cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical Imaginings and Multimodal Arguments at the European Green Belt

Abstract We analyze the visual, verbal, and material arguments present at the European Green Belt (EGB), a contemporary conservation project built from the former Iron Curtain. The EGB presents itself as a “living memorial” that fuses together former warring countries and thus makes an argument for the unity of Europe. To analyze this incredibly diverse and rhetorically significant project, we put the digital representations of the site and the discourse around the EGB into conversation with situated, rhetorical criticism performed along the EGB site itself. We analyze the EGB’s different argumentative juxtapositions regarding history and memory, nonhuman nature and technology, peace and war, memorial and tourism, and preservation and restoration. Overall, we find that the transformation of the Iron Curtain from divisive border into a European-wide, transboundary biodiversity conservation project uses transcendence as a key argumentative structure, which has implications for how we understand the human relationship with the environment, history, and memory
Sciatic nerve injury model in rabbits: What to expect:

Rabbits are commonly used for sciatic nerve injuries larger than 1.5 cm. This report provides insight into risks and benefits associated with using rabbit models in sciatic nerve injury models and ...
Model selection applied to 750 outpatient ICD-9 codes identifies hazards important for all-cause cancer mortality in 2 million veterans with 14 years of follow-up.

2053Background: Cost-benefit analysis before undergoing cancer treatments can involve a broad array of factors, yet existing statistical algorithms are limited to a few of the most commonly observe...
Abstract 4410: Automatic detection of consensus gene clusters across multiple single-cell datasets

Identifying co-expressed gene clusters can provide evidence for cellular activities. Thus, co-expression clustering will be a routine step in single-cell RNA-seq data analysis. We show that commonly used clustering methods for bulk-seq data are not suitable for single-cell data, and produce results that substantially disagree in the biological expectations of co-expressed genes. Herein, we present scLM, a tailored method for single-cell data, to extract co-expressed gene clusters matching the biological expectations and outperform widely used methods. Additionally, scLM can simultaneously cluster multiple single-cell datasets, i.e. consensus clustering, enabling users to leverage the large quantity of public data for novel comparative analysis. ScLM takes raw count data as input and preserves biological variations without being influenced by batch effects from multiple datasets. Results from both simulation data and real experimental data demonstrate that scLM outperforms the existing methods with considerably improved accuracy. To illustrate the biological insights of scLM, we apply it to our in-house and public experimental scRNA-Seq datasets. ScLM identifies novel functional gene modules and refines cell states, which facilitates mechanism discovery and understanding of complex biosystems such as cancers. Citation Format: Qianqian Song, Jing Su, Lance D. Miller, Wei Zhang. Automatic detection of consensus gene clusters across multiple single-cell datasets [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4410.
From energy privilege to energy justice: A framework for embedded sustainable development

Abstract Addressing concerns of justice related to energy has gained increased international attention with the adoption of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals. However, scholarship has largely neglected connections between the concepts of sustainable development and energy justice, and offers few related evaluative tools. Moreover, the dominant energy development paradigm—what I term ‘energy privilege’—has received limited attention and theoretical grounding. By critically engaging theory from Karl Polanyi with concepts from environmental justice and political theory, the article develops a framework to differentiate between ‘embedded’ and ‘disembedded’ sustainable development. This framework is then applied to develop a set of principles and criteria by which energy projects, initiatives, and systems can be assessed in terms of contributing to energy justice as compared to energy privilege. The resulting framework focuses on how energy-related resources, rights, and representation take shape across the three interlocking spheres of sustainable development: the economic, the environmental, and the social. It provides a practicable tool for communities and decision-makers to evaluate the extent to which individual projects and broader energy systems are both just and sustainable.
Acclimation to tidal conditions alters the physiological responses of the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas, to subsequent emersion

Animals inhabiting the intertidal zone are exposed to abrupt changes in environmental conditions associated with the rise and fall of the tide. For convenience, the majority of laboratory studies on intertidal organisms have acclimated individuals to permanently submerged conditions in seawater tanks. In this study, the green shore crab, Carcinus maenas was acclimated to either a simulated tidal regime of continuous emersion-immersion ('tidal') or to permanently submerged conditions ('non-tidal') to assess their physiological responses to subsequent emersion. Tidal crabs exhibited an endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption during continuous submersion with lower oxygen consumption during periods of anticipated emersion, which was not detected in non-tidal crabs. During emersion, tidal crabs were able to buffer apparent changes in acid-base balance and exhibited no change in venous pH, whereas non-tidal crabs developed an acidosis associated with a rise in lactate levels. These results indicated that tidal crabs were better able to sustain aerobic metabolism and had lower metabolic costs during emersion than non-tidal crabs. It is likely that the elevated levels of haemocyanin exhibited by tidal crabs allowed them to maintain oxygen transport and buffer pH changes during emersion. This suggests that acclimation of C. maenas to submerged conditions results in a loss of important physiological mechanisms that enable it to tolerate emersion. The results of this study show that caution must be taken when acclimating intertidal organisms to submerged conditions in the laboratory, as it may abolish important physiological responses and adaptations that are critical to their performance when exposed to air.
The Dorsalis Pedis Fasciocutaneous Flap

