cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Positive solutions of an elliptic system arising from a model in evolutionary ecology

We give sufficient and almost necessary conditions for the existence of positive solutions to an elliptic system satisfying various Dirichlet boundary conditions. The elliptic system consists of the steady-state equations of a parabolic system used to model the growth and spread of a particular gene and population living in a bounded region. The model takes into account the fact that the fitness of the individuals in the population may depend on the population size. Some non-existence results are also included.
Development of Doppler Global Velocimetry for Wind Tunnel Testing

The development of Doppler global velocimetry is described. Emphasis is placed on the modifications necessary to advance this nonintrusive laser based measurement technique from a laboratory prototype to a viable wind tunnel flow diagnostics tool. Several example wind tunnel flow field investigations are described to illustrate the versatility of the technique. Flow conditions ranged from incompressible to Mach 2.8 with measurement distances extending from 1 to 15 m.
A STITCH saves time and lowers blood pressure.

Blood pressure control remains suboptimal despite the availability of effective antihypertensive drugs and wellpublicized practice guidelines. The complexity of treatment guidelines and the multidrug regimens that are needed to achieve blood pressure control in most hypertensive patients are major contributors to suboptimal blood pressure control. The Simplified Treatment Intervention To Control Hypertension (STITCH) is a simple, step-care–based algorithm for the pharmacologic management of hypertension, which was designed to improve blood pressure control by removing the obstacle of complexity.
Comparability of special distributions

In the note comparability criteria are stated for distributions belonging to the Weibull, Gamma and Lognormal class. This results complete the corresponding results from the monograph by Stoyan. As an example an upper bound is stated for the mean waiting time in a queueing system Gamma/Gamma/s.
Pattern‐based closed‐loop quality control for the injection molding process

The basis for a novel pattern-based closed-loop control strategy for the injection molding process is presented. The strategy uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) embedded within a cascade design to analyze sensor patterns, identify process character and control part quality. The platform for this work, the injection molding process, is an industrially significant, cyclic manufacturing operation. Final part quality of this process is a nonlinear function of many machine and polymer variables. Part quality control of this process is currently attained via single input-single output machine controls supervised by human operators. Presented here is a method that employs ANN technology to improve upon this approach and provide the basis for closed-loop part quality control. In the cascade design, machine controller set-points of an inner loop are updated based on ANN analysis of mold cavity pressure patterns. The controller action maintains the desired pressure pattern set-point of the outer loop associated with desired part quality. Control strategy details are provided along with set-point tracking demonstrations that support feasibility of this pattern-based approach.
A data reduction algorithm for planar curves

A planar curve may be represented by a sequence of connected line segments. Existent algorithms for reducing the number of line segments used to represent a curve are examined. An efficient (linear time), computationally simple algorithm is developed. This algorithm achieves a high degree of data reduction while producing a representation that is accurate for even the most complex curves.
Effects of Four Independent Low-Phytate Mutations in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on Seed Phosphorus Characteristics and Malting Quality

ABSTRACT Conversion of the seed phosphorus storage compound phytic acid, which is poorly digested by nonruminants, to available forms of phosphorus will have nutritional and environmental benefits. Low-phytate (LP) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars are in development and their commercialization will be facilitated by understanding their phosphorus profiles and malting quality. To study these issues, LP and normal types derived from mutagenized populations of barley cultivar Harrington (sets of sib lines homozygous for the wild-type [WT] allele, or for one of four low-phytic acid mutations, lpa1-1, lpa2-1, lpa3-1, or M955), were developed through backcrosses to Harrington. Grain was produced in irrigated and rain-fed environments. WT phosphorus profiles were similar to those of Harrington, suggesting that the major variable was the presence or absence of mutant alleles. All mutations conferred increased inorganic phosphorus. Total P was reduced for lpa1-1. Phosphorus profiles were relatively stable acr...
Educational experiences and death penalty opinions: Stimuli that produce changes

This study isolates the specific stimuli that produce changes in the opinions about the death penalty among students who have taken a college class on capital punishment. Results of the study show that participation in the death penalty class reduced the percentage of subjects in favor of the death penalty and increased the percentage opposed. Change among whites, however, was slight, whereas change among blacks was much greater. The most persuasive stimuli in changing death penalty opinions, especially for blacks, were administrative considerations. Implications of the findings are discussed.
The Academic Pediatric Association: 50 years of contributions to pediatric education.

