cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior of tee-section bracing members retrofitted with CFRP strips subjected to axial compression

Abstract This paper presents the behavior of steel tee-section bracing members retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips. The retrofitted sections are monotonically loaded in axial compression. Two numerical approaches, eigenbuckling analysis and nonlinear large displacement analysis, are conducted to predict the axial response of retrofitted sections; these are validated experimentally. A simple analytical model based on virtual work is developed to estimate the out-of-plane displacement of such FRP-retrofitted sections subjected to axial load. The parameters evaluated include the CFRP-retrofit scheme, geometric characteristics of the retrofitted sections, and material properties of the CFRP used. A case study is carried out to examine the effectiveness of the retrofit, based on the acceleration profile of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The slenderness ratio of the retrofitted sections in the weak axis significantly influence the load-carrying capacity and out-of-plane displacement of the members. The aspect ratio of the webs affects the stiffness of load–displacement (out-of-plane) responses. The CFRP strips reduce the stresses of the retrofitted sections up to 25% when compared to an unretrofit control section, in particular at the web-flange junction where critical hysteretic stress accumulation could occur under seismic loading. The CFRP-retrofit, however, may not be recommended for tee-section bracing members with a slenderness ratio greater than 60.
Individual and Combined Effects of Postpartum Depression in Mothers and Fathers on Parenting Behavior

BACKGROUND. Pediatric anticipatory guidance has been associated with parenting behaviors that promote positive infant development. Maternal postpartum depression is known to negatively affect parenting and may prevent mothers from following anticipatory guidance. The effects of postpartum depression in fathers on parenting is understudied. OBJECTIVE. Our purpose with this work was to examine the effects of maternal and paternal depression on parenting behaviors consistent with anticipatory guidance recommendations. METHODS. The 9-month-old wave of data from a national study of children and their families, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, provided data on 5089 2-parent families. Depressive symptoms were measured with a short form of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Interviews with both parents provided data on parent health behaviors and parent-infant interactions. Logistic and linear regression models were used to estimate the association between depression in each parent and the parenting behaviors of interest. These models were adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic status indicators. RESULTS. In this national sample, 14% of mothers and 10% of fathers exhibited levels of depressive symptoms on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale that have been associated with clinical diagnoses, confirming other findings of a high prevalence of postpartum maternal depression but highlighting that postpartum depression is a significant issue for fathers as well. Mothers who were depressed were ∼1.5 times more likely to engage in less healthy feeding and sleep practices with their infant. In both mothers and fathers, depressive symptoms were negatively associated with positive enrichment activity with the child (reading, singing songs, and telling stories). CONCLUSIONS. Postpartum depression is a significant problem in both mothers and fathers in the United States. It is associated with undesirable parent health behaviors and fewer positive parent-infant interactions.
The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in pediatric patients

Like in the adult population, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are commonly used agents for their anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic effects in pediatrics. They are also used for some distinct indications in pediatrics such as Kawasaki disease, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure, and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). The primary mechanism thought to cause their therapeutic effects is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) which is an enzyme that is necessary for the formation of prostaglandins. Unfortunately, this same mechanism, the inhibition of prostaglandins, is thought to be the most likely cause of gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal damage, because prostaglandins through multiple mechanisms assist in the preparation and maintenance of the protective barrier of the mucosal lining of the stomach. Similarly, prostaglandins in the kidney promote intrarenal plasma flow and electrolyte balance. The efficacy and safety of NSAIDs must be considered in prescribing these agents. The real conundrum of these therapies is determining the role of newer agents such as intravenous ibuprofen compared to existing alternatives. Available data for intravenous ibuprofen in adults is promising, but further studies are needed in pediatric patients to determine efficacy, place in therapy, and safety.
Lymphoid organ development: from ontogeny to neogenesis

The development of lymphoid organs can be viewed as a continuum. At one end are the 'canonical' secondary lymphoid organs, including lymph nodes and spleen; at the other end are 'ectopic' or tertiary lymphoid organs, which are cellular accumulations arising during chronic inflammation by the process of lymphoid neogenesis. Secondary lymphoid organs are genetically 'preprogrammed' and 'prepatterned' during ontogeny, whereas tertiary lymphoid organs arise under environmental influences and are not restricted to specific developmental 'windows' or anatomic locations. Between these two boundaries are other types of lymphoid tissues that are less developmentally but more environmentally regulated, such as Peyer's patches, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue and inducible bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue. Their regulation, functions and potential effects are discussed here.
Diffusion and Coalescence of the Houston Metropolitan Area: Evidence Supporting a New Urban Theory:

The authors build on a recent development in urban geographic theory, providing evidence of an oscillatory behavior in spatiotemporal patterns of urban growth. With the aid of remotely sensed data, the spatial extent of urban areas in the Houston (USA) metropolitan region from 1974 to 2002 was analyzed by spatial metrics. Regularities in the spatial urban growth pattern were identified with temporal periods as short as thirty years by means of spatial metric values, including mean nearest-neighbor distance, mean patch area, total number of urban patches, and mean patch fractal dimension. Through changes in these values, a distinct oscillation between phases of diffusion and coalescence in urban growth was revealed. The results suggest that the hypothesized process of diffusion and coalescence may occur over shorter time periods than previously thought, and that the patterns are readily observable in real-world systems.
Oral Anticoagulants and Status of Antidotes for the Reversal of Bleeding Risk

Anticoagulants have been used in clinical practice for more than 50 years. Their indications expand, as more people are diagnosed each year with atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Vitamin K antagonists have been the most popular choice due to their effectiveness and their ability to reverse bleeding using a known antidote; oral and intravenous vitamin K have long been known to reverse the effects of warfarin. With new classes of anticoagulants making their way onto the market, such as factor Xa inhibitors (rivaroxaban, apixaban) and direct thrombin inhibitors (dabigatran), the need for new reversal agents is paramount. Patients tend to be more receptive to these medications because they do not require routine blood monitoring, can be used at fixed doses, and do not have major drug or food interactions. Antidotes for these medications have shown promise in animal models and are currently in clinical trials.
Relevance of vitamins, homocysteine and other metabolites in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Indistinguishable hematologic abnormalities are seen in most patients with cobalamin (Cbl, vitamin B12) or folate deficiency. Approximately one third of Cbl-deficient patients develop a wide variety of non-focal neuropsychiatric abnormalities that are not seen in folate deficiency. Serum levels of homocysteine are elevated to a similar degree in Cbl-deficient patients with and without neuropsychiatric abnormalities, and in folate-deficient patients. Serum levels of eight other metabolites including methylmalonic acid also fail to elucidate the biochemical basis for the neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid are often only slightly elevated in Cbl-deficient patients who have significant neuropsychiatric defects. Moderate elevations of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid occur in 20%–30% of various elderly populations (mean age 80) and may play a role in the similar neuropsychiatric abnormalities that occur increasingly with aging. Taken together, these studies suggest that an important unknown Cbl-dependent enzyme, metabolic abnormality, environmental factor, or genetic factor may play a major role in the pathophysiology of the neuropsychiatric abnormalities caused by Cbl deficiency.
Chemical labeling for quantitative characterization of surface chemistry

The development and recent achievements of chemical labeling based surface characterization techniques are reviewed. Chemical labeling utilizes the specificity of chemical reactions to attach labeling molecules to surface functionalities, in order to facilitate the detection, identification and quantification of surface species. In this report, different chemical labeling based techniques are compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and ease of operation. The two most widely used techniques, XPS derivatization and fluorescence labeling, are discussed in detail.
Aging and the 4-kHz Air–Bone Gap

Purpose In this study, the authors assessed age- and sex-related patterns in the prevalence and 10-year incidence of 4-kHz air–bone gaps and associated factors. Method Data were obtained as part of...
The phenomenology of error processing: The dorsal acc response to stop-signal errors tracks reports of negative affect

A reliable observation in neuroimaging studies of cognitive control is the response of dorsal ACC (dACC) to events that demand increased cognitive control (e.g., response conflicts and performance errors). This observation is apparently at odds with a comparably reliable association of the dACC with the subjective experience of negative affective states such as pain, fear, and anxiety. Whereas "affective" associates of the dACC are based on studies that explicitly manipulate and/or measure the subjective experience of negative affect, the "cognitive" associates of dACC are based on studies using tasks designed to manipulate the demand for cognitive control, such as the Stroop, flanker, and stop-signal tasks. Critically, extant neuroimaging research has not systematically considered the extent to which these cognitive tasks induce negative affective experiences and, if so, to what extent negative affect can account for any variance in the dACC response during task performance. While undergoing fMRI, participants in this study performed a stop-signal task while regularly reporting their experience of performance on several dimensions. We observed that within-subject variability in the dACC response to stop-signal errors tracked changes in subjective frustration throughout task performance. This association remained when controlling for within-subject variability in subjective reports of cognitive engagement and several performance-related variables indexing task difficulty. These results fit with existing models characterizing the dACC as a hub for monitoring ongoing behavior and motivating adjustments when necessary and further emphasize that such a function may be linked to the subjective experience of negative affect.
Use of weighted least squares in relating component outage rates to age of vehicle

