cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metabolic costs of building ant colonies from variably sized subunits

Ant colonies are superorganisms with emergent traits that, for some species, reflect the combined activity of physically distinct worker castes. Although larger castes have high production costs, they are thought to save their colonies energy by efficiently performing specialized tasks. However, because workers are generally idle until sensing specific stimuli, their maintenance costs may be an important component of colony-level investment. I used metabolic scaling to examine the maintenance costs of dimorphic major and minor Pheidole castes across levels of colony organization (e.g., individual, group, and colony). Majors from three species had lower mass-specific meta- bolic rates than minors because of allometries at both individual and group levels and subsequently lived longer when starved. Thus, large major castes may offset their production costs in both their idle and active states. The slope scaling metabolic rate from incipient to reproductive colonies of Pheidole dentata (∼colony mass 0.89 )f ell between the slopes for minor groups (∼group mass 1.04 ) and major groups (∼group mass 0.79 ) and appears to reflect developmental shifts in subunit mass and number and their offsetting effects on per capita energy demands. These results highlight how metabolic scaling may help visualize the energetic correlates of emergent behavior and unravel the mechanisms governing colony organization.
Internal‐External Control and Reaction to the My Lai Courts‐Martial

This study sought to investigate the relationship between a personality variable, internal-external control of reinforcement, and reactions of college students to the My Lai courts-martial. It was hypothesized that externak would bc more likely than internals to underplay the individual responsibility of Calley and his men, projecting most of the blamc for what happcncd at My Lai onto the US. government and military establishment. Strong support for the hypothesized relationship between I-E and assibmment of responsibility for the My Lai events was found for University of Connccticut males, but not for females.
TRIPS: balancing privacy and public welfare on the international stage

In intellectual property law, the agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS) has become the ultimate tool for international enforcement. However, this product of the WTO is far from perfect. This article focuses on TRIPS’ patent provisions and the effect its restrictiveness has on developing countries as they struggle with populations with HIV/AIDS. An analysis of these issues show that TRIPS provisions placed on countries as they transition into the WTO, like length of patent rights and strict copyright laws, prevent them from: obtaining generic versions of drugs, legally adhering to the requirements of the WTO, and competing economically with more developed member states. As long as medications fall under patent protections, TRIPS will continue to be important force in intellectual property law. This article serves to illustrate the need of TRIPS adapt to the concerns of developed countries as well as the needs of the developing.
Optimizing the management of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the age of antimicrobial resistance.

Community-acquired respiratory tract infections (CARTIs) are the most common reason for prescribing antibiotics in the primary care setting. However, over the last decade, the management of CARTIs has become increasingly complicated by the steady increase in prevalence of drug-resistant pathogens responsible for these infections. As a result, significant attention has been directed at understanding the mechanisms of pathogen acquisition of resistance, drivers of resistance and methods for preventing the development of resistance. Data from recent surveillance studies suggest a slowing or decline in resistance rates to agents, such as β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and folic acid metabolism inhibitors. However, resistance to one antimicrobial family – the fluoroquinolones – while still low, appears to be on the increase. This is of significant concern given the rapid increase in resistance noted with older antibiotics in recent history. While the clinical implications of antibacterial resistance are ...
Recognition of specific patterns of amino acid inhibition of growth in higher plants, uncomplicated by glutamine-reversible `general amino acid inhibition'

Abstract The complexity of the regulatory mechanisms that govern amino acid biosynthesis, particularly in multibranched pathways, frequently results in sensitivity to growth inhibition by exogenous amino acids. Usually the inhibition caused by a given amino acid(s) is relieved by another amino acid(s), thus indicating the cause of inhibition to be a specific interference with endogenous formation of the latter amino acid(s). We recently summarized the evidence that Nicotiana silvestris (and probably most higher plants), in suspension culture, exhibits a separate phenomenon of amino acid mediated growth inhibition called general amino acid inhibition. Every amino acid provokes general amino acid inhibition except for l -glutamine. In fact, l -glutamine completely overcomes general amino acid inhibition. We have now demonstrated that specific amino acid inhibition can be recognized and characterized at the level of growth inhibition without interference caused by general amino acid inhibition by the simple provision of exogenous l -glutamine. Several examples of specific amino acid inhibition of growth were demonstrated in N. silvestris . In one case, l -threonine inhibits growth partially in the presence of l -glutamine. The residual amino acid inhibition was overcome by the additional presence of l -lysine and l -methionine, indicating that exogenous l -threonine specifically inhibits the biosynthesis of both l -lysine and l -methionine. As a second example, the l -valine-mediated inhibition of growth that persisted in the presence of l -glutamine was overcome by l -isoleucine, indicating that exogenous l -valine inhibits l -isoleucine biosynthesis. The use of amino acid analogs as experimental tools for biochemical-genetic studies in higher plants is also complicated by general amino acid inhibition. Conditions were demonstrated under which p -fluorophenylalanine and m -fluorotyrosine could be used as specific antimetabolites of l -phenylalanine and l -tyrosine biosynthesis without interference from general amino acid inhibition. We thus present a rigorous basis for recognition of specific relationships between metabolic branches that can guide detailed enzymological analyses.
Activation of Nonlinear Feedback Concepts

