cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are We There Yet? A Content Analysis of Ability Integrated Advertising on Prime-time TV

After more than a decade with no quantitative update on the progress of advertising's integration of disabled characters this study found 29 out of 1,671 prime-time commercials analyzed included images of disability. Although the raw number is only 1.7% of the total sample it represents a 200% increase over 1999 totals. The portrayals were much more likely to be major characters than background roles and the disability depicted in the commercials tended to be from a more diverse set of conditions than it was in the late 1980s. Based on an approximately equal sample of television programming the ability-integrated advertising (AI advertising) appeared more frequently on cable channels (52%) than network channels (39%). Keywords: ability-integrated advertising, content analysis, disability and advertising, SADP
Urinary estriol excretion and hemoglobinopathies of pregnancy.

Investigation supported in part by United States Public Health Service, General Research Support Grant No. FR-5367. SERIAL DETERMINATION of maternal urinary estriol excretion is a useful adjunct for monitoring fetal well-being in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, toxemia, postmaturity, and anemia. 334 The purpose of this report is to point out the potential usefulness of serial estriol values in evaluating the fetus in pregnancies complicated by hemoglobinopathies. Urinary estriol was assayed by a gas chromatographic method.6 Four patients with hemoglobinopathies were followed through the course of five pregnancies with serial estriol determinations. Three of the patients had sickle cell disease; the fourth had sickle cell thalassemia. Table I lists the estriol values at diierent stages of gestation, the hemoglobin concentration and the hematocrit, the fetal outcome, and the placental:fetaI weight ratio. Fig. 1 shows a graphic presentation of the estriol values superimposed on the normal curve. The graph shows all the values except two to be definitely below the limits of normal. Only one of these patients delivered a stillborn infant? and this occurred prior to this study. However. all the newborn infants did show evidence of intrauterine retardation. Maternal anemia is known to increase the risk of prematurity and stillbirths. Low maternal estriol excretion was reported by Beischer and associates2 among 25
Distance and Alterity in Manual para Amantes Desesperados

Abstract. Post-independence Angolan poetry has continued in many ways the socially oriented thematic of pre-1975 works from authors such as Agostinho Neto, Alda Lara, and Antonio Jacinto. The tendency is to see either an “epic,” or sociopolitical framework, or a “constructive,” or socially oriented framework within an intimate poetic matrix (Mata 96). As such, a truly intimate poetic which also conveys a social orientation (but without the social epistemology of the former) seems in need of further study. Ana Paula Tavares is one of the most recognized and celebrated female poets of the post-independence period in Angola. Currently living in Lisbon, she has produced much of her poetry in the past several years as a resident of Portugal. Her poetic voice builds upon a focal point of a feminine dialogic contextualized through the reinsertion of Angolan oral tradition, anti-hegemonic discourse, the mystical, and the authority of social and intimate memory. In one of her more recent works, Manual para Amantes Desesperados (2007), the female poetic voice finds an attempt to consolidate the notion of self based on the connections between the intimacy of physical love and the transcendence of fluid spatial and temporal relationships which the geographical separation from one’s home implies. The poetic voice in the work utilizes a variety of natural images related to the southern region of Angola (such as the desert, and various plant and animal species) intertwined with descriptions of the experience of ephemeral love to enhance the links between the internal process of discovery and the external social spaces which activate memory, set as a whole upon a timeless narrative imaginary. This approximation to the mystical while simultaneously maintaining a distance from the essentialism common in a mystical discourse provides the reader with a nuanced re-evaluation of the post-colonial Angolan poetic voice, and particularly, that of the poet from afar.
Loss due to missing data in efficiency of a locally optimal test for homogeneity with respect to very rare events.

Abstract With reference to observations of supernovae in galaxies, a locally optimal test for the hypothesis of homogeneity of the observational units with respect to occurrence of supernovae (treated as a very rare event) is obtained for the case where the data are available only for those galaxies where at least one supernova is observed. It is shown that the loss in the asymptotic efficiency of the test due to lack of reporting of galaxies with no supernovae is very heavy and in fact is infinite for the case of very rare events.
Natural regulatory T cells and self-tolerance.

The adaptive immune system allows individual organisms to mount defensive reactions against unanticipated pathogens by developmentally creating a diverse repertoire of clonally distributed receptors capable of recognizing a multitude of antigens and then expanding as effector cell populations those that can recognize molecules from the pathogens. To function properly, the system must deal with the problem of randomly generated receptors that can recognize self components. Most solutions to this self-tolerance problem are cell intrinsic and involve the deletion or inactivation of autoreactive cells. However, an extrinsic form of dominant tolerance has been demonstrated that takes the form of CD4+ regulatory T cells. This perspective discusses why such a mechanism might have evolved and the problems it presents for self–non-self discrimination.
Computational Study of Ferrocene-Based Molecular Frameworks with 2,5-Diethynylpyridine as a Chemical Bridge

A computational study was carried out to examine the electronic and optical properties of the experimentally proposed ferrocene-based molecular diode that used 2,5-diethynylpyridine as a bridging unit. Density functional theory, time-dependent density functional theory, and constrained density functional theory were applied to investigate various aspects of the underlying electron transfer mechanism. The results not only advance our understanding of the experimental observations, but also demonstrate the usefulness of computational approaches for the design of new electronic materials.
The effect of opiates and opiate antagonists on heat latency response in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum.

