cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Players and ball detection in soccer videos based on color segmentation and shape analysis

This paper proposes a scheme to detect and locate the players and the ball on the grass playfield in soccer videos. We put forward a shape analysis-based approach to identify the players and the ball from the roughly extracted foreground, which is obtained by a trained, color histogram-based playfield detector and connected component analysis. We employ Euclidean distance transform to extract skeletons for every foreground blob, and then perform shape analysis to remove false alarms (non-player and non-ball blobs) and cut-off the artifacts (mostly due to playfield lines) based on skeleton pruning and reverse Euclidean distance transform. Results are given to demonstrate the proposed algorithm works well in soccer video clips.
Introduction to Topological Geons

Why should we be interested in the effects of spacetime topology, and specifically in the microscopic spatial topology I shall discuss in these lectures? One reason is just that it might be there, in which case it is bound to be important. Another reason is that topology — in particular the topology of fields defined on ordinary Minkowski space — has proved to be important in contexts closely related to that of quantum gravity. Thus, such topology enters essentially into the structure of “Skyrmeons” (models for baryons such as the nucleon), and also of the magnetic-monopole solutions in non-abelian gauge theories.
Role of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in CpG DNA-Mediated IL-10 and IL-12 Production: Central Role of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in the Negative Feedback Loop of the CpG DNA-Mediated Th1 Response

The mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38, are activated in response to infectious agents and innate immune stimulators such as CpG DNA, and regulate the subsequent initiation and termination of immune responses. CpG DNA activates p38 and ERK with slightly different kinetics in monocytic cells. The present studies investigated the roles of these two key mitogen-activated protein kinases in regulating the CpG DNA-induced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. p38 activity was essential for the induction of both IL-10 and IL-12 expression by CpG DNA. In contrast, CpG DNA-mediated ERK activation was shown to suppress IL-12 production, but to be essential for the CpG DNA-induced IL-10 production. Studies using rIL-10 and IL-10 gene-deficient mice demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of ERK on CpG DNA-mediated IL-12 production is indirect, due to the role of ERK in mediating IL-10 production. These results demonstrate that ERK and p38 differentially regulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in APCs that have been activated by CpG DNA. CpG DNA-induced p38 activity is required for the resulting innate immune activation. In contrast, ERK plays a central negative regulatory role in the CpG DNA-mediated Th1 type response by promoting production of the Th2 type cytokine, IL-10.
Glatiramer acetate immune system augmentation for peripheral nerve regeneration in rat crushed sciatic nerve model.

Background: Protective antiself response to nervous system injury has been reported to be mediated by a T-cell subpopulation that can recognize self-antigens. Immune cells have been shown to play a role in the regulation of motor neuron survival after a peripheral nerve injury. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of immune system augmentation with use of the antigen glatiramer acetate, which is known to affect T-cell immunity, on peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods: Wild-type and nude-type (T-cell-deficient) rats underwent crush injury of the sciatic nerve. Three and six weeks after the injury, the sciatic nerve was examined, both functionally (on the basis of footprint analysis and the tibialis anterior muscle response and weight) and histologically (on the basis of axon count). Results: Significantly greater muscle responses were measured after three weeks in the group of wild-type rats that were treated with glatiramer acetate (control limb:injured limb ratio, 0.05 for the glatiramer acetate group [n = 9], compared with 0.51 for the saline solution group [n = 8]; p < 0.05). Higher axon counts were also found in this group (control limb:injured limb ratio, –0.07 for the glatiramer acetate group [n = 10], compared with 0.29 for the saline solution group [n = 8]; p < 0.05). The nude-type rats showed no response to the intervention after three weeks but showed a delayed response after six weeks. A second dose of glatiramer acetate, delivered forty-eight hours after the injury, did not result in an improved response as compared with the control groups. Conclusions: We found that a single treatment with glatiramer acetate resulted in accelerated functional and histological recovery after sciatic nerve crush injury. The role of T-cell immunity in the mechanism of glatiramer acetate was suggested by the partial and late response found in the T-cell-deficient rats. Clinical Relevance: Peripheral nerve injury may result in severe loss of sensation, weakness, and pain. The recovery is usually not complete with the limited treatment options. The recruitment of an endogenous mechanism, the immune system, to better coordinate the regeneration of nerves after injury is a different approach to this difficult clinical problem.
A functional in vitro model to examine signaling mechanisms in gastrin-mediated human cell growth

