cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering Interest in the Benthic Boundary Layer

Engineers are interested in prediction of the effects of man’s activities on the sea bed. In particular this involves knowing the controls of erosion and deposition of sediments in regard to management of navigable waterways and maintainance of water quality in near-shore areas. Geotechnical assessment of the bed is of importance for assessment of the stability of structures. Most sediments in the oceans are fine grained. In estuaries fine sediments flocculate. The physical properties of these aggregates are given and are related to the critical erosion conditions for mud beds. Deposition of these flocculent materials follows an exponential law when the fluid shear stress at the bed is below a limiting value. Increasing use is being made of these erosion and deposition relationships in numerical models. Both modeling and empirical approaches are used in water-quality studies. The increasing impact of man’s activities in dumping and discharge of wastes near shore are actively being investigated by engineers. The paper concludes with suggestions for future directions of work.
Of Aristotle’s Logic: The Organon

My task in connection with the endeavor to examine the assumptions of Aristotle’s logic is twofold. I shall try first to uncover the tacit and implicit metaphysics of the logic by looking carefully at that logic itself, and then I shall endeavor to compare my findings with the metaphysics which Aristotle wrote separately and presented explicitly in order to determine the extent to which the two metaphysics agree or disagree.
The International Provisions of the TCJA: Six Results after Six Months

Over six months have passed since the enactment of the TCJA, so it is now possible to reach some preliminary conclusions on its impact. The main ones are: 1. The transition tax plus anticipated GILTI tax minus territoriality have resulted in higher GAAP effective tax rates for 2017. In some cases they approach 35% for large multinationals with a lot of offshore income. For the first six months of 2018, however, overall corporate tax revenues are sharply down because of the 21% rate plus expensing. This is the exact reverse of the situation before TCJA in which MNEs showed very low effective tax rates on the financials but overall corporate revenue was remarkably robust. 2. As expected, the transition tax has resulted in a significant repatriation of offshore earnings that were primarily invested in stock buybacks. 3. The main outcome of TCJA in in the international arena is not territoriality (i.e., participation exemption) with a minimum tax, but rather a worldwide tax regime with no deferral, but with a lower rate for foreign income. That is because for most of the large US MNEs the amount of offshore income that can avoid GILTI and therefore be eligible for zero tax under territoriality is very small. 4. FDII is a failure, it is too risky to move intangibles into the US because it may be a Hotel California situation if the law is changed. This may be why there is no WTO challenge. 5. BEAT is a success, although the revenue estimate is too high, because it may be easy to avoid by recharacterizing royalties as cost of goods sold under 263A. But this could be subject to the BEAT anti-abuse rule. 6. The FTC, which was supposed to become less important because of territoriality, is more important because 960 is the new 902, with five baskets instead of two (general, passive, GILTI, branch, treaties). This has created significant complexity and much work for tax lawyers.
Two Sides to Every Story: Growing Up with Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum

The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure in the human brain. Among other functions, it permits communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Many psychiatric, neurocognitive, and neurologic conditions are associated with malformation of, or injury to, the corpus callosum. This is a case of an adolescent struggling with a genetic illness, seizure disorder, and problems with pragmatic language. In this case, the existence of agenesis of the corpus callosum proved to have marked effects cognitively and socially and led to difficulties in mitigating anxiety with verbal reassurance. In this patient, the complex function of the corpus callosum is demonstrated by social, emotional, language, and psychiatric effects associated with its congenital malformation.
Adaptive scheduling for systems with asymmetric memory hierarchies

Conventional multicores rely on deep cache hierarchies to reduce data movement. Recent advances in die stacking have enabled near-data processing (NDP) systems that reduce data movement by placing cores close to memory. NDP cores enjoy cheaper memory accesses and are more area-constrained, so they use shallow cache hierarchies instead. Since neither shallow nor deep hierarchies work well for all applications, prior work has proposed systems that incorporate both. These asymmetric memory hierarchies can be highly beneficial, but they require scheduling computation to the right hierarchy. We present AMS, an adaptive scheduler that automatically finds high-quality thread-to-hierarchy mappings. AMS monitors threads, accurately models their performance under different hierarchies and core types, and adapts algorithms first proposed for cache partitioning to produce high-quality schedules. AMS is cheap enough to use online, so it adapts to program phases, and performs within 1% of an exhaustive-search scheduler. As a result, AMS outperforms asymmetry-oblivious schedulers by up to 37% and by 18% on average.
Dynamic Opioid Receptor Regulation in the Periphery