Abstract The effects of the opiates morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G), the μ opioid receptor specific antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Om-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), and the general opiate antagonist naloxone on the latency of response to thermal stimulation were determined in the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum. Thermal detection and avoidance behaviors of the worms were evaluated with a tail flick analgesia meter using a modification of a technique employed for nociception experiments in rodents. Morphine and M6G were shown to have a dose dependent analgesic effect on A. suum's latency of response to heat with morphine being the most potent. The analgesic effect of morphine was reversed by naloxone but not CTOP. Neither naloxone nor CTOP was able to block the analgesia of M6G. CTOP but not naloxone had significant analgesic effects on its own. These findings are generally consistent with previous results on the effects of opiates and nitric oxide release from A. suum tissue. Apparently these nematodes possess opioid receptors that effect nociception.
Orderings on graphs and game coloring number

Many graph theoretic algorithms rely on an initial ordering of the vertices of the graph which has some special properties. We discuss new ways to measure the quality of such orders, give methods for constructing high quality orders, and provide applications for these orders. While our main motivation is the study of game chromatic number, there have been other applications of these ideas and we expect there will be more.
A Pilot Study Examining the Longer Term Stability of the Scientist-Practitioner Model of Training

This study adds to the growing body of research on scientist and practitioner interests by empirically examining temporal stability as a function of experiences gained through the successful completion of a doctoral-level scientist-practitioner model-based training program in school or counseling psychology. Twenty-six participants, who completed the paper- and-pencil version of the Scientist Practitioner Inventory between 1996 and 2002 at the beginning of their doctoral program, recently completed an online version of the same inventory to measure their preinterest and postinterest in scientist and practitioner domains. At the pretesting and posttesting stages, school and counseling psychology students differed significantly in terms of practitioner interests. For the combined groups, pretesting and posttesting revealed a significant decrease for the scientist domain but not for the practitioner domain. No significant change occurred between preinterests and postinterests for individuals in the scientist...
Liposome uptake by melanoma: in vitro comparison with hepatocytes.

Liposomes are artificially generated vesicles entrapping aqueous solutions within lipid bilayer membranes. A major potential use of liposomes is for the delivery of antineoplastic agents to malignant tissue. However, liposome-cell interactions with both normal and neoplastic cells must be characterized in vitro to identify neoplastic tissues for which this approach may be most applicable in vivo. In this study, mouse melanoma-liposome interactions were examined in vitro. Small, unilamellar vesicle liposomes of three different phospholipid-cholesterol compositions were synthesized incorporating an aqueous phase fluorescent marker. Mouse melanoma had a significantly greater affinity for phosphotidylcholine-cholesterol liposomes than did mouse hepatocytes, as determined by comparing quantities of free intracellular 6-carboxyfluorescein in cells after a 15-min incubation with each of the three different liposome preparations (P < 0.001). In addition, the efficiency of liposome internalization, calculated as the percentage of total cell-associated 6-carboxyfluorescein present as free, intracellular 6-carboxyfluorescein, was significantly greater for melanoma than for hepatocytes with all three liposome preparations (P < 0.05). Therefore, in vitro liposome uptake by melanoma depends on lipid characteristics of the liposome preparation. Because melanoma uptake of liposomes appears to be a very efficient process in vitro, liposomes may be a useful vesicle for delivery of antineoplastic agents to melanoma in vivo.
A System-Level Component Mode Approach for Flexible Multibody Dynamic Simulation*

ABSTRACT Computationally efficient, high fidelity flexible multibody dynamic simulation requires that a flexible body model be of low dimension, yet account for effects of interest. Model reduction methods are reviewed, and a new type of component: mode, called a system-level component mode, is extracted from results of analysis of the entire system. A system-level component mode is decomposed into two parts: deformation of the component and rigid-body motion. It is shown that the latter degrades simulation accuracy. Extraction of rigid-body modes from the system-level component modes is carried out by maximizing strain energy for unit displacement norm. Dependency, or near dependency, in the resulting set of deformation modes is identified and removed using a method based on singular value decomposition. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Dynamic Strength Estimates for a High-Strength Experimental Steel

