cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abolition of Dopaminergic Insulin Secretion by β-Adrenergic Antagonism

To determine whether the insulinotropic effects of dopamine were mediated through the adrenergic system, dogs were infused with dopamine before or after various combinations of adrenergic and cholinergic blockade. Plasma glucose levels did not change significantly throughout the individual experiments, although cardiovascular effects from both blockade and dopamine infusion were demonstrated. The pronounced in vivo insulinotropic effects of dopamine were abolished by β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol and all subsequent combinations of propranolol, phentolamine, and atropine. These results contrast with the in vitro suppression of insulin by dopamine, which is abolished by α-adrenergic blockade by phentolamine. Therefore, it may be concluded that the prevention of dopamine effects on insulin secretion by adrenergic antagonism is evidence that dopamine exerts its effects on the B cell directly or indirectly through the adrenergic system.
Further Application of the Care Transitions Intervention: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in a Fee-For-Service Setting

The study objective was to test whether a self-care model for transitional care that has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in Medicare Advantage populations--The Care Transitions Intervention--could also improve outcomes in a Medicare fee-for-service population. Intervention patients were less likely to be readmitted to a hospital in general and for the same condition that prompted their index hospitalization at 30, 90, and 180 days versus control patients. Coaching chronically ill older patients and their caregivers to ensure that their needs are met during care transitions may reduce the rate of subsequent rehospitalization in a Medicare fee-for-service population.
A 12b 1GS/s SiGe BiCMOS two-way time-interleaved pipeline ADC

Pipelined ADCs designed in analog BiCMOS technologies can offer good linearity and high SNR performance for input signals with reasonable voltage swings. Such ADCs, however, face two critical design challenges: the process limits the sampling rate, and the pipeline architecture limits power efficiency. This paper introduces a two-way time-interleaved (TI) switched-current 1Gs/s 12b pipelined ADC in SiGe BiCMOS that addresses these issues.
Participatory urban sensing: Challenges and opportunities

Smartphones have become a pervasive technology as they are not only a powerful multimedia device but also offer a rich sensing platform with a plethora of built-in sensors, such as temperature, light, GPS, accelerometers, and so on. Smartphones also provide multiple wireless interfaces (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular) to connect to the external sensors and the Internet. This has led to what is called participatory urban sensing in which users participate in the sensing campaign by continuously monitoring the surrounding environ-ment, collecting and transmitting multi-modal data streams. For example, users may send sensed information and opinions about current events (e.g., weather condition, real-time traffic or accidents, environmental noise and pollution monitoring, crime scenes, healthcare, social sensing, physical activity and well-being), thus leading to important inferences and decision making. This talk will highlight the challenges and unique opportunities in the emerging field of participatory urban sensing. Significant challenges include energy efficiency (i.e., battery life) of mobile devices, spatio-temporal uncertainty, sensing coverage and localization, user incentives for participation, reliability and quality of sensed data, big data and scaling issues, location and data privacy, trust and security. New solutions will be presented to address some of these issues along with experimental results from Android phones. The talk will be concluded with directions for future research.
Critical Weights of Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Larvae in Relation to Square Desiccation and Natural Mortality

Starvation of immature boll weevils resulting from square desiccation is considered a major determinant of natural mortality. However, the critical weight below which a larva cannot complete development without further feeding has not been determined. Critical weights of second and third instars were investigated using food-removal techniques, and the age and size distributions of larvae in newly abscised squares were estimated from field collections. Second instars examined averaged 3.22 mg in weight and ranged from 0.23 to 5.55 mg. About 80% of second instars weighing ≥1.67 mg molted, but none pupated. The estimated critical weight for 50% of unfed second instars to survive to third instar was 2.49 mg. Third instars examined averaged 14.64 mg in weight and ranged from 1.81 to 34.43 mg. About 64% of third instars weighing ≥5.29 mg developed into adults, ranging in weight from 1.61 to 21.49 mg and averaging 10.44 mg. Estimated critical weights for 50% of unfed third instars to survive to the pupal and adult stages were 6.63 and 8.89 mg, respectively. The estimated critical weight for 50% of pupae to survive to adulthood was 4.52 mg. Larvae collected from newly abscised squares were predominantly second (56%) and third instars (39%). Furthermore, an estimated 19% of all larvae collected were capable of development to adulthood without further feeding. In light of the rapid rate of larval growth and development, our results suggest that square desiccation sufficient to deter feeding by larvae must occur within 1–3 d of square abscission to produce a high proportion of starvation-induced mortality.
Laguerre polynomials with Galois group Am for each m