Opioids serve a vital role in the current analgesic array of treatment options. They are useful in acute instances involving severe pain associated with trauma, surgery, and terminal diseases such as cancer. In the past three decades, multiple receptor isoforms and conformations have been reported throughout literature. Most of these studies conducted systemic analyses of opioid receptor function, often generalizing findings from receptor systems in central nervous tissue or exogenously expressing immortalized cell lines as common mechanisms throughout physiology. However, a culmination of innovative experimental data indicates that opioid receptor systems are differentially modulated depending on their anatomic expression profile. Importantly, opioid receptors expressed in the peripheral nervous system undergo regulation uncommon to similar receptors expressed in central nervous system tissues. This distinctive characteristic begs one to question whether peripheral opioid receptors maintain anatomically unique roles, and whether they may serve an analgesic advantage in providing pain relief without promoting addiction.
Experimental Determination of the Activation Parameters and Stereoselectivities of the Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reactions of 1,3,8-Nonatriene, 1,3,9-Decatriene, and 1,3,10-Undecatriene and Transition State Modeling with the Monte Carlo-Jumping Between Wells/Molecular Dynamics Method

Experimental activation parameters for the intramolecular Diels−Alder reactions of 1,3,8-nonatriene, 1,3,9-decatriene, and 1,3,10-undecatriene have been measured, and the Monte Carlo-Jumping between Wells/Stochastic Dynamics [MC(JBW)/SD] method, which gives relative free energies of activation, was tested as a means to predict stereoselectivities. The predictions are compared to experimental results, and to predictions from quantum and molecular mechanics methods.
Fulminant Onset of Acute Leukemia (FOAL) After Total Therapies (TT) for Multiple Myeloma (MM): Absence of MDS Pathological Criteria within 3 Months of Prior MM Follow-up

Abstract 1458 Background: Cytogenetic abnormalities (CA) in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) usually correlate with nature of previous therapy and clinical presentation. t-MN following prior therapy with alkylating agents and/or radiotherapy are associated with a long latency period (> 3 years) an antecedent myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) phase, and unbalanced translocations or a complex karyotype. Majority of t-MNs that initially present as acute leukemia (AL) are associated with prior topoisomerase II therapy, a shorter latency period (1–3 years), lack of MDS phase and balanced translocations, commonly involving 11q23/ MLL gene. In our experience the usual course of t-MN in MM patients is a prolonged MDS phase with progressive cytopenia, progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a subset of patients. Here we report on 7 patients in complete remission (CR) for MM without cytopenia or morphologic evidence of dysplasia on bone marrow evaluation within 3 months prior to presenting with FOAL. One patient developed FOAL within 2.5 months of first documentation of MDS-associated CA (MDS-CA). Methods: Of 3890 patients at the University of Arkansas who had received melphalan-based autograft supported high dose therapy, 69 patients developed t-MN— 63 initially presented with MDS and 13 progressed to AML. Six of the seven patients had no prior MDS-CA or morphological dysplasia, and one with MDS-CA seen Results: All FOAL patients were treated on Total Therapy (TT) protocols for newly diagnosed MM including 3 on TT2 with thalidomide arm, 3 on TT3A with VTD maintenance, and 1 on TT4 with VRD maintenance. At the time of FOAL all patients were in CR for MM and on maintenance therapy with dexamethasone, thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib in combination or as single agents. The clinical and laboratory features prior to and at onset of AL are shown in the table. Conclusion: In this cohort, MDS-CA (+8, del20q, −7, del7q, −5, del5q and complex karyotype) were detected in leukemic blasts in 5 of 7 patients with abnormalities of chromosomes 5 and 7 most commonly seen. In contrast to clinical and cytogenetic associations described for t-MN initially presenting as AL, none of our patients showed balanced chromosomal translocations involving 11q23, and all but one (patient 3, 9.5m) had a long latency period of 5 to 10yr. Importantly, the absence of MDS-CA on prior bone marrow evaluations in 6 of 7 of our cases indicates that FOAL cannot be predicted based on surveillance BM metaphase cytogenetics or FISH. Studies using gene expression profile analysis of CD34 stem cells are underway to identify molecular alterations leading to FOAL. Results of these studies may improve t-MN surveillance. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Schizophrenia as one extreme of a sexually selected fitness indicator.

