cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prenatal ethanol preferentially enhances reactivity of the dopamine D1 but not D2 or D3 receptors in offspring.

Abstract Reports of prenatal ethanol (ETOH) effects on the dopamine system are inconsistent. In an attempt to clarify this issue, dams were given 35% ethanol-derived calories as the sole nutrient source in a liquid diet from the 10th through the 20th day of gestation (ETOH). Controls were pair-fed (PF) an isocaloric liquid diet or given ad libitum access to laboratory chow (LC). Prenatal exposure to both liquid diets reduced body weight of offspring relative to LC controls, more so for ETOH than for PF exposure. Prenatal ETOH also decreased litter size and viability, relative to both LC and PF control groups. On postnatal days 21–23, male and female offspring were given an injection of saline vehicle or one of eight specific dopamine receptor agonists or antagonists. Immediately after injection subjects were placed in individual observation cages, and over the following 30 min, eight behaviors (square entries, grooming, rearing, circling, sniffing, yawning, head and oral movements) were observed and quantified. No prenatal treatment effects on drug-induced behaviors were observed for dopamine D2 (Apomorphine, DPAT or Quinpirole) or D3 (PD 152255, Nafadotride, Apo or Quin effects on yawning) receptor agonists or antagonists, or for the vehicle control. In contrast, prenatal treatment effects were seen with drugs affecting the dopamine D1 receptor. Both D1 agonists (SKF 38393) and antagonists (SCH 23390 and high doses of spiperone) altered behaviors, especially oral and sniffing behaviors, in a manner which suggested enhanced dopamine D1 drug sensitivity in both ETOH and PF offspring relative to LC controls. These results suggest that at this age, both sexes experience a prenatal undernutrition-linked increase in the behavioral response to dopamine D1 agonists and antagonists, which can be intensified by gestational exposure to alcohol.
Discovering Features of Web-based Algebraic Tools via Data Analysis to Support Technology Integration in Mathematics Education

Technological tools available on the Internet can be used to support teachers’ understanding of how to teach mathematics to their students. This paper outlines a method for using algebraic tools in mathematics with teachers to help them discover features to facilitate student learning and understanding with the support of statistical software. The teachers first investigate algebraic tools and then analyze features of the tools and how they support or limit student learning. Personal Construct Theory (Kelly, 1955) is used to first help teachers create and self administer repertory grids and then generate dendrograms for cluster analysis. The model described can help others implement technology in a similar manner making use of both web-based applets and statistical software in an authentic context.
Application of a compressed sensing based time-frequency distribution for radar signature analysis

A joint time-frequency distribution based on the Wigner-Ville distribution and compressed sensing is explored for radar signature analysis. The new distribution provides the localization of the Wigner-Ville with reduced cross terms. The distribution is applied to analyze wideband backscattering from an open-ended pipe and Doppler scattering from a wind turbine.
Spontaneous recovery without interference: Why remembering is adaptive.

Spontaneous recovery from extinction is a reliable result of two ingredients, variable training outcomes and the passage of time. Accounts of the phenomenon, which have come to focus on interference at the level of memory retrieval, have been based on simple associative learning tasks. The present study was designed to determine whether a more complex task—one requiring spatial mapping, timing, and patch assessment—would be subject to spontaneous recovery. Results showed that spontaneous recovery (1) makes a robust appearance in such tasks, (2) does not require interference among conflicting memories, but instead (3) requires ready access to training memories, and (4) is closely modeled by the temporal weighting rule, a quantitative model of patch choice that prescribes how value is best assigned to variable resources (L. D. Devenport & J. A. Devenport, 1994).
The evolving international monetary system and prospects for monetary reform

Abstract Few would seriously suggest an early return to a global system of pegged exchange rates or, even less, to such a system with a link to gold. However, serious proposals have been advanced for some form of a “rules-based system” in which major countries would adopt meaningful commitments to limit fluctuations in exchange rates among their national currencies and agree to adjust their macroeconomic policies if needed to meet these commitments. In my view, such “fundamental reform” of the international monetary system is not now feasible and is probably not desirable. Rather, what we are likely to see is an increasingly effective commitment of national monetary policies to the maintenance of low and stable inflation rates, which may be expected to contribute greater medium-term stability of exchange rates among the major currencies.
Ultrafast High Resolution Contact Lithography Using Excimer Lasers

A new technique for fine-line, high-speed photolithography using ultraviolet excimer lasers is proposed and demonstrated. Absence of speckle and resolution down to 1000 line-pairs/mm are experimentally demonstrated. Using a XeCl laser at 308 nm and a KrF laser at 249 nm, excellent quality images are obtained by contact printing in two positive photoresists. These images are comparable to state-of-the-art lithography done with conventional lamps, the major difference being that the excimer laser technique is -2 orders of magnitude faster. Preliminary results on reciprocity behavior in several resists are also presented.
Chip-based Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry of Permethylated N-Linked Glycans: A Potential Methodology for Cancer-biomarker Discovery