A field survey was conducted to measure the outage rates of various vehicle safety components. The population of vehicles sampled had been subject to a random checklane vehicle inspection program which annually inspected about 6% of the vehicles in the state. A recently developed unified approach to the analysis of multivariate categorical data was utilized to relate the various component outage rates to the age of the vehicle. A method is presented for utilizing commonly available least squares regression programs to accomplish the weighed least squares computations. The results relate component outage rates to the age of the vehicle and have implications for vehicle inspection programs.
The Synaptonemal Complex Shapes the Crossover Landscape Through Cooperative Assembly, Crossover Promotion and Crossover Inhibition During Caenorhabditis elegans Meiosis

The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a highly ordered proteinaceous structure that assembles at the interface between aligned homologous chromosomes during meiotic prophase. The SC has been demonstrated to function both in stabilization of homolog pairing and in promoting the formation of interhomolog crossovers (COs). How the SC provides these functions and whether it also plays a role in inhibiting CO formation has been a matter of debate. Here we provide new insight into assembly and function of the SC by investigating the consequences of reducing (but not eliminating) SYP-1, a major structural component of the SC central region, during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. First, we find an increased incidence of double CO (DCO) meiotic products following partial depletion of SYP-1 by RNAi, indicating a role for SYP-1 in mechanisms that normally limit crossovers to one per homolog pair per meiosis. Second, syp-1 RNAi worms exhibit both a strong preference for COs to occur on the left half of the X chromosome and a significant bias for SYP-1 protein to be associated with the left half of the chromosome, implying that the SC functions locally in promoting COs. Distribution of SYP-1 on chromosomes in syp-1 RNAi germ cells provides strong corroboration for cooperative assembly of the SC central region and indicates that SYP-1 preferentially associates with X chromosomes when it is present in limiting quantities. Further, the observed biases in the distribution of both COs and SYP-1 protein support models in which synapsis initiates predominantly in the vicinity of pairing centers (PCs). However, discontinuities in SC structure and clear gaps between localized foci of PC-binding protein HIM-8 and X chromosome-associated SYP-1 stretches allow refinement of models for the role of PCs in promoting synapsis. Our data suggest that the CO landscape is shaped by a combination of three attributes of the SC central region: a CO-promoting activity that functions locally at CO sites, a cooperative assembly process that enables CO formation in regions distant from prominent sites of synapsis initiation, and CO-inhibitory role(s) that limit CO number.
Thyroidectomy remains an effective treatment option for Graves’ disease

Abstract Background Recent experience with thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease is limited. We report our current experience with thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease at a tertiary hospital. Methods A prospective database showed 48 patients who underwent surgery for Graves’ disease from April 1993 to June 2005. Results All patients had typical symptoms of Graves’ disease. Twenty-three patients had ophthalmopathy. Indications for surgery were failed medical therapy (n = 24), presence of a dominant nodule (n = 12), or refusal of radioiodine (n = 12). Surgery included total thyroidectomy (n = 46) or subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 2). The incidence of cancer was 17%. Long-term follow-up data were available for 44 patients. No patients had recurrence of hyperthyroidism or cancer. Follow-up evaluation of 20 patients with ophthalmopathy showed the condition had either stabilized or resolved. Conclusions Total thyroidectomy for Graves’ disease offers rapid and durable control of hyperthyroidism, provides appropriate treatment for patients with coexisting cancer, and can stabilize or reverse ophthalmopathy.
Maturity ratings and the prediction of height of short 14-year-old boys.

An analysis of the subsequent growth of 111 normal North American 14-year-old boys, 19 of whom had heights of less than 63 in., supports the validity of present-day predictive tables; but it indicates that these tables may have a tendency to underestimate the future height of those boys in whom development of secondary sexual characteristics is slow. The maturity rating is discussed as a valuable item both in the description and evaluation of all young adolescents and in the prediction of adult height. Since the future increments in height of members of this series seemed to be directly related to a boy9s maturity rating, the further investigation and clinical trial of a rule of thumb (a predicted gain of 7 in. for those whose rating is II, of 6 in. for those whose rating is III, etc.) for use with 14-year-old boys is suggested. This simple determination may prove especially helpful at those times when it is impossible or undesirable to obtain a roentgenographic estimate of skeletal age.
Cortactin gene amplification and expression in breast cancer: a chromogenic in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemical study.