The dorsalis pedis (DP) fasciocutaneous flap is an axial pattern flap base on the dorsalis pedis artery. It is a thin flap and can be used as the flap of choice for the reconstruction of the dorsum of the foot as a pedicled flap by rotating it around its axis, or as a free flap for the reconstruction of the hand and other small soft tissue defects. It has a reliable vascular and sensory anatomy and allows for a sensate reconstruction. This is an important factor when used in weight-bearing areas of the body. When the radial forearm flap is not available, the DP flap with its long vascular pedicle and thin fasciocutaneous component provides a good option. Several variants of the DP flap include an osseocutaneous flap using the second metatarsophalangeal joint for hand reconstruction. Also, a composite vascularized flap utilizing the extensor tendons of the toes can be used for complex thumb reconstruction when there is tendon loss.
Role of Coulomb interaction in the phase formation of fcc Ce: Correlation matrix renormalization theory

The effect of electronic Coulomb interaction on the phase formation of fcc Ce lattice is investigated by full ab initio calculations without adjustable Coulomb $U$ and $J$ parameters using the Gutzwiller wavefunction-based correlation matrix renormalization theory (CMRT). Its total energy and pressure as a function of volume agree reasonably well with existing $\text{DFT}+\text{Gutzwiller}$ calculations and experiments, indicating correct capture of electronic correlation and screening effects within the CMRT formalism. A stable phase is found in line with the experimental $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-Ce phase, and a lurking phase is identified supposedly linked with the experimental $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-Ce phase. A criterion based on the local $4f$ electron charge fluctuation is introduced to confirm the distinct electronic correlation natures of both phases.
Effects of precipitate on the phase transformation of single-crystal NiTi alloy under thermal and mechanical loads: A molecular dynamics study

Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out in this study to investigate the stress-induced and temperature-induced phase transformations in NiTi shape memory alloy in the presence of Ni4Ti3 precipitate. NiTi alloys form the most popular class of shape memory alloys that have many applications in various industries. Therefore, computational simulation of the material behavior can extend our understanding of the material properties and help the development of alloys with tailored properties. In the simulations, an Ni4Ti3 precipitate (with a rhombohedral crystal structure) was generated and embedded into the NiTi matrix (having a B2 crystal structure). The transformation temperatures were computed by applying a cooling-heating cycle starting from a high temperature. At the austenitic state (at a temperature above Af), a monotonically increasing uniaxial compressive force was applied to the models with and without precipitate and, as expected, both models exhibited superelastic behavior. Furthermore, similar models were made for different directions of the compressive force relative to the crystallographic directions to study the direction dependence of the mechanical response. For all the loading directions that phase transformation happened, a larger hysteresis occurred for the precipitated model compared to the pristine NiTi due to the hindrance of reverse phase transformation in presence of the precipitate. The results show that the precipitate has a pronounced effect on the superelastic behavior in 〈100〉 loading directions.
Genetic and Demographic Considerations in Endangered Species Captive Breeding and Reintroduction Programs

Cooperative captive breeding programs, managed on a regional or international level, can significantly aid in the preservation of endangered and threatened species. The primary goal of these programs is to establish demographically secure and self-sustaining captive populations to aid, through reintroduction programs, the survival of wild populations. To serve this role effectively, captive populations must be managed demographically and genetically. Demographic management focuses on managing population growth while genetic management concentrates on maintaining genetic diversity through mate selection strategies based on detailed pedigree analyses. Measures of mean kinship and genome uniqueness allow ranking of individuals according to their contribution to maintaining heterozygosity and allelic diversity, respectively. Reintroduction programs provide a particularly difficult challenge to conservation. Among many issues is the problem of selecting candidates from a captive population for a reintroduction program. An important genetic goal of reintroduction programs is to reintroduce the full complement of genetic diversity present in the captive population to the wild population. Again, mean kinship and genome uniqueness can be used to initially identify candidates for reintroduction.
The Right to Remain Silent Helps Only the Guilty

