cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA is bound within the central hole to one or two of the six subunits of the T7 DNA helicase

Electron microscopic image analysis and protein–DNA crosslinking show that DNA binds asymmetrically to the hexameric bacteriophage T7 gp4b helicase, and binds to only one or two subunits
The psychotherapist and the headache patient

When treating the headache patient, the therapist's role ranges from the conventional search for underlying causes to suggesting various alternative methods, such as biofeedback or hypnosis, to merely offering supportive therapy. This paper, which includes case histories, distinguishes between the types of headaches patients may present with and suggests appropriate treatment for each condition.
Elucidating Biogeochemical Reduction of Chromate via Carbon Amendments and Soil Sterilization

Sterilized and non-sterilized soil columns were amended with three different carbon sources to elucidate the potential for geochemical and biological Cr6+ reduction. Cr6+ was reduced to Cr3+ in the non-sterilized lactate, ethanol, and acetate-amended soils; however, soils amended with lactate reduced significantly more chromium. Soils sterilized by γ-irradiation reduced almost no Cr6+, indicating that Cr6+ reduction was at least indirectly biological in nature. Analyses of small subunit (ssu) rRNA genes amplified from the column sediments showed significantly different bacterial populations within the amended soils that may be due to carbon source or to aerobic micropockets within the sediment columns.
Reactive solute-transport simulation of pre-mining metal concentrations in mine-impacted catchments: Redwell Basin, Colorado, USA

article i nfo Article history: Accepted 25 May 2009 With the increased importance of water resources in the western United States and many areas worldwide, the remediation of impacts from historical mining becomes ever more important. A possible process of making decisions about remediation for a catchment might include identification of principal sources of metals in the catchment, classification of the sources as natural or anthropogenic, and simulations to evaluate different options for removal of anthropogenic sources. The application of this process is based on understanding the pre-mining conditions in the catchment, so that remediation goals appropriately correct for the impacts of mining. A field experiment in Redwell Basin, Colorado, provided a setting to demonstrate this process and to evaluate pre-mining concentrations through reactive solute-transport modeling. The field experiment provided spatially detailed stream and inflow samples that were the basis for model calibration. Only two inflows along the study reach were affected by mining or mine exploration. To simulate pre-mining conditions, these inflows were removed from the model calibration; the result was a simulation of the stream with all the non-mining inputs. At a point downstream from the two mining inflows, the simulated pre- mining pH would have been 5.1, up from the measured 3.8. At the higher pH, the streambed likely would have been coated with Al precipitate. Simulated pre-mining Zn and Cu would have been 1300 µg/L and 18 µg/ L, lower than the measured concentrations of 3340 and 93 µg/L. Despite these changes, the pre-mining conditions would not have met aquatic-life standards. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Beyond different levels: embodiment and the developmental system.

The value of studying a phenomenon at multiple levels of analysis is often emphasized in psychology, but a lack of clarity about the nature of levels and the relations among them remains an impediment to progress. The suggestion here is that an approach combining the tenets of embodiment with the construct of the developmental system provides a way forward. Embodiment opposes the splitting off and elevation of a level of mechanisms that has characterized much of cognitive science. In contrast, a constructivist embodied approach places a level of mechanisms in the context of a formal or systems level of analysis, with developmental process framing the interpenetrating relations between levels. Such an approach stems from a relational worldview that opposes conceptual splits and posits that levels of structure and process comprise an indissociable complementarity. The combination of embodiment and developmental systems within a relational worldview is discussed and elaborated through outlining the integrative approach of relational developmental systems, which has been proposed by its proponents as a scientific paradigm within which formulations of the interrelations among brain, body, and mind can be advanced.
Modeling the effects of obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension in Vietnam veterans with PTSD

The present work aimed to extend models suggesting that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with worse cognitive performance in community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that in addition to indices of OSA severity, hypertension is associated with worse cognitive performance in such adults. The PTSD Apnea Clinical Study recruited 120 community-dwelling, male veterans diagnosed with PTSD, ages 55 and older. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT) were measures of auditory verbal memory and executive function, respectively. Apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), minimum and mean pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (min SpO2, mean SpO2) indicators were determined during standard overnight polysomnography. Multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. In regression models, AHI (β = −4.099; p < 0.01) and hypertension (β = −4.500; p < 0.05) predicted RAVLT; hypertension alone (β = 9.146; p < 0.01) predicted CWIT. ROC analyses selected min SpO2 cut-points of 85% for RAVLT (κ = 0.27; χ² = 8.23, p < 0.01) and 80% for CWIT (κ = 0.25; χ² = 12.65, p < 0.01). Min SpO2 cut-points and hypertension were significant when added simultaneously in a regression model for RAVLT (min SpO2, β = 4.452; p < 0.05; hypertension, β = −4.332; p < 0.05), and in separate models for CWIT (min SpO2, β = −8.286; p < 0.05; hypertension, β = −8.993; p < 0.01). OSA severity and presence of self-reported hypertension are associated with poor auditory verbal memory and executive function in older adults.
Technical Notes: Evaluation of the Aquatector®: An Oxygenation System for Intensive Fish Culture

