cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A channel caching scheme on an optical bus-based distributed architecture

Summary form only given. Reducing the effect of hot spots is increasingly important to gain performance out of modern processor clusters. Traditionally, compiler techniques have been used for static analysis of hot spot patterns in parallel applications. The operating system then performs the optimization to reduce the overhead of hot spots. However, hot spots cannot be avoided due to the dynamic nature of applications. We propose a new hot spot optimization scheme based on a broadcast-based optical interconnection network, the SOME-Bus, where each node has a dedicated broadcast channel to connect with other nodes without any contention. The scheme introduces additional hardware to considerably reduce the latency of hot spot request/acknowledges. Hot spots are assumed to be identifiable either through static analysis, or by a run-time profiler. Our scheme then provides a way to cache these hot spot blocks much closer to the network/channel, thereby providing a very low latency path between the input and the output queues in the network. The technique has been implemented in a SOME-Bus simulator, and verified with popular parallel algorithms like matrix-matrix multiplication. Preliminary results show that the scheme results in the reduction of completion times of applications by up to 24% over a system without channel caching.
Considerations in Feedback Delivery: The Role of Accuracy and Type of Evaluation

Performance feedback remains a commonly implemented and successful intervention within organizational behavior management, but a comprehensive understanding of the components that influence the effectiveness of feedback tends to be lacking. The present study sought to contribute by analyzing the variables of accuracy (contingent on or independent of performance) and evaluation type (supportive or critical judgments) on performance using a simulated work environment. A total of 75 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental conditions: (a) contingent and supportive feedback, (b) contingent and critical feedback, (c) independent and supportive feedback, or (d) independent and critical feedback. Outcomes suggested that contingent feedback improved performance relative to independent feedback, however, no differences were found between supportive and critical types of feedback. The need for additional research into the functional and formal elements of effective feedback is also discu...
PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES MELLITUS: The Role of the Primary Care Physician

Many Americans, knowingly or unknowingly, are afflicted with diabetes. Because of a lack of awareness or a disbelief that aggressive treatment benefits patients on the part of both patients and physicians, diabetes, particularly NIDDM, remains underdiagnosed and undertreated despite complications that can dramatically diminish quality of life. Increasing evidence that good glycemic control forestalls if not prevents these outcomes makes it the primary care physician's imperative to diagnose diabetes before complications develop. Physicians, through targeted screening and aggressive treatment of patients in whom they diagnose this chronic disease, can markedly reduce diabetes-related morbidity and mortality.
The elusive promise of reconciliation in British Columbia child welfare: Aboriginal perspectives and wisdom from within the BC Ministry of Children and Family Development

This article considers the unique challenge for Aboriginal professionals working in a government child welfare system responsible for the oppression of Aboriginal children, families and communities. A non-Aboriginal organizational insider researcher uses an Indigenous/ethnographic approach to explore these issues with Aboriginal professionals within the British Columbia Ministry of Children and Family Development (MCFD). This study involves a dual focus that examines the history, identity, values, motivations, and practice approaches of Aboriginal professionals as well as how organizational structural and environment variables support or impede their efforts toward critically needed improvements to child welfare services for Aboriginal children, youth, families and communities. Analysis of these two areas results in significant findings for the organization and its perceived inability to achieve progress with transforming service delivery for Aboriginal peoples. The findings contribute to better understanding of factors that impede Aboriginal professionals from achieving improved practice and outcomes. Organizational variables, such as low Aboriginal practice support, racism, cultural incompetence, hierarchical structure and decision making, risk-averse practice norms, poorly implemented or rhetorical change initiatives, and institutional physical environments impede the ability of Aboriginal professionals. However, significant mitigating factors were found to help, such as meaningful organizational support at the worksite level provided through dedicated culturally competent Aboriginal management and practice teams.
CD24 expression and breast cancer stem cell phenotype

11106 Background: Several studies suggest the existence of breast cancer-initiating cells (BCIC), responsible for tumor development and progression. Initial reports that only the CD44+CD24−/low sub...
PTSD symptoms, suicidality and non-suicidal risk to life behavior in a mixed sample of pre- and post-9/11 veterans

ABSTRACTThis study investigated relationships between symptom clusters of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and non-suicidal risk to life behavior (NSRB) behavior in a sample of 1,356 pre- and post-9/11-era military veterans. After controlling for a positive PTSD screen, results indicated that suicidal ideation was significantly associated with re-experiencing symptoms (OR = 1.12), White race (OR = 1.82) and use of pain medication (COR = 1.62). Suicide plan was associated with avoidance symptoms (OR = 1.08), and NSRB with hyperarousal symptoms (OR = 1.11) and severe alcohol use (OR = 2.10). Standardized coefficients indicated that re-experiencing symptoms (b = .38) were a stronger predictor of suicidal ideation than White race (b = .16) or pain medication (b = .12) and that hyperarousal symptoms (b = .36) were a stronger predictor of NSRB than severe alcohol use (b = .15). The interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide was used to frame a discussion of military spec...
The memory drum theory after twenty years: comments on Henry's note.