The study of protein glycosylation in biological fluids and tissues has substantial medical importance, as changes in glycan structures have now been associated with a number of diseases. Quantification of glycomic-profile changes is becoming increasingly important in the search for disease biomarkers. Here, we report a highly reproducible combination of a glycomic sample preparation/solid-phase derivatization of glycoprotein-derived N-linked glycans with their subsequent microchip-based separation and mass-spectrometric (MS) measurements. Following our previously described reductive β-elimination for O-linked glycans with ammonia−borane complex to reduce N-linked structures, the N-linked alditol structures are effectively methylated in dimethylformamide medium to avoid artefacts in MS measurements. Reversed-phase microfluidic liquid chromatography (LC) of methylated N-linked oligosaccharide alditols resolved some closely related structures into regular retention increments, aiding in their structural ass...
The hydrated calcium silicates

The hydrated-calcium silicates are of particular geological interest as typical minerals formed by hydrothermal reactions at contact-zones of different mineral species. They are also of technical significance as compounds which may be formed in the steam-treatment of Portland cement and pozzolanic materials and in the manufacture of sand-lime brick. To ascertain which of the hydrated-calcium silicates reported in the literature are distinct minerals. X-ray diffraction-patterns have been made on samples obtained mostly from the United States National Museum. Patterns were also made on the following anhydrous calcium silicates: Wollastonite, pseudo-wollastonite, beta- and gamma- di-calcium silicates, tricalcium disilicate, and tricalcium silicate. The other phase of the investigation now in progress, and on which this paper is a preliminary report, is an attempt to synthesize some of the hydrated-calcium silicates by hydrothermal methods.
Intracellular Free Calcium Dynamics in Stretch-Injured Astrocytes

We have previously developed an in vitro model for traumatic brain injury that simulates a major component of in vivo trauma, that being tissue strain or stretch. We have validated our model by demonstrating that it produces many of the posttraumatic responses observed in vivo. Sustained elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been hypothesized to be a primary biochemical mechanism inducing cell dysfunction after trauma. In the present report, we have examined this hypothesis in astrocytes using our in vitro injury model and fura-2 microphotometry. Our results indicate that astrocyte [Ca2+]i is rapidly elevated after stretch injury, the magnitude of which is proportional to the degree of injury. However, the injury-induced [Ca2+]i elevation is not sustained and returns to near-basal levels by 15 min postinjury and to basal levels between 3 and 24 h after injury. Although basal [Ca2+]i returns to normal after injury, we have identified persistent injury-induced alterations in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways. We report here, for the first time, that traumatic stretch injury causes release of calcium from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular calcium stores and may uncouple the stores from participation in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signal transduction events. We found that for a prolonged period after trauma astrocytes no longer respond to thapsigargin, glutamate, or the inositol trisphosphate-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-(1S,3R)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid with an elevation in [Ca2+]i. We hypothesize that changes in calcium-mediated signaling pathways, rather than an absolute elevation in [Ca2+]i, is responsible for some of the pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury.
PREHISTORIC ETHNICITY AND STATUS BASED ON TEXTILE EVIDENCE FROM ARICA, CHILE

Diversos investigadores han postulado la existencia en la prehistoria de sistemas sociales estratificados y multietnico en las areas costeras del norte de Chile. El presente estudio, utilizando los textiles de 436 momias de tres sitios (Az-140, Az-71 y Plm-9) en Arica, Chile, ha permitido una reevaluacion de la organizacion social y el desarrollo de una cronologia nueva. Los textiles asociados con las momias fueron analizados en cuanto a las caracteristicas de la lana, el tejido, las tintas, los embellecimientos de las superficies, la forma, la reparacion y el estilo. Tambien se calculo un puntaje de calidad para cada textil. Al contrario de las expectativas, los textiles, especialmente las camisas, indicaron que los individuos estudiados no eran etnicamente diversos, debido a que se encontro un surtido de estilos de camisas en los tres sitios y muchos individuos tenian una variedad de estilos. El estatus fue evaluado usando la calidad de textiles y las cantidades de bienes funerarios no textiles. Las diferencias de estatus fueron evidentes, pero no extremas, sugiriendo que existia el estatus adquirido, pero no el rango adscrito. Finalmente, a base de 32 fechas radiocarbonicas, parece que las culturas conocidas como Cabuza, Maitas, San Miguel, Loreto Viejo y Desarrollo Regional no eran sucesivas temporalmente, sino que representan estilos superpuestos del mismo grupo de gente en Arica entre 900-1400 DC
Who has life-sustaining therapy withdrawn after injury?

