cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intervention Research in Late-Life Depression: Challenges and Opportunities.

Our Reference: AMGP 542 P-authorquery-v8 AUTHOR QUERY FORM Journal: AMGP Article Number: 542 Please e-mail your responses and any corrections to: E-mail: stoverk@elsevier.com Dear Author, Please check your proof carefully and mark all corrections at the appropriate place in the proof (e.g., by using on-screen annotation in the PDF file) or compile them in a separate list. To ensure fast publication of your paper please return your corrections within 48 hours. For correction or revision of any artwork, please consult http://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions. We were unable to process your file(s) fully electronically and have proceeded by Scanning (parts of) your article Rekeying (parts of) your article Scanning the artwork Any queries or remarks that have arisen during the processing of your manuscript are listed below and high- lighted by flags in the proof. Click on the ‘Q’ link to go to the location in the proof. Location in article Query / Remark: click on the Q link to go Please insert your reply or correction at the corresponding line in the proof Q1 Please confirm that given names and surnames have been identified correctly and are presented in the desired order. Q2 Your article is registered as a regular item and is being processed for inclusion in a regular issue of the journal. If this is NOT correct and your article belongs to a Special Issue/ Collection please contact immediately prior to returning your corrections. Q3 Verify running title as added or provide one. Q4 Abstract and keywords have been deleted as per editorial style. Q5 Please check all website addresses and confirm that they are correct. (Please note that it is the responsibility of the author(s) to ensure that all URLs given in this article are correct and useable.) Q6 Add complete ref to the ref list and provide numbered ref here? Q7 Ref number? Q8 Define/spell out ECT PRIDE and rTMS, tDCS, and DBS. Q9 Direct quotes need to have a ref cite – verify as edited. Q10 Spelling differs from ref list – pls advise. Q11 Please provide the grant number for ‘Forest Research Institute’ if any. Q12 Please provide the grant number for ‘Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation’ if any. Q13 Please confirm article title and pub_year are correct for ref. 3. Q14 Please Provide volume number and page range for ref. 6. Thank you for your assistance.
Pattern tree algebras: sets or sequences?

XML and XQuery semantics are very sensitive to the order of the produced output. Although pattern-tree based algebraic approaches are becoming more and more popular for evaluating XML, there is no universally accepted technique which can guarantee both a correct output order and a choice of efficient alternative plans.We address the problem using hybrid collections of trees that can be either sets or sequences or something in between. Each such collection is coupled with an Ordering Specification that describes how the trees are sorted (full, partial or no order). This provides us with a formal basis for developing a query plan having parts that maintain no order and parts with partial or full order.It turns out that duplicate elimination introduces some of the same issues as order maintenance: it is expensive and a single collection type does not always provide all the flexibility required to optimize this properly. To solve this problem we associate with each hybrid collection a Duplicate Specification that describes the presence or absence of duplicate elements in it. We show how to extend an existing bulk tree algebra, TLC [12], to use Ordering and Duplicate specifications and produce correctly ordered results. We also suggest some optimizations enabled by the flexibility of our approach, and experimentally demonstrate the performance increase due to them.
FLP in the Black

In Estate of Black, because the Tax Court held the Blacks' transfers fell within the bona fide sales exception of section 2036, they were successful at avoiding the application of the provision. Thus, they were able to obtain valuation discounts for their transfers of property (mostly marketable securities) to their son and grandchildren. The court also decided the marital trust funding valuation date issue in the executor's favor and allowed almost half of the claimed administrative expense deductions.
Performance evaluation based on multiple attributes with nonparametric frontiers

Abstract Performance rating and comparison of a group of entities is frequently based on the values of several attributes. Such evaluations are often complicated by the absence of a natural or obvious way to weight the importance of the individual dimensions of the performance. This paper proposes a framework based on nonparametric frontiers to rate and classify entities described by multiple performance attributes into ‘performers’ and ‘underperformers’. The method is equivalent to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with entities defined only by outputs. In the spirit of DEA, the weights for each attribute are selected to maximize each entity’s performance score. This approach, however, results in a new linear program that is more direct and intuitive than traditional DEA formulations. The model can be easily understood and interpreted by practitioners since it conforms better to the practice of evaluating and comparing performance using standard specifications. We illustrate the model’s use with two examples. The first evaluates the performance of employees. The second is an application in manufacturing where multiple quality attributes are used to assess and compare performance of different manufacturing processes.
Synthesis and structure of [Mn6O2(O2CPh)10(EtOH)4(H2O)] ·. EtOH, a manganese aggregate containing three types of benzoate ligation. Isomerism in [Mn6O2(O2CPh)10] complexes

Abstract The reaction of Mn(O2CPh)2·.4H2O with KMnO4 in warm ethanol in the presence of benzoic acid has been found to give, in addition to the previously reported “manganic benzoate”, the new hexanuclear mixed-valence manganese cluster [Mn6O2 (O2CPh)10(EtOH)4(H2O)]·.EtOH (1) in 40% yield. X-ray crystal structure determination at −172°C shows that the complex contains a distorted [MnII4MnIII2O2]10+ core and, in addition to terminal EtOH and H2O groups, three different types of benzoate ligation viz. μ3-bridging, μ2-bridging and monodentate terminal forms.
Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of paraquat accumulation in mouse brain