The difference between the Henry “memory-drum” theory and our version is that ours includes an additional assumption that, after programming has occurred, the resultant representation can be stored in short-term memory. Otherwise, the essential ideas are the same in the two theories. Implications of the presently available data for the distinction between the theories are discussed. Regardless of how one evaluates our added assumption, it is clear that the essential insight of the Henry theory has fared very well in the 20 yr since the theory first appeared in print.
Field Evaluation of Traps for Monitoring Emergence of Pear Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Black and white plastic cylindrical traps with diameters of 7.6-20.3 cm and a cone-shaped trap with a base diameter of 45.7 cm were tested in three forest stands for their efficiency in monitoring emergence of pear thrips, Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel), from soil. The total number of thrips and thrips per square centimeter collected in black and white traps of the same diameter did not differ significantly. The mean number of thrips collected per trap (catches from black and white traps combined) ranged from 1.1 ± 0.28 to 46.8 ± 20.75, and significantly more were collected in the 15.2-,20.3-, and 45.7-cm traps than in the 7.6- and 10.2-cm traps. Significantly more thrips per square centimeter were caught in the 15.2-cm trap than in the 7.6- and 45.7-cm traps, except in one stand with a very low thrips population, where thrips catches among trap types did not differ significantly. The 7.6-cm trap was the least expensive to construct and required less time for monitoring than the other plastic traps.
Democracy Defended: The Arrow general possibility theorem

Democratic voting as meaningless First, irrationalism claims that voting is arbitrary. Second, irrationalism claims that voting is meaningless: even if a voting method survives the first claim as fair, it is yet meaningless, because: (a) the outcome of voting is manipulable; and (b) we cannot know that manipulation occurred since again there is not enough information available from the data of voting to know the preferences underlying choices expressed in voting. The second claim of meaninglessness presents and interprets results of social choice theory. We have already treated (in Chapter 2) the crucial premise that preferences cannot be known from choices. Now, we will begin examination of the premise that voting is manipulable. The premise of manipulability is derived from the possibility of majority cycling as shown by Arrow (1963/1951), the possibility of strategic voting as shown by Gibbard (1973) and Satterthwaite (1975), the possibility of agenda control as shown by McKelvey (1976) and Schofield (1978), and finally the strategic introduction of new issues and dimensions (Riker 1982). Over the next three chapters, we discuss the Arrow theorem. In this chapter, we review the origins of the Arrow theorem in the ordinalist revolution in economics, and distinguish social choice as welfare economics from social choice as voting theory. Next, we present the contents of the Arrow theorem, followed by discussion of claims of its empirical relevance by Arrow and Riker.
Identification on the two-phased flow-type of DNA coding and chaos neural network

By the use of DNA coding and technology of chaos neural network,the chaos neural network based on DNA coding has been constructed.Through the identification study on the air-fluid two-phased flow-type of bearing cavity in aero-engine,the prediction model of air-fluid two-phased flowtype was established,thus provided technological support to the identification on air-fluid two-phased flow-type of lubricant inside the bearing cavity of aero-engine.
Geographic variations in hospital discharge rates and discretionary hospital use.

Objectives:While past research has shown that there is greater geographic variability in hospital discharge rates for medical conditions where there is less agreement about proper treatment, there is little empirical evidence to support the corollary that high hospital use in a community is primarily the result of a greater volume of such discretionary hospitalizations. This study assesses the contribution of discretionary hospitalizations to higher overall rates of hospital use in communities.Methods:Hospital discharge files and Medicare eligibility files were used to estimate adjusted rates of hospital discharge, days of care and adjusted mortality for a sample of 761 geographic communities in four states in the USA. Diagnostic information was used to classify hospitalizations into low, moderate and high discretion categories. Correlation and multiple regression analysis methods were used to test for systematic relationships between a community's overall rate of hospital use and discretion-level mix of ...
Küttner Tumor: IgG4-Related Disease of the Submandibular Gland.