Background Trauma scoring systems have been developed to help surgeons predict who will die after injury. However, some patients may not actually die of their injuries but may undergo withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy (WLST). The goal of this study was to determine which factors were associated with WLST among older patients who died. We hypothesized that patients with comorbid illnesses, higher injury severity scores (ISS), complications, and existing advanced directives (AD) would be more likely to have WLST and that patients having WLST would receive more medication for symptom relief in the 24 hours before death. Methods Data were collected via a retrospective chart review of patients age 55 years and older admitted to the intensive care unit after injury who subsequently died. In addition to demographic and injury information, documentation of family discussions regarding care wishes and formal ADs were evaluated. Patients dying despite curative attempts were compared with those who died after WLST by Student's t test and chi test where appropriate. Results In a 3-year period, of 330 patients age 55 and older admitted to the intensive care unit, 66 (20%) died. Complete records were available for 64 patients. More than half of those who died (n = 35, 54.7%) had WLST. ADs were available for 15 patients (23.4%), and 11 (17.2%) patients had expressed to their families desires to not undergo aggressive curative care. Family discussions were documented for 50 (78%) cases. Comorbid illnesses were present in 46 (71.9%) patients and 35 (54.7%) developed at least one complication. Among people with ADs, 73% had WLST versus 49% of people without ADs (p = 0.09). WLST was independent of comorbid illnesses (p = 0.3), complications (p = 0.8), age (p = 0.5), and ISS (p = 0.2). Patients for whom there was documentation of a family discussion were more likely to have WLST than those without (91.4% versus 62.1%, p = 0.005). Morphine and benzodiazepine dosing in the 24 hours preceding death were greater in the WLST group than the curative therapy group (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05, respectively). Conclusions Expected associations with WLST such as age, ISS, comorbidities, and complications were not present in this population. Although trends may exist regarding patient wishes and ADs, larger studies are needed to corroborate these findings. Given the percentage of patients having supportive care withdrawn, trauma registries and scoring systems should include WLST.
Microtubule organizing centers and the origin of centrioles during spermatogenesis in the pteridophyte Phylloglossum.

Spermatogenesis in the lycophyte Phylloglossum is characterized by profound ultrastructural changes that involve complex microtubule arrays and discrete microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). The first visible MTOC is an electron-opaque acentriolar centrosome that organizes the mitotic spindles in late spermatogenous cells. In the spermatid mother cell, centrioles arise de novo within the pericentriolar matrix of the MTOC. Approximately 20 centrioles, which ultimately function as basal bodies, originate in each of two branched “blepharoplasts.” Constituent centrioles of each organelle radiate from a central region where they are interconnected by cartwheel cylinders, each with nine-fold symmetry. The development and structure of this novel centriolar-generating organelle suggests a direct evolutionary link with the bicentriole of other lycophytes, and are consistent with the concept that multiflagellated spermatozoids in Phylloglossum evolved independently of those in other pteridophytes. During spermiogenesis, two additional structurally defined MTOCs organize the cytoskeleton and locomotory apparatus, which comprises 20 staggered flagella over a multilayered structure. An MTOC that overlies the multilayered structure and consists of a cloud of electron-opaque material is involved in repositioning basal bodies and generating flagella. The spline, a band of up to 200 microtubules, provides the architectural framework for development and maintenance of cell shape and is organized by the lamellar strip, a highly structured MTOC. Microtubule arrays during spermatogenesis in Phylloglossum are diverse and include mitotic, cytokinetic, cytoskeletal, and locomotory assemblages. MTOCs responsible for the nucleation and organization of these arrays are among the most elaborate and morphologically distinct of any described in land plants. Microsc. Res. Tech. 49:496–505, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Structural and Immunologic Evidence for a Small Molecular Weight (“2 IK”) Variant of Prolactin*

The mol wt (Mr) of intact murine PRL is approximately 23,000. Immunoblotting analysis shows a 21,000 Mr band in fresh rat and mouse pituitary extracts that cross-reacts strongly with PRL antibodies. The band becomes markedly altered by stimuli known to influence PRL secretion, such as nursing, estradiol benzoate, and perphenazine. By two-dimensional electrophoresis, it splits into at least three components, two of which have more acidic pi than PRL. The tyrosine peptide maps of the three proteins resemble that of PRL. These results indicate that the 21,000 Mr band consists of a cluster of proteins that are structural variants of PRL, raising the possibility that these variants result from alternative splicing of the PRL gene transcript. (Endocrinology 123: 1364–1370, 1988)
Imaging Studies of Reading Disabilities in Children

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) have a long history as a scientific tool in psychology and there has been an explosion of interest in using ERPs to identify differences between children with reading disabilities (RD) and typically developing children. This chapter reviews the use of ERPs to study RD in children, particularly the heterogeneous sets of paradigms, electrode configurations, and reported results. We further review more recent work with other imaging techniques covering samples in Response to Intervention (RTI) samples and introduces new data using ERPs in combination with RTI.
Re-defining pseudoptosis from a 3D perspective after short scar-medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty.