Paraquat (PQ) is a potential human neurotoxicant and is used in models of oxidative stress. We determined the toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of PQ in adult mouse brain following repeated or prolonged PQ exposure. PQ accumulated in different brain regions and reached a plateau after approximately 18 i.p. (10 mg/kg) doses and resulted in modest morbidity and mortality unpredictably associated with dose interval and number. PQ had divergent effects on horizontal locomotor behavior depending on the number of doses. PQ decreased striatal dopamine levels after the 18th to 36th i.p. dose (10 mg/kg) and reduced the striatal level of tyrosine hydroxylase. Drinking water exposure to PQ (0.03- 0.05 mg/ml) did not result in any mortality and resulted in concentration and time dependent levels in the brain. The brain half-life of PQ varied with mouse strain. PQ accumulates and may saturate a site in mouse brain resulting in complex PQ level and duration-related consequences. These findings should alter our risk assessment of this compound and demonstrate a useful, but complex dynamic model for understanding the consequences of PQ in the brain.
P-TEN, the tumor suppressor from human chromosome 10q23, is a dual-specificity phosphatase

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) have long been thought to play a role in tumor suppression due to their ability to antagonize the growth promoting protein tyrosine kinases. Recently, a candidate tumor suppressor from 10q23, termed P-TEN, was isolated, and sequence homology was demonstrated with members of the PTP family, as well as the cytoskeletal protein tensin. Here we show that recombinant P-TEN dephosphorylated protein and peptide substrates phosphorylated on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, indicating that P-TEN is a dual-specificity phosphatase. In addition, P-TEN exhibited a high degree of substrate specificity, showing selectivity for extremely acidic substrates in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mutations in P-TEN, identified from primary tumors, tumor cells lines, and a patient with Bannayan–Zonana syndrome, resulted in the ablation of phosphatase activity, demonstrating that enzymatic activity of P-TEN is necessary for its ability to function as a tumor suppressor.
CPMC: An Efficient Proximity Malware Coping Scheme in Smartphone-based Mobile Networks

Smartphones are envisioned to provide promising applications and services. At the same time, smartphones are also increasingly becoming the target of malware. Many emerging malware can utilize the proximity of devices to propagate in a distributed manner, thus remaining unobserved and making detections substantially more challenging. Different from existing malware coping schemes, which are either totally centralized or purely distributed, we propose a Community-based Proximity Malware Coping scheme, CPMC. CPMC utilizes the social community structure, which reflects a stable and controllable granularity of security, in smartphone-based mobile networks. The CPMC scheme integrates short-term coping components, which deal with individual malware, and long-term evaluation components, which offer vulnerability evaluation towards individual nodes. A closeness-oriented delegation forwarding scheme combined with a community level quarantine method is proposed as the short-term coping components. These components contain a proximity malware by quickly propagating the signature of a detected malware into all communities while avoiding unnecessary redundancy. The long-term components offer vulnerability evaluation towards neighbors, based on the observed infection history, to help users make comprehensive communication decisions. Extensive real- and synthetic-trace driven simulation results are presented to to evaluate the effectiveness of CPMC.
The Structure and Temporal Stability of Jupiter's Zonal Winds: A Study of the North Tropical Region

This paper investigates possible long-term zonal wind variations using Voyager (1979), Hubble Space Telescope (HST; 1995, 1997, 1998), and Galileo Orbiter (1997) data that has all been processed and analyzed in the same manner for consistency. Previous attempts to measure the zonal wind profile in Voyager data had yielded inconsistent results for the maximum eastward jet near 23.7° N latitude from different studies (A. P. Ingersoll et al., 1979, Nature280, 773–775; ibid 1981, J. Geophys. Res.86, 8733–8743; T. Maxworthy 1984, Planet. Space Sci.32, 1053–1058; S. Limaye 1986, Icarus65, 335–352). This paper compares previous measurements and includes new independent analysis to conclude that the correct wind jet velocity at the time of Voyager is close to 182 m s−1, most consistent with the reported results of Maxworthy (1984). In the data sets from different epochs the overall shape of the wind profile and locations of the prograde and retrograde jets remain constant, but there are amplitude changes at a few latitudes. The largest velocity deviations between the Voyager and the 1995–1997 HST profiles occurred in the maximum eastward jet, near 23.7° N, and at 6° S and 20° S planetographic latitude. Possible causes for an apparent zonal wind decrease were explored using Galileo visible and HST near-infrared data, and the wind velocity change was determined to be real. A very definite change in cloud structure and brightness has also occurred at 23.7° N. Additionally, surface brightness changes seen at 6° S and 20° S also correlated with changes in wind speed. HST WFPC2 data obtained in 1998 showed the recovery of the 23.7° N region to a Voyager-like appearance and an increase in wind velocity to the Voyager value.
Association between glycated hemoglobin and health utility for Type 1 diabetes.

