cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Color vision polymorphism and its photopigment basis in a callitrichid monkey (Saguinus fuscicollis)

The color vision of five saddle-backed tamarins (Saguinus fuscicollis) was studied. Behavioral tests of color discrimination and spectral sensitivity indicate that this species has a color vision polymorphism. Individual monkeys have either dichromatic or trichromatic color vision. Measurements of the spectral sensitivity of cones on this species were made on nine animals with the technique of electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry. Both the electrophysiological and the behavioral results suggest that there are four classes of cone pigment in this species. In addition to a short wavelength sensitive cone, apparently common to all tamarins, there are three classes of middle to long wavelength cone (lambda max = 545, 557 and 562 nm). Individual animals have either one or two of the latter types. The color vision variation in this species differs for males and females.
Carotenoid enhancement and its role in maintaining blue-green algal (Microcystis aeruginosa) surface blooms1

Ah tract Photosynthetic pigment alteration by Microcystis aeruginosa in surface blooms was related to persistence and dominance by this blue-green alga. The progression of summer blooms coincided with rising carotenoid : chlorophyll a ratios. When analyzed by high performance liqllid chromatography (HPLC), carotenoids exhibited strong in vitro absorbance in the UV and near-UV regions. Increased cellular carotenoid content was accompanied by increased sulfate photosynthesis as well as increased photosynthetic efficiencies in surface Microcystis populations. These data indicate that radiant energy is most effectively utilized as a source of photoreducing power in the presence of elevated cellular carotenoid : chlorophyll a ratios of surface populations. It is concluded that enhanced cellular carotenoid synthesis increases light utilization in the low and middle regions of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) spectrum and provides protection from UV damage. This is shown to have a positive effect on photosynthetic CO, fixation and bloom persistence in surface waters.
Singular Terms, Belief, and Reality*

Summary In this paper the apparent disagreement between Kripke and Frege on the analysis of singular terms is analyzed. It is shown that Frege's theory is basically an analysis of belief, while Kripke's theory is basically an analysis of metaphysical and causal contexts. Tentative arguments are presented for showing that these two types of contexts require different analysis, thus neither Kripke nor Frege can be said to have developed a theory handling all opaque contexts. Resume Dans cet article, j'essaye de jeter les bases d'une juste comparaison entre les conceptions de Frege et de Kripke quant a la necessite et aux modalites epistemiques. Je montre qu'au fond, ils veulent resoudre des problemes differents. On ne peut donc pas dire que l'un ou l'autre ait raison. La comparaison montre egalement des differences importantes entre les modalites logiques et les modalites epistemologiques que la philosophie moderne du langage ne distingue pas clairement. Zusammenfassung Es wird versucht, Freges und Kripkes Begriffe der Notwendigkeit und der episte-mischen Modalitaten ins richtige Licht zu rucken und zu vergleichen. Es wird gezeigt, dass die beiden Autoren verschiedene Probleme losen, weshalb man auch nicht dem einen oder dem andern Recht geben kann. Wichtige Unterscheidungen zwischen den Iogischen und den epistemischen Modalitaten, die in der gegenwartigen Sprachphilosophie ubersehen worden sind, werden herausgearbeitet.
Abstraction of hydrogen by methylene

The photolysis of CD2CO at 313 nm in the presence of neopentane was carried out over the temperature range 576–706 K. Analysis of the products and isotopic analysis of the methanes demonstrate abstraction of H from neopentane and D from CD2CO by methylene. The relative kinetics of abstraction of H and D have been measured over the temperature range, and the absolute value for the collision yield of the abstraction of H from neopentane by CD2 at 653 K has been been estimated to be about 1.5 × 1011 mole−1 cm3 sec−1, a value 103 times larger than the corresponding reaction of CH3.
Evaluation of an islandwide screening, assessment and treatment program

This article reports on the effectiveness of the Islandwide Screening, Assessment, and Treatment Program of the Child Development Project in Bermuda. From 1982 to 1984, approximately 1100 families with 2-year-old children were screened for children's cognitive and language delay, for behaviour management problems and for other home characteristics that put children at risk for later school failure. Children who failed the screening and subsequent assessment procedures (of whom random samples received treatment) and samples of others who passed screening and assessment were evaluated from 1984 to 1986 at 4 years of age. This article focuses on the results of the cognitive and language programs; the more problematic behaviour management analyses were reported elsewhere (Miller and Scarr, 1988). The screening procedures and assessment measures developed for this project were themselves evaluated and adjusted to maximize efficiency and costeffectiveness. The screening and assessment procedures proved effective in bringing to the attention of the Child Development Project those families and children who need developmental services, and in not overidentifying normal children as potentially delayed in development. Two kinds of treatment services were compared: The Mother-Child Home Program (MCHP), administered by paraprofessional toy demonstrators, and other interventions tailored by professionals to the language and cognitive problems of the child (called ‘tailored programs’). Children who were not extremely delayed or disturbed were randomly assigned either to the MCHP or to a tailored program. Neither intervention program was preferable to the other. Even though improved, the 4-year-olds identified as developmentally delayed at 24 months still lagged behind children who passed all parts of screening and those who failed screening but passed assessment 2 years earlier. The screening and assessment procedures were very effective in the early identification of children with developmental problems, but the treatment programs failed to bring most children to normal levels of cognitive and language functioning.
The Seasonal Effects of ENSO on Atmospheric Conditions Associated with European Precipitation: Model Simulations of Seasonal Teleconnections