Amplification of 11q13 is found in approximately 15% of breast cancers. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) has been reported to be the ‘driver’ of this amplicon, however, multiple genes map to the smallest region of amplification of 11q13. Out of these genes, cortactin (CTTN) has been shown to be consistently overexpressed at the mRNA level in tumours harbouring 11q13 amplification. The aims of this study are to define whether CTTN is consistently co-amplified with the main core of the 11q13 amplicon, whether it is consistently overexpressed when amplified and to determine correlations between CTTN amplification and overexpression with clinicopathological features of breast cancers and survival of breast cancer patients. CTTN and CCND1 chromogenic in situ hybridisation (CISH) probes and a validated monoclonal antibody against CTTN were applied to a tissue microarray of a cohort of breast cancers from patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. CTTN and CCND1 amplifications were found in 12.3 and 12.4% of cases, respectively. All cases harbouring CTTN amplification also displayed CCND1 amplification. High expression of CTTN was found in 10.8% of cases and was associated with CTTN amplification, expression of ‘basal’ markers and topoisomerase IIα. Exploratory subgroup analysis of tumours devoid of 11q13 amplification revealed that high expression of CTTN in the absence of CTTN gene amplification was associated with lymph node negative disease, lack of hormone receptors and FOXA1, expression of ‘basal’ markers, high Ki-67 indices, p53 nuclear expression, and basal-like and triple negative phenotypes. CTTN expression and CTTN gene amplification were not associated with disease-, metastasis-free and overall survival. In conclusion, CTTN is consistently co-amplified with CCND1 and expressed at higher levels in breast cancers harbouring 11q13 amplification, suggesting that CTTN may also constitute one of the drivers of this amplicon. CTTN expression is not associated with the outcome of breast cancer patients treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
Measuring longitudinally dynamic cortex development in infants by reconstruction of consistent cortical surfaces

Quantitative measurement of dynamic cortex development during early postnatal stages is of great importance to understand early cortical structural and functional development. Conventional methods usually independently reconstruct cortical surfaces of longitudinal images from the same infant, which often generates longitudinallyinconsistent cortical surfaces and leads to inconsistence in cortex development measurement. This paper aims to address this problem by presenting a method to reconstruct consistent cortical surfaces from longitudinal brain MR images in the first-year infants for accurate and consistent measurement of dynamic cortex development. Specifically, longitudinal development of the inner cortical surface is first modeled by a deformable sheet with elasto-plasticity property to establish longitudinally smooth correspondences of inner cortical surfaces. Then, the modeled longitudinal inner cortical surfaces are jointly deformed to locate inner and outer cortical surfaces with a spatial-temporal deformable surface. The method has been applied on 10 infants, each with 5 or 6 scans acquired at every 3 months from birth. Experimental results show that our method can accurately and consistently reconstruct dynamic cortical surfaces from longitudinal infant images, with the average surface distance as low as 0.2mm. By using our method, we can quantitatively characterize longitudinally dynamic cortical thickness development in the first-year infants.
Exogenous tax changes and interest rates: testing for Ricardian equivalence using an efficient markets model

This article tests the Ricardian theory (i.e., Barro 1974) using Mishkin’s (1981, 1982) efficient markets model of interest rates. Employing Romer and Romer’s (2010) measure exogenous tax changes, I am able to test whether the U.S. bond market reacts in a Keynesian or Ricardian manner to exogenous tax policy changes. This helps avoid the endogeneity problems associated with measuring the interest rate effects of deficits and provides a cleaner test of the pure Ricardian thought experiment. I find a significant negative relationship between tax changes and interest rates which is inconsistent with the Ricardian model and support the Keynesian crowding out framework.
Type of health insurance and the quality of primary care experience.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between type of health insurance coverage and quality of primary care as measured by its distinguishing attributes--first contact, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, and coordination. METHODS: The household component of the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was used for this study. The analysis primarily focused on subjects aged younger than 65 years who identified a usual source of care. Logistic regressions were used to examine the independent effects of insurance status on primary care attributes while individual sociodemographic characteristics were controlled for. RESULTS: The experience of primary care varies according to insurance status. The insured are able to obtain better primary care than the uninsured, and the privately insured are able to obtain better primary care than the publicly insured. Those insured through fee-for-service coverage experience better longitudinal care and less of a barrier to access than those insured through health maintenance organizations (HMOs). CONCLUSIONS: While expanding insurance coverage is important for establishing access to care, efforts are needed to enhance the quality of primary health care, particularly for the publicly insured. Policymakers should closely monitor the quality of primary care provided by HMOs.
Arachidonic Acid Release and Catecholamine Secretion from Digitonin‐Treated Chromaffin Cells: Effects of Micromolar Calcium, Phorbol Ester, and Protein Alkylating Agents