Cost-effectiveness models for diabetes link glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to diabetes-related complications. Independent of diabetes-related complications, there is little known on the association between HbA1c and health utility scores. This link can alter the cost effectiveness of interventions designed to improve HbA1c. The cross-sectional relationship between HbA1c and health utility scores in adult type 1 diabetes patients was estimated after adjusting for diabetes-related complications. The EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) questionnaire and an ad hoc survey requesting demographic information and adherence to glucose monitoring therapies was administered to adult type 1 diabetes patients during a clinic visit and combined with clinical medical record data. Health utility scores were derived using the US time-tradeoff valuation of the EQ-5D. Linear regression was used to estimate the relationship between HbA1c and utility, adjusting for treatments, demographics, and diabetes-related complications. Among 176 patients, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 38 (12.2) years, duration of disease was 22 (12.1) years, and number of chronic conditions other than type 1 diabetes was 2.7 (2.0). Unadjusted mean (SD) utility was 0.94 (0.09) for those with HbA1c levels <7 % (n = 54), 0.89 (0.15) for those with HbA1c ≥ 7 % (n = 122), and 0.91 (0.14) for all patients. After adjustment, a 1 % absolute increase in HbA1c was associated with a disutility of −0.03 (95 % confidence interval [CI] −0.049, −0.006). Findings suggest that, after adjusting for diabetes-related complications, higher HbA1c levels are associated with a significant health disutility. Pending additional data from longitudinal studies, these findings could be used in cost-effectiveness evaluations of type 1 diabetes interventions that impact HbA1c.
Strain and electric field modulation of the electronic structure of bilayer graphene

We study how the electronic structure of the bilayer graphene (BLG) is changed by electric field and strain from ab initio density-functional calculations using the linear muffin-tin orbital and the linear augmented plane wave methods. Both hexagonal and Bernal stacked structures are considered. We only consider interplanar strain where only the interlayer spacing is changed. The BLG is a zero-gap semiconductor like the isolated layer of graphene. We find that while strain alone does not produce a gap in the BLG, an electric field does so in the Bernal structure but not in the hexagonal structure. The topology of the bands leads to Dirac circles with linear dispersion in the case of the hexagonally stacked BLG due to the interpenetration of the Dirac cones, while for the Bernal stacking, the dispersion is quadratic. The size of the Dirac circle increases with the applied electric field, leading to an interesting way of controlling the Fermi surface. The external electric field is screened due to polarization charges between the layers, leading to a reduced size of the band gap and the Dirac circle. The screening is substantial in both cases and diverges for the Bernal structure for small fields as has been noted by earlier authors. As a biproduct of this work, we present the tight-binding parameters for the free-standing single layer graphene as obtained by fitting to the density-functional bands, both with and without the slope constraint for the Dirac cone and keeping the hopping integral up to four near neighbors.
Sleep disturbance in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A comparison with non-PTSD insomnia.

Sleep disturbances, including repetitive nightmares and insomnia, are central and long-lasting aspects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This study utilized a questionnaire to compare sleep disturbance in Vietnam War combat veterans having PTSD with non-PTSD patients having insomnia without other PTSD symptoms. The PTSD group reported symptoms of anxiety, agitation and concurrent body movement which were associated with insomnia. Nightmares of this group were more repetitive and more disruptive of a return to sleep than the non-PTSD insomnia group. The PTSD group also reported more fatigue during daytime functioning and more anxiety during waking hours than the non-PTSD insomnia group.
Nodulation potential of soils from red alder stands covering a wide age range

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) stands in the Pacific Northwest are the common first stage in succession following disturbance. These stands are highly productive and contribute a large amount of N to the soils as a result of their N2-fixing symbiosis with Frankia. As these alder stands age, the soils not only increase in total N, but concentrations of NO 3 − increase and pH decreases as a result of nitrification. The objective of this study was to determine how the nodulation capacity of Frankia varies as red alder stands age and if differences in nodulation capacity are related to changes in soil properties. Nodulation capacity was determined by a red alder seedling bioassay for soils from red alder stands in the Oregon coast range covering a wide range of ages. Six chronosequences were sampled, each containing a young, an intermediate, and an older alder stand. Soil total N, total C, NO 3 − , NH 4 + , and pH were measured on the same soil samples. These factors as well as alder stand characteristics were compared with nodulation capacity in an attempt to identify soil characteristics typical in developing alder stands that most strongly affect nodulation capacity. Soil pH and NO 3 − concentration were highly correlated with nodulation capacity and with each other. Cluster analysis of the sites using these two variables identified two groups with distinctly different nodulation capacities. The cluster with the higher nodulation capacity was lower in NO 3 − and higher in pH than the other cluster, which included the majority of sites. There was substantial overlap in the age ranges for the two clusters and there was no significant correlation between age and nodulation capacity. Thus nodulation capacity appears to be most closely related to soil properties than to stand age.
EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR FOR A SINGLE PELLET DURING ETHANE HYDROGENOLYSIS