We describe the ongoing ‘activation process’ in nonlinear control, through which some of the earlier descriptive concepts are being converted into constructive design tools applicable to common classes of nonlinear systems. This process is a confluence of several research streams with activated stability, passivity and geometric concepts.
Creativity and innovation in an organized anarchy

Organizations can respond to change in their environments in a variety of planned and unplanned ways. In complex organizations, when the environment is unstable, managers need to examine their assumptions about how organizations function in order to develop effective strategies for introducing creativity and change. This essay reviews the assumptions behind theories of organizational decision making, explores how those assumptions affect how managers decide strategies for introducing change, and offers some ideas an how to introduce creativity into organizations that face ambiguous internal and external environments.
Active Perturbation of Dust-Associated Electron Irregularities in the Earth's Mesosphere: Discrete-Charging Effects

Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) are strong radar echoes produced by scattering from electron irregularities associated with charged dust in the Earth's mesosphere. Recent experimental observations have shown that PMSEs can be modulated by radio wave, heating the irregularity source region with a ground-based ionospheric heating facility. This radar-signal modulation shows very interesting and important behavior, which can be used to study the basic physics of the Earth's mesospheric dusty plasma. Previous works employed continuous-charging models to investigate the temporal behavior of plasma irregularities during ionospheric heating. Due to the relatively small size of the dust grains, the use of a continuous-charging model may certainly be brought into question. This paper describes a new model that incorporates discrete-charging effects, which has been used to investigate the temporal behavior of charged-dust-associated electron irregularities during electron temperature enhancement associated with radio-wave heating. The dust-charge-number distribution evolution during the ionospheric heating is also studied using the discrete-charging model. The discrete model results show reasonably close behavior with the continuous model. The differences between these two models are also discussed.
Investigations in quantum computing: causality and graph isomorphism

In this thesis I explore two different types of limits on the time complexity of quantum computation—that is, limits on how much time is required to perform a given class of quantum operations on a quantum system. Upper limits can be found by explicit construction; I explore this approach for the problem of determining whether two graphs are isomorphic. Finding lower limits, on the other hand, usually requires appeal to some fundamental principle of the operation under consideration; I use this approach to derive lower limits placed by the requirements of relativistic causality on the time required for implementation of some nonlocal quantum operations. In some situations these limits are attainable, but for other physical spacetime geometries we exhibit classes of operations which do not violate relativistic causality but which are nevertheless not implementable.
On the Luminescence of Divalent Manganese in Solids

It is shown that, under certain conditions, measurements on the emission and absorption of luminescent centers allow the determination of the configurational coordinate curves for the ground and excited states of the centers. The method is used as a first approximation in obtaining configurational coordinate curves for divalent manganese in zinc silicate. These curves offer an explanation of the asymmetry of the manganese emission. Comparison of the energy levels for the manganese ion in the solid and gaseous state leads to an identification of the various levels and to the suggestion that emission in the solid state corresponds to a 4G→6S transition.
Technology Diffusion in the Society: Analyzing Digital Divide in the Context of Social Class

Technology in general and the Internet in particular have often been seen as the "great equalizer" in that it provides a level playing field for all individuals in the society in terms of competing for social and economic opportunities. However, technology philosophers such as Andrew Feenberg have argued that technology diffusion mirrors the existing social order. Which of these worldviews actually holds is an open question, and in this research, we try to answer it using data on adoption of multiple technologies by individuals in the US over different time periods. Our results suggest that technology diffusion largely takes place along existing social class lines, and that the arrival of newer technologies ensures that the digital divide perpetuates.
Activation of the cardiac ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor reverses left ventricular hypertrophy in leptin-deficient and leptin-resistant obesity.

Disruption of the leptin signaling pathway within the heart causes left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Because human obesity is a syndrome of leptin resistance, which is not amenable to leptin treatment, the identification of parallel signal transduction pathways is of potential therapeutic value. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), which acts parallel to leptin in the hypothalamus, is not previously recognized to have cardiac activity. We hypothesized that CNTF receptors are present on cardiomyocytes and their activation reverses LVH in both leptin-deficient ob/ob and leptin-resistant db/db mice. The localization of CNTF receptors (CNTFRα) to the sarcolemma in C57BL/6, ob/ob and db/db was confirmed in situ with immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting (60 and 40 kDa) on isolated myocytes. ob/ob mice were randomly assigned to receive s.c. recombinant CNTF (CNTFAx15; 0.1 mg·kg−1 per day; n = 11) calorie-restriction (n = 9), or feeding ad libitum (n = 11). db/db mice were allocated to three similar groups (n = 8, 7, and 8, respectively) plus a leptin group (1 mg·kg−1 per day; n = 7). Echocardiography showed that CNTFAx15 reduced cardiac hypertrophy [posterior wall thickness decreased by 29 ± 8% (P < 0.01) in ob/ob and by 21 ± 3% in db/db mice (P < 0.01)], which was consistent with the reduction of myocyte width. Western blotting showed that leptin and CNTFAx15 activated Stat3 and ERK1/2 pathway in cultured adult mice cardiomyocytes and cardiac tissue from in ob/ob and db/db mice. Together, these findings support the role of a previously undescribed signaling pathway in obesity-associated cardiac hypertrophy and have therapeutic implications for patients with obesity-related cardiovascular disease and other causes of LVH.
Why Most Open Source Development Projects Do Not Succeed