In a recent issue of the Harvard Law Review, Professors Daniel Seidmann and Alex Stein argue that the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination helps the innocent. It does so, they contend, by encouraging the guilty to remain silent instead of concocting false alibis. Because juries know that the guilty will remain silent, Seidmann and Stein claim, juries will believe the alibis of the innocent at trial. Their argument rests on a game-theoretic account of how rational defendants should act during interrogation to maximize their chances of success at trial. This Essay critiques Seidmann and Stein's article. Seidmann and Stein's elegant game-theoretic construct avails them little because their premises, methodology, and conclusion do not mirror reality. Though their theory predicts that rational suspects will remain silent, roughly eighty to ninety percent of suspects talk to the police. Seidmann and Stein acknowledge this fact but dismiss it as irrational behavior, because in their view rational suspects would remain silent in preparation for trial. By doing so, they succumb to the temptation to ignore messy facts that do not fit their neat theoretical model. And they, like most criminal procedure scholars, mistakenly view trials as the center of the universe and assume that rational suspects care mainly about maximizing their chances of success at trial. In fact, for most suspects trial is not a realistic option; as this Essay explains, most would prefer either to lie and throw police off the scent or confess and cooperate with the police. In short, Seidmann and Stein err in viewing interrogation as a mere prelude to the inevitable trial and focusing on the latter.
Voluntary Disclosures, Corporate Control, and Investment

We examine the valuation and capital allocation roles of voluntary disclosure when managers have private information regarding the firm’s investment opportunities, but an efficient market for corporate control influences their investment decisions. For managers with long-term stakes in the firm, the equilibrium disclosure region is two-tailed: only extreme good news and extreme bad news is disclosed in equilibrium. Moreover, the market’s stock price and investment responses to bad news disclosures are stronger than the responses to good news disclosures, which is consistent with the empirical evidence. We also find that myopic managers are more likely to withhold bad news in good economic times when markets can independently assess expected investment returns.
Cardiac Phantom Evaluation of Simultaneously Acquired Dual-Isotope Rest Thallium-201/Stress Technetium-99m SPECT Images

Simultaneously acquired dual-isotope 201Tl/99mTc SPECT studies were performed using cardiac and thoracic phantoms to evaluate the dual-isotope myocardial perfusion technique. Cardiac phantom images representing infarction, viable myocardium and various levels of ischemia were analyzed. Studies with and without attenuating media were performed, and myocardium-to-defect count ratios and defect sizes from dual-isotope SPECT images were compared to myocardium-to-defect count ratios and defect sizes from single-isotope (201Tl and 99mTc) SPECT images. Dual-isotope studies also were interpreted qualitatively. Studies with background activity simulating clinical conditions were performed and interpreted qualitatively. Myocardium-to-defect count ratios from both 99mTc and 201Tl were similar in single-isotope and dual-isotope SPECT images. Thallium-201 and 99mTc defect sizes were decreased slightly (mean +/- s.d., 1.0 +/- 1.7 cc for 201Tl and 0.7 +/- 1.0 cc for 99mTc) on dual studies when compared to single studies but were not statistically significant. Dual-isotope image simulations of normal, ischemic and infarcted and viable myocardium were correctly identified by experienced clinicians in 95% of the cases (21/22). Simultaneous dual-isotope 201Tl/99mTc SPECT imaging of cardiac phantoms produced images that had similar myocardium-to-defect count ratios to those produced using single-isotope techniques and were correctly evaluated on qualitative analysis. Changes in defect size related to dual-isotope imaging were minimal and not qualitatively important.
Retrograde (Volar) Scaphoid Screw Insertion—A Quantitative Computed Tomographic Analysis

Purpose The benefit of placing the screw tip in the center of the proximal pole of the scaphoid is supported by clinical and biomechanical data. In this investigation we attempted to quantify guidelines for optimal screw insertion into the scaphoid through a volar percutaneous approach using measurements from computed tomography images. Methods The parameters of safe insertion of a 3.0-mm cannulated-headed screw (Synthes, Paoli, PA) using a volar (retrograde) insertion technique were measured using quantitative computer analysis of computed tomography images of 15 unfractured scaphoids. In the coronal plane the average screw length for the most radial, most ulnar, and intermediate paths for safe screw insertion and the radial clearance of the trapezium were measured. In the sagittal planes defined by these screw paths the length of the screw, the length and depth of the concavity on the volar surface of the scaphoid, and the distance between a line corresponding to the center of the screw path and the volar surface of the trapezium were measured. Results Significant differences (1-way analysis of variance) were measured for the average screw lengths for different screw insertion paths in both the coronal and sagittal planes (with the shortest screw lengths observed for the most ulnar starting points) and for the volar clearance of the trapezium, which was greater for a radial screw path. The intermediate screw path—a measure of optimal screw insertion—passed radial to the radial edge of the trapezium in 10 of 15 patients (67%) with an average clearance of 3.9 mm (range, 1.1–7.9 mm) in those patients. The depth of the concavity on the volar surface of the scaphoid averaged 1.6, 2.0, and 2.5 mm in the 3 sagittal planes. Conclusions Screw fixation of the scaphoid through a volar approach is hindered by the trapezium, risks cutout through the concavity in the volar surface of the scaphoid, and is most likely to violate the dorsoulnar aspect of the radiocarpal articular surface of the scaphoid if the screw is too long. A relatively radial starting point facilitates placement of the screw tip in the center of the proximal pole and helps avoid the trapezium but drilling or partial excision of the trapezium often may be necessary for optimal screw placement.
Absent aortic valve: successful palliation in the neonate