Abstract In 1892, D. Hilbert began what is now called Inverse Galois Theory by showing that for each positive integer m, there exists a polynomial of degree m with rational coefficients and associated Galois group S m , the symmetric group on m letters, and there exists a polynomial of degree m with rational coefficients and associated Galois group A m , the alternating group on m letters. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, I. Schur found concrete examples of such polynomials among the classical Laguerre polynomials except in the case of polynomials with Galois group A m where m ≡ 2 ( mod 4 ) . Following up on work of R. Gow from 1989, this paper complements the work of Schur by showing that for every positive integer m ≡ 2 ( mod 4 ) , there is in fact a Laguerre polynomial of degree m with associated Galois group A m .
Performance of Clinical and Laparoscopic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Upper Genital Tract Infection

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the standard minimal clinical criteria and the laparoscopic triad of tubal edema, erythema, and purulent exudate used to diagnose acute upper genital tract infection. Methods: Subjects included women who either met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) minimal criteria for acute pelvic inflammatory disease or had other signs of upper genital tract infection (i.e., atypical pelvic pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, or cervicitis). The subjects were evaluated with a baseline interview comprehensive laboratory testing, and either an endometrial biopsy or laparoscopy with endometrial and fimbrial biopsies for definitive diagnosis of upper genital tract infection. Patients were considered positive for upper genital tract infection if they had any of the following findings: 1) histologic evidence of endometritis or salpingitis; 2) laparoscopic visualization of purulent exudate in the pelvis without another source; or 3) positive testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis from the endometrium, fallopian tubes, or pelvis. Results: One hundred twenty-nine women with adequate endometrial samples were evaluated between August 1993 and September 1997, and 62 had complete laparoscopic evaluations. The sensitivities of the CDC's minimal clinical criteria for pelvic inflammatory disease and the laparoscopic triad of edema, erythema, and purulent exudate were 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: Commonly used minimal clinical criteria for pelvic inflammatory disease and the laparoscopic triad of tubal edema, erythema, and purulent exudate have limited sensitivity with correspondingly high false negative rates.
Observation of smectic-A ordering in a solution of rigid-rod-like particles.

We present experimental evidence of the smectic-A (${S}_{A}$) phase in colloidal solutions of tobacco mosaic virus. The smectic-A phase is determined by the observation of a layered structure along the virus alignment direction and a liquidlike order within layers. In our samples, we also observed the characteristic ${S}_{A}$-type focal conic textures and in-layer undulational fluctuations. Our observations confirm the predictions from computer simulations and theory of smectic-A order in the system of hard rods.
Separation of peptides on cellulose phosphate.

Abstract A chromatographic method is described whereby peptides can be isolated and purified by column chromatography on cellulose phosphate with volatile pyridine-acetic acid buffers. The chromatographic behavior of these peptides has been correlated with their length and ionic charge. Attention is drawn to the fact that chromatography on cellulose phosphate cannot only be a useful adjunct to other methods of purifying peptides, but may be of particular usefulness in isolating and purifying certain types of labile Schiff base compounds.
La Collecte des Données Démographiques au Cameroun: Evolution et Problèmes

Les besoins en indicateurs socio-demographiques sont de plus en plus importants dans les pays africains, face a la multiplication des defis economiques, sociaux et politiques a relever. Appliquant chacun selon ses moyens les recommandations de differentes conferences internationales sur la population et le developpement relatives a l’amelioration de la collecte et de la diffusion des donnees sociodemographiques, la plupart des pays africains ont fait des progres significatifs dans ce domaine. Le Cameroun precisement est l’un de pays ou ces progres sont notables mais qui restent en deca des capacites humaines, techniques et financieres dont dispose ce pays. Le present article tente de mettre en evidence dans une analyse factuelle les atouts du Cameroun en matiere de collecte des donnees, notamment sur le plan institutionnel. Le cadre juridique et institutionnel a beaucoup evolue depuis l’independance dans le souci permanent de rationaliser la collecte demographique et d’en augmenter l’utilite sociale. Force est cependant de constater que si les enquetes socio demographiques par sondage ont connu une veritable explosion, en particulier au cours des annees 90 et 2000, les recensements n’ont pas connus le meme succes. Ce bilan mitige est attribuable pour une large part a une utilisation inappropriee des ressources humaines et a une application insuffisante des textes. Les efforts entrepris doivent donc etre poursuivis non seulement pour assurer une plus grande coherence du cadre institutionnel actuel, mais aussi pour rationaliser l’utilisation de la masse de demographes et statisticiens disponibles dans le pays. Ces mesures seront completees avec l’adoption d’une strategie globale et coherente de l’observation demographique pour le Cameroun
Implications of Male and Female Contributions to Sexual Size Dimorphism for Inferring Behavior in the Hominin Fossil Record