Evidence suggests that only a small percentage of open source development (OSSD) projects are active, have significant participation, or have delivered operational software. We develop a system dynamics based simulation model to analyze the dynamics of open source project participation process and software development process. We show that the complex interaction between participation and development processes affects crucially success or failure.
Differential glycosylation of α-dystroglycan and proteins other than α-dystroglycan by like-glycosyltransferase

Genetic defects in like-glycosyltransferase (LARGE) cause congenital muscular dystrophy with central nervous system manifestations. The underlying molecular pathomechanism is the hypoglycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG), which is evidenced by diminished immunoreactivity to IIH6C4 and VIA4-1, antibodies that recognize carbohydrate epitopes. Previous studies indicate that LARGE participates in the formation of a phosphoryl glycan branch on O-linked mannose or it modifies complex N- and mucin O-glycans. In this study, we overexpressed LARGE in neural stem cells deficient in protein O-mannosyltransferase 2 (POMT2), an enzyme required for O-mannosyl glycosylation. The results showed that overexpressing LARGE did not lead to hyperglycosylation of α-DG in POMT2 knockout (KO) cells but did generate IIH6C4 and VIA4-1 immunoreactivity and laminin-binding activity. Additionally, overexpressing LARGE in cells deficient in both POMT2 and α-DG generated laminin-binding IIH6C4 immunoreactivity. These results indicate that LARGE expression resulted in the glycosylation of proteins other than α-DG in the absence of O-mannosyl glycosylation. The IIH6C4 immunoreactivity generated in double-KO cells was largely removed by treatment either with peptide N-glycosidase F or with cold aqueous hydrofluoric acid, suggesting that LARGE expression caused phosphoryl glycosylation of N-glycans. However, the glycosylation of α-DG by LARGE is dependent on POMT2, indicating that LARGE expression only modifies O-linked mannosyl glycans of α-DG. Thus, LARGE expression mediates the phosphoryl glycosylation of not only O-mannosyl glycans including those on α-DG but also N-glycans on proteins other than α-DG.
On Measuring Email-Based Social Network Trust

In this paper, we present a comprehensive trust model using emails. A bootstrapping trust model -- Email Trust (EMT) -- in pervasive communication environments. EMT focuses on email-based social network trust, which provides a level of belief on the data transmitted by an entity. To achieve the email-based social network trust, we require each user to perform a trust checking procedure and process a received trust checking request from their highly trusted email contacts or through a trusted checking proxy server that is maintained by a trusted third party. We present the basic trust models based on emails. This paper is a pioneer work to demonstrate the basic trust model that can be established by using email-based social network.
#Ferguson is everywhere: initiators in emerging counterpublic networks

ABSTRACTOn the afternoon of 9 August 2014, 18-year-old Michael ‘Mike’ Brown was shot and killed by Officer Darren Wilson in the small American city of Ferguson, Missouri. Brown's body lay in the street for four and a half hours, and during that time, his neighbors and friends took to social media to express fear, confusion, and outrage. We locate early tweets about Ferguson and the use of the hashtag #Ferguson at the center of a counterpublic network that provoked and shaped public debates about race, policing, governance, and justice. Extending theory on networked publics, we examine how everyday citizens, followed by activists and journalists, influenced the #Ferguson Twitter network with a focus on emergent counterpublic structure and discursive strategy. We stress the importance of combining quantitative and qualitative methods to identify early initiators of online dissent and story framing. We argue that initiators and their discursive contributions are often missed by methods that collapse longitud...
Effect of index of refraction mismatch on the recovery of optical properties of cylindrical inhomogeneities in an infinite turbid medium

Optical inhomogeneities embedded in a turbid medium are characterized not only by their absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, but also by their index of refraction relative to the background medium. Although in diffusion theory it is impossible to separate the index of refraction from the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in an infinite homogeneous medium, application of boundary conditions for an inhomogeneity adds enough information to separately determine these optical properties. A mismatched index of refraction affects diffuse photon propagation in two ways: photons travel at a different speed inside the inhomogeneity, and photons entering and leaving the inhomogeneity are influenced by Fresnel reflections at the surface of the object. We have integrated these two effects into the analytical solution to the diffusion equation for a cylinder in an infinite medium. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data, and the effect of index of refraction mismatch is evaluated for different combinations of optical properties.
The Climate at Los Alamos; Are we measurement changes?

