cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Explanation for Americans’ Endorsement of Free Trade and Their "Buy American" Activities in the Marketplace

The 1990’s have seen a growing debate in the U.S. over the merit of free trade. After NAFTA and GATT, freer trade continues to be an important issue for the U.S. Conceptually, the topic appears allied with the country-of-origin work of the past two decades. This study developed a causal model that uses consumers’ interpersonal orientation to provide an integrated explanation for their attitudes and activities related to free trade. The Free trade construct represents attitudes toward freer economic interchange with foreigners. The Action construct represents "buy American" activities in the marketplace; it is the behavioral component of persons’ attitudinal orientation toward free trade. The eight proposed explanatory constructs are Prejudice, Ethnocentrism, Nationalism, Fear of job loss, Similarity, Common fate, Image of foreigners, and Social norms.
Impact Evaluation Using Analysis of Covariance With Error-Prone Covariates That Violate Surrogacy:

Background:Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) is commonly used to adjust for potential confounders in observational studies of intervention effects. Measurement error in the covariates used in ANCOVA ...
Build New Defense and Negotiate China’s Security

Fighting continued during the Korean truce negotiations in the period 1951–1953. By summer 1951, the war’s nature changed and evolved from mobile warfare to stalemate. Aside from two minor offensives, Peng Dehuai altered focus from annihilating the UNF in mobile warfare to securing his frontlines in positional defense. The CPVF increased its air force, artillery, and tank units, to limit casualties and negate UNF firepower. Meanwhile, Mao was interested in using negotiations to strengthen China’s security and create a new Sino-centric, Cold War system in East Asia. Eventually, China completed its “buffer zone” from the 38th Parallel in Korea, through the Taiwan Strait, and to the 17th Parallel in Vietnam via the 1953 Korean Truce Agreement and 1954 Geneva Indochinese Settlement.
Case 37-2019: A 20-Month-Old Boy with Severe Anemia.

A Boy with Severe Anemia A 20-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of severe anemia. On examination, tachycardia, tachypnea, hepatosplenomegaly, multiple cafe au lait skin macules, an...
Cross-Modal Coordination of Face-Directed Gaze and Emotional Speech Production in School-Aged Children and Adolescents with ASD

Autism spectrum disorder involves persistent difficulties in social communication. Although these difficulties affect both verbal and nonverbal communication, there are no quantitative behavioral studies to date investigating the cross-modal coordination of verbal and nonverbal communication in autism. The objective of the present study was to characterize the dynamic relation between speech production and facial expression in children with autism and to establish how face-directed gaze modulates this cross-modal coordination. In a dynamic mimicry task, experiment participants watched and repeated neutral and emotional spoken sentences with accompanying facial expressions. Analysis of audio and motion capture data quantified cross-modal coordination between simultaneous speech production and facial expression. Whereas neurotypical children produced emotional sentences with strong cross-modal coordination and produced neutral sentences with weak cross-modal coordination, autistic children produced similar levels of cross-modal coordination for both neutral and emotional sentences. An eyetracking analysis revealed that cross-modal coordination of speech production and facial expression was greater when the neurotypical child spent more time looking at the face, but weaker when the autistic child spent more time looking at the face. In sum, social communication difficulties in autism spectrum disorder may involve deficits in cross-modal coordination. This finding may inform how autistic individuals are perceived in their daily conversations.
Capturing ephemeral forest dynamics with hybrid time-series and composite mapping in the Republic of Panama

Abstract Measuring and progressing toward international goals of curbing deforestation and improving livelihoods of people who depend on forests requires nuanced understanding of forests and the processes surrounding deforestation and degradation. Despite rapid improvements in Earth Observation technology, monitoring of tropical forests remains hindered by persistent cloud cover, heterogeneous landscapes, long wet seasons, and small and ephemeral clearings masked by rapid growth. A hybrid method is presented that combines elements of both time-series and compositing approaches to best overcome these obstacles to map forest cover and change in the Republic of Panama based on Landsat imagery. The resulting Panama Vegetation-Cover Time-Series (PVCTS) maps depict forest cover in Panama from 1990 to 2016 at 30 m resolution. Acknowledging the fuzzy boundary between forest and non-forest classes, these maps employ a hierarchical classification scheme that reflects the natural process of regeneration and can accommodate different definitions of forest and deforestation. Classification accuracy is 97–98 % between forest/non-forest categories and 76–81 % for deforestation events. The maps show a slight greening of Panama from 1990 to 2016 caused by expansion of young secondary growth. The annual rate of deforestation in mature forest has remained around -0.6 %/yr, although young forests have matured at a similar rate such that there is no net loss of forest. While estimates of total forest cover are similar to official national estimates depending on forest definition, there is little agreement in location of deforestation events.
1455-P: Effect of Treatment of Anemia on HbA1c Levels

