cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Total Compton intensity from amorphous Ca—Al

Abstract The incoherent (Compton) scattering in the amorphous alloy Ca60Al40 has been measured over the range 0·4 to 1·3 A−1 in sin θ/Λ using Mo Kα radiation. The elastically scattered intensity and tabulated atomic scattering factors were used to establish the scale. The observed Compton intensities were lower than values calculated on the basis of the Waller—Hartree formalism and by the impulse approximation, the discrepancies ranging from 2·5% to about 10%.
Likelihood functions for the analysis of single-molecule binned photon sequences

We consider the analysis of a class of experiments in which the number of photons in consecutive time intervals is recorded. Sequence of photon counts or, alternatively, of FRET efficiencies can be studied using likelihood-based methods. For a kinetic model of the conformational dynamics and state-dependent Poisson photon statistics, the formalism to calculate the exact likelihood that this model describes such sequences of photons or FRET efficiencies is developed. Explicit analytic expressions for the likelihood function for a two-state kinetic model are provided. The important special case when conformational dynamics are so slow that at most a single transition occurs in a time bin is considered. By making a series of approximations, we eventually recover the likelihood function used in hidden Markov models. In this way, not only is insight gained into the range of validity of this procedure, but also an improved likelihood function can be obtained.
Four-body model for transfer excitation

We present here a four-body model for transfer-excitation collisions, which we call the four-body transfer-excitation (4BTE) model. Each two-body interaction is explicitly included in the 4BTE model, allowing us to study the effects of individual two-body interactions. We apply our model to fully differential cross sections for proton+helium collisions, and study the effect of the incident projectile-atom interaction, the scattered projectile-ion interaction, the projectile-nuclear interaction, and electron correlation within the target atom.
A proposed strain-hardening mechanism for alginate gels ☆

The non-linear viscoelastic properties of alginate gels were investigated using torsion and compression rheological tests. Like many biopolymers, alginate gels showed strain-hardening behavior during large deformation, and the degree of strain-hardening depended on gel composition. The strain-hardening behavior of alginate gels was attributed to the deformation of rod-like junction zones serving as physical crosslinks in the gel. A constitutive equation based on the deformation of junction zones and a Gaussian distribution network of chains was developed to predict deformation behavior. The resulting equation effectively described the experimental data during torsion and compression, supporting the proposed mechanism that strain-hardening originates from the deformation of alginate junction zones.
A study of the subarctic boundary region in the Western North Pacific

During autumn 1968 an oceanographic investigation was conducted in the region of the Subarctic boundary between 155°E and 180°. The geostrophic flow of the upper 500 m was remarkably similar in direction; hence the salinity-minimum, Intermediate water must have the same path of flow as water at the surface. A water mass analysis revealed a decrease in the percentage of Subarctic water to the south and east, plus an increase in the homogeneity of water to the east, which supports Reid's conclusions that the salinity minimum results mainly from lateral mixing in the pycnocline in this region. Salinity at the minimum increases toward the south and east, and the density at this level also increases slightly from the western to the central Pacific, perhaps as a result of unequal vertical mixing above and below the minimum.
Cancers of the bowel and hepatobiliary tract

Abstract Cancer of the large bowel (colorectal cancer (CRC)) is one of the most common gastrointestinal tract malignancies, especially in North America and Europe. In the past several years, tremendous advances have been achieved in the treatment of the disease in both metastatic and adjuvant settings with developments of new cytotoxic (e.g. oxaliplatin, irinotecan, capecitabine) and novel molecular oriented agents (e.g. bevacizumab, cetuximab). These improvements have not only changed the survival statistics and prospect of the disease, but also the quality of life of these patients. The surgical intervention and local therapies remain the mainstay of the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. However, tremendous efforts are in process to promote better outcome with systemic treatment via utilization of chemotherapy and novel biological agents. Carcinoma of the pancreas and biliary track (cholangiocarcinoma) continues to present an enormous diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Evidence supports the multidisciplinary treatment with pre- or post-operative chemotherapy and chemoradiation for locally advanced disease. Results of combining cytotoxic and biologic/target oriented agents in the treatment of metastatic disease are encouraging.
A new hump-backed ginglymodian fish (Neopterygii, Semionotiformes) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation of southeastern Utah

