cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Sea Level Change from TOPEX/Poseidon Observation and Thermal Contribution

Seasonal steric sea-level change due to temperature variation in the mixing layer is assessed using space-measured sea-surface temperature data and historical in situ temperature measurements. The results are compared with TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter measurement at different large spatial scales. It is indicated that thermal effect accounts for much of the observed seasonal variability, especially when averaging over zonal regions. Some regional seasonal patterns of sea-level anomalies in the tropical oceans are well represented by the thermal model prediction. Systematic differences are shown between TOPEX/Poseidon observation and thermal contribution at a 1–2 cm level. The potential causes for these differences are discussed, including water mass exchanges among the atmosphere, land, and oceans, and error sources in the steric result and geophysical corrections applied in TOPEX/Poseidon data.
A two-phase investment model for optimal allocation of phasor measurement units considering transmission switching

Abstract Ensuring the reliability of an electrical power system requires a wide-area monitoring and full observability of the state variables. Phasor measurement units (PMUs) collect in real time synchronized phasors of voltages and currents which are used for the observability of the power grid. Due to the considerable cost of installing PMUs, it is not possible to equip all buses with PMUs. In this paper, we propose an integer linear programming model to determine the optimal PMU placement plan in two investment phases. In the first phase, PMUs are installed to achieve full observability of the power grid whereas additional PMUs are installed in the second phase to guarantee the N − 1 observability of the power grid. The proposed model also accounts for transmission switching and single contingencies such as failure of a PMU or a transmission line. Results are provided on several IEEE test systems which show that our proposed approach is a promising enhancement to the methods available for the optimal placement of PMUs.
Oral Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Report of Ten Cases

• The conditions of ten patients were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris limited to the oral cavity. In eight patients the histopathologic findings were consistent with oral pemphigus. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrated intercellular substance (ICS) deposition of C3 either alone or in combination with IgG, IgA, IgM, C4, C1q, properdin, and factor B in all nine patients tested. Circulating ICS antibodies were detected initially in eight of the ten patients, nine of whom had positive titers at a later date, without subsequent development of cutaneous lesions. Physicians should be alerted to a diagnosis of pemphigus in patients who have chronic erosive disease confined to the oral cavity. Prompt diagnosis by means of routine histopathologic and immunofluorescence studies followed by early initiation of treatment are warranted. ( Arch Dermatol 113:1520-1524, 1977)
The Relation Between the Age of the Corpus Luteum (CL) and the Luteolytic Effect of an LH-Antiserum (LH-AS): Comparison of Hysterectomized Pseudopregnant Rats with Intact Pregnant Rats for Their Response to LH-AS Treatment at Four Stages of CL Activity

At one of four stages during the period of corpus luteum (CL) activity (day 9, day 12, day 15, or day 18) groups of hysterectomized pseudopregnant (PSP) rats and of intact pregnant (PRG) rats were compared for the effect of a single sc injection of an antiserum to LH (LH-AS) on progesterone secretion. Groups of control rats were injected sc with normal horse serum (NHS) at these same stages, and in all rats, the progesterone level in jugular blood serum was measured by RIA on the day of treatment and 24 and 72 h after treatment. Among the PRG rats, the controls' progesterone levels rose to a peak on day 15, and then slowly declined. LH-AS on day 9 induced abortion and a rapid, drastic and permanent fall in the progesterone level in all rats. on day 12, it induced a similar fall in progesterone, and abortion, in 4 of 10 rats; in the 6 which remained pregnant, a much less severe fall occurred 24 h after treatment, and by 72 h the level had returned to close to the initial one. on days 15 or 18, LH-AS induce...
Packaging and unpackaging the sea urchin sperm genome

Two species of histones in sea urchin sperm (Sp H1 and Sp H2B) are chimeric molecules whose highly basic amino-terminal domains are dephosphorylated at the last stage of sperm cell differentiation, and rephosphorylated immediately following fertilization. The phosphorylated regions consist largely of repeating tetrapeptides with two basic residues flanking Ser-Pro residues ('SPKK' motifs) and are predicted to have beta-turn secondary structures. Alteration of the charge and structure of the SPKK sites may play a role in the unusually dense DNA packaging of the mature sperm chromatin. The motif resembles the target site of cell-cycle-associated cdc2 kinases and is found in several other proteins whose nucleic acid affinities may be altered during the cell cycle.
On the sound field from a moving source in a viscous medium.