The relationship between catecholamine secretion and arachidonic acid release from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells was investigated. Digitonin renders permeable the plasma membranes of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells to Ca2+, ATP, and proteins. Digitonin-treated cells undergo exocytosis of catecholamine in response to micromolar Ca2+ in the medium. The addition of micromolar Ca2+ to digitonin-treated chromaffin cells that had been prelabeled with [3H]arachidonic acid caused a marked increase in the release of [3H]arachidonic acid. The time course of [3H]arachidonic acid release paralleled catecholamine secretion. Although [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis were both activated by free Ca2+ in the micromolar range, the activation of [3H]arachidonic acid release occurred at Ca2+ concentrations slightly lower than those required to activate exocytosis. Pretreatment of the chromaffin cells with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) or p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of 10 microM Ca2+-stimulated [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis. The IC50 of NEM for both [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis was 40 microM. The IC50 of BPB for both events was 25 microM. High concentrations (5-20 mM) of Mg2+ caused inhibition of catecholamine secretion without altering [3H]arachidonic acid release. A phorbol ester that activates protein kinase C, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), caused enhancement of both [3H]arachidonic acid release and exocytosis. The findings demonstrate that [3H]arachidonic acid release is stimulated during catecholamine secretion from digitonin-treated chromaffin cells and they are consistent with a role for phospholipase A2 in exocytosis from chromaffin cells. Furthermore the data suggest that protein kinase C can modulate both arachidonic acid release and exocytosis.
A New Blood Diluent for Counting the Erythrocytes and Leucocytes of the Chicken

Abstract INTRODUCTION HEMATOLOGICAL studies on chickens have long been hampered by the lack of a quick, readily applicable, and quantitative method for the enumeration of the leucocytes. This problem stems from the fact that the nuclei of bird erythrocytes are not destroyed in the usual procedure for mammalian blood cell enumeration and therefore cannot be distinguished from the leucocytes. LITERATURE The first method for counting leucocytes in avian blood was proposed by Warthin (1906) who suggested an indirect method for counting these cells. This method entails the use of a diluent which preserves all the blood cells. The total leucocyte count can be calculated by determining the total number of cells in a cu. mm. of blood (leucocyte and erythrocyte) and subsequently ascertaining the ratio between these cells in a stained smear. In using the indirect method, one must assume that the blood cells are equally distributed throughout the smear. This . . .
Linear timing analysis of SOC synchronous circuits with level-sensitive latches

This paper describes a linear programming (LP) formulation applicable to the timing analysis of large scale SOC synchronous circuits with level-sensitive latches. The proposed formulation uses a variation of the big M method (W. L. Winston, Operations Research Application and Algorithms, PWS-Kent Publ. Co., 2nd ed., 1991) to modify the nonlinear constraints in the problem formulation into solvable linear constraints. By making maximum use of cycle stealing (I. Lin et al, Proc. 29th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conf., pp. 393-398, 1992), operation at a higher clock frequency (reduced clock period) is possible. The industrial LP solver CPLEX is used on the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits, demonstrating significant improvements in clock period.
Flip-Flop Upsets From Single-Event-Transients in 65 nm Clock Circuits

This paper describes upsets of 65 nm flip-flops caused by Single-Event-Transients in clock-tree circuits. The upset rate is predicted through modeling, and compared to upset rates measured on a 65 nm test chip with 15 MeV carbon ions and 148 MeV protons.
Circulating anticoagulant in a family with prolonged bleeding time and factor VIII deficiency

A circulating anticoagulant against factor VIII activity was demonstrated in the plasma of a boy from a family with both factor VIII deficiency and prolonged bleeding time. However, the factor VIII- related antigen, ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation activity, platelet retention in glass bead columns, platelet aggregation with adenosine 5′-diphosphate, collagen and epinephrine, and clot retraction among affected members were normal. The electrophoretic mobility of factor VIII-related antigen on crossed immunoelectrophoresis was normal. The inactivation of factor VIII activity by the inhibitor was time dependent and was nonlinear as the concentration of the inhibitor was increased. Immunotyping showed that the inhibitor was IgG with k light chains.
The hydrology of northern peatlands as affected by biogenic gas: Current developments and research needs

Recent research indicates that accumulation and release of biogenic gas from northern peatlands may substantially affect future climate. Sudden release of free-phase gas bubbles into the atmosphere may preclude the conversion of methane to carbon dioxide in the uppermost oxic layer of the peat, resulting in greater contribution of methane to the atmosphere than is currently estimated. The hydrology of these peatlands also affects and is affected by this process, especially when gas is released suddenly and episodically. Indirect hydrological evidence indicates that ebullitive gas releases are relatively frequent in some peatlands and time-averaged rates may be significantly greater than diffusive releases. Estimates of free-phase gas contained in peat have ranged from 0 to nearly 20% of the peat volume. Abrupt changes in the volume of gas may alter hydraulic gradients and movement of water and solutes in peat, which in turn could alter composition and fluxes of the gas. Peat surfaces also move vertically and horizontally in response to accumulation and release of free-phase gas. Future research should address the distribution, temporal variability, and relative significance of ebullition in peatlands and the consequent hydrological responses to these gas-emission events.
USING OBLIQUE DECISION TREES FOR THE MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF GALAXIES

We discuss the application of a class of machine learning algorithms known as decision trees to the process of galactic classification. In particular, we explore the application of oblique decision trees induced with different impurity measures to the problem of classifying galactic morphology data provided by Storrie-Lombardi et al.(1992). Our results are compared to those obtained by a neural network classifier created by Storrie-Lombardi et al, and we show that the two methodologies are comparable. We conclude with a demonstration that the original data can be easily classified into less well-defined categories.
Elevated intracellular glycine associated with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in glioma cells.