IN INTERVIEWS FOR the Academic Pediatric Association (APA) Oral History Project, a number of early APA presidents identify attention to education as a distinguishing feature of the association from its inception. Robert Haggerty notes, “A big issue for the APA was that it is one of the few places where we talked about education. I don’t remember hardly any SPR or APS meetings talking about education, but educational interventions and educational challenges were always a part of the APA.” Evan Charney adds, “The fact that medical education was something that deserved careful attention and had a place in the academic environment was, I believe, something that the APA introduced.” During the past 50 years, the “careful attention” and “educational interventions” have resulted in the APA and its members playing a leading role in advancing education in ambulatory and other general pediatrics settings. I am grateful to Academic Pediatrics’ senior editor for education, Maryellen Gusic, for her invitation to provide a personalized review of education in the APA. This article is not intended to be a general review of pediatric education in the past half century, to which many pediatric organizations have contributed greatly. The focus on the APA is part of the celebration of the association’s 50th anniversary. The historical account is based on the 4 previous histories of the APA; minutes of all meetings and conference calls of the board of directors, 1960–2010; APA Oral History Project interviews of founders and presidents, 1961–1980; and personal recollections. Because the association and its members have contributed to pediatric education in many ways and at every level of learner, organizing the article was challenging. Ultimately, I chose to identify themes and categorize activities rather than present a strictly chronologic listing of events. The 4 sections that follow are: educational areas addressed by the APA (skillful teaching, faculty development, content and curricula, and educational scholarship); contributions of APA leaders to education-related activities of other organizations; the interrelationship of education with the other major areas of APA activity (health care delivery, public policy and advocacy, and research); and the future.
An adelic Hankel summation formula

Abstract In this paper, the convergence of the Euler product of the Hecke zeta-function ζ ( s , χ ) is proved on the line R ( s ) = 1 with s ≠ 1 . A certain functional identity between ζ ( s , χ ) and ζ ( 2 − s , χ ) is found. An analogue of Tate's adelic Poisson summation is obtained for the global Hankel transformation, which is constructed in Li (2010) [7] .
651 EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR BINDING AND BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA PROLIFERATION

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide hormone with multiple biological effects in mice and in culture systems. These include premature eruption of teeth, precocious eye opening increased keratinization, and precocious development of gastrointestinal enzymes. EGF has been variously reported to stimulate mucosal proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract or to have no effect. We have studied the binding of 125I EGF to mucosal cells and the effects of this growth factor on mucosa cell proliferation in mice. C3H/HeJ 10-day-old suckling mice were injected with 10 ng of EGF for 3 days prior to sacrifice. Eighteen hours prior to sacrifice the animals were injected with 50 μci of 3H-thymidine for measuring radioactive precursor into DNA. At sacrifice total weight of EGF-treated animals was not significantly different from that of control animals. Specific organ weights for EGF-treated animals compared to controls were: small intes-tlne-208%; skin-133%; stomach-117%; liver-103%; large intestine-92%; heart-87%. EGF receptor binding was greatest in skin, stomach, and heart. The binding per μg of protein in mucosa cells was less for small intestine than large intestine. 3H-thymidine uptake into DNA in EGF-treated animals compared to uninjected control animals was: small intestine-266%; skin-179%; liver-168%; heart-139%; large intestine-110%. The data suggest epidermal growth factor receptors are present in these multiple tissues and may have a direct effect on cell proliferation and function.
Osmium tetroxide footprinting of a scaffold attachment region in the maize Adh1 promoter.

Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) reacts with the thymine residues of double-stranded DNA, but thymines that are unpaired or under torsional stress are hyperreactive. Although OsO4 hyperreactivity has been primarily utilized to identify Z-DNA structures in supercoiled plasmids, OsO4 will also identify other torsional perturbations of DNA. In this study, OsO4 was used to footprint an AT-rich region (between −780 and −500) of the maizeAdh1 promoter. Hyperreactive sites were identified bothin vitro andin vivo in an area that coincides with AT motifs similar to those found in scaffold attachment regions. Further, the region of OsO4 hyperreactivity lies within a fragment of DNA that is associated with the nuclear scaffold in histone-depleted nuclei.
An affective movie rating system

Modern media recommendation systems work based on the content of videos previously seen. While this may work for the habitual viewer, it is not always appropriate for many users whose tastes change based on their moods. A lot can be gathered from a person's facial expression while they are engaged in an activity, for example by observing someone as they view a film, we can likely tell if they enjoyed it or not. While a content providing company may not have the resources to employ human observers to watch audiences (or the inclination to do so, because it is not a very appealing idea), an automatic system that does this would be more feasible. Photoplethysmography is a field in which a person's physiological details can be gathered optically without requiring any physical contact with that person. By monitoring the intensity of light on a patch of the viewer's skin, we can accurately estimate their heart rate [Poh et al. 2011]. Our system combines heart rate measurement and facial expressions to quantify how much a user enjoys a video.
High speed zone electrophoresis in open-tubular fused silica capillaries

Resultats obtenus lors de la separation d'aminoacides et de peptides marques par la fluorescamine
Stability of two novel serine proteinases in commercial laundry detergent formulations.

