cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution, localization and characteristics of neurotensin binding sites in the rat brain.

Neurotensin binds reversibly to brain membranes (0.44 pmol/mg) with high affinity (KD = 8 nM). Stereospecific membrane binding sites for 125I-neurotensin are localized in the thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebrum of rat brain: the hypothalamus and cerebrum contained 38% and 32% of the number of binding sites, respectively, compared to thalamus. The values of 125I-neurotensin binding in the medulla and pons, cerebellum and pituitary were only 13, 9 and 2% of that found for the thalamus. Fractionation of brain tissue homogenates on discontinuous sucrose gradients resulted in an enrichment of binding sites in the membrane fraction banding at the interphase of 0.4–0.6 m sucrose. Maximum binding occurred at pH 7.0 in 25 mm buffer in the absence of mono- and divalent cations which are inhibitory. The degree of binding of neurotensin and neurotensin analogs to membranes correlates well with their biological activity as measured by their production of hyperglycemia and hyperglucogonemia in rats.
Renovascular hypertension: is there still a role for stent revascularization?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Management of renovascular hypertension remains controversial and problematic, in part, due to failure of prospective trials to demonstrate added benefit to revascularization. RECENT FINDINGS Effective drug therapy often can achieve satisfactory blood pressure control, although concerns persist of the potential for progressive, delayed loss of kidney function beyond a stenotic lesion. Recent studies highlight benefits of renal artery stenting in subsets of patients including those with recurrent pulmonary edema and those intolerant to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system. Occasional patients with recent deterioration in renal function recover sufficient glomerular filtration rate after stenting to avoid requirements for renal replacement therapy. Emerging paradigms from both clinical and experimental studies suggest that hypoxic injury within the kidney activates inflammatory injury pathways and microvascular rarification that may not recover after technically successful revascularization alone. Initial data suggest that additional measures to repair the kidney, including the use of cell-based therapy, may offer the potential to recover kidney function in advanced renovascular disease. SUMMARY Specific patient groups benefit from renal revascularization. Nephrologists will increasingly be asked to manage complex renovascular patients, different from those in randomized trials, that require intensely individualized management.
Oral Tolerance to Myelin Basic Protein Induces Regulatory TGF-β-Secreting T Cells in Peyer's Patches of SJL Mice

Abstract Oral administration of myelin basic protein (MBP) is an effective means of suppressing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In the Lewis rat model, we have previously shown that this effect is mediated by active suppression as T lymphocytes from animals orally tolerized to MBP suppress in vitro immune responses and in vivo adoptively transfer disease protection to naive recipients. This effect is mediated by the cytokine TGF-β which is secreted by T cells from orally tolerized animals after being triggered by the oral tolerogen. In the present study we investigated Peyer's patches in SJL mice following orally administered MBP. Peyer's patches are one of the major lymphoid structures of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and a site thought to play an important role in the induction of oral tolerance. Twenty-four hours after one feeding of 1 mg of MBP, there were no proliferative responses to MBP in Peyer's patches. However, when Peyer's patches from MBP-fed animals were stimulated with IL-2 in the presence of MBP, reduced proliferation to IL-2 was observed, and this inhibition was reversed with anti-TGF-β antibody. Suppression of IL-2-induced proliferation by MBP was not observed in unfed animals or if Peyer's patches from MBP-fed animals were stimulated with a control antigen (ovalbumin). Stimulation of Peyer's patches T cells from MBP-fed animals with MBP resulted in secretion of TGF-β in a dose-related fashion with less TGF-β secretion at higher doses. Furthermore, cells from Peyer's patches of animals fed MBP adoptively transferred protection to actively induced EAE. Thus, MBP-specific TGF-β-secreting regulatory cells recovered from Peyer's patches after a single oral administration of MBP are not evident as measured by proliferation, but are capable of suppressing in vitro and in vivo cell-mediated immune responses. Peyer's patches appear to be an important site for the induction of cells which mediate the active suppression component of oral tolerance.
Cellular and metabolic tolerance to an opioid narcotic in mouse brain

Summary 1 Running activity and brain levorphanol concentration were measured in nontolerant and tolerant mice given various doses of 3H-levorphanol. 2 The principal factor responsible for tolerance in the mouse is a loss of sensitivity to the narcotic drug at the cellular level in brain; despite adequate brain concentrations, the pharmacological effects are diminished or absent. 3 There is also metabolic tolerance; a given dose establishes a lower brain concentration in tolerant than in non-tolerant animals. 4 The two kinds of tolerance are distinguished here and the contribution of each is assessed.
Age-Season Adjustment Factors for Milk and Fat of Dairy Goats

