cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro anticancer effects of a novel immunostimulant: keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

Background. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a recently described immune stimulant and hapten carrier derived from a circulating glycoprotein of the marine mollusk Megathura crenulata. It has been reported to be a potent form of intravesical immunotherapy for the treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and has been used in a variety of genitourinary tumors. We hypothesized that KLH would be effective against other cancer cells in vitro. Methods. Multiple cancer cell lines were tested, including estrogen-dependent breast (MCF-7), estrogen-independent breast (ZR75-1), pancreas (PANC-1, MIA-PaCa), and prostate (DU145). Serial twofold dilutions of KLH were prepared in sterile 96-well plates. Dose–response curves were performed beginning with a concentration of 100 μg of KLH/well and ending at a concentration of 0.8 ng/well. Cells were added at concentrations of 5 × 104 cells per well. Cell viability was evaluated at 24 and 72 h by MTT assay at an absorbance of 570 nm. Results. Significant (P < 0.05) cancer cell growth inhibition was observed in four of the five cell lines tested at both time treatment intervals. The breast cancer line ZR75-1 exhibited a mean growth inhibition of 43 ± 1.1% (range 37 to 59%) at 72 h, whereas treated MCF-7 cells had an average of 39 ± 9.1% growth inhibition (range 35 to 44%) at these same concentrations. Treated PANC-1 cells had a mean growth inhibition of 19 ± 0.8% (range 4 to 46%) at 72 h. The DU145 prostate cancer cell line averaged a 6 ± 1.3% growth inhibition (range −19 to 55%) over the concentrations tested. Conclusions. The direct growth inhibition of multiple tumor cell-lines exhibited by KLH is significant and warrants further in vitro mechanistic studies and in vivo experiments. Investigation into the efficacy and mechanism of response could directly lead to more effective treatment regimens for patients suffering from these diseases.
Marine systems: shoals on the voyage of discovery

When introducing new technology it is important to consider the environment in which it will be used. In the case of navigation technology, designers have not always heeded either the environment or shipboard crew who are required to use the technology, often without benefit of training. Consequently, introduction of sophisticated technology has not reduced marine casualties, and has in fact resulted in accidents. The paper draws attention to factors that should be considered in the design and implementation of navigation technology, from the perspective of the end-user.
Simulation and flight evaluation of a heads-up display for general aviation

A landing-site indicator (LASI) has been devised as a relatively simple heads-up display to show the pilot the magnitude and direction of the aircraft's velocity vector superimposed on the pilot's view of the landing area. A total of 160 landings were performed in a fixed-base simulation program by four pilots with and without the LASI display. These tests showed the display to be of beneficial use in making the approaches more consistent. Some inferences were also made that the physical workload would also be less with its use. The pilots generally agreed that the LASI, as represented in the simulation was a useful landing aid. Additional pilot comments from preliminary flight tests of a breadboard LASI display unit tend to confirm the simulator results.
The Tradeoff between Family Size and Child Health in the United States

A great deal of work has been devoted to examining the relationship between family size (i.e., number of siblings) and child outcomes such as educational attainment and intellectual development. However, comparatively few published studies have investigated the relationship between family size and child health, none of which treated family size as endogenous. Using data from the first two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this research examines the relationship between family size and child health in the United States, and explores the mechanisms through which family size might affect child health. Throughout the analysis we pay special attention to the fact that parents choose the number of children they wish to have, and that this choice is potentially correlated with (from the standpoint of the researcher) unobservable confounders. Following work by Angrist, Lavy and Schlosser (2005), we restrict our sample to first- and second-borns, and use twin births and the sex composition of the first two children to identify exogenous variation in family size. Ordinary least squares results suggest that family size is negatively related to many of our health indicators. In contrast, when family size is treated as an endogenous variable, its estimated effects often shrink in absolute magnitude and become statistically insignificant. This pattern of results is inconsistent with the predictions of the quantity-quality model first proposed by Becker(1960). References Angrist, Joshua D., Victor Lavy, and Analia Schlosser. 2005. "New Evidence on the Causal Link between the Quantity and Quality of Children." NBER Working Paper No. 11835. Becker, Gary S. 1960. "An Economic Analysis of Fertility." In Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press), pp. 209-240.
Chronic Visual Disturbance in a Young Healthy Man.

