cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Caregiver Evaluation of the ACTIVE Intervention “It was Like We Were Sitting at the Table With Everyone”

Central to the hospice philosophy is the belief that the patient/family owns the plan of care. However, barriers prevent the majority of hospice patients/families from participating in the meetings where plans are created and revised. This study evaluates the participant experience of the ACTIVE (assessing caregivers for team intervention via video encounters) intervention, designed to use web conferencing technology to overcome the barriers of participation in development and review of individual care plans. Interviews were done with hospice caregivers following the death of their loved one. Caregivers involved in the intervention reported positive relationships with the hospice staff, felt involved in decision making, and got answers to their questions. Furthermore they reported staff was responsive to their needs and that participation increased their confidence, trust in the team, and provided a feeling of not being alone if they needed help. Challenges included issues with the technology, a feeling of being rushed and a frustration when they did not feel included or involved. Suggestions for improving the intervention included a more frequent meeting time, a need for to train hospice staff how to conduct web-based interactions, and suggestions for additional information for caregivers.
Effects of pravastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on vitamin D synthesis in man

The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, a new class of lipid-lowering agents being used with increasing frequency, inhibit synthesis of cholesterol in vivo. Thus, one potential side effect of these drugs is alteration of other metabolic pathways requiring intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. We hypothesized that pravastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, may impair vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin and alter mineral homeostasis by diminishing the availability of vitamin D precursors. Basal serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured, and dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D were calculated in a control hypercholesterolemic group and an experimental group treated with pravastatin 10, 20, and/or 40 mg orally twice daily for at least 3 months. Basal parameters of mineral metabolism were similar in the two groups. To assess the capacity of the skin to synthesize vitamin D3 and as an indirect measure of its precursors, all subjects received whole body ultraviolet irradiation (UVI) in a phototherapy chamber for varying time intervals. Subjects in both groups showed significant (P less than .001) dose-dependent increases in vitamin D3 production after equivalent UVI exposures. However, for equivalent UVI exposure, the serum vitamin D3 response was identical in controls versus pravastatin-treated subjects. We conclude that hypercholesterolemic patients have normal mineral metabolism and the use of pravastatin at these doses for up to 3 months does not alter vitamin D3 synthesis in the skin.
A derivation of the particle size weighting factor in the measurement of rate coefficients

Abstract An analysis of the weighted concentration curve shows that the proper weighting for disperse populations of particle sizes varies according to the method of analysis used in data regression. A general form for the weighting factor is derived for the integral method. Several forms of the weighting factor for diffusion with a surface resistance are shown and the effect of particle size variations is demonstrated for a sample of Sepharose 6B (Pharmacia).
The Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS): Dimensions and Its Relationship to Anxiety and Feminine Gender Role Stress

The purpose of this study was to conduct a confirmatory factor analytic investigation of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) and to assess whether feminine gender role stress mediated the relationship between femininity ideology and anxiety. During the 2010-2011 academic year, a convenience sample of 606 college women were recruited from three universities and one college. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four- versus the hypothesized five-factor model, resulting in the elimination of the Dependency/Deference factor. Mediation analysis using structural equation modeling indicated no direct relationship between Femininity Ideology and Anxiety, although an indirect one was observed, mediated through Feminine Gender Role Stress. The results are discussed in terms of possible changes in contemporary notions of femininity, and the utility of using the FIS in applied therapeutic settings.
Effects of Bioengineered Streambank Stabilization on Bank Habitat and Macroinvertebrates in Urban Streams

Non-structural streambank stabilization, or bioengineering, is a common stream restoration practice used to slow streambank erosion, but its ecological effects have rarely been assessed. We surveyed bank habitat and sampled bank macroinvertebrates at four bioengineered sites, an unrestored site, and a comparatively less-impacted reference site in the urban Peachtree-Nancy Creek catchment in Atlanta, GA, USA. The amount of organic bank habitat (wood and roots) was much higher at the reference site and three of the bioengineered sites than at the unrestored site or the other bioengineered site, where a very different bioengineering technique was used (“joint planting”). At all sites, we saw a high abundance of pollution-tolerant taxa, especially chironomids and oligochaetes, and a low richness and diversity of the bank macroinvertebrate community. Total biomass, insect biomass, and non-chironomid insect biomass were highest at the reference site and two of the bioengineered sites (p < 0.05). Higher biomass and abundance were found on organic habitats (wood and roots) versus inorganic habitats (mud, sand, and rock) across all sites. Percent organic bank habitat at each site proved to be strongly positively correlated with many factors, including taxon richness, total biomass, and shredder biomass. These results suggest that bioengineered bank stabilization can have positive effects on bank habitat and macroinvertebrate communities in urban streams, but it cannot completely mitigate the impacts of urbanization.
General variational principle for spherically symmetric perturbations in diffeomorphism covariant theories