Gastrin (G-17) is a trophic hormone with a high affinity for the cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR); the mechanisms linking receptor binding and activation of downstream events to cell growth are not known, and these studies have been hampered by the lack of a cell model. We have established a pancreatic carcinoid cell line, BON, which produces a number of gut hormones; however, these cells lack native CCK-BR. The purpose of our study was to develop a model cell line containing the CCK-BR and to characterize the cellular mechanisms involved in gastrin regulation of human cell growth. BON cells were transfected with an expression plasmid containing the human CCK-BR, and stable clones were selected using G418. Functional CCK-BR was confirmed by reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction, 125I-gastrin binding, and mobilization of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in response to G-17. Stable transfectants were treated with G-17 (±) the CCK-BR antagonist, L365,260 (L-60); growth was assessed using a Coulter counter. G-17 stimulated the growth of the stable clones, whereas the selective CCK-BR antagonist, L-60, abolished this G-17-mediated trophic effect. We have shown that G-17, acting through the CCK-BR, mobilizes [Ca2+]i as a second messenger and stimulates cell growth. Our unique BON cell line, stably transfected with the human CCK-BR, provides a novel paradigm to further delineate signaling mechanisms in gastrin regulation of human cell growth.
Health supervision for children with sickle cell disease.

To the Editor .— I applaud the AAP Section on Hematology/Oncology and Committee on Genetics for authoring a comprehensive statement on health supervision for children with sickle cell disease.1 Understandably, the statement weakly endorses screening tests not supported by evidence, such as chest radiography, echocardiography, or pulmonary function tests. However, transcranial Doppler ultrasound screening received an equally equivocal endorsement, concluding that it “may be indicated.” Because the evidence for this screening test is quite strong, I do not understand the reasoning behind such a weak recommendation. As the authors note, transcranial Doppler predicts the risk of stroke for children with sickle cell disease.2 Children with abnormal Doppler results who were randomized to receive chronic transfusion therapy had a 92% lower risk of stroke than those randomized to usual care.3 This finding resulted in the …
Paramagnetic Resonance in Gases at Low Fields

A classical analysis has been made of the paramagnetic resonance of a gas composed of a collection of magnetic dipoles in an external static magnetic field ${H}_{0}$ for both circularly and linearly polarized radio-frequency fields at right angles to ${H}_{0}$. Assuming that during collisions the dipoles have components only along the ${H}_{0}$ direction one obtains for the circularly polarized case equations similar to those of Bloch with the single parameter $\ensuremath{\tau}$, the mean time between collisions. The expression for paramagnetic absorption thus obtained suffers from the defect that at zero external field it does not reduce to the Debye formula, as it should. If a Boltzmann distribution of the $x$ and $y$ components of the magnetization is assumed during collisions, the absorption formula is modified and correctly reduces to the Debye formula. For a linearly polarized radiofrequency field, one obtains as the absorption formula the sum of two terms [Eq. (17)]. This again does not reduce to the Debye formula. Introducing a Boltzmann distribution of magnetization during collisions one obtains a corrected formula in which absorption does not vanish at low fields.
Value of X-ray Films of Hand and Wrist in Human Identification

As seen in the x-ray film, the individual bones of the hand and wrist differ sufficiently in form from one person to another so that such films can be valuable aids in establishing personal identification in either the living or the dead.
Hydrogen storage by carbon sorption

This research determined experimentally the extent to which carbon sorbents such as activated carbon, carbon black, carbon aerogels, and carbon molecular sieves can augment the capacity of compressed hydrogen gas (CHG) storage systems. These carbon sorbents were tested at ambient temperature (300 K), at acetone-and-dry-ice temperature (190 K), and at liquid-nitrogen temperature (80 K). We concluded that, at the pressures typical of vehicular CHG storage systems (200 bar), only one of the ten carbon sorbents tested could augment the capacity of CHG storage vessels. This improvement was marginal at 190 K and 300 K, and non-existent at 80 K.
Graft: An Efficient Graphlet Counting Method for Large Graph Analysis

Majority of the existing works on network analysis study properties that are related to the global topology of a network. Examples of such properties include diameter, power-law exponent, and spectra of graph Laplacian. Such works enhance our understanding of real-life networks, or enable us to generate synthetic graphs with real-life graph properties. However, many of the existing problems on networks require the study of local topological structures of a network, which did not get the deserved attention in the existing works. In this work, we use graphlet frequency distribution (GFD) as an analysis tool for understanding the variance of local topological structure in a network; we also show that it can help in comparing, and characterizing real-life networks. The main bottleneck to obtain GFD is the excessive computation cost for obtaining the frequency of each of the graphlets in a large network. To overcome this, we propose a simple, yet powerful algorithm, called Graft , that obtains the approximate graphlet frequency for all graphlets that have up-to five vertices. Comparing to an exact counting algorithm, our algorithm achieves a speedup factor between 10 and 100 for a negligible counting error, which is, on average, less than 5 percent.
US perspective on the ITER magnetics R and D program

The overriding issue for ITER magnetic systems is the very high reliability requirement, coupled with significant scale-up in size from present experience. An international R&D program is being planned for the next six years, to prepare for a decision to construct the device. The conductors will use an internally cooled cabled approach, using A-15 conductors in the toroidal field coils, and in major portions, if not all, of the poloidal field coil system. It is planned to support two approaches to Nb/sub 3/Sn production, and to give parallel consideration to NbAl and other advanced strands. Several approaches to conductor jackets will be considered, both circular and rectangular, with alternative methods of fabrication and alternative materials. The selected conductors will be incorporated into significant scale model coils and tested in one or more common test facilities. Development of connectors, leads, and quench protection systems will be important parallel activities. >
Carbon tetrachloride inhibits synthesis of pulmonary surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholines and ATP production in alveolar type II cells

