cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MOBI-COG: A Mobile Application for Instant Screening of Dementia Using the Mini-Cog Test

In this paper, we present MOBI-COG which is an application that runs on a mobile device, such as a tablet or a smartphone, and provides an automated and instant dementia screening service. The MOBI-COG App is a complete automation of a widely used 3-minute dementia screening test called the Mini-Cog test, which is administered by primary caregivers for a quick screening of dementia in elderly. Besides asking the patient to remember and then recall a set of three words, the test involves a free-hand clock drawing test. The MOBI-COG App automates all these steps -- including the automatic assessment of the correctness of a clock drawn on the touch screen of a mobile device. We train the MOBI-COG App with over 1000 touch-drawn clocks and show that the system is capable of detecting and recognizing digits in less than 100 ms, in-situ (i.e. without the help of any back-end server), with 99.53% accuracy, and is robust to changes in people, sizes of the drawn digits, and screen sizes of the mobile devices. We perform a usability study of MOBI-COG involving eight healthy human subjects and show that the system is capable of performing all three steps of the test effectively. We also provide a summary of the users' comments on the application.
The Marine Sulfur Cycle, Revisited

Sulfur takes part in many biogeochemical reactions that affect the global carbon and oxygen cycles. On short time scales and in the absence of oxygen, many microbes use organic carbon to reduce sulfate to sulfide, which may then react with iron to form pyrite. On much longer time scales, the net addition of oxygen to the atmosphere through organic carbon burial promotes sulfide oxidation on land and increases the amount of sulfate carried by rivers to the oceans. Two reports in this issue, by Wortmann and Paytan ( 1 ) on page 334 and Halevy et al. ( 2 ) on page 331, show that on time scales of millions of years, changes in the formation and dissolution of evaporite minerals can strongly impact marine chemistry and the carbon cycle (see the figure). On longer time scales, the sulfur cycle played a much greater role in regulating atmospheric oxygen levels than previously recognized.
Electromagnetic fields as first messenger in biological signaling: Application to calmodulin-dependent signaling in tissue repair

Abstract Background The transduction mechanism for non-thermal electromagnetic field (EMF) bioeffects has not been fully elucidated. This study proposes that an EMF can act as a first messenger in the calmodulin-dependent signaling pathways that orchestrate the release of cytokines and growth factors in normal cellular responses to physical and/or chemical insults. Methods Given knowledge of Ca2+ binding kinetics to calmodulin (CaM), an EMF signal having pulse duration or carrier period shorter than bound Ca2+ lifetime may be configured to accelerate binding, and be detectable above thermal noise. New EMF signals were configured to modulate calmodulin-dependent signaling and assessed for efficacy in cellular studies. Results Configured EMF signals modulated CaM-dependent enzyme kinetics, produced several-fold increases in key second messengers to include nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate in chondrocyte and endothelial cultures and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in neuronal cultures. Calmodulin antagonists and downstream blockers annihilated these effects, providing strong support for the proposed mechanism. Conclusions Knowledge of the kinetics of Ca2+ binding to CaM, or for any ion binding specific to any signaling cascade, allows the use of an electrochemical model by which the ability of any EMF signal to modulate CaM-dependent signaling can be assessed a priori or a posteriori. Results are consistent with the proposed mechanism, and strongly support the Ca/CaM/NO pathway as a primary EMF transduction pathway. General significance The predictions of the proposed model open a host of significant possibilities for configuration of non-thermal EMF signals for clinical and wellness applications that can reach far beyond fracture repair and wound healing.
Grexmk: speeding up scripted builds

Slow builds can be extremely costly; for example, one of our customers loses forty percent of their developers' productivity to waiting on builds. Build avoidance - building only what must be built to integrate a change - solves the problem but makes the build unreliable unless the build script captures all dependences of build outputs on sources. Therefore, in practice, integrating even a minor change often requires rebuilding a large software system from scratch.Our solution can be summarized as "trust but verify". Exploiting the fact that large software systems tend to be composed of loosely coupled parts, we semi-automatically divide a large, all-or-nothing build into many small "mini-builds", without changing the original build. Each mini-build declares its dependences, which are trusted while scheduling mini-builds to integrate a change but verified by executing each mini-build in a sandbox in which only its declared dependences are available.We implemented these ideas in a tool suite called Grexmk and applied Grexmk to two large all-or-nothing builds. On the first build, we demonstrated linear speedups to six build machines. On the second build, we sped up the average time for an incremental build by a factor of 1.2.
A 1.2µW SIMO energy harvesting and power management unit with constant peak inductor current control achieving 83–92% efficiency across wide input and output voltages

