cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reticulated Hyperpigmentation as a Sign of Lichen Planopilaris.

Introduction Reticulated hyperpigmentation is a relatively uncommon dermatologic pattern. It is used to describe brown-colored skin lesions that manifest in a lacy or net-like distribution. When a clinician encounters a patient with reticulated hyperpigmentation, its location is often the most helpful feature in establishing a differential diagnosis. As this pattern is rarely observed on the scalp, this site is currently not included in the diagnostic approach. Case Presentation In this report, we present a case of lichen planopilaris (LPP) in a black man who presented with reticulated hyperpigmentation over the scalp. Conclusion We suggest that it may be warranted to add LPP to the differential diagnosis of reticulated hyperpigmentation, especially when arising on the scalp of darker skinned individuals.
A Vision of Numerically Controlled, Autonomous Manufacturing and Metal Forming

Here I lay out a vision for hybrid autonomous manufacturing. Imagine you have a robot-automaton machinist who really likes and knows deformation. What would this enable? What’s needed to get there? Use cases and brief research agenda are presented.
Changes in resting state functional connectivity associated with dynamic adaptation of wrist movements

Dynamic adaptation is an error-driven process of adjusting planned motor actions to changes in task dynamics (1). Adapted motor plans are consolidated into motor memories that contribute to better performance on re-exposure to the same dynamic condition. In parallel, dynamic perturbations can be compensated for by alternate motor control processes, such as co-contraction, that contribute to error reduction (2). Whether these control strategies share the same neural resources for memory formation is unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we used a novel fMRI-compatible wrist robot, the MR-SoftWrist (3), to identify neural processes specific to dynamic adaptation and subsequent memory formation. Using the MR-SoftWrist, we acquired fMRI during a motor performance and a dynamic perturbation task to localize brain networks of interest. Resting state fMRI scans were acquired immediately before and after task performance to quantify changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) within these networks. Twenty-four hours later, we assessed behavioral retention of training. A variance decomposition analysis was used to isolate behavior associated with adaptation versus alternate error reduction strategies. Immediately after the dynamic perturbation task, rsFC significantly increased within the corticothalamic-cerebellar network of the trained wrist and decreased interhemispherically within the cortical sensorimotor network. These changes were associated to behavioral measures of initial acquisition and retention, indicative of memory formation. Variance decomposition analysis revealed that increases within the cortico-thalamic-cerebellar network were associated with adaptation, while interhemispheric decreases in rsFC within the sensorimotor network were associated with alternate error reduction processes. Significance StatementMotor memory formation processes have been studied using resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) before and after exposure to adaptation tasks. However, due to technical limitations, previous studies have not investigated rsFC within brain regions localized during task execution, nor quantified rsFC within minutes after task performance. The present study used an fMRI-compatible wrist robot to localize relevant brain regions during dynamic adaptation within the cortico-thalamic-cerebellar network and bilateral sensorimotor network. Immediately following dynamic adaptation, we measured significant changes in rsFC within these networks, that were associated with adaptation behavior and with gains in behavior assessed 24 hours later, indicative of memory formation. Variance decomposition analysis identified distinct rsFC networks associated with adaptation specific processes, and with alternate motor control strategies.
Hsp70 modulates immune response in pancreatic cancer through dendritic cells.

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a protein chaperone, is known to promote cell survival and tumor progression. However, its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely unknown. We specificall...
Digital Intrapreneurship: A Work Climate Perspective

Digital intrapreneurs (DIs) act and behave in a similar way to typical digital entrepreneurs without the risk of the venture. Digital Intrapreneurship, however, is under the influence of different organizational factors. This study is meant to focus on the relationship between digital intrapreneurship behavior and the workplace climate—specifically, how the workplace climate can influence DIs’ ability to innovate and exploit digital technologies. Our study revealed that three key workplace climate dimensions play into the formation of digital intrapreneurship behavior: individual, situational and organizational factors. The individual factors are represented by motivations, digital literacy, goals, needs, and the DI’s mindset. The individual factors are affected by the different situational factors that consist of collaborative norms, workplace culture, and group dynamics. The situational factors are in close relationship with organizational factors: mission, core values, and the reward system. The study also concludes that technological factors like digital infrastructure play a key role in the relation of the DI work climate and DI activity enabled said factors.
Carcinoma of the Upper Colon

