cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Study of Dasatinib in Patients with Chemosensitive Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30602)

Introduction SRC is an oncogene with an essential role in the invasiveness and metastasis of solid tumors including small cell lung cancer. Dasatinib is a potent inhibitor of SRC as well as other tyrosine kinases. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of second-line dasatinib in patients with chemosensitive (relapse or progression ≥90 days after completing first-line therapy) small cell lung cancer. Methods Patients with measurable disease; performance status 0 to 1; no more than one prior platinum-based chemotherapy regimen; and adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function were eligible. Dasatinib was administered orally at 70 mg twice daily continuously (1 cycle=21 days) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Response was determined after every two cycles. Patients were followed until disease progression or death. The study was prospectively designed to simultaneously discriminate between complete plus partial response rates of 5% versus 20% and progression-free survival (PFS) rates at 6 weeks of 50% versus 70.7% in 53 evaluable patients with at least 92% power. The study was to be terminated early and declared negative if 1 or less objective response and 14 or fewer instances of PFS ≥6 weeks were observed among the initial 27 patients; however, patient accrual continued while the initial 27 patients were evaluated. Results Between April 2007 and December 2008, 45 patients were enrolled, but one patient never received any protocol therapy and one patient was ineligible: male/female, 17/26; white/black/unknown, 40/2/1; median age, 64 years (range, 35–84 years); and performance status 0/1, 12/31. No objective response was recorded among the 43 eligible and treated patients. Among the initial 27 patients, only 13 instances of PFS ≥6 weeks were observed. With a median follow-up time of 7.1 months, median estimated overall survival and PFS times for the 43 eligible and treated patients were 17.0 and 5.9 weeks, respectively. Common reasons for removal of patients from protocol treatment were progressive disease (65%) and adverse events (26%). Toxicity was generally mild to moderate: grade 3 events of >5% frequency included fatigue and pleural and pericardial effusions; and no grade 4 or 5 events were encountered. Conclusions Dasatinib did not reach our specified efficacy criteria in this clinical setting, and the study was terminated.
Using similarity rating tasks to assess case reuse in problem solving

Case‐reuse strategies involve extracting the conceptual schema from previous cases and adapting them to new problems. Recognizing the deep structure differences and similarities between problems is essential for productive case reuse. We report on a semester‐long study with students participating in weekly focus group learning interviews to facilitate case reuse strategies. At the mid and end points of the study, students were interviewed individually to ascertain the effect of these strategies. During these interviews students were asked to rate the similarities between problem pairs. We report on the results from the similarity ratings as well as present a comparison with expert responses to these questions.
Open versus endovascular repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Background Management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) remains one of the most challenging situations in vascular surgery. The aim of our study was to examine national trends and compare contemporary outcomes of open and endovascular repair (EVAR) for rAAA across a wide spectrum of hospitals in the United States. Methods Data from the 2005 to 2011 National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) Participant User File were used to identify patients with rAAA undergoing open or EVAR for this analysis. The primary outcome measures for our analysis were 30-day postoperative mortality, operative mortality, 30-day overall complication rate, and early return to the operating room. A nonparsimonious multiple logistic regression model was constructed to adjust for patient- and procedure-related confounding factors. As confirmatory analysis to address concerns of selection bias, we also conducted a separate propensity-matched analysis of the study cohort. Results A total of 1,997 patients were identified who underwent repair of ruptured or dissecting AAA and met study inclusion criteria. Of these, 1,383 (69.3%) patients underwent an open procedure and 614 (30.7%) patients underwent EVAR. After adjusting for potential confounders, open repair had 1.7 times higher odds (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.35, P = 0.001) of all-cause 30-day mortality; 2.06 times higher odds (95% CI 1.23–3.46, P = 0.006) of operative mortality, and 1.9 times higher odds (95% CI 1.41–2.55, P Conclusions EVAR is a safe and, in appropriately selected patients, superior approach to open surgery for the management of patients with rAAA. On multivariate analysis, patients who underwent open repair were at significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In clinical settings where adequate resources, personnel, and surgical expertise are present, an endovascular approach should be strongly considered for all patients with acceptable anatomy.
Radiometric Method for Determining the Susceptibility of Yeasts to 5-Fluorocytosine

A rapid method for determining the susceptibility of yeasts to 5-fluorocytosine by using the Bactec radiometric system is described.
Effect of Normal Body Force on Fingering Instability of a Liquid Sheet Driven by Shear Stress or Gravity