Two point orthogonal collocation is used to determine the internal temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the internal effectiveness factor, for a 0.79 cm single nickel/alumina catalyst pellet during ethane hydrogenolysis. The pellet is used in interphase heat transfer studies where the average pellet temperature is measured magnetically. The measured average solid temperature allows the parallel determination of internal and external effectiveness factors. The computed intraparticle temperature profile is used to estimate the solid surface temperature needed to calculate a precise driving force for solid-gas heat transfer. The intraparticle temperature rises are a small fraction of the interphase temperature gradients (usually <5%), which facilitates the study of interphase transport. In addition, a method lo estimate the internal effectiveness factor without the explicit use of the preexponential factor is demonstrated.
Adaptive color visualization for dichromats using a customized hierarchical palette

We propose a user-centric methodology for displaying digital color documents, that optimizes color representations in an observer specific and adaptive fashion. We apply our framework to situations involving viewers with common dichromatic color vision deficiencies, who face challenges in perceiving information presented in color images and graphics designed for color normal individuals. For situations involving qualitative data visualization, we present a computationally efficient solution that combines a customized observer-specific hierarchical palette with "display time" selection of the number of colors to generate renderings with colors that are easily discriminated by the intended viewer. The palette design is accomplished via a clustering algorithm, that arranges colors in a hierarchical tree based on their perceived differences for the intended viewer. A desired number of highly discriminable colors are readily obtained from the hierarchical palette via a simple truncation. As an illustration, we demonstrate the application of the methodology to Ishihara style images.
The effect of latency on user performance in Real-Time Strategy games

Latency on the Internet is a well-known problem for interactive applications. The growth in interactive network games brings an increased importance in understanding the effects of latency on user performance. Classes of network games such as First Person Shooters (FPS) and Real-Time Strategy (RTS) differ in their user interaction model and hence susceptibility to latency. While previous work has measured the effects of latency on FPS games, there has been no systematic investigation of the effects of latency on RTS games. In this work, we design and conduct user studies that measure the impact of latency on user performance on three of the most popular RTS games. As a foundation for the research, we separated typical RTS user interactions into the basic components of explore, build and combat, and analyzed each individually. We find modest statistical correlations between user performance and latency for exploration, but very weak correlations for building and combat. Overall, the effect of even very high latency, while noticeable to users, has a negligible effect on the outcome of the game. We attribute this somewhat surprising result to the nature of RTS game play that clearly favors strategy over the real-time aspects.
Simultaneous and Accurate Determination of One-Bond 15N−13C‘ and Two-Bond 1HN−13C‘ Dipolar Couplings

Using the echo−anti-echo manipulation, the 15N−1HN cross-peaks split in the E.COSY spectrum by the 13CO couplings are separated into different, distinct regions in the HSQC spectrum. From this novel E.COSY 15N−1HN HSQC spectrum, the small one-bond 15N−13C‘ and two-bond 1HN−13C‘ residual dipolar couplings can be extracted easily and accurately. These dipolar couplings provide a set of important long-range constraints for protein structure determination.
Evaluation of the process observer method: Group leader, member, and observer perspectives

Abstract Previous research indicates that the presence of an observer my be disruptive for group members and leaders, whereas anecdotal reports suggest that the presence of a process observer is minimally disruptive. This study evaluated the process observer method of group training from the perspective of 20 leaders, 38 members, and 11 observers. Results indicated that process observers were not a focus of their respective group and only minimally affected its content and process. Members and leaders reported minimal verbal and nonverbal awareness of the process observers. Process observers reported that they found the experience useful for their development as group leaders.
An emergency hydrocolloid unit

Except for the inconvenience of liquifying the material in some other place, the described setup is almost as convenient as a regular hydrocolloid unit. The chief disadvantage is that the small tanks will hold only about three regular tubes of material at a time.
Groundwater residence times and recharge rates using a discrete-state compartment model and 14C data

Abstract In the absence of pure piston-flow, the 14 C decay ages of groundwater can be related to groundwater residence times only in the context of a flow or mixing model. Discrete-state compartment models offer a means of constructing flow models that can simulate flow regimes ranging from pure piston-flow to perfect mixing and can thus be used to relate 14 C decay ages to residence times. A three-dimensional steady-state flow model of a portion of the Tucson Basin aquifer, south-central Arizona, U.S.A., was constructed using the theory of discrete-state compartment models and calibrated with the spatial distribution of adjusted 14 C decay ages. The model provides estimates of groundwater residence times (about 100–15,000 yr.), vertical flow in the aquifer and long-term average annual recharge (0.048 km 3 ). Although the amount of time spanned by the model is long and presents problems with respect to the constancy of hydrologic processes, it may suggest a novel use for such models: that of delineating the paleohydrology of a particular region.
Supply Chain Coordination for Port Sustainability: Lessons for New Institutional Designs