In this report, the laundry detergent compatibility of two novel enzymes from the fungus Tritirachium album Limber is described
Non-Thermal Primeval Fireball?

The possible significance of a large cosmic sub-millimeter electromagnetic radiation background is considered. It is shown that in some scalar-tensor cosmological models such an effect could be primeval, that is, the result of processes occurring at an epoch earlier than we now can attempt to compute. The radiation background due to electron pair annihilation in a scalar-tensor model also is considered. It is shown that, while this effect could very substantially increase the far infrared background, it cannot make a spectrum that would be consistent with all the available tentative measurements.
Co-transcription of a homologue of the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (fpg) and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (nlaA) in Neisseria meningitidis

We report the identification of an open reading frame in a serogroup B isolate of Neisseria meningitidis that exhibits high nucleotide and predicted amino acid identity with the fpg gene of Escherichia coli, and its product, formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fapy-DNA glycosylase), a DNA repair enzyme. We further show that the meningococcal fpg is co-transcribed with nlaA, encoding a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, and suggest that the DNA repair enzyme may be involved in the regulation of nlaA or its gene product.
Effects of ion exchange on the Young's modulus of glass

Abstract The effects of sodiumlithium ion exchange on the Young's modulus of three silicate glass systems containing 10, 18 and 30 mole% lithium oxide were investigated. An increase in the Young's modulus was observed in each glass system. The change in the Young's modulus was found to be approximately proportional to the inverse fourth power of the volume change estimated from molar volumes. This proportionality became invalid when total ion exchange exceeds about 30%. An increase in the Young's modulus as high as 12% was observed. The density of an ion-exchanged glass was also determined and was found to increase almost linearly with the amount of ion exchange. Compared with the equilibrium densities of the corresponding compositions, the ion-exchanged glasses were found to have been densified.
Moxonidine, a selective imidazoline/α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, synergizes with morphine and deltorphin II to inhibit substance P-induced behavior in mice

The alpha(2) adrenergic receptor (AR) class of catecholamine/imidazoline (I) agonists, such as norepinephrine and clonidine, produce spinal antinociceptive synergy when co-administered with opioids. We have observed that intrathecally administered moxonidine, a selective I(1)/alpha(2) (AR) agonist, produces antinociception. The present experiments tested moxonidine for ability to synergize with morphine, deltorphin II, and DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-NMe-Phe-Gly(ol)) to inhibit substance P-elicited nociceptive behavior in Institute of Cancer Research mice. Moxonidine, morphine, deltorphin II, and DAMGO inhibited substance P-elicited nociceptive behavior with full efficacy. Effective dose 50% (ED(50)) values were calculated and equi-effective dose ratios of the combinations moxonidine-morphine, moxonidine-deltorphin II, and moxonidine-DAMGO were determined. The interactions were tested by isobolographic analysis. The observed ED(50) values of the combinations were statistically compared against their respective calculated theoretical additive ED(50) values. The combinations of moxonidine-morphine and moxonidine-deltorphin II resulted in significant leftward shifts in the dose-response curves compared to those of each agonist administered separately. The ED(50) values of the dose-response curves of these combinations were significantly less than the corresponding calculated theoretical additive ED(50) values; these results indicated that moxonidine synergizes with both morphine and deltorphin II. In contrast, combining moxonidine with DAMGO did not increase the potencies of the agonists (in combination) when compared to the potencies of each agonist administered separately. These results indicated that the moxonidine-DAMGO interaction is subadditive. Collectively, these data demonstrate that moxonidine combined with some opioid agonists produces spinal antinociceptive synergy. Spinally administered moxonidine-opioid combinations may prove an effective therapeutic strategy to manage pain.
Optimal Checkpointing of Real-Time Tasks

Analytical models for the design and evaluation of checkpointing of real-time tasks are developed. First, the execution of a real-time task is modeled under a common assumption of perfect coverage of on-line detection mechanisms (which is termed a basic model). Then, the model is generalized (to an extended model) to include more realistic cases, i.e., imperfect coverages of on-line detection mechanisms and acceptance tests. Finally, we determine an optimal placement of checkpoints to minimize the mean task execution time while the probability of an unreliable result (or lack of confidence) is kept below a specified level. In the basic model, it is shown that equidistant intercheckpoint intervals are optimal, whereas this is not necessarily true in the extended model. An algorithm for calculating the optimal number of checkpoints and intercheckpoint intervals is presented with some numerical examples for the extended model.
Microwave complex impedance measurements on the heavy fermion superconductor UBe13

