cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synchronized views for exploring populations of neurons

Davis (Data Viewing System) is a general-purpose data viewer designed for the simultaneous display of a large number of dynamic data sets. Davis was inspired by the need to explore computational models of the cerebral cortex. These systems are distinguished by complex dynamic elements interconnected in irregular patterns. Neuroscientists study the detailed behavior of individual elements and how these elements interact to achieve cortical function. This paper describes Davis and its use in cortical visualization. Davis is written in Java and can be run from a browser or as a standalone application. Users must provide an XML description of their data, which Davis uses for its menus, browsing and visualization. Davis visualizations can be applied to any collection of space-time data sets, and the Davis infrastructure allows visualizations to be added easily. Davis handles the synchronization of different visualizations and encapsulates different threading policies.
Improved outcomes of patients with end-stage cystic fibrosis requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure.

Study Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an antibiotic strategy with intravenous (IV) continuous infusion of a β-lactam (CIBL) antibiotic and high-dose extended-interval (HDEI) tobramycin upon outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for acute respiratory failure.
Director and layer structure of SSFLC cells

Abstract X-ray scattering and optical studies reveal two key features of Surface Stabilized Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (SSFLC) cell structure: (1) The temperature dependence of the layer thickness is an important effect in determining both the layer and director-polarization structure; and (2) There exists in some SSFLC cells an internal FLC—FLC interface, where surface stabilization of the director-polarization field occurs in addition to that at the FLC—substrate interface.
Architectonic subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar in New World and Old World monkeys

Architectonic subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar (PI) complex were delineated in New World owl and squirrel monkeys and Old World macaque monkeys. Brain sections were processed for Nissl substance, myelin, cytochrome oxidase (CO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin-D28K (Cb), or with the monoclonal antibody Cat-301. In all three primates, we identified the posterior nucleus (PIp) and the medial nucleus (PIm) of previous reports, and divided the previously recognized central nucleus (PIc) into two subdivisions, medial (PIcm) and lateral (PIcl). Each nucleus had several features that allowed it to be readily distinguished. (1) PIp was dark in Cb, and moderately dark in AChE and CO preparations. (2) PIm was Cb light, and AChE and CO dark. (3) PIcm was Cb dark, and AChE and CO light. (4) PIcl was Cb moderate with a scattering of dark neurons, and moderately dark for AChE and CO. (5) In sections processed for Cat-301, PIm in macaque monkeys and PIcm and PIp in squirrel monkeys stained darkly, while little staining was apparent in owl monkeys. The results allowed subdivisions of the inferior pulvinar to be more clearly defined, homologized, and compared across taxa. All monkeys appear to have the same four subdivisions of the PI, although properties vary.
ETA receptor blockade prevents renal dysfunction in salt-sensitive hypertension induced by sensory denervation

To test the hypothesis that activation of the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor contributes to decreased renal excretory function and increased blood pressure in sensory nerve-degenerated rats fed a...
InGaAs (110) Surface Cleaning Using Atomic Hydrogen

A major obstacle facing III-V semiconductor based metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is the large density of trap states that exist at the semiconductor/oxide interface.[1] These trap states can pin the Fermi level preventing the MOSFET from acting as a switch in logic devices. Several sources of Fermi level pinning have been proposed including oxidation of the III-V substrate.[2, 3] In order to minimize the presence of III-V oxides it is crucial to employ either an ex-situ etch or to use an in-situ method such as atomic hydrogen cleaning.[4, 5] Although atomic H cleaning of III-V surfaces is well known, it has never been demonstrated on InGaAs (110) crystallographic faces. Furthermore, tri-gate field effect transistors (finFETs) have recently been employed in commercially available logic chips.[6] This unique device architecture allows for a reduction in short channel effects, minimization of the subthreshold swing, and a higher transconductance.[7] The InGaAs (110) surface would be the sidewalls of a vertically aligned (001) based finFETs.[8] Therefore, it is essential to find an in-situ method to efficiently remove any oxides or contamination from the (110) surfaces that is also compatible with the (001) surface. In this study, STM was employed to determine if atomic hydrogen can be used to remove the native oxide from air exposed InGaAs (110) samples. A post clean anneal was used to restore the surface to molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) levels of cleanliness.
Gatekeeping in Virtual Communities: On Politics of Power in Cyberspace

