cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic Therapy Induces Rapid Cell Death by Apoptosis in L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells

Abstract The mode of cell death of two strains of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells was studied following photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitized by chloroaluminum phthalocyanine. Strains LY-R and LY-S differ in their relative sensitivities to UVC radiation, X-radiation, and PDT; both responded to PDT by undergoing apoptosis. The DNA was degraded into fragments with lengths which are multiples of approximately 180–190 base pairs ( i.e. , oligonucleosome size), a biochemical marker of apoptosis. The DNA fragmentation was dose and time dependent which indicates this response to be an enzymic process related to cell killing. Cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and actinomycin D, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, enhanced the endonucleolytic DNA fragmentation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed chromatin condensation around the periphery of the nucleus, which is also characteristic of apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis in L5178Y cells by PDT was rapid, with marked degradation of DNA occurring in as little as 30 min. The rapidity of the response to PDT suggests that cellular damage produced by PDT can directly activate endonucleolysis and chromatin condensation, thereby by-passing many of the early steps in the signal transduction program which are acted upon by other agents causing apoptosis.
The Impact of Goal Change on Prominent Perceptions and Beha viors of Emplo yees

A model exploring the hypothesized impact of goal change on employee perceptions and behaviors was examined. Aspects of goal change were found to be significantly related to satisfaction, organ izational commitment, and absenteeism. Organizational com mitment was found to be related to turnover, but neither satisfaction nor organizational commitment was found to have a significant relationship with absenteeism. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Outcome of Cardiac Dysfunction in Critically Ill Trauma Patients: Myocardial Contusion Complicated by Refractory Hypotension.

Background: This work attempted to define the care and course of those most severely affected patients in the setting of blunt chest trauma, who had hypoten- sion refractory to routine fluid resuscitation. Methods: Twenty-three critically ill blunt trauma ICU patients were resuscitated and enrolled with ongoing hypotension required placement of a pulmonary artery catheter. The REFExplorer (Baxter, Edwards, Anaheim, CA) catheter was placed in the right heart measuring pressure, volume and oxygen utilization information, as well as recording Injury Severity Score, EKG, CXR, CPK/MB and echocardiography over the initial 72-h time period. Results: There were an approximately 2,300 Level I trauma patients admitted annually over a 4-year period with an overall mortality rate of 4.3% (100) patients with 3.4% (79) patients ''ruling in'' with elevated cardiac enzymes, associated with an increased mortality rate of 6.7% (p < 0.05). The 23 patients were male (17, 74%), mean age 41.2 years, with no past medical history (19, 83%), in a motor vehicle accident (21, 91%), with pul- monary injury (9, 39%), undergoing celiotomy in (10, 44%). They presented with moderate to severe trauma acuity defined as mean GCS of 8.6, TS of 11.3, and ISS of 34 with an increased mean hospital stay of 15 days versus 6 days in the ICU; and a 26 days versus 10 days overall stay for those with myocardial contusion (p < 0.05). Analysis of diagnostic variables found an abnormal EKG in (21, 91%), CXR in (20, 87%) and echo- cardiogram in (8, 37%). The total CPK was found to be elevated, mean 2,219 (204-8,278 U/l), while the MB fraction was normal 2.3 ± 1.3%. Invasive cardiac moni- toring found an increase in CO of 1.6 l/min from 5.9 to 7.8 l/min during the first 24 h of recovery. Survival was worsened with increased ISS (29 vs. 43) p < 0.02, but improved with longer ICU (17 vs. 8) p < 0.03 and hospital (39 vs. 7) p < 0.05 stay in days. The analysis of commonly used diagnostic modalities - EKG, CXR, ECHO, or CO, did not correlate with survival, but the total CPK was in- creased in survivors (2,715 vs. 1,432 U/l) p < 0.009. Conclusion: There is worsened morbidity with a 2-fold increase in ICU LOS and hospital stay, and a 1.5-fold in- crease in mortality in the severe myocardial contusion group. The diagnostic dilemma posed by lack of defini- tive testing continues unresolved after analysis of rou- tine modalities - EKG, CXR, ECHO, CPK or CO - failing to yield a ''best test''.
Anomalous Temperature Dependence of Cyclic Fatigue‐Crack Growth in a Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite

Fatigue-crack growth behavior under cyclic tension-tension loading has been examined in a 30-vol%-TiB2-reinforced β-SiC matrix composite, using compact tension specimens tested at temperatures from 750° to 850°C in a furnace air environment. Cyclic fatigue-crack growth rate was found to depend strongly on testing temperature and was faster at a lower temperature. Such an anomalous dependence of crack growth rate on temperature is shown to result from the reduction in crack growth driving force, ΔK, by the wedging action of the oxide film formed behind the crack tip. Subtraction of the contribution from oxide films leads to a “normal” Arrhenius relation between cyclic crack growth rate and temperature, with the activation energy equal to that for the viscous flow of grain boundary phase.
Effects of norfloxacin on DNA metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Norfloxacin is a quinolone (pyridonecarboxylic acid derivative) effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. We studied the effects of this drug on DNA metabolism in P. aeruginosa. Norfloxacin inhibits DNA replication immediately on its addition to a logarithmically growing culture of P. aeruginosa. It inhibits the ability of P. aeruginosa DNA gyrase to supercoil relaxed, closed circular DNA in vitro. At intermediate concentrations of the drug, inhibition of DNA replication in vivo is followed by secondary (recovery) synthesis. Both recovery synthesis and the bactericidal effects of norfloxacin are dependent on continued protein synthesis, suggesting that these are inducible functions. Neither norfloxacin nor nalidixic acid induces Weigle-reactivation (inducible DNA repair) or mutagenesis in P. aeruginosa. Images
RESEARCH NOTE Phase diagram for the Lennard-Jones fluid modelled by the hard-core Yukawa fluid

The liquid-gas phase diagram for the Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid model is obtained using the mean spherical approximation (MSA) for the corresponding hard-core Yukawa fluid. The calculated phase diagram is compared with the phase diagrams for the LJ fluid predicted by the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo simulation, and by the Percus-Yevick (PY) and reference hypernetted chain (RHNC) theories. The accuracy of the MSA is comparable with the accuracy of the PY approximation. Although the MSA is less accurate than the RHNC approximation, it has an important advantage of being solvable along the whole liquid-gas coexistence curve, including the vicinity of the critical point.
Permeability changes in the blood-brain barrier: causes and consequences.

1. Generalized changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability are accompanied by extravasation of plasma proteins; thus, they are readily studied with protein markers or protein-dye complexes. Selective changes in permeability involve alterations in BBB transport systems; they are best studied with techniques which detect the qualitative hallmarks of carrier-mediated transport, namely saturation, competition, and stereospecificity. 2. Quantitative assessments of the selective permeability of the BBB can be made from the saturation data expressed in terms of Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The advantages of the latter are twofold: (a) alterations elicited by modified barrier affinity (Km) can be distinguished from alterations in carrier capacity (Vmax); (b) the relative rates of flux of a metabolite across the BBB can be placed in the perspective of cerebral metabolism. Kinetic data on transport processes in the BBB are obtained by either constant infusion or single injection techniques. Results obtained with both methodologies have been comparable. 3. Independent transport systems for glucose, neutral amino acids, basic amino acids, and monocarboxylic acids have been identified in the BBB. The description of these transport systems in kinetic terms provides a background of information on intact mechanisms to which altered transport can be compared. 4. Experimental evidence indicates that the availability of key metabolic substrates, such as glucose or essential amino acids, may be rate-limiting in cerebral metabolism. A working hypothesis was developed that the consequences of a selective change in barrier permeability to one or more of these essential substrates are directly related to altered rates of reaction in substrate-limited pathways, e.g., cerebral protein or neuro-transmitter biosynthesis. 5. Toxicological causes of generalized changes in BBB permeability include hypertonic solutions, organic solvents, surface-active agents, enzymes, and heavy metals. Some agents, e.g., mercury or hypertonic urea, induce selective changes in BBB transport at doses much lower than those required for nonspecific barrier break-down. Subtle changes in transport of metabolic substrates may remain unrecognized unless specifically investigated, yet may have profound consequences on brain metabolism. 6. Pathological processes can also induce selective changes in BBB permeability. Such changes often temporally precede the more generalized alterations in permeability that can occur during pathogenesis. For example, in brain edema due to an ischemic infarct, glucose transport increases during the early cytotoxic phase, whereas generalized changes are not detected until the later vasogenic phase.
Genetic contribution of the leukotriene pathway to coronary artery disease.

We evaluated the genetic contribution of the leukotriene (LT) pathway to risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in 4,512 Caucasian and African American subjects ascertained through elective cardiac evaluation. Of the three previously associated variants, the shorter “3” and “4” alleles of a promoter repeat polymorphism in ALOX5 increased risk of CAD in African Americans (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.9; p = 0.04), whereas a haplotype of LTA4H (HapK) was associated with CAD in Caucasians (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.01–1.4; p = 0.03). In Caucasians, first-stage analysis of 254 haplotype-tagging SNPs in 15 LT pathway genes with follow-up of 19 variants in stage 2 revealed an LTA4H SNP (rs2540477) that increased risk of CAD (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.5; p = 0.003) and a PLA2G4A SNP (rs12746200) that decreased risk of CAD (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9; p = 0.0007). The PLA2G4A rs12746200 variant also decreased risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event (MACE = myocardial infarction, stroke, or death) over 3 years of follow-up (HR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9; p = 0.01), consistent with its cardioprotective effect. Functional experiments demonstrated that stimulated monocytes from carriers of LTA4H variants HapK or rs2540477 had 50% (p = 0.002) and 33% (p = 0.03) higher LTB4 production, respectively, compared to non-carriers. These ex vivo results are consistent with LTB4 being the direct product of the reaction catalyzed by LTA4H and its role in promoting monocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation, including the artery wall of atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that functional genetic variation of the LT pathway can mediate atherogenic processes and the risk of CAD in humans.
Genetic Groups in an Animal Model