Abstract The complex microwave impedance in the frequency range of ≈ 8–36 GHz was measured in the superconducting state of a well-characterized heavy fermion single crystal of UBe 13 . This microwave photon energy ranges roughly from 15% to 60% of the zero-temperature (BCS) energy gap and is higher than previous measurements. Large changes are observed in the complex impedance when the sample is cooled below T c for all frequencies measured. The surface impedance cannot be described by the Mattis-Bardeen theory in the dirty limit for a conventional superconductor.
Nuclear Electric-Field Gradient Determination Utilizing the Mössbauer Effect ( Fe 57 )

If a compound containing ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ exhibits a two-line M\"ossbauer absorption spectrum, as is the case for most paramagnetic ferrous salts, then this spectrum may usually be attributed to the electrostatic interaction between an electric-field gradient (EFG) and the quadrupole moment of the first excited state of the ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$. Since the EFG may be represented as a traceless, symmetric tensor of the second rank, it is completely specified by five independent parameters. If the absorber is a single crystal, the two absorption peaks will generally have different intensities, the ratio of the intensities depending upon the orientation of the incident, unpolarized radiation relative to the crystal axes. In this paper, a general method is developed which utilizes this intensity ratio to determine the five EFG parameters. The possibility of an anisotropic recoilless factor is also considered. The method is then applied to Fe${\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}4${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$O.
Self-Ordered Nanocolumnar Pore Formation in the Photoelectrochemical Etching of 6H SiC

A columnar mesoporous structure was obtained in single-crystalline n-type 6H SiC by photoelectrochemical etching. The 20 nm diameter cylindrical pores were about 200 μm long, parallel, and distributed in a self-ordered manner. The pore morphologies and etching curves under different experimental conditions for both Si and C-face SiC samples are discussed. It is found that constant voltage etching on C-face SiC is crucial for the columnar pore formation.
Institutional research: Offense, defense, coach, or referee

This volume reflects a range of perspectives on intercollegiate athletics. An informed and campus-wise institutional research function is critical in the development and interpretation of student-athlete academic information.
Tracers of the Extraterrestrial Component in Sediments and Inferences for Earth's Accretion History

The study of extraterrestrial matter in sediments began with the discovery of cosmic spherules during the HMS Challenger Expedition (1873-1876), but has evolved into a multidisciplinary study of the chemical, physical, and isotopic study of sediments. Extraterrestrial matter in sediments comes mainly from dust and large impactors from the asteroid belt and comets. What we know of the nature of these source materials comes from the study of stratospheric dust particles, cosmic spherules, micrometeorites, meteorites, and astronomical observations. The most common chemical tracers of extraterrestrial matter in sediments are the siderophile elements, most commonly iridium and other platinum group elements. Physical tracers include cosmic and impact spherules, Ni-rich spinels, meteorites, fossil meteorites, and ocean-impact melt debris. Three types of isotopic systems have been used to trace extraterrestrial matter. Osmium isotopes cannot distinguish chondritic from mantle sources, but provide a useful tool in modeling long-term accretion rates. Helium isotopes can be used to trace the long-term flux of the fine fraction of the interplanetary dust complex. Chromium isotopes can provide unequivocal evidence of an extraterrestrial source for sediments with high concentrations of meteoritic Cr. The terrestrial history of impacts, as recorded in sediments, is still poorly understood. Helium isotopes, multiple Ir anomalies, spherule beds, and craters all indicate a comet shower in the late Eocene. The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary impact event appears to have been caused by a single carbonaceous chondrite projectile, most likely of asteroid origin. Little is known of the impact record in sediments from the rest of the Phanerozoic. Several impact deposits are known in the Precambrian, including several possible mega-impacts in the Early Archean.
Genomic analysis of mucosal immunobiology in the porcine small intestine

The vast majority of infectious diseases of animals and humans occur at mucosal surfaces, especially in the intestinal tract. However, vaccines to stimulate durable immunity to intestinal pathogens often do not produce effective protection. A better understanding of the molecules and molecular mechanisms that mediate effective immune induction at mucosal surfaces may facilitate the development of more effective mucosal vaccines. Characterization of the mRNA expression profile of Peyer's patch, a key immunological tissue in immune surveillance and response, would help to identify important proteins and pathways required for the development of effective mucosal immunity in swine. We produced a cDNA library of about 2400 genes differentially expressed in jejunal Peyer's patch, of which approximately 900 had unknown functions or were novel to public databases. We hypothesize that knowledge of the roles and regulation of the encoded proteins under conditions of substantial immune stimulation will help to understand mucosal immunoregulatory mechanisms in the Peyer's patch. Cholera toxin is a potent mucosal adjuvant and antigen. The response to cholera toxin is amenable to dissection at a variety of levels from local to systemic and molecular to cellular in whole animals, tissue explants, and cultured cells. The powerful tools of genomics and genetics that are now available provide veterinary immunologists with new opportunities to elucidate and dissect the mysteries of host defense. By building on the findings from multiple systems and models we can develop a better understanding of complex interactions of immune and absorptive tissues in the regulation of immunity in the small intestine.
Modeling the effects of repetitions, similarity, and normative word frequency on old-new recognition and judgments of frequency.

