cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Responses of First-Instar Western Corn Root worm (Coleoptera: Chrysomeli dae ) to Carbon Dioxide in a Glass Bead Bioassay

A behavioral bioassay was developed to test responses of newly hatched (neonate) larvae of western corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte to volatile compounds from corn plants, a major host for this insect. A glass Y -tube filled with glass beads was used to allow choice tests in a vertical direction and to reproduce the thigmotactic cues available to larvae in their natural soil environment. A syringe pump was used to provide slow, consistent delivery of candidate compounds to the 2 sides of the apparatus. Significantly more larvae were attracted to the side containing a germinating corn seed than to the side containing ambient air. In addition, significantly more larvae were attracted to the side containing cut corn roots than to the side containing an ambient air control. Carbon dioxide (CO2) from corn roots previously has been implicated as an attractant for the larvae, and dose-response curves for larval attraction to Co2 were obtained using different sources (different dilutions of carbonated water, the head space over a carbonated water dilution, and different concentrations of CO2 in air). The CO2 concentrations for all sources were measured by mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring at m/e 44.Neonate larvae were significantly attracted to concentrations of CO2 as low as 1.125 ± 0.04mmol/mol (concentration of CO2 in ambient air on the control side was 0.99 ± 0.02 mmol/mol). Larvae were optimally attracted to 2.51-4.20 mmol/mol CO2, but they were attracted to concentrations as high as 100 mmol/mol. Larvae were not attracted to 300 or 900 mmol/mol CO2, and they exhibited toxic symptoms at these high concentrations. The concentration of CO2 in soil near growing com roots was 4.36 ± 0.31 mmol/mol, which was consistent with the behavioral optimum for the larvae. The concentration of CO2 in soil that contained no corn was 1.38 ± 0.03 mmol/mol and the concentration in ambient air was 0.94 ± 0.01 mmol/mol.
Preterm Infants in Pain: Nurses' and Physicians' Perceptions

Within the past few years, the assumption that preterm infants experience little or no pain has been challenged in nursing and medical literature. It is not clear to what extent changes have taken ...
Laser-induced resonance in a forward-facing cavity at Mach 4

An experimental study of a blunt nose with a forward-facing, cylindrical cavity was conducted in a Mach 4, quiet-flow wind tunnel. The length of the cavity, L, was varied while the diameter, D, was fixed. A pressure transducer, located at the cavity base, measured pressure fluctuations. Under noisy windtunnel conditions, cavity oscillation amplitudes were about 0.4%. Conversely, under quiet-flow conditions, cavity oscillation amplitudes were on the order of 0.04%. This was near the electronic noise floor of the pressure transducer signal. For the first time, controlled perturbations were used to characterize the unsteady response of the cavity. A recently developed laser perturbation system created controlled, repeatable, and localized disturbances upstream of the bow shock. These disturbances convected with the flow, impinged on the nose, and caused the cavity to resonate. As the cavity length was increased, the resonant frequencies were found to decrease. Furthermore, the decay time of the resonance increased with increasing cavity length. The cavity response to a small perturbation was modeled as a linear, secondorder system.
Meso-inositol requirement of HeLa and human conjunctival cells.

SummaryA concentration of meso-inositol of at least 4 μM was necessary for maximum multiplication of human conjunctival cells grown in vitro. Inositol was found to be essential for multiplication of HeLa cells.
The Standard of Proof of Intellectual Disability in Georgia The Execution of Warren Lee Hill

Despite being the first state to abolish the capital punishment of defendants with intellectual disability (ID), Georgia is currently the only state to uphold what is considered to be the most stringent standard of proof of ID in the United States: beyond a reasonable doubt. Other states have implemented less stringent standards of proof (i.e., a preponderance of the evidence and clear and convincing evidence). Although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the execution of persons with ID unconstitutional in the 2002 Atkins decision, states are at this juncture considered to have a great deal of discretion in defining what constitutes ID. In addition to raising concerns about the Eighth Amendment’s protection against cruel and unusual punishment, variation between state-determined definitions of ID raises important questions of equal protection of the law. On January 27, 2015, Mr. Warren Lee Hill was executed by method of lethal injection in the state of Georgia after the U.S. Supreme Court denied Mr. Hill’s clai...
Effects of Ti/Al on Microstructures of Mg-4Zn-3.5Y-0.8Ca-0.5Si Alloys

The effects of Ti/Al on of Mg-4Zn-3.5Y-0.8Ca-0.5Y-0.8Ca-0.5Si magnesium alloys were investigated.The results showed that coarse α-Mg dendrites and thick and continuously connected grain boundaries exist in the Mg-4Zn-3.5Y-0.8Ca-0.5Y-0.8Ca-0.5Si alloys due to significant solute re-distributions during solidification.With small amount addition of Ti or Al the solid solubility of Zn in α-Mg is increased and the disconnected thin grain boundaries are formed.The non-equilibrium solidification of the alloy is transformed to near-equilibrium solidification.
Outpatient Drug Consultation Investigation and Analysis of this Hospital