Gatekeeping/Information Control is exercised frequently and daily in virtual communities. Gatekeeping exists in four different levels: Regulators, service providers, communities managers and members of communities. The article analyzes the sensitive balance of relationships among these stakeholders. Additionally, it examines how information control is being exercised in forums and more specifically constructs explanatory models which explain different reasons for deleting messages in forums. The empirical examination combined qualitative and quantitative methods, integrating content analysis along aside data mining, over data of three years on 715 virtual communities. The results suggest behavior patterns of users in virtual communities that can be identified and addressed. Three levels that impact gatekeeping nature are analyzed — the gatekeepers, the community and the gated while addressing: first, the duality of gatekeepers as protectors or manipulators; second, the politics of power of marginalized groups in cyberspace and finally, the meaning of anonymity to information control through looking at history of users activities and gender.
Multilingual search strategies

We explored the search strategies of multilingual searchers, i.e., users who use multiple languages when searching for information. We wanted to understand factors that determine the language multilingual searchers choose to search in, if they switch languages within a search task, and if they encounter challenges when searching in a non-native language. Our results indicate that availability and perceived quality of information were the primary reasons for searching in a non-native language. Language switching within a search only occurred when information could not be found with the original search language. We also observed a language-related use case where the goal was not to find information in a typical sense, but rather to check for correct phrases in the non-native language using search engines. Our research highlights several areas of future work for further understanding the multilingual search process.
Measurement of the effect of collimator generated wakefields on the beams in the SLC

Collimators with adjustable jaws are used in the SLC linac, arcs, and final focus to eliminate the tails of the beams that produce backgrounds in the SLD detectors. However, if the beams are not centered within the jaws of the collimators, transverse wakefields are generated which act to increase the beam emittances. The sensitivity to the beam offset is largest in the vertical collimators in the linac where the small beam sizes (<100 /spl mu/m) require that the gap between the jaws be reduced to about a millimeter for effective background reduction. To study the wakefield effect of the collimators, measurements of the induced mean angular kick were made as function of the beam offset in one of the SLC collimators. We are interested in both the linear (dipole) behavior near the axis of the collimator and the nonlinear behavior near the jaws of the collimator. In this paper we present the results together with a comparison to theoretical predictions. Besides helping us to quantify the effect of the collimators in the SLC these results are also useful in understanding their effect in future linear colliders, in which collimators will also be important components.
Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Computer Families

This correspondence proposes a model using microcycle and memory read pause times to account for variation in performance between members of a computer family. Wben applied to the DEC PDP-11 and IBM S/360-S/370 families, the model explains over 90 percent of the variation. This model is useful for initial family planning, as well as design of individual family members.
Spectral Signature Classification Using A Support Vector Classifier For Real-Time Instrumentation

The research WSR-88D (weather surveillance radar) locally operated by the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman has the unique capability of collecting massive volumes of Level I time series data over many hours which provides a rich environment for evaluating our new post-processing algorithms. In this work, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is employed to identify tornado vortices based on their characteristic Doppler spectra and eigen analysis technique. A SVM-based classifier evades the pitfalls of the traditional statistical learning algorithms, such as neural networks, by setting up a convex optimization problem with a single global minimum. In addition, through the use of kernels and nonlinear mapping to higher dimensional spaces, the SVM classifier is able to effectively handle nonlinear classification problems. Finally, the SVM classifier has the added advantage of reducing overfitting by constructing a maximum margin separating hyperplane in a higher dimensional feature space which ensures a small generalization error bound .
The carboxy-terminal third of dystrophin enhances actin binding activity.

Abstract Dystrophin is an actin binding protein that is thought to stabilize the cardiac and skeletal muscle cell membranes during contraction. Here, we investigated the contributions of each dystrophin domain to actin binding function. Cosedimentation assays and pyrene–actin fluorescence experiments confirmed that a fragment spanning two-thirds of the dystrophin molecule [from N-terminal actin binding domain (ABD) 1 through ABD2] bound actin filaments with high affinity and protected filaments from forced depolymerization, but was less effective in both assays than full-length dystrophin. While a construct encoding the C-terminal third of dystrophin displayed no specific actin binding activity or competition with full-length dystrophin, our data show that it confers an unexpected regulation of actin binding by the N-terminal two-thirds of dystrophin when present in cis. Time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy experiments demonstrated that the presence of the C-terminal third of dystrophin in cis also influences actin interaction by restricting actin rotational amplitude. We propose that the C-terminal region of dystrophin allosterically stabilizes an optimal actin binding conformation of dystrophin.
Positional goods, climate change and the social returns to investment ∗

The economic analysis of global warming is dominated by models based on optimal growth theory. This approach can generate biases in the presence of positional goods and status effects. We show that by ignoring these direct consumption externalities, integrated assessment models overestimate the social return to conventional investment and underestimate the optimal amount of investment in mitigation. Empirical evidence on the influence of relative consumption on utility suggests that the bias could be quantitatively significant. Our results from a simple survey support this conclusion.
Medicare’s New Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program Is Likely To Have Only A Small Impact On Hospital Payments

