cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sources and content of popular online videos about autism spectrum disorders

Background: Our study aimed to determine source of upload and content portrayed in the100 most-viewed videos on autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) on the video sharing public forum, YouTube. ASDs have become highly prevalent in the last decade, arousing a significant response from the media and psycho-educational health professions. Utilization of and reliance on social media for information on health matters has also proliferated. Some suggest that online videos could promote early detection (and intervention) of ASD by prompting caregivers to seek guidance. However, the usefulness of the available videos is unclear. Methods: The 100 most popular YouTube videos were examined for source of upload and information provided. Popularity was determined by number of views, using the filter tool. Results: The videos had more than 121 million views combined. Only one video had been uploaded by a professional (a clinical psychologist). The 99 (non-professional) videos provided minimal data and research into known ASD risk factors. Interestingly, discredited vaccine-associated risks were promoted in 16% (95% CI = 09%-25%) of the 100 videos analyzed. Many videos featured a child with ASD exhibiting some characteristic patterns, such as engaging in a repetitive behavior (73%, 95% CI = 63%-81%); about as many videos referenced various therapies (75%, 95% CI = 65%-83%); and 54% (95% CI = 44%-64%) and 61% (95% CI =51%-71%) of the videos mentioned the economic and emotional toll of ASD on the family,respectively. Additional variables are discussed. Conclusion: The most popular online videos were primarily uploaded by non-professionals and provided limited content regarding ASD. Given the wide reach of social media and its potential for providing valuable information and guidance to the public on matters pertaining to ASD, we wish to underscore the necessity for a professional presence in this medium.
Comprehensive blood conservation program in a new congenital cardiac surgical program allows bloodless surgery for the Jehovah Witness and a reduction for all patients.

Background:Cardiac surgery on Jehovah's Witnesses (JW) can be challenging, given the desire to avoid blood products. Establishment of a blood conservation program involving the pre-, intra- and pos...
Effects of Al2O3 atomic layer deposition on interfacial structure and electron transfer dynamics at Re-bipyridyl complex/TiO2 interfaces

Abstract Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of oxide layers on sensitizer- and/or catalyst-functionalized semiconductor surfaces have been used to improve the stability of dye-sensitized solar cells and photoelectrosynthesis cells. However, how the ALD layer affects the interfacial structure of adsorbed molecules and interfacial electron transfer dynamics is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of ALD of Al2O3 on adsorption structure of Re bipyridyl complex on TiO2 nanocrystalline films and rutile (0 0 1) single crystals by IR absorption and sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Further, the electron transfer dynamics between the Re complex and TiO2 film was also examined by ultrafast infrared transient absorption spectroscopy. Our results show that the electron injection yield decreases with the increase of ALD layer thickness.
P45: Enhanced nitrite reaction rates of MP4OX, a novel ischemic rescue therapy

Background Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been associated with vasoconstriction, attributed primarily to binding of nitric oxide (NO) as a heme ligand. MP4OX, an ischemic rescue therapy, designed with high O2 affinity using poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugation chemistry, has been observed not to cause vasoconstriction and to preserve microvascular blood flow, despite reducing perivascular levels of NO [1] . Recent evidence shows that reduction of nitrite to NO by deoxyhemoglobin has the ability to vasodilate blood vessels [2] . It also has been reported that the oxidative reaction of oxyhemoglobin with nitrite may facilitate the release of NO from heme [3] . We hypothesized that MP4OX may have enhanced reaction rates with nitrite and regeneration of NO, which may contribute to its lack of systemic vasoconstriction. Materials and methods MP4OX was prepared by reacting human stroma-free hemoglobin (SFH) with 2-iminothiolane and maleimide-activated PEG to produce a PEG-hemoglobin conjugate, with approximately 8 PEGs/Hb. Rates of the deoxyHb/nitrite reaction were measured by mixing deoxygenated SFH or MP4OX anaerobically with a 10-fold excess of sodium nitrite in a sealed cuvette in the presence of sodium dithionite. The reaction was monitored spectrophotometrically, and the spectra were deconvoluted using parent spectra for deoxyhemoglobin, iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin (HbNO), and methemoglobin. Rates of the oxyHb/nitrite reaction were measured by mixing oxygenated SFH or MP4 with a 20-fold excess of nitrite. These spectra were deconvoluted using parent spectra for oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and nitrite-bound methemoglobin. Results Time courses for both deoxy-and oxyHb reactions showed autocatalytic properties that deviated from pseudo first-order kinetics. Therefore, the maximum reaction rates were used for comparison purposes. Fully deoxygenated SFH and MP4OX (i.e., MP4DX) reduced nitrite to NO with maximum rates of 0.022 and 0.206 μM/s, respectively, showing a nearly 10-fold higher rate for MP4DX compared to deoxySFH. For the oxyHb/nitrite reaction, SFH and MP4OX showed maximum rates of 0.55 and 0.92 μM/s, respectively, a nearly 2-fold enhancement for MP4OX over SFH. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that deoxygenated MP4OX is more effective at reducing nitrite to NO than unmodified Hb. In addition, oxygenated MP4OX reacts more rapidly with nitrite, which may then accelerate the release of NO from heme sites. Taken together, these enhanced nitrite reaction rates for MP4 may compensate for NO scavenging and explain, at least in part, why MP4OX does not induce vasoconstriction in vivo. The increased reaction rates of MP4OX appear to be due to R-state stabilization due to the PEG conjugation. Further studies are required to understand the extent to which MP4OX’s interactions with nitrite contribute to its ability to improve perfusion and oxygenation of ischemic tissues. Disclosure This work was funded in part by Sangart Inc. and under US Army Contract No. W81XWH1020111 to Sangart.
CacheLight: Defeating the CacheKit Attack

