cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adsorption and desorption of H atoms on InSb(001) as viewed by LEED and He atom scattering

Abstract The adsorption of H atoms has been studied on a (001) face of InSb using He scattering and LEED. Diffraction patterns for the progressive adsorption are presented and the result yields their variation of height with coverage. In particular the (00) and ( 2 0 ) peaks give a sharp fall for small coverages suggesting a modification of the electronic state of the surface on adsorption. Reconstruction occurs along with adsorption — the initial surface (1 × 4) structure changing to a (1 × 1) configuration. Both LEED and He diffraction show this reconstruction. H atoms do not stick on the surface above 250°C. Desorption is followed using He diffraction peaks after flashing the crystal progressively. The original (1 × 4) reconstruction is established after desorption.
The effects of pulsed pumping on land subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, California

Abstract Land subsidence caused by pulsed and constant pumping schemes was calculated, and the results were compared to determine the possible advantages of pulsed pumping in reducing land subsidence. Pulsed pumping refers to pumping strategies involving alternation between periods of pumping and recovery in a well. Subsidence was calculated using a numerical model based on the Santa Clara Valley, CA. The model accounts for delay in the release of water from storage in compressible interbeds as well as flow within aquifers. For these tests, the ratio of pumping period length to recovery period length was either 1 1 or 1 3 . Pulsing interval length (length of one pumping period plus one recovery period) ranged from 4 to 90 days. Pumping rates were adjusted so that pulsed pumping and constant pumping removed the same volume of water over the period under consideration. Pulsed pumping has the potential to ‘concentrate’ subsidence around the pumping well. For all simulations, pulsed pumping caused greater subsidence near the test well than constant pumping. Under some conditions a transition point was reached, beyond which pulsed pumping caused less subsidence than steady pumping. The distance from the test well to the transition point decreases for (a) decreasing aquifer transmissivity, (b) decreasing ratio of pumping period to recovery period, and (c) increasing pulsing interval length. The concentration of subsidence was reduced considerably when delay in release of water from storage in compressible aquitards was neglected, indicating the importance of including delay effects in subsidence studies. All pulsed pumping strategies caused a greater total volume of subsidence than steady pumping.
Analysis of trichroic infrared absorption in solids. II. One-way drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate)

The techniques of polarized infrared spectroscopy and sample tilting are applied to one-way drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films to calculate the trichroic absorption as a function of frequency. Of specific interest in this study is the distribution of vibrational modes in the plane transverse to the draw direction. The rotational isomeric content of the films is found by the method of least squares and compared with a density-method prediction of crystallinity. A two-phase model to describe PET morphology in the oriented state is examined and found to be inadequate. The segmental orientation as a function of strain is followed with five conformationally sensitive infrared modes. High segmental orientation is found in the trans conformers of both amorphous and crystalline phases. Little net segmental orientation in the gauche conformers of the amorphous phase occurs.
Transfer between text editors

This paper describes a successful test of a quantitative model that accounts for large positive transfer effects between similar screen editors, between different line editors and from line editors to a screen editor, and between text and graphic editors. The model is tested in an experiment using two very similar full-screen text-editors differing only in the structure of their editing commands, verb-noun vs noun-verb. Quantitative predictions for training time were derived from a production system model based on the Polson and Kieras (1985) model of text editing.
Optical Crystallographic Characteristics of Some USP Drugs

Optical crystallographic data were determined on a variety of newer USP drugs for which data had not been previously obtained. The ingredients in an unknown sample can be identified by polarized light microscopy by mounting small amounts of the material in successive specific refractive index liquids and determining refractive indices, optic sign, type of extinction, estimated 2V angle, and other optical characteristics for each ingredient present. This information can then be compared with the data listed on known drugs and excipients and all of the ingredients can be identified. To aid in the identification of unknown drugs, optical crystallographic data obtained on 52 of the newer USP drugs are presented.
Effects of ouabain on calcium-45 flux in guinea pig cardiac tissue

Abstract Intact heart fragments (mince) from guinea pig were prepared by a mechanical chopper. Calcium-45 uptake in control and ouabain-treated tissue was measured after post-incubation of the tissue in a calcium-free medium containing lanthanum. After 30 min, ouabain significantly increased tissue calcium-45. In guinea pig heart mince loaded with calcium-45, the appearance of calcium-45 in the medium revealed an energy of activation of 8.2 kcal/mol; ouabain reduced this value 50%. Washout of calcium-45 in the presence or absence of ouabain was measured at 25°C. A portion of the washout appeared to be affected by ouabain; the T 1 2 for retention of tissue calcium-45 for this phase was increased 1.5 times. These results may bear on the mechanism of cardiac glycoside effects on the sodium gradient and its relationship to calcium movements.
Mouse Segmental Duplication and Copy-Number Variation