Judgments of frequency for targets (old items) and foils (similar; dissimilar) steadily increase as thenumber of times a target is studied increases, but discrimination of targets from similar foils does notsteadily improve, a phenomenon termed registration without learning (D. L. Hintzman & T. Curran,1995; D. L. Hintzman, T. Curran, & B. Oppy, 1992). The present experiment explores this phenomenonwith words of differing normative word frequency. The retrieving-effectively-from-memory model(REM; R. M. Shiffrin & M. Steyvers, 1997, 1998) predicts that low-frequency words will be betterrecognized than high-frequency words because low-frequency words have more distinctive memoryrepresentations. A corollary of this assumption predicts that the typical recognition word-frequency effectwill be disrupted when similar foils are tested. These predictions were confirmed, but to fit both therecognition and the judgment-of-frequency data, the authors used a “dual-process” extension of the REMmodel.
The Mechanism of the Photolysis of Acetamide

An investigation of the photolysis of acetamide has been made using light in the 2500 angstrom region of the spectrum. The main primary process is the breakdown of the molecule into CH$\_{3}$ and CONH$\_{2}$ radicals, but this is probably accompanied by a second process yielding CH$\_{3}$CN and H$\_{2}$O. The methyl radicals react both with acetamide and with CONH$\_{2}$ radicals to give methane and recombine to give ethane. The CONH$\_{2}$ radicals may decompose both spontaneously and thermally to give CO and NH$\_{2}$ radicals. The subsequent reaction of the NH$\_{2}$ radicals with acetamide gives ammonia. With acetone as a source of methyl radicals, the activation energy for the abstraction of hydrogen by this radical was found to be 9$\cdot $2 kcal/mole and the steric factor $\sim $4$\times $10$^{-4}$.
Political Science The State of the Art in On-Line Publishing and (Slightly) Beyond

This article describes and evaluates the current state of affairs in on-line publishing for political science. The advantages of on-line publication for political science are noted. Existing projects to put book reviews, newsletters, journals, and working papers on-line are described with comments on some of the lessons that can be learned from them. A working paper index and archive project, Political Science Manuscripts, is described in detail. A conference paper archive is proposed for political science. Lastly, the argument is made that on-line publication will strengthen, rather than undermine, the peer review process.
PREP SCHOOL AND PUBLIC SCHOOL GRADUATES: WHO ATTENDS COLLEGE REUNIONS, WHO DONATES, WHO DOESN'T, AND WHY

As early as the 1920s, studies at various elite colleges revealed that public school graduates outperformed private school graduates academically, and more recent research indicates various differences in life patterns between these two groups 25 years after graduation. The two new studies presented here, which look at attendance at college reunions and donations to one's college, extend that earlier work. At a New England college, public school graduates were more likely than the private school graduates to attend their 30th, 35th, and 40th year college reunions. Donations to the school showed that public school graduates were somewhat more likely to make contributions than private school graduates, and graduates of the most socially elite boarding schools were especially unlikely to have made contributions. These findings are discussed in terms of the varying roles that prep schools and colleges play in one's identity.
Global stability for distributed systems with changing contact states

Analyzes the global stability of distributed manipulation control schemes. The "programmable vector field" approach, which assumes that the system's control actions can be approximated by a continuous vector force field, is a commonly proposed scheme for distributed manipulation control. In practical implementations, the continuous control force field idealization must then be adapted to the specifics of the discrete physical actuator array. However, in Murphey and Burdick (2001) it was shown that when one takes into account the discreteness of actuator arrays and realistic models of the actuator/object contact mechanics, the controls designed by the continuous approximation approach can be unstable at the desired equilibrium configuration. We introduced a discontinuous feedback law that locally stabilizes the manipulated object at the equilibrium. However, the stability of this feedback law only holds in a neighborhood of the equilibrium. In this paper we show how to combine the programmable vector field approach and our local feedback stabilization law to achieve a globally stable distributed manipulation control system. Simulations illustrate the method.
High efficiency, high-energy performance of an X-ray preionized Ar-Xe laser

Improved performance has been obtained from the X-ray preionized argon-xenon laser by using a spiker-sustainer circuit to efficiently pump the discharge. An output of 420 mJ was obtained from a 0.4-L active volume at 2-atm pressure with an overall efficiency of 1%. An efficiency of 4.1% due to the sustainer contribution alone was also realized. >
Regeneration using an SOA-MZI in a 100-pass 10,000-km Recirculating Fiber Loop