To protect software systems from attacks, ARM introduced a hardware security extension known as TrustZone. TrustZone provides an isolated execution environment, which can be used to deploy various memory integrity and malware detection tools. However, a new type of rootkit, namely CacheKit, can exploit cache incoherency and cache locking mechanisms in TrustZone to hide itself from such inspections. Therefore, it is imperative to design a new approach to ensure the correct use of cache locking and prevent malicious code from being hidden in the cache.In this paper, we present CacheLight, which leverages the TrustZone and Virtualization extensions of the ARM architecture to allow the system to continue to securely provide these hardware facilities to users while preventing attackers from exploiting them. CacheLight restricts the ability to lock the cache to the Secure World of the processor such that the Normal World can still request certain memory to be locked into the cache by the secure operating system (OS) through a Secure Monitor Call (SMC). This grants the secure OS the power to verify and validate the information that will be locked in the requested cache way thereby ensuring that any data that remains in the cache will not be inconsistent with what exists in main memory for inspection. Malicious attempts to hide data can be prevented and recovered for analysis while legitimate requests can still generate valid entries in the cache.
Reproducibility and responsiveness of gait initiation in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have significant impairments in functional mobility, including the ability to initiate gait. Three-dimensional analysis of kinetic and kinematic outcomes has become one of the most powerful tools in evaluating abnormalities in gait initiation for persons with PD. Surprisingly however, the psychometric properties of spatial and temporal measures of gait initiation for persons with PD have not been established using force-platforms. The purposes of this study were to determine the reliability of kinetic and kinematic measures of gait initiation and to identify the minimal detectable change of these measures in persons with PD during On and Off medication conditions. Sixteen participants with idiopathic PD performed a series of 3 repeated trials of gait initiation by starting from a quiet stance position on 2 AMTI OR-6 force platforms, and walking forward across the floor following a signal from the investigators. Testing was performed first in the Off medication condition, after which participants took their medication and waited 60 min before repeating the gait initiation assessments. Relative test-retest reliability was good-to-excellent for most outcome measures (range 0.417–0.960). Bland-Altman analysis revealed no systematic variance in the majority of outcome measures when tested in distinct medication conditions (On vs. Off medication). Most outcome measures required low-to-moderate amounts of change (
Complete Sternal-Sparing Technique Improves Outcomes and Decreases RV Failure Compared to Re-Operative Sternotomy

Purpose Patients with a history of previous sternotomy often pose difficult surgical challenges for subsequent cardiac procedures. We hypothesized that the less invasive complete sternal-sparing approach would demonstrate favorable outcomes compared to full sternotomy (FS) for patients with a history of previous sternotomy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients implanted with a HeartMate 3 (HM3) at our institution from September 2017 through September 2018 (n=63). Patients were included if they had history of prior sternotomy and separated into groups based on LVAD implantation technique: CSS versus re-operative sternotomy. Preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between cohorts. Results Of the 17 (30%) HM3 patients with a history of previous sternotomy, 10 (59%) were implanted via CSS and 7 (41%) by re-operative sternotomy. The CSS cohort tended to be older (65±6 vs 56±11 years, p = 0.055) and more likely to have undergone CABG (80% vs 14%, p = 0.015) while the FS cohort was more likely to have undergone previous aortic valve replacement (71% vs 10%, p = 0.035) (Table). The CSS cohort demonstrated fewer overall complications (30% vs 86%, p = 0.050) including a decreased incidence of severe right ventricular failure (0% vs 57%, p = 0.015). There was a trend towards shorter ICU length of stay (median, [IQR]; 4 [3-6] vs 14 [4.5-32] days, p = 0.218), total hospital length of stay (13 [12-24] vs 32.5 [20.5-61.5] days, p = 0.104) and improved 30-day survival (90% vs 57%, p = 0.250) in the CSS cohort. Conclusion LVAD implantation via CSS approach demonstrates fewer complications and decreased incidence of severe right ventricular failure in patients undergoing re-operative cardiac surgery. The CSS approach is our preferred surgical implantation technique for this patient population.
Big tobacco, the new politics, and the threat to public health.