A thin liquid sheet driven by either gravity or shear force along a flat plate exhibits a long-wave fingering instability at the liquid front that leads to development of small rivulets of liquid penetrating into the unwetted part of the plate. Rivulet formation causes uneven surface wetting and degrades coating efficiency of the liquid film. The fingering instability occurs because thicker regions of the liquid sheet experience less resistance from the solid surface, and can hence move forward at a faster rate, than thinner regions of the sheet. As this process proceeds, mass conservation acts to make the thin regions of the sheet thinner in order to supply fluid for the thicker regions of the sheet to move forward. The current paper examines the effect on the fingering instability of a body force, such as gravity or centrifugal acceleration, oriented normal to the plate. The presence of a normal body force gives rise to a normal pressure gradient within the liquid sheet. When one region of the sheet becomes thinner than a neighboring region, the normal body force leads to a pressure force acting parallel to the plate that pushes fluid from the thick regions toward the thin regions of the sheet, thus inhibiting the fingering instability. The paper reports both a linear stability analysis of the fingering instability in the presence of a normal body force and a computational study of the effect of normal body force on rivulet development.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The Chicago Regional Power System

This paper is a general description of the interconnected power systems in the region surrounding and including Chicago as a center. The electrical energy generated in this region in 1926 was over 4,000,000,000 kw-hr. and the combined generating capacity of the three largest companies was 1,340,000 kw. The paper outlines important features of major stations and transmission and distribution systems and gives plans for the future developments. It also explains the contract for interchange of energy among the three largest companies.
The role of duplex scanning and arteriography before carotid endarterectomy: A prospective study

Abstract Purpose: This study examines the current role of diagnostic tests done before carotid endarterectomy and the need for routine arteriography. Methods: We prospectively studied vascular surgeons' decision-making over a 29-month period during which 111 carotid arteries in 103 patients were considered for endarterectomy. For each case the surgeon's management plan was recorded after clinical evaluation and review of the duplex scan findings, but before arteriography. This plan was later compared with the patient's ultimate clinical management. Results: Of 111 total cases in this period, 17 were excluded from analysis because arteriography was not done or it was performed before the surgeon's evaluation. Carotid duplex scans were diagnostic in 87 (93%) of the remaining 94 cases. The carotid lesion was incompletely assessed by duplex scanning in seven patients because the disease was not limited to the distal common or proximal internal carotid artery ( n = 4); anatomic or pathologic features of the carotid artery interfered with imaging or accurate Doppler assessment ( n = 1); or an internal carotid artery occlusion could not be distinguished from a high-grade stenosis ( n = 2). When a technically adequate duplex scan showed significant disease of the carotid bifurcation, arteriography contributed information that affected clinical management in only a single case (1%). This patient had a middle cerebral artery occlusion distal to a high-grade carotid bifurcation stenosis. Conclusions: Clinical assessment and duplex scanning were sufficient for the preoperative evaluation of 93% of the candidates for carotid endarterectomy. Clinical circumstances or atypical duplex scan findings can be used to identify the minority of patients for whom arteriography is necessary. On the basis of this experience, we have developed practical guidelines for the selective use of arteriography before carotid endarterectomy. (J VASC SURG 1993;18:673-83.)
Resonant defect states and strong lattice relaxation of oxygen vacancies in WO 3

We find, from first principles calculations, that an oxygen (anion) vacancy in ${\mathrm{WO}}_{3}$ not only generates a donorlike state near the fundamental band gap, derived from the top valence bands, but also gives rise to an additional pair of defect states: a hyper-deep resonant state in the valence band and a high-lying resonant state in the conduction band, derived from $s$-like bonding and antibonding bands, respectively. These states show distinctively different properties from their counterparts in other conventional semiconductors. With a change in the charge state of the vacancy, a strong lattice relaxation is found for the W ions nearest to the vacancy, accompanied by large changes in the energies of all the defect states.
Shaping carpool policies under rapid motorization: the case of Chinese cities

Rapid motorization and fuel cost hike over the past few years have made carpool a new mode of travel in Chinese cities. But transportation policy makers have been rather ambivalent, if not indifferent, about carpool. Unlike cities in highly motorized societies, little is known about carpooling behavior in emerging economies such as China. This paper provides an initial discussion of carpooling in China by exploring a series of questions. What are the current practice and issues of carpool in Chinese cities? How do carpools in China compare with those in the motorized Western cities? Can carpools help Chinese cities mitigate the negative impacts of rapid motorization? Are foreign policies such as High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes transferable to China? Acknowledging the social benefits of voluntary carpooling, this paper argues: (1) bus lanes may be a better choice than HOV lanes when converting general motor vehicle lanes; (2) policies subsidizing carpoolers cannot be justified on either efficiency or equity grounds because a marginal carpooler is more likely transitioning from a transit user or non-motorized traveler than from a driver. Policy suggestions are proposed to Chinese decision makers.
A magnetic field sensitive interfacial metallic state in a crystalline insulator