— The intracellular concentrations of a number of amino acids were measured in a normal clone of rat glioma cells, and in several independently derived clones selected for gross deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT). A significant, approx 2-fold increase in the concentration of free glycine was observed in both mutagenized and non-mutagenized HGPRT deficient clones. The increase in glycine was independent of the phase of cell growth. A similar increase did not occur in HGPRT deficient lymphoblasts.
The Dopamine Agonist Bromocriptine Differentially Affects Fronto-Striatal Functional Connectivity During Working Memory

We investigated the effect of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, on individual differences in behavior as well as frontal-striatal connectivity during a working memory task. After dopaminergic augmentation, frontal-striatal connectivity in low working memory capacity individuals increases, corresponding with behavioral improvement whereas decreases in connectivity in high working memory capacity individuals are associated with poorer behavioral performance. These findings corroborate an inverted U-shape response of dopamine function in behavioral performance and provide insight on the corresponding neural mechanisms.
Aging and the Double Hysteresis Loop of PbλCa1-λTiO3 Ceramics

Double hysteresis loops were observed in a solid solution, Pb0.5Ca0.5TiO3, which was held at room temperature for several hours after cooling from a high temperature (200°C.). To discover the mechanism of the processes causing the peculiar hysteresis loops, the loops and the dielectric properties were examined under various conditions. It was found that specimens of the foregoing composition exhibit a remarkable aging effect at room temperature. The double hysteresis loop is explained as follows. Each small region in the specimen has an asymmetric hysteresis loop. The observed propeller-shaped hysteresis loop is the result of random superpositions of all these asymmetric hysteresis loops. Experimental results show that the asymmetry of the elemental hysteresis loop originates in an interaction between two phases which are formed as the aging proceeds. A phenomenological theory is developed in which the effects of the mutual interactions between the two phases are considered. This interaction causes the elemental hysteresis loops to be asymmetric. The theory succeeds, at least qualitatively, in explaining the main features of the observed facts.
In Vitro Validation of Finite Element Model of AAA Hemodynamics Incorporating Realistic Outflow Boundary Conditions

Numerical methods have become a powerful tool to quantify hemodynamic forces in the cardiovascular system. Studying these forces enables us to understand cardiovascular disease mechanisms, as well as better evaluate and design cardiovascular medical devices. However, much work remains to validate numerical methods against experimental data. Vignon-Clementel and colleagues have shown that the boundary conditions (BCs) prescribed at the outlets of numerical domains dramatically influence the flow and pressure computational results [1]. While many in-vitro studies have implemented simple BCs to allow for acceptable validations of numerical methods, none has implemented BCs that provide physiologically realistic flows and pressures.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Clashing States and Civilizations: The Multilateral Flow of Transnational Terrorism, 2000-2007

In this paper we develop a multilateral (k-adic) empirical framework for analyzing the flow of terrorist activity across state borders. Building on Poast’s (2010) k-adic framework for analyzing multilateral alliance behavior, we have created a directional k-adic design that allows us to track the flow of terrorist violence from multiple potential base states toward another target state. Our analysis of transnational terrorist activity from 2000-2007 demonstrates that flow of transnational terrorist activity is a function of the opportunity and willingness to use terrorist tactics. Specifically, we find that the opportunity to launch terrorist attacks is primarily a function of distance and accessibility and relative power. On the other hand, we find that he willingness of non-state groups to use violence against civilians in other states is primarily a function of conflicting interests between the host and target states, and differences in ethnic and religious identity.
Daily exercise and gender influence postexercise cardiac autonomic responses in hypertensive rats

The influence of daily spontaneous running (DSR) and gender on postexercise cardiac autonomic responses was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Rats were weaned at 4-5 wk of age and were randomly assigned to a sedentary (7 males and 6 females) or DSR (7 males and 8 females) group. After 8 weeks of DSR or sedentary control, rats were chronically instrumented with arterial and venous catheters. After 5 days of recovery, cardiac sympathetic (ST) and parasympathetic tonus (PT) were determined (by the response of heart rate to receptor antagonists) on alternate days under two experimental conditions: no exercise and postexercise. After a single bout of dynamic treadmill exercise (12 m/min, 10% grade for 40 min) ST was reduced (P < 0.05) (male sedentary: no exercise 45 +/- 4 vs. postexercise 28 +/- 3 beats/min; female sedentary: no exercise 69 +/- 10 vs. postexercise 37 +/- 7 beats/ min). PT was also altered after exercise (male sedentary: no exercise -31 +/- 4 vs. postexercise -11 +/- 2 beats/min; female sedentary: no exercise -5 +/- 4 vs. postexercise 7 +/- 4 beats/min). After DSR, ST was reduced (male sedentary 45 +/- 4 vs. DSR 22 +/- 3 beats/min; female sedentary 69 +/- 10 vs. DSR 36 +/- 4 beats/min) (P < 0.05). Finally, male rats had a lower ST and higher PT than female rats. These results demonstrate that 1) ST was reduced after a single bout of dynamic exercise; 2) ST was reduced after DSR; 3) the autonomic response to acute exercise was attenuated after DSR; and 4) there was a gender influence on the cardiac autonomic function.
End User Electronic Information Competencies

