cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the elastic stability of simply supported anisotropic sandwich panels

Abstract Here, the elastic stability behavior of simply supported anisotropic sandwich flat panels subjected to mechanical in-plane loads is investigated using an analytical approach. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory and the shear correction factors employed are based on energy consideration that depends on the lay-up as well as material properties. The governing equations are obtained using the Raleigh–Ritz method assuming a combination of sine and cosine functions in the form of double Fourier series for the displacement fields. The effectiveness of the integrated formulation is tested for global characteristics considering examples related to multi-layered laminates and sandwich panels for which solutions are available.
Early and Late Mortality After Diagnosis of Wilms Tumor

Purpose To assess rates and causes of mortality in patients with Wilms tumor (WT). Methods Through 2002, 6,185 patients enrolled onto the National Wilms Tumor Study between 1969 and 1995 were actively observed. Deaths were classified on the basis of medical records as the result of original disease, late effects (including second malignant neoplasms [SMNs], cardiac causes, pulmonary disease, and renal failure), or other causes. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and Cox regression were used to assess the effects of sex, age, and calendar period of diagnosis on mortality. Results Within 5 years of WT diagnosis, 819 deaths occurred, and 159 deaths occurred among 4,972 known 5-year survivors. The SMR was 24.3 (95% CI, 22.6 to 26.0) for the first 5 years, was 12.6 (95% CI, 10.0 to 15.7) for the next 5 years, and remained greater than 3.0 thereafter. For deaths in the first 5 years, the mortality risk decreased by 5-year calendar period of diagnosis (rate ratio [RR] = 0.78 per period). No such trend occurred...
Construction and Activity of Phosphorylatable Human Interferon-αB2 and Interferon-αA/D

ABSTRACT The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to introduce a phosphorylation site into human interferon-αB2 (Hu-IFN-αB2) and the chimeric human interferon-αA/D (Hu-IFN-αA/D). The phosphoryl...
Familial factors in early deaths: twins followed 30 years to ages 51-61 in 1978.

Subjects in the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Twin Registry of 31,848 male twin veterans were followed for mortality from 1 January 1946, or from the date of entry into military service if that was later, to 31 December 1978. During this time 3,573 deaths occurred among them, 837 due to trauma and 2,712 due to disease.
Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels

The ability to measure intracellular deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool sizes is important for understanding the intracellular metabolism of DNA synthesis and repair. We have developed an improved method for measuring intracellular dNTP pool size by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Previous methods have enabled accurate measurement of dNTPs only in concentrations greater than approximately 10 pmol per 106 cells due to the inability to partially purify cell extracts, to the inability to apply extracts from extremely large numbers of cells, to the lack of efficient columns, to the presence of incompatible solvents, and to the inability to inject large volumes. We have modified a low-pressure strong anion-exchange column pre-step developed by others to concentrate and partially purify oxidized cell extracts while at the same time eluting them in a more compatible solvent for HPLC injection. The HPLC column is a YMC ODS-AQ column operating in a combined hydrophobic-interaction chromatography—reversed-phase chromatography mode. The injection and elution solvents are both phosphate-based. Using this method it is possible to measure intracellular dNTP levels well below 0.5 pmol per 106 cells or at the sensitivity of the DNA polymerase assay.
BACK TRANSPORT OF INFANTS FROM NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS (NICUS) FOR CONVALESCENT CARE. IS IT SAFE

The clinical course of 55 back-transported (BT) infants was compared with that of 49 infants who remained at a regional peri natal center for convalescent care (NT). Although the mean birth-weight and mean gestational age of the BT infants was significantly less than that of NT infants (BT = 1614±522 gms and 32±2.7 wks, NT = 1902±626 and 33.1±2.5; p <0.05), the two groups did not differ in the incidence of respiratory disease, infectious complications, hyperbilirubinemia, patent ductus arteriosus, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, or days of assisted ventilation. The mean daily weight gain of the BT infants was significantly greater than that of the NT infants (BT=26±11 gms, NT=16.6±12, p<.001). Four BT infants were retransferred to NICUs prior to discharge. The BT infants exhibited a significantly greater number (p<.05) of new cardiovascular problems after transport. Following transfer, the BT infants did not demonstrate increased oxygen needs or increased incidence of feeding intolerance (emesis, abdominal distention, gastric residuals). No change in the frequency or nature of episodes of apnea and bradycardia occurred among the BT group. A comparison of the incidence of new respiratory, GI, metabolic, neurologic, infectious, and miscellaneous problems revealed no statistical difference between the two groups. We concluded that, when practiced within our regional perinatal system, back transport was safe.
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome: the expanded clinical syndrome.

