cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Key and Tempo on Audio Onset Detection Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Sensitivity Analysis

In this paper, we explore the effect of musical context on audio onset detection using machine learning techniques. We extract the signal intensity and frequency energy of audio as the attributes of input instances for the machine learning techniques. The audio is synthesized from MIDI files, providing exact information of onset events. We test three state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Neural Networks (NN), and Na?ve Bayes (NB) with Ada boosting, for learning and classifying audio onsets. We found that SVMs perform best in general, based on the average of training and 10-fold cross validation errors as the evaluation criterion. We then test the SVM and NN, the two best performing methods, on Bach?s Prelude in C major BWV 943, transposed to different keys and time-stretched to various tempi. The error rates ranged from 23.91% (when training set key and tempo equals those of the test set) to 37.22% (when the key is off by four accidentals) and 37.91% (when tempo is 20 beats per minute faster). The results show that audio onset detection performs significantly better when the key and tempo attributes of the test and training sets concur, than when they are different, thus supporting the utility of tempo and key knowledge in designing onset detection systems, or in prescribing confidence statistics to onset detection outcomes.
Coingestion of whey protein and casein in a mixed meal: demonstration of a more sustained anabolic effect of casein

When consumed separately, whey protein (WP) is more rapidly absorbed into circulation than casein (Cas), which prompted the concept of rapid and slow dietary protein. It is unclear whether these pr...
“We Belong to Them”: The Costs of Funding for Rape Crisis Centers

This research explores the transformation of rape crisis centers and whether directors, staff, interns, and volunteers see changes as beneficial or detrimental to rape crisis centers and the victims they serve. Data from 63 interviews with directors, staff, interns, and volunteers from six rape crisis centers located in four East Coast states indicate that although centers may have been formed for different reasons depending on when they opened, all have become more professional, rely less on volunteers, engage in more collaboration with other agencies, and have largely abandoned their traditional activism agenda. Traditional activism through political protests and membership in consciousness raising groups has been replaced by community education and outreach. Some of these changes are viewed as positive whereas others are viewed as negative.
FUSULINIDS: PREDATION DAMAGE AND REPAIR OF TESTS FROM THE UPPER PENNSYLVANIAN OF KANSAS

T he abundant fusulinids of the Hughes Creek Shale Member of the Foraker Limestone in east-central Kansas are noted for their excellent preservation (Hageman and Kaesler, 1998). Not all these fossils are in pristine condition, however, as taphonomy has taken its toll. We deal in part with necrolysis during predation, but we examine more specifically instances in which predation failed and the fusulinid survived to repair damage to its test. Discussing teratology (the study of malformations) of the fusulinid Parafusulina , Bradley (1956, p. 304) wrote, “It is neither plausible to attempt specifically to collect teratological specimens, nor to re-examine all existing collections. However, notation by many observers over a period of years may divulge the significance of teratology in the study of paleoecology.” Teratology of fusulinids has been undertaken by several previous authors: Staff (1910), Dunbar and Skinner (1937), Dunbar and Henbest (1942), Kahler (1942), Bradley (1956), and Wilde (1965). In spite of the usefulness of fusulinids in biostratigraphy, little is known of how they interacted with other organisms. Predators appear to have used a number of tactics, most of which were focused apparently on an area of weakness of the test, the tunnel. Other fusulinids were attacked at the poles or had test material peeled back, much as modern-day crabs strip away the shells of snails and clams. Our examination of such specimens includes the use of serial sections. We categorize the damage to the fusulinid test as equatorial or polar and the repair as hasty or deliberate, termed, respectively, bioplastering and bioadjustment. #### Sampling The Hughes Creek Shale crops out about 1.5 km east of Paxico, Kansas, on Interstate 70. It was sampled because it contains abundant, well-preserved specimens of Triticites ventricosus (Meek and Hayden, 1858). These specimens have weathered free from …
Sync & Sense: VoIP Measurement Methodology for Assessing One-Way Delay Without Clock Synchronization

It is well known that measuring the one-way delay of voice-over-IP (VoIP) packets is a daunting task. The challenge lies in the fact that the Internet implicitly enforces the end-to-end principle. This means that the endpoints are expected to operate independently. Without a synchronized timing, it is difficult for an endpoint to measure the one-way delay. This paper presents the refined version of the novel VoIP measurement methodology called Sync & Sense of Periodic Stream that can overcome such a challenge. Sync & Sense is unique in that it can virtually synchronize the transmission and reception timing of the VoIP session without requiring a synchronized clock. Our performance study shows that Sync & Sense can accurately measure the one-way network delay of the VoIP packets (without propagation delay). While time skew is very common in any system involving a clock, we also discuss this issue and how Sync & Sense can deal with the time skew without requiring a synchronized clock.
Effects of Conditioning on Life and Reliability of Capacitors