Abstract Milk and fat yield records on 3,481 lactations were obtained from a cooperating dairy goat herd in California to examine correction factors for age and season for milking does. Breeds were Alpine, LaMancha, Nubian, Saanen, and Toggenberg. Saanens had the highest average yield for all lactations for milk and fat, 977 and 34 kg. Nubians had the lowest yields but the highest fat percent, 3.8%. Milk and fat yield were influenced by age, month, and year of freshening of doe. The interaction of age of doe by breed was not an important source of variation for either trait, indicating one set of adjustment factors could suffice for all breeds. The highest milk and fat yield occurred in does ≥ 40 mo of age freshening in January and February.
Amorphization by mechanical alloying

The solid state amorphization methods of mechanical alloying (MA) of mixtures of elemental powders and mechanical milling (MM) of single component powder (intermetallic compound or element) are discussed. The mechanism for amorphization by MA is probably a variation of amorphization by interdiffusion of thin film diffusion couples with the added complication of the defects produced by plastic deformation. Mechanical milling of an equilibrium crystalline phase increases the crystal's free energy such that the crystalline-to-amorphous transition is favored. The defects introduced by plastic deformation give rise to such an increase in energy. Recent MM results are discussed which show that the stored energy of cold work introduced by ball milling can be large, and in pure Si and the Ni3Al intermetallic, the defects probably responsible for amorphization are the microcrystalline grain boundaries.
Synthesis and Characterization of Second-Generation Dialkylphenacylsulfonium Salt Photoinitiators

A new, simplified method for the synthesis of dialkylphenacylsulfonium salt cationic photoinitiators has been developed. This novel method was successfully used for the preparation of dialkylphenacylsulfonium salts bearing a wide variation in the length and structure of the alkyl chains as well as the light absorbing aryl ketone chromophores and the anions. Modification of the lengths of the alkyl chains permits the design of compatible photoinitiators for highly nonpolar monomers and oligomers such as epoxy functional silicones, epoxidized polybutadiene and vegetable oils. This article describes the synthesis and characterization of these photoinitiators.
Microstrip patch antenna panel for large aperture L-band phased array

This paper describes the design and development of a large, lightweight antenna panel for an active phased array operating at L-band. The panel was developed under a JPL program of technology development for space based radar. It utilizes dual-stacked patch elements that are interconnected with a corporate feed manifold of striplines. This paper focuses on the electromagnetic design and performance of the radiating elements, with emphasis on scan performance, and also addresses mechanical and thermal aspects of the panel. The element in the array environment has a bandwidth of more than 80MHz centered at 1260MHz and is fed so that it can radiate orthogonal linear polarizations. The envisioned phased array, with a nominal aperture of 50m times 2m, is designed to scan plusmn45 degrees in azimuth and plusmn20 degrees in elevation. The panel of radiating elements has a mass density of 3.9 kg/m2, which represents approximately 50% of the target 8kg/m2 total panel mass density that includes T/R modules and feed manifolds
The “Fit” Model of Personal Control and Well-Being in Younger and Older Adults

The much studied concept of personal control has delineated separate constructs of perceived control (PC) and desired control (DC), with some findings suggesting a congruence between the two has more predictive power than considering either alone. The present study focuses on a comparison of PC and DC in two age groups. The congruence (or “fit”) model predicts that any disparity between these two constructs would be similar, regardless of age differences on either construct alone, for those who maintain a sense of well-being. Consistent with this model, although younger women reported significantly higher scores on measures of PC and DC than did older women, the groups reported equal degrees of congruence between PC and DC. In regression analysis, the congruence score also was a significant predictor of positive affect for the older group, suggesting that it is beneficial to make control adaptations with age.
Microcladia exserta sp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) from the East coast of South Africa

Microcladia exserta, a new species of the red algal genus Microcladia Greville (Ceramiaceae, Ceramiales), is described from the Natal coast of South Africa. This small, creeping alga, an epiphyte on the coralline alga Amphiroa anceps (Lamarck) Decaisne, is distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characteristics: the prostrate habit, the exerted position of the tetrasporangia, and the presence in the cortex of numerous and conspicuous vesicle cells. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the criterion of an erect habit in Microcladia vs. a prostrate habit in Herpochondria used to separate these genera is not sound.
Putnam Trivia for the 90s

(2000). Putnam Trivia for the 90s. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 107, No. 8, pp. 733-735.
Inkjet-printed electrochromic devices utilizing polyaniline–silica and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–silica colloidal composite particles