We present a general method for the analysis of the stability of static, spherically symmetric solutions to spherically symmetric perturbations in an arbitrary diffeomorphism covariant Lagrangian field theory. Our method involves fixing the gauge and solving the linearized gravitational field equations to eliminate the metric perturbation variables in terms of the matter variables. In a wide class of cases---which include $f(R)$ gravity, the Einstein-\ae{}ther theory of Jacobson and Mattingly, and Bekenstein's TeVeS theory---the remaining perturbation equations for the matter fields are second order in time. We show how the symplectic current arising from the original Lagrangian gives rise to a symmetric bilinear form on the variables of the reduced theory. If this bilinear form is positive definite, it provides an inner product that puts the equations of motion of the reduced theory into a self-adjoint form. A variational principle can then be written down immediately, from which stability can be tested readily. We illustrate our method in the case of Einstein's equation with perfect fluid matter, thereby rederiving, in a systematic manner, Chandrasekhar's variational principle for radial oscillations of spherically symmetric stars. In a subsequent paper, we will apply our analysis to $f(R)$ gravity, the Einstein-\ae{}ther theory, and Bekenstein's TeVeS theory.
Alkane eliminations from radical cations through ion-radical complexes

Abstract It is concluded from published isotope effects and energetic measurements that the losses of alkanes from a variety of radical cations take place in the gas phase through intermediate ion-radical complexes formed by simple bond cleavages.
Preparation of poly(vinyl chloride) at low temperature by a photochemical method

A convenient method has been developed for the polymerization of vinyl chloride at low temperatures (to at least −75°C) by using a tungsten–iodine rather than an ultraviolet lamp, and uranyl nitrate as sensitizer. The use of predominantly visible light minimizes degradation reactions sometimes encountered with ultraviolet light. Measurements of the fraction of racemic (or syndiotactic) diads and per cent crystallinity confirm that the products resemble polymers prepared by other techniques, such as polymerization initiated by a boron alkyl. It is concluded, therefore, that the method can provide a useful alternate to the more common, organometallic system. Measurements of torsional modulus as a function of temperature were also made. As the temperature of polymerization is lowered, the fraction of racemic diads and the per cent crystallinity are increased. The higher the per cent crystallinity, the higher the glass temperature, the broader the glass transition, and the higher the modulus in the rubbery state. Thus, the increased stereoregularity permits the development of a higher level of crystallinity which, in turn, restricts the mobility of the polymer chains.
Thalamocortical synapses with corticothalamic projection neurons in mouse SmI cortex: Electron microscopic demonstration of a monosynaptic feedback loop

Abstract Synapses between degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals and corticothalamic projection neurons labeled by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase have been identified in mouse SmI cortex. This monosynaptic thalamocortical-corticothalamic feedback loop is suggested to be involved in reinforcing differences in the levels of excitation between parallel components of thalamocortical projections.
Politics: the art of the possible

Purpose – This paper seeks to argue that when managing strategically it is important for leaders to view situations from multiple perspectives, one of which is the political point‐of‐view.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses and gives examples to illustrate how one can consider situations from the political vantage point.Findings – It is helpful for library directors to consider situations from the political perspective.Practical implications – This provides one point of view that should be considered when a leader contemplates what actions to take.Originality/value – This paper will help librarians better manage their libraries by considering the political perspective when assessing situations.
Regional Development and Land Use Change in the Rocky Mountain West, 1982-1997

Economic and demographic restructuring, along with the increasing desirability of environmental amenities, have driven growth in the eight-state region of the Rocky Mountain West to extraordinary levels in recent decades. While social scientists have developed a solid conceptual understanding of the processes driving growth and change in the region, the broad nature of the land use outcomes associated with in-migration has not received nearly as much scholarly attention. This article initiates an in-depth empirical investigation on the magnitude, nature, and spatial variation of land use change in the Rocky Mountain West over the 1982-1997 time period. Data from the USDA's National Resources Inventory reveals that the conversion of landscapes from rural to urban types of land uses varies significantly from place to place, not only in terms of total land developed, but also with respect to how population pressures and a number of other local characteristics of counties manifest themselves in the spatial pattern of growth.
Some important factors underlying ethical decisions of Middle‐Eastern marketers