We report strongly magnetic field dependent transport in crystalline strontium titanate at the interface with an ion beam treated nanolayer. Microscopy shows that this interface is atomically sharp. The results obtained suggest a chemical potential driven transfer of high mobility electrons through the interface into the crystal. This phenomenon provides a strategy for device fabrication without disorder in the conduction channel. We show, for nonmagnetic metals, magnetoresistance and plateau-like Hall magneto-dependence, possibly caused by electron cyclotron effects in a strongly correlated quasi-two-dimensional Fermi gas.
Microtubule nucleating γTuSC assembles structures with 13-fold microtubule-like symmetry

Microtubules are nucleated in vivo by gamma-tubulin complexes. The 300-kDa gamma-tubulin small complex (gamma-TuSC), consisting of two molecules of gamma-tubulin and one copy each of the accessory proteins Spc97 and Spc98, is the conserved, essential core of the microtubule nucleating machinery. In metazoa multiple gamma-TuSCs assemble with other proteins into gamma-tubulin ring complexes (gamma-TuRCs). The structure of gamma-TuRC indicated that it functions as a microtubule template. Because each gamma-TuSC contains two molecules of gamma-tubulin, it was assumed that the gamma-TuRC-specific proteins are required to organize gamma-TuSCs to match 13-fold microtubule symmetry. Here we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae gamma-TuSC forms rings even in the absence of other gamma-TuRC components. The yeast adaptor protein Spc110 stabilizes the rings into extended filaments and is required for oligomer formation under physiological buffer conditions. The 8-A cryo-electron microscopic reconstruction of the filament reveals 13 gamma-tubulins per turn, matching microtubule symmetry, with plus ends exposed for interaction with microtubules, implying that one turn of the filament constitutes a microtubule template. The domain structures of Spc97 and Spc98 suggest functions for conserved sequence motifs, with implications for the gamma-TuRC-specific proteins. The gamma-TuSC filaments nucleate microtubules at a low level, and the structure provides a strong hypothesis for how nucleation is regulated, converting this less active form to a potent nucleator.
A Qualitative Exploration of Group Co-Leader Relationships

ABSTRACT This article describes the process and outcome of a qualitative exploration of group co-leader relationships over a 16-week period. Results from this investigation generated theoretical conceptualizations regarding how co-leaders experience and perceive their relationships as they lead groups. The descriptions of these co-leaders illuminated the influences of complex reflective processes on co-leader reactions and interactions and on processes in which co-leaders engage to evaluate the quality of their relationships. Five themes emerged in the data relative to group co-leader relationship development. These themes are outlined, their implications for group leadership training and supervision are discussed, and research areas are suggested for future study.
The art of calorimetry

An introduction to the various types of calorimeters is given. The requirements for precise temperature measurements with thermistors are derived. Methods and equations for accurate heat exchange corrections for isoperibol temperature-change calorimetry under various conditions are derived. The characteristics and design principles for constant temperature baths are discussed. The construction of devices for addition of reagents, of stirrers, and of calibration heaters is described.
Electrode polarity is an important determinant of defibrillation efficacy using a nonthoracotomy system.

Experimental and clinical data using epicardial patch electrodes and monophasic waveform suggest that electrode polarity may be an important determinant of defibrillation efficacy. Our objective was to examine the effect of electrode polarity in an animal model using a nonthoracotomy system and monophasic and biphasic waveforms for defibrillation. We examined the effect of lead polarity in 14 pentobarbital anesthetized dogs (21.1 ± 2.4 kg) using monophasic and biphasic shocks and a nonthoracotomy system. Monophasic and single capacitor biphasic shocks of 10-msec total duration were used. The lead system consisted of a right ventricular catheter electrode with 4-cm2 surface area and a left chest wall subcutaneous patch electrode with 13.9-cm2 surface area. Electrode polarities RV(−)-Patch(+) and RV(+)Patch(−) were tested using both monophasic and biphasic waveforms. Alternating current was used to induce ventricular fibrillation and test shocks were delivered after 10 seconds of ventricular fibrillation. Each polarity configuration for monophasic and biphasic waveforms was tested four times at five different capacitor voltage levels (200–600 V, in 100-V increments). Defibrillation efficacy curves were constructed using logistic regression analysis for each animal and energies associated with 80% probability of successful defibrillation (E80) were determined. The mean E80 ± SD values were as follows. Monophasic waveform: RV(−)Patch(+) 23.4 ± 7.5 J; RV(+)Patch(−) 20.9 ± 7.9 J(P <0.03). Biphasic waveform: RV(−)Patch(+) 15.8 ± 6.8 J; RV(+)Patch(−) 12.5 ± 6.0 J (P < 0.03). The mean impedance values for both waveforms using either polarity ranged from 65.4 to 67 ohms and were not significantly different. Biphasic waveforms were superior to monophasic (P < 0.01), regardless of lead polarity. For either waveform, reversal of lead polarity in some animals resulted in improved defibrillation efficacy and worsening in others, butasagroup, the RV(+)Patch(−) electrode configuration was superior. Conclusions: These observations suggest that electrode polarity is an important determinant of defibrillation efficacy for nonthoracotomy defibrillation. The optimal electrode configuration cannot be determined a priori, suggesting that alternate polarity configurations should be tested to maximize the defibrillation safety margin.
Acculturation Strategies and Integrative Complexity The Cognitive Implications of Biculturalism

