cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Herding Behavior in Social Media Networks in China

We conducted an interpretive, qualitative research study to investigate herding behavior around trending posts about disasters on Sina Weibo, one of the most popular social media websites in China. Our preliminary results show that in response to uncertain situations, users engage in sensemaking (Seidel, 2013) and become emotionally engaged (Taylor, 2015) as they converge around trending posts about disasters. Also, state, effect and response uncertainty (Milliken, 1987) may influence how users converge around these posts. Future research will examine the cross-cultural differences of herding behavior across Twitter (U.S.A) and Sina Weibo (China), as well as the differences across financial, scandalous, product based, and political trending posts.
Linearly Recursive Sequences, Witt Algebras and Quantum Groups

We discuss some topics related to quantum groups. See[D] for general background on quantum groups, and [S] for Hopf algebras. In section 1, we discuss Lie bialgebra structures on Witt and Virasoro algebras, and on their dual spaces of linearly recursive sequences. In section 2, we mention our quantum deformation of the Plucker relations on the flag manifold, and its structure as comodule algebra over the quantum general linear group.
FDA Approval of Desmopressin for Nocturia

On March 3, 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved desmopressin nasal spray (Noctiva) for the “treatment of nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria in adults who awaken at least 2 times per night to void.”1 According to the product manufacturer, Serenity Pharmaceuticals, nocturia is a common condition affecting “over 89 million adults in the U.S.”
A Laboratory Evaluation of a New Hydraulic Incontinence Device

A new hydraulic incontinence device is described. The device is physiologic because it can be deflated to allow resistance-free voiding and it is designed to respond instantaneously to fluctuations in intra-abdominal pressure, irrespective of whether the bulb is placed at the level of the bulbous urethra or the bladder neck. The device is simple, consisting only of a urethral cuff, an abdominal reservoir and 1 pump containing a single valve.
Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Evaluation of Cerebral Vascular Blood Flow: A Novel Tool in the Assessment of Fetal Growth Restriction.

Objectives To determine whether fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are more likely to have abnormal cerebral vascular flow patterns compared to fetuses who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA) when quantified by using 3-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of singleton gestations presenting for growth ultrasound examination between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation. Patients with FGR (estimated fetal weight < 10th percentile) were enrolled and matched 1:1 for gestational age (±7 days) with AGA fetuses. A standardized 3D power Doppler image of the middle cerebral artery territory was obtained from each patient. The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization-flow index (VFI) were calculated by the Virtual Organ computer-aided analysis technique (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). These indices were compared between FGR and AGA fetuses and correlated with 2-dimensional Doppler parameters. Neonatal outcomes were also compared with respect to the 3D parameters. Results Of 306 patients, there were 151 cases of FGR. There was no difference in the VI (6.0 versus 5.7; P = .65) or VFI (2.0 versus 1.8; P = .31) between the groups; however, the FI was significantly higher in FGR fetuses compared to AGA controls (33.9 versus 32.3; P = .009). There was a weak, but significant, negative correlation between the FI and both the middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (r = −0.34; P < .001) and cerebroplacental ratio (r = −0.29; P < .001). Within the FGR group, there was no difference in any of the 3D vascular indices with regard to neonatal outcomes. Conclusions Three-dimensional power Doppler measurement of cerebral blood flow, but not the vascularization pattern, is significantly altered in FGR. This measurement may play a future role in distinguishing pathologic FGR from constitutionally small growth.
Three-dimensional thermoelastic properties of general composite laminates:

This paper presents a hybrid rule of mixtures for calculating the complete set of effective three-dimensional thermoelastic properties of a composite laminate when it is approximated as an equivalent, homogeneous, anisotropic solid. The laminate can be made of generally anisotropic layers with arbitrary layup sequence. This hybrid rule of mixtures is based on the exact solution obtained using the recently discovered mechanics of structure genome. Since mechanics of structure genome minimizes the loss of accuracy for homogenization, the three-dimensional thermoelastic properties obtained using the mechanics of structure genome-based hybrid rule of mixtures will be the most accurate one could obtain for composite laminates. The results of the hybrid rule of mixtures are compared with several other representative methods for predicting thermoelastic properties of composite laminates.
Predicting Alliance for Depressed and Suicidal Adolescents: The Role of Perceived Attachment to Mothers