Other studies have shown that inhalation of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) decreases the amount of pulmonary surfactant lining the alveolar surface. Therefore, we studied the effects of CCl4 on the synthesis of surfactant phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in rat alveolar type II cells in vitro. The rate of incorporation of choline, palmitate or glycerol into disaturated PC (DSPC) is decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The CCl4 concentrations which cause maximal inhibition and 50% inhibition are similar for each substrate. The rate of incorporation of choline or glycerol into total PC is diminished to the same extent as their incorporation into DSPC. In addition, the rate of incorporation of glycerol into phosphatidylglycerol is decreased by the same extent as its incorporation into PC. All of these data suggest that there is a common site(s) at which CCl4 inhibits PC synthesis and that the inhibition occurs early in the biosynthetic pathway. However, individual enzymes involved in phospholipid synthesis do not seem to be affected by the solvent. Exposure of alveolar type II cells to CCl4 does cause a rapid and dramatic loss in cellular ATP, a cofactor required by some enzymes involved in PC synthesis. Studies with isolated lung mitochondria suggest that CCl4 inhibits the enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP. In addition, CCl4 causes a decrease in the amount of 3-O-methylglucose associated with type II cells, suggesting that glucose influx is impaired. This may also contribute to lower cellular ATP levels. The results of this study suggest that inhalation of CCl4 may impair surfactant phospholipid synthesis by decreasing ATP levels in alveolar type II cells.
Simplified Modeling for Impedance-Based Health Monitoring

A new model of impedance-based structural health monitoring (SHM) using the spectral element method (SEM) and electric circuit analysis has been developed. This model provides additional information for more accurately identifying and locating damage and in designing the SHM system. Complex functions of the SHM system such as estimation of remaining life are also made possible with the use of the model. The circuit analysis can be applied to any type of structural model. However, since impedance-based SHM relies on high frequency excitation of the structure using piezoelectric patches, finite element modeling may not be applicable and instead the spectral element method (SEM) is used. SEM more accurately models higher frequency vibrations since the mass is modeled “exactly” and incorporates higher order models more easily. Model and experimental results are presented for damaged and undamaged specimens.
A combination of adoptive transfer and antigenic challenge induces consistent murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice and other reputed resistant strains.

Adoptive EAE was induced in SJL mice by the transfer of MBP-primed and in vitro-stimulated donor lymph node cells into naive syngeneic recipients. Priming donor mice with OVA instead of restimulating MBP-primed donor cell with OVA resulted in no transfer of EAE. This apparent lack of disease, however, could be overcome if the recipients were subsequently challenged with MBP. When this transfer-challenge technique was applied to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, these reputed (MBP)EAE-resistant strains developed consistent and severe disease similar to that seen in susceptible strains. In fact, a survey of eleven (MBP)EAE-resistant strains, defined on the basis of their inability to mount an encephalitogenic response in recipient mice following the transfer of MBP-primed and in vitro activated lymph node cells, revealed that EAE could be induced in all these strains. Since the surveyed strains represented a wide spectrum of genetic backgrounds as well as the common MHC congenic haplotypes (H-2b,d,k,m,r,s,v), it is concluded that the machinery for recognition of MBP, i.e. MHC genes and the appropriate T cell receptors, is functionally intact in these resistant mice. While MHC and T cell receptor genes are required for T cell responses, they are not the limiting factors that confer resistance in murine EAE.
Design of high efficiency frequency doublers based on Manley-Rowe's energy relations

The paper describes a novel design technique for high efficiency microwave frequency doublers using a varactor diode. In the design technique the design parameters are derived analytically from Manley and Rowe's energy relations. First, the current and voltage of the varactor diode are represented by Fourier series as functions of the charge. Then the real and reactive powers of the varactor diode are evaluated as functions of the charge. From the real and reactive powers and from the current in the varactor diode at the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic, we derive the characteristic impedances of the frequency doubler's microwave structure for "matched" operation; furthermore, we derive the input and output powers and the distances between the varactor diode and the filters that reject the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic. These design parameters are all expressed as functions of the charge on the varactor diode.
SU-E-T-387: Achieving Optimal Patient Setup Imaging and Treatment Workflow Configurations in Multi-Room Proton Centers