Introduction: While glucose remains the major determining factor of HbA1C, other conditions like hemolytic anemia, iron/vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia have also been shown to affect HbA1C. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in a tertiary care center, Kasturba hospital, India over a period of two years, that included patients in the age group of 18 to 70 years with anemia and no proven diabetes. We excluded all patients with diabetes, other forms of anemia, major organ dysfunction, hemoglobin Anemia was treated with iron and/or cobalamin. Hemoglobin was measured every month till normal values were attained. HbA1C was measured at the beginning and at the end of completion of 3 months of treatment. For comparing pre and post therapy HbA1C levels, paired t-testwas used. A p value of Results: We found a significant decrease in HbA1C levels among 70% of the iron deficient group, 72% of the B12 deficiency group and 83% of the dual deficiency group with the treatment of anemia. In our study, as many as 27 (38%) patients were labeled as prediabetic without considering their anemic status. Conclusion: From the observations made in this study, it is evident that HbA1C could be influenced by the anemic state of an individual. Hence, it is advisable to treat patients with anemia before defining their diabetic status. Larger studies are required to know the degree of impact of anemia on HbA1C. Disclosure V. Pendela: None. S. Venugopal: None. P. Kudaravalli: None.
Design of ultra-scaled-channel N-polar GaN HEMTs with high charge density: A systematic study of hole traps and their impact on charge density in the channel

It has been previously shown that hole/donor traps at the (Al, Ga) N/GaN interface cause DC-RF dispersion and output conductance in N-polar GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). In this work, we systematically studied the impact of hole trap energy and density on two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density using Silvaco Atlas. Simulation results revealed that the exclusion of the hole traps in the model results in an underestimation of 2DEG density compared to experimentally obtained 2DEG density. By comparing simulations with the experimental results, a hole trap with a density of 3 × 1013 cm−2 at 280 meV above the valence band at the AlN/GaN negative polarization interface was estimated. Three different silicon doping schemes were then examined to suppress the effect of traps. Delta doping (15 nm) at the GaN buffer and barrier interface (doping Scheme-A) is effective in compensating traps present at that interface but insufficient to compensate traps near the GaN channel. Similarly, doping the back-barrier (doping scheme-B) is sufficient to neutralize traps in the middle of the back-barrier and close to the channel but inadequate to neutralize traps at the buffer–barrier interface. Series-C doping employs a combination of doping schemes A and B that effectively neutralizes traps present at all interfaces while simultaneously modulating the 2DEG charge density. An ultra-scaled 5-nm-thick GaN HEMT epitaxial structure was also designed by band engineering that can maintain high 2DEG density in the channel (2 × 013 cm−2) with less than 5% parasitic charge and trap ionization over a wide range of doping from 6 × 1018 cm−3 to 1 × 1019 cm−3.
Reinvestigating Surgery Scheduling in the 'To-Follow' Practice

Problem Definition: Many studies have addressed the issues associated with surgery scheduling. However, based on our observations in multiple hospitals and our interviews with numerous practitioners, we reinvestigate surgery scheduling considering several important but widely-overlooked features. In particular, we consider the ubiquitous "to-follow'' practice (TFP) that contradicts common assumptions and greatly reduces the impact of previous studies. Academic/Practical Relevance: We illustrate the gap between practice and common assumptions in the literature. We study surgery scheduling considering real-world details including TFP and TFP-specific behaviors. This results in unique insights into managerial decisions that practice administrators face daily. Methodology: We propose a simulation-optimization framework for this complex scheduling problem. We develop a scheduling procedure using a perturbation analysis-based stochastic optimization algorithm which incorporates the dynamics of surgical care operations. The proposed algorithm identifies near-optimal decisions and significantly outperforms benchmark methods. Results: First, we estimate that TFP implementation leads to significant cost saving, which may explain TFP's ubiquity. Literature that ignores TFP significantly overestimates the value of the proposed scheduling methods. Second, OR sharing between surgeons, which is inconsequential when ignoring TFP, blunts the benefit of TFP and impacts the relative value of different scheduling efforts. Third, we show that solely changing decisions on patient arrival time or schedule adjustment frequency does not guarantee process improvement. Managerial Implications: We suggest that healthcare researchers must consider TFP for an unbiased evaluation of their methodologies. We recommend that surgery practice administrators minimize OR sharing and prioritize their efforts in surgery scheduling according to their OR sharing practice. We also suggest that administrators adopt an optimization-based surgery scheduling approach like ours, since marginally changing current practice may not guarantee process improvement.
Business ethics: perspectives from Judaic, Christian, and Islamic scriptures

There is increased emphasis on ethics in business and the teaching and learning of ethics in business schools. One formative source for ethical understanding is one's religious background and beliefs. Therefore, a highly pertinent question is: What are the teachings of various religions regarding ethical practices in commercial activities? Within that broad question, a more limited question is: What can we learn from a comparative study of scriptures that will help us improve the teaching, learning, and practice of business ethics? This paper focuses on the scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam and concludes that within those scriptures there is much in common and relevant in relation to contemporary topics in business ethics. A classroom discussion and dialogue based on these foundations would be helpful to those engaged in the teaching and learning of business ethics.
Tramadol’s mystery withdrawal - should we worry about SNRI discontinuation syndrome? (1110)

