cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MRI scanner variability studies using a semi-automated analysis system.

Abstract Due to the unique design of the Parallel Rod Test Object (PRoTO) and the associated semi-automated analysis program, it was necessary to test it extensively for precision and accuracy, and preliminarily for utility, before its distribution for wider use in MRI system quality control (QC). The test object and analysis program measured the desired quantities reproducibly and they accurately measured predicted changes from intentionally adjusted imaging system parameters, yielding sensitivity of the various test measures to deviation in the system operating parameters. From a single scan of the most recent revision of the test object, multiple quantitative quality control measures were obtained throughout the scanning volume on two MR imaging systems over periods of six and twelve months, respectively. From these and earlier trials, an initial indication was obtained of which performance measures are worth monitoring for QC. This experience suggests that signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and distortion (including display scale) should be monitored but not necessarily the resolution. The latter was only found to alter at the same time or later than other parameters such as SNR had changed. Slice thickness was found to vary on some units and this measure was also used in normalizing the SNR by voxel volume. SNR, distortion, and resolution measurements using field-echo sequences were less stable than those using spin-echo sequences. Use of this QC program to test a wide variety of image quality measures allowed timely assessment of the long-term variability of the units tested. Long-term variability may become among the most important measures for comparison of system performance and maintenance. Results are still inconclusive on the importance of tracking measures from sequences that are potentially most sensitive to small system misadjustments.
Asymptotic Normality of an Entropy Estimator With Exponentially Decaying Bias

This paper establishes the asymptotic normality of an entropy estimator with an exponentially decaying bias on any finite alphabet. Furthermore, it is shown that the nonparametric estimator is asymptotically efficient.
Problem Solving for Better Health Nursing: a working approach to the development and dissemination of applied research in developing countries.

Abstract This article describes the international component of the Problem Solving for Better Health Nursing (PSBHN?) program initiated by the Dreyfus Health Foundation (DHF) in 2002. PSBHN is operational in 14 countries in addition to the United States. A PSBHN initiative is described, and attention is given to lessons learned and plans for the future.
Contribution of angiotensin-(1-7) to cardiovascular physiology and pathology.

Increased understanding of the contribution of angiotensin peptides to the physiologic control of arterial pressure and cardiovascular regulation has been made possible with the introduction of agents that either inhibit the activity of angiotensins forming enzymes or block the action of the peptides at their specific receptor subtypes. This review highlights some of the lessons that have been learned from the study of the actions of angiotensin-(1-7) and its interrelationship with other vasodilator mechanisms that modulate the control systems that determine blood pressure and tissue perfusion. The studies suggest that the reninangiotensin system acts as a humoral mechanism for blood pressure control through the generation of several distinct forms of angiotensin peptides that may bind to diverse receptor subtypes.
Sequential effects in fixed-ratio postreinf orcement pause duration

Pigeons were run on fixed ratio schedules that alternated between pairs of long and pairs of short ratios. Length of ratio was differentially cued. The longest pause in response preceded the longer ratio. However, sequential effects were observed. These suggested a contrast effect rather than a direct relation between amount of responding preceding a pause and pause duration.
Comparison of the Results of a Logical Questionnaire with Reading Comprehension, Verbal Ability, and Grade Point Averages

(1961). Comparison of the Results of a Logical Questionnaire with Reading Comprehension, Verbal Ability, and Grade Point Averages. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 289-292.
Anterior versus posterior approach to iliac crest for alveolar cleft bone grafting.

Purpose The goal of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes for the anterior versus posterior approach to the iliac crest for alveolar bone grafting in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients with CLP who had an anterior or posterior iliac crest bone graft during a 10-year period was performed. Available medical records were reviewed and the outcome variables documented included the operation site for bone graft procurement (anterior or posterior), estimated blood loss, duration of operation, concurrent procedures, and length of hospital stay. The 2 groups were compared by t test, Fisher exact test, and multivariate regression to show differences. Results There were 239 patients with CLP who had an iliac crest bone graft to the alveolar cleft; 133 had an anterior and 106 a posterior approach for bone graft procurement. The mean estimated blood loss was significantly less with the posterior approach (85 vs 177 mL; P Conclusions These results suggest that patients having a bone graft from the posterior iliac crest have a smaller estimated blood loss and a shorter length of stay. In addition, this approach permits repair of the alveolar cleft and additional procedures, including augmentation of the median tubercle and correction of nasolabial distortions, which are often present in patients with CLP.
THE USE OF BARGAINING GAMES IN LOCAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY

Granting location incentives is a common city policy to attract new businesses, despite the frequent belief that the benefits are too generous. Can cities do a better job determining when to agree to these concessions and when to refuse? I argue that analyzing the concession decision with a simple bargaining game illustrates: (1) that the negotiation strategy a city uses should be based on the characteristics of the firm in each case and (2) that even poor cities with few attractive location features can avoid making large concessions. Development experiences in Miami-Dade are used to illustrate the model.
Lossless convexification of non-convex optimal control problems for state constrained linear systems

This paper analyzes a class of finite horizon optimal control problems with mixed non-convex and convex control constraints and linear state constraints. A convex relaxation of the problem is proposed, and it is proved that a solution of the relaxed problem is also a solution of the original problem. This process is called lossless convexification, and its generalization for problems with state constraints is the primary contribution of the paper. Doing so enables the use of interior point methods of convex optimization to obtain global optimal solutions of the original non-convex problem. The approach is also demonstrated on example problems.
A Comparison of the Lieberman-Ross and Mann-Grubbs Methods

Abstract This article compares two procedures for computing reliability confidence bounds for series systems whose components have independent, exponentially distributed failure times. The Lieberman-Ross method is statistically exact, whereas the Mann-Grubbs method approximates an exact optimum bound. For test plans that involve simultaneous testing of all samples of each component type, it is shown that when the Lieberman-Ross method uses all of the observed failure data in computing the confidence bound, the resulting bound will not be practically lower than that produced by the Mann-Grubbs method. Simulation is used to infer that only when the observed data are ordered so that the observed failure times of a significant fraction of the least reliable samples are not actually used in computing the Lieberman-Ross bound can that method be expected to produce a bound superior to that produced by the Mann-Grubbs procedure, using the full data set.
Genital injury in a child with an imperforate hymen: A case report

Abstract An 8-year-old girl with an imperforate hymen is presented. A penetrating injury through the occluding membrane was created by a sexually abusive relationship. The implications of these findings support the notion that clinicians need to have a higher level of suspicion in evaluating children with genital injuries in order to discover cases of sexual abuse in this population.
Measures, densities and diameters of frequency bands of scaling functions and wavelets

We investigate the measures of frequency bands of scaling functions and wavelets, and solve an open problem. Furthermore, we give conditions for which the measures of frequency bands of scaling functions are less than [email protected] and the measures of frequency bands of wavelets are less than [email protected] We also discuss the densities around the origin and the diameters of frequency bands of scaling functions and wavelets, and show that there are essential differences between the single and multidimensional cases.
Improved and expanded Q-system reagents for genetic manipulations

The Q system is a repressible binary expression system for transgenic manipulations in living organisms. Through protein engineering and in vivo functional tests, we report here variants of the Q-system transcriptional activator, including QF2, for driving strong and ubiquitous expression in all Drosophila tissues. Our QF2, Gal4QF and LexAQF chimeric transcriptional activators substantially enrich the toolkit available for transgenic regulation in Drosophila melanogaster.
MicroRNA profiling of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by whole-genome small RNA deep sequencing of paired frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens†

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality. Characterization of microRNA (miRNA) expression of RCC will help disclose new pathogenic pathways in tumourigenesis and progression and may lead to the development of molecular biomarkers and target-specific therapies for diagnosis, prognostication and treatment. With limitations in test specificity and the ability to detect novel miRNA and other small non-coding RNAs (smRNAs), microarray and RT-PCR techniques are being replaced by the evolving deep-sequencing technologies, at least in the discovery phase. Until now, cancer miRNA profiling of human benign and tumour specimen sets, using smRNA deep-sequencing (smRNA-seq), has not been reported. Specifically, due to concern over possible poor RNA quality/integrity, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples have not been used for such studies. Here, we performed whole-genome smRNA-seq analysis using a benign and RCC specimen set and have successfully profiled the miRNA expression. Studies performed on paired frozen and FFPE specimens showed very similar results. Moreover, a comparison study of microarray, deep-sequencing and RT-PCR methodologies also showed a high correlation among the three technologies. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that FFPE specimens can be used reliably for miRNA deep-sequencing analysis, making future large-scale clinical cohort/trial-based studies possible.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A MEASURE OF FUTURE TIME PERSPECTIVE

Future time perspective has been a widely used multifactor construct dealing with beliefs about the future. The greatest weakness, however, has been a failure to develop adequate instrumentation. This study describes the development of an 80-item instrument. Aside from the evaluation process, the most significant finding was that responses to the scale give a unitary factor.
The relationship of language brokering to academic performance, biculturalism, and self-efficacy among Latino adolescents.