AbstractThe seasonal upper-tropospheric teleconnection between ENSO and the North Atlantic/European sector is explored through a series of model experiments. A barotropic vorticity equation model is linearized about climatological conditions for each season of the year, and divergence forcing is applied over the equatorial Pacific to mimic El Nino–related convective activity. During boreal fall, winter, and spring, this forcing similarly excites a northeastward-propagating stationary barotropic Rossby wave train that extends across the North Atlantic to the European coast. Strong anomalies develop over the British Isles in the vicinity of the North Atlantic jet exit. Solutions during boreal summer produce no clear wave train; however, evidence exists for a North Atlantic response because of both eastward- and westward-propagating signals. These direct responses over the Atlantic and Europe are qualitatively similar to observed ENSO-associated anomalies during boreal spring and fall, but differ structurall...
Input-to-state stability on formation graphs

Formation stability is now analyzed under a new prism using input-to-state stability (ISS). Formation ISS relates leader input to internal state of the formation and characterizes the way this input affects stability performance. Compared to other notions of stability for interconnected systems, formation ISS does not require attenuation of errors as they propagate, but instead quantifies the amplification and provides worst case bounds. The control interconnections that give rise to the formation are represented by a graph. The formation graphs considered are built from a small number of primitive graphs, the stability properties of which are used to reason about the composite. For the case of linear dynamics, a recursive expression allows the calculation of the bounds using the graph theoretic representation of the formation via the adjacency matrix. Illustrative examples demonstrate how formation ISS can be used as an analysis and a design tool.
Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on Preoviposition Duration and Oviposition of Otiorhynchus ovatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Abstract The influence of temperature and photoperiod on the preoviposition duration and oviposition of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), were studied in strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne Variety ‘Totem’). In one experiment, adults were subjected to constant temperatures from 3 to 33°C at 3°C intervals and in another experiment adults were subjected to four photoperiods at 21°C. Oviposition was monitored for all treatments. Adults fed at all temperatures from 3 to 33°C and oviposited at temperatures between 18 and 30°C. The longest preoviposition period (32 d) and the fewest total number of eggs (2) were observed at 18°C. The shortest preoviposition period (15 d) and the largest total number of eggs (282) were observed at 27°C. A temperature range of 21–27°C appeared to be optimum for oviposition. Within this range, the lowest mortality, shortest preoviposition period, longest oviposition period, and greatest total number of eggs were observed. Weevils oviposited at all photoper...
Some Theoretical Details

In Section 19.4, we include proofs of several of the properties of conditional expectation, in order to exhibit the character of the underlying theoretical structure. In this appendix, we discuss the proofs of the other properties included in the table properties of conditional expectation. In a few cases, proofs require measure-theoretic results beyond the scope of this book. In those cases, we sketch the ideas of the proofs in a manner that should aid the interested and prepared reader to consult the literature. We refer to the properties by the numbers in the table. As in the table, we assume the indicated integrability of random variables and functions of random vectors.
Differences in the circular dichroic spectra of various species serum albumin complexes with novobiocin.

Abstract The circular dichroic spectra of 8 different species albumin-novobiocin complexes appear to be unique. In the spectral region of interest a chromophore of the novobiocin is perturbed by the complexing with the albumin. Each species albumin imparts a different amount of perturbation which results in a unique circular dichroic spectrum. At least a part of this perturbation is a conformational change induced in the drug.
Cascaded detector for multiple high-PRF pulse Doppler radars

A postdetection design methodology for a multiple high-pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) pulse Doppler radar has been developed. The postdetection processor consists of an M out of N detector where range and target ambiguities are resolved, followed by a square-law detector which enhances the minimum signal-to-noise (S/N) power-ratio per pulse burst performance. For given probabilities of false alarm and detection, formulas are derived from which the three thresholds associated with the cascaded detector can be found. Fundamental tradeoffs between the minimum S/N required, number of ghosts, and the number of operations (NOPs) that the cascaded detector must perform are identified. It is shown that the NOPs and the number of ghosts increase and the minimum S/N required decreases as the binary M out of N detector passes more detections to the square-law detector. >
Holocene dynamics of the Rhone Glacier, Switzerland, deduced from ice flow models and cosmogenic nuclides

