cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on "the interpreters"in LIN Shu's translations

The interpreters who helped LIN Shu in his translations are often neglected,actually they are the important participants in LIN Shu's translation activities.WANG Shou chang ,WEI Yi,CHEN Jia lin,ZENG Zong gong are all experts of western languages and good at literature.They had cooperated very well with LIN Shu,and made important contributions to his excellent translations.Of course,there are more "anonymous heroes"who helped in Lin's work,we should also record their contributions in the Chinese modern thanslation history.At the same time,they should also bear the responsibilities for the mistakes in Lin's translations.
Small-Size LTE/WWAN Two-Strip Monopole Exciter Antenna Integration With Metal Covers

A novel small-size LTE/WWAN two-strip monopole exciter antenna integration with metal covers for ultrabook computer applications is presented. The monopole exciter antenna is placed in the hinge slot between metal covers and hinges. By integrating the monopole exciter antenna with the metal covers and hinges, not only several modes of the monopole structure but those of the hinge slot are also excited to cover the desired eight-band LTE/WWAN operation (LTE700/GSM850/900 and GSM1800/ 1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 bands). The exciter antenna comprises a feeding strip and a folded strip to form a two-strip monopole structure. The proposed exciter antenna can be integrated with the surrounding metal planes (metal covers) to enhance the operating bandwidth to cover LTE/WWAN band with good radiation efficiency. The exciter antenna has a simple two-strip structure that is easy to be fabricated on a 0.8-mm thin FR4 substrate with a small area of only $25 \times 8$ mm2. Over the lower and upper bands, the antenna efficiencies are about 65%–88% and 55%–78%, respectively.
Actions of cholecystokinin and secretin on the motor activity of the small intestine in man.

Using an intraluminal pressure recording technique, we studied the actions of cholecystokinin and secretin on the motor activity of the upper small intestine in 24 healthy subjects. We showed that the “basal” motor activity of duodenum and jejunum was stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK). In doses of 1, 2, and 4 U per kg per hr, CCK stimulated the nonrhythmic type I waves. Secretin, on the other hand, inhibited the nonrhythmic type I and type III waves. The interactions of these two hormones showed that the CCK-stimulated upper intestinal motility was inhibited by secretin, and that the secretininhibited motility was stimulated by CCK. This study indicates that both CCK and secretin can play an important role on the autoregulation of intestinal motor function in man.
The impact of herbicide-resistant weeds on Kansas agriculture.

Herbicides are important components of weed management programs for most Kansas farm- ers. Monocropping systems and repeated use of the same or similar herbicides in some areas of the state have resulted in the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. The development of herbicide- resistant weed populations can have an immediate and a long-term effect on the cost, implementation, and effectiveness of weed control programs. In Kansas, resistance to triazine herbicides has been confirmed in kochia (Kochia scoparia), redroot pigweed, common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis), Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), and downy brome (Bromus tectorum) populations, and resis- tance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides has been confirmed in kochia, Russian thistle (Salsola kali), common waterhemp, Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), shattercane (Sorghum bicolor), and common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The frequency and dis- tribution of herbicide resistance varies among species. Producers who experience herbicide resistance problems adjust their weed control program accordingly. Producers that have not encountered an her- bicide resistance problem tend to continue with a successful herbicide program until it fails. The recommended management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations include an integrated system of crop rotation, rotation of herbicide modes of action, tank-mixes of herbicides with different modes of action, and cultivation. The greatest direct cost to the producer occurs during the first year of poor weed control. The first response to an herbicide failure often is to reapply the same herbicide that has worked well previously. By the time the producer realizes that the treatment is not going to work, it usually is too late for any other remedial action. Consequently, the farmer experiences reduced crop production from weed competition, high herbicide costs, and a tremendous increase in the seed bank. The increase in seed bank may cost the farmer the most in the long run because the increased weed pressure often requires an intensified control program for several years. Nomenclature: Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. #3 XANST; common sunflower, He- lianthus annuus L. # HELAN; common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer # AMATA; downy brome, Bromus tectorum L. # BROTE; kochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. # KCHSC; Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats. # AMAPA; shattercane, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench #
Positive and normative modeling for Palmer amaranth control and herbicide resistance management