Summary Background Bottoming out is a well-known phenomenon described with reduction mammaplasty (RM). To date, the evaluation of post-operative bottoming out remains an imprecise science. The following study reports the application of three-dimensional (3D) photography to objectively investigate changes in breast morphology. Methods Patients undergoing medial pedicle RM had 3D photographs (Konica Minolta V910) taken during the early and late post-operative period (early=60–120 days; late=400–500 days). 3D images were compared and bottoming out was assessed with 3D parameters and vectors including total breast volume, volumetric tissue distribution above and below the Central (C) plane, distance of the C-plane to the lowest point of the breast, and maximum anterior-posterior projection from the chest wall. Results Post-operative images from 15 consecutive RM patients showed an average volume of 556+/−144cm3 (early) and 441+/−183cm3 (late). The percent of tissue in the upper pole of the breast changed from the early to late post-operative period (76% vs. 69%, respectively; p Conclusions This study objectively describes both the occurrence of bottoming out and the quantitative amount in terms of changes in volumetric distribution, surface topography and breast projection. With 3D photography, plastic surgeons can perform objective evaluation of breast transformation over time, which ultimately will aid in planning to allow for better surgical outcomes.
Extraction of Mutagens from Chlorinated Poultry Chiller Water

Poultry chiller water (PCW) was used as a model to study the formation of mutagens that can result from chlorinating waters of high organic content. The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test was used to evaluate solvent extracts of PCW. Pentane gave satisfactory extraction of mutagens without the emulsion problem encountered with dichloromethane, permitting the use of pentane in continuous extractors. Use of thiosulfate to remove residual chlorine in samples resulted in low mutagenicity. Mutagens were formed within minutes of chlorination and continued to change in amount during the next 1-2 hr. Mutagen formation was affected by pH and was proportional to chlorine dosage.
Shifting Effects of Ocean Conditions on Survival and Breeding Probability of a Long-Lived Seabird.

With a rapidly changing climate, there is an increasing need to predict how species will respond to changes in the physical environment. One approach is to use historic data to estimate the past influence of environmental variation on important demographic parameters and then use these relationships to project the abundance of a population or species under future climate scenarios. However, as novel climate conditions emerge, novel species responses may also appear. In some systems, environmental conditions beyond the range of those observed during the course of most long-term ecological studies are already evident. Yet little attention has been given to how these novel conditions may be influencing previously established environment-species relationships. Here, we model the relationships between ocean conditions and the demography of a long-lived seabird, Brandt's cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatusI), in central California and show that these relationships have changed in recent years. Beginning in 2007/2008, the response of Brandt's cormorant, an upper trophic level predator, to ocean conditions shifted, resulting in lower than predicted survival and breeding probability. Survival was generally less variable than breeding probability and was initially best predicted by the basin-scale forcing of the El Nino Southern Oscillation rather than local ocean conditions. The shifting response of Brandt's cormorant to ocean conditions may be just a proximate indication of altered dynamics in the food web and that important forage fish are not responding to the physical ocean environment as expected. These changing relationships have important implications for our ability to project the effects of future climate change for species and communities.
QUIC: quadratic approximation for sparse inverse covariance estimation

The l1-regularized Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) has been shown to have strong statistical guarantees in recovering a sparse inverse covariance matrix, or alternatively the underlying graph structure of a Gaussian Markov Random Field, from very limited samples. We propose a novel algorithm for solving the resulting optimization problem which is a regularized log-determinant program. In contrast to recent state-of-the-art methods that largely use first order gradient information, our algorithm is based on Newton's method and employs a quadratic approximation, but with some modifications that leverage the structure of the sparse Gaussian MLE problem. We show that our method is superlinearly convergent, and present experimental results using synthetic and real-world application data that demonstrate the considerable improvements in performance of our method when compared to previous methods.
In vivo activity of anprocide alone, and in vitro activity in combination with conventional antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms

The alarming spread of multiple drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, combined with the frequent occurrence of S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in biofilm-type infections, indicates a growing need for new therapies. The experimental steroidal amide anprocide [3β-acetoxy-17β-(l-prolyl)amino-5α-androstane] significantly reduced c.f.u. ml−1 per suture (P <0.0001) in a murine model of topical S. aureus infection. In chequerboard assays with planktonic-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis, anprocide was synergistic with bacitracin, oxacillin, clindamycin or ceftriaxone. Anprocide was also synergistic in combination with bacitracin or oxacillin against some isolates of biofilm-grown S. aureus and S. epidermidis.
Midfacial morphology in adult unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.