Detailed analyses of the clone-based genome assembly reveal that the recent duplication content of mouse (4.94%) is now comparable to that of human (5.5%), in contrast to previous estimates from the whole-genome shotgun sequence assembly. However, the architecture of mouse and human genomes differs markedly: most mouse duplications are organized into discrete clusters of tandem duplications that show depletion of genes and transcripts and enrichment of long interspersed nuclear element (LINE) and long terminal repeat (LTR) retroposons. We assessed copy number variation of the C57BL/6J duplicated regions within 15 mouse strains previously used for genetic association studies, sequencing and the Mouse Phenome Project. We determined that over 60% of these base pairs are polymorphic among the strains (on average, there was 20 Mb of copy-number-variable DNA between different mouse strains). Our data suggest that different mouse strains show comparable, if not greater, copy number polymorphism when compared to human; however, such variation is more locally restricted. We show large and complex patterns of interstrain copy number variation restricted to large gene families associated with spermatogenesis, pregnancy, viviparity, pheromone signaling and immune response.
Paraprofessionals and Psychiatric Teams: An Updated Review

Paraprofessionals and psychiatric teams are vital, interrelated, and complex components of the mental health care system. However, the literature on them is meager and contradictory. The authors begin the literature update by defining the relevant terms and describing the evolution of paraprofessionals and psychiatric teams. New developments indicate that paraprofessionals are able to perform many basic treatment tasks as members of psychiatric teams and that they are highly adaptable to addressing the service delivery gaps that have occurred during deinstitutionalization and in the treatment of schizophrenia. Advances in the training, structure, and process of psychiatric teams are discussed, and the authors cite new criteria for cost-and treatment-effective teams. With these developments, the authors discuss the problems still faced by para-professionals and psychiatric teams.
Reciprocal Effects between the Academic and Social Integration of College Students.

The academic and social integration of college students has been the focus of much recent research. The Tinto model of college student withdrawal focused on the constructs as explanation for commitment to goals and persistence. Research results suggested that perhaps reciprocal relationships existed between academic and social integration. Significant influences from academic integration to social integration and vice-versa indicated differing reciprocal effects for males and females.
Outcomes of surgery for resection of regions of symptomatic radiation injury after stereotactic radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations.

OBJECTIVE Although radiation injury after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), including radiation necrosis (RN), is often treated with surgical resection, detailed outcome data are lacking after resection of symptomatic radiation-injured regions with imaging characteristics suspicious for RN after SRS for arteriovenous malformations (AVM). We present outcomes in seven such patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of seven patients with AVMs of Spetzler-Martin Grades II (n = 1), III (n = 2), and IV (n = 4) who underwent helium ion, proton beam, or gamma knife SRS and required resection of RN-suspicious tissue 1 to 24 months after post-SRS symptom onset. Postoperative outcomes included Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score and time to symptomatic improvement. RESULTS Symptomatic improvement required at least 9 months in the three patients with large regions suspicious for RN (>or=4 cm), whereas of four patients with smaller regions (<4 cm), three showed improvement within 2 months (P < 0.05). The remaining patient, who showed no benefit, underwent resection 2 years after the onset of RN symptoms (compared with <or= 8 mo for the other six patients). Surgery improved KPS scores in four patients with a preoperative KPS score of 50 or lower, but not in three patients with preoperative KPS scores greater than 70 (P < 0.05). Outcomes were not consistently associated with AVM size or location, SRS treatment volume or dose, associated aneurysm, or residual AVM. CONCLUSION After SRS for AVMs, resection of symptomatic RN-suspicious tissue areas is beneficial in reversing neurological deficits and improving KPS scores in selected patients. Times to improvement were longer when larger areas were resected. Delaying such surgery after symptom onset may negatively affect improvement.
1–15,000 Pa Absolute mode comparisons between the NIST ultrasonic interferometer manometers and non-rotating force-balanced piston gauges

Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Low Pressure Manometry Project maintains and operates primary standard ultrasonic interferometer manometers (UIMs) over the pressure range of 1 mPa to 360 kPa. Over the past decade a new type of customer gauge, the non-rotating force-balanced piston gauge or FPG (model 8601, DH Instruments, a Fluke Company 1 ) has been introduced to the standards community that covers the range of ≈1–15,000 Pa and is capable of both absolute and differential measurement modes. Since 2002, NIST customers 2 have requested that four different FPG units be compared to the NIST primary pressure ultrasonic interferometer manometer standards (UIMs). The results of the comparisons were that all four FPG units were within manufacturers stated uncertainty (0.008 Pa + 30 × 10 −6 × P for absolute mode) when compared against the NIST UIMs at pressures between 10 Pa and 15,000 Pa (absolute mode). At pressures between 5 Pa and 10 Pa, the results were generally within manufacturer’s specifications. Below 5 Pa some of the FPG units were outside of manufacturer’s uncertainty specifications. The use of an isolating capacitance diaphragm gauge (CDG) was necessary during the comparisons to prevent humidified gas from the FPG from entering the NIST 160 kPa mercury UIM primary pressure standard. The results of these four different comparison tests will be discussed in detail, along with test conditions, equipment set-up, and test uncertainty analysis.
Electrospray mass spectrometry of fossil fuels