Purpose: To simulate patient flow in proton treatment center under uncertainty and to explore the feasibility of treatment preparation rooms to improve patient throughput and cyclotron utilization. Methods: Three center layout scenarios were modeled: (S1: In-Tx room imaging) patient setup and imaging (planar/volumetric) performed in treatment room, (S2: Patient setup in preparation room) each treatment room was assigned with preparation room(s) that was equipped with lasers only for patient setup and gross patient alignment, and (S3: Patient setup and imaging in preparation room) preparation room(s) was equipped with laser and volumetric imaging for patient setup, gross and fine patient alignment. A 'snap' imaging was performed in treatment room. For each scenario, the number of treatment rooms and the number of preparation rooms serving each treatment room were varied. We examined our results (average of 100 16-hour (two shifts) working days) by evaluating patient throughput and cyclotron utilization. Results: When the number of treatment rooms increased ([from, to]) [1, 5], daily patient throughput increased [32, 161], [29, 184] and [27, 184] and cyclotron utilization increased [13%, 85%], [12%, 98%], and [11%, 98%] for scenarios S1, S2 and S3 respectively. However, both measures plateaued after 4 rooms. With the preparation rooms, themore » throughput and the cyclotron utilization increased by 14% and 15%, respectively. Three preparation rooms were optimal to serve 1-3 treatment rooms and two preparation rooms were optimal to serve 4 or 5 treatment rooms. Conclusion: Patient preparation rooms for patient setup may increase throughput and decrease the need for additional treatment rooms (cost effective). Optimal number of preparation rooms serving each gantry room varies as a function of treatment rooms and patient setup scenarios. A 5th treatment room may not be justified by throughput or utilization.« less
Using spectral distances for speedup in hyperspectral image processing

This paper investigates the efficiency of spectral screening as a tool for speedup in hyperspectral image processing. Spectral screening is a technique for reducing the hyperspectral data to a representative subset of spectra. The subset is formed such that any two spectra in it are dissimilar and, for any spectrum in the original image cube, there is a similar spectrum in the subset. The similarity can be described through various spectral distances and can be controlled by a threshold value. The spectral screening is improved by associating with each spectrum in the subset a weighing factor proportional to the number of spectra in the original image that are similar to it. Following its generation, the subset is used in further computations instead of the full data. The resulting processing mappings are then applied to the data. The investigation focused on the comparison between distance measures such as spectral angle and spectral correlation angle, in terms of efficiency of the results and speedup ob...
Guided-wave optics in silicon-on-insulator technology

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology offers tremendous potential for the integration of optoelectronic functions on a silicon substrate. The authors have demonstrated integrated 3 dB optical directional couplers, a 5/spl times/9 star coupler, and a Mach-Zehnder wavelength demultiplexer using SOI rib waveguides. These devices show excellent performance characteristics and represent key components for the realisation of monolithic optoelectronic circuits in a silicon IC-compatible technology.
Business applications of unstructured text

Crunching unstructured text rather than numbers is the basis for a new class of high-value applications ranging from regulatory compliance monitoring to business intelligence.
A design methodology for synthesizing parallel algorithms and architectures

Abstract In this paper, a design methodology for synthesizing efficient parallel algorithms and VLSI architectures is presented. A design process starts with a problem definition specified in the parallel programming language Crystal and is followed by a series of program transformations in Crystal, each aiming at optimizing the target design for a specific purpose. To illustrate the design methodology, a set of design methods for deriving systolic algorithms and architectures is given and the use of these methods in the design of a dynamic programming solver is described. The design methodology, together with this particular set of design methods, can be viewed as a general theory of systolic designs (or multidimensional pipelines). The fact that Crystal is a general purpose language for parallel programming allows new design methods and synthesis techniques, properties and theorems about problems in specific application domains, and new insights into any given problem to be integrated readily within the existing design framework.
The legal ramifications of student internships

In the criminal justice field, as in all others, student internships, or field experience, provide students with hands‐on, practical experience in an area of interest to them. Such arrangements also provide the law enforcement agency with additional temporary manpower and an ability to monitor the quality and substance of those about to enter the workforce. Student internships are important also as an integral and vital part of criminology/criminal justice education programs. In the past, we have focused on the operation of field placement courses, and there are few articles addressing this aspect of the subject. This writing takes a different approach and looks at the legal and ethical ramifications of internships from the perspective of the law enforcement agency, the student and the sponsoring university. Legal issues discussed in this writing include issues of personal injury (to both the student as well as offenders and officers), and general tort liability. Also included in the discussion of these i...
Classifying images on the web automatically

Numerous research works about the extraction of low-level features from images and videos have been published. However, only recently the focus has shifted to exploiting low-level features to classify images and videos automatically into semantically broad and meaningful categories. In this paper, novel classification algorithms are presented for three broad and general-purpose categories. In detail, we present algorithms for distinguishing photo-like images from graphical images, actual photos from only photo-like, but artificial images and presentation slides/scientific posters from comics. On a large image database, our classification algorithm achieved an accuracy of 97.69% in separating photo-like images from graphical images. In the subset of photo-like images, true photos could be separated from ray-traced/rendered image with an accuracy of 97.3%, while with an accuracy of 99.5% the subset of graphical images was successfully partitioned into presentation slides/scientific posters and comics.
Focused ion beam repair of lithographic masks