Abstract We describe efforts to model the Holocene extent of the Rhone Glacier, Switzerland, using four paleoclimate records as templates for paleo-equilibrium line altitude to identify candidate driving mechanisms of glaciers in the Alps. We evaluate the success of each paleoclimate template by comparing cosmogenic 10 Be and 14 C concentrations in pro-glacial bedrock derived from modeled glacier configurations to measured values. An adequate fit can be obtained using mean summer insolation for 46.5°N. However, use of the Dongee Cave, China, speleothem record yields the best fit by accounting for both sub-millennial (e.g. Little Ice Age and Medieval Warm Period) and multi-millennial climate variations (summer insolation). Our result indicates that glaciers in the Alps primarily responded to changes in insolation during the Holocene were smaller than today during the early Holocene when insolation was relatively high, and became larger during the mid to late Holocene. Superimposed on the first-order insolation response were shorter, sometimes large amplitude, length changes in response to short-lived climate events such as the Medieval Warm Period and the LIA.
Expression of candidate tumor markers in ovarian carcinoma and benign ovary: Evidence for a link between epithelial phenotype and neoplasia

EpCAM, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA)-mucin 1 (MUC1), mesothelin, and CD9 have been reported to be overexpressed at the RNA level in ovarian carcinomas. By using immunohistochemistry, we profiled the protein expression of these gene products in ovarian carcinoma tissues and compared them with benign ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and cortical inclusion cysts (CICs). Immunoreactivity for EMA and calretinin were used to define epithelial and mesothelial differentiation in nontumor tissues, respectively. Papillary serous (n = 16) and endometrioid (n = 10) tumors were immunopositive for EMA/MUC1 (100%), mesothelin (75% and 30%, respectively), CD9 (88% and 90%, respectively), and EpCAM (100%). All ovarian carcinomas and carcinoma cell lines tested were negative for calretinin. In nonneoplastic ovary, both OSE and CICs ranged from flat-to-cuboidal to stratified and ciliated in appearance. OSE with a cuboidal morphology had a similar immunoreactivity as omental peritoneum, expressing calretinin, mesothelin, and CD9. In contrast, CICs with stratified and ciliated epithelium show expression patterns similar to those in fallopian tubes. They frequently expressed EMA, EpCAM, mesothelin, and CD9. This immunophenotype is preserved in ovarian carcinomas, suggesting that Mullerian metaplasia signals the acquisition of these markers and that their expression is maintained in ovarian carcinomas that originate from this epithelium.
Parents Explain More Often to Boys Than to Girls During Shared Scientific Thinking

Young children's everyday scientific thinking often occurs in the context of parent-child interactions. In a study of naturally oc- curring family conversation, parents were three times more likely to explain science to boys than to girls while using interactive science exhibits in a museum. This difference in explanation occurred despite the fact that parents were equally likely to talk to their male and fe- male children about how to use the exhibits and about the evidence generated by the exhibits. The findings suggest that parents engaged in informal science activities with their children may be unintentionally contributing to a gender gap in children's scientific literacy well be- fore children encounter formal science instruction in grade school.
Effect of reduced gravity on the preferred walk-run transition speed

We investigated the effect of reduced gravity on the human walk-run gait transition speed and interpreted the results using an inverted-pendulum mechanical model. We simulated reduced gravity using an apparatus that applied a nearly constant upward force at the center of mass, and the subjects walked and ran on a motorized treadmill. In the inverted pendulum model for walking, gravity provides the centripetal force needed to keep the pendulum in contact with the ground. The ratio of the centripetal and gravitational forces (mv2/L)/(mg) reduces to the dimensionless Froude number (v2/gL). Applying this model to a walking human, m is body mass, v is forward velocity, L is leg length and g is gravity. In normal gravity, humans and other bipeds with different leg lengths all choose to switch from a walk to a run at different absolute speeds but at approximately the same Froude number (0.5). We found that, at lower levels of gravity, the walk-run transition occurred at progressively slower absolute speeds but at approximately the same Froude number. This supports the hypothesis that the walk-run transition is triggered by the dynamics of an inverted-pendulum system.
Billowing Of Endologix Powerlink Stent Mimicking Endoleaks

Introduction: Endoleaks remains one of the primary concerns of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and is routinely followed with CT angiography (CTA). However, certain imaging findings can mimic endoleaks. Case Presentation: A 65-year-old woman who had endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with Endologix Powerlink system developed marked new circumferential cauliflower-like bulging of contrast-filled sacs at mid-stent-graft with enlargement of the excluded aneurysm at 3-year follow-up. Conclusions: Considering the unique construct of the Powerlink stents, this is thought to represent aneurysmal degeneration of the outer fabric material from the metal struts and may potentially pressurize the excluded sac with risk for rupture.
Video Game Addiction: What can we learn from a media neuroscience perspective?