Polyanline (PANI)–silica and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)–silica colloidal composite particles having a diameter of 200–300 nm were synthesized, then converted to intrinsically conducting polymer (ICP)-inks viasolvent exchange. These inks could be inkjet-printed on indium tin oxide-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (ITO-PET film) using a commercial desktop inkjet printer. These PANI–silica or PEDOT–silica/ITO-PET assemblies were utilized as the active layer in electrochromic devices (ECDs). A number of devices were fabricated that exhibited 500 µm size patterning and utilized spatially controlled printing of the particles to allow for a dual image display. In addition, the PANI and PEDOT-based particles were blended into a single ICP ink that allowed for a wider absorption tuning range of the final ECD.
Theory of protein crystal nucleation and growth controlled by solvent evaporation

The driving force for protein crystallization is the supersaturation. In the case of crystal growth in a hanging drop, the supersaturation at early times is controlled by the dynamics of solvent evaporation and is largely independent of the rate of appearance of the crystals. This permits the equations of Johnson, Mehl, Avrami, and Kolomogrov to be integrated using the classic model for crystal nucleation and the spiral dislocation model for crystal growth. As results one obtains a formula for the number of crystals in the drop and another formula for their average size. The parameters in these formulae include either explicitly or implicitly the protein mass, temperature, pH, and ionic strength, which are the independent variables known experimentally to influence the overall rate of protein crystallization.
Effect of adrenalectomy on the circadian rhythm of LTP

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of hippocampal granule cells was studied in vivo at various times during the light-dark cycle in both intact control and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats. Both groups of rats demonstrated a circadian rhythm of LTP, however the rhythmicity of the ADX animals was the opposite to that found in intact controls. Thus, in experiments performed during the dark phase, intact control animals demonstrated more LTP than did the ADX animals. During the light period ADX animals demonstrated more LTP than intact controls. These data suggest that adrenal hormones play a role in regulating the circadian rhythm of LTP.
Using Leaf Gas Exchange to Quantify Drought in Cotton Irrigated Based on Canopy Temperature Measurements

Plant gas exchange provides a highly sensitive measure of the degree of drought stress to which a crop is exposed. However, equipment costs and time requirements for gas exchange measurements are major obstacles to the use of gas exchange measurements in real-time irrigation scheduling systems. Canopy temperature (Tc) provides a much easier to acquire indication of crop water deficit that has been used in irrigation scheduling systems, but interpretation of this measurement has proven difficult. Our goal was to test the ability of Tc to quantify the degree of crop water deficit by comparing T c with simultaneous measurements of leaf-level gas exchange parameters, which were viewed as alternative indicators of water deficit. To provide a wide range of plant water deficit conditions for the comparison of Tc with leaf-level gas exchange parameters, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was subsurface drip irrigated using T c according to the stress-time index method of irrigation scheduling during two growing seasons. Comparisons between T c and leaf-level gas exchange were accomplished by measuring T c diurnally with hand-held infrared thermometers and controlling cuvette leaf temperature (T L ) equal to T c and then measuring leaf level net assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (g) at a photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) level of 1500 umol (photons) m -2 s -1 . In general, as plant water deficit became more severe, leaf level gas exchange tended to decline with rising T L . However, we found that A and g could vary by more than twofold at a given T L , indicating that T C was not a particularly robust indicator of the degree of drought stress. Furthermore, we found the leaf minus air temperature differential (T L - T a ) and vapor pressure deficit calculated based on leaf temperature (VPD L ) were better predictors of the degree of drought stress, as indicated by gas exchange parameters, than T L alone. Regression of A and g against (T L - T a ) and VPD L indicated that the combination of these two variables accounted for >79% of the variability in A and g. We conclude that the term (T C - T a ) either alone or in combination with VPD should provide a better predictor of the degree of drought stress in cotton than T c alone.
Recognition by anti-Fab antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis of structure(s) widely distributed on human Fab molecules.

Anti-Fab antibodies (aFABA) of restricted clonality and acidic spectrotypes were isolated from the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These aFABA reacted with multiple populations of pooled human Fab molecules, which had been charge separated by chromatofocusing techniques (CF), indicating that the structures recognized by these aFABA were present on a polyclonal population of Fab molecules. The structures were also widely distributed among the Fab repertoires of normal individuals, as well as individual autologous and heterologous RA patients. Thus, the aFABA did not appear to recognize highly restricted epitope(s), i.e. a private idiotope, limited in its expression to RA individuals. The determinants of the Fab molecules recognized by affinity purified aFABA could be defined by linear and/or conformational structures, depending upon the individual from which the aFABA were isolated. Additionally, some of the affinity purified aFABA also reacted with Fc fragments, suggesting the presence of epibody-like autoantibodies in this population. Lastly, size analysis of the circulating IgG4 aFABA complexes indicated that these autoantibodies were not complexed with intact IgG, but rather with a molecule of 40-60 kDa, further suggesting the potential for these autoantibodies to react with multiple antigens.
Enhanced Solubility, Stability, and Transcorneal Permeability of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Presence of Cyclodextrins