Abstract Aeration with pure oxygen is a highly valuable aquacultural management technique, but it is cost effective only if the efficiency of oxygen uptake by the rearing water is high. The Aquatector is capable of supersaturating water with oxygen under pressure. Using a nonstandard procedure, I tested its oxygenation efficiency under various conditions. Oxygen uptake efficiency increased with higher water flow and with increased internal pressure; higher flow was the more effective. A potentially high nitrogen gas stripping capacity was observed.
Protein Nitrotryptophan: Formation, Significance and Identification

Reactive nitrogen species are formed during a variety of disease states and have been shown to modify several amino acids on proteins. To date, the majority of research in this area has focused on the nitration of tyrosine residues to form 3-nitrotyrosine. However, emerging evidence suggests that another modification, nitration of tryptophan residues, to form nitrotryptophan (NO(2)-Trp), may also play a significant role in the biology of nitrosative stress. This review takes an in-depth look at NO(2)-Trp, presenting the current research about its formation, prevalence and biological significance, as well as the methods used to identify NO(2)-Trp-modified proteins. Although more research is needed to understand the full biological role of NO(2)-Trp, the data presented herein suggest a contribution to nitrosative stress-induced cell dysregulation and perhaps even in physiological cell processes.
La estimación de un intervalo temporal (durée) en un grupo de niños de ambiente rural y urbano

Se han comparado los resultados obtenidos de la valoracion temporal (duree) de dos intervalos transcurridos sin actividad uno y con una actividad determinada el otro (proyeccion de diapositivas). Los sujetos han sido dos grupos de 25 ninos que cursan 4P nivel de E.G.B. pertenecientes a dos medios diferentes: rural y urbano. Los resultados no difieren significativamente ni entre intervalos, ni entre ambos grupos de sujetos. Sin embargo presentan una diferencia significativa entre los resultados vinculados al sexo, indicando una tendencia del sexo femenino a sobrevalorar la duracion del intervalo real, cuando este transcurre con una actividad (temps plein): la proyeccion de diapositivas.
The AppScale Cloud Platform: Enabling Portable, Scalable Web Application Deployment

AppScale is an open source distributed software system that implements a cloud platform as a service (PaaS). AppScale makes cloud applications easy to deploy and scale over disparate cloud fabrics, implementing a set of APIs and architecture that also makes apps portable across the services they employ. AppScale is API-compatible with Google App Engine (GAE) and thus executes GAE applications on-premise or over other cloud infrastructures, without modification.
Cohabitation, Marriage and Divorce among Adolescents and Young Adults

This study examines a variety of important aspects of marriage, cohabitation, and divorce among young adults. Using longitudinal data obtained in high school, men and women in their early twenties were compared on the basis of whether they have or have not cohabited, in general, and, for those who married, whether they had cohabited prior to marriage. Prior to cohabiting, future cohabitors reported significantly more frequent drug use, poorer relationships with family and friends, and more nontraditional personality traits than noncohabitors. Using concurrent data obtained from the young adults, these same groups were compared on a variety of variables related to autonomy needs, dependency conflicts, friendship network, and quality of life. Cohabitors tended to have more dependency conflicts, somewhat more autonomy needs, more sexually active friendship network, and lower life satisfaction in many areas, compared with noncohabitors. It was also found that premarital cohabitors had significantly higher div...
The dose reduction factor produced by topically applied dimethyl sulfoxide

Die fruheren positiven Strahlenschutzmittel-Versuche mit ausserlich angewandtem Dimethyl-sulfoxid wurden mit verschieden grossen Strahlendosen erweitert, um den Strahlendosisreduktionsfaktor genauer zu ermitteln. Es zeigte sich, dass dieser Faktor einer Grosse von 1.35 entspricht.
Can a fourth lepton family exist without its quark counterpart

Solely within the minimal standard model, we show that it is possible to have a fourth lepton familywithout its quark counterpart provided the Higgs sector is strongly coupled and can accommodate Skyrmion solutions. The triangle and Witten anomalies of the fourth lepton family are cancelled by those of the “weak” Skyrmions if the latter are quantized as fermions. Thus a fourth quark family is not needed to cancel the anomalies of the new leptons. If indeed such a family is discovered in the near future bye+e− machines and if no Higgs boson nor new quarks of masses less than 1TeV are found, this intriguing scenario can be a very viable one. Arguments are presented to show that if such a scheme is realized, it also implies that the Higgs fields are composite.
An inventory control model for supplying biomass to a processing facility

An inventory control model was developed to determine the least cost approach for supplying biomass to a processing plant. Model applications were made for the plantation, harvest, and manufacturing components of woody biomass to ethanol supply systems to assess efficiency and financial performance.
Assisting older victims of disasters: roles and responsibilities for social workers.