A healthyman in his mid-20swas referred to evaluate persistent, stable metamorphopsia in the left eye for 1 year. He had an enlarged blind spot in his left visual field for 2 years and denied symptoms of headaches, photophobia, blurred vision, or eye pain. Within the last year, the patient stated he had a 2-diopter hyperopic shift in his refraction of the left eye. He had undergone2magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studiesofhis orbits over the previous year. Both were read as normal.Hismedical historywas significant for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder anddepression.Hedeniedanypreviousocular surgical proceduresor traumatoeithereye.Hewas prescribed bupropion. His visual acuitywas20/20ODand20/25OS.His extraocularmotility, pupils, and confrontationvisual fieldswerenormal. Intraocularpressureswere 18and 16mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively.Anterior segment slitlampexamination findingswereunremarkable in each eye. On ophthalmoscopic examination, the cup-disc ratio was 0.2, with both optic nerves appearing healthy with sharp margins. Retinal vessels were normal and the foveal reflex was sharp in each eye. The appearance of the macula in the left eye is shown in Figure 1. Optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging (OCT-EDI) was normal in the right eyeandshowedundulations in thepapillomacular bundle at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the left eye. Kinetic perimetry did not show enlargement of the blind spot or other visual field defect in each eye. Quiz at jamaophthalmology.com Fundus photograph of left eye A Fluorescein angiography of left eye B
Cardiovascular Health Practices Among Black Patients in an Urban Underserved Clinic

Background An understanding of cardiovascular health practices among black patients can provide more comprehensive patient-centered care and reduce health disparities. We studied home blood pressure monitoring in our underserved patient population to determine feasibility of providing automatic blood pressure monitors to our hypertensive patients. We believed that if we provided blood pressure monitors for home use, our patients would increase home blood pressure assessments, frequency of blood pressure assessments, and provide more data on managing their hypertension. Methods Forty patients were selected based on their individually scheduled clinic appointments and were randomized to the experimental arm or the control arm. Patients in the experimental arm of the study received an automatic blood pressure monitor for the duration of the study, while the control group received their automatic blood pressure monitor at the end of the study period. All participants received evidence- based patient education upon enrollment in addition to phone calls to collect blood pressure readings every two weeks. After six months, patients completed an exit interview and survey to determine the effects of the study on enrollee health practices. Results Of the 40 people enrolled, 13 participants completed the study. Of those who completed, 87% of the experimental group checked their blood pressure more often outside of the healthcare setting compared to 60% of the control group. There was no increase in the control group's pre-survey blood pressure monitoring metrics but a 50 percentage point increase in the experimental group's blood pressure monitoring metrics. Telephone data demonstrated that participants who received an automatic blood pressure monitor for home use were more than three times more likely to check their blood pressure outside of the healthcare setting than those who did not have a home monitor. Conclusions Home accessible automatic blood pressure monitoring can increase frequency of blood pressure assessment among black patients.
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis in a Fixed Bed Reactor

A numerical simulation that models the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis in a tubular multitube reactor packed with an iron-based catalyst is conducted to assess the effects of process parameters on product distribution. The study adopts the alkyl and alkenyl mechanisms in predicting the formation of paraffins and olefins. The effects of the desorbed hydrocarbons on the gaseous flow and reaction kinetics are accounted for in the computational algorithm. The extent of the variation of the syngas molar feed ratio, reactor inlet pressure, and reactor length on paraffin and olefin selectivities and mass flow rates is documented. Three distinct regions of the FT synthesis in the packed tube are documented. In the first region, the polymerization reactions are characterized with the absence of termination reactions that result in chain propagation reactions reaching higher carbon atom numbers with increasing axial length. The beginning of the second region is marked with the initial formation of desorbed species. ...
The effect of rater expectations on the evaluation of a hypothetical subordinate

ABSTRACT In a laboratory study of the effect of rater expectations on the evaluation of a hypothetical subordinate's performance, 159 undergraduates role played the part of a sales manager who had been given high, low, or no expectations about a subordinates's potential along with hypothetical concrete or abstract performance data. Hypotheses regarding the interaction of performance data and expectations on evaluations were not supported. Although evaluations of the subordinate's performance did not vary across conditions, the student raters recommended larger raises for the subordinate for whom they had low expectations than for the subordinate for whom they had high expectations. The key predictor of a recommended raise appeared to be the extent to which the subordinate met or exceeded rater expectations. These results were reconfirmed with an independent cross-validation sample of 168 subjects.
NextGen Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO): Evaluating Conformance to a Four-Dimensional Trajectory (4DT)