Objective: N/A Background: Case: A 66-year-old male with chronic pain on tramadol (200 mg daily) presents to the ED with symptoms of restlessness and shaking concerning for seizures. After decades of opiate use for chronic pain, he decided to abruptly discontinue his tramadol. That evening he developed tremulousness, insomnia, confusion, hallucinations, and worsening gait instability. On presentation to the ED he had tachycardia, increased lacrimation/rhinorrhea, hyperreflexia, and marked akathisia. Labs and neuroimaging were unremarkable. Neurology and psychiatry were consulted. Initially treated symptomatically for opiate withdrawal with minimal improvement. Given atypical presentation with predominate neurologic features and SNRI effects of tramadol, concern arose for a component of SNRI discontinuation syndrome. He was started on a venlafaxine taper with rapid amelioration of symptoms. Design/Methods: N/A Results: Discussion: Tramadol is most known for its action as a mu-opioid receptor agonist, with its SNRI effects less well known. No case reports have yet described SNRI discontinuation syndrome as an effect of tramadol withdrawal. The tramadol molecule itself acts as a very weak opioid receptor agonist, while it’s metabolite O-desmethyltramadol is only slightly stronger. Its main action is through its SNRI properties, with a structure very similar to SNRIs. For poor CYP2D6-metabolizers tramadol has limited conversion to O-desmethyltramadol resulting in disproportionate SNRI effects with a limited opiate effect. In this case, symptoms associated with SNRI discontinuation syndrome predominated and were relieved with an SNRI taper. Conclusions: Tramadol has both weak opiate and SNRI mechanisms of action. The proportion of opiate vs SNRI effect is unpredictable and affected by variations in CYP metabolism/inhibition. The unpredictable mechanism of action has important implications for the efficacy of tramadol in pain management and in the manifestations and treatment of withdrawal. SNRI discontinuation syndrome should be considered in patients with refractory or atypical symptoms in tramadol withdrawal, with SNRI taper considered as adjuvant treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Eder has nothing to disclose.
Target Discrimination for Situational Awareness

Situational awareness is of paramount importance in a battlefield for successful operations. It is well known that whoever has the informational advantage tends to win the battles, mainly because they are in a better position to plan properly to counter the enemy’s plans.
Inflammatory activation of brain cells by hypoxia: transcription factors and signaling pathways

Cytokines play a major role in the initiation, propagation, regulation and suppression of inflammatory responses [1–3]. Most cells do not constitutively express cytokines, but rather an activation event results in cytokine gene transcription. The major intrinsic sources of cytokines in the brain are glial cells [1>]. However, elements of the brain vasculature including cerebral endothelial cells (CEC), pericytes, and perivascular macrophages, as well as peripheral immune cells that infiltrate the brain in pathological states, are significant sources of cytokines [1–4].
Estimating the position of a sphere from range images

Describes two algorithms for accurately locating a spherical object in space using data collected from a scanning laser range finder. This work is designed to support the capture phase of a future rendezvous and sample return mission to Mars. The first algorithm finds the parameters of the sphere which optimally fit the set of data points. This method is shown to be quite slow, and unlikely to meet the accuracy requirements of the mission. The second algorithm makes a set of almost-independent estimates of the position of the center of the sphere, one from each scan line of data. These estimates are combined using regression to produce an aggregate estimate of the sphere position. This second algorithm is both fast enough, and accurate enough to meet mission requirements.
Studies on production of hyaluronic acid in tissue culture; the presence of hyaluronidase in embryo extract.

Abstract 1. The formation of a tight mucin clot with acetic acid that can be prevented by hyaluronidase, indicates the presence of highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. Cultured cells of various mesenchymal tissues produce in vitro highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. 2. Freshly prepared, concentrated embryo extract contains hyaluronic acid, the concentration of which was estimated to be about 210 to 240 mcg/ml. 3. Hyaluronic acid present in concentrated chick embryo extract was depolymerized when incubated at 37 °C for 1 to 4 days. Chick embryo extract may contain small quantities of free hyaluronidase, which slowly depolymerizes hyaluronic acid at 37, and more slowly at 4 °C. 4. In tissue culture with several days' intervals between changes of medium, hyaluronic acid contained in embryo extract was depolymerized. 5. Culture fluid containing hyaluronic acid produced in tissue culture subsequently incubated for up to 55 days, did not lose the quality of mucin clot formation.
Toward a visual thesaurus

A thesaurus is a book containing related words, such as synonyms, in a given language; it provides similarity links when trying to retrieve articles or stories about a particular topic. A "visual thesaurus" works with pictures, not words. It aids in recognizing visually similar events, "visual synonyms," including both spatial and motion similarity. This paper describes a method for building such a tool, and recent research results in the MIT Media Lab which contribute toward this goal. The heart of the method is a learning system which gathers information by interacting with a user of a database. The learning system is also capable of incorporating audio and other perceptual information, ultimately constructing a representation of common sense knowledge.
A PC-based measurement and control system for DC motors