We demonstrate all-optical regeneration in an SOA-MZI on a 10-Gb/s picosecond pulse train over 10,000 km in a 100-km recirculating loop. The bit-error rate after 100 loop-passes shows a 0.5-dB penalty.
A Small N-Terminal 60-kD Fragment of gp600 (Megalin), the Major Autoantigen of Active Heymann Nephritis, Can Induce a Full-Blown Disease

Active Heymann nephritis of rat, an autoimmune glomerular disease, is an immunohistological, ultrastructural, and clinical model of human membranous glomerulonephritis. Both diseases in their full-blown form are characterized by (1) the formation of large, subepithelial glomerular immune de- posits, which stain for IgG, C3, and membrane attack (C5b-9) components of complement and (2) the excretion of large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria). The target au- toantigen of active Heymann nephritis is a large transmem- brane renal glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approxi- mately 600 kD, variously named gp600, gp330, LRP-2, or "megalin." This study was performed to identify the region in this enormously large glycoprotein that would produce full- blown active Heymann nephritis. A stable, small (60-kD) pro- teolytic fragment of gp600 was isolated and localized to the N-terminal end of the molecule using Western blot, sequenc- ing, and amino acid analyses. Based on its primary structure, this fragment contains approximately 60 cysteine residues, the cross-linking of which to each other probably explains its stability. Immunization of rats with this fragment induced a full-blown disease that was comparable to the disease induced by a preparation containing the whole protein. These results indicate that this small fragment, retaining the natural disulfide bonds and probably its overall structure, contains those B and T cell epitopes that are sufficient to produce this organ-specific autoimmune disease.
Conservation in Practice: Overcoming Obstacles to Implementation

Research in conservation biology should be aimed at the development of a sound scientific basis for the preservation, management, and restoration of biotic diversity. Tests of both specific and general hypotheses are necessary to inform conservation planning. Because conservation biology is partly a crisis discipline, some research projects focus on the viability of a particular population, species, or ecosystem. Others address the long-term conservation goal of the ecologically sustainable coexistence of human beings with other species by investigating pertinent broad ecological patterns or processes. Regardless of their research emphasis, conservation biologists inevitably grapple with the challenge of integrating their science into public policy. Communication between academics and practitioners undeniably is key to incorporating knowledge gained from research into conservation planning and land management (Meffe 1998). Does the academic's research orientation itself also bear upon his or her ability to transform conservation science into policy? In the wake of recent calls for cohesion between "basic" and "applied" science (Orians 1997) and between academics and practitioners (Meffe 1998), our research group at the Center for Conservation Biology asked whether the motivation for initiating various conservation projects affected the projects' likelihood of success. Our group includes more than 20 conservation scientists whose individual and team research over the past 15 years has been driven both by pressing conservation situations and by less immediate but equally germane issues in conservation biology. Recognizing that no single objective applies to all conservation efforts, we examined how success was defined at the inception of a project and which projects met their own definition of success. We identified several pervasive impedinments to success and
The Social Comparison Choices of Elementary and Secondary School Students: The Influence of Gender, Race, and Friendship.

Abstract Sixty-three second-through fourth-grade and 43 ninth-grade students participated in two separate studies that investigated the influence of gender, race, and friendship on the social comparison choices. Social comparison was measured using a computer-based auditing procedure that allowed each student to audit the classroom performance of all other students. Sociometric questions and rating forms were used to measure friendship choices. Results of the first study indicated that elementary students showed a strong preference for comparison with same-gender and same-race classmates, but not with classmates nominated as potential friends. Results of the second study indicated that ninth-grade students also showed a very strong preference for comparison with classmates of the same gender and race. About half of all comparisons by these students were of classmates nominated as “best friends.” The implications of these results for social comparison theory, as well as social policy and educational practice, are discussed.
Seedcorn Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Reproductive Biology and Techniques for Examining Ovarian Dynamics

We developed techniques for examining ovarian dynamics of the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), and delineated detailed procedures for ovarian dissections and classifications. A three-class ovarian rating system was devised and physiological ages for each class were determined. The preovipositional period was 36 degree-days (DD) in the field and 100 DD in the laboratory. No ovarian development was observed unless females had been given a protein food source. All females with ovarian development had mated.
Factors Predicting Homeowners’ Attitudes toward Tourism A Case of a Coastal Resort Community

This study assessed factors predicting local resident and second home property owners’ attitudes toward tourism development and its impacts in a second home–intensive coastal county. A total of 860 respondents (468 permanent residents and 392 second home property owners) contributed information about their perceptions of the impacts of tourism and second home development on various dimensions of community life. Factor analysis was used to identify the primary attitude dimensions. Factors that predicted local resident property owners’ attitudes toward tourism include length of residence, land use, and quality of life, while only the land use factor predicted second home property owners’ attitudes toward tourism.
Mucin oligosaccharide biosynthesis in human colonic cancerous tissues and cell lines.