Children who interpret for their immigrant parents are referred to as language brokers. The present study examines the relationship of language brokering to academic performance, biculturalism, aca...
Maximizing Manipulation Capabilities for People with Disabilities Using a 9-DoF Wheelchair-Mounted Robotic Arm System

A wheelchair-mounted robotic arm (WMRA) system was designed and built to meet the needs of mobility-impaired persons with limitations of upper extremities, and to exceed the capabilities of current devices of this type. The control of this 9-DoF system expands on the conventional control methods and combines the 7-DoF robotic arm control with the 2-DoF power wheelchair control. The 3-degrees of redundancy are optimized to effectively perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and overcome singularities, joint limits and some workspace limitations. The control system is designed for teleoperated or autonomous coordinated Cartesian control, and it offers expandability for future research, such as voice or sip and puff control operations and sensor assist functions.
Reduction of NO by H2CO mixtures over silica-supported rhodium: Infrared and kinetic studies

Abstract The kinetics of NO reduction by H2CO mixtures have been investigated over a Rh SiO 2 catalyst. Nearly 90% of the reduction can be ascribed to H2. The presence of CO retards the rate of NO reduction, presumably due to competitive adsorption with H2. The formation of urea is a direct result of NO reduction by H2 and CO. The catalyst activity is 50% higher when the catalyst is preoxidized rather than prereduced. N2O, N2, NH3, and (NH2)2CO are formed over the prereduced catalyst. NH3 formation is largely suppressed when the catalyst is preoxidized and a product believed to be HNCO is formed instead of urea. In situ infrared spectra of the catalyst show that for NO conversions below 70%, the surface is dominated by adsorbed NO. At higher conversions, bands are also observed for adsorbed CO, but none for isocyanate species attached to Rh.
Role of cytokinin in enhanced productivity of maize supplied with NH4+ and NO3−

Supplying both N forms (NH4 ++NO3 −) to the maize (Zea mays L.) plant can optimize productivity by enhancing reproductive development. However, the physiological factors responsible for this enhancement have not been elucidated, and may include the supply of cytokinin, a growth-regulating substance. Therefore, field and gravel hydroponic studies were conducted to examine the effect of N form (NH4 ++NO3 − versus predominantly NO3 −) and exogenous cytokinin treatment (six foliar applications of 22 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) during vegetative growth versus untreated) on productivity and yield of maize. For untreated plants, NH4 ++NO3 − nutrition increased grain yield by 11% and whole shoot N content by 6% compared with predominantly NO3 −. Cytokinin application to NO3 −-grown field plants increased grain yield to that of NH4 ++NO3 −-grown plants, which was the result of enhanced dry matter partitioning to the grain and decreased kernel abortion. Likewise, hydroponically grown maize supplied with NH4 ++NO3 − doubled anthesis earshoot weight, and enhanced the partitioning of dry matter to the shoot. NH4 ++NO3 − nutrition also increased earshoot N content by 200%, and whole shoot N accumulation by 25%. During vegetative growth, NH4 ++NO3 − plants had higher concentrations of endogenous cytokinins zeatin and zeatin riboside in root tips than NO3 −-grown plants. Based on these data, we suggest that the enhanced earshoot and grain production of plants supplied with NH4 ++NO3 − may be partly associated with an increased endogenous cytokinin supply.
Vanadate: A potent inhibitor of multifunctional glucose-6-phosphatase

Vanadate has been found to be a potent inhibitor of both the hydrolytic and synthetic activities of the multifunctional enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (D-glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.9). The enzyme, when studied in both microsomal preparations and in situ using permeable isolated hepatocytes, is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of vanadate. The inhibition by vanadate is greater in detergent-treated than in untreated microsomes. In both the microsomal preparations and permeable hepatocytes, the inhibition by vanadate is competitive with the phosphate substrate and is greater for the phosphotransferase than the hydrolase activity of the enzyme. The Ki values of vanadate for carbamyl-phosphate : glucose phosphotransferase and glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase determined with permeable hepatocytes are in good agreement with the values determined with detergent-dispersed microsomes. The previously described inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate phosphohydrolase by ATP (Nordlie, R.C., Hanson, T.L., Johns, P.T. and Lygre, D.G. (1968) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 60, 590-597) can now be explained by the vanadium contamination of the commercially available ATP samples used. In contrast with glucose-6-phosphatase, hepatic glucokinase and hexokinase were not inhibited by vanadate. Physiological implications and utilitarian experimental applicability of vanadate as a selective metabolic probe, based on these observations, are suggested.
Correcting flawed expert knowledge through reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning used to correct erroneous knowledge in a tactical agent.Such experiential learning also creates missing knowledge for a tactical agent.Prototype was built and extensively tested to verify usefulness of method. Subject matter experts can sometimes provide incorrect and/or incomplete knowledge in the process of building intelligent systems. Other times, the expert articulates correct knowledge only to be misinterpreted by the knowledge engineer. In yet other cases, changes in the domain can lead to outdated knowledge in the system. This paper describes a technique that improves a flawed tactical agent by revising its knowledge through practice in a simulated version of its operational environment. This form of theory revision repairs agents originally built through interaction with subject matter experts. It is advantageous because such systems can now cease to be completely dependent on human expertise to provide correct and complete domain knowledge. After an agent has been built in consultation with experts, and before it is allowed to become operational, our method permits its improvement by subjecting it to several practice sessions in a simulation of its mission environment. Our method uses reinforcement learning to correct such errors and fill in gaps in the knowledge of a context-based tactical agent. The method was implemented and evaluated by comparing the performance of an agent improved by our method, to the original hand-built agent whose knowledge was purposely seeded with known errors and/or gaps. The results show that the improved agent did in fact correct the seeded errors and did gain the missing knowledge to permit it to perform better than the original, flawed agent.
Broadening Views of Learning: Developing Educators for the 21st Century Through an International Research Partnership at the Exploratorium and King's College London