Abstract Exploratory experiments with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry have been carried out on crude oil, jet fuel, gasoline, and coal. The resulting mass spectra contain a remarkable amount of information on the composition and character of these sometimes very complex materials. They suggest that electrospray ionization may have found a new arena in which to exercise its powers.
Abstract 3332: An artificial zinc finger glycosylase causes site-directed DNA damages and specifically kills the targeted cancer cells via synthetic lethality.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Synthetic lethality is a new developed therapy, in which PARP inhibitor selectively kills BRCA-deficient cancer cells. However, BRCA-deficiency only accounts for a small fraction of cancers. We are interesting in applying synthetic lethal approach to target all cancers regardless BRCA statute. As single strand break (SSB) is the start point of the synthetic lethal, we hypothesized the targeted induction of persistent SSB at tumor unique sequences (cancer somatic mutation sequences) with assistance of synthetic lethality would specifically kill cancer cells. To test this principle we have constructed a six-zinc finger/mutant uracil glycosylase fusion protein (zinc finger glycosylase, ZFG). Upon binding to a specific 18-bp sequence by ZFG six-zinc binding domain, the mutated uracil glycosylase will remove a cytosine residue leaving an apyrimidinic site, which is subsequently convert to SSB by AP-endonuclease cleavage. The SSB lesion is capable of being repaired, however, upon repair, the zinc finger binding site is restored and the site-specific ZFG will again initiate a lesion leading to a persistent SSB. We have transfected ZFGs into BRCA2-deficient human breast cancer MCF7 and lung cancer A549 cells, the cells were then treated with PARP inhibitors. We observed increased killing of the ZFG-transfected cells compare to mock-transfected controls. Since BRCA2 deficiency causes homologous recombination (HR) repair defect, we next sought to determine if inhibitors of HR is a suitable substitute for loss of BRCA2. We are testing this concept by transfection of ZFG to BRCA2-proficient MCF7 cells with the treatment of combination of PARP and HR inhibitors, to determine whether 1. Combination of PARP and HR inhibitors treatments can achieve synthetic lethality; 2. ZFG constructs can enhance synthetic lethality. We conclude ZFG coupled with synthetic lethality is a promising direction towards the development of cancer specifically treatment. Citation Format: Hua Fung, Stanton L. Gerson, Carlos F. Barbas. An artificial zinc finger glycosylase causes site-directed DNA damages and specifically kills the targeted cancer cells via synthetic lethality. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3332. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3332
Geology of Great Abaco Submarine Canyon (Blake Plateau): Observations from the research submersible “Alvin”

Abstract Nine dives in the research submersible “Alvin” were made into Great Abaco Submarine Canyon to depths ranging from 1850 to 3666 m. Our observations indicate that the walls of this canyon are distinctly terraced, consisting of nearly vertical to overhanging rock cliffs and intervening, less steep sediment-covered slopes. The wall rock consists mostly of massive, shallow-water limestones and dolostones of Cretaceous age, coated on exposed surfaces with manganese oxides. These rocks are heavily jointed/fractured and thus very blocky to angular in appearance, with sponges and other sessile organisms commonly attached. Talus slopes and sedimentary breccia deposits containing angular boulders are present at the base of these steep escarpments. Short-term bottom current measurements in the axis of the eastern part of the canyon indicate that currents are relatively weak, reaching velocities of only 10 cm/sec. This relatively placid setting is further corroborated by the abundance of turtle grass ( Thalassia ) found along the canyon axis. However, abundant subdued, symmetrical ripple marks and large scour depressions at the base of boulders, indicate that high-energy events sporadically impact the canyon axis. Contemporary erosional activity along the axis of the western (headward) part of the canyon appears to be more significant, as evidenced by asymmetrical ripple marks, sand waves and bioerosion. Great Abaco Canyon has evolved with time via a variety of processes, including: (1) faulting: (2) subsidence; (3) defacement; and (4) erosional down-cutting. The location, orientation and initiation of this canyon appear to be structurally controlled by the Great Abaco Fracture Zone during pre-Santonian time. Regional subsidence during the Mesozoic allowed the walls of Great Abaco Canyon to build vertically by accretion of shallow-water limestones, whereas joint-controlled defacement has widened the canyon while maintaining steep walls. Erosional down-cutting in the canyon axis by carbonate sediment gravity flows also appears to have been important episodically, particularly during the Miocene and Pleistocene.
Activity planning processes in the Agent-based Dynamic Activity Planning and Travel Scheduling (ADAPTS) model