This study analyzes the marketing ethics decision‐making process of Middle‐Eastern marketers. In particular, it examines the relative influences of ethical perceptions, perceived importance of ethics, and age on ethical intentions of marketers in the Middle East. A self‐administered questionnaire was used as the data collection technique for this study. Perception of ethical problem and ethical intention were operationalized by means of two marketing ethics scenarios. Age of respondents was measured directly and perceived importance of ethics was measured by a scale that has been used a number of times in the literature. Convenience samples of marketers from three Middle‐Eastern countries, Egypt, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, were used in this study. The survey results generally indicate that a perceived ethical problem is a positive factor of a Middle‐Eastern marketer's ethical intention, as hypothesized. The results also support the hypothesis regarding the influence of perceived importance of ethics, that Middle‐Eastern marketers who perceive ethics to be important are more likely to have an ethical intention than Middle‐Eastern marketers who do not perceive ethics to be important. The research hypothesis regarding the influence of age, however, is not supported. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Ultrasensitivity of the Bacillus subtilis sporulation decision

Starving Bacillus subtilis cells execute a gene expression program resulting in the formation of stress-resistant spores. Sporulation master regulator, Spo0A, is activated by a phosphorelay and controls the expression of a multitude of genes, including the forespore-specific sigma factor σ(F) and the mother cell-specific sigma factor σ(E). Identification of the system-level mechanism of the sporulation decision is hindered by a lack of direct control over Spo0A activity. This limitation can be overcome by using a synthetic system in which Spo0A activation is controlled by inducing expression of phosphorelay kinase KinA. This induction results in a switch-like increase in the number of sporulating cells at a threshold of KinA. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and single-cell microscopy, we investigate the origin and physiological significance of this ultrasensitive threshold. The results indicate that the phosphorelay is unable to achieve a sufficiently fast and ultrasensitive response via its positive feedback architecture, suggesting that the sporulation decision is made downstream. In contrast, activation of σ(F) in the forespore and of σ(E) in the mother cell compartments occurs via a cascade of coherent feed-forward loops, and thereby can produce fast and ultrasensitive responses as a result of KinA induction. Unlike σ(F) activation, σ(E) activation in the mother cell compartment only occurs above the KinA threshold, resulting in completion of sporulation. Thus, ultrasensitive σ(E) activation explains the KinA threshold for sporulation induction. We therefore infer that under uncertain conditions, cells initiate sporulation but postpone making the sporulation decision to average stochastic fluctuations and to achieve a robust population response.
Cloud computing in New York State education: Case study of failed technology adoption of a statewide longitudinal database for student data

Educational institutions are turning to private cloud computing solutions to lower costs, efficiently deliver educational content and analyze student data, ranging from grades and school activities to behavior, health status, and basic demographic variables. This case study of New York State Education Department's failed adoption of cloud computing for its student data and administrative needs demonstrates the potential benefits of creating detailed longitudinal student databases and large datasets. However, it also highlights several serious concerns about privacy, trust, and security in relation to student personally identifiable information (PII). Opposition from parents and educational and privacy advocacy groups–primarily due to fears of commercialization and ubiquitous, non-transparent, and unregulated sharing of student data–led to the closure of a private, cloud-based longitudinal database built by inBloom; and to new New York state legislation regulating student data. This case study analyzes edu...
Agricultural development, migrant labor and the resurgence of malaria in Swaziland

Abstract Much of the research on the recent resurgence of malaria in Third World areas has focused on the problem of vector resistance arising out of the widespread use of pesticides in conjunction with the development of large-scale agricultural projects. Evidence from southern Africa, and particularly from Swaziland, where a resurgence of malaria has occurred in the absence of pesticide-resistent strains of Anopheles mosquitoes, suggests that changes in agroecosystems, labor utilization and settlement patterns, which are also associated with large-scale agricultural development, may play an equally important role in the resurgence of malaria. Renewed efforts to control malaria must, therefore, take account of the social and economic, as well as the biological determinants of this disease.
The Social Aspirations and Priestly Pretense of Chaucer’s Reeve

In this article, I examine Chaucer’s description of the Reeve in the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, considering both his arrogant, sermonizing behavior and his clothing in light of fourteenth-century conventions of dress. I argue that the Reeve self-consciously associated himself with the clergy in order to appear as if he had higher social status and possessed more education than he actually did. As has often been noticed, the Miller—unabashedly representative of the lower class—recognized the Reeve’s pretensions and mocked him unmercifully. My conclusions shed further light on the nature of their strained relationship.
Molecular cloning and characterization of interferon alpha/beta response element binding factors of the murine (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase ME-12 gene.