This article describes efforts to develop educators, in both formal and informal settings, who possess theories of teaching and learning that not only encompass but, perhaps, depend on bridging institutional and contextual boundaries. It describes the experiences of The Exploratorium, a museum in San Francisco, King's College London, and the University of California Santa Cruz, in a National Science Foundation-funded project. The article begins with a discussion of the growing interest that science education decision makers and policymakers show in bridging formal and informal settings and resources to make learning in K-12 science more engaging, authentic, and conceptually rich. It then describes how CILS designed programs and partnerships to support the development of educators to have not only expanded views of learning, but also experience and facility with designing and leading programs that draw on features and affordances of both formal and informal science settings. The authors close with a discus...
Basic level scene understanding: from labels to structure and beyond

An early goal of computer vision was to build a system that could automatically understand a 3D scene just by looking. This requires not only the ability to extract 3D information from image information alone, but also to handle the large variety of different environments that comprise our visual world. This paper summarizes our recent efforts toward these goals. First, we describe the SUN database, which is a collection of annotated images spanning 908 different scene categories. This database allows us to systematically study the space of possible everyday scenes and to establish a benchmark for scene and object recognition. We also explore ways of coping with the variety of viewpoints within these scenes. For this, we have introduced a database of 360° panoramic images for many of the scene categories in the SUN database and have explored viewpoint recognition within the environments. Finally, we describe steps toward a unified 3D parsing of everyday scenes: (i) the ability to localize geometric primitives in images, such as cuboids and cylinders, which often comprise many everyday objects, and (ii) an integrated system to extract the 3D structure of the scene and objects depicted in an image.
Working Sets Past and Present

A program's working set is the collection of segments (or pages) recently referenced. This concept has led to efficient methods for measuring a program's intrinsic memory demand; it has assisted in undetstanding and in modeling program behavior; and it has been used as the basis of optimal multiprogrammed memory management. The total cost of a working set dispatcher is no larger than the total cost of other common dispatchers. This paper outlines the argument why it is unlikely that anyone will find a cheaper nonlookahead memory policy that delivers significantly better performance.
Natural Read-through at the UGA Termination Signal of Qβ Coat Protein Cistron

GENETIC analysis of conditional lethal mutants of Qβ, a small RNA-containing bacteriophage of Escherichia coli, has demonstrated the existence of three cistrons1. These have been correlated2 with three of the four phage-specific proteins observed after Qβ infection2–4: gene 1 codes for the phage-specific subunit of Qβ replicase, gene 2 for the maturation protein and gene 3 for the major coat protein. Using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to characterize these polypeptides, Garwes et al. introduced the nomenclature I, IIa and III for the phage-specific proteins3; the corresponding molecular weights are 64,000, 41,000 and 14,000.
Liquid-based cervical cytologic smear study and conventional Papanicolaou smears: A metaanalysis of prospective studies comparing cytologic diagnosis and sample adequacy

