cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of antibody detection in children with CMV-IgM from the Jilin region

Two thousand and eighty-six children in the Jilin region were tested for CMV-IgM antibodies,and 66 tested positive at a rate of 3.16%.Children ages 0 d~ tested positive at a rate of 0.53%,those ages 14 d~ tested positive at a rate of 6.14%,those 180 d~ tested positive at a rate of 3.13%,those 1-year-old ~ tested positive at a rate of 2.81%,and those 3-years-old ~ tested positive at a rate of 1.23%;children ≥ 5-years-old tested negative for CMV-IgM antibodies.Positivity for CMV-IgM antibodies differed among different age groups,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 54.64,P 0.01).Boys tested positive at a rate of 3.17% and girls tested positive at a rate of 3.15%.Of the children testing positive for CMV-IgM antibodies,19 had jaundice,13 had pneumonia,and 10 had a fever of unknown origin as cardinal symptoms.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Hydrocarbons Adsorbed on Graphite Surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy images of n-alkanes, n-alcohols, n-alkylthiols and n-alkylchlorides have been obtained to determine if the STM is capable of differentiating between molecules where the only difference is the functional group at the ends of a molecule. These studies indicate that there are two possible ways of differentiating between these molecules: (1) by observing differences in the relative orientation of the molecules with respect to each other, and (2) by the magnitude of the tunneling current in the vicinity of the functional group. Using the tunneling current to differentiate between functional groups also permits identification of the position of the functional group in the molecule.
Tribe's Judicious Feminism

The title of Professor Laurence Tribe's recent book, Abortion: The Clash ofAbsolutes, brings to mind the din and fury of battle. However, beyond the brash red, white, and blue book jacket, one finds not a battlefield, but a courtroom of quiet reason. The Harvard scholar's serene assessment of abortion rights promises to illuminate for a wide audience both why the demands of pro-choice feminists are not constitutionally extreme and why the purported policy compromises initiated by pro-life forces fail to qualify as compromises at all. Indeed, Tribe's judicious defense of the liberal prochoice perspective has already found favor in surprising quarters. Journalist Nat Hentoff, the self-described "atheist civil-libertarian pro-lifer," praises Tribe's presentation of the right to privacy as unusually "lucid."' The "absolutes" Tribe refers to are the strongly held belief in a woman's right to choose whether to terminate her pregnancy, and the equally strong belief in a fetus's right to life. Professor Tribe's optimistic central thesis is that the clash between these absolutes is not an insurmountable obstacle to compromise: that the abortion issue need not produce irreconcilable conflict between groups favoring women's rights on the one hand and those favoring fetal rights on the other. Acknowledging the development of seemingly absolute values on abortion in contemporary America, Tribe maintains that "[f]ar from being inevitable outgrowths of the natural order of things, these competing values are socially constructed."2 He concludes that understanding the social origins of these competing values paves the way for genuine compromise. The image of the abortion issue as a clash of absolutes is apt in many respects, whether one views the values at stake as natural and immutable or, with Tribe, as socially constructed. The aptness of Tribe's image is strongly
Ultraviolet random lasing from Mg 0.12 Zn 0.88 O:N/ZnO:Ga single-heterostructure diode

A heterostructure device consisting of nitrogen-doped Mg0.12Zn0.88O and gallium-doped ZnO thin films was grown on c-plane sapphire substrate using RF plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Current–voltage and photocurrent characteristics indicate the formation of a p–n junction. Random lasing behavior with lasing modes centered at 356 nm was observed. A low-threshold current of 6 mA was determined, and an output power of 34 nW was measured at an injection current of 8 mA. The film contains columnar structures with much air gaps, which assist in light scattering to achieve necessary gain for random lasing.
Artificial Nose Technology: Status and Prospects in Diagnostics

Biomimetic crossreactive sensor arrays have been used to detect and analyze a wide variety of vapor and liquid components in applications such as food science, public health and safety, and diagnostics. As technology has advanced over the past three decades, these systems have become selective, sensitive, and affordable. Currently, the need for noninvasive and accurate devices for early disease diagnosis remains a challenge. This Opinion article provides an overview of the various types of biomimetic crossreactive sensor arrays (also referred to as electronic noses or tongues in the literature), their current use and future directions, and an outlook for future technological development.
Tuning Optical and Electron Donor Properties by Peripheral Thio–Aryl Substitution of Subphthalocyanine: A New Series of Donor–Acceptor Hybrids for Photoinduced Charge Separation