A new species of hump-backed semionotiform fish, Lophionotus sanjuanensis, gen et sp. nov., is described based on specimens recently and previously collected from the Upper Triassic Church Rock Mem...
Measuring Political Tolerance and General Support for Pro–Civil Liberties Policies Notes, Evidence, and Cautions

much has been learned about why some citizens are toler - ant and others are not. However, the subfield has not reached agree- ment as to how these attitudes ought to be measured, and at least three competing measurement approaches currently exist: (1) the fixed-group approach, championed by the General Social Survey; (2) the "least- liked" group approach, invented by Sullivan, Piereson, and marcus (1982); and (3) an approach focusing not on groups but on support for restrictive public policies (e.g., Davis 2007). Although a few measure- ment studies have been published, generally research in this subfield has shown little concern about how different dependent variables overlap (or do not overlap). measurement issues thus stand as an important impedi- ment to advancing our understanding of the causes and consequences of political intolerance. This article considers the connections between political intolerance and general support for civil liberties. most gener - ally, I discover that different measures seem to be measuring somewhat different constructs, and that researchers therefore should not assume that different aspects of tolerance and support for civil liberties are
Public Investment and Growth: testing the non-linearity hypothesis

This article explores the relationship between public investment and growth among 56 low and middle income nations during the 1980s. The theoretical grwoth iterature emphasizes that initial increments of public capital raise growth but, at some point, additional increments of public capital inevitably reduce growth by creating distortions in the private sector. Despite the provalence of the non-linearity hypothesis, the article undertakes the first econometric test of the hypothesized non-linear relationship between public investment and growth. The article's econometric analysis does not support the public investment non-linearity hypothesis. The article concludes that crowding out concerns may have been overstated in the literature.
Growth models of the continuous bacterial leaching of iron pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the bacterial leaching of low grade metal ores and the bacterial leaching of pyritic sulfur from coal. The leaching of iron pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied in a continuous stirred tank reactor at a variety of dilution rates (0.012-0.22 h/sup -1/), pyrite surface areas (18-194 m/sup 2//L), and inlet soluble substrate (Fe/sup 2 +/) concentrations (0-3000 ppm). The bacterial leaching rate was found to increase with increasing pyrite surface area, dilution rate, and inlet Fe/sup 2 +/ concentration. The concentration of bacteria in solution was related to the concentration of bacteria attached to the pyrite surface by a Langmuir-type adsorption desorption relation. Fitting the experimental data to this relation yielded a value for the area occupied per bacterium of 86 ..mu..m/sup 2/. This result is consistent with the concept of preferential bacterial attachment to certain sites on the solid. A bacterial growth model was developed that included both bacterial growth in solution and growth of bacteria attached to the pyrite surface. The specific growth rate of attached bacteria was calculated from this model and was found to increase with increasing solid dilution rate and to decrease with increasing pyrite surfacemore » area and soluble substance concentration. An explanation of these results based on an active-inactive site mechanism was also developed. (JMT)« less
Influence of hydrologic regime and vegetation on phosphorus retention in Everglades stormwater treatment area wetlands

The Florida (USA) Everglades ecosystem has been impacted due to increased loading of nutrients, in particular phosphorus (P), primarily from adjacent agricultural areas. Consequently, restoration measures involve the establishment of stormwater treatment areas (STAs) comprising a series of constructed wetlands. A series of mesocosms were established at the inflow of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project wetland, the first such STA constructed. These mesocosms were designed to mimic STAs, as they operated as flow-through systems and were packed with native soil. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of vegetation and hydrologic fluctuations on P retention/release by the wetland soil and on effluent water quality. Four treatment combinations consisted of continuously flooded with emergents (Typha), intermittently flooded with emergents, continuously flooded with no emergents, and intermittently flooded with no emergents. Intermittently flooded treatments underwent two 1 month drawdown events during the year. Soils were collected to determine the various pools of P and surface water samples were collected twice weekly to determine mass P flux in and out of the mesocosms. Results showed that the majority of the P was stored in the calcium- and magnesium-bound fraction, as well as the refractory pool in the soil. Approximately 91% of the inflow soluble reactive P (SRP) mass was retained within the mesocosms for the continuously flooded treatment, and 80% was retained in the treatments subjected to periodic drawdown events, regardless of vegetation type. There was a net annual flux of dissolved organic P (DOP) out of the mesocosms for the drawdown treatments, whereas the net reduction in the DOP concentrations for the continuously flooded treatments was just 17%. These results demonstrate that, although these wetland systems perform well in reducing surface water SRP, additional research may need to focus on improving the reduction of DOP in order to reduce further the P loads to the nutrient-sensitive Everglades system. Copyright  2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Muon Shielding Calculations for 200-GeV Proton Interactions

Results of calculations for shielding against muons showing the effects of voids and magnetic fields are discussed for one experimental setup.
Combined Effects of UV-B, Nitrate, and Low pH Reduce the Survival and Activity Level of Larval Cascades Frogs (Rana cascadae)

