cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Irreducible polynomials with several prescribed coefficients

Abstract We study the number of monic irreducible polynomials of degree n over F q having certain preassigned coefficients, where we assume that the constant term (if preassigned) is nonzero. Hansen and Mullen conjectured that for n ⩾ 3 , one can always find an irreducible polynomial with any one coefficient preassigned (regardless of the ground field F q ). Their conjecture was established in all but finitely many cases by Wan, and later resolved in full in work of Ham and Mullen. In this note, we present a new, explicit estimate for the number of irreducibles with several preassigned coefficients. One consequence is that for any ϵ > 0 , and all large enough n depending on ϵ, one can find a degree n monic irreducible with any ⌊ ( 1 − ϵ ) n ⌋ coefficients preassigned (uniformly in the choice of ground field F q ). For the proof, we adapt work of Katai and Harman on rational primes with preassigned digits.
Hematologic toxicity in radioimmunotherapy: dose-response relationships for I-131 labeled antibody therapy.

Bone marrow toxicity is generally dose-limiting for radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with β-emitting radionuclides. Treatment may be prescribed on the basis of administered activity or absorbed dose. An optimal definition of maximum tolerated dose will enable the clinical benefits of RIT to be maximized. Methods: We examined data from six clinical studies of RIT with various 131-I labeled antibodies and antibody fragments that treated a total of 114 patients. We also examined a sub-set of 36 patients with minimal prior chemotherapy who were treated with 131I-labeled intact murine IgG at a single institution. For both these groups the ability of absorbed dose-based methods to predict bone marrow tolerance was compared with that of activity-based methods. Results: Marrow toxicity was more accurately predicted by absorbed dose than by activity in the general case where a variety of different antibodies and antibody fragments were used. For the more homogeneous smaller group, well defined "dose-response" relationship...
A practical guide for implementing data warehousing

Data warehousing is a method by which an organization stores its data so that the information contained in that data can be ascertained, accessed and analyzed more quickly and efficiently than would be possible when using a conventional architecture. Multidimensional databases (MDD) provide an efficient means to analytical processing, but the cost is prohibitive for many small and mid-sized organizations. This paper addresses the need for an inexpensive solution to an information management problem that can be solved by database application developers using conventional tools. A relational database management system (RDBMS) can be used to emulate a MDD and still maintain an acceptable performance level in a client server environment.
Extending logistic regression to provide full‐probability‐distribution MOS forecasts

Statistical post-processing of dynamical forecasts, using the Model Output Statistics (MOS) approach, continues to be an essential component of weather forecasting. Even in the current era of ensemble forecasting, ensemble-MOS methods are used to transform raw ensemble forecasts into well-calibrated probability forecasts. Logistic regression has been found to be an especially useful method for this purpose for predictands, such as precipitation amounts, that are distinctly non-Gaussian. However, the usual implementation of logistic regression fits separate forecast equations for different predictand thresholds, yielding finite sets of threshold probabilities rather than full forecast probability distributions. Furthermore, these individual threshold probabilities are not constrained to be mutually consistent, so that negative probabilities may be implied for some ranges of the predictand. In this paper, logistic regressions are extended to yield full continuous, and coherent, probability distribution forecasts by including the predictand threshold itself as an additional predictor in the forecast equation. The procedure is illustrated using 6–10 day precipitation forecasts for a sample of locations in the U.S., drawn from the GFS reforecast dataset. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
The Cost of Exposing a Hydrophobic Loop and Implications for the Functional Role of 4.5 S RNA in the Escherichia coli Signal Recognition Particle

Abstract The signal recognition particle (SRP) is an RNA-protein complex that directs ribosomes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane by binding to targeting signals found on the nascent chain of proteins destined for export to the endoplasmic reticulum. We found evidence from studies with fragments of the protein component of the Escherichia coli SRP that a long hydrophobic loop (the so-called “finger loop”) is detrimental to the stability of its signal peptide-binding domain, the M domain. This hydrophobic loop is highly conserved and thus may have a critical role in the function of the SRP. Given our previously reported evidence that 4.5 S RNA stabilizes the tertiary fold of the M domain (Zheng, N., and Gierasch, L. M. (1997) Mol. Cell 1, 79–87), we now propose that the functional requirement for 4.5 S RNA resides in its ability to counteract the destabilizing influence of the finger loop.
Chemical weathering and lithologic controls of water chemistry in a high-elevation river system: Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone river, Wyoming and Montana