Subphthalocyanine (SubPc), a unique ring-reduced member of the common phthalocyanines family, although known for its higher absorptivity, reveals narrow absorption with peak maxima around 570 nm thus limiting its utility in light-energy-harvesting applications. In the present study, by peripheral thio-aryl substitution of SubPc macrocycle, the spectral properties have been modulated to extend the absorption and emission well into the visible/near-IR region. Additionally, for α-ring-substituted derivatives, facile oxidation of SubPc was witnessed, thus making these derivatives better electron donors. Next, the preparation of donor-acceptor dyads containing the well-known electron acceptor C60 connected to the central boron atom of SubPc was accomplished by making use of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. Control experiments and free-energy calculations using the redox and spectral data suggested that the observed fluorescence quenching of SubPc in these dyads is due to electron transfer. Accordingly, transient spectral studies performed both in polar and nonpolar solvents conclusively proved electron transfer to be the quenching mechanism in these dyads. The measured rate constants by fitting kinetic data revealed efficient charge separation and charge recombination processes, suggesting that these dyads could be useful materials for the construction of light-to-electricity or light-to-fuel production devices.
Rethinking the Bronx’s ‘Soundview Slums’: The Intersecting Histories of Large-Scale Waterfront Redevelopment and Community-Scaled Planning in an Era of Urban Renewal

In the 1910s, the bungalow colony Harding Park developed on marshy Clason Point. Through the 1930s–1950s, Robert Moses sought to modernize this East Bronx waterfront through the Parks Department an...
Minimum upset/failure threshold statistics of devices for HERO/EMV testing

Statistical models for minimum current thresholds of electro-explosive devices (EEDs) have historically employed Gaussian (or Normal) distribution functions when extrapolating to low-level firing probabilities. However, the Gaussian distribution is rather poor for making extrapolations to extrema and, at very low probabilities, often becomes negative which is clearly unphysical. The purpose of this paper is to further investigate the distribution function of EED thresholds through experimentally measuring the threshold of micro-fuses (acting as EED bridgewire surrogates). The Generalized Log-Logistic distribution was determined to have the best fit for the full set of empirical data. However, it was determined that the extreme values (i.e. minimum device thresholds) could be better modeled through application of the Generalized Pareto Theorem. Distribution parameters and associated confidence intervals are statistically determined through maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) methods.
Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Non-intact Reconstructed Beef Patties

We will be manufacturing non-intact reconstructed beef patties, inoculating it with E.coli O157:H7 and aerobically storing in a PVC film-covered foam tray. We will evaluate the cooking inactivation activity of E. coli O157:H7 in beef patties with various cooking time. We will be enumerating survivals on support and selective medium and using USDA-IPMP 2013 software to analyze data and determine the fitted model. Finally, presumptive E. coli O157:H7 survivals will be identified using Enterotube II biochemistry test and latex agglutination test. In this chapter, it requires students to finish part of the work independently.
Explicit Plethystic Formulas for Macdonald q,t-Kostka Coefficients

For a partition set . In [8] Garsia- Tesler proved that if γ is a partition of k and λ = (n − k, γ) is a partition of n, then there is a unique symmetric polynomial kγ (x; q, t) of degree ≤ k with the property that holds true for all partitions μ. It was shown there that these polynomials have Schur function expansions of the form where the kp, γ (q, t) are polynomials in q, t, 1/q. 1/t with integer coefficients. This result yielded the first proof of the Macdonald polynomiality conjecture. It also was used in a proof [7] of the positivity conjecture for the for any λ of the form λ = (r, 2, 1m) and arbitrary μ. In this paper we show that the polynomials kγ (x; q, t) may be given a very simple explicit expression in terms of the operator ▽ studied in [2]. In particular we also obtain a new proof of the polynomiality of the coefficients . Further byproducts of these developments are a new explicit formula for the polynomial and a new derivation of the symmetric function results of Sahi [16] and Knop [11], [12].
Recovery of Somatic Variation in Resistance of Populus to Septoria Musiva

Tissue culture has been used primarily to clonally propagate plants. However, genetic variation has been observed among regenerated plants. Passage of plant cells through a tissue culture cycle can result in increased spontaneous phenotypic and genetic variation. Somaclonal variation is the term used to describe variation exhibited by plants obtained from aseptic culture (Larkin and Scowcroft, 1981). Somatic variation is now considered a general phenomenon and somaclonal variation in disease resistance has been observed in many agronomic crops (Larkin, 1987).
Targeted deletion of Eed arrests thymus development (HEM7P.225)

Polycomb group proteins regulate cell fate and differentiation by modifying histones to maintain chromatin in a compacted state that silences expression of inappropriate genes. EED is an essential core component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 which trimethylates lysine 27 on histone H3. To determine the role of Eed in thymus organogenesis, we excised eed specifically from thymic epithelial cells (TECs) by crossing Eed fl/fl mice with a FoxN1 Cre strain. We found a hypoplastic and highly cystic thymus in four week FoxN1 Cre/+ ; Eed fl/fl mice. Cortical and medullary TECs were depleted in the mutants; however, the cortical compartment was more profoundly affected. TEC depletion was coupled with decreased thymocyte cellularity, which is not surprising given that TECs provide indispensable maturation and survival signals to thymocytes. The thymus and parathyroid glands arise respectively from ventral (Foxn1+) and dorsal (Gcm2+) endodermal progenitors in the 3 rd pharyngeal pouch. We did not observe an alteration in the allocation of endodermal progenitors to a thymus versus parathyroid fate indicating that altered pouch patterning is not responsible for the TEC phenotype. At E15.5, mutant and wildtype fetal thymic lobes were comparable in size and TEC subset composition. However, by E16.5 defects in TEC differentiation and survival are apparent and this phenotype progresses rapidly with age. Current work focuses on the role of eed in maintaining TEC progenitors.
Design and Application of Stimulus-Responsive Droplets and Bubbles Stabilized by Phospholipid Monolayers.