Objective Analysis of medication consultation in outpatient department in our hospital summary,promote clinical rational drug use,to improve the quality of pharmaceutical care in this hospital. Methods Take retrospective analysis method,in accordance with the advice of the crowd,consultation,consultation of drugs for statistical analysis. Results Counseling and the majority of patients or their families( 84. 8%),consulting content diversity,the usage and dosage are more( 41. 3%),type of drug counseling to antibiotics( 23. 9%). Conclusion Drug consultation to play an important role in improving the quality of medical service,is helpful to improve the compliance of patients with medication,to ensure safe and effective medication.
Recruitment: Negotiation in Action

The most important thing a dean does is recruit good chairs, and the most important thing a chair does is hire the best faculty. You can’t have a good program without good faculty, so recruiting well is an essential skill. This chapter offers an approach that will maximize your chances of success in selecting the best candidate. Two styles of negotiating are presented. The first is a traditional approach and is premised on positional negotiation. The second is preferred by us and is based on issue-oriented negotiation. It offers the advantage of creating a cooperative relationship between the negotiator and the one with whom he or she is negotiating, rather than an adversarial one. It also gives the one conducting the negotiation greater information about the analytic skills and emotional intelligence of the candidate and thus increases the chances of picking the best candidate. And, finally, it offers the advantage that the recruitment package is largely negotiated by the time the committee provides its final list, as are the goals by which the candidate will be evaluated.
Tonsillectomies and respiratory complications in children: A look at pre-op polysomnography risk factors and post-op admissions

Abstract Objective To identify predictors of post-operative respiratory complications in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Methods Consecutive case series with chart review of children who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and subsequent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with craniofacial anomalies or significant cardiopulmonary comorbidities were excluded. Rates of post-surgical respiratory complication were reviewed and compared to patient specific factors and PSG findings to identify possible risk factors. Results Eighty-six patients (mean age 5.3 ± 2.2 years) were included. There was a statistically significant (p = 0.03) relationship between an AHI ≥40 (AHI40) and post-operative respiratory complications. AHI40 also had the greatest magnitude of association with postoperative respiratory complications (OR = 5.313). An AHI ≥25 (AHI25) was marginally significant (p = 0.067). No significant difference in outcome occurrence was found when analyzing rates of complication in patients with BMI above and below 18 (p = 0.20) or oxygen (O2) nadir above and below 80% (p = 0.09). The AHI ranged from 0 to 112.2, and no postoperative respiratory complications were identified in children with an AHI less than 10. Conclusions Our results indicate an association between an AHI ≥40 and respiratory complications following an adenotonsillectomy, but we were not able to observe any significant difference at a cutoff of 25. An association between BMI or O2 nadir and postoperative respiratory complication was not able to be identified. Our results support the importance of AHI as a predictor of postoperative respiratory complications in children undergoing tonsillectomy for OSA.
Abstract 675: Ninjurin1, a target of p53, modulates p53-dependent tumor suppressionin vivo

The nerve injury-induced protein 1 (Ninjurin1, Ninj1), a homophilic adhesion molecule, is involved in nerve regeneration, inflammation and vascular regression. Ninj1 is found to be overexpressed in human cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the role of Ninj1 in tumorigenesis has not been elucidated. Recently, we found that Ninj1 is transcriptionally regulated by p53, which in turn regulates p53 expression through mRNA translation. Thus, the mutual regulation between p53 and Ninj1 represents a novel loop in the p53 pathway. To examine the biological significance of the p53-Ninj1 loop, we generated and monitored 4 cohorts of mice: (i) WT, (ii) Ninj1-het, (iii) p53-null, (iv) Ninj1-het; p53-null. We found that Ninj1-het mice were highly prone to skin lesions. We also found that Ninj1 deficiency shortened the life-span but decreased the incidence of sarcoma in mice without p53. Additionally, we found that Ninj1-het; p53-null mice were prone to hydrocephalus and kidney abnormality. To examine the association of Ninj1 with mutant p53, we generated and characterized Ninj1+/-; p53 R270H/- and p53 R270H/- mice. We found that Ninj1 deficiency shortened the life-span and promoted the frequency and aggressiveness of tumors in p53 R270H/- mice. Together, we conclude that Ninj1 differently regulates the tumor susceptibility in a p53-dependent manner in vivo and that the Ninj1-p53 loop plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression and longevity. Citation Format: Hee Jung Yang, Seong Jun Cho, Jin Zhang, Wensheng Yan, Xinbin Chen. Ninjurin1, a target of p53, modulates p53-dependent tumor suppression in vivo. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 675.
Optimality for Coherent Systems When Dimensionality Is not Specified: Regular Simplex Coding