This paper presents a single inductor energy harvesting and power management (EHM) unit for ultra-low power (ULP) systems. The proposed circuit harvests energy from solar cells from 0.38V input voltage (Vin) and provides 4 output voltages - storage at 5V and V DD s at 3.3V, 1.5V and 1.2V. A peak inductor current control scheme enables high efficiency operation across wide input and output voltage range. The IC supports maximum power point tracking, battery management, and cold starts from 0.38V Vin.
Factors Inhibiting Educated Mothers in Kenya From Giving Meaningful Sex-Education to Their Daughters

Public health studies advocate the education of women, especially mothers, stating that educated mothers are highly likely to pass on their education to their children, as well as enforce in their homes healthy practices thereby protecting entire families from disease. Whereas this is usually true in regard to most infectious diseases such as influenza, it is not usually the case when it comes to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV/AIDS. The research is based on a survey focus group discussion with high-school students (aged 17-19) and interviews with 10 high-school teachers in 1996. In 2003, data were collected from a focus group with fourth-form students and interviews with 4 teachers and 15 mothers whose daughters were in high school. The findings indicate that most educated mothers in urban Kenya experience socio-cultural and religious inhibitions which hinder them from providing meaningful sex-education to their pre-adolescent and adolescent daughters. This paper discusses these inhibitions and the steps educated mothers take to ensure that their daughters receive some form of sex-education.
Refractory Films from Spin-Cast Polyacrylonitrile

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) films have been spin-cast and pyrolyzed to produce thin (500–1500 A) carbon films. These films have higher electrical conductivities than carbon films produced by other methods at similar temperatures. The conductivity can be varied by at least four orders of magnitude by changing the pyrolysis temperature. UV, IR, and Raman spectroscopies were used to investigate the chemical structure of the films during different stages of processing.
Control of symmetrizable distributed parameter systems

This paper examines a subclass of nonselfadjoint distributed parameter systems described by partial differential equations which are second order in time. The sub-class considered are those systems which have coefficients which lie in a class of symmetrizable operators. The control problem addressed is that of the validity of using a finite dimensional model in designing a control law for such systems. This is done by a straight forward application of the results by Gibson1 and Sakawa2 to a class of symmetrizable systems.
TUF love for "junk" DNA.

The widespread occurrence of noncoding (nc) RNAs—unannotated eukaryotic transcripts with reduced protein coding potential—suggests that they are functionally important. Study of ncRNAs is increasing our understanding of the organization and regulation of genomes.
Arriving at an anti-forensics consensus: Examining how to define and control the anti-forensics problem

There are no general frameworks with which we may analyze the anti-forensics situation. Solving anti-forensic issues requires that we create a consensus view of the problem itself. This paper attempts to arrive at a standardized method of addressing anti-forensics by defining the term, categorizing the anti-forensics techniques and outlining general guidelines to protect forensic integrity.
Primary Elections as the Alternative to Party Competition in “Safe” Districts

The record of Congressional elections over the past twenty years in about half of American Congressional districts is a disturbing record for those constituents who are dissatisfied with the performance of their Congressman. In like manner, this record is asource of comfort to the Congressional incumbent who worries about holding his job. As the Congressman and his constituents look forward to the next election, they know in about half the districts that theirs is a "safe" district, in which the chances are extremely slim that the ruling party will be defeated in the general election. If the Congressman represents a district in which his party received two-thirds or more of the total vote in 1950, the record of elections since 1930 tells him that there is about one chance in 100 that an upset will occur in his district. If he represents a district in which his party received from 60 to 66 per cent of the vote, his opponents have about one chance in 20 of achieving his defeat. The Congressman is further comforted, and his opponents confounded, by the fact that when "safe" districts have been overturned in the past, the upsets were attributable to a combination of powerful factors, such as the discovery of fraud on the part of the incumbent combined with a national sweep against his party. If the incumbent in the one-party district remains relatively honest, and at least moderately amenable to the pressure of his constituency, the chances of his defeat in the general election seem to be almost nil.2
Unemployment in Open Economies The Impact of Trade, Finance, and European Integration

This article compares variations in the level of unemployment in four small, open economies-Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Sweden. Rather than focusing on the political-institutional differences between these four countries, the article examines international economic variables such as the role of the European Monetary System, the structure of foreign trade, and linkages to international markets to understand the greater deterioration of employment in Belgium and the Netherlands. In turn, the decision to join the European Community and to seek firmer integration into financial markets is attributed to the relatively greater influence of banking capital or the financial sector in the systems of economic policy-making of Belgium and the Netherlands. The article concludes that the detachment of the Austrian and Swedish economies from the European experience in economic integration has greatly helped the Social Democrats in these countries in fulfilling their promises of full employment.
Socialism and Militarism: Confronting Ideology with Evidence