Abstract The application of focused ion beams to the repair of defects in photomasks is reviewed. Commercial mask repair tools are available which can focus a gallium ion beam to a diameter of 0.25 μm or less at a current density of 0.5A/cm2. These systems scan the ion beam over the mask to produce a secondary electron or secondary ion image of the defective region. Opaque defects are removed by physical sputtering. Clear defects are repaired by either ion machining a refractive structure into the glass substrate, or decomposing a hydrocarbon to form an opaque film on the substrate. Examples demonstrating the repair of opaque and clear defects are presented. The effect of the ion imaging and repair process on the optical properties of the glass substrate is also described.
Pediatric hepatic CT: an injection protocol.

Objective. To determine an injection protocol for pediatric hepatic CT and to investigate the use of power injection.Materials and methods. Eighty-seven studies were prospectively performed using ioversol (320 mg iodine per cc) at 2 cc/kg. Three techniques were used: helical (1 s/slice); dynamic, non-breath-hold (5.5 s/slice); dynamic, breath-hold (10 s/slice) scans. The liver-scan time for each study was determined. Scan initiation ranged from 25 to 80 s. An injection duration (50–100 seconds) was selected. From the contrast volume (2 cc/kg × kg body wt) and injection duration, the injection rate (cc/s) was calculated for each patient. Each study was grouped by injection rate corrected for body weight (cc/kg/min) into: 1.2–1.5, 1.51–2.0, and 2.01–2.4. The aortic/liver attenuation curves were plotted for each group.Results. Liver-scan time for helical studies was a mean of 26 s, for dynamic, non-breath-hold studies 75 s, dynamic breath-hold scans were 154 s. Injection rates of 1.2–1.5 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 165 s. Injection rates of 1.51–2.0 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 120 s. Injection rates of 2.01–2.4 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 90 s. There was no increase in hepatic attenuation for the injection rates 2.01–2.4 cc/kg/min compared with 1.51–2.0 cc/kg/min. There was one complication related to injection through a central line.Conclusions. An injection protocol was determined for helical studies with injection rates of 1.7–2.0 cc/kg/min with initiation at 60 s; for dynamic, non-breath-hold studies with injection rates of 1.5–1.7 cc/kg/min with initiation at 50 s; and for dynamic breath-hold studies with injection rates of 1.2–1.5 cc/kg/min with initiation at 45 s. Power injection was used safely in our population.
Extended quantum kinematics as an origin of internal symmetries and flavors.

We present a kinematical framework for internal symmetries which is based on the hypothesis that, apart from gauge symmetries, the internal symmetries are discrete. The kinematical basis for the system with such a symmetry is given by extended commutation relations (ECR's). The hierarchy of internal symmetries emerges as one extends elementary group algebras step by step following ECR's. Possible groups of internal symmetries are then restricted to finite solvable groups. Yet they exhibit unexpectedly rich structures. We tentatively identify the origin of flavors, the number of which turns out to be infinite.
Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Distributed Messaging Using Message Oriented Middleware

Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) is an enabling technology for modern event-driven applications that are typically based on publish/subscribe communication (Eugster, 2003). Enterprises typically contain hundreds of applications operating in environments with diverse databases and operating systems. Integration of these applications is required to coordinate the business process. Unfortunately, this is no easy task. Enterprise Integration, according to the authors in (Brosey et al, 2001), "aims to connect and combines people, processes, systems, and technologies to ensure that the right people and the right processes have the right information and the right resources at the right time”. Communication between different applications can be achieved by using synchronous and asynchronous communication tools. In synchronous communication, both parties involved must be online (for example, a telephone call), whereas in asynchronous communication, only one member needs to be online (email). Middleware is software that helps two applications communicate with one another. Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) and Object Request Brokers (ORB) are two types of synchronous middleware—when they send a request they must wait for an immediate reply. This can decrease an application’s performance when there is no need for synchronous communication. Even though asynchronous distributed messaging using message oriented middleware is widely used in industry, there is not enough work done in evaluating the performance of various open source Message oriented middleware. The objective of this work was to benchmark and evaluate three different open source MOM’s performance in publish/subscribe and point-to-point domains, and provide a functional comparison and qualitative study from developers perspective.
The Manufacture of High Permeability Mn-Zn Ferrites by Atmospherical Protect