Abstract A pilot-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to assess the feasibility of a Surface Trajectory-Based Operations (STBO) concept [1] . The STBO concept was investigated from the pilot perspective by evaluating pilot conformance to a four-dimensional trajectory (4DT) while taxiing under manual control. Simulation conditions included a Current-Day Equipage condition; a verbal Speed-Advisory condition, which represented a near-term condition in which pilots were provided with verbal speed guidance from ATC, but not provided with any additional flight-deck tools by which to support schedule conformance; and two NextGen 4DT conditions in which the pilots were provided with flight deck displays to support conformance to the 4DT at two different levels, +/- 30 sec (4DT 30 ) and +/- 15 sec (4DT 15 ). In the NextGen 4DT conditions, pilots were presented with a graphical representation of the 4DT on an Airport Moving Map (AMM). Results showed that both the 4DT 30 and 4DT 15 conditions afforded more than 99% conformance to the 4DT across the entire route. An evaluation of the time of arrival (TOA) at the end-point revealed significantly less TOA error in the 4DT 30 and 4DT 15 conditions as compared to the Speed-Advisory condition. Although eye-tracking data revealed an increase in eyes-in time in the 4DT-display conditions, pilots rated this increase as acceptable. The results of this pilot-in-the-loop simulation demonstrated that the NextGen 4DT displays afforded high conformance with a substantial increase in predictability throughout the entire taxi route and at the runway queue. Pilots also rated that conforming to a speed profile, during taxi, was acceptable and safe.
Work Attitudes of Mexican Americans: A Decade of Improvement

Weaver compared the work attitudes of Mexican Americans and Euro-Americans with data from 19 nationwide public opinion surveys. He found Mexican Americans productive, cooperative, and networking wi...
Is there a role for early chemotherapy in the management of pituitary adenomas

Pituitary adenomas are benign intracranial neoplasms that are frequently well-controlled with standard treatments that include surgical resection, radiotherapy, and agents that modulate hormonal excess. Unfortunately, a subset of patients remains uncontrolled or develops complications from these interventions. For these patients, chemotherapy is an additional treatment option that could improve outcomes. Temozolomide is an oral chemotherapy with a favorable side-effect profile that has shown activity against pituitary adenomas. Its non-overlapping toxicity and ability to induce rapid tumor regression renders it a potentially important adjunctive treatment. In patients with tumors that cannot be optimally addressed with standard treatments, there may be a role for early initiation of temozolomide.
Patient-controlled epidural analgesia or multimodal pain regimen with periarticular injection after total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Background: The optimal postoperative analgesia after primary total hip arthroplasty remains in question. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the use of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with use of a multimodal pain regimen including periarticular injection (PAI). We hypothesized that PAI would lead to earlier readiness for discharge, decreased opioid consumption, and lower pain scores. Methods: Forty-one patients received PAI, and forty-three patients received PCEA. Preoperatively, both groups were administered dexamethasone (6 mg, orally). The PAI group received a clonidine patch and sustained-release oxycodone (10 mg), while the PCEA group had placebo. Both groups received combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and used an epidural pain pump postoperatively; the PAI group had normal saline solution, while the PCEA group had bupivacaine and hydromorphone. The primary outcome, readiness for discharge, required the discontinuation of the epidural, a pain score of <4 (numeric rating scale) without parenteral narcotics, normal eating, minimal nausea, urination without a catheter, a dry surgical wound, no acute medical problems, and the ability to independently transfer and walk 12.2 m (40 ft). Results: The mean time to readiness for discharge (and standard deviation) was 2.4 ± 0.7 days (PAI) compared with 2.3 ± 0.8 days (PCEA) (p = 0.86). The mean length of stay was 3.0 ± 0.8 days (PAI) compared with 3.1 ± 0.7 days (PCEA) (p = 0.46). A significant mean difference in pain score of 0.74 with ambulation (p = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 1.31) and 0.80 during physical therapy (p = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.09 to 1.51) favored the PCEA group. The mean opioid consumption (oral morphine equivalents in milligrams) was significantly higher in the PAI group on postoperative day 0 (43 ± 21 compared with 28 ± 23; p = 0.002) and postoperative days 0 through 2 (136 ± 59 compared with 90 ± 79; p = 0.004). Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS) composite scores for severity and bothersomeness as well as scores for nausea, vomiting, and itchiness were significantly higher in the PCEA group (p < 0.05). Quality of Recovery-40 scores and patient satisfaction were similar. Conclusions: PAI did not decrease the time to discharge and was associated with higher pain scores and greater opioid consumption but lower ORSDS scores compared with PCEA. The choice for analgesic regimen may depend on a particular patient’s threshold for pain and the potential side effects. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Chemical diffusion coefficient calculation of U3+ in LiCl-KCl molten salt

Abstract Self-diffusion coefficient denotes the intrinsic diffusion of elements without the chemical gradient; generally, it is different from the chemical diffusion coefficient that is used in Fick's law. However, the self-diffusion coefficient can be converted to the chemical diffusion coefficient by considering the concentration-dependent activity coefficient of solute. In this study, the multiple time origins method was applied to calculate the self-diffusion coefficient of U3+ in LiCl-KCl eutectic salt at different temperatures and concentrations. The chemical diffusion coefficient was obtained based on the calculated results and thermodynamic theory. Calculated results show that self-diffusion coefficient decreases with concentration however chemical diffusion coefficient indicates to change little initially but appears to increase followed by decrease later within the concentration range of 0–3 at%.
Experimental study of weak base ASP flooding effect