With several Tory leadership contenders sympathetic to its ideology, the Institute of Economic Affairs is closer to power than it has been for decades. In an exclusive investigation, Jonathan Gornall reveals how the organisation is funded by British American Tobacco and has links with senior conservative ministers. After orchestrating a series of attacks on public health initiatives, the IEA may now hold the key to No 10
Scalable interconnects for reconfigurable spatial architectures

Recent years have seen the increased adoption of Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (CGRAs) as flexible, energy-efficient compute accelerators. Obtaining performance using spatial architectures while supporting diverse applications requires a flexible, high-bandwidth interconnect. Because modern CGRAs support vector units with wide datapaths, designing an interconnect that balances dynamism, communication granularity, and programmability is a challenging task. In this work, we explore the space of spatial architecture interconnect dynamism, granularity, and programmability. We start by characterizing several benchmarks' communication patterns and showing links' imbalanced bandwidth requirements, fanout, and data width. We then describe a compiler stack that maps applications to both static and dynamic networks and performs virtual channel allocation to guarantee deadlock freedom. Finally, using a cycle-accurate simulator and 28 nm ASIC synthesis, we perform a detailed performance, area, and power evaluation across the identified design space for a variety of benchmarks. We show that the best network design depends on both applications and the underlying accelerator architecture. Network performance correlates strongly with bandwidth for streaming accelerators, and scaling raw bandwidth is more area- and energy-efficient with a static network. We show that the application mapping can be optimized to move less data by using a dynamic network as a fallback from a high- bandwidth static network. This static-dynamic hybrid network provides a 1.8x energy-efficiency and 2.8x performance advantage over the purely static and purely dynamic networks, respectively.
National Trends in Robotic Pancreas Surgery.

Robotic pancreatic surgery is expanding throughout centers across the country. We investigated national trends in the use and outcomes for robotic-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy (RPD) and distal pancreatectomy (RDP) for primary pancreatic tumors. The National Cancer Database was queried for RPD and RDP performed during three time periods: 2010–2012, 2013–2014, and 2015–2016. These time periods were compared for patient and center factors as well as surgical outcomes. The use of robotic surgery increased during the study period. Most centers performed a low volume of robotic surgery (RPD, 82% of centers averaged < 1 case/year; RDP, 87% averaged < 1 case/year). From the first to last time period, the proportion of cases performed at academic centers decreased (RPD, 83% to 56%; RDP, 77% to 58%, p < 0.001) while patient characteristics remained largely unchanged. For RPD, improvements in mortality (6.7 to 1.8%, p = 0.013) and lymphadenectomy (18 to 21 nodes, p = 0.035) were observed, with no changes in conversion to open surgery, negative margin resections, or readmissions. For RDP, length of stay decreased (7 to 6 days, p = 0.048), but there were no changes in other outcomes. Compared with academic centers, non-academic centers had equivalent rates of conversion to open surgery, negative margins, and 90-day mortality. On multivariate analysis, there was no difference in survival between academic and non-academic centers. Robotic pancreas surgery is expanding to a greater variety of centers nationwide with preservation of key surgical outcomes. These findings support the continued rigorous training and proliferation of qualified robotic pancreas surgeons going forward.
Intersection of Diet, Health, and Environment: Land Grant Universities' Role in Creating Platforms for Sustainable Food Systems

Food and agriculture professionals strive to feed the growing population diets that maintain human health and minimize environmental impacts. Recently, global organizations such as the World Health Organization and the Food and Agricultural Organization have set goals related to the sustainable production of nutritious foods. In this vein, the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, and Health has set dietary recommendations for human and planetary health. These recommendations, based on a wide body of evidence, suggest that plant-based diets are essential for the persistence of the population and the environment. This article briefly reviews the influence of diets on health and environmental outcomes in the context of the EAT-Lancet recommendations. Then the brief discusses the role of land grant universities in developing nutrition sensitive, environmentally resilient food systems. Then the article discusses local food system initiatives in Minnesota and offers insight into how the University of Minnesota may play a role in developing nutrition sensitive value chains by coordinating and supporting local food efforts. Ultimately, this brief suggests that land grant universities can help local communities equitably collaborate with upstream and downstream value chain actors to develop nutrition sensitive, environmentally resilient value chains.
Unifying mechanisms of trivalent chromium in health and disease

Abstract More than 50 years of basic and clinical data demonstrate that trivalent chromium (Cr3 +) is important for the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Despite long-acclaimed glycemic and cardiovascular benefits, clinical trials using Cr3 + have provided conflicting data. Moreover, a dearth of mechanistic understanding of Cr3 + action has stalled the potential clinical application and significance of Cr3 + in health and disease. Novel insights into cholesterol metabolism, intracellular nutrient signaling systems, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress now afford a fresh perspective on how Cr3 + benefits metabolic health. In this chapter, we will review new animal model and human subject data, and expand on recent cellular and molecular mechanisms that provide an integrated basis for the beneficial effects of Cr3 + in multiple pathologies characterized by metabolic dysregulation including diabetes, insulin resistance, and related macrovascular, microvascular, and cardiovascular complications.
A Novel Interdisciplinary Iterative Approach for Optimizing the Electronic Health Record to Improve Perioperative Efficiency.