Abstract Rules are presented for assigning coefficients to the genetic group portion(s) of the mixed model equations after transformation to solve directly for total genetic value (group plus animal solutions) simultaneously for sires and cows using an animal model. Inclusion of all known relationships seems to reduce the need for groups to account for genetic selection and genetic trend. Migration of animals into a population, however, results in a need for grouping to account for genetic merit of the migrants. Selection of parents on which records are not available also creates a need for grouping. Group solutions represent the average genetic merit of phantom (unidentified, or represented by only one descendant) animals selected to be parents that do not have records available. Groups can be cross-classified with time and the genetic path of selection. The total genetic value for every animal includes a function of genetic groups. The function of genetic groups is specific for each individual animal and depends on the number of generations to the base phantom ancestors and on the genetic groups to which those phantom ancestors are assigned. The group coefficients presented account for genetic selection that cannot be defined by known genetic relationships.
A Comparison of Theory and Observation of the Echo I Satellite

Observations of the Echo I balloon satellite have been compared with a theory including the following perturbing effects: (1) solar radiation pressure; (2) lunar and solar gravitation; (3) second, third, and fourth harmonics of the earth's gravitational potential; and (4) atmospheric drag. With a set of orbital elements at the 26th day of the lifetime of the satellite, it was possible to match the observational data to 180 days with root mean square residuals as follows: Delta-a = 17.9 km, Delta-e = 0.0021, Delta-i = 0.0177 deg., Delta-omega = 1.1231 deg., Delta-Omega = 0.4821 deg., Delta-perigee height = 7.50 km. No differential correction has been applied as yet. Values of atmospheric density between 1500 and 930 km, assuming neutral drag effects only, have been inferred from the orbital data. The connection between solar activity and drag is also examined. As the Echo I perigee height continues to oscillate between 900 and 1500 km, more valuable orbital data will be obtained and atmospheric properties will be deduced. Further refinements in the mathematical model, especially in a time-dependent model atmosphere, should bring a substantial reduction in the residuals of the observations.
Isotropic Liquid Crystalline Film and Fiber Structures for Optical Limiting Application

The principal optical nonlinearities of isotropic liquid crystals are reviewed, and their potentials for all-optical limiting and switching applications are assessed. Our dynamic grating studies of a class of isotropic liquid crystals show that, in the nanosecond and longer time scales, the principal mechanisms for nonlinearities are laser induced ordering (molecular orientations), thermal and density fluctuations. We report optical limiting results obtained with bulk thin film and optical fiber fabricated from these isotropic crystals.
Ozone-induced hyperresponsiveness and blockade of M2 muscarinic receptors by eosinophil major basic protein.

Control of airway smooth muscle is provided by parasympathetic nerves that release acetylcholine onto M3 muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine release is limited by inhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors...
Characterizing Data Dependence Constraints for Dynamic Reliability Using N-Queens Attack Domains

As data centers attempt to cope with the exponential growth of data, new techniques for intelligent, software-defined data centers SDDC are being developed to confront the scale and pace of changing resources and requirements. For cost-constrained environments, like those increasingly present in scientific research labs, SDDCs also present the possibility to provide better reliability and performability with no additional hardware through the use of dynamic syndrome allocation. To do so the middleware layers of SDDCs must be able to calculate and account for complex dependence relationships to determine an optimal data layout. This challenge is exacerbated by the growth of constraints on the dependence problem when available resources are both large due to a higher number of syndromes that can be stored and small due to the lack of available space for syndrome allocation. We present a quantitative method for characterizing these challenges using an analysis of attack domains for high-dimension variants of the n-queens problem that enables performable solutions via the SMT solver Z3. We demonstrate correctness of our technique, and provide experimental evidence of its efficacy; our implementation is publicly available.
Infusing Ethics in Psychopharmacology Course Design

Creatively infusing ethics in psychopharmacology course design can better prepare future counselors to work with the complexities of holistic client concerns in a modern context. The authors provide a sample course design from a psychopharmacology course within a counselor education program targeting counselors-in-training to increase counseling ethics and values awareness. Implications for future mental health and school counselors are provided.
Intergenerational Theory: The Missing Element in Today's Intergenerational Programs