For several years, the Air Force has been engaged in the development of high velocity air to surface missiles. The objective is to replace larger, high mass weapons with smaller, more versatile projectiles that can achieve the same goals. The reduction of mass requires that the impact velocity be increased to meet the performance requirements. This has presented researchers with several challenges. First, the steel must be such that it survives the initial shock at impact. Second, because the tunnel is long, the material must resist friction and wear, which could erode the projectile nose, thereby degrading performance. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of dynamic testing of an experimental, high-strength steel. Using a one-dimensional model for the Taylor cylinder test, the constitutive behavior of the steel as a function of strain and strain-rate can be assessed through a strain-rate of roughly 105 /second. This behavior is consistent with that required for successful modeling of the response of a penetrator casing in the ultra-ordinance velocity range.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A New Jamaican species of lisianthius (Gentianaceae)

Lisianthius adamsii, from the central and western parishes of Jamaica, is described as new. It is remarkable in having coriaceous leaves and ventricose corollas.
Survival and non-sorting of nodal cells following dissociation and reaggregation of definitive streak chick embryos

Abstract Tritiated thymidine-labeled nodal areas were mixed as cell suspensions with unlabeled non-nodal regions of the pellucid areas so that they constituted 8.5–26% of the cell population. The object was to ascertain whether there was any disproportionate mortality of nodal cells following this treatment. The data reveal that the number of labeled cells in the unaggregated material (mostly moribund cells) and in the aggregates are both proportionate to the number in the initial mixtures, i.e., that there is no preferential mortality of nodal cells and that nodal cells are present in the aggregates. There is no indication of sorting out of the labeled nodal cells during the time involved in this study even though such nodal cells, when present as a majority in a mixture, evince a qualitatively different behavior when compared with agreggates of non-nodal cells. The evidence suggests that this early phase of differentiation occurs before the development of the mechanism responsible for the usual sorting out of cells in mixed aggregates. Three-day limb bud mesenchyme cells in equivalent proportions do sort out within the time interval studied when mixed heterotypically with pellucid area cells from DPS embryos.
CSF α‐MSH in dementia of the Alzheimer type

We measured CSF α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity (α-MSH-LI) in 35 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and in 27 healthy control subjects. Mean α-MSH-LI concentration was significantly decreased in DAT patients as compared with age-matched controls. However, when the DAT patients were analyzed according to age at onset of dementia or presence of extrapyramidal signs, α-MSH-LI concentrations remained significantly lower than in controls only in DAT patients with late onset of dementia (>65 years of age). No correlation was found between α-MSH levels and degree of mental impairment. A significant negative correlation was found between CSF concentrations of α-MSH and homovanillic acid in the group of all DAT patients ( p
Recent developments in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

AbstractPurpose of reviewCurrently, patients suffering from diseased and injured organs are treated with transplanted organs or cells. There is, however, a severe shortage of donor tissues and organs that is worsening yearly given the aging population. This paper reviews recent advances that have oc
Work Related Abstracts

Work Related Abstracts. 1973— . M. $360.00 (1982). Information Coordinators, Inc., 1435–37 Randolph Street, Detroit, MI 48226. ISSN 0273–3234. LC 82–641246. OCLC 2486546. [Previous titles: Labor‐Personnel Abstracts, (1950–58); Employment Relations Abstracts (1959–72).] The maturing of administrative science as a discipline has accelerated so rapidly over the past three decades that control of the literature in this field has become at least as difficult as preparing an exhaustive bibliography on Hamlet. Not only has there grown up a substantial body of theoretical and applied knowledge focusing on the more specific concerns of the workplace, but the attention of scholars, researchers, and practitioners in numerous other fields has turned more and more often to the problems of employers, employees, and their organizational settings for illumination or illustration. Thus the literature of administrative and management science has been augmented by, and is of growing significance to, an audience that include...
Effects of Group Membership on Perception of Risk for Aids

The role of social identity as a moderator for perception of risk for AIDS has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine perception of risk for AIDS as a function of membership in an identified risk group. 34 subjects who were homosexual, 58 intravenous drug users (IV), and 34 college students rated a 21-item list of behaviors for perception of AIDS risk. The findings indicate that the IV drug-use group significantly underestimated five risk behaviors, four of which are high probability behaviors of IV drug-users and two of which are exclusively IV drug-use behaviors. The homosexual group significantly underestimated four risk behaviors, all of which are primarily characteristic of that group. The college group was generally more accurate in assessing risk than either of the other two groups. These findings support the hypothesis that membership in a perceived risk group is related to differential perceptual bias associated with the need for positive social identity for one's group.
Agricultural Development: The Key Link in China's Four Modernizations Program