Objective We present a holistic perioperative optimization approach led by a CI team with the goal to optimize the workflow within our EHR, improve operative room metrics and user satisfaction. Summary of background data The EHR has become integral to perioperative care. Many approaches are utilized to improve performance including systems-based approaches, process redesign, lean methodology, checklists, root cause analysis, and parallel processing. Although most reports describe strategies improving day or surgery productivity, few include perioperative interventions to improve efficiencies. Methods An interdisciplinary CI team consisting of clinicians, informatics specialists, and analysts spent 6 weeks assessing users and optimizing all perioperative areas (scheduling, day of surgery, postop discharge/admission). Elbow-to-elbow retraining and simultaneous content development was performed utilizing an Agile workflow process optimization with the Scrum framework. This iterative approach averaged 1 week from build to change implementation. Pre/post optimization surveys were sent. Results Two hundred forty-two perioperative enhancements were completed. While most impacted documentation, all areas were enhanced including billing, reporting, registration, device integration, scheduling, central supply, and so on. FCOTS improved from 85% and total delay was halved. These parameters were consistently sustained for over 1 year after the 6-week optimization. While only 5% of pre-optimization users agreed to proficiency in the EHR system, this improved to 70% post-optimization. Furthermore, EHR confidence and acceptance improved from 40% to 90%. Conclusions To improve workflow efficiency, all who contribute to the perioperative process must be assessed. This IT driven initiative resulted in improved FCOTS, perioperative workflows, and user satisfaction.
Cocaine causes rapid remodeling of dopaminergic axons, synapses, and mitochondria

Detailing the ways drugs of abuse physically change dopaminergic circuits would provide new mechanisms for explaining addictive behaviors, future targets for therapeutic intervention, and insights into the nature of synaptic plasticity. We combine recent advances in genetic labeling with large volume serial electron microscopy to detail how normal dopaminergic (DA) axons interact with putative targets and how those interactions change in mice briefly exposed to cocaine. We find that while most DA boutons are devoid of obvious signs of synapses (i.e. synaptic vesicles or synaptic densities) many DA boutons physically interdigitate with both dendrites and excitatory and inhibitory axons. After a brief exposure to cocaine, we find evidence of large-scale structural remodeling: extensive axonal branching and frequent occurrences of axonal blind-ended bulbs, filled with mitochondria, reminiscent of axonal retraction in the developing and damaged brain. The number of physical interdigitations and vesicle filled boutons between DA axons and targets scales linearly with the length of axon whether in controls or cocaine exposed animals and the size or the type of interaction (i.e. axo-axonic or axo-dendritic) does not change. Finally, we find significant cell-type and sub-cellular specific increases in mitochondrial length in response to cocaine. Specifically, mitochondria in dopamine axons and local Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) dendrites are ~3.5 times and 2 times longer, respectively, in cocaine treated mice than controls. These results show for the first time the effects of cocaine on remodeling of dopamine circuitry and reveal new details on how dopamine neurons physical associate with downstream targets.
Assessment of a Short, Focused Training to Reduce Symptoms of Cybersickness

Past reports have suggested that active visual training in virtual reality (VR) can reduce symptoms of cybersickness. Here, we adapted such a protocol to a computer-based version and compared it wi...
The Non-Commutative A 1 T-System and its Positive Laurent Property

We define a non-commutative version of the A1 T-system, which underlies frieze patterns of the integer plane. This system has discrete conserved quantities and has a particular reduction to the known non-commutative Q-system for A1. We solve the system by generalizing the flat GL2 connection method used in the commuting case to a 2 × 2 flat matrix connection with non-commutative entries. This allows us to prove the non-commutative positive Laurent phenomenon for the solutions when expressed in terms of admissible initial data. These are rephrased as partition functions of paths with non-commutative weights on networks, and alternatively of dimer configurations with non-commutative weights on ladder graphs made of chains of squares and hexagons.
Comparison of Motor Vehicle Crashes, Traffic Violations, and License Suspensions Between Autistic and Non-Autistic Adolescent and Young Adult Drivers.