The results of a study of the life behavior of a developmental capacitor of the synthetic film type are presented. The life is shown to be extremely sensitive to thermal history of the capacitor. Heating at 85°C for 100 days increased the life by at least 40 to 1. Progressive stress testing in which voltage is increased with time aided materially in defining this effect as well as in showing that two mechanisms of failure were present. The purpose in this presentation is to present an example of the conditioning effect because it is not generally recognized that its effect on life can be as serious as it often is.
A four-vector field based formulation for bianisotropic media

A four-vector field based formulation that is suitable for a special class of bianisotropic media is presented. The well known six-vector field based formulation is also reviewed for the sake of comparison. Advantages and drawbacks of the six and four-vector formalisms are discussed and the applicability to various material tensor forms is highlighted. It is shown that, when applicable, the four-vector field based formulation can offer simplification in mathematical analysis due to its reduced dimensionality. In addition, the more compact notation of the four-vector approach can more clearly reveal the physical nature of the currents and corresponding fields. The Green's function of a parallel-plate waveguide filled with uniaxial electric and magnetic material is found in order to demonstrate the practical implementation and methodology of the four-vector approach. Future works are discussed, which include application of the four-vector formalism to various guiding structures involving bianisotropic media and a two-vector formalism that is suitable for gyrotropic bianisotropic materials.
Funny Vibe: Towards a Somaesthetic Approach to Anti-racist Education

This chapter begins by examining in a rigorous yet accessible way the architectonics of the human body and the intimate mind-body relationship as discussed in the varied but complimentary work of John Dewey, Michel Foucault, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. In looking at this relationship, it utilizes philosopher Richard Shusterman’s analytic somaesthetics (or aesthetics of the lived body, or “soma”) to expose the way racist ideology is covertly materialized and preserved through encoding in somatic norms or habits that typically elude critical consciousness and reflection. As bodily habits, these somatic norms can trigger, reinforce, and even heighten oppressive and discriminatory ways of thinking, feeling, and acting in firsthand encounters with racial “others.” After establishing the problem of the visceral grip of racism in this manner, the chapter turns to Shusterman’s pragmatic somaesthetics for possible means of revealing and reconstructing these bodily habits, highlighting their “felt” aesthetic dimensions in nondiscursive experience. The chapter closes by arguing for the necessity of building a somaesthetic component into antiracist pedagogy and offers some initial suggestions for doing so.
Near-haploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a unique subgroup with a poor prognosis?

We describe two adolescent girls with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) whose leukemia cells were near-haploid. Their lymphoblasts stained in a block pattern with periodic acid Schiff and had “common ALL” surface markers confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. Each patient had two populations of blasts, one near-haploid and one hyperdiploid, which was an exact doubling of the near-haploid karyotype. The first patient had a predominant population of cells with 26 chromosomes and a few with 52, while the second had a predominance of cells with 56 and a minority with 28. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content initially detected the minor near-haploid population in the second patient, which was confirmed later by cytogenetic review of the marrow sample. In addition to our two patients, only four patients have been reported with near-haploid ALL. Of these six, five were girls, five were adolescents, and five had short survivals (median, 10 mo). All six had disomy of chromosome 21 with or without disomy for chromosomes 10, 14, 18, or X (four patients each). Thus, near-haploid ALL may represent a unique subgroup of ALL with a poor prognosis. To detect these and other possible subgroups, we have included cytogenetic analysis and flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in our initial evaluation of patients with ALL.
Viability and fate of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in tubular anaerobic digesters

In many developing countries where pathogenic diseases of animal waste origin, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, are often prevalent, facilities are limited to treat livestock waste. However, household-scale anaerobic digesters are currently being promoted for bioenergy production from livestock manure. Since the effluent is often used as a fertilizer for food crops, it is critical to understand the effect of environmental conditions within household-scale digesters on the viability of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. In this study, key environmental parameters affecting (oo)cyst inactivation were measured in four tubular anaerobic digesters, which are a type of household-scale digester promoted for treatment of swine waste in rural Costa Rica. Interviews and participant observations were used to understand digester operation and maintenance procedures. Ambient temperatures (21-24°C), near-neutral pH, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations<250 mg/L and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) between 23 and 180 days were observed. Laboratory (oo)cysts inactivation studies were performed in bench-scale digesters, which were maintained under conditions similar to those observed in the field. Apparent first-order inactivation rate coefficients for Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum were 0.155 ± 0.041 and 0.054 ± 0.006 day(-1), respectively. Temperature and volatile fatty acids were the main factors contributing to Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia inactivation. A mathematical model was developed that predicts the concentration of (oo)cysts in the liquid effluent of tubular digesters like those observed in Costa Rica. A mathematical model was developed that predicts the concentration of (oo)cysts in the liquid effluent of tubular digesters like those observed in Costa Rica. Two dimensionless groups can be used to predict the performance of the digesters for inactivating pathogens; both dimensionless groups depend upon the average HRT in the digester. This is the first study to combine mathematical modeling with qualitative analysis, field and laboratory studies to predict the concentrations of (oo)cysts in tubular digester effluents.
Fidelity to Our Imperfect Constitution: For Moral Readings and Against Originalisms