Kuttner tumor/chronic sclerosing sialadenitis is a fibroinflammatory process that characteristically involves the submandibular gland of patients with IgG4-related disease. Histologic examination is often important to make the diagnosis because of its nonspecific clinical and radiologic findings. Microscopically, Kuttner tumor should be distinguished from other entities such as extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, Sjogren's syndrome, and lymphoepithelial sialadenitis. The lesion is histologically well-demarcated with lobular architecture, extensive fibrosis, marked lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, formation of lymphoid follicles, acinar atrophy, and obliterative phlebitis, without the presence of lymphoepithelial lesions. The IgG4-to-IgG positive plasma cell ratio of >40 % is also an important feature to support the diagnosis of Kuttner tumor. Moreover, flow cytometry is helpful to exclude a lymphoproliferative process. Clinicians and pathologists should consider the diagnosis of Kuttner tumor in patients with elevated serum IgG4 level. Timely and accurate diagnosis is important for appropriate management.
Antibiotics in colon surgery.

Establishing the place of antibiotic therapy in cleansing the bowel, in parenteral prophylaxis, in wound closure, and in infection is the purpose of this article. Of special note, the author suggests, is the selection of antibiotics when aerobic pathogens contaminate the peritoneum or the wound.
Early (<24 h) or Delayed Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis?

The optimal timing for operation for acute calculous cholecysitis remains controversial. Two courses of surgical management have traditionally been pursued: (1) early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within the first 72 h of onset of symptoms) or (2) initial conservative management with administration of intravenous antibiotics until inflammation resolves followed by delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (generally greater than 6 weeks after presentation). There is a growing body of evidence from both retrospective reviews of large clinical databases and prospective randomized controlled trials to recommend early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) over delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC).
Genomic Energy Landscapes

Abstract Energy landscape theory, developed in the context of protein folding, provides, to our knowledge, a new perspective on chromosome architecture. We review what has been learned concerning the topology and structure of both the interphase and mitotic chromosomes from effective energy landscapes constructed using Hi-C data. Energy landscape thinking raises new questions about the nonequilibrium dynamics of the chromosome and gene regulation.
Patterns of childhood immunization and all-cause mortality.

Abstract Background Evidence supports the safety of the recommended childhood immunization schedule as a whole. However, additional research is warranted as parents’ refusing or delaying vaccinations has increased in recent years. All-cause mortality has been identified as a priority outcome to study in the context of the recommended immunization schedule. Methods We included children born January 1, 2004 through December 31, 2009, enrolled in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) from birth through 18 months of age. We examined vaccination patterns during the first 18 months of life among 8 vaccines, and identified deaths occurring between 19 and 48 months of age. We excluded children with complex chronic conditions, contraindications to vaccination, and deaths due to injuries, congenital anomalies, or diseases with onset prior to 19 months of age. We calculated mortality rates among children with different patterns of immunization, and incidence rate ratios (IRR) using the Cox proportional hazards model for children vaccinated according to the schedule versus undervaccinated children, adjusting for outpatient healthcare utilization, influenza vaccination, sex, and VSD site. Results Among 312,388 children in the study, 199,661 (64%) were vaccinated according to the schedule, and 112,727 (36%) were delayed or not vaccinated for at least one vaccine dose. Of 18 deaths eligible for analysis, 11 occurred in children following the schedule (2.28 per 100,000 person-years), and seven occurred in undervaccinated children (2.57 per 100,000 person-years). Mortality rates among children following the schedule were not significantly different from those of undervaccinated children when excluding deaths with unknown causes (IRR = 1.29, 95% CI = 0.33–4.99), as well as when including deaths with unknown causes (IRR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.32–2.99). Conclusion Although there were few deaths, our results do not indicate a difference in risk of all-cause mortality among fully vaccinated versus undervaccinated children. Our findings support the safety of the currently recommended immunization schedule with regard to all-cause mortality.
What I Learned from Steve Ross

In this article, a doctoral student of Professor Stephen Ross discusses the reasons he believes are behind Ross’s success advising doctoral students. Ross emphasized the importance of first understanding the financial markets’ equilibrium and then using that insight to research important problems in finance. This technique allowed Ross to quickly see the underlying simplicity of an economic model, something he used very effectively to understand the problems his students were working on. In watching Ross do it, the author explains how his students learned to do so themselves and thereby went on to become successful researchers in their own right.
MULTIPLE MESSAGES: FACIAL RECOGNITION ADVANTAGE FOR COMPOUND EXPRESSIONS

The impact of singular (e.g. sadness alone) and compound (e.g. sadness and anger together) facial expressions on individuals' recognition of faces was in- vestigated. In three studies, a face recognition paradigm was used as a measure of the proficiency with which participants processed compound and singular facial expressions. For both positive and negative facial expressions, participants dis- played greater proficiency in processing compound expressions relative to singular expressions. Specifically, the accuracy with which faces displaying compound ex- pressions were recognized was significantly higher than the accuracy with which faces displaying singular expressions were recognized. Possible explanations in- volving the familiarity, distinctiveness, and salience of the facial expressions are discussed.
Testing Theories of Scientific Change