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on aqueous solubility, stability, and in vitro corneal permeability of delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC). Phase solubility of Δ8-THC was studied in the presence of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RMβCD) and sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin sodium salt (SβCD). Stability of Δ8-THC in 5% w/v aqueous CD solutions, as a function of pH, was studied following standard protocols. In vitro corneal permeation of Δ8-THC (with and without CDs) across excised rabbit cornea was also determined. Phase-solubility profile of Δ8-THC in the presence of both HPβCD and RMβCD was of the AP type, whereas, with SβCD an AL type was apparent. Aqueous solubility of Δ8-THC increased to 1.65, 2.4, and 0.64 mg/mL in the presence of 25% w/v HPβCD, RMβCD, and SβCD, respectively. Significant degradation of Δ8-THC was not observed within the study period at the pH values studied, except for at pH 1.2. Transcorneal permeation of Δ8-THC was dramatically improved in the presence of CDs. The results demonstrate that CDs significantly increase aqueous solubility, stability, and transcorneal permeation of Δ8-THC. Thus, topical ophthalmic formulations containing Δ8-THC and modified beta CDs may show markedly improved ocular bioavailability.
An Inverse Problem Approach to Stiffness Mapping for Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Early detection of breast cancer will continue to be crucial in improving patient survival rates. Our ultimate goal is to develop a system that automates, quantifies and enhances the resolution of the manual breast exam. In this study, we examine computational techniques which use breast surface force and deflection measurements to create detailed maps of the elastic modulus of the interior of the breast tissue. This approach is a reformulation of our earlier two-dimensional technique to make it more practical and we extend the approach to three dimensions. Finite element methods were used to model the tissue response (reaction force and surface displacements) to applied surface indentations. A variety of test cases with assumed tumour locations were defined, and ‘measured results’ were created. Numerical noise was added to these simulated measurements at two noise levels. A genetic algorithm was developed to identify the distribution of tissue material properties within the breast given the ‘measured’ re...
Leukemia gene expression: MLL rearrangements in AML and ALL

Comment on Ross et al, page [3679][1] Gene expression profiling of pediatric acute myelogenous leukemias identifies signatures associated with recurrent chromosomal translocations including an MLL -associated signature found in both AML and ALL. Gene expression profiling of cancer cells holds
Nonlinear gas oscillations in pipes. Part 1. Theory

The problem of forced acoustic oscillations in a pipe is studied theoretically. The oscillations are produced by a moving piston in one end of the pipe, while a variety of boundary conditions ranging from a completely closed to a completely open mouth at the other end are considered. All these boundary conditions are modelled by two parameters: a length correction and a reflexion coefficient equivalent to the acoustic impedance. The linear theory predicts large amplitudes near resonance and nonlinear effects become crucially important. By expanding the equations of motion in a series in the Mach number, both the amplitude and wave form of the oscillation are predicted there. In both the open- and closed-end cases the need for shock waves in some range of parameters is found. The amplitude of the oscillation is different for the two cases, however, being proportional to the square root of the piston amplitude in the closed-end case and to the cube root for the open end.
Sex-specific modulation of cell proliferation by socially relevant stimuli in the adult green treefrog brain (Hyla cinerea).

Social experience plays an important role in regulating the neural, physiological and hormonal changes that accompany the expression of reproductive behavior in vertebrates. This suite of functions is
Counseling Women in Behavioral Self-Direction.

After consciousness raising, what? Women who want to alter their socialized responses may learn the necessary skills from counselors. Teaching behavioral self-management principles in the context of women's sex role enculturation is a preventive as well as corrective approach to helping women develop increased personal effectiveness. It is also an important option for those who do not need therapy or who have found other skill training insufficient.
Two-photon ionization of lithium in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation

The two-photon ionization rate for the lithium atom is calculated in the time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation for a variety of intensities and photon frequencies. The time-dependent equation for the valence Hartree-Fock orbital is solved on a two-dimensional cylindrical-coordinate lattice using both fixed and variable grid spacings. The nonperturbative results are compared with previous perturbation-theory results at photon energies near the 2s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p single-photon resonance.
Distribution and role of bacterial nitrifying populations in nitrogen removal in aquatic treatment systems