For the manufacture of high permeability Mn-Zn ferrite cores, the zinc loss from the surface of sintering cores causes poor yield rate of final products. This experiment uses the atmospherical protection to reduce the evaporation of zinc. The control of the oxygen partial pressure and flow rate precisely can reduce the zinc loss about 20% to 35%, but it is not enough to get a good distribution of permeability of products, i.e. the distribution of initial permeability from 12000 to 15000 per products about 14% before atmospherical control and 25% after atmospherical control, respectively. Combination with precise control and zinc vapor compensation can increase the yield rate 9% to 15%. Another experiment to manufacture high permeability Mn-Zn ferrite cores for 15000±30% in a batch type furnace(about 13 Kg / batch), is to use a new engineering method to protect sintering core to avoid vaporizing zinc vapor, the yield rate can be rapidly increased from 25% to 75% and the effective capacity of furnace can be at least twofold. It is successful to manufacture homogeneous and high permeability of MnZn ferrites both increasing the quality of products and decreasing the operating costs.
On the existence of embedded eigenvalues

I relate the existence of eigenfunctions of decaying perturbations of the free Laplacian to the semi-classical behavior of the spectrum of quasi-periodic Schrodinger operators. In particular, I construct embedded eigenvalues in the spectrum of the discrete Laplacian perturbed by a potential of generalized bounded variation.
35 Gb/s Monolithic All-Optical Clock Recovery Pulse Source

We demonstrate clock recovery at 35 Gb/s from the first mode-locked laser integrated on-chip with input and output SOAs. Tuning one DBR mirror can change the output pulsewidth between 6.7 and 9.3 ps.
Facile in situ synthesis of oriented LiNbO3 single crystals in a polymer matrix

Abstract Nanocrystals of stoichiometry LiNbO3 are produced in a film of poly(4-vinylpyridine) (4-PVP) in a matrix-mediated in situ sol–gel-like synthesis. These crystals are produced at room temperature, and show identical size, morphology, phase, and crystallographic orientation. These features are produced by the application of aspects of biological mineralization to the fabrication of this non-biological composite.
Mining the Biomedical Literature for Genic Information

eGIFT (Extracting Gene Information From Text) is an intelligent system which is intended to aid scientists in surveying literature relevant to genes of interest. From a gene specific set of abstracts retrieved from PubMed, eGIFT determines the most important terms associated with the given gene. Annotators using eGIFT can quickly find articles describing gene functions and individuals scientists surveying the results of high-throughput experiments can quickly extract information important to their hits.
Effect of Comproportionation on the Voltammetric Reduction of Methyl Viologen in Low Ionic Strength Solutions.

Abstract : A variety of electrochemical methods are available for investigating homogeneous chemical reactions coupled to an initial electron-transfer step. Frequently, these methods are based on varying the mass-transfer rate(s) of reactant or intermediate(s) relative to the rate of chemical reaction. In a recent report, we proposed a new general method using microelectrodes, in low ionic strength solutions, that allows controlled variation of the mass transfer coefficients of charged reactants and intermediates through the influence of electric fields. This strategy was employed in a preliminary investigation of electron transfer reactions.
Root development and competitive ability of the invasive species Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake in the South Florida flatwoods

Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake is an aggressive, invasive species in sub-tropical Florida that is considered a serious threat to the existing biological integrity of many subtropical ecosystems in south Florida. It prevents other species from thriving through its high rate of seed production/germination and the formation of a dense tree canopy. However, its ability to take over a site between initial seedling establishment and crown closure is not well understood. The objective of this study was to determine (i) the nature of root development with time and soil depth, and (ii) the ability of M. quinquenervia to invade and absorb nutrients from soil already occupied by native vegetation. The working hypotheses were that M. quinquenervia captures a site either by (i) tolerating competition by prolifically growing roots into soil already occupied by native plants, or (ii) avoiding competition by rooting to depths where inter-root competition is less and water supply during a drought is available. Soil trenches and in-growth trays were used to measure root distribution and growth. Root number (# m−2), root length density (m root m−3 soil volume), and root biomass (g root m−3 soil) were determined. This study demonstrated that M. quinquenervia (1) is a prolific rooter with or without the presence of competing vegetation; (2) can develop root densities higher than many mature native species at an early age; (3) can develop roots in the soil surface during soil drying periods, even while competitive grasses are dying out; (4) can develop a deep root system at an early age; and (5) is an effective rooter in both moist and dry water regimes in this fluctuating water table soil. The data suggested that this species is a strong competitor through the use of both competition avoidance and tolerance mechanisms and that the rooting habit of M. quinquenervia should be an important consideration when evaluating its ability as an invasive species.
Inducible lethal ventricular arrhythmias in swine with pacing-induced heart failure.