Seasonal analyses of surface water geochemistry were conducted in the Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone watershed to determine whole-rock weathering rates. The Clark's Fork of the Yellowstone is a high-elevation catchment with distinct bedrock lithologies. Using dissolved solute concentrations and stream flow data, we calculated cation denudation rates of 119 g m−2 yr−1 (65,900 eq ha−1 yr−1) for carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks, 16.6 g m−2 yr−1 (8200 eq ha−1 yr−1) for andesitic volcanics, and 9.8 g m−2 yr−1(5300 eq ha−1 yr−1) for granitic gneisses. Ca/Na ratios indicate that chemical weathering of disseminated calcite in granitic rocks contributes to the total solute load in these subcatchments. Removal of this c(2100 eq ha−1 yr−1).
Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system and characterized by neurological and cognitive manifestations. The disease is more common in populations living in high altitudes with low sun exposure, women more than men, and certain ethnic backgrounds more than others. The etiology of MS is yet unknown, although several factors have been implicated in its development. These include genetic factors and environmental factors as well as dietary components and their interactions. Among the dietary components that have recently attracted the attention is vitamin D. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge on the potential use of vitamin D in the protection and treatment of MS. In addition, the mechanism(s) by which vitamin D plays a role in the development and/or protection from MS are discussed.
Simultaneous determination of aluminum, copper, iron, and manganese

Abstract A simple, rapid, accurate and reproducible method for the simultaneous determination of aluminum, copper, iron and managanese is reported. The method is based on the sequential formation and extraction of tris(1,10-phenanthroline) iron(II), followed by the selective formation of copper diethyldithiocarbamate and its extraction by n -butyl acetate in the presence of perchloric acid. The remaining aqueous phase containing manganese and aluminum is neutralized with ammonia, extracted twice with chloroform, and manganese determined by formation and extraction of manganese diethyldithiocarbamate into isobutyl acetate, in the presence of perchlorate ions. Aluminum is then determined in the remaining aqueous phase as its 8-hydroxyquinolinate.
Fibrous dysplasia of the clivus.

Objective Fibrous dysplasia is a developmental skeletal disorder that may lead to distortion, expansion, and weakening of the bone. Craniofacial involvement by this entity is well recognized and is known to cause neurovascular impingement and cosmetic deformity; fibrous dysplasia of the clivus, however, is unrecognized and seldom reported. Differentiating this entity from more aggressive disease processes affecting the clivus is central for the proper management of lesions in this area. We have studied fibrous dysplasia of the clivus with the goal of depicting its manifestations, outlining its management, and heightening awareness of this disease entity. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our database and identified patients with the diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of the clivus. The demographic data, the clinical and radiological findings, and the management of these patients were reviewed. Results Eight patients who had experienced fibrous dysplasia of the clivus were identified. They either were asymptomatic (four patients) or presented with headache (four patients). Of the patients who presented with headache, one also had XIIth cranial nerve paralysis and another had dysphagia. The radiological findings for this entity were consistent, with typical findings of hypointensity on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies and ground-glass appearance on computed tomographic scans. Four of the patients in our series had pathological confirmation. Treatment was determined by the patient's symptoms. Conclusion Fibrous dysplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions affecting the clivus. Its clinical and radiological presentations permit the establishment of the diagnosis. Its management is usually conservative, unless the patient presents with nerve compression or extensive symptomatic involvement of the condyle.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and Disease in the HIV+ Individual

HPV infection of both the genital tract and oral cavity of HIV+ men and women is increased. HPV-related pathology is also increased in the HIV+ individuals, usually with further increases seen for those HIV+ individuals with lower CD4 cell counts. Fortunately, the rates of cervical cancer and anal cancer are relatively low and not related to CD4 cell count. Treatment of the HIV+ individual with HPV-related disease is challenging and requires close long-term follow-up to prevent recurrent disease. The mechanism of how HPV and HIV interact is still not known but is more likely to be linked to immune suppression rather than a direct interaction between viruses. The newly developed HPV vaccines will likely have a significant impact on HPV-related disease in immunocompetent individuals. It remains to be seen what impact these vaccine will have on the immune depressed.
Limitations of self-phase-modulation-based tunable delay system for all-optical buffer design

The distortion, noise, and bit-delay performance of a self-phase-modulation-based tunable delay system are analyzed. The pulse amplification required for achieving large spectral broadening results in large amplifier noise. We quantify the resulting delay versus signal-to-noise ratio trade-off. We demonstrate that for high bit rates it is difficult to achieve both large bit delay and good data fidelity. We find that for a given bit rate, reducing the duty cycle improves the fractional bit delay. For a duty cycle of 16%, a maximum bit delay of 15 bits is achieved.
Comparison of 6- and 7-Day Physical Therapy Coverage on Length of Stay and Discharge Outcome for Individuals With Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