Medicare's new hospital pay-for-performance program for all acute care hospitals will begin in October 2012. It will be the largest Medicare quality improvement initiative for hospitals to date. Using 2009 data on hospital performance, we calculated hospital performance scores and projected payments under the new program for all eligible hospitals. Despite differences across hospitals in terms of performance, expected changes in payments were small, even for hospitals with the best and worst performance scores. Almost two-thirds of hospitals would experience changes of just a fraction of 1 percent. Although the program will in effect redistribute resources among hospitals, our data suggest that the redistribution is not likely to cause major problems because the amount being redistributed is also small. These results raise questions about whether the new pay-for-performance program will substantially alter the quality of hospital care, and they highlight the challenges of designing effective quality improvement incentives.
A passive mechanism for insertion of convex pegs

The author expands on some recent results for more generalized insertions in robotics to develop and analyze a passive mechanism capable of inserting arbitrary convex shaped parts. He implemented the strategies of H. Inoue (1979) and S. Simunovic (1979) on a system comprised of commercially available components (a PUMA 560 robot and an Astek six-axis force-torque sensor). It was not possible to use either of these strategies to insert parts of even modest clearance due to the requirements for precision in force sensor measurements and in position measurements at the end of guarded moves. The author was successful, however, in using force-servoing of the PUMA to implement a remote center of compliance. With the PUMA and a servo-based remote center of compliance, he was able to insert chamfered 1 in. pegs with clearance of 0.001 in. >
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with the development of a wide spectrum of kidney diseases. HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in HIV-infected individuals and predominantly affects patients of African ancestry. HIVAN is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among African–Americans. Areas covered: An overview of the spectrum of kidney disease in patients with HIV is given. Current pharmacologic interventions to treat kidney disease in HIV are discussed. This review will enhance knowledge regarding the most common causes of kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. An understanding of the principles related to pharmacotherapy in HIV-infected patients with kidney disease will also be gained. Expert opinion: Kidney disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease in this population is HIV-associated nephropathy, which is ...
Lactate dehydrogenase activity in bovine muscle as a means of determining heating endpoint.

Influence of pH, salt, phosphate, cooking temperature, muscle variation, carcass sex and maturity on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27) activity in bovine tissue slurries was investigated. LDH activity declined sharply as temperature neared 63°C at pH 5.6 and 6.4, but no activity was detected at pH 4.8. As salt and phosphate concentrations increased, LDH activity decreased. LDH activity varied greatly from muscle to muscle. Carcasses did not differ in LDH activity by sex, but showed a decrease in activity as maturity increased. LDH has potential as a determinant of the minimum heating endpoint in precooked beef and a rapid analytical test could be developed.
Consensus on Climate Trends in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones

AbstractResearch on trends in western North Pacific tropical cyclone (TC) activity is limited by problems associated with different wind speed conversions used by the various meteorological agencies. This paper uses a quantile method to effectively overcome this conversion problem. Following the assumption that the intensity ranks of TCs are the same among agencies, quantiles at the same probability level in different data sources are regarded as having the same wind speed level. Tropical cyclone data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) are chosen for research and comparison. Trends are diagnosed for the upper 45% of the strongest TCs annually. The 27-yr period beginning with 1984, when the JMA began using the Dvorak (1982) technique, is determined to be the most reliable for achieving consensus among the two agencies regarding these trends. The start year is a compromise between including as many years in the data as possible, but not so many that the period...
Concurrent Mission and Systems Design at NASA Glenn Research Center: The Origins of the Compass Team

Established at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in 2006 to meet the need for rapid mission analysis and multi-disciplinary systems design for in-space and human missions, the Collaborative Modeling for Parametric Assessment of Space Systems (COMPASS) team is a multidisciplinary, concurrent engineering group whose primary purpose is to perform integrated systems analysis, but it is also capable of designing any system that involves one or more of the disciplines present in the team. The authors were involved in the development of the COMPASS team and its design process, and are continuously making refinements and enhancements. The team was unofficially started in the early 2000s as part of the distributed team known as Team JIMO (Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter) in support of the multi-center collaborative JIMO spacecraft design during Project Prometheus. This paper documents the origins of a concurrent mission and systems design team at GRC and how it evolved into the COMPASS team, including defining the process, gathering the team and tools, building the facility, and performing studies.
Sexual differentiation of the zebra finch song system: potential roles for sex chromosome genes