In recent years, video game addiction has received considerable empirical attention. Unfortunately, this research is stymied by inconsistencies in both conceptual and operational definitions of video game addiction. Moreover, the use of several video game addiction scales makes it difficult to estimate the prevalence and potential effects of video game addiction. While game genre is often treated as a predictor of video game addiction, existing measures often downplay the structural and social characteristics of video games that may contribute to behavioral outcomes such as increased playing time and addiction. In an effort to provide the clarity necessary to overcome these issues, we review research on video game addiction with a focus on the largely ignored unique characteristics of video games that are crucial for a more complete conceptualization of video game addiction. With this review in mind, we offer a conceptual framework for the integration of video game addiction within the broader context of behavioral addictions. Finally, we consider the neurological foundation of addiction and suggest opportunities for media neuroscientists to increase understanding and prediction of video game addiction and explore how game content features interact with reward systems in the brain.
A Pore Idea: the ion conduction pathway of TMEM16/ANO proteins is composed partly of lipid

Since their first descriptions, ion channels have been conceived as proteinaceous conduits that facilitate the passage of ionic cargo between segregated environments. This concept is reinforced by crystallographic structures of cation channels depicting ion conductance pathways completely lined by protein. Although lipids are sometimes present in fenestrations near the pore or may be involved in channel gating, there is little or no evidence that lipids inhabit the ion conduction pathway. Indeed, the presence of lipid acyl chains in the conductance pathway would curse the design of the channel's aqueous pore. Here, we make a speculative proposal that anion channels in the TMEM16/ANO superfamily have ion conductance pathways composed partly of lipids. Our reasoning is based on the idea that TMEM16 ion channels evolved from a kind of lipid transporter that scrambles lipids between leaflets of the membrane bilayer and the modeled structural similarity between TMEM16 lipid scramblases and TMEM16 anion channels. This novel view of the TMEM16 pore offers explanation for the biophysical and pharmacological oddness of TMEM16A. We build upon the recent X-ray structure of nhTMEM16 and develop models of both TMEM16 ion channels and lipid scramblases to bolster our proposal. It is our hope that this model of the TMEM16 pore will foster innovative investigation into TMEM16 function.
Quantifying the similarity between genes and geography across Alaska's alpine small mammals

Aim Quantitatively evaluate the similarity of genomic variation and geography in five different alpine small mammals in Alaska, and use this quantitative assessment of concordance as a framework for refining hypotheses about the processes structuring population genetic variation in either a species-specific or shared manner. Location Alaska and adjacent north-western Canada. Methods For each taxon we generated 3500–7500 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and applied a Procrustes analysis to find an optimal transformation that maximizes the similarity between principal components analysis maps of genetic variation and geographical maps of sample locations. We generate stability maps using projected distributions from ecological niche models of the Last Glacial Maximum and the present. Results Significant similarity between genes and geography exists across taxa. However, the extent to which geography is predictive of patterns of genetic variation not only differs among taxa, but the correspondence between genes and geography varies over space. Geographical areas where genetic structure aligns poorly with the geographical coordinates are of particular interest because they indicate regions where processes other than isolation by distance (IBD) have influenced genetic variation. The clustering of individuals according to their sample location does not support suppositions of admixture, despite the presumed high vagility of some species (e.g. arctic ground squirrels). Main conclusions Genomic data indicate a more nuanced biogeographical history for the taxa than suggested by previous studies based on mtDNA alone. These include departures from IBD that are shared among taxa, which suggest some shared processes structuring genetic variation, including new potential ancestral source populations. In addition, some regions fit expectations of IBD where incremental migration and gene flow play a strong role in population structure, despite any ecological difference among taxa. Differences in dispersal capabilities do not result in different species-specific local patterns of population structure, at least at the sampling scale examined here. We highlight how the general fit to, as well as departures from, expectations for patterns of genetic variation based on the Procrustes analyses can be used to generate hypotheses about the underlying processes.
The Economic Impact of Nutrition Support, and the Multidisciplinary Approach

Increasingly, medical interventions must justify their costs. Both clinical outcome and economic impact have become important. Cost-effectiveness implies measuring both initial and long-term costs and outcomes. Nutrition support in hospitalized patients, then, can be analyzed in this way. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients is common, 30% or more in most reports. This has remained remarkably constant over the last 40 years. If patients are able to eat, nutrition intervention in the form of oral nutritional supplements have been shown to be cost-effective, reducing length of stay and, importantly, readmission rates for up to one year. In patients with gut function, enteral nutrition is clearly more cost effective than parenteral. Parenteral nutrition, the most costly form of support, requires close control of therapy to increase benefits, reduce overprescribing, and manage costs. The classic nutrition support team performs this function. Where these exist, they have been shown to decrease septic and mechanical complications, as well as improving clinical and nutritional outcome. There is a great need for more physician nutrition experts to supervise such teams, as well as increased training for physicians and nurses in general in nutrition.
The Trouble with Common Ground