Based on a one-dimensional model, a wave-theoretic analysis of the sound field from a moving, harmonic source in a viscous medium is developed. When the source is inbound to the receiver, the field consists of an attenuated propagating wave with Doppler up-shifted frequency. A similar wave is present when the source is outbound from the receiver but with down-shifted frequency. Also present on the outbound run is an evanescent wave that appears at the instant the source passes the receiver. The evanescent wave is very highly attenuated and exists only in the presence of both source motion and dissipation. Expressions are formulated for the frequency and attenuation coefficient of the two propagating waves and the evanescent wave. The attenuation of the propagating waves scales with the square of the frequency, which is a characteristic of viscous dissipation; and the attenuation is strongly asymmetrical, being significantly higher on approach than departure. The asymmetry in the attenuation arises partly ...
Molecular genetic analysis of VRK1 in mammary epithelial cells: depletion slows proliferation in vitro and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo

The vaccinia-related kinases (VRKs) comprise a branch of the casein kinase family. VRK1, a ser/thr kinase with a nuclear localization, is the most well-studied paralog and has been described as a proproliferative protein. In lower eukaryotes, a loss of VRK1 activity is associated with severe mitotic and meiotic defects. Mice that are hypomorphic for VRK1 expression are infertile, and depletion of VRK1 in tissue culture cells can impair cell proliferation and alter several signaling pathways. VRK1 has been implicated as part of a ‘gene-expression signature' whose overexpression correlates with poor clinical outcome in breast cancer patients. We present here our investigation of the role of VRK1 in the growth of normal (MCF10) and malignant (MDA-MB-231) human mammary epithelial cells, and demonstrate that shRNA-mediated depletion of VRK1 slows their proliferation significantly. Conversely, stable overexpression of a FLAG-tagged VRK1 transgene imparts a survival advantage to highly malignant MDA-MB-231 cells under conditions of nutrient and growth factor deprivation. Moreover, in a murine orthotopic xenograft model of breast cancer, we demonstrate that tumors depleted of VRK1 show a 50% reduction in size from 4–13 weeks postengraftment. The incidence and burden of distal metastases in the lungs and brain was also significantly reduced in mice engrafted with VRK1-depleted cells. These studies demonstrate that VRK1 depletion or overexpression has an impact on the proliferation and survival of cell lines derived from normal or malignant mammary tissue, and moreover show that depletion of VRK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells reduces their oncogenic and metastatic properties in vivo.
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone-Induced Hyponatremia Associated with Amiodarone

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the most common cause of euvolemic hyponatremia, is due to nonphysiologic release of arginine vasopressin from the posterior pituitary. Hyponatremia induced by SIADH can be caused by several conditions, such as central nervous system disorders, malignancies, various nonmalignant lung diseases, hypoadrenalism, and hypothyroidism. A 67-year-old man developed hyponatremia consistent with SIADH. Although common comorbid conditions associated with SIADH were excluded as possible causes, his medical history and drug regimen were extensive. However, he had been taking spironolactone, amiodarone, and simvastatin for less than 3 months. Amiodarone was discontinued based on a case report suggesting that this drug can cause SIADH-induced hyponatremia. The patient's serum sodium level began to rise within 3 days of discontinuation and returned to normal within 1 month. Although SIADH-induced hyponatremia occurs only rarely, it should be recognized as a possible adverse effect of amiodarone.
First principles' imaging performance evaluation of CCD- and CMOS-based digital camera systems

The new generation of Digital Still Cameras (DSCs) provide a capability of capturing raw data that make it possible to measure the fundamental metrics of the camera. Although CCDs are used in a majority of DSCs, the number of cameras with CMOS-based sensors are increasing. Using first principles, the performance of comparable CCD and CMOS- based DSCs are measured. The performance metrics measured are electronic noise, signal-to-noise ratio, linearity, dynamic range, resolution, and sensitivity. The dark noise and dark current are measured as a function of exposure time and ISO speed. The signal response and signal-to-noise response are measured as a function of intensity and ISO speed. The resolution is measured in terms of the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) using both raw and rendered data. The spectral sensitivity is measured in terms of camera constants at several wavelengths. Subjective image quality is also measured using scenes that exhibit limiting performance. The ISO speed performance is compared against a film camera.
On the Clarke subdifferential of the distance function of a closed set

Abstract Let C be a nonempty closed subset of the real normed linear space X . In this paper we determine the extent to which formulas for the Clarke subdifferential of the distance for C , d c (x) := inf y∈c ‖x − y‖ , which are valid when C is convex, remain valid when C is not convex. The assumption of subdifferential regularity for d c plays an important role. When x ∉ C , the most precise results also require the nonemptiness of the set P C (x) := { x ϵ C : ∥x − x ∥ = d C (x)} . As an interesting side result, the equivalence between the strict differentiability and the regularity of d C at x is established when x ∉ C , P C ( x ) ≠ O , and the norm on X is smooth.
Narrative Review: The New Epidemic of Clostridium difficile–Associated Enteric Disease