On the basis of laboratory experiments, this paper studies the property of weak alkali/surfactant/polymer (ASP) system according to field requirement under the conditions of same viscosity and different interfacial tension as well as same interfacial tension and different viscosities, discusses the impact of reservoir heterogeneity on the system and the retention volume of the system in porous media. The relationship between ASP system and the degree of recovery factor improvement is analyzed, and the mechanism of the system is intensively studied, thus providing certain theoretical basis for extensive and reasonable application of ASP flooding technology.
Comparison of Metabolic Outcomes in Children Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes Through Research Screening (Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young [DAISY]) Versus in the Community

Abstract Background: Children with positive islet autoantibodies monitored prospectively avoid metabolic decompensation at type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis. However, the effects of early diagnosis and treatment on preservation of insulin secretion and long-term metabolic control are unknown. We compared characteristics of children detected through research screening (Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young [DAISY]) versus community controls at baseline and, in a subset, 6- and 12-month metabolic outcomes. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study comparing DAISY children with T1D to children diagnosed in the general community. All participants underwent mixed-meal tolerance testing; a subset wore a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device. Fasting and stimulated C-peptide levels, insulin dose-adjusted hemoglobin A1c (IDAA1c), and CGM variables were compared. Results: Children (21 DAISY, 21 community) were enrolled and matched by age, time of diagnosis, and diabetes duration; 18 were enrolled ...
Feather-degrading bacilli in the plumage of wild birds: Prevalence and relation to feather wear

ABSTRACT The study of feather-degrading microorganisms in avian plumage is steadily growing, but it is still a poorly understood field. Feather-degrading microorganisms were first isolated from chicken feathers in 1992, and their presence in wild birds was first described in 1997. The bulk of research in this area has focused on the possible selection pressures generated by these organisms. Yet we still lack detailed knowledge about the pattern of distribution among species of birds, ecological associations of the birds and feather-degrading microbes, and the effects of these bacteria and fungi on live wild birds. We sampled 3,548 birds representing 154 species for a group of 3 closely related bacilli that are well known to degrade feathers. We found these bacilli to be widespread among birds, occurring in the plumage of 39% of sampled individuals. Furthermore, these bacteria occur in most, if not all, avian taxa at similar frequencies, though variation exists. We found that ground-foraging species had a ...
Expert System for Robot Hand Design Using Graph Representation

The design of robot hands exhibiting manipulative capabilities is a complex and difficult process. Such designs usually include large numbers of mechanical components each specifically structured in order to achieve the desired functionality. It is therefore necessary to investigate the feasibility of such devices at the early stages of design (Conceptual Design Stage) to arrive at acceptable concepts.
Uptake and Release of Dopamine from Rat Striatal Slices: Comparison of PCP, Amphetamine and Nomifensine

Phencyclidine (PCP) is an abused drug which produces untoward side-effects (violent behavior, hallucinations and paranoia) resembling certain forms of schizophrenia (Rawson et al., 1981). Understanding its mechanism of action may lead to the development of therapies to block its side-effects and may provide a basis for understanding the causes of schizophrenia.
Corporate Social Performance: The Context for CSR Leadership

This chapter takes up the proposition that a sense of self for corporate social responsibility (CSR) leadership is ripe for re-envisioning. It starts by examining two highly influential classifications of business and society research, one longitudinal and the other stationary. Although these classifications overlap in content, they differ in construction, the first representing an unfolding of research over time and the second a snapshot of cumulative research.
Helping Syrians Tell their Story to the World

This article explores network journalism (connective journalism) and shows how citizen journalists in Syria are trained and supported through the network journalism model. The article applies three major concepts of connective journalism: engagement with social networks, negotiation, and maintaining a connection with norms and values of journalism, and suggests a fourth aspect: protection. Through a case study of the newsgathering and mentoring process leading up to stories being posted on the Damascus Bureau website (damascusbureau.org), a news site dedicated to publishing the stories of Syrian citizen journalists, we show that connective journalism is a viable model for citizens to tell their community’s story to each other and the world.
Hydrogen-bonded polymer complexes and nanocages of weak polyacids templated by a Pluronic® block copolymer