Although therapeutic alliance is a robust predictor of treatment outcomes in child and adolescent psychotherapy, less is known about relational factors, such as youth’s attachment, to mothers and f...
Military Service and Decision Quality in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Background Decision quality measures the degree to which care decisions are knowledge-based and value-aligned. Because military service emphasizes hierarchy, command, and mandates some healthcare decisions, military service may attenuate patient autonomy in healthcare decisions and lower decision quality. VA is the nation's largest provider of orthopedic care. We compared decision quality in a sample of VA and non-VA patients seeking care for knee osteoarthritis. Methods Our study sample consisted of patients newly referred to our orthopedic clinic for the management of knee osteoarthritis. None of the study patients were exposed to a knee osteoarthritis decision aid. Consenting patients were administered the Hip/Knee Decision Quality Instrument (HK-DQI). In addition, they were surveyed about decision-making preferences and demographics. We compared results to a non-VA cohort from our academic institution's arthroplasty database. Results The HK-DQI Knowledge Score was lower in the VA cohort (45%, SD = 22, n = 25) compared with the non-VA cohort (53%, SD = 21, n = 177) (p = 0.04). The Concordance Score was lower in the VA cohort (36%, SD = 49%) compared with the control cohort (70%, SD 46%) (p = 0.003). Non-VA patients were more likely to make a high-quality decision (p = 0.05). Non-VA patients were more likely to favor a shared decision-making process (p = 0.002). Conclusions Decision quality is lower in Veterans with knee osteoarthritis compared with civilians, placing them at risk for lower treatment satisfaction and possibly unwarranted surgical utilization. Our future work will examine if this difference is from conditioned military service behaviors or confounding demographic factors, and if conventional shared decision-making techniques will correct this deficiency.
Anatomic Body Painting as a Teaching Tool in Physician Assistant Education

Anatomic body painting (ABP) is a teaching tool utilized in many countries but not well known in the USA. Minimal research exists on ABP’s efficacy as a teaching tool. The high cost of anatomy labs, limited cadaver availability, and short timeline of physician assistant (PA) curricula make ABP an attractive resource for PA programs. Elon University has used ABP as an adjunct teaching tool in its PA anatomy curriculum since matriculation of its first class in 2013. This paper describes how and why ABP was incorporated into Elon’s PA anatomy curriculum, details adaptations made for incorporation into an American anatomy curriculum and offers an assessment of student acceptability of ABP as a teaching method at a US Physician Assistant program. Literature search was performed assessing use of ABP at other programs. A survey comparing student perceptions of ABP to cadaveric dissection was completed by participants in two (n = 29; n = 32) ABP sessions. Key features of Elon’s ABP method and rationale for their inclusion are described. Cost for starting Elon’s ABP program was approximately $421.00. Student perceptions of ABP compared favorably to cadaveric dissection in perceived effectiveness, acceptance, and usefulness in understanding clinical correlations. Data suggest that ABP may make participants less uncomfortable physically and/or psychologically than cadaveric dissection. ABP is an affordable adjunct to anatomy instruction that is well accepted by students and assists in understanding clinical concepts/correlations. The study is limited by small size and inclusion of one study center; further study is warranted.
Does Every Patient With Enigmatic Lung Disease Deserve a Lung Biopsy? : The Continuing Dilemma

Study objective Define the negative predictive factors for survival in patients who undergo open-lung biopsy. Design Retrospective analysis from July 1988 through January 1992 (prior to widespread use of video-assisted techniques). Factors included in analysis were: oxygen therapy, requirement for intubation, and HIV status. Also analyzed were the accuracy of the preoperative presumptive diagnosis and the outcome of therapy. Setting University hospital in an urban area with active medical and surgical critical care services. Patients All patients who underwent open-lung biopsy during the study design period. Patients excluded were those with lung transplants and one patient who had a thoracoscopic biopsy. Forty-eight lung biopsies were performed and 31 patients without AIDS and 15 with AIDS. Twenty-four (16 without AIDS, 8 with AIDS) were receiving oxygen therapy, met intubation criteria, or were intubated and ventilated at the time of biopsy. The indications were undiagnosed nodular or interstitial lung disease. Interventions Presurgical evaluation included a preoperative diagnostic algorithm of transthoracic needle biopsy and nodular disease (9 patients) and at least one bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in interstitial disease (22 patients). Seven patients with nodular disease and nine with infiltrate had no preoperative procedures. Measurements and results Lung biopsy obtained at definitive diagnosis in 98 percent of patients. Biopsy significantly altered therapy in 79 percent (81 percent without AIDS, 73 percent with AIDS). Postoperatively, in-hospital mortality was 8 (17 percent): 5 (16 percent) without AIDS and 3 (20 percent) with AIDS p>0.1. Mortality rates showed patients without respiratory compromise, 4.2 percent (7 percent without AIDS, 0 percent with AIDS); patients receiving oxygen therapy, 6 percent (10 percent without AIDS; 0 percent with AIDS); patients who met intubation criteria, 60 percent (33 percent without AIDS, 100 percent with AIDS); patients who were ventilated, 75 percent (66 percent without AIDS [p Conclusion We recommend that the decision for lung biopsy be individualized based on respiratory status.
Principles and Techniques of Surgical Management of ICH