Providing physical therapy service on Sundays is a much debated topic among hospital administrators. The purpose of this study was to determine if 7 days per week of physical therapy coverage results in shorter lengths of stay and differing discharge status than 6 days per week. A total of 140 subjects with hip or knee arthroplasty participated; there were 80 in the 6-day groups and 60 in the 7-day groups. Data on postoperative length of stay, discharge destination, and discharge disposition were collected by retrospective medical record review. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for differences in length of stay data, and the chi-squared test was used to test for differences in discharge disposition and discharge destination. No significant differences in postoperative length of stay, discharge destination, nor discharge disposition existed between the 6- and 7-day physical therapy coverage hip or knee arthroplasty groups. However, the power of the statistical tests applied was low. This study prov...
Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in African-American women

Objectives. We assessed walking for exercise and moderate and strenuous physical activity in relation to both demographic and health-related characteristics among African-American women from various parts of the United States who participate in the Black Women's Health Study. Methods. The data were collected in 1995 by mail questionnaire from 64,524 U.S. black women aged 21 to 69 years. The 64,101 women who provided data on physical activity are the subjects of the present report. Results. The present study revealed low levels of physical activity among the African-American women: 57% reported an hour or less per week walking for exercise, 18% reported moderate activity, and 61% reported strenuous physical activity. Strenuous physical activity increased with education. Higher levels of walking for exercise and moderate and strenuous activity were associated with higher levels of participation in strenuous exercise in high school. Conclusion. Physical activity levels are low in African-American women. Based on the findings of the present study it may be suggested that educational efforts to increase levels of physical activity should start at an early age.
TU‐C‐AUD C‐04: Custom Built Small Animal IGRT Platform

Over the past 2 decades, there has been a widening technological disparity between laboratory radiation research and clinical radiation therapy. Whereas simple single beam/single fraction techniques are commonly used to irradiate laboratory animals, advanced three‐dimensional (3D) and computer‐controlled delivery technologies are now used clinically to pinpoint fractionated conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT). The technological disparity presents a difficult hurdle in the development of novel treatment methods that combine conformal irradiation and other therapeutic agents. There is clearly a pressing need to bridge the technological gap between laboratory radiation research and human treatment methods. To that end, we have constructed a Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) which integrates imaging,radiation delivery and treatment planning capabilities. The SARRP spans 3 ft × 4 ft × 6 ft (W×L×H). A dual‐focal (0.4 mm and 3.0 mm) spot, constant voltage x‐ray source is mounted on isocentric gantry. The source to isocenter distance is 35 cm. Eighty to 100 kVp x‐rays from the smaller focal spot are used for imaging. Both focal spots operate at 225 kVp for irradiation. Robotic translate/rotate stages are used to position the animal. A novel configuration is devised for CBCTimaging by rotating the horizontal animal between the x‐ray source and a flat panel amorphous silicon detector that are fixed at opposite horizontal positions of 90° and 270° respectively. Radiation beams ranging from 0.5 mm in diameter to (60 × 60) mm2 are available. Conformal dose distributions are delivered using a combination of gantry and robotic stage motion. Treatment planning is performed at sub‐mm resolution where Monte Carlo dose calculations are coupled to a research Pinnacle system for visualization. Depending on filtration, the isocenter dose outputs at 1 cm depth in water range from 22 to 375 cGy/min from the smallest to the largest radiation fields. The 20% to 80% dose fall‐off spans 0.16 mm. CBCT with (0.55 × 0.55 × 0.55) mm3 voxel resolution is acquired with less than 1 cGy in 4 min. The ability of our system to focally irradiate a specific anatomic region or target in a mouse subject has generated exciting new collaborations between laboratory and translational research. These include the study of the response of normal tissue and tumor to focal radiation injuries; the development of molecular imaging markers for early assessment of radiation induced toxicity in the lungs; and the study of molecularly targeted therapy in combination with radiation. We are hopeful that our SARRP, and other similar initiatives, will serve to provide the timely and powerful technology to greatly transform future cancertreatment. Educational Objectives: 1. Appreciate the disparity between animal radiation research methods and clinical treatment. 2. Understand the challenges in down‐sizing human treatment methods for small animal.
Letter to my children about sex and the catholic church.

This essay is directed to a younger generation. It summarizes the conflicting traditions in the Catholic community today: official Church teaching (represented by “Humanae Vitae” and “Veritatis Splendor”), liberal theologians like Charles Curran (who occasioned this letter), and ordinary Catholics struggling in an imperfect world. The paper attempts to integrate values from three traditions, those associated with respect for new life, a loving relationship, and playfulness. The resulting synthesis offers a spiritually and psychologically viable option worth considering, the author believes.
Verbal abuse from nurse colleagues and work environment of early career registered nurses.