Abstract Biomimetic colloidal particles are promising agents for biosensing, but current technologies fall far short of Nature's capabilities for sensing, assessing, and responding to stimuli. Phospholipid-containing cell membranes are capable of binding and responding to an enormous variety of biomolecules by virtue of membrane organization and the presence of receptor proteins. By tuning the composition and functionalization of simulated membranes, soft colloids such as droplets and bubbles can be designed to respond to various stimuli. Moreover, because lipid monolayers can surround almost any hydrophobic phase, the interior of the colloid can be selected to provide a sensitive readout, for example in the form of optical microscopy or acoustic detection. In this work, we review some advances made by our group and others in the formulation of lipid-coated particles with different internal phases such as fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, or liquid crystals. In some cases, binding or displacement of stabilizing lipids gives rise to conformational changes or disruptions in local membrane geometry, which can be amplified by the interior phase. In other cases, multivalent analytes can promote aggregation or even membrane fusion, which can be utilized for an optical or acoustic readout. By highlighting a few recent examples, we hope to show that lipid monolayers represent a versatile biosensing platform that can react to and detect biomolecules by leveraging the unique capabilities of phospholipid membranes.
Assessment of water and energy use at process level in the U.S. beef packing industry: Case study in a typical U.S. large‐size plant

Food processing industries consume intensive water and energy to produce food products. However, their water and energy data are scarce and require for good measurement approaches. This study presents data collection and analysis of process‐level water and energy use in a large‐size U.S. beef packing plant through a combined use of portable and in‐line meters and theoretical calculations. The kill floor and plant cleaning are the primary water users, accounting for 28.7 and 24.0%, respectively. The refrigeration compressor system is the largest user of electricity, consuming 24.5% of plant‐wide electricity. Heating of water for plant cleaning and food safety purposes is the largest thermal energy use in summer (81%) and second‐largest in winter (49.7%), with unit heating values of 625 and 666 MJ/ton live cattle weight in the summer and winter, respectively. Twice as much thermal energy is used in the winter than summer due to space heating requirements. A regression analysis found that as outdoor temperatures increased, a slight water use increase and larger energy use decrease were observed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently available data on water and energy use in the U.S. beef packing industry are scarce, thus limiting the ability to develop new water and energy efficient technologies and policies based on an understanding of the current baseline operations. The current study conducts a detailed assessment of water and energy use at process level to enhance the understanding of the food‐energy‐water nexus in the beef processing industry, where limited data are available. Engineers can apply this case study as an example to share with their clients seeking to collect and analyze data with the goal of identifying water and energy conservation approaches. These results will inform beef processing researchers as they design novel technologies with that may result in improved water and energy efficiencies.
Correlated response in placental efficiency in swine selected for an index of components of litter size

The objective of this study was to evaluate correlated response in placental efficiency to selection for components of litter size. Fourteen generations of selection had resulted in a difference between lines of three fully formed piglets at birth. Gilts from a line selected for an index of components of litter size (S, n = 33) and a randomly selected control (C, n = 27) were observed at farrowing. At delivery, the umbilical cord of each piglet was double tagged with identically numbered mouse ear tags to allow the piglet's weight to be matched to the corresponding placental weight. Litter size, placental weight, birth weight, and placental vascularity were recorded. Litter size was higher (12.0 +/- 0.7 vs 7.9 +/- 0.7) in S than in C (P < 0.001). Line differences in placental vascularity were not significant with or without adjustment for litter size (P = 0.45 and 0.39, respectively). Correlated response to selection for components of litter size resulted in a reduced birth weight (S 82.6% of C, P < 0.001) and a reduced placental weight (S 90.9% of C, P = 0.11). After adjusting for litter size, line differences in neither placental weight nor birth weight were significant (P = 0.40 and 0.07, respectively), which indicates that the reduction in birth weight was, for the most part, due to the increase in litter size. The result of the difference in the magnitude of the change for both weights was that placental efficiency, measured as the ratio of birth weight:placental weight was 0.43 higher in C (P = 0.05). Adjustment for litter size increased the difference in placental efficiency to 0.52 (P = 0.02). Since a significant difference in litter size favoring the selected line was observed, we hypothesize that this physiological response was achieved through mechanisms other than improved placental efficiency.
Naturally occurring radionuclides from industrial sources: characteristics and fate in the environment