Sexual dimorphism is commonly used to directly infer or support reconstructions of social behavior in early hominins. This is often done by comparing the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism to that seen in extant primates and extrapolating a likely social behavior. Such comparisons are of limited value, though, allowing only the inference of strong male–male competition when dimorphism is strong. Recent studies have begun to focus on the selective factors that impact female body size, and thereby size dimorphism. Considerations of changes in male and female size in the fossil record potentially allow insight into the meaning of changes in sexual dimorphism through time. To illustrate, I compare estimates of body mass dimorphism for four hominin taxa to assess changes in male and female size. Assuming that early Homo represents a single taxon, sexual size dimorphism increased in early Homo through an increase in male size, but was subsequently reduced through an increase in female size in Homo erectus. This would imply a significant increase in sexual selection acting on males in early Homo. An increase in female size with a loss of dimorphism in Homo erectus would imply a simultaneous shift in female optimal body size through selection for increased female fecundity, and/or an increase in female resource abundance, coupled with a shift in selection acting on male size. Although none of these inferences are certain, the exercise illustrates the potential for considering how dimorphism changes through time, rather than simply focusing on the magnitude of size dimorphism in isolation.
New therapies for alcohol problems: application to primary care

Primary care physicians are frequently involved in the longitudinal care of patients with alcohol problems and in helping patients to decrease their alcohol consumption. Recent clinical trials provide evidence in support of new treatment strategies for these patients. Brief interventions have been used successfully to reduce alcohol consumption in patients with hazardous and harmful drinking. Twelve-step facilitation, cognitive behavioral, and motivational enhancement therapies have produced sustained drinking reductions in patients with alcohol dependence. Pharmacologic therapies, such as naltrexone and acamprosate, have been effective in decreasing alcohol consumption when provided along with psychosocial counseling in patients with alcohol dependence. The current review highlights the application of these new therapies to primary care physicians' efforts on behalf of their patients with alcohol problems.
Pralatrexate Pharmacology and Clinical Development

Folates are well known to be essential for many cellular processes, including cellular proliferation. As a consequence, antifolates, the fraudulent mimics of folic acid, have been shown to be potent therapeutic agents in many cancers. Over the past several decades, efforts to improve on this class of drugs have met with little success. Recently, one analog specifically designed to have high affinity for the reduced folate carrier, which efficiently internalizes natural folates and antifolates, has been shown to be very active in T-cell lymphoma. Pralatrexate, approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2009, is highly active across many lymphoid malignancies, including chemotherapy-resistant T-cell lymphoma. Emerging combination studies have now shown that pralatrexate is highly synergistic with gemcitabine, histone deacetylase inhibitors like romidepsin and bortezomib. These insights are leading to a number of novel phase I and II combination studies which could challenge existing regimens like CHOP, and improve the outcome of patients with T-cell lymphoma Clin Cancer Res; 19(24); 6657–61. ©2013 AACR .
Photocatalytic purification and remediation of contaminated air and water

Abstract Among the catalytic approaches to environmental remediation, that of heterogeneous photoassisted catalysis, known as ‘photocatalysis’, is the sole example involving utilization of light along with a catalytic solid. This paper surveys the broad range of emerging potential applications for water (contaminant destruction and removal, metal deposition and recovery, sterilization and disinfection) then for air (purification, decontamination, deodorization, bioaerosol removal, self-cleaning surfaces) and presents approaches to increase the efficiency of light and catalyst utilization via periodic illumination and oxidant (ozone, peroxide) addition.
Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO2, and climate change during the ice ages

[1] An idealized general circulation model is constructed of the ocean's deep circulation and CO2 system that explains some of the more puzzling features of glacial-interglacial CO2 cycles, including the tight correlation between atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic temperatures, the lead of Antarctic temperatures over CO2 at terminations, and the shift of the ocean's δ13C minimum from the North Pacific to the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. These changes occur in the model during transitions between on and off states of the southern overturning circulation. We hypothesize that these transitions occur in nature through a positive feedback that involves the midlatitude westerly winds, the mean temperature of the atmosphere, and the overturning of southern deep water. Cold glacial climates seem to have equatorward shifted westerlies, which allow more respired CO2 to accumulate in the deep ocean. Warm climates like the present have poleward shifted westerlies that flush respired CO2 out of the deep ocean.
107 HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV-1) MEDIATED HUMAN HYPOXANTHINE-GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE (HPRT) GENE TRANSFER INTO NEURONAL CELLS