A new report shows new graphic displays of the weather trends in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The graphs show trends of average, minimum average, and maximum average temperature for summer and winter months going back decades. Records of summer and winter precipitation are also included in the report.
Interface Stability Analysis of a Gel Material Surrounded by Air

We study the stability of small amplitude harmonic perturbation at the interface of a gel material surrounded by air. The equations describing the system’s dynamics are solved using classical perturbation methods. Assuming that the amplitude decays over time, we establish conditions for the system to return to its equilibrium state. The proposed model includes the effect of the boundary conditions and can be extended to more general situation in which the material is surrounded by an arbitrary fluid.
Egg Product Yield Trends From Shell Eggs

Abstract Egg product yield data were pooled from several strains of chickens entered during a nine year test period (1966–1975). Information was obtained both quarterly and annually on egg size, distribution of components (shell, white and yolk) and percent of solids in white and yolk. Egg size decreased slightly. Both percent of shell and white in the egg, as well as the level of solids in the white increased significandy. The combined decreased yolk size and slight reduction in yolk solids level caused a highly significant decrease in percent solids in the whole egg liquid. Finally, the data are expressed on a yield of liquid and solids per case as well as on the amount per bird per year. A “typical” value was calculated for the last test period for each attribute from the linear equations. These data can be used to express nutrient composition, estimate product yields, and provide a basis for establishing regulatory standards for egg products.
Behavioral Responses of Male Eoreuma loftini (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to Ovipositor Extracts

Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) adults were observed in the laboratory to study their behavior before and during the mating process. Characteristic female calling behavior and male response to females and crude sex pheromone extracts made from excised ovipositors were noted. Bioassays were performed on ovipositor extracts, and levels of male activity at various hours after darkness were determined. Males began responding to extracts of ovipositors at darkness, and activity peaked between 5 and 9 h after darkness. Males exposed to 0.5-1.0 female equivalents of extract exhibited responses indistinguishable from those to calling females. In the presence of pheromone extracts, males often attempted to mate with other males, the nylon mesh covering, and the filter-paper square used to dispense the pheromone.
Reappraising the Charlatan in Early Modern Italy: The Case of Iacopo Coppa

Among the ‘professional’ charlatans of the sixteenth century, the figure of Jacopo Coppa stands out. Doctor, poet, performer and publisher of both his and other authors’ works, Coppa spent his life travelling throughout the peninsula, advertising his medical skills and selling his products in the piazzas. Despite the existence of several documents that bear witness to Coppa’s life and professional career, it is difficult to capture the real nature of his activity. By reconsidering the relevant documentation — including Coppa’s edition of Ludovico Ariosto’s Erbolato and his own poetical works — the article focuses on the rhetorical strategies that characterized the performances of the charlatan as well as his self-promotion. In particular, the analysis of Coppa’s Lamento della Virtu will confirm the charlatan’s familiarity with techniques typical of contemporary mountebanks and street singers. Finally, the study of a previously unknown broadside ascribed to Jacopo Coppa and concerned with the advertisement...
Catalonia's human towers: Nationalism, associational culture, and the politics of performance

Spain is facing the greatest challenge in the post-Franco era to the nation's constitutional unity, as the Catalonian government in October 2015 issued a motion to unilaterally declare Catalonia's independence. The independence movement helped build support by using a 200-year-old cultural performance, the building of human towers (castells). The movement discarded other cultural performances (soccer, the sardana dance, and fire festivals), drawing from the human towers’ performative iconicity, associational culture, affective dimensions, and operative values to rally disparate social groups behind independence. In using human towers, the movement envisioned a solution to the ideological divisions of nationalist politics, but the instrumentalization of culture has a contradictory effect on politics. As European secessionist movements intensify, cultural performances reveal the objectives and risks of nationalist constructions. [human towers, associational culture, nationalism, performance, iconicity, Catalonia, Spain] Espanya s'enfronta al major repte de la seva unitat constitucional de l’epoca post-franquista. A l'octubre del 2015, el govern catala va aprovar una mocio per declarar unilateralment la independencia de Catalunya. Un esdeveniment cultural amb una historia de dos-cents anys, els castells, semblen haver-se convertit en l'emblema dominant de la sobirania catalana. El moviment independentista ho prefereix a d'altres actuacions culturals, com ara la sardana, els festivals de foc, o esportives, com el futbol. La seva cultura associativa, les seves dimensions afectives, la seva iconicitat i els seus valors escenics fan que els castells serveixin per unir grups diversos, tot expressant la voluntat d'esdevenir una nacio unida i sobirana. Alhora que el moviment casteller presenta una solucio a les divisions ideologiques de la politica independentista, la instrumentacio politica de la tradicio cultural pot resultar problematica. Tanmateix, mentre els moviments secessionistes s'intensifiquen a Europa, la comunicacio cultural identitaria revela els objectius i els riscos de les manifestacions sobiranistes. [castells, cultura associativa, nacionalisme, performativitat, iconicitat, Catalunya, Espanya]
Running Head: Situating The Social Studies Situating The Social Studies Curriculum In John Dewey’s Theory Of Nature: Promise And Possibility