Acknowledgments Chapter 1. Are We All Originalists Now? I Hope Not! Part I. The New Originalism and Its Originalist Discontents Chapter 2. The New Originalist Manifesto Chapter 3. Fidelity, Change, and the Good Constitution Part II. A Moral Reading or Philosophic Approach Chapter 4. Fidelity Through a Moral Reading or Philosophic Approach Chapter 5. The Place of Precedent and Common Law Constitutional Interpretation Part III. Living Originalism and Living Constitutionalism as Moral Readings Chapter 6. Fidelity Through Living Originalism: Redeeming the Promises of the Constitution Chapter 7. Fidelity to Our Living Constitution: Honoring the Achievements of We the People Part IV. Fidelity to Our Imperfect Constitution Chapter 8. Is It Time to Rewrite the Constitution? Fidelity Through Perfecting Our Imperfect Constitution Epilogue Index
Terahertz Spectroscopy of 25MgH (X2Σ+) and 67ZnH (X2Σ+): Bonding in Simple Metal Hydrides

Pure rotational spectra of (25)MgH (X(2)Σ(+)) and (67)ZnH (X(2)Σ(+)) were recorded using direct absorption techniques. These free radicals were synthesized by the reaction of metal vapor, generated in a Broida-type oven, with H2 in a dc discharge. The N = 0 → 1 and N = 1 → 2 transitions were recorded for both species in the frequency range 342-789 GHz. Spin-rotation and metal and proton hyperfine interactions were resolved in the spectra. From these data, rotational, fine structure, and hyperfine constants were determined, including the Fermi contact, dipolar, and electric quadrupole parameters of the (25)Mg and (67)Zn nuclei. Comparison of the metal and proton hyperfine terms suggests that the unpaired electron resides in a σ molecular orbital that has significant s contributions from both the metal and the hydrogen atoms. The dipolar terms for both metals are relatively large, in contrast to those of the proton, and indicate spσ and possibly sdσ (zinc only) orbital hybridization. The quadrupole constants arise principally from the p/d orbital character of the unpaired electron, although there is a non-negligible polarization contribution. These results suggest significant covalent character in both MgH and ZnH, in contrast to their fluoride analogs.
Resistive Training and Selected Effects

This article has briefly discussed the various modes and methods of resistive training, and their relative values and effectiveness in achieving desired goals. Evidence has been presented indicating that resistive training can enhance both "physical and emotional fitness as well as reduce some cardiovascular disease risk factors." This may allow a greater satisfaction and enjoyment in daily activities as well as improve athletic performance.
Parathyroid hormone inhibition of vasopressin-induced vascular smooth muscle contraction

In various cells, parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to initiate both polyphosphoinositide (PI) breakdown and activation of adenylate cyclase (AC). In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), PI hydrolysis is known to induce contraction, whereas a rise in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) causes relaxation. In the present study, the effect of PTH on arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced VSMC contraction and signal transduction was studied. PTH (10(-7) M) attenuated the percentage of VSMC contracting in response to AVP (10(-7) M; 40 to 26.5%, P < 0.05). This loss of VSMC contractility was not the result of PTH-induced changes in AVP receptor binding. PTH did, however, stimulate VSMC cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of PTH on AVP-induced contraction could be mimicked by treating VSMC with the cell-permeant cAMP analogue, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (ClPheScAMP). The effect of PTH on AVP-induced VSMC contraction was blocked by H-8, an inhibitor of protein kinase A and thus cAMP production. In parallel to the inhibitory effects of ClPheScAMP on VSMC contraction, AVP-stimulated inositol trisphosphate production was also reduced by this permeant cAMP (4,415 to 2,592 cpm/mg protein, P < 0.01). PTH-induced production of cAMP was not blocked by an inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis [PTH 203 vs. PTH + ibuprofen 161 fmol/micrograms protein, not significant (NS)]. In contrast, AVP also stimulated cAMP, but this increase was blocked by ibuprofen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Salvage of failed massive allograft reconstruction with endoprosthesis