Twenty-eight patients with dermatologic reactions to infection with phage group II staphylococci are described. Reactions in the skin included: generalized exfoliative disease in infants (Ritter's disease) and in children (toxic epidermal necrolysis), generalized scarlatiniform erythema without exfoliation (staphylococcal scarlet fever), and localized bullous impetigo. The generalized exfoliative disease in the newborn infant or in older chlidren and bullous impetigo have previously been associated with this particular organism, but nonstreptococcal scarlatiniform eruption has not. These various clinical manifestations of infection with the phage group II staphylococcus present a spectrum of disease with a single etiology. Utilizing an experimental model, methicillin therapy was demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating the course of the disease; treatment with corticosteroids had no beneficial effect.
Isolated dropped head due to adult-onset nemaline myopathy treated by posterior fusion.

Neck extensor muscle weakness causing dropped head is most commonly associated with myasthenia gravis, ALS, and paraspinous myopathy.1–3 Less often, myotonic dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, hypothyroidism, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis are associated with dropped head.1 We describe a patient with isolated dropped head and no limb weakness due to adult-onset nemaline myopathy that improved with a posterior cervical spinal fusion. A 72-year-old man presented with a 10-year history of a progressive head drop. He denied limb weakness, diplopia, or imbalance. There was no family history of neuromuscular disorders. His physical examination revealed isolated neck extensor weakness with normal limb muscle strength (figure, A). Deep tendon reflexes and sensation were normal. Creatine kinase, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and acetylcholine receptor antibodies were normal or negative. Cervical spine MRI demonstrated multilevel degenerative changes. Sensory and motor …
Mathematical Modeling and Simulations of Membrane Bioreactor Extractive Fermentations

A model of extractive ethanol fermentation within a membrane bioreactor has been constructed by using a structured, nonsegregated model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The model has been tested by comparing actual and simulated reactor fermentations. The time-dependent approach to steady-state operation is well predicted. The model has also been used to examine an array of alternative operating strategies.
Validity Assessment of a Machine-Coded Event Data Set for the Middle East, 1982-92

This paper is a study of the validity of a machine-coded event data series for six Middle Eastern actors and the United States. The series is based on Reuters newswire story leads coded into the WEIS categories. The face validity of the data is assessed by examining the monthly net cooperation scores based on Goldstein's (1992) scale in comparison to narrative accounts of the interactions between the actors; the event data series clearly shows the major patterns of political interaction. The machinecoded data are also compared to a human-coded WEIS data set based on the The New York Times and Los Angeles Times. Almost all dyads show a statistically significant correlation between the number of events reported by the two series, as well as the number of cooperative events. About half of the dyads show significant correlation in net cooperation and the number of conflictual events; many of these differences appear to be due to the higher density of events in Reuters. Finally, the machine-coded and WEIS data sets are used in two statistical time series studies and are shown to produce generally comparable results. Validity Assessment... 2
Carbohydrates in humic and fulvic acids from Hiroshima Bay sediments

Abstract A core of 75 cm length from Hiroshima Bay, Seto Inland Sea in Japan, has been analyzed for the carbohydrate content of the humic and fulvic acids. These carbohydrates were found by gel filtration to be in the high molecular weight range. Carbohydrates were more abundant in fulvic acids than in humic acids. A comparison of carbohydrates in humic acids with those in fulvic acids showed that the former did not undergo diagenetic loss any faster than the latter. Identification of most alditol acetate in monosaccharides is based on the comparison of gas chromatographic retention indices and mass spectrometric fragmentation with those of authentic standard compounds. However, the compositional differences between carbohydrates in humic and fulvic acids were greater in the top section of 0–20 cm than in the 50–70 cm section. The processes which produce the humic-acid carbohydrates are operative either prior to or shortly after deposition.
Cluster validity profiles

Abstract The quantitative evaluation of clusters has lagged far behind the development of clustering algorithms. This paper introduces a new procedure, based on probability profiles, for judging the validity of clusters established from rank-order proximity data. Probability profiles furnish a comprehensive picture of the compactness and isolation of a cluster, scaled in probability units. Given a rank-order proximity matrix and a cluster to be examined, profiles compare the cluster's upper bounds on the best compactness and isolation indices one would expect in a randomly chosen graph. After reviewing the pertinent literature this paper explains the background from graph theory and cluster analysis needed to treat cluster validity. The probabilities and bounds needed to form cluster profiles are derived and strategies for using profiles are suggested. Special attention is given to the underlying probability models. Profiles are demonstrated on four artificially generated data sets, two of which have good hierarchical structure, and on data from a speaker recognition project. They reject spurious clusters and accept apparently valid clusters. Since profiles quantify the interaction between a cluster and its environment, they provide a much richer source of information on cluster structure than single-number indices proposed in the literature.
Incidence and Causes of Physical Failure of Artificial Habitat Structures in Streams of Western Oregon and Washington