Abstract The tumultuous catastrophic tragedies of the Oklahoma bombing in 1995 and September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon have caused urgency for the profession of social work to be ready to respond to unexpected crises whether directed to an individual, group, or nation. While there has always been the possibility of tragedies in the U.S. caused by nature (so-called ‘acts of God’) or the spontaneous or planned acts of criminals or the deranged, the increased awareness of catastrophes includes, as never before, disasters that are perpetrated by terrorist acts from within or outside of the U.S. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security, in 2003, underscores the need for awareness and for preparation on the part of the nation. Based upon its skills and values, social workers have significant roles to play in the face of potential and actual disasters; yet, gerontological social workers have additional responsibilities for addressing the needs of older persons. It is the ...
Statistical buffeting response of flexible bridges influenced by errors in aeroelastic loading estimation

Abstract This study discusses the development of an algorithm for predicting the “statistical” buffeting response of a long-span bridge using Monte Carlo (MC) and Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The proposed methodology, based on the standard multi-mode approach for bridge buffeting, was used to compute the power spectral density of the buffeting modal forces and to derive the dynamic bridge response in the case that measurement errors in the aeroelastic loading were anticipated. Closed-form solution, derived through standard numerical integration, was used to validate the MC and QMC algorithms. Preliminary simulations were used for validation of the algorithms and the optimal selection of the number of integration points. In the second part of the study, fragility curves and surfaces of the dynamic response were numerically derived by accounting for experimental errors in the estimation of the aeroelastic loading. A collection of these curves describes the conditional exceedance probability of representative indicators, associated with a specific feature of the dynamic response, at a given mean wind velocity and direction. A set of thresholds, derived from such indicators, was proposed to characterize the structural performance.
The recovery, penetrance, and pleiotropy of X-linked, cold sensitive mutants in Drosophila.

The viability at 16°, 22°, and 30°C, loci, visible phenotypes if any, possible effective lethal phase, and female fertility of seven X-linked, recessive cold sensitive mutations are reported. Five of the seven are female sterile at the restrictive temperature of 16°C; two of these five are also female sterile at the permissive temperature of 25°C. For two of the five mutations which are female sterile, escapers at the restrictive temperature exhibit visible phenotypes characteristic of mutants which affect protein synthesis. The possibility that some of the mutants affect ribosomes is considered. One of the mutants, l(1)TW-6cs, is probably a cold sensitive meiotic mutant as well as a cold sensitive zygotic lethal. One of the mutants is a non-conditional visible allele of lozenge.
A conceptual model for supporting the integration of inter-organizational information processes of AEC projects

One of the major bottlenecks of collaborating information systems is the integration of inter-organizational information processes, which depends on shared Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Currently, most APIs are developed based on the predefined sequential steps of handling construction business documents such as RFIs and change orders, which prohibits the expansion of collaboration spaces to other expanded forms of e-business, such as handling sub-grouping, unstructured message and context information. Aiming at responding to the needs for increased levels of process mediated collaboration; this paper argues that collaboration between project stakeholders is a continuous process of communication and information exchange between collaborating partners throughout the lifecycle of a construction project, therefore, parts of an intra-organizational information process may need to be more visible to collaborating partners. Through a case study, this paper proposes a conceptual model, which integrates four major concepts, i.e., collaborating process segment information, sub-grouping information, organizational information and business document information, in order to complement to and augment the existing strategy that focuses mainly on the exchange of construction business documents.
The effects of motion on trunk biomechanics

Abstract Objective . To review the literature that evaluates the influence of trunk motion on trunk strength and structural loading. Background . In recent years, trunk dynamics have been identified as potential risk factors for developing low-back disorders. Consequently, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in trunk motion is needed. Methods . This review summarizes the results of 53 studies that have evaluated trunk motion and its impact on several biomechanical outcome measures. The biomechanical measures consisted of trunk strength, intra-abdominal pressure, muscle activity, imposed trunk moments, and spinal loads. Each of these biomechanical measures was discussed in relation to the existing knowledge within each plane of motion (extension, flexion, lateral flexion, twisting, and asymmetric extension). Results . Trunk strength was drastically reduced as dynamic motion increased, and males were impacted more than females. Intra-abdominal pressure seemed to only be affected by trunk dynamics at high levels of force. Trunk moments were found to increase monotonically with increased trunk motion. Both agonistic and antagonistic muscle activities were greater as dynamic characteristics increased. As a result, the three-dimensional spinal loads increase significantly for dynamic exertions as compared to isometric conditions. Conclusions . Trunk motion has a dramatic affect on the muscle coactivity, which seems to be the underlying source for the decrease strength capability as well as the increased muscle force, IAP, and spinal loads. This review suggests that the ability of the individual to perform a task “safely” might be significantly compromised by the muscle coactivity that accompanies dynamic exertions. It is also important to consider various workplace and individual factors when attempting to reduce the impact of trunk motions during dynamic exertions. Relevance This review provides insight as to why trunk motions are important risk factors to consider when attempting to control low-back disorders in the workplace. It is apparent that trunk motion increases the risk of low-back disorders. To better control low-back disorders in industry, more comprehensive knowledge about the impact of trunk motion is needed. A better understanding of muscle coactivity may ultimately lead to reducing the risk associated with dynamic exertions.
Structures of Cdc42 bound to the active and catalytically compromised forms of Cdc42GAP