A successful palliation of a neonate with absent aortic valve in hypoplastic left heart syndrome is reported.
Dysregulated Expression of Soluble Immune Mediator Receptors in a Subset of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:: Cross-Sectional Categorization of Patients by Immune Status

Individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) have significantly increased proportions of activated CD8+T cells, decreased natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxic and lymphoproliferative activities, elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and detectable TNF-β, interleukin (IL)-lβ, and IL-6 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We report here that CFS patients as a group also have significantly higher levels, as compared to controls, of soluble TNF receptor type I (sTNF-RI or sCDl20a), sIL-6R (sCD126) and β2-microglobulin (β2-m), but not of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Correlative and population distribution studies that included lymphoid phenotypic distributions and function as well as soluble immune mediator expression levels revealed the existence of at least two mainly nonoverlapping immunological categories among CFS patients with either: (1) dysregulaled TNF-α/β expression in association with changes in the serum levels of IL-lα, IL-4, sIL-2R and IL-lRa, PBMC-associated...
Sunscreen use among Recreational Cyclists: how Intentions Predict Reported Behavior

A nationwide survey measured 927 recreational cyclists' cognitions and perceptions about skin cancer risks, along with sun protection practices and predictors of sunscreen use while cycling. Multiple regressions evaluated associations between perceived costs, rewards, photoaging, self-efficacy and sunscreen use, and potential moderators of the associations between intentions and sunscreen use were examined. Results suggest that when cyclists see the advantages of using sunscreen, are worried about photoaging, and feel efficacious, they have stronger intentions to apply sunscreen before riding. Intentions to use sunscreen while cycling predict reported use of sunscreen, particularly when cyclists perceive sunscreen application as easy and viable.
Hyper-and Hyponatremia among Geropsychiatric Inpatients

We report our experience treating 14 elderly psychiatric patients with altered sodium states. Hypernatremia occurs more commonly among elderly psychiatric patients than among their younger counterparts, and elderly hypernatremic psychiatric patients suffer most commonly from dementia. Dilutional hyponatremia is less common and less severe among elderly schizophrenic patients compared with younger patients with schizophrenia. Central nervous system changes induced by altered sodium states among elderly psychiatric patients are sufficiently similar whether hyper- or hyponatremia is present; therefore, the clinician must not wait for specific features to develop, but must quickly measure serum sodium concentration in elderly psychiatric patients with altered mental states. Treatment of hypernatremia involves rehydration with normal saline or hypotonic solutions, and treatment of dilutional hyponatremia largely involves fluid restriction.
Application of Perturbation Simulations in Population Risk Assessment for Different Life History Strategies and Elasticity Patterns

ABSTRACT Population structure and life history strategies are determinants of how populations respond to stressor-induced impairments in organism-level responses. Effects on population growth rate were modeled using seven theoretical constructs that represented the life history strategies and elasticity patterns of a broad range of species. Simulations of low to high ranges of simultaneous reductions in survival and reproduction were conducted and results indicated that stressor impacts on population growth rate were a function of population characteristics and the magnitude of the stress. Species that had high reproductive elasticity had greater population-level impacts than species with high survival elasticity for the same organism-level effects. Perturbation simulations were performed to assess the extinction risk in two species with similar elasticity patterns but different life history strategies: mysid shrimp, Americamysis bahia, and the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, which can be related to classic...
Release of superoxide dismutase-1 by day 3 embryos of varying quality and implantation potential.

Purpose To determine if the antioxidant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1 or Cu,Zn-SOD) is released by cultured human cleavage-stage embryos and to assess any link between SOD1 and implantation potential.
Studies on the transport and transformation of PCBs in plants

Abstract The uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from soil by terrestrial plants was investigated. The results revealed a lack of active transport of these compounds through the plant xylem system. No measurable evidence of metabolism of PCBs in plants was observed.
EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER TO NEWBORN RABBIT LUNGS. † 2013

EFFECT OF SURFACTANTS ON ADENOVIRUS-MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER TO NEWBORN RABBIT LUNGS. † 2013
The characters of some representations of Harish-Chandra

Let G be a connected semisimpte real matrix group and K a maximal compact subgroup. Assume that G/K is Hermitian symmetric. For such groups G, HarishChandra has constructed in [2] a class {Ta} of Frechet representations of G parameterized by a discrete cone. If 2 satisfies a certain set of inequalities. Th is infinitesimally equivalent to a holomorphic discrete series representation. In this special case Martens has obtained a character formula 0h for Th (cf. [8]). This formula, as it is defined, makes sense as a function for any 2, and one can show that it determines an invariant, though not necessarily tempered, eigendistribution. It is natural therefore to ask whether Oh is the character of 2r~ in general. (The method used in [8] depends strongly on the special condition imposed upon 2.) The main result of this paper is a positive answer to this question. Recently Schmid has obtained semi-explicit formulas for characters of discrete series for G as above. He has also shown that Blattner's conjecture, which predicts exact multiplicities of irreducible K-modules in discrete series, holds, provided that the formal multiplicities of K-modules in the distribution 0 h given by 0 h, are the same as their multiplicities in Th (el. [9], Chapter 7). Hence in view of Schmid's results and those in this paper, Blattner's conjecture holds for all groups G such that G/K is Hermitian symmetric. Unlike all previous partial solutions this proof of Blattner's conjecture works for all discrete series representations of G.
S-R compatibility between response position and destination of apparent motion: Evidence of the detection of affordances.