We investigate the phase behavior, morphology, and temperature response of hydrogen-bonded assemblies formed by a triblock copolymer Pluronic® F127 (F127) and polycarboxylic acids of varied hydrophobicity and chain lengths. As confirmed by FTIR, the complexes of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) with F127 at acidic pH were stabilized by multiple hydrogen bonding between carboxylic acid groups of polyacids and ether groups of F127. The colloidal stability of the polyacid/F127 complexes (their occurrence as stable dispersions, slowly coagulating dispersions or precipitates) was dependent on the composition of complexes, polyacid molecular weight and hydrophobicity, as well as temperature. For both polyacids, complexes could not be solubilized in excess of polyacids, but excess of F127 resulted in the formation of colloidally stable nanostructured clusters whose size could be controlled from tens to hundreds of nanometers by the polyacid-to-F127 ratio, temperature, and the polyacid molecular weight. Hydrophobicity of polyacids had a dramatic effect on the temperature response of Pluronic®-enriched assemblies. While PMAA suppressed the LCST behavior of F127 due to binding within the temperature-responsive PPO core of F127, more hydrophilic PAA allowed F127 micellization and supported reversible, temperature-induced re-structuring of PAA–F127 clusters. At temperatures above the LCST of Pluronic®, low-molecular-weight PAA formed nanosized dispersed complexes, in which the polyacid chains were wrapped around individual F127 micelles. Chemical crosslinking of PAA in the shells of these complexes followed by removal of the templating F127 cores resulted in easy-to-prepare monodisperse pH-responsive polymer nanocages with controllable size and swelling amplitude.
Religion and Conformity: Reaffirming a Sociology of Religion

A presidential address is a rare opportunity to speak ex cathedra upon a large theme. In preparation for this occasion I considered a number of topics. At first I planned to take up the secularization thesis and to suggest how it has been sustained, not only by the anti-religious animus of social science, but because it has served to exonerate liberal Christianity for its organizational failures. But I have written more than enough on secularization lately (cf. Stark and Bainbridge, 1985). I also considered devoting this opportunity to recent work William Sims Bainbridge and I have done to create a formal theory of religion. But deductive theory requires precision not easily achieved in oral presentations, and so I decided to pass over that topic too. Finally, I chose a topic because it is vital to the intellectual standing of our field and also because it provides a suitable basis for exhortation. At the most general level, my theme is religious effects-the impact of religion or of religious commitment on other aspects of society and social behavior. This is the classic basis upon which the health of the sociology of religion rests. While most of us gathered here today find religion of considerable intrinsic interest, that view is not widely shared in the profession. Only to the extent that we can demonstrate substantial religious effects on social phenomena of general interest, can our field command attention, let alone respect. To the extent that we cannot demonstrate such effects, the sociology of religion is doomed to obscurity. Some of you are aware that I abandoned the sociology of religion in about 1969 and only returned to it several years ago. My inability to discover any consistent or robust religious effects played a major part in my decision to jump ship. Particularly disappointing were my efforts to find any empirical support for the proposition that religion sustains conformity to the normative order. In fact, about the only religious effects I could find were correlations between orthodoxy and opposition to drinking, dancing, and gambling among American Protestants. Whenever I searched for religious effects more remote from religiousness per se, I found little or nothing. If it is true that religion doesn't influence secular beliefs and activities, our field is of very limited worth. My purpose today is to reassure you that religion has truly potent effects and to explain why they have been so difficult to find. This topic permits me to explain why we must reaffirm that we are sociologists. For, as we shall see, religious effects seem allergic to psychological interpretation and do not show themselves except to authentic sociologists. Thus I am able to stand before you today as a penitent, having moral standing to call
Factors influencing photoluminescence and photocarrier lifetime in CdSeTe/CdMgTe double heterostructures

CdSeTe/CdMgTe double heterostructures were produced with both n-type and unintentionally doped absorber layers. Measurements of the dependence of photoluminescence intensity on excitation intensity were carried out, as well as measurements of time-resolved photoluminescence decay after an excitation pulse. It was found that decay times under very low photon injection conditions are dominated by a non-radiative Shockley-Read-Hall process described using a recombination center with an asymmetric capture cross section, where the cross section for holes is larger than that for electrons. As a result of the asymmetry, the center effectively extends photoluminescence decay by a hole trapping phenomenon. A reduction in electron capture cross section appeared at doping densities over 1016cm−3. An analysis of the excitation intensity dependence of room temperature photoluminescence revealed a strong relationship with doping concentration. This allows estimates of the carrier concentration to be made through a non-destructive optical method. Iodine was found to be an effective n-type dopant for CdTe, allowing controllable carrier concentrations without an increased rate of non-radiative recombination.
TCT-554 Meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating the outcomes with intravascular ultrasound guided stent implantation

In current practice, it is unknown if intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guidance for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) should be routinely endorsed. This study aimed to determine if IVUS-guided PCI is associated with improved outcomes, and whether the baseline coronary lesion length has an
Retrieving plasmonic near-field information: A quantum-mechanical model for streaking photoelectron spectroscopy of gold nanospheres