Abstract Objective: To examine lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult unoperated cleft lip and palate patients for the purpose of clarifying whether maxillary deficiencies observed in treated cleft patients result from intrinsic defects or surgical intervention early in life. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study examined lateral cephalograms of 30 adult patients with nonsyndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). The lateral cephalograms were traced and evaluated for size and position of the cranial base, maxilla, maxillary dentition, mandible, and mandibular dentition as well as for vertical relationships. Comparisons with 30 adult noncleft individuals were made. Results: In unoperated adult cleft lip and palate patients, the cranial base angle was increased with the anterior cranial base reduced in length. The maxilla was found to be normal in size and somewhat prognathic in position. Both the maxillary and mandibular incisors were relatively upright. The mandible was smal...
Diagnostic prediction of complex diseases using phase-only correlation based on virtual sample template

Complex diseases induce perturbations to interaction and regulation networks in living systems, resulting in dynamic equilibrium states that differ for different diseases and also normal states. Thus identifying gene expression patterns corresponding to different equilibrium states is of great benefit to the diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. However, it remains a major challenge to deal with the high dimensionality and small size of available complex disease gene expression datasets currently used for discovering gene expression patterns. Here we present a phase-only correlation (POC) based classification method for recognizing the type of complex diseases. First, a virtual sample template is constructed for each subclass by averaging all samples of each subclass in a training dataset. Then the label of a test sample is determined by measuring the similarity between the test sample and each template. This novel method can detect the similarity of overall patterns emerged from the differentially expressed genes or proteins while ignoring small mismatches. The experimental results obtained on seven publicly available complex disease datasets including microarray and protein array data demonstrate that the proposed POC-based disease classification method is effective and robust for diagnosing complex diseases with regard to the number of initially selected features, and its recognition accuracy is better than or comparable to other state-of-the-art machine learning methods. In addition, the proposed method does not require parameter tuning and data scaling, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of over-fitting and bias.
A Feminist Approach to the Empowerment of Women Mediators

The focus of this paper is on power and empowerment as experienced by women mediators. The approach to the topic is seated in phenomenology and feminist scholarship. The authors argue for the appro...
Computed Tomography of Adult Blunt Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma: Implications for Treatment and Interventions

Introduction Within the United States, trauma is the leading cause of death in children and adults between the ages of 1 and 44 years and the fourth largest cause of death across the entire US population. Blunt traumaticmechanisms account for 70% of all traumatic injury. Althoughmost blunt traumatic injury is related to motor vehicle collisions, blunt traumatic abdominal injury can also be seen in falls, assaults, and even medical techniques, such as the Heimlich maneuver or cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In blunt abdominal trauma, 3mechanisms are responsible for injury to abdominal organs and vasculature: deceleration, external compression, and crushing injuries. According to the American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria, patients who are hemodynamically unstable should not receive dedicated computed tomography (CT). In these patients, focused assessmentwith sonography for trauma (FAST) may be used in conjunction with chest and abdomen radiographs as part of a primary survey. FAST is useful in detecting abundant free intraperitoneal and pericardial fluid (blood) in hemodynamically unstable patients and can guide emergent surgery. Portable chest and abdomen radiographs typically complement FAST and serve to evaluate for abnormal gas or fluid collections, fractures, and position of lines and tubes in an unstable patient. Typically, unstable patients who do not respond to resuscitation undergo emergent surgical intervention without further imaging. However, in a hemodynamically stable patient (and increasingly, in a semistable patient), CT has become the standard for determining the extent of injury. Clinical examination and FAST notoriously underestimate intra-abdominal and pelvic injury, and missed injuries are a significant source of delayed morbidity and mortality. Nonsurgical management is the standard for all but
Relative influence of palatability on the consumption by sheep of diets diluted with 30 and 50 percent sawdust.

Abstract A technique of partial feeding through a ruminal fistula (Greenhalgh and Reid, Nature, 214:744. 1967) was used to assess the relative influence of palatability and digestibility on voluntary intake by sheep of diets diluted with 30 and 50% sawdust. The original technique can be applied, with some inaccuracy, to diets where intake and digestibility are positively correlated, but it cannot be logically applied to diets where intake and digestibility are negatively related. A modified calculation is proposed whereby an expected difference in food intake is calculated for the amount of diet dry matter necessary to achieve the same digestible energy or digestible organic matter intake. This modification, rather than using simply observed differences in intake, allows more accurate assessment of the influence of palatability and is applicable even to diets where intake and digestibility are negatively correlated. By this modified technique the relative involvement of palatability was only 6.7% in the food intake of the 50% sawdust diet in comparison to the 30% sawdust diet.
Supporting adult learning: enablers, barriers, and services