A basic set of Information & Research Competency Skill Sets should be acquired before students enter the legal academy. The article reformulates the skills and values found in the McCrate Report and a set of technology-based competencies found in Beyond Workplace 2000 to create skill sets students and attorneys should master to be considered competent electronic information users.
Estimating Freeway Travel Times using the General Motors Model

Travel time is a key transportation performance measure because of its diverse applications. Various modeling approaches to estimating freeway travel time have been well developed due to widespread installation of intelligent transportation system sensors. However, estimating accurate travel time using existing freeway travel time models is still challenging under congested conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an innovative freeway travel time estimation model based on the General Motors (GM) car-following model. Since the GM model is usually used in a microsimulation environment, the concepts of virtual leading and virtual following vehicles are proposed to allow the GM model to be used in macroscale environments using aggregated traffic sensor data. Travel time data collected from three study corridors on I-270 in Saint Louis, Missouri, were used to verify the estimated travel times produced by the proposed General Motors travel time estimation (GMTTE) model and two existing models, the in...
IDA at 65: Heading Toward Retirement or a Fragile Lease on Life?

Even under conservative assumptions, IDA will likely face a wave of country graduations by 2025. We project that it will lose more than half of its client countries and that the total population living in IDA-eligible countries will plunge by two thirds. The remaining IDA-eligible countries will be significantly smaller in size and overwhelmingly African, and a majority are currently considered fragile or post-conflict. This drastically altered client base will have significant implications for IDA’s operational and financial models. We conclude with three possible options for IDA and recommend that World Bank shareholders and management begin frank discussions on its future sooner rather than later.
The Teaching of Mathematics in German Secondary Schools and the Training of Teachers for These Schools

(1927). The Teaching of Mathematics in German Secondary Schools and the Training of Teachers for These Schools. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 34, No. 6, pp. 286-293.
Abstract 1530: Therapeutic efficacy of cancer stem cell vaccine in an adjuvant setting

So far, the majority of cancer stem cell (CSC) studies have been confined to human tumors inoculated into severely immunosuppressed hosts (e.g. SCID mice), where adaptive immune responses are absent, and such hosts are therefore not suitable for the immunologic evaluation of CSCs. The lack of immunocompetent syngeneic animal tumor models where stem cells can be isolated has been the primary obstacle to evaluating the immunogenicity of CSCs. We recently reported the identification of CSC-enriched populations using ALDEFLUOR/ALDH as a marker in murine melanoma D5 and squamous cell cancer SCC7, and evaluated their immunogenicity in two genetically distinct syngeneic immunocompetent hosts. Enriched CSCs are immunogenic and significantly more effective as an antigen source in inducing protective anti-tumor immunity than unsorted tumor cells or purified non-CSCs. We further found that selective targeting of CSCs by CSC-primed antibodies and T cells represents the mechanisms involved in CSC vaccine-conferred protective immunity. If a CSC vaccine is to be clinically relevant, it needs to be evaluated in a therapeutic model. In this study, we examined two models for this purpose. The first model involves the treatment of micrometastatic disease. We initiated vaccination 24 hrs after s.c. inoculation of D5 tumor cells in the syngeneic immunocompetent host (B6 mice), and repeated the vaccination one week later. Comparison was made among the group with PBS-injected controls; mice vaccinated with dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with the lysate of ALDH high D5 cells (CSC-TPDC) vs. ALDH low D5 cells (ALDH low -TPDC). We found that CSC-TPDC inhibited the tumor growth more than ALDH low -TPDC and PBS controls, and significantly prolonged the survival of the tumor-bearing mice. The second model involves the treatment of established tumors using CSC-TPDC vaccine as an additional strategy to radiation therapy (RT). Day 7 D5 sc tumors were treated with localized RT with repeat treatments on D8. Vaccine therapy commenced on D8. This combination therapy was repeated twice with one week apart. CSC-TPDC plus RT mediated D5 tumor regression more than ALDH low -TPDC + RT, RT alone and PBS controls, and prolonged the survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Importantly, we observed metastasis of the D5 tumors to the lung in all the groups except for the one treated with CSC-TPDC plus RT. The findings may help develop novel approaches for cancer treatment by utilizing an autologous cancer stem cell-based vaccine to selectively and immunologically target cancer stem cells. Citation Format: Lin Lu, Huimin Tao, Martin Egenti, Max S. Wicha, Alfred E. Chang, Qiao Li. Therapeutic efficacy of cancer stem cell-based vaccine in an adjuvant setting. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 233. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-233
The Effect of Public Spending on Private Investment: Evidence from Census Shocks