The rapid expansion of trade and the intense pace of the economic activities of ports pose numerous social and environmental challenges, and thus put port hinterland regions at risk and challenge traditional port business models. Few studies have examined the conceptual and empirical issues involved in improving port sustainability, although port sustainability issues have recently been discussed with some urgency in the goods movement sector. This paper sets out a conceptual model of port sustainability, presents and examines multiple concepts of supply chains surrounding port activity, and identifies both institutional barriers and supply chain bottlenecks. Three different supply chain concepts for seaports are discussed: physical infrastructure chain, economic value chain, and institutional chain. Rather than a narrow focus on an individual port's operational aspects, broader, more systematic supply chain perspectives on cargo movement systems are essential to introduce port sustainability effectively ...
Educational and occupational aspirations of rural high school students

Rural students, in comparison to their urban counterparts, have had unique circumstances to contend with when making decisions about education and careers. Reduced accessibility to higher education, narrow rural school curricula, limited exposure to the world of occupations and few role models have been major limitations. It is not surprising that early studies of students' aspirations revealed a considerable difference between rural and urban high school students in plans to go on to some form of post-high school education (Middleton & Grigg, 1959; Sewell & Orenstein, 1965). A greater percentage of urban students, males and females, planned on attending college than rural students. However, that gap has been closing; data collected in the late sixties (Schwarzweller, 1976) indicated a trend toward aspiring to further education beyond high school in rural males and females. That trend continued through the seventies and early eighties (Chu & Culbertson, 1983; Dunne, Elliott & Carlson, 1981; Kammer, 1985) with increasing numbers of young rural men and women aspiring to further education after high school graduation. Dunne, et al. (1981) and Thomas and Falk (1978) reported an increase in numbers of these young people aspiring to higher level jobs as well. So, in view of the increases in educational and occupational aspirations of rural youth, the limitations on rural students listed above are better addressed today or perhaps less related to aspirations than we believe. The agriculture crisis of the 1980s and the downturn in energy
RESPONSE OF IgG SUBCLASS DEFICIENT PATIENTS TO H. INFLUENZA TYPE b POLYRIBOSE PHOSPHATE (PRP) DIPHTHERIA TOXOID CONJUGATE (PRP-D) VACCINE

The efficacy of PRP-D vaccine in young infants has been documented in previous studies. We now report the response of patients with IgG subclass deficiency (GSD) to a single immunization with PRP-D. Patients with GSD ranging in age from 6 to 10 years were given a single i.m. dose of 20 μg PRP-D. Total serum anti-PRP antibody levels were determined using a modified Farr assay and radiolabeled PRP. Four patients with GSD and no major abnormalities in B- and T-cell subsets or in vitro mitogen stimulation had a mean preimmunization anti-PRP level of 1.61 μg/ml which rose to 22.6 μg/ml 3-4 weeks after immunization. The mean increase in anti-PRP for 3 patients with IgG2 deficiency was 18.8 μg/ml. Two patients with IgA and IgG2 deficiency responded with post-immunization anti-PRP levels of 10.8 and 40 μg/ml. Both of these patients failed to respond to immunization with a polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PS) vaccine. One patient with isolated IgG3 deficiency responded normally to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, to 3 of 4 pneumococcal serotypes tested, and had a rise of anti-PRP antibody from 0.6 to 28.4 μg/ml. A fifth patient with common variable immunodeficiency had no response to immunization with any of the above vaccines. These data suggest that protein conjugate vaccines may lead to effective immunization of patients with defective PS antigen processing.
The analysis and characterization of the oil from the seed of stillingia sylvatica

The characteristics and composition of the oil characterize it as a drying oil. Its high iodine value indicates that it may be suitably used for paints and varnishes and other products requiring a drying oil. The oil dried readily when spread on a glass plate in from 4–6 hours.
Parallel algorithms/architectures for neural networks

This paper advocates digital VLSI architectures for implementing a wide variety of artificial neural networks (ANNs). A programmable systolic array is proposed, which maximizes the strength of VLSI in terms of intensive and pipelined computing and yet circumvents the limitation on communication. The array is meant to be more general purpose than most other ANN architectures proposed. It may be used for a variety of algorithms in both the retrieving and learning phases of ANNs: e.g., single layer feedback networks, competitive learning networks, and multilayer feed-forward networks. A unified approach to modeling of existing neural networks is proposed. This unified formulation leads to a basic structure for a universal simulation tool and neurocomputer architecture. Fault-tolerance approach and partitioning scheme for large or non-homogeneous networks are also proposed. Finally, the implementations based on commercially available VLSI chips (e.g., Inmos T800) and custom VLSI technology are discussed in great detail.
Philosophy of Humor

Humor is a surprisingly understudied topic in philosophy. However, there has been a flurry of interest in the subject over the past few decades. This article outlines the major theories of humor. It argues for the need for more publications on humor by philosophers. More specifically, it suggests that humor may not be a well-understood phenomenon by questioning a widespread consensus in recent publications – namely, that humor can be detached from laughter. It is argued that this consensus relies on a cognitivist account of emotion, one that is open to debate, and that it becomes unclear what sorts of phenomena a theory of humor is supposed to explain when one questions this assumption.
The relationship between Medicare's process of care quality measures and mortality.