Abstract This paper describes the representation of the activity planning process utilized in a new activity-based microsimulation model called the ADAPTS (Agent-based Dynamic Activity Planning and Travel Scheduling) model, which dynamically simulates activity and travel planning and scheduling. The model utilizes a dynamic activity planning framework within the larger overall microsimulation system, which is a computational process model that attempts to replicate the decisions which comprise time-dependent activity scheduling. The model presents a step forward in which the usual concepts of activity generation and activity scheduling are significantly enhanced by adding an additional component referred to as activity planning in which the various attributes which describe the activity are determined. The model framework, therefore, separates activity planning from activity generation and treats all three components, generation, planning and scheduling, as separate discrete but dynamic events within the overall microsimulation. The development of the planning order model, which determines when and in what order each activity planning decision is made is the specific focus of this paper. The models comprising the planning order framework are developed using recent survey data from a GPS-based prompted recall survey. The model development, estimation, validation, and its use within the overall ADAPTS system are discussed. A significant finding of the study is the verification of the apparent transferability of the activity planning order model.
Angiotensin II-stimulated induction of sis-inducing factor is mediated by pertussis toxin-insensitive G(q) proteins in cardiac myocytes.

Abstract —The Janus kinase–signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is stimulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) via the type 1 receptor after acute pressure overload in the heart. The purpose of this study was to determine whether activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by Ang II is dependent on G proteins. Ang II (100 nmol/L for 120 minutes) caused formation of sis -inducing factor (SIF) complexes and tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT proteins in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The percentage of change in Ang II–stimulated SIF induction was not affected by pertussis toxin (PTX) or GP antagonist-2A, compounds that inhibit activation of G i and G o proteins. In contrast, GP antagonist-2A, a peptide that selectively inhibits activation of G q proteins, completely abolished Ang II–stimulated SIF induction and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with U73122, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity, decreased Ang II–stimulated SIF induction and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Chelation of intracellular Ca 2+ with BAPTA-AM did not alter Ang II–stimulated SIF induction. In contrast, pretreatment of cardiac myocytes with Ro-31-8220, a potent and specific inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), decreased Ang II–stimulated SIF induction in a dose-dependent manner. Ang II–stimulated SIF induction was abolished in cardiac myocytes after downregulation of PKC by treatment with PMA. From these data, we conclude that Ang II–stimulated SIF induction and STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation is mediated by PTX-insensitive G proteins through a G q -PLC-PKC–mediated pathway in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON MOUSE MYELOMA PROTEINS REACTIVE WITH DEXTRANS OR WITH FRUCTOSANS AND ON HUMAN ANTILEVANS

Four BALB/c IgA mouse myeloma proteins (W3129, W3434, QUPC 52, and UPC 102) reactive with dextran, four myeloma proteins reactive with fructosans, three IgA (W3082, UPC 61, and Y5476), and one IgG2a (UPC 10), and two human antilevans were studied immunochemically. Quantitative precipitin and inhibition assays showed that W3129, W3434, and QUPC 52 had specificities for isomaltose oligosaccharides similar to those previously found with α(1 → 6)-specific human antidextrans. W3129 and W3434 were most complementary to IM5 but W3129 reacted equally with IM4 and IM3 while W3434 had a greater affinity for IM4 than IM3. QUPC 52 had a larger combining region and was most complementary to IM6. Protein UPC 102 (IgA), like MOPC 104E (IgM) (27), was most complementary to the α(1 → 3)-linked trisaccharide, nigerotriose, and thus differed from J558 (29), which was inhibited best by nigeropentaose. UPC 102 was similar to J558 but they differed from MOPC 104E in their reactions with non-α(1 → 3)-linked disaccharides. The fructosan-specific myeloma proteins fell into two groups with different specificities. The first group, W3082 (IgA), UPC 61 (IgA), and the previously studied J606 (IgG3) (28, 29), reacted with inulin and W3082 and UPC 61 appeared to have identical specificities for β(2 → 1)-linked fructofuranosyl residues with maximum complementarity for the tetrasaccharide βDfructofuranosyl (2 → 1)βDfructofuranosyl(2 → 1)βDfructofuranosyl(2 → 6)Dglucose while protein J606 was inhibited best by the trisaccharide βDfructofuranosyl(2 → 1)βDfructofuranosyl(2 → 6)Dglucose. W3082 and UPC 61 also differed from J606 in their behavior toward sucrose and βDfructofuranosyl(2 → 6)Dglucose as compared with αDglucosyl(1 → 3)Dfructose (turanose). The second group containing myeloma proteins UPC 10 (IgG2a) and Y5476 (IgA) behaved similarly to human antilevans in that neither reacted with inulin nor were they inhibited by the β(2 → 1)-linked fructose oligosaccharides. Unlike the β(2 → 1)-specific proteins, they reacted with perennial rye grass levan that contained over 90% β(2 → 6)links. The differences in specificity and site size among homogeneous mouse myeloma proteins reactive with the same antigenic determinant are completely consistent with the concept that they represent products of homogeneous clones selected from the known heterogeneous population of antibody-forming cells.
Imitation and Pantomime in High‐Functioning Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