Abstract Seven clones encoding interferon response element binding factors have been isolated from a mouse fibroblast lambda gt11 cDNA library by using a 32P end-labeled tandem trimer of the mouse (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase gene interferon response element as a probe. Clone 16 shares strong similarity (95%) at both DNA and amino acid level with YB-1, a human major histocompatibility complex class II Y-box DNA-binding protein, and with dbpB, a human epidermal growth factor receptor gene enhancer region binding protein. The product of the gene represented by clone 16 may represent a factor that regulates multiple genes by binding to a variety of 5' regulatory elements. Clone 25 is a 2407-base-pair-long cDNA and contains a putative 311-amino acid open reading frame corresponding to an estimated mass of 35.5 kDa. This putative protein, designated as interferon response element binding factor 1 (IREBF-1), contains an acidic domain, three heptad repeat leucine arrays, and a region that shares similarity with the yeast transcriptional factor GAL4 DNA-binding domain. Furthermore, the C terminus of IREBF-1 shows an unusual amphipathic property: within a 79-amino acid range, one side of the alpha-helical region contains a preponderance of hydrophobic amino acids and the other side contains hydrophilic amino acids. This type of structure provides a strong hydrophobic force for protein-protein interaction.
Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices to Improve Pain Management of Neonates

OBJECTIVE Despite increased knowledge, improved options, and regulatory man-dates, pain management of neonates remains inadequate, promoted by the ineffective translation of research data into clinical practice. The Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 was created to provide participating NICUs the tools necessary to translate research, related to prevention and treat-ment of neonatal pain, into practice. The objective for this study was to use proven quality improvement methods to develop a process to improve neonatal pain management collaboratively. METHODS Twelve members of the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 formed an exploratory group to improve neonatal pain management. The exploratory group established group and site-specific goals and outcome measures for this project. Group members crafted a list of potentially better practices on the basis of the available literature, encouraged implementation of the potentially better practices at individual sites, developed a database for sharing information, and measured baseline outcomes. RESULTS The goal “improve the assessment and management of infants experiencing pain in the NICU” was established. In addition, each site within the group identified local goals for improvement in neonatal pain management. Data from 7 categories of neonates (N = 277) were collected within 48 hours of NICU admission to establish baseline data for clinical practices. Ten potentially better practices were developed for prioritized pain conditions, and 61 potentially better practices were newly implemented at the 12 participating sites. Various methods were used for pain assessment at the participating centers. At baseline, heel sticks were used more frequently than peripheral intravenous insertions or venipunctures, with substantial variability in the number of avoidable procedures between centers. Pain was assessed in only 17% of procedures, and analgesic interventions were performed in 19% of the procedures at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Collaborative use of quality improvement methods resulted in the creation of self-directed, efficient, and effective processes to improve neonatal pain management. Group establishment of potentially better practices, collective and site-specific goals, and extensive baseline data resulted in accelerated implementation of clinical practices that would not likely occur outside a collaborative setting.
Are math readiness and personality predictive of first-year retention in engineering?

ABSTRACT On the basis of J. G. Borkowski, L. K. Chan, and N. Muthukrishna's model of academic success (2000), the present authors hypothesized that freshman retention in an engineering program would be related to not only basic aptitude but also affective factors. Participants were 129 college freshmen with engineering as their stated major. Aptitude was measured by SAT verbal and math scores, high school grade-point average (GPA), and an assessment of calculus readiness. Affective factors were assessed by the NEO–Five Factor Inventory (FFI; P. I. Costa & R. R. McCrae, 2007), and the Nowicki–Duke Locus of Control (LOC) scale (S. Nowicki & M. Duke, 1974). A binary logistic regression analysis found that calculus readiness and high school GPA were predictive of retention. Scores on the Neuroticism and Openness subscales from the NEO-FFI and LOC were correlated with retention status, but Openness was the only affective factor with a significant unique effect in the binary logistic regression. Results of the ...
Effect of phosphorylation in the motor domain of human myosin IIIA on its ATP hydrolysis cycle.