People are being exposed to second cultures in growing numbers, yet the role played by second-culture exposure in shaping sociocognitive skills has received little theoretical attention. The authors address this gap by exploring the relationship between acculturation strategies and integrative complexity. Consistent with the acculturation complexity model, studies of both Asian American college students (Study 1) and Israelis working in the United States (Study 2) show that biculturals are more integratively complex across domains (e.g., culture, work) than either assimilated or separated individuals. Using priming manipulations to clarify the directional flow of causality between acculturation and integrative complexity, the authors also find that greater integrative complexity among biculturals is driven by acculturation pressures (Study 3). Finally, the authors discuss the adaptive implications of multiculturalism.
Fatty acids of mitochondrial membranes from Tetrahymena pyriformis

We have examined the fatty acid composition of the mitochondrial membranes in three strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis. All three had similar components and exhibited large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. The cytoplasmic mutant, CA-10, which has a slower growth rate and unusual membrane morphology, had a slightly higher amount of iso-acids but was otherwise similar to the other strains in fatty acid composition. Arachidonic acid, previously undetected in extracts of Tetrahymena, was identified as a minor component of the mitochondrial membrane.
Cognitive Style and Sending and Receiving of Facial Cues

Summary.-Sending and receiving accuracy of nonverbal facial cues was assessed in 17 dating but non-cohabiting college couples. Field-dependence/ field-independence of each person was measured using the Embedded-figures Test. There were no relationships between several measures of receiving accuracy and cognitive style. However, field-dependent individuals were better senders of facial expressions. This finding is consistent with the literature on verbal self-disclosure and with other recent studies of accuracy of nonverbal
Light diffraction of cardiac muscle: an analysis of sarcomere shortening and muscle tension.

The time-course of sarcomere shortening and of overall muscle tension were determined for frog atrial strands (30–80 μm diam.) held isometric at a variety of lengths. A light diffraction technique was used to determine the sarcomere length: the cross-section of the strand was illuminated by a continuous He-Ne laser beam. Sarcomeres shortened considerably (up to 0.7 μm), and the velocity of shortening over most of the shortening phase was not affected by stretching the sarcomeres (initial lengths between 1.95 and 3.1 μm) in spite of the increase in muscle tension, (up to 0.65 kg/cm 2 ) and (presumably) a decrease in filament overlap. The incompatibility of these findings with the classical force-velocity relationship of skeletal muscle prompted two critical analyses of this interpretation, first, of the sarcomere length measurements and second, of the assignment of tension to the observed sarcomeres. The conclusions of the first analysis are that the sarcomere length measurements are reliable and that no physiologically important hidden population is likely to be present in the cross-section of the strand. The conclusion of the second analysis is that the assignment of tension to the observed sarcomeres is equivocal since, due to the unavoidably complex morphology of naturally occurring cardiac muscle, there can be no assurity that some unobserved passive element in the cross-section does not bear the active tension.
Social Support, Self-Worth, and Depression in Offending and Nonoffending Mothers of Maltreated Children

Offending mothers of maltreated children were compared twice, one year apart, with nonoffending mothers of maltreated children on measures of social support, self-worth, and depressive symptoms. Offending mothers generally did not differ from nonoffending mothers on perceived social support or self-worth. The two groups did not differ on depressive symptoms at the first interview (Time 1), but depressive symptoms decreased more over time for nonoffending mothers than for offending mothers. Perceptions of low social support from family and friends were the strongest predictors of more negative perceptions of self-worth and greater depressive symptomatology at Time 1. At Time 2, support from friends remained a significant independent predictor of self-worth and depressive symptoms, but support from family was no longer significant. Mothers whose children experienced a repetitive pattern of maltreatment and mothers who were not offenders had more depressive symptoms at Time 1. Single mothers experienced more depressive symptoms at Time 1, while lower education was associated with increased depressive symptoms at Time 2. The findings have important implications for planning interventions with maltreating families. Language: en
Types of integrated circuits

It is difficult to compare the potentials of various technical approaches to a given problem because major breakthroughs often make it possible to achieve particular results cheaper, better, and more reliably by certain methods that may have been discarded as impractical only a few days earlier.
Ligand-independent dimerization of the human prolactin receptor isoforms: functional implications