Streaked photoemission from nanostructures is characterized by size- and material-dependent nanometer-scale variations of the induced nanoplasmonic response to the electronic field of the streaking pulse and thus holds promise of allowing photoelectron imaging with both subfemtosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolution. In order to scrutinize the driven collective electronic dynamics in 10--200-nm-diameter gold nanospheres, we calculated the plasmonic field induced by streaking pulses in the infrared and visible spectral range and developed a quantum-mechanical model for streaked photoemission by extreme ultraviolet pulses. Our simulated photoelectron spectra reveal a significant amplitude enhancement and phase shift of the photoelectron streaking trace relative to calculations that exclude the induced plasmonic field. Both are most pronounced for streaking pulses tuned to the plasmon frequency and retrace the plasmonic electromagnetic field enhancement and phase shift near the nanosphere surface.
Aurora Luque, Los limones absortos (Málaga 2016)

Review of the collection of poems by Aurora Luque, entitled "Los limones absortos", edited with an Italian translation.
The influence of lithology on surface water sources

Understanding the temporal and spatial variability of water sources within a basin is vital to our ability to interpret hydrologic controls on biogeochemical processes and to manage water resources. Water stable isotopes can be used as a tool to determine geographic and seasonal sources of water at the basin scale. Previous studies in the Coastal Range of Oregon reported that the variation in the isotopic signatures of surface water did not conform to the commonly observed "elevation effect", which exhibits a trend of increasing isotopic depletion with rising elevation. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanisms governing seasonal and spatial variations in the isotopic signature of surface waters within the Marys River Basin, located in the leeward side of the Oregon Coastal Range. Surface water and precipitation samples were collected every 2-3 weeks for isotopic analysis for one year. Our results confirmed the lack of elevational variation of surface water isotopes within this leeward basin. While we find elevational variation in precipitation in the eastern portion of the watershed, this elevation effect is counteracted by rainout with distance from the Pacific coast. In addition we found significant variation in surface water isotope values between catchments underlain predominantly by basalt or sandstone. The degree of separation was strongest during the summer when low flows reflect deeper groundwater sources. This indicates that baseflow within streams drained by each lithology is being supplied from two distinctly separate water sources. In addition, the flow of the Marys River is dominated by water originating from the sandstone water source, particularly during the low flow summer months. We interpreted that the difference in water source results from sandstone catchments having highly fractured geology or locally tipping to the east facilitating cross-basin water exchange from the windward to the leeward side of the Coast Range. Our results challenge topographic derived watershed boundaries in permeable sedimentary rocks; highlighting the overwhelming importance of underlying geology.
Incidental littoral cell angioma in refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura

![Figure][1] A 21-year-old man presented with immune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Imaging revealed mild splenomegaly without lesions. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed for refractory thrombocytopenia. Gross examination showed a 250-g
Exploring Cancer Metabolism using Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM)

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer. The changes in metabolism are adaptive to permit proliferation, survival, and eventually metastasis in a harsh environment. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics (SIRM) is an approach that uses advanced approaches of NMR and mass spectrometry to analyze the fate of individual atoms from stable isotope-enriched precursors to products to deduce metabolic pathways and networks. The approach can be applied to a wide range of biological systems, including human subjects. This review focuses on the applications of SIRM to cancer metabolism and its use in understanding drug actions.
Voice and Vote for the Weaker Nations: Mexico’s Bretton Woods

This chapter examines the leadership role played by Mexico in the planning and execution of the Bretton Woods conference, and explains Mexico’s privileged position there as the result of an active partnership over many years between Mexican and US financial experts. Over the two decades before Bretton Woods, Mexican diplomats, political figures, and economists had been consistently fighting for poorer countries to have ‘voice and vote’ in international economic organizations. This advocacy led Mexican officials at Bretton Woods to fight for the inclusion of a vision for the development of the “weaker nations,” and not simply the reconstruction of Europe; a just distribution of responsibilities within the new institutions; and more equitable representation in the new international bodies. Mexican experts, this chapter demonstrates, both foresaw, and attempted to forestall, issues of inequity in the new global economic order.
Experimental investigation of variability in bubble departure characteristics between nucleation sites in subcooled boiling flow

Abstract Experiments have been conducted in a vertical square channel for investigation of wall nucleation characteristics in subcooled boiling flow. Bubble departures from multiple sites are measured simultaneously for nine conditions. Existing bubble departure diameter models are benchmarked and are shown to be satisfactory in predicting condition-average bubble departure diameter. However, significant variations are observed in the bubble departure frequency across different nucleation sites of a given condition largely due to intermittent periods of inactivity. A benchmark of the existing bubble departure frequency models shows that the models are generally applicable to an ‘active’ frequency but cannot account for the impact of these periods of inactivity. This finding highlights an important issue in the current modeling and understanding of the gas-phase boundary condition. This periodic inactivity, if not incorporated into the wall nucleation modeling, will result in a large overprediction of bubbles generated at the wall. A physical justification for this inactivity is discussed based on the modeling of the active nucleation site density.
UNLAMINATED GAFCHROMIC EBT3 FILM FOR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION MONITORING