Previous findings suggested that the motor activity of human myosin IIIA (HM3A) is influenced by phosphorylation [Kambara, T., et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 37291-37301]; however, how phosphorylation controls the motor activity of HM3A is obscure. In this study, we clarify the kinetic basis of the effect of phosphorylation on the ATP hydrolysis cycle of the motor domain of HM3A (huM3AMD). The affinity of human myosin IIIA for filamentous actin in the presence of ATP is more than 100-fold decreased by phosphorylation, while the maximum rate of ATP turnover is virtually unchanged. The rate of release of ADP from acto-phosphorylated huM3AMD is 6-fold greater than the overall cycle rate, and thus not a rate-determining step. The rate constant of the ATP hydrolysis step of the actin-dissociated form is markedly increased by phosphorylation by 30-fold. The dissociation constant for dissociation of the ATP-bound form of huM3AMD from actin is greatly increased by phosphorylation, and this result agrees well with the significant increase in the K actin value of the steady-state ATPase reaction. The rate constant of the P i off step is greater than 60 s -1 , suggesting that this step does not limit the overall ATP hydrolysis cycle rate. Our kinetic model indicates that phosphorylation induces the dissociation of huM3AMD from actin during the ATP hydrolysis cycle, and this is due to the phosphorylation-dependent marked decrease in the affinity of huM3AMD · ATP for actin and the increase in the ATP hydrolysis rate of huM3AMD in the actin-dissociated state. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of myosin IIIA significantly lowers the duty ratio, which may influence the cargo transporting ability of the native form of myosin IIIA that contains the ATP-independent actin binding site in the tail.
Aberrant cerebellar connectivity in motor and association networks in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a devastating illness characterized by disturbances in multiple domains. The cerebellum is involved in both motor and non-motor functions, and the “cognitive dysmetria” and “dysmetria of thought” models propose that abnormalities of the cerebellum may contribute to schizophrenia signs and symptoms. The cerebellum and cerebral cortex are reciprocally connected via a modular, closed-loop network architecture, but few schizophrenia neuroimaging studies have taken into account the topographical and functional heterogeneity of the cerebellum. In this study, using a previously defined 17-network cerebral cortical parcellation system as the basis for our functional connectivity seeds, we systematically investigated connectivity abnormalities within the cerebellum of 44 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy control participants. We found selective alterations in cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity. Specifically, schizophrenia patients showed decreased cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity in higher level association networks (ventral attention, salience, control, and default mode networks) relative to healthy control participants. Schizophrenia patients also showed increased cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in somatomotor and default mode networks, with the latter showing no overlap with the regions found to be hypoconnected within the same default mode network. Finally, we found evidence to suggest that somatomotor and default mode networks may be inappropriately linked in schizophrenia. The relationship of these dysconnectivities to schizophrenia symptoms, such as neurological soft signs and altered sense of agency, is discussed. We conclude that the cerebellum ought to be considered for analysis in all future studies of network abnormalities in SZ, and further suggest the cerebellum as a potential target for further elucidation, and possibly treatment, of the underlying mechanisms and network abnormalities producing symptoms of schizophrenia.
Measurements of the vacancy formation enthalpy in aluminum using positron annihilation spectroscopy

The temperature dependence of positron annihilation in aluminum has been investigated over the range 20-435\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C by simultaneous measurements of positron lifetime and Doppler broadening of the annihilation spectrum. The analyses of lifetime data are critically examined, especially with respect to the effects of instrumental resolution-function uncertainties. The lifetime and Doppler-broadening data have been analyzed in terms of the two-state trapping model. Application of this model to the measurement of the vacancy-formation enthalpy ${E}_{\mathrm{v}}^{F}$ in aluminum is discussed in light of the observation of a strong temperature dependence of the apparent positron lifetime in the bulk or lattice state above 370\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The monovacancy formation enthalpy in aluminum, ${E}_{1\mathrm{v}}^{F}=0.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ eV, was determined for temperatures below 372\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. This is compared with values previously reported.
Pressure shift of Cr 3 + -ion-pair emission lines in ruby

The shifts of the ${N}_{1}$ (3A2), ${N}_{2}$ (4A1), {4C2,4D2,4E2}, and 4F1 near-neighbor ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$-pair emission lines in ruby [see P. Kisliuk et al., Phys. Rev. 184, 367 (1969), for notation] have been measured under hydrostatic pressure up to 11 GPa. With increasing pressure, all near-neighbor pair lines shift to lower energy at rates between -7.4 and -10.3 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$/GPa. These shifts are larger than, or approximately equal to, that of the isolated-${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$-ion R lines (-7.53 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$/GPa), and therefore near-neighbor pair lines are not expected to overlap the R lines used in the calibration of hydrostatic high-pressure experiments. Our results demonstrate that hydrostatic pressure shifts of the near-neighbor pair lines are not accurately modeled by an elastic-constant analysis of shifts measured under uniaxial stress. We evaluate our data in terms of Munro's scaling-theory model, and find our results to correspond to a pressure shift of the orbital exchange parameter of dJ/dP=3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$/GPa.
The Stalinist Subject and Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita

The article argues that Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita critiques the dominant Soviet ideology of the 1930s from a position that is at the same time informed by a Stalinist subjectivity. Recent work on Soviet subjectivity suggests that the Stalinist subject was produced from a hybrid of messianic spirituality and liberal self-fashioning. Bulgakov's novel provisionally separates these two worldviews into the two worlds of his novel–Moscow and Jerusalem. The article demonstrates that the narrative structures of the novel's two plots create two different subject positions. In Moscow, the narrative presupposes the existence of an omnitemporal omniscience, and characters are treated as corporal beings, to be “unmasked” and punished for their sins as in the End of Days. In Jerusalem, the narrative adheres to the conventions of historical realism, and the hero, Pontius Pilate, is developed as a modern, liberal subject. The article concludes that Bulgakov presents these worlds ambivalently–finding fault and hope in both. Rather than read Bulgakov's novel as a liberal critique of Soviet culture, the article hopes to facilitate a recognition of how a fragmented Stalinist subject position can provide the material for a great work of art.
Effect of head injury on hearing and orientation