The current state of scientific and philosophicalorientation for most biomedical theory and practice isnot adequate to even ask, much less answer, deepquestions of phylogenetic etiology (Wilson, 1993).Much biomedical science lacks a coherence to beadduced from its mongering of study design, outcomecurves and other enthusiasms of the currently reign-ing, largely inductive science. While it is perhapsbetter to make a minor inductive advance than risk acrashing deductive error, theoretical inference, whenrobust, can reframe quantitative data or, at least,identify crisp qualitative incongruencies (Herrick,1915, 1936) with insights, both counterintuitive andnon-obvious, that would never be appreciated by mereexperiment, no matter how clever.These problems are only magnified in psychiatricresearch by its lack of both a foundational theory andcogently integrated intellectual aims. In certainrespects,psychiatryhasbecomeapasticheofaridfacts,abstruse ideological claims and grand speculationsamid a surfeit of plausible but contradictory explana-tions that lack an encompassing framework. It isparticularly difficult to sort out historical questions(such as the past function of phenotypes and theselection of their genes in the environment of theirevolution) since experimental observation is con-strained, largely,tomodern environmentalcircumstan-ces. Of course, empirico-experimental research iswelcome, but quite daunting given the scale of issuesand ethics involved. Meanwhile, psychopathologistshavelonghadavailableonesuchframeworkbeginningwith Darwin’s elegantly reasoned theory of evolution.However, no application has yielded a clear, nec-essary and complete Darwinian explanation for thefact that genes linked to psychopathology, includingthe schizophrenia-spectrum phenotypies, appear be-yond what probable mutation rates and neutral selec-tion might maintain. It is therefore not merelyspeculative to consider schizophrenia may be associ-ated with evolutionarily adaptive features—past orpresent—but an actual imperative from the point ofview of population genetics. Among the many salientapplications of evolutionary science, it is essential to afull understanding of epigenetic conditions, especiallythose with broad and/or high genomic frequency. Thatnotably includes schizophrenia for which classical(pre-genomic/recombinant) epidemiology long agoestablished it as clearly epigenetic (McGuffin et al.,1995; Kendler and Diehl, 1993; Kety et al., 1994;Tienari et al., 1994), familial (Gottesman, 1972;Kendler and Diehl, 1993), and rather highly heritable(Matthysse and Kidd, 1981; McKusick, 1990; Tsuanget al., 1999).Thus, Shaner et al. (in press) present extant data ina newly synthesized manner with some plausibility asto evolutionary heuristics of schizophrenia. As such,this is a laudable effort that should be of interest toreaders of Schizophrenia Research and, indeed,broader audience insofar as it formulates a useful—
Analysis of Laterally Loaded Gridworks

It is shown that the deflection of a uniform rectangular gridwork loaded at its nodes is governed by a sixth order partial difference equation that requires three boundary conditions at each edge for its complete solution. Solutions are indicated for various types of boundary conditions. In particular, an analogy with classical plate theory is developed by deriving Navier type and Levy type solutions consisting of finite series involving double and single summations.
Accuracy and precision of a wrist movement when vibrotactile prompts inform movement speed

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of movement speed on task accuracy and precision when participants were provided temporally oriented vibrotactile prompts. Materials and methods: Partici...
LINX: A topology based methodology to rank the importance of flow measurements in compartmental systems

Abstract In ecological and other transactional energy–matter flow networks, accurate quantification of flows between compartments can be difficult and costly. For models at steady state or undergoing linear change, energy–matter conservation together with the steady-state condition can be exploited to estimate unknown flows from known ones. In compartmental network models, some flows are more important than others in terms of their connections to other flows, participation in cycles, geodesic distance to the environment (in the graph theoretical sense), and other topological features. In respect to estimating unknown flows, such importance differences also come into play. Pursuing this, we formulate a Link Importance iNdeX (LINX) that quantifies each flow’s importance in a model. This index identifies and quantifies the redundancy imposed by network topology and mathematical conservation rules. We anticipate that it will find use in minimizing the cost and effort of data collection while also increasing model accuracy.
Age-Group Differences and Annual Variation in Return-To-Play Practices After Sport-Related Concussion.

Objective To examine return-to-play (RTP) practice differences between high school and collegiate athletes, as well as the stability (ie, year-by-year) in these practices over a 5-year period. We hypothesized that similar protocols for treatment will be comparable across competition levels and that these practices will vary year-to-year. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Nine high schools and 4 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III colleges in Southeastern Wisconsin. Participants and independent variables Two-hundred seventy-three (N = 273) athletes with sport-related concussions (SRCs). Independent predictors included competition level (high school, n = 88 vs collegiate, n = 185) and year-of-injury. Outcome measures Athletes were evaluated prospectively for differences in symptom duration, symptom free waiting period (SFWP), and time to RTP, as well as longitudinal changes in management. Results High school and collegiate athletes experienced comparable median symptom duration (high school, 6.0 days, interquartile range (IQR) = 3.5-11.0; college, 6.0 days, IQR = 4.0-9.0, P = 0.95), SFWP (high school, 5.0 days, IQR = 3.0-8.0; college, 5.0 days, IQR = 3.0-7.0, P = 0.12), and total time to RTP (high school, 10.5 days, IQR = 7.0-16.0; college, 11.0 days, IQR = 8.0-14.0 days, P = 0.94). A Cox regression analysis revealed a nonsignificant trend toward longer SFWPs in high school athletes (P = 0.055; hazard ratio = 1.347, confidence interval = 0.99-1.83). Among football players, SFWPs in 2017 (Median = 3.5 days, IQR = 1.5-5.0 days) were significantly longer than those in 2014 (Median = 5.0 days, IQR = 4.0-8.5 days, P = 0.029) after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusion Similar postinjury and RTP management practices were observed at the high school and collegiate levels after SRCs. Symptom duration and time from injury to unrestricted RTP were comparable, although high school athletes may have longer SFWPs.
Information, Incentives, and Commitment: An Empirical Analysis of Contracts between Government and State Enterprises

This article analyzes the experience with performance contracts between developing country governments and the managers of their state owned enterprises. It identifies how problems of information asymmetry, incentives, and commitment can lead to shirking. It applies this conceptual framework to a sample of 12 contracts with monopoly state enterprises in six developing countries and finds that all suffer from serious contracting problems and there is no pattern of improved performance that can be attributed to the contracts.
Executive Stock Options: To Expense or Not?