Various modifications to current theories of human development are suggested along with potential applications to intergen-erational programming. It is argued that a new intergenerational theory of human development should be developed that accounts for an increase in life span, contemporary societal values, and the role of environmental variables in shaping behavior. Such an intergenerational theoretical approach should be used to examine the potential developmental outcomes for specific age-group dyads engaged in programmatic activities. Implications of such an approach for research and program evaluation are also suggested.
Design and calibration of a planar imaging system for OH and O2 measurements in high-temperature, large-scale facilities

A planar laser-induced fluorescence (FLIP) imaging system for measurements of OH concentration and qualitative imaging of high-temperature O2 in large-scale combustion facilities has been developed. A tunable KrF laser is used to excite rotational transitions in the OH A£"V = 3)-Xn(j<" = 0) and O2 P?TU (v' = G)~X E~ (v" = 6) bands. Excitation and emission transition selections were guided by considerations of the expected thermodynamic conditions, beam attenuation, fluorescence trapping, temperature insensitivity, and mutual fluorescence interference. Absolute OH concentration is derived from the fluorescence signal by a separate calibration. The system was optimized for off-axis imaging with high collection efficiency. The ability of the imaging system to reject thermal luminosity was also assessed.
The Definition of a Quadratic Form

(1966). The Definition of a Quadratic Form. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 73, No. 10, pp. 1049-1056.
Taurus: A Holistic Language Runtime System for Coordinating Distributed Managed-Language Applications

Many distributed workloads in today's data centers are written in managed languages such as Java or Ruby. Examples include big data frameworks such as Hadoop, data stores such as Cassandra or applications such as the SOLR search engine. These workloads typically run across many independent language runtime systems on different nodes. This setup represents a source of inefficiency, as these language runtime systems are unaware of each other. For example, they may perform Garbage Collection at times that are locally reasonable but not in a distributed setting. We address these problems by introducing the concept of a Holistic Runtime System that makes runtime-level decisions for the entire distributed application rather than locally. We then present Taurus, a Holistic Runtime System prototype. Taurus is a JVM drop-in replacement, requires almost no configuration and can run unmodified off-the-shelf Java applications. Taurus enforces user-defined coordination policies and provides a DSL for writing these policies. By applying Taurus to Garbage Collection, we demonstrate the potential of such a system and use it to explore coordination strategies for the runtime systems of real-world distributed applications, to improve application performance and address tail-latencies in latency-sensitive workloads.
Effects of Controlled Feeding of Turkeys during the Pre-Breeder Period on Subsequent Performance

Abstract From feeding Large White female turkeys a 16% protein pelleted diet from 22 to 38 weeks of age (1) ad libitum, (2) three days per week, 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. only, and (3) 80% full-fed, body weight gains were 2.72, 1.51 and 1.16 kg, and feed consumptions were 23.19, 20.80, and 18.01 kg, respectively. From feeding male turkeys from 26 to 38 weeks of age according to treatments (1) and (2), body weight gains were 3.73 and .94 kg, and feed consumptions were 34.56 and 25.98 kg, respectively. All turkeys were full-fed mash diets between 38 and 62 weeks of age. During this period, the body weight gains of the three previously treated groups of females were −.51, .48 and .92 kg, feed consumptions were 39.82, 42.25 and 43.01 kg, and percent egg productions were 42.9, 41.1 and 38.2, respectively. Body weight gains of male turkeys from 38 to 42 weeks of age under the previous treatments were −.03 and 2.43 kg, and feed consumptions were 88.84 and 81.01 kg, respectively. Fertility of eggs was significantly better from hens inseminated with semen from males previously full-fed than those previously restricted in feed intake. Restricting feed intake of female and male turkeys during the pre-breeder period provides no specific advantage except for a saving in feed intake especially among males.
Development path reformation for the competitive sports in China-from “priority development”to “Common prosperity”

Competitive sports transfer from "priority development"to promote "common prosperity" of the mass sports is the important issue that need to be faced after the social development in China. To solve this problem,a profound reflection of the development of competitive sports in China is necessary,in order to promote the full range of reforms from the development concept to the specific institutional mechanisms. This paper presents the development path of competitive sports under the concept of sustainable development and utilitarian philosophy; the management mechanism of competitive sports,need to expand the range of the structural reform,put management squatting into practice and socialize the management mode to ensure a more people-oriented management mechanism; the working mechanism of mass sports,from the evaluation mechanism,resource integration mechanism and fitness atmosphere cultivate mechanism to achieve "common prosperity"with the competitive sports.
Epidemiological Investigation of a Tuberculosis Outbreak in School of Xingtai County