Measurement of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is important for human health, especially with the expanded usage of short wavelength UV for sterilization purposes. This work examines unlaminated Gafchromic EBT3 film for UV radiation monitoring. The authors exposed the film to select wavelengths in the UV spectrum, ranging from 207 to 328 nm, and measured the change in optical density. The response of the film is wavelength dependent, and of the wavelengths tested, the film was most sensitive to 254 nm light, with measurable values as low as 10 µJ/cm2. The film shows a dose-dependent response that extends over more than four orders of magnitude. The response of the film to short wavelength UV is comparable to the daily safe exposure limits for humans, thus making it valuable as a tool for passive UV radiation monitoring.
Endoreplication: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

To battle adverse internal and external conditions and maintain homeostasis, diploid organisms employ various cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. In some tissues, an alternative mechanism, endoreplication, is employed toward similar goals. Endoreplication is an evolutionarily conserved cell cycle program during which cells replicate their genomes without division, resulting in polyploid cells. Importantly, endoreplication is reported to be indispensable for normal development and organ formation across various organisms, from fungi to humans. In recent years, more attention has been drawn to delineating its connections to wound healing and tumorigenesis. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of endoreplication and polyploidization, their essential and positive roles in normal development and tissue homeostasis, and the relationship between polyploidy and cancer.
Face Value? Exploring the Effects of Embodiment for a Group Facilitation Agent

We are interested in increasing the ability of groups to collaborate efficiently by leveraging new advances in AI and Conversational Agent (CA) technology. Given the longstanding debate on the necessity of embodiment for CAs, bringing them to groups requires answering the questions of whether and how providing a CA with a face affects its interaction with the humans in a group. We explored these questions by comparing group decision-making sessions facilitated by an embodied agent, versus a voice-only agent. Results of an experiment with 20 user groups revealed that while the embodiment improved various aspects of group's social perception of the agent (e.g., rapport, trust, intelligence, and power), its impact on the group-decision process and outcome was nuanced. Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative findings, we discuss the pros and cons of embodiment, argue that the value of having a face depends on the types of assistance the agent provides, and lay out directions for future research.
Heat acclimation increases mitochondrial respiration capacity of C2C12 myotubes and protects against LPS-mediated energy deficit.

This work investigated the effect of a 6-day heat acclimation (HA) protocol on myotube metabolic responses at baseline and in response to a subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. C2C12 myotubes were incubated for 2 h/day at 40 °C for 6 days (HA) or maintained at 37 °C (C). Following 24-h recovery, myotubes were challenged with 500 ng/ml LPS for 2 h, then collected for analysis of protein markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and macronutrient storage. Functional significance of these changes was confirmed with mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic measurements on a Seahorse XF-96 analyzer. HA stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and increased indicators of mitochondrial content [SIRT1 (+ 62%); PGC-1α (+ 57%); NRF-1 (+ 40%); TFAM (+ 141%); CS (+ 25%); CytC (+ 38%); all p 0.05) but increased LDH-B (+ 30%; p = 0.02) and CPT-1 (+ 55%; p 0.05). Oxidative reliance was elevated in HA over that in control (+ 25%; p < 0.01) and in HA + LPS over C + LPS (+ 30%; p < 0.01). In summary, HA stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis in C2C12 myotubes. HA myotubes exhibited (1) elevated basal/peak mitochondrial respiration capacities; (2) greater oxidative reliance; and (3) protection against LPS-mediated respiration impairment. Collectively, these data suggest HA may improve aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle and protect against LPS-mediated energy deficit.
Consistent Staffing for Long‐Term Care through On‐Call Pools

Nursing home managers are increasingly striving to ensure consistency of care, defined as minimizing the number of unique nurse aides who care for a resident during at least one shift over the course of one month. Unfortunately, managers often struggle to provide consistent care, primarily due to last‐minute nurse aide absences and choosing to staff these absences with aides from an external rental agency. We are the first to study the use of an “on‐call” pool—aides on staff who may be called in to work in the event of absences—as an operational strategy to improve consistency. We provide structural results for the relationship between the number of aides in the on‐call pool, staffing cost, and inconsistency level. We also show that a “restricted” on‐call pool—in which the slots in the pool are distributed as evenly as possible across units—outperforms an “open,” or unrestricted, on‐call pool. We further demonstrate that converting full‐time positions to part‐time positions can improve consistency of care if the part‐time aides’ on‐call pool participation rate is sufficiently high. Numerical results for a typical 100‐bed and a 200‐bed facility demonstrate that an on‐call pool can (a) reduce the staffing costs due to absences by 24% while also (slightly) reducing the inconsistency level, or (b) significantly reduce the inconsistency level without increasing costs.
The Utilization of Prose Representations