No subject matter comes closer to modeling Deweyan philosophy than the modern social studies. Yet, social studies scholars have been debating for decades whether Dewey actually supported the curriculum resulting in a perceived paradox between Dewey’s interdisciplinary approach to problem solving and his writings about traditional, stand-alone social sciences. This paper situates the problem in Dewey’s Theory of Nature and argues that (1) the paradox is a myth; (2) Dewey is misunderstood and marginalized in the literature; and (3) Dewey offers a middle position for addressing problems and supporting social studies learning with myriad theories.
Notes on the Tremellales of Georgia.

The specimens described here were collected by the writer in the vicinity of Athens, Georgia, during the fall, winter, and spring of 1945-1946. The majority of the thirty-four species listed have not been previously reported from this state. A species of Platygloea, apparently not reported since its discovery in Europe, has been found and is redescribed here. A single new species is proposed under the generic name Seismosarca. Undoubtedly, a much larger number of tremellaceous species will be found as the survey is extended to other parts of this state, which is characterized by an interesting succession of climatic, topographical, and vegetative zones. Excellent keys to the identification of most of the Tremellales discovered in this country will be found in a recent publication by Martin (1944) and in an earlier paper by Coker (1920). Martin's paper also presents a very helpful bibliography on the taxonomy of the Tremellales of North America.
Tribute to the Honorable Rex E. Lee Solicitor General of the United States 1981-85

Rex Lee lived a life of faith. He had faith in the legal profession, faith in the United States Constitution, faith in education, faith in family, and faith in God.
Synthesis of fused 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives: the impact of meta-/para-substitution on fluorescence and zinc binding

Abstract A fused bis[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole] bis(HBO) 3 was synthesized via reaction of 4,6-dihydroxyisopthalic acid with 2-amnophenol in the presence polyphosphoric acid (PPA). In bis(HBO) 3 , two benzoxazol-2-yl groups are connected via meta -phenylene, in comparison with para -phenylene in its isomer 5 , in order to examine the effect of regiochemistry on optical properties. UV–vis and fluorescence spectra show that bis(HBO) 3 gave emission nearly exclusively from its keto tautomer, indicating more effective ‘excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT)’ than mono HBO. Bis(HBO) 3 gave blue ESIPT fluorescence ( λ em ≈ 480 nm), while 5 gave orange-red emission at 597 nm, showing a large effect of regiochemistry on emission. The effect was further evaluated through binding with Zn 2+ cation, with 3 showing spectral blue shift upon zinc binding while 5 did not. In addition, 3 revealed ability to detect different stages of zinc binding, giving different spectral response to ( 3 ) 2 – Zn (with 2:1 ligand-to-metal ratio) and 3 – Zn species (with 1:1 ligand-to-metal ratio).
Cybersecurity in Brazil

CS is becoming a high profile policy and political issue in Brazil. This chapter analyzes how Brazil’s unique political, cultural social and economic contexts are reflected in the country’s CS-regulatory framework and strategy. Especially the Brazilian government’s fierce opposition and criticism of the NSA PRISM program deserves mention. In this regard, this chapter discusses a number of strategic decisions Brazil is making in response to the PRISM program. The chapter also illustrates the lack of a cohesive strategy and a common set of priorities in Brazil’s CS initiatives. Also discussed are key similarities and differences of Brazil’s CS landscape with those of the EU and the U.S.
OR53 Three case reports: NGS-based high resolution HLA typing permits better assessment of donor-recipient compatibility in solid organ transplant