[Objectives]To understand the status of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis prevalence in Lujiana secondary school,provide the basis for prevention and control of tuberculosis among middle school students.[Methods]2198 teachers and students in Lujiana secondary school were tested by tuberculin test,chest fluoroscopy was carried out among people whose scleroma diminished was ≥20 mm or who had blister,radiography examination and sputum test was performed among people with abnormal results of chest fluoroscopy.[Results]The total positive rate was 12.10% (246/2038),the strong positive rate was 2.31% (47/2038),and the prevalence rate was 0.74% (15/2038).[Conclusion]According to the criteria of disease outbreak,the case was defined as continuous spread outbreak of tuberculosis. It is suggested that extensive health education should be carried out in all secondary schools,health and living conditions should be improved,healthy behaviors should be promoted and regular PPD screening should be implemented,in order to control tuberculosis prevalence among middle school students effectively.
In search of literature on alternative therapies

This information about the literature on alternative therapies is not all-inclusive. Our goal was to provide information on literature we consider valuable for locating credible resources. These sources can serve as a springboard to additional information on many of the commonly used alternative therapies. In evaluating information from the Internet, pharmacists should assess the site’s level of authority and take that into account when weighing the credibility and reliability of the material presented. The critical evaluator must bear in mind that much of the information on the Internet has not undergone peer review and that not all the studies reported were conducted as double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials—the "gold standard" for establishing the safety and efficacy of therapy, whether it be conventional or alternative.
Relative Equilibria of a Prolate Gyrostat with a Discrete Damper

We investigate the possible equilibria for a torque-free gyrostat with an attached springmass damper. The equations of motion are presented, and we develop explicit stability conditions for simple steady spins about principal axes using Routh-Hurwitz and Liapunov stability analyses. Numerical continuation determines additional equilibria using rotor momentum as the bifurcation parameter. Multiple equilibria are identified and characterized, including some interesting stable equilibria corresponding to steady spins about non-principal axes. Pitchfork bifurcations from the nominal-spin state are examined analytically using Liapunov-Schmidt reduction, which produces conditions on system parameters for avoiding a jump phenomenon. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the US Government.
Constellations of social support among underrepresented college students: Associations with mental health

ABSTRACTStudents from underrepresented groups are increasingly enrolling in 4-year institutions, yet they may face additional stressors upon entering college compared to majority peers. Supportive relationships with peers, parents, and natural mentors may foster successful adjustment to college among such students. The current study examined patterns of social support among 340 underrepresented first-year students at an elite, predominantly White, public university. Latent profile analysis was used to characterize support networks. Four profiles of support emerged: Average Frequency Support (AFS), Higher Frequency Support (HFS), Lower Frequency Support (LFS), and Compensatory Mentor Support (CMS). Participants in the HFS profile started college with the highest levels of psychological distress and also demonstrated the greatest improvements in mental health. Results suggest that the most vulnerable students may require greater support to have a psychologically healthy transition to college.
Use of Peer Groupings to Assess County Public Health Status

INTRODUCTION The Community Health Status Indicators Project was undertaken to produce county-specific reports assessing the status of community health for local jurisdictions throughout the United States. To accomplish this assessment, the Community Health Status Indicators Project team selected peer groupings of counties to monitor and analyze the health of local communities relative to peer communities. METHODS To identify peer counties, the project team used 5 categorical county demographic variables, a specified order for applying criteria, and a predetermined target for peer grouping size to subdivide counties into homogeneous subgroups called peer groupings. RESULTS Eighty-eight peer groupings were developed with 14-58 counties in each. The average size of each peer grouping was 35 counties. All peer groupings included counties representing at least 6 states. DISCUSSION Peer groupings are very useful for community health assessment. They convey the range of health status indicator values for similar counties, serve as a basis for expected numbers of reportable diseases, and provide a method for comparing communities with peer and U.S. medians. To maintain their usefulness, peer groupings must be updated periodically.
Showing your public face: does screening social media assess residency applicants’ professionalism?