Socialism is not merely a way of organizing an economy; it is also a secular religion. And as a religion it cannot be falsified; it cannot be dis-confirmed by empirical evidence in the minds of its adherents. Non-believers might think that the spectacular collapse of socialism around the world—its demonstrated unpopularity and illegitimacy—would impress Marxists in American universities. But academic Marxists remain insulated from world events, spinning out theoretical webs undisturbed by critical evidence. Recent events provide more dramatic evidence of the centrality of military force to socialist regimes. The collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe came about as a direct result of Mikhail Gorbachev's decision not to use military force to sustain these regimes; socialism survives in the People's Republic of China only because of the violent repression of Tiananmen Square.
Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Time-Series Radar Observations Over Bare Surfaces

A time-series algorithm is proposed to retrieve bare surface soil moisture and rms height using two copolarized (HH and VV) L-band backscattering coefficients (σ0). The retrieval approach inverts a forward model for radar scattering from an isotropic bare surface. Because real-time inversion of a complex forward model is often computationally impractical, the inversion is implemented using a precomputed lookup table representation of σ0 obtained from numerical Maxwell model in 3-D simulations. The retrieval process assumes that surface roughness properties are constant during the time-series interval, so that only a single rms height estimate is produced for the entire time series. The use of this rms height estimate as a constraint simplifies the associated soil moisture retrievals at each time step. A Monte-Carlo simulation of this algorithm with 0.7 dB radar measurement error (1-sigma) shows that retrievals using six time steps outperform a “snapshot” method (which retrieves rms height and soil moisture at each time step) by a factor of about two in rms soil moisture error. A second study using measured data having 6 to 11 time steps shows an rms error of 0.044 cm3/cm3 for soil moisture with a correlation coefficient of 0.89 between retrieved and in situ data. Surface rms height estimates are also found accurate to 10 to 30% of in situ measurements. It is also shown that retrieval performance is not sensitive to errors in knowledge of the surface roughness correlation length for most of the bare surface conditions examined.
Regulation of R100 conjugation requires traM in cis to traJ

Summary Deletion mutants of R100-1 were constructed by classical methods to remove various segments of the traM open reading frame, pTraM-binding sites and the traM promoters. Complementation tests showed that traM was efficiently complemented only when the frans-acting fragment contained both the complete traM gene and the adjacent traJ promoter and leader sequences. The conclusion is that traM and traJ constitute a complex operon. A deletion mutant lacking all of the fraJ gene, and one containing a frameshifting traM deletion, retained the ability to transfer at a low level, thereby showing that neither pTraM nor pTraJ is absolutely essential for transfer.
Oxidation and Reduction of Small Palladium Particles on Silica

We have used the technique of in situ electron microscopy to study the oxidation and reduction of the palladium (Pd) catalysts. In this study, we have subjected a Pd catalyst to oxidation and reduction cycles and studied the changes in particle structure and morphology with in situ electron diffraction and imaging. The PdO particles can be reduced to Pd metal in situ at temperatures as low as 200°C in an atmosphere of a few Torr of both H2 and O2. We also found that essentially the same reduction occurred in the vacuums of 10−6 to 10−7 Torr in two different electron microscopes. Our in situ reduction studies show that many of the oxide particles form voids when reduced to Pd metal. The decrease in volume that occurs during reduction is often accommodated by a combination of particle shrinkage and void formation. The production of voids does not seem to depend on either the reducing atmosphere or the rate of reduction, although the voids appear to be unstable above 500°C.
MCjammer: adaptive verification for multi-core designs

The challenge of verification of multi-core and multi-processor designs grows dramatically with each new generation of systems produced today. Validation of memory coherence of such systems, which include multiple levels of cache and complex protocols, constitutes a major fraction of this task. Unfortunately, current tools are incapable of addressing these challenges, allowing bugs, which cause unpredictable software behavior and wrong computation results, to slip into hardware. In this work we present a scalable approach to the verification of memory coherence protocols in large multi-core and multi-processor systems. We accomplish this task through a distributed network of cooperating agents, which feed the processors with stimuli, each agent attempting to accomplish its own verification goals and support other agents on theirs as well. The agents can dynamically change the stimuli based on coverage and pressure observed during simulation. Since each agent has a minimal knowledge of the entire system, their communication and decision process is greatly simplified. Moreover, since the agents' view of the system is linear in the number of nodes in it, our approach can be efficiently scaled to target large multi-core systems. Experimental results on two common coherence protocols and a range of multi-core configurations demonstrate that our technique can reach high levels of coverage of the system-level protocol much faster than a constrained-random generator.
Stable Mixed-Conducting Bilayer Membranes for Direct Conversion of Methane to Syngas