NGS based HLA typing is useful for the bone marrow transplantation, but its utility for solid organ transplantation (SOT) is unclear. Our lab has been using NGS based HLA typing as the primary methodology to support all transplant programs. Here, we present three cases to show the impact of this technology on SOT. Case 1: Relevance to living donor selection. A 15-year old girl required a kidney transplant due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Prior to transplant, anti-HLA DQ2 antibody was detected by single antigen bead (SAB) assay with the highest MFI = 5653, specific to DQA1∗05:01, DQB1∗02:01. Both potential living donors possess DQ2. NGS based typing identified the preferred donor to avoid this dimer. The patient has been transplanted for 9 months, and is doing well without any DSAs. Case 2: Relevance to dissect the reason for lacking DSA detection. An 18-year old girl with a history of diffuse mesangial sclerosis received a living donor (father) kidney transplant in 1999. DSAs have never been detected post-transplant. The patient developed chronic allograft dysfunction, and was relisted for the second transplant. When evaluating her sibling as a potential donor, weak positive reactivity to B cells was detected in flow and cytotoxic cross matches. NGS based HLA typing showed the sibling and the father share A∗31:15 and DRB1∗04:11, which are mismatched antigens to the patient, but are not in the panel of SAB assay. If the DSAs against A∗31:15 or DRB1∗04:11 ever developed, they would not be detected. These results may explain the chronic allograft dysfunction and the positive crossmatch results in the absent of DSA detection. Case 3: Relevance to better assess antibody reactivity to closely related alleles and the risk for antibody-mediated rejection. An 18-year girl with a history of chronic kidney disease received a deceased donor kidney transplant in 2008 and a liver transplant in 2011. Beginning in 2013, DSAs to DQ9 were detected. The MFI level varied significantly among three DQ9 beads, ranging from 2000 to 12,000. Prior to NGS typing, the dimer DQA1∗03:02, DQB1∗03:03 with the highest MFI (12000) was reported. However the patient was doing well and her kidney function was stable. NGS based HLA typing identified the donor as DQA1∗02:01, DQB1∗03:03. The MFI for this dimer was 2000, which may explain the clinical observation. D. Ferriola: Other (Identify); Company/Organization; Royalties. D. Monos: Scientific/Medical Advisor; Company/Organization; Omixon.
Paraquat-Induced Cell Death in PC12 Cells

Paraquat was taken up by PC12 cells in a carrier-mediated, saturable manner. When PC12 cells were permeabilized with digitonin (50 μg/ml) lipid peroxidation was observed after paraquat treatment in the presence of NADPH and chelated iron. The fact that lipid peroxidation preceded the appearance of LDH release provides positive evidence that lipid peroxidation may be one of the important factors leading to cytotoxicity of cells. Furthermore, the fact that addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase and promethazine efficiently blocked the malondialdehyde formation and attenuated the cell death indicated the involvement of reactive oxygen radicals in mediating the cytotoxicity induced by paraquat. Taken together the results present in vitro evidence that neurotoxicity of paraquat may be a consequence of cellular lipid peroxidation, which leads to cell death and may have great implications in assessing the risk of exposure to paraquat in Parkinson's disease.
Liste durchnumerierter Formeln

Ein Leseziechen auf diesen Seiten spart Zeit und Muhe, wenn man Ruckverweisungen auf dezimal numerierte Formeln nachprufen will. Theoreme und Theoremschemata aber, die auserhalb ihrer eigenen Kapitel nicht mit ihrer Nummer zitiert werden, werden hier ausgelassen; deise Liste sollte also nicht benutzt werden, wenn Ruckverweisungen innerhalb eines Kapitels nachzuprufen sind.
Community to Classroom: Reflections on Community-Centered Pedagogy in Contemporary Modern Dance Technique.

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on the ways in which socially engaged arts practices can contribute to reconceptualizing the contemporary modern dance technique class as a powerful site of social change. Specifically, the author considers how incorporating socially engaged practices into pedagogical models has the potential to foster responsible citizenship in the technique classroom. The article discusses community arts values and facilitation techniques, as well as the challenges that arise when socially engaged ideologies collide with student expectations and academic policies. In the context of a technique class, an emphasis on reciprocity, collaboration, and inclusion as opposed to individual achievement often raises questions about technical mastery, authority, and assessment. Despite these concerns, the author concludes that a community-centered pedagogy promotes collective awareness, generosity, and social engagement, all of which are essential in nurturing artist-citizens who truly embody democrati...
Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Assays in the Regulated Bioanalytical Laboratory

Data derived from robust and reproducible bioanalytical assays form the foundation of all pharmaceutical marketing approval submissions to regulatory agencies. In this chapter, bioanalytical method development, validation, and sample analysis for small molecules are discussed with emphasis on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assays. Considerations for assay development include selection of analyte extraction, chromatography, and mass spectrometry parameters. Relevant aspects of validation testing and documentation are covered. Sample analysis for both good laboratory practice (animal, nonclinical) and good clinical practice (human, clinical) studies is discussed. Regulatory compliance issues are addressed for assay development, validation, and sample analysis.
Entrepreneurship and women's empowerment in gateway communities of Bardia National Park, Nepal

Protected areas of Nepal, especially those situated in the lowland areas, have current and future growth prospects for ecotourism with opportunities in tourism and hospitality business operations i...
The effects of output codes on transfer learning in a deep convolutional neural net

The output encodings of neural nets determine the structure of the space in which inference occurs. Yet, they are generally given very little thought. It is common practice for neural nets to use 1-Hot encoding when training to discriminate among many classes. The primary exceptions to this are error correcting output codes, and semantic output encodings. Output encodings based upon semantic descriptors cause a net to learn responses for classes to which it has not been exposed, provided those classes may be characterized by the same semantic descriptors. This raises a number of questions, such as “Can a net implicitly learn encodings for unobserved classes in the absence of a semantic encoding, or any encoding that requires some form of prior knowledge and hand crafting?”. Also, are some output encodings better than others for learning these implicit encodings? In this paper, we will compare how effectively different non-semantic encodings are at causing a neural net to implicitly learn encodings for unobserved classes. Also, while evaluating the efficacy of these implicit encodings, we will look for evidence of a phenomenon akin to over-training. Specifically, as training on the observed classes occurs, we initially see improvement in how well the implicitly learned encodings can be used to differentiate among the classes which are unobserved during the net's training. However, as training continues to improve discrimination among the observed classes, the efficacy of the implicit codes either remains steady, or undergoes a degradation. This degradation is akin to the overtraining that one generally tries to guard against when training a neural net.
Signaling interactions predicted by the Tritope model of the TCR