Objective To evaluate the utility of social media as a screening tool for professionalism by searching the accounts of 4 th year medical students interviewing for Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency at Brown University before and after Match Day. Study Design Candidates interviewed had their readily available demographic information from their applications used to search for publically available information on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Google. The applicant's first and last names were typed into the search features of each social media platform. For popular names, the school that the applicant attended was used to further narrow the search results. Photos and education history were used to confirm the validity of the match between applicant and account. Content created by the user or pictures that "tagged" the applicant were evaluated; however, anything posted by "friends" was not used recorded. A quantitative analysis of publically accessible and private profiles, and content that was deemed inappropriate was performed. This was defined as behaving inappropriately in the medical setting, violating protected health information (PHI), boasting of substance use, sexually explicit content, or inappropriate (foul/racist/sexist) language. 1,2,3 The screening was performed both during interview season (February 15 - March 17, 2016) and after Match Day (June 14 - July 5, 2016) to assess for both content and profiles as well as any alterations after match day. The three authors each reviewed a summary of all viewable content and agreed on the results of the screening for inappropriate content. This study received approval by the Care New England - Women & Infants IRB. Results The accounts of 87 residency applicants were searched. No applicant met the criteria for inappropriate social network material for any of the domains in any publically accessible social media content either before or after Match Day. Before Match Day, 26.4% of the residency applicants had Facebook content a "non-friend" could view. Of the viewable accounts, 18.4% were "limited profile" before Match Day, with only a profile picture and some biographical information visible. After Match Day, 28.7% of the Facebook accounts were "limited profile." Only seven (8.0%) Twitter accounts were identified and of those accounts only three had posted any content within the prior year. There were only four (4.6%) Instagram accounts with pictures viewable to the public. No LinkedIn or Google searches yielded inappropriate content. Conclusion There were no instances of inappropriate content among candidates' publically available social media postings before or after Match Day. This suggests that medical students' public personas are professional either because it reflects their behavior or they are finding ways to keep their private social media accounts disconnected from their professional career. This can be achieved by having accounts under an obscure username or with increased privacy settings.
CIPHER: a flexible and extensive workflow platform for integrative next-generation sequencing data analysis and genomic regulatory element prediction.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are commonly used to identify key regulatory networks that drive transcriptional programs. Although these technologies are frequently used in biological studies, NGS data analysis remains a challenging, time-consuming, and often irreproducible process. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive and flexible workflow platform that can accelerate data processing and analysis so more time can be spent on functional studies. We have developed an integrative, stand-alone workflow platform, named CIPHER, for the systematic analysis of several commonly used NGS datasets including ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, MNase-seq, DNase-seq, GRO-seq, and ATAC-seq data. CIPHER implements various open source software packages, in-house scripts, and Docker containers to analyze and process single-ended and pair-ended datasets. CIPHER’s pipelines conduct extensive quality and contamination control checks, as well as comprehensive downstream analysis. A typical CIPHER workflow includes: (1) raw sequence evaluation, (2) read trimming and adapter removal, (3) read mapping and quality filtering, (4) visualization track generation, and (5) extensive quality control assessment. Furthermore, CIPHER conducts downstream analysis such as: narrow and broad peak calling, peak annotation, and motif identification for ChIP-seq, differential gene expression analysis for RNA-seq, nucleosome positioning for MNase-seq, DNase hypersensitive site mapping, site annotation and motif identification for DNase-seq, analysis of nascent transcription from Global-Run On (GRO-seq) data, and characterization of chromatin accessibility from ATAC-seq datasets. In addition, CIPHER contains an “analysis” mode that completes complex bioinformatics tasks such as enhancer discovery and provides functions to integrate various datasets together. Using public and simulated data, we demonstrate that CIPHER is an efficient and comprehensive workflow platform that can analyze several NGS datasets commonly used in genome biology studies. Additionally, CIPHER’s integrative “analysis” mode allows researchers to elicit important biological information from the combined dataset analysis.
Positive allosteric modulation of M 1 and M 4 muscarinic receptors as potential therapeutic treatments for schizophrenia.

Current antipsychotic drugs provide symptomatic relief for positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but do not offer symptom management for negative and cognitive symptoms. In addition, many patients discontinue treatment due to adverse side effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop more effective and safe treatment options. Although the etiology of schizophrenia is unclear, considerable data from post-mortem, neuroimaging and neuropharmacology studies support a role of the muscarinic acetylcholine (mAChRs) in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Substantial evidence suggests that activation of mAChRs has the potential to treat all symptom domains of schizophrenia. Despite encouraging results in demonstrating efficacy, clinical trials of nonselective mAChR agonists were limited in their clinical utility due to dose-limiting peripheral side effects. Accordingly, efforts have been made to specifically target centrally located M1 and M4 mAChR subtypes devoid of adverse-effect liability. To circumvent this limitation, there have been tremendous advances in the discovery of ligands that bind at allosteric sites, binding sites distinct from the orthosteric site, which are structurally less conserved and thereby afford high levels of receptor subtype selectivity. The discovery of subtype-specific allosteric modulators has greatly advanced our understanding of the physiological role of various muscarinic receptor subtypes in schizophrenia and the potential utility of M1 and M4 mAChR subtypes as targets for the development of novel treatments for schizophrenia and related disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors'.
Examination of interoception along the suicidality continuum.