Objective One-third of autistic individuals obtain a driver’s license by age 21 years; however, prior studies suggest they may be at heightened risk for motor vehicle crashes. We compared objective rates of crashes, traffic violations, and license suspensions for newly licensed autistic and non-autistic adolescents. Method This retrospective cohort study included New Jersey residents born from 1987 through 2000 who were patients of the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia health care network. Electronic health records were linked with statewide driver licensing and crash databases. Autism status was classified via International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes; individuals with intellectual disability were excluded. We compared rates among 486 autistic and 70,990 non-autistic licensed drivers over their first 48 months of driving. Furthermore, we examined the proportion of crashes attributed to specific driver actions and crash types. Results Compared with non-autistic drivers, autistic drivers were estimated to have lower average monthly rates of crash involvement (adjusted rate ratio (adjRR) = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.75–1.05), moving violations (adjRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.48–0.67), and suspensions (adjRR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.18–0.58). Among drivers involved in a crash, autistic drivers were half as likely to crash because of unsafe speed, but substantially more likely to crash because of their failure to yield to a vehicle/pedestrian and while making left-turns or U-turns. Conclusion Newly licensed autistic adolescent drivers have similar to lower estimated rates of adverse driving outcomes; the extent to which these can be attributed to different driving patterns is a critical point for future investigation. There were several notable differences in the characteristics of these crashes, which directly inform interventions to improve driving safety of autistic adolescent drivers.
Reconstructive Outcomes of Multilayered Closure of Large Skull Base Dural Defects Following Open Anterior Craniofacial Resection

Background Standardized reconstruction protocols for large open anterior skull base defects with dural resection are not well described. Here we report the outcomes and technique of a multilayered reconstructive algorithm utilizing local tissue, dural graft matrix, and microvascular free tissue transfer (MVFTT) for reconstruction of these deformities. Design This study is a retrospective review. Results Eleven patients (82% males) met inclusion criteria, with five (45%) having concurrent orbital exenteration and eight (73%) requiring maxillectomy. All patients required dural resection with or without intracranial tumor resection, with the average dural defect being 36.0 ± 25.9 cm2. Dural graft matrices and pericranial flaps were used for primary reconstruction of the dural defects, which were then reinforced with free fascia or muscle overlay by means of MVFTT. Eight (73%) patients underwent anterolateral thigh MVFTT, with the radial forearm, fibula, and vastus lateralis comprising the remainder. Average total surgical time of tumor resection and reconstruction was 14.9 ± 3.8 hours, with median length of hospitalization being 10 days (IQR: 9.5, 14). Continuous cerebrospinal fluid drainage through a lumber drain was utilized in 10 (91%) patients perioperatively, with an average length of indwelling drain of 5 days. Postoperative complications occurred in two (18%) patients who developed asymptomatic pneumocephalus that resolved with high-flow oxygen therapy. Conclusion A standardized multilayered closure technique of dural graft matrix, pericranial flap, and MVFTT overlay in the reconstruction of large open anterior craniofacial dural defects can assist the reconstructive team in approaching these complex deformities and may help prevent postoperative complications.
Sampling Algorithms for Discrete Markov Random Fields and Related Graphical Models

Discrete Markov random fields are undirected graphical models in which the nodes of a graph are discrete random variables with values usually represented by colors. Typically, graphs are taken to b...
Psychosocial factors related to BRCA1/2 disclosures.

ABSTRACT Patients who learn they carry breast cancer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) must decide if, when, and how they want to disclose this information to family members who may be affected. This article discusses the psychosocial factors that may influence patient decisions to disclose positive BRCA1/2 results to family members, as well as the role of nurses in educating and advocating for patients and their families.
Credibility of Managers’ Fair Value Assessments: Evidence from Smaller-than-Expected Goodwill Impairments

Goodwill impairment rules compel managers to convey their fair value assessments to investors. Several academic studies conclude that managers, on average, take advantage of discretion under these rules to opportunistically avoid or recognize smaller-than-expected goodwill impairments. We re-examine this conclusion and deliver three main findings. First, 44 percent of firms that avoid or record smaller-than-expected goodwill impairments are justified in doing so based on future stock price recovery. Second, the credibility of managers’ optimistic fair value assessments is positively associated with fundamental firm performance and strong external monitoring. Finally, a trading strategy long in firms that record smaller-than-expected impairments earns excess returns, suggesting that investors do not fully appreciate the signal embedded in these accounting decisions. We conclude that positive private information can be conveyed through smaller-than-expected goodwill impairments.
Consumer Bankruptcy Pathologies: Comment on Morrison & Uettwiller

Defining failures and pathologies can be difficult. Finding and fixing them can be even more difficult. This is the main lesson of Morrison and Uettwiller’s essay on Consumer Bankruptcy Pathologies (Morrison and Uettwiller, 2017). The essay is a major contribution to the literature on consumer bankruptcy, not for the new answers it provides, but for the old answers it debunks and the important new questions it raises. The prevailing narrative among academics is that the consumer bankruptcy system is both racially skewed and ineffective and that lawyers are in large part responsible. Morrison and Uettwiller’s study creates significant doubt about this narrative. Their results suggest that the racial pathologies attributed to the bankruptcy system may, in fact, be coming from other sources. The data also suggest that (1) the Chapter 13 system might be an effective mechanism given the dysfunction and pathologies of the larger legal and economic system in which it exists, and (2) Chapter 13 lawyers may be providing services that partially remedy the dysfunction and pathologies of that larger system. But the data are preliminary and noisy at best. As a result, this study does not leave us with strong policy implications. Instead, the authors provide an important agenda for future research.
Being there, being here: What critical field methods can tell us about WWC 2019