Tenenberg, Roth and Socha (2016) documents interaction within a paired programming task. The analysis rests on a conceptualization the authors term "We-awareness." "We-awareness", in turn, builds on Tomasello's notion of "shared intentionality" and through it, upon Clark's formulation of Common Ground (CG). In this commentary I review the features of CG. I attempt to show that neither Tomasello's (2014) notion of "shared intentionality" nor Clark's (1996) model of CG-shared develop an adequate treatment of the sequential emergence of subjective meaning. This is a critical problem for CG and other conceptualizations that build upon it (e.g., "shared intentionality", "We-awareness"). And it calls into question their usefulness for building an analytic apparatus for studying mutual awareness at the worksite. I suggest that Schutz's (1953) model of "motive coordination" might serve as a better starting place.
Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis, a New Intermediate Host for the Heterophyid Ascocotyle nana

ABSTRACT: Striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Moronidae), collected from several rivers in South Carolina, U.S.A., were found to be infected with heterophyid metacercariae whose morphology was consistent with Ascocotyle (Phagicola) nana on the basis of descriptions from the literature and via comparison with reference specimens of metacercariae from largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Centrarchidae), a known intermediate host for A. nana. Morphology of metacercariae from both fish species was similar and partial sequencing of their 18S ribosomal DNA gene confirmed that metacercariae from both fish belonged to the same heterophyid species. Young-of-the-year striped bass were not infected and over 65% of the population sampled (N = 39) age 1 yr and older were infected with up to 49 metacercariae per gram of somatic muscle. Mid-line red muscle (lateralis superficialis) had a significantly higher density of metacercariae than epaxial and hypaxial white muscle. Some metacercariae showed signs of degradation...
Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Aminated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

We report the room temperature formation of aminated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-MSNs) by means of co-condensation of different molar ratios of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) in the synthesis feed. The resulting materials are characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. Analysis reveals that an increase in APTES loading (mol %) leads to structural transitions in the MSNs from hexagonal (0–49 mol %) to cubic Pm3n (54–64 mol %) to disordered at very high APTES amounts (69 mol %). Investigation of structural evolution during cubic Pm3n particle synthesis reveals early particle formation stages that are surprisingly similar to those discussed in recent literature on nonclassical single crystal growth. These include significant heterogeneities in particle density despit...
CA-033: Relation entre la variation du poids et le contrôle glycémique avec dulaglutide en administration hebdomadaire chez des patients diabétiques de type 2

Objectif Le dulaglutide, un agoniste du recepteur du GLP-1 a administration hebdomadaire, a ete evalue dans les d'essais cliniques du programme AWARD, chez des patients adultes atteints d'un diabete de type 2. Dans 6 essais comparatifs (head to head) de phase 3, le dulaglutide a entraine une reduction significative de l'HbA 1c et des effets sur le poids. L'objectif de cette analyse a ete d'evaluer la relation entre la variation du poids et le controle glycemique chez des patients traites par dulaglutide. Patients et Methodes Les donnees d'HbA 1c et du poids a 26 semaines dans les six essais AWARD ont ete analysees. En raison des differences dans les schemas des etudes, des traitements de fond et des caracteristiques des patients a l'inclusion, les analyses ont ete conduites par essai et non pas combinees. Resultats Dans les etudes, une reduction de l'HbA 1c a ete observee chez 87 % – 97 % et 83 % – 95 % des patients traites par dulaglutide 1,5mg et 0,75mg, respectivement. Parmi les patients avec une reduction de l'HbA 1c , la majorite des patients ayant recu le dulaglutide 1,5mg a presente aussi une perte de poids (55 % – 83 %), ainsi que 41 % – 79 % du bras dulaglutide 0,75mg. La correlation entre les variations de l'HbA 1c et le poids etait minime ((− 0,3 1c , le poids et l'IMC a l'inclusion n'etaient pas correlees aux reponses ponderales. Conclusions Le dulaglutide a demontre un effet dose-dependant sur la perte de poids et la reduction d'HbA 1c . Le dulaglutide est une option therapeutique efficace, dans l'eventail des traitements du diabete, qui apporte a la fois une reduction d'HbA 1c et une perte de poids.
Quality of life with functional pharyngeal preservation in advanced carcinomas of the base tongue complex using an integrated trimodality approach