BACKGROUND Dynamic optimization models are normative; they solve for what growers 'ought to do' to maximize some objective, such as long-run profits. While valuable for research, such models are difficult to solve computationally, limiting their applicability to grower resistance management education. While discussing properties of normative models in general, this study presents results of a specific positive model of herbicide resistance management, applied to Palmer amaranth control on a representative cotton farm. This positive model compares a proactive resistance management strategy to a reactive strategy with lower short-run costs, but greater risk of herbicide resistance developing. RESULTS The proactive strategy can pay for itself within 1-4 years, with a yield advantage of 4% or less if the yield advantage begins within 1-2 years of adoption. Whether the proactive strategy is preferable is sensitive to resistance onset and yield losses, but less sensitive to cotton prices or baseline yields. Industry rebates to encourage residual herbicide use (to delay resistance to post-emergence treatments) may be too small to alter grower behavior or they may be paid to growers who would have used residuals anyway. Rebates change grower behavior over a relatively narrow range of model parameters. The size of rebates needed to induce a grower to adopt the proactive strategy declines significantly if growers extend their planning horizon from 1 year to 3-4 years. CONCLUSIONS Whether proactive resistance management is more profitable than a reactive strategy is more sensitive to biological parameters than economic ones. Simulation results suggest growers with longer time horizons (perhaps younger ones) would be more responsive to rebate programs. More empirical work is needed to determine how much rebates increase residual use above what would occur without them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Introduction to the Stroke Compendium.

The field of cerebrovascular disease encompasses a broad range of disorders that range from ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic stroke to vascular cognitive impairment and the interactions between the heart and brain. Physicians, allied health professionals, and basic scientists from many different disciplines and backgrounds are interested in cerebrovascular disorders and contribute to the efforts to more fully understand the basic pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, improve patient care, and develop novel therapies that will reduce the burden of these ubiquitous medical conditions. In designing this compendium for the readers of Circulation Research , the primary focus was on ischemic stroke, but it also includes articles related to the interaction between the heart and the brain, as well as the increasingly important area of vascular cognitive impairment. An impressive array of contributors agreed to participate, and we are truly honored to have articles by acknowledged thought leaders for each of the 10 topics covered by the compendium. We do acknowledge that the important areas of primary intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage could not be discussed, but these topics should be considered for a future compendium. Regarding the ischemic stroke field, the global burden of ischemic stroke is covered by Dr Feigin,1 with updated information about the incidence …
Anti Anti Trust

Antitrust law is the law of the land, safely ensconced in our legal traditions. The present paper argues not for the reform of this policy, but for its complete elimination. We do so on economic and deontological grounds.
Developing as an agentive bilingual teacher: self-reflexive and student-learning inquiry as teacher education resources

As classrooms grow increasingly diverse internationally, teachers need support to teach diverse students. Bilingual teachers hold particular potential to provide culturally and linguistically respo...
Circulating Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer

A list of tumor markers evaluated in breast cancer patients is included as well as their relative value for a patient with metastatic breast cancer. Variations in the levels of circulating markers correlated well with disease course; however, the accuracy of these variations is not total.
The Utility of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Determining the Flexibility of Sagittal Imbalance

BACKGROUND Scoliosis X-rays are the gold standard for assessing preoperative lumbar lordosis; however, particularly for flexible lumbar deformities, it is difficult to predict from these images the extent of correction required, as standing radiographs cannot predict the thoracolumbar alignment after intraoperative positioning. OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of preoperative MRI in surgical planning for patients with flexible sagittal imbalance. METHODS We identified 138 patients with sagittal imbalance. Radiographic parameters including pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis were obtained from images preoperatively. RESULTS The mean difference was 2.9° between the lumbar lordosis measured on supine MRI as compared to the intraoperative X-rays, as opposed to 5.53° between standing X-rays and intraoperative X-ray. In patients with flexible deformities (n = 24), the lumbar lordosis on MRI measured a discrepancy of 3.08°, as compared to a discrepancy of 11.46° when measured with standing X-ray. CONCLUSION MRI adequately determined which sagittal deformities were flexible. Furthermore, with flexible sagittal deformities, lumbar lordosis measured on MRI more accurately predicted the intraoperative lumbar lordosis than that measured on standing X-ray. The ability to preoperatively predict intraoperative lumbar lordosis with positioning helps with surgical planning and patient counseling regarding expectations and risks of surgery.
Saving the Birds: Oliver L. Austin's Collaboration with Japanese Scientists in Revising Wildlife Policies in US-Occupied Japan, 1946-1950.

In postwar Tokyo, ornithologist Oliver L. Austin’s leadership of the Wildlife Branch of the Natural Resources Section (NRS) for the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) serves as an intriguing lens into the reconstruction of Japanese conservation activities. His experiences as a scientist working on wildlife policies in US-occupied Korea (1945–1946) and Japan (1946–1949) illuminate the war's impact on individuals and their environment. Austin collaborated closely with elite Japanese colleagues, despite their ruined laboratories, burnt collections, inadequate shelter, and despair. Science and conservation provided a common language for intimate connections. Why did these collaborations fail in Korea, but succeed in Japan? How did postwar political realities shape scientific research, conservation, and environmental policies? I propose that what anthropologist and occupation official John W. Bennett calls “colleagueship” (citing sociologist Everett Hughes), or “the establishing of intellectual links across political and cultural boundaries in the modern world,” offers a useful model for understanding the revival of these oftentimes trans-war relationships.
Management of pathologic node-positive disease following initial surgery for clinical T1-2 N0 esophageal cancer: patterns of care and outcomes from the national cancer data base