While studies of rhetoric and discourse have recently embraced a turn to “field methods,” studies of sport discourse have remained reliant on textual or mediated artifacts. In an effort to help shift focus to other methods, this chapter leverages the authors’ experiences “being there” for the 2019 FIFA World Cup to ask what the women’s soccer World Cup meant on social, cultural, and rhetorical levels. Specifically, this chapter provides alternating narratives from a diverse set of experiences that provide in-depth assessment of the impact and complexity of FIFA World Cup 2019. Through this chapter, the authors hope to demonstrate the value of emplaced, embodied, critical rhetorical analysis of sport, with particular attention to queer and feminist resistance in fan spaces of FIFA World Cup 2019.
Histamine Releasing Factors and Cytokine-Dependent Activation of Basophils and Mast Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the various types of histamine releasing factors (HRFs), discusses their interaction with basophils or mast cells, and speculates regarding their role in inflammation in general, and in allergic diseases in particular. The release of histamine from human basophils or mast cells is typically initiated by the interaction of antigen with surface-bound immunoglobulin (IgE) antibody. Histamine releasing factors are defined as products of activated cells that interact with basophils and mast cells to cause the release of histamine. Two general types of HRFs is described, one whose function appears to be dependent upon cell surface IgE and others that are IgE independent. A variety of reports confirmed that lymphoid cells produce such a factor, and HRF-like activities are described as products of T lymphocytes, mixed mononuclear cells, alveolar macrophages, platelets, B lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Such activity also appeared to be present in nasal washings of allergic subjects and in antigen-challenged cutaneous late-phase reactions. Histamine releasing factors cause a noncytotoxic granule exocytosis from basophils when assessed by electron microscopy and cause histamine release as well as release of lipid mediators such as leukotriene C4.
An Extended Relational Database Model for Uncertain and Imprecise Information

We propose an extended relational database model which can model both uncertainty and imprecision in data. This model is based on Dempster-Shafer theory which has become popular in AI as an uncertainty reasoning tool. The definitions of Be1 and Pls functions in Dempster-Shafer theory are extended to compute the beliefs of various comparisons (e.g., equality, less than, etc.) between two basic probability assignments. Based on these new definitions of Be1 and Pls functions and the Boolean combinations of Be1 and Pls values for two events, five relational operators such as Select, Cartesian Product, Join, Projection Intersect, and Union are defined.
Groundwater-dependent vegetation: Quantifying the groundwater subsidy

[1] The typical stratigraphy of riparian ecosystems consists of fine-grained overbank deposits overlying coarser-grained materials. Plants within these regions rely on soil moisture in the fine-grained sediments as well as supplemental groundwater for root water uptake. The additional water available as a result of shallow water table conditions is defined here as groundwater subsidy and is found to be a significant contribution to root water uptake. Work presented here quantifies the effect of groundwater subsidy on root water uptake as a result of variations in the soil thickness of the upper fine-grained sediments, rate of water table decline, and maximum water table depth. Variations in soil thickness and water table decline regimes produce a complex response with respect to both the rate of groundwater subsidy and the cumulative groundwater subsidy. These simulated regimes are analogs to environmental scenarios in riparian ecosystems that result from stream incision, soil erosion, and climate change. These results have implications for identifying ecosystems most susceptible to future change as well as those most amenable to restoration.
Topographical Distribution of Complex Carbohydrates in the Erythrocyte Membrane

Abstract Human red blood cell membranes treated with galactose oxidase were specifically labeled in galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine residues by reduction with tritiated borohydride. Ceramide tri- and tetrahexosides were the most intensely reactive lipid species. Several labeled polypeptide peaks were resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. While some of the radioactivity appeared to correspond to known, principal glycoproteins, a major part of the label was distributed in regions of the gel bearing only weakly stained protein and glycoprotein components. The pattern of labeling was essentially the same for intact erythrocytes and unsealed ghosts. Preparations of sealed, inside-out vesicles showed very little labeling, all of which could be attributed to small amounts of contamination from accessible outer surface. On this basis, all of the glycoprotein and glycolipid sugars reactive with galactose oxidase plus tritiated borohydride can be assigned to the external surface of the membrane.
Electronic cooling technology with use of turbulent impinging jets