Purpose This study examined relationships between verbal abuse from nurse colleagues and demographic characteristics, work attributes, and work attitudes of early career registered nurses (RNs). Design and Methods Data are from the fourth wave of a national panel survey of early career RNs begun in 2006. The final analytic sample included 1,407 RNs. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, analysis of variance to compare means, and chi square to compare categorical variables. Findings RNs reporting higher levels of verbal abuse from nurse colleagues were more likely to be unmarried, work in a hospital setting, or work in a non-magnet hospital. They also had lower job satisfaction, and less organizational commitment, autonomy, and intent to stay. Lastly, they perceived their work environments unfavorably. Conclusions Data support the hypothesis that early career RNs are vulnerable to the effects of verbal abuse from nurse colleagues. Although more verbal abuse is seen in environments with unfavorable working conditions, and RNs working in such environments tend to have less favorable work attitudes, one cannot assume causality. It is unclear if poor working conditions create an environment where verbal abuse is tolerated or if verbal abuse creates an unfavorable work environment. Clinical Relevance There is a need to develop and test evidence-based interventions to deal with the problems inherent with verbal abuse from nurse colleagues.
The diffusion coefficients of sulfate, ammonium, and phosphate ions in anoxic marine sediments1

The diffusion coefficients of sulfate, ammonium, and phosphate ions were determined directly in the laboratory by placing two samples of homogenized, anoxic mud from Long Island Sound in contact with one another across a planar interface. After 141 h concentration profiles were dctcrmined and from them, values of effective diffusion coefficients (which incorporntc the effects of adsorption) were calculated. Correction of these values for adsorp- tion, using independently determined linear adsorption constants for the same sediments, gave the following values (X lo-" cm2. s- r, 20°C errors 22~): D,(SO,), 5.Ok1.2; D,(NII,), 9.8k2.0; U,(POJ, 3.6kl.l. These values agree well with values calculated for the same scd- iments from estimates of formation factors plus data for diffusion coefficients at infinite di- lution.
Planning Tool to Support Planning the Future of Coastal Louisiana

ABSTRACT Groves, D.G. and Sharon, C., 2013. Planning tool to support planning the future of coastal Louisiana. Coastal Louisiana's built and natural environment faces risks from catastrophic tropical storms. Concurrently, the region is experiencing a dramatic conversion of coastal land and associated habitats to open water and a loss of important services provided by such ecosystems. Louisiana's Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) engaged in a detailed modeling, simulation, and analysis exercise, the results of which informed Louisiana's 2012 Comprehensive Master Plan for a Sustainable Coast. The Master Plan defines a set of coastal risk-reduction and restoration projects to be implemented in the coming decades to reduce hurricane flood risk to coastal communities and restore the Louisiana coast. Risk-reduction and restoration projects were selected to provide the greatest level of risk-reduction and land-building benefits under a given budget constraint while being consistent with other o...
Mothers' and Fathers' Attitudes Toward Their Children's Academic Performance and Children's Perceptions of Their Academic Competence

Do mothers' and fathers' attitudes towards their children's academic performance influence children's perceptions of their academic competence? Two types of parental attitudes--parents' level of satisfaction with their children's performance in school and the importance parents place on children's academic success--were the focus of this study. The data from children (n = 248), mothers (n = 219), and fathers (n = 146) were consistent with the belief that parents' attitudes play a central role in shaping children's self-perceptions. Mothers' satisfaction was positively associated with both sons' and daughters' perceptions of academic competence, independent of children's actual grades in school. Fathers' satisfaction correlated with sons' self-perceptions, but not when mothers' satisfaction was also included in the model. Both mothers and fathers reported being more satisfied with their daughters' grades than with their sons' grades, despite the fact that there were no actual differences between girls' and boys' academic performance. Finally, the importance fathers (but not mothers) placed on children's academic success was positively associated with girls' self-perceptions.
Radioactive chromic phosphate suspension: Studies on distribution, dose absorption, and effective therapeutic radiation in phantoms, dogs, and patients