The variational approach to the signal-design problem described in the previous chapter was developed and exploited by Balakrishnan in obtaining the first known results on the optimality of the regular simplex signal structure when no restrictions are placed on the dimensionality of the signal space. We now develop these results for their own interests, as well as their applicability to the general problem with constraints on the dimensionality D. As shown in the previous chapter, the class of α for which D(α) = 0 contains all of the optimal α. Also, we concluded that the maximum value necessary for D is M − 1. Therefore, even in this case of no bandwidth restriction, only a finite bandwidth is required for the optimal signal set. This again does not violate Shannon’s channel-capacity theorem, since M and T can vary there but are fixed and finite here.
Eudemonism or Survivalism? Jefferson and the Unwritten Laws of Self-Preservation

Jefferson states that in certain dire circumstances—e.g., when a person’s life is at stake or when a belligerent nation threatens the existence of another—the legal pacts between those persons or nations, and even the laws of morality, are left in abeyancy. Survival of the threatened person or nation is the only thing that matters, and any actions that conduce to survival are justifiable. Self-preservation in such cases trumps all considerations—even moral considerations. The right to existence then, seems to be the first axiom of morality, lex suprema, for Jefferson in such scenarios. Virtuous living is ancillary. Jefferson seems to be advocating a sort of moral or egoistic “survivalism.” For ancient eudemonists like Aristotle and the Stoics, happiness is the end of living, and a life without the prospect of happiness, of which virtue is the key or sole ingredient, is not worth living. All the goods or conveniences of life, without virtue, cannot make a person anything but miserable. In sum, virtuous living, not living, is the human telos (the Stoics), or the chief part of it (Aristotle). And so, survival without the prospect of virtue is valueless. Is Jefferson a eudemonist or a moral survivalist? Are the two positions reconcilable? In this essay, I argue that the difficult passages, mostly of a political sort, do not lead to moral survivalism, but are instead consistent with the unique eudemonism Jefferson embraced.
Pediatric myasthenia gravis: a review.

Myasthenia gravis refers to a group of diseases affecting the neuromuscular junction resulting in muscle weakness. The clinical hallmark of this condition is skeletal muscle weakness that worsens with sustained or repetitive muscle activation, caused via disruption of neuromuscular transmission by antibodies directed most commonly against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Transient neonatal myasthenia gravis is caused by the crossing of antibodies from a myasthenic mother to her developing child, while juvenile myasthenia gravis involves the production of antibodies by the child's own immune system against neuromuscular junction components. Ptosis and extraocular muscle weakness are common presenting symptoms of juvenile myasthenia gravis and may be accompanied by, or progress to, generalized weakness. Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis relies on careful neurological examination, supported by additional diagnostic modalities which may include the patient's response to short-acting cholinesterase inhibitors, serum testing for causative antibodies, or electromyography. Management options include cholinesterase inhibitors for symptomatic treatment, immunosuppression with corticosteroids or steroid-sparing immunosuppressants, and thymectomy when a thymoma is identified on imaging.
Multistep inversion workflow for 3D long-offset damped elastic waves in the Fourier domain

We present a new workflow for imaging damped three-dimensional elastic wavefields in the Fourier domain. The workflow employs a multiscale imaging approach, in which offset lengths are laddered, where frequency content and damping of the data are changed cyclically. Thus, the inversion process is launched using short-offset and low-frequency data to recover the long spatial wavelength of the image at a shallow depth. Increasing frequency and offset length leads to the recovery of the fine-scale features of the model at greater depths. For the fixed offset, we employ (in the imaging process) a few discrete frequencies with a set of Laplace damping parameters. The forward problem is solved with a finite-difference frequency-domain method based on a massively parallel iterative solver. The inversion code is based upon the solution of a least squares optimisation problem and is solved using a nonlinear gradient method. It is fully parallelised for distributed memory computational platforms. Our full-waveform inversion workflow is applied to the 3D Marmousi-2 and SEG/EAGE Salt models with long-offset data. The maximum inverted frequencies are 6 Hz for the Marmousi model and 2 Hz for the SEG/EAGE Salt model. The detailed structures are imaged successfully up to the depth approximately equal to one-third of the maximum offset length at a resolution consistent with the inverted frequencies.
Organ Dysfunction in Sepsis: Brain, Neuromuscular, Cardiovascular, and Gastrointestinal