The Rho-related small GTP-binding protein Cdc42 has a low intrinsic GTPase activity that is significantly enhanced by its specific GTPase-activating protein, Cdc42GAP. In this report, we present the tertiary structure for the aluminum fluoride-promoted complex between Cdc42 and a catalytically active domain of Cdc42GAP as well as the complex between Cdc42 and the catalytically compromised Cdc42GAP(R305A) mutant. These structures, which mimic the transition state for the GTP hydrolytic reaction, show the presence of an AIF3 molecule, as was seen for the corresponding Ras-p120RasGAP complex, but in contrast to what has been reported for the Rho-Cdc42GAP complex or for heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunits, where AIF4- was observed. The Cdc42GAP stabilizes both the switch I and switch II domains of Cdc42 and contributes a highly conserved arginine (Arg 305) to the active site. Comparison of the structures for the wild type and mutant Cdc42GAP complexes provides important insights into the GAP-catalyzed GTP hydrolytic reaction.
Estimating the Mean of an Increasing Stochastic Process at a Censored Stopping Time

Abstract Data often come in the form of a longitudinal series, say N(·), whose observation has been “stopped” either by a terminal event U (e.g., death) or censoring event C (e.g., lost to follow-up). When N(·) is not deterministic, it is generally not possible to use standard survival analysis tools (e.g., the Kaplan-Meier estimator) to consistently estimate functionals of the distribution of N(U) because of “induced” informative censoring. Various seemingly unrelated estimators recently have been proposed to handle this difficulty within the context of specific problems, ranging from the analysis of quality-adjusted survival data to recurrent event data to lifetime medical cost data. In this article I consider a general framework containing each of these specific examples as a special case, propose a class of estimators for the mean of the stopped longitudinal process, and establish the asymptotic properties of this class of estimators. Connections between the aforementioned estimators are established, ...
A computer controlled precision film scanner

A flying-spot film scanner was developed, capable of a short sweep in any direction from any of the 1024 × 1024 precise positions on the face of a 5-inch c.r.t. The spot is imaged on a film with 1 : 1 optics. Fine black lines on the film can be located with an accuracy of about 3 ?m. The width and degree of blackness of these are also recorded and these data are transferred to a computer on its demand. The computer processes the data and provides fresh instructions for the scanner so that the following sweep vector can be optimally specified.
An isostatic model for the Tharsis ProvinceMars

A crust-upper mantle configuration is proposed for the Tharsis province of Mars which is isostatic and satisfies the observed gravity data. The model is that of a low density upper mantle compensating loads at both the surface and crust-mantle boundary. Solutions are found for lithospheric thickness greater than about 300 km, for which the stress differences are less than 750 bars. This model for Tharsis is similar to the compensation mechanism under the Basin and Range province of the western United States. These provinces also compare favorably in the sense that they are both elevated regions of extensional tectonics and extensive volcanism.
Immune response to the slp alloantigen in the mouse. H-2-linked qualitative and quantitative control.

Immunization of inbred mouse strains lacking the Slp allotype results in the production of Slp antibodies in some strains but elicits no detectable response in other strains. Analysis of standard inbred and congenic resistant strains reveals that both the qualitative and quantitative ability to respond to the Slp allotype is associated with theH-2 haplotype of the recipient. Three different response phenotypes can be identified utilizing complement fixation and quantitative immunodiffusion tests. Strains which carry theH-2q haplotype are high responders,H-2k strains are intermediate in response, whileH-2b andH-2v strains produce no detectable antibody. The characteristic response patterns of high and intermediate responders were manifest by day 35 of immunization and continued as discrete response types after a second booster. Quantitative data in the immune response of the intra-H-2 recombinant B10.A(4R) suggest that the recombination event which established theH-2h4 chromosome disturbs the proper function of the genetic determinant controlling response to Slp.
Simplification of Erceg's fuzzy metric function and its application

Abstract In this paper we greatly simplify the definition of Erceg's p.q. (p.) metric on a fuzzy lattice L. On the basis of this, a new pointwise p.q. (p.) metric is introduced, being defined on the set of all non-zero join irreducible elements of a fuzzy lattice L. Meanwhile, we prove that it can be directly extended to Erceg's p.q. (p.) metric defined on the fuzzy lattice L. These results are exactly what Erceg wanted to obtain. Furthermore, we investigate the application of the pointwise metric to fuzzy p. metric spaces.
Morning and evening people: Examination of an identifying scale and of social- and self-perceptions of personality differences