Adult learners are a large group for higher education including the computing and information technology programs. This paper provides a structured analysis of enablers and barriers to adult learning based on their characteristics and learning preferences. The paper proposes a general operational framework to support adult learners at different levels in educational institutions. The framework can be used as a guide for organizing adult learning support programs. Implications to IT education for adult learners are also discussed.
Bifurcating attractors and Galerkin approximates

Let = A0u + μA1u + J (u) be a Navier-Stokes parameterized evolution equation in a Hilbert space H and let F1 ⊂ F2 ⊂ F3 ⊂ … be an increasing sequence of finite dimensional spaces such that every Fn ⊕ ℝ contains the center-unstable linear subspace Hu ⊕ ℝ ⊂ H ⊕ ℝ of the system = A0u + μA1u + J (u), = 0. Then each Fn ⊕ ℝ determines a Galerkin approximant of the original system, with the same center-unstable linear subspace Hu ⊕ ℝ The flow on the center-unstable manifold of the original system may be identified with a parameterized flow on Hu given by x = f∞ (x,μ). The flow on the center-unstable manifold of the Galerkin approximant determined by Fn ⊕ ℝ may be identified with a parameterized flow on Hu given by ẋ = fn (x,μ). It is proved that Theorem I holds: in the Cktopology on a compact neighborhood of the origin in Hu ⊕ ℝ From this theorem it is concluded that Theorem 2 holds: If a certain priori bound holds relating f∞ and fn and an asymptotically stable set A of ẋ = fn (x,μ) near the origin, then ẋ = f∞ (x,μ) has an asymptotically stable set near the origin with the same Borsuk shape as A. Conversely, for each asymptotically stable set near the origin of ẋ = f∞(x,μ), there is one of the same Borsuk shape for ẋ = fn (x,μ) provided n is large enough. Informally, these results amount to the statement that asymptotically stable sets of the Navier-stokes equation, bifurcating from a steady solution, are recovered up to Borsuk shape by those of large enough Galerkin approximants.
Recent Petroleum Development in Illinois

During the past year new drilling in Illinois, especially in the deeper part of the Illinois basin, has been providing a wealth of new information on the subsurface geology of the region. Oil has been discovered in numerous widely scattered localities in the basin, but as yet the boundaries of the productive areas are largely undefined. Since May, 1937, approximately 4 million barrels of oil has been produced from the new fields and present indications are that reserves in the new areas will exceed 100 million barrels. The producing strata and the structures controlling the accumulations are discussed.
Rapid synthesis of high-performance thermoelectric materials directly from natural mineral tetrahedrite

Tetrahedrite-structure compounds, of general composition Cu12−xZnxSb4S13, are an earth-abundant alternative to PbTe for thermoelectric power generation applications in the intermediate high-temperature range (300–400°C). Tetrahedrites can be synthesized in the laboratory using a multi-step process involving long annealing times. However, this compound also exists in natural mineral form, and, in fact, is one of the most abundant copper-bearing minerals in the world. We show here that by simply mixing natural mineral tetrahedrite with pure elements through high-energy ball milling without any further heat treatment, we can successfully obtain material with figure of merit near unity at 723 K.
The Long‐Term Sustainability of IRT Scaling Methods in Mixed‐Format Tests

Due to recent research in equating methodologies indicating that some methods may be more susceptible to the accumulation of equating error over multiple administrations, the sustainability of several item response theory methods of equating over time was investigated. In particular, the paper is focused on two equating methodologies: fixed common item parameter scaling (with two variations, FCIP-1 and FCIP-2) and the Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling technique in the presence of nonequivalent groups. Results indicated that the improvements made to fixed common item parameter scaling in the FCIP-2 method were sustained over time. FCIP-2 and Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling performed similarly in many instances and produced more accurate results than FCIP-1. The relative performance of FCIP-2 and Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling depended on the nature of the change in the ability distribution: Stocking and Lord characteristic curve scaling captured the change in the distribution more accurately than FCIP-2 when the change was different across the ability distribution; FCIP-2 captured the changes more accurately when the change was consistent across the ability distribution.
Quasi-Passive Reconfigurable (QPAR) node enabled software-defined and energy-efficient intra-PON optical Flow transmission

We experimentally demonstrate error-free Intra-PON Flow transmission via a QPAR node. Simulations show Intra-PON outperforms regular PON in waiting time, blocking probability, throughput and energy consumption. Adaptive Intra-PON features up to 20% network cost reduction.
Imposing Liability as a Policy Choice: Holmesian 'Intuitions' and Superfund Reform