Using Medicare inpatient claims and Hospital Compare process of care quality data from the period 2004–2006, we estimate two model specifications to test for the presence of correlational and causal relationships between hospital process of care performance measures and risk-adjusted (RA) 30-day mortality for heart attack, heart failure, and pneumonia. Our analysis indicates that while Hospital Compare process performance measures are correlated with 30-day mortality for each diagnosis, after we account for unobserved heterogeneity, process of care performance is no longer associated with mortality for any diagnosis. This suggests that the relationship between hospital-level process of care performance and mortality is not causal. Implications for pay-for-performance are discussed.
Zeeman-tuned slowing of rubidium using σ+ and σ− polarized light

Abstract Experimental results are presented for Zeeman-tuned slowing of an atomic rubidium beam in both the σ + and σ − polarized light configurations. A model of Zeeman slowing is applied to ideal magnetic fields, realistic fields, and the actual measured fields in order to clarify the similarities and differences between σ + and σ − slowing. The dependence of the final slowed velocity on the laser frequency detuning is studied and good agreement is found between the experimental results and both computer simulations and approximate analytic expressions.
Abstract B07: Loss of LKB1 promotes CXCL8 production via NF-κB and WNT signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells.

Loss of LKB1/STK11 , a tumor suppressor gene, characterizes 5-39% of primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In a murine model of lung carcinogenesis with inducible KRAS activation, concurrent mutation of LKB1 ( KrasG12D, Lkb1-/- ) yields a higher frequency of NSCLC tumors and metastasis compared to KRAS mutation only. In vitro studies have shown that following LKB1 loss, tumor cells acquire increased migration and invasion through activation of the SRC kinase family. Although these previous findings offer a possible explanation for LKB1 -dependent tumor progression, few mechanisms have been proposed to delineate how LKB1 deficiency contributes to pulmonary carcinogenesis. In this study, we utilize human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) immortalized in the absence of viral onco-proteins that represent a useful model to study the early events of lung carcinogenesis. Knockdown of LKB1 in HBECs (LKB1-KD HBECs) leads to numerous cancer-associated phenotypes, including increased proliferation (when combined with KRAS mutation), preference for glycolytic metabolism and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. More importantly, LKB1-KD HBECs secrete higher levels of multiple inflammatory factors, most prominent of which is the pro-angiogenic chemokine CXCL8. By binding to its membrane receptors CXCR1/2 which are universally expressed by neutrophils, macrophages, endothelial cells and pulmonary epithelial cells, CXCL8 is associated with chemotaxis, angiogenesis, tumorigenicity and metastasis. Our data indicate that knockdown of LKB1 in HBECs leads to transcriptional upregulation and elevated secretion of CXCL8. Moreover, the NF-κB and WNT pathways are activated and mediate the increased release of CXCL8 following LKB1 loss in HBECs. Conversely, re-introduction of wildtype LKB1 in LKB1-null NSCLC tumor cells decreases CXCL8 production and reduces NF-κB and WNT signaling activity. These findings suggest that LKB1 deficiency drives augmentation of CXCL8 in the developing tumor microenvironment via LKB1-dependent NF-κB and WNT signaling in HBECs. In future functional studies, we will determine if the LKB1-CXCL8 axis yields LKB1-dependent angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Delineating the contribution of LKB1 to these malignant phenotypes may yield a more thorough understanding of the pathogenesis of NSCLC, which is needed to create a pathway for the application of novel early detection and chemoprevention strategies. NIH/NCI #U01CA152751 (SMD, TCW), NCI #U01CA152751-S1 (SMD, TCW), NCI #U01CA152751-AS (SMD, KK), NCI SPORE #P50CA70907 (JDM, JEL) Citation Format: RUI LI, Tonya C. Walser, Kostyantyn Krysan, David Shackelford, Jill E. Larsen, John D. Minna, Steven M. Dubinett. Loss of LKB1 promotes CXCL8 production via NF-κB and WNT signaling in human bronchial epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-IASLC Joint Conference on Molecular Origins of Lung Cancer; 2014 Jan 6-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2014;20(2Suppl):Abstract nr B07.
Rahel Hutmachers Schriften ‐ Botschaften aus dem Bereich des Unbewußten

Sur l'oeuvre encore peu connue de la poetesse suisse Rahel Hutmachers : imaginaire feminin, visions utopiques et inconscient
Reporting fine-needle aspirates of breast: a survey of preferences among surgeons.