Abstract An experiment was conducted aimed first at establishing the reliability and validity of a measure of individual differences in sleeping schedules. Two samples of subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their sleeping behavior which was scored according to the diurnal or nocturnal pattern of their responses. The scores were then used to classify subjects as morning people or evening people. Both the internal reliability and cross-time reliability of the scale were assessed and found to be high. In addition, three indices of construct validity, obtained 4 months after the administration of the scale, supported its validity. In a second part of the experiment, subjects classified as either morning or evening people rated themselves on a set of behavioral and personality dimensions. Another sample of subjects indicated their perceptions of morning people and evening people in general, along the same dimensions. It was found that subjects did have strong beliefs about personality and behavioral differences between morning people and evening people. However, the self-perceptions of the actual morning and evening people did not differ, thereby casting doubt on the validity of popular stereotypic perceptions about the two groups.
Open reconstruction of recurrent vesicourethral anastomotic stricture after radical prostatectomy

Objectives To determine the outcomes of open vesicourethral anastomotic reconstruction (VUAR) for outlet stenosis following radical prostatectomy (RP).
Cardiac Assessment for Renal Transplantation Should Be Evidence Based

In her recent review on ‘Cardiac Assessment for RenalTransplantation’, Dr. Pilmore acknowledges the lack of clin-ical trial evidence for evaluating renal transplant candidates(1), and proposes an algorithm for preoperative testingthat could result in tests and procedures with harmful sideeffects.The bedrock approach to preoperative risk assessment isevaluation of the patient’s risk proﬁle, categorization of thesurgery’s risk and a testing/treatment strategy geared toprotecting the patient. Table 1 in the article lists putativepatient factors that would make a patient high risk (includ-ing diabetes, men
Mobilization of Naturally Occurring Perchlorate Related to Land-Use Change in the Southern High Plains, Texas

Perchlorate (ClO4−) reservoirs that accumulated in semiarid unsaturated zones, similar to chloride (Cl−), can contaminate underlying aquifers if they are mobilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ClO4− mobilization related to land-use change from natural to agricultural ecosystems in the southern High Plains (SHP, USA), where large ClO4− concentrations (≤60 μg/L) are found in the underlying Ogallala aquifer. Boreholes were drilled and sampled beneath natural ecosystems (3 boreholes) and beneath nonirrigated (rainfed, 7 boreholes) agricultural ecosystems. Large ClO4− reservoirs (361−934 g ClO4−/ha; peaks 47−111 μg ClO4−/L pore water), that accumulated for up to ∼30,000 yr under natural ecosystems, are being displaced to depths of 2.2 to >9.2 m in sampled boreholes under rainfed agriculture by increased drainage/recharge. High correlations between ClO4− and Cl− under natural areas (r = 0.81) and rainfed agricultural areas (r = 0.88) indicate that accumulation and mobilization of ClO4− can be pred...
How Global Are Olfactory Bulb Oscillations

Previous studies in waking animals have shown that the frequency structure of olfactory bulb (OB) local field potential oscillations is very similar across the OB, but large low-impedance surface electrodes may have favored highly coherent events, averaging out local inhomogeneities. We tested the hypothesis that OB oscillations represent spatially homogeneous phenomena at all scales. We used pairs of concentric electrodes (200 μm outer shaft surrounding an inner 2-3 μm recording site) beginning on the dorsal OB at anterior and medial locations in urethane-anesthetized rats and measured local field potential responses at successive 200 μm depths before and during odor stimulation. Within locations (outer vs. inner lead on a single probe), on the time scale of 0.5 s, coherence in all frequency bands was significant, but on larger time scales (10 s), only respiratory (1-4 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations showed prominent peaks. Across locations, coherence in all frequency bands was significantly lower for both sizes of electrodes at all depths but the most superficial 600 μm. Near the pial surface, coherence across outer (larger) electrodes at different sites was equal to coherence across outer and inner (small) electrodes within a single site and larger than coherence across inner electrodes at different sites. Overall, the beta band showed the largest coherence across bulbar sites and electrodes. Therefore larger electrodes at the surface of the OB favor globally coherent events, and at all depths, coherence depends on the type of oscillation (beta or gamma) and duration of the analysis window.
Swelling and Solvation of Rubber in Different Solvents

Abstract The large variation of the fractional increase in viscosity of rubber sols and its lack of relation to the viscosity of the solvent indicates that the increase in viscosity is not due to rigid filiform molecules. The ability to interchange solvents and obtain a viscosity characteristic of the solvent shows the existence of a reversible equilibrium between solvent and rubber. The close relation between the maximum swelling and the fractional increase in viscosity of rubber in different solvents suggests that rubber sols contain swollen micelles of rubber. The extent of swelling and the viscosity depend on the equilibrium between solvent and rubber which, in turn, depends on the state of oxidation (or other suitable chemical attack) of the rubber. A rubber sol becomes a gel at the concentration which immobilizes essentially all the solvent. The relative viscosity of rubber sols of equal concentration in the same solvent is probably some function of the degree of solvation of the dispersed particles...
Navier-Stokes Computations for Pointed, Spherical, and Flat Tipped Shell at Mach 3