This chapter discusses the carcinoma of the upper colon. Cancers of the upper colon increase in frequency with age and are slightly more common among men than women. They occur in Los Angeles County and other regions with roughly equal frequency. These malignancies are more common in whites and African-Americans than in the other groups. They have occurred with a constant incidence over the period, both in the county as a whole and among the residents of high-risk census tracts. They are slightly more common among men of a higher social class. High-risk census tracts are scattered throughout the county, with small contiguous clusters and occasional census tracts showing high risk for both sexes. Before and after adjustment for social class, the only concentration of these contiguous census tracts is found in South Central Los Angeles. Lower risk to Latinos and Asian-Americans and the evidence of census tracts with unexpectedly a few cases may indicate that census tracts with large numbers of low-risk immigrants have been spared. The reason for the cluster of high-risk neighborhoods in South Central Los Angeles is unknown, although it is consistent with a local maldistribution of dietary factors hypothesized to be either causal or protective for colon cancer.
The Relationship Between Environmental Exposure to Phthalates and Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis Motion Parameters

The general population is exposed to phthalates through consumer products, diet, and medical devices. The present study explored whether phthalates, reproductive toxins in laboratory animals, were associated with altered sperm movement characteristics in men. Two-hundred twenty subjects provided a semen sample for computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and a urine sample for measurement of phthalate monoesters, monoethyl (MEP), monobenzyl (MBzP), mono-n-butyl (MBP), mono-2-ethylhexyl (MEHP), and monomethyl (MMP). Three CASA parameters, straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and linearity (LIN), were used as measures of sperm progression, sperm vigor, and swimming pattern, respectively. There were suggestive dose-response relationships (shown as the predicted change in mean sperm motion parameter for the second and third tertiles compared with the first tertile; P value for trend) for MBzP with VSL (-2.36 microm/s, -2.81 microm/s; P =.09) and VCL (-1.67 microm/s, -2.45 microm/s; P =.4). There were suggestive negative associations between MBP and VSL (-3.07 microm/s, -2.87 microm/s; P =.08) and VCL (-3.25 microm/s, -3.46 microm/s; P =.2), and between MEHP with VSL (-1.09 microm/s, -2.73 microm/s; P =.1) and VCL (-0.29 microm/s, -2.93 microm/s; P =.3). In contrast to the other phthalates, MEP was positively associated with VSL and VCL but negatively associated with LIN. No consistent relationship was found for MMP and any sperm motion parameter. Although we did not find statistically significant associations, trends between CASA parameters, sperm velocity, and forward progression, and increased urinary levels of MBP, MBzP, and MEHP warrant further follow-up.
Armstrong II: a loosely coupled multiprocessor with a reconfigurable communications architecture

The Armstrong II processing node is a new addition to the Armstrong multiprocessor system. This new design greatly enhances the processing and network performance, yet is relatively simple, inexpensive and easily reproduced. Network performance is improved through the addition of a dedicated communications processor closely linked with a reconfigurable element, which allows testing of different communication architectures after the board is fabricated, and also provides a bridge not only to previously designed processing nodes, but also to future nodes. >
EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINASE OF STREPTOCOCCUS LACTIS.

Williamson, W. T. (North Carolina State of the University of North Carolina, Raleigh), S. B. Tove, and M. L. Speck. Extracellular proteinase of Streptococcus lactis. J. Bacteriol. 87:49–53. 1964.—Streptococcus lactis was shown to produce an extracellular proteolytic enzyme(s). A 120-fold purification of the proteinase was obtained from the cell-free culture medium by ammonium sulfate fractionation, calcium phosphate gel treatment, and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Only 32% of the activity was destroyed by heating at 98 C for 1 hr. The requirement of free sulfhydryl groups for enzyme activity was indicated by inhibition with p-chloromercuric benzoate. Diisopropyl fluorophosphate did not inhibit the proteinase.
Secondhand Smoke Induces Allergic Sensitization in Mice

Epidemiological studies have suggested increased prevalence of atopy in children of maternal smokers. Although secondhand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been shown to augment allergic responses, its role in atopic sensitization is still controversial. We studied whether ETS could initiate a Th2 response and thus induce primary allergic sensitization. Mice were exposed for 10 consecutive days to either 1% aerosolized OVA, ETS (5 cigarettes), or both ETS and OVA. C57BL/6 mice receiving both ETS and OVA developed OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, 12, 14, and 25 days after the initial exposure, whereas those receiving OVA alone did not. Thirty days after the initial challenge (20 days after its completion), mice were re-exposed to OVA. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed 24 h later revealed an influx of eosinophils in the group initially challenged with both ETS and OVA, but not in those exposed to ETS alone or OVA alone. Increases in IL-5, GM-CSF, and IL-2 were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage from this OVA/ETS-exposed group, whereas IFN-γ levels were significantly inhibited. These results suggest that ETS can induce allergic sensitization to a normally harmless Ag, and they may explain why secondhand smoke is a major risk factor for the development of allergy in children.
Real world experiences in a software engineering course