Prolactin (PRL) contributes to the growth of normal and malignant breast tissues. PRL initiates signaling by engaging the PRL receptor (PRLr), a transmembrane (TM) receptor belonging to the cytokine receptor family. The accepted view has been that PRL activates the PRLr by inducing dimerization of the receptor, but recent reports show ligand-independent dimerization of other cytokine receptors. Using coimmunoprecipitation assays, we have confirmed ligand-independent dimerization of the PRLr in T47D breast cancer and HepG2 liver carcinoma cells. In addition, mammalian cells transfected with differentially epitope-tagged isoforms of the PRLr indicated that long, intermediate, and DeltaS1 PRLrs dimerized in a ligand-independent manner. To determine the domain(s) involved in PRLr ligand-independent dimerization, we generated PRLr constructs as follows: (1) the TM-ICD, which consisted of the TM domain and the intracellular domain (ICD) but lacked the extracellular domain (ECD), and (2) the ECD-TM, which consisted of the TM domain and the ECD but lacked the ICD. These constructs dimerized in a ligand-independent manner in mammalian cells, implicating a significant role for the TM domain in this process. These truncated PRLrs were functionally inert alone or in combination in cells lacking the PRLr. However, when introduced into cells containing endogenous PRLr, the ECD-TM inhibited human PRLr signaling, whereas the TM-ICD potentiated human PRLr signaling. These studies indicate that the ECD-TM and the TM-ICD are capable of modulating PRLr function. We also demonstrated an endogenous TM-ICD in T47D cells, suggesting that these findings are relevant to PRL-signaling pathways in breast cancer.
Perhaps proton decay violates Lorentz invariance

Perhaps physics is not Lorentz invariant at the very short distance scales over which the proton decays.
Organic frequency-selective materials for ultrafast optical storage and processing

Spectral hole burning (SHB) allows to extend conventional spatial-domain optical data storage and coherent processing into the dimensions of frequency and time. To achieve ultrafast performance, on the time scale of 10-12 - 10-13s, we use organic dye-doped polymer materials at liquid-helium temperature. These materials enable SHB recording and coherent transient responses with a broad optical band width of 5 - 10 THz. We discuss applications of organic SHB systems for associative recall of time-and-space domain events, spectral programming of pulse trains, Stark switching of holograms, THz-bit-rate multiplication, cross- spectral processing and photon gated recording of erasure resistant coherent transients.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Discussions Regarding Reproductive Health for Young Women With Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy

Purpose Young women who undergo chemotherapy for breast cancer face serious consequences to their reproductive health. Research in this area has previously focused on men, or on childhood cancer survivors. We sought to explore self-report of reproductive health counseling in young women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 166 premenopausal women aged ≤ 50 years were recruited from oncology offices in academic and private practices in four northeastern states, as part of a randomized controlled clinical trial aimed at stress reduction. Women were asked a variety of questions regarding diagnosis and treatment, including whether they received any counseling regarding early menopause and fertility issues. Results Sixty-eight percent and 34% of women reported recalling a discussion with a physician regarding early menopause or fertility, respectively. In multivariate analysis, hormonal therapy and early stage of disease were associated with significantly increased odds of...
Fiber-optic bronchoscopic guidance for intubating a neonate with Pierre-Robin syndrome

The Pierre-Robin anomalad features micrognathia, glossoptosis, and frequently a cleft palate. Tracheal intubation may be challenging and sometimes impossible. Reported is a case in which a tracheal guide wire was passed via the suction port of a flexible pediatric bronchoscope. The bronchoscope was then removed, and an endotracheal tube was threaded over the wire. The technique is safe and allows rapid endotracheal intubation in pediatric patients with difficult upper airways.
Maintaining and Enhancing Human-Surrogate Presence in Augmented Reality

We present some background and ideas related to a human's sense of presence with a human surrogate (a stand-in for a human) in an augmented reality (AR) setting. In particular we examine several factors related to human surrogates that are common to robotics, virtual reality, and augmented reality; and some challenges that are unique to AR. We then discuss the roles of surrogate characteristics and behaviors in maintaining and perhaps enhancing a sense of presence with a surrogate. We conclude by sharing some ideas for intentionally employing particular surrogate characteristics/behaviors that could simultaneously address the AR-specific challenges while maintaining and perhaps even enhancing the sense of co-presence/social presence with human surrogates in AR.
Synthesis and Surface Chemistry of Cadmium Carboxylate Passivated CdTe Nanocrystals from Cadmium bis(Phenyltellurolate)

We report the synthesis of cadmium telluride nanocrystals from cadmium bis(phenyltellurolate) (Cd(TePh)2) and cadmium alkylcarboxylates (Cd(O2CR)2, O2CR = oleate, tetradecanoate). Cd(TePh)2 reacts quantitatively with Cd(O2CR)2 at 220 °C over 1 h with the concomitant elimination of diphenyl telluride (Ph2Te) and CdTe nanocrystals. The nanocrystal diameter approaches 3.0–3.2 nm at full conversion regardless of changes to the solvent, carboxylate chain length, heating conditions, and reaction concentration. Larger nanocrystals may be grown by slow addition of additional precursors to the crude product mixture. Isolated nanocrystals have carboxylate ligands (2.1–4.7 nm–2) that can be displaced along with excess cadmium ions using low concentrations of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) (1.5–280 mM). Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, we measure the extent of the displacement and show that the binding of Cd(O2CR)2 to CdTe is weaker than to CdSe nanocrystals of similar size. The weaker binding is proposed to ...
Genetic Control of Immune Responsiveness: A Review of Its use as a Tool for Selection for Disease Resistance