In choice reaction time, stimuli and responses in some combinations (e.g., based on spatial arrangement) are faster than in other combinations. To test whether motion toward a position yields faster responses at that position, a computer-generated square in front of one hand appeared to move either toward that hand or toward the other hand. Compatible responses (e.g., motion toward left hand/left response) were faster than incompatible responses, even when that opposed traditional positional compatibility. In Experiment 2, subjects responded to the same stimuli but with both hands left, right, or on the body midline. Medial responses were the fastest, showing that destination, rather than mere relative position, was a critical variable. It was suggested that spatial compatibility effects are not unique to position but apply to a variety of task situations, describable by J.J. Gibson's theory of affordances, in which he claims that one perceives the actions (e.g., catching) permitted in a situation.
The potential role of caveolin-1 in inhibition of aquaporins during the AVD

Background information. During apoptosis, the first morphological change is a distinct cell shrinkage known as the AVD (apoptotic volume decrease). This event is driven by a loss of intracellular K+, which creates an osmotic gradient, drawing water out of the cell through AQPs (aquaporins). Loss of water in balance with K+ would create a shrunken cell with an equivalent intracellular concentration of K+ ([K+]i=140 mM). However, we have previously shown that the [K+]i of the shrunken apoptotic cell is 35 mM, and this level is absolutely essential for the activation of apoptotic enzymes. We have recently found that AQPs are inactivated following the AVD, so that continued loss of K+ will reduce the intracellular concentration to this critical level. Using thymocytes, we have investigated the expression profile and regulation of the AQP family members. Results. In the present study, we have found that AQP1, AQP8 and AQP9 are present in non-apoptotic thymocytes and localized primarily to the plasma membrane. Expression and localization did not change when these cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by growth factor withdrawal for 24 h. To explore other possible mechanisms by which these water channels are inactivated, we investigated their association with CAV-1 (caveolin-1), binding to which is known to inactivate a variety of proteins. We found that CAV-1 is present in thymocytes and that this protein co-localizes with a portion of AQP1 in normal (non-apoptotic) thymocytes. However, thymocytes induced to undergo apoptosis greatly increase their AQP1/CAV-1 association. Conclusions. Taken together, these results indicate that AQPs are localized to the plasma membrane of shrunken apoptotic thymocytes where increased binding to CAV-1 potentially inactivates them. AQP inactivation, coupled with continued K+ efflux, then allows the [K+]i to decrease to levels conducive for the activation of downstream apoptotic enzymes and the completion of the apoptotic cascade.
Stimulation of luteinizing hormone secretion by food intake: evidence against a role for insulin.

In adult male rhesus monkeys, 1 day of fasting leads to a profound suppression of LH secretion that is rapidly reversed with refeeding. To test the hypothesis that changes in insulin secretion during fasting and refeeding mediate the changes in LH secretion, blood samples for LH measurement were obtained between 0900-2400 h from adult male rhesus monkeys (n = 9) on 1) a day when monkeys were refed their normal meal after a day of fasting, and 2) a day when monkeys were refed their normal meal, but endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed. Diazoxide (7.5-9.5 mg/kg.h) caused a 40-99% suppression of postmeal insulin secretion. However, no significant differences in LH pulse frequency, pulse amplitude, or mean serum LH levels were detected between control and diazoxide trials, even in animals in which insulin was markedly suppressed. Further, no correlation existed between the degree of insulin suppression and the magnitude of the meal-induced stimulation of LH. We conclude that meal-induced insulin secret...
Optimized HVOF titania coatings

A series of spray parameters was tested for a titania (TiO2) feedstock, and the in-flight particle temperature was measured for each setting combination. The parameter set that resulted in the highest particle temperature was selected for producing coatings for further study and analysis. With this parameter set, the majority of the sprayed particles had temperatures (at least superficially) above that of the melting point of titania. The hardness (H), elastic modulus (E), and elasticity index (H/E ratio) on the cross section and top surface of these HVOF-sprayed titania coatings were evaluated using the Knoop technique and Vickers hardness measurements. The distribution of elastic modulus and hardness values was analyzed via Weibull statistics. The coating microstructure and phase composition were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. The porosity level was determined via image analysis. It was observed that the coatings were uniform and very dense, consisting of rutile as the major phase. The optimized spray conditions allowed the production of thick coatings (∼740 µm), which were shown to be in a state of residual compressive stress using Almen strip measurements.
PET Reconstruction using Multisensor Fusion techniques