Abstract Objective: We sought to evaluate the cytologic diagnosis and sample adequacy of the liquid-based cervical cytologic smear (ThinPrep) compared with that of the conventional Papanicolaou smear. Study Design: Prospective studies of ThinPrep and conventional Papanicolaou smears were analyzed for cytologic diagnosis and sample adequacy. Computerized databases, references in published studies, and index reviews published in English were used to identify direct-to-vial and split-sample clinical trials of cervical smears performed by conventional and liquid-based techniques. Only published studies that used the Bethesda system nomenclature with clearly documented outcome data were included. Each trial was assessed for the quality of its method, inclusion and exclusion criteria, adequacy of randomization, sampling protocols, definition of outcome, and statistical analyses. Results: Twenty-five studies met inclusion criteria for this review. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for each outcome. Estimates of odds ratios and risk differences for dichotomous outcomes were calculated by use of random and fixed-effects models. Homogeneity was tested across the studies. Results indicate that the ThinPrep test is as good as or superior to the conventional Papanicolaou smear in diagnosing uterine cervical premalignant abnormalities. Also the ThinPrep test provides improved sample adequacy when compared with the conventional Papanicolaou test. Conclusion: The ThinPrep test improved sample adequacy and led to improved diagnosis of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. However, there is no difference in the rate of atypical cells of undetermined significance diagnosis between ThinPrep and conventional smear groups. The added cost of ThinPrep cytologic screening and, hence, its cost-effectiveness are not evaluated in this study. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:308-17.)
Early Intervention Needs of Children At Risk Due to Prenatal Drug Exposure: A Survey of Early Childhood Educators

Abstract Educating children who are at risk for school failure due to prenatal drug exposure poses significant challenges to educators. The purpose of this study was to examine preschool educators' perceptions of learning and behavioral problems of children who were prenatally exposed to drugs, as well as to examine intervention strategies and other related issues in educating these children. A survey was completed by 85 preschool educators living in a mid-sized metropolitan area in the Pacific Northwest. The respondents had generally positive attitudes about working with children with prenatal drug exposure. Many respondents reported that they were using effective intervention strategies, and that parents of these children were generally helpful and concerned about their children's education.
Design strategies for youth-focused pervasive social health games

Adolescent obesity is an increasing challenge, and pervasive social health games hold much promise for promoting sustained healthy behaviors. Researchers and designers of these systems have many potential theories and existing best practices at their disposal. Our study, grounded in participatory design, shows which ones matter---both for pervasive social health games and within the cultural context of a community we studied over the course of three years. We worked with 112 US middle school students from a lower-income community in a series of participatory design exercises focused on social rewards for everyday physical activity. In our analysis, we discuss design implications in four key areas: social presence, gender effects, incentives and competition. We show how these themes manifested in students' designs and why they were particularly important to our participants. We then use our findings to suggest design strategies for youth-focused pervasive social health games.
The intertropical convergence zone of the eastern Pacific revisited

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) complex over the eastern Pacific is re-examined from the NCEP–NCAR 40 year reanalysis and other data. Consistent with earlier work, the new analysis yields for July–August: a surface position of the near-equatorial wind confluence at 12 °N; the cross-equatorial flow changing from divergent to convergent at the latitude of recurvature from southeasterly to southwesterly; strongest convergence in the surface layer to the south of the wind confluence, with this feeding vigorous ascending motion and compensating divergence in the upper troposphere; and the interface between cross-equatorial flow and northeast trades sloping southward at 1 : 1500. An easterly speed maximum in the mid troposphere over the equator is consistent with the 4 year rawin record at Galapagos. The new coarse-resolution dataset fails to capture a well-developed Intertropical Divergence Zone. The annual cycle features for the wind confluence and the ITCZ a position closest to the equator in February, a northward migration to June, southward shift in July and August, and a northernmost location in September. This behaviour is paralleled by maxima in the frequency of the Temporal weather systems and rainfall on the Pacific side of Central America in June and September. Regarding the climatic variability, with an anomalously far southerly position of the wind confluence, Central American rainfall tends to be deficient, and such a combination of departures is common in the warm phase of the southern oscillation. The long-term evolution is characterized by a warming trend of equatorial Pacific waters and weakening of cross-equatorial wind, while trends in the latitude position of the wind confluence and in Central American rainfall are not significant. Copyright  2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
New split Levinson, Schur, and lattice algorithms for digital signal processing

The mathematical structure associated with the split algorithms for computing the reflection coefficients for a given real symmetric positive-definite Toeplitz matrix is analyzed. A novel form of three-term recurrence relation is derived and computationally efficient alternatives to the Levinson-Durbin, Schur, and lattice algorithms are obtained. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithms is the same as those of the split algorithms described in recent literature. These algorithms provide further insight into the mathematical properties of the structurally rich Toeplitz matrices. >
Levofloxacin Failure in a Patient with Pneumococcal Pneumonia