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on radionuclides of the uranium (U) and thorium (Th) decay series. Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) refers to the earth materials (including ores, their processing products and waste byproducts; water; and natural gas) in which human activities have increased, in comparison to the unaltered state, the concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides, and enhanced the potential for radiation exposure to humans or biota. TENORM is typically associated with non-nuclear industries. Uranium milling tailings (UMT) are a component of the nuclear fuel cycle and have generally been considered distinct from TENORM. This is solely a regulatory distinction. There is a large body of knowledge on this form of TENORM, and issues germane to other forms of TENORM are discussed in the chapter. This chapter also focuses on geochemical factors that concentrate radionuclides in certain media; industrial processes that partition these nuclides to various fractions; waste disposal and management; and environmental processes that influence radionuclide mobility.
Developing and Implementing Multioutcome Experiments in Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories to Promote Student Ownership of the Experience: An Example Multioutcome Experiment for the Oxidation of Alcohols.

Single-outcome experiments are used in the undergraduate instructional laboratory, particularly for large lectures associated with multiple sections of instructional laboratories, due in large part...
Intellectual struggles of Kurdish ulema in a post-colonial world: the case of Mullah Ali Zile

Modern Kurdish thought encompasses many factions with diverse social, political, religious and ideological positions in and outside of Turkey.1 While our knowledge about the evolutions of the natio...
A Library of Nucleotide Analogues Terminate RNA Synthesis Catalyzed by Polymerases of Coronaviruses Causing SARS and COVID-19

Abstract SARS-CoV-2, a member of the coronavirus family, is responsible for the current COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. We previously demonstrated that five nucleotide analogues inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), including the active triphosphate forms of Sofosbuvir, Alovudine, Zidovudine, Tenofovir alafenamide and Emtricitabine. We report here the evaluation of a library of additional nucleoside triphosphate analogues with a variety of structural and chemical features as inhibitors of the RdRps of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. These features include modifications on the sugar (2’ or 3’ modifications, carbocyclic, acyclic, or dideoxynucleotides) or on the base. The goal is to identify nucleotide analogues that not only terminate RNA synthesis catalyzed by these coronavirus RdRps, but also have the potential to resist the viruses’ exonuclease activity. We examined these nucleotide analogues with regard to their ability to be incorporated by the RdRps in the polymerase reaction and then prevent further incorporation. While all 11 molecules tested displayed incorporation, 6 exhibited immediate termination of the polymerase reaction (Carbovir triphosphate, Ganciclovir triphosphate, Stavudine triphosphate, Entecavir triphosphate, 3’-O-methyl UTP and Biotin-16-dUTP), 2 showed delayed termination (Cidofovir diphosphate and 2’-O-methyl UTP), and 3 did not terminate the polymerase reaction (2’-fluoro-dUTP, 2’-amino-dUTP and Desthiobiotin-16-UTP). The coronavirus genomes encode an exonuclease that apparently requires a 2’ -OH group to excise mismatched bases at the 3’-terminus. In this study, all of the nucleoside triphosphate analogues we evaluated form Watson-Cricklike base pairs. All the nucleotide analogues which demonstrated termination either lack a 2’-OH, have a blocked 2’-OH, or show delayed termination. These nucleotides may thus have the potential to resist exonuclease activity, a property that we will investigate in the future. Furthermore, prodrugs of five of these nucleotide analogues (Brincidofovir/Cidofovir, Abacavir, Valganciclovir/Ganciclovir, Stavudine and Entecavir) are FDA approved for other viral infections, and their safety profile is well known. Thus, they can be evaluated rapidly as potential therapies for COVID-19.
CHAPTER 14 – Abstract Complexity

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses abstract complexity. It discusses an abstract theory of the amount of resources needed to carry out computations. In practical terms, resources can be measured in various ways: storage space used, time, some weighted average of central processor time and peripheral processor time, some combinations of space and time used, or even monetary cost. A 2-ary partial function is called a complexity measure if it satisfies the Blum axiom. Computer scientists often seek programs that will obtain a desired result using minimum resources. The speedup theorem tells that it is possible for there to be no best program for this purpose. The theorem states that there exists a recursive function that is so badly behaved that for every program to compute it, there is another program which computes the same function but uses much less resources. The proof of the speedup theorem is quite intricate. A diagonal argument constructs an object that is guaranteed not to belong to a given class by systematically ensuring that the object differs in some way from each member of the class. More intricate diagonal arguments often are carried out in an infinite sequence of stages; at each stage, one seeks to ensure that the object being constructed is different from some particular member of the class.
Topical delivery of nordihydroguaretic acid for attenuating cutaneous damage caused by arsenicals.