Results on the oxygen permeability and stability of perovskite-type La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 (LSCF) coated with (Sm 2 O 3 ) 0.1 (CeO 2 ) 0.9 (SDC) are presented. Bilayer structures were formed by depositing a thin layer of SDC by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on the reducing side of the membrane. Oxygen permeation fluxes measured with air on the feed side and He-CH 4 mixtures on the sweep or reducing side are compared with noncoated results. With the introduction of CH 4 into the He sweep, LSCF samples exhibit very high oxygen flux values but degrade rapidly as the membrane decomposes to less conductive phases. In contrast. LSCF/SDC bilayer membranes under similar conditions show superior stability and increased oxygen flux over a period of greater than 50 h. During reaction runs with CH 4 , a cyclic redox reaction with respect to ceria was observed and is believed to be due to oscillations in the p O , at the SDC/gas interface.
Copepods and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay: abundance, vertical position and non-predatory mortality

Live and dead copepod abundances and environmental conditions were measured during summer in Chesapeake Bay to determine how population size, vertical position and non-predatory mortality varied with hypoxia. Abundances of copepod nauplii and Acartia tonsa copepodites decreased when low-oxygen water was present. Possible explanations include copepods altering their vertical position to avoid hypoxia, resulting in increased predation and advection losses. Alternatively, copepods residing in hypoxic water may experience increased mortality and sub-lethal effects of hypoxia on growth and reproduction. The vertical position of copepod nauplii did not appear to respond to hypoxia, but the vertical position of A. tonsa copepodites shifted upward in response to lethal hypoxia in bottom water. Nonpredatory mortality of nauplii increased with the severity of hypoxia, but no similar increase was apparent for copepodites. Overall, it appears that hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay can result in lower copepod population abundances. Under moderate hypoxia, sub-lethal effects of low oxygen on growth and reproduction likely contribute to lower abundances, since the copepods do not avoid the hypoxic water. Under severe hypoxia, non-predatory mortality due to low oxygen is likely more important for naupliar stages, and the effects of altered vertical position on predation and advection may be important for copepodites.
Type I interferon counteracts antiviral effects of statins in the context of gammaherpesvirus infection.

The cholesterol synthesis pathway is a ubiquitous cellular biosynthetic pathway that is attenuated therapeutically by statins. Importantly, type I interferon (IFN), a major antiviral mediator, also depresses the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Here we demonstrate that attenuation of cholesterol synthesis decreases gammaherpesvirus replication in primary macrophages in vitro and reactivation from peritoneal exudate cells in vivo. Specifically, the reduced availability of the intermediates required for protein prenylation was responsible for decreased gammaherpesvirus replication in statin-treated primary macrophages. We also demonstrate that statin treatment of a chronically infected host attenuates gammaherpesvirus latency in a route-of-infection-specific manner. Unexpectedly, we found that the antiviral effects of statins are counteracted by type I IFN. Our studies suggest that type I IFN signaling counteracts the antiviral nature of the subdued cholesterol synthesis pathway and offer a novel insight into the utility of statins as antiviral agents. IMPORTANCE Statins are cholesterol synthesis inhibitors that are therapeutically administered to 12.5% of the U.S. population. Statins attenuate the replication of diverse viruses in culture; however, this attenuation is not always obvious in an intact animal model. Further, it is not clear whether statins alter parameters of highly prevalent chronic herpesvirus infections. We show that statin treatment attenuated gammaherpesvirus replication in primary immune cells and during chronic infection of an intact host. Further, we demonstrate that type I interferon signaling counteracts the antiviral effects of statins. Considering the fact that type I interferon decreases the activity of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, it is intriguing to speculate that gammaherpesviruses have evolved to usurp the type I interferon pathway to compensate for the decreased cholesterol synthesis activity.
Using County Demographics to Infer Attributes of Twitter Users

Social media are increasingly being used to complement traditional survey methods in health, politics, and marketing. However, little has been done to adjust for the sampling bias inherent in this approach. Inferring demographic attributes of social media users is thus a critical step to improving the validity of such studies. While there have been a number of supervised machine learning approaches to this problem, these rely on a training set of users annotated with attributes, which can be difficult to obtain. We instead propose training a demographic attribute classifiers that uses county-level supervision. By pairing geolocated social media with county demographics, we build a regression model mapping text to demographics. We then adopt this model to make predictions at the user level. Our experiments using Twitter data show that this approach is surprisingly competitive with a fully supervised approach, estimating the race of a user with 80% accuracy.
Abstract 598: A Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX-specific 14-3-3/Rac1/LIMK1 Signaling Pathway Promotes Thrombin-Induced Platelet Activation