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of levofloxacin failure in a patient with a penicillin-sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.CASE SUMMARY:A previously healthy, immunocompetent, 53-year-old white man presented with penicillin-sensitive S. pneumoniae pneumonia. The patient was empirically placed on levofloxacin monotherapy, which was continued due to a local penicillin shortage. When the patient failed to improve, further susceptibility testing was ordered. The organism was found to have a penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.023 μg/mL and a levofloxacin MIC of 6 μg/mL. Effective antimicrobial therapy was delayed, as clinicians did not anticipate fluoroquinolone resistance.DISCUSSION:Newer fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin have good activity against most S. pneumoniae isolates and are used for the treatment of pneumonia. Although resistance to these agents is rare, it has been reported. Current guidelines from the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards do not recommend ...
Proteomics: A Shotgun Approach without Two‐dimensional Gels

Proteome analysis has been most commonly accomplished by the combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, but this method suffers some drawbacks that limit its usefulness for large-scale analysis. New ‘shotgun’ techniques allow for the detection of proteins from complex mixtures and are rapidly replacing gel-based methods for certain applications. Keywords: proteomics; mass spectrometry; tandem mass spectrometry; two-dimensional gels; shotgun proteomics; multidimensional protein identification technique; microcapillary liquid chromatography; matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization
Home and laboratory dreams collected under uniform sampling conditions.

Twelve young-adult males spent two nonconsecutive nights at the laboratory (L) and two at home (H), six in the order LHHL and six in the order HLLH. Dreams were collected under uniform sampling conditions in both settings: S was awakened by an alarm clock at 6:30 a.m. and reported any dreams he could remember into a tape recorder. Twenty dream reports were collected in the laboratory, and 18 at home. Dream reports were rated by two judges on the six dimensions isolated by Hauri et al.'s factor analysis of dream ratings. Results showed no significant differences between home and laboratory in percentage of recall, median dream word counts, and dream ratings for Vivid Fantasy, Unpleasantness, Active Participation, and Sex. Home dreams were judged to contain more Verbal Aggression (p < .02) and Physical Aggression (p < .08). It was concluded that, although impulse-related content may be more likely to occur in home dreams than in laboratory dreams, the basic dream processes of imagination, distortion, dramatization, etc., are the same in both settings.
Origin of Interface States and Oxide Charges Generated by Ionizing Radiation

The randomly located trivalent silicon atoms are shown to account for the thermally generated interface states at the SiO2-Si interface. The interface state density is greatly reduced in water containing ambients at low temperatures (450°C) by forming trivalent silicon hydroxide bonds. Interface states are regenerated when the ?Si-OH bonds are broken by ionizing radiation and the OH ions are drifted away. In the bulk of the oxide film, the trivalent silicon and the interstitial oxygen donor centers are shown to be responsible for the heat and radiation generated positive space charge build-up (oxide charge) in thermally grown silicon oxide.
Dynamic mechanical analysis of a uniaxial continuous carbon fiber‐thermoplastic composite subjected to anodic and cathodic currents

The dynamic mechanical properties of a uniaxial continuous carbon fiber-thermoplastic composite were found to degrade significantly when subjected to anodic and cathodic currents in the presence of seawater. The composite tested was made of PAN-based graphite fibers (50 vol%) in Du Pont's J-2 thermoplastic resin (nylon-based). The shear storage modulus, G', and the shear loss modulus, G, of the composite were measured by subjecting a rod-shaped sample to small amplitude torsional oscillations. The moduli remained constant over time when the sample was in air and when it was submerged in seawater in the absence of applied currents. Both moduli decreased to ∼45% of their initial values when a constant anodic current of density 0.414 μA/cm 2 was applied for 2 h. A cathodic current of the same density and duration caused the moduli to decrease to ∼63% of their initial values. The moduli remained at these low levels after the current had been turned off. Inspection, under a scanning electron microscope, of the sample exposed to the anodic current revealed numerous cracks in the polymer matrix. In the sample exposed to the cathodic current, the fibers separated from the matrix of the composite.
Heterocyst Differentiation and Nitrogen Fixation in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena

Some cyanobacteria, e.g. Anabaena, protect nitrogenase from oxygen by differentiating specialized cells, heterocysts, at regular intervals along each filament. These cells have a new outer envelope consisting of a polysaccharide layer and a crystalline glycolipid layer. They also undergo numerous biochemical changes that eliminate oxygen from the nitrogen-fixing cells. Following nitrogen step-down, transcription of a key regulatory gene, hetR, increases in those cells destined to become heterocysts, both in the wild type and in several pattern mutants. This was determined by using a plasmid containing the hetR gene 5’-flanking region fused to the gfp gene. HetR expression is normally driven by a regulatory cascade responding to the cue of nitrogen starvation. The elements of that cascade are unknown except for NtcA, a CAP-related protein that activates transcription of nitrogen assimilation and certain nif-related genes. Expression of hetR by fusion of the gene to a regulatable promoter allows heterocysts to differentiate ectopically. If the gene is turned on in medium containing ammonia or nitrate, heterocysts appear with a frequency depending on the level of hetR induction. There is no nitrogenase activity in such cases, probably because nifH and xisA are not transcribed. Since over-expression of hetR is also lethal, this system provides a selection for mutants impaired in the signalling downstream of hetR. One of those downstream genes is patB, which is required for oxygen protection, probably at the level of transcription.
Dynamic regulation of neutrophil polarity and migration by the heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαi-GTP and Gβγ