In analyzing the decision to expense stock options, we find a greater likelihood of options expensing for firms with greater transparency and a closer alignment of interests between managers and shareholders. These results provide indirect evidence that expensing is more likely in firms that practice good corporate governance. We show that firms are less likely to expense when option usage is higher and that this negative relation is stronger for firms that are smaller, have high growth, and are less profitable. We also find that the announcement period returns are not significantly different from zero.
Inhibition of Host Gene Expression by KSHV: Sabotaging mRNA Stability and Nuclear Export

Viruses are known for their ability to alter host gene expression. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus has two proteins that obstruct host gene expression. KSHV SOX, encoded by the open reading frame 37 (ORF37), induces a widespread cytoplasmic mRNA degradation and a block on mRNA nuclear export. The other KSHV protein, encoded by the open reading frame 10 (ORF10), was recently identified to inhibit host gene expression through its direct function on the cellular mRNA export pathway. In this review, we summarize the studies on both SOX and ORF10 in efforts to elucidate their mechanisms. We also discuss how the findings based on a closely related rodent virus, murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68), complement the KSHV findings to decipher the role of these two proteins in viral pathogenesis.
Genetic models of latent tuberculosis in mice reveal differential control by adaptive immunity

Studying latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has been limited by the lack of a suitable mouse model. We discovered that transient depletion of protein biotin ligase (BPL) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxB2) results in latent infections during which Mtb cannot be detected but that relapse in a subset of mice. The immune requirements for Mtb control during latency, and the frequency of relapse, were strikingly different depending on how latency was established. TrxB2 depletion resulted in a latent infection that required adaptive immunity for control and reactivated with high frequency, whereas latent infection after BPL depletion was independent of adaptive immunity and rarely reactivated. We identified immune signatures of T cells indicative of relapse and demonstrated that BCG vaccination failed to protect mice from TB relapse. These reproducible genetic latency models allow investigating the host immunological determinants that control the latent state and offer opportunities to evaluate therapeutic strategies in settings that mimic aspects of latency and TB relapse in humans.
An exploratory study on the sociocultural consequences of food consumption patterns among African American girls.

Abstract African American women, in particular, have learned to navigate through a food consumption landscape that purposefully, and often aggressively, limits their choices and stigmatizes their resulting physical appearance, and renders them collectively unattractive and unworthy. While American women are challenged to subscribe to traditional slim body standards, a faction of Americans have differing opinions. African American (AA) women celebrate larger body types and defy weight stigma. When African Americans make food choices, taste and cost are not the only factors influencing those choices; the cultural role of food is also considered. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 African American girls to identify some of the consequences of this consumption practice that challenges what we argue is a hegemonic taste regime surrounding body size. This work further elucidates the ways in which the African American community has operationalized the concept of cultural capital around the issues of body image to create what we suggest is a type of emotional well-being. In addition to uncovering marketing channels promoting anti-obesity campaigns that would be more likely to capture their attention, our findings also reveal that AA girls embrace shapely bodies, despite not necessarily having one themselves, and overall possess a more positive body image than their Caucasian peers. Having shapely bodies was deemed more attractive among romantic interests and acceptable overall in the AA community regardless of the associated health risks associated with consuming unhealthy foods.
Digital surveillance in online writing instruction: Panopticism and simulation in learning management systems

Abstract Widely-used surveillance technologies pose legal, ethical, and pedagogical problems for teachers of blended, hybrid, and online writing courses. Rhetorical analysis of surveillance interfaces and related discourses finds a subversive effect on disciplinary images and narratives. Using theories of surveillance and of visual rhetoric, the article argues that surveillance technologies currently in widespread use are unfit for online writing instruction. Because writing teachers often occupy institutional confluences that afford some measure of agency, the article proposes policies that could mitigate risk and lead to more sustainable solutions.
Mutational Analysis of the BPTI Folding Pathway