Recent evidence suggests that some sex differences in brain and behavior might result from direct genetic effects, and not solely the result of the organizational effects of steroid hormones. The present study examined the potential role for sex-biased gene expression during development of sexually dimorphic singing behavior and associated song nuclei in juvenile zebra finches. A microarray screen revealed more than 2400 putative genes (with a false discovery rate less than 0.05) exhibiting sex differences in the telencephalon of developing zebra finches. Increased expression in males was confirmed in 12 of 20 by qPCR using cDNA from the whole telencephalon; all of these appeared to be located on the Z sex chromosome. Six of the genes also showed increased expression in one or more of the song control nuclei of males at post-hatching day 25. Although the function of half of the genes is presently unknown, we have identified three as: 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type IV, methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, and sorting nexin 2. The data suggest potential influences of these genes in song learning and/or masculinization of song system morphology, both of which are occurring at this developmental stage.
Adaptive tabular pulse-width control of a prismatically jointed manipulator

Pulse-width control, when applied to single degree-of-freedom systems, has been shown to be very effective in achieving high-precision positioning in systems subject to the undesirable effects of Coulomb friction and stiction. This paper describes continuing work into the application of pulse-width control to systems with more than one degree of freedom. Specifically, this research focuses on the development and implementation of adaptation schemes for tabular pulse-width control. Results are presented based both on simulations and experiments using a two degree-of-freedom prismatically jointed manipulator developed at Bucknell University. These results show that Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) adaptation of tabular pulse-width control consistently achieves positioning accuracies equal to that of the sensing devices employed. Moreover, adaptive tabular pulse-width control is shown to be effective with relatively small tables even with significant parameter variations and problematic system behavior.
Trends in Research on Teaching: an Historical and Critical Overview

Teaching and learning are complex, highly diverse, and frequently individualistic phenomena. That complexity poses a major dilemma in educational research: Since educational phenomena typically are poorly understood, investigating them requires insights from multiple disciplines using multiple kinds of research designs. Further, researchers must thoroughly explore their internal and external characteristics currently, over time, in multiple settings, and with different kinds of teachers and learners. It is difficult to achieve this type of detailed and careful exploration because framing educational problems in terms of complexity pits educational research against political realities. United States’ educational culture, and – by extension – all educational systems influenced by the United States, whether directly through foreign aid, or indirectly through the work of United States’ based educational consultants and United States’ dominated non-governmental organizations and international organizations, have focused on quick fixes and universal solutions. This makes problematic the serious consideration of difficult problems and long-term solutions. It pushes research in education to emphasize products or outcomes (measured in terms of academic achievement and student test scores) directed at identifying short term solutions to what have been defined as single – albeit complex – problems. In part this preference may be driven by a prejudice toward experimental designs that require single causes and favor unambiguous effects; it also may be a function of the technocratic and impatient nature of United States’ culture, which permeates every aspect of the educational system. United States’ culture is reluctant to frame social problems in complex, multi-facetted ways and even more reluctant to view education as an expensive venture, worthwhile at least as much because of its contribution to social justice and the overall common good as because of its contribution to the economy. In this chapter, a distinction is made between educational research, done primarily by investigators in the field of education, and research on school systems and educational phenomena, carried out by researchers in the social and behavioral sciences more broadly. The former is focused primarily on the acts of teaching and learning by teachers and students; its context is narrowly construed as the classroom itself. TRENDS IN RESEARCH ON TEACHING: AN HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL OVERVIEW
Multisensor Techniques for Space Robotics

Space robotics poses unusual challenges to computer vision and multisensor fusion. Applications scenarios include telerobots for on-orbit spacecraft assembly and servicing, also autonomous roving vehicles for planetary exploration and science sample collection. Telerobots will require robot sensors to locate, orient, and verify objects of interest, also to track moving structures for collision avoidance and approach-and-engagement. Autonomous roving will require robot sensors to dynamically map and navigate planetary surfaces, also to identify and locate physical samples of interest. Space imaging conditions for these scenarios include large intensity and spectral ranges, high specularity and deep shadowing, intermittent viewing and viewing occlusion, and the need for fast focus-of-attention and high-fidelity 3-D perception given a limited computational budget.
Multiply Connected Regions

We shall discuss some existence and uniqueness theorems for the conformal mappings of multiply connected regions onto canonical regions. The numerical method presented here is based on Mikhlin’s integral equation formulation on the boundary, which is a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind and has a unique periodic solution.Then a numerical method, called Mayo’s method, that uses a fast Poisson solver for the Laplacian (Mayo 1984) is employed to determine the mapping function in the interior of the region which can be simply, doubly, or multiply connected, with accuracy even near the boundary. This method, in fact, computes the derivatives of the mapping function in the first application and the mapping function itself if applied twice.
Microbiological Quality of Source Waters for Water Supply

Protection of drinking water from contamination by human or other animal excrement in sewage, food processing wastes, and stormwater runoff is of paramount importance to everyone. Public health concerns must also include consideration of the availability of a continuous supply since water is essential to sustain life, with a prime consideration given to the production of water that is free of pathogenic agents and significant levels of toxic chemicals and is aesthetically pleasing in taste and appearance. More often than not, these basic requirements involve protection of water sources, conservation of water resources, and treatment to varying degrees to achieve the desired objective— a safe, continuous supply of drinking water.
Investigation of a near miss shock incident

A near-miss shock incident occurred on a heated air blower control panel during construction activities. This paper describes the investigation and findings of the team, with follow-up items to ensure that future equipment brought to the site will be properly inspected for safe design.
A Human Factors Engineering Study of the Medication Delivery Process during an Anesthetic: Self-filled Syringes versus Prefilled Syringes.