Abstract This study evaluated the topical delivery of nordihydroguaretic acid (NDGA), a molecule that can potentially alleviate cutaneous damage caused by exposure to arsenic warfare chemicals. N-acetylcysteine (NAC 0.2% w/v) was added as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of NDGA to toxic quinones. A 24 h study was performed to arrive at a minimum concentration of NDGA needed to deliver maximum drug. A solution of 3% w/v delivered the maximum amount of drug at the end of 24 h (37.45 ± 4.32 μg). Short duration studies were carried out to determine the time needed to saturate skin with NDGA. There was no significant difference in the skin concentrations for 24 h and 8 h (14.89 ± 2.36 μg), due to skin saturation. However, there was significant difference in the amount of drug delivered to the epidermis (12.29 ± 1.87 μg) and dermis (2.54 ± 0.56 μg) at the end of 8 h. Solution of NDGA was applied on UV treated skin to assess changes in drug delivery. In vivo studies revealed that 3% NDGA was non-toxic for topical administration.
An osteocalcin-deficient mouse strain without endocrine abnormalities

Osteocalcin (OCN), the most abundant noncollagenous protein in the bone matrix, is reported to be a bone-derived endocrine hormone with wide-ranging effects on many aspects of physiology, including glucose metabolism and male fertility. Many of these observations were made using an OCN-deficient mouse allele (Osc-) in which the 2 OCN-encoding genes in mice, Bglap and Bglap2, were deleted in ES cells by homologous recombination. Here we describe mice with a new Bglap and Bglap2 double-knockout (dko) allele (Bglap/2p.Pro25fs17Ter) that was generated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Mice homozygous for this new allele do not express full-length Bglap or Bglap2 mRNA and have no immunodetectable OCN in their serum. FTIR imaging of cortical bone in these homozygous knockout animals finds alterations in the collagen maturity and carbonate to phosphate ratio in the cortical bone, compared with wild-type littermates. However, μCT and 3-point bending tests do not find differences from wild-type littermates with respect to bone mass and strength. In contrast to the previously reported OCN-deficient mice with the Osc-allele, serum glucose levels and male fertility in the OCN-deficient mice with the Bglap/2pPro25fs17Ter allele did not have significant differences from wild-type littermates. We cannot explain the absence of endocrine effects in mice with this new knockout allele. Possible explanations include the effects of each mutated allele on the transcription of neighboring genes, or differences in genetic background and environment. So that our findings can be confirmed and extended by other interested investigators, we are donating this new Bglap and Bglap2 double-knockout strain to the Jackson Laboratories for academic distribution.
The sacred fire: Wittgenstein, Pseudo-Denys, and transparency to the divine

In order to explore what it means to pursue philosophical investigations for theological reasons, this paper argues that Ludwig Wittgenstein continues and corrects Pseudo-Denys’ project in The Divi...
Methods for computational gene prediction

Inferring the precise locations and splicing patterns of genes in DNA is a difficult but important task, with broad applications to biomedicine. The mathematical and statistical techniques that have been applied to this problem are surveyed and organized into a logical framework based on the theory of parsing. Both established approaches and methods at the forefront of current research are discussed. Numerous case studies of existing software systems are provided, in addition to detailed examples that work through the actual implementation of effective gene-predictors using hidden Markov models and other machine-learning techniques. Background material on probability theory, discrete mathematics, computer science, and molecular biology is provided, making the book accessible to students and researchers from across the life and computational sciences. This book is ideal for use in a first course in bioinformatics at graduate or advanced undergraduate level, and for anyone wanting to keep pace with this rapidly-advancing field.
Use of exercise echocardiography for prognostic evaluation of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease

Abstract Objectives. This study prospectively compared the incremental prognostic benefit of exercise echocardiography with that of exercise testing in a large cohort. Background. Exercise echocardiography is widely accepted as a diagnostic tool, but the prognostic information provided by this test, incremental to clinical and stress testing evaluation, is ill- defined. Methods. Clinical, exercise and echocardiographic variables were studied in a consecutive group of 500 patients undergoing exercise echocardiography. After exclusion of patients who underwent revascularization within 3 months of the stress test (n = 16, 3%) and those lost to follow-up (n = 21, 4%), the remaining 463 patients (mean [±SD] age 57 ± 12 years, 302 men) were followed-up for 44 ± 11 months. Outcome was related to the exercise and echocardiographic findings, and the incremental prognostic benefit of exercise echocardiography was compared with that of standard exercise testing. Results. Cardiac events occurred in 81 patients (17%), including 33 (7%) with spontaneous events (cardiac death, myocardial infarction and unstable angina) and 48 with late revascularizations due to progressive symptoms. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, the likelihood of any cardiac eventwas increased in the presence of ischemia (relative risk [RR] 5.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.09 to 8.29, p Conclusions. The presence of ischemia on the exercise echocardiogram can predict whether patients will experience an event. This relation is independent of, and incremental to, clinical and exercise data. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;30:83–90)
Optics at ESL: Past and present