A study was designed to test 2 alternative hypotheses--a symbolic hypothesis and an executive function hypotheses--for the imitation and pantomime deficits found in previous studies of autism. The subjects were 17 adolescent high-functioning subjects with autism spectrum disorders and 15 clinical comparison subjects who were matched on chronological age and verbal IQ. Meaning and sequence were manipulated in facial and manual imitation tasks. Sequence was manipulated in the pantomime and control tasks. Recognition memory and motor control tasks were matched to the experimental tasks. The results provided no support for the symbolic deficit hypothesis; meaning aided rather than hindered the performance of the group with autism. Partial support for the executive deficit hypothesis was found. There were no group differences on motor control tasks, and few on the memory control tasks, arguing against deficits in motor initiation, basic motor coordination, or visual recognition memory.
Blended courage: : Moral and psychological courage elements in mental health treatment seeking by active duty military personnel

We propose that seeking mental health care in an environment with heightened stigma may combine elements of both psychological and moral courage. Interviews of 32 active duty US Army personnel about their process of seeking current mental health care were analyzed for themes of voluntary action, personal risk, and noble or worthwhile goals (benefits). Risks and benefits were divided into internal risks and benefits, characteristic of psychological courage; and external risks and benefits, characteristic of moral courage. Concerns about external risks were themes in all narratives, while concerns about internal risks were themes in only about half of narratives. Both internal and external benefits of treatment were themes in approximately three-quarters of the narratives, whereas doubts about internal (but not external) benefits were also expressed at a similar rate. Thus, participants described an act of blended courage, with social risks of moral courage taken for wellness goals of psychological courage.
Quantitative microanalysis of synovial fluid and articular cartilage glycosaminoglycans.

Abstract This paper describes new techniques for extraction and quantification of microgram quantities of individual glycosaminoglycans from articular cartilage and synovial fluid samples. For glycosaminoglycan extraction, tissue digestion is carried out in dodecyl sodium sulfate with the fungal enzyme, proteinase K. Resolution of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and keratan sulfate is through electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes in phosphate buffer, pH 2.0. Quantification of individual glycosaminoglycans utilizes Alcian blue staining with subsequent solubilization of the dye-glycosaminoglycan complex. Standard curves for Alcian blue-glycosaminoglycan binding on cellulose acetate membranes are presented.
The role of autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia.

With conventional dose chemotherapy, the prognosis of adult acute leukemia varies with the morphological type from 25% long-term disease-free survival (DFS) in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) to 40% in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). For this reason, we would like to discuss the role of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) separately for each disease modality.
Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Is Active against Toxoplasma gondii

Synercid and each of its components (quinupristin and dalfopristin) were examined for their activities against Toxoplasma gondii. In vitro, intracellular replication of tachyzoites was inhibited by synercid and each of its two components. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of synercid, quinupristin, and dalfopristin were 1.6, 2.7, and 6.3 microg/ml, respectively. Thus, synercid was markedly more active than its components. Treatment of acutely infected mice with 100 or 200 mg of synercid per kg of body weight per day administered intraperitoneally for 10 days resulted in survival of 50% (P = 0.0002) and 100% (P < 0.0001) of infected mice, respectively, whereas all control mice died by day 18. In contrast, treatment with 200 mg of either quinupristin and dalfopristin per kg per day alone resulted in only 20% survival; treatment with 50 mg of either drug per kg per day resulted only in the prolongation of time to death. These results suggest that synercid may be useful for treatment of toxoplasmosis in humans.
Unpowered wireless transmission of ultrasound signals

This paper presents a wireless ultrasound sensing system that uses frequency conversion to convert the ultrasound signal to a microwave signal and transmit it directly without digitization. Constructed from a few passive microwave components, the sensor is able to sense, modulate, and transmit the full waveform of ultrasound signals wirelessly without requiring any local power source. The principle of operation of the unpowered wireless ultrasound sensor is described first, and this is followed by a detailed description of the implementation of the sensor and the sensor interrogation unit using commercially available antennas and microwave components. Validation of the sensing system using an ultrasound pitch–catch system and the power analysis model of the system are also presented.
Therapeutic Options for the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis

Objective To provide oncology nurses with an understanding of therapeutic options for cancer-associated thrombosis, strategies to prevent recurrence, and practical issues in patient management. Data Sources Primary and tertiary literature and the author’s clinical experience. Conclusion Oncology nurses monitor patients throughout the care continuum for signs and symptoms indicating vascular thromboembolism and need to know the steps to take to expedite an accurate diagnosis and ensure prompt treatment. Implications for Nursing Practice Oncology nurses must keep informed about the evolving evidence that leads to practice changes. They should be able to teach patients about therapeutic options and their potential for improving outcomes.
Association of human leucocyte antigen phenotype with vaccine efficacy in patients receiving vaginal mucosal immunization for recurrent urinary tract infection