Abstract In recent years an increasing share of fishery management resources has been committed to alteration offish habitat with artificial stream structures. We evaluated rates and causes of physical impairment or failure for 161 fish habitat structures in 15 streams in southwest Oregon and southwest Washington, following a flood of a magnitude that recurs every 2–10 years. The incidence of functional impairment and outright failure varied widely among streams; the median failure rate was 18.5% and the median damage rate (impairment plus failure) was 60%. Modes of failure were diverse and bore no simple relationship to structure design. Damage was frequent in low-gradient stream segments and widespread in streams with signs of recent watershed disturbance, high sediment loads, and unstable channels. Comparison of estimated 5–10-year damage rates from 46 projects throughout western Oregon and southwest Washington showed high but variable rates (median, 14%; range, 0–100%) in regions where peak discharge ...
Explanation of Pre-Steady-State Kinetics and Decreased Burst Amplitude of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase at Sites of Modified DNA Bases with an Additional, Nonproductive Enzyme−DNA−Nucleotide Complex†

The majority of pre-steady-state kinetic investigations with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT) have reported substoichiometric bursts (30-50%) of product formation in the initial reaction cycle. By using quantitative amino acid analysis, we have revised the extinction coefficient of the HIV-1 RT heterodimer and show that normal nucleotide incorporation (canonical four bases) proceeds with quantitative bursts in the first cycle. We have also modeled our previous results with this polymerase, including four situations with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) moieties in which substoichiometric bursts (2-35%) were observed even after the correction of enzyme concentration by amino acid analysis. These include insertion of dATP opposite template 8-oxoGua, insertion of (deoxy) 8-oxoGua 5'-triphosphate opposite template C, and extension of primers beyond 8-oxoGua-A and 8-oxoGua-C pairs. The "minimal" polymerase mechanism and three others were evaluated using KINSIM and FITSIM methods. The latter three mechanisms involve a conformationally distinct, inactive polymerase-DNA-dNTP complex in equilibrium with the initial ternary complex and a conformationally distinct complex leading to phosphodiester bond formation. All three of the modified mechanisms fit the observed reaction results, but the minimal mechanism did not. Nonfunctional binary complexes (enzyme-DNA) are an alternate explanation (to ternary complexes) in some cases. Finally, DNA trapping experiments indicate that enzyme does not dissociate from the 8-oxoGua-containing DNA substrate prior to phosphodiester bond formation. We conclude that HIV-1 RT is fully active in normal nucleotide incorporation and that substoichiometric bursts with modified systems are well-described by the existence of nonproductive ternary complexes, which can isomerize to productive complexes.
Time course of VMN lesion effects on lordosis and proceptive behavior in female hamsters.

Previous studies suggest that ultrasound production by female hamsters is better able than other reproductive behaviors to recover from an initial drop caused by damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMN). At the same time, few studies have examined the time course of such lesion effects. To remedy this, female hamsters were observed before and after control operations or VMN lesions. The behaviors considered were ultrasound production, lordosis, approach, and vaginal marking. Ultrasound production, lordosis, and approach were affected by lesions, permitting the description of the time course of each of these effects. Only ultrasound rates showed evidence of recovery, which culminated in rates significantly above those observed preoperatively in the same animals. This suggests that ultrasound production is unusual in its response to VMN damage and that the underlying mechanism could be of interest in studies of the processes that determine recovery from brain damage.
Developing A Master's Program for Theater Educators

The call and need of postgraduate training for teachers in the arts continues to grow, but few programs exist that provide sufficient flexibility or diversity, particularly for theatre educators. This article examines the factors necessary for consideration in the development of new graduate programs. A paramount concern in that development is the needs of teachers contrasted against the capabilities and limitations of the respective institution and its faculty.
Occlusion: Reflections on science and clinical reality

The last 50 years have seen progress in emphasizing scientific evidence as a basis for dental practice, including occlusal therapy. Although a proper understanding of the contributory role of occlusion to temporomandibular disorders should not be minimized, the importance of occlusion in other areas of dental education and practice should not be overlooked. The primary objective of this article is to discuss the nature of this problem as it relates to the duality of science and clinical reality in the evidence-based paradigm, information transfer, quality of evidence, clinical trials, and clinical aspects of occlusion. Some suggested solutions for the problem and thoughts on past and future perspectives of occlusion are expressed in context of inquiry.
IL‐18 stimulates IL‐13‐mediated IFN‐γ‐sensitive host resistance in vivo

IL-4 and IL-13 are up-regulated during in vivo responses to many nematode parasites, but increasing evidence suggests that increases in IL-13 can also occur independently of the IL-4-dominant Th2 response. Blocking B7 after Trichuris muris inoculation inhibits resistance and IL-4 elevations, instead resulting in an IFN-γ-dominant response associated with susceptibility. However, blocking IFN-γ under these conditions restores IL-13-dependent resistance. In this study, we examined the mechanism of IL-13 up-regulation and associated protection during this in vivo immune response. CD4+ T cells and DX5+TCR– cells were identified as the major producers of IL-13, and the DX5+TCR– cells were phenotyped as NK cells, since they expressed CD11b, IL-2Rβ and Ly49C but not c-kit or FcϵRI. NK cell-derived IL-13 elevations were T cell-dependent, as CD4+ T cell depletion blocked IL-13 production by mesenteric lymph node cells and induced susceptibility. IL-13 expression was increased independently of IL-12; however, blocking IL-18 function inhibited IL-13 production and increased susceptibility. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells and NK cells are the major sources of IL-13 during the in vivo Th1 response induced by B7 blockade and that under these conditions, IL-18 is specifically required for the in vivo up-regulation of IL-13 production and associated host protection.
Emergence of Complex Haplotypes from Microevolutionary Variation in Sequence and Structure of Colias Phosphoglucose Isomerase