AbstractPurpose: Although clinical T1-2N0 esophageal cancer (EC) is often initially surgically resected (without neoadjuvant therapy), several studies have illustrated substantial rates of discovering pathologically node-positive disease. This study evaluated national practice patterns of adjuvant therapy for this population.Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried (2004–2013) for patients with cT1-2N0M0 EC that received up-front surgery (esophagectomy/local techniques) with subsequent discovery of nodal metastasis. Patients receiving any neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression determined factors predictive of receiving adjuvant therapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis evaluated overall survival (OS), and Cox proportional hazards modeling determined variables associated with OS. Propensity score matching assessed groups in a balanced manner while reducing indication biases.Results: Altogether, 715 patients met inclusion criteria; 114 (16%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy...
Automatically Inferring Data Quality for Spatiotemporal Forecasting

The importance of learning from spatiotemporal data has been growing with increasing amounts of data sources distributed over space. While numerous studies have been done for analyzing spatiotemporal signals, existing models have assumed that heterogeneous data sources in the spatial domain are equally reliable over time. In this paper, we propose a novel method that estimates time-varying data quality levels based on local variations of spatiotemporal signals without explicit labels that designate data quality. Furthermore, we integrate our estimate of data quality level with graph convolutional networks to exploit their efficient structure, because spatially distributed data sources form natural graphs. Finally, we evaluate the proposed method by simulating a forecasting task with real-world climate data.
Various Control Philosophies for AP Systems

In AP systems, the control algorithm is responsible for calculating the best estimate of basal and bolus insulin and/or glucagon dose based on the patient’s glucose concentration estimates and physiological properties, to reach the target glucose range. Various types of control algorithms that have been investigated for AP systems with simulations and clinical experiments over the last three decades are presented. Mathematical details are given for each type of control algorithm and their advantages and limitations are discussed.
Turner Syndrome: Diagnostic and Management Considerations for Perinatal Clinicians

The perinatal clinician needs to understand certain essential concepts when encountering an infant with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Turner syndrome. This article describes the key clinical features that should prompt testing, the appropriate diagnostic workup, the necessary screening required after diagnosis, and how to best approach family counseling.
Orthoptics and Ocular Motility: The Next Fifty Years

The next fifty years of orthoptics and ocular motility are likely to be exciting ones directed toward new discoveries in the etiology, heredity and treatment of strabismus. It is predicted that emp...
Synthetic Biology Enables Photosynthetic Production of Limonene from CO2 and H2O

The physical and chemical properties of limonene, a C10 isoprenoid with applications in green solvents, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and food flavorings An overview of efforts to genetically engineer cyanobacteria to synthesize limonene Perspectives on developing integrated systems to produce limonene at the industrial-scale
Realistic simulation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex circuit: roles of circuit elements in producing motor output.

Lieb, J. R., Jr. and W. N. Frost. Realistic simulation of the Aplysia siphon-withdrawal reflex circuit: roles of circuit elements in producing motor output. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1249–1268, 1997. Th...
A modular bottom-up approach for constructing physical input–output tables (PIOTs) based on process engineering models

Physical input–output tables (PIOTs) were first conceptualized in the 1990s but have not been widely adopted. However, with the increased emphasis on building a circular economy and understanding the resource nexus, PIOTs will become critical for optimizing resource flows and restructuring economies to close material loops. This necessitates a focus on improved methodologies for PIOT development to allow wider adoption. In this work, we propose and demonstrate a modular bottom-up approach for constructing PIOTs from process engineering models. The method was tested on a PIOT for nitrogen with a subset of sectors in Illinois (USA) and compared with a nitrogen PIOT developed earlier for the same time period, finding equal or higher confidence in sector balances. While the method has high initial costs, its suitability for automation enables it to allow the fast creation of PIOTs where technical coefficient matrices reflect underlying physical processes and relationships within and between sectors, thus capturing accurately the physical structure of the economy. We also demonstrate how the method can be extended for the creation of regional input coefficient matrices. While not implemented here, the method can potentially be used for the creation of hybrid IO tables, trend analysis through time series and combined with non-survey methods to fill data gaps. This will allow combining the strengths of complementary methodologies for constructing PIOTs and standardization of methods for better reliability.
Correction to: On the Quasi-Linear Elliptic PDE $${-\nabla\cdot({\nabla}{u}/ \sqrt{1-|{\nabla}{u}|^2}) = 4\pi\sum_k a_k \delta_{s_k}}$$ - ∇ · ( ∇ u / 1 - | ∇ u | 2 ) = 4 π ∑ k a k δ s k in Physics and Geometry