We summarize activities in optics and photonics research at the ElectroScience Laboratory over the years.
Femoral Neck Anteversion and Lesser Trochanteric Retroversion in Patients With Ischiofemoral Impingement: A Case-Control Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose To assess the relationship between the femoral neck version (FNV) and lesser trochanteric version (LTV) in symptomatic patients with ischiofemoral impingement (IFI) as compared with asymptomatic hips. Methods The FNV and LTV of patients with symptomatic IFI who underwent magnetic resonance imaging assessment including a standardized femoral version study protocol were compared with those of patients with asymptomatic hips in this retrospective, observational study. Patients with isolated intra-articular pathology, prior hip fracture, and lesser trochanter deformity were excluded. The FNV, LTV, ischiofemoral space, and quadratus femoris space were evaluated on axial magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the angle between the LTV and the FNV. Independent t -tests were used to determine differences between groups. Results Data from 11 out 15 symptomatic patients and 250 out of 320 asymptomatic patients were analyzed. The mean ischiofemoral space (11.9 v 22.9 mm; P v 14.9 mm; P v −24.2°; P = .8; 95% CI, −7.5 to 6.4), however, the mean FNV (21.7° v 14.1°; P = .02; 95% CI, −14.2 to −1.1) and the angle between the FNV and LTV on average (45.4° v 38.3°; P = .01; 95% CI, −12.9 to −1.3) were higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients, with statistical significance. Conclusions The femoral mean neck anteversion and the mean angle between the FNV and LTV are significantly higher in patients with symptomatic IFI. The mean LTV is not increased in patients with symptomatic ischiofemoral impingement as compared with those patients with asymptomatic hips. Level of Evidence Level III, diagnostic study.
Analysis of Proteins of Mouse Sarcoma Pseudotype Viruses: Type-Specific Radioimmunoassays for Ecotropic Virus p30's

Murine sarcoma virus pseudotypes were prepared by infection of nonproducer cells (A1-2), which were transformed by the Gazdar strain of mouse sarcoma virus, with Gross (N-tropic), WN1802B (B-tropic), or Moloney (NB-tropic) viruses. The respective host range pseudotype sarcoma viruses were defined by the titration characteristics on cells with the appropriate Fv-1 genotype. Proteins from virus progeny were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Bands present in both the 65,000- and the 10,000- to 20,000- molecular-weight regions of the gel distinguished the pseudotype viruses from their respective helpers. Furthermore, two protein bands were noted in the p30 region of murine sarcoma virus (Gross), one corresponding to Gross virus p30, and another of slightly slower mobility. However, since the mobility of the putative sarcoma p30 is nearly indentical to that of WN1802B, its presence could not be established by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Type-specific radioimmunoassays for Gross virus p30 and for WN1802B p30 were applied for analysis of pseudotype preparations, and among several ecotropic viruses tested, only the homologous virus scored in the respective assay. By use of these assays, pseudotype viruses were found to contain only 8 to 48% helper-specific p30's; the remainder is presumably derived from the sarcoma virus.
SEXUAL ACTIVITY, CONTRACEPTION, GENITAL INFECTIONS, AND CERVICAL CANCER: SUPPORT FOR A SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE HYPOTHESIS

A case-control study was conducted in Utah between 1984 and 1987 to examine risk factors for cervical cancer. Interviews were completed with 266 histologically confirmed carcinoma in situ and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer cases who were categorically matched by age to 408 controls. Among the factors identified as altering risk for cervical cancer, after adjustment for age, education, church attendance, and cigarette smoking, were: having numerous sex partners (odds ratio (OR) = 8.99 for 10 or more partners); the current mate having several sex partners (adjusted OR for 10 or more partners = 8.62); using foam or jelly as a contraceptive method (OR, adjusted for number of sex partners, = 0.44); reported Trichomonas infection (OR, adjusted for number of sex partners, = 2.10); and herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as determined by 2:1 neutralization index values above 100 (OR = 2.70). A protective effect was noted from the use of diaphragms (OR = 0.67) or condoms (OR = 0.53) in women who reported more than one sex partner. These data support the hypothesis that cervical cancer is a sexually transmitted disease.
'Warning: Predatory Lender' - A Proposal for Candid Predatory Small Loan Ordinances

Over a hundred different local governments around the country have adopted ordinances restricting high cost, small loans. This trend reflects the solid majority of the American public that opposes the legality of triple-digit interest rate loans and the long historical tradition of treating “payday” and car-title lending as a serious civil offense or even a crime. Nevertheless, perhaps owing to limits on municipal power, local payday lending law has generated relatively little scholarship or commentary. This paper describes the existing local law governing small, high-cost consumer loans and proposes a more emphatic ordinance that better reflects the policy judgment of many local leaders and a solid majority of the America public. In particular, this paper (1) introduces the historical background of regulation of usurious lending; (2) analyzes the recent growth in local ordinances attempting to control small, high-cost loans; (3) discusses the evidence of market failure in the small high-cost loan market; (4) proposes a model ordinance requiring that lenders who offer loans in excess of 45% per annum display a cautionary message that reads: “Warning: Predatory Lender,” on their street, storefront, and other on-premises signs; and, (5) argues that the well-established municipal authority over signage provides a solid statutory and constitutional basis for such a law. An appendix with a model ordinance suitable for adoption by most local governments follows.
Retrospective analysis of prognosticators in patients with relapsed Hodgkin’s Lymphoma treated with autologous transplant: results of a single center