Mao Tse-tung, the source of legitimacy for the radical leaders of the left-wing of the Chinese Communist Party, died in September of 1976. The radical left-wing leaders were arrested and removed from their positions of power within the month following Mao's death and a new, post-Mao leadership coalition under the control of the right wing slowly emerged during the course of 1977. Thus, in early 1978, Chairman Hua Kuo-feng's "Report on the Work of The Government," delivered to the National People's Congress, announced that the solution of China's economic problems would now take precedence over the ideological objectives of Mao's social and political revolution (Hua, 1978). To solve those problems, the National People's Congress adopted the Ten-Year Plan (1976-1985) for the Development of the National Economy, which Hua had summarized in his report. Utilizing themes originally put forth by Chou En-lai in the early 1970s, this Ten-Year Plan was to be the first stage in achieving the modernization of China's agriculture, industry, defense, and science and technology-the four modernizations-by the end of the twentieth century. Ever since Hua's speech which announced the plan for achieving the Four Modernizations, Chinese leaders and press reports have emphasized continuously that "agriculture is the foundation of the national economy," and that "the development of agriculture at a high speed is the most important guarantee of success in modernization" (FBIS, 25 Oct. 1979). Furthermore, in the post-Mao spirit of respect for the facts, it is admitted that "China has difficulties in feeding the urban population and in ensuring a rational development of industries using farm products as raw materials" (FBIS, 6 Mar. 1979). According to a Renmin Ribao (6 Mar. 1979) editorial, "modernization will quite simply be out of the question if this state of affairs continues." Few Western
Specific formulation of Camellia sinensis prevents cold and flu symptoms and enhances gamma,delta T cell function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective Determine if a specific formulation of Camellia sinensis (CSF) can prevent illness and symptoms due to cold and flu, and enhance gammadelta T cell function Design Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Subjects Healthy adults 18-70 years old. Intervention Proprietary formulation of Camellia sinensis (green tea) capsules, or a placebo, twice a day, for 3 months. Measures of outcome As assessed by daily symptom logs, percentage of subjects experiencing cold and flu symptoms, number of days subjects experienced symptoms, and percentage of subjects seeking medical treatment. Mean in vivo and ex vivo proliferative and interferon gamma responses of subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells to gammadelta T cell antigen stimulation. Results Among subjects taking CSF there were 32.1% fewer subjects with symptoms (P = 0.035), 22.9% fewer overall illnesses of at least 2 days duration (P = 0.092), and 35.6% fewer symptom days (P Conclusions This proprietary formulation of CSF is a safe and effective dietary supplement for preventing cold and flu symptoms, and for enhancing gammadelta T cell function.
Encapsulation response of the marine prosobranch Cerithidea californica to natural infections of Renicola buchanani sporocysts (Trematoda: Renicolidae)

Abstract A hyalinocyte-mediated encapsulation reaction is elicited by sporocysts of Renicola buchanani infecting the anterior mantle region of Cerithidea californica. Three phases of capsule formation are recognized: (1) an initial aggregating of hyalinocytes around each sporocyst in which pseudopodia from encapsulating cells loosely interdigitate with the parasite's tegumental microvilli, (2) the infiltrating of numerous hyalinocytes to form a dense matrix of cells which lies in close contact with the sporocyst's tegument, and (3) the horizontal flattening of hyalinocytes against the sporocyst's surface to form a tightly adhering capsule four to eight cell layers deep. Sporocysts are not harmed as a consequence of encapsulation. Capsule formation in response to R. buchanani sporocysts is considered a type of leucocytic encapsulation, specifically designated hyalinocytic encapsulation.
The Iranian Budgets: 1964–1970

Prior to 1964 the Iranian budgets were only a simple record of the receipts and expenditures of the central government. Such conventional administrative budgets were the results of the reforms of A.D. 1911 (21 Safar 1329 A.H.D.) when a Comprehensive Financial Law for the country was legislated. This law was modeled on the existing laws of France. The French laws were in turn based on the philosophy of government as conceived by the classical economists. These economists thought of the governments as an organization which protected the right of the individual to pursue his best interest without trespassing on the rights of others. Also, they advocated government non-intervention and non participation in economic activities.
Spectroscopic analysis and the effects of color centers on the laser performance of Nd3+: CaZn2Y2Ge3O12

Abstract Spectroscopic and EPR investigations of Nd3+-doped CaZn2Y2Ge3O12 (CAZGAR) have been performed. The absorption, fluorescence, excitation spectra and fluorescence lifetime have been measured at room temperature. The Judd-Ofelt theory has been applied to the measured optical absorption intensities to predict the radiative decay rates, branching ratios, and peak stimulated emission cross section from the metastable 4F 3 2 state to the 4I 9 2 manifold. The fluorescence lifetime of the 4F 3 2 level of Nd3+ at low concentration in this host was measured to be 285 ± 10 μs, which is longer than that for Nd3+: YAG. Color centers located at zinc octahedral sites have been produced in these crystals by ultraviolet irradiation and have been detected by EPR techniques. The effects of the color centers on the potential laser characteristics of this materials are discussed.
Radionuclide brain imaging--its role and relation to CT scanning.