Denis Bonheure kindly informed me that [1], section 2.6 (“The minimizer of F weakly 4 satisfies the Euler–Lagrange equation”), contains a logical gap on p. 516 where I wrote:
Abstract 015: Reduced Placental Expression of Regulator of G Protein Signaling-2 (RGS2) in Preeclampsia: Association, Consequence, and Cause

To date, the early-gestational mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PreE) remain largely unclear. However, altered G protein signaling has been implicated in PreE, including alterat...
English political prophecy and the problem of modernity

This essay engages the methodological problem of medieval/modern periodization through study of political prophecy, a literary genre in which distant and recent historical experience mixes with imagined futures. To the question ‘Was English political prophecy medieval or modern?’ no answer can be given. The written tradition of political prophecy straddles the centuries now designated as medieval and modern. Public and governmental interest in prophecy peaked in the first half of the sixteenth century, the period of English literary history served most poorly by the medieval/modern periodization. The first section of the essay summarizes the generic, linguistic, codicological, political, and social dimensions of English political prophecy. The second section identifies points of contact between the field of political prophecy and the problem of modernity.
Miracles, misconceptions and scotomas in the theory of solitary waves

In an age of billion dollar particle accelerators and Mars rovers, it is surprising that solitary waves were first discovered by a man on horseback with no tools but his own eyes. A century and a h...
Nanomaterials for design and fabrication of superhydrophobic polymer coating

Abstract A superhydrophobic coating is a nanoscopic surface layer which may greatly repel water. Recently, remarkable attention has been devoted to the fabrication of coatings with super water-repellent characteristics. Superhydrophobic coating has been fabricated using different materials and nanomaterials including nanocomposite. The most successfully employed material for the fabrication of highly hydrophobic surfaces is polymeric nanocomposite. Among nanocomposite, polymer/nanocarbon nanocomposite (based on fullerene, nanodiamond, graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon black, etc.), polymer/inorganic nanoparticle nanocomposite, and polymer/hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticle nanocomposite have found success. This chapter is basically dedicated to design and performance of superhydrophobic nanocomposite systems found in literature. Various strategies have been used for the production of superhydrophobic coatings. Fabrication of simple and cost-effective superhydrophobic coatings has been carried out using range of techniques such as chemical vapor deposition, plasma deposition, vacuum-based method, spin coating, sputtering, etching, lithography, photolithography, solution coating, melt coating, blading, etc. Most demanding and challenging stage is controlled deposition of nanocomposite coating with defined thickness, arrangement, topography, and surface roughness on substrate. It has been found that the surface properties, wettability, and key coating parameters of superhydrophobic surfaces may be governed by adjusting nanoparticle size and dispersion. Superhydrophobic coatings have been industrially used in ultradry surface applications. Engineered superhydrophobic coatings have found potential in textiles, medical equipment, electronics, and other technical applications.
The Impact of Negative Life Events (NLEs) on Spirituality: a Qualitative Study on the Perspectives of Nigerian Catholic Women Religious in the United States

Limited studies exist about how negative life events (NLEs) influence spirituality, particularly that of the Nigerian Catholic sisters living in the United States. Twenty sisters were interviewed. ...
Evolution of the nonsense-mediated decay pathway is associated with decreased cytolytic immune infiltration.

The somatic co-evolution of tumors and the cellular immune responses that combat them drives the diversity of immune-tumor interactions. This includes tumor mutations that generate neo-antigenic epitopes that elicit cytotoxic T-cell activity and subsequent pressure to select for genetic loss of antigen presentation. Most studies have focused on how tumor missense mutations can drive tumor immunity, but frameshift mutations have the potential to create far greater antigenic diversity. However, expression of this antigenic diversity is potentially regulated by Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) and NMD has been shown to be of variable efficiency in cancers. Here we studied how mutational changes influence global NMD and cytolytic immune responses. Using TCGA datasets, we derived novel patient-level metrics of ‘NMD burden’ and interrogated how different mutation and most importantly NMD burdens influence cytolytic activity using machine learning models and survival outcomes. We find that NMD is a significant and independent predictor of immune cytolytic activity. Different indications exhibited varying dependence on NMD and mutation burden features. We also observed significant co-alteration of genes in the NMD pathway, with a global increase in NMD efficiency in patients with NMD co-alterations. Finally, NMD burden also stratified patient survival in multivariate regression models in subset of cancer types. Our work suggests that beyond selecting for mutations that elicit NMD in tumor suppressors, tumor evolution may react to the selective pressure generated by inflammation to globally enhance NMD through coordinated amplification and/or mutation.
Poster Abstract: Examining Cross-Validation Strategies for Predictive Modeling of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reinjury