Background The optimal format for reporting results of breast fine-needle aspiration cytology is controversial, with some experts favoring a five-category system and others recommending a four-category format. Methods A survey of 200 surgeons was performed to determine their preference for a four- or five-category report format. They were also questioned concerning the number of patients per year in whom they diagnosed breast cancer, if they used fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) regularly, and why they favored one category over the other. Results Eighty-five complete responses were received. Fifty-eight percent of these surgeons (49) routinely used FNAC for the diagnosis of breast nodules. There was no strong preference for either report format. Twenty-four of 49 routine users of FNAC favored a four-category format, and another four had no preference. Conclusion Surgeons who routinely used FNAC in the diagnosis of breast disease do not have a preference for the five-category probabilistic system.
Evidence implicating the Ras pathway in multiple CD28 costimulatory functions in CD4+ T cells.

CD28 costimulation is a critical event in the full activation of CD4+ T cells that augments cytokine gene transcription, promotes cytokine mRNA stability, prevents induction of anergy, increases cellular metabolism, and increases cell survival. However, despite extensive biochemical analysis of the signaling events downstream of CD28, molecular pathways sufficient to functionally replace the diverse aspects of CD28-mediated costimulation in normal T cells have not been identified. Ras/MAPK signaling is a critical pathway downstream of T cell receptor stimulation, but its role in CD28-mediated costimulation has been controversial. We observed that physiologic CD28 costimulation caused a relocalization of the RasGEF RasGRP to the T cell-APC interface by confocal microscopy. In whole cell biochemical analysis, CD28 cross-linking with either anti-CD28 antibody or B7.1-Ig augmented TCR-induced Ras activation. To determine whether Ras signaling was sufficient to functionally mimic CD28 costimulation, we utilized an adenoviral vector encoding constitutively active H-Ras (61L) to transduce normal, Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) transgenic CD4+ T cells. Like costimulation via CD28, active Ras induced AKT, JNK and ERK phosphorylation. In addition, constitutive Ras signaling mimicked the ability of CD28 to costimulate IL-2 protein secretion, prevent anergy induction, increase glucose uptake, and promote cell survival. Importantly, we also found that active Ras mimicked the mechanism by which CD28 costimulates IL-2 production: by increasing IL-2 gene transcription, and promoting IL-2 mRNA stability. Finally, active Ras was able to induce IL-2 production when combined with ionomycin stimulation in a MEK-1-dependent fashion. Our results are consistent with a central role for Ras signaling in CD28-mediated costimulation.
Structural diversity among anti-p-azophenylarsonate monoclonal antibodies from A/J mice: Comparison of Id− and Id+ sequences

Amino acid sequence analyses were carried out on monoclonal anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies isolated from the ascites of mice carrying cell lines obtained from the fusion of A/J splenic lymphocytes with the myeloma cell line Sp2/0–Ag14. The partial primary structures of both heavy and light chains from seven idiotype negative hybridoma proteins are compared to those of six idiotype positive molecules. Amino-terminal amino acid sequences (40–47 residues) of heavy chains from molecules bearing the major cross-reacting idiotype, IdCR, demonstrated 95% homology to each other. Similarly, aminoterminal sequences of IdCR+light chains were homologous to each other. However, sequence variations were evident in individual antibodies in both framework and complementarity-determining regions, suggesting that a large family of molecules accounts for the major cross-reacting idiotype, as previously reported (Marshak-Rothstein et al., 1980b). Heavy and light chains from seven IdCR-negative monoclonal antibodies were subjected to amino-terminal (37–48 residues) amino acid sequence analysis. Four heavy chains were blocked to Edman degradation, but could be sequenced after enzymatic removal of the amino-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid residue. In comparison with IdCR-positive heavy chains, the IdCR-negative heavy chains demonstrate greater diversity in both framework and complementarity-determining regions, with several different subgroups represented in contrast to the results from pooled serum IdCR-positive antibodies (Capra et al., 1975). One of the seven IdCR-negative light chains was blocked. The sequences of the remaining IdCR-negative light chains exhibited marked variations in both framework and complementarity-determining regions, with different chain lengths in the first complementarity-determining region in several light chains. Comparisons between the amino-terminal sequences of IdCR-positive and IdCR-negative monoclonal antibodies suggest that specific sequences in the first complementarity-determining regions of both heavy and light chains are not sufficient to account for the major cross-reacting idiotype. The structural basis for IdCR in A/J mice is likely to be in other segments of the variable regions.
Tobacco industry scientific advisors: serving society or selling cigarettes?