We investigated interactions between low pH, high nitrate level, and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light on the survival and activity level of larval Cascades frogs (Rana cascadae). We used a fully factorial experimental design, with pH levels of 5 and 7; initial “pulse” nitrate exposure levels of 0, 5, and 20 mg/L; and UV-B present or absent. After a 3-week laboratory exposure, we measured survival and activity level of the larvae. The experiment was repeated two times, in two separate years. Similar effects on survival and activity level were observed in both experiments. R. cascadae survival was not significantly reduced in treatments with individual factors alone (i.e., UV-B control, pH 5 control, or high nitrate level without pH or UV-B). However, in experiments from both years, survival and activity levels of larval R. cascadae were significantly reduced in the treatment with low pH, high nitrate, and UV-B together. In both years, analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that pH and nitrate had the greatest effect on survival and that UV-B and nitrate had the greatest effect on activity level. Additional effects were observed in the 1998 experiment on both survival and activity level. In 1998, UV radiation and the interaction term between pH and nitrate (pH × nitrate) had a significant effect on survival. Also in the 1998 experiment, activity level was significantly reduced in treatments at neutral pH with UV, at initial nitrate doses of 5 and 20 mg/L and at neutral pH without UV at an initial nitrate dose of 20 mg/L. We suggest that the adverse effects were due to the multiple stressors acting together.
Development of pachytene FISH maps for six maize chromosomes and their integration with other maize maps for insights into genome structure variation

Integrated cytogenetic pachytene fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) maps were developed for chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 of maize using restriction fragment length polymorphism marker-selected Sorghum propinquum bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) for 19 core bin markers and 4 additional genetic framework loci. Using transgenomic BAC FISH mapping on maize chromosome addition lines of oats, we found that the relative locus position along the pachytene chromosome did not change as a function of total arm length, indicative of uniform axial contraction along the fibers during mid-prophase for tested loci on chromosomes 4 and 5. Additionally, we cytogenetically FISH mapped six loci from chromosome 9 onto their duplicated syntenic regions on chromosomes 1 and 6, which have varying amounts of sequence divergence, using sorghum BACs homologous to the chromosome 9 loci. We found that successful FISH mapping was possible even when the chromosome 9 selective marker had no counterpart in the syntenic block. In total, these 29 FISH-mapped loci were used to create the most extensive pachytene FISH maps to date for these six maize chromosomes. The FISH-mapped loci were then merged into one composite karyotype for direct comparative analysis with the recombination nodule-predicted cytogenetic, genetic linkage, and genomic physical maps using the relative marker positions of the loci on all the maps. Marker colinearity was observed between all pair-wise map comparisons, although marker distribution patterns varied widely in some cases. As expected, we found that the recombination nodule-based predictions most closely resembled the cytogenetic map positions overall. Cytogenetic and linkage map comparisons agreed with previous studies showing a decrease in marker spacing in the peri-centromeric heterochromatin region on the genetic linkage maps. In fact, there was a general trend with most loci mapping closer towards the telomere on the linkage maps than on the cytogenetic maps, regardless of chromosome number or maize inbred line source, with just some of the telomeric loci exempted. Finally and somewhat surprisingly, we observed considerable variation between the relative arm positions of loci when comparing our cytogenetic FISH map to the B73 genomic physical maps, even where comparisons were to a B73-derived cytogenetic map. This variation is more evident between different chromosome arms, but less so within a given arm, ruling out any type of inbred-line dependent global features of linear deoxyribonucleic acid compared with the meiotic fiber organization. This study provides a means for analyzing the maize genome structure by producing new connections for integrating the cytogenetic, linkage, and physical maps of maize.
Alternative Interpretations of Alternative Assessments: Some Validity Issues in Educational Performance Assessments

The use of alternative assessments has led many researchers to reexamine traditional views of test qualities, especially validity. Because alternative assessments generally aim at measuring complex constructs and employ rich assessment tasks, it becomes more difficult to demonstrate (a) the validity of the inferences we make and (b) that these inferences extrapolate to target domains beyond the assessment itself. An approach to addressing these issues from the perspective of language testing is described. It is then argued that in both language testing and educational assessment we must consider the roles of both language and content knowledge, and that our approach to the design and development of performance assessments must be both construct-based and task-based.1
Dynamically formed heterogeneous robot teams performing tightly-coordinated tasks