Activation of the Gi family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) releases βγ subunits, which are the major transducers of chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-dependent cell migration. The small molecule 12155 binds directly to Gβγ and activates Gβγ signaling without activating the Gαi subunit in the Gi heterotrimer. We used 12155 to examine the relative roles of Gαi and Gβγ activation in the migration of neutrophils on surfaces coated with the integrin ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). We found that 12155 suppressed basal migration by inhibiting the polarization of neutrophils and increasing their adhesion to ICAM-1-coated surfaces. GPCR-independent activation of endogenous Gαi and Gβγ with the mastoparan analog Mas7 resulted in normal migration. Furthermore, 12155-treated cells expressing a constitutively active form of Gαi1 became polarized and migrated. The extent and duration of signaling by the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were enhanced by 12155. Inhibiting the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) restored the polarity of 12155-treated cells but did not decrease their adhesion to ICAM-1 and failed to restore migration. Together, these data provide evidence for a direct role of activated Gαi in promoting cell polarization through a cAMP-dependent mechanism and in inhibiting adhesion through a cAMP-independent mechanism.
Reovirus Type 2 Production of and Sensitivity to Interferon in Human Amnion Cells (RA)

SummaryThe antiviral inhibitor substance produced by reovirus type 2 in a stable human amnion cell line (RA) was found to have several properties similar to interferon. It inhibited the growth of inducing virion as well as of heterologous virions, was not sedimentable at 45,000 rpm for 1.5 hours, was not neutralized by reovirus antiserum, was not toxic to cells, was stable upon treatment at pH 2, was inactivated by trypsin, and was ineffective in cells of unrelated species (mouse). These results indicate that the reovirus can induce interferon formation in cells and, like other virions, are also susceptible to the action of the inhibitor.
‘We have this day, expell’d our Men the Stage’: Dating the Prologue and Epilogue of The Parson’s Wedding

Scholars of Restoration theatre have given contradictory accounts as to which all-female production of Thomas Killigrew’s The Parson’s Wedding the existing prologue and epilogue belong to. This note argues that out of the two productions in the Restoration period – the first of which took place in October 1664 and the second in June 1672 – the surviving prologue and epilogue were most likely written for the second production. Combining evidence gathered from historical records as well as from textual analysis, this note is the first study to comprehensively investigate this conundrum.
Phoretic Relationship of Some Common Manure-Inhabiting Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) to the House Fly

House flies, Musca domestica (L.), were trapped from mite-infested dairy cattle manure and collected by net inside dairy barns. Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) and M. subbadius (Berlese) were commonly found attached to the house flies. Although M. medarius (Berlese), M. robustulus (Berlese) and Glyptholaspis confusa (Foa) were present in the manure, only 1 specimen of each of the first 2 species and none of the third were found attached to a house fly. In a comparison of the behavior of macrochelids from laboratory colonies, M. muscaedomesticae and M. subbadius were phoretic on the house fly and the other 3 species were not.
Two Theorems in the Geometry of Continuously Turning Curves

(1908). Two Theorems in the Geometry of Continuously Turning Curves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 100-105.
Synchronous parallel spatially resolved stochastic cluster dynamics

Abstract In this study, a spatially resolved stochastic cluster dynamics (SRSCD) model for radiation damage accumulation in metals is implemented using a synchronous parallel kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. The parallel algorithm is shown to significantly increase the size of representative volumes achievable in SRSCD simulations of radiation damage accumulation. Weak scaling performance of the method is tested in two cases: (1) an idealized case of Frenkel pair diffusion and annihilation, and (2) a characteristic example problem including defect cluster formation and growth in α -Fe. For the latter case, weak scaling is tested using both Frenkel pair and displacement cascade damage. To improve scaling of simulations with cascade damage, an explicit cascade implantation scheme is developed for cases in which fast-moving defects are created in displacement cascades. For the first time, simulation of radiation damage accumulation in nanopolycrystals can be achieved with a three dimensional rendition of the microstructure, allowing demonstration of the effect of grain size on defect accumulation in Frenkel pair-irradiated α -Fe.
Investigation on the Phase Transformation Mechanism in Synthesizing Spinel LiMn_2O_4 by In-situ XRD