Abstract Separate CNS disease entities are discussed with either the complementary or exclusive indications for radionuclide brain imaging and computerized cranial tomography. Either modality alone has a potential overall precision somewhat in excess of 90° in the localization of cerebral lesions with the effectiveness of each modality differing according to the histology and anatomic location of the lesion. Most investigators agree that the combined application of the two procedures is far superior to their separate use. Routine dynamic isotope studies are essential and in addition, new radiopharmaceuticals and technological advances may improve the radionuclide evaluation of CNS disease. Areas discussed include: primary and secondary CNS neoplasms; acute cerebrovascular accidents: arteriovenous malformations; traumatic cerebrovascular disease: hydrocephalus and dementia; and intracranial inflammatory processes.
Anisotropic intrinsic photoluminescence in NaI

The intrinsic photoluminescence in NaI is observed to have an emission intensity that is direction dependent. The experimental results are explained by calculating the interference between the direct luminescence and that which has undergone internal reflection. The result is a two-parameter theory. The two parameters are the absorption coefficient, α, and the thickness of a nonluminescing “dead” surface layer, d. Typical values are α ~ 107 m−1 and 1.0 × 10−8 m ≤ d ≤ 3.0 × 10−8 m.
Did RNA editing in plant organellar genomes originate under natural selection or through genetic drift

The C↔U substitution types of RNA editing have been observed frequently in organellar genomes of land plants. Although various attempts have been made to explain why such a seemingly inefficient genetic mechanism would have evolved, no satisfactory explanation exists in our view. In this study, we examined editing patterns in chloroplast genomes of the hornwort Anthoceros formosae and the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris and in mitochondrial genomes of the angiosperms Arabidopsis thaliana, Beta vulgaris and Oryza sativa, to gain an understanding of the question of how RNA editing originated. We found that 1) most editing sites were distributed at the 2nd and 1st codon positions, 2) editing affected codons that resulted in larger hydrophobicity and molecular size changes much more frequently than those with little change involved, 3) editing uniformly increased protein hydrophobicity, 4) editing occurred more frequently in ancestrally T-rich sequences, which were more abundant in genes encoding membrane-bound proteins with many hydrophobic amino acids than in genes encoding soluble proteins, and 5) editing occurred most often in genes found to be under strong selective constraint. These analyses show that editing mostly affects functionally important and evolutionarily conserved codon positions, codons and genes encoding membrane-bound proteins. In particular, abundance of RNA editing in plant organellar genomes may be associated with disproportionately large percentages of genes in these two genomes that encode membrane-bound proteins, which are rich in hydrophobic amino acids and selectively constrained. These data support a hypothesis that natural selection imposed by protein functional constraints has contributed to selective fixation of certain editing sites and maintenance of the editing activity in plant organelles over a period of more than four hundred millions years. The retention of genes encoding RNA editing activity may be driven by forces that shape nucleotide composition equilibrium in two organellar genomes of these plants. Nevertheless, the causes of lineage-specific occurrence of a large portion of RNA editing sites remain to be determined. This article was reviewed by Michael Gray (nominated by Laurence Hurst), Kirsten Krause (nominated by Martin Lercher), and Jeffery Mower (nominated by David Ardell).
Exponential processes in human auditory excitation and adaptation

Peripheral auditory adaptation has been studied extensively in animal models, and multiple exponential components have been identified. This study explores the feasibility of estimating these component processes for human listeners with a peripheral model of adaptation. The processes were estimated from off-frequency masked detection data that probed temporal masking responses to a gated narrowband masker. The resulting response patterns reflected step-like onset and offset features with characteristically little evidence of confounding backward and forward masking. The model was implemented with linear combinations of exponential functions to represent the unadapted excitation response to gating the masker on and then off and the opposing effects of adaptation in each instance. The onset and offset of the temporal masking response were assumed to be approximately inverse operations and were modeled independently in this scheme. The unadapted excitation response at masker onset and the reversed excitation response at masker offset were each represented in the model by a single exponential function. The adaptation processes were modeled by three independent exponential functions, which were reversed at masker offset. Each adaptation component was subtractive and partially negated the unadapted excitation response to the dynamic masker. This scheme allowed for quantification of the response amplitude, action latency, and time constant for the unadapted excitation component and for each adaptation component. The results reveal that (1) the amplitudes of the unadapted excitation and reversed excitation components grow nonlinearly with masker level and mirror the 'compressive' input-output velocity response of the basilar membrane; (2) the time constants for the unadapted excitation and reversed excitation components are related inversely to masker intensity, which is compatible with neural synchrony increasing at masker onset (or offset) with increasing masker strength; (3) the composite strength of adaptation levels off at high masker levels; this 'saturation' response is consistent with a diminished contribution from peripheral neural adaptation processes at high sound levels; and (4) the response dynamics for two of the adaptation components correspond generally to those for the 'very rapid'/'rapid' processes and 'short-term' processes described in animal studies of peripheral neural adaptation. The action latency of a third adaptation component suggests the role of a second-order peripheral or central process. This modeling exercise (1) indicates that multiple adaptation processes, whatever their origins, contribute substantively to the form of the temporal masking response and (2) supports a sum-of-exponentials scheme for estimating properties of the component processes.
Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR) Franck-Condon factors for the O2 Schumann-Runge system including high vibrational quantum numbers