How can we get students to understand software engineering? This is the basic question we will try to answer in this paper. We describe a course in which students learn about and use software engineering principles to create a software system that will be used in an actual setting. In this paper we describe this course and document our experience across several terms. In addition we describe the software system implemented as this has relevance to the process of accreditation. In the context of continuous improvement, the experiences represent lessons learned for ongoing offerings of the course. Our goal is to offer a course where students are engaged in a project where the only way to accomplish the goals for the course are to use the methodologies studied in class. The purpose of this paper is to document how we teach this software engineering course and also to document our experiences with students in the course.
Raman laser temperature-jump kinetics

Abstract The Raman laser temperature-jump technique is described, and its advantages and limitations are discussed. Applications to stacking reactions and spin
Modeling the Suitability of Potential Wetland Mitigation Sites with a Geographic Information System

Wetland mitigation is frequently required to compensate for unavoidable impacts to wetlands. Site conditions and landscape context are critical factors influencing the functions that created wetlands perform. We developed a spatial model and used a geographic information system (GIS) to identify suitable locations for wetland mitigation sites. The model used six variables to characterize site conditions: hydrology, soils, historic condition, vegetation cover, adjacent vegetation, and land use. For each variable, a set of suitability scores was developed that indicated the wetland establishment potential for different variable states. Composite suitability scores for individual points on the landscape were determined from the weighted geometric mean of suitability scores for each variable at each point. These composite scores were grouped into five classes and mapped as a wetland mitigation suitability surface with a GIS. Sites with high suitability scores were further evaluated using information on the feasibility of site modification and project cost. This modeling approach could be adapted by planners for use in identifying the suitability of locations as wetland mitigation sites at any site or region.
Applications and status of OLED technology relative to mobile product requirements

In this paper we describe the applications and status of OLED technology to produce displays ideally suited for mobile applications. In particular, we focus on phosphorescent OLED (PHOLED) technology to reduce display power consumption and flexible OLED (FOLED) technology to reduce the display thickness and weight. We show that PHOLED displays can consume less power than an equivalent backlit AMLCD, and have excellent visual performance characteristics which make these displays highly desirable for portable communication devices. We will then describe an example of a unique communication device, a Universal Communication Device (UCD), based on flexible PHOLED technology, to produce a powerful communication device with a low power consumption and a light weight and very portable form factor. This device, enabled by a roll-out phosphorescent active-matrix display fabricated on a metallic or plastic substrate, is of great interest for a range of both consumer and military products.
Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values: diagnosing purple mange.

Purpose: To shed light on several epidemiological terms for better understanding of diagnostic testing measures by using a mythical condition, “purple mange.” Data sources: Scientific literature related to epidemiology and statistical tests. Conclusions: Nurse practitioners (NPs) use the concepts of sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) daily in primary care and specialty areas. In addition, PPV and NPV vary with the prevalence of a condition. At times, NPs misunderstand the meaning of these terms. Implications for practice: In order to develop appropriate treatment plans, an understanding of the concepts of SEN, SPEC, PPV, and NPV is important for interpreting test results. The authors have used this mythical condition purple mange as a teaching tool for NP students.
Vapor-gel deposition method for optical coatings

A vapor-gel process is implemented to achieve deposition of stoichiometric LiTaO 3 on a variety of substrates using LiTa(OBut n )6 precursor. Such process involves the vapor- phase hydrolysis of volatile double alkoxides, and polycondensation of the partially hydrolyzed double alkoxide on heated substrates. It was demonstrated that an intrinsically stoichiometric vapor-deposition can be realized using heterometalorganic complexes and the hydrolysis- polycondensation reaction scheme. We report typical deposition and annealing conditions used in this study, x-ray diffraction, SEM and composition analyses of the films grown on fused silica, Pt, sapphire (1010) and LiNbO 3 (0006). Composition analysis achieved by measurement of lattice parameters confirmed that the vapor-gel method using double alkoxide can produce high quality, stoichiometric LiTaO 3 . Mass spectrometric study of the precursor compound LiTa(OBut n )6 suggests that the volatile species responsible for the stoichiometric vapor deposition is Li 2 Ta 2 (OBut n )12. Rocking curve measurement indicated excellent epitaxial growth of LiTaO 3 on LiNbO 3 (0006).
Comprehensive imaging of gastroesophageal biopsy samples by spectrally encoded confocal microscopy