I NJURIES to the head that produce disturbances of hearing and orientation may be separated into three sections: (I) those which are directed to the ear or its environs, (2) those in which the force is applied to the skuI1 not in&ding the area of the ear and in which, from externa1 appearances, the ear is not invoIved, and (3) those in which one or both ears are injured due to the force and direction of vioIence appIied to the contour of the skuI1. I. Direct injuries to the ear. Force appIied to the outside of the ear producing compression of the air in the externa1 auditory meatus may produce rupture of the drum. When the force is great hemorrhage into the cochlea or semicircuIar canaIs or both may occur. Such injuries may be produced by a blow or from expIosives. UsuaIIy the ear nearest the expIosion is affected but it may affect both ears. CompIete bilateral deafness from intense expIosions occurring in negative pressure chambers has been observed. Such injurious agents as buIIets and other sharp instruments with or without high velocity may penetrate the auditory cana or traverse the mastoid and injure the hearing and orientation either partiaIIy or compIeteIy. 2. Injuries to the skul1 but not directIy into the ear accompanied by concussion of the brain, not necessarily associated with unconsciousness, may affect the hearing and orientation through injury to the pathways coming from the ears and traversing the midbrain and Ieading to the cerebeIIum and cerebrum. It has been stated that 90 per cent of cases of concussion compIain of vertigo or giddiness and demonstrabIe abnormalities in response to Iabyrinthine stimulation can be elicited in most of them. In many instances the hearing is aIso impaired. 3. Direct invoIvement of the auditory and static-kinetic labyrinths besides injury to the nerve pathways and brain tissue particuIarIy at the base occurs from crushing blows to the head with or without fracture of the vauIt or the base. A blow of sufficient force near the ear may damage the hearing organ and injure the brain through commotio cerebri. From such a bIow a fracture through the petrous portion of the tempora1 bone and widesoread iniurv to the intracraniaI contents ii Iikely. I 0
Anomalous penetrant transport in glassy polymers. VIII: Solvent-induced cracking in polystyrene

Abstract Crack formation in divinyl benzene (DVB)-crosslinked polystyrene samples swollen by cyclohexane was followed as a function of time, temperature, degree of crosslinking and initial sample thickness. In the range of crosslinking ratios between 5.2 and 25.8 × 10 −3 mol DVB/mol styrene, highly crosslinked samples crazed at a lower rate. The penetrant front velocity and front position were also determined. From an analysis of the data, it was concluded that relaxation-controlled (anomalous) transport of cyclohexane was responsible for the observed solvent-induced failure of the polystyrene.
IDENTIFYING GLENOID GEOMETRIES THROUGH RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS FOR IMPLANT DESIGN

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty is performed on patients to restore range of motion of the shoulder and decrease pain caused by osteoarthritis at the glenohumeral joint. The glenohumeral joint is a slightly unstable ball and socket joint, where muscles hold the humerus in contact with the glenoid, located on the scapula. Improper sizing or alignment of the implant can cause the surgery to fail to restore mobility to the shoulder or only restore mobility for a limited time. Additionally, placement of the glenoid implant on the scapula is complicated by the limited view available during surgery and the deformation of the glenoid caused by osteoarthritis. Implant designs must take into account the large amount of variability present in both intact and osteoarthritic joints. The purpose of this research is to provide a morphable glenoid representation for the scapula to assist with preoperative planning and implant design. CT scans of healthy and osteoarthritic glenoids were provided by Hershey Medical Center for this study. Principal component analysis and radial basis functions are used to represent a range of potential glenoid geometries, both with and without osteoarthritis. This parametric model can be used to guide the design and sizing of implants. This approach should be extensible to the modeling of other bony surfaces, which can improve both implant design and surgical procedure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A Comparison of Two-Year and Four-Year Adult Students: Motivations to Attend College and the Importance of Choice Criteria

ABSTRACT Adult college students attending two-and four-year institutions were surveyed regarding their motivations for attending college and the relative importance of college choice criteria. Getting better jobs, gaining general knowledge and enhancement of self-esteem were the most frequently mentioned reasons for adult students to attend college. In general, the availability of desired programs of study/majors, days/times that needed classes are available, locations of course offerings, cost, and faculty reputation for high quality teaching are the most important college choice criteria to these students. A number of significant differences in motivations to attend college and choice criteria importance between two-year and four-year adult student segments are identified.
Magnetic Refrigeration in Space—Practical Considerations

Various schemes of using adiabatic demagnetization to provide refrigeration in the 10-1000 mK range are discussed with particular reference to the requirements for use in space. The methods considered are complete demagnetization, isothermal demagnetization, moving magnet demagnetization, and continuous refrigeration. The requirements that are important for use in space are low mass, low power dissipation, high mechanical rigidity, modular design, and ease of use.
Clinical Intuition: A Qualitative Study of Its Use and Experience Among Marriage and Family Therapists