As we progress towards a world where robots play an integral role in society, a critical problem that remains to be solved is the pickup team challenge; that is, dynamically formed heterogeneous robot teams executing coordinated tasks where little information is known a priori about the tasks, the robots, and the environments in which they would operate. Successful solutions to forming pickup teams would enable researchers to experiment with larger numbers of robots and enable industry to efficiently and cost-effectively integrate new robot technology with existing legacy teams. In this paper, we define the challenge of pickup teams and propose the treasure hunt domain for evaluating the performance of pickup teams. Additionally, we describe a basic implementation of a pickup team that can search and discover treasure in a previously unknown environment. We build on prior approaches in market-based task allocation and plays for synchronized task execution, to allocate roles amongst robots in the pickup team, and to execute synchronized team actions to accomplish the treasure hunt task
Decreased Glucocorticoid Receptor Binding in Adrenal Insufficiency

To examine the effect of glucocorticoid deficiency on the glucocorticoid receptor, we examine the binding of [3H] dexamethasone to lymphocytes in normal subjects and patients with adrenal insufficiency before and after glucocorticoid replacement therapy. Using a whole cell competitive binding assay, normal human lymphocytes had 5977 +/- 1487 (mean +/- SD) binding sites/cell and a dissociation constant of 10 +/- 2 nM. Lymphocytes from patients with untreated adrenal insufficiency had fewer binding sites (3364 +/-322) and a 2-fold increase in binding affinity (5.4 +/- 0.9 mM). The administration of conventional replacement doses of cortisone acetate for 6 months caused no change in receptor number, but was associated with a decrease in binding affinity toward normal. After long term glucocorticoid replacement therapy, binding parameters were similar to those in patients before treatment. The physiological implications of the decreased receptor number and increased binding affinity in adrenal insufficiency remain to be elucidated.
The Global Zonally Integrated Ocean Circulation, 1992–2006: Seasonal and Decadal Variability

Abstract The zonally integrated meridional and vertical velocities as well as the enthalpy transports and fluxes in a least squares adjusted general circulation model are used to estimate the top-to-bottom oceanic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and its variability from 1992 to 2006. A variety of simple theories all produce time scales suggesting that the mid- and high-latitude oceans should respond to atmospheric driving only over several decades. In practice, little change is seen in the MOC and associated heat transport except very close to the sea surface, at depth near the equator, and in parts of the Southern Ocean. Variability in meridional transports in both volume and enthalpy is dominated by the annual cycle and secondarily by the semiannual cycle, particularly in the Southern Ocean. On time scales longer than a year, the solution exhibits small trends with complicated global spatial patterns. Apart from a net uptake of heat from the atmosphere (forced by the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, which...
Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition Conditions for Efficient Silicon Doping in High Al-Composition AlGaN Films

The influence of the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition conditions on the electrical and optical properties was investigated for silicon-doped AlxGa1-xN films with x>0.5 grown on sapphire and 6H–SiC substrates. At a constant silicon concentration in the layers, the electron carrier concentration was the highest in films deposited at reduced temperatures and high V/III ratios, despite the higher residual carbon and oxygen concentrations in the layers grown at lower temperatures. The electrical properties of the films were correlated with the intensity of the emission bands in the 410 to 440 nm and the 510 to 550 nm ranges observed in the 300 K photoluminescence spectra of the samples. The influence of impurities, native defects and threading dislocations on the film properties is discussed.
Protein phosphatase 2A regulates binding of Cdc45 to the prereplication complex.

In eukaryotic cells, an ordered sequence of events leads to the initiation of DNA replication. During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, a prereplication complex (pre-RC) consisting of ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, and MCM2–7 is established at replication origins on the chromatin. At the G1/S transition, MCM10 and the protein kinases Cdc7-Dbf4 and Cdk2-cyclin E cooperate to recruit Cdc45 to the pre-RC, followed by origin unwinding, RPA binding, and recruitment of DNA polymerases. Using the soluble DNA replication system derived fromXenopus eggs, we demonstrate that immunodepletion of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) from egg extracts and inhibition of PP2A activity by okadaic acid abolish loading of Cdc45 to the pre-RC. Consistent with a defect in Cdc45 loading, origin unwinding and the loading of RPA and DNA polymerase α are also inhibited. Inhibition of PP2A has no effect on MCM10 loading and on Cdc7-Dbf4 or Cdk2 activity. The substrate of PP2A is neither a component of the pre-RC nor Cdc45. Instead, our data suggest that PP2A functions by dephosphorylating and activating a soluble factor that is required to recruit Cdc45 to the pre-RC. Furthermore, PP2A appears to counteract an unknown inhibitory kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates the same factor. Thus, the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated at the level of Cdc45 loading by a combination of stimulatory and inhibitory phosphorylation events.
Family Functioning and Stress in African American Families A Strength-Based Approach

Having social support substantially reduces the effects of stressful experiences. Family relationships are central components of social support for African Americans. In a community-based sample of African Americans (n = 255), the relationship between family functioning and stress was examined, as well as possible mediators of this relationship, independent of demographic variables. Using multiple regression analysis, close and flexible family relationships were linked to lower perceived stress levels. The association of family functioning and stress operated through the internal processes of anxiety, depression, daily hassles, and higher hardiness and explained more than half of the variance in stress levels. These findings also remained above and beyond the known stressor of discrimination and the known stress reducer of spirituality. These findings suggest that expanding traditional stress management programs to include strategies for bolstering family functioning could have significant benefits.
The role of pre-training interventions in learning: A meta-analysis and integrative review.