An investigation on cooling of the solid surface was performed by studying the behaviors of impinging jets onto a fixed flat plate. The flow and local heat transfer coefficient distributions on a plate with a constant heat source were numerically investigated with a normally impinging axisymmetric jet. Numerical predictions of the mean velocities across the jet were. Made with several different nozzle-to-plate stand-off distances were considered. The two-dimensional cylindrical Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a two-equation turbulence model of the k-/spl epsi/ model version. The finite-volume differencing (FVD) scheme was used to solve the thermal and flow fields. The predicted velocities and heat transfer coefficients were compared with previously obtained experimental measurements. A universal function based on the wave equation was developed and applied to the heat transfer model to improve calculated local heat transfer coefficients. Predictions by the present model show good agreement with the experimental data.
Sol−gel kinetics. II: Chemical speciation modeling

Abstract We present an exact theoretical kinetic formalism which specifically treats the temporal evolution of the various chemical functional groups about a specific silicon atom undergoing concurrent hydrolysis and condensation reactions. This formalism is applied to the chemical kinetics of a typical sol-gel reaction system. We also present a simplified statistical reaction model which reduces the number of chemically distinct rate coefficients necessary to describe the kinetics from 165 to 3. Experimental results which support this statistical model are also presented.
Dislocations in the Dynamic Analysis of Cracks

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses dislocations in the dynamic analysis of cracks. In quasi-static fracture analysis, cracks are often represented mathematically as dislocation distributions. This approach has the advantages that dislocation problems are generally easier to solve. And enforcement of the zero traction crack surface conditions often leads to standard singular integral equations of the Cauchy type. Despite the complications of the time variable and the wave nature of the solution, including boundary reflections, this basic approach is extended to an example of dynamic crack propagation. The crack is replaced mathematically by an arbitrary dislocation distribution and the zero traction conditions on the crack surface are relaxed.
The Control of Prostate-Specific Antigen Expression and Gene Regulation by Pharmacological Agents

Prostate-specific antigen is a serine protease that is a member of the kallikrein family. It is widely used as an indicator of tumor burden and as a surrogate marker for disease progression in men with androgen-independent prostate cancer. It has been shown that the expression and/or secretion of this glycoprotein can be regulated by pharmacological agents. The effects of these agents on PSA may be independent of their effects on cell growth. For example, a pharmacological agent may down-regulate PSA expression/secretion but have no effect on tumor cell growth. In this case, a patient receiving this therapeutic agent might be falsely considered as having a clinical response. Alternatively, an agent might up-regulate PSA expression/secretion and have an inhibitory effect on cell growth. A patient receiving this therapeutic agent might be diagnosed with progressive disease unless an alternative method for assessing tumor burden is used. Thus, when an agent is to be evaluated in a clinical trial utilizing PSA as a marker for disease progression, it is important to prospectively test whether the agent has an effect on PSA expression and/or secretion. In addition, it is equally important to understand how these regulatory effects relate to cell growth. The purpose of this review is to describe several agents that have been tested for their regulatory effects on PSA and to discuss potential mechanisms of by which this regulation may occur. The implications of these findings in the evaluation of new agents in androgen-independent prostate cancer will be considered.
Dark CO2-fixation and diurnal malic acid fluctuations in the submerged-aquatic Isoetes storkii.

In the leaves (but not corms) of the submerged aquatic Isoetes storkii malic acid concentration fluctuated from 22 μeg g FW-1 in the evening to 171 μeg g FW-1 in the morning. Associated with this was a change in titratable acidity of 152 μeg g FW-1 between morning and evening. 14C carbon was fixed in both the light and the dark, though the amount of carbon fixed in the light was more than that fixed in the dark. Autoradiographs show 88% of 14CO2 fixed in the dark is recovered after 1 h, in malic acid and the remainder in one other unidentified product, whereas these two products contain less than 15% of the 14C fixed after 1 h exposure to 14CO2 in the light. It is suggested that CAM metabolism in this aquatic species may be related to the low availability of CO2 for photosynthesis during the day in its aquatic environment and that this metabolic pathway may prove common in the genus Isoetes.
Squamous-cell transformation in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma receiving erlotinib: Co-occurrence with T790M mutation

Abstract We report on a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who underwent testing for EGFR mutations in a pleural effusion that failed to show any alterations and received standard first and second-line chemotherapy. She received erlotinib as third-line therapy with a prolonged partial response. At time of progression, re-biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma, supported by histology and immunohistochemistry. Molecular profiling confirmed EGFR exon 21 L858R and exon 20 T790M mutations. Squamous cell transformation should not defer EGFR re-sequencing.
FINITE-ENERGY SUM RULES AND INELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING.