Science is accorded high value in our culture because, unlike many other intellectual endeavors, it appears capable of producing increasingly reliable knowledge. During the last quarter century a group of historians and philosophers of science (known variously as ‘theorists of scientific change’, the ‘post-positivist school’ or the ‘historical school’) has proposed theories to explain progressive change in science. Their concepts and models have received such keen attention that terms like ‘paradigm’ have passed from obscurity to common speech. In this volume, we subject key claims of some of the theorists of scientific change to just that kind of empirical scrutiny that has been so characteristic of science itself. Certain claims emerge unscathed — the existence and importance of large-scale theories (guiding assumptions) in the physical sciences for example. Others, such as the supposed importance of novel predictions or the alleged insignificance of anomalies, seem to be without foundation. We conclude that only by engaging in testing of this sort will the study of science be able to make progress.
Imaging of cortical oxygen tension and blood flow following targeted photothrombotic stroke

We present a dual-modality imaging system combining laser speckle contrast imaging and oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence to simultaneously map cortical blood flow and oxygen tension (pO2) in mice. Phosphorescence signal localization is achieved through the use of a digital micromirror device (DMD) that allows for selective excitation of arbitrary regions of interest. By targeting both excitation maxima of the oxygen-sensitive Oxyphor PtG4, we are able to examine the effects of excitation wavelength on the measured phosphorescence lifetime. We demonstrate the ability to measure the differences in pO2 between arteries and veins and large changes during a hyperoxic challenge. We dynamically monitor blood flow and pO2 during DMD-targeted photothrombotic occlusion of an arteriole and highlight the presence of an ischemia-induced depolarization. Chronic tracking of the ischemic lesion over eight days revealed a rapid recovery, with the targeted vessel fully reperfusing and pO2 returning to baseline values within five days. This system has broad applications for studying the acute and chronic pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and other vascular diseases of the brain.
African American Students' College Choice Processes in a Post 209 Era.

High-achieving African American students in California are not attending University of California (UC) campuses. Due to hyper-implementations of Proposition 209, which limited UC campuses’ ability ...
TCT-840 The Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement on Short and Long-Term Outcomes in High Gradient Versus Low Flow – Low Gradient Versus Paradoxical Low Flow – Low Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The ACC/AHA guidelines identified 3 different symptomatic AS groups. First called D1 with high gradient (HG) (≥40 mm Hg), Second called D2 defined as low flow (Stroke volume index <35 mL/m2) – low gradient (LF-LG) (<40 mmHg) with reduced EF (EF <50%), Third is D3 defined as paradoxical low
Reduced late mismatch negativity and auditory sustained potential to rule‐based patterns in schizophrenia

Complex rule-based auditory processing is abnormal in individuals with long-term schizophrenia (SZ), as demonstrated by reduced mismatch negativity (MMN) to deviants in rule-based patterns and reduced auditory sustained potential (ASP) that appears when grouping tones together. Together, this suggests deficits later in the auditory processing hierarchy in Sz. Here, MMN and ASP were elicited by deviations from a complex zig-zag pitch pattern that cannot be predicted by simple linear rules. Twenty-seven SZ and 26 matched healthy controls (HC) participated. Frequent groups of patterns contained eight tones that zig-zagged in a two-up one-down pitch-based paradigm. There were two deviant patterns: the final tone was either higher in pitch than expected (creating a jump in pitch) or was repeated. Simple MMN to pitch-deviants among repetitive tones was measured for comparison. Sz exhibited a smaller pitch MMN compared to HC as expected. HC produced a late MMN in response to the repeat and jump-deviant and a larger ASP to the standard group of tones, all of which were significantly blunted in SZ. In Sz, the amplitude of the late complex MMN was related to neuropsychological functioning, whereas ASP was not. ASP and late MMN did not significantly correlate in HC or in Sz, suggesting that they are not dependent on one another and may originate within distinct processing streams. Together, this suggests multiple deficits later in the auditory sensory-perceptual hierarchy in Sz, with impairments evident in both segmentation and deviance detection abilities.
Electronic properties of low-Σ grain boundaries in InAs

We employ first-principles density functional theory to investigate the electronic and structural properties of grain boundaries (GBs) in InAs. In particular, we study the energetics and passivation mechanisms of representative low-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}$ GBs, including $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}3(111),\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}3(112),\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}5(120)$, and $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}5(130)$, to establish their relative stability and experimental feasibility. We find that the symmetric-tilt twin-boundary $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}3(111)$ GB is the most stable GB, in excellent agreement with our experimentally characterized GB structures in InAs. In addition to our theoretically predicted GB structures, we systematically study and analyze different configurations of complex multifold experimentally observed InAs GB structures. We discuss the effect of different passivations and doping mechanisms on the electronic properties of the GBs. Understanding the exact nature of the GB electronic structure and stability, as well as their passivation mechanisms is a key step for the further development of InAs based optoelectronic devices on silicon and other heterogeneous large-area substrates.
Networks at the nexus of systems biology and the exposome