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most common classes of stroke. Indications for surgery in patients with ICH are largely dependent on patient age, level of consciousness, time elapsed since ICH onset, and the site and size of hemorrhage; however, research in ICH approach, management, surgical indications, and technical management have not completely addressed some of the most common complications of this condition. In this chapter we review the efficacy of craniotomy and hematoma evacuation in various presentations following ICH. We also discuss current guidelines by which endoscopic evacuation can be considered, conclusions from a number of trials involving stereotactic catheter aspiration with fibrinolytic agents, and the use of decompressive craniectomy. We conclude that the standard of care should continue to be refined as new evidence becomes available, specifically that which is concerned with hemorrhage type and location.
The Neuroanatomy of Speech Sequencing at the Syllable Level

Correctly ordering a sequence of speech sounds is a crucial aspect of speech production. Although studies have yielded a rich body of data on the neural substrates of visuomotor sequencing and sequence learning, research on brain regions and their functions involving speech sequence production hasn't attracted much attention until recently. Previous functional MRI studies manipulating the complexity of sequences at the phonemic, syllabic, and suprasyllabic levels have revealed a network of motor-related cortical and sub-cortical speech regions. In this study, we directly compared human brain activity measured with functional MRI during processing of a sequence of syllables compared with the same syllables processed individually. Among a network of regions independently identified as being part of the sensorimotor circuits for speech production, only the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis, lIFG), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the left inferior parietal lobe (lIPL) responded more during the production of syllable sequences compared to producing the same syllables articulated one at a time.
Multi-scale assessment of mechanical properties of organic-rich shales: A coupled nanoindentation, deconvolution analysis, and homogenization method

Abstract The boom of unconventional shale plays has brought significant attention during the last decade to shale rocks. Elastic properties of shale are one of the most important parameters to be known for hydraulic fracturing success which is necessary for production from organic-rich unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we combined experimental methods including, XRD, Rock-Eval, and nanoindentation on eight Bakken Shale samples with various thermal maturity, taken from different wells and depths in the Williston Basin, ND, to examine their mineralogy, and geochemistry with the emphasis on variations on the elastic properties. Expectation Maximization (EM) based statistical deconvolution was applied to the nanoindentation modulus data to distinguish individual mechanical phases. Then homogenization method was used to upscale the elastic properties to macro-scale, and the data were compared with the values reported in the literature. The results showed that the elastic properties of individual mechanical phases could be distinguished and evaluated through a statistical deconvolution approach. Three main mechanical phases were recognized for each shale sample. It was found that homogenized samples have Young's modulus values in the range of 18.2 GPa–38.8 GPa, which were consistent with the range of mechanical property values of the Bakken Shales reported in the literature. Correlative relationship analysis between mineralogy and thermal maturity with elastic properties showed that Young's modulus decreases with increasing TOC content and increases with the increasing maturity.
Effects of Code Representation on Student Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Programming

Text languages are perceived by many computer science students as difficult, intimidating, and/or tedious in nature. Conversely, blocks-based environments are perceived as approachable, but many students see them as inauthentic. Bidirectional hybrid environments provide textual and blocks-based representations of the same code, thereby offering students the opportunity to seamlessly transition between representations to build a conceptual bridge between blocks and text. However, it is not known how use of hybrid environments impacts perceptions of programming. To investigate, we conducted a study in a public middle school with six classes (n=129). We found that students who used hybrid environments perceived text more positively than those who moved directly from blocks to text. The results of this research suggest that hybrid programming environments can help to transition students from blocks to text-based programming while minimizing negative perceptions of programming.
The Impact of Children's Death on Shona Mothers and Families

This study is designed to examine the effects of the crises of the deaths of infants or children on Shona women in Zimbabwe Africa. Specifically the study investigates the relationship between marriage and family life situations before and after the death. It examines the changing self concepts social status family and social relationships from the perceptions of 124 who experienced the death of 1 or more infants and/or children. This study refutes the literature which suggests that people who experience high death rates depersonalize the high risk group and therefore are little a affected by the loss. The death of a child in this culture presented a profound crisis. In situations where the husband/wife relationship was solid with open communication and shared decision making and the husband was able to provide social and emotional support to his wife the marital relatonship tended to remain intact. When family crises were multiple husbands did not provide social support and the woman was blamed for the death the relationship deteriorated and in many cases divorce was the result. If the relationship was poor before the death occurred the crisis exacerbated the situation and led to the dissolving of the marriage.
The Fishes of Factory Creek (Shoal Creek System, Pickwick Lake Subbasin) in the Tennessee River Drainage

Factory Creek is a major tributary to Shoal Creek (Tennessee River drainage) and drains 311 km2 in Lawrence and Wayne counties, TN. We conducted a fish survey of Factory Creek in 2017 and calculated index of biotic integrity (IBI) scores using the “30 + 2” sampling method of the Geological Survey of Alabama for Tennessee River Valley streams. Our collections yielded 58 fish species, with a mean of 27 species per collection and with Erimyzon claviformis (Western Creek Chubsucker) reported for the first time from Factory Creek. Including historical records, the known fish fauna of Factory Creek comprises 75 species. Index scores varied from 42 to 58 out of 60 (good to excellent) with a mean of 52 (excellent), which reflects a relatively undisturbed and intact fish community. Factory Creek is located in the Pickwick Lake subbasin, a hotspot for aquatic biodiversity in the southeastern United States. Because much of Factory Creek has excellent IBI conditions, we recommend continued biological monitoring and adherence to best land-use management practices to ensure proactive conservation of the fish fauna.
The effectiveness of initial therapy contact: A systematic review.