Abstract A series of studies in phantoms, dogs, and patients was undertaken to investigate physical properties of the commercial preparation of radioactive chromic phosphate suspension ( 32 P), distribution of intraperitoneally administered 32 P, and absorbed doses of 32 P by intraabdominal organs, surface tissues, and lymph nodes. Phantom studies revealed that premixing was necessary to obtain complete dispersion of the suspension. Bremsstrahlung imaging in dogs and patients suggested that this modality was effective in imaging the dispersion of 32 P, and the predicted localization in the peritoneal cavity and later the thoracic lymph nodes could be documented with this method. Autoradiographs, Geiger-Muller tissue counting, Bremsstrahlung imaging, and thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements in multiple dog experiments suggested that intraperitoneally administered 32 P suspension delivers superficial but probably therapeutic dosages to peritoneal surfaces as well as thoracic lymph nodes associated with drainage of peritoneal fluid. However, retroperitoneal structures such as pelvic and paraaortic lymph nodes receive minimal dosages of radiation from intraperitoneal 32 P suspension. These studies tend to confirm clinical data that intraperitoneal 32 P may be effective as adjunctive treatment in early stage ovarian carcinoma, but should not be used when the risk of retroperitoneal lymph node involvement is high or when residual intraperitoneal macroscopic disease is present.
Intracellular Nucleotides of (−)-2′,3′-Deoxy-3′-Thiacytidine in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of a Patient Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

An analytical methodology was developed to quantitate the intracellular nucleotides including mono-, di-, and triphosphates and the diphosphocholine derivative of (2)-2*,3*-deoxy-3*-thiacytidine (3TC) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The procedure includes the resolution of 3TC nucleotides by solid-phase extraction (SPE) on an anion-exchange cartridge, with subsequent enzyme digestion of the resulting phosphates to the parent drug that is ultimately quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Validation was performed with PBMCs from healthy donors exposed to [ 3 H]3TC, leading to the formation of intracellular nucleotides that were quantitated by anion-exchange HPLC with radioactive detection (HPLC-RA). These nucleotide levels served as reference values and were used for cross-validation with data obtained by HPLC-UV. An excellent correlation was established between the results obtained by HPLC-RA and those obtained by HPLC-UV, with a slope of the regression lines close to unity and intercepts near nullity as well as a correlation coefficient close to unity for all 3TC phosphates. The assay was characterized by a limit of quantitation below 1 ng (amount on column) with a precision (percentage of coefficient of variation of repeated measurement) ranging from 0.8 to 18.1% and an accuracy (deviation of the amount determined by HPLC-UV from the nominal reference value) varying from 214.8 to 19.4%. This methodology was successfully applied to determine the quantity of 3TC nucleotides in PBMCs of a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus after oral administration of 3TC and stavudine.
Latex allergen IgE assays in the assessment of Veterans Affairs health care workers

Background A previous multicenter study of Veterans Affairs health care workers evaluated hospital participants for latex hypersensitivity. Well-defined groups from that study allowed us to explore the diagnostic utility of newer antilatex allergen IgE immunoassays in the present study. Objectives To determine whether an enhanced CAP (ENHCAP) assay or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identifies latex glove symptomatic individuals with antilatex allergen IgE that had not been detected by the CAP assay used in the original study and to determine the specificity of the ENHCAP assay. Methods The ELISA measured IgE antibody to Malaysian nonammoniated natural rubber latex extract (MNA), Hev b1, Hev b5, and Hev b6. Four patient groups were tested: confirmed latex glove allergic, latex glove symptomatic, latex glove sensitized/asymptomatic, and latex glove nonallergic. Results The ENHCAP assay and the MNA ELISA were highly concordant with the original CAP assay. In the subgroup with latex glove symptoms that were previously negative by the CAP assay, the ENHCAP assay value was elevated in 7 (11%) of 64 samples, only 3 of which were class 2 or higher. The MNA ELISA result was positive in only 4 (6%) of these 64 samples, and 3 of these were fractionally above the cutoff value for this assay. Conclusions The ENHCAP assay and the MNA ELISA identified a few additional positive individuals in the group that was latex glove symptomatic and originally CAP assay negative. The ENHCAP assay and the MNA ELISA produced only a modest improvement in diagnostic sensitivity over that of the original CAP assay.
A schedulable garbage collection for embedded applications in CLI

Common language infrastructure (CLI) has been introduced as a core technology of Microsoft .NET. It enables "writing in multiple languages, running in multiple platforms" by providing virtual execution system (VES), common intermediate language, and common type system etc. The advantages of using CLI, including portability, compactness, and interoperability, could benefit the productivity of application software development and deployment. However, for embedded real-time systems, the applications' time-constraints cannot be satisfied easily due to several features of CLI runtime environment, such as thread priority, thread scheduling, garbage collection etc. In this paper, we aim to have a garbage collection mechanism applicable on real-time applications in CLI and other virtual machine environments. We achieve the goal by making the pause time of garbage collection operations predictable, and the invocation of garbage collection and applications schedulable. A cost model based on measured WCET is established to predict the execution time and overhead of garbage collection operations.
Mercury transport in a high-elevation watershed in rocky mountain national park, Colorado