Standard management of advanced carcinoma arising from the base of the tongue or infiltrating that region from contiguous areas (henceforth referred to as base of tongue complex [BTC] tumors) with radical surgery and postoperative radiation therapy results in extensive loss of function affecting deglutition, speech, and physical appearance. From January 1995, 16 patients with advanced stage BTC tumors were entered in this phase II study. Eleven patients (74%) had N2-3 neck disease. To optimize neck control, those with clinical N+ nodes at presentation had neck dissection. This was followed by hyperfractionated radiotherapy at 120 cGy twice daily to a median dose of 7,320 cGy to the primary and 6,240 cGy to areas with pathologically positive nodes. Concomitant chemotherapy was administered during weeks 1 and 4 of the radiation therapy using bolus cisplatin 75 to 100 mg/m2 on day 1 and continuous infusional 5-fluorouracil 750 to 1,000 mg/m2/d from days 1 to 4 of each chemotherapy cycle. Survival curves were plotted for various events, using actuarial life table methods. A functional assessment was made at least 1 year after completion of treatment using a previously validated Head/Neck Performance Status Scale. The median follow-up period was 23 months. There was a 100% complete response to the treatment at the primary site. The actuarial 4-year local (primary site) control was 100%, locoregional control (including nodes) was 69%, and disease-specific survival was 70% at 4 years. The predominant acute toxicity (63% incidence) was reversible grade III mucositis resulting in a median of 9 days' interruption in treatment. All of the patients were able to complete the prescribed treatment course, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Quality of Life assessment after treatment examined all facets of oropharyngeal function. Of note, none of the patients required long-term tube feedings. For the nine patients who responded to the functional assessment questionnaire, the results were excellent (score >75). The mean score for ability to eat in public was 75, mean of 76 for normalcy of diet, and 91 for understandability of speech. Concomitant hyperfractionated chemoradiation therapy produced excellent functional preservation with good long-term control in this patient group with historically poor prognosis. A 4-year actuarial local control rate of 69% was obtained, which is comparable to results of radical surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy. Further studies with modifications of fractionation and use of newer chemotherapy agents/radioprotectors will improve on these gains while reducing toxicity.
The Septate Uterus

The septate uterus is the most common of all the uterine anomalies, accounting for about 35 % of all uterine anomalies. It is associated with recurrent miscarriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery. The role of the septate uterus in infertility is controversial. It occurs in 1 % of the fertile population, 3 % of the infertility population, and 5.3 % of the recurrent miscarriage population. The best modalities for diagnosing a septate uterus include a 3D ultrasound, with or without saline infusion, and an MRI. Hysteroscopic metroplasty improves reproductive outcomes in women with recurrent miscarriage and is a simple, well-tolerated procedure with a low complication rate.
Red cells - Aging gracefully in the blood bank

Since the advent of clinical blood transfusions early in the 20th century, transfusion medicine has evolved dramatically. The findings that anticoagulant and preservative solutions can prevent clotting so that blood could be stored before transfusion substantially enhanced the ease, feasibility, and safety of transfusions (Figure 1).1–6 These advances permitted the storage of red-cell units for up to 42 days rather than the need to transfuse fresh blood. However, now one of the major controversies regarding transfusion therapy is whether older blood is harmful, owing to a red-cell “storage lesion.” In vitro data have shown that red cells that are . . .
Abstract B37: Photothermal therapy of glioblastoma multiforme using multiwalled carbon nanotubes optimized for diffusion in extracellular space

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor with a 5 year overall survival rate of approximately 5%. Currently, no therapy is curative and all have significant side effects. Focal thermal ablative therapies that heat malignant tissue to ablative temperatures (>55°C) to induce tumor cell death are being investigated as a novel treatment modality. Such thermal ablative therapies can be enhanced by using nanotechnology, with the addition of nanoparticles. Carbon nanotube mediated thermal therapy (CNMTT) uses lasers that emit near infrared radiation to excite carbon nanotubes (CNTs) localized to the tumor volume to generate localized heat needed for thermal ablation. Clinical translation of CNMTT for GBM will require development of effective strategies to deliver CNTs to tumors, clear structure-activity and structure-toxicity evaluation, and an understanding of the effects of inherent and acquired thermotolerance on the efficacy of treatment. In our studies, we look at the effects of different coatings on multiwalled CNT (MWCNTs) diffusion and show that a dense coating of phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) on MWCNTs allows for better diffusion through brain ECM-mimicking hydrogels, while maintaining the ability to achieve ablative temperatures after laser exposure. We investigate the effects of phospholipid-poly(ethylene glycol) coated MWCNTs on the heat shock response in GBM and show that they do not induce a HSR in GBM cell lines. Activation of the HSR in GBM cells via exposure to sub-ablative temperatures or short term treatment with an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (17-(dimethylaminoethylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG)), induces a protective heat shock response that results in thermotolerance and protects against CNMTT. Finally, we evaluate the potential for CNMTT to selectively heat GBM multicellular spheroids comparing different methods of heat generation in a three dimensional spheroid model. These data provide pre-clinical insight into key parameters needed for translation of CNMTT including nanoparticle delivery through a three-dimensional volume, cytotoxicity, and efficacy for treatment of thermotolerant GBM. Citation Format: Brittany Eldridge, Brian Bernish, Cale Fahrenholtz, Ravi Singh. Photothermal therapy of glioblastoma multiforme using multiwalled carbon nanotubes optimized for diffusion in extracellular space. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
IT Security and Privacy Standards in Comparison: Improving FedRAMP Authorization for Cloud Service Providers