A computational fluid dynamics study is described and results are shown for a tangent ogive-cylinder model with pointed, spherical, and flat nosetips at Mach number 2.95. The flow conditions simulate wind-tunnel tests conducted at the Princeton University Gas Dynamics Laboratory. The primary objective is to compare the computational and experimental results and assess the accuracy of the computational approach. Two thin-layer Navier-Stokes computational techniques are used in conjunction to compute the flowfields of interest. The first method computes the flow in the vicinity of the blunt nosetip and provides inflow conditions for the second method, which computes the flow over the remainder of the body, excluding the base region. Most of the comparisons of the nosetip flow structure, surface pressure distribution, and turbulent boundary-layer velocity profiles are within the measurement accuracy. a d p s u,v,w a.
Calcium-Binding Proteins in Serum: Quantitative Differences between Thick and Thin Shell Lines of Chickens

Abstract Calcium binding by two proteins, vitellogenin and albumin, was measured in serum of a line of hens producing thick (THK) and a line of hens producing thin shells (THN) as well as a line of commercial hens using gel filtration in 45calcium buffer. Vitellogenin was quantitated in serum of THK and THN using a radial immunodiffusion test. Levels of serum calcium were measured and related to the above mentioned parameters. The binding of vitellogenin was significantly greater in 13 THK than 13 THN (672 vs. 508 cpm/ml × 10−3), but binding by albumin was not significantly different between the two lines (386 vs. 344 cpm/ml × 10−3). Binding in 11 commercial hens was similar to that for THN. The THK had significantly greater levels of diffusible, non-diffusible, and total serum calcium than THN. Significant positive correlations between total serum calcium and vitellogenin binding were found in THK (.77) and THN (.81) as well as in the commercial hens (.64). Like vitellogenin binding, levels of vitellogenin were significantly greater in THK than THN (4.0 vs. 1.8 mg/ml). These results suggest that in addition to having more diffusible and non-diffusible serum calcium, THK have more calcium binding and more vitellogenin to perform the binding function than THN.
On the structure of Cardiocarpus tritolopus, a cordaite seed from the lower—middle pennsylvanian of Kentucky

Abstract A new species of Cardiocarpus Brongniart is described from the Lower—Middle Pennsylvania of Kentucky. The integument is divided into four distinct layers: a sarcotesta, sclerotesta, a layer between the sclerotesta and endotesta, and the endotesta. The most characteristic layer is the endotesta which consists of large thin-walled cells. The vascular system consists of a single strand that enters the base of the seed and extends distally to form a massive chalazal platform. From this basal strand, two lateral traces arise that extend distally through the integument (sarcotesta) in the primary plane of the seed. Stages in the development of the megagametophyte are discussed together with a characterization of post-pollination ovule enlargement.
Evaluation of short-term Ogawa passive, photolytic, and federal reference method sampling devices for nitrogen oxides in El Paso and Houston, Texas

Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) have been successfully used by government and academic agencies to monitor common ambient air pollutants such as ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Most PSD studies have involved long-term (e.g. bi-weekly or monthly) sampling. But the Passive Ozone Network of Dallas (POND) studies of 1998 and 1999 showed that high quality 24-hour and 12-hour data using the Ogawa PSD could be collected for ambient ozone concentrations. This paper presents an evaluation of short-term passive sampling results for nitrogen oxides (NOx) in El Paso and Houston, Texas, using the Ogawa PSD. The Ogawa NOx PSDs were compared to both Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors and a photolytic converter, with the photolytic converter designed to report closer concentrations to “true” NOx by more effectively limiting the interferences of other nitrogen species. Overall, good agreement was noted for all three monitor types in both cities, supporting the potential use of lower cost Ogawa PSDs for large multi-site episodic NOx/NO2/NO saturation screening studies. This evaluation was conducted during two separate six week periods of the cooler winter months so additional testing of the Ogawa PSDs during different seasons is recommended.
The Development of Indicator-Dilution Techniques

After 87 years, Stewart's fundamental conceptual contribution, the indicator-dilution method for measuring blood flow, is still the basis for a variety of common, practical, and minimally invasive clinical techniques. Given the spectrum of available indicators and their corresponding sensing techniques, we review the relevant transport theory and required assumptions. Various previous developments in the theory of flow and volume measurement are brought together in a formal restatement, based on the general case of dilution of volume indicators, rather than just the special case of mass indicators. The importance of each of the required assumptions is evaluated. Examples discussed include the use of conductivity modifiers and thermal indicators, with and without pulsatile flow. The formalism developed is intended to be helpful in assessing the opportunities and limitations associated with any proposed new indicator-dilution application.
Characterization of cultivar differences in alcohol acyltransferase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene expression and volatile ester emission during apple fruit maturation and ripening