Courts, Congress, and commentators commonly justify the imposition of civil liability on non-blameworthy individuals by citing various societal imperatives once described Justice Holmes as "intuitions of public policy." The current debate over reforming the federal Superfund law illustrates the importance of examining these societal imperatives and "intuitions." The societal imperative on which Superfund's liability system is based is the "polluter pays" principle, and so the statute imposes liability on parties connected to hazardous waste sites for the considerable costs of cleaning up the sites. However, widespread agreement on the polluter pays principle at the time of Superfund's passage masked deep disagreements over the meaning and implementation of that principle, differences which continue to fuel the enormous body of Superfund litigation in the federal courts and the contentious and long-standing debate over Superfund reform in Congress. These differences include disagreements over the definition of what is fair, and over the relative importance of three rationales for imposing liability on polluters--illegality, culpability, and shifting disposal costs to society. The current logjam on liability reform can be broken only by examining more closely these liability rationales and the ways in which the current system reflects (or fails to reflect) them. Doing so reveals the likely existence of common ground on the merits and faults of the current system, and on parts of the prescription for reforming that system.
Relationship of Occupancy and Adequacy of Student Housing to Incidence of Acute Upper Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Three hundred twelve college students were observed for 60 days to determine the incidence of acute upper respiratory conditions. Students were grouped on the basis of (a) the number of persons sharing the sleeping room and (b) the size of the room. Diagnosis and case reporting were carried out by university staff physicians. Critical ratios were obtained to determine the significance of the differences in the incidence of otolaryngologic conditions between groups. Analysis of the data indicated that inadequacy of floor space is a more influential factor in upper respiratory illness than is the number of persons sharing a room.
COMPLETE HEART BLOCK AND VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA IN PRIMARY CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS: A DIAGNOSTIC DILEMMA

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease affecting mainly the lungs, but can involve other organs. Cardiac involvement is found in 25% of patient with sarcoidosis, however only 5% have clinical apparent disease. Sudden death caused by ventricular arrhythmia is one of
Dynamics of Change in Electrical Conductivity of Ion Irradiated Amorphous Silicon.

The dynamics of relaxation of amorphous silicon after unrelaxation (creation of defects) by irradiation with 600 KeV Kr ++ ions is investigated using the changes in electrical conductivity of amorphous silicon. By measuring the conductivity of such unrelaxed amorphous silicon after being partially relaxed by isochronal anneals in a temperature range from 383 to 873° K, it is shown that conductivity of amorphous silicon decreases monotonically by up to 3 orders of magnitude as it relaxes; i.e. that conductivity is a measure of the degree of relaxation. Furthermore, it is found that such change in conductivity can be completely reversed by a subsequent unrelaxation with ion irradiation. Continuous in situ measurements of conductivity of amorphous silicon before, during and immediately after irradiation in a temperature range from 77 to 573° K show that relaxation occurs even at 77°K. Finally, the relaxation of amorphous silicon thus measured is linear when plotted against ln(t), a behavior that is characteristic of relaxation with a spectrum of activation energies.
Jade Field: an innovative approach to high-pressure, high-temperature field development

The Jade Field is located in Block 30/2c in the UK Central North Sea and was discovered by well 30/2c-3 in 1996. It was then appraised by well 30/2c-4 in 1997, with first production in 2002. The decision to develop the field after only one appraisal well led to a degree of uncertainty in the field reserves and estimated production profiles. Consequently, the development programme was designed to include an element of further appraisal. The development plan included simultaneous drilling and production operations so reservoir pressure depletion, due to production, was recognized as a significant project challenge. Detailed contingency plans were formulated to ensure that well objectives were achieved, despite the potentially problematic reservoir conditions. The field produces gas and condensate from the Triassic Joanne and Judy Sandstones and is classified as a high-pressure, high-temperature field, with a wet gas-in-place estimate for the Joanne Sandstone of around 1000 BCF and for the Judy Sandstone of 150 BCF. This paper outlines the petroleum geology and development history of the field and the current understanding of these complex reservoirs.
Inhibition of Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT), Overexpression of Cholesterol Transporter Gene, and Protection of Amyloid β (Aβ) Oligomers-Induced Neuronal Cell Death by Tricyclic Pyrone Molecules

A major effort in Alzheimer’s disease therapeutic development has targeted Aβ and downstream events. We have synthesized a small library of tricyclic pyrone compounds. Their protective action in MC65 cells and inhibition of ACAT along with the upregulation of cholesterol transporter gene were investigated. Five active compounds exhibited potencies in the nanomolar ranges. The multiple effects of the compounds on Aβ and cellular cholesterol pathways could be potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects in vivo.
Ground states of conjugated molecules—VI : Calicene derivatives☆☆☆

Abstract Calculations have been carried out for calicene and its various possible benzo derivatives, by the semi-empirical SCF MO procedures described in previous papers. The results imply that calicene is not aromatic, showing strong bond fixation and having a negligible resonance energy.
China and Aging in the 21st Century:Challenges to Research and Practice