Over the past three decades, considerable effort has been focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which polypeptide chains fold into well-defined three-dimensional structures (Kim & Baldwin, 1990; Creighton, 1992a; Mattthews, 1993). Major goals of these studies include the identification and characterization of partially folded intermediates and the analysis of transition states that represent the energetic barriers in the folding mechanism. Recently, there has been great progress in the structural analysis of folding intermediates by high resolution NMR spectroscopy of intermediate analogs and native proteins that have been isotopically-labeled during refolding. Structural analysis alone, however, is not sufficient to determine why particular intermediates form or what types of interactions stabilize their conformations. By their very nature, transition states are even more difficult to characterize directly. Questions about folding energetics and the roles of individual interactions in determining the folding mechanism can often be addressed by studying the folding of protein variants that differ by relatively small perturbations of the covalent structure. Recently-developed genetic techniques have made it possible to alter virtually any amino acid residue in a protein, and mutational methods have now been used to study the folding mechanisms of several proteins (Fersht et al., 1992; Goldenberg 1992a; Jennings et al., 1992). We describe here some of our recent work using amino acid replacements to study the folding of a particularly well-characterized protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI).
High Pressure Effects on Protein Structure

The protein stability problem is one of the most intriguing questions in protein chemistry. The central conundrum is why the folded (native) form of a protein, with its specific three-dimensional structure, is stabilized relative to the unfolded (denatured) form, which is conformationally disperse. The related problems of protein dynamics, stability, and design are all related ultimately to protein energetics. Our knowledge of the microscopic characteristics of proteins is constantly growing as more three-dimensional structures are determined by X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To fully understand the energetic details of proteins, it is necessary to have information not only about their structures but also of their macroscopic behavior. A fundamental approach to protein energetics is the study of thermodynamics, i.e., the equilibrium position of the system (Callen, 1985). In the context of protein stability, this equilibrium is between the active, folded form, of a protein and the inactive, conformationally disperse, unfolded form. Not surprisingly, under physiological conditions this equilibrium usually favors the native form. By examining the response of this equilibrium process to different perturbants, we can infer a remarkable amount of information regarding the energetics of protein folding. In this chapter, we focus on the use of pressure as a variable for perturbing equilibria connecting protein structural states. As detailed below, the standard volume change for a reaction is the central component of pressure studies, although higher order terms, such as the standard compressibility change can also be important. Volume changes associated with reactions can be determined from investigations of the pressure dependence of equilibria; activation volumes for reactions can be obtained from measurements of pressure effects on reaction rates (Markley et al., 1996).
The Market for Force: Private financing for security and the control of force

Thus far, I have focused on the changes in the control of force associated with private delivery of security services. In this chapter I look at the private financing of security – examining how non-state actors, directly or not, affect the resources through which violence is controlled. As chapter one suggests, non-state actors – particularly transnational non-state actors – dedicated to maintaining a presence in parts of the world where the state is weak are an important source of demand for private security. Non-state actors finance security in a variety of ways, though, subsidizing state, rebel, or paramilitary forces as well as hiring PSCs. It is increasingly the case that non-state actors have both direct and indirect impact on the financial resources available for security in weak states. This chapter explores the consequences of that impact for control of force in weak states. The optimists and pessimists once again suggest different consequences. Pessimists argue that transnational financing is a fundamental challenge to the state's control of consequential incentives that may also undermine the coherence and legitimacy of states. More optimistic visions see non-state financing of security as simply an indication of state weakness – and a tool that can bolster security in a way that enhances short-term functional control. The rosiest scenario might imagine that non-state financing could, particularly when reinforced with education about the proper behavior of security forces, even subsidize order so as to help generate the political coherence necessary for improving the strength of a weak state, potentially contributing to greater coherence, and improving the likelihood that force will be integrated with prevailing international norms.
Cardiac defects and altered ryanodine receptor function in mice lacking FKBP12

FKBP12, a cis–trans prolyl isomerase that binds the immunosuppressants FK506 and rapamycin, is ubiquitouslyexpressed and interacts with proteins in several intracellular signal transduction systems1.Although FKBP12 interacts with the cytoplasmic domains of type I receptors of the transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) superfamily in vitro, the function of FKBP12 in TGF-β superfamily signalling iscontroversial2,3,4,5,6. FKBP12 also physicallyinteracts stoichiometrically with multiple intracellular calcium release channels including the tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor(RyR1)7,8. In contrast, the cardiacryanodine receptor, RyR2, appears to bind selectively theFKBP12 homologue, FKBP12.6 (9, 10). To define the functions of FKBP12 in vivo, we generated mutantmice deficient in FKBP12 using embryonic stem (ES) cell technology. FKBP12-deficient mice have normal skeletal muscle buthave severe dilated cardiomyopathy and ventricular septal defects that mimic a human congenital heart disorder, noncompaction of leftventricular myocardium11,12. About 9% of themutants exhibit exencephaly secondary to a defect in neural tube closure. Physiological studies demonstrate that FKBP12 is dispensable forTGF-β-mediated signalling, but modulates the calcium release activity of both skeletal and cardiac ryanodinereceptors.
GPS satellite surveying