Abstract Research on the impact of environmental exposures on health has largely been reductionistic. The field is now complementing the mechanism-based work with systems-based approaches to better understand the effects of exposure on complex biology. Borrowing principles from systems biology, systems toxicology has emerged as a way to study complex biological responses to exposures. By using the exposome framework, we can capture the complex nature of exposures, as well, and determine the underlying structure of real-world exposures. We discuss recent advances in measuring the exposome and the use of systems approaches in toxicology. We believe the integration of systems biology principles, network science, systems toxicology, and the exposome can help synthesize the complex interplay between the environment and biology.
Substance Use among Economically Disadvantaged African American Older Adults; Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status

Purpose. This study investigated the effects of objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) indicators on two health behaviors, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking, among African American older adults. Methods. This community-based study recruited 619 economically disadvantaged African American older adults (age ≥ 65 years) residing in South Los Angeles. Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect data. Data on demographic factors (age and gender), subjective SES (financial difficulties), objective SES (educational attainment), living arrangement, marital status, healthcare access (insurance), and health (number of chronic medical conditions, self-rated health, sick days, depression, and chronic pain) and health behaviors (cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking) were collected from participants. Logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results. High financial difficulties were associated with higher odds of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol, independent of covariates. Educational attainment did not correlate with our outcomes. Similar patterns emerged for cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking. Conclusion. Subjective SES indicators such as financial difficulties may be more relevant than objective SES indicators such as educational attainment to health risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking among African American older adults in economically constrain urban environments. Smoking and drinking may serve as coping mechanisms with financial difficulty, especially among African American older adults. In line with the minorities' diminished returns (MDR) theory, and probably due to discrimination against racial minorities, educational attainment has a smaller protective effect among economically disadvantaged African American individuals against health risk behaviors.
Teaching Pre-clinical Medical Students

Teaching pre-clinical (or pre-clerkship) medical students primarily, although not exclusively, occurs in the classroom setting. Understanding foundational principles of cognitive psychology and learning theory can help educators develop effective learning objectives, lesson plans, and educational interventions for students, particularly as flipped classroom and active teaching strategies are increasingly expected when teaching students in the classroom. Familiarity with the dual process theory of cognition, as well as the concepts of working memory, interference, and dissonance, is important for educators to be able to develop effective teaching sessions for pre-clinical students. Topics and concepts in pulmonary and critical care medicine are particularly suitable for active teaching strategies, as working through problems and applying knowledge to answer questions are appropriate for many respiratory and critical care topics. Specific strategies for employing active teaching for pre-clinical students in the large group setting include peer instruction, the use of audience response systems, think-pair-share, team-based learning, concept maps, and case-based collaborative learning. In the small- or medium-sized group setting, problem-based learning and case-based collaborative learning are educational strategies that can be used to promote inquisitiveness, self-directed learning, and critical thinking skills. Encouraging students to develop critical thinking skills to effectively assess and begin to answer questions in the classroom will help them to become better clinicians and physicians.
Inhibition of FPR2 impaired leukocytes recruitment and elicited non-resolving inflammation in acute heart failure