A molecular evolutionary explanation of natural genetic variation requires analysis of specific variants’ evolutionary dynamics. To pursue this for phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) of Colias butterflies, whose polymorphism is maintained by strong natural selection, we assembled a large data set of wild haplotypes, highly variable at the amino acid and DNA levels. The most common electrophoretic, i.e., charge macrostate, allele class, 3, is conserved in its pattern of charged amino acid residues. The next most common macrostate, 4, has multiple patterns of charge, i.e., microstates, while less common (1, 2, 5, 6) macrostates are very diverse. Macrostate 4 shows significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) among its variants, especially for two groups of five haplotypes each. We find extensive intragenic recombination among all haplotypes except the two high-LD groups of macrostate 4, which display none. Phyletic relations among haplotypes are largely reticulate, again except for the high-LD groups of macrostate 4, which form clades with strong bootstrap support. Charge-changing and linked charge-neutral amino acid variants occur in diverse parts of PGI’s sequence. Homology-based modeling of PGI’s structure shows that these regions are related spatially in ways suggesting functional interaction. The high-LD groups of macrostate 4 display parallel amino acid variation in these regions. This pattern of haplotype clades with high LD among multiple varying sites, emerging from chaotically recombining variation, may be a “signature” of refinement of complex adaptive sequences by recombination and selection. It should be tested further in this study system and others as a possibly general feature of the evolution of living complexity.
Convergent kinetic equation for plasma in magnetic field

Abstract A Boltzmann-type kinetic equation is derived for a homogeneous electron plasma in a strong uniform magnetic field. The relaxation to thermal equilibrium is described by a convergent collision integral, although shielding is neglected. It is shown that the impulse approximation leads to a modification of the kinetic equation derived earlier by Rostoker and others. Also a quantum-mechanical kinetic equation is derived in the weak-coupling approximation. Its relation to the classical equations is discussed.
ATP promotes the appearance of two DNA-binding forms of the Ah receptor.

Abstract Following the binding of a specific ligand such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin, mild heating has previously been shown to convert cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor to two DNA-binding forms: peak I, which appears to be an Ah receptor monomer; and peak II, which is larger and resembles nuclear Ah receptor. In rat liver cytosol pretreated with charcoal-dextran, and heated briefly at 22 °C, the addition of a physiological (3 m m ) concentration of ATP substantially increases the formation of both peak I and peak II receptor. On more extended incubation in the presence of ATP most of the Ah receptor converts to the tighter binding peak II form. The ATP analog 5′-adenylylmethylene diphosphonate (AMPPCP) stimulates the appearance of both DNA-binding forms as effectively as ATP does. In cytosol separated from low molecular weight components by gel filtration prior to incubation, ATP substantially stimulates the appearance of peak II receptor. ATP also increases the amount of peak II receptor formed when peak I receptor is incubated with unlabeled charcoal-treated cytosol. Thus, ATP promotes both the release of Ah receptor monomer from the 9 S complex which cannot bind DNA and the subsequent conversion of that monomer to a form similar or identical to nuclear Ah receptor.
Role of membrane surface morphology in colloidal fouling of cellulose acetate and composite aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membranes

Laboratory-scale colloidal fouling tests, comparing the fouling behavior of cellulose acetate and aromatic polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, are reported. Fouling of both membranes was studied at identical initial permeation rates so that the effect of the transverse hydrodynamic force (permeation drag) on the fouling of both membranes is comparable. Results showed a significantly higher fouling rate for the thin-film composite membranes compared to that for the cellulose acetate membranes. Addition of an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) to mask variations in chemical and electrokinetic surface characteristics of the cellulose acetate and aromatic polyamide membranes resulted in only a small change in the fouling behavior. The higher fouling rate for the thin-film composite membranes is attributed to surface roughness which is inherent in interfacially polymerized aromatic polyamide composite membranes. AFM and SEM images of the two membrane surfaces strongly support this conclusion. These surface images reveal that the thin-film composite membrane exhibits large-scale surface roughness of ridge-and-valley structure, while the cellulose acetate membrane surface is relatively smooth.
Observations of the far ultraviolet nightglow