Abstract Alcohol acyltransferase (AAT) catalyzes the last step of volatile ester biosynthesis, and ethylene purportedly regulates AAT gene expression. In this study, expression patterns of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) AAT genes and ethylene biosynthesis genes of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) were investigated in cultivars with relatively high (‘Golden Delicious’) or low (‘Granny Smith’) volatile ester production. All four AAT genes expressed stronger in ‘Golden Delicious’ than in ‘Granny Smith’. MdAAT1 and MdAAT2 are the predominant genes expressed in fruit tissues. The expression levels of MdAAT1 and MdAAT2 were increasing as ripening progressed and were consistent with the total amount of esters detected between two cultivars. The transcript levels of MdAAT3 and MdAAT4 decreased at or after the onset of ripening. The expression of MdACS1 was significantly increased at the onset of ripening in both cultivars, while the expression of MdACS3 was detected throughout the harvest period in ‘Golden Delicious’. Postharvest methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) exposure had little impact on expression of MdAAT1 and MdACS3 genes, but substantially suppressed the transcript level for MdACS1 in both cultivars, and MdAAT2 in ‘Golden Delicious’. The results indicated that (1) differential expression of AAT genes may contribute to phenotypic variation of volatile ester biosynthesis, and (2) the expression of MdACS3 may play a role on induction of AAT genes expression in early fruit development, because it was expressed prior to ACS1. (3) The climacteric expression of MdACS1 greatly enhanced the expression levels of MdAAT1 and MdAAT2 genes and the emission of aromatic volatile esters. (4) Postharvest 1-MCP treatment showed selected inhibition on gene expression of specific AAT and ACS family members.
The sedimentary flux of nutrients at a Delaware salt marsh site: A geochemical perspective

A basic geochemical approach has been used to study the diagenetic cycling and sediment-water exchange rates of essential nutrients at a site in a Delaware salt marsh. The pore water nutrients Si (OH)4, NH4+, PO4−3, and NO3− were analyzed and compared seasonally, and potential diffusive fluxes were calculated from the corresponding pore water concentration gradients. Concurrent direct flux measurements were also made using closed chambers deployed on the salt marsh surface under ambient and controlled conditions. The differences in these two approaches allows for estimation of nutrient production and consumption in the root zone and at the salt marsh surface. Silicate and phosphate appear to be primarily geochemically controlled, while the nitrogen species undergo dynamic seasonal redox fluctuations resulting from microbial mediation (e.g., nitrification and denitrification).
Pressure transient analysis in poorly consolidated reservoirs

This study uses a numerical solution technique to investigate the effect on well test data of sand accumulation in the wellbore from poorly consolidated reservoirs. The results show that in anisotropic reservoirs, this sand column creates a pressure drop in the wellbore similar to that caused by infinitesimally thin skin around the wellbore. In this case, however, the slope of the semilog straight line for a buildup test is increased, indicating that the conventional analysis method would not yield accurate results. Log-log type curves and semilog plots of dimensionless pressure vs. dimensionless time are presented in this paper for different cases. These graphs can be used to detect the presence of sand in the wellbore and to analyze the transient pressure data instead of the Horner and Miller-Dyes-Hutchinson (MDH) methods. Graphs for various cases are provided for use in determining the pseudoskin factors caused by the presence of a sand column in the wellbore.
Central error-correcting behavior in schizophrenia and depression

A previous study suggested that schizophrenic subjects exhibit an impaired ability to correct their own errors of movement without using exteroceptive signals. However, the performance of schizophrenic subjects was compared to that of only one other psychiatric group (alcoholic subjects), and a relatively small number of subjects was studied. To investigate the specificity of the postulated impairment, 9 schizophrenic, 11 depressed, and 8 normal subjects performed a tracking task designed to prevent the use of exteroceptive cues in correcting errors of movement. The depressed and normal groups did not differ significantly on any performance measure, but the schizophrenic subjects again demonstrated a gross impairment in correcting errors, yet no impairment in initiating correct responses. These findings suggest that the impaired ability to monitor ongoing motor behavior on the basis of internal, self-generated cues may be specific to schizophrenia among major psychiatric disorders.
A review of sea ice density

Abstract The density of sea ice is an important property in many applications. However, due to its multi-phase composition of solid ice, solid salts, liquids and gas, the definition and measurement of density is not straightforward. The reported values vary over a wide range from 0.72 Mg m−3 to 0.94 Mg m−3, with an average of approximately 0.91 Mg m−3. The reasons for the spread are partly real, and partly a function of the test technique used for determining the density. Accurate measurements which represent the in situ density of first-year sea ice range from 0.84 to 0.91 Mg m−3 for the ice above the waterline, and 0.90 to 0.94 Mg m−3 for the ice below the waterline.
Copolymers of aniline and 3-aminophenol derivatives with oligo(oxyethylene) side chains as novel water-soluble conducting polymers