Abstract Learning is one of the main goals of any training program. Much research has focused on how learning may be enhanced through effective training design. We compiled the extant literature exploring the efficacy of five common pre-training interventions in promoting learning. Meta-analytic results ( k = 159; total N = 13,684) reveal consistent positive effects for the role of such interventions in learning. Attentional advice and goal orientation (as compared with meta-cognitive strategies, advance organizers and preparatory information) yielded the most consistent learning gains. Results suggest intervention format, implementation, and match to learning outcome are important considerations. Recommendations are provided for interventions which are useful in promoting cognitive, skill-based, and affective learning gains.
Neurocognitive function and CNS integrity in adult survivors of childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma - a commentary on report from Krull and colleagues.

Historically, radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy have led to the cure of many pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Modern series have demonstrated a 5 year overall survival of greater than 90% for early stage patients. Over the many decades it took to achieve these remarkable results, it became evident that long-term survivors are at increased risk for long-term toxicities such as cardiopulmonary and perhaps neurocognitive toxicities as Krull et al . have suggested (1). However, based on the data presented, it is unclear if the difference is caused solely by the use of outdated mantle field radiation doses of ≥30 Gy vs . <30 Gy.
An nlp framework for non-topical text analysis in urdu -- a resource poor language

Language plays a very important role in understanding the culture and mindset of people. Given the abundance of electronic multilingual data, it is interesting to see what insight can be gained by automatic analysis of text. This in turn calls for text analysis which is focused on non-topical information such as emotions being expressed that is in contrast to topical text analysis designed to elicit factual information or classify documents into subject categories. Non-topical tasks such as sentiment analysis or emotion detection are dependent on identifying several useful linguistic cues or indicators and go beyond the bag of words model. Performing such tasks is additionally challenging when the text is written in a language such as Urdu. This is due to: (i) the paucity of annotated Urdu data, and (ii) the lack of natural language processing tools to preprocess text and extract useful features. The tasks of interest in Urdu NLP include analyzing data sources such as blogs and comments to news articles, which in turn provide insight into social and human behavior. All of this requires a robust NLP system. The first objective of this work is to develop an NLP infrastructure for Urdu that is customizable and capable of providing basic analysis on which more advanced information extraction tools can be built. Novel techniques based on bootstrap learning and resource sharing are developed to augment available annotated Urdu data needed to train the learning models. A unique Urdu-to-English named-entity transliteration method based on phoneme alignments is also provided to enable faceted search using entities keyed in Latin script. Each of the new Urdu text processing modules is further integrated into a general text-mining platform for future ease of use. The second objective of this work is to detect emotions in Urdu newswire data. In the process, interesting socio-cultural aspects of language usage, such as the marked use of formal Arabic words when expressing intense emotions and the correlation between gender and emotion being expressed are exposed. To facilitate such discoveries, we provide an annotated Urdu newswire corpus for emotion detection using the newly developed language specific non-topical annotation guidelines. Language specific features, resources borrowed from other languages and co-training techniques are leveraged to generate modules needed to quantify subjective cues. Novel methods that identify opinion entities, intensity of the opinions and contexts in which the opinions are expressed are also illustrated. Our analyses provide valuable insights into how language usage frames the reporting of news and thereby influences readers. The work here is not limited to only Urdu newswire data. Novel techniques to generate part of speech information and sentiment polarity in blog data exhibiting code-mixing and code-switching behavior are also illustrated. The work reported here advances the state of the art in both Urdu NLP and non-topical analysis; much of the newly developed framework can be extended to other Indic languages as well.
Food store disturbance as a seismic intensity indicator

The disturbance of shelf items in food stores can be an useful system for the reliable determination of seismic intensity. The reliability of the food store intensity ratings results from the similarity of food stores at many different places. Also, the amount of disturbance in a food store is easily determined. Observations indicate that the food store disturbances are comparable to the Modified Mercalli intensity scale from less than intensity V to greater than intensity VII. The food store seismic intensity correlates well with the measurements of peak acceleration on nearby strong-motion instruments. With few exceptions, food store intensity V correlates with peak acceleration values of 0.01 to 0.04 g , intensity VI with 0.06 to 0.15 g , and intensity VII with 0.21 to 0.43 g . The disturbance of furniture and the involuntary fall of people are indicators that may be useful at higher levels of seismic intensity.
Detection of microcalcification with top-hat transform and the Gibbs random fields