Background Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal microscopy technique that has the potential to be used for acquiring comprehensive images of the entire distal esophagus endoscopically with subcellular resolution. Objective The goal of this study was to demonstrate large-area SECM in upper GI tissues and to determine whether the images contain microstructural information that is useful for pathologic diagnosis. Design A feasibility study. Setting Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients Fifty biopsy samples from 36 patients undergoing routine EGD were imaged by SECM, in their entirety, immediately after their removal. Results The microstructure seen in the SECM images was similar to that seen by histopathology. Gastric cardia mucosa was clearly differentiated from squamous mucosa. Gastric fundic/body type mucosa showed more tightly packed glands than gastric cardia mucosa. Fundic gland polyps showed cystically dilated glands lined with cuboidal epithelium. The presence of intraepithelial eosinophils was detected with the cells demonstrating a characteristic bilobed nucleus. Specialized intestinal metaplasia was identified by columnar epithelium and the presence of goblet cells. Barrett's esophagus (BE) with dysplasia was differentiated from specialized intestinal metaplasia by the loss of nuclear polarity and disorganized glandular architecture. Limitations Ex vivo, descriptive study. Conclusions Large-area SECM images of gastroesophageal biopsy samples enabled the visualization of both subcellular and architectural features of various upper GI mucosal types and were similar to the corresponding histopathologic slides. These results suggest that the development of an endoscopic SECM probe is merited.
Glia get excited

A new study shows that a subset of the glia that express the proteoglycan NG2 can fire action potentials, contradicting the dogma that only neurons are excitable in the brain. These glia receive excitatory and inhibitory synaptic input, are selectively vulnerable to ischemia and are present into adulthood, though their function remains mysterious.
Argentina’s Trials New Ways of Writing Memory

The last Argentine dictatorship (1976–1983) left a legacy of an estimated 30,000 desaparecidos (disappeared people). Three decades later, the wall of impunity is now being torn down. Trials are spreading across Argentina and hundreds of repressors are being judged. These trials are public spaces for collective memory making, political arenas for competing memory battles, and forums in which new information and perspectives about what happened under state terrorism continually emerge. Through the testimonies of survivors and the claims of the defense teams we gain new knowledge about the level and scope of the human rights abuses, how the repressive apparatus worked, the everyday “normality” of state terrorism, and society’s complicity.La ultima dictadura argentina (1976–1983) dejo un legado de cerca de 30,000 desaparecidos. Tres decadas mas tarde, el muro de la impunidad esta siendo derribado. Los juicios se multiplican por todo el pais y cientos de represores estan siendo enjuiciados. Estos juicios son e...
Comparison of the Digestible Dry Matter Harvest from Orchardgrass and Bromegrass Pastures by Grazing Cows

Summary A comparison of the yield of total dry matter and digestible dry matter from orchardgrass and bromegrass pasture plots was made during the pasture seasons of 1957 and 1958. Both grass species were seeded at the same time (August, 1955) and given identical subsequent management. The yields were determined by measuring the total harvests grazed by cows for each season. A combination of fecal chromogens and chromium sesquioxide indicators was employed. Determinations of yield were made at approximately 2-wk. intervals throughout the pasture seasons. The yield of dry matter from the bromegrass plots was 85.6 and 85.0% of that from the orchardgrass in 1957 and 1958, respectively. There was also a significant difference in digestibility favoring the orchardgrass. The stand of orchardgrass was maintained well throughout the trials, whereas only a poor stand of bromegrass survived.
Aggressive experience increases dendritic spine density within the nucleus accumbens core in female Syrian hamsters.

Abstract Activity within the mesolimbic dopamine system is associated with the performance of naturally motivated behaviors, one of which is aggression. In male rats, aggressive behavior induces neurochemical changes within the nucleus accumbens, a key structure within the mesolimbic dopamine system. Corresponding studies have not been done in females. Female Syrian hamsters live as isolates and when not sexually responsive are aggressive toward either male or female intruders, making them an excellent model for studying aggression in females. We took advantage of this naturally expressed behavior to examine the effects of repeated aggressive experience on the morphology of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, utilizing a DiOlistic labeling approach. We found that repeated aggressive experience significantly increased spine density within the nucleus accumbens core, with no significant changes in any other brain region examined. At the same time, significant changes in spine morphology were observed in all brain regions following repeated aggressive experience. These data are significant in that they demonstrate that repeated exposure to behaviors that form part of an animal’s life history will alter neuronal structure in a way that may shift neurobiological responses to impact future social interactions.
Ultramafic rock/seawater interaction in the oceanic crust: Mg-silicate (sepiolite) deposit from the Indian Ocean floor

A deposit consisting almost exclusively of the Mg-silicate sepiolite has been sampled from the Owen transform zone in the western Indian Ocean. This deposit is associated with basaltic, gabbroic and ultramafic rocks. On the basis of major, trace and rare earth elemental composition, strontium and oxygen isotopic ratios, as well as of theoretical considerations, the sepiolite deposit appears to have formed neither from seawater nor from solutions resulting from the interaction of seawater with the basaltic crust. Interaction of ultramafic rocks with seawater circulating in the crust, particularly in transform zones, may produce solutions which at low temperature (<100°C) become enriched in Mg and/or Si, and can give rise to precipitation of sepiolite on or below the sea floor. The ratio of Mg to Si in the solutions is probably a factor in determining whether sepiolite or another Mg-silicate (i.e., one of the serpentine polymorphs) is deposited.
Surface Morphology Improvement and Repeatable Doping Characterization of 4H-SiC Epitaxy Grown on 4° Off-Axis 4H-SiC Wafers