A novel water-soluble copolymer of aniline and aminophenol (AP) grafted with oligo(oxyethylene) (PEO) side chains (AP-g-PEO) was synthesized. The AP-g-PEO macromononer was prepared starting from an N-protected 3-aminophenol (protection group: tert-butoxycarbonyl) followed by the substitution of tosylated oligo(oxyethylene) on the hydroxide moiety of the AP and deprotection. Finally, AP-g-PEO was copolymerized with aniline at various feed mole ratios (AP-g-PEO/aniline). The copolymers and various intermediates were characterized by FTIR, MS, NMR, GPC, UV−vis, and chemical elemental analysis. The increase of the aniline content and the decrease of the PEO side chain length generated lower oligo(oxyethylene) grafted concentrations and solubilities in water but longer conjugation lengths and higher conductivities. Four AP-g-PEOs were prepared from four oligo(oxyethylene) methyl ethers with Mn = 164, 350, 750, and 2000. The poly((AP-g-PEO-750)-co-aniline) at a feed mole ratio of 3/1 was water-soluble and poss...
State-Sanctioned Sex: Negotiating Formal and Informal Regulatory Practices in Nevada Brothels

Nevada is the only state in the United States that sanctions legalized prostitution. With thirty-six existing brothel licenses, Nevada offers an important site for the sociological analysis of publ...
A prospective management approach to the delivery of public mental health services

This paper identifies the principal components of a prospective strategy for management of public mental health systems: single stream funding and prepayment, prevention and promotion programs for the at-risk population, decision support systems to identify at risk populations and interventions such as managed care of high-risk clients and the most severe and persistently mentally ill. Pertinent literature and major studies are briefly reviewed.
Acquisition of context-specific adaptation is enhanced with rest intervals between changes in context state, suggesting a new form of motor consolidation

We previously showed that the saccadic system could be adapted in a context-specific manner: two different adapted gains could be associated with two different context cues, with the gain state switched when the context state was switched. This was accomplished by alternating context/adaptation states several times over the course of an adaptation session, and assessing saccade gain in each context state before and after adaptation. One context cue we studied was vertical eye position; an adaptive gain increase was induced with the eyes up 10°, and an adaptive gain decrease with the eyes down 10°. This context cue was only partially effective: there was considerable undesired transfer of adaptation from the eyes-down condition (gain-decrease) to the eyes-up condition (gain-increase), with the result that there was little or no gain-increase adaptation. One explanation for this is that the two context/adaptation states, presented one after the other, interfered with each other. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by interposing one-minute rest intervals between each alternation in context/adaptation state. The resulting context-specific adaptation is greatly improved (relative to the case when there are no rest intervals): both gain-increase and gain-decrease adaptations are stronger and occur more rapidly. This effect resembles that found in studies on the consolidation of motor learning, although such consolidation is believed to occur over much longer time spans (hours rather than minutes).
Newer antiepileptic drugs in the management of agitation/aggression in patients with dementia or developmental disability.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential role of newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the management of agitation/aggression in patients with dementia or developmental disability. DATA SOURCE: A MEDLINE/PUBMED search (1986-May 2007) was conducted to identify pertinent English language studies of six newer AEDs, as well as carbamazepine and valproate, in the management of agitation/aggression. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All studies evaluating any aspect of management of agitation/aggression, emphasizing those associated with dementia or developmental disability. DATA SYNTHESIS: Pharmacotherapy of agitation/aggression in these two patient groups remains an underexplored area. Carbamazepine and valproate have a reasonable, readily available evidence base, and preliminary recommendations regarding their use in these two patient groups. The most published data with newer AEDs involve gabapentin, followed by topiramate. Even so, the literature regarding newer AEDs is modest in volume. CONCLUSION: Based on current data, gabapentin, oxcarbazepine, and topiramate are qualitatively similar in efficacy to carbamazepine/valproate in the management of agitation/aggression. However, studies-to-date in this field have had, in the main, numerous design flaws. In considering use of newer AEDs, the clinician needs to be aware of potential adverse events that are unique to these agents or infrequently seen with older AEDs (e.g., hyponatremia with oxcarbazepine, and acute myopia and angleclosure glaucoma, urinary tract stones, and cognition difficulties with topiramate). In addition, there is an extensive literature documenting that newer AEDs can precipitate new-onset or worsen existing behavioral disorders, including agitation/aggression. Language: en
Measurements of Spatial Asymmetries in the Decay of Polarized Neutrons

A series of experiments has been carried out to examine the spatial symmetry properties of the beta decay of the free neutron. Measurements of angular distributions of the electrons and protons coming from the decay of polarized neutrons have shown that the correlation coefficient between the directions of electron momentum and neutron spin is -0.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 and that between the antineutrino momentum and the neutron spin is 0.88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.15. The coefficient of the term proportional to the scalar triple product of antineutrino momentum, electron momentum, and neutron spin (which is not invariant under time reversal) is 0.04\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05. All these results are consistent with the $A\ensuremath{-}V$ theory of beta decay. Details of measurement techniques and the method of producing a beam of polarized neutrons are given.