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is highly chemoresponsive, and majority of patients respond to therapy except for a small number which require high-dose therapy and stem cell rescue for salvage. We report the results of a single-center experience in 41 patients with relapsed HL treated with high-dose therapy at the time of relapse from the year 1989–2010. The 7-year OS for the group is 39.2 %; the median progression-free survival is 30.6 months. Univariate analysis identified refractory disease at transplant and extranodal involvement as important prognosticators. The 100-day mortality was 5 %. The most common cause for delayed mortality was disease progression. The incidence of secondary malignancy in the group was 2 %. Our results reinforce the significance of long-term follow up as late relapses are observed. Additionally, identifying biological prognosticators and implying them for treatment may improve the outcomes in poor-risk patients.
Leucine toxicity in a neuronal cell model with inhibited branched chain amino acid catabolism.

Individuals with the inborn error of metabolism, maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), are identified by newborn screening programs and treated with protein-modified diets that allow near normal growth and development. However, regardless of cause, a protein insult leads to metabolic decompensation, resulting in brain cell damage. The mechanism responsible for the damage is not well characterized due, in part, to the lack of an appropriate experimental model system with impaired branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) activity. Here, we describe the construction of a rat pheochromocytoma cell (PC12) model harboring a doxycycline-controlled BCKD-kinase transgene. When BCKD-kinase is over-expressed in these cells, the endogenous BCKD activity is decreased, blocking branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. In cells over-expressing BCKD-kinase, addition of 25 mM leucine to the medium results in cell death. This experimental cell model accurately mimics the neuronal dysfunction in maple syrup urine disease and should facilitate further understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and neuronal cell branched chain amino acid metabolism in general.
Sufficient conditions for fast quasi-Monte Carlo convergence

We study the approximation of d-dimensional integrals. We present sufficient conditions for fast quasi-Monte Carlo convergence. They apply to isotropic and non-isotropic problems and, in particular, to a number of problems in computational finance. We show that the convergence rate of quasi-Monte Carlo is of order n-1+p{log n}-1/2 with p≥0. This is a worst case result. Compared to the expected rate n-1/2 of Monte Carlo it shows the superiority of quasi-Monte Carlo.
Eikonal Method in Atomic Collisions. I

A complete and systematic quantal description of atomic collisions is developed employing the eikonal method. The lowest-order approximation involves the solution of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for the electrons in the rectilinear trajectories of the atomic nuclei. The differential scattering amplitude (and hence the differential cross section) for the various reaction channels is expressed as a Fraunhofer integral, over the impact parameter, of the asymptotic state amplitudes. This completely avoids the ambiguities involved in obtaining an effective interatomic potential. Higher-order corrections are exhibited. However, the lowest-order approximation not only is valid at high energies, but penetrates deeply into the adiabatic regime, probably down to 100 eV. Numerical calculations will be presented in a later paper.
Can God Speak a Word to Man? Barth's Critique of Schleiermacher's Theology

It is well-known that Karl Barth, in his ringing denunciation of Protestant theology as it had developed in the nineteenth century and into the first decades of the twentieth century, gave especial emphasis to the figure of Fried rich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher. Barth considered Schleiermacher to be the greatest theologian of the liberal Protestant tradition as well as its fountainhead. He expressly and repeatedly repudiated Schleiermacher's theology, and his criticism was often stinging. On one occasion, for instance, Barth denied that his own theological ‘ancestral line’ could include Schleiermacher, because he could only judge that Schleiermacher had never learned the basic point that ‘one can not speak of God simply by speaking of man in a loud voice’.
Observations of Superinertial and Near-Inertial Wind-driven Flow

Abstract The superinertial and near-inertial wind-driven flow in the western North Atlantic is examined using data from two recent experiments. The Frontal Air–Sea Interaction Experiment (FASINEX) took place at 27°N, 70°W during 1986. The Long-Term Upper-Ocean Study (LOTUS) took place at 34°N, 70°W during 1982. Each experiment included moored measurements of meteorological variables that allowed estimation of the wind stress and oceanic currents. The directly wind-driven flow is isolated from other sources of variability, such as internal waves and mooring motion, using a transfer function between geocentric acceleration and wind stress. The transfer function is examined in rotary spectral bands bounded by periods of 36 and 12 h, and 12 and 2 h. For surface-moored observations, wind-driven mooring motion is found to cause a response that extends at least to 1000 m (much deeper than the frictional layer of direct wind forcing). Once this artifact is removed, the directly wind-driven flow is identified. Thi...
Analysis of concurrent glucose consumption by the hexose monophosphate shunt, glycolysis, and the polyol pathway in the crystalline lens.