Objective To evaluate the functional result of reconstruction with endoprostheses for the failure of massive allograft.Methods twenty-two patients with failed massive allograft following tumor resection of the shoulder and knee were revised with modular oncology endoprostheses.Original diagnosis were osteosarcoma (11),chondrosarcoma (4),malignant fibrous histocytoma (3),giant cell tumor (2),malignant hemangioendothelima (1) and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell.The sites involved distal femur (14),proximal humerus (3) and proximal tibia (3).Results Reasons for failure of the original allograft included fracture (14),infection (5),both fracture and infection (2) and nonunion (1).Patients were followed up for averaged 154.2 months (63-293) after allograft reconstruction and 73.4 months (24-234) after endoprosthetic revision.In 81.8% (18/22) of the cases,a successful revision procedure was obtained.90.9%(20/22)patients retained functional limbs at recent follow-up.MSTS scores of these patients were averaged 76.5% (range 60%-93.3%).However,one patient (proximal humerus) required multiple revision procedures to improve his function;another patient underwent a second revision from distal femoral endoprosthesis to total femoral replacement due to proximal femoral loosening,two others (distal femur endoprostheses) underwent amputation because of infection and fracture.Conclusions Endoprosthetic revision for failed massive allograft is a successful salvage strategy.Reconstruction outcome was affected by operative technique.A limb with function can be reserved by two stages revision after allograft infection.With regard to the treatment of allograft failure-infection and fracture,endoprosthetic salvage affords the opportunity to preserve limb function with limited complications.
Nature Versus Culture: A Mistaken Conundrum

What constitutes humanity? Is it nature or culture? Culturalists like David Schneider or Marshall Sahlins stress culture, whereas biologically inclined theorists stress nature. The distinction is itself based in older, religious dichotomies between body and spirit. Claude Levi-Strauss used it in his theory of the evolution of marriage practices, and it figures into arguments about biological or cultural features of kinship ties. However, kinship is an intrinsic amalgamation of nature and culture, and it is important to see it as a fusion of these two, thus breaking the frame of dichotomous thinking. Since the body/mind distinction underlies the kinship debates, it is useful to note that the concept of mental versus physical health dichotomizes life processes that must be recognized as embodied and holistic.
Domestic and International Climate Migration from Rural Mexico

Evidence is increasing that climate change and variability may influence human migration patterns. However, there is less agreement regarding the type of migration streams most strongly impacted. This study tests whether climate change more strongly impacted international compared to domestic migration from rural Mexico during 1986-99. We employ eight temperature and precipitation-based climate change indices linked to detailed migration histories obtained from the Mexican Migration Project. Results from multilevel discrete-time event-history models challenge the assumption that climate-related migration will be predominantly short distance and domestic, but instead show that climate change more strongly impacted international moves from rural Mexico. The stronger climate impact on international migration may be explained by the self-insurance function of international migration, the presence of strong migrant networks, and climate-related changes in wage difference. While a warming in temperature increased international outmigration, higher levels of precipitation declined the odds of an international move.
Live Load Models Based on WIM Data

The objective of the paper is to present the results of weigh-in-motion (WIM) measurements carried out in Michigan. Selected bridges were instrumented and truck weights and axle configurations were determined from strains in lower flanges of girders. Normal traffic flow was considered. The trucks were run through influence lines to determine the maximum moments and shears for various bridge span lengths. The resulting moments and shears are plotted on the normal probability paper to facilitate statistical interpretations. The obtained load distributions are compared with the results of truck surveys carried out using the stationary scales at truck weigh station. The study indicates that overloaded trucks avoid going through the scales and the weigh station data is biased to less heavy vehicles.
RNA-dependent RNA targeting by CRISPR-Cas9

Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) binding and cleavage by Cas9 is a hallmark of type II CRISPR-Cas bacterial adaptive immunity. All known Cas9 enzymes are thought to recognize DNA exclusively as a natural substrate, providing protection against DNA phage and plasmids. Here, we show that Cas9 enzymes from both subtypes II-A and II-C can recognize and cleave single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) by an RNA-guided mechanism that is independent of a protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) sequence in the target RNA. RNA-guided RNA cleavage is programmable and site-specific, and we find that this activity can be exploited to reduce infection by single-stranded RNA phage in vivo. We also demonstrate that Cas9 can direct PAM-independent repression of gene expression in bacteria. These results indicate that a subset of Cas9 enzymes have the ability to act on both DNA and RNA target sequences, and suggest the potential for use in programmable RNA targeting applications.
Variation in Part-Time Work among Pediatric Subspecialties.

Objective To assess the part-time workforce and average hours worked per week among pediatric subspecialists in the 15 medical subspecialties certified by the American Board of Pediatrics. Study design We examined data from pediatric subspecialists who enrolled in Maintenance of Certification with the American Board of Pediatrics from 2009 to 2015. Data were collected via an online survey. Providers indicated whether they worked full time or part time and estimated the average number of hours worked per week in clinical, research, education, and administrative tasks, excluding time on call. We calculated and compared the range of hours worked by those in full- and part-time positions overall, by demographic characteristics, and by subspecialty. Results Overall, 9.6% of subspecialists worked part time. There was significant variation in part-time employment rates between subspecialties, ranging from 3.8% among critical care pediatricians to 22.9% among developmental-behavioral pediatricians. Women, American medical graduates, and physicians older than 70 years of age reported higher rates of part-time employment than men, international medical graduates, and younger physicians. There was marked variation in the number of hours worked across subspecialties. Most, but not all, full-time subspecialists reported working at least 40 hours per week. More than one-half of physicians working part time in hematology and oncology, pulmonology, and transplant hepatology reported working at least 40 hours per week. Conclusions There are unique patterns of part-time employment and hours worked per week among pediatric medical subspecialists that make simple head counts inadequate to determine the effective workforce. Our findings are limited to the 15 American Board of Pediatrics-certified medical subspecialties.
Does the passé composé influence L2 learners’ use of English past tenses?: A semantic exploration of the present perfect in French-English interlanguage