Abstract The distribution and role of autotrophic nitrifying bacterial populations in nitrogen removal in aquatic macrophyte-based aquatic treatment systems (ATSs) was assessed. Pilot-scale systems using the macrophytesElodea nuttallii, Myriophyllum heterophyllum andLemna minor were used to evaluate macrophyte type and seasonal effects on nitrifier distributions. Distributions of pelagic, epiphytic and sedimentary nitrifiers were determined using a most probable number (MPN) microtechnique. Nitrifying populations are present in the reactors year-round. Season has no apparent effect on distribution. Relative abundances between pelagic, epiphytic and sedimentary populations are similar. Ammonium oxidizers are more abundant than nitrite oxidizers. Seasonal net ammonium removal rates, net nitrification rates and nitrogen budgets were also conducted onElodea nuttallii reactors. Rates of net ammonium removal and net nitrate production are very much affected by macrophyte productivity. The data suggest that nitrification is relatively constant but that reactor nitrate levels are governed both by macrophyte utilization of ammonium or nitrate and by denitrification. Mass balances on total nitrogen (TN) support these observations. WhenElodea nuttallii productivity is low, detrital sedimentation is the predominant nitrogen removal mechanism. When productivity is high, macrophyte uptake of ammonium or nitrate and dentrification are the predominant nitrogen removal mechanisms; thus indicating that nitrifiers play a significant role in nitrogen removal in ATSs. In terms of using ATSs for nitrogen control for sewered small communities, consideration of macrophyte type, harvesting strategy and detrital sediment collection and removal should be given to control effluent TN, ammonium and nitrate.
Management Strategies for Patients with KRAS Mutations

In an era of targeted therapies and personalized medicine, the search for predictive and prognostic biomarkers has reached the forefront in cancer research. Testing for KRAS mutation status in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) has now become standard of care, especially for patients being considered for treatment with antibodies to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Because metastatic CRC patients whose tumors harbor KRAS mutations do not respond to EGFR-targeting antibodies, their management is challenging. As our understanding of the role of KRAS mutations grows, new treatment strategies are being devised but are not yet ready for clinical use. In this review, we examine some of these potential strategies.
Characterization of the interaction between gastrin and its receptor in rat oxyntic gland mucosa.

Abstract A gastrin receptor, identified in crude membrane preparations of rat oxyntic gland mucosa, has an equilibrium dissociation constant ( K d ) of approx. 4·10 −10 M and a binding capacity of 4 fmol/ mg protein. The binding capacity was significantly lower after 2 dyas of fasting, parallel with a significant drop in serum gastrin levels; there was no change in K d . In order to verify Scatchard analysis and to determine if there was a coincident alteration in the association ( k +1 ) and dissociation ( k −1 ) rates in the fasted rat, a kinetics study was performed. Under our conditions, there appeared to be a single set of binding sites and the binding reaction obeyed first-order dissociation, and second-order association rate kinetics. Second-order association rate kinetics were validated by demonstrating the independence of the rate constants when there were alterations in the concentrations of reactants.The average k +1 was determined to be 2·10 6 M −1 ·s −1 . The average k −1 was determined to be 1·10 −3 s −1 . There was no significant change in the k +1 adn k −1 in fed and fasted rats. Fasting decrased the number of gastrin receptors without altering the affinity of the receptor for the hormone.
Food habits of Ictalurus nubulosus in acid polluted water of northern West Virginia

Abstract A qualitative and quantitative investigation of the food habits of the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus (LeSueur), was conducted between June and September, 1968, in the acid-polluted Monongahela River, West Virginia, and in Doe Pond, a small relatively pollution-free subimpoundment of the Tygart River Reservoir, West Virginia. Oligochaetes were the most important invertebrate food source in the Monongahela River, whereas chironomid larvae were the most important invertebrates consumed at Doe Pond. Also consumed were significant quantities of detritus and algae at Doe Pond, and sewage at outfall-associated sections of the Monongahela River. No qualitative difference in food habits was noted between different size groups of fish in either acid or non-acid situations. The bottom fauna of the Monongahela River were unevenly distributed; the most abundant organisms were oligochaetes, with chironomids ranked second. An Ivlev Electivity Index of -.06 was obtained for oligochaetes, indicating random ...
The tumor-promoting activity of 2-acetylaminofluorene is associated with disruption of the p53 signaling pathway and the balance between apoptosis and cell proliferation

Abstract The aromatic amine 2-acetylaminofluore (2-AAF) is a powerful complete genotoxic rat liver carcinogen that induces tumors without any additional interventions. While the tumor-initiating genotoxic activity of 2-AAF is well established, its tumor-promotion activity is far less understood. It is believed that the tumor-promoting property of 2-AAF is associated with selective enhancement of cell replication and sustained suppression of apoptosis in initiated cells. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of tumor-promoting events induced by 2-AAF-exposure. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed NIH-31 diet containing 0.02% of 2-AAF for 12 and 24 weeks, and the expression pattern of genes associated with the p53-signaling pathway and microRNA genes was determined in the livers of control and 2-AAF-fed rats. The results indicate that the tumor-promoting property of 2-AAF during hepatocarcinogenesis is associated predominantly with the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic growth-related genes and down-regulation of expression of pro-apoptotic genes. This disrupts the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, which leads to consequential unrestricted cell proliferation, especially of initiated cells. Also, the long-term-administration of 2-AAF resulted in disruption of regulatory miR-34a-p53 feed-back loop that mediates apoptosis. This was evidenced by an increased expression of miR-34a in response to genotoxic effects of 2-AAF in the absence of p53 up-regulation, and loss of regulatory control of mir-34a on SIRT1 function. Additionally, the livers of 2-AAF-exposed rats were characterized by the substantial deregulation of expression of miR-18, miR-21, miR-182, and miR-200 family, microRNAs involved in control of apoptosis/cell proliferation and cell–cell contact pathways, two major pathways disrupted during the promotion stage of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Communicating Deception: Differences in Language Use, Justifications, and Questions for Lies, Omissions, and Truths