Introduction: Rapid pacing-induced heart failure provides an excellent animal model for the study of heart failure. We studied the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias using programmed stimulation in a pacing-induced heart failure model. We also studied action potential characteristics and the relationship between action potential and heart rate. Methods and results: Ten pigs were instrumented and were studied before the onset and every week after rapid pacing was instituted. Weekly echocardiograms and programmed stimulation were done in a sedated state. In vitro electrophysiologic studies were done on left ventricular myocardium in 4 heart-failure animals and 4 controls. All animals developed progressive heart failure with left ventricular dilatation and reduced percentage fractional shortening. No arrhythmias were induced at baseline or the first and second weeks. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in one animal on the third week and 4 animals on week 4, while there was no appreciable worsening in echocardiographic indices of ventricular dysfunction between weeks 3 and 4. Ventricular effective refractory period was unchanged during the 4 weeks. In vitro studies showed action potential prolongation in heart failure myocardium. However, action potential duration at pacing rates > 100 bpm were similar to controls. No early or delayed afterdepolarizations were observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrated an increased susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation with the development of heart failure which was not related to the degree of ventricular disfunction. Also, the normalization of action potential duration at higher heart rates suggests that the increased incidence of inducible ventricular fibrillation in this model may not be solely due to prolonged action potential duration.
Neutral hydrogen from the foil-induced dissociation of 4HeH+, 3HeH+, and H2+

Abstract High-resolution energy spectra and angular distributions of H 0 from the dissociation of 4 HeH + , 3 HeH + , and H 2 + in thin carbon foils are presented for incident ion energies ranging from 170 to 1800 keV/amu. For the range of dwell times inside the target foils studied (about 1–10 fs), the dominant mechanism for such dissociation is the Coulomb explosion of the ions inside the target followed by electron capture near the rear surface of the foil. At the shortest of these dwell times, the yield of H 0 for incident ions oriented perpendicular to the beam relative to that for ions aligned with the beam is a factor of two greater than at longer dwell times. These data indicate that, for ion fragments which emerge from the rear surface of the target within a few A of one another, those in the perpendicular orientation have a greater electron capture probability than those emerging in other orientations.
Pulsed laser optoacoustic detection of flame species.

Pulsed laser excitation of OH(A–X), NH2 (A–X), and CO2 (10.6-μm vibrational hot band) has been detected optoacoustically in flames. Detection sensitivities approaching 1 part in 109, 105, and 105, respectively, were obtained for these species. The form and characteristics of the pressure wave were examined, using OH in flames excited by dye laser and SF6 in a cold flow excited by a CO2 laser, to optimize the laser beam and microphone geometry and understand the influence of the microphone frequency response. Attempts to detect H2O using the vibrational overtone bands near 590 nm were successful in the vapor near 310 K but failed in the hot flame gases.
Real wages, aggregate demand, and unemployment

A new methodology for differentiating the effects of aggregate demand and real wage rigidity on unemployment is presented. It departs from the standard fixprice model by specifying that (1) product markets are imperfectly competitive and (2) demand functions for labor and capital are conditional on output as well as on the real wage. Keynesian and classical unemployment may coexist instead of occupying separate regimes as in the rationing model with competitive firms. The method is used to estimate the volumes of natural, excess, hidden, demand gap, and wage gap unemployment in the United States during 1959–1982.
Insulin resistance of glycogen synthase mediated by o-linked N-acetylglucosamine.

Abstract We have investigated the mechanism by which high concentrations of glucose inhibit insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase. In NIH-3T3-L1 adipocytes cultured in low glucose (LG; 2.5 mm), the half-maximal activation concentration (A 0.5) of glucose 6-phosphate was 162 ± 15 μm. Exposure to either high glucose (HG; 20 mm) or glucosamine (GlcN; 10 mm) increased the A0.5 to 558 ± 61 or 612 ± 34 μm. Insulin treatment with LG reduced the A0.5 to 96 ± 10 μm, but cells cultured with HG or GlcN were insulin-resistant (A 0.5 = 287 ± 27 or 561 ± 77 μm). Insulin resistance was not explained by increased phosphorylation of synthase. In fact, culture with GlcN decreased phosphorylation to 61% of the levels seen in cells cultured in LG. Hexosamine flux and subsequent enzymatic proteinO-glycosylation have been postulated to mediate nutrient sensing and insulin resistance. Glycogen synthase is modified byO-linked N-acetylglucosamine, and the level of glycosylation increased in cells treated with HG or GlcN. Treatment of synthase in vitro with protein phosphatase 1 increased basal synthase activity from cells cultured in LG to 54% of total activity but was less effective with synthase from cells cultured in HG or GlcN, increasing basal activity to only 13 or 16%. After enzymatic removal of O-GlcNAc, however, subsequent digestion with phosphatase increased basal activity to over 73% for LG, HG, and GlcN. We conclude that O-GlcNAc modification of glycogen synthase results in the retention of the enzyme in a glucose 6-phosphate-dependent state and contributes to the reduced activation of the enzyme in insulin resistance.
Supergeometry and Arithmetic Geometry

Abstract We define a superspace over a ring R as a functor on a subcategory of the category of supercommutative R -algebras. As an application the notion of a p -adic superspace is introduced and used to give a transparent construction of the Frobenius map on p -adic cohomology of a smooth projective variety over Z p (the ring of p -adic integers).
The permeability of human lymphocytes to chloride