Rationale: Thrombin-induced platelet activation requires protease-activated receptors. However, the platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex (GPIb-IX) binds to thrombin and is important for low dose thrombin-induced platelet activation. It is unclear how GPIb-IX promotes thrombin-induced platelet activation. Objective: To clearly elucidate the mechanism by which GPIb-IX promotes thrombin-induced platelet activation. Methods and Results: We reconstituted GPIb-IX (GPIb) /Protease-activated receptors (PARs) cooperativity in response to thrombin in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing PAR1. Thrombin-induced PAR1-dependent calcium signaling was significantly enhanced by GPIb expression. This effect of GPIb appears to require GPIb signaling, as mutation of a cytoplasmic binding site for an intracellular signaling molecule, 14-3-3, in GPIbα abolished the stimulatory effect of GPIb. The importance of GPIb-IX-14-3-3 interaction in promoting thrombin-induced platelet activation was also shown by pretreating...
Effective Intervention Strategy to Improve Worker Readiness to Adopt Ventilated Tools

AbstractAn effective theory-based intervention strategy is developed to improve worker adoption of a ventilated dust-control tool that reduces dust exposure by 95%. The Prevention through Design Adoption Readiness Model (PtD ARM) was employed to develop educational materials, hands-on training, and worksite cues-to-action. Educational materials were targeted to improve worker knowledge of the health risks associated with construction dusts. Hands-on training was developed with the objective of improving worker self-efficacy regarding the new equipment. Additionally cues-to-action were given to the workers. These cues were hard-hat stickers and t-shirts with reminder slogans. In a pretest/posttest experimental design with control group (n=40), questionnaire data were analyzed using independent t-tests of the gain-scores, and significant changes (p<0.05) were seen in worker self-efficacy, trust-in-technology, and overall readiness to adopt the tool. Theory-based intervention strategies were found to be effe...
An Analysis of Needs for Respiratory Therapists in Northeast Ohio and Development of Strategies to Meet Increased Recruitment Demands

Background The 2005 American Association for Respiratory Care Human Resources Survey suggested that the national demand for respiratory therapists (RTs) exceeds the supply. At the Cleveland Clinic an expected hospital expansion of 350 beds by 2008 has increased the need for RT staff. This report describes a strategy by which we developed a plan, in concert with local RT colleges, to recruit RTs. Methods Local RT managers were surveyed regarding demand for RTs. We developed a recruitment plan, based on discussions with RT program directors. Results The survey data and models estimated an annual mean of 33.4 new positions in northeast Ohio. Despite the fact that approximately 84 people graduated from northeast Ohio RT programs yearly in 2004 to 2007, the growth in demand for RTs exceeded the estimated supply. The main factor that caused RT schools to limit the supply of RTs was the paucity of clinical sites. Our analysis shows the schools could achieve a 40% increase in student output, and that if the Cleveland Clinic could essentially double its graduate hires, all RT staff needs in our hospital would be met by 2010. Conclusions To assure a needed supply of RTs, this work shows the value of modeling supply and demand scenarios, coupled with surveying local RT leaders and fostering dialog between local RT leaders in hospitals and colleges. The product of this activity was a strategy for achieving recruitment goals while assuring that other regional demands for RTs are also met. We recommend this approach to colleagues facing similar challenges.
Should patients receive anticoagulation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Consider anticoagulation therapy for all patients with atrial fibrillation—intermittent or chronic—if they have risk factors for stroke.
Abstract 3083: Regulation of novel tumor suppressor gene FUS1 expression through 5’- and 3’-UTRs and in response to DNA damage in human lung cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC FUS1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene located in the human chromosome 3p21.3 region. FUS1 mRNA transcripts could be detected on Northern blots in both normal lung and some lung cancer cell lines, but no endogenous FUS1 protein could be detected in a majority of lung cancer cell lines. Loss or reduction of FUS1 expression was observed in all small cell lung cancer and in more than 70 % of non-small cell lung carcinomas and was associated with significantly worse overall patient survival. However, mechanisms regulating FUS1 protein expression and its inactivation in primary lung cancer cells are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the 5’- and 3’-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the FUS1 gene in the regulation of FUS1 protein expression and determined changes in FUS1 gene and protein expression in response to oncogenic stress in normal lung and cancer cell lines. We constructed a series of expression plasmids containing the FUS1 coding region with or without the intrinsic UTRs and transfected them into normal lung bronchial epithelial and tumor cells to assess their roles in regulation of FUS1 protein expression. We identified some critical structure elements in FUS1 UTRs that could significantly regulate FUS1 protein expression. We found that two small upstream open-reading frames (uORFs) encoding an 8-amino-acid peptide and another 6-amino-acid peptide, respectively, in the 5’UTR of FUS1 could markedly inhibit the translational initiation of FUS1 protein by interfering with the “scanning” of the ribosome initiation complexes. Several secondary RNA structural elements/motifs on the 3’UTR of FUS1 also showed a significant inhibitory effect on FUS1 protein expression. The 3’UTR-mediated regulatory effect on FUS1 proteins expression was differentially detected in normal lung epithelial and fibroblast cells compared to lung cancer cells. We found that FUS1 expression could be induced or activated in the presence of DNA damaging agents, such as UV irradiation, etoposide, and cisplatin. UV irradiation could induce FUS1 protein and mRNA expression independent of the status of FUS1 UTRs. The FUS1 expression activated by DNA damaging agents such as etoposide or cisplatin facilitated FUS1-induced apoptosis, prevented cells from dividing and accelerated cell death. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms in the regulation of FUS1 expression in lung cancer cells. (Supported by NIH SPORE P50CA70907 and RO1CA116322 grants) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3083.
Repair of symptomatic non-union rib fractures: outcomes from a contemporary thoracic surgical series