Clinical intuition has been a topic of interest in the mental health literature for years. However, while literature on intuition from various other helping professions exists, little has been researched or written about marriage and family therapists’ (MFTs’) experiences and views. In this qualitative phenomenological study we explored how MFTs view and experience intuition in clinical work. Eight MFTs were interviewed and answered questions regarding their views and use of intuition in therapy. We present findings through participants’ descriptions of intuition, its function in clinical work, and how it is experienced. We found that these MFTs value and use intuition in therapy, and that it may be a unique source of relationally based information and guidance. Implications for clinical practice and training are discussed, along with directions for future research.
What are S, A, and O?

The letters S, A, and O have been used heuristically for distinguishing ergative-absolutive languages from nominative-accusative languages. This schema, however, has serious disadvantages for the understanding of individual grammars and even more for broad typological work, because it obscures the incommensurable ways in which participants may be related to events or states. Three of these ways are described here and their incommensurability demonstrated. One is the starting point function, reflected in grammatical subjects; another consists of the semantic roles that are reflected in grammaticized agent-patient marking; the third is immediacy of involvement, reflected in absolutive marking. These relations may be cognitively available to speakers of all languages, and are often grammaticized in different parts of the grammar of a single language. Now that more is known about ways in which languages vary, it is time to sharpen our tools so that we may move on to understanding the forces that shape the grammatical structures we find.
Expression of sodium channel Nav1.6 in cholinergic myenteric neurons of guinea pig proximal colon.

We wished to establish the functional identity of Nav1.6-expressing myenteric neurons of the guinea pig proximal colon by determining the extent of colocalization of Nav1.6 and selected neurochemical markers. Nav1.6-like immunoreactivity (-li) was primarily localized to the hillock and initial segments of myenteric neurons located near junctions with internodal fiber tracts. Immunoreactivity for Nav1.6 was co-localized with choline-acetyltransferase-li, representing 96% of Nav1.6-immunoreactive neurons; about 5% of these neurons showed co-localization with calretinin-li, but none with substance-P-li. Cholinergic neurons expressing Nav1.6 were amongst the smallest (somal area <300 μm2) of all cholinergic myenteric neurons observed. Only three of 234 Nav1.6-immunoreactive neurons exhibited nNOS-li, and none co-localized with calbindin-li. These data suggest that Nav1.6 is expressed in a small uniform population of cholinergic myenteric neurons that lie within the guinea pig proximal colon and that are likely to function as excitatory motor neurons.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of an Unknown Primary Site With Cardiac Involvement: Case Report

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas frequently metastasize to cervical lymph nodes. Distant metastasis by hematogenous dissemination pathways is less common. Cardiac involvement is a particularly rare occurrence. The first case of cardiac metastasis was reported in the early 18th century as a postmortem discovery. Since then, there have been sporadic reports of oropharyngeal cancer with cardiac metastasis. This report describes a case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of an unknown primary site involving the lungs, heart, and soft tissue of the bilateral paraspinal regions and lower extremity.
The Feasibility Studies for Radical-Induced Decomposition and Demetalation of Metalloporphyrins by Ultrasonication

A feasibility study of the decomposition and demetalation of metalloporphyrins by ultrasonic irradiation process in the presence of radical-induced reactions is presented in this paper. Two representative model compounds, NiTPP and VOTPP, were investigated in this ultrasonic process on the laboratory scale. The extent of the decomposition was determined by UV−vis, while the metal analysis was measured by ICP/MS. In the initial investigation, the decomposition of metalloporphyrins, which were dissolved in different solvent−water mixtures, was performed under the ultrasonication process. Among these solvents, the chlorinated-type solvents (e.g., chloroform and dichloromethane) achieved a higher efficiency because they generated more oxidizing species under sonication at 20 kHz frequency. Other additives such as surfactant and hydrogen peroxide, which affect the decomposition efficiency, were also investigated. Under optimal condition, the decomposition efficiency reached about 90% in 1 h for both model comp...
Diurnal pattern of pulsatile luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): influence of the timing of daily meal intake