The design of a personal computer-based measurement and control system for teaching and research in a DC drive laboratory is described. This system uses a personal computer in conjunction with an analog and digital I/O board, a signal sensing and conditioning subsystem for the acquisition and subsequent processing of current, voltage, and speed signals, and a power amplifier module for driving the DC motor under test. The system is shown to improve the reliability and productivity of DC motor measurement in the laboratory and provide such features as speed control, overload identification and protection, and graphics display of measured variables. The software subsystem is written in the C language and is able to perform the tasks associated with the real-time measurement and control of a DC motor. The design considerations and system-related constraints are presented. The hardware and software subsystems are discussed. Some possible practical applications are also discussed. >
Analysis of free space material characterization using genetic algorithms

Previous work has demonstrated the usage of genetic algorithms (GA) and plane wave reflection data to characterize the electric permittivity of a conductor-backed dielectric sample. Presented in this paper is follow on analysis to illustrate the reliability of the GA to consistently and accurately determine the electric permittivity without a priori knowledge of the material under test.
Wynne : It's Not About Double Taxation

This Article discusses Wynne v. Comptroller, a dormant Commerce Clause case against Maryland pending before the Supreme Court. We use economic analysis to rebut Maryland’s claim that its tax regime does not discriminate against interstate commerce. We also argue that the parties’ framing of the central issue in the case as whether the Constitution requires states to relieve double taxation draws focus away from the discrimination question, and therefore could undermine the Wynnes’ case and lead to unjustified narrowing of the dormant Commerce Clause. We also show how our approach to tax discrimination resolves many of the issues that seemed to trouble the Justices at oral argument.
Cartographies of remembrance and becoming in the Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela

This article examines the role of memory performance in participatory mapping in indigenous communities, in particular in terms of driving radical action for territorial rights. By examining the links between memory performance, processes of identity formation and the social constructions of landscape, the article suggests that greater critical consideration should be given to participatory mapping as process, as opposed to participatory maps as products. This is particularly important in the current push for land, resource and territorial rights among indigenous peoples in Venezuela and beyond. The article is based on a participatory mapping project conducted with indigenous residents of the Yukpa community of Toromo in the Sierra de Perija, Venezuela, in the years 2007–2011. The mapping process inspired the speaking of memory, which in turn articulated with autochthonous debates regarding land rights and development strategies. By drawing on Ricoeur's conceptualisation of memory and narrative identity, the article presents and critically analyses memory performances of violence, exile and deceit, which reflect memory themes constitutive of a ‘duty to remember’ and ‘a duty to map’ so often expressed by Yukpa.
Who's in charge? Lessons in discerning the source of authority for a rural local government's decision to retain od help

In the face of increasing demand in this era of “fend for yourself federalism,” greater numbers of university-based organization development consultants will likely be working closely with city and county governments in the coming years. Questions of authority to engage the consultant and to implement any new policies which result from the OD intervention process are not always easy to answer. This paper describes an illustrative case study in which failure to answer these questions resulted in the premature termination of an ongoing intervention. Lessons learned from this “failure” and steps which might be taken to avoid similar outcomes in comparable circumstances are discussed.
Effect of Polymer Aggregation on the Open Circuit Voltage in Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Aggregation-Induced Conjugated Polymer Gel and its Application for Preventing Open Circuit Voltage Drop

To investigate the structure-dependent aggregation behavior of conjugated polymers and the effect of aggregation on the device performance of conjugated polymer photovoltaic cells, new conjugated polymers (PVTT and CN-PVTT) having the same regioregularity but different intermolecular packing were prepared and characterized by means of UV-vis spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Photovoltaic devices were prepared with these polymers under different polymer-aggregate conditions. Polymer aggregation induced by thermal annealing increases the short circuit current but provides no advantage in the overall power conversion efficiency because of a decrease in the open circuit voltage. The device fabricated from a pre-aggregated polymer suspension, acquired from ultrasonic agitation of a conjugated polymer gel, showed enhanced performance because of better phase separation and reduced recombination between polymer/PCBM.
Conservation of Imperiled Crayfish—Orconectes (Faxonius) Indianensis Hay (Decapoda: Cambaridae)

(TPS) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 620 South Walker Street, Bloomington, IN 47403-2121, U.S.A; and Crustacean Collection, Aquatic Research Center, Indiana Biological Survey, 6440 South Fairfax Road, Bloomington, Indiana 47401, U.S.A. (thomas_simon@fws.gov); (RFT) Crustacean Range, Museum of Biodiversity, The Ohio State University, 1351 Kinnear Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43212-1192, U.S.A. (bartonii@adelphia.com)
Optical properties of MX chain materials: an extended Peierls-Hubbard model☆