The ability to detect subtle changes in movement patterns is the most important step towards early and accurate detection of aberrant movement patterns that lead to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reinjury which is a common and costly disease resulting in surgical reconstruction and rehabilitation costs well over $3 billion annually. Various types of commercially available wearable motion sensors have been used to assess gait and mobility characteristics in patients performing activities that resemble the demand for sports and in native sport environments. However, the question of to what extent the sensor data could be used to develop predictive models and aid in treatment decision making that may improve care in patients with an ACL injury. Therefore, this paper explores the influences of cross-validation strategies (e.g., record-wise, subject-wise) in developing machine learning models to predict the attributes of an ACL injury that play a significant role in clinical decision-making process including gender, left and right involved limbs, and comparison between patients and healthy controls. Six machine learning models were developed to examine the influences and experimental results demonstrated the performance of the models varied depending on the cross-validation methods and revealed practical implications for clinical decision-making process regarding ACL injury.
Severe growth failure associated with a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in the GHR transmembrane domain leading to elevated growth hormone binding protein.

Objective To report a novel mutation in GHR and to characterize a novel mechanism of nonclassical growth hormone insensitivity. Context Laron syndrome (LS) is a well-described disorder of growth hormone insensitivity due to mutations in the growth hormone receptor (GHR) that leads to short stature. Biochemically, LS patients classically have elevated levels of growth hormone (GH), but low levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and GH binding protein (GHBP). Design Case presentation with in vitro functional studies. Patients A young male Caucasian child with short stature was found to have growth hormone insensitivity manifested by elevated levels of GH and GHBP. Measurements Growth hormone stimulation tests revealed baseline GH level of 20.9 µg/L and maximum stimulated GH level of 52.7 µg/L and GHBP level of 4868 pmol/L. GHR gene sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.800G > A, p.Trp267*) in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Immunoblot analysis of transfected GHR p.Trp267* in HEK293 revealed inhibition of GH-induced STAT5 signalling that was overcome with increasing doses of recombinant human GH. Results Using an in vitro model, we show that elevated levels of GHBP inhibit the action of GH. Furthermore, our studies demonstrate that this inhibition by GHBP can be overcome by increasing doses of recombinant human GH. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate in vitro that elevated levels of GHBP attenuate the effect of GH and inhibit GH-induced signalling, thereby leading to short stature. Though this inhibition was overcome in vitro with supraphysiologic doses of GH, significantly above endogenously available GH, it remains to be seen whether such an effect can be replicated in vivo.
Introgression of hatchery rainbow trout in naturalized steelhead populations of western Lake Superior

Abstract Fisheries managers and anglers in Minnesota have long been concerned that reproduction in the wild by a hatchery strain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), called kamloops, could reduce the fitness of naturalized steelhead (migratory rainbow trout) populations in Lake Superior. A previous study found no evidence of kamloops introgression, but a new evaluation is warranted in light of continued stocking and genetic advancements over the past 25 years. We used genotypes from 10 microsatellite DNA loci to assess kamloops ancestry in adult and age-0 rainbow trout samples from 40 streams in Minnesota, one stream in Wisconsin, and two adult broodstocks. We also evaluated genetic population structure for impacts of kamlooops introgression. Overall, the average estimated kamloops ancestry was 8% (range 2–44%) in age-0 juveniles and 4% (1–19%) in adults. The average percentages of kamloops descendants in age-0 and adults were 8% (0–54%) and 5% (0–40%), respectively. Kamloops descendants were found in many Minnesota streams and in Wisconsin’s Bois Brule River, but were most prevalent in streams near the source hatchery, near recent stocking locations, and in lower reaches of longitudinally sampled streams. Feral steelhead broodstock had 9% and 6% kamloops descendants in two years while captive broodstock had no kamloops descendants. Minnesota’s populations showed little spatial genetic structure but were distinct from the Bois Brule population and from kamloops, which indicated that kamloops introgression had not substantially altered structure. Kamloops introgression into Minnesota steelhead populations and impacts on other jurisdictions contributed to the decision to discontinue the kamloops stocking program.
Early experience with hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy and simultaneous integrated boost for brain metastases.

Cranial irradiation results in cognitive decline, which is hypothesized to be partially attributable to hippocampal injury and stem cell loss. Recent advances allow for targeted reduction of radiation dose to the hippocampi while maintaining adequate dose coverage to the brain parenchyma and additional increasing dose to brain metastases, a approach called hippocampal avoidance whole brain radiation therapy with a simultaneous integrated boost (HA-WBRT + SIB.) We review our early clinical experience with HA-WBRT + SIB. We evaluated treatments and clinical outcomes for patients treated with HA-WBRT + SIB between 2014 and 2018. A total of 32 patients (median age, 63.5 years, range 45.3–78.8 years) completed HA-WBRT + SIB. Median follow-up for patients alive at the time of analysis was 11.3 months. The most common histology was non-small cell lung cancer (n = 22). Most patients (n = 25) were prescribed with WBRT dose of 30 Gy with SIB to 37.5 Gy in 15 fractions. Volumetric modulated arc therapy reduced treatment time (p < 0.0001). Median freedom from intracranial progression and overall survival from completion of treatment were 11.4 months and 19.6 months, respectively. Karnofsky Performance Status was associated with improved survival (p = 0.008). The most common toxicities were alopecia, fatigue, and nausea. Five patients developed cognitive impairment, including grade 1 (n = 3), grade 2 (n = 1), and grade 3 (n = 1). HA-WBRT + SIB demonstrated durable intracranial disease control with modest side effects and merits further investigation as a means of WBRT toxicity reduction while improving long-term locoregional control in the brain.
Chapter Ten – Texture