Sepsis-related organ dysfunction is common, complex, and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Organ failure manifests in myriad ways in sepsis, mediated by a complex interplay between inflammation and endothelial and coagulation dysfunction incited by the infectious insult. Given the prevalence and life-support strategies frequently required to address sepsis-related respiratory and renal failure, respiratory failure and acute kidney injury are covered in separate chapters. In this chapter, we detail non-pulmonary, non-renal sepsis-associated organ dysfunction. We begin by examining neurologic complications of sepsis, followed by examination of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal organ dysfunction.
Drug-Resistant Surgical Failure

A 45-year-old right-handed Caucasian male was referred for evaluation of drug-resistant localization-related epilepsy. His seizures were characterized by an abrupt onset of staring with behavioral arrest, lip smacking, and transient impairment of consciousness. Occasionally, his focal seizures evolved into generalized seizures. His epilepsy had been refractory to multiple antiepileptic medications, so he underwent a comprehensive evaluation including an MRI of the brain which was normal. Prolonged video-EEG monitoring recorded seizures of left frontotemporal onset. He subsequently underwent surgical placement of intracranial electrodes for intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring. He was implanted with an electrode array providing left frontotemporal coverage for definitive lobar localization and to provide language mapping using electrical cortical stimulation, if necessary. Re-monitoring with iEEG demonstrated left temporal lobe onset for his typical seizures. He underwent en bloc left temporal lobectomy. He was seizure free for 2 months after his resective surgery, though unfortunately his seizures returned and again he manifested drug-resistance. Subsequently, he returned for reevaluation. Brain MRI (Fig. 33.1) showed only anticipated postoperative changes. Postoperative scalp video-EEG monitoring again recorded seizures of left temporal onset (Fig. 33.2).
Increasing the Complement of Therapeutic Options in Bullous Pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid is a potentially life-threatening autoantibody-mediated dermatosis characterized by blister formation. Experimental mouse models of bullous pemphigoid feature complement-induced inflammation and tissue damage. Kasprick et al. now provide preclinical data that utilize ex vivo human skin assays and support testing of complement inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in human bullous pemphigoid.
Multiple Eyelid Cysts (Apocrine and Eccrine Hidrocystomas, Trichilemmal Cyst, and Hybrid Cyst) in a Patient With a Prolactinoma.

A 53-year-old man presented with smooth-domed, variegated cysts (polycystic disease) of all 4 eyelids, worse on the left side. Some of the cysts were clear, while others were creamy-white colored. In addition, multiple, very fine vesicopapules were noted along the eyelid margins. Histopathologic examination revealed a trichilemmal cyst, several pure apocrine hidrocystomas displaying multiple chambers, a hybrid cyst, and many small eccrine cysts of the deep dermis. The apocrine lesions, including the small ones at the eyelid margins, predominated. Smooth muscle actin sometimes positively stained outer myoepithelial cells in some of the apocrine cysts, which helped to distinguish them from eccrine cysts. Most noteworthy was the fact that the patient had been diagnosed with a prolactinoma 20 years earlier. There is only 1 previous report of multiple apocrine cysts and an antecedent prolactinoma in the dermatologic literature. This syndrome should be separated from that of Schopf-Schulz-Passarge, which manifests multiple small eyelid apocrine cysts and other ectodermal dysplasias without any association with neoplasia, and from that of focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz-Gorlin) syndrome with apocrine cysts but again without neoplasia.
Bringing the Heat Home: Television Spots about Local Impacts Reduce Global Warming Denialism

Efforts to educate the general public about global warming and the potential policy solutions that could mitigate its effects have relied on the diffusion of facts. But, cognitive scientists have d...
Spectral and directional properties of elliptical quantum-dot microlasers

We have fabricated microdisk lasers of colloidal quantum dots in circular and elliptical forms with different aspect ratios. By characterizing the laser emission spectrum under optical pumping and through mode simulation calculations, we demonstrate that the elliptical resonators can display two sets of whispering-gallery modes that interact to varying degrees depending on the aspect ratio. This causes significant mode splitting in the emission spectra when the mode interaction is at maximum. We also performed angular-dependent laser emission measurements for characterizing the emission pattern of the microlasers. We found that the emission pattern becomes less isotropic and more directional as the boundary deviates further from circular symmetry. In addition, we demonstrate that the emission directional properties of these microlasers can be further tailored by coupling pairs of elliptical microcavities together in different manners, where the long or short elliptical axis interacts most strongly.
A Galerkin Radial Basis Function Method for Nonlocal Diffusion

We introduce a meshfree Galerkin method for solving nonlocal diffusion problems. Radial basis functions are used to construct an approximation scheme that requires only scattered nodes with no triangulation. A quadrature scheme specific to radial basis functions is implemented to produce a Galerkin radial basis function method that yields fast assembly of a sparse stiffness matrix. We provide numerical evidence for convergence rates using one and two dimensional nonlocal problems.
Parenting and Parent-Child Relationships in Chile