China's continuing rise in the 21st century and the rapid aging of its population have both received worldwide attention.This chapter reflects on the relevance of social research on aging in China by examining an original case study in conjunction with a review of the literature.Important issues such as tobacco use,gaps in research and a lack of intervention are pointed out to demonstrate potential challenges and opportunities for researchers,practitioners,and policy makers.The issues and possible solutions are analyzed from such inter-disciplinary perspectives as social medicine,behavioral health,mental health,stress,social support networks,community education,social welfare,and public policy.The discussions may provide some useful suggestions for professionals and guidance for students to pursue research and career interests in related fields.
The Development Situation and Future Trends of China's Beef Cattle Breeding Industry

In this paper, firstly analysis the basic situation, faced situation, development trends of the China's current beef cattle breeding industry. Then elaborate the existing problems, beef cow development assistant is insufficient, production development mode is backward, loan finance is difficulties, the regulato ry mechanisms of market inadequate. On this basis, related proposals: increase policy support for beef cow breeding, change the production development mode of beef cattle, strengthen the financial support for beef cattle breeding, perfectly the regulatory mechanism of market.
Bullous pemphigoid in a patient with psoriasis and possible drug reaction: a case report.

Bullous pemphigoid, first described in 1953 by Lever, is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease. As such, this disorder may be encountered relatively frequently in the dermatologist's office, though it is a rarity on the inpatient medicine wards. Lesions develop when autoantibodies are directed against glycoproteins BPAG1 and BPAG2, hemidesmosomes that are embedded in the epidermal basement membrane. The immune complex triggers a complement cascade that activates neutrophils and eosinophils, resulting in the release of proteolytic enzymes. As a result, subepidermal bullae develop; the diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of skin biopsy. The case ofbullous pemphigoid described here presented the treating team with some diagnostic challenges because of the patient's concomitant history of psoriasis and apparent dermatologic reaction to cephalexin. Though the patient's skin lesions resolved rapidly with appropriate treatment, the case generated many questions about the diagnosis and most effective management of bullous pemphigoid.
Nonprescription Antimicrobial Use in a Primary Care Population in the United States

Community antimicrobial resistance rates are high in communities with frequent use of nonprescription antibiotics. Studies addressing nonprescription antibiotic use in the United States have been restricted to Latin American immigrants. We estimated the prevalence of nonprescription antibiotic use in the previous 12 months as well as intended use (intention to use antibiotics without a prescription) and storage of antibiotics and examined patient characteristics associated with nonprescription use in a random sample of adults. We selected private and public primary care clinics that serve ethnically and socioeconomically diverse patients. Within the clinics, we used race/ethnicity-stratified systematic random sampling to choose a random sample of primary care patients. We used a self-administered standardized questionnaire on antibiotic use. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of nonprescription use. The response rate was 94%. Of 400 respondents, 20 (5%) reported nonprescription use of systemic antibiotics in the last 12 months, 102 (25.4%) reported intended use, and 57 (14.2%) stored antibiotics at home. These rates were similar across race/ethnicity groups. Sources of antibiotics used without prescriptions or stored for future use were stores or pharmacies in the United States, "leftover" antibiotics from previous prescriptions, antibiotics obtained abroad, or antibiotics obtained from a relative or friend. Respiratory symptoms were common reasons for the use of nonprescription antibiotics. In multivariate analyses, public clinic patients, those with less education, and younger patients were more likely to endorse intended use. The problem of nonprescription use is not confined to Latino communities. Community antimicrobial stewardship must include a focus on nonprescription antibiotics.
Bleeding in the Pelvis

Penetrating injury to the pelvis requires early rapid intervention via open surgery to control bleeding and contain contamination from the bowel. Vascular control outside of the pelvis should be achieved using anatomical exposure of the aorta and inferior vena cava. Distal control may be most effectively achieved using compression against the bony pelvis. Balloon occlusion catheters can be used for control of the hypogastric vessels. Once control is established, the total burden of injury and the complexity (i.e., time to repair) of the pelvic injury should guide the surgeon’s decision to ligate, shunt, or repair the vascular injury. Prosthetic material is usually the best choice when a conduit or patch is needed. Early fasciotomy and IVC filter should be employed liberally due the high rate of thromboembolic complications.
Coupled-cluster interpretation of the photoelectron spectrum of Ag3−

We use the scalar relativistic ionized equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (IP-EOMCC) approaches to investigate the photoelectron spectrum of Ag3−, examining the effects of basis set, number of correlated electrons, level of applied theory including up to 3-hole-2-particle terms, and geometry relaxation. By employing an IP-EOMCC-based extrapolation scheme, we are able to provide an accurate interpretation and complete assignment of peaks and other key features in the experimentally observed spectra, including electron binding energies as high as about 6.5 eV.