Adult male rhesus monkeys have a diurnal pattern of reproductive hormone secretion that is characterized by significantly elevated LH and testosterone secretion in the evening hours and a nadir in secretion of these hormones in the morning. To test the hypothesis that the daily pattern of food intake may play a role in regulating the diurnal pattern of reproductive hormone secretion we performed three studies. First, to determine the relationship between the timing of the diurnal rise in LH secretion and meal consumption, blood samples were collected from 13 adult male rhesus monkeys via chronically indwelling venous catheters (samples every 15-20 min from 0800-0800 h) while monkeys were maintained on the standard feeding regimen in our colony (one meal of Purina monkey chow fed between 1100 and 1200 h). On a day of normal feeding there was a significant diurnal rhythm in mean LH concentrations with elevated levels at night (nadir: 13.41 +/- 0.82 ng/ml from 0800-1100 h; peak: 21.34 +/- 1.56 ng/ml from 2000-2300 h, P < or = 0.05). The rising phase of the diurnal rhythm in LH secretion was apparent starting in the early afternoon, shortly after the daily meal, at 1400 h (5 h before lights went off at 1900 h), and the diurnal rise in LH secretion was no longer apparent by 0500 h (several hours before the lights went on at 0700 h). Second, we examined the influence of missing the daily meal on the diurnal pattern of LH and testosterone secretion. Blood samples were collected for a 24-h period on a day of fasting from 9 monkeys. On a day of fasting there was no diurnal rise in plasma LH or testosterone concentrations; plasma concentrations of these hormones remained at the low morning levels throughout the day. Third, we examined the diurnal pattern of LH and testosterone secretion after adapting 5 monkeys (for 6-8 weeks) to a new meal time that was 6 h later in the day than the standard meal time (i.e. at 1700 h). After adaptation to this later feeding time monkeys showed a 6-h delay in the time of the first significant rise in LH secretion (which occurred at 2000 h).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Age and Forgetfulness: Young Perceivers' Impressions of Young and Older Neighbors

Previous person perception research has indicated that people use an age-based double standard when judging targets who experience single instances of memory failure. The two experiments reported here extend the investigation by assessing whether perceivers evidence a similar bias in judging both the memory capability and personal traits of targets who vary in age and degree of forgetfulness. In the first experiment 179 young adults rated how likely they would be to choose a certain type of neighbor, described in a two-page vignette, to perform memory tasks. The neighbor's (i.e., target person's) age and degree of forgetfulness were manipulated. Participants gave higher choice ratings to nonforgetful than to forgetful targets. Also, they gave higher choice ratings to old over young targets. In the second experiment ninety young adults rated the degree to which they considered targets (described in the same vignettes used in the first experiment) to possess specific traits (e.g., responsible) that were both desirable and relevant to performing memory tasks. Nonforgetful targets received higher ratings than forgetful targets and older targets received higher ratings than young targets. The perception that older targets possess such traits to a greater degree than young targets may explain the initial finding that respondents were more likely to choose old over young targets to perform memory tasks.
Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Left Heart Failure With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension–Specific Therapies Lessons From the Right and LEPHT

It has been axiomatic since the early clinical trials with epoprostenol1,2 that drugs having efficacy treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have no clear beneficial effects in treating pulmonary hypertension caused by left-sided heart disease and may actually be deleterious. Although dysfunction of the 3 major endothelium-derived pathways targeted by currently approved PAH therapies—the endothelin, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin pathways—is also present in pulmonary hypertension resulting from left-sided heart disease, their role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculopathy in this setting remains unclear. Article see p 502 Riociguat is a novel molecular entity that acts as a soluble guanylate cyclase activator, thereby directly producing vasodilation and stimulating endogenous nitric oxide–mediated vasodilation. Riociguat is currently undergoing regulatory review for the indications of PAH and inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension on the basis of the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension sGC-Stimulator Trial and Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension sGC-Stimulator Trial, respectively.3,4 In these trials, treatment with riociguat improved 6-minute walking distance (the primary end point) and several secondary end points compared with placebo and appeared to be safe and well tolerated. If approved, riociguat would be the first drug approved for inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and would join the ranks of other oral therapies for PAH. In this issue of Circulation , Bonderman and colleagues5 report the results of the Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Associated With PH Riociguat Trial (LEPHT), in which they evaluated the effects of riociguat in subjects with pulmonary hypertension caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction that persisted despite maximal conventional therapy. They enrolled 202 subjects who …
DeNAno: Selectable deoxyribonucleic acid nanoparticle libraries

DNA nanoparticles of approximately 250 nm were produced by rolling circle replication of circular oligonucleotide templates which results in highly condensed DNA particulates presenting concatemeric sequence repeats. Using templates containing randomized sequences, high diversity libraries of particles were produced. A biopanning method that iteratively screens for binding and uses PCR to recover selected particles was developed. The initial application of this technique was the selection of particles that bound to human dendritic cells (DCs). Following nine rounds of selection the population of particles was enriched for particles that bound DCs, and individual binding clones were isolated and confirmed by flow cytometry and microscopy. This process, which we have termed DeNAno, represents a novel library technology akin to aptamer and phage display, but unique in that the selected moiety is a multivalent nanoparticle whose activity is intrinsic to its sequence. Cell targeted DNA nanoparticles may have applications in cell imaging, cell sorting, and cancer therapy.