This study explores the uses of the present perfect (PP) and simple past (SP) by French learners of English and assesses how those uses differ from those in native English and those of the passe compose (PC) in native French which, semantically, overlaps with PP and SP. Methodologically, the study is based on over 3,000 contextualized occurrences of PP, SP and PC, and includes cluster and collostructional analyses. Overall, relatively native-like form-function mappings in interlanguage emerge from the analyses, suggesting that, semantically, advanced learners have integrated the uses of past tenses and that the influence of the PC is relatively weak. Further, at an upper-intermediate to advanced proficiency level, learners have integrated the fine-grained contextual information characteristic of the use of English past tenses. Ultimately, the study shows how different methodological designs can lead to varying conclusions on the (non-)nativelike usage patterns of PP in interlanguage.
Functional interactive effects of D1 and D2 dopamine receptor blockade.

Multiple types of dopamine (DA) receptors have been shown to exist in the striatum (Seeman, 1980). These receptor populations have been divided into those which stimulate the enzyme adenylate cyclase (D2 sites) and those which are not directly linked to or suppress this enzyme (D2 sites, Kebabian and Calne, 1978; Stoof and Kebabian, 1984). Until now, the functional effects of DA receptor activation in the brain have been attributed to drug action at D2 receptor sites. Thus, good correlations exist between the ability of neuroleptic drugs to displace 3H-spiroperidol from specific binding sites on D2 receptors (Seeman, 1980) and their antipsychotic activity (Seeman, 1977; Creese et al., 1979; Seeman, 1980). Although no obvious physiological function for D1 sites in brain is known, recent evidence has suggested an interaction between D1 and D2 sites. For example, SKF 38393, a D1 agonist, stimulates the efflux of cAMP from superfused striatal tissue slices, and this stimulation is antagonized by LY 141865, a selective D2 agonist.
Asbestosis and Silicosis

Many of the lung diseases discussed in this book are the result of exposures to environmental substances, including infections, malignancies, immune reactions, and chronic interstitial diseases. Individual sections and chapters discuss lung cancer and mesothelioma (Sections 3 and 4), infections (Section 5), asthma (Chapter 51), and nonneoplastic smoking-related diseases (Chapter 49). This chapter focuses on those exposures that occur in the occupational environment and produce nonneoplastic lung disease. Although occupational exposures may produce asthma, small airways disease, acute lung injury, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, this chapter discusses the pneumoconioses.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RENAL DISEASE

Occupational renal diseases provide models for understanding environmental renal diseases. Kidney damage in a few workers induced by heavy exposure to identifiable toxins indicates what to expect among the large population exposed to low levels of toxins dispersed in the larger environment. Occupational and environmental renal diseases present a unique opportunity for primary prevention as well as the diagnostic challenge of long latency and multifactorial etiology. The occupational and environmental toxins that cause chronic renal disease include the heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, U), organic compounds sometimes referred to as solvents, silica, and beryllium. Toxins encountered as medicinal agents such as germanium, gold, and aluminum will not be considered. This review will update major contributions to the subject which have appeared over the past half decade.
Training Needs and Challenges of Family Child Care Providers

The quality of experiences in child care has significant, lasting impact on children's development. With the growing number of young children attending child care homes, it is imperative to provide a safe environment which nurtures their development. In efforts to offer family child care providers with useful education and resources, this descriptive study summarizes the results of a survey of 178 family child care providers on their training needs. Focus group feedback from family child care providers attending training workshops on safety, environmental arrangements, and proactive behavior management is also described. The caregivers reported that training in behavior management has the highest priority. Participants described a need for low-cost training in the evening or on weekends that is relevant to family child care settings with one caregiver serving children of varying ages.
LOSS AND RECOVERY OF HEPATIC MONOOXYGENASE ACTIVITIES AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF ALLYLISOPROPYLACETAMIDE (AIA) TO MICE

P-450-linked monooxygenase systems can be characterized by the losses, recoveries and inductions of activities that follow AIA administration to mice.
Sustainable turning using multi-objective optimization: a study of Al 6061 T6 at high cutting speeds