Immune responses to specific antigens can be influenced by an individual's genetic make-up. We examined whether the efficacy of a vaginal mucosal vaccine for urinary tract infections (UTI) was affected by a patient's human leucocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype. Urinary tract infection data and the HLA phenotypes of 47 women participating in a phase II clinical trial of immunization for recurrent UTI were statistically analysed for associations between HLA-A, -B, -DR, or -DQ phenotype and postimmunization infection course. Women who received the vaccine and had HLA-DR phenotypes other than DR2 had significantly delayed times to re-infection compared with women receiving placebo. Vaccine-treated patients with the HLA-DR2 phenotype had re-infection courses that were not different than women receiving placebo. These results indicate that the efficacy of a vaginal mucosal UTI vaccine may be influenced by an individual's HLA-DR phenotype.
NIH EXAMINER: conceptualization and development of an executive function battery.

Executive functioning is widely targeted when human cognition is assessed, but there is little consensus on how it should be operationalized and measured. Recognizing the difficulties associated with establishing standard operational definitions of executive functioning, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke entered into a contract with the University of California-San Francisco to develop psychometrically robust executive measurement tools that would be accepted by the neurology clinical trials and clinical research communities. This effort, entitled Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (EXAMINER), resulted in a series of tasks targeting working memory, inhibition, set shifting, fluency, insight, planning, social cognition and behavior. We describe battery conceptualization and development, data collection, scale construction based on item response theory, and lay the foundation for studying the battery’s utility and validity for specific assessment and research goals.
The synthesis, magnetic properties and crystal structure of a Cu(II) methylenediphosphonate, [Cu2(O3PCH2PO3)]

Abstract The hydrothermal reaction of Cu(SO 4 )·5H 2 O, methylenediphosphonate and water in the mole ratio 1.0:1.5:4100 at 150 °C for 48 h yielded clear colorless crystals of [Cu 2 (O 3 PCH 2 PO 3 )] ( 1 ). The structure of 1 is a three-dimensional framework constructed from chains of edge-sharing {CuO 5 } trigonal bipyramids linked through the {O 3 PCH 2 PO 3 } 4− subunits. The magnetic data from 35 to 300 K were fit to the Heisenberg linear antiferromagnetic chain model, giving g =1.98 and J / k B =−35.9 K. At lower temperatures, a Neel transition suggests three-dimensional long-range ordering. Crystal data: CH 2 Cu 2 O 6 P 2 , orthorhombic, Pnma , a =13.698(1), b =8.0094(6), c =4.8950(4) A, V =537.04(7) A 3 , Z =4, D calc =3.699 g cm −3 .
A modified work locus of control scale: preliminary investigation of reliability and validity in a sample of pharmacists.

Items in Spector's Work Locus of Control Scale were modified to reflect how much control the respondent feels he might have on a job as opposed to what he feels people in general have. This modified Work Locus of Control Scale was tested for reliability and construct validity. As part of a larger study, data were collected via mail questionnaires from a sample of 284 pharmacists licensed in Indiana. The Cronbach coefficient alpha for the modified scale was .88, indicating good internal consistency. The modified scale also showed some evidence of convergent validity when correlated with scores on measures of Extraversion, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, arid Job Dissatisfaction.
A step-down hierarchical multiple regression analysis for examining hypotheses about test bias in prediction

The problem of determining test bias in prediction using regression models is reexamined. Past ap proaches have made use of separate regression anal yses in each subgroup, moderated multiple regression analysis using subgroup coding, and hierarchical mul tiple regression strategies. Although it is agreed that hierarchical multiple regression analysis is preferable to either of the former methods, the approach pre sented here differs with respect to the hypothesis test ing procedure to be employed in such an analysis. This paper describes the difficulties in testing hy potheses about the existence of bias in prediction us ing step-up methods of analysis. Some shortcomings of previously recommended approaches for testing these hypotheses are discussed. Finally, a step-down hierarchical multiple regression procedure is recom mended. Analysis of real data illustrates the potential usefulness of the step-down procedure.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LEUKOCYTE COUNTS AND DISEASE RISK IN PRIMATES