The far UV emission in the 1350-1700 A band observable at all latitudes and solar zenith angles up to 165 deg looking down from 225 km is discussed with reference to the Apollo-Soyuz data and results reported by Huffman et al. (1980). It is suggested that the much higher intensities of nighttime far UV radiation reported by Huffman et al. must be due either to an impulsive short-lived source or to a secular increase since 1975 of one or more of the parameters affecting the unknown emission mechanism.
Reaction rates in premixed turbulent flames and their relevance to the turbulent burning speed

An experimental procedure to measure the local reaction rate, in premixed turbulent flames is presented. It utilizes the flame crossing frequency sub-model for the reaction rate formulated by Bray-Champion-Libby (BCL) for turbulent flames with unstrained or equally strained flamelets. The experiments involve measuring the flame crossing frequencies and the conditioned mean velocity of two components using respectively Mie scattering and two color LDA techniques. A method of analysis has also been developed to deduce the turbulent burning speed from. The turbulent/laminar burning speed ratio is obtained by integrating the reaction rates measured along 2D mean Lagrangian flowlines through the flame brush. The flowlines are traced automatically using feedback control for positioning the LDA probe. The method has been applied to study five v-flames and four large bunsen type conical flames. The distribution of are well predicted by the BCL model. The turbulent flame speed results based on are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the conventional flame orientation method. The main advantage of using this method to determine the turbulent burning speed is that the uncertainties are lowered. Furthermore, it can be applied successfully to flames with complex geometries such as the flame tip region of a conical flame.
Expectations for and Satisfaction with Public School Kindergarten: Perspectives of Parents of Handicapped and Nonhandicapped Children

Equal numbers of parents of handicapped (n = 50) and nonhandicapped (n = 50) children from mainstreamed public school kindergarten classrooms participated in a telephone interview regarding their c...
Cinnamon polyphenols attenuate the hydrogen peroxide-induced down regulation of S100β secretion by regulating sirtuin 1 in C6 rat glioma cells.

Abstract Aims It is well established that the brain is particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high consumption of oxygen. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of a water soluble polyphenol-rich extract of cinnamon and the possible mechanisms, under conditions of oxidative stress-induced by hydrogen peroxide, in rat C6 glioma cells. Main methods After 24 h of H2O2 incubation, the secretion and intracellular expression of S100β were determined by immunoprecitation/immunoblotting and immunofluorescence imaging. Key findings Cinnamon polyphenols (CP) counteracted the oxidative effects of H2O2 on S100β secretion and expression. CP also enhanced the impaired protein levels of sirtuins 1, 2, and 3, which are deacetylases important in cell survival. H2O2 also induced the overexpression of the proinflammatory factors, TNF-α, phospho-NF-κB p65, as well as of Bcl-xl, Bax and Caspase-3, which are all the members of the Bcl-2 family. CP not only suppressed the expression of these proteins but also attenuated the phosphorylation induced by H2O2. CP also upregulated the decreased Bcl-2 protein levels in H2O2 treated C6 cells. The effects of CP on H2O2-induced downregulation of S100β secretion were blocked by SIRT1 siRNA demonstrating that SIRT1 plays a regulatory role in CP-mediated prevention by H2O2. Significance These data demonstrate that Cinnamon polyphenols may exert neuroprotective effects in glial cells by the regulation of Bcl-2 family members and enhancing SIRT1 expression during oxidative stress.
A Structurational Analysis of Informed Consent to Treatment: Societal Evolution, Contradiction, and Reproductions in Medical Practice

Informed consent (IC) to treatment enables physician disclosures (e.g., risks, benefits) and shared decisions, and honors patient autonomy and bodily integrity. Unfortunately, litigation and rising physician malpractice insurance suggest a need to reexamine IC. To initiate this, problems plaguing prior studies of IC interaction—lack of discursive and theoretical perspectives, neglect of IC's sociohistorical context—must first be addressed. Structuration theory, which overcomes these problems, guided analyses of IC law, resulting in discovery of three sociohistorical systems of meaning or discourses representing interests that favor different groups' (physicians, states and administrative entities, patients) control of IC's meaning and ideal practice. The article then works toward blending IC's sociohistorical context with struggles in contemporary practice by reexamining the literature on IC interaction for (re)productions of these discourses.
ADRENALECTOMY AND COITUS-INDUCED OVULATION IN THE RABBIT AND CAT1¹

RABBITS USUALLY ovulate within 10 to 12 hours post′coitum; but ovula′tion can be prevented if the anterior hypophysis is removed within 60 to 90 minutes aftermating. This signifies that the anterior hypophysis is stimulated by coitus to secrete its gonadotropic hormones within the stipu′ lated period (1, 2,). The precise mechanism by means of which this is acco′ plished is as yet unknown, although the evidence suggests that in the rabbita neural stimulus, initiated by coitus, passes to the hypothalamus and through the infundibular stalk to the anterior hypophysis (3,4, 5, 6). Although Harris and Brooks agree on the general course of this pathway, they are not in ac′ cord with reference to the systemic and endocrine effects of stalk′section. Harris′ rabbits refused tomate and their gonads atrophied after transection of the stalk, whereas Brooks reported that in his rabbits the gonads were histologically normal and that the mating behavior wasunaltered after a simi′ lar operation.
Liquid crystal technology for adaptive optics