As the data accumulates, it becomes obvious that the Standard Model of TCR structure-function relationships is in jeopardy. The proposed Tritope model has become more meaningful and, in any case, is richer in prediction and explanation. This is illustrated here by using the signaling interactions of the TCR as examples. An unsuspected signaling pathway for positive selection, and for alloreactivity, is predicted. Further, crucial data needed to elucidate the structural elements that distinguish signaling for restrictive- versus allo-reactivity are identified.
Communicating in new contexts: A case study of a cross-cultural electronic roadshow

Cross-cultural communication in professional contexts can be difficult because of the different cultural expectations and values. This article presents an analysis of an electronic roadshow in a successful cross-cultural initial public offering. Grounded in a case study methodology, this study employs a social semiotic analysis of the electronic roadshow and identifies five semiotic resources and modes (characterization, symbolic objects, speech, music, and color) that are applied to move the U.S. audience to conform to the ethos of the Chinese company. A naturalistic generalization is drawn to provide an understanding of this unique case and prepare audiences for making decisions in similar cross-cultural communication cases. Research results from this study indicate a cross-cultural communication strategy that is different from the commonly practiced universal design and localization strategies, and therefore may provide researchers with some new insights into cross-cultural communication.
Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)-Based Phenotyping of Soybean using Multi-sensor Data Fusion and Extreme Learning Machine

Abstract Estimating crop biophysical and biochemical parameters with high accuracy at low-cost is imperative for high-throughput phenotyping in precision agriculture. Although fusion of data from multiple sensors is a common application in remote sensing, less is known on the contribution of low-cost RGB, multispectral and thermal sensors to rapid crop phenotyping. This is due to the fact that (1) simultaneous collection of multi-sensor data using satellites are rare and (2) multi-sensor data collected during a single flight have not been accessible until recent developments in Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) and UAS-friendly sensors that allow efficient information fusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the power of high spatial resolution RGB, multispectral and thermal data fusion to estimate soybean (Glycine max) biochemical parameters including chlorophyll content and nitrogen concentration, and biophysical parameters including Leaf Area Index (LAI), above ground fresh and dry biomass. Multiple low-cost sensors integrated on UASs were used to collect RGB, multispectral, and thermal images throughout the growing season at a site established near Columbia, Missouri, USA. From these images, vegetation indices were extracted, a Crop Surface Model (CSM) was advanced, and a model to extract the vegetation fraction was developed. Then, spectral indices/features were combined to model and predict crop biophysical and biochemical parameters using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Extreme Learning Machine based Regression (ELR) techniques. Results showed that: (1) For biochemical variable estimation, multispectral and thermal data fusion provided the best estimate for nitrogen concentration and chlorophyll (Chl) a content (RMSE of 9.9% and 17.1%, respectively) and RGB color information based indices and multispectral data fusion exhibited the largest RMSE 22.6%; the highest accuracy for Chl a + b content estimation was obtained by fusion of information from all three sensors with an RMSE of 11.6%. (2) Among the plant biophysical variables, LAI was best predicted by RGB and thermal data fusion while multispectral and thermal data fusion was found to be best for biomass estimation. (3) For estimation of the above mentioned plant traits of soybean from multi-sensor data fusion, ELR yields promising results compared to PLSR and SVR in this study. This research indicates that fusion of low-cost multiple sensor data within a machine learning framework can provide relatively accurate estimation of plant traits and provide valuable insight for high spatial precision in agriculture and plant stress assessment.
Atypical activation of dendritic cells by Plasmodium falciparum.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are activated by pathogens to initiate and shape immune responses. We found that the activation of DCs by Plasmodium falciparum, the main causative agent of human malaria, induces a highly unusual phenotype by which DCs up-regulate costimulatory molecules and secretion of chemokines, but not of cytokines typical of inflammatory responses (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF). Similar results were obtained with DCs obtained from malaria-naive US donors and malaria-experienced donors from Mali. Contact-dependent cross-talk between the main DC subsets, plasmacytoid and myeloid DCs (mDCs) was necessary for increased chemokine and IFN-α secretion in response to the parasite. Despite the absence of inflammatory cytokine secretion, mDCs incubated with P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes activated antigen-specific naive CD4+ T cells to proliferate and secrete Th1-like cytokines. This unexpected response of human mDCs to P. falciparum exhibited a transcriptional program distinct from a classical LPS response, pointing to unique P. falciparum-induced activation pathways that may explain the uncharacteristic immune response to malaria.
Evaluation of Citrus Fiber as a Natural Alternative to Sodium Tripolyphosphate in Alternatively-cured Pork Bologna