To demonstrate compliance with privacy and security principles, information technology (IT) service providers often rely on security standards and certifications. However, the appearance of new service models such as cloud computing has brought new threats to information assurance, weakening the protection that existing standards can provide. In this study, we analyze four highly regarded IT security standards used to assess, improve, and demonstrate information systems assurance and cloud security. ISO/IEC 27001, SOC 2, C5, and FedRAMP are standards adopted worldwide and constantly updated and improved since the first release of ISO in 2005. We examine their adequacy in addressing current threats to cloud security, and provide an overview of the evolution over the years of their ability to cope with threats and vulnerabilities. By comparing the standards alongside each other, we investigate their complementarity, their redundancies, and the level of protection they offer to information stored in cloud systems. We unveil vulnerabilities left unaddressed in the four frameworks, thus questioning the necessity of multiple standards to assess cloud assurance. We suggest necessary improvements to meet the security requirements made indispensable by the current threat landscape.
A Generalized Decomposition Framework for Large-Scale Transmission Expansion Planning

In this paper, we propose a scalable and configurable decomposition framework for solving large-scale transmission capacity expansion planning with security constraints under uncertainties. This framework is capable of using both progressive hedging and Benders decomposition algorithms to decompose and parallelize a large-scale problem both vertically and horizontally. A scenario bundling method is also developed to create bundles through three steps, i.e., classification, clustering, and grouping with the objective of maximizing similarity between bundles. This bundling method can improve both quality of results (decreasing optimality gap) and performance (reducing computational time) of the proposed framework. To verify capabilities of the proposed method, it is applied to a reduced ERCOT system with 3179 buses, 4458 branches, and 10 scenarios. The numerical result for this case study shows that the proposed framework can make solving large-scale problems tractable, and provides high quality results (with less than $1\%$ optimality gap) in a reasonable time (around 2.8 days).
Benefits of Community Gardening on Quality-of-Life Issues

Abstract A nationwide survey of community gardeners found differences in rankings of the importance of community gardens related to quality-of-life perceptions based on Maslow' hierarchy of human needs model. Race, gender, and city sizes affected perceptions. When comparisons were made among the four racial/ethnic divisions, responses to 18 of the 24 questions were found to be statistically different. Community gardens were especially important to African-American and Hispanic gardeners. Male and female gardeners rated quality-of-life benefits from gardens similarly in importance. However, women placed higher value on the importance of saving money and the beauty within the garden. Gardeners in small, medium, and large metropolitan cities had similar quality-of-life perceptions with only 4 of the 24 statement responses showing significant differences. Significant differences were found in 10 of the 24 statement responses between gardeners of the two large cities of Los Angeles and New York. In most cases,...
Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on catheter-associated urinary tract infections during atrial fibrillation ablation.

Urinary catheter placement is common during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation when performed under general anesthesia. Whether patients undergoing AF ablation would benefit from prophylactic antibiotics is unknown. Patients undergoing AF ablation in a single center from December 2011 until June 2016 were included. All patients received urinary catheters and general anesthesia. After June 2014, patients received antibiotic prophylaxis with a single dose of oral nitrofurantoin and a catheter insertion checklist performed prior to urinary catheter placement. The intervention group (group B) was compared to the pre-intervention group (group A) for development of the primary outcome. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine if any of the covariates were associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) development. There were 452 patients who underwent AF ablation during the analysis period (212 in group A and 240 in group B). The average patient age was 60 years (range 23–85) and 70% of the patients were male. Utilizing an intention to treat approach, there was a significantly lower incidence of CAUTI in the intervention group compared to controls (4.7 vs. 0.83%; OR 0.18, p = 0.029). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to urinary tract infection risk factors or catheter duration. An intervention consisting of a single dose of nitrofurantoin in addition to performance of a catheter insertion checklist prior to urinary catheter insertion decreased CAUTI by 80% in patients undergoing AF ablation. Such interventions may be beneficial to reduce CAUTI in this group of patients.
Discrete element method based analysis of mixing and collision dynamics in adhesive mixing process