BACKGROUND: The Tn, sialosyl-Tn, and T antigens are carbohydrate-associated antigens that represent initial steps in mucin O-linked glycosylation. Previous immunohistochemical studies have shown that these three antigens are rarely, if ever, expressed in normal colonic mucosa; however, most colonic cancerous tissues express these structures. Little is known about the factors that control the expression of these antigens in colonic tissues or cell lines. One hypothesis is that cancers have increased levels of the glycosyltransferase activities responsible for synthesizing these antigens. METHODS: The current study analyzed antigen expression by immunohistochemistry and glycosyltransferase enzyme activities for Tn, sialosyl-Tn, and T antigens in colonic tissues and cell lines to (1) compare values between normal and cancerous tissues and (2) correlate these results with tumor stage, histologic findings, and location. RESULTS: All nine colonic cancer cell lines expressed Tn antigen; sialosyl-Tn and T antigens were expressed by the more mucin-producing cell lines. Sialosyl-Tn transferase activity was higher in the more mucinous cell lines; T transferase activity was higher in those with less mucin. In paired specimens of normal and cancerous tissues, levels of each of the three glycosyltransferases were similar. In cancerous tissues, enzyme activity did not correlate with tumor location, stage, or histologic type. There also was no correlation between glycosyltransferase activity and expression of the relevant antigen. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, because normal and malignant colonic tissues have comparable levels of Tn, sialosyl-Tn, and T glycosyltransferases, the absence of these antigens in normal mucosa apparently is related to other factors such as antigen masking.
Universal read/write buffer for multiprocessor cache coherency schemes

There are many publications in the area of cache coherence for multiprocessor systems as shared memory has proved to be a very effective approach to high speed performance. However, most of the works reported are limited to applications of multiprocessor systems using a single protocol. As the complexity of the multiprocessor system increases, the demand for using mixed computers in one system is more and more pronounced. We present the design and implementation of universal read/write buffer which supports multiprocessor cache coherence of different protocols. An analysis of the approach is made, and the hardware and algorithm are discussed in detail. The complete design has been simulated successfully in VHDL. Our analysis shows that, for given system parameters, the performance of the cache system is improved by more than 200% if the universal buffer is used. >
Radiopotassium Indicator-Dilution Studies During Angiocardiography

In an attempt to learn more about the physiologic changes in the cardiovascular system during angiocardiography and the nature of mixing of radio-opaque dyes with blood, radiopotassium and Diodrast I131 dilution curves were obtained before and during angiocardiography. Studies in patients without vulvuar disease and with mitral valvular disease indicated an increased cardiac output during angiocardiography, but the increases were not statistically greater than those following control injections. No difference in indicator-dilution patterns of potassium and Diodrast was demonstrable, suggesting identical circulatory mixing pattterns.
Lipids: a key player in the battle between the host and microorganisms.

Journal of Lipid Research Volume 53, 2012 2487 Products of gram negative bacteria (LPS), gram positive bacteria (lipoteichoic acid), fungi (zymosan), and viruses (RNA) are recognized by toll receptors on macrophages and other cells and thereby induce marked changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism ( 1 ). It is now increasingly recognized that lipids and lipoproteins play an important role in host defense as part of the innate immune system [for detailed review, see ( 1 )]. For example, lipoproteins including HDL, chylomicrons, VLDL, and LDL can bind and neutralize LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and viruses. The binding of LPS by lipoproteins has been shown to protect animals from LPS induced death. Numerous studies have shown that animals that have elevations in serum lipid/lipoprotein levels are protected from the toxicity of LPS, whereas animals with low circulating lipid/ lipoprotein levels are more sensitive to the toxic effects of LPS. Studies have shown that HDL may inhibit the ability of certain viruses to penetrate cells. Moreover, lipoproteins can block the adhesion of bacteria to host cells and reduce tissue invasion ( 2 ). Another example involves cellto-cell communication between bacteria, which coordinates gene expression and the production of virulence factors ( 3 ). Studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus produce an autoinducing peptide that binds to surface receptors
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RESEARCH POTENTIAL OF MUSEUM COLLECTIONS: THE BABBITT COLLECTION AT THE MUSEUM OF NORTHERN ARIZONA

Methods for assessing the research potential of anthropological museum collections are an important first step in using these collections for scientific research. Preliminary assessments are especially needed for casual collections, which often do not have the same amount of documentation as more systematic collections. Here, we present a method for evaluating the representativeness of collections of whole ceramic vessels using the Babbitt Collection at the Museum of Northern Arizona. Quantitative comparisons are made to more systematically collected vessel assemblages from the Colorado Plateaus to assess collector bias in the sizes of vessels retained in the collection. We conclude that there is no reason to reject the Babbitt Collection as representative of functional classes of ceramic vessels found elsewhere in the Sinagua and Tusayan areas.
Anticipating the spread and ecological effects of invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in North America: a review of modeling and other predictive studies

Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Valenciennes 1844) and silver carp (H. molitrix Richardson 1845), collectively called bigheaded carps, have invaded the Mississippi River Basin and may have already entered the Laurentian Great Lakes where they could affect fishing and other industries. Developing models to predict potential spread and effects is difficult because local adaptation may have occurred among populations, parameter values for biological characteristics vary widely for these opportunistic generalists, and methodological differences complicate comparison and synthesis of studies. I review bigheaded carp biological parameters across a wide range of literature, including studies of native and introduced populations. I then evaluate how predictive models are parameterized, noting inconsistencies and highlighting data gaps. My analysis finds that although parameter values tend to vary substantially among and within systems, models are generally parameterized using the best information available, although bioenergetics and trophic models particularly need improvement. Some predictive tools can be updated using existing data (e.g., velocity requirements for spawning), but in other cases further research is needed. Research priorities include (1) better understanding bigheaded carp phenotypic plasticity among and within systems, (2) determining key biological traits of bigheaded carp populations at risk of seeding further invasions (e.g., Illinois River populations that may spread to Lake Michigan), and (3) monitoring bigheaded carp ecological effects on native fishes and plankton communities. A more complete awareness of strengths and limitations of predictive tools will lead to their improvement, thereby aiding managers in anticipating and counteracting bigheaded carp spread and effects.
Angular distributions of the quenched energy flow from dijets with different radius parameters in CMS

Abstract The flow of the quenched energy in imbalanced dijet events has been previously studied by transverse vector sum of charged particles with the CMS detector, namely the missing p T measurement. The results have led to new theoretical insights to order to explain the wide angle radiation. The missing p T technique has been improved so that it allows the study of angular distribution of the energy flow with respect to the dijet axis. The measurements are performed using different distance parameters R with the anti- k T clustering algorithm, which provide information about how the angular distribution of the quenched energy depends on the jet width.
Tomographic Time-of-Flight Optical Imaging Device

Time-resolved optical imaging has been used to image phantoms, animals, and humans, and offers the potential for the production of functional images of human tissues, such as the oxygenation of brain during stroke. We had previously reported a transmission scanner, and now give an early report on conversion to a rotational tomographic scanner with a non-parallel ray geometry similar to early CAT scanners. Initial scans show that 1) spatial imaging in turbid media using time-of-flight measurements, non-recursive algorithms, and standard tomographic geometry is possible, 2) separation of absorbance and scattering as an image is attainable, a key step in performing spatially-resolved chemometric analysis, 3) imaging of multiple objects buried within scattering material is feasible, demonstrating that equations derived for homogeneous media can be applied in at least some cases to inhomogeneous media such as tissue-like phantoms, and 4) imaging of brain pathology produces recognizable images with sufficient resolution for diagnostic decisions. We conclude that optical tomography is feasible for clinical use and that conversion of the present mechanically scanning device to a clinical scanner should be possible with retention of the current processing algorithms. Such a clinical scanner should ultimately be able to generate images in a few minutes with centimeter resolution at the center of living human brain.
5.5 A 2µW 40mVpp linear-input-range chopper- stabilized bio-signal amplifier with boosted input impedance of 300MΩ and electrode-offset filtering

Modern neuromodulation requires closed-loop functionality, where neural recordings are used to adapt stimulation patterns in real time. A closed-loop system requires the neural sensing front-end to record small neural signals in the presence of large stimulation artifacts. The amplitude of artifacts can be a few 10s of mV, and their power is usually in the same frequency band as the signals of interest, requiring non-traditional adaptive filtering to attenuate the artifacts. This requires a sensing front-end that can handle large signals while maintaining the signal integrity of the accompanying small neural signals. State-of-the-art front-ends saturate beyond an input of ∼5mV and have limited linearity, making them incapable of handling large artifacts. This work presents a front-end that can tolerate up to ±20mV artifacts in the signal band of 1Hz to 5kHz. To digitize a 1mV neural signal to 8 bits in the presence of a 20mV artifact, the front-end requires a 12b linearity.
The Decline of U.S. Whaling: Was the Stock of Whales Running Out?

Re-emerging from the disruption caused by the Revolution and the War of 1812, the American whaling industry grew to dominate the seas between 1820 and 1860, only to suffer a severe decline during and after the Civil War. In the following article, Professors Davis, Gallman, and Hutchins examine the hypothesis that the U.S. whaling industry collapsed because the stock of whales was being depleted. After investigating the size of the original whale populations, their breeding habits, and the estimates of whales taken during the nineteenth century, the authors conclude that the overfishing of whales of various species occurred either not at all or too late to have been a contributing factor in America's whaling decline.