THe ability to attain the highest possible resolution with any optical imaging system depends on maintaining the quality of the wavefront entering and passing through the systems. Wavefront degradation can arise from errors in optical design and manufacture, random aberrators like the Earth's atmosphere, and the structure supporting the imaging system. In the last two decades technology has been developed and tested to remove, in real-time, the effect of aberrators. This technology is commonly known as Adaptive Optics. However, AO is expensive and very complicated. In an effort to reduce complexity and costs, alternative technologies are under study at various institutions.In this paper we will present the status of our effort in using liquid crystal devices as corrective elements for AO applications.
THE DIFFERENT ROLES OF SATISFACTION, TRUST, AND COMMITMENT IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS

Several theories of relationship marketing propose that customers vary in their relationships with a firm on a continuum from transactional to highly relational bonds. Few empirical studies have se...
Engineered smart substrate with embedded patterned permalloy thin film for radio frequency applications

Multifunctional and frequency-agile devices are promising components that satisfy multiple standards of modern wireless communication system. This paper provides a unique method to develop tunable RF components based on engineered smart substrate where the smart substrate contain patterned Permalloy (Py) thin film on high-resistivity silicon. The permeability of Py can be adjusted by changing the DC current, thus allowing tunable RF circuits and components. Single or multi-layer patterns can be developed. To demonstrate tunability of the smart substrate, a frequency reconfigurable patch antenna was fabricated on Liquid Crystal Polymer substrate and bonded to the proposed smart substrate. The patch antenna was tested, which revealed that the center frequency of operation could be tuned from 2.38 GHz to 2.43 GHz by changing the DC current from 0 mA to 500 mA. Similarly, a transmission line based phase shifter was also fabricated on another smart substrate, which showed that the phase shifter could provide continuous 90° phase shift from 2.35 GHz to 2.15 GHz under different DC current bias conditions.
Municipal recycling: an assessment of programmatic and contextual factors affecting program success

How important are administrative practices and program design features in determining recycling success? Data from a national survey of local government public works directors are used to examine the extent to which cities’ waste recycling success can be explained by administrative and programmatic considerations as well as political context. A theory-based model is presented and results show contextual factors are as crucial as programmatic factors to municipal recycling success.
Measurement of consummatory behavior in octopuses

A liquid feeding technique suitable for the study of appetitive conditioning in octopuses is described.
Automated immunoprecipitation of meconium albumin for cystic fibrosis screening in the newborn

Abstract Cystic fibrosis is the most frequent substantially lethal inherited disease in the United States. Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis has been suggested because early diagnosis permits genetic counselling of parents and improved treatment and prognosis for cystic fibrosis patients. The fact that cystic fibrosis newborns have abnormally high meconium albumin seems to offer the best screening approach. Because we have had equivocal and false positive results with meconium albumin test strips, we have developed a nephelometric automated immunoprecipitation method for the quantitative and specific analysis of meconium albumin. On a total of 3895 meconiums so far examined, eleven albumin elevations of undetermined origin have been detected. Nine of these were associated with prematurity. There have been, so far, no detected true positives and no known false negatives. The normal range for meconium albumin is in agreement with previously published ranges determined using manual immunochemical methods. This method is rapid and economic. The question of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of this and other detection methods is discussed.
Pyomyositis: A differential diagnosis from sarcoma

A case of pyomyositis, a deep muscle abscess, presenting as a soft tissue sarcoma is reported. Although common in the tropics, this disease is quite rare in the United States. The presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of the problem are discussed and reviewed.
Remote grating-assisted excitation of narrow-band surface plasmons

We show, based on theoretical analysis and realistic simulations, how a grating embedded in a dielectric substrate can excite surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on the top side of a flat metal film far removed from the grating. This remote SPP excitation is characterized by a narrow spectral bandwidth and a high near-field intensity relative to the standard approach for exciting SPPs. The simplicity of the structure and the fact that it requires only normally incident light should make it relevant to the many applications that benefit from high quality SPPs on a flat metal film.
Wimps? What wimps?