We propose a methodology for Positron Emission Tomography(PET) reconstruction using Multi Sensor Fusion techniques. Improvement of spatial resolution of PET images is achieved with the proposed method. Fusion of the PET images with the correlated MRI(CT) images is performed using fuzzy set theory and belief functions. Using the a priori values obtained from the fusion process, we reconstruct the image using Bayes' law. Simulation studies performed using the Shepp-Logan head phantom show the feasibility of the process and improvement in the reconstructed PET image.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Presentation of the Distinguished Public Service Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2007 to Marie Huizing

Ladies and Gentlemen: Good evening. The first issue of Rocks & Minerals magazine that I purchased as a young collector was Jan/Feb 1979. I poured over its pages numerous times, and I was so enamored with the serandite and analcime on the cover that I convinced my parents to take me to the Smithsonian to see it on my 16th birthday. Much has changed since then, and as a reader Rocks & Minerals for almost 30 years now, I think that I can speak for many people by saying that it has become one of the premier mineralogy magazines in the world. This is because of the hard work and support of numerous individuals, many of who are here tonight. This includes authors, editors, the production and marketing staff at Heldref Publications, donors, advertisers and others. Rocks & Minerals is a journal that truly belongs to all of us in the mineral enthusiast community. Its entire content and much of the money that goes to support its production, especially color copy, and its marketing comes from the community through donations. Of all the individuals who contribute in …
Optimality of a Two-Phase Strategy for Routing in Interconnection Networks

It is shown that for d-way shuffle graphs all oblivious algorithms for realizing permutations in logarithmic time send packets along routes twice as long as the diameter of the graph. This confirms the optimality of the strategy that sends packets to random nodes in a first phase and to the correct destinations in the second. For the shuffle-exchange graph the corresponding route length is shown to be strictly longer than for the 2-way shuffle.
A rigorous sequential update strategy for parallel kinetic Monte Carlo simulation

The kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) method is used in many scientific fields in applications involving rare-event transitions. Due to its discrete stochastic nature, efforts to parallelize kMC approaches often produce unbalanced time evolutions requiring complex implementations to ensure correct statistics. In the context of parallel kMC, the sequential update technique has shown promise by generating high quality distributions with high relative efficiencies for short-range systems. In this work, we provide an extension of the sequential update method in a parallel context that rigorously obeys detailed balance, which guarantees exact equilibrium statistics for all parallelization settings. Our approach also preserves nonequilibrium dynamics with minimal error for many parallelization settings, and can be used to achieve highly precise sampling.
A Quantitative Analysis of Code-switching in the Arabic-Romance Kharjas

This paper studies code-switching between Andalusian Arabic and Romance in the kharjas, the closing verses of the muwashshahaat poems. These poems, dating from the 11th to the 14th centuries, were composed in Classical Arabic, while the kharjas were written in two languages of Al-Andalus: Andalusian Arabic and Romance. The purpose is to investigate to what degree the structural aspect of code-switching in the kharjas conforms to descriptions in the current literature on code-switching in bilingual communities and what that tells us about the degree of bilingualism in Al-Andalus. The 43 kharjas (Corriente, 2008) present a total of 104 code-switches: 82 intra-sentential, 13 word-internal and 9 inter-sentential. The base language in the majority of cases is Romance: 73 % of the switches occurred from Romance to Arabic. Cross- tabulations of the direction of the switch, lexical category of the switched parts and what immediately precedes and follows them show statistically significant relationships, indicating that the code-switches found in this corpus are not the result of a random process of language mixing resulting in “an outlandish and deliberately unsophisticated patois” (Monroe, 1974:31). A study of the intra-sentential code-switches also contributes to an explanation of the behavior of the Arabic definite article, al- and its allomorphs, in Arabic loanwords.
Concluding Remarks for the Peabody Journal of Education's Special Issue on the Future of School Finance Research

(2004). Concluding Remarks for the Peabody Journal of Education's Special Issue on the Future of School Finance Research. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 152-158.
Fungistatic sesquiterpenoids from Parthenium

Abstract β-Eudesmol, γ-eudesmol and partheniol were isolated from the derubberized resin of Parthenium argentatum × P. tomentosa ; a new dinorsesquiterpenoid diketone (guayulon) was also isolated. Partheniol and guayulone demonstrated fungistatic activity. These compounds were identified by their spectroscopic and physical data.
Assessment of murine bladder permeability with fluorescein: validation with cyclophosphamide and protamine.