In this paper, we examine the causal impact of public sector spending on corporate investment. Based on the fact that federal funds allocated to local governments depend largely on local population levels, we use population count revisions in census years as exogenous shocks to the cross-sectional allocation of federal funds. We find that exogenous increases in federal spending reduce firms’ capital investment, R&D spending, employment growth, and sales growth. The effect is stronger for firms in regions with higher employment and firms that are more labor-intensive, smaller-sized, and geographically concentrated. An exogenous increase in government hiring also reduces corporate hiring.
Drawing and application of mosquito control electronic map

Objective To record mosquito breeding sites vividly and visually, and reduce pretermission of mosquito breeding sites in its investigation and control . MethodsDrawing mosquito control electronic map with Corel Dra w software, using city map, community map and data of mosquito breeding sites census. Mosquito bre eding sites in three residential areas performed by investigato rs with mosquito control electronic map was compared with investigators with com munity map.ResultsMosquito control electronic map of four com munities was dra wn. It could be used in investigation and control of mosquito breeding sites, as se ssment of urban mosquito control and presenting mosquito breeding status of comm unity. Pretermission of mosquito breeding sites could be reduced using the map. ConclusionMosquito control electronic map could be used in urb an mosquito control work, but its application awaiting obtaining of detailed city electronic map wi th a low price.
Research and Progress of High Power CO Electric Discharge Laser

Recent research and progress of high power CO electric discharge laser device are introduced according to cooling system and exciting type of laser system. The merit and demerit of different lasers, and the applications of high power CO laser are discussed.
The Hierarchy of Priorities for Smaller-City CBD’s

A normative model of priority establishments in the small-city downtown is derived from an empirical study of consumer shopping and preference patterns. Drawing power potentials of various shopping and nonshopping activities based on consumer data are analyzed and used to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the small-city CBD vis a vis competitive store clusters.
Recent Tendencies in Design

As the 1990s take hold in the British theatre, the designer is once again news. Such was the case throughout the 1980s but often for the wrong reasons, as journalists focused on issues of aesthetic overkill and scenic bombardment that did the discipline of design no favours. Now, profiles of designers regularly appear on the pages of colour supplements and glossy magazines, often accompanied by elaborate reproductions of the individual’s work. It’s as if the general public has at last acknowledged what the industry itself always knew to be true: the important theatre of any epoch depends upon important designers, and Britain is lucky to have more than a few whose influence can be felt both on home ground and abroad. As the 1990s take hold in the British theatre, the designer is once again news. Such was the case throughout the 1980s but often for the wrong reasons, as journalists focused on issues of aesthetic overkill and scenic bombardment that did the discipline of design no favours. Now, profiles of designers regularly appear on the pages of colour supplements and glossy magazines, often accompanied by elaborate reproductions of the individual’s work. It’s as if the general public has at last acknowledged what the industry itself always knew to be true: the important theatre of any epoch depends upon important designers, and Britain is lucky to have more than a few whose influence can be felt both on home ground and abroad.
Surface Debye Temperature

The Debye temperature of a bulk solid is a measure of the stiffness of the bonds within the crystal and is related to the Debye characteristic frequency, ν D . This frequency corresponds to the highest allowed vibrational mode in the crystal in the distribution of frequencies following a mode frequency distribution function with a magnitude which is proportional to the square of the mode frequency. The Debye temperature is \( \varTheta_{D} = h\nu_{D} /k \), where k is Boltzmann’s constant.
Intending war rightly: Right intentions, public intentions, and consent

This article defends the normative status of the right intentions requirement in just war theory. Before we turn to many ethical questions about a conflict – whether there was just cause or whether a war was fought well – we often begin by asking whether the war was rightly intended. Particularly in the contemporary world, where questions of humanitarian intentions and their place in international law is an important political issue, clarifying what we mean by right intentions and showing why they matter is politically very important. Unfortunately, despite the importance of right intentions in the history of political thought, recent discussions give the concept mixed attention, leaving it obscure and difficult to apply. The first section reviews four traditional accounts, showing their underlying (and important) differences and respective weaknesses. The second section of the article argues that these models fail because they are rooted in private instead of public reason. A model of right intentions as public intentions is described and justified, where an intention is only right when the motives that underlie it can be endorsed by the group it is supposed to aid, and the opportunities it provides that group are endorsable by the intervener.