The objective of this study is to determine optimum machining parameters during high-speed turning (up to 1500 m/min) of Al 6061 T6 alloy. The chosen machining parameters optimize the trade-off between three competing responses: specific cutting energy, material removal rate, and surface roughness. These responses were first analyzed independently to establish their conflicting nature. Individual responses were then combined to formulate a multi-objective function using gray relational analysis augmented with analytic hierarchy process. Multi-objective function was optimized using regression analysis and response surface optimization. Analysis of variance results revealed cutting feed to be the most significant machining parameter affecting multi-objective function, followed by cutting speed and depth of cut. The proposed machining parameters resulted in reduction of specific cutting energy by 5% and an improvement of 33% in material removal rate while surface roughness remained unaffected.
Assessing Learning from, with, and in Games Revisited: A Heuristic for Emerging Methods and Commercial Off-the-Shelf Games

Technology systems and tools have evolved; current technologies are connected, pervasive, and smart. Digital systems like games have become more dynamic, emergent, and complex. In response to these advancements, considerable effort has been applied to understand how people learn from, with, and within game-based environments. Scientists continue to expand the perspectives and views on humans and their interactions with systems like video games. Further, the methods and tools available to frame research, capture and extract data from these environments, and contextualize the inferences from the patterns discovered among the data have also evolved. This chapter coalesces experience from research with video games informed by three key perspectives: (1) games are complex systems; (2) human-computer interaction is a viable framework to describe learning with and in these systems; and (3) process-oriented data extracted from games can be informed from an analytics perspective. Specifically, six principles are presented that may help researchers engage in studies that involve the process of learning. These emerged from several years of research and include several key questions associated with special considerations, challenges, or pitfalls when deciding on a system, research questions, framework, etc. Subsequently, the chapter offers a discussion of existing/ongoing research involving Bully, The Deed, and League of Legends, including (a) detailed descriptions of the games, (b) discussions of each relevant class of affordances (i.e., player, researcher, and developer), and (c) practical research examples, including the purpose, method, and strategies to analyze data. Finally, the ways the heuristic and its principles guided each of the research examples are discussed as a means to contextualize broader implications for learning, assessment, research, and design.
The New Conductor of Anti-Oppression: Poetic Justice of Liberatory Education

I was a Black childMoving on the fringes of a white world in the shadows of hope I viewed my surroundings through a spotted lens of filthWhile others viewed me as the filth on their lens I was Blac...
Freedom of speech or freedom to silence?: how color-evasive racism protects the intimidation tactics of American extreme rightwing organizations

Extreme Rightwing Organizations (EROs) routinely use media outlets to harass professors and students. Simultaneously, EROs fund speakers and campus organizations that have a history of intimidating...
Toward an Integrative Model for Teacher Change in Physical Education

Teacher change in physical education has long been called for; however, current theoretical models guiding the change process do not address contextual aspects of the teaching workplace. Occupation...
Safe Tumbling of Heavy Objects Using a Two-Cable Crane

In heavy industries, large, heavy objects must be tumbled to access features on their bottoms and sides for assembly and maintenance. Traditional manual operations using a single-cable crane are high-risk, and difficult for less experienced workers. Automating the tumbling process is made challenging due to the presence of kinematic and static singularities which are shown to occur when a single-cable crane loses control over the block being tumbled. Here, an autonomous method for safely tumbling a heavy block sitting on a surface using a two-cable crane is presented. Two winches controlling a pair of cables on a crane are coordinated in such a way that a) the block cannot slip on the floor, b) the block is not lifted into the air, and c) the block is under quasi-static balanced control at all times. A control algorithm for coordinating the two winches is developed for safely tumbling a block without slipping or becoming airborne as well as for eliminating the effect of singularities. A small-scale prototype is developed and the control algorithm is implemented and evaluated experimentally.
Perioperative Peripheral Nerve Block Safety Education: A Quality Improvement Project

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the quality improvement (QI) project was to improve patient safety by increasing the consistency of monitor application and oxygen administration during the placement of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs), advance the knowledge of perianesthesia staff about PNB safety, and develop a PNB hospital policy. Design QI project using the focus, analyze, develop, and execute model. Methods The project had two parts, an educational component that was deployed in the three hospitals (hospital A, hospital B, hospital C) and an observation component that was conducted in only one of the hospitals (hospital A). Baseline observation of monitor and oxygen application was recorded at hospital A for 3 months. Assessment of perioperative personnel's baseline knowledge regarding PNB safety was attained using a knowledge assessment tool in the three hospitals. Learners in the three hospitals were given a pretest and post-test to measure the change in knowledge level after a PNB safety presentation was given. Monitor and oxygen application during nerve block placements were observed and recorded after the PNB safety presentation at hospital A. Statistical analysis was completed to determine if significant differences in knowledge levels in the three hospitals and monitor and oxygen application at hospital A existed after an educational intervention was delivered to the perioperative teams. Findings Participants' knowledge level increased 13% overall with post-test scores greater than 90% after the educational intervention. Monitor application and administration of oxygen during PNB placement improved from 2% to 100% in a preliminary 3-week postintervention review. Systematic changes were implemented to facilitate adherence to best practice measures. Conclusions PNB safety presentations significantly improved staff's knowledge regarding PNB procedures and potential problems. A multidisciplinary team approach was used to facilitate changes to improve electrocardiogram, blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and oxygen use in this patient population. A proposed PNB policy was accepted as a protocol. Patients are safer with increased monitoring.
The Identification of Gamma-Butyrolactone in JUUL Liquids.

Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL), a commonly used industrial solvent, is used recreationally as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant and, therefore, a United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) List 1 chemical of the Controlled Substances Act. GBL was identified presumptively in the liquid from JUUL Virginia Tobacco flavored pods during routine untargeted screening analysis of e-cigarette products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods for the confirmation and quantitation of GBL were developed for GC-MS and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) in the liquids and the aerosol generated from the liquid. Three flavors of JUUL pods available at the time of analysis were obtained by direct purchase from the manufacturer, purchase from a local vape shop, and via submission from a 3rd party. The only liquid flavor to contain GBL was Virginia Tobacco, with an average of 0.37 mg/mL of GBL, and it was detected in the aerosol. Studies evaluating the pharmacological effects of inhaling GBL do not exist, however a case report of chronic oral GBL ingestion indicates acute lung injury. The identification of GBL in an e-cigarette product purportedly compliant with federal regulation continues to demonstrate public health and public safety concerns.
Differences in the Structure and Function of the Vestibular Efferent System Among Vertebrates

The role of the mammalian vestibular efferent system in everyday life has been a long-standing mystery. In contrast to what has been reported in lower vertebrate classes, the mammalian vestibular efferent system does not appear to relay inputs from other sensory modalities to the vestibular periphery. Furthermore, to date, the available evidence indicates that the mammalian vestibular efferent system does not relay motor-related signals to the vestibular periphery to modulate sensory coding of the voluntary self-motion generated during natural behaviors. Indeed, our recent neurophysiological studies have provided insight into how the peripheral vestibular system transmits head movement-related information to the brain in a context independent manner. The integration of vestibular and extra-vestibular information instead only occurs at next stage of the mammalian vestibular system, at the level of the vestibular nuclei. The question thus arises: what is the physiological role of the vestibular efferent system in mammals? We suggest that the mammalian vestibular efferent system does not play a significant role in short-term modulation of afferent coding, but instead plays a vital role over a longer time course, for example in calibrating and protecting the functional efficacy of vestibular circuits during development and aging in a role analogous the auditory efferent system.
Percentage of Gleason pattern 4 and tumor volume predict adverse pathological stage and margin status at radical prostatectomy in grade Group 2 and grade Group 3 prostate cancers.

BACKGROUND Increasing percentages of Gleason pattern 4 (GP4%) in radical prostatectomy (RP) correlate with an increased likelihood of nonorgan-confined disease and earlier biochemical recurrence (BCR). However, there are no detailed RP studies assessing the impact of GP4% and corresponding tumor volume (TV) on extraprostatic extension (EPE), seminal vesicle (SV) invasion (SV+), and positive surgical margin (SM) status (SM+). METHODS In 1301 consecutive RPs, we analyzed each tumor nodule (TN) for TV, Grade Group (GG), presence of focal versus nonfocal EPE, SV+ , and SM+. Using GG1 (GP4% = 0) TNs as a reference, we recorded GP4% for all GG2 or GG3 TNs. We performed a multivariable analysis (MVA) using a mixed effects logistic regression that tested significant variables for risk of EPE, SV+, and SM+, as well as a multinomial logistic regression model that tested significant variables for risks of nonorgan-confined disease (pT2+, pT3a, and pT3b) versus organ-confined disease (pT2). RESULTS We identified 3231 discrete TNs ranging from 1 to 7 (median: 2.5) per RP. These included GG1 (n = 2115), GG2 (n = 818), GG3 (n = 274), and GG4 (n = 24) TNs. Increasing GP4% weakly paralleled increasing TV (tau = 0.07, p < .001). In MVA, increasing GP4% and TV predicted a greater likelihood of EPE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03 and 4.41), SV+ (OR: 1.03 and 3.83), and SM+ (1.01, p = .01 and 2.83), all p < .001. Our multinomial logistic regression model demonstrated an association between GP4% and the risk of EPE (i.e., pT3a and pT3b disease), as well as an association between TV and risk of upstaging (all p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Both GP4% and TV are independent predictors of adverse pathological stage and margin status at RP. However, the risks for adverse outcomes associated with GP4% are marginal, while those for TV are strong. The prognostic significance of GP4% on BCR-free survival has not been studied controlling for TV and other adverse RP findings. Whether adverse pathological stage and margin status associated with larger TV could decrease BCR-free survival to a greater extent than increasing RP GP4% remains to be studied.
Retrospective study of deep learning to reduce noise in non-contrast head CT images