Elements of Satellite Surveying The Global Positioning System Adjustment Computations Least-Squares Adjustment Examples Links to Physical Observations The Three-Dimensional Geodetic Model GPS Observables Propagation Media, Multipath, and Phase Center Processing GPS Carrier Phases Network Adjustments Ellipsoidal and Conformal Mapping Models Useful Transformations Datums, Standards, and Specifications Appendices References Abbreviations for Frequently Used References Indexes.
Pituitary Arylamidases and Peptidases

Abstract The hydrolysis of lysyl-, arginyl-, leucyl-, methionyl-, and phenylalanyl-p-nitroanilides by bovine anterior pituitary glands is attributable to the action of at least two distinct enzymes, designated as lysyl and arginyl arylamidases because of their preferential action on the respective p-nitroanilides. The arginyl arylamidase is associated with a dipeptidase during fractionation with (NH4)2SO4 and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The purified arylamidase is principally active upon Arg- and, to a somewhat lesser extent, on Lys-p-nitroanilide; it hydrolyzes other p-nitroanilides at a very low rate. The lysyl arylamidase is distinguishable from the arginyl arylamidase by its requirement for thiol compounds for activation and by a strong sensitivity to puromycin. Although Lys-p-nitroanilide is hydrolyzed preferentially, a significant rate of hydrolysis also is seen with Arg-, Phe-, Met-, and Leu-p-nitroanilide. Purified lysyl arylamidase preparations completely hydrolyze Ala5, Ala4, Ala3, Ala2, Lys4, Lys3, and Lys2 to the free amino acids, but only the hydrolysis of Ala5,, Ala4, and Lys4 is subject to a consistent and substantial activation by mercaptoethanol and inhibition by puromycin. The total hydrolysis of the tetra- and pentapeptides is ascribed to the consecutive action of an aminopolypeptidase, a tripeptidase, and a dipeptidase. Since the aminopolypeptidase is associated with the lysyl arylamidase during purification and displays the same properties as the latter, both activities are assumed to be due to the action of a single enzyme. Both arylamidases require thiol groups and a metal for activity and are strongly inhibited by dipeptides, tripeptides, polylysine, polyarginine, protamine, and the arginine-rich calf thymus histones. The subcellular distribution, the effect of various inhibitors, and the stability of the arylamidases are noted.
Neural network models of managerial judgment

An experiment is presented which compares actual managerial decision-making, decisions based on neural network models, and decisions based on linear regression rules. Since neural networks are thought to be superior in the case of more complex decisions, two level of environmental complexity are also introduced into the study. The study makes use of data from subjects making a production-scheduling decision. The subject's behavior is modeled with linear decision rules and several neural network models. The results for the experiment are not included in the paper because analysis was incomplete. >
In want of a needs analysis: getting to a management program's content and initial design

Purpose – This paper provides a framework for thinking about the purposes and the conducting of a needs analysis task in preparation for crafting the design of a non‐degree management education program.Design/methodology/approach – This paper is the result of numerous years of conducting needs analysis on numerous management education program clients.Findings – Not applicable (not a research paper).Practical implications – The field‐inspired needs analysis framework, along with the sample interview protocol provided, are immediately and broadly applicable to those charged with the design and delivery of non‐degree management education programs.Originality/value – In a concise and comprehensive manner, readers are provided a framework for conceptualizing, planning, and executing a non‐degree management education program needs analysis task. In addition, an example of a needs analysis interview protocol is provided that is ready to use.
Basic Characteristics of Global Scale Diffusion in the Troposphere

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the statistical characteristics of the horizontal component of the turbulent dispersion of marked air particles in an instantaneous source and from a fixed source by the large-scale atmospheric motion. The chapter focuses on the general characteristics of the large-scale turbulent motion. Turbulent motion among particles is nonstationary in nature, and the rate of dispersion among them generally increases with an increasing diffusion time. To construct a model for the relative dispersion of marked air particles by the large-scale motion in the atmosphere, the mechanism for the relative dispersion of particles (turbulent motion among particles) is considered in the chapter. The autocorrelations of the Lagrangian zonal (longitudinal) and meridional (transversal) velocities of particles released from a fixed point are computed with the use of the geostrophic velocities and the wind data deduced from the constant pressure balloon flights at 300 mb for 1957–1958. Tests have shown that Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis, which applies to the waves of nondispersive nature, is not applicable to the large-scale turbulence in the atmosphere.
SOME CONSEQUENCES OF A CLASS OF GASEOUS GALACTIC HALO MODELS