Background:Prefilled syringes (PFS) have been recommended by the Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation. However, aspects in PFS systems compared with self-filled syringes (SFS) systems have never been explored. The aim of this study is to compare system vulnerabilities (SVs) in the two systems and un
In the Pink

I have gone through at least three different attitudes about the relationship of my own PA thinking to traditional PA theory?a white, a green, and now a pink period. Not only are they historical stages, but also I choose to see them as quasi-evolutionary. The pink period in me sees PA theorizing-as-it-should be (not the traditional version) as an artistic or poetic activity, where the intended benefits-for-PA are limited to space clearing for PA practice to turn more resolutely toward the truly human. By truly human, I mean where each and every individual is treated in her fullest human dimensions (psycho, socio, bio, spiritual and other dimensions)?treated as if each person were a poet. The pink period in me sees traditional PA theory, in terms of the aim of fostering the fully human, not only as basically irrelevant but also as distracting or harmful. This stage declares my independence. Forget traditional PA theory?and forget the attitudes and practice that engender it! At least, that's how it seems to me now. The poetic imagination is too much of a stranger in traditional PA theory, even in the context of discovery it seems to me?similar to the way I imagine that such poetry as is involved in theoretical chemistry or physics is alien to alchemy. The poetic imagination, as I understand it (2003), is part of what Aristotle called contemplation. It includes what that involves, e.g. being thoroughly open to surprises in seeking what is truly human. At a minimum, the poetic imagination has the utility of not being chained to optimism about the prospects for?and to what seems useful for?making gold out of the baser metals of public administration experience. For instance, which traditional PA conference will be the first to adopt as its theme "PA and Agnatology?" Alien sounding for traditional PA, agnatology is the study of the cultural production
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF Cu+-β″-ALUMINAS

Previous studies [1,2] have found that the entire sodium ion content of sodium β″-alumina can readily be replaced by a variety of monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations. In several cases, it has been found that the resultant material has interesting optical properties in addition to fast ion transport. For example, Nd3+ ion exchanged β″-alumina single crystals have been found to exhibit both pulsed and cw laser action, as well as degenerate four-wave mixing [3,4]. The research on lanthanide β″-aluminas prompted our interest in the 3d-transition metals as candidates for exchange into β″-alumina. We have investigated several ions within this series and found them to exhibit broadband, vibronic transitions similar to that observed in other hosts [5].
Improving UCT planning via approximate homomorphisms

In this paper we show how abstractions can help UCT's performance. Ideal abstractions are homomorphisms because they preserve optimal policies, but they rarely exist, and are computationally hard to find even when they do. We show how a combination of (i) finding local abstractions in the layered-DAG MDP induced by a set of UCT trajectories (rather than finding abstractions in the global MDP), and (ii) accepting approximate homomorphisms, leads to greater prevalence of good abstractions and makes them computationally easier to find. We propose an algorithm for finding abstractions in UCT planning and derive a lower bound on its performance. We show empirically that it improves performance on illustrative tasks, and on the game of Othello.
Corrosion Assessment of Coupled Steel Reinforcement with Ni-Ti–Based Shape Memory Alloy in Simulated-Concrete Pore Solution

AbstractThough the mechanical properties of shape-memory alloys (SMAs) make them a promising material for reinforcement in concrete structures, their electrochemical behavior in concrete environments has not previously been studied. This study investigated the influence of galvanic coupling between a nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti)–based SMA and a low-carbon steel on their corrosion performance in simulated concrete pore solution. Three measurement cells were considered: SMA alone, low-carbon steel alone, and one with the coupled SMA and carbon steel. The specimens were immersed in the chloride-free pore solution for 20 days and then 3% by weight of NaCl was added to the solution. The specimens were then kept in the chloride-contaminated solution for 70 days. The corrosion resistances of the specimens were assessed by different electrochemical measurement techniques. The results of the electrochemical experiments showed a significant increase in corrosion activity of the coupled specimens compared with that for o...
7Li and 51V MAS NMR Study of the Electrochemical Behavior of Li1+xV3O8