Abstract ‘Initial therapy contacts’, defined as (the first) 3 h or less of face-to-face psychological treatment, encompassing both the early phase of a longer therapy and one-off single session therapies, are seen as a critical phase of treatment. However, little is known about the direct effect of initial therapy contacts on change in common symptoms typically presented by patients in psychological therapy services. Our systematic literature search resulted in 35 identified empirical studies on the effect of initial therapy contacts. These studies were analyzed in three stages: 1) A systematic comparison of study characteristics using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; 2) A domain-based evaluation of methodological rigor of the studies, in line with Cochrane's guidelines on assessing risk of bias; 3) A narrative synthesis of reported findings. The considerable variability in therapy format (a stand-alone single session, 2 + 1 format, or initial session of multisession therapy) and study design (post/pre-post measurement, with/without control) limited comparability of studies. The quality assessment indicated that the majority of studies had relatively weak methodologies overall. Qualitative synthesis of the effectiveness results suggests that a significant proportion of patients reported benefits, including symptom change. This positive effect is especially clear when compared to no-treatment controls, and appears to be maintained at follow-up. The findings suggest that a broad range of initial therapy formats, could in itself be beneficial to patients in primary care treatment settings, and that further research is warranted.
Electroclinical Findings of SYNJ1 Epileptic Encephalopathy.

Introduction: Early-onset epileptic encephalopathies are among the most severe early-onset epilepsies, leading to progressive neurodegeneration. An increasing number of novel genetic causes continue to be uncovered as the primary etiology. Results: We report a girl infant of Semitic (Saudi Arabian) descent who presented with multifocal seizures and later developed intractable infantile spasms and myoclonic seizures. Her clinical features and electroencephalography were consistent with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy. Whole exome sequence analysis showed homozygous novel pathogenic variant (variant p.Q287PfsX27; coding DNA c.858_862delACAAA) in the SYNJ1 gene. Conclusion: This is a newly described early-onset epileptic encephalopathy secondary to a critical reduction of the dual phosphatase activity of SYNJ. Clinical features include early-onset intractable focal, myoclonic seizures, infantile spasms, and hypotonia progressing to spastic quadriparesis, opisthotonus, dystonia, profound developmental delay, and a progressive neurodegenerative course. Brain magnetic resonance imaging is usually normal. Electroencephalography shows diffuse slowing with multifocal epileptiform discharges or modified hypsarrhythmia. These findings further expand the clinical spectrum of synaptic dysregulation in patients with severe epilepsy and emphasize the importance of this biological pathway in seizure pathophysiology.
Effect of Morning vs. Evening Turmeric Consumption on Urine Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Obese, Middle-Aged Adults: A Feasibility Study

The circadian rhythm of biological systems is an important consideration in developing health interventions. The immune and oxidative defense systems exhibit circadian periodicity, with an anticipatory increase in activity coincident with the onset of the active period. Spice consumption is associated with enhanced oxidative defense. The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a protocol, comparing the effects of morning vs. evening consumption of turmeric on urine markers of oxidative stress in obese, middle-aged adults. Using a within-sample design, participants received each of four clock time x treatment administrations, each separated by one week: morning turmeric; evening turmeric; morning control; evening control. Participants prepared for each lab visit by consuming a low-antioxidant diet for two days and fasting for 12 h. Urine was collected in the lab at baseline and one-hour post-meal and at home for the following five hours. The results showed that the processes were successful in executing the protocol and collecting the measurements and that participants understood and adhered to the instructions. The findings also revealed that the spice treatment did not elicit the expected antioxidant effect and that the six-hour post-treatment urine collection period did not detect differences in urine endpoints across treatments. This feasibility study revealed that modifications to the spice treatment and urine sampling timeline are needed before implementing a larger study.
Extraosseous multiple myeloma: imaging spectrum in the abdomen and pelvis

Multiple myeloma represents a subset of plasma cell dyscrasias characterized by the proliferation of plasma cells typically in the bone marrow, representing approximately 1% of all cancers and 15% of hematologic malignancies. Often multiple myeloma is limited to the skeletal system; however, a small percentage (<5%) of patients will develop extraosseous manifestations. We review the current WHO classification of plasma cell dyscrasias and use multimodality imaging including US, CT, MRI, and PET-CT to illustrate the spectrum of extraosseous multiple myeloma in the abdomen and pelvis. Because extraosseous multiple myeloma is associated with a poorer prognosis and decreased survival, it is important for the radiologist to become familiar with a variety of extraosseous manifestations in the abdomen and pelvis, especially in a patient with a known diagnosis of multiple myeloma and the development of an abdominal or pelvic mass.
Zr-Based MOFs for oxidative desulfurization: what matters?