If a significant fraction of QSO absorption line systems arises in halos of normal galaxies, absorber statistical data will tell us a lot about the structure of the gaseous envelopes of galaxies. Comparison of a class of density profile models for the metal-absorbing halos of luminous galaxies with the recent Lyα empirical data is presented. Cosmological mass fraction contained in such gas is also briefly discussed. It is shown that important constraints on the model parameters can be inferred in this way.
GIT1, a Gene Encoding a Novel Transporter for Glycerophosphoinositol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Phosphatidylinositol catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells cultured in media containing inositol results in the release of glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) into the medium. As the extracellular concentration of inositol decreases with growth, the released GroPIns is transported back into the cell. Exploiting the ability of the inositol auxotroph, ino1, to use exogenous GroPIns as an inositol source, we have isolated mutants (Git-) defective in the uptake and metabolism of GroPIns. One mutant was found to be affected in the gene encoding the transcription factor, SPT7. Mutants of the positive regulatory gene INO2, but not of its partner, INO4, also have the Git- phenotype. Another mutant was complemented by a single open reading frame (ORF) termed GIT1 (glycerophosphoinositol). This ORF consists of 1556 bp predicted to encode a polypeptide of 518 amino acids and 57.3 kD. The predicted Git1p has similarity to a variety of S. cerevisiae transporters, including a phosphate transporter (Pho84p), and both inositol transporters (Itr1p and Itr2p). Furthermore, Git1p contains a sugar transport motif and 12 potential membrane-spanning domains. Transport assays performed on a git1 mutant together with the above evidence indicate that the GIT1 gene encodes a permease involved in the uptake of GroPIns.
Recurrent Encephalopathy and Seizures as a Manifestation of Ibuprofen Meningoencephalitis (P5.099)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with recurrent encephalopathy and seizures due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced lymphocytic meningoencephalitis. BACKGROUND: Drug induced aseptic meningitis is a diagnostic challenge since the two most common culprits (NSAIDs and antibiotics) are often used in febrile illness. Ibuprofen is the most common NSAID causing this syndrome. CSF usually shows a neutrophilic predominance, while seizures are uncommon. DESIGN/METHODS: Case Report RESULTS: A 35-year-old man developed encephalopathy and seizures after taking acetaminophen and ibuprofen for a viral-like illness of mild fevers, myalgia, and nausea. Brain MRI was normal, and CSF showed a mild lymphocytic pleocytosis. EEG was unremarkable. Empiric antimicrobials were started, but extensive testing was negative. He returned to his baseline within days. Two years later he again presented with encephalopathy and seizures in the setting of viral-like symptoms that he treated with ibuprofen. MRI was normal and CSF showed a lymphocytic pleocytosis. EEG was unremarkable. Extensive microbiological testing was normal and he again returned to his normal baseline within days. Ibuprofen-associated meningoencephalitis was diagnosed. These were his only two definite exposures to ibuprofen. He has since avoided all NSAIDs without further episodes of encephalopathy or seizures over the past 2 years. CONCLUSIONS: This patient had ibuprofen-induced lymphocytic meningoencephalitis. Lymphocytic (rather than neutrophilic) CSF pleocytosis and seizure are uncommon manifestations of this condition. The pathogenesis of NSAID-induced meningoencephalitis is not clearly understood, but may be a hypersensitivity mechanism confined to the CNS. Differentiating between NSAID-induced and viral meningoencephalitis is challenging. In this case, the rapid recovery and extensive negative microbiology workup in each instance helped with diagnosis. Drug challenge is the classic confirmatory test for adverse drug reactions; however, this is not routinely recommended for non-essential medications causing severe reactions. Drug avoidance is the definitive long-term management. Disclosure: Dr. Amin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lewis has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the journals Neurology and Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, and has received royalties for book authorship and editorship from Wolters Kluwer and Wiley-Blackwell.
Some remarks on the resemblance theorems associated with various orthonormalization procedures

A survey is given of the resemblance theorems associated with various types of orthonormalization procedures having different kinds of symmetry properties appearing in the current literature. It is shown that the proofs for the minimum properties are closely connected with the fact that the Hilbert–Schmidt norm of an operator is always nonnegative and has the lowest value equal to zero. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Death, Grief, and the Dental Practitioner: Thanatology as Related to Dentistry

Significant oral problems commonly occur in the dying patient. The education of the dental practitioner to patient management should include concepts related to the dying, as well as to loss and grief reactions that may necessitate dental or oral treatment, or be precipitated by these treatments.
Baclofen for alcohol dependence: a preliminary open-label study.

Background: Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that the γ-aminobutyric acid-B agonist baclofen may be an effective treatment for reducing alcohol consumption. This preliminary open-label investigation examined the tolerability and effect of a 30-mg daily baclofen dose for reducing drinking, subclinical anxiety and depressive symptoms, and craving in alcohol-dependent subjects. Methods: Nine men and three women participated in a 12-week trial during which they took baclofen on a 10 mg thrice-daily regimen and received four sessions of motivational enhancement therapy. Each participant received a comprehensive physical and psychiatric screening before being enrolled. At each visit, side effects were monitored with a revised version of the Systematic Assessment of Treatment Emergent Events-General Inquiry, and drinking data were collected via the timeline follow-back interview. Participants also completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale at each visit. Results: Baclofen was reasonably tolerated. Two participants discontinued because of side effects. No serious adverse events were noted. Six other individuals did not complete the trial. Overall, there were statistically significant reductions in the number of drinks per drinking day and the number of heavy-drinking days, and there was an increase in the number of abstinent days. Significant decreases in anxiety and craving were also shown. Conclusions: These findings suggest that baclofen is reasonably tolerated in an alcohol-dependent population, although the high dropout rate in the study is of concern. Baclofen may be effective for the reduction of drinking, anxiety, and craving for some alcohol-dependent individuals. A larger-scale placebo-controlled study is needed to further explore these effects and to determine the characteristics of those who respond to this medication. ey Words: Baclofen, Open-Label, Drinking Reduction, Anxiety, Craving.
Pediatric heart transplantation: Intraoperative and perioperative management