Abstract Objectives. Bladder hyperpermeability should result in elevated blood levels of intravesically administered agents. Reabsorption from a hyperpermeable bladder should result in prolonged urinary excretion of an agent after parenteral administration. To test these hypotheses, urinary clearance and plasma levels of sodium fluorescein (NaF) were measured in mice before and during cyclophosphamide (CYP) and protamine-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Methods. To measure the plasma uptake of NaF from the bladder, 10 mg/mL NaF was instilled, either by catheter or retrograde urethral infusion, 15 minutes before retro-orbital or ventricular sampling. The plasma levels were measured 24 hours and 14 days after exposure to CYP 300 mg/kg or 15 minutes after instillation of protamine 10 mg/mL. Hourly urine concentrations were measured immediately after intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg NaF. Pretreatment samples were compared with those obtained 24 hours after intraperitoneal administration of 300 mg/kg CYP. Results. Urinary NaF excretion was delayed in CYP-exposed mice. A bi-exponential model provided an appropriate fit of the data, both before and after CYP administration. The plasma levels of NaF were significantly elevated at 24 hours and 14 days after CYP exposure when sampled by ventricular nick or retro-orbitally. The median concentration of fluorescein in the protamine-treated mice was significantly higher than in the control mice. Conclusions. Fluorescein can be used to measure alterations in bladder permeability after bladder mucosal injury in mice. Urinary excretion of NaF is a bi-exponential process that is delayed after bladder mucosal injury, presumably because of increased mucosal permeability and resorption from the urine into the bloodstream.
Biomimetic Approach to Perforation Repair Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Dentin Matrix Protein 1

Abstract Introduction Dentin regeneration could be an ideal treatment option to restore tissue function. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) impregnated within a collagen scaffold to regenerate dentin. Methods Simulated perforations were created in 18 dentin wafers made from freshly extracted human molars. Six groups were established. They were (1) empty wafers, (2) mineral trioxide aggregate, (3) collagen scaffold, (4) scaffold with DMP1, (5) scaffold with DPSCs, and (6) scaffold with DPSCs and DMP1. One sample was placed subcutaneously in each mouse with three mice in each group. After 12 weeks, the samples were subjected to radiographic, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results DPSCs impregnated within a collagen scaffold differentiated into odontoblast-like cells forming a highly cellular, vascular, and mineralized matrix in the presence of DMP1. Conclusions A triad consisting of DPSCs, DMP1, and a collagen scaffold promotes dentin regeneration in a simulated perforation repair model.
An algorithmic analysis of simulation strategies

Each discrete event simulation language incorporates a time control procedure to conduct timing management and next event selection. Each time control procedure embodies, and thus imposes, a strategy (approach, method) for next event selection- and thereby determines the world view of a language. The three generally recognized strategies are event scheduling, activity scanning and process interaction.
The Genetic and Environmental Bases of Complex Human-Disease: Extending the Utility of Twin-Studies

Making only the assumption that twins are representative of the population from which they are drawn, we here develop a simple mathematical model (using widely available epidemiological information) that sheds considerable light on the pathogenesis of complex human diseases. Specifically, for the case of multiple sclerosis (MS), we demonstrate that the vast majority of patients (≥94%), possibly all, require genetic susceptibility in order to get MS. Nevertheless, only a tiny fraction of the population (≤2.2%) is actually susceptible to getting this disease; a finding which is highly consistent in all of the studied populations across both North America and Europe. Men are more likely to be susceptible than women although susceptible women are more than twice as likely to actually develop MS compared to susceptible men (i.e., they have a greater disease penetrance). This is because women are more responsive to the environmental factors involved in MS pathogenesis than men. These differences account for the current gender-ratio (3∶1, favoring women) and also for the increasing incidence of MS in women around the world. By contrast, the most important genetic marker for MS susceptibility (DRB1*1501) influences the likelihood of susceptibility but not the penetrance of the disease. Nevertheless, even for this major susceptibility allele, only a very small fraction of DRB1*1501carriers (<5%) are susceptible to getting MS and for only a minority of MS patients (∼41%) does this allele contribute to their susceptibility. Moreover, each copy of this allele seems to make an independent contribution to susceptibility. Finally, at least three environmental events are necessary for MS pathogenesis and, during the course of their lives, the large majority of the population (≥69%) experiences an environmental exposure, which is sufficient to produce MS in, at least, some susceptible genotypes. Also, susceptible men (compared to susceptible women) have a lower threshold, a greater hazard-rate, or both in response to the environmental factors involved in MS pathogenesis.
Effects of Glomus deserticola inoculation on Prosopis: Enhancing chromium and lead uptake and translocation as confirmed by X-ray mapping, ICP-OES and TEM techniques