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women aged 40 and above. Early detection of breast cancer has been one of the prime topics of research in biomedical engineering area. Micro-calcifications (MCs) are the indicators of early stages of breast cancer, and the detection of these MCs will, in turn, lead to diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer at its earliest stages. This paper proposes a new method to detect MCs in a digital mammogram. The approach starts with the segmentation of the digital mammogram to isolate the breast region, using fuzzy C means clustering algorithm. The segmented image is then further segmented using top-hat transform to localize the region of interest. A watershed transform is used to isolate the region of interest from rest of the image. The Gibbs random fields are employed to analyze the pixels in conjunction with the devised clique patterns and detect MCs in the image. A thresholding is performed on the processed image where the MCs are detected. The proposed algorithm is highly effective in reducing the region of interest to the region which has a high probability of finding a calcification or MC. It has an overall detection rate of 94.4% and accuracy of 88.2% with a false negative detection rate of 5.6%, respectively.
Risk taking behavior: decision making in the face of genetic uncertainty

Clients of genetic counseling frequently are called on to choose sources of action which may place themselves, their families, or their future offspring, at some sort of physical and/or emotional risk. This paper focuses on the nature of decision-making in the face of such uncertainties. Evidence is presented from both research with clients making decision as well as from basic social psychological investigations of decision making which indicates the emotional and cognitive strains involved in making judgments under uncertainty. A framework for social work intervention is suggested that emphasizes prevention of deficiencies in information processing and decision making.
Representations of Positive Integers as Sums of Arithmetic Progressions

(1976). Representations of Positive Integers as Sums of Arithmetic Progressions. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 245-248.
Chronic Exposure to Particulate Hexavalent Chromium Alters Cdc20 Protein Localization, Interactions and Expression

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are well established human lung carcinogens, but it is unknown how they cause lung cancer in humans. Recent data indicate that Cr(VI) induces chromosome instability in human lung cells, and genomic instability is considered a leading mechanism to explain chromate carcinogenesis. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is a critical regulator of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition and ensures genome stability by preventing chromosomal missegregation events. Bypass of the SAC can lead to genomic instability, manifested as aneuploidy, which eventually leads to tumor formation and cancer. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that chronic exposure to zinc chromate induces SAC bypass in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in human lung fibroblasts. To further study these events, we focused on the cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) protein, a downstream effector protein in the SAC. Cdc20 has not been studied after Cr(VI) exposure, but other studies show that experimentally induced alterations of Cdc20 localization to kinetochores or of Cdc20 protein expression leads to aneuploidy. Here, we investigated the effects of zinc chromate, a particulate Cr(VI) compound, on Cdc20 localization, protein expression and interactions. Our data show Cdc20 is a target for particulate Cr(VI). Chronic zinc chromate exposure altered Cdc20 kinetochore localization and reduced the interaction of phosphorylated Cdc20 with Mad2, which may underlie zinc chromate-induced SAC bypass.
Embodied Wildlife Histories and the Urban Landscape

AbstractPeter Matthiessen's Wildlife in America says little about the bodily connections between humans and wildlife. But environmental historians' growing interest in health should be extended to ...
Lipoprotein Lipase Inhibition in Rabbits with Experimental Pancreatitis

SummaryThe plasma of 9 of 10 rabbits with staphylococcal toxin pancreatitis inhibited the activity of post-heparin LYL. The pancreatitis resulted also in a significant elevation of plasma triglyceride level. The maximal triglyceride elevation, however, was not related to the maximal inhibition of LPL. The possibility that a circulating inhibitor(s) of LPL was liberated from the necrotic pancreatic tissue is discussed.
The cause and prevention measure of fire in the library

The article carry on a concreate research on the library equipments,information-based and assistant equipments and existent fire risk of the power supply cicuit,and put forward a safe counterplan of fire-prevention,puting forward some improvement measures on strengthening and improving the management of the prevention measure on the library from fire-fighting.
Characterization of Straightbred and Crossbred Rabbits for Milk Production and Associative Traits