Summary The normal amount of C1 in human lymphocytes is 82 mmoles/kg wet weight. Half of this undergoes rapid self-exchange with a half-time of 3 minutes, while the remainder exchanges slowly with a half-time of 180 minutes. The fast fraction of self-exchange of C1 also undergoes a rapid net loss into medium with a low concentration of C1. Thus, exchange of C1 in lymphocytes has properties like that of K and Na with permeability constants on the order of 10 −6 cm/sec. The results are compatible with a simple model in which the fast fractions are dissolved within ordered cellular water at concentrations less than in the external medium and the slow fractions are adsorbed onto intracellular macromolecules.
Experimental and theoretical studies of second-phase scattering in IR transmitting ZnS-based windows

ABSTRACT A model based upon Mie theory was developed to calculate the level of scattering caused by the incorporation of a second-phase. Various transmission curves were calculated in order to study themicrostructural scattering effects of pores and ZnGaS4 particles. The model was able to reproduce the spectral transmission curve (2.5 - 10im) of a hot-pressed ZnS sample containing a porous scatterer onlywhen a size distribution effect was included in the model. A bimodal distribution of pores was found tobe responsible for the detected scattering. 1. INTRODUCTION The design of a multiphase ZnS-based ceramic window is influenced by a compromise between mechanical and optical considerations. This process seeks to optimize the strength and fracturetoughness of the window while minimizing the scattering due to the second-phase. From an opticalviewpoint, a single-phase material with a cubic crystal structure is best suited as a window materialbecause the anisotropic and second-phase scattering mechanisms are intrinsically absent. However, themotivation to develop a multiphase or composite ZnS-based window is to improve its mechanical
Effective immunization against cutaneous leishmaniasis with recombinant bacille Calmette-Guérin expressing the Leishmania surface proteinase gp63

Abstract Leishmania parasites cause a spectrum of diseases that afflict the populations of 86 countries in the world. The parasites can survive within the lysosomal compartments of the host's macrophages, unless those macrophages are appropriately activated. Despite the fact that protective immunity can be induced by vaccination with crude parasite preparations, little progress has been made toward a defined vaccine for humans. In this study the gene encoding the Leishmania surface proteinase gp63 was cloned and expressed as a cytoplasmic protein in a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine strain. BALB/c and CBA/J mice were inoculated with a single dose of recombinant BCG and challenged with infective Leishmania major or Leishmania mexicana promastigotes. Significant protection was observed in both mouse strains against L. mexicana and in CBA/J against L. major, whereas only a delay in L. major growth was seen in BALB/c mice. Recombinant BCG also engendered a strong protective response against challenge with amastigotes of L. mexicana, demonstrating that the induced immune response recognized the intracellular form of the parasite. The results support the view that recombinant BCG expressing gp63 may prove a useful vaccine for inducing protective cell-mediated immune responses to Leishmania species causing American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
A Dominant Gene Decreases Erucic and Increases Dienoic Acid in the Seed Oils of Meadowfoam Subspecies

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Benth.) seed oil is a source of erucic acid (22:1 Δ13) and novel very long-chain fatty acids. The fatty acid profiles of L. alba subspecies are distinctly different. L. alba ssp. versicolor produces significantly mere erucic acid and significantly less dienoic acid (22:2) than L. alba ssp. alba, The L. alba ssp. alba profile is the standard for certain meadowfoam oil markets. Because changes in the profile could affect meadowfoam oil markets, we completed a study to elucidate the genetics of erucic and dienoic acid content differences in the subspecies. The fatty acid contents of F 2 and F 3 progeny from an L. alba ssp. alba × L. alba ssp. versicolor (P 1 x P 2 ) cross were assayed by gas chromatography. P 1 produced 81 g kg -1 erucic acid and 297 g kg -1 dienoic acid, whereas P 2 produced 242 g kg -1 erucic acid and 86 g kg 1 dienoic acid. There were two non-overlapping erucic by dienoic add phenotypic classes among 100 F 2 progeny. The phenotypic distribution (79:21) was not significantly different from 3:1 (P = 0.48); thus, these progeny segregated for a dominant gene. This was verified by F 3 progeny tests. Unless markets can tolerate the range of fatty acid compositions found in L. alba germplasm, cultivars with the L. alba ssp. alba fatty acid profile must be developed.
Developing an integrated land-use/transportation model for small to medium-sized cities: case study of Montgomery, Alabama

Abstract Many large cities and regions are currently developing integrated land-use and transportation models for the first time. They are doing so in response to needs expressed by their constituents and to shifts in national policy that require consistency between local land-use plans and regional transportation plans. In addition, these models offer the ability to conduct a wide variety of scenario testing for both infrastructure and policy alternatives. The magnitude of commitment in both human and financial resources to develop these integrated models has typically been large, which has hitherto limited the application of these models to larger cities and regions. The purpose of this paper is to present the integrated land-use and transport model development project being undertaken by the Montgomery, Alabama, Area Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO, regional pop. ~300,000) as a case study for other small to medium-sized MPOs interested in developing one of these modeling systems. Several items ...