Complete deficiency of HPRT results in a devastating neurological disease, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. We have constructed two vectors derived from HSV-1 containing expressible human HPRT cDNA, designated HSV-HP40 and HSV-HP87. HPRT deficient cultured rat neuronal cells infected with these vectors express human HPRT at levels comparable to those in wild type rat neuronal cells. Stable transformation to the HPRT+ phenotype was observed In 10−3 to 10−4 of infected cells. These vectors were slightly less cytopathic than wild-type HSV-1 (strain KOS). We are attempting to reduce viral cytopathic effect by UV-irradiation of the recombinant virions which renders HSV-1 replication defective while maintaining transforming capacity. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of HSV-1 mediated HPRT gene transfer into neuronal cells. In vivo infection of mice is currently in progress.
Rapid Remission of Conditioned Fear Expression with Extinction Training Paired with Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Background Fearful experiences can produce long-lasting and debilitating memories. Extinction of conditioned fear requires consolidation of new memories that compete with fearful associations. In human subjects, as well as rats, posttraining stimulation of the vagus nerve enhances memory consolidation. Subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder show impaired extinction of conditioned fear. The objective of this study was to determine whether vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can enhance the consolidation of extinction of conditioned fear. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained on an auditory fear conditioning task followed by 1 to 10 days of extinction training. Treatment with vagus nerve or sham stimulation was administered concurrently with exposure to the fear conditioned stimulus. Another group was given VNS and extinction training but the VNS was not paired with exposure to conditioned cues. Retention of fear conditioning was tested 24 hours after each treatment. Results Vagus nerve stimulation paired with exposure to conditioned cues enhanced the extinction of conditioned fear. After a single extinction trial, rats given VNS stimulation demonstrated a significantly lower level of freezing, compared with that of sham control rats. When extinction trials were extended to 10 days, paired VNS accelerated extinction of the conditioned response. Conclusions Extinction paired with VNS is more rapid than extinction paired with sham stimulation. As it is currently approved by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for depression and seizure prevention, VNS is a readily available and promising adjunct to exposure therapy for the treatment of severe anxiety disorders.
Cloth and Its Functions in the Inca State1

YEARS of full-time devotion have been lavished by some students on the description and analysis of the variety and technical excellence of Andean textiles. As Junius Bird, the leading modern student of the craft, has indicated, "some of them rank high among the finest fabrics ever produced."2 Andean interest in cloth can be documented archeologically to have endured for millennia, long before the coming of the Inca. Recent ethnohistoric studies show that this extraordinary imagination in creating a multiplicity of fabrics was functionally matched by the many unexpected political and religious contexts in which cloth was used.
Inflammo-coagulatory response, extrinsic pathway thrombin generation and a new theory of activated clotting time interpretation

When blood is subjected to contact with foreign surfaces, as during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), the whole body inflammatory response is initiated, resulting in the expression of procoagulant molecules on the vascular endothelium and white blood cells. These surface bound procoagulants participate in the extrinsic coagulation pathway. It appears that the primary source of thrombin generation during CPB is due to extrinsic pathway activation. Thrombin not only converts fibrinogen to fibrin, it also acts as a proinflammatory agent resulting in a positive feedback loop or the inflammo-coagulatory response.Extrinsic pathway thrombin generation occurs as a membrane bound event. Membrane bound factors are resistant to heparin/ATIII inhibition. Therefore, the anticoagulant effect of heparin/ATIII is due to thrombin inhibition, not the inhibition of thrombin generation. Interpretation of the activated clotting time (ACT) must take into account the thrombin concentration [T]; this results in the coagulatory ratio...
The asymmetric effects of political pressures on U.S. monetary policy

Abstract A number of studies have estimated reaction functions focusing solely on economic state variables such as inflation and unemployment. Other reaction function studies have focused on political measures as regressors. In this study we include both sets of variables to see if political measures are significant when we control for economic state variables. Reaction functions are estimated for the 1959–91 period and for subperiods corresponding to the tenures of different Federal Reserve Board chairmen. We find significant effects for a measure of political influence on the Federal Reserve for the whole period and some subperiods.
Redundancy and markers of belief in the discourse of political hearings

Abstract This article examines forms of redundancy within the testimony of Dr. Condoleeza Rice, former National Security Advisor to the President of the United States, during the 9/11 Commission Hearings ( 9/11 Commission ; NCTA, 2004 ). Using a critical discourse analysis ( Chouliaraki and Fairclough, 1999 , Fairclough, 1995 , Fairclough, 1998 ) to investigate redundancy—facilitative and non-facilitative—as a potentially evasive pragmatic device in political discourse, I then turn to focus on markers of belief ( Chafe, 1986 ) as possible indicators of non-facilitative redundancy. Consequently, strategies for identifying evasive language under interrogation are suggested. In essence, by not giving direct answers, the examples underscore the creative and powerful crafting of political discourse by skilled speakers to assuage the appearance of culpability in actions or inactions which could prove politically damaging while providing “appropriate” responses ( Berlin, 2007 , Harris, 1991 , Janney, 2002 ) within the context of an investigative hearing.
Travel broadens the mind

The onset of locomotion heralds one of the major life transitions in early development and involves a pervasive set of changes in perception, spatial cognition, and social and emotional development. Through a synthesis of published and hitherto unpublished findings, gathered from a number of converging research designs and methods, this article provides a comprehensive review and reanalysis of the consequences of self-produced locomotor experience. Specifically, we focus on the role of locomotor experience in changes in social and emotional development, referential gestural communication, wariness of heights, the perception of self-motion, distance perception, spatial search, and spatial coding strategies. Our analysis reveals new insights into the specific processes by which locomotor experience brings about psychological changes. We elaborate these processes and provide new predictions about previously unsuspected links between locomotor experience and psychological function. The research we describe is relevant to our broad understanding of the developmental process, particularly as it pertains to developmental transitions. Although acknowledging the role of genetically mediated developmental changes, our viewpoint is a transactional one in which a single acquisition, in this case the onset of locomotion, sets in motion a family of experiences and processes that in turn mobilize both broad-based and context-specific psychological reorganizations. We conclude that, in infancy, the onset of locomotor experience brings about widespread consequences, and after infancy, can be responsible for an enduring role in development by maintaining and updating existing skills.
No evidence for behavioural adaptations to nematode parasitism by the fly Drosophila putrida.