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea and colitis were well established soon after antibiotics became available. Early work implicated Staphylococcus aureus, but in 1978 Clostridium difficile became the established pathogen in the vast majority of cases. In the first 5 years (1978 through 1983), the most common cause was clindamycin, the standard diagnostic test was the cytotoxin assay, and standard management was to withdraw the implicated antibiotic and treat with oral vancomycin. Most patients responded well, but 25% relapsed when vancomycin was withdrawn. During the next 20 years (1983 through 2003), the most commonly implicated antibiotics were the cephalosporins, which reflected the rates of use; the enzyme immunoassay replaced the cytotoxin assay because of speed of results and technical ease of performance; and metronidazole replaced vancomycin as standard treatment, and principles of containment hospitals became infection control and antibiotic control. During the recent past (2003 to 2006), C. difficile has been more frequent, more severe, more refractory to standard therapy, and more likely to relapse. This pattern is widly distributed in the United States, Canada, and Europe and is now attributed to a new strain of C. difficile designated BI, NAP1, or ribotype 027 (which are synonymous terms). This strain appears more virulent, possibly because of production of large amounts of toxins, and fluoroquinolones are now major inducing agents along with cephalosporins, which presumably reflects newly acquired in vitro resistance and escalating rates of use. The recent experience does not change principles of management of the individual patient, but it does serve to emphasize the need for better diagnostics, early recognition, improved methods to manage severe disease and relapsing disease, and greater attention to infection control and antibiotic restraint.
H-E-A-L-T-H: A Rogerian Perspective

Nursing has evolved from a vocation governed by traditions into an academic and practice-oriented profession. As an existential discipline, nursing will continue to change as knowledge advances. The Science of Unitary Human Beings as postulated by Martha E. Rogers, Sc.D., offers the potential for nursing to develop theories and techniques that are appropriate for a different model of nuring in a rapidly changing world. Because of the high level of abstraction of the concepts and principles of the Rogerian Conceptual System, phenomena central to nursing need to be re-interpreted according to its world-view. In this paper, several variables involved in healing are described from a three-dimensional framework and re-interpreted four-dimensionally, as an illustration of a process for developing practice strategies for the future consistent with the Science of Unitary Human Beings.
Characteristics and Trends in Family-Centered Conceptualizations

Early-intervention and early childhood professionals have long considered family-centered service delivery best practice. Exactly what family-centered practice means, however, remains unclear. The lack of consensus in defining family centeredness results in incongruence in the manner and degree to which professionals implement family centeredness. This review of the literature examines current conceptualizations of family-centered practice in an effort to determine whether there is a common definition; and, if so, how that definition has changed over the past decade. The authors found that, though the key elements of family centeredness (i.e., family as the unit of attention, family choice, family strengths, family–professional relationship, and individualized family services) have remained consistent, the emphasis has shifted from the family as the unit of attention to family–professional relationship and family choice. Implications for early intervention practice and research are discussed.
Some structural features of mitochondria in tissues prepared by freeze-substitution

In electron micrographs of tissues prepared by a freeze-substitution technique the mitochondrial membranes (both inner and outer) show a five-layered pattern, which resembles tight-junctions typically seen between closely apposed cell membranes. This mitochondrial pattern differs from the commonly shown structure of mitochondria inasmuch as the 50–100 A gap that separates the two limiting membranes and also extends into the cristae does not show in micrographs of freeze-substituted material. The fine structural details of other cellular inclusions in freeze-substituted tissues are essentially similar to that shown by direct chemical fixation.
Periodic Flow Between Low Aspect Ratio Parallel Jets

The behavior of symmetric parallel jets was investigated experimentally. Two-component hot-wire surveys of the velocity field were performed over a jet region extending from the nozzle plate to a distance seven times the spacing between the nozzles. The objective of this study was to investigate an observed periodic behavior in the near-field region between parallel jets that increases in frequency as the nozzle widths decrease. This behavior was found to occur in parallel jets where nozzle widths are greater than 0.5 times the jet spacer width. The phenomena are attributed to bluff body shedding in the near field and a confining effect of the outer shear layers
Synthesis and structural characterization of Hexa(cyclohexyl) ferrocene, [1,2,4-(C6H11)3C5H2]2Fe

Abstract 1,2,4-tricyclohexylcyclopentadiene can be formed from the phase-transfer catalysed addition of cyclohexyl bromide to cyclopentadiene. Reaction of two equivalents of its lithium salt with FeCl 2 in THF produces the corresponding substituted ferrocene. Crystals of orange [1,2,4-(C 6 H 11 ) 3 C 5 H 2 ] 2 Fe grown from toluene are monoclinic, space group C 2/ c , with a = 16.386 (4) A, b = 12.142 (3) A, c = 21.003 (3) A, β = 107.38 (1), and D calcd = 1. 131 g cm −3 for Z = 4. Least- squares refinement based on 1291 observed reflections led to a final R value of 0.049. The molecule possesses a classic sandwich geometry with staggered rings and a crystallographically imposed two-fold rotation axis passing through the metal center. Despite the presence of six cyclohexyl rings, the cyclopentadienyl ligands can orient themselves around the iron to avoid unfavorable inter- ring steric interactions. As a result, the average Fe-C ring distance of 2.06 (1) A in hexa(cyclohexyl)ferrocene is not significantly longer than the corresponding distance in ferrocene itself.
In search of ‘the people’: A rhetorical alternative