The use of linguistics to detect deception is a growing field of study. This experiment used naturally-occurring deception to test the propositions and fundamental assumptions of this line of inquiry. One participant (allocator) was given 6 dollars to divide between herself and another participant (receiver). Receivers were not told how much money allocators received. In 1/3 of interactions, the recipient was deceived either with a lie or deceptive omission. Linguistic differences associated with deception (fewer first person pronouns) were found for lies and omission, but higher word count was only found for omission. We found no evidence of a relationship between negative emotion and linguistic factors related to emotion (negative emotion words, negations, pronouns). Coding of justifications found allocators used more justifications for their offers when recipient was suspicious. Liars used more justifications providing details about how they obtained the money. Justifications about offer fairness were related to increased detection accuracy.
Magnetic pumping of particles in the outer Jovian magnetosphere

The mechanism of magnetic pumping consists of two processes, the adiabatic motion of charged particles in a time varying magnetic field and their pitch-angle diffusion. The result is a systematic increase in the energy of charged particles trapped in mirror (and particularly, magnetospheric) magnetic fields. A numerical model of the mechanism is constructed, compared with analytic theory where possible, and, through elementary exercises, is used to predict the consequences of the process for cases that are not tractable by analytical means. For energy dependent pitch angle diffusion rates, characteristic 'two temperature' distributions are produced. Application of the model to the outer Jovian magnetosphere shows that beyond 20 Jupiter radii in the outer magnetosphere, particles may be magnetically pumped to energies of the order of 1 - 2 MeV. Two temperature distribution functions with "break points" at 1 - 4 KeV for electrons and 8 - 35 KeV for ions are predicted.
Double hit diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges

Although diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is curable with standard chemoimmunotherapy, over 30% of patients with advanced stage disease experience refractory disease or progression. Recent studies suggest that rearrangement of the myc oncogene occurs in approximately 10% of patients with DLBCL, and confers a very poor prognosis, particularly when there is concomitant rearrangement of bcl-2, a condition referred to as "double hit DLBCL". Using immunohistochemistry, up to 30% of patients have evidence of increased expression of myc, which occurs in both activated B-cell and germinal center type DLBCL. When bcl-2 is also positive by immunohistochemistry, prognosis is also poor. There are no randomized studies guiding treatment for patients with double hit DLBCL, but new datasets are emerging suggesting a possible role for dose-adjusted EPOCH infusional chemotherapy with rituximab. This review will conclude with a survey of novel agents which may be rationally incorporated into chemotherapy platforms for this high risk subset of DLBCL.
Biomechanical variables related to walking performance 6-months following post-stroke rehabilitation.

Abstract Background Body-weight supported treadmill training has been shown to be effective in improving walking speed in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects, and those that have shown improvements generally maintain them after the completion of rehabilitation. However, currently no biomechanical variables are known to be related to those who will either continue to improve or regress in their self-selected walking speed during the 6-month period following rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to identify those biomechanical variables that are associated with subjects who continue (or did not continue) to improve their self-selected walking speed following the completion of rehabilitation. Methods Experimental kinematic and kinetic data were recorded from 18 hemiparetic subjects who participated in a 6-month follow-up study after completing a 12-week locomotor training program that included stepping on a treadmill with partial body weight support and manual assistance. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine which biomechanical variables evaluated during the post-training session were related to changes in self-selected walking speed from post-training to a 6-month follow-up session. Findings Following the completion of rehabilitation, the majority of subjects increased or retained (i.e., did not change) their self-selected walking speed from post-training to the follow-up session. Post-training step length symmetry and daily step activity were positively related to walking speed improvements. Interpretation Motor control deficits that lead to persistent step length asymmetry and low daily step activity at the end of rehabilitation are associated with poorer outcomes six months after completion of the program.
Requirements and Design for a Special Gyro for Measuring General Relativity Effects from an Astronomical Satellite