7Li and 51V MAS NMR spectra acquired during the electrochemical cycling of the layered battery material Li1+xV3O8 have been used to follow the local structural and electronic changes that occur during the different stages of intercalation/deintercalation. Several resonances are observed using 51V MAS NMR and an attempt to assign them to the different vanadium sites on the basis of the differences in the width of their sidebands manifolds is made. Both the 51V and 7Li NMR spectra show multiple vanadium and lithium local environments, and the spectra cannot be explained by using a simple model, based on the number of crystallographically distinct vanadium sites. Deintercalated samples with x close to 0 (prepared at potentials of 4.2 V vs Li) give 51V spectra with very poor resolution. On lithium intercalation, the 51V NMR resonances sharpen and shift to higher frequencies; three sharp resonances along with two broader resonances are clearly resolved for the samples prepared at potentials of 3.4 and 3.0 V (x...
CONENOSE BUGS (TRIATOMA) VISIT UNOCCUPIED BOY'S CAMP IN LOS ANGELES.

Previous studies of Wood (1953, 1960) and Mehringer et al (1958, 1961) have shown Triatoma protracta protracta (Uhler) to be a pest of man in Griffith Park Youth Camps. The bugs attack man under temperature stress and during absence of natural rodent hosts. Details of habitat are described by Mehringer & Wood (1958). During the summers of 1962 & 1963, the Boys' Camp (City Fire Dept. Map Areas 29 & 30) remained unoccupied except for caretaker Arthur L. Gladwill. Collections were made of Triatoma during 25 July-21 Aug. 1963 (Anderson) and continued to 14 Oct. by Gladwill who compiled most of the data.
Epidemic status of HFMD in preschools of Jinshan District of Shanghai City in 2011

[Objective]To understand the epidemic and infection status of clusters of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in preschools of Jinshan District of Shanghai City,and provide theoretical basis for the further development of the preschools HFMD prevention and control programs.[Methods]The epidemic data of clusters of HFMD were collected and analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0.[Results]A total of 85 clusters of preschools HFMD were reported in Jinshan District in 2011,with the 298 cases and the incidence rate of 1.40%.The clusters concentrated mainly in October to December,with 58 were reported,accounting for 68.24%,with more male cases than female cases,the difference was significant(χ2 = 133.98,P 0.01).The scale of 2 to 5 children accounted for 89.41% of all clusters.The median duration of clusters of disease was 4d.The incidence of HFMD in private kindergartens was higher than that in public kindergartens,with significant difference(χ2 = 43.61,P 0.01).Clusters of disease mainly caused by pathogens EV71.[Conclusion]Early warning and monitoring,promotion of health education and health behavior of HFMD Should be further strengthened in preschools of this district.
Elevated Serum Secretory Immunoglobulin a Levels in Patients with Head and Neck Carcinoma

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SlgA) is a major component of the secretory immune system and has been demonstrated in the sera of patients with various pathologic conditions. Current studies were undertaken to quantitate secretory components (SC) in sera of patients with squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck region by means of a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Patients with head and neck carcinoma were found to have threefold higher levels of SC (1.54 ± 0.74 mg/ml) compared to normal controls (0.51 ± 0.22mg/ml, P < .0001). Of interest was that the sera of patients who had successfully been treated 2 to 6 months prior to the study demonstrated statistically lower levels than those of patients with untreated carcinoma or recurrent disease. SC in sera appears to be in the form of SlgA. The origin and diagnostic significance of SC are briefly discussed.
Calories and cancer.

The author presents the hypothesis that no single nutrient or class of food by itself significantly affects risk for most cancers. Rather, it is the dietary pattern or the mix of nutrients and foods that affects cancer risk. And the overall caloric intake or perhaps the caloric balance is central to whether a particular dietary pattern will affect cancer risk. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis, as well as implications if correct, is also presented.
Effectiveness of a community‐based nutrition programme to improve child growth in rural Ethiopia: a cluster randomized trial

Few trials have shown that promoting complementary feeding among young children is effective in improving child linear growth in resource-challenged settings. We designed a community-based participatory nutrition promotion (CPNP) programme adapting a Positive Deviance/Hearth approach that engaged mothers in 2-week nutrition sessions using the principles of ‘learning by doing’ around child feeding. We aimed to test the effectiveness of the CPNP for improving child growth in rural Ethiopia. A cluster randomized trial was implemented by adding the CPNP to the existing government nutrition programmes (six clusters) vs. government programmes only (six clusters). A total of 1790 children aged 6 to 12 months (876 in the intervention and 914 in the control areas) were enrolled and assessed on anthropometry every 3 months for a year. Multi-level mixed-effect regression analysis of longitudinal outcome data (n = 1475) examined the programme impact on growth, adjusting for clustering and enrollment characteristics. Compared with children 6 to 24 months of age in the control area, those in the intervention area had a greater increase in z scores for length-for-age [difference (diff): 0.021 z score/month, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.034] and weight-for-length (diff: 0.042 z score/month, 95% CI: 0.024, 0.059). At the end of the 12-month follow-up, children in the intervention area showed an 8.1% (P = 0.02) and 6.3% (P = 0.046) lower prevalence of stunting and underweight, respectively, after controlling for differences in the prevalence at enrollment, compared with the control group. A novel CPNP programme was effective in improving child growth and reducing undernutrition in this setting. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Structure of Optimal Solutions to Periodic-Review Total-Cost Inventory Control Problems