(1975). In search of ‘the people’: A rhetorical alternative. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 235-249.
A decentralized algorithm for optimal routing in data-communication networks

The goal coordination technique of optimization theory for large-scale systems is used to develop a decentralized algorithm for optimal routing in data-communication networks. The algorithm is in two parts of which the first solves the optimal flow assignment problem and the second provides the corresponding optimal routing. All calculations are distributed among the nodes and require information only from adjacent nodes. The results are illustrated via an example and problems for future research are indicated.
Cold tolerance at three salinities in post-larval prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man)

Post-larval Macrobrachium rosenbergii acclimated to 27, 22, or 16°C and 5, 8, or 14 ‰ were temperature-shocked to 16°C or 13°16° C for 1 week. Survival was significantly better in animals acclimated to 22°C or below. Salinity had no significant effect on survival. Growth of post-larvae which had been maintained at 16°C or below for 3 weeks was followed for 1 month at 27°C; it was not significantly different from that of 27°C controls. Slower growth was observed in the 14‰ prawns. These data indicate that post-larvae stocked into cool ponds from warm hatcheries might benefit from pre-acclimation to lower temperatures. Exposure to cold does not adversely affect later growth.
Considering Risk in Product Development

Managers and scholars emphasize the importance of product development capabilities to a firm's performance. Research on product development emphasizes the importance of inter-departmental integration in the form of project management and task teams. Use of these integrating mechanisms leads to increased shared knowledge across departments. Yet there are risks and costs in devoting time and resources to inter-departmental integration, which comes at the cost of departmental specialization. Functional departments like marketing or product engineering presumably exist so that members can specialize in a specific domain of knowledge. Thus, insufficient shared knowledge of other groups' technical constraints can lead to costly problems. However, an over-reliance on integrating mechanisms to share knowledge can prevent departments from completing their own tasks. This paper details the implicit risks in devoting too little or too much time to cross-departmental integration. It is believed that understanding the risks and opportunity costs of using integrating mechanisms will aid in their application.
Optical Coherence Tomography in the Gastrointestinal Tract

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution, cross-sectional optical imaging technique that allows in situ imaging of tissue by measuring back-reflected light. OCT provides images in real time with a resolution approaching that of conventional histopathology, but without the need for tissue removal. OCT imaging can be performed endoscopically to visualize gastrointestinal tissue using a fiberoptic catheter passed through the instrument channel of a conventional endoscope. The resolution of OCT allows visualization of the different layers of gastrointestinal epithelium and the differentiation of Barrett's epithelium from normal gastric and squamous mucosa. OCT has also been used to image esophageal adenocarcinoma and colonic polyps. Recent developments include Doppler OCT, spectroscopic OCT, and ultrahigh-resolution OCT, which can visualize nuclei within single cells. Although still in its infancy as a clinical tool, OCT currently provides high-resolution images over the same imaging depth as conventional mucosal biopsy, and may prove to be a useful and minimally invasive technique for evaluating gastrointestinal tissue, particularly for early neoplastic changes.
Examining functional content in widely used Health-Related Quality of Life scales.

Purpose Assess extent to which generic Quality of Life (QOL) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) scales include function in assessment of health, and identify health assessment items that are free of functional content. Methods An expert panel on measurement of health and disability reached consensus on definitions of health, disability, and function. They assessed all items of all generic (non-condition-specific) scales in the 2006 ProQolid database for being important to measuring health as distinct from function. Ratings were summarized as content validity ratios. Retained items were written into standard format and reviewed again by the expert panel and a validity panel with expertise in specific disabilities. Results Of 85 scales, 21 were retained as containing items important for assessing health. Scales ranged from 100% (BRFSS HRQOL, WHO-5) to only 4% of items rated as important. In further review of "important" items, functional content was identified in many of the items, particularly with regard to mental functioning. Conclusions Popular generic scales of QOL and HRQOL vary greatly in the degree to which they include content on function. A pool of items can be identified that are relatively free of function. Distinguishing measurement of function and health is particularly important for people with long-standing functional limitations and for assessing the relationship of health with function.
Herd Management: Labor Strategies in Local Food Production

Local food has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the natural food industry. Nationwide, farmers' market attendance and memberships in Community Supported Agriculture have increased dramatically. This increased demand for locally produced food puts producers in the position of having to decide whether or not to rapidly scale up their operations, collaborate with other producers, or turn business away. One of the major obstacles to growth faced by producers is access to reliable, affordable labor. This paper explores several mechanisms by which producers may obtain and retain reliable labor sources. The typical options include hiring paid employees, using volunteers, or hiring interns. Each of these strategies has advantages and disadvantages, both socially and economically for the producer and the community.
Additional algorithms for sensor chip alignment to blind datums