Behavioural adaptations of hosts to their parasites form an important component of the evolutionary dynamics of host–parasite interactions. As mushroom-feeding Drosophila can tolerate deadly mycotoxins, but their Howardula nematode parasites cannot, we asked how consuming the potent mycotoxin α-amanitin has affected this host–parasite interaction. We used the fly D. putrida and its parasite H. aoronymphium, which is both highly virulent and at high prevalence in some populations, and investigated whether adult flies utilize food with toxin to prevent infection in the next generation or consume the toxin to reduce the virulence of an already established infection. First, we found that uninfected females did not prefer to eat or lay their eggs on toxic food, indicating that selection has not acted on the flies to alter their behaviour towards α-amanitin to prevent their offspring from becoming infected by Howardula. However, we cannot rule out that flies use an alternate cue that is associated with toxin presence in the wild. Second, we found that infected females did not prefer to eat food with α-amanitin and that consuming α-amanitin did not cure or reduce the virulence of the parasite in adults that were already infected. In sum, our results indicate there are no direct effects of eating α-amanitin on this host–parasite interaction, and we suggest that toxin tolerance is more likely maintained by selection due to competition for resources than as a mechanism to avoid parasite infection or to reduce the virulence of infection.
Chromatography of a Triton extracted beef cardiac cytochrome c1 preparation on diethylaminoethyl cellulose

Resume Lors de la chromatographie sur diethylaminoethyl cellulose de proteines membranaires extraites des mitochondries par le Triton X-100, nous avons observe deux fractions chromatographiques contenant le cytochrome c 1 . Une des fractions est eluee de la diethylaminoethyl cellulose simplement par des tampons aqueux, et l'autre est eluee par les memes tampons apres addition du detergent non ionique Triton X-100. Les deux formes sont presentes en proportions equimolaires, et chacune conserve ses proprietes chromatographiques initiales lors d'une nouvelle chromatographie, sans conversion d'une forme dans l'autre.
Permeable Pavement Demonstration at the Edison Environmental Center

There are few studies of full-scale, outdoor, replicated, functioning pervious pavement systems. More studies of pervious pavement operating in its intended use (parking lot, roadway, etc.) during a range of climatic events, daily usage conditions, and maintenance regimes are necessary in order to properly evaluate these systems. In accordance with this research need, the EPA's Urban Watershed Management Branch has installed an instrumented, working full-scale 110-space pervious pavement parking lot in Edison, NJ. EPA plans to monitor several environmental stressors in effluent and runoff. This parking lot demonstration site investigates differences among side-by-side pervious asphalt, pervious concrete, and permeable interlocking concrete paver systems. The parking lot consists of three sets of parking rows, each one surfaced with a different pervious pavement type, and driving lanes surfaced with conventional asphalt. The pervious pavement parking areas contain replicated subsections to collect the infiltrating water as well as sections that allow the filtered effluent to infiltrate into the underlying soil. The replication allows for statistical analyses of collected data. Investigated parameters include: volume, temperature, solids, indicator organisms, nutrients, metals, and semi-volatile organic compounds.
Community Participation of People with Mental Health Issues within an Urban Environment

Photovoice is an action research methodology in which people create/share photographs with stakeholders to generate personal and community change. In this study, people with mental health issues used photovoice to explore questions about community participation within an urban environment. Identified areas of occupation include spending time with friends, daily living tasks, and managing symptoms. Facilitators to community participation include access to supports, transportation, and making friends. Factors limiting participation include the risks for stigmatization, homelessness, and medication side effects. Implications for occupational therapy intervention include supporting participants’ community participation by developing friendships/supports and addressing the ongoing demands of symptom management.
344 IS THERE REALLY A GENTAMICIN DOSE SCHEDULE FOR NEONATES