Abstract As reviewed here, improvements in surgical reconstructive techniques have markedly increased the number infants with complex and critical congenital heart defects who can have successful heart transplantation. The use of new, improved immunosuppressive agents has significantly reduced the morbidity of pediatric heart transplantation, and it should also increase long-term survival rates after heart, heart-lung, and lung transplantation in infants and children.
Cyanolipids in Cordia verbenacea—a correction

Abstract Seeds of materials previously identified as Cordia verbenacea were re-examined and found to be from a sapindaceous plant, probably of the genus Allophyllus . The anomalous occurence of cyanolipids in this member of the Boraginaceae is thus resolved.
Slow-binding inhibition of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica by peptide thiols: synthesis and spectroscopic characterization.

Peptide-derived thiols of the general structure N-mercaptoacyl-leucyl-p-nitroanilide (1a−c) were synthesized and found to be potent, slow-binding inhibitors of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas pro...
Economic hardship, religion and mental health during the midwestern farm crisis ☆

Abstract Macro-level economic decline is usually assumed to affect the mental health of individuals but the process by which this occurs and factors that moderate are still not well understood. This study builds from three bodies of literature to address how economic hardship, religion and psychosocial variables affect mental health outcomes in the context of widespread economic crisis in the farm sector. (Parallels exist with other sectors where plant closings, job loss and unemployment occur.) Differential effects of economic hardship and religion were examined using a sample of 800 Ohio farm men and women who experienced the 1980s Midwestern farm crisis. Findings demonstrated that economic hardship was a consistent predictor of stress and depression for both genders. Membership in Fundamentalist denominations increased men's well-being. Affiliation with any religious group enhanced women's mental health. Physical health and social support were associated with lower stress and depression. Coping techniques had mixed effects on stress and depression with both avoidance/denial and support seeking associated with more adverse mental health outcomes. This study shows that macro-level structural changes can result in a context of economic hardship where factors assumed to buffer adverse mental health outcomes fail to do so and where previously neglected factors, such as religion, become important mediators of hardship.
An Eye-Tracking Study of Java Programmers and Application to Source Code Summarization

Source Code Summarization is an emerging technology for automatically generating brief descriptions of code. Current summarization techniques work by selecting a subset of the statements and keywords from the code, and then including information from those statements and keywords in the summary. The quality of the summary depends heavily on the process of selecting the subset: a high-quality selection would contain the same statements and keywords that a programmer would choose. Unfortunately, little evidence exists about the statements and keywords that programmers view as important when they summarize source code. In this paper, we present an eye-tracking study of 10 professional Java programmers in which the programmers read Java methods and wrote English summaries of those methods. We apply the findings to build a novel summarization tool. Then, we evaluate this tool. Finally, we further analyze the programmers’ method summaries to explore specific keyword usage and provide evidence to support the development of source code summarization systems.
PREVENTION OF ACUTE PORPHYRIC ATTACKS BY INTRAVENOUS HÆMATIN

A thirty-three-year-old female with acute intermittent porphyria (A.I.P.) was having regular attacks of the disease with her menstrual periods. During several of these attacks she received intravenous haematin, which was followed by chemical and clinical remissions. Hormones failed to prevent the regular attacks, which were completely prevented by 200 mg of haematin, given approximately once a week for six months. There were no changes in menstruation. The monthly attacks recurred on withdrawal of haematin.
A comparison of sex differences in career and achievement motivation in Iran and the U.S.

Abstract Differences in career and achievement motivation of U.S. and Iranian male and female college and high school students were compared, employing recently developed cross-cultural methodology. Of particular interest was the differential shift in achievement orientation at different age levels in the two cultural samples. Whereas achieving and career orientations were found to be higher in the U.S. college than in U.S. high school samples, the reverse was true in the Iranian samples. Compatible with observations made elsewhere, this suggests that age-related waxing and waning of achieving orientations occur in different cycles in different cultures. Also of interest was that the culture main effect was not significant but that the culture × sex interaction was. Thus, overall, achieving orientations between the culture samples were not different but Iranian males and females exhibited greater differences in achieving orientations than did U.S. subjects, as was predicted.