Alignment of the sensor focal plane array (FPA) to optical components is a critical design feature. Imaging system designs include reference datums that provide the basis for manufacturing alignment in each sub-assembly. Measurement of z and parallelism positioning can be problematic, since the relevant datum features are often beneath the mounting platform and are obscured to the measurement system. General algorithms for determining sensor chip alignment when datum features are inaccessible to the measurement system have been developed. Pre-characterization measurements of datum surfaces are stored for later use during alignment measurement to determine datum locations. The algorithms are useful for post-mounting alignment measurement, and can also be used for active manufacturing alignment. This paper presents additional algorithms that are useful for active alignment, including methods for determining rotation axes on the aligner-bonder system and for determining actuator motions to bring the FPA into alignment with datums. The algorithms have been successfully implemented for ultra-precision, active manufacturing alignment and post-alignment measurement of infrared imaging systems.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus

Tacrolimus, a novel macrocyclic lactone with potent immunosuppressive properties, is currently available as an intravenous formulation and as a capsule for oral use, although other formulations are under investigation.
Personal Leadership Identity and Leadership Frames: Understanding What Happened at Penn State

I am deeply honored to have been selected as the 2013 Distinguished Psychologist in Management by SPIM, and I again thank SPIM for allowing me the opportunity to share some thoughts about leadership with you – first at the annual meeting, and now in this version of that presentation for The Psychologist Manager Journal. These views will be shared with you through the vehicle of a recent leadership case in higher education that has been unusually public -the child sexual abuse scandal at the Pennsylvania State University.
DNA methylation in cancer: three decades of discovery

Andrew Feinberg shares his views on the field of cancer epigenetics, from its beginnings to the most exciting recent findings.
Developmental Risk I: Depression and the Developing Brain

This article discusses recent findings on the neurobiology of pediatric depression as well as the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining the risk for the disorder. Utilizing data from both animal and human studies, the authors focus on the evolving understanding of the developmental neurobiology of emotional regulation, cognitive function and social behavior as it applies to the risk and clinical course of depression. Treatment implications and directions for future research are also discussed.
Effects of ram speed on prey capture kinematics of juvenile Indo-Pacific tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides.

Abstract We examined the effects of variation in swimming speed, or ‘ram speed’, on the feeding kinematics of juvenile Indo-Pacific tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides. Tarpon were filmed feeding on non-elusive prey at 500 images s−1. Prey items were offered at one end of the filming tank, the opposite end where tarpon grouped, to encourage them to use a ram strategy to capture their prey. We describe tarpon as ram-suction feeders. Ram speed varied among strikes from 0.19 to 1.38 m/s and each individual produced speeds that spanned at least 0.9 m/s across trials. Although suction distances were much less variable, prey movement towards the predator was present in all feeding trials. There was a strong positive relationship between initial predator – prey distance and ram speed (r2=0.72, P
Functional MRI-BOLD of brainstem structures during visually triggered migraine

Background: Previously, hyperoxia and blood volume increase were reported in the red nucleus and substantia nigra during spontaneous migraine with aura. Objective: To further understand the pathophysiologic role of these centers, activation of brainstem structures was investigated in patients with visually triggered migraine. Methods: Twenty-six patients with migraine (23 with aura and 3 without aura), and 10 normal control subjects were studied with blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) fMRI during repeated checkerboard visual stimulation. Three axial image sections, which covered the occipital cortex and brainstem, were acquired 224 times with a temporal resolution of 3.5 seconds. Results: Repetitive visual stimulation triggered symptoms in 12 patients; four who had migraine with aura developed both visual symptoms and headaches, and six who had migraine with aura and two who had migraine without aura had headaches only. Four patients who had migraine with aura experienced the onset of their usual aura or onset of their typical headache either during the experiment or immediately after. In the remaining 10 patients with migraine, and all control subjects, visual stimulation failed to trigger symptoms at any time. In 75% of the patients who developed symptoms during stimulation, baseline T2*-weighted MR signal intensities increased in the red nucleus and substantia nigra before occipital cortex signal elevation or the onset of visually triggered symptoms. Conclusion: Activation (hyperoxia and blood volume increase) of the red nucleus and substantia nigra in association with visually triggered symptoms of migraine suggest that these brainstem structures are a part of a neuronal network activated during an attack.
Metal Nanoparticle Metamaterials for Engineering Dielectric Constants and Their Applications to Near Resonant Surface Plasmon Waveguides

We analyze metal nanoparticle metamaterials, allowing engineered negative or positive epsilon. Dissipative losses of bulk materials and near-resonant waveguides are treated and figures of merit formulated, quantifying necessary improvements in optical losses for various applications.
Reinforcement learning control.