This chapter reviews scholarly literature and theory related to parenting and parent-child/adolescent relationships in Chile. Consistent with most other societies, families play an important role in Chilean society, a fundamental aspect of which is the parent-child relationship. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the country itself and then an introductory description of Chilean society and family life. Following this is an overview of parenting and parent-child relationships in Chile that is based on previous studies as well as insights from existing data sets (e.g., the Global School-Based Student Health Survey Chile from the World Health Organization and the Cross National Adolescent Social Competence Study). Key parenting practices are both prevalent and related to outcomes in theoretically relevant ways among Chilean families. Many of the findings are similar to what one would expect to find in the United States or other Western countries, thus the presence and influence of both individualistic as well as collectivistic values are apparent. Recommendations for future research include the focus on greater conceptual clarity, frequent cross-cultural comparisons, equal sampling of mothers and fathers, and the development/validation and implementation of psychometrically sound measurement instruments.
Growth Factors and Brain Injury

Growth factors are generally defined as polypeptides that, at very low concentrations, act through specific receptor-mediated mechanisms to initiate and sustain complex cellular processes. These processes include cell proliferation in the case of cells capable of mitosis (such as brain glia and endothelial cells), and, in the case of post-mitotic cells such as neurons, include cell survival, outgrowth, and biochemical differentiation. An increasing number of polypeptide growth factors have been identified over the past few decades, most now grouped into several gene “superfamilies.” The identification of many of these peptides in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) suggests that these factors play important roles in brain development, and also in the response of the mature brain to injury. Indeed, several studies have now documented increased expression of polypeptide growth factors following brain injury. Using the neurotrophin and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamilies as specific examples, this review will explore two major themes: (1) that the increased “endogenous” expression of growth factors after brain injury may contribute to the cascade of cellular changes that underlie structural reorganization and functional recovery, and (2) that the “exogenous” addition of growth factors may serve to augment such recovery.
Rapid thermal conductivity measurement with a hot disk sensor: Part 1. Theoretical considerations

Abstract The hot disk technique represents a transient plane source method for rapid thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurement. The main advantages of the hot disk technique include: wide thermal conductivity range, from 0.005 W/(m K) to 500 W/(m K); wide range of materials types, from liquid, gel to solid; easy sample preparation; non-destructive; and more importantly, high accuracy. In this paper, the basic theory of thermal conductivity measurement with hot disk sensor will be discussed. Starting from the instantaneous point source solution, the mathematical expression of the average temperature change in the sensor surface during a hot disk measurement will be derived. This temperature change, which can be accurately determined by measuring the electrical resistance of the sensor, is highly dependent on the thermal transport properties of the surrounding material. By analyzing this temperature change as a function of time, it is possible to deduce the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the surrounding material. Several practical considerations, from sample size requirement to the elimination of thermal contact resistance, will also be discussed.
On the “Completeness” of Quantum Mechanics

No study of the wave—particle dualism would be complete without examination of both the necessity and sufficiency of the mathematical-descriptive formalism that gives rise to it. Concerning sufficiency of the existing formalism, the issue of “completeness” of quantum mechanics as a physical theory was raised most poignantly by Einstein.(1) This matter is usually treated in connection with the Einstein—Podolsky—Rosen (EPR) paradox,(2,3) in the context of proposed “hidden variable” modifications or enhancements. The customary exposition then proceeds to Bell’s theorem(4) and its modern developments, both theoretical and experimental(5)—the impression being created that there is a sort of championship-of-the-world fight in progress between clearly identified opponents: in one corner the recognized title-holder, “quantum mechanics,” in the other a sequence of all possible (in general more generously parametrized) challengers to quantum mechanics.
Sindbis Virus Infection Causes Cell Death by nsP2-Induced Transcriptional Shutoff or by nsP3-Dependent Translational Shutoff.