Abstract Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids for the O2 Schumann-Runge system have been calculated using the Rydberg-Klein-Rees approach. The range covers 21 vibrational levels for the upper ( B 3 Σ u − ) state and 24 for the lower ( X 3 Σ g − ) state. Results are in poor agreement with Franck-Condon factors derived from Morse potentials, but agree fairly well with those calculated by the Jarmain-Klein-Dunham method.
Central nervous system infections in transplantation

Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a rare but serious complication of transplantation. An appropriate diagnostic workup should be streamlined with stratification of infection risk by length and degree of immune suppression, lesion localization, and timing. Polymerase chain reaction has high sensitivity and specificity for rapid identification of viral infections and should be used when available. Early diagnosis is imperative, and biopsy should be pursued if a diagnosis is not readily obtained with noninvasive testing. Treatment is pathogen specific. Combination antifungal therapy should be considered for cerebral aspergillosis. Zygomycetes and related invasive fungi require surgical resection and high-dose antifungal therapy. Viral meningoencephalitis therapy should be continued until resolution of clinical signs and symptoms, and viral clearance is verified with repeat cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis requires ongoing maintenance therapy until clearance of viremia or antigenemia. Bacterial meningitis is uncommon in transplantation and should be treated with 21 days of antibiotics. CNS bacterial abscesses, including nocardiosis, should be surgically drained if feasible and treated until resolution of clinical and radiographic evidence of infection.
The effects of nicotine chewing gum on the sensitivity to muscle tension

It has been shown that smoking can alter the sensitivity to muscle activity in female smokers. The present study was designed to assess the effects of smoking cessation and nicotine replacement on sensitivity to muscle tension. Twenty-five women were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group was given nicotine chewing gum during the withdrawal period and a second group was given no nicotine replacement. Results showed a significant difference in sensitivity at post-test for subjects given nicotine gum compared to subjects receiving no nicotine replacement. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that nicotine alters sensitivity to muscle tension.
Access to Unsaturated Ruthenium Complexes via Phosphine Complexation with Triphenylborane: Synthesis and Structure of a Zwitterionic Arene Complex, (η6-Ph-BPh2H)Ru(PMe3)2(SiMe3)

Triphenylborane, BPh3, serves as a phosphine “sponge”, scavenging free PMe3 from alkane solutions of the 18e- complex (PMe3)4Ru(SiMe3)H to form sparingly soluble Ph3B−PMe3 and the 16e- (PMe3)3Ru(SiMe3)H. Under nitrogen atmosphere the 16e- (PMe3)3Ru(SiMe3)H forms a dimeric N2 adduct, [(PMe3)3Ru(SiMe3)H]2N2. Both the 16e- complex and its N2 adduct exist in equilibrium with the 18e- silene complex, (PMe3)3Ru(CH2SiMe2)H2. However, long reaction times in the presence of excess borane leads to removal of another phosphine ligand as Ph3B−PMe3 and formation of a new zwitterionic complex, (η6-PhBPh2H)Ru(PMe3)2(SiMe3) (5), in which a molecule of borane has abstracted a ruthenium hydride ligand and also coordinates as an η6-arene. The merits and limitations of BPh3 as a phosphine removal agent are discussed. Compound 5 has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis and exhibits unusually long Ru−Carene bonds.
Nuclear Applications of Neutron Radiography and Gaging

Applications of neutron radiography and gaging to nuclear components are discussed. Neutron-based examinations have the unique ability to discriminate between isotopes and to inspect radioactive materials. Applications of neutrons to radiography and gaging include neutron transmission, neutron scatter, neutron production, and measurement of radiation produced by neutron interactions.
The diameter and reflectance of Triton

The surface reflectance, radius and geometric albedo of Triton are investigated. Image tube spectra of the reflectance of the satellite between 3200 and 7400 A are presented which indicate that the surface is composed mainly of rocky (non-icy) material, with violet absorption suggesting a composition similar to that of lunar fines, terrestrial igneous rocks and chondrites. Photometric/radiometric calculations based on measurements of the 20-micron thermal flux and the known visual magnitude of Triton reveal an upper limit of 5280 km to its diameter, and a lower limit of 0.19 to its geometric albedo. Computations of Rayleigh scattering in a potential inert atmospheric component are also presented which appear to preclude the presence of large quantities of nitrogen and noble gases on Triton.
Quantitative trait loci that harbor genes regulating muscle size in (MRL/MPJ x SJL/J) F(2) mice.