Mercury (Hg) was measured in stream water and precipitation in the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, during 2001-2002 to investigate processes controlling Hg transport in high-elevation ecosystems. Total Hg concentrations in precipitation ranged from 2.6 to 36.2 ng/L and showed a strong seasonal pattern with concentrations that were 3 to 4 times higher during summer months. Annual bulk deposition of Hg was 8.3 to 12.4 µg/m 2 and was similar to deposition rates in the Midwestern and Northeastern U.S. Total Hg concentrations in streams ranged from 0.8 to 13.5 ng/L and were highest in mid-May on the rising limb of the snowmelt hydrograph. Stream-water Hg was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon suggesting organically complexed Hg was flushed into streams from near-surface soil horizons during the early stages of snowmelt. Methylmercury (MeHg) in stream water peaked at 0.048 ng/L just prior to peak snowmelt bu tw as at or below detection (<0.040 ng/L) for the remainder of the snowmelt season. Annual export of total Hg in Loch Vale streams ranged from 1.2 to 2.3 µg/m 2 , which was less than 20% of wet deposition, indicating the terrestrial environment is a net sink of atmospheric Hg. Concentrations of MeHg in stream water and corresponding watershed fluxes were low, indicating low methylation rates or high demethylation rates or both.
Computed tomography of acute heart failure: A novel case and literature review

Computed tomography (CT) is used in patients whose conditions span the gamut from healthy to critically ill. In the specific subset of patients with cardiac arrest or imminent cardiac failure who receive contrast-enhanced CT, extant literature illustrates a set of imaging findings that include inferior vena cava and hepatic parenchymal contrast reflux, pooling, and layering in a dependent fashion. We review the literature and present a case in which these findings are demonstrated along with renal venointerstitial reflux, a finding that has not been previously described.
When Social Worlds Collide: Overconfidence in the Multiple Audience Problem

Individuals sometimes try to convey different identities to different people simultaneously or to convey certain information to one individual while simultaneously concealing it from another. How successfully can people solve these multiple audience problems and how successfully do they think they can? The research presented here corroborates previous findings that people are rather adept at such tasks. In Study 1, participants who adopted different identities in preliminary interactions with two other participants (acting the part of a studious nerd with one and a fun-loving party animal with the other) were able to preserve these identities when they interacted subsequently with both individuals at the same time. In Study 2, participants were able to communicate a secret word to one audience while simultaneously concealing it from another. Despite their skill at these tasks, however, participants in both studies were overconfident in their abilities, believing that they were better able to solve these m...
Heterogeneous multitask learning with joint sparsity constraints

Multitask learning addresses the problem of learning related tasks that presumably share some commonalities on their input-output mapping functions. Previous approaches to multitask learning usually deal with homogeneous tasks, such as purely regression tasks, or entirely classification tasks. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning multiple related tasks of predicting both continuous and discrete outputs from a common set of input variables that lie in a high-dimensional feature space. All of the tasks are related in the sense that they share the same set of relevant input variables, but the amount of influence of each input on different outputs may vary. We formulate this problem as a combination of linear regressions and logistic regressions, and model the joint sparsity as L1/L∞ or L1/L2 norm of the model parameters. Among several possible applications, our approach addresses an important open problem in genetic association mapping, where the goal is to discover genetic markers that influence multiple correlated traits jointly. In our experiments, we demonstrate our method in this setting, using simulated and clinical asthma datasets, and we show that our method can effectively recover the relevant inputs with respect to all of the tasks.
A Segmented Data-Weighted-Averaging Technique

This paper proposes a new dynamic element matching (DEM) technique, segmented date weighted averaging (SeDWA), for application in a multi-bit delta-sigma modulator (DSM). In SeDWA , the DAC elements are divided into several subsets with DWA applied in each set. This allows a simpler and faster implementation, and the selecting sequences for the DAC elements are more randomized than in conventional DWA. This reduces pattern tones, but still provides mismatch error shaping. In the simulated power spectra density (PSD), no in-band pattern tones were observed, and only a moderate rise of the noise floor. Therefore, higher spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) was achieved. The implementation of SeDWA can be simpler and faster than that of conventional DWA, making it suitable for high-speed applications
Shape evolution with structural and topological changes using blending