Disease resistance and immune responsiveness have been traits generally ignored by animal breeders. Recent advances in immunology and molecular biology have opened new avenues towards our understanding of genetic control of these traits. The major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) appears to play a central role in all immune functions and disease resistance. The need to understand the relationship between immune responsiveness, disease resistance and production traits is discussed in this review. Antagonistic relationships might prevent simultaneous improvement of all of these traits by conventional breeding methods. It is suggested that genetic engineering methods may allow the simultaneous improvement of disease resistance and production traits in domestic animals. Genes of the MHC will be especially good candidates for genetic engineering experiments to improve domestic species.
Basic examination of an imagecharacteristic in Multivane

Deterioration in the image because of a patient's movement always becomes a problem in the MRI inspection. To solve this problem, the imaging procedure named Multivane was developed. The principle is similar to the periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction (PROPELLER) method. As for Multivane, the effect of the body motion correction is high. However, the filling method of k space is different than a past Cartesian method. A basic examination of the image characteristic of Multivane and Cartesian was utilized along with geostationary phantom. The examination items are SNR, CNR, and a spatial resolution. As a result, Multivane of SNR was high. Cartesian of the contrast and the spatial resolution was also high. It is important to recognize these features and to use Multivane.
The Biology, Parasitism, and Population Sampling of the Plum Curculio on Blueberry in North Carolina

Under field conditions, an average of 54.6 days was required for first-generation plum curculio, Conotrachclus nenuphar (Herbst), to complete development with blueberry as a host. The duration of life stages is reported. Adults reared on blueberries were smaller than those reared from peach but fecundity was not reduced. A second generation occurred on blueberries when fruits were available for oviposition when the first-generation females reached maturity. Diapause occurred in 40-75% of the first-generation females reared from blueberries, wild plum, and peach. It appeared that the occurrence of diapause was not influenced by host fruit. After the insects moved from hibernation quarters to the host plant, there was little movement from plant to plant within the field and some adults hibernated in ground cover in the field. Preliminary studies on mark, release, and recapture methods indicated that the technique was useful in determining density and movement of plum curculio within blueberry plantings. The only parasite recovered from field-collected larvae was Aliolus rufus Riley, which accounted for 2.9% parasitism. A. rufus and another species, A. curculionis Fitch. were reared from plum curculio infesting wild plum.
Use of inotropic and chronotropic agents in neonates

Inotropic and chronotropic drugs are useful in altering mycardial contractility in neonates. Developmental variation in drug response exists, however, and this must be recognized when one prescribes these agents.
Researcher-Centered Design of Statistics: Why Bayesian Statistics Better Fit the Culture and Incentives of HCI

A core tradition of HCI lies in the experimental evaluation of the effects of techniques and interfaces to determine if they are useful for achieving their purpose. However, our individual analyses tend to stand alone, and study results rarely accrue in more precise estimates via meta-analysis: in a literature search, we found only 56 meta-analyses in HCI in the ACM Digital Library, 3 of which were published at CHI (often called the top HCI venue). Yet meta-analysis is the gold standard for demonstrating robust quantitative knowledge. We treat this as a user-centered design problem: the failure to accrue quantitative knowledge is not the users' (i.e. researchers') failure, but a failure to consider those users' needs when designing statistical practice. Using simulation, we compare hypothetical publication worlds following existing frequentist against Bayesian practice. We show that Bayesian analysis yields more precise effects with each new study, facilitating knowledge accrual without traditional meta-analyses. Bayesian practices also allow more principled conclusions from small-n studies of novel techniques. These advantages make Bayesian practices a likely better fit for the culture and incentives of the field. Instead of admonishing ourselves to spend resources on larger studies, we propose using tools that more appropriately analyze small studies and encourage knowledge accrual from one study to the next. We also believe Bayesian methods can be adopted from the bottom up without the need for new incentives for replication or meta-analysis. These techniques offer the potential for a more user- (i.e. researcher-) centered approach to statistical analysis in HCI.
Evaluation of the First International Normalized Ratio after Acute Care Discharge to the Primary Care Environment

Purpose: To determine the percentage of patients who maintain a therapeutic INR (international normalized ratio) when presenting for their first INR follow-up in the primary care setting after hospital discharge. Methods: Prospective observational trial enrolling patients newly initiated on warfarin. Results: Data for 35 patients were collected. Fifty-one percent of patients were therapeutic at their first follow-up lab visit with 23% subtherapeutic and 26% supratherapeutic. Conclusion: A low percentage of patients were therapeutic and more intervention is necessary in the immediate post-discharge time.
Tumor-Derived Chaperone-Rich Cell Lysate (CRCL) Can Be Effectively Combined with Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation to Treat Bcr-abl+ Leukemia in a Murine Model.

