalytic deactivation of zeolites in multicycle processes

Two mechanisms of zeolite deactivation in multicycle processes have been studied. The predominant role of the “embolism” of the cavity “windows” of zeolites in their deactivation is shown.
An integrated computer system for preliminary design of advanced aircraft.

A progress report is given on the first phase of a research project to develop a system of Integrated Programs for Aerospace-Vehicle Design (IPAD) which is intended to automate to the largest extent possible the preliminary and detailed design of advanced aircraft. The approach used is to build a pilot system and simultaneously to carry out two major contractual studies to define a practical IPAD system preparatory to programing. The paper summarizes the specifications and goals of the IPAD system, the progress to date, and any conclusion reached regarding its feasibility and scope. Sample calculations obtained with the pilot system are given for aircraft preliminary designs optimized with respect to discipline parameters, such as weight or L/D, and these results are compared with designs optimized with respect to overall performance parameters, such as range or payload.
Postpericardiotomy syndrome following left heart catheterization

Abstract The postpericardiotomy syndrome in a patient with aortic stenosis occurred as a direct consequence of percutaneous left ventricular puncture during left heart catheterization. The dangers of anticoagulation therapy following this procedure are discussed.