Abstract Lifestyle or age-related risk factors over-activate the inflammation that triggers acute heart failure (HF)-related mortality following myocardial infarction (MI). Post-MI activated leukocytes express formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) that is essential for inflammation-resolution and in cardiac healing. However, the role of FPR2 in acute HF is incomplete and remain of interest. Here, we aimed to determine whether pharmacological inhibition of FPR2 perturb leukocyte trafficking in acute HF. Male C57BL/6 (8–12 weeks) mice were subjected to acute HF (MI-d1) using permanent coronary artery ligation that develops irreversible acute and chronic heart failure. FPR2 antagonist WRW4 (1 μg/kg/day) was subcutaneously injected 3 h post-MI maintaining saline-injected MI-controls. Leukocytes were quantitated using flow cytometry, and acute decompensated HF was confirmed using echocardiography and histology. FPR2 inhibition decreased the expression of FPR2 in the LV and spleen tissues. Administration of WRW4 inhibitor to mice primed immature and inactive neutrophils infiltration Ly6Gint and intensified the Ccl2 expression compared to MI-control in the infarcted LV post-MI. Leukocyte profiling revealed an overall decrease in monocytes (23.3 ± 2%) in WRW4-injected mice compared with MI-control (49.1 ± 2%) in infarcted LV. FPR2 inhibition increased F4/80+/Ly6Chi pro-inflammatory macrophages (14.8 ± 2%) compared with MI-control (10 ± 1%) with increased transcripts of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β, and decreased Arg-1 expression in the infarcted LV compared to MI-controls is suggestive of the impaired acute inflammatory response. Inhibition of FPR2 using WRW4 also disturbed splenocardiac leukocytes recruitment by priming immature neutrophils leading to the onset of incomplete resolution signaling in acute decompensated HF post-MI.
Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer for irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Factors affecting outcome.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of latissimus dorsi tendon transfer in patients with an irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tear to help determine which patient and anatomic factors affect clinical outcome.Methods: Fourteen patients with a latissimus d
Meta-analysis Comparing Allograft to Synthetic Reconstruction for Extensor Mechanism Disruption after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Extensor mechanism disruption following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a devastating complication that causes high failure rates. There is controversy on what is the best way to do an extensor mechanism reconstruction. This study aims to compare both allograft and synthetic reconstructive techniques for success, reoperation, and infection rates and functional outcomes. The search on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, BIOSIS, and Cochrane databases was performed on March 15, 2019, using the following keyword groups: (1) “extensor mechanism” and “total knee arthroplasty,” (2) “extensor mechanism” and “knee arthroplasty,” (3) “extensor mechanism” and “revision total knee arthroplasty,” and (4) “extensor mechanism” and “revision knee arthroplasty”. Only studies on extensor mechanism disruption after TKA that included sufficient data to compare these two surgical techniques were included. Meta-analysis was performed with random effect model using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Thirty studies were included. The overall success rate of the reconstruction was 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0. 651, 0.814). The success rate of allograft (72.8%, 95% CI: 0.626, 0.829) was not significantly different from synthetic material (78%, 95% CI: 0.707, 0.852, p = 0.416). There was no significant difference in revision rates between allograft (14.2%, 95% CI: 0.095, 0.189) and synthetic material (16%, 95% CI: 0.096, 0.223, p = 0.657). The overall relative risk of infection was 4.301 (95% CI: 1.885, 9.810). There was no significant difference in relative risk of infection between allograft (3.886, 95% CI: 1.269, 11.903) and synthetic material (4.851, 95% CI: 1.433, 16.419, p = 0.793). No statistically significant difference was found in mean postoperative Knee Society score (73.109 [95% CI: 67.296, 78.922] vs. 72.679 [95% CI: 69.184, 76.173], p = 0.901) between allograft and mesh reconstruction groups. There were no significant differences in overall failures, infections, functional outcomes, or revision reconstructions between allograft and synthetic material extensor mechanism reconstructions. Our results demonstrate the difficulty in treating this serious injury, independent of technique, as well as the significant risk for overall failure and infection.
A White Family’s Oral Storytelling About Cancer Generates More Favorable Evaluations From Black American Audiences

One proposition of Entertainment Education (EE) suggests that actors communicating messages should be ethnically and culturally homogenous with targeted audiences. The present study challenges this assumption by investigating audience evaluations of When Cancer Calls... (WCC), a unique 80-minute theatrical production based on actual phone conversations between family members dealing with a loved one's cancer diagnosis, treatment, and eventual death. In WCC, the family is White and all interactions are drawn verbatim from 61 recorded phone calls made over 13 months. This study addresses whether authentic family storytelling about cancer minimizes differences between the White family in WCC, diverse Persons of Color (POC), and specifically how WCC resonates with Black Americans' cancer experiences. Data collected (n=483) from audiences in four U.S. cities confirmed overall positive audience reactions to viewings of WCC. Blacks were significantly more likely to evaluate WCC favorably than Whites or other POC. Rooted in the prominence of oral communication traditions, these findings confirm the power of family storytelling as a vehicle for designing health communication campaigns for Black American audiences. For example, when Blacks were forbidden to learn how to read and write during American slavery, family storytelling was a powerful tool for preserving history, sharing news, resisting racism in hostile environments, and sustaining resilience necessary for survival. These WCC findings provide innovative strategies for facilitating communication among cancer patients and family members, especially Black Americans who are deeply affected and face ongoing challenges talking about cancer.
Exploring the Data Processing Practices of Cloud ERP - A Case Study