Abstract Purpose Presented herein is a novel CT denoising method uses a skip residual encoder-decoder framework with group convolutions and a novel loss function to improve the subjective and objective image quality for improved disease detection in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Materials and methods In this retrospective study, confirmed AIS patients with full-dose NCCT head scans were randomly selected from a stroke registry between 2016 and 2020. 325 patients (67 ± 15 years, 176 men) were included. 18 patients each with 4–7 NCCTs performed within 5-day timeframe (83 total scans) were used for model training; 307 patients each with 1–4 NCCTs performed within 5-day timeframe (380 total scans) were used for hold-out testing. In the training group, a mean CT was created from the patient’s co-registered scans for each input CT to train a rotation-reflection equivariant U-Net with skip and residual connections, as well as a group convolutional neural network (SRED-GCNN) using a custom loss function to remove image noise. Denoising performance was compared to the standard Block-matching and 3D filtering (BM3D) method and RED-CNN quantitatively and visually. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNR) were measured in manually drawn regions-of-interest in grey matter (GM), white matter (WM) and deep grey matter (DG). Visual comparison and impact on spatial resolution were assessed through phantom images. Results SRED-GCNN reduced the original CT image noise significantly better than BM3D, with SNR improvements in GM, WM, and DG by 2.47x, 2.83x, and 2.64x respectively and CNR improvements in DG/WM and GM/WM by 2.30x and 2.16x respectively. Compared to the proposed SRED-GCNN, RED-CNN reduces noise effectively though the results are visibly blurred. Scans denoised by the SRED-GCNN are shown to be visually clearer with preserved anatomy. Conclusion The proposed SRED-GCNN model significantly reduces image noise and improves signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios in 380 unseen head NCCT cases.
Modulation of the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels by fatty acid and cannabinoids.

The Cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channel (LGIC) family comprises a group of membrane ion channel receptors that play a crucial role in fast synaptic neurotransmission in the central and peripheral nervous system. The members of this superfamily include γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA), neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh), 5‐HT3, and glycine receptors. These receptors serve as therapeutic sites for general anesthetic, antipsychoactive, antinociceptive, and anxiolytic drugs in the brain. These receptors are also thought to be primary targets of alcohol and other drugs of abuses. A number of studies reported that fatty acids affected the function of GABAA receptors in the early nineties. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the derivatives of arachidonic acid (AA), such as anandamide (N‐arachidonoylethanolamine, AEA) and arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG), can critically regulate the other members of the Cys‐loop LGIC superfamily through a cannabinoid receptor‐independent mechanism. This chapter focuses on the results of recent studies showing that the Cys‐loop LGICs could be additional molecular targets for fatty acid and endocannabinoid action in the central and peripheral nervous system. Some of these targets may mediate behavioral effects for cannabinoids to alter neuronal function.
A survey of respiratory disease among New York City postal and transit workers: III. Anthropometric, smoking, occupational, and ethnic variables affecting the FEV1 among white males

Abstract Noninhaling of tobacco smoke, and, by implication, use of filter cigarettes, do not appear to reduce the rate of decline of the FEV 1 with age among smokers. The cumulative benefit of not smoking in late adolescence and early adult life appears to be permanently retained despite later smoking. Workers born in Puerto Rico show distinctly lower values for the FEV 1 than other foreign or native-born workers. A possible effect of occupational exposure to air pollution among nonsmoking bus drivers was found. A number of smoking variables beyond current type and amount were shown to contribute to the prediction of the FEV 1 . It is suggested that these, and also sitting height and weight, should be accounted for in analyses of air pollution or other environmental effects on pulmonary function. The use of age and standing height in predicting the FEV 1 for mass screening purposes was shown to be only 90% as sensitive as the use of age, standing height, sitting height, and weight.
Solution of the basic problems of electrodynamics in the group-space formulation

The question is pursued of whether there exists acomplete alternate formulation of classical electrodynamics in terms of asingle scalar function, which may then lead to a new formulation of quantum electrodynamics. Using harmonic analysis and spin-weighted spherical harmonics we study such a theory and solve it for three deliberately simple but characteristic problems: point charges, current loops and antennae. The connection between the field strength and potential formulations is established, as is the relation of this theory to the conventional one using vector spherical harmonics.
Tyrosine kinase signalling in breast cancer: Epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Src interactions in breast cancer

Both the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Src, and members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family are overexpressed in high percentages of human breast cancers. Because these molecules are plasma membrane-associated and involved in mitogenesis, it has been speculated that they function in concert with one another to promote breast cancer development and progression. Evidence to date supports a model wherein c-Src potentiates the survival, proliferation and tumorigenesis of EGF receptor family members, in part by associating with them. Phosphorylation of the EGF receptor by c-SRC is also critical for mitogenic signaling initiated by the EGF receptor itself, as well as by several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), a cytokine receptor, and the estrogen receptor. Thus, c-Src appears to have pleiotropic effects on cancer cells by modulating the action of multiple growth-promoting receptors.