ABSTRACT Sindbis virus (SINV) is a representative member of the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family. The hallmark of SINV replication in vertebrate cells is a rapid development of the cytopathic effect (CPE), which usually occurs within 24 h postinfection. Mechanistic understanding of CPE might lead to development of new prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic means against alphavirus infections. However, development of noncytopathic SINV variants and those of other Old World alphaviruses was always highly inefficient and usually resulted in selection of mutants demonstrating poor replication of the viral genome and transcription of subgenomic RNA. This likely caused a nonspecific negative effect on the rates of CPE development. The results of this study demonstrate that CPE induced by SINV and likely by other Old World alphaviruses is a multicomponent process, in which transcriptional and translational shutoffs are the key contributors. Inhibition of cellular transcription and translation is determined by SINV nsP2 and nsP3 proteins, respectively. Defined mutations in the nsP2-specific peptide between amino acids (aa) 674 and 688 prevent virus-induced degradation of the catalytic subunit of cellular-DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II and transcription inhibition and make SINV a strong type I interferon (IFN) inducer without affecting its replication rates. Mutations in the nsP3 macrodomain, which were demonstrated to inhibit its mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity, downregulate the second component of CPE development, inhibition of cellular translation, and also have no effect on virus replication rates. Only the combination of nsP2- and nsP3-specific mutations in the SINV genome has a dramatic negative effect on the ability of virus to induce CPE. IMPORTANCE Alphaviruses are a group of important human and animal pathogens with worldwide distribution. Their characteristic feature is a highly cytopathic phenotype in cells of vertebrate origin. The molecular mechanism of CPE remains poorly understood. In this study, by using Sindbis virus (SINV) as a model of the Old World alphaviruses, we demonstrated that SINV-specific CPE is redundantly determined by viral nsP2 and nsP3 proteins. NsP2 induces the global transcriptional shutoff, and this nuclear function can be abolished by the mutations of the small, surface-exposed peptide in the nsP2 protease domain. NsP3, in turn, determines the development of translational shutoff, and this activity depends on nsP3 macrodomain-associated mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolase activity. A combination of defined mutations in nsP2 and nsP3, which abolish SINV-induced transcription and translation inhibition, in the same viral genome does not affect SINV replication rates but makes it noncytopathic and a potent inducer of type I interferon.
Parametric Sizing Equations for Earth Observation Satellites

This paper presents an improved technique for predicting wet mass, dry mass, end-of-life power, and launch-configuration volume for Earth observation satellites based on inputs of mission type, pay...
Imaging of Acute Low Back Pain.

Acute low back pain, defined as less than 6 weeks in duration, does not require imaging in the absence of "red flags" that may indicate a cause, such as fracture, infection, or malignancy. When imaging is indicated, it is important to rule out a host of abnormalities that may be responsible for the pain and any associated symptoms. A common mnemonic VINDICATE can help ensure a thorough consideration of the possible causes.
High $Q$ Antisymmetric Mode Lithium Niobate MEMS Resonators With Spurious Mitigation

This paper reports on the demonstrations of first-order antisymmetric Lamb wave (A1) mode resonator as a new platform for front-end filtering of the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication. The sub-6 GHz resonance in this work is achieved by employing the A1 mode in the micromachined Y-cut Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) thin films. The spurious modes mitigation is achieved by optimizing the distribution of the electric field. The demonstrated figure-of-merit ( $\text {FoM}=Q\cdot k_{t}^{2}$ ) of 435 marks the first time that a new resonator technology with the FoMs exceeds those of surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators and thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) in the sub-6 GHz (1–6 GHz) frequency range. [2019-0241]
Laser-based sensing for assessing and monitoring civil infrastructures

Abstract: This chapter provides an overview of current laser-based sensing techniques and their applications in science and engineering. The chapter first introduces the principles of lasers, followed by a technical description of several laser-based sensing techniques including laser interferometry or electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI), digital shearography, scanning photogrammetry, laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV), and laser-ultrasound. Other laser-related techniques are also discussed, with an emphasis on civil infrastructure applications. The chapter then addresses the safety issue associated with the use of lasers.
Reasonable application of influenza vaccine in children with asthma

The prevalence rate of asthma in children in China increased significantly in the past 20 years.Respiratory tract virus infection is one of the main inducing factors of asthma in children in China.In winter, influenza virus infection is a potential cause of asthma exacerbation and hospitalization in asthmatic children.The risk of influenza-related complications in asthmatic children is also significantly increased.Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and reduce the complications associated with influenza.But the influenza vaccine coverage rate is generally low in children with asthma, mainly because they are concerned about the deterioration of asthma or the allergic reaction to egg white residue in the vaccine.Therefore, how to use influenza vaccine in asthmatic children has attracted much attention.Based on the above, the author searched the PubMed, Wanfang database for key words: bronchial asthma, egg allergy, influenza, vaccine, and reviewed the application of influenza vaccine in asthma patients at domestic and foreign reviews and guidelines in the past 20 years.This paper first introduces the general situation of influenza vaccine, and then describes the safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination in asthmatic and/or egg allergy patients. Key words: Asthma; Child; Egg allergy; Influenza vaccine
Abstract 6461: HER2 positive DCIS increases short term risk of ipsilateral invasive ductal carcinoma in breast conserving surgery patients