L. I. Schiff has pointed out [1] that the principal experimental evidence to support the General Theory of Relativity beyond the Equivalence Principle is the measured precession of the perihelion of the orbit of the planet Mercury. (Other measured relativistic effects, including the red shift, can be explained on the basis of the Special Theory together with the Equivalence Principle, and do not constitute a test of the General Theory.)
The good, the bad, and the ugly of silicon debug

Silicon debug begins with the arrival of design prototypes and can continue well after a product has gone into production. It is perhaps the most exciting and challenging stage of the integrated circuit development process. This paper gives an overview of silicon debug, and describes tools and methods used during the debug process.
Classical Vibration Analysis of Axially Moving Continua

The equations of motion are cast in a canonical state space form defined by one symmetric and one skew-symmetric differential operator. When an equation of motion is represented in this form, the eigenfunctions are orthogonal with respect to each operator. Following this formulation, a classical vibration theory, comprised of a modal analysis and a Green's function method, is derived for the class of axially moving continua
GFAP inflammatory response to dextran-coated silicon electrodes

Recent advances in three-dimensional, confocal imaging techniques and image analysis software allow for previously unattainable measurements in the neural environment. Specifically, relative quantitative measurements of the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) surrounding a neural implant can be determined. In this study, dextran coatings have been applied to silicon neural implants. Dextran coatings have been shown to limit non-specific cell adhesion in vitro. Thus, it is believed that these coatings will limit the amount of gliosis surrounding a neural implant and ultimately improve signal-to-noise ratio. To test this hypothesis, Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with both dextran-coated and non-dextran-coated silicon electrodes. Using immunohistochemical staining in conjunction with confocal imaging and image analysis techniques, the differences in GFAP upregulation between dextran-coated and non-treated silicon neural implants were investigated.
Per User Throughput in Large Wireless Networks

Previous results show that a node's throughput scales poorly as the network size increases when every node has traffic. However, in many cases, only a fraction of nodes in large networks have data to send or receive at any given time, while other nodes can act as relays/routers. Therefore, in this paper, we study the scaling behavior from a user's viewpoint (a user is a node with traffic). We first derive an upper bound on per user throughput. To derive the lower bound, we propose a simple scheduling scheme that enables users to cooperate with relay nodes and fully utilize the networks capacity. We show that per user throughput depends on the network size, the number of users, and the node deployment schemes, and is in general much more optimistic. Our scheme also sheds light on designing efficient cooperation protocols in heterogeneous networks and cognitive radio networks.
Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, Postclassic Chronology

The Postclassic period in central Mexico was characterized by enormous population growth and expansion of settlement, but the timing of the onset of these processes has been poorly understood. Obsidian tools from residential contexts at the Late Postclassic village of Cihuatecpan in the Teotihuacan Valley have been analyzed to determine the extent of hydration, and thus the amount of time elapsed since the tools were manufactured. Estimated dates of manufacture range between a.d. 1221 and 1568, consistent with ethnohistoric accounts of the timing of establishment of Cihuatecpan and other rural villages, and their abandonment in the Early Colonial period. Ceramics found in the same contexts as the obsidian tools include Black-on-orange types, such as III, which may have come into use in the thirteenth century. This experiment in relative and absolute dating accords with other current research, indicating a needed revision of traditional chronologies toward an earlier onset of major processes.
The act frequency analysis of interpersonal dispositions: Aloofness, gregariousness, dominance and submissiveness1

A series of studies explores the act frequency analysis of personal dispositions, which entails the identification of categories of prototypical acts, delineation of internal structuring within act categories (from central to peripheral), and the assessment of individuals' dispositions in terms of the relative frequency of performing prototypical acts over a period of observation. These studies were designed to replicate the research of Buss and Craik (1980) on dominance. Through nomination procedures, 100 acts were assembled for each of three dispositions: aloofness, gregariousness, and submissiveness. The internal structure of these categories was examined through judgments of the degree to which each act is a prototypical member of the category. Prototypicality judgments for each act category by three independent panels display a substantial degree of composite reliability. Multiple-act criteria based on highly prototypical acts are predicted with significantly greater success by relevant personality scales than are multiple-act criteria based on more peripheral acts within each category. This finding holds for dominance, replicating the Buss and Craik study, and for aloofness and gregariousness. The multiple-act criteria for submissiveness, however, are not well predicted by matching personality scales. This anomaly is discussed in terms of the bipolarity of behavioral domains, the selection of matching personality scales for specific act categories, and the appropriate conceptualization of submissiveness.
Topological relations from metric refinements