Hierarchically porous Zr-based MOF (HP-Zr-MOF) as a catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of fuel was studied. The refractory organosulfur compounds can be completely removed at room temperature. The superior performance of HP-Zr-MOF, among other MOFs, makes it a promising candidate for practical application in the ODS process.
Effect of Body Size on Methylmercury Concentrations in Shoreline Spiders: Implications for Their Use as Sentinels.

Shoreline spiders have been proposed as sentinels to monitor aquatic contaminants including methylmercury (MeHg). The present study examined the effect of spider body size on MeHg concentrations in shoreline spiders. We collected 6 taxa of spiders belonging to 4 families (orb-weavers [Araneidae], long-jawed orb weavers [Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha sp.], jumping spiders [Salticidae], and wolf spiders [Lycosidae: Pardosa sp., Rabidosa sp., and Schizocosa sp.]) from the shorelines of 14 human-made ponds at the Lyndon B. Johnson National Grasslands in north Texas (USA). As a proxy for body size, we measured leg length (tibia + patella) of each spider. Spider taxa differed by 3-fold in mean MeHg concentration, and MeHg concentrations in 4 of 6 spider taxa increased significantly with leg length. The present study is the first to demonstrate that shoreline spider MeHg concentrations increase as a function of spider body size. Because spider size may account for some within-taxa variation in MeHg concentrations, future studies that utilize spiders as sentinels of aquatic contamination by MeHg or other biomagnifying contaminants should take spider size into account. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1149-1154. © 2020 SETAC.
Bilateral vertical shear sacroiliac joint dislocations treated with bilateral triangular osteosynthesis in a young female: A case report.

Abstract Case Type C pelvic ring fractures account for only 0.34% of all pelvic fractures (Zhang, 2012 [1]). Anterior and posterior pelvic fixation is necessary in these injuries and can be accomplished using a variety of techniques. This study presents a case of bilateral vertical shear sacroiliac joint dislocations with an associated hip dislocation and pubic rami fractures that was treated with bilateral triangular osteosynthesis and INFIX. Conclusion This is the first reported case of bilateral vertical shear sacroiliac joint dislocation treated with triangular osteosynthesis. Anterior pelvic fixation with INFIX and posterior fixation with lumbopelvic and percutaneous sacroiliac screws resulted in excellent radiographic and clinical outcomes.
Limited polymorphism in k13 gene of Plasmodium falciparum and k12 of Plasmodium vivax isolates imported from African and Asian countries between 2014 and 2019 in Hangzhou city, China

Malaria causes major public health problems globally and drug resistance hinders its control and elimination. Molecular markers associated with drug resistance are considered as a beneficial tool to monitor the disease trends, evolution and distribution so as to help improve drug policy. We collected 148 Plasmodium falciparum and 20 Plasmodium vivax isolates imported into Hangzhou city, China between 2014 and 2019. k13 gene of P. falciparum and k12 of P. vivax were sequenced. Polymorphisms and prevalence of k13 and k12 were analyzed. Most (98.65%, 146/148) P. falciparum infections were imported from Africa, and half P. vivax cases came from Africa and the other half from Asia. Nucleotide mutation prevalence was 2.03% (3/148) and the proportion of amino acid mutations was 0.68% (1/148). The amino acid mutation, A676S, was observed in an isolate from Nigeria. No mutation of k12 was observed from the parasites from African and Asian countries. Limited polymorphism in k13 gene of P. falciparum isolates imported from African countries, but no evidence for the polymorphism of k12 in P. vivax samples from African and Asian countries was found. These results provide information for drug policy update in study region.
The Effect of Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Financial Analysts’ Information Environment

This paper examines the effect of the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the European Union on financial analysts’ information environment. To control for the effect of confounding concurrent events, we use a control sample of firms that had already voluntarily adopted IFRS at least two years prior to the mandatory adoption date. We find that analysts’ absolute forecast errors and forecast dispersion decrease relative to this control sample only for those mandatory IFRS adopters domiciled in countries with both strong enforcement regimes and domestic accounting standards that differ significantly from IFRS. Furthermore, for mandatory adopters domiciled in countries with both weak enforcement regimes and domestic accounting standards that differ significantly from IFRS, we find that forecast errors and dispersion decrease more for firms with stronger incentives for transparent financial reporting. These results highlight the important roles of enforcement regimes and firm-level reporting incentives in determining the impact of mandatory IFRS adoption.
Eastern diet and erectile dysfunction

Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition defined by the inability to achieve penile erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. Being a diet high in refined carbohydrates, fatty acids, and cholesterol, the Western diet has been associated with a number of cardiovascular and metabolic sequelae, including ED. Here, we review the literature on the effects of the nutritional elements and dietary patterns of the Western diet in relation to the pathogenesis of ED, as well as dietary modifications that may improve ED symptoms.
Perception of Human Motion Similarity Based on Laban Movement Analysis

Metrics of similarity between human motion sequences are central to many motion retrieval, classification, and synthesis techniques. However, research on distance measures shows a lack of correlation between human perception and commonly used metrics such as dynamic time warping distance. This paper analyzes the perception of human motion similarity based on the intrinsic qualities of motion described by the Effort component of Laban Movement Analysis. We conducted an Amazon Mechanical Turk study to collect human judgments on the perceptual similarity of various motion styles to the baseline conditions. The results indicate that Effort factors impacting the flow of movement are perceptually more distinguishable than factors affecting the timing, weight, and spatial attention. The results also confirm the lack of correlation between the human perception of motion similarity and standard measures.
The Effect of Weight Loss by Dehydration and the Withholding of Food on the Physiologic Responses of Wrestlers

(1943). The Effect of Weight Loss by Dehydration and the Withholding of Food on the Physiologic Responses of Wrestlers. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 158-166.
Effects of Vitamin Supplementation on Vitamin Levels in Human Milk: Vitamin B-6, Vitamin C and Folacin

The nutritional needs of lactating women for several of the water-soluble vitamins have been established provisionally by national and international groups1–5. Increases of one-fourth to two-thirds the vitamin levels recommended for non-lactating women have been proposed to meet the needs of milk production for the infant as well as to protect against maternal deficiencies. These recommendations represent scientific judgements based on attaining what is presumed to be adequate levels of nutrients in milk for breastfeeding, and on meeting the metabolic needs associated with additional nutrient intakes and/or nutrient conversions during lactation5.
Crime Continuity and Psychological Inertia: Testing the Cognitive Mediation and Additive Postulates with Male Adjudicated Delinquents

Crime continuity is one of the best documented and least understood aspects of criminal behavior. Psychological inertia, the notion that cognitive variables mediate the relationship between earlier and later expressions of the same behavior, was tested as a possible explanation for crime continuity. The cognitive mediation and additive postulates of the psychological inertia theorem were tested in a path analysis using self-report data from 1170 male delinquent members of the Pathways to Desistance study (Mulvey in Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL, 2012). Wave 1 delinquency served as the independent variable, Wave 3 delinquency served as the dependent variable, Wave 2 outcome expectancies for crime, self-efficacy, general criminal thinking, and social capital served as the mediator variables, and 12 different baseline measures from criminological theory served as control variables in this study. General criminal thinking and low self-efficacy successfully mediated the relationship between past and future offending after age, race, early behavioral problems, peer criminality, family criminality, parental knowledge and monitoring, parental hostility, routine activities, measured intelligence, and precursors for each of the mediators were controlled. Social capital (cumulative disadvantage), by comparison, failed to mediate crime continuity in this study. Effective cognitive mediation of the relationship between Wave 1 offending and Wave 3 offending and evidence that the effect may be additive offer preliminary support for the cognitive mediation and additive postulates of the psychological inertia theorem. Practical implications of these results include the need to routinely assess cognitive factors in criminal populations and target these factors for intervention.
INSULIN RESISTANCE (IR) IN TURNER SYNDROME (TS): DETECTION BY DIMINISHED IN VITRO RESPONSE OF ERYTHROCYTE PROGENITOR CELLS (EPC) TO INSULIN

In 6 untreated patients with TS [mean age (MA)=18.3±2.29 yr, mean body mass index (MBMI)=21.5±0.75 kg/m2], mean plasma glucose during an OGTT was significantly higher at 120 min (p<0.05) than in 6 female controls [MA=27.2±1.54 yr, MBMI=20.9±0.78 kg/m2 (p=NS vs TS)]. This occurred despite a higher mean insulin concentration at 120 min and a higher mean integrated insulin response in TS (both p<0.05 vs controls). To document the presence of presumed IR, we measured insulin sensitivity in vitro by the EPC assay. EPC showed a mean proliferative response of only 60.0±11.6% above baseline in TS vs 95.0±4.65% for normal females (p<0.01). We have previously reported a much greater reduction in EPC response (26.7±9.11% above baseline)in obese hyperinsulinemic subjects with more severe insulin resistance. In an attempt to localize the site of IR in TS patients, insulin receptor binding of peripheral monocytes was examined. Binding in TS was heterogeneous with 4 subjects manifesting normal binding while the other 2 had diminished binding sites. Binding did not correlate with in vitro insulin sensitivity.
A Population-Based Study of Alcohol Use in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Unions