Recent evidence suggests the need to modify the gentamicin (G) dose regimen for neonates. To determine the appropriate drug schedule we measured 587 gentamicin serum levels (G.S.L.) on 150 neonates, (G.A. 25-43 wks. and B.W. 680-4820 gms.) admitted to our NICU. When we used the standard dose of 2.5 mg/kg q 12 H our results during the first 2 days of life revealed trough levels > 2 ug/ml in 53.6% (42/78), suggesting possible G accumulation, and peak levels > 8 ug/ml in 18% (14/78) and 37 wks., 2.0-2.5 mg/kg q 12 H. Subsequent results showed a marked decrease in babies withe elevated trough levels (> 2 ug/ml) to 16.6% (12/72). Peak levels >8 ug/ml decreased to 6.8% (5/72). However, peak levels <4 ug/ml increased to 27% (20/72). In addition, 61 of these infants had follow-up G.S.L. determinations which showed that 44.3% (27/61) required further adjustments to their initial dose regimens. Most of these cases had neonatal asphyxia and/or severe cardiopulmonary disorders. In conclusion, there is really no true gentamicin dose schedule for the neonate. However, until the significance of toxic drug levels for newborns become more clearly defined, we recommend an initial dose based on weight and gestational age which then needs to be adjusted by frequent G.S.L. measurements.
Like a river: The Million Man March and the black nationalist tradition in the United States

This article examines the Million Man March in the wider context of black nationalism, a persistent, though inconsistent, factor in African American life, enjoying wider currency at some historical junctures than others. Those periods when black nationalism resonated strongly among African Americans are called black nationalist moments, four of which are identified here. The Million Man March, with its heavy inflection of patriarchy and black capitalism, is seen as the iconic event of the fourth moment. The subsequent Million Woman March is pivoted as a more radical and activist rejoinder to the Million Man March, a response continued by the even more recent Black Radical Congress.
Acceptance and Dasein

Abstract Acceptance is often treated as a unitary concept in psychological usage, leading to unnecessary misunderstandings. This paper analyzes the notion into its common usages and elaborates on the less common idea of radical acceptance as the form of interest in a therapeutic context. One possible mechanism of therapeutic change through acceptance is illustrated with an experiential narrative. Through comparison with ideas from Heidegger and Buber, acceptance is shown to be intimately involved in the very nature of our being in the world, hence of interest to persons pursuing authenticity or wholeness for themselves and with others.
Flux Coupling in the Human Serotonin Transporter

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) transporter (SERT) catalyzes the movement of 5HT across cellular membranes. In the brain, SERT clears 5HT from extracellular spaces, modulating the strength and duration of serotonergic signaling. SERT is also an important pharmacological target for antidepressants and drugs of abuse. We have studied the flux of radio-labeled 5HT through the transporter stably expressed in HEK-293 cells. Analysis of the time course of net transport, the equilibrium 5HT gradient sustained, and the ratio of the unidirectional influx to efflux of 5HT indicate that mechanistically, human SERT functions as a 5HT channel rather than a classical carrier. This is especially apparent at relatively high [5HT](out) (> or =10 microM), but is not restricted to this regime of external 5HT.
A Novel Target and Approach for Identifying Antivirals against Molluscum Contagiosum Virus

The dermatological disease molluscum contagiosum (MC) presents as lesions restricted solely to the skin. The poxvirus molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) is responsible for this skin disease that is easily transmitted through casual contact among all populations, with greater frequency in children and immunosuppressed individuals. In addition, sexual transmission of MCV in adolescents and adults is a health concern. Although the skin lesions ultimately resolve in immunocompetent individuals, they can persist for extended periods, be painful, and result in scarring. Treatment is problematic, and there is no drug that specifically targets MCV. The inability of MCV to propagate in cell culture has impeded drug development. To overcome these barriers, we integrated three new developments. First, we identified a new MCV drug target (mD4) that is essential for processive DNA synthesis in vitro. Second, we discovered a small chemical compound that binds to mD4 and prevents DNA synthesis in vitro. Third, and most significant, we engineered a hybrid vaccinia virus (mD4-VV) in which the natural vaccinia D4 (vD4) gene is replaced by the mD4 target gene. This hybrid virus is dependent on mD4 for viral growth in culture and is inhibited by the small compound. This target system provides, for the first time, a platform and approach for the discovery and evaluation of new therapeutics that can be used to treat MC.
First principle calculations of benzotriazole adsorption onto clean Cu(1 1 1)

Abstract The adsorption of benzotriazole (BTAH or C6N3H5) on a Cu(1 1 1) surface is investigated by using first principle density functional theory calculations (VASP). It is found that BTAH can be physisorbed (
Arginine inhibition of glutamate utilization.