Abstract A method based on 13 C-NMR spectroscopy is described, in which the metabolism of [ 13 C 2 ]glucose was assessed in intact rat lenses. By analysing the ratio of 13 C 3 ( 13 C 2 + 13 C 3 ) lactate, a quantitative measurement of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity could be derived. Similarly, measurements of the time-dependent increase of lactate and sorbitol permitted the determination of the activity of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the polyol pathway, respectively. This method offers significant advantages over other biochemical and spectroscopic methods and allows for the first time a direct correlation between the activities of the polyol pathway and the HMPS.
Distribution and background levels of mercury in sediment cores from selected wisconsin lakes

The vertical distribution of Hg in sediment cores from a range of hard- and soft-water lakes in Wisconsin was evaluated in terms of potential sources of Hg during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. For the Madison lakes, the trends in Hg distribution were related to variations in sewage inputs during the last 80 yr. It is unlikely that either inputs of sewage or erosional products are responsible for the observed accumulation of Hg in the most recent sediments from three lakes in northeastern Wisconsin. Background levels varied from 0.01 to 0.24 ppm of Hg (intact sediment basis) in precultural sediments from the Wisconsin lakes investigated. There was no consistent relationship between the concentration of Hg and other sediment components of potential importance in the retention of Hg.
Tightly regulated induction of the adhesion molecule necl-5/CD155 during rat liver regeneration and acute liver injury

TuAg1/TagE4, the rat ortholog of the human poliovirus receptor CD155, is expressed on a high percentage of rat hepatocellular carcinomas. Recent studies have shown that TuAg1/TagE4/CD155 is a member of the nectin family of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like cell adhesion molecules, designated necl-5. Necl-5 is present at exceedingly low levels in adult epithelial tissues but is upregulated in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, suggesting that disruption of liver architecture triggers its expression. To explore this possibility, we examined expression of necl-5 after two-thirds partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute injury. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), we found that necl-5 mRNA levels increased 15-fold by 9 hours, and decreased to 4-fold above baseline by 24 hours after partial hepatectomy. Necl-5 mRNA levels increased over 100-fold 6 hours after treatment with CCl4, reaching a peak of 140-fold above baseline by 10 hours, and thereafter rapidly declining. Necl-5 was localized at the membrane of midlobular and centrilobular hepatocytes 10 to 48 hours after CCl4 exposure. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a close correlation between the kinetics of necl-5 expression and the immediate-early response gene c-myc. Subconfluent cultures of the non-transformed liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 expressed high levels of necl-5, which was down-regulated as cells approached confluence. The transformed WB-F344 line GP7TB did not demonstrate density-dependent regulation of necl-5 expression. In conclusion, we report the in vivo induction of necl-5 in rat hepatocytes and provide evidence that both necl-5 mRNA and protein are tightly regulated in adult epithelial cells and tissue.
Methods for assessing display measurement capabilities

When characterizing or calibrating electronic displays, the technical staff needs to understand the capabilities and limitations of the measuring instrumentation used. Once these parameters are established, the metrologist can make meaningful decisions about the appropriateness of the instrument, identify potential errors, and remedy solutions if applicable. Several tools are introduced to facilitate the assessment of display measurement systems: the display measurement assessment standard (DMATS), the gamut assessment standard (GAS) and several stray-light elimination tools. Employing these tools, one can better understand the measurement capabilities of the facility and possibly make desired improvements.
Lighting the dark silicon by exploiting heterogeneity on future processors

As we embrace the deep submicron era, dark silicon caused by the failure of Dennard scaling impedes us from attaining commensurate performance benefit from the increased number of transistors. To alleviate the dark silicon and effectively leverage the advantage of decreased feature size, we consider a set of design paradigms by exploiting heterogeneity in the processor manufacturing. We conduct a thorough investigation on these design patterns from different evaluation perspectives including performance, energy-efficiency, and cost-efficiency. Our observations can provide insightful guidance to the design of future processors in the presence of dark silicon.
Measuring trait communication apprehension: A test of rival measurement models of the PRCA‐24

The purpose of the present investigation was to test three rival measurement models of a common measure of trait communication apprehension, the PRCA‐24. The rival models include a linear, unidimensional model, a Guttman simplex, and a second‐order factor structure. These models are discussed in terms of their conceptual implications, their psychometric properties, the empirical evidence needed for their support, and their implications for both prior and subsequent research. To test these models, a nationwide sample of responses to the PRCA‐24 (N = 8879) was analyzed. The results of a variety of statistical procedures indicate that the second‐order factor model best fits the data. This model is consistent with prior conceptual work by McCroskey (1984a) and was replicated with two additional data sets.