This paper describes a framework for the estimation of shape from sparse or incomplete range data. It uses a shape representation called blending, which allows for the geometric combination of shapes into a unified model - selected regions of the component shapes are cut-out and glued together. Estimation of shape by this representation is realized using a physics-based framework, and it also includes a process for deciding how to adapt the structure and topology of the model to improve the fit. The blending representation helps avoid abrupt changes in model geometry during fitting by allowing the smooth evolution of the shape, which improves the robustness of the technique. We demonstrate this framework with a series of experiments showing its ability to automatically extract structured representations from range data given both structurally and topologically complex objects.
When parsimony backfires: neglecting DNA repair may doom neurons in Alzheimer's disease

Taking advantage of the fact that they need not replicate their DNA, terminally differentiated neurons only repair their expressed genes and largely dispense with the burden of removing damage from most of their genome. However, they may pay a heavy price for this laxity if unforeseen circumstances, such as a pathological condition like Alzheimer's disease, cause them to re-enter the cell cycle. The lifetime accumulation of unrepaired lesions in the silent genes of neurons is likely to be significant and may result in aborting the mitotic process and triggering cell death if the cells attempt to express these dormant genes and resume DNA replication.
Fear of Unknown: Distressed Acquisition and Disclosure

This note, on the basis of a review of the current law related to disclosure of acquisition of claims against distressed companies and the proposals for regulation of this area, argues that no new (legislative) regulation is necessary, as the market tends to regulate itself, under the supervision of the bankruptcy judges.
Calculating a Minimum Playable Duration for HTTP Streaming Media Segments

In streaming media over the Internet using HTTP, it is often desirable to minimize the duration of the media segments of a stream (for example, to reduce camera-to-viewer delay in streaming a live sports event). The operational behavior of Internet transport protocols limits the minimum duration of segments below which the segments can't be transferred in time to avoid a playback stall. This paper proposes a method to calculate the minimum duration for the segments of a media stream under given network transport conditions to avoid a playback stall. This method can be used to select the segment duration for a media stream under anticipated worst-case network conditions.
Hiding in Plain Sight: W. H. Auden in Popular Gay Culture

As Richard J. Bozorth demonstrates, for much of his career W. H. Auden worried about the impact of his homosexuality on his attempt to fashion himself as a public poet: How authoritatively could he...
On the Fatigue Performance of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V to Enable Rapid Qualification for Aerospace Applications

To realize the potential benefits of additive manufacturing technology in airframe and ground vehicle applications, the fatigue performance of load bearing additively manufactured materials must be understood. Due to the novelty of this rapidly developing technology, a very limited, yet swiftly evolving literature exists on the topic. Motivated by these two points, we have attempted to catalogue and analyze the published fatigue performance data of an additively manufactured alloy of significant technological interest, Ti-6Al-4V. Focusing on uniaxial fatigue performance and crack growth, we compare to traditionally manufactured Ti-6Al-4V, discussing failure mechanisms, defects, microstructure, and processing parameters. We then attempt to identify key knowledge gaps that must be addressed before AM technology can safely and effectively be employed in critical load bearing applications.
Impacts of Enterprise Zone Policy on Industry Growth New Evidence From the Louisville Program

This study evaluates the impacts of the Louisville Enterprise Zone (EZ) program on the growth of different industries, covering a 20-year (1980-2000) time span. The research compares the preprogram...
Study of quality standard for Xiasangju effervescent granules

Objective To establish the quality standard for Xiasangju effervescent granules.Method Ursolic acid was identified by TLC;and the content of linarin in Xiasangju effervescent granules was determined by HPLC.The chromatographic conditions consisted of Diamonsil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of methanol-water-glacial acetic acid(50∶48∶2) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1,column temperature at 30 ℃,and the detection wavelength of 334 nm.Results The identification method for ursolic acid was established;The calibration curves of linarin showed a good linearity in the range of 0.044 8～0.448 μg(r=0.999 9,n=6),the average recovery was 99.7%(n=6),with RSD of 1.2%.Conclusion The quality standards established can be used for the quality control of the content of Xiasangju Effervescent Granules.
Experimental study of a dual-labeled agent targeting interleukin 11 receptor alpha in the imaging of breast cancer

Objective:To evaluate the expression of IL-11Rα in breast cancer noninvasively,and investigate the specificity of dual-labeled IL-11Rα-specific targeted in the imaging of breast cancer xenograft model.Methods: Peptide based IL-11Rα imaging agents were synthesized and labeled with near-infrared dye or nuclides for vitro cell binding studies on breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.A xenograft model was established,and in vivo optical imaging studies as well as nuclear imaging were carried out with near-infrared /nuclides imaging agent,the high signal specimen of mice was analyzed pathologically to further verify the imaging results.Results:Cell binding studies demonstrated those agents bound to the human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 which were IL-11Rα positive.Near infrared optical imaging and nuclear imaging showed the high signal intensity in tumor with one accord.Pathological results proved that the high signal specimen was indeed breast cancer tissue.Conclusion:IL-11Rα specific imaging agents could bind to the IL-11Rα positive cancer,also image specificity xenograft in the model of breast cancer.It may provide the theoretical foundation for the early molecular diagnosis of the tumor and its targeted therapy.
Phantom Microbes in the “Astrobiology” Fantasy