We use finite-energy sum rules (FESR) to analyze the inelastic-electron-scattering data. We show that the sum of resonances build up a scaling function although each resonance contribution falls off according to a dipole formula. This is achieved by assuming that the dipole mass which enters into the form factor increases when we go to higher resonances. The assumption seems to be confirmed by the data. We also investigate the contribution of the Regge trajectories to the FESR, assuming that they all scale. We find that the equations can be satisfied only if there is another contribution of a $J=0$ fixed pole. The residue function of the fixed pole is calculated explicitly and compared with that of the fixed pole found at real Compton scattering. The two residue functions are found to have opposite signs.
Continuous Particle Separation Through Deterministic Lateral Displacement

We report on a microfluidic particle-separation device that makes use of the asymmetric bifurcation of laminar flow around obstacles. A particle chooses its path deterministically on the basis of its size. All particles of a given size follow equivalent migration paths, leading to high resolution. The microspheres of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 micrometers that were used to characterize the device were sorted in 40 seconds with a resolution of approximately 10 nanometers, which was better than the time and resolution of conventional flow techniques. Bacterial artificial chromosomes could be separated in 10 minutes with a resolution of approximately 12%.
On collective pension assurance

Abstract For the last years two Norwegian life-insurance companies have succesfully undertaken pension assurances after a collective scheme.
Effects of age and sex on the amount and distribution of mineral in Eskimo tibiae

The bone mineral content (BMC), bone width, and cross-sectional moment of inertia (CSMI) of 141 Alaskan Eskimo tibias were measured using photon absorptiometry. The effects of age and sex on the bones' structural properties were studied. It was found that in women, BMC decreased by 50% between the third and sixth decades, but that of the males did not decline significantly with age. This was true of the CSMI as well, for bending in both the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) planes. This result is different than that in some other prehistoric native American populations, where tibia CSMI increases with age in both sexes. The CSMI values were significantly higher in men than in women. Also, in men the AP CSMI was 55% larger than the ML CSMI; in women this difference was only 25%, and declined with age. Since the tibia is preferentially loaded in the AP plane by locomotor activities, the platycnemic differences between the sexes may reflect sex-related differences in activity which become more pronounced with age. The non-destructive method for obtaining data on the cross-sectional geometry of dry bones which is described here may be useful in studying other archaeological collections.
Damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and its association with corticosteroids

Objective To evaluate the association between corticosteroid use and organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The occurrence and date of organ damage, as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, were determined for 539 patients enrolled in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort Study. The risk of damage associated with the cumulative prednisone dose, high-dose prednisone (≥60 mg/day for ≥2 months), and pulse methylprednisolone (1,000 mg intravenously for 1–3 days) was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, controlling for age, race, and sex. Risk estimates for the cumulative prednisone dose were based on a reference dose of 36.5 gm (e.g., 10 mg of prednisone daily for 10 years [or equivalent]). Results The cumulative prednisone dose was significantly associated with the development of osteoporotic fractures (relative risk [RR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.7, 3.7), symptomatic coronary artery disease (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1, 2.5), and cataracts (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4, 2.5). Each intravenous pulse was associated with a small increase in the risk of osteoporotic fractures (RR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0, 1.8); however, this result failed to reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). Each 2-month exposure to high-dose prednisone was associated with a 1.2-fold increase in the risk of both avascular necrosis (95% CI 1.1, 1.4) and stroke (95% CI 1.0, 1.5). Conclusion SLE patients receiving long-term prednisone therapy were at significant risk of morbidity due to permanent organ damage. Additional research is required to determine the relative contributions of SLE disease activity and corticosteroids to the pathogenesis of specific types of organ damage. Furthermore, new steroid-sparing therapies are needed in order to treat disease activity and minimize cumulative and high-dose prednisone exposure.
Diabetes mellitus increases risk of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage independent of glycemic control.

Objective Symptomatic cerebral vasospasm (SCV) is a morbid sequela of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its etiology is multifactorial and predicting onset can be challenging. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to affect vasoactive properties of vessels, but it has not been definitively correlated with SCV. We report that pre-existing DM is independently and strongly correlated with SCV, despite intensive glycemic control.
H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates is greatly reduced by melatonin

Melatonin protection against H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates was measured in vitro. The level of malonaldehyde (MDA) plus 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HDA) was assayed in brain homogenates as an index of induced membrane oxidative damage. Brain homogenates were co-incubated with H2O2 alone or in combination with melatonin. Brain MDA + 4-HDA increased after H2O2 (0.1-5 mM) with the effect being both concentration- and time-dependent. Melatonin (0.1-5 mM) protected against H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates in a concentration-dependent manner.
Does Vitamin E and C Supplementation Improve the Recovery From Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Muscular (quadriceps) weakness is a predominant impairment that follows anterior cruciate ligament injury and surgery. This continued weakness impairs activities of daily living and could predispose patients to adverse conditions later in life, such as knee osteoarthritis. Vitamins E and C have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Herein, the authors summarize the state-of-the science and suggest directions for future research endeavors regarding the therapeutic influence of vitamins E and C, or other antioxidants, on the recovery from anterior cruciate ligament injury and surgery.
Association between psoriasis and incident cancer: the Iowa's Women's Health Study.

Introduction Studies have reported higher cancer risk in individuals with psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease; however, adjustment for potential confounders was lacking.