In Chapter 4 a method was described for exposing the content of schemas and the cognitive representations of passages. A representational system was also presented in which it was assumed that the cognitive representations consist of conceptual graph structures. These graph structures contain labeled nodes that are interconnected by labeled, directed arcs. In Chapter 4 no experimental evidence was presented that tested how well the theoretical graph structures approximate the true cognitive representations of passages. One goal in this chapter is to present supporting data. If the representations can account for data in a variety of behavioral tasks, then the representational system approaches credibility. As more data can be explained, the representational system becomes more credible. The studies reported in this chapter will not prove that the representational system is correct or better than all alternative representational systems. The enterprise is too young and the data are too scant to arrive at any definitive or sweeping statements. The most that can be hoped for is that some readers will be convinced that the proposed framework is worthwhile to pursue.
Noninvasive Methods of Temperature Measurement

Non-uniform temperature distributions are the objectives of localized heating: high temperature in the tumor volume, lower in adjacent normal tissue. To ascertain actual temperature distributions during heating, therefore, becomes very important. It is obviously necessary to monitor the temperature that critical normal tissues reach. It is equally imperative to obtain temperature distributions within tumors. To underscore this, several studies have suggested that it is the lowest, not the highest, average tumor temperature that tends to determine tumor response to hyperthermia (or to hyperthermia plus x- irradiation). Therefore, the knowledge of existence or absence of “cold spots” within the tumor is likely to be important and particularly the existence of such cold spots may influence treatment strategy. To obtain meaningful temperature distributions, even for tumors close to body surfaces is not easy. The difficulties associated with invasive temperature measurement have already been discussed by several contributors to this volume. To obtain adequate, three-dimensional temperature distributions in most deep-seated lesions will almost surely require the development of non-invasive methods of measuring temperature distributions as these develop during treatment. Several techniques for obtaining such data non-invasively have been discussed in the literature.
The Amalek Factor: Child Soldiers and the Impossibility of Representation

Both Judith Butler and Jacques Ranciere call into question the feasibility, ethics, and aesthetic possibilities of representation, especially in depictions of what would seem to be most horrendous. Their views on representation are crucial for our understanding of the recent spate of child-soldier narratives in film or literature. In reading Butler alongside Beah, Abani, and others, the figure of Amalek is evoked. Amalek is the Biblical figure whom God orders the Israelites to remember to forget. In that injunction the paradoxical notions of the face and of representational art are brought into contradictory focus.
DETECTION OF LOWLAND FLOODING USING ACTIVE MICROWAVE SYSTEMS.

The development of radar systems with longer wavelenths (greater than 3 cm) has provided new possibilities regarding the utilization of radar. Thus, it has been found that the interpretation of data from radar images can be a valuable classification aid for applications related to water resources. In the case of an interpreter accustomed to photographic or visible/infrared images, an evaluation of radar images presents some problems, because the radar is sensing a set of surface characteristics which have little influence on visible/infrared systems. Detectable features in radar images caused by differences in dielectric properties are usually associated with the water content of either soils or vegetation. The present paper is concerned with studies which were initiated in 1976. The studies had the objective to define the magnitude of the effects on radar data caused by flood waters under vegetation. The obtained results indicate the feasibility to detect flood conditions beneath a forest canopy, and to obtain an improved definition of the land-water boundary.
Properties of Clouds and Cloud Systems

Observations of clouds from the surface, aircraft and spacecraft gi ve the impression of great complexity and variability. Quantitative descriptions of the variety of clouds and determination of its causes have been limited by lack of comprehensive and systematic observations that cover the full range of space and time scales over which clouds vary. Now, there are two cloud datasets that cover scales from 30 km and 3 hr up to the whole globe for more than a decade, giving us, for the first time, a truly global view of clouds and their variability. One dataset provides information on cloud cover, cloud base heights and cloud morphology from several decades of surface weather observations (Warren et al., 1986, 1988; Hahn et al., 1995). These observations can be supplemented by balloon measurements of t he profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity that can provide information about cloud layer structure (Poore et al., 1995; Wang and Rossow, 1995). Much more detailed cloud observations of global cloudiness are possible using satellite remote sensing. A comprehensive survey of cloud cover, cloud top temperature/pressure and visible optical thickness has been produced from more than a decade of observations from the international constellation of weather satellites (Schiffer and Rossow, 1983; Rossow and Schiffer, 1991). Newer satellite instruments and analysis techniques extend the list of cloud properties that can be measured by satellites. Combining all of these results provides the best available survey of cloud properties and also indicates what satellite instruments should be included in a future cloud observing system.