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a set of interfaces and classes that allows incorporation of texture into material models. The materials are based on various parameters that describe their characteristics (diffuse reflectance, glossiness, etc.). Because real-world material properties typically vary over surfaces, it is necessary to be able to describe these patterns in some manner. In pbrt software, because the texture abstractions are defined in a way that separates the pattern generation methods from the material implementations, it is easy to combine them in arbitrary ways, thereby making it easier to create a wide variety of appearances. In pbrt, a texture is an extremely general concept: it is a function that maps points in some domain (e.g., a surface's (u, v) parametric space or (x, y, z) object space) to values in some other domain. A wide variety of implementations of texture classes are available in the pbrt system. Textures may be a source of high-frequency variation in the final image. The chapter begins by discussing the problem of texture aliasing and general approaches that can be implemented to solve it. It describes the basic texture interface and illustrates its use with a few simple texture functions. Furthermore, the chapter presents a variety of more complex texture implementations, demonstrating the use of a number of different texture antialiasing techniques along the way.
Spin Splitting Energy of Transition Metals: A New, More Affordable Wave Function Benchmark Method and Its Use to Test Density Functional Theory

Accurately predicting the spin splitting energy of chemical species is important for understanding their reactivity and magnetic properties, but it is very challenging, especially for molecules containing transition metals. One impediment to progress is the scarcity of accurate benchmark data. Here we report a set of calculations designed to yield reliable benchmarks for simple transition-metal complexes that can be used to test density functional methods that are affordable for large systems of more practical interest. Various wave function methods are tested against experiment for Fe2+, Fe3+, and Co3+, including CASSCF, CASPT2, CASPT3, MRCISD, MRCISD+Q, ACPF, AQCC, CCSD­(T), and CASPT2/CCSD­(T) and also a new method called CASPT2.5, which is performed by taking the average of the CASPT2 and CASPT3 energies. We find that MRCISD+Q, ACPF, and AQCC require smaller active spaces for good accuracy than are required by CASPT2 and CASPT3, and this aspect may be important for calculations on larger molecules; here we find that CASPT2.5 extrapolated to a complete basis set is the most suitable methodin terms of computational cost and in terms of accuracy on monatomic systemsand therefore we chose this method for molecular benchmarks. Then Kohn–Sham density functional calculations with 60 exchange-correlation functionals are tested for FeF2, FeCl2, and CoF2. We find that MN15-L, M06-SX, and revM06 have very good agreement with CASPT2.5 benchmarks in terms of both the spin splitting energy and the optimized geometry for each spin state. In addition, we recommend def2-TZVP as the most suitable basis set to perform density functional calculations for molecular spin splitting energies; extra polarization functions in the basis set do not help to increase the accuracy of the spin splitting energy in KS calculations.
A cell non-autonomous mechanism of yeast chronological aging regulated by caloric restriction and one-carbon metabolism

Abstract Caloric restriction (CR) improves healthspan and lifespan of organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Understanding the mechanisms involved will uncover future interventions for aging associated diseases. In budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CR is commonly defined by reduced glucose in the growth medium, which extends both replicative and chronological lifespan (CLS). We found that conditioned media collected from stationary phase CR cultures extended CLS when supplemented into non-restricted (NR) cultures, suggesting a potential cell non-autonomous mechanism of CR-induced lifespan regulation. Chromatography and untargeted metabolomics of the conditioned media, as well as transcriptional responses associated with the longevity effect, pointed to specific amino acids enriched in the CR conditioned media (CRCM) as functional molecules, with L-serine being a particularly strong candidate. Indeed, supplementing L-serine into NR cultures extended CLS through a mechanism dependent on the one-carbon metabolism pathway, thus implicating this conserved and central metabolic hub in lifespan regulation.
Search for transfer-induced /sup 12/C + /sup 12/C resonances in the /sup 12/C(/sup 16/O,. cap alpha. )/sup 24/Mg* reaction

Evidence for population of $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ resonant states in the $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}$ transfer reaction at 130 MeV incident energy was sought in carbon-carbon coincidence data. Carbon momenta were measured with position sensitive telescopes centered at + 35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and -30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Despite the fact that the experimental configuration discriminates against the prolific projectile breakup process, few events are observed in the kinematic regions corresponding to the resonances. A Monte Carlo simulation of the $^{12}\mathrm{C}(^{16}\mathrm{O}, \ensuremath{\alpha})^{24}\mathrm{Mg}^{*}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{12}\mathrm{C}$ sequential reaction indicates that the transfer production cross section of resonant states is less than one-fourth the value in the literature based on $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle singles data at 145 MeV incident energy.
Successful flow diversion treatment of ruptured infectious middle cerebral artery aneurysms with the use of Pipeline Flex with Shield technology.