This paper describes the structure of optimal policies for discounted periodic-review single-commodity total-cost inventory control problems with fixed ordering costs for finite and infinite horizons. There are known conditions in the literature for optimality of $(s_t,S_t)$ policies for finite-horizon problems and the optimality of $(s,S)$ policies for infinite-horizon problems. The results of this paper cover the situation, when such assumption may not hold. This paper describes a parameter, which, together with the value of the discount factor and the horizon length, defines the structure of an optimal policy. For the infinite horizon, depending on the values of this parameter and the discount factor, an optimal policy either is an $(s,S)$ policy or never orders inventory. For a finite horizon, depending on the values of this parameter, the discount factor, and the horizon length, there are three possible structures of an optimal policy: (i) it is an $(s_t,S_t)$ policy, (ii) it is an $(s_t,S_t)$ policy at earlier stages and then does not order inventory, or (iii) it never orders inventory. The paper also establishes continuity of optimal value functions and describes alternative optimal actions at states $s_t$ and $s.$
Microcalorimetric Investigation of Recrystallization of Copper

An isothermal jacket microcalorimeter, supplemented by metallographic, microhardness, and X-ray measurements has been used to study the isothermal annealing of high purity copper after room temperature tensile deformation. The amount of stored energy released during annealing has been measured as a function of deformation in the range 10.8 to 39.5 pet elongation. The data have shown the major heat effect to be associated with recrystallization and have allowed an analysis of the recrystallization kinetics and the calculation of activation energies of recrystallization.
Men with Anterior Urethral Strictures are Often Treated without Imaging or Discussion of all Treatment Options

AbstractIntroduction: We determined how men presenting to our institution with anterior urethral strictures and recurrent strictures after treatment were evaluated, counseled and treated.Methods: A prospective study was performed of all patients presenting to our institution with recurrent anterior urethral stricture disease between 2011 and 2014. Outside records were reviewed and all patients were queried to determine if they had any urethral imaging before treatment, what treatment was given and what other options were discussed. Patients were excluded from the study if they had a history of hypospadias, or if they were initially treated more than 10 years ago or treated outside of the United States.Results: A total of 100 men were included in the study, of whom 89 (89%) had prior treatment with urethral dilation or endoscopic incision. Of these patients 81 (91%) were treated without prior urethral imaging. Of the 90 patients who were treated or advised to have treatment with direct visual internal uret...
Green tricycle design through experiential learning — an open courseware enriching engineering curriculum and entrepreneurship

ABSTRACTAristotle once said, “For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them” [3]. In this paper, an open courseware that enriches engineering curriculum and entrepreneurship by designing a green tricycle through experiential learning is presented. A green tricycle, which provides short-range transportation at low cost, powered by green energy and human power, is employed as a platform to empower students with the practice that brings their idea into reality. This courseware composed of ten lessons guides students to design, analyze, and fabricate prototypes of green tricycles following an e-Design paradigm and modern computer-aided technology; as well as develop business plans to bring their ideas into practice through entrepreneurial activity. The end result is a great experience for young engineers who become confident in the value of their own ideas and have the tools necessary to bring their ideas into practice and eventually commercial products.
A Rare Case of Stroke Secondary to Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Young Female Patient

Ischemic strokes occur when there is a sudden obstruction of an artery supplying blood flow to an area of the brain, leading to a focal neurological deficit. Strokes can be thrombotic or embolic in etiology and are associated with underlying conditions such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Possible etiologies of strokes include cardioembolic disease, hematologic disorders, connective tissue disorders, and substance abuse or can be cryptogenic. Most stroke cases are seen in patients over 65 years of age. However, about one-fourth of strokes occur in young adults. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been described as a known cause for strokes in children, but very few case reports describe this association in adults. We describe a 20-year-old female who presented with sudden onset left side weakness. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrated ischemic infarctions. Patient was also found to be severely anemic. Patient had a thorough work-up including Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) of the brain, echocardiogram, and an extensive screen for thrombophilia disorders. This, however, did not demonstrate a clear etiology. As it has been suggested that IDA is a potential cause for stroke, it is possible the stroke in this young patient was attributable to severe IDA.
Development and Evaluation of a Computer-Based ROPS Design Program.