According to industry documents, the tobacco industry has executed a "brilliantly conceived" strategy to "creat[e] doubt" in the public's mind about whether cigarette smoking is in fact a serious cause of disease. A component of this strategy has been the funding of scientific research "into the gaps in knowledge in the smoking controversy." Grant review and selection are performed by a group of independent scientists. Knowledgeable observers believe that the existence of this research funding program in general, and the Scientific Advisory Board in particular, is intended by the industry to reinforce doubts in the public mind about the severity of the hazards posed by smoking. Because the Advisory Board has never taken a public stance against the industry's position that the causal relationship between smoking and disease remains unproven, I polled these scientists to determine whether they believed that smoking is a cause of lung cancer. Despite repeated opportunities, only four of 13 board members resp...
Spaceborne lidar measurement accuracy - Simulation of aerosol, cloud, molecular density, and temperature retrievals

In connection with studies concerning the use of an orbiting optical radar (lidar) to conduct aerosol and cloud measurements, attention has been given to the accuracy with which lidar return signals could be measured. However, signal-measurement error is not the only source of error which can affect the accuracy of the derived information. Other error sources are the assumed molecular-density and atmospheric-transmission profiles, and the lidar calibration factor (which relates signal to backscatter coefficient). The present investigation has the objective to account for the effects of all these errors sources for several realistic combinations of lidar parameters, model atmospheres, and background lighting conditions. In addition, a procedure is tested and developed for measuring density and temperature profiles with the lidar, and for using the lidar-derived density profiles to improve aerosol retrievals.
Detection of near-surface horizontal anisotropy in a weathered metamorphic schist at Llano Uplift (Texas) by transient electromagnetic induction

Abstract The use of transient controlled-source electromagnetic prospecting to detect buried, steeply dipping foliation in metamorphic rocks is illustrated with data acquired over the Precambrian Packsaddle schist in the Llano Uplift of central Texas. The azimuthal variation of the transient voltage at a given transmitter–receiver separation about a fixed central point is consistent with the forward model response of a homogeneous halfspace exhibiting horizontal electrical anisotropy. The loop–loop exploration configuration is ideally suited to probe horizontal anisotropy. A quantitative match of the forward response to the observed data produces reasonable electrical conductivity values and coefficient of anisotropy for resistive, crystalline geological materials. The most conductive direction consistently lies within a few degrees of the geologically mapped foliation strike direction. The electrical anisotropy is strongest below the near-surface weathered layer, within the more competent bedrock. The agent responsible for generating the anistropy cannot be definitively determined, because it is likely to be a combination of geological factors, such as weathering, compositional banding and microcracking, all of which enhance electrical conductivity parallel to the plane of foliation. The transient electromagnetics is supplemented by DC resistivity and seismic surveys. The elastic anisotropy is evident in the near-surface weathered layer, but it may not persist very deep into the underlying competent schist. The exposure of foliated schist at the surface is not sufficient to rule out a possible role for systematically aligned macrofracture sets as a secondary cause of the observed anisotropy.
SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE SPECTRA OF RETINAL SCHIFF BASES—I. MODELS FOR THE BATHOCHROMIC SHIFT OF THE CHROMOPHORE SPECTRUM IN VISUAL PIGMENTS*

— Retinylidine Schiff base spectra have been investigated in a variety of solvents that were chosen primarily to mimic possible environments of the chromophore in visual pigments. These studies have identified particular amino acid side chains which can have important influences on visual pigment spectra. Most amino acid side chain analogues or solvents which mimic the peptide bond environment have little effect on retinylidine Schiff base spectra. Tyrosine, tryptophan, and cysteine analogues and ionized aspartic and glutamic acid analogues produce pronounced red shifts in the spectra. As is explained in more detail in the following paper the presence of these amino acids in the chromophore “pocket” of the protein is sufficient to account for the spectra of many visual pigments. Calculations of the spectra of protonated Schiff bases under a variety of conditions have been considered in conjunction with the spectral data to provide a model for the nature of the chromophore interactions with its environment. In solution and in rhodopsin the protonated Schiff base linkage is likely to be associated with an anion. The presence of certain amino acid side chains along the remainder of the retinal chain in the protein can modify the spectrum by altering the polarizability and polarity of the environment. The polarity in the region of the ionone ring appears to be particularly important for shifting the spectrum. In solution the nucleophilicity of the solvent also has an important influence on the anion-protonated Schiff base region of the chromophore.
Effect of ionic and particulate platinum on the performance of large-aperture Nd:phosphate glass rod amplifiers

Particulate platinum (Pt) is well-known to cause damage in phosphate-based laser glass. Due to the high solubility of Pt in phosphate-based glasses, melters have been able to produce Pt- particulate free glass by converting the particulate to ionic Pt, which remains in the glass but does not cause damage. Unfortunately, the absorption of the ionic Pt that is primarily in the blue extends to approximately 600 nm in the visible. This absorption competes with the Nd+3 ions for pump photons. In relatively heavily Nd-doped (> 2 wt-%) elements such as disks and slabs there are sufficient Nd ions that this absorption does not cause a problem. The case for large rods is different: large clear-aperture rods require light Nd dopings in order to avoid radial gain variations. The ionic Pt can therefore seriously degrade performance both by decreasing gain and increasing heating of the host glass. This paper describes a series of calculations made that estimate the magnitude of this effect. Current production levels of ionic Pt are predicted to reduce the gain of a (phi) 90-mm, 0.55- wt-% doped rod by 10 - 15%. Results are presented for rods of diameters from 40 mm to 90 mm and for Nd dopings less than 1.0 wt-%.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.