Objective Interoception deficits have been associated with various points on the suicidality continuum. Most research, however, has focused on general, rather than specific facets of, interoception. This study compared individuals with lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts using a multidimensional assessment of interoception. Method A total of 537 adults completed measures of their interoception and lifetime suicide histories. Results Individuals with lifetime suicidal ideation reported more worry about their bodily sensations. Those with lifetime suicide attempts reported a greater tendency to distract themselves from bodily sensations and less self-regulation using bodily sensations. Individuals at all points of the suicidality continuum reported less trust of their bodily sensations. Conclusion These findings suggest that interoception may be impaired in those with a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Longitudinal designs are needed to parse apart the interplay of these variables and directionality of these relationships.
Future Practices and Technologies in Anthropometrics and Body Scanning

There have also been great strides in software development, to convert and manipulate 3D scan data, to make mannequins, lasts, patterns, tooling files, etc. The presenters invited to this special topic session are at the forefront of these research spaces, either through evaluating or utilizing these technologies for product design and development
COMPARING OF GENERAL HEALTH, LIFE EXPECTANCY AND HAPPINESS OF MOTHERS OF MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN WITH MOTHERS OF NORMAL CHILDREN

Because the pressure of having a disabled child, parents are forced to withdraw from normal social contacts. Parents, especially mothers are withdrawn due to the increase in social exclusion and isolation; parents tend to permanent focus too much on children's activities. The increased attention to children's disabilities brings psychological disturbances and reduces the life expectancy of mothers. This study compared general health, happiness and hope to the lives of mothers of normal children with mothers of mental retard children. The present study was using causal-comparative methods. Participants in the study mothers of mental retard and normal school students in Sari province were selected. 200 mothers (100 mental retard students mothers and 100 of normal students’ mothers) were selected through cloning method. Miller hopes questionnaire, questionnaire with 28 questions GHO, Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were used as research tools for statistical analysis of data, descriptive statistics (such as frequency tables, charts, etc.) and inferential statistics, independent t-test to compare two groups were used. The results showed that between hope, health and happiness of mothers of mental retard and normal students the difference was significant. The results showed that students' disabilities have negative effects on their mothers' public health, hope, and happiness. Article visualizations:
Learning and control of cooperative behaviors of wearable robot using inverse differential game

Building an intelligent machine that can seamlessly work with the human is a grand challenge. Observing humanhuman cooperation can give us a big clue to find out intrinsic principles, such that we can apply similar techniques onto the robots to let them cooperate with the humans. During the past decades, Game Theory has been widely investigated by many research communities to better describe the group behaviors as well as the human-human cooperation strategies. However, the lacking of systematic tools to retrieve the realistic objective functions makes this method hardly being verified. In this paper, we formulate the Human-Robot Interactions (HRIs) as linear Differential Games. In order to retrieve the objective function of the human, we proposed a new computational paradigm — Inverse Differential Game to learn the cost function parameters so as to interpret human cooperative behaviors. The mathematical approaches to solve the inverse problem using Convex Optimization have been derived. The experimental simulation was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of our algorithm.
Regulatory BC200 RNA in peripheral blood of patients with invasive breast cancer

Regulatory brain cytoplasmic 200 RNA (BC200 RNA) is highly expressed in human mammary carcinoma cells. Here, we ask whether BC200 RNA becomes detectable in peripheral blood of patients with invasive breast cancer. Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) methodology, we observed that BC200 RNA blood levels were significantly elevated, in comparison with healthy subjects, in patients with invasive breast cancer prior to tumorectomy (p=0.001) and in patients with metastatic breast cancer (p=0.003). In patients with invasive breast cancer who had recently undergone tumorectomy, BC200 RNA blood levels were not distinguishable from levels in healthy subjects. However, normality analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of patients in this group, including a subgroup of individuals with high residual BC200 RNA blood levels. In blood from patients with invasive breast cancer, BC200 RNA was specifically detected in the mononuclear leukocyte fraction. The qRT-PCR approach is sensitive enough to detect as few as three BC200 RNA-expressing tumor cells. Our work establishes the potential of BC200 RNA detection in blood to serve as a molecular indicator of invasive breast malignancy.
Whole-Tree Harvesting Affects Pine Regeneration and Hardwood Competition

Low quality, upland mixed broadleaved/pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 1-inch or 4-inch diameter limits in January or June 1980. Broadleaved coppice shoots and natural pine regeneration (Pinus taeda, jP. echinata) were observed in October 1981 and April 1982 respectively. Early pine establishment was very good following 1-inch winter harvest (7709 pine stems/acre), acceptable after 4-inch winter harvest (1829 stems/acre) and very poor after summer harvest (17-34 stems/acre). The treatment producing the best pine regeneration also produced the greatest number of braodleaved shoots. 12 references.
Novel Markers of Hemodynamic Stress

A marker of hemodynamic stress is a secreted molecule that is induced by hemodynamic stress, regardless of its function or mechanism of action. In this chapter, we describe the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2, a novel biomarker of hemodynamic stress in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. We also discuss other novel hemodynamic markers—adrenomedullin, urocortin, urotensin, and myotrophin —which are currently being evaluated in the clinical setting. Finally, we describe the usefulness of applying the genomics approach to a well-characterized in vivo animal model of hemodynamic stress, a discovery strategy for identifying novel biomarkers.
Molecular Evidence for the Phylogenetic Affinities of Cetacea

The phylogenetic affinities of Cetacea have not been clearly resolved by either molecular or morphological characters. The rapidly growing molecular data base should, in theory, complement anatomical evidence from the spectacular fossil discoveries of the past 15 years. Unfortunately, recent phylogenetic analyses show more conflict than compromise between molecules and morphology.
Antifibrosis Effect of Novel Oridonin Analog CYD0618 Via Suppression of the NF-κB Pathway.