Rib fracture nonunion represents failure of normal fracture healing. Although randomized controlled trials have demonstrated benefit to acute rib stabilization, the role of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for symptomatic nonunion fractures is unknown and limited to case reports.
Study on the selection of UHV AC 1000 kV insulator type

In order to select insulator type for the UHV 1 000 kV lines, the artificial contamination tests were carried out for different types of insulator under different pressure and in different typical kinds of equivalent salt deposit density(ESDD). The test shows that the flashover voltage of polluted insulators regularly decreases with the increasing of the altitude. And there are certain relationships between voltage and the shed shape. At last, the suggestions on insulator type selection for UHV AC 1 000 kV transmission lines are put forward. In the low and moderate contamination area, tri-shed insulator is firstly being recommended, and in the low contamination area, double-shed insulator is also being recommended. The moderate and above contamination area, composite insulator are recommended to use. However the normal type 300 kN insulator is not being recommended in the UHV transmission line.
Influence of drying methods on morphology of magnesium oxide nanoparticles

Taking magnesium chloride and urea as raw materials, magnesium hydroxide precipitate was prepared by homogenous precipitation method. Before it was calcined to produce nanoscale magnesium oxide, the precipitate was dried to remove its solvent by the following methods: direct drying, displacement drying and surface modification drying. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope to investigate the effects of drying methods on the morphology and particle size of nanoscale magnesia. Mechanism of agglomeration for drying process was discussed.
Effect of timing of cannulation on outcome for pediatric extracorporeal life support.

Purpose Literature reports worse outcomes for operations performed during off-hours. As this has not been studied in pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS), we compared complications based on the timing of cannulation..
Revising the American Public Health Association’s Public Health Code of Ethics

The authors discuss the Public Health Code of Ethics which was adopted by the American Public Health Association (APHA) in 2002 and is under revision. The task force formed by APHA Executive Director Georges Benjamin in 2015 and the four developments which resulted in the need to revise the code are also discussed.
The FIFA Crisis: Examining Sponsor Response Options

A crisis not only affects the organization that engaged in the improper act, but its stakeholders as well. While there are many studies that analyse response options for the organization involved in the crisis, there is little research focusing on the strategic response of stakeholders. This article uses the crisis involving FIFA as its focus and how its sponsors, an essential stakeholder group, responded. While no companies terminated their sponsorship, sponsors did issue statements that indicated the severity of the crisis and encouraged FIFA to engage in corrective action. FIFA engaging in corrective action is the best outcome for sponsors as they can maintain their partnership and continue to accrue the promotional communication and business benefits of this sponsorship.
A Phase II Trial of Decitabine and Vorinostat in Combination with Chemotherapy for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Abstract Abstract 4307 DNA hypermethylation and histone de-acetylation are mechanisms involved in gene expression silencing and subsequent drug resistance in leukemia. Agents which target these mechanisms have been investigated in myeloid malignancies but few studies have addressed whether they have a role in lymphoid leukemia. We conducted a clinical trial evaluating the tolerability and efficacy of Decitabine and Vorinostat followed by chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Patients 0–60 years of age were eligible. Protocol therapy included Decitabine (15mg/m2 iv) and Vorinostat (230mg/m2 PO div BID) days 1–4 followed by vincristine, prednisone, PEG-Asparaginase and doxorubicin. Fourteen patients with a median age of 16 (range, 3 – 54) years have been enrolled to date. Five patients failed prior allogeneic transplantation. The most common non-hematological toxicities (grade >3) at least possibly related to Decitabine and/or Vorinostat were infection (grade 3; n=6) and fever (grade 3; n=3). There was a single grade 5 toxicity related to the chemotherapy backbone. Bone marrow samples (n=11) were evaluated using the DNA LINE global methylation analysis. A decrease in total methylation was found in 10 patients comparing baseline and day 5 (4/10 showing significant reductions in hypermethylation (T-test p www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00882206 . Disclosures: Off Label Use: decitabine for relapsed ALL vorinostat for relapsed ALL.
Understanding Divergent Thermal Conductivity in Single Polythiophene Chains Using Green–Kubo Modal Analysis and Sonification