Abstract We describe theoretical modeling of both pure (MX) and mixed-halide (MX x X′ 1− x ) halogen (X)-bridged transition metal (M) linear chain complexes in terms of an extended Peierls-Hubbard, tight-binding Hamiltonian with 3/4-filling of two bands. Both inter- and intra-site electron-phonon coupling are included. Electronic (optical absorption), lattice dynamic (IR, Raman) and spin (ESR) signatures are obtained for the ground states, localized excited states produced by impurities, doping or photoexcitation (excitons, polarons, bipolarons, solitons) and the edge states (which occur in mixed-halide crystals, e.g. PtCl x Br 1− x ). Adiabatic molecular dynamics is used to explore photodecay channels in pure and impure systems for ground states as well as in the presence of pre-existing polaronic states: 71.38+ i , 78.30− j , 71.10+ x .
Chemical monitoring of urine from workers potentially exposed to benzidine-derived azo dyes.

Abstract Benzidine (Bzd) and monoacetylbenzidine (MoAcBzd) were found in the urine of workers exposed to benzidine-based azo dyes. A colorimetric screening method, based on the reaction of extracted free aromatic amines with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS), was used with a specific electron-capture gas chromatographic (EC-GC) method. Alkaline hydrolyzable conjugates of Bzd and 2,4-diammoazobenzene (DiAmAzBz) were found together with free DiAmAzBz and traces of 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (DiMeBzd) and 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine (DiMxBzd). The presence of a known human bladder carcinogen (Bzd) and its metabolites in the urine of workers exposed to benzidine-based azo dyes is a cause for concern.
Behavior of Elastic-Plastic Rough Surface Contacts as Affected by Surface Topography, Load, and Material Hardness

Surface roughness plays an important role in affecting friction, wear, and lubrication of contacting bodies. A small change in the distribution of the asperity heights and widths can have a significant effect on the performance variables which include the real area of contact, the average gap, and the average asperity contact pressure. A series of contact simulations were conducted in order to investigate the effects of the surface topography, material hardness and load on the deformation behavior of the rough surfaces. These surfaces were numerically generated by computer and varied widely in statistical roughness properties, ranging from isotropic to strongly anisotropic. The current simulations took into account the elastic-plastic deformation behavior of the asperities. Using the contact simulation results, the performance variables were curve-fitted to convenient analytical formulas as functions of the surface roughness parameters, material hardness, and load. Presented at the 49th Annual Meeting in ...
The significance of lineaments mapped from remotely sensed images of the 1:250 000 Lau Sheet in the Benue trough of Nigeria

Abstract A lineament map of the 1:250000 Lau Sheet in the Benue trough of Nigeria is presented that is derived from LANDSAT and radar images. The two general trends of the lineaments correspond to the structural trend of the Nigerian basement rocks. New lineaments which are probably faults were delineated and recorded along with new circular features, There is a high probability of finding minerals of economic value in the study area, based on the lineament patterns and the tectonic history.
Non-linear flap-lag dynamics of hingeless helicopter blades in hover and in forward flight

The aeroelastic instability of the coupled nonlinear flap-lag motion of a torsionally rigid helicopter blade is treated by using the perturbation method in multiple time scales. The nonlinearities present in the equations are those arising from the inclusion of moderately large deflections in the inertia and aerodynamic loading terms. The stability boundaries, amplitudes of nonlinear response, and conditions for existence of limit cycles are obtained analytically. Thus the different roles played by the forcing, parametric excitation, and nonlinear coupling in affecting the solution can be easily identified. Numerical results illustrating the behavior of the blade are presented.
Molecular genetic analysis of mammalian behavior and brain processes: caveats and perspectives

Abstract Single gene manipulation allows one to create mutant mammalian organisms that may be useful for genetic dissection of mechanisms underlying brain function and behavior. Alterations in a mutant organism may be directly related to the mutation or due to compensatory mechanisms. Analysis of these responses may reveal molecular organization of the brain. However, the results of several recent molecular neurobiology studies are difficult to interpret since they are flawed by the problems resulting from genetic linkage of and variability in background genes. The behavioral analysis of mutant mice may also be uninterpretable if one ignores species-specific characteristics of the experimental animals.
Spatial correlates of hippocampal unit activity

Abstract Electrical activity of units in the hippocampus was recorded from freely behaving rats as they explored a spatial maze. The maze had eight arms, each of which radiated from the center platform-like spokes of a wheel. Of 31 hippocampal “complex spike” units, 27 had strong “spatial correlates” as defined by the following conjoint criteria: (i) the mean rate of activity on at least one of the eight arms was different from the overall grand mean by at least three standard errors of the mean; (ii) the mean rate of activity on each visit to an arm was significantly different from the overall grand mean by a Sign test. The first criterion tests the magnitude of the rate of change associated with a particular spatial location and the second criterion tests the reliability of this rate change. Spatial correlates were reflected by both an increase in rate (“on” field) and a decrease in rate (“off” field), and ranged from discrete fields which were restricted to a single arm to broad fields which encompassed several arms. These data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the hippocampus is involved in the processing of spatial information.
ENZYME PATTERNS DURING A SYNCHRONOUS GROWTH CYCLE OF CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA

There have been no studies in which a significant number of isozymes have been investigated during a synchronous growth cycle of any organism. The present study was designed to obtain information on the fluctuations of a broad spectrum of enzymes during a synchronous growth cycle of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Of the thirty-two enzymic activities investigated, seventeen could be localized on starch gels from a high temperature strain of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Nine of these activities were found to possess more than one band of activity by starch gel electrophoresis. Seven of these activities were localized on starch gels throughout a synchronous growth cycle of C. pyrenoidosa grown in continuous light. Assay techniques are described. The fluctuations in enzyme activity are discussed with relation to concurrent metabolic and cytological changes during cell maturation in C. pyrenoidosa.
Latent features with maximal correlation between two equal sets of variables

If in two data tables X and Y objects are characterized by the same variables (measured at different occasions), then looking for common latent features should be more appropriate than choosing latent features in X and Y separately (e.g. as in canonical correlation or PLS). The procedure to be proposed here is a slight modification of the method of linear characteristics (according to De Groot and Li) by disclaiming the assumption of equal inner-block covariance matrices. In order to find weights defining a latent feature with maximal correlation between X and Y, a system of non-linear equations has to be solved. The procedure is applied to the investigation of heavy metal concentrations in different human tissues.
Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles on fatty acid digestibility in growing pigs

An experiment was conducted to measure the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of fatty acids in diets containing 0 or 30% corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and 0, 5, or 10% tallow. Barrows (n = 24; initial BW = 25 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum. Pigs (n = 4/diet) were randomly assigned to diets: corn-soybean meal control (CON), CON plus 5% tallow (5T0D), CON plus 10% tallow (10T0D), CON plus 30% DDGS (0T30D), CON plus 5% tallow and 30% DDGS (5T30D), and CON plus 10% tallow and 30% DDGS (10T30D). Eight replicates per treatment were achieved by randomizing diets among pigs for a second collection period. Each pig was fed their respective diet for a 5-d adaptation period followed by 3-d fecal collection and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods. The AID and ATTD of fatty acids was calculated using the index method and acid-insoluble ash as an indigestible marker. When tallow was added to diets with 0% DDGS, there was no effect on AID of palmitic acid (C16:0) or SFA, while AID of stearic acid (C18:0) was increased (66.87% for CON, 72.06% for 5T0D, and 76.81% for 10T0D; P < 0.01). However, when diets contained 30% DDGS, the AID of all SFA was reduced as levels of tallow increased C16:0 (77.62% for 0T30D, 69.66% for 5T30D, and 68.43% for 10T30D), C18:0 (85.87% for 0T30D, 64.08% for 5T30D, and 61.25% for 10T30D), and SFA (79.88% for 0T30D, 68.23% for 5T30D, and 66.29% for 10T30D). The AID of MUFA was not affected when tallow was added to diets with 30% DDGS but actually increased in 5T0D and 10T0D. The amount of apparent ileal digested fatty acids increased with the addition of DDGS and tallow regardless of their digestibility. Amounts of ileal digested MUFA and PUFA increased when both DDGS (P < 0.01) and tallow (P < 0.01) were included in the diet compared to when either ingredient was excluded. For ileal digestible SFA, an interaction (P < 0.01) between DDGS and tallow was observed. Interactions between DDGS and tallow were observed for ATTD of all fatty acids (P < 0.01), except for linoleic acid and PUFA, which were not affected by dietary treatment. The amount of ileal digestible PUFA increased with tallow addition independent from the inclusion level of DDGS and it was a function the dietary concentration of the fatty acid. Adding tallow to corn-soybean based diets increased the amount of digested SFA, but in diets with DDGS, the increment in amount of ileal digestible SFA was less prominent due to lesser digestibility of SFA.
Bio-inspired onboard membrane separation of water from engine oil