BackgroundRupture of infectious intracranial aneurysms (IIAs) is associated with a high likelihood of mortality. Endovascular treatment of IIAs via parent artery sacrifice offers good efficacy and ...
Five-Year Surveillance of Vitamin D Levels in NCAA Division I Football Players: Risk Factors for Failed Supplementation.

Background:Monitoring vitamin D levels in athletes and determining their response to supplementation in cases of deficiency is thought to be necessary to modulate the risks associated with vitamin ...
Immuno-fibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in post-COVID-19 syndrome

IntroductionSubjects recovering from COVID-19 frequently experience persistent respiratory ailments; however, little is known about the underlying biological factors that may direct lung recovery and the extent to which these are affected by COVID-19 severity. MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of subjects with persistent symptoms after recovering from acute COVID-19 illness, collecting clinical data, pulmonary function tests, and blood. Plasma samples were used for multiplex profiling of circulating factors associated with inflammation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. ResultsSixty-one subjects were enrolled across two academic medical centers at a median of 9 weeks (interquartile range 6-10) after COVID-19 illness: n=13 subjects (21%) mild/non-hospitalized, n=30 (49%) hospitalized/non-critical, and n=18 subjects (30%) hospitalized/intensive care ("ICU"). Fifty-three subjects (85%) had lingering symptoms, most commonly dyspnea (69%) and cough (58%). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) declined as COVID-19 severity increased (P<0.05), but did not correlate with respiratory symptoms. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis of plasma biomarker profiles clustered subjects by past COVID-19 severity. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) identified by the model were significantly higher in the ICU group (P<0.05) and inversely correlated with FVC and DLCO (P<0.05). ConclusionsSubjective respiratory symptoms are common after acute COVID-19 illness but do not correlate with COVID-19 severity or pulmonary function. Host response profiles reflecting neutrophil activation (LCN2), fibrosis signaling (MMP-7), and alveolar repair (HGF) track with lung impairment and may be novel therapeutic or prognostic targets. FundingThe study was funded in part by the NHLBI (K08HL130557 to BDK and R01HL142818 to HJC), the DeLuca Foundation Award (AP), a donation from Jack Levin to the Benign Hematology Program at Yale, and Divisional/Departmental funds from Duke University.
Identification of Weak Links in Distribution Network Based on Random Matrix Theory

As the scale of the power system continues to expand, the probability of weak links in the power system continues to increase, and power system accidents caused by weak links continue to increase, which greatly affects the stability of the power system. Based on this, this paper proposes an identification of weak links in the distribution network based on random matrix theory. First, the theorems of stochastic theory are explained, then a mathematical model for power system state evaluation is constructed, and an abnormal state detection indicator based on the average spectral radius is proposed. Finally, the weak links are analyzed through actual distribution network examples. The results show that the algorithm can quickly identify The weak links in the system verify the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm in this paper.
Urbanization and the Quality of Growth in Uganda: The Challenge of Structural Transformation and Sustainable and Inclusive Development

This chapter analyzes Uganda’s economic growth and urbanization from the perspective of the growing international and domestic concern about the quality of growth and rising inequality. It focuses in particular on secondary cities and towns to analyze their contributions to the quality of growth and their potential. Uganda has been growing impressively over the past three decades at about 6% of GDP annually and has one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the East Africa region. But this growth has not resulted in a matching quality. Average incomes have been lagging behind the GDP growth, whereas poverty and inequality has increased. Urbanization has welfare-improving effects, but these effects are distributed unevenly between urban areas, and cities are the main contributor to inequality nationwide. However, secondary cities and towns are characterized by less inequality than the primary cities, with a relatively higher share of higher productivity sectors, particularly manufacturing.
Our evolving understanding of primary aldosteronism.