Abstract Reinforcement learning refers to improving performance through trial-and-error. Despite recent progress in developing artificial learning systems, including new learning methods for artificial neural networks, most of these systems learn under the tutelage of a knowledgeable ‘teacher’ able to tell them how to respond to a set of training stimuli. Learning under these conditions is not adequate, however, when it is costly, or even impossible, to obtain this kind of training information. Reinforcement learning is attracting increasing attention in computer science and engineering because it can be used by autonomous systems to learn from their experiences instead of from knowledgeable teachers, and it is attracting attention in computational neuroscience because it is consonant with biological principles. Recent research has improved the efficiency of reinforcement learning and has provided some striking examples of its capabilities.
Retinal effects of high doses of LSD in the cat.

Abstract Low doses of LSD previously have been shown to produce a retinal effect similar to stimulation with low frequency flashing lights or moving visual patterns. The present study extended these findings to high LSD doses, which resulted in retinal effects similar to stimulation with high frequency or constant, steady illumination. Retinal activity was derived from measurements of the average tonic discharge levels per unit time of the optic tract. Although high doses of LSD produce retinal changes in association with behavioral visual unresposivity, no alteration in this tonic activity appears upon stimulation with changing visual stimuli. The data indicate a direct retinal action of LSD. However, the resultant behavioral visual unresponsivity does not appear to be due to retinal changes alone.
Hostility, Anger, and Marital Adjustment: Concurrent and Prospective Associations with Psychosocial Vulnerability

Hostility may contribute to risk for disease through psychosocial vulnerability, including the erosion of the quality of close relationships. This study examined hostility, anger, concurrent ratings of the relationship, and change in marital adjustment over 18 months in 122 married couples. Wives' and husbands' hostility and anger were related to concurrent ratings of marital adjustment and conflict. In prospective analyses, wives' but not husbands' hostility and anger were related to change in marital adjustment. In hierarchical regression and SEM models wives' anger was a unique predictor of both wives' and husbands' change in marital adjustment. The association between wives' anger and change in husbands' marital satisfaction was mediated by husbands' ratings of conflict in the marriage. These results support the role of hostility and anger in the development of psychosocial vulnerability, but also suggest an asymmetry in the effects of wives' and husbands' trait anger and hostility on marital adjustment.
An "isolated functional segment" pancreatic fistula in the dog.

Abstract A surgical protocol for the establishment of an “isolated functional segment” pancreatic fistula is presented. This preparation should prove of value in future investigations of pancreatic physiology by more closely satisfying three important criteria: (1) maintaining a healthy animal with digestive function capable of maintaining normal nutrition; (2) maintaining a duodenal environment which more closely supplies normal neurohumoral control over exocrine glandular function; and (3) yielding consistent reproducible results.
Incremental Validity of Test Session and Classroom Observations in a Multimethod Assessment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study tested the incremental validity of behavioral observations, over and above parent and teacher reports, for assessing symptoms of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children ages 6 to 12, using the Test Observation Form (TOF) and Direct Observation Form (DOF) from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. The TOF Attention Problems and DOF Intrusive scales contributed significant unique variance, over and above parent and teacher ratings, to predicting parent and teacher ratings of hyperactivity and impulsivity and predicting categorical diagnoses of ADHD-Combined type versus Non-ADHD and ADHD-Combined type versus ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive type. The TOF Oppositional and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems scales contributed unique variance to predicting parent ratings of hyperactivity and impulsivity and the DOF Oppositional and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems scales contributed unique variance to predicting teacher ratings of hyperactivity and impu...
11.1.1 Calculations of Flexibility in Space Systems

One of the important aspects of Engineering Systems design is the measurement of flexibility. In this paper, different measures for flexibility are applied to an orbital transportation network, which provides on-orbit servicing capability. The paper introduces provider-side as well as customer-side flexibility metrics that can be used to evaluate different architectures on the basis of their flexibility. These two sets of approaches to calculating flexibility for space systems highlight the different ways flexibility can be valued, be it in terms of flexibility metrics or real option values. The choice of methodology depends on the context and the engineering system in question, as well as what kind of outputs are expected. While the case studies discussed here are focused on space systems, these measures of flexibility can also be expanded to many other engineering systems.
Dynamic Rupture Modeling of the Transition from Thrust to Strike-Slip Motion in the 2002 Denali Fault Earthquake, Alaska

We use three-dimensional dynamic (spontaneous) rupture models to investigate the nearly simultaneous ruptures of the Susitna Glacier thrust fault and the Denali strike-slip fault. With the 1957 M_w 8.3 Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, earthquake as the only other well-documented case of significant, nearly simultaneous rupture of both thrust and strike-slip faults, this feature of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms responsible for development of these large, complex events. We find that the geometry of the faults and the orientation of the regional stress field caused slip on the Susitna Glacier fault to load the Denali fault. Several different stress orientations with oblique right-lateral motion on the Susitna Glacier fault replicate the triggering of rupture on the Denali fault about 10 sec after the rupture nucleates on the Susitna Glacier fault. However, generating slip directions compatible with measured surface offsets and kinematic source inversions requires perturbing the stress orientation from that determined with focal mechanisms of regional events. Adjusting the vertical component of the principal stress tensor for the regional stress field so that it is more consistent with a mixture of strike-slip and reverse faulting significantly improves the fit of the slip-rake angles to the data. Rotating the maximum horizontal compressive stress direction westward appears to improve the fit even further.
Effect of frequent testing on learning mathematics