Abstract. Tractor overturn is the leading cause of agricultural fatalities in the U.S. Most of these fatalities can be eliminated using a rollover protective structure (ROPS) and a seatbelt. Unfortunately, not all agricultural tractors designed to support ROPS have ROPS designs. A computer-based ROPS design program (CRDP) was developed and successfully tested to provide quick and simple two-post, rear axle-mounted ROPS designs based on SAE Standard J2194. The program uses the tractor dimensions and mass to calculate the dimensions needed for ROPS components. Excel was used as the framework to provide the input, calculation, and ROPS drawing worksheets. Three ROPS (for Massey Ferguson 265, Long 460, and Allis Chalmers 5040 tractors) were designed and constructed using the CRDP. Static rear, side, and vertical tests were conducted based on SAE J2194 on two of the ROPS. All ROPS performance deflection (RPD) tests were less than the ROPS allowable deflection (RAD), indicating that the ROPS passed the static tests. The third ROPS was successfully mounted on the tractor axle housing within one hour, demonstrating the ease of installation using a bolted corner bracket design. Although the CRDP provided quick and simple ROPS designs, this program does not eliminate the requirement to conduct and pass the performance tests for ROPS designs specified in OSHA and SAE standards.
Spectral phenomenology of historical parchments and inks to aid cultural heritage imaging system development

Cultural Heritage Imaging is a rapidly expanding area of research utilizing multi and hyperspectral imaging systems to study historical artifacts of significance. Current imaging systems are based on colored LED illumination and select filter wheels to produce imagery in reflective, transmissive, and fluorescent modalities. The advent of new, smaller, hyperspectral systems provides an opportunity to re-think the imaging system for this particular application. This project is to assist in the design and development of a new hyperspectral imaging system for imaging historical documents. Specifically, this project will conduct a band selection study for the imaging system to use for this application, which leads to decisions such as which illumination sources, sensors, and filters should be available on the new imaging system. This paper will present spectral measurements of representative parchments, inks, and reagents. Measurements will be made using a point spectrometer covering 0.4 - 2.4 um. Fluorescence will be measured using a UV illumination LED in a darkened room. Measurements will be made of both bare parchment as well as parchment with ink and reagent applied.
A Study of Consumer Handling Behaviors during Transport from Retail to Residence Utilizing an Electronic Questionnaire

A critical problem in the field of meat science is the lack of understanding of consumer handling practices during transport from retail to residence. The objective of this study was to investigate consumer behaviors regarding fresh beef product handling, specifically during the period of transport from retail to residence, utilizing an electronic questionnaire. A 13-item questionnaire utilizing the Qualtrics survey platform was distributed across the United States through web-based platforms. A 43 d response period generated 1,554 responses with 1,484 completed questionnaires yielding a 95.5% completion rate. The survey revealed 46.9% of respondents shop between 17:00 h and 20:59 h. Exactly 42.5% of respondents checkout between 11 and 20 min after fresh beef product selection and placement in cart. Upon check-out, 79.6% of respondents return home from the grocery store in 20 min or less. Fresh beef products are most commonly placed in either the rear seat/floor of the vehicle or the trunk/cargo space for transport. Of the 25.8% of respondents who ran errands with a fresh beef product left in the vehicle, 60.6% admitted to leaving the fresh beef product in the vehicle between 6 and 20 min. Approximately, 55.7% do not use an insulted container to transport fresh beef products. For respondents who did use an insulated container, a bag is most commonly used for temperature abuse protection during vehicular transport. The questionnaire revealed age, gender, ethnicity, and level of attained education influenced handling behavior in retail and during transport to residence (P < 0.05). Results indicate the need for continued dissemination of proper handling behaviors as well as scientific data to support the suggestions.
Electronic Properties of Ion-Implanted Silicon Annealed with Microsecond Dye-Laser Pulses

The effects of laser irradiation in annealing ion-implanted silicon are examined for the case of a flashlamp-excited, tunable dye laser operating at a wavelength near 600 nm with a baseline-to-baseline pulse duration of 1 μ s. The implanted layers were prepared by low dose (10 12 cm –2 ) boron implantation either into initially single crystal silicon substrates or into a silicon substrate amorphized by high dose (10 15 cm –2 ) silicon implantation. The range of annealing conditions needed to produce dopant activation or apparent dopant redistribution to the sample surface was further characterized by computer-automated, 1-MHz capacitance-voltage profiling and correlated to damage effects evidenced by surface morphology changes.