Purpose: The impact of HER2 status in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions on the risk of progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) has been debated with reports of both increased and decreased risk of development of invasive breast cancer in HER2 positive patients. We aim to use a large national database to elucidate the effect of HER2 positivity on ipsilateral IDC (iIDC) development. Methods: We performed survival analyses on patient-level data using the US National Cancer Institute9s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program to identify patients diagnosed with DCIS who underwent lumpectomy and had known HER2, estrogen and progesterone receptor statuses, grade, comedonecrosis, age, tumor size, and radiation therapy (RT). Competing risks analysis was performed. Results: 1,540 patients meeting inclusion criteria were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 60 with median follow-up time of 44.5 months. 22 (1.4%) patients developed iIDC and 27 (1.8%) developed ipsilateral in situ or contralateral disease. 1,035 (67.2%) patients were HER2 negative and 417 (27.1%) were HER2 positive. The estimated cumulative incidence of iIDC at 5 years was 1.9% for all patients, 1.2% (95% CI 0.6-2.1%) for HER2 negative patients, and 4.0% (95% CI 2.9-5.4%) for HER2 positive patients. On competing risks regression, two factors were significant for iIDC: RT within 20 months (HR=0.02, p=0.0002) and HER2 positivity (HR=2.81, p=0.046). Conclusions: HER2 may serve as a prognostic factor for consideration in decision making in patients for whom it is available, and in our analysis was the only lesion-related factor to significantly relate to iIDC development. Citation Format: Thomas O9Keefe, Sarah Blair, Ava Hosseini, Olivier Harismendy, Anne Wallace. HER2 positive DCIS increases short term risk of ipsilateral invasive ductal carcinoma in breast conserving surgery patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6461.
A Defense of Utility Models: The Case of China

Utility models are a type of exclusive rights provided to inventors or innovators in a comparatively short amount of time as a complement of regular patents. Utility models are cheap, quick, and easy to gain because they lack a process of examining the non-obvious. However, there are many criticisms about utility models and utility model regimes. This paper revisits these criticisms and the utility model regime in China. It explains why this regime is important to facilitate the domestic technology developers and responses the economic and political concerns from the previous scholars considering the cases in developed countries rather than a case in a developing country.
Architectural Interventions to Mitigate Occupational Stress Among Office Workers

Stress is one issue that affects the health and well-being of every building occupant. The negative effects of stress are more pronounced in workplaces, where stress can act as a major agent of disease and an impediment to employee productivity and satisfaction. The underlying causes of occupational stress are varied and include job insecurity, extended hours, excessive workload, altercations within the organization, tight deadlines, changes in responsibilities, and lack of autonomy, among others. One of the factors that can contribute to overall occupational stress is the working environment itself—a factor that can be mitigated by design. While occupational stress may arise from a multiplicity of causes, designers have numerous interventions they can employ to decrease it. The literature on occupational health, well-being, satisfaction, and productivity is broad and multifaceted; however, this paper is limited to exploring stress factors that correlate with the built environment and focuses on employees who are experiencing a high rate of stress in office buildings as the target group. To address these issues, supporting literature was explored to identify environmental interventions that could reduce stress or enhance the stress-coping abilities of workers in offices by improving the environmental quality of the built environment. This article explores the following questions: How does space cause people to experience mental stress? In what ways can the built environment itself be a generator of stress? What are the main environmental factors in offices that can mitigate the stress levels of employees or help them to recover more easily from work-related stress? To answer these questions, it is necessary to understand the causes and mechanisms of chronic stress, including work-related stressors, and to identify the factors in the built environment that can be associated with occupational stress. The present paper is based on concurrent analyses of supporting literature in the rather different fields of architecture, public health, psychology, management, and environmental studies. The outcome is an identified set of practical strategies that provide solutions for healthier and more productive workplaces. By concentrating on measures that can reduce employee stress levels, these strategies can be used as a source for evidence-based workplace designs.
On the capacitance of a sphere in the presence of another nearby conducting sphere

We present the numerical analysis of the capacitance dependence of a conducting sphere on the distance to another sphere and its relative size. Among other results, we find that the greatest deviations from the model of a secluded sphere are observed for the case of the presence of infinite conducting plane near it. We provide a simple physical explanation of this fact. For example, our numerical calculations show that the value of relative error in the determination of the sphere capacitance is equal to 5% if the distance from the sphere center to the infinite plate is ten times more than its radius. The consideration of this problem will be useful for advanced undergraduates, who study the methods for solving electrostatic problems.
Culturally relevant pedagogy in two-way immersion classrooms

This paper draws from a broader research project and reports on a qualitative case study that investigated instructional practices in grades 3–5 Two-Way Immersion (TWI) classrooms where the partner...
The Politics of Contemporary Education: Challenging Ourselves to Confront the Insidious Problems in Educational Politics and Political Correctness

Introduction to this special issue discussing the paradox facing educators in promoting inclusion and equity while censoring speech and truncating or eliminating contentious content.
Sports participation, activity, and obesity in children who have undergone the Fontan procedure