4H Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) has a great potential for low-loss power devices due to its superior electrical properties. However, the increase in demand for the power devices requires high quality SiC substrates and epitaxial layers. Mercury probe Capacitance Voltage (Hg CV) measurement is a well known procedure to characterize epi layers grown on SiC substrates, due to its non-destructive technique. However, careful calibration of the tool is very important for repeatable and accurate measurements. Here we present very close repeatability of Hg CV within 2.4% (standard deviation 0.7%), between different Solid State Measurements (SSM) setups compared with Ni Schottky (NiS) CV. In addition to growing uniformly doped epi layers, high surface quality of the epi layer is also needed for improved device performance. Improved process conditions resulted in a smooth epi with a surface roughness Ra 1.2 nm for a 6 µm thick epi layer. Molten Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) etching analysis also revealed a significant correlation between the surface roughness and epi defects.
Risk Factors for Unsuccessful Testing During the Intracarotid Amobarbital Procedure in Preadolescent Children

Summary: Purpose: Identification of risk factors for unsuccessful testing during intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) in preadolescent children. Methods: A pediatric IAP protocol was attempted in 42 candidates for epilepsy surgery (5–12 years old; mean, 10 years) based on the ability to pass a practice test. Language dominance was defined by marked asymmetry until first verbal response and paraphasic errors. Intact hemispheric memory was defined by recall of 60% of test items. The odds ratios of baseline variables (age at IAP, Full-Scale IQ, side of disease, age at seizure onset, amobarbital dose) were calculated for various IAP outcomes. Results: IAPs were accomplished in 40 children. Language dominance was established in 25 (62.5%) of 40 patients: all 21 focal resection candidates were left language dominant; four hemispherectomy candidates had intact language after injection of the damaged hemisphere. In 12 (30%) of 40 patients, language testing failed because of agitation or obtundation. Compared with the 21 children with language dominance established by bilateral IAP, these 12 children had lower mean Full-Scale IQ (66.4 vs. 87.9; p = 0.014), and more frequently, the epileptogenic lesion in the left hemisphere (presumed dominant by right-handedness; 78 vs. 33%; p = 0.04). Excluding hemispherectomy candidates (intentionally only one injection), memory testing could not be completed in 13 (36%) of 36 children because of obtundation or agitation. These children were significantly younger than the 23 (64%) of 36 with successful bilateral memory testing (mean age, 107.6 vs. 128.7 months; p = 0.006). The eight (25%) of 32 children with failing retention scores after ipsilateral injection had lower Full-Scale IQ than did the 24 (75%) patients who passed (mean, 59.6 vs. 81.7 months; p = 0.03). Conclusions: The IAP successfully established hemispheric language dominance and memory representation for just under two thirds of the preselected preadolescent children. Risk factors for unsuccessful testing included low Full-Scale IQ (especially <80), young age (especially <10 years), and seizures arising from the left hemisphere presumed dominant by right-handedness.
From behind the curtain: talking about values in LCA

Practitioners of life cycle assessment (LCA) acknowledge that more input from social scientists can help advance the cause of life cycle management (LCM). This commentary offers a social science perspective on a long-running question within LCA, namely, how the field should manage not only stakeholders’ values but also those of practitioners themselves. More than 60 interviews were conducted with LCA practitioners and their industry clients. Qualitative data were also collected through participant observation at several LCA and LCM conferences, a study of the field’s history, and extensive content and discourse analysis of LCA publications and online forums. Results show that LCA practitioners’ values are informed partly by the knowledge acquired through their LCA work. At the same time, LCA standards and professional norms implicitly advise practitioners to keep those values out of their work as much as possible, so as not to compromise its apparent objectivity. By contrast, many social scientists contend openly that value-based judgments, based on “situated knowledge,” can actually enhance the rigor, accountability, and credibility of scientific assessments. LCA practitioners’ own situated knowledge justifies not only the value choices required by LCA but also their evaluative judgments of contemporary life cycle-based sustainability initiatives. This more critical voice could advance the goals of LCM while also boosting the credibility of LCA more generally.
LOCAL CHANGES OF SALINITY AND NUTRIENTS OFF THE MOUTH OF THE COLUMBIA RIVER1

Data from three anchor stations near the mouth of the Columbia River show that there is a large spatial and temporal variability of salinity, silicate, nitrate, ancl phosphate during both high and low discharge periods. The respective ratios of these nutrients to salinity reflect the contributions of river effluent and deeper upwelled water. Prediction curves based on simple mixtures of river water or deeper oceanic water with coastal surface water can be used to estimate concentrations of the nonconservative materials. These data demonstrate again that routine measurement of chemical parameters from single oceanographic casts in regions near river mouths does not assure the observer of obtaining values representative in either time or space.
Response of sheep after localized deposition of lipopolysaccharide in the lung.