Naive Geography's premise "Topology matters, metric refines" calls for metric properties that provide opportunities for finergrained distinctions than the purely qualitative topological relations. This paper defines a comprehensive set of eleven metric refinements that apply to the eight coarse topological relations between two regions that the 9-intersection and the Region-Connection Calculus identify and develops the applicable value ranges for each metric refinement. It is shown that any topological relation between two regions can be derived uniquely from the conjunction of at most three such refinement specifications (i.e., pairs of metric refinements and applicable value ranges). The smallest set of refinement specifications that determine uniquely all eight relations resorts to six of the eleven metric refinements.
Embedded-software-based approach to testing crosstalk-induced faults at on-chip buses

Crosstalk effects on long interconnects are becoming significant for high-speed circuits. This paper addresses the problem of testing crosstalk-induced faults at on-chip buses in system-on-a-chip (SOC) designs. We propose a method to self-test on-chip buses at-speed, by executing an automatically synthesized program using on-chip processor cores. The test program, executed at system operational speed, can activate and capture the worst-case crosstalk effects on buses and achieve a complete coverage of crosstalk-induced logical and delay faults. This paper discusses the method and the framework for synthesizing such a test program. Based on the bus protocol, the instruction set architecture of an on-chip processor core, and the system specification, the method generates deterministic tests in the form of instruction sequences. The synthesized test program is highly modularized and compact. The experimental results show that, for testing interconnects between a processor core and any other on-chip core, a 3 K-byte program is sufficient to achieve the complete coverage for crosstalk-induced logical and delay faults.
Self-aligned p-channel MISFET with a low-temperature-grown GaAs gate insulator

A new p-channel GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MISFET) using low-temperature-grown (LTG) GaAs as the gate insulator is demonstrated. Neither the GaAs conducting channel nor the gate insulator was doped, and a Be self-aligned implant was used to lower the source and drain series resistance. For a MISFET with a 1.5-/spl mu/m gate length, the transconductance is 22 mS/mm and the maximum drain current is 120 mA/mm obtained at -8 V of gate bias. The measured unity-current-gain cut-off frequency f/sub T/ is 2.0 GHz.
Coordinated responses to honey bee decline in the USA

In response to successive years of high honey bee mortality, the United States Congress mandated the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to increase funding for research and education directed at reducing honey bee decline. The funding follows two administrative streams within USDA — one through the USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and another through the USDA National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA). ARS is funding an Areawide Project operated by the four ARS honey bee labs, and NIFA is funding through a competitive grant process a Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) operated by scientists and educators heavily represented by state colleges of agriculture. Each project — Areawide and CAP — is characterized as a consortium of investigators working in a coordinated manner to reduce institutional redundancy and optimize the discovery and delivery of sustainable bee management practices to client beekeepers.
Religious Experience in Hindu Tradition

This article argues against the popular stereotype of religious experience having been invented by modern scholars. It examines understandings of religious experience from a variety of Hindu traditions, from the Vedas to the present.
Sand Topdressing Applications Improve Shear Strength and Turfgrass Density on Trafficked Athletic Fields

7.0% silt, and 3.0% clay) was topdressed at a 0.25-inch depth [2.0 lb/ft 2 (dry weight)] per application, providing cumulative topdressing depths of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 inches applied from 11 July to 15 Aug. 2007. Fall traffic was applied twice weekly to all treatments from 10 Oct. to 3 Nov. 2007. In 2008, topdressing applications and traffic, asdescribed earlier, were repeated on the sameexperimental plots. Results obtained from this research suggest that the 0.5-inch topdressing depth applied over a 5-week period in the summer will provide improved shoot density and surface shear strength in the subsequent fall. Results also suggest that topdressingratesasthickas4.0inchesaccumulatedovera2-yearperiodwillprovide increased shoot density, but diminished surface shear strength.
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin (IO) in Combination with Low-Intensity Chemotherapy (mini-hyper-CVD) as Frontline Therapy for Older Patients (pts) and as Salvage Therapy for Adult with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Follow-up (mo) 13[l-29] 10[1-14] Age (y) 68 [60-79] 35[9-87] Salvage 1 19 (54) Salvage 2 16 (46) CR 21 (81) 18 (35) Combination with Low-Intensity Chemotherapy (mini-hyper-CVD) as Frontline Therapy for Older Patients (pts) and as Salvage Therapy for Adult with Relapsed/Refractory (R/R) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) CRp 4 (15) 6 (17) Cri 0 1 (3) Neg MRD at D21 overall 17/22 (77) 26/26 (100) Early death 0 6 (17) ORR 25 (96) 25 (71) PFS,% at 1y, 87 at 6mo, 79 OS,% at 1y, 78 at 6mo, 58 Median (mo) Not reached 7 Elias Jabbour, Susan O’Brien, Deborah Thomas, Koji Sasaki, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Farhad Ravandi, Gautam Borthakur, Sergermne York, Rebecca Garris, Jorge Cortes, Hagop Kantarjian Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center