Current screening and confirmatory testing lack sensitivity and carry a poor negative predictive value.
EPR Spectra and Electron Spin Relaxation of O2

It has been known from the pioneering and approximately simultaneous work of Freed and Frankel, Hausser and Deguchi (1959–1960) that collisions with O2 in fluid solutions broaden the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of free radicals. Freed showed Hausser the effect of degassing solutions on the hyperfine of DPPH. Hausser and Deguchi published spectra illustrating the effect. The effect of O2 on CW EPR spectra and on relaxation times has been applied to the problem of measuring O2 concentration in vivo. Various aspects of the effect of O2 on biological EPR and on the biological systems have been studied. A large literature has developed about in vivo O2 measurements using nitroxyl radicals, triarylmethyl radicals (trityl, TAM), carbon particles, and analogues of lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc). All of these measurements correctly assume that the O2 electron spin relaxation time is short relative to the relaxation time of the sensor molecules. There has been no prior review of the EPR spectra and electron spin relaxation of O2 in the gas phase, dissolved in fluid solution, and in frozen solutions. A summary of the relevant literature is presented here as a resource for the O2 measurement community.
A Guide to Elementary Number Theory

CHOICE Award winner! A Guide to Elementary Number Theory is a 140-page exposition of the topics considered in a first course in number theory. It is intended for those who may have seen the material before but have half-forgotten it, and also for those who may have misspent their youth by not having a course in number theory and who want to see what it is about without having to wade through a traditional text, some of which approach 500 pages in length. It will be especially useful to graduate student preparing for the qualifying exams. Underwood Dudley received the Ph.D. degree (number theory) from the University of Michigan in 1965. He taught at the Ohio State University and at DePauw University, from which he retired in 2004. He is the author of three books on mathematical oddities, The Trisectors, Mathematical Cranks, and Numerology all published by the Mathematical Association of America. He has also served as editor of the College Mathematics Journal, the Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, and two of the Mathematical Association of America's book series.
Ranking/Unranking of Lambda Terms with Compressed de Bruijn Indices

We introduce a compressed de Bruijn representation of lambda terms and define its bijections to standard representations. Our compressed terms facilitate derivation of size-proportionate ranking and unranking algorithms of lambda terms and their inferred simple types. We specify our algorithms as a literate Prolog program.
Motion Estimation of Carotid Artery Plaques

Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of strokes and the third cause of death in the United States1 with almost twice as many people dying from cardiovascular disease than from the combined deaths due to cancer.
Obesity is associated with increased red blood cell folate despite lower intake and serum levels of this vitamin among adults in the United States (LB411)

Background: Folates are essential cofactors in various metabolic pathways. Limited evidence has investigated how obesity affects folate metabolism. We investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and obesity-related metabolic factors with blood folate status. Methods: A representative study population of 3829 US adults was derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006). Regression analyses were performed to examine the association between BMI and obesity-related metabolic factors with serum folate and red blood cell (RBC) folate. Results: Serum folate levels were lowest in both the underweight and obese groups, closely paralleling with the lower dietary folate intakes in these two groups. In contrast, RBC folate incrementally increased with BMI. Regression analyses demonstrated a negative relationship between BMI and serum folate, but a positive relationship for RBC folate. These relationships were significant for 19-50 year old individuals, but not for elders ...
The Inner M1-67 Nebula: Coronagraphic Imaging and Echelle Observations

Coronagraphic and spectroscopic observations of the nebula M1-67 surrounding WR124 reveal an axisymmetric outflow.
“Thinking too much”: A systematic review of a common idiom of distress

Idioms of distress communicate suffering via reference to shared ethnopsychologies, and better understanding of idioms of distress can contribute to effective clinical and public health communication. This systematic review is a qualitative synthesis of "thinking too much" idioms globally, to determine their applicability and variability across cultures. We searched eight databases and retained publications if they included empirical quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods research regarding a "thinking too much" idiom and were in English. In total, 138 publications from 1979 to 2014 met inclusion criteria. We examined the descriptive epidemiology, phenomenology, etiology, and course of "thinking too much" idioms and compared them to psychiatric constructs. "Thinking too much" idioms typically reference ruminative, intrusive, and anxious thoughts and result in a range of perceived complications, physical and mental illnesses, or even death. These idioms appear to have variable overlap with common psychiatric constructs, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. However, "thinking too much" idioms reflect aspects of experience, distress, and social positioning not captured by psychiatric diagnoses and often show wide within-cultural variation, in addition to between-cultural differences. Taken together, these findings suggest that "thinking too much" should not be interpreted as a gloss for psychiatric disorder nor assumed to be a unitary symptom or syndrome within a culture. We suggest five key ways in which engagement with "thinking too much" idioms can improve global mental health research and interventions: it (1) incorporates a key idiom of distress into measurement and screening to improve validity of efforts at identifying those in need of services and tracking treatment outcomes; (2) facilitates exploration of ethnopsychology in order to bolster cultural appropriateness of interventions; (3) strengthens public health communication to encourage engagement in treatment; (4) reduces stigma by enhancing understanding, promoting treatment-seeking, and avoiding unintentionally contributing to stigmatization; and (5) identifies a key locally salient treatment target.