Two hundred twenty-five lactation and litter performance records from 82 does representing four genetic groups and two diets were analyzed to quantify breed, heterosis, reciprocal F1 cross and diet effects for milk production and associative traits. Doe genetic groups were New Zealand White (NN) and Californian (CC) straightbred and Californian X New Zealand White (CN) and New Zealand White X Californian (NC) reciprocal crossbreds. Pelleted diets fed to does and litters were either a commercial control or a 74% alfalfa diet. Three sire breeds of litters included NN, CC and Flemish Giant (FG) straightbreds. Doe genetic group and diet were important sources of variation (P less than .05) for all traits examined except for litter milk efficiency (litter gain/milk intake) and doe feed efficiency (milk yield/feed intake). The sire breed of litter effect did not influence (P greater than .05) lactational performance of does nor associative preweaning traits. Straightbred NN does were heavier at kindling, yielded more milk, reared a heavier litter by 21 d and were more efficient in converting feed into milk than were straightbred CC does (P less than .01). Significant heterosis was detected for milk production and for litter size and weight at 21 d. Reciprocal differences between crossbred doe groups were observed (P less than .05) for litter milk efficiency and doe feed intake. The 74% alfalfa diet was superior to the commercial control diet for effects on milk production and litter size and weight at 21 d, although doe feed intake was increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MLL-rearranged mixed phenotype acute leukemia masquerading as B-cell ALL

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare form of leukemia characterized by clonal proliferation of blasts expressing both myeloid and lymphoid antigens.[1] Most patients with MPAL present in...
Solar effect on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth rate as simulated by the NCAR TIEGCM

Abstract The TIEGCM (Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model) is used to investigate the solar effect on the equatorial ionospheric Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability growth rate, which is responsible for the occurrence of the plasma bubbles. The R-T growth rate is calculated for the solar maximum year 2003 and minimum 2009. The growth rate is strongly dependent on the solar activity. During solar maximum, the pre-reversal enhancement is much stronger leading to higher R-T growth rate. The R-T growth rates from the TIEGCM follow the same solar dependence as the observed occurrence of equatorial plasma bubbles by DMSP satellites. The R-T growth rate also enhances when the day/night terminator is parallel to the magnetic field line near the equator. The R-T growth rate does not correlate well with the solar F10.7 index on a short time scale (~10 days) because the field-line integrated electron content gradient cancels out the positive correlation between the vertical ion drift with the F10.7 index. The TIEGCM result shows the importance of the electron content gradient to the R-T growth rate and the plasma bubble occurrence. The bubble occurrence rates were estimated based on the vertical ion drift simulation results.
Overview of Transplantation Immunobiology

The immune system protects us from infection by recognizing pathogens, and destroying or containing them. The immune system can be categorized into two branches: the innate immune system and adaptive immune system. The innate immune system and adaptive immune system are not completely independent systems. Instead, there is crosstalk at multiple levels and collaboration with each other to mount immune response to pathogens. The processes that initiate transplant-directed alloimmune responses are mediated by components unrelated to organ transplantation but rather are developed from a system that maintains the integrity against various pathogens. Exposure to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa first countered by the innate immune system composed of inflammatory cells, usually granulocytes, which include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells. A second important cellular component of the innate immune response includes the monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, which can take up and process exogenous materials. Also included in the cellular innate immune response are the γδ and natural killer (NK) cells, which can kill virally infected cells without prior sensitization [1]. These same cells survey the periphery including transplanted organs with usually a slower response than that observed in innate immune responses against pathogens.
Cumulative Risk and Physiological Stress Responses in African American Adolescents.

Objective:To investigate associations between components of cumulative risk (CR) and physiological stress responses in African American adolescents and evaluate emotion regulation as a mediator and...
Ground-motion measurements near quarry blasts at Promontory Point, Utah

Abstract Ground amplitudes and accelerations are presented for distances of 8,000 feet, 22,000 feet, 43,700 feet, and 72,200 feet from three quarry blasts of more than 1,000,000 pounds of explosives each that were detonated at Promontory Point, Utah. The following equation fits the data of the maximum total displacement amplitude versus distance for the distances given above: log ⁡ D m = − 1.52 log ⁡ X + 4.51 , where D m is the maximum total displacement amplitude in inches, and X is distance in feet from the source. Maximum vertical acceleration versus distance for the same distances is given by the equation: log ⁡ A m = − 2.55 log ⁡ X + 10.68 , where A m is the maximum vertical acceleration in ft/sec 2 . and X is distance in feet from the source.
Information technology to support patient engagement: where do we stand and where can we go?