By in-situ high-temperature XRD,the phase transformation mechanism in synthesizing spinel LiMn2O4 was studied.The optimum temperature interval was determined to synthesis spinel LiMn2O4.The lattice parameters of spinel LiMn2O4 obtained at different temperatures were calculated.It was found that the lattice parameter "a" was linear to heat temperature.
Perceptual determinants of Pap test up-to-date status among minority women.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To determine whether African American and Latina women were up-to-date on getting an annual Pap test and whether behavioral, normative, and control beliefs differed among women who were up-to-date versus women who were not. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational. SETTING: Urban, community-based agencies located within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. SAMPLE: 204 African American and Latina women. METHODS: Data were collected using an investigator-developed questionnaire to measure behavioral, normative, and control beliefs, and a demographic assessment survey was used to measure up-to-date status. FINDINGS: African American women who were up-to-date on annual Pap tests were more likely to report behavioral beliefs about the characteristics and actions of the physician and were less concerned about the Pap test experience. They were more likely to report normative beliefs concerning the approval of their parents, friends, doctor, family, and mother. African American women also were more likely to report control beliefs concerning choice of a doctor and having access to screening and free screening. The women who were up-to-date were less concerned about needing information or reminders regarding annual screening than those who were not up-to-date. Latina women who were up-to-date on annual Pap tests were more likely to report behavioral beliefs about the benefits of Pap tests and were less concerned about the Pap test experience. They were more likely to report normative beliefs concerning the approval of their mother, doctor, parents, spouse/significant other, and friends. Latinas also were more likely to report control beliefs concerning the need for family assistance, have access to screening, receive reminders, and have a female doctor than those who were not up-to-date. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Differences within and between ethnic groups justify the need for culturally specific interventions and patient education geared toward promoting regular Pap test screening.
Vapor Pressures and Heats of Vaporization for Propane and Propene from 50 K to the Normal Boiling Point

The purpose of this paper is to report calculations of the vapor pressure and heat of vaporization (sublimation) for propane and propene for the temperature interval from 50 K to the respective normal boiling points. The calculation represents a numerical integration of the Clapeyron equation. Physical property data required in the calculation were chosen after a review of published experimental work and property tabulations. Comparison of vapor pressures calculated in this work with experimental vapor-pressure values have been made for liquid propane and propene from the normal boiling point to the lowest measured values reported. Vapor-pressure data for solid propane or propene have not been previously reported.
The English Novel: Modernism and After

By the time Woolf published Mrs Dalloway in 1925, the English novel appeared to have come to a simultaneous fruition and dissolution that paralleled that of the liberal society on which it was based. Throughout the nineteenth century the novel had been one of the chief ways through which European society both explored the meaning, and affirmed the value, of what Lionel Trilling describes as liberalism’s chief tenet, ‘the value of individual existence in all its variousness, complexity, and difficulty’.1 With the new century the novel itself became an embodiment of that ideal. The late style of Henry James, so demanding to read that one is flattered by his sense of one’s adequacy to it, provided an expression of a more far-ranging liberalism, of a greater generosity of spirit, than any society could hope to reach in practice. And with that style what Lawrence called ‘the one bright book of life’2 achieved a peculiar democratization of spirit. I say peculiar because it had nothing to do with the novel’s accessibility to the common reader, but depended instead upon the novelist’s declaration of his or her own independence, the right to choose whatever subject matter or prose style he or she wanted, even the right to make the novel readable only by the fit and the few.
Efficient Execution of Dataflows on Parallel and Heterogeneous Environments

Current advances in computer architectures have transformed clusters, traditional high performance distributed platforms, into hierarchical environments, where each node has multiple heterogeneous processing units including accelerators such as GPUs. Although parallel heterogeneous environments are getting common, their efficient use is still an open problem. Current tools for development of parallel applications are mainly concerning with the exclusive use of accelerators, while we argue that the adequate coordination of heterogeneous computing cores can significantly improve performance. Our approach to efficiently use such environments, which is experimented in the context of replicated dataflow applications, consists of scheduling processing tasks according to their characteristics and to the processors specificities. Thus, we can better utilize the available hardware as we try to execute each task into the best-suited processor for it. The proposed approach has been evaluated using two applications, for which there were previously available CPU-only and GPU-only implementations. The experimental results show that using both devices simultaneously can improve the performance significantly, moreover, the proposed method doubled the performance of a demand driven approach that utilizes both CPU and GPU, on the two applications in several scenarios.