The present study advances research on union status and health by providing a first look at alcohol use differentials among different-sex and same-sex married and cohabiting individuals using nationally representative population-based data (National Health Interview Surveys 1997–2011, N = 181,581). The results showed that both same-sex and different-sex married groups reported lower alcohol use than both same-sex and different-sex cohabiting groups. The results further revealed that same-sex and different-sex married individuals reported similar levels of alcohol use, whereas same-sex and different-sex cohabiting individuals reported similar levels of alcohol use. Drawing on marital advantage and minority stress approaches, the findings suggest that it is cohabitation status—not same-sex status—that is associated with elevated alcohol rates.
D-Bases for Polynomial Ideals over Commutative Noetherian Rings

We present a completion-like procedure for constructing D-bases for polynomial ideals over commutative Noetherian rings with. unit. The procedure is described at an abstract level, by transition rules. Its termination is proved under certain assumptions about the strategy that controls the application of the transition rules. Correctness is established by proof simplification techniques.
Asian Crops And Human Dietetics

Asian Crops and Human Dietetics, written by Usha Rani Palaniswamy, PhD (Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Excelsior College, Albany, NY), is in part a history, geography, cultural anthr...
- ScSpk1: Spk1 (S. cerevisiae)

SPK1 (“Spike1”) was identified in an immunoscreen for protein-tyrosine kinases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It encodes one of the prototype dual-specificity (Ser/Thr/Tyr)-protein kinases. The Spk1 protein is associated with Ser/Thr and Tyr kinase activity, with the latter activity being weak relative to Ser and Thr activity. Spk1 is a nuclear protein. The gene is transcriptionally regulated by an MluI cell cycle box that confers S phase-specific expression. This enhancer is also found upstream of a number of other S phase-specific genes, notably those encoding proteins that participate in DNA synthesis. The spk1 mutant cells are generally inviable, but those that survive (which may harbor suppressor mutations) are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. The nuclear localization, transcriptional regulation, and necessity for recovery from DNA damage all suggest that Spk1 plays an important role in replicative and repair synthesis of DNA. The kinase domain is similar to that of S/T-specific protein kinases. Although ScSpk1 resembles PKG most closely, this similarity does not extend outside the kinase domain to the cGMP-binding region.
A cellular automaton SIS epidemiological model with spatially clustered recoveries

A stochastic two-state epidemiological cellular automaton model is studied, where sites move between susceptible and infected states. Each time step has two phases: an infectious phase, followed by a treatment or recovery phase. During the infectious phase, each infected site stochastically infects its susceptible neighbors. During the recovery phase, contiguous blocks of sites are reset to the susceptible state, representing spatially clustered treatment or recovery. The spatially extended recovery events are coordinated events over groups of cells larger than standard local neighborhoods typically used in cellular automata models. This model, which exhibits complex spatial dynamics, is investigated using simulations, mean field approximations, and local structure theory, also known as pair approximation in the ecological literature. The spatial scale and geometry of recovery events affects the equilibrium distribution of the model, even when the probability of block recovery events is rescaled to maintain a constant per-site recovery probability per time step. Spatially clustered treatments reduce the equilibrium proportion of infected invididuals, compared to spatially more evenly distributed treatment efforts.
Properties and benefits of calibrated classifiers

A calibrated classifier provides reliable estimates of the true probability that each test sample is a member of the class of interest. This is crucial in decision making tasks. Procedures for calibration have already been studied in weather forecasting, game theory, and more recently in machine learning, with the latter showing empirically that calibration of classifiers helps not only in decision making, but also improves classification accuracy. In this paper we extend the theoretical foundation of these empirical observations. We prove that (1) a well calibrated classifier provides bounds on the Bayes error (2) calibrating a classifier is guaranteed not to decrease classification accuracy, and (3) the procedure of calibration provides the threshold or thresholds on the decision rule that minimize the classification error. We also draw the parallels and differences between methods that use receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calibration based procedures that are aimed at findig a threshold of minimum error. In particular, calibration leads to improved performance when multiple thresholds exist.
Ecophysiological and trophic implications of light-stimulated amino Acid utilization in marine picoplankton.