The possible existence of life beyond Earth has been the subject of speculation, debate, and science fiction for centuries. As of the 1970s, the search for such life was finally restricted to microbes, the most likely forms that might be found. In two previous Forum articles (ASM News, June 1997, p. 296–297, and December 2005, p. 560–561), I reviewed (i) the 1976 Viking mission experiments designed to make direct tests for living microbes on Mars, and (ii) the 1996 claims of NASA scientists that they had obtained evidence for past microbial life on Mars in the form of microfossils in a Martian meteorite. The NASA assertions unleashed an unprecedented media frenzy.
Endothelial Function Following Glucose Ingestion in Adults With Prediabetes: Role of Exercise Intensity

Objective To determine whether high intensity exercise (HIE) would improve endothelial function more than an isocaloric bout of moderate intensity exercise (MIE) following glucose ingestion in adults with prediabetes. Methods Twelve subjects with prediabetes completed all three conditions: time-course matched control and isocaloric exercise (∼200 kcal) at moderate (MIE; at lactate threshold) and high intensity (HIE; 75% of difference between lactate threshold and VO2peak). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured before exercise (baseline), within 30 min postexercise, and 1 and 2 hr following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Plasma F2-isoprostanes were also assessed during the protocol (i.e., baseline to 2 hr OGTT) as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Results MIE reduced postexercise F2-isoprostanesAUC compared with time-course matched control and HIE. Although exercise had no statistical effect on FMD postexercise or during the OGTT, elevations in FMDAUC after MIE and HIE were associated with reduced postexercise F2-isoprostanesAUC. Conclusions Exercise at either intensity had no effect on FMD immediately postexercise following glucose administration. However, individuals with reduced oxidative stress responses to exercise had greater exercise-induced improvement in FMD. Further work is required to identify the mechanism by which exercise alters oxidative stress to enhance endothelial function.
Difficult Triage Decisions in the Combat or Austere Environment

The past 13 years of sustained combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have provided a robust and high-volume experience to deployed providers in caring for severe multi-system traumatic injuries as well as managing mass casualty scenarios on a routine basis. With the rise of the use of improvised explosive devices (IED) in both combat and civilian arenas, all trauma providers and centers must now be prepared to handle these types of injuries and MASCAL scenarios. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss principles and priorities of triage and the management of MASCAL scenarios. These scenarios are characterized by the presentation of multiple patients whose numbers and/or severity of injuries exceeds the ability of the receiving facility in terms of personnel, training, resources, supplies, and equipment. Several cases of particularly challenging triage decisions will be presented to highlight important lessons regarding optimization of triage criteria and decisions, patient management strategies, team-building, and operating in a truly resource-constrained environment.
A neurotoxic alcohol exposure paradigm does not induce hepatic encephalopathy.

Abstract Alcohol abuse is associated with neurological dysfunction, brain morphological deficits and frank neurotoxicity. Although these disruptions may be a secondary effect due to hepatic encephalopathy, no clear evidence of causality is available. This study examined whether a 72 h period of alcohol intoxication known to induce physical dependence, followed by a single withdrawal, was sufficient to induce signs of hepatic encephalopathy in male and female mice. Animals were continuously intoxicated via alcohol vapor inhalation, a procedure previously shown to induce significant neurotoxicity in female mice. At peak synchronized withdrawal (8 h following the end of alcohol exposure), blood samples were taken and levels of several liver-regulated markers and brain swelling were characterized. Glutathione levels were also determined in the medial frontal cortex (mFC) and hippocampus. Results revealed elevated levels of cholesterol, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and decreased levels of blood urea nitrogen and total bilirubin in alcohol-exposed male and female groups compared to controls. Brain water weight was not affected by alcohol exposure, though males tended to have slightly more water weight overall. Alcohol exposure led to reductions in tissue levels of glutathione in both the hippocampus and mFC which may indicate increased oxidative stress. Combined, these results suggest that hepatic encephalopathy does not appear to play a significant role in the neurotoxicity observed following alcohol exposure in this model.
Imaging Structures Near Resonance

Imaging from strongly scattering objects requires nonlinear inverse algorithms and multiple scattering can yield improved resolution. However, near resonance, weak scattering inverse methods can still prove useful. We investigate this phenomenon using strongly resonant meta-atoms.