Abstract Arginine competitively inhibits the utilization of either glutamic acid or glutamine in Streptococcus lactis 8039, the inhibition indices for maximal inhibition being 2–5 and approximately 2000, respectively. Combinations of glutamic acid and glutamine exert additive rather than synergistic effects in reversing the inhibition. Proline increases the inhibition index approximately two-fold over a 10-fold range of concentrations of glutamine. Aspartic acid, the toxicity of which is also reversed by glutamic acid or glutamine, exerts a synergistic effect with arginine in inhibiting S. lactis 8039. These results are consistent with the interpretation that arginine competitively prevents the utilization of either glutamate and less effectively glutamine for biosyntheses including that of proline by a mechanism different from aspartic acid inhibition.
Software feature model recommendations using data mining

Feature Models are popular tools for describing software product lines. Analysis of feature models has traditionally focused on consistency checking (yielding a yes/no answer) and product selection assistance, interactive or offline. In this paper, we describe a novel approach to identify the most critical decisions in product selection/configuration by taking advantage of a large pool of randomly generated, generally inconsistent, product variants. Range Ranking, a data mining technique, is utilized to single out the most critical design choices, reducing the job of the human designer to making less consequential decisions. A large feature model is used as a case study; we show preliminary results of the new approach to illustrate its usefulness for practical product derivation.
A Note on Modeling Mixing in Stably Stratified Flows

Abstract In a recent paper, Canuto et al. made a crucial contribution to modeling mixing in stably stratified flows by discovering that a modification to one of the closure constants can push the critical gradient Richardson number RiCR, beyond which turbulence is extinguished, to infinity. In this note, following their approach, the Kantha model is modified to yield a value of infinity for RiCR. The results are in good agreement with both the Canuto et al. results and the data presented in their paper.
A 10V fully-integrated bidirectional SC ladder converter in 0.13µm CMOS using nested-bootstrapped switch cells

This paper presents a fully-integrated bidirectional SC ladder converter in 0.13μm 1.2V/3.3V triple-well CMOS with peak output voltage of ~10V. The converter actively drives a 5nF mm-sized piezo-electric robotic wing while following <;500Hz arbitrary waveforms at ~3x step-up conversion. High voltage drive signals for the power switches are developed using a new voltage-distributed nested-bootstrapping technique for full range bidirectionality. Peak efficiency is 77% at ~800μW load with 9V output.
Making no Bones About it: Bone Mineral Density Changes Seasonally in a Nonhibernating Alaskan Rodent

High-latitude voles and lemmings undergo strong seasonal changes in their behavior and physiology, which may lead to concurrent changes in bone mineral density (BMD). We tested whether the BMD of northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) in Alaska changed seasonally, and if so, whether these changes in their weight-bearing bones were correlated with seasonal changes in photoperiod (a mediator of activity and concentrations of reproductive hormones in high-latitude voles and lemmings), body mass, body length, or a combination of these. We used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to measure the BMD of the femur and humerus of voles collected in different seasons. BMDs increased dramatically from the start of spring to their peak level in early summer, and then decreased gradually to their lowest point in late winter. BMDs were significantly lower in fall and winter than in spring and early summer. BMDs of long bones were significantly correlated with both body mass and photoperiod, which accounted for 46.2% and 45.7% of the variation in the BMDs of femur and humerus, respectively. The strong changes that we observed in BMD are likely to be due, in part, to the combined effects of strong seasonal changes in body mass, activity, and baseline levels of reproductive hormones.
Integration of Morphological Data Sets for Phylogenetic Analysis of Amniota: The Importance of Integumentary Characters and Increased Taxonomic Sampling

Several mutually exclusive hypotheses have been advanced to explain the phylogenetic position of turtles among amniotes. Traditional morphology-based analyses place turtles among extinct anapsids (reptiles with a solid skull roof), whereas more recent studies of both morphological and molecular data support an origin of turtles from within Diapsida (reptiles with a doubly fenestrated skull roof). Evaluation of these conflicting hypotheses has been hampered by nonoverlapping taxonomic samples and the exclusion of significant taxa from published analyses. Furthermore, although data from soft tissues and anatomical systems such as the integument may be particularly relevant to this problem, they are often excluded from large-scale analyses of morphological systematics. Here, conflicting hypotheses of turtle relationships are tested by (1) combining published data into a supermatrix of morphological characters to address issues of character conflict and missing data; (2) increasing taxonomic sampling by more than doubling the number of operational taxonomic units to test internal relationships within suprageneric ingroup taxa; and (3) increasing character sampling by approximately 25% by adding new data on the osteology and histology of the integument, an anatomical system that has been historically underrepresented in morphological systematics. The morphological data set assembled here represents the largest yet compiled for Amniota. Reevaluation of character data from prior studies of amniote phylogeny favors the hypothesis that turtles indeed have diapsid affinities. Addition of new ingroup taxa alone leads to a decrease in overall phylogenetic resolution, indicating that existing characters used for amniote phylogeny are insufficient to explain the evolution of more highly nested taxa. Incorporation of new data from the soft and osseous components of the integument, however, helps resolve relationships among both basal and highly nested amniote taxa. Analysis of a data set compiled from published sources and data original to this study supports monophyly of Amniota, Synapsida, Reptilia, Parareptilia, Eureptilia, Eosuchia, Diapsida, Neodiapsida, Sauria, Lepidosauria, and Archosauriformes, as well as several more highly nested divisions within the latter two clades. Turtles are here resolved as the sister taxon to a monophyletic Lepidosauria (squamates + Sphenodon), a novel phylogenetic position that nevertheless is consistent with recent molecular and morphological studies that have hypothesized diapsid affinities for this clade.
Tree age, disturbance history, and carbon stocks and fluxes in subalpine Rocky Mountain forests