Abstract By using microautoradiography, light-stimulated utilization of dissolved amino acids for natural marine phytoplankton assemblages was demonstrated. The <2-μm-size (diameter) picoplankton, known to be a dominant fraction of marine primary production, revealed a widespread capability for this process. Autofluorescent (chlorophyll a-containing) picoplankton and some larger phytoplankton from diverse oceanic locations, as well as isolates of the representative cyanobacterial picoplankton Synechococcus spp. (WH7803, WH8101), showed light-stimulated incorporation of amino acids at trace concentrations. Dark-mediated amino acid utilization was dominated by nonfluorescent bacterial populations. Among autofluorescent picoplankton, light-stimulated exceeded dark-mediated amino acid incorporation by 5 to 75%; light-stimulated amino acid incorporation was only partially blocked by the photosystem II inhibitor 3(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-1,1-dimethy-lurea (2 × 10-5 M), suggesting a photoheterotrophic incorporation mechanism. Parallel light versus dark incubations with glucose and mannitol indicated a lack of light-stimulated utilization of these nonnitrogenous compounds. Since marine primary production is frequently nitrogen limited, light-mediated auxotrophic utilization of amino acids and possibly other dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) constituents may represent exploitation of the relatively large DON pool in the face of dissolved inorganic nitrogen depletion. This process (i) increases the efficiency of DON retention at the base of oceanic food webs and (ii) may in part be responsible for relatively high rates of picoplankton production under conditions of chronic dissolved inorganic nitrogen limitation. Picoplanktonic recycling of organic matter via this process has important ramifications with respect to trophic transfer via the “microbial loop.”
Clinical Use of Computed Tomographic Perfusion for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Lesion Growth in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) mapping in research centers correlates well with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions and may accurately differentiate the infarct core from ischemic penumbra. The value of CTP in real-world clinical practice has not been fully established. We investigated the yield of CTP-derived cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transient time (MTT) for the detection of cerebral ischemia and ischemic penumbra in a sample of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods We studied 165 patients with initial clinical symptoms suggestive of AIS. All patients had an initial noncontrast head CT, CTP, CT angiogram (CTA), and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The obtained perfusion images were used for image processing. CBV, MTT, and DWI lesion volumes were visually estimated and manually traced. Statistical analysis was conducted using R and SAS software. Results All normal DWI sequences had normal CBV and MTT studies (N = 89). Seventy-three patients had acute DWI lesions. CBV was abnormal in 23.3% and MTT was abnormal in 42.5% of these patients. There was a high specificity (91.8%) but poor sensitivity (40.0%) for MTT maps predicting positive DWI. The Spearman correlation was significant between MTT and DWI lesions (ρ = 0.66; P > .0001) only for abnormal MTT and DWI lesions >0 cc. CBV lesions did not correlate with final DWI. Conclusions In real-world use, acute imaging with CTP did not predict stroke or DWI lesions with sufficient accuracy. Our findings argue against the use of CTP for screening AIS patients until real-world implementations match the accuracy reported from specialized research centers.
Testing the generality and automaticity of self-reference encoding with release from proactive interference

Abstract In three experiments the release from proactive interference paradigm was used to examine the role of the self in memory. In Experiment 1 stimuli were trait adjectives that had been previously rated for their descriptiveness of the rater or for their descriptiveness of a well-known other (Ronald Reagan). Across three trials, significant proactive interference was obtained for all adjectives (regardless of whether they described the self, Ronald Reagan, or neither). Release from proactive interference was observed only for self-rated adjectives. The interpretation of this result was clouded, however, because the trait adjectives also shifted on an evaluative dimension from Trials 1–3 to Trial 4. In Experiments 2 and 3, when the evaluative dimension was not allowed to change, no release from proactive interference was obtained. These results suggest that the involvement of a self-schema in memory is not as ubiquitous or automatic as some views have assumed.
Transcultural affinity: thoughts on the emergent cosmopolitan imagination in South Africa

Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the ex-chairman of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), made international headlines when he announced that he would rather go to hell than worship a homophobic God. He further stated that he was as passionate about gay rights as he ever was about opposing apartheid. Tutu is not alone in promoting tolerance and openness to diversity in South Africa. Contemporary thinkers, writers, and poets are also striving to establish new moral topographies whose goals are to encourage an open society through forms of social solidarity that transcend race, gender, and religion. Njabulo Ndebele, Antjie Krog, Sarah Nuttall, Achille Mbembe among others, come to mind in this respect. This article examines this new mode of living, and argues that in South Africa, there is evidence of an emergent cosmopolitan landscape that seeks to deal with the legacies of apartheid and the challenges of an increasingly fractured, globalized world.
Hormone replacement therapy and risk for foot, distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis fractures.

This case-control epidemiologic study examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for fractures of four sites among women 45 years of age and older. From October 1996 to May 2001, incident patients with distal forearm (n=744), foot (n=618), proximal humerus (n=331), and pelvis (n=109) fractures were recruited from five Kaiser Permanente Medical Centers in northern California. Controls (n=1617) were selected at random from the same five medical centers over the same time period within strata defined by 5-year age group, gender, and white versus nonwhite or unknown recorded race/ethnicity. Trained interviewers collected information using a standardized questionnaire. Compared with postmenopausal women who never used HRT, postmenopausal women currently using HRT for at least 3 months had a decreased risk of fracture at the distal forearm (adjusted OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.72), proximal humerus (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.74), and pelvis (adjusted OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.95), but not the foot (adjusted OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.81, 1.35). Past use of HRT for more than 7 years also appeared to be associated with a reduced risk of fracture at the distal forearm and proximal humerus. The longer a woman went without HRT after her last menstrual period, the greater her risk of fracture in the distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis. The findings of this study support long-term, current use of HRT for the prevention of osteoporotic fractures, but other risks and benefits also need to be considered.