Deposition by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pasteur-ella haemolytica (Type I A) or Escherichia coli (Type 026-.B6) into the lungs of sheep elicited a variety of clinical and pathologic reactions. Sheep given P. haemolytica LPS developed a biphasic hematologic response: a marked decline in leukocyte counts in 4 h that was followed in 18 h by a mild leukocytosis. A gradual rise in leukocyte counts was seen in sheep given E. coli LPS. Neutrophil counts gradually increased after deposition with either LPS, but lymphocyte counts fluctuated with the total leukocyte counts. Body temperature remained normal after LPS deposition. A marked increase in total lung lavage cell counts was observed 22 h after LPS deposition. Up to 83% of the lavage cells were neutrophils. Both LPS induced diffuse fibrinopurulent inflammation, edema, hyperemia, and hemorrhage in the lungs. LPS from P. haemolytica also caused foci of necrosis. In contrast, distilled water caused diffuse edema and hyperemia, with...
Transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis in ring-necked pheasants.

Summary(1) Six of 14 ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus torquatus) were infected following oral instillation of measured doses of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus. In one instance as little as 165 mouse LD50 doses administered through this route were sufficient to induce infection. (2) EEE virus was recovered from blood, brain and oral secretions but not from the cloacal contents of pheasants infected by either subcutaneous inoculation or oral instillation of the agent. (3) EEE infection spread from 2 inoculated pheasants to 19 of 20 contacts in each of 2 pheasant flocks maintained in screened pens and further protected against arthropods through the use of insecticides. Transmission was apparently completed during the first 4 days of contact between inoculated and exposed birds. The infection did not spread to susceptible control birds in contiguous enclosures. (4) The findings were discussed in regard to their possible application in future studies.
Embedding grids into hypercubes

Abstract We consider efficient simulations of mesh connected networks (or good representations of array structures) by hypercube machines. In particular, we consider embedding a mesh or grid G into the smallest hypercube that at least as many points as G, called the optimal hypercube for G. In order to minimize simulation time we derive embeddings which minimize dilation, i.e., the maximum distance in the hypercube between images of adjacent points of G. Our results are: (1) There is a dilation 2 embedding of the [m × k] grid into its optimal hypercube, provided that ⌈ log m⌉+ log mk 2 ⌈ log m⌉ + log m 2 ⩽⌈ log mk⌉ and (2) For any k B k = a d ∏ k i=1 a i ∏ k i=1 2 ⌈ log a i ⌉ + ∑ i=1 k ⌊ log a 1 ⌋ 2 ⌉
Floor-supply displacement ventilation for workshops

Abstract This paper reported the investigation of the performance of floor-supply displacement ventilation with swirl diffusers or perforated panels under a high cooling load (nearly 90 W/m2). The experiment was carried out in a full-scale environmental chamber to obtain reliable data on the floor-supply displacement ventilation for the validation of a computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) program. Numerical simulations using CFD program were to evaluate the performance of the system for a large workshop. The impacts of several parameters, such as the air change rate, number of diffusers, diffuser location, occupant location, furniture arrangement, partition location, and arrangement of exhausts, on the indoor environment were investigated based on the thermal comfort level and indoor air quality. This study ranked the impacts of these parameters on indoor environment.
Interaction of 6-Methylaminopurine and Adenine in Division of Soybean Cells

CELL division in many cultured plant tissues is known to be promoted by kinetin (6-furfurylamino purine) and related compounds1. Among these related compounds is a series of 6-n-alkylamino-purines. Tests at the University of Wisconsin with tobacco callus tissue revealed no activity for 6-methylaminopurine (MAP), a slight activity for the ethyl compound, and increasing activity through the series n-propyl-, n-butyl-, n-pentyl-, and n-hexyl-aminopurine, with the hexyl and pentyl compounds giving much the same results; activity then decreased with increasing size of the alkyl group2. A similar alignment was obtained for these compounds by Kuraishi3 using a radish leaf disk test dependent on cell enlargement rather than division. Kuraishi, however, did observe a slight activity for the 6-methylaminopurine. Recently, I have obtained almost identical results for the series in another cell division test4 which utilizes tissues derived from soybean (Glycine max. var. Acme) cotyledons.
The Power of Practitioner Expertise: Building and Using Teacher Knowledge in Service of School Reform

In a policy climate driven by tests and external mandates, theories of school reform that place teachers, their knowledge, and their relationships at the heart of school improvement have garnered attention as promising alternatives. Yet little exists in print about how such theories actually work or what these approaches look like in practice. This article attempts to open up that black box by offering one example of these reform theories in action. The example derives from a study of the goals, structure, and nature of support provided within one particular network—the Middle College National Consortium (MCNC)—toward the implementation of a reform called Early College. In providing technical assistance to schools, teachers, and organizations within and outside of its membership, the MCNC network presumed that the knowledge for implementing the Early College reform, from technical details to substantive strategies for teaching, learning, and student support, inhered in the experience and expertise of vete...
Exercise-Related Atrioventricular Block: Influence of Myocardial Ischemia