We used molecular dynamics simulations and the Green–Kubo modal analysis (GKMA) method as well as sonification to study the modal contributions to thermal conductivity in individual polythiophene chains. The simulations suggest that it is possible to achieve divergent thermal conductivity in individual polythiophene chains of certain lengths, with periodic boundary conditions. Application of the GKMA method further allowed for exact pinpointing of the modes responsible for the anomalous behavior. The analysis showed that transverse vibrations in the plane of the aromatic rings at low frequencies ∼0.05 THz are primarily responsible for the divergence. Within the integration time, one mode in particular exhibits a thermal conductivity contribution greater than 100 W m–1 K–1. Further investigation showed that the divergence arises from persistent correlation between the three lowest frequency modes on chains that have exact multiples of 30 unit cells in length. Sonification of the mode heat fluxes revealed r...
Gender, Nation, and State in Modern Japan, edited by Andrea Germer, Vera Mackie, and Ulrike Wöhr

Gender, Nation, and State in Modern Japan will certainly interest scholars in many fields within Japanese Studies. A truly transnational, interdisciplinary project, the volume brings together schol...
The influence of leadership behavior on employee work-family outcomes: A review and research agenda

Abstract Scholarly inquiries into the prominent role that leaders play in influencing their followers' work-family experiences have flourished in recent decades. Despite this encouraging progress, researchers have criticized the current state of the literature, lamenting that the study of leader behaviors in the work-family literature is either incomplete or oversimplified. To move the field forward, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to take stock of what we know, identify what is still unknown, and chart a path forward for future research. We organize the literature linking leadership to employees' work-family experience based on a four-category framework of leader behavior (task, relationship, change, and ethical/unethical). We summarize what effects leader behaviors may have on their followers, how such effects occur, and the boundary conditions of these effects. We conclude our review by identifying both theoretical and methodological gaps that can inform future leadership research in the work-family domain.
Notation and Mathematical Preliminaries

In this chapter, we first introduce the notations that will be used throughout the thesis. After that, we discuss and state some known results, as background material relevant to our future development.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Children

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) in childhood is a complex topic which cannot be completely discussed in a short presentation. The following summary is based on a review of children treated in the last five years at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas. Before presenting this information it is important to review the problems and limitations encountered in any attempt to compare one institution’s data concerning the treatment of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children with that of any other institution.
Manhattan versus Kyoto

In advance of the G8 summit held in Germany last month, US President George Bush reiterated his view that the best way to tackle global climate change is through technology, rather than by regulating emissions of greenhouse gases. He is not alone in this view. Indeed, political leaders of all persuasions, including US Senators Hilary Clinton and Charles Schumer, as well as many scientists, are arguing that global warming can only be solved through a crash research and development programme similar to the Manhattan or Apollo projects.
Quantifying variant differences in DNA melting curves: Effects of length, melting rate, and curve overlay.

High resolution DNA melting of PCR products is a simple technique for sequence variant detection and analysis. However, sensitivity and specificity vary and depend on many factors that continue to be defined. We introduce the area between normalized melting curves as a metric to quantify genotype discrimination. The effects of amplicon size (51-547 bp), melting rate (0.01-0.64 °C/s) and analysis method (curve shape by overlay vs absolute temperature differences) were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. To limit experimental variance, we studied a single nucleotide variant with identical predicted wild type and homozygous variant stabilities by nearest neighbor thermodynamic theory. Heterozygotes were easier to detect in smaller amplicons, at faster melting rates, and after curve overlay (superimposition), with some p-values <10-20. As heterozygote melting rates increase, the relative magnitude of heteroduplex contributions to melting curves increases, apparently the result of non-equilibrium processes. In contrast to heterozygotes, the interplay between curve overlay, PCR product size, and analysis method is complicated for homozygote genotype discrimination and is difficult to predict. Similar to temperature cycling in PCR, if the temperature control and temperature homogeneity of the solution are adequate, faster rates improve melting analysis, just like faster rates improve PCR.
Integrating Religion, Faith, and Morality in Traditional Law School Courses

We have found that integrating spiritual values and principles with traditional law school courses enriches both teacher and student, yielding a lawyering product that is priceless to society. This article focuses on three key areas. Section I, the most critical part of the article, consists of our organized presentation given at a Religiously Affiliated Law Schools symposium. In this section we demonstrate that there are at least nine viable techniques for integrating faith into legal education on a daily basis in traditional law school courses. The next two sections reflect the rich discussion that conferees shared in the wake of our presentation. Section II discusses the need for virtue and mission oriented legal education, demonstrating how the standards of academic freedom protect the freedom to pursue these teaching methods and positions. Section III discusses the combination of faith and reason, demonstrating that faith and reason are not only completely compatible, but mutually interdependent. We conclude that not only is integration of faith and learning legitimate, but that these virtues will positively affect people's lives when solidly sown into any plan of building leaders for a great civilization.
Economic Abuse Experiences and Depressive Symptoms among Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