Objective Given the strong push to empower patients and make them partners in their health care, we evaluated the current capability of hospitals to offer health information technology that facilitates patient engagement (PE). Materials and methods Using an ontology mapping approach, items from the American Hospital Association Information Technology Supplement were mapped to defined levels and categories within the PE Framework. Points were assigned for each health information technology function based upon the level of engagement it encompassed to create a PE-information technology (PE-IT) score. Scores were divided into tertiles, and hospital characteristics were compared across tertiles. An ordered logit model was used to estimate the effect of characteristics on the adjusted odds of being in the highest tertile of PE-IT scores. Results Thirty-six functions were mapped to specific levels and categories of the PE Framework, and adoption of each item ranged from 23.5 to 96.7%. Hospital characteristics associated with being in the highest tertile of PE-IT scores included medium and large bed size (relative to small), nonprofit (relative to government nonfederal), teaching hospital, system member, Midwest and South regions, and urban location. Discussion Hospital adoption of PE-oriented technology remains varied, suggesting that hospitals are considering how technology can create partnerships with patients. However, PE functionalities that facilitate higher levels of engagement are lacking, suggesting room for improvement. Conclusion While hospitals have reached modest levels of adoption of PE technologies, consistent monitoring of this capacity can identify opportunities to use technology to facilitate engagement.
A Design Study of 5G Antennas Optimized Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper presents the design of three antenna structures of interest for 5G applications. Antenna designs include: 1) pixelated patch, 2) patch with shorting pins and a 3) monopole antenna. Each of the antenna designs are optimized to operate at desired multiple frequency bands while maintaining high gain. These antenna designs are optimized using genetic algorithms, sometimes referred to as evolutionary algorithms. The optimized antenna designs are fabricated and tested over a wide frequency band for return loss and gain. Simulations are carried out using a commercially available finite element modeling tool, and the measured and simulation results are presented. This paper highlights the benefits of each of these antenna designs for use in 5G applications.
THU0270 Homocysteine, antiphospholipid antibodies and risk of vascular events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background SLE patients have higher plasma total homocysteine concentrations compared to healthy controls. Hyperhomocysteinemia in SLE is a potentially modifiable, independent risk factor for stroke and thrombotic events, hypertension, and coronary artery calcification. Objectives We investigated the association of homocysteine levels with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies as well as the potentially additive thrombotic risk in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies who have hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods To analyze the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in SLE, 844 patients with homocysteine measurements were included in the analysis. 237 patients had at least one measurement over 15 umol/L. Patients were followed quarterly after cohort entry. The association of hyperhomocysteinemia with antiphospholipid antibodies is detailed in Table 1. To analyze the prevalence of vascular events among SLE patients with antiphospholipid antibodies based on homocysteine levels, 571 patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and at least one homocysteine measurement were included in the analysis. There were 166 patients with at least one homocysteine measurement over 15 umol/L. The lupus anticoagulant was assessed by dRVVT with mixing studies and confirmatory tests. Anticardiolipin and anti-beta2 glycoprotein 1 were measured by ELISA (INOVA). Vascular events were defined as stroke, myocardial infarction, digital gangrene, and deep vein thrombosis. Results Conclusions SLE patients with elevated homocysteine were less likely (p Disclosure of Interest None declared
Application of an Original Wildfire Smoke Health Cost Benefits Transfer Protocol to the Western US, 2005–2015

Recent growth in the frequency and severity of US wildfires has led to more wildfire smoke and increased public exposure to harmful air pollutants. Populations exposed to wildfire smoke experience a variety of negative health impacts, imposing economic costs on society. However, few estimates of smoke health costs exist and none for the entire Western US, in particular, which experiences some of the largest and most intense wildfires in the US. The lack of cost estimates is troublesome because smoke health impacts are an important consideration of the overall costs of wildfire. To address this gap, this study provides the first time series estimates of PM2.5 smoke costs across mortality and several morbidity measures for the Western US over 2005–2015. This time period includes smoke from several megafires and includes years of record-breaking acres burned. Smoke costs are estimated using a benefits transfer protocol developed for contexts when original health data are not available. The novelty of our protocol is that it synthesizes the literature on choices faced by researchers when conducting a smoke cost benefit transfer. On average, wildfire smoke in the Western US creates $165 million in annual morbidity and mortality health costs.
Using Precise Taint Tracking for Auto-sanitization

Taint analysis has been used in numerous scripting languages such as Perl and Ruby to defend against various form of code injection attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and SQL-injection. However, most taint analysis systems simply fail when tainted information is used in a possibly unsafe manner. In this paper, we explore how precise taint tracking can be used in order to secure web content. Rather than simply crashing, we propose that a library-writer defined sanitization function can instead be used on the tainted portions of a string. With this approach, library writers or framework developers can design their tools to be resilient, even if inexperienced developers misuse these libraries in unsafe ways. In other words, developer mistakes do not have to result in system crashes to guarantee security. We implement both coarse-grained and precise taint tracking in JavaScript, and show how our precise taint tracking API can be used to defend against SQL injection and XSS attacks. We further evaluate the performance of this approach, showing that precise taint tracking involves an overhead of approximately 22%.