Abstract When small amounts of fine particles are mixed with coarser particles, they tend to form ordered or adhesive mixtures. In order to understand the effect of fine particle amount and cohesion on the adhesive mixing process, discrete element method (DEM) simulations are carried out in which cohesion is represented by surface energy. High-intensity vibrational mixing was used to examine two important and related dynamic processes; fine particle deagglomeration and their subsequent adhesion to coarse particles, by analyzing normalized fine-fine (FF) and coarse–fine (CF) particle contact numbers, respectively, along with the mixing quality. It is found that FF contacts decreases with the mixing time, indicating deagglomeration, before reaching equilibrium; while CF contacts, an indicator of coating, as well as mixing quality increase before reaching equilibrium. A major new finding is that the number of fine particles per coarse particle at equilibrium follows lognormal distribution. The time scales to reach equilibrium FF contact number and mixing quality are comparable, indicating that deagglomeration is the dominant factor for achieving a uniform adhesive mixture. As expected, increasing surface energy of fine particles leads to decreased mixing quality due to stronger agglomerates that cannot be broken by collisions. On the other hand, collision rate can dictate mixing quality, as long as the collision energy is greater than the corresponding detachment energy of fine particles agglomerates. Selected experimental results validate the DEM simulations and their ability to describe the adhesive mixing process.
Lakebed Pockmarks in Burlington Bay, Lake Champlain II. Habitat Characteristics and Biological Patterns

Pockmarks are common features on the bottom of Lake Champlain, especially in the central part of the lake, between Burlington, Vermont and Plattsburgh, New York. Pockmarks have the potential to provide a unique bottom environment for biota because of the different water quality and habitat conditions that may exist inside and outside the pockmark. In Burlington Bay, the “General” is a large pockmark, roughly 40 meters in diameter and 4 meters in depth, located in about 28 meters of water. We collected benthic invertebrate samples inside and outside the “General” pockmark, and collected sediment, pore and overlying water for analysis. We also caged zebra mussels inside and outside the pockmark to determine whether varying water quality or food availability in the pockmark would influence these mussels.
Thermodynamics with Maple II—numerical and graphical applications

A computer algebra system (Maple) is used for the construction, display, and analysis of residue curve maps. This problem from engineering thermodynamics presents an interesting array of computational problems ranging from symbolic (for deriving the equations), through numerical (solving systems of nonlinear algebraic equations, systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and systems of differential algebraic equations (DAEs), to graphical (for displaying the results).
The degradation and turnover of fucosylated glycoproteins in the plasma membrane of a neuroblastoma-cell line.

When monolayer cultures of neuroblastoma N2a cells were prelabelled with [3H]fucose to steady state, and then reincubated in complete medium in the presence of unlabelled 40mm-l-fucose, there was a rapid metabolism of fucosylated cellular macromolecules and the specific radioactivity of the acid-insoluble material decreased by 22% within 2h. After this period of time the remaining radioactive glycoproteins appeared to be more stable and the rate of loss of specific radioactivity markedly decreased. Since fucose is known to be associated predominantly with plasma-membrane components, the analysis of fucosylated glycoproteins was characterized in plasma-membrane fractions by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Two experimental approaches were used to measure glycoprotein degradation and turnover in the cell-surface membranes. In one set of experiments, with a similar incubation procedure to that used with intact cells, three membrane components were rapidly degraded (150000, 130000 and 48000 daltons), but another surface glycoprotein (68000 daltons) appeared to be more slowly metabolized than the mean rate of glycoprotein degradation. The relationship of the degradation of membrane glycoproteins to their turnover was analysed by dual-label experiments that used both [14C]fucose and [3H]fucose. Glycoproteins of the surface membrane of neuroblastoma cells were found to turn over at heterogeneous rates. The components mentioned above that exhibited significantly rapid rates of degradation, were also shown to turn over more rapidly than the average surface component. In addition to the membrane components detected by the use of only [3H]fucose, dual-label experiments illustrated that numerous surface glycoproteins were metabolized more rapidly or slowly than most of the cell-surface constituents.
University Instructors' Perceptions of Factors in Distance Education Transactions

Understanding instructors' perceptions of distance education transactions is becoming increasingly important as the mode of distance learning has become not only accepted, but preferred by many students. A need for more empirical data was evident as anecdotal information still dominates the research literature. The study focused on the faculty of an established distance learning program at a small Midwestern university. Faculty who used technology distance education (TDE) were surveyed. Demographic information and faculty perceptions on course context, students, interpersonal and procedural transactions, learning and teaching transactions, and assessment transactions were gathered. The quantitative analysis found slight differences in perceptions among demographic subgroups and perception categories. Recommendations for future study, including research in both quantitative and qualitative realms, were proffered.