Two beginning calculus classes were involved in a study to determine whether giving frequent, short tests would improve the learning of the subject matter as measured by the final examination. One class was administered short weekly tests, while the other class was not given the tests. The class which was given the short tests scored significantly higher on the final examination than the other class. A secondary question investigated was how well the short tests would predict final examination scores. Not surprisingly, the short test means were reasonably good predictors of the final examination scores.
Mutation identification in a canine model of X-linked ectodermal dysplasia

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XHED), an inherited disease recognized in humans, mice, and cattle, is characterized by hypotrichosis, a reduced number or absence of sweat glands, and missing or malformed teeth. In a subset of affected individuals and animals, mutations in the EDA gene (formerly EDI), coding for ectodysplasin, have been found to cause this phenotype. Ectodysplasin is a homotrimeric transmembrane protein with an extracellular TNF-like domain, which has been shown to be involved in the morphogenesis of hair follicles and tooth buds during fetal development. Some human XHED patients also have concurrent immunodeficiency, due to mutations in the NF-κB essential modulator protein (IKBKG; formerly NEMO), which is also encoded on the X chromosome. In a breeding colony of dogs with XHED, immune system defects had been suspected because of frequent pulmonary infections and unexpected deaths resulting from pneumonia. To determine if defects in EDA or IKBKG cause XHED in the dogs, linkage analysis and sequencing experiments were performed. A polymorphic marker near the canine EDA gene showed significant linkage to XHED. The canine EDA gene was sequenced and a nucleotide substitution (G to A) in the splice acceptor site of intron 8 was detected in affected dogs. In the presence of the A residue, a cryptic acceptor site within exon 9 is used, leading to a frame shift and use of a premature stop codon that truncates the translation of both isoforms, EDA-A1 and EDA-A2, resulting in the absence of the TNF-like homology domain, the receptor-binding site of ectodysplasin.
Some thermodynamic implications for the thermostability of proteins

An analysis of the thermodynamics of protein stability reveals a general tendency for proteins that denature at higher temperatures to have greater free energies of maximal stability. To a reasonable approximation, the temperature of maximal stability for the set of globular, water-soluble proteins surveyed by Robertson and Murphy occurs at T* ∼283K, independent of the heat denaturation temperature, T_m. This observation indicates, at least for these proteins, that thermostability tends to be achieved through elevation of the stability curve rather than by broadening or through a horizontal shift to higher temperatures. The relationship between the free energy of maximal stability and the temperature of heat denaturation is such that an increase in maximal stability of ∼0.008 kJ/mole/residue is, on average, associated with a 1°C increase in T_m. An estimate of the energetic consequences of thermal expansion suggests that these effects may contribute significantly to the destabilization of the native state of proteins with increasing temperature.
CD25+ immunoregulatory T-cells of donor origin suppress alloreactivity after BMT

Abstract We have previously identified donor-derived Thy1+ alphabeta T-cell receptor (TCR)+ CD4+ CD8- regulatory T-cells that suppress GVH reactivity induced by donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) after BMT. These cells develop in the recipient thymus and may play a role in the maintenance of donor-host tolerance after allogeneic BMT. In the present study, we sought to further characterize the T-cells responsible for the regulatory cell activity in our model. Lethally irradiated recipient AKR mice (H-2k) received transplants of BM from CD25-deficient (-/-) C57BL/6 mice (H-2b). Recipients of CD25-deficient BM developed more severe GVHD after DLI than did recipients of normal BM, a result that indirectly suggests that CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells are important to the suppression of GVH reactivity after allogeneic BMT. GVHD was accompanied by mortality, body weight loss, and elevated percentages of T-cells from the DLI in the peripheral blood in mice that received CD25-deficient BM compared to mice that received normal BM. Both CD40-CD40L and CD28-B7 costimulatory pathways have been implicated in the generation of CD25+ regulatory T-cells. Therefore, we tested whether deficiency in either of these pathways affected the activity of donor BM-derived regulatory T-cells. The absence of CD40L did not affect the regulatory T-cells (ie, recipient mice were still protected from DLI-induced GVHD). In contrast, use of marrow from CD28-deficient mice resulted in complete loss of suppression of GVH reactivity. Thus, CD28 but not CD40L was critical for the generation and/or activation of immunoregulatory T-cells that suppressed GVHD induced by DLI. Together, the results of these experiments suggest that CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T-cells suppress GVH reactivity after BMT and that CD28 expression is indispensable for the generation of these cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002;8(10):525-35.
METAL COMPLEXES OF N, N, N', N'-TETRAKIS-(n-PROPYL)-1,2-PHENYLENEDIOXYDIACETAMIDE AND RELATED LIGANDS