They arrive the last week of August on college campuses all over the USA. Accompanied by anxious, hovering parents (indeed, the term 'helicopter parents' has entered the lexicon), they spill out of rented vans and SUVs, looking bewildered and much younger than their years. They are the freshmen, the entering university students who are about to experience, for the first time in their lives, the thrill of independence.
Radiolarians as possible chronometers of continental drift

Abstract The theory of continental drift which has recently received strong support from studies of palaeomagnetism, provides a basis for an experimental approach to historical oceanography. The present North Atlantic ocean may have originated by widening of a rift first opened in Jurassic or Cretaceous time. The widening may have been steady but is more likely to have proceeded by intermittent activity during which much hot magma was abubdantly extruded from underwater rifts. Powerful hydrothermal interaction should have led to enrichment of the world ocean with silicate and other substances of biological importance. Simultaneously, the ocean should have been warmed somewhat. The conditions should have favoured radiolarians which like warmth and require silica. Although radiolarians have proved extremely resistant to evolutionary change, they showed great development in the Jurassic and also in the upper Eocene. The taxonomy and distribution of radiolarians may well provide the means of dating major cataclysms during the separation of North America from Europe.
Community College Vocational Student Expectations of Institutional Exit Support

ABSTRACT Community colleges have a role to play in providing support for students as they exit vocational or career preparation programs. As colleges have been challenged by an expanding transfer function, it is important that colleges understand student expectations. Such understanding helps to both serve students enrolled in programs and to meet the unique needs of local business and industry. Through an examination at two community colleges, students in vocational programs agreed most strongly that they wanted to be able to evaluate teachers and have support for finding a job. Additionally, most students believed that they would stay in the jobs they received immediately after graduation for the remainder of their career. However, they recognized that they will need to return for additional training in the very near future.
Membrane-induced folding of the cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein endosulfine-α

Endosulfine-alpha (ENSA) is a 121-residue cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, originally identified as an endogenous regulator of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. ENSA has been implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion, and expression of ENSA is decreased in brains of both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down's syndrome patients. We recently described membrane-dependent interactions between ENSA and the Parkinson's disease associated protein alpha-synuclein. Here we characterize the conformational change in ENSA that occurs upon binding to membranes. Secondary chemical shift analysis demonstrates formation of four helices in the lipid-bound state that are not present in the absence of lipid. The helical structure is maintained in several different lipid mimetics (sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl phosphocholine, lyso 1-palmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol, and phospholipid vesicles). Introduction of a mutation (S109E) to mimic PKA phosphorylation of ENSA leads to a perturbation of the fourth helix and disrupts the interaction with alpha-synuclein. These data establish ENSA as an intrinsically unstructured protein that adopts a stable structure upon membrane binding, properties it shares with its binding partner alpha-synuclein.
Looking into live cells with in-cell NMR spectroscopy

In-cell NMR spectroscopy has gained recent popularity since it provides means to analyze the conformational and functional properties of proteins inside living cells and at atomic resolution. High-resolution in-cell NMR spectroscopy was originally established in bacterial cells and based on a rationale that relies on protein over-expression and sample analysis within the same cellular environment. Here, we review in-cell NMR approaches in Xenopus laevis oocytes and evaluate potential future applications in other eukaryotic cell types.
An adipocentric view of signaling and intracellular trafficking

Adipocytes have traditionally been considered to be the primary site for whole body energy storage mainly in the form of triglycerides and fatty acids. This occurs through the ability of insulin to markedly stimulate both glucose uptake and lipogenesis. Conventional wisdom held that defects in fuel partitioning into adipocytes either because of increased adipose tissue mass and/or increased lipolysis and circulating free fatty acids resulted in dyslipidemia, obesity, insulin resistance and perhaps diabetes. However, it has become increasingly apparent that loss of adipose tissue (lipodystrophies) in both animal models and humans also leads to metabolic disorders that result in severe states of insulin resistance and potential diabetes. These apparently opposite functions can be resolved by the establishment of adipocytes not only as a fuel storage depot but also as a critical endocrine organ that secretes a variety of signaling molecules into the circulation. Although the molecular function of these adipocyte-derived signals are poorly understood, they play a central role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis by regulating insulin secretion, insulin action, glucose and lipid metabolism, energy balance, host defense and reproduction. The diversity of these secretory factors include enzymes (lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipsin), growth factors [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6) and several other hormones involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism (leptin, Acrp30, resistin and acylation stimulation protein). Despite the large number of molecules secreted by adipocytes, our understanding of the pathways and mechanisms controlling intracellular trafficking and exocytosis in adipocytes is poorly understood. In this article, we will review the current knowledge of the trafficking and secretion processes that take place in adipocytes, focusing our attention on two of the best characterized adipokine molecules (leptin and adiponectin) and on one of the most intensively studied regulated membrane proteins, the GLUT4 glucose transporter. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic permanently confined micelle arrays for treating hydrophobic organic compound contamination.