Abstract In colder environment, atmospheric moisture as well as water produced by gasoline engine combustion condense in the engine oil and introduce a significant amount of water. This water affects the engine oil performance. Hollow fiber membrane-based artificial kidney successfully removes waste metabolites from human blood. A similar hollow fiber membrane based device has been studied here for the removal of emulsified water in engine oil. The oil containing emulsified water flows on one side of the hollow fiber membrane; air flowing on the other side strips the moisture from the oil through a hydrogel membrane present in the hollow fiber membrane wall. Of the four types of hemodialysis membranes studied, regenerated cellulose-based hollow fiber membranes were found to be most suitable over the temperature range studied, −10 °C to 80 °C. All studies were conducted with SAE 5W30 motor oil containing emulsified water at the level of 1–4%. Batch recirculation studies demonstrated 90%+ removal of emulsified water in parallel flow modules containing 300 regenerated cellulose (RC) capillaries having a surface area of 150 cm 2 . Studies were successfully carried out over a range of temperatures, oil flow rates, water content and oil temperature ramping with the oil flowing through the bore of hollow fiber membranes and air flowing outside. The water-removal capabilities of such modules decreased slowly on repeated dewatering tests over 7–8 days due to membrane fouling by the emulsion; the membrane fouling was also prevalent at the hollow fiber tube sheet. A cross flow hollow fiber device built with the engine oil flowing outside the fibers in cross flow demonstrated no such membrane fouling on repeated use. A mathematical model was developed to extract water mass transfer coefficient from the experimental data. The water mass transfer resistance in the oil film was found to be important. The cross flow device decreased this resistance substantially suggesting that a small membrane module should be able to remove moisture effectively in an automobile.
Nanometer-Scale ${\rm HfO}_{x}$ RRAM

HfOx-based resistive random access memory with an active area down to few nanometers in diameter is fabricated and characterized. Scaling trends for forming and switching characteristics are presented. For the smallest device with an active area of few nanometers in diameter, ac switching endurance of 108 cycles with more than 100 × resistance window is demonstrated. In addition, multiple resistance states are shown to be stable after 105 read cycles and 105 s baking at 150 °C.
SALIVARY FUNCTION AND HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND A CASE REPORT

Limited evidence suggests a relationship between the use of antihypertensive medications and reduced salivary function. This article provides a review of the literature concerning the relationship between hypertension, hypertensive therapy and salivary function. A case report is presented to illustrate changes in salivary function in response to different types of antihypertensive medications.
Morality in marketing: Oxymoron or good business practice?

Abstract Marketing morality as oxymoron or good business practice is the primary focus of this research and is a topic deserving of attention by the field. Much theory on morality involves issues like salesperson behavior that fails to examine the impact on important goals. For instance, ethicists evaluate and provide recommendations and prohibitions without concern for their influence on the financial well-being of firms. This disconnect has unintended consequences. First, moral dictates often are naive by the standards of marketing managers, out-of-touch with complexities of real world firms. Second, scholars discount prescriptions for change since they do not reflect the full range of management requirements for success. Is marketing morality an oxymoron or good business practice? The time is right for marketers to take a serious look.
A novel role for SED1 (MFG-E8) in maintaining the integrity of the epididymal epithelium

The epididymis is a highly convoluted tubule that connects the testis with the vas deferens, and in which mammalian sperm acquire the ability to fertilize eggs. The most proximal portion of the epididymis, or initial segment, secretes numerous factors that are critical for sperm maturation and storage. One such factor is SED1 (also known as MFG-E8) a bi-motif protein composed of two N-terminal EGF domains, the second of which contains an RGD motif, and two C-terminal discoidin domains (also known as F5/8 type C domains). Previous studies have reported that SED1 is secreted into the epididymal lumen, where it coats sperm and later facilitates sperm-egg binding. Herein, we report that SED1-null males also harbor unexpected epididymal pathologies, including detached epithelia and spermatic granulomas. We therefore examined whether SED1 has a tissue-intrinsic role in the epididymis, in addition to its role in sperm-egg adhesion. Improved fixation protocols revealed that SED1 is found in the basolateral domains of epididymal epithelial cells in vivo, and similarly, SED1 is secreted both apically and basally from polarized epididymal cells in vitro. The basolateral distribution of SED1 suggests that it may play a novel role in epididymal cell adhesion. Consistent with this, in vitro assays showed that SED1 supports epididymal cell adhesion via RGD binding to αV integrin receptors on epididymal epithelial cells. Finally, epididymal cells from SED1-null males showed reduced adhesion in vitro, a phenotype that can be rescued with exogenous SED1. These results suggest that SED1 facilitates epididymal cell adhesion, and that its loss leads to breakdown of the epididymal epithelium and consequent development of spermatic granulomas.
Mössbauer Study of Diffusion in Liquids: Dispersed Fe 2+ in Glycerol and Aqueous-Glycerol Solutions

M\"ossbauer parameters, diffusion constants, and coefficients of viscosity for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$ ions, dissolved from Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$ \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} 4${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O, in nominally dry glycerol, glycerol-5-wt% water, and glycerol-10-wt% water have been measured. The broadening of the M\"ossbauer line is observed to have a complicated temperature dependence, which we explain by assuming two mechanisms of diffusion. At low temperatures we postulate that diffusion is via a jumping process described by an Arrhenius relation, while at high temperatures, diffusion is via a gaslike motion obeying the Einstein-Stokes and Litovitz relations. A quantitative fit to the observed line broadening is excellent. A very rapid falloff in the quadrupole splitting and the logarithm of the recoil-free fraction is observed in the temperature region where diffusive broadening is measurable; this falloff is proportional to the observed broadening, with two distinct proportionality constants for the low- and high-temperature regions. These observations are explained by a phenomenological theory due to Jensen and by postulating that the average electric field gradient at the iron nucleus reduces in proportion with the iron diffusivity.
Non-parametric comparison of relative versus cause-specific survival in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) programme breast cancer patients.