Citrus fiber was tested in alternatively cured, all-pork bologna as a potential natural replacer of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The STPP control, 0% STPP treatment and treatments containing various levels of citrus fiber (CF) (0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%) all maintained acceptable quality throughout 98 days of refrigerated shelf-life. Results indicate that citrus fiber has potential to serve in a system with other binders as a natural alternative to phosphates in processed meat products, but not as a standalone single replacement source.
Pseudocapacitive storage via micropores in high-surface area molybdenum nitrides

Abstract Nanostructured early-transition-metal nitrides possess high capacitances that are consistent with a pseudocapacitive storage mechanism. Prior publications suggest that the mechanism involves the interactions between protons and the metal. This paper describes the use of in-situ small angle neutron scattering as a function of the potential applied to the electrode and ex-situ physical and electrochemical techniques to determine specific details regarding the storage mechanism for high-surface-area Mo nitride (γ-Mo2N) in 0.1 mol dm−3 H2SO4 electrolyte. The results demonstrate that the pseudocapacitance involves a proton-coupled electron transfer (2e- for every H+) via micropores, which is accompanied by the reduction/oxidation of Mo. These results suggest that capacitances in excess of 1500 Fg−1 in 1.2 V could be achieved in aqueous acidic electrolytes.
Optimal rates for stochastic convex optimization under Tsybakov noise condition

We focus on the problem of minimizing a convex function f over a convex set S given T queries to a stochastic first order oracle. We argue that the complexity of convex minimization is only determined by the rate of growth of the function around its minimizer xf,S , as quantified by a Tsybakov-like noise condition. Specifically, we prove that if f grows at least as fast as ‖x − xf,S‖ around its minimum, for some κ > 1, then the optimal rate of learning f(xf,S) is Θ(T − κ 2κ−2 ). The classic rate Θ(1/ √ T ) for convex functions and Θ(1/T ) for strongly convex functions are special cases of our result for κ→∞ and κ = 2, and even faster rates are attained for κ < 2. We also derive tight bounds for the complexity of learning xf,S , where the optimal rate is Θ(T− 1 2κ−2 ). Interestingly, these precise rates for convex optimization also characterize the complexity of active learning and our results further strengthen the connections between the two fields, both of which rely on feedback-driven queries.
Old Books for New Ceremonies: CliffsNotes to the Literature of American Popular Music

In celebration of the relaunched, forward-thinking new JPMS, I’d like to skim through some dusty old music books. My current project, a critical guide to American popular music tomes, builds short entries around the authors, artists, and topics that accrued a corpus as far back as William Billings
All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell Showing Unprecedentedly High Open-Circuit Voltage

In a recent paper published in Energy & Environmental Science, Avila et al. report a fully vacuum-processed dual-junction CH3NH3PbI3/CH3NH3PbI3 tandem solar cell featuring an unprecedentedly high open-circuit voltage of 2.30 V. This work demonstrates the promise of vacuum-based process for fabricating light-weight and flexible all-perovskite tandem solar cells with ultra-high power-conversion efficiencies.
Grassland Bird and Butterfly Responses to Sericea Lespedeza Control via Late-Season Grazing Pressure

Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) is a high-tannin, late-season invasive forb species that reduces biodiversity in tallgrass prairie ecosystems. The largest tallgrass prairie remnant exists in the Flint Hills of Kansas and Oklahoma, where the most common grazing management practice involves prescribed fire in early spring followed by intensive stocking with yearling beef cattle from April to July. Sericea has continued to spread under this management regime. From 2013 to 2016, in Kansas Flint Hills tallgrass prairie, we tested the effects of using spring burning with early-season steer grazing, followed by late-season sheep grazing (Steer+Sheep) compared to spring burning followed by steer grazing only (Steer) on sericea vigor, grassland birds, and pollinators. Density and nest success of Grasshopper Sparrows (Ammodramus savannarum) and Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) were not negatively affected by Steer+Sheep relative to Steer treatments, whereas there was evidence of a negative effect in these same metrics for Dickcissels (Spiza americana). Abundance of butterflies and their nectar sources were similar between treatments but abundance of grassland specialist butterfly species was low, overall. Comprehensively, Steer+Sheep effectively controls the spread of sericea but may not create habitat for all tallgrass prairie wildlife species.
Connective Arts of Postmemory

Can we remember other people’s memories? I believe that we can and that we do. Descendants of individuals and communities that have survived powerful collective experiences –catastrophes such as war, genocide and extreme violence, but also transformative political movements such as coups, revolutions and uprisings– often feel as though they were shaped by events that preceded their birth. They experience these events not as memories, but as postmemories; they are belated, temporally and qualitatively removed.