Abstract Background Liver fibrosis is characterized as excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix proteins, primarily by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). NF-κB has been reported as one of the major mediators of HSC activation. Previously, our team reported that oridonin exhibited antihepatic fibrogenetic activity in vitro. In this study, we examined the effects of its novel derivative CYD0618 on HSC viability, apoptosis, and NF-κB signaling. Methods Cell proliferation of activated human and rat HSC lines LX-2 and HSC-T6 was measured using Alamar Blue Assay. Apoptosis was measured by a Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Cellular proteins were determined by Western blots and immunofluorescence. Results CYD0618 significantly inhibited LX-2 and HSC-T6 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. CYD0618 induced cell apoptosis in both cell lines. CYD0618 treatment increased cell cycle inhibitory protein p21, p27, and induced apoptosis marker cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, while suppressing the expression of Collagen type 1. CYD0618 blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity and prevented LPS-induced NF-κB inhibitory protein IκBα phosphorylation and degradation. LPS-stimulated NF-κB downstream target cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1 were attenuated by CYD0618. Endogenous and LPS-stimulated NF-κB p65 S536 phosphorylation was inhibited by CYD0618 treatment. Conclusions The potent antihepatic fibrogenetic effect of CYD0618 may be mediated via suppression of the NF-κB pathway.
An Application of the Bayesian Periodicity Test to Identify Diurnal Rhythm Genes in the Brain

Biological systems are extremely dynamic and many aspects of cellular processes show rhythmic circadian patterns. Extracting such information from large expression data is challenging. In this work, we present a modified application of the Empirical Bayes periodicity test to identify genes with diurnal rhythmic behavior in two brain regions. The hypothalamus and amygdala gene expression data were generated from 100 BXD recombinant inbred mice during the day hours. Brain samples were collected over the course of two days. We first filtered the transcripts based on rank correlation at matched time points between day-1 and day-2. We then applied the proposed test of periodicity to identify diurnal rhythm genes in the full cohort and gender-specific sub-cohorts. In hypothalamus, at a Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) of 0.01, we identified 15 transcripts with cyclic behavior in the full cohort, none, and 53 transcripts in the female and male cohort, respectively. Similarly, in amygdala, we identified 58 diurnal rhythm genes in the full cohort, and 1 and 28 in the female and male cohorts, respectively. In conclusion, we present a modified version of the empirical Bayes periodicity test to detect periodic expression patterns. Our results demonstrate that this approach can capture cyclic patterns from relatively noisy expression data sets.
Electrohydrodynamics of a liquid drop in AC electric fields

The aim of this study is to gain a detailed understanding of the behavior of a liquid drop in AC electric fields at finite Reynolds number. A front-tracking/finite difference method, in conjunction with Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric model, is used to solve the governing electrohydrodynamic equations. The evolution of the flow field and the drop deformation are studied for three representative fluid systems, corresponding to the three regions of the deformation–circulation map. It is shown that for the range of the physical parameters used here, the relaxation time during which the drop settles to its quasi-steady-state deformation is essentially the same as that predicted by the creeping flow solution. Furthermore, the mean (time-independent) deformation is well represented by its steady-state deformation in the corresponding DC field in a root-mean-square sense. The evolution of the flow field shows formation of closed vortices that cross the drop surface and move toward the ambient fluid or the drop, in line with the motion of the drop surface. The evolution of the kinetic energy of the flow field with time is investigated, and the correlations between the minimum and the maximum kinetic energy and the state of the drop deformation are explored.
Healthcare-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

The burden, cost, and complications of healthcare-associated urinary tract infections in the pediatric population are not well defined. Key risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) include the length of time of catheterization. The diagnosis of CAUTI is often challenging given the inherent difficulties in distinguishing bacterial colonization of urine from true infection. Surveillance utilizing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) criteria may not reflect clinical significance and is complicated by the potential overuse of urine culture for the evaluation of fever in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. CAUTI prevention bundles for the pediatric population are largely derived from evidence-based adult bundles. Children with congenital abnormalities of the genitourinary tract, spina bifida with neurogenic bladder, or who have had complex surgical repairs of the urogenital system require additional methods to prevent healthcare-associated urinary tract infections.