Cancer-related mortality can be measured by two dissimilar methods: NAcause-specific survival (based on mortality attributed to a specific cause), and relative survival (based on mortality relative...
Electrostatic interactions regulate desensitization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

To determine the importance of electrostatic interactions for agonist binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), we examined the affinity of the fluorescent agonist dansyl-C6-choline for the AChR. Increasing ionic strength decreased the binding affinity in a noncompetitive manner and increased the Hill coefficient of binding. Small cations did not compete directly for dansyl-C6-choline binding. The sensitivity to ionic strength was reduced in the presence of proadifen, a noncompetitive antagonist that desensitizes the receptor. Moreover, at low ionic strength, the dansyl-C6-choline affinities were similar in the absence or presence of proadifen, a result consistent with the receptor being desensitized at low ionic strength. Similar ionic strength effects were observed for the binding of the noncompetitive antagonist [(3)H]ethidium when examined in the presence and absence of agonist to desensitize the AChR. Therefore, ionic strength modulates binding affinity through at least two mechanisms: by influencing the conformation of the AChR and by electrostatic effects at the binding sites. The results show that charge-charge interactions regulate the desensitization of the receptor. Analysis of dansyl-C6-choline binding to the desensitized conformation using the Debye-Huckel equation was consistent with the presence of five to nine negative charges within 20 A of the acetylcholine binding sites.
Surgical repair of congenital cardiac lesions in mirror image dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis.

Abstract Three types of clinical dextrocardia are recognized; mirror image dextrocardia with situs inversus, cardiac dextroversion with or without situs inversus, and extrinsic dextrocardia. Cardiac dextroversion is usually associated with complicated intracardiac anomalies that are not amenable to total surgical correction. Cardiac anomalies that accompany mirror image dextrocardia with situs inversus resemble other cardiac anomalies and are amenable to surgical repair. Successful repair of an atrial septal defect, a ventricular septal defect and total correction of a tetralogy of Fallot in three patients with mirror image dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis is reported. These cases are believed to be the first successful operations for each of these combinations of lesions.
Ground state of two holes in a quantum antiferromagnet: Green's function Monte Carlo study

Abstract We investigate numerically the ground state of two holes in the two-dimensional t-J model, by means of the Green function Monte Carlo method. A critical value of J, Jc≈0.3t, is found such that d-wave binding of holes only occurs for J>Jc.
THEORY OF LIQUID SLOSHING IN COMPARTMENTED CYLINDRICAL TANKS DUE TO BENDING EXCITATION

Forces and moments of liquid propellant oscillation in cylindrical tanks caused by structural bending
The Dynamics of Space: An Experimental Study in Proxemic Behavior among Latin Americans and North Americans

Thirty-two Ss were matched with persons of their own cultural group (Latin American or North American) and were asked to attempt to solve a problem concerning the Middle East crisis within five minutes. Their proxemic behavior was noted and photographed, while they discussed the problem. Although there were no significant mean differences, variance differences were significant and suggest possible explanations for the lack of significant mean differences. There seems to be a relationship between sitting position and distance, and there may well be a relationship between distance and a number of other variables like social context, degree of intimacy among Ss, or ego involvement. The relationship between room size and distance between Ss remains unclear.
The solid state of crosslinked macromolecules: basic concepts

Theorie de la mecanique statistique pour l'etat solide de polymeres reticules statistiquement
Results from the KLA-Tencor TeraScanXR reticle inspection tool

The new TeraScanXR reticle inspection system extends the capability of the previous TeraScanHR platform to advanced 32nm logic and 40nm Half Pitch (HP) memory technology nodes. The TeraScanXR has been designed to provide a significant improvement in image quality, defect sensitivity and throughput relative to the HR platform. Defect sensitivity is increased via a combination of improved Die-to-Die (D:D) and Die-to-Database (D:DB) algorithms, as well as enhancements to the image auto-focus (IAF). Modifications to system optics and the introduction of a more powerful image processing computer have enabled a ~2X faster inspection mode. In this paper, we describe the key features of the TeraScanXR platform and present preliminary data that illustrate the capability of this tool. TeraScanHR tools currently at customer sites are field-upgradeable to the TeraScanXR configuration.
Spin dependence of effective critical exponent of specific heat for the high-spin two-dimensional system

Abstract An expression of the effective specific-heat critical exponent with an apparent spin dependence for the general isotropic two-dimensional system is given by the conformal theory. This expression may be described as a critical behavior for the high-spin two-dimensional system away from the critical point.
Ethical Challenges Posed by the Solicitation of Deceased and Living Organ Donors

Given the shortage of transplantable organs, some potential recipients are going to great lengths to find organ donors on their own. This article reviews the medical, ethical, and public policy issues involved in solicitation, and it suggests possible solutions.