A 62-year-old woman was noted to have complete heart block immediately following an exercise stress test. Coronary arteriography subsequently revealed a significant lesion in the right coronary artery, which was successfully dilated. Thallium-exercise testing following angioplasty showed no evidence of inducible ischemia and no arrhythmia was seen, supporting the idea that exercise-related heart block may occur secondary to myocardial ischemia.
Peripatus from St. Vincent

SOME of the readers of NATURE will doubtless be interested to learn that, while collecting in St. Vincent on behalf of the Committee appointed for the investigation of the fauna and flora of the Lesser Antilles, Mr. H. H. Smith obtained five examples of the genus Peripatus.
New cytolysins in sea anemones from the west coast of the United States.

Abstract Seven kinds of sea anemones and the sea pansy, Renilla kollikeri , were examined for the presence of cytolytic toxins. Tealia lofotensis and Epiactis prolfiera yielded very potent lytic preparations whereas extracts of Anthopleura xanthogrammica , A. elegantissima , A. artemisia , Corynactis california , Pachycerianthus torreyi and R. kollikeri showed weaker cytolytic activity. Lysins were examined with respect to lytic potency on erythrocytes from man, sheep, rabbit, dog and horse. Their capacity to be inhibited by the major lipids of the erythrocyte membrane was examined with the finding that sphingomyelin specifically prevented lysis by preparations obtained from E. prolifera and A. xanthogrammica . Lysins of T. lofotensis and R. kollikeri were isoelectric at pH 9·4 and 4·2, respectively. That of A. xanthogrammica electrofocused as two components, one at pH 9·4 and one at pH 4·2. That of E. prolifera also electrofocused as two components, one at pH 6·5 and one at pH 8·3. Molecular weights ranged from approximately 10,000 to > 100,000. The data suggest the existence of a variety of cytolysins in different sea anemones.
Volume holographic phase-retardation elements

The form birefringence of subwavelength period gratings can be applied to realize phase-retardation elements. Previous researchers used high-frequency surface relief structures or sinusoidal gratings formed in photoresist to fabricate phase-retardation elements. We present the performance of a volume holographic quarter-wave phase-retardation element formed in a dichromated gelatin emulsion for operation at 632.8 nm. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a retardation element exhibiting this magnitude of phase delay in a volume material. The phase properties of volume gratings are investigated by both effective medium theory and rigorous coupled-wave analysis.
The application of potential-pH diagrams to solvent extraction systems

Abstract Representations of the stability zones of various metal ion species in aqueous solution that are in equilibrium with an organic phase have proved to be useful for the understanding of reactions that occur in liquid—liquid extraction systems. Computer techniques have been developed for the generation of potential—pH diagrams for systems that are of interest in liquid—liquid extraction. The experimental conditions that are required for the selective extraction of copper, nickel and cobalt from deep-sea ferromanganese nodules are in agreement with the values that have been obtained from the computer-generated potential—pH diagrams.
The C. elegans peroxidasin PXN-2 is essential for embryonic morphogenesis and inhibits adult axon regeneration

Peroxidasins form a highly conserved family of extracellular peroxidases of unknown cellular function. We identified the C. elegans peroxidasin PXN-2 in screens for mutants defective in embryonic morphogenesis. We find that PXN-2 is essential for specific stages of embryonic morphogenesis and muscle-epidermal attachment, and is also required postembryonically for basement membrane integrity. The peroxidase catalytic activity of PXN-2 is necessary for these developmental roles. pxn-2 mutants display aberrant ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix, suggesting a role in basement membrane consolidation. PXN-2 affects specific axon guidance choice points in the developing nervous system but is dispensable for maintenance of process positions. In adults, loss of pxn-2 function promotes regrowth of axons after injury, providing the first evidence that C. elegans extracellular matrix can play an inhibitory role in axon regeneration. Loss of function in the closely related C. elegans peroxidasin pxn-1 does not cause overt developmental defects. Unexpectedly, pxn-2 mutant phenotypes are suppressed by loss of function in pxn-1 and exacerbated by overexpression of wild-type pxn-1, indicating that PXN-1 and PXN-2 have antagonistic functions. These results demonstrate that peroxidasins play crucial roles in development and reveal a new role for peroxidasins as extracellular inhibitors of axonal regeneration.
Precision measurement of the three 2(3)P(J) helium fine structure intervals.