Although cloud Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are becoming popular, there are still firms that are yet to migrate to the cloud because of data confidentiality and data security concerns...
Prevention of Bloodstream Infections in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Bloodstream infections are an important cause of hospitalizations, morbidity, and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. Eliminating bloodstream infections in the hemodialysis setting has been the focus of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Making Dialysis Safer for Patients Coalition and, more recently, the CDC’s partnership with the American Society of Nephrology’s Nephrologists Transforming Dialysis Safety Initiative. The majority of vascular access–associated bloodstream infections occur in patients dialyzing with central vein catheters. The CDC’s core interventions for bloodstream infection prevention are the gold standard for catheter care in the hemodialysis setting and have been proven to be effective in reducing catheter-associated bloodstream infection. However, in the United States hemodialysis catheter–associated bloodstream infections continue to occur at unacceptable rates, possibly because of lapses in adherence to strict aseptic technique, or additional factors not addressed by the CDC’s core interventions. There is a clear need for novel prophylactic therapies. This review highlights the recent advances and includes a discussion about the potential limitations and adverse effects associated with each option.
Evolutionary Genetic Species Detected in Prokaryotes by Applying the K/θ Ratio to DNA Sequences

In previous papers in this series, I described the evolutionary genetic species concept which is based on population genetic theory and should be applicable to any organism. I also described a species criterion, the K/θ ratio, that delimits independently evolving evolutionary species based on single-gene sequences. I then illustrated its application to sexual and asexual eukaryotes. Here, I show how the evolutionary genetic species concept and the K/θ ratio can be applied to bacteria, using the sequences from some genes of the core genome that are rarely, if ever, transferred horizontally between different species. This completes the demonstration that K/θ is a general method for species delimitation, applicable to all organisms. Also, it adds to the evidence that bacteria have species in the most general sense, even though they have the ability to exchange genes across species boundaries. Finally, I show that a published critique of the use of K/θ ≥ 4 as a criterion for independently evolving species rests on errors in the application of population/evolutionary genetic theory.
Frequency-independent biological signal identification (FIBSI): A free program that simplifies intensive analysis of non-stationary time series data

Extracting biological signals from non-linear, dynamic and stochastic experimental data can be challenging, especially when the signal is non-stationary. Many currently available methods make assumptions about the data structure (e.g., signal is periodic, sufficient recording time) and modify the raw data in pre-processing using filters and/or transformations. With an agnostic approach to biological data analysis as a goal, we implemented a signal detection algorithm in Python that quantifies the dimensional properties of waveform deviations from baseline via a running fit function. We call the resulting free program frequency-independent biological signal identification (FIBSI). We demonstrate the utility of FIBSI on two disparate types of experimental data: in vitro whole-cell current-clamp electrophysiological recordings of rodent sensory neurons (i.e., nociceptors) and in vivo fluorescence image time-lapse movies capturing gastrointestinal motility in larval zebrafish. In rodent nociceptors, depolarizing fluctuations in membrane potential are irregular in shape and difficult to distinguish from noise. Using FIBSI, we determined that nociceptors from naive mice generate larger, more frequent fluctuations compared to naive rats, suggesting species-specific specializations in rodent nociceptors. In zebrafish, measuring gut motility is a useful tool for addressing developmental and disease-related mechanisms associated with gut function. However, available methods are laborious, technically complex, and/or not cost-effective. We developed and tested a novel assay that can characterize intestinal peristalsis using imaging time series datasets. We used FIBSI to identify muscle contractions in the fluorescence signals and compared their frequencies in unfed and fed larvae. Additionally, FIBSI allowed us to discriminate between peristalsis and oscillatory sphincter-like movements in functionally distinct gut segments (foregut, midgut, and cloaca). We conclude that FIBSI, which is freely available via GitHub, is widely useful for the unbiased analysis of non-stationary signals and extraction of biologically meaningful information from experimental time series data and can be employed for both descriptive and hypothesis-driven investigations.
Power Quality Analysis for Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicle Integrated Distribution System

Towards a sustainable future, the adoption of eco-friendly distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) in the distribution network is increasing rapidly. However, the stochastic nature of renewable-based DGs and high penetration of EV charging have some adverse impacts on power quality in regional distribution grids. To mitigate these problems, we have presented a novel technique of bidirectional power flow control for DG-coupled battery energy storage system (BESS). The verification and validation of the proposed algorithm have been done by performing several case studies considering real-time practical solar photovoltaic (PV) irradiation and wind speed data, and actual EV load data. For the case studies, we adopted the IEEE 13 node distribution feeder as the testbed which is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. We observed that, by intelligent charging and discharging of BESS, the proposed method controls fast-varying power generated from PV effectively, and improves the voltage fluctuation and power quality significantly.
Reversible Control of Gelatin Hydrogel Stiffness by Using DNA Crosslinkers