There are significant, detrimental effects of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) on victims’ mental health and well-being. However, little is known about the impact of economic abuse. To address this gap, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between economic abuse and depression and to explore whether the association between economic abuse and depression could be accounted for by other forms of IPV victimization (physical, sexual, and psychological abuse). Data from 457 female victims of IPV, recruited from 14 domestic violence programs across 10 states and Puerto Rico, were examined to explore the association between economic abuse and depressive symptoms. A series of hierarchical regressions were used to examine whether the addition of economic abuse improved the association between depression over and above participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and experiences of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV. The majority (93%) of participants reported experiencing economic abuse from their intimate partner. The findings from a series of multiple regression analyses revealed that economic abuse was uniquely associated with depression after accounting for other forms of IPV victimization and the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants. Implications include the need for screening, intervention, and prevention of economic abuse among IPV victims and continued research regarding economic abuse experiences.
On Bayesian Inference for Proportional Hazards Models Using Noninformative Priors

In this article, we investigate the propertiesof the posterior distribution under the uniform improper priorfor two commonly used proportional hazards models; the Weibullregression model and the extreme value regression model. We allowthe observations to be right censored. We obtain sufficient conditionsfor the existence of the posterior moment generating functionof the regression coefficients. A dataset involving a lung cancerclinical trial and a simulation are presented to illustrate ourresults.
Phenethylamines in brain and liver of rats with experimentally induced phenylketonuria-like characteristics

1. Phenethylamines were extracted from brain and liver of rats with phenylketonuria-like characteristics produced in vivo by inhibition of phenylalanine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3.1) with p-chlorophenylalanine, with or without phenylalanine administration. To protect amines against oxidation by monoamine oxidase, pargyline was also administered. 2. β-Phenethylamine was the major compound found in brain and liver. β-Phenethanolamine and octopamine were also present, in lesser amounts, and the concentrations of these three amines paralleled blood phenylalanine concentrations. By comparison, tissues from control animals had only very low concentrations of these amines. 3. Small amounts of normetadrenaline, m-tyramine and 3-methoxytyramine were also found. 4. The inhibitors used, p-chlorophenylalanine and pargyline, gave rise to p-chlorophenethylamine and benzylamine respectively, the first via decarboxylation, the second probably by breakdown during extraction. 5. Distribution of phenethylamines in different brain regions and in subcellular fractions of rat brain cells was also investigated. The content of phenethylamine was highest in the striatum. 6. These findings are discussed in the light of changes occurring in human patients with uncontrolled phenylketonuria.
The regulated release of transmitters from astrocytes

Research over the past decade has given us novel insights into the diverse roles played by astrocytes in the functioning of numerous processes within the central nervous system (CNS) that have been the focus of several recent reviews (Anderson and Swanson, 2000; Carmignoto, 2000; Hussy et al., 2000; Araque et al., 2001; Haydon, 2001; Mazzanti et al., 2001; Cotrina and Nedergaard, 2002; Chen and Swanson, 2003). This review focuses on recent observations concerning the mechanisms of release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes. Two observations in 1994 led to a significant breakthrough in our thinking about astrocyte function (Nedergaard, 1994; Parpura et al., 1994). These studies showed that calcium elevations in astrocytes could lead to delayed neuronal calcium elevations. However, the mechanisms believed to underlie astrocyte-to-neuron signaling were quite distinct. While Nedergaard concluded that gap junctions mediate astrocyte-to-neuron signaling, Parpura et al. found evidence to support the notion that glutamate released from the astrocyte leads to an N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent elevation of neuronal calcium. Although additional support for the role of gap junctions has come from studies in the locus coeruleus (Alvarez-Maubecin et al., 2000), there is greater evidence to support the concept that it is the extracellular release of chemical transmitters from astrocytes that mediates astrocyte-to-neuron signaling.
What Medical Equipment Taught Me About Sustainability

The first time I stepped into an operating room in the developing world, I knew what I wanted to do for the rest of my life. It was a children’s hospital in Managua, Nicaragua. I was travelling with a team of surgeons, nurses, intensivists, pump specialists, anesthesiologists and one engineer – me. It was the middle of a procedure to fix a heart defect in a beautiful little girl – a little girl with huge brown eyes and an innocent smile, despite a life filled with poverty and severe disability. She could hardly walk without shortness of breath due to her heart condition.
Vorstellungen und Orientierungen zu Leseförderung an der Christian-Morgenstern-Schule

Auch die zweite Falldarstellung beginnt mit der Prasentation rekonstruierter kollektiver Orientierungen der Informanten (Kap. 5.1), auf welche die der individuellen Vorstellungen folgt (Kap. 5.2). Die dargestellten Wissensbestande werden einer Schlussbetrachtung unterzogen, aus der fallbezogene Folgerungen erwachsen (Kap. 5.3).