Magnetic permanently confined micelle arrays (Mag-PCMAs) have been successfully synthesized as sorbents for hydrophobic organic compound (HOC) removal from contaminated media. The synthesis of Mag-PCMAs involves coating a silica/surfactant mesostructured hybrid layer on the negatively charged Fe3O4 microparticles to create a core/shell structure. The surfactant, 3-(trimethoxysily)propyl-octadecyldimethyl-ammonium chloride (TPODAC), has a reactive endgroup -Si(OCH3)3 on its hydrophilic groups, which allows the surfactant micelles to permanently anchor on the silica framework through covalent bonding. This unique structural property avoids surfactant loss during application and allows for sorbent regeneration. The isotherms and kinetics of four representative HOCs (atrazine, diuron, naphthalene, and biphenyl) onto Mag-PCMAs were determined, and the regeneration and reusability of Mag-PCMAs for diuron removal was also investigated. As a proof of principle for application of Mag-PCMAs for soil-washing, the us...
Regulation of the employment relationship: The `old' institutional perspective

Abstract This review article examines the rationale developed by the `old' institutional economists, particularly John R. Commons and associates of the `Wisconsin School,' for the regulation of the employment relationship. Factors emphasized by the old institutionalists include the promotion of noneconomic social goals, the deleterious effects of unrestrained self-interest and competition, the highly imperfect nature of labor markets, the skewed distribution of property rights, and labor's inequality of bargaining power. The paper then describes the policy strategy and regulatory program advocated by the old institutionalists to improve the efficiency and equity of the market system. Implications of the old institutional perspective for current debates over the extent and form of employment regulation are then assessed.
Preoperative Frailty Independently Increases Risk of Unplanned Readmission and Associated Complications after Peripheral Vascular Interventions

Risk of readmission and postoperative complications after peripheral vascular interventions across increasing tertiles of preoperative frailty (mFI). Multivariate regression: Odds ratios (OR) for occurrence of the specified postoperative complication with increasing degree of frailty as a linear variable. Unplanned readmission: OR 1.14; [95% CI: 1.1-1.23]; p1⁄40.001. Infectious complication: OR 1.25; [95% CI: 1.1-1.3]; p<0.001. Graft failure: OR 1.34; [95% CI: 1.1-1.6]; p1⁄40.001. Venous thromboembolism: OR 1.4; [95% CI: 1.1-1.8]; p1⁄40.02. S162 Surgical Forum Abstracts J Am Coll Surg
Selection in Exercise, Sport and Leisure

Abstract This paper discusses techniques for selection of library materials in the subjects of exercise, sport and leisure. Details are shared about utilizing standard review sources, locating subject-specific publishers, searching indexes and abstracts as sources of reviews, and tapping into the work of professional organizations.
Twin-earth externalism and concept possession

It is widely believed that Twin-Earth-style thought experiments show that the contents of a person's thoughts fail to supervene on her intrinsic properties. Several recent philosophers have made the further claim that Twin-Earth-style thought experiments produce metaphysically necessary conditions for the possession of certain concepts. I argue that the latter view is false, and produce counterexamples to several proposed conditions. My thesis is of particular interest because it undermines some attempts to show that externalism is incompatible with privileged access.
Superoxide removal and radiation protection in bacteria.

Previous work with procaryotic cells has identified one kind of lethal damage from ionizing radiation which occurs only within a specific range of low O2 concentrations, about 10(-6) to 10(-4) M. Within this range, protection can occur in three ways: through the enzymatic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by added catalase, through the enzymatic degradation of superoxide anion radicals (.O2-) by added superoxide dismutase (SOD), and through scavenging hydroxyl radicals (.OH) by various additives. These results indicate that three radiolytic products, H2O2, .OH, and .O2- (and/or the conjugate acid, the perhydroxyl radical, .HO2) are involved in this single kind of radiation-induced damage. Although the radiolytic productions of H2O2 and .O2- are strongly enhanced in higher O2 concentrations, neither enzyme protects when these air-equilibrated bacteria are irradiated. These experiments address this apparent contradiction and focus on the specific issue of why the addition of SOD protects at low but not at high O2 concentrations. We propose that, at a given O2 concentration, .O2- (and/or .HO2) may either react (with some cellular component?) to cause damage or react (with itself) to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The specific O2 concentration during irradiation would determine the relative rates of these competing reactions and therefore the O2 concentration itself would establish whether or not we will observe damage from .O2-.
Strangeness exchange reactions with the recoil corrected continuum shell model

Abstract The procedure for calculating strangeness exchange cross sections in the recoil corrected continuum shell model formalism is developed. Cross sections are compared with existing 12 Λ C, 16 Λ O and 40 Λ Ca data and agreement is good. The calculated 16 Λ O, 4° spectrum demonstrated the ability of the RCCSM to calculated bound states, resonances, and quasi-free scattering in one formalism. A search for collective states was performed. After proper removal of center-of-mass excitations, no substantial collectivity was found. A survey of stretched excitations was performed. The 16 Λ O(3 + ) and 28 Λ Si(5 + ) states were found to be narrow and contain more than 85% of the 1p Λ 1h n strength. They are therefore, good candidates for initial (γ, K + ) studies. In contrast, only 50% of the 1p Λ 1h n strength for 12 Λ C(3 + ) will be observed in one state, with the remaining strength spread over several MeV with weak structure.