Forest carbon stocks and fluxes vary with forest age, and relationships with forest age are often used to estimate fluxes for regional or national carbon inventories. Two methods are commonly used to estimate forest age: observed tree age or time since a known disturbance. To clarify the relationships between tree age, time since disturbance and forest carbon storage and cycling, we examined stands of known disturbance history in three landscapes of the southern Rocky Mountains. Our objectives were to assess the similarity between carbon stocks and fluxes for these three landscapes that differed in climate and disturbance history, characterize the relationship between observed tree age and time since disturbance and quantify the predictive capability of tree age or time since disturbance on carbon stocks and fluxes. Carbon pools and fluxes were remarkably similar across the three landscapes, despite differences in elevation, climate, species composition, disturbance history, and forest age. Observed tree age was a poor predictor of time since disturbance. Maximum tree age overestimated time since disturbance for young forests and underestimated it for older forests. Carbon pools and fluxes were related to both tree age and disturbance history, but the relationships differed between these two predictors and were generally less variable for pools than for fluxes. Using tree age in a relationship developed with time since disturbance or vice versa increases errors in estimates of carbon stocks or fluxes. Little change in most carbon stocks and fluxes occurs after the first 100 years following stand-replacing disturbance, simplifying landscape scale estimates. We conclude that subalpine forests in the Central Rocky Mountains can be treated as a single forest type for the purpose of assessment and modeling of carbon, and that the critical period for change in carbon is < 100 years.
Statistical prediction of terrestrial water storage changes in the Amazon Basin using tropical Pacific and North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies

Floods and droughts frequently affect the Ama- zon River basin, impacting transportation, agriculture, and ecosystem processes within several South American coun- tries. Here we examine how sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies influence interannual variability of terrestrial wa- ter storage anomalies (TWSAs) in different regions within the Amazon Basin and propose a statistical modeling frame- work for TWSA prediction on seasonal timescales. Three simple semi-empirical models forced by a linear combina- tion of lagged spatial averages of central Pacific and tropical North Atlantic climate indices (Nino 4 and TNAI) were cal- ibrated against a decade-long record of 3 , monthly TWSAs observed by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Nino 4 was the primary exter- nal forcing in the northeastern region of the Amazon Basin, whereas TNAI was dominant in central and western regions. A combined model using the two indices improved the fit sig- nificantly ( p < 0.05) for at least 64 % of the grid cells within the basin, compared to models forced solely with Nino 4 or TNAI. The combined model explained 66 % of the observed variance in the northeastern region, 39 % in the central and western region, and 43 % for the Amazon Basin as a whole, with a 3-month lead time between the climate indices and the predicted TWSAs. Model performance varied seasonally: it was higher than average during the wet season in the north- eastern Amazon and during the dry season in the central and western region. The predictive capability of the combined model was degraded with increasing lead times. Degradation rates were lower in the northeastern Amazon (where 49 % of the variance was explained using an 8-month lead time versus 69 % for a 1-month lead time) compared to the cen- tral and western Amazon (where 22 % of the variance was explained at 8 months versus 43 % at 1 month). These rela- tionships may contribute to an improved understanding of the climate processes regulating the spatial patterns of flood and drought risk in South America.
Intraocular light scatter in patients with choroideremia

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the extent of intraocular light scatter in patients with choroideremia. Design Prospective case-control study. Participants Twelve male patients with choroideremia who had predominantly minimal or no posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) lens opacities and visual acuities of 20/40 or better and 30 age-similar control subjects with normal vision and no lens opacities were studied. Intervention Intraocular light scatter was measured using a van den Berg Straylightmeter. Main outcome measures Visual acuities, letter contrast sensitivities, Goldmann visual fields using a II4e target, and straylight parameters were obtained for each patient. Lenses were assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy to determine whether there were PSC opacities. The degree of retinal pigment epithelial and choroidal degenerative changes was evaluated from color fundus photographs. Results Three of the patients with choroideremia who had clinically apparent PSC lens opacities showed an increase in intraocular light scatter. More notable was the fact that seven of the remaining nine patients who did not have any clinically apparent changes in the lens also had a considerable increase in the intraocular light scatter as compared to the control subjects. The relative elevations of the log straylight parameters of the patients with choroideremia, as compared to age-similar control subjects, were correlated significantly with their log visual field areas ( r = −0.69, P Conclusions Intraocular light scatter may be increased in patients with choroideremia, even in the absence of clinically observable PSC opacities. It is hypothesized that the increase in light scatter may be caused by changes in the posterior subcapsular region of the lens before the formation of frank PSC cataracts. The increased straylight could, at least in part, account for the disability glare reported by these patients.