The three ${2}^{3}P$ fine structure intervals of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ are measured at an improved accuracy that is sufficient to test two-electron QED theory and to determine the fine structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ to 14 parts in ${10}^{9}$. The more accurate determination of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, to a precision higher than attained with the quantum Hall and Josephson effects, awaits the reconciliation of two inconsistent theoretical calculations now being compared term by term. A low pressure helium discharge presents experimental uncertainties quite different than for earlier measurements and allows direct measurements of light pressure shifts.
Mental Health Attitudes Among Rural and Urban Older Adults

This study compared samples of rural (n = 107) and urban older adults (n = 126), to explore differences in their attitudes toward mental health and mental health services. The moderating role that ...
Flame resistant cotton fabrics prepared by radiation‐initiated polymerization with vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N‐methylolacrylamide

Radiation-initiated polymerization of vinyl phosphonate oligomer (molecular weight 500–1000) and N-methylolacrylamide from aqueous solutions was investigated with cotton printcloth, flanelette, and sateen fabrics and with cotton (50%)–polyester (50%) flannelette fabrics. Determinations were made of the effects of radiation dosage, mole ratio of vinyl phosphonate in the oligomer to N-methylolacrylamide in aqueous solution, concentration of reactants, wet pickup of solutions on fabrics, and irradiation of both dry and wet fabrics on efficiency of conversion of oligomer and monomer in solution to polymer add-on. The effects of vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N-methylolacrylamide radiation-initiated polymerization on some of the textile properties of cotton printcloth and on flame resistances of cotton and cotton–polyester fabrics were evaluated. The breaking strength of modified cotton printcloth was about the same as that of unmodified fabric; however, the tearing strength and flex abrasion resistance of modified fabric were reduced. The textile hand of the modified printcloth fabrics that had flame resistance indicated: interaction between cellulose and vinyl phosphonate oligomer–poly(N-methylolacrylamide) and uniform deposition in the fibrous cross section (transmission electron microscopy); surface areas of heavy deposits of oligomer–polymer (scanning electron microscopy); and phosphorus located throughout the fibrous cross section (energy dispersive x-ray analysis). Polymerization of vinyl phosphonate oligomer and N-methylolacrylamide was radiation initiated with cotton–polyester fabric; however, this modified fabric did not have flame-resistant properties.
Electroless gold plating of 316 L stainless steel beads

This paper describes an electroless gold plating process for particulate 316L stainless steel. The process is based on a mildly acidic gold sodium thiosulfate/ascorbic acid plating solution and is performed under an inert environment at room temperature. The process affords a gold deposition efficiency of ∼50% as inferred from a modified tin chloride based spectrophotometric assay for gold ion concentration. Successful gold deposition depended on the removal of the thin, passivating surface oxide layer on the stainless steel; this was accomplished by an initial cleaning step with 2 M HCl. In situ cyclic voltammetry experiments on a stainless steel electrode and atomic force microscopy scans on small coupons were used to further characterize the oxide removal and gold deposition reactions.
Experimental infection of rabbits with ovine herpesvirus 2 from sheep nasal secretions

Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a generally fatal disease that primarily occurs in ruminants and is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses. Outside of Africa MCF is mainly caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) which is carried subclinically by sheep. Cell-free virus is present in nasal secretions of shedding sheep and aerosol is the primary mode of transmission. Although OvHV-2 has never been propagated in vitro, experimental infection involving intranasal nebulization with nasal secretions from shedding sheep has been used to induce MCF in cattle and bison. This method of inoculation has never been tested in rabbits, which are the primary small animal model. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rabbits become infected with OvHV-2 after intranasal nebulization with cell-free virus from sheep nasal secretions and whether they develop MCF with consistent gross and histologic lesions. Five of eight rabbits became infected, showed clinical signs and developed histologic lesions typical of MCF including multisystemic vasculitis and perivascular lymphoid accumulation. These lesions are similar to those reported in rabbits infected by intravenous injection with tissues from clinically affected animals containing cell-associated virus. Viral DNA and mRNA transcripts of a structural viral protein were present in tissues from affected rabbits suggesting that viral replication occurred, although the significance in terms of pathogenesis is unknown. This work demonstrates that OvHV-2 infection of rabbits by intranasal nebulization is a potentially useful model that mimics the natural route of infection and may be used to study viral replication and pathogenesis.
Self-assembled bilayers on indium-tin oxide (SAB-ITO) electrodes: A design for chromophore-catalyst photoanodes

A novel approach for creating assemblies on metal oxide surfaces via the addition of a catalyst overlayer on a chomophore monolayer derivatized surface is described. It is based on the sequential self-assembly of a chromophore, [Ru(bpy)(4,4′-(PO3H2bpy)2)]2+, and oxidation catalyst, [Ru(bpy)(P2Mebim2py)OH2]2+, pair, resulting in a spatially separated chromophore–catalyst assembly.