The genetic mechanisms that determine muscle size have not been elucidated, even though it is a key musculoskeletal parameter that reflects muscle strength. In this study, we performed a high-density genome-wide scan using 633 (MRL/MPJ × SJL/J) F2 intercross 7-week-old mice to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in the determination of muscle size. Significant QTL were identified for muscle size and body length. Muscle size (adjusted by body length) QTL were identified on chromosomes 7, 9, 11, 14 (two QTL) and 17, which together explained 19.2% of phenotypic variance in F2 mice, while body length QTL were located on chromosome 2 (two QTL), 9, 11 and 17 which accounted for 28.3% of phenotypic variance in F2 mice. Three significant epistatic interactions between different QTL positions from muscle size and body length were identified (P <0.01) on chromosomes 2, 9, 14 and 17, which explained 16.1% of the variance in F2 mice.
The pH-Rate Profile for the Hydrolysis of a Peptide Bond

The rate of hydrolysis of N-(phenylacetyl)glycyl-d-valine (PAGV), an acyclic penicillin G analogue, at pH 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 14 has been measured at 37 °C and a pH-rate profile constructed. At each pH, hydrolysis of both the (phenylacetyl)glycyl amide bond and glycyl-d-valine peptide bond was monitored. At pH 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11, the hydrolysis products glycyl-d-valine and d-valine were derivatized with naphthalene-2,3-dialdehyde in the presence of cyanide; the resultant 1-cyano-2-substituted-benz[f]isoindole (CBI) derivatives, which are highly fluorescent, were then quantified using reverse-phase HPLC. The hydrolysis reactions were explicitly shown to be first-order in peptide concentration at pH 5 and 9, and all rates were shown to be independent of the buffer concentration. The rates at pH 0, 1, 13, and 14 were measured in 1 M DCl, 0.1 M DCl, 0.1 M NaOD, and 1 M NaOD, respectively, and the hydrolysis products were detected by 1H NMR. The first-order rate constants obtained from the above reac...
Cellulase production by Rhizobium

The production of cellulase byRhizobium species was studied.Rhizobium trifolii cellulase was induced by a variety of polysaccharides, including celluloses and hemicelluloses. Cellobiose and myo-inositol also allowed enzyme expression but mannitol prevented it at concentrations higher than 0.25%. Both soluble and insoluble plant root substances moderately stimulated cellulase production byRhizobium trifolii. Most substances tested did not induce the production of cellulases by the “slow-growing, cowpea type” rhizobia strain CIAT 79. Effective inducers were carboxymethylcellulose, gluconate and myo-inositol. Cellulase production was very low under all conditions tested. In most cases the enzyme activity was loosely bound to the capsular material. The enzyme in fast-growers is an 1,4-β-D-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase (endo-glucanase EC 3.2.1.4) with specificity for high molecular weight polysaccharides. There was no correlation between infectiveness ofRhizobium trifolii strains and cellulase production. One strain, which lacks the nodulation plasmid, produced cellulase at the same rate as its parental infective strain.
Lipid-Soluble Antioxidants: β-Carotene and α-Tocopherol Levels in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers

Free radical-induced damage is etiologically implicated in many chronic diseases including cancer. Epidemiologic data suggest an association between increased dietary intake of nutrients that are high in antioxidant vitamins and protection against the incidence of some human cancers. The purpose of this study was (a) to determine whether specific tissue antioxidants (beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol) and any differences in their levels were measurable in randomly selected human breast and gynecologic malignant neoplasms and nonneoplastic tissue samples obtained from the same patient and (b) to establish normal ranges of these two antioxidant levels in human female reproductive tract tissues. Tissue samples were excised immediately from surgical specimens and released by staff pathologists from a spectrum of human female cancers. Neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic tissues samples were obtained from the same patient. Normal reproductive tract tissue samples were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecologic conditions. Breast carcinoma and adjacent nonmalignant tissue specimens were obtained from women undergoing mastectomy. The concentrations of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. In the same patient, beta-carotene levels were significantly lower in the cervical (P < 0.01) and endometrial (P < 0.005) carcinoma tissues than the levels detectable in adjacent nonneoplastic sites. In contrast, beta-carotene levels were higher in the ovarian (P < 0.05), breast (P < 0.005), and vulva (P < 0.05) carcinoma tissues. The alpha-tocopherol concentrations were significantly higher in the cancer tissues of cervix (P < 0.01) and endometrium (P < 0.001) than those in adjacent noninvolved tissue sites. The tissue concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in malignant and adjacent normal sites in breast, ovary, and vulva were comparable. For the first time, the ranges for beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels in the normal female reproductive tract tissues were also established. The present findings of contrasting tissue levels of the antioxidants (beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol) in breast, cervix, endometrium, ovary, and vulva cancers and in nonneoplastic tissues of the same patient suggest an organ-specific and heterogenous distribution. These antioxidants appear to be essential nutritional requirements of the human female reproductive tract and breast and are implicated in the pathophysiology and carcinogenesis of these human organs. The findings require further study of the role of these antioxidant nutrients in epithelial cell proliferation, maturation, and differentiation.
Chinese Managers' Attitudes toward Advertising in China