We have previously reported that purified tumor derived chaperone-rich cell lysate (CRCL) containing multiple heat shock proteins (HSPs) is a promising cancer vaccine, capable of generating tumor-specific T cell responses and protective immunity in different animal tumor models. In this study, we have explored the therapeutic applicability of CRCL in the context of syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to treat preexisting leukemia. BALB/c mice received a 10-fold LD 100 dose of bcr-abl + leukemia cells (12B1) subcutaneously (s.c.) on day -7. On day -1, 900cGy of total body irradiation (TBI) was given followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on day 0. Transplanted mice received 20X10 6 bone marrow cells along with 50X10 6 splenocytes (SPC) intravenously (i.v.). We have demonstrated that BMT/SPC prolonged survival of mice by a median time of 7 days (median survival time [MST] from tumor inoculation of no BMT versus BMT/SPC =19 vs 26 days), however, all mice eventually died of disseminated leukemia. When recipients received BMT and SPC from syngeneic donors that had been previously immunized with 12B1-derived CRCL (immune BMT/SPC) the MST was increased to 29 days with 26.1% of transplanted mice surviving without tumor ( p vs naive BMT/SPC). Vaccination of immune BMT/SPC recipients with 20 mg 12B1-derived CRCL in the early post-transplant period (day +1 and day +6) increased MST to 32 days ( p vs naive BMT/SPC control) but did not significantly improve overall survival (26.3%) when compared to immune BMT/SPC mice not receiving post transplant 12B1-CRCL vaccine. Eleven to 17 weeks later, mice with no evidence of disease were re-challenged with 12B1 cells in one groin and A20 B cell leukemia cells in the opposite groin. Eighty percent of the mice demonstrated long term tumor specific immunity by rejecting the 12B1 rechallenge while 100% of the mice developed A20 tumors. Our results indicate that CRCL is a promising vaccine that can be used to generate specific anti-tumor immunity that can be effectively transferred to a host via BMT.
Atomic simulations of twist grain boundary structures and deformation behaviors in aluminum

The structures and behaviors of grain boundaries (GBs) have profound effects on the mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials. In this paper, twist GBs in aluminum were investigated with molecular dynamic simulations to reveal their atomic structures, energy and interactions with dislocations. One hundred twenty-six twist GBs were studied, and the energy of all these twist GBs were calculated. The result indicates that and twist GBs have lower energy than twist GBs because of their higher interplanar spacing. In addition, 12 types of twist GBs in aluminum were chosen to explore the deformation behaviors. Low angle twist GBs with high density of network structures can resist greater tension because mutually hindering behaviors between partial dislocations increase the twist GB strength.
Isherwood’s Kuno von Pregnitz (Mr. Norris Changes Trains) and the Premise of Golding’s The Lord of the Flies

William Golding explicitly confirmed the influence of R. A. Ballantyne’s boys’ book The Coral Island on his early life and his subsequent writing. He spoke of the 1858 novel rotting to compost in h...
Does resection of an intact breast primary improve survival in metastatic breast cancer

The recommended primary treatment approach for women with metastatic breast cancer and an intact primary tumor is the use of systemic therapy. Local therapy of the primary tumor is recommended only for palliation of symptoms. However, a series of retrospective studies examining practice patterns for this problem show that about half the women presenting with de novo metastatic disease undergo resection of the primary tumor, and suggest that women so treated survive longer than those who do not undergo resection of the intact primary. In analyses that adjust for tumor burden (number of metastatic sites), types of metastases (visceral, nonvisceral), and the use of systemic therapy, the hazard ratio for death is reduced by 40% to 50% in women receiving surgical treatment of the primary tumor. The benefit of surgical treatment appears to be confined to women whose tumors were resected with free margins. However, these results may simply reflect a selection bias (ie, younger, healthier women with a smaller tumor burden are more likely to receive surgical treatment). In addition, the role of other locoregional therapy such as axillary dissection and radiotherapy is not addressed in these studies. In view of these data, the role of local therapy in women with stage IV breast cancer needs to be reevaluated, and local therapy plus systemic therapy should be compared to systemic therapy alone in a randomized trial.
Abstract 4970: Oxidative phosphorylation as a target in triple negative breast cancer therapy

Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. It is increasingly recognized that selected tumors are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, the role of OXPHOS in TNBC is not well understood. We performed RNA sequencing in pre-treatment biopsies from 43 patients with operable triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) who received sequential taxane- and anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. At a median follow-up of 63 months, 14 patients recurred and 12 patients died. At a false discovery rate of 0.05, 33 genes were differentially expressed between the patients who did and did not have a subsequent recurrence. Ingenuity pathway analysis demonstrated that one of the top canonical pathways that differed was higher expression of oxidative phosphorylation signature (p=5.89E-0.7). The patients who recurred had significantly higher levels of mitochondrial genes: MT-ND1 (adjusted p or FDR-BH; q=0.007); MT-ND5 (q=0.03) and MT-ND4 (q=0.04). Further, 21 genes were differentially expressed between patients based on survival, including MT-ND5 (q=0.001); MT-ND4 (q=0.005), MT-ND4L (q=0.015), MT-ND6 (q=0.018), and MT-ATP6 (P=0.03). Top canonical pathway that was differentially expressed based on survival was oxidative phosphorylation (p=9.98E-10). We therefore sought to determine the efficacy of IACS-10759, a novel inhibitor of OXPHOS, in 10 different TNBC patient-derived xenografts representing different gene expression based Lehmann TNBC subtypes. Growth inhibition was observed in multiple subtypes, with regression in one basal-like 1(BL1) 1 model, and stabilization of growth in multiple BL1 and immunomodulatory expression subtypes. Taken together, our data suggests that high OXPHOS is associated with higher recurrence and lower survival. OXPHOS is a promising target in several TNBC subtypes. A Phase I trial of IACS-10759, a potent inhibitor of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation, in leukemia is ongoing and planned in TNBC and other solid tumors. Citation Format: Funda Meric-Bernstam, Kurt Evans, Xiaofeng Zheng, Xiaoping Su, Erkan Yuca, Stephen Scott, Argun Akcakanat, Naoto Ueno, Bora Lim, Jennifer Litton, Vicente Valero, Fraser Symmans, Gabriel Hortobagyi, Charles Perou, Debu Tripathy, Guilio Draetta, Joe Marszalek, Ana Maria Gonzalez-Angulo, Stacy Moulder. Oxidative phosphorylation as a target in triple negative breast cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4970. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4970
Massively parallel structural acoustics in Sierra-SD

Sierra-SD is a massively parallel finite element application for structural dynamics and acoustics. Problems on the order of 2 billion degrees of freedom and running on as up to one hundred thousand distributed memory cores have been solved. Sierra-SD offers a wide range of modern acoustic capabilities. Unbounded problems can be solved with either an absorbing boundary condition, infinite elements, or perfectly matched layers. Problems can be solved in the time domain, frequency domain, or as a linear or quadratic eigenvalue problem. Structural acoustics problems can be solved with monolithic strong coupling, or a Multiple Program Multiple Data (MPMD) coupling with the linear and nonlinear structural Sierra applications. One way handoff is available from other applications in the Sandia National Laboratories’ Sierra Mechanics suite, enabling loading through the Lighthill tensor from incompressible fluid codes to calculate far field noise. Real world applications include ship shock loading and vibration of reentry bodies. [Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA-0003525.]
The Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus contains the capsid-associated p24 protein gene.

During the course of investigations on a wild-type strain of Lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV), a region of the viral genome was analyzed and found to contain 697 bp that is lacking in the sequenced strain (5–6) of LdMNPV (Kuzio et al., Virology 253, 17–34, 1999). The sequenced strain of LdMNPV contains a mutation in the 25 K few polyhedra (FP) gene, and exhibits the phenotype of a FP mutant. The additional sequence was located at approximately 81.4 map units within the viral genome, and was found in 10 different wild-type LdMNPV genotypic variants analyzed. Since the additional sequence was found in all wild-type virus strains analyzed, this sequence should be included in the representative LdMNPV genome. Sequence analysis of the genomic region containing the additional sequences revealed the presence of a homologue of the Autographa californica MNPV capsid-associated p24 gene (ORF 129). This gene, absent in LdMNPV isolate 5–6, is also present in the Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV, Bombyx mori NPV, Spodoptera exigua MNPV, S. litura MNPV, Mamestra configurata MNPV, Helicoverpa armigera SNPV, H. zea SNPV, Buzura suppressaria SNPV, Xestia c-nigrum granulovirus, Plutella xylostella GV, and Cydia pomonella GV.
Ion-Aerosol Attachment Coefficients and the Diffusional Charging of Aerosols

The relative importance of image capture and three-body trapping in calculating the ion-aerosol attachment coefficients for aerosol particles of small radii is evaluated. The results show that for uncharged nuclei the image capture sphere is always larger than the trapping distance and therefore the trapping distance plays no role in the attachment of ions to uncharged particles. However, for singly (doubly) charged particles with radii below about 2 × 10-8 (5 × 10-8) m the trapping distance is larger than the image capture distance, and therefore must be included in ion-aerosol attachment theories for small aerosol particles. Calculations of the combination coefficients including both the effects of image capture and three-body trapping are presented and compared to experimentally determined values.