Abstract N, N, N', N'-Tetrakis-(n-propyl)-1,2-phenylenedioxydiacetamide and related ligands with four binding sites have been shown to selectively complex Group IIA cations in solution via liquid membrane, picrate extraction, and UV spectroscopic techniques. The formation and partial characterization of crystalline complexes of these ligands with various salts of Group IIA, transition metal and rare earth cations is reported. The complexes were characterized by IR and UV spectroscopy, molar electrolytic conductance, elemental analysis, and (in several cases) single crystal X-ray analysis. The accumulated evidence suggests that [L2M]2+[MX4]2- (X = Cl, Br, SCN), [L2M]2+2X− (X = Cl, Br, SCN, BF4, ClO4) or [LM]2+2X− (X = Cl, Br, SCN) complexes are formed. The [L2M]2+ complexes are eight-coordinate in some cases. Thus these ligands can vary their stoichiometry of complexation depending upon the cation and anion involved. Trans-N, N, N', N,-tetrakis-(n-propyl)-1, 2-cyclohexanedioxydiacetamide reacts with MnBr2 ...
Modulation of glycogen synthase kinase activity of skeletal and smooth muscle casein kinase I by spermine.

Summary Casein kinase I (CK-I) from skeletal muscle was stimulated 2–3 fold by 0.25–1 mM spermine. The polyamine also stimulated the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by another casein kinase purified from aortic smooth muscle [DiSalvo et al. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 136, 789–796]. Phosphopeptide maps and phosphoamino acid analysis of [32P]glycogen synthase revealed that smooth muscle casein kinase phosphorylated glycogen synthase in the same sites that undergo phosphorylation by CK-I. The stimulatory effect of spermine on glycogen synthase kinase activity of CK-I was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of all peptide sites of glycogen synthase. Increased phosphorylation was observed in both seryl and threonyl residues. Higher concentrations (4 mM) of spermine inhibited CK-I activity by about 50%. These results indicate that aortic smooth muscle casein kinase is a CK-I enzyme and that skeletal and smooth muscle CK-I can be modulated by spermine.
G proteins in medicine.

The award of the 1994 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell for the discovery of G (guanine nucleotide–binding) proteins and their role in cellular signal tra...
Localization of shear horizontal surface acoustic waves on a disordered surface

We study the propagation of a surface acoustic wave of shear horizontal polarization in a system that consists of a thin film of one elastic medium bonded to a semi-infinite substrate of a second elastic medium. The mass density of the medium constituting the thin film is assumed to be a random function of the coordinate defining the direction of propagation of the surface acoustic wave. From an examination of a two-surface-wave Green's function, averaged over the ensemble of realizations of the mass density in the film, we find that the shear horizontal surface acoustic wave is localized along its direction of propagation by the random fluctuations of this mass density, and its localization length is determined.
A Dialogue between a Young Lesbian Counseling Student and an Older Straight Male Counselor Educator.

(2005). A Dialogue Between a Young Lesbian Counseling Student and an Older Straight Male Counselor Educator. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 99-105.
Community and Organization in the New Left, 1962-1968: The Great Refusal

Did New Left activists have an opportunity to start a revolution that they simply could not bring off? Was their rejection of conventional forms of political organization a fatal flaw or were the apparent weaknesses of the movement -- the lack of central authority, the distrust of politics -- actually hidden strengths? Wini Breines traces the evolution of the New Left movement through the Free Speech Movement, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), and SDS's community organization projects. For Breines, the movement's goal of participatory decision-making, even when it was not achieved, made up for its failure to take practical and direct action. By the late 1960s, antiwar activism contributed to the decline of the New Left, as the movement was flooded with new participants who did not share the founding generation's political experiences or values. Originally published in 1982, Wini Breines's classic work now includes a new preface in which she reassesses, and for the most part affirms, her initial views of the movement. She argues that the movement remains effective in the midst of radical changes in activist movements. Breines also summarizes and evaluates the new and growing scholarship on the 1960s. Her provocative analysis of the New Left remains important today.
In-tube transfection improves the efficiency of gene transfer in primary neuronal cultures.

To facilitate genetic studies in primary neurons, we analyzed the efficiency of cationic lipid-mediated plasmid DNA transfection using adherent and acutely dissociated neuronal suspensions derived from embryonic mouse cortical tissue. Compared to transfections using adherent cultures, the in-tube procedure enhanced the delivery of a GFP reporter plasmid between four- to eight-fold depending on the age of the harvested embryo. The procedure required relatively brief complex incubation times, and supported the transfection of cells expressing the neuronal markers NeuN and TuJ1 with improved uniformity in transfection events across the well surface. To demonstrate the utility of this approach in studying the genetic mechanisms controlling neuron development, we provide data regarding the role of the bZIP transcription factor c/EBP-β in regulating neurite outgrowth. It is anticipated that this in vitro protocol will facilitate the identification of novel genes involved in both developmental and disease-relevant signaling pathways.