Little is known about how the risk of disease varies across species and its consequences for host defenses, including the immune system. I obtained mean values of basal white blood cells (WBC) from 100 species of primates to quantify disease risk, based on the assumption that higher baseline WBC counts will be found in species that experience greater risk of acquiring infectious disease. These data were used to investigate four hypotheses: disease risk is expected to increase with (1) group size and population density; (2) greater contact with soil-borne pathogens during terrestrial locomotion; (3) a slow life history; and (4) increased mating promiscuity. After controlling for phylogeny, WBC counts increased with female mating promiscuity, as reflected in discrete categories of partner number, relative testes mass, and estrous duration. By comparison, the social, ecological, and life-history hypotheses were unsupported in comparative tests. In terms of confounding variables, some WBC types were associated with body mass or activity period, but these variables could not account for the association with mating promiscuity. Several factors may explain why hypotheses involving social, ecological, and life-history factors went unsupported in these tests, including the role of behavioral counterstrategies to disease, restrictions on female choice of mating partners, and the effect of transmission mode on parasite strategies and host defenses.
Bifurcation Analyses of Steel and Concrete with Rate-Dependent Properties Part Two: Bifurcation Analyses and Demonstration

Based on the continuum tangent stiffness tensors derived in part one for steel and concrete, bifurcation analyses of rate-dependent elasto-plasticity and elasto-damage are performed in (-(and (-(spaces of Mohr, respectively. Localization ellipse osculating Mohr's circle enables us to determine the critical state and failure angle. It is shown that strain rate has no effect on the failure angle, and that the parameters in rate-dependent damage model are restricted by the results of bifurcation analysis.
THE POSITIVE YIELD OF IMAGING STUDIES IN THE EVALUATION OF MEN WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED PROSTATE CANCER: A POPULATION BASED ANALYSIS

Purpose:: We determine the positive yield of imaging studies performed on men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer.Materials and Methods:: A prospective, population based survey was conducted on 3,690 men with prostate cancer diagnosed between October 1, 1994 and October 31, 1995. Cases were identified by the rapid case ascertainment systems used in 6 geographic regions participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Based on information captured in primary medical record reviews we estimated the positive yield of bone scans, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging.Results:: The positive yield of bone scan and CT was less than 5% and 12%, respectively, for all men with prostate specific antigen (PSA) 4 to 20 ng./ml., and less than 2% and 9%, respectively, for those who also had a Gleason score of 6 or less. Only men with PSA greater than 50 ng./ml. and those with Gleason scores 8 to 10 and PSA greater than 20 ng./ml. had positive yields greater than 10% and 20%...
Do therapist cultural characteristics influence the outcome of substance abuse treatment for Spanish-speaking adults?

This secondary data analysis of the Clinical Trials Network’s Motivational Enhancement Therapy effectiveness trial with Spanish-speaking substance users examined whether the degree of birthplace and acculturation similarities between clients and therapists, as well as the therapists’ own level of acculturation and birthplace were related to the clients’ participation in treatment and level of substance use during outpatient substance use treatment. Sixteen therapists and their 235 clients from the larger effectiveness trial were included in the analyses for this study. Results of the multilevel regression models for client participation in substance use treatment and client days of substance use taking into account within and between therapist cultural characteristics revealed that birthplace match and acculturation similarity between each therapist and his/her clients did not predict client outcomes. Instead, therapists’ birthplace and level of acculturation independently predicted days of substance use, but not treatment participation for monolingual Spanish-speaking clients. These findings are discussed in the context of the results of the main effectiveness trial and of psychotherapy research with ethnic minority populations, in particular Hispanic minorities.
Reinforcing Concepts by Studying Experts: An Integrated Approach to the Teaching of Pharmaceutics

ABSTRACTThe project aimed at enhancing the teaching and learning of pharmaceutics by combining didactic pedagogy and student analysis of research articles in the field of pharmaceutics as a teaching intervention. The students were assigned to groups, and research articles were given to each group together with questions to develop lines of thought. Each group then made a presentation to the class. Students' reactions to the teaching intervention were measured using a Likert-type scale (“strongly disagree” = 1 to “strongly agree” = 5) and five statements related to the use of research articles in the course. Overall results indicate that students' reactions were positive. Seventy-five percent of the students reported that the use of the research articles increased their knowledge and understanding of the subject matter that was being taught. Eighty-seven percent of the students agreed that the questions prepared by the professors on each of the research articles were helpful and should be used in the futur...
Beta-particle spectroscopy with active gamma-ray discrimination

Abstract A spectrometer was developed which was capable of measuring a beta-particle energy distribution while simultaneously (actively) rejecting the system's response to gamma rays. A two-detector configuration was used, where the first detector was a thin, pancake-type, gas-flow counter, positioned in front of the entrance window to a BC-400 plastic scintillator. The gas-flow counter was designed to be insensitive to gamma rays so that it could act as a sensor which would gate the spectrometer to accept only those signals induced by beta-particle interactions in the scintillator. The gamma-ray rejection capability of the spectrometer was a function of gamma-ray energy. The system's discrimination ratio, the number of gamma-ray-induced scintillator pulses which are rejected to those which are recorded, has a value of 279:1 for gamma rays with an energy of 278.3 keV, 43:1 for an energy of 661.6 keV and 9:1 for a gamma-ray energy of 1778.9 keV.
Application of multitransforms for lossy image representation