Background Children with CHD are at risk for obesity and low levels of activity. These factors are associated with an increased risk of poor outcome. Participation in organised sports is an important avenue for children to maintain physical activity, though the relationship between sports participation and obesity has not been examined in the Fontan population. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of children aged 8-18 who had been evaluated between January 1, 2015 and October 1, 2019 at the Doernbecher Children's Hospital outpatient paediatric cardiology clinic and had previously undergone a Fontan. Patients were excluded if they were unable to ambulate independently or if they had undergone a heart transplant. Patient characteristics were recorded from the electronic medical record. Parents were interviewed via a telephone survey and asked to describe their child's activity levels and sports participation. Results Our final cohort included 40 individuals, 74% were male. The overall prevalence of obesity (CDC BMI >95% for sex/age) in the cohort (23%) was significantly higher in non-athletes (33%) than athletes (0) (p = 0.02). There was no difference in cardiac complications or comorbidities between athletes and non-athletes. Athletes were more likely to meet daily activity recommendations (p = 0.05). Conclusion Fontan patients who do not participate in sports are significantly more likely to be obese and less likely to be active than those who do. This is the first study to demonstrate the association between competitive sports participation and decreased likelihood of obesity in the Fontan population.
The Ancient Messenians: Constructions of Ethnicity and Memory

Early in the archaic period of Greek history, Messenia was annexed and partially settled by its powerful neighbour, Sparta. Achieving independence in the fourth century BC, the inhabitants of Messenia set about trying to forge an identity for themselves separate from their previous identity as Spartan subjects, refunctionalising or simply erasing their Spartan heritage. Professor Luraghi provides a thorough examination of the history of Messenian identity and consequently addresses a range of questions and issues whose interest and importance have only been widely recognised by ancient historians during the last decade. By a detailed scrutiny of the ancient written sources and the archaeological evidence, the book reconstructs how the Messenians perceived and constructed their own ethnicity at different points in time, by applying to Messenian ethnicity insights developed by anthropologists and early medieval historians.
Credible Power-Sharing Agreements: Theory with Evidence from South Africa and Lebanon

Ipresent a simple model to examine the structure of credible post-conflictpower–sharing agreements. I first show that power–sharingis necessary to induce warring factions to choose democraticrule over the status-quo. When warring factions have commitmentproblems, I show that the agreements require a restructuringof the coercive institutions of the state. The theoretical resultsare supported by a wide ranging empirical study by Hartzell (1999)on the stability of negotiated settlements of civil wars foughtduring the post World War II era. I illustrate the results withcase studies on Lebanon and South Africa.
Parallel Text Alignment

Parallel Text Alignment (PTA) is the problem of automatically aligning content in multiple text documents originating or derived from the same source. The implications of this result in improving multimedia data access in digital library applications range from facilitating the analysis of multiple English language translations of classical texts to enabling the on-demand and random comparison of multiple transcriptions derived from a given audio stream, or associated with a given stream of video, audio, or images. In this paper we give an efficient algorithm for achieving such an alignment, and demonstrate its use with two applications. This result is an application of the new framework of Cross-Modal Information Retrieval recently developed at Dartmouth.
Jorge Luis Borges’s Partial Argentine Ulysses: A Foundational (Mis-)Translation

In this article, I first introduce the deconstructionist idea of the error (drawn primarily from Paul de Man) as a potentially productive category, then combine this idea with what I call Borges’s theory of mis-translation, to analyze the foundational role of (mis-)translation in Argentine literature, focusing specifically on Borges’s 1925 version of the last page of James Joyce’s Ulysses. I go on to discuss Borges’s theory of mis-translation and its importance within an Argentine as well as a transnational context. In essays such as “Las versiones homericas” [The Homeric Versions] and “Los traductores de Las 1001 Noches” [The Translators of The 1001 Nights], Borges posits that translations are not necessarily inferior to originals, and that a translation’s merits may actually reside in its creative infidelities. After delineating Borges’s irreverent position on translation, I carefully analyze Borges’s 1925 translation of the last page of Joyce’s Ulysses, to examine how Borges uses (mis-)translation to create a partial Argentine version of Joyce’s Modernist novel, which serves, among other things, a paradoxical foundational role in Argentine and Latin American literatures.
Comparative Analysis of the Hardware Implementations of Hash Functions SHA-1 and SHA-512

Hash functions are among the most widespread cryptographic primitives, and are currently used in multiple cryptographic schemes and security protocols such as IPSec and SSL. In this paper, we compare and contrast hardware implementations of the newly proposed draft hash standard SHA-512, and the old standard, SHA-1. In our implementation based on Xilinx Virtex FPGAs, the throughput of SHA-512 is equal to 670 Mbit/s, compared to 530 Mbit/s for SHA-1. Our analysis shows that the newly proposed hash standard is not only orders of magnitude more secure, but also significantly faster than the old standard. The basic iterative architectures of both hash functions are faster than the basic iterative architectures of symmetric-key ciphers with equivalent security.