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi contribute to plant growth, mediating the uptake of mineral elements. In polluted areas, AM also binds toxic heavy metals to roots. In this study, mesquite plants (Prosopis sp.), associated with Glomus deserticola, were treated for 15 days (in hydroponics) with lead at 0, 10, 50, or 100 mg L−1, and chromium(III) and (VI) at 0, 20, 40, 75, or 125 mg Cr L−1. All Cr ion concentrations and the highest Pb concentration reduced shoot size compared to the control. Toxic effects (yellowish leaves, leaf decay) were observed after seven treatment days. However, Pb and Cr(III) treated plants recovered upon conclusion of experimental period. Total amylase activity in leaves increased upon the addition of Pb and Cr. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy results showed that plants treated with Pb at 50 mg L−1 accumulated in roots, stems, and leaves: 61947, 9584, and 478 mg Pb kg−1; whereas plants treated with Cr(III) and Cr(VI) at 125 mg L−1 accumulated 28815, 6055, and 647; and 13767, 5010, and 2530 mg Cr kg−1. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed the presence of G. deserticola within roots. X-ray mapping demonstrated higher Cr and Pb deposition in xylem and phloem cells. Results suggest that G. deserticola improves metal tolerance/accumulation in mesquite.
The nucleation of water vapor on surface films formed by adsorption on metal surfaces

Abstract The wetting properties of metallic copper and antimony surfaces which are readily oxidized may be changed drastically by the chemisorption of surfaetants. Nucleation condensation measurements show, however, that the nucleating properties of these surfaces are generally not affected, except by prolonged treatment. The active sites which induce the vapor condensation process are therefore not readily destroyed by the deposition of surfaetant. Gold surfaces do not chemisorb surfaetants under the same experimental conditions as copper and antimony surfaces. This lack of adsorption is demonstrated both by contact angle and condensation nucleation measurements. On the surfaces of copper and antimony which do form adsorbed films, condensation nucleation was found to be a useful method of probing the film perfection at the molecular level.
Characterization of household plastics for heavy metals using neutron activation analysis

Highly enriched concentrations of several heavy metals have been found in municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) ash. In an effort to identify possible sources of these metals in MSWI ash, a variety of disposable household plastic products was examined for heavy metal content. Using both thermal and epithermal neutron activation analysis (NAA) along with Compton suppression techniques, concentrations of several trace and heavy metals including Ag, As, Au, Ba, Br, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, W and Zn were determined. Results indicate a wide range of concentrations for these elements, with large variations in plastics of similar color and intended use. As limits dealing with heavy metal content of consumer products are lowered, NAA techniques will provide a useful method for verification of product compliance.
The ninaA gene required for visual transduction in Drosophila encodes a homologue of cyclosporin A-binding protein

MUTATIONS of the Drosophila melanogaster ninaA gene affect phototransduction: ninaA mutant flies have a 10-fold reduction in the levels of rhodopsin in the R1–R6 photoreceptor cells1,2. The ninaA gene was isolated and found to encode a 237-amino-acid protein that has over 40% amino-acid sequence identity with the vertebrate cyclosporin A-binding protein, cyclophilin, a protein that seems to be involved in T-lymphocyte activation. The remarkable evolutionary conservation of cyclophilin in two phylogeneti-cally distant organisms and its involvement in diverse transduction processes suggests that this protein plays an important role in cellular metabolism. Indeed, cyclophilin has recently been shown to be a prolyl cis–trans isomerase that catalyses, in vitro, rate-limiting steps in the folding of a number of proteins3,23. Here, we present evidence for the involvement of cyclophilin-like molecules in a defined cellular process. The availability of mutations in a cyclophilin gene provides a new model system for the study of cyclophilin and cyclosporin action.
Atomic transport on one-dimensional optical lattices

We carry out quantum and semiclassical numerical simulations of the dynamics, particularly diffusion, of atoms in an optical lattice. We consider specifically the situation of a $J=1/2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=3/2$ atomic transition, whose experimental counterpart can be realized in ${\mathrm{Mg}}^{+}$ experiments. The semiclassical results, which cover a larger range of parameters than would be practical for fully quantum calculations, confirm and extend the work of Marksteiner et al. [Phys. Rev. A 53, 3409 (1996)], characterize the transition from normal to anomalous diffusion and the atomic trajectories which give rise to it, and provide a physical explanation for the difference between these two regimes. The full quantum calculations reveal uniquely quantum features of individual atomic trajectories, and in addition, predict significantly lower diffusion, by a factor of 1.2 to 2, than their semiclassical counterparts.
Disability in occupations in a national sample.

OBJECTIVES. We sought to develop lists of jobs whose members reported high and low levels of functional disability. METHODS. Samples of women (n = 6096) and men (n = 3653) were drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiological Follow-up. Disability was measured with a modified Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire. We analyzed women and men separately, and we calculated average disability indices within longest-held occupations while adjusting for age, age-squared, married spouse present, and education. We minimized attrition bias with an econometric technique. RESULTS. From highest to lowest association with disability, the female broad occupations ranking was as follows: farming, no occupation, laborers, service, technicians, operatives, crafts workers, transportation operators, professionals, sales workers, administrative support, and managers. The male broad occupations ranking was as follows: no occupation, farming, operatives, crafts workers, service, technicians, ...