Abstract With the advent of Deng Xiaoping's “market socialism” and the ambitious objectives set for the development of China's economy, the business environment has changed dramatically in China. As part of this change, advertising is being more heavily relied on as a business tool. This changed environment and the recent emergence of advertising in the country represents a unique opportunity to study the advertising process. This paper discusses the nature of the changes in the economic environment in China and investigates the attitudes and beliefs held by Chinese managers regarding various economic and social aspects of the use of advertising.
Public Sympathy for O.J. Simpson: The Roles of Race, Age, Gender, Income, and Education

ABSTRACT This paper examines those factors affecting public attitudes about the O. J. Simpson trial and the American criminal justice system. The separate and combined effects of these factors–which include race, age, gender, income, and education–were estimated using a logit model. It was found that blacks were more likely than whites to be sympathetic to Simpson and to believe he was innocent of the crimes he was charged with. Older individuals, males, those with higher incomes, and those with more education were less likely to be sympathetic to Simpson and more likely to think he was guilty. Finally, it was found that blacks were more likely than whites to perceive that the criminal justice system is biased against blacks.
CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cell selection of bone marrow grafts for autologous transplantation in pediatric patients.

Abstract CD34+-selection of hematopoietic grafts for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is frequently used to obtain a tumor-free graft. The majority of published experience is with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products; only scant information has been published on bone marrow (BM) grafts. We reviewed our experience using CD34+ selection of BM grafts in children undergoing autologous BM transplantation. After obtaining institutional approval, we performed a retrospective review of the medical records of patients who underwent autologous stem cell collection at St. Jude. From January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2003, 373 patients underwent autologous HSCT; 131 received marrow grafts, 237 received PBSC grafts, and 5 received a combination. Seventeen patients underwent BM harvests for CD34+ selection of their stem cell grafts. Sixteen patients received 19 CD34 purified grafts processed on the Isolex 300i Magnetic Cell Selection System® device. Four patients were not included in the engraftment analysis as 1 did not receive the collected product, 1 received a tandem product, and 2 received products that were composed of 2 or 3 combined purified products. Following selection, marrow grafts contained a median of 1.4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg (range: 0.09-8.3 × 106/kg) and a median of 0.014 ×108 total nucleated cell cells/kg (range: 0.001-0.09 × 108/kg). The median CD34% recovery was 30.9% (range: 9.3%-57.1%), with the median CD34 purity being 95.5% (range: 62.2%-98.8%). All patients engrafted. The median time to absolute neutrophil count ≥500/mm3 was 19 days (range: 12-35 days), and to platelet recovery was 28 days (range 18-37 days). No patient died from transplant-related complications. Our study demonstrates that CD34+-selection of marrow grafts is feasible, and these grafts are able to successfully reconstitute hematopoiesis in patients undergoing autologous BMT.
Anticancer Drug-Induced Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity in Prostate Cancer Cells Are Modulated by Organ-Specific Stromal Cell Factors.

INTRODUCTION. Most anticancer drugs kill tumor cells by inducing apoptotic cell death [1]. Enhancement of this apoptosis-inducing activity or overcoming tumor's resistance to apoptosis induction by anticancer drugs could bring a significant improvement in cancer therapy. Cytokines and tissue-specific factors mediate communication between tumor cells and surrounding stromal cells [2,3]. These agents are believed also to modulate tumor cells' response to anti-cancer drugs. This phenomenon is predominantly acute in metastatic prostate cancer, where most patients with metastatic disease survive less than 3 years. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of stromal cells (fibroblast and endothelial cells)-induced cytokines on the response of tumor cells to anticancer drugs.
Floating-point to integer mapping schemes in differential evolution for permutation flow shop scheduling

For over 50 years now, the famous problem of permutation flow shop scheduling has been attracting the attention of researchers in operations research, engineering and computer science. Over the past several years, there has been a spurt of interest in computational intelligence heuristics and metaheuristics for solving this problem – ranging from genetic algorithms to tabu search to complex hybrid techniques. Most recently, differential evolution, one of the newest members of the evolutionary algorithm family, has emerged as a popular technique for application to this problem. The main problem in applying differential evolution to the permutation flow shop is that differential evolution works on continuous, or real-valued, parameters (it is a continuous optimisation method), whereas the flow shop problem involves finding sequences or schedules of n jobs, expressed as permutations of n distinct objects (integers). A mapping, or encoding, of floating-point numbers to integer permutations is therefore necessary for differential evolution to be applied to this problem. This paper provides a review and evaluation of the best-known encoding schemes in the literature.