Biomaterials with dynamically tunable properties are critical for a range of applications in regenerative medicine and basic biology. In this work, we show the reversible control of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel stiffness through the use of DNA crosslinkers. We replaced some of the inter-GelMA crosslinks with double-stranded DNA, allowing for their removal through toehold-mediated strand displacement. The crosslinks could be restored by adding fresh dsDNA with complementary handles to those on the hydrogel. The elastic modulus (G') of the hydrogels could be tuned between 500 and 1000 Pa, reversibly, over two cycles without degradation of performance. By functionalizing the gels with a second DNA strand, it was possible to control the crosslink density and a model ligand in an orthogonal fashion with two different displacement strands. Our results demonstrate the potential for DNA to reversibly control both stiffness and ligand presentation in a protein-based hydrogel, and will be useful for teasing apart the spatiotemporal behavior of encapsulated cells.
GWAS on Birth Year Infant Mortality Rates Provides New Evidence of Recent Natural Selection

Abstract Following more than a century of phenotypic measurement of natural selection processes, much recent work explores relationships between molecular genetic measurements and realized fitness in the next generation. We take a novel approach to the study of contemporary selective pressure by examining which genetic variants are “sustained” in populations as mortality exposure declines. Specifically, we deploy a so-called “regional GWAS” that links the infant mortality rate (IMR) by place and year in the UK with common genetic variants among cohorts in the UK Biobank. These cohorts (born 1936-1970) saw a decline in IMR from above 65 per 1,000 to under 20 per 1,000, with substantial subnational variation and spikes alongside wartime exposures. Our results show several genome-wide significant loci, including LCT and TLR10/1/6, related to area-level cohort IMR exposure during gestation and infancy. Genetic correlations are found across multiple domains, including fertility, cognition, health behaviors, and health outcomes, suggesting an important role for cohort selection in modern populations.
T-T Neutron Spectrum from Inertial Confinement Implosions

A new technique that uses inertial confinement implosions for measuring low-energy nuclear reactions important to nuclear astrophysics is described. Simultaneous measurements of n–D and n–T elastic scattering at 14.1 MeV using deuterium–tritium gas-filled capsules provide a proof of principle for this technique. Measurements have been made of D(d,p)T (dd) and T(t,2n)4He (tt) reaction yields relative to the D(t,n)4He (dt) reaction yield for deuterium–tritium mixtures with fT/fD between 0.62 and 0.75 and for a wide range of ion temperatures to test our understanding of the implosion processes. Measurements of the shape of the neutron spectrum from the T(t,2n)4He reaction have been made for each of these target configurations.
Trajectories of frailty in aging: Prospective cohort study.

Background Emerging evidence suggests that there is significant variability in the progression of frailty in aging. We aimed to identify latent subpopulations of frailty trajectories, and examine their clinical and biological correlates. Methods We characterized frailty using a 41-item cumulative deficit score at baseline and annual visits up to 12 years in 681 older adults (55% women, mean age 74·6 years). Clinical risk profile and walking while talking performance as a clinical marker of trajectories were examined. Mortality risk associated with trajectories was evaluated using Cox regression adjusted for established survival predictors, and reported as hazard ratios (HR). Proteome-wide analysis was done. Findings Latent class modeling identified 4 distinct frailty trajectories: relatively stable (34·4%) as well as mild (36·1%), moderate (24·1%) and severely frail (5·4%). Four distinct classes of frailty trajectories were also shown in an independent sample of 515 older adults (60% women, 68% White, 26% Black). The stable group took a median of 31 months to accumulate one additional deficit compared to 20 months in the severely frail group. The worst trajectories were associated with modifiable risk factors such as low education, living alone, obesity, and physical inactivity as well as slower walking while talking speed. In the pooled sample, mild (HR 2·33, 95% CI 1·30-4·18), moderate (HR 2·49, 95% CI 1·33-4·66), and severely frail trajectories (HR 5·28, 95% CI 2·68-10·41) had higher mortality compared to the stable group. Proteomic analysis showed 11 proteins in lipid metabolism and growth factor pathways associated with frailty trajectories. Conclusion Frailty shows both stable and accelerated patterns in aging, which can be distinguished clinically and biologically.
Acoustogenic Probes: A Demonstration to Introduce the Photoacoustic Effect via Analyte Sensing

Photoacoustic imaging is a state-of-the-art technique that combines light excitation with ultrasound generation via the photoacoustic effect. Since sound waves at clinically relevant frequencies undergo minimal perturbation as they pass through the body, photoacoustic imaging is ideal for deep-tissue imaging applications in vivo. Despite its utility in the biomedical field, it is unlikely that undergraduate students will ever experience this technology firsthand in a classroom setting owing to the delicate and expensive nature of the instrumentation. Likewise, students will not be exposed to acoustogenic probes, which are specialized chemicals designed to detect biologically relevant analytes using photoacoustic imaging. With the goal of introducing new chemical analysis and imaging techniques to the undergraduate chemistry curricula, we present a simple and inexpensive setup (all materials were purchased for less than $48 USD) to demonstrate the photoacoustic effect through analyte sensing.