The multitransform technique is applied for lossy image representation. The image is first divided into smaller non-overlapping subimages. Each subimage is resolved into two dimensional (2-D) subsignals, which are then compactly represented in a particular transform domain. This leads to an efficient representation of the subimage by superimposing the dominant coefficients corresponding to each subsignal. An adaptive algorithm in conjunction with an optimization strategy are developed to minimize the difference between the original and the reconstructed subimage. Extensive simulations verify that, for a given number of retained coefficients, the combination of the DCT and Haar transforms yields a more compact representation than using DCT or Haar alone. >
SMOKING IN COLLEGE WOMEN: THE ROLE OF THINNESS PRESSURES, MEDIA EXPOSURE, AND CRITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS

There are strong social pressures for U.S. females, particularly those of European heritage, to achieve and maintain an extremely low body weight. These pressures are reflected in a variety of media sources, including advertising. We argue that valuing thinness, exposure to thinness-depicting media, and lacking skepticism about tobacco advertisements have adverse effects on young women's decisions about smoking, particularly smoking for weight control. We tested these hypotheses in a study of 188 female undergraduates, both never-smokers and daily smokers. Believing that smoking controls weight, exposure to thinness-depicting media, and low levels of skepticism about tobacco advertising were associated with being a smoker. Among smokers, believing that smoking controls weight, internalizing thinness pressures, and low levels of feminist consciousness were associated with smoking for weight control. Results are discussed with the aim of encouraging public health anti-smoking campaigns targeted at women, an...
Multiple versus single injections of fluorescent microspheres for the determination of regional organ blood flow in septic sheep.

Determination of regional blood flow by the injection of microspheres in sepsis models is crucial for the experimental evaluation of the influence of experimental treatment strategies on organ perfusion. However, multiple injections may critically increase the total quantity of microspheres, thereby restricting regional microcirculation and altering the results of blood flow measurements. This study was designed to compare the results of multiple versus single injections of microspheres in an established ovine sepsis model. Injury was induced by smoke inhalation and instillation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa into the lungs. Twenty sheep were studied for 4, 8, 12, 18, or 24 h, respectively. Microspheres were injected at the end of the study period and the animals were euthanized and organ tissues were harvested. Another four sheep were studied for 24 h and multiple microsphere injections were performed at the above indicated time points in the same animals. Tracheal blood flow significantly increased and blood...
Maternal protein deprivation during pregnancy or lactation in rats and the efficiency of food and nitrogen utilization of the progeny.

Both prenatal and postnatal malnutrition were imposed upon rats by feeding pregnant dams a low protein diet, or after either normal or malnourished pups were born, feeding a low protein diet to the dams they were suckling for the first 3 weeks of life. A second period of postnatal malnutrition was imposed on some rats by feeding a low protein diet for 4 weeks to pups after they were weaned at 3 weeks of age. Among the physiological and biochemical effects that were found to persist for at least 6 months after a postnatal exposure to protein-calorie malnutrition, the following observa tions were made: 1) There was a permanent stunting of growth for those rats mal nourished the first 3 weeks, but not for those malnourished from week 3 to 7 of life. 2) Growth hormone administration from week 3 to 7 in normal rats or for the first 4 weeks of nutritional rehabilitation was without effect upon growth rate or ultimate body weight. 3) There was a decreased efficiency of food utilization that persisted during rehabilitation and after growth had plateaued. 4) Food utilization was improved by growth hormone. 5) Postprandial oxygen consumption was higher in previously mal nourished rats than in normal controls. 6) In the adult, previously malnourished rat there was an increase in nitrogen retention (increased biological value) over that obtained in normal controls when 10% protein as wheat gluten was fed and this was true for all periods of postnatal malnutrition that were studied. No change in nitrogen retention due to previous malnutrition was found when the dietary protein was casein. 7) In all of the physiological and metabolic studies reported above, no changes were observed in those animals that had been malnourished during the period of gestation alone. These long-lasting effects appear to be caused specifically by postnatal nutritional deprivations. J. Nutr. 103: 273-284, 1973.
US Teenagers’ Perceptions and Awareness of Digital Technology: A Focus Group Approach

Scholars have recently begun investigating teenagers’ perceptions of digital devices and awareness of the functions they serve in their lives (Campbell, 2007: Cheong, 2008; Heim et al., 2007; Ling, 2004). This article aligns with research on adolescents’ uses of digital media devices by conducting focus groups with 80 middle- and high-school teenagers. The chief objective of this research was to further our understanding of what young people think about digital devices (e.g. cell phones, video game systems, the internet) and the functions they serve in their lives. Four themes emerged from 11 focus group interviews: (1) an awareness of digital devices; (2) a sense of temporal displacement; (3) social functions; and (4) a palpable sense of risk associated with using them. These themes resonate with the current literature.