cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shock‐Induced Transformations in Hexagonal Boron Nitride by High‐Velocity Thermal Spray

Shock synthesis of cubic BN (c-BN) was accomplished using high-velocity thermal spray. Al-8Si-20BN (hexagonal BN, h-BN) composite powders were injected into a high-energy flame where the particles partially melted and accelerated to impact on steel substrates. The shock wave generated by the sudden impact of the droplets propagated through the underlying deposit, which experienced a polymorphic transition to high-pressure forms. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the deposits contained platelike c-BN embedded in h-BN. The c-BN formed with a specific orientation relation, with (0001) h-BN parallel to (111) c-BN and [11–20] h-BN nearly parallel to [2–20] c-BN. As a result of shock propagation, a number of half-Frank loops with Burgers vector ½[0001] were introduced and thin (∼3 nm) layers of amorphous BN (a-BN), parallel to the (0002) plane, were formed. Significant shearing of the (10–10) plane with respect to the c-axis, delamination, and kink bands were also observed in most of the h-BN grains. The Hugoniot pressure calculation suggested that the impact pressure was sufficient to trigger the nucleation of c-BN.
Can't You Control Your Children?

(2001). Can't You Control Your Children? The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 12-13.
Whole-home gesture recognition using wireless signals

This paper presents WiSee, a novel gesture recognition system that leverages wireless signals (e.g., Wi-Fi) to enable whole-home sensing and recognition of human gestures. Since wireless signals do not require line-of-sight and can traverse through walls, WiSee can enable whole-home gesture recognition using few wireless sources. Further, it achieves this goal without requiring instrumentation of the human body with sensing devices. We implement a proof-of-concept prototype of WiSee using USRP-N210s and evaluate it in both an office environment and a two- bedroom apartment. Our results show that WiSee can identify and classify a set of nine gestures with an average accuracy of 94%.
Population genetic diversity and phylogeographic divergence patterns of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

ABSTRACT Great Lakes populations of yellow perch have fluctuated throughout past decades to the present due to unstable recruitment patterns and exploitation. Our study analyzes genetic diversity and structure across the native range in order to interpret phylogeographic history and contemporary patterns. We compare complete mitochondrial DNA control region sequence) from 568 spawning individcing all 5 Great Lakes and outlying watersheds from the upper Mississippi River, Lake Winnipeg, Lake Champlain, and Atlantic and Gulf coastal relict populations. Theadces additionally are compared with fine-scale patterns from 334 individuals at 16 spawning across Lake Erie's 4 fishery management units. We identify 21 mtDNA haplotypes, including a widespread type that totals 87% of individuals across the Great Lakes. Overall genetic diversity is relatively low in comparison with other Great Lakes fishes, congruent with prior allozyme and microsatellite studies. The largest genetic demarcation separates 2 primary popul...
Aflatoxin and Nitrogen Balance in the Young Calf

Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to determine effects of aflatoxin on the nitrogen balance of 2- to 8-wk old male calves. Daily doses of a crude aflatoxin preparation were administered orally to four groups of three calves at 0, .02, .04, and .08 mg/kg body weight. Doses were adjusted weekly for changes in body weight. Feed intake, urine volume, and fecal excretion were measured weekly for 6 wk on a continual nitrogen balance. Nitrogen was determined on weekly feed, urine, and feces samples. Creatinine, urea, and allantoin determinations were on weekly serum and urine samples. Dose effects were significant for reduced feed intake (g/day), nitrogen balance (g/day), % nitrogen intake retained, fecal nitrogen (g/day), and fecal dry matter (g/day). Dose × week interactions were shown for feed intake, body weight, nitrogen retention, fecal nitrogen, and fecal dry matter. Urine volume (ml/day), urine nitrogen (g/day), and creatinine (mg/day) increased with increasing aflatoxin dose. None of the calves on aflatoxin treatment died. None of the calves went into negative balance (+15.7 to +8.3 g nitrogen/day). Nitrogen utilization decreased along with increased urinary nitrogen loss, due to aflatoxin treatment. A portion of the nitrogen urinary loss could be attributed to a loss of creatinine, particularly at the highest aflatoxin dose.
Simulating the Flow Dynamics in Hydroentangling Nozzles: Effect of Cone Angle and Nozzle Aspect Ratio:

Flow behavior in various nozzle shapes from the hydroentangling cone-capillary family is modeled in this paper. The work studies the effects of cone angle and nozzle aspect ratio (the ratio of the capillary section to its diameter) on water-jet formation. In particular, two sets of nozzles are considered. The first set consists of nozzles that have an aspect ratio of one and cone angles of 19, 15, 11, 7, and 3°, respectively. The nozzles in the second set have their inlet and outlet diameters fixed, but their aspect ratios vary from 1 to 6. The results from a two-phase axisymmetric steady-state model of turbulent nozzle flow reveal that decreasing the cone angle or increasing the nozzle aspect ratio does not affect the hydroentangling water-jet characteristics. The computational scheme is validated by comparing part of the results with the available experimental data in the literature.
Supramolecular dendrimer capsules by cooperative binding

We exploit the unique features of dendrimers as molecular nanospheres with many peripheral binding sites to show that maximizing cooperative binding enables a novel modular self-assembly approach to construct supramolecular capsules.
Reclaiming Lost Ancestors and Acknowledging Slave Descent: Insights from Madagascar

These three statements regarding personal ancestry were made to me by villagers during life history interviews I conducted a few months into my research in northeastern Madagascar. Each statement is an admission of slave ancestry, and I highlight them to introduce this paper for three reasons. First, such statements are not uncommon in these villages. Many villagers told stories of lost or stolen ancestors, forced labor for “nobles,” and slave ancestry. Second, much of the recent scholarship addressing slavery elsewhere in Madagascar has suggested that slavery is not easily discussed among contemporary residents of this Indian Ocean island. Thus, the fact that the people among whom I studied readily acknowledged their own slave descent by referring to their “lost” or “stolen” grandparents or to their own Makoa identity prompts further comparative inquiry. What factors explain acceptance of slave ancestry among some Malagasy and its concurrent stigmatization among others? Third, examination of variations in Madagascar's responses to slavery can lead us to new insights into the forms of identity and opportunity in other post-slave societies.
Magnesium, the Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Magnesium is an essential mineral and has been established as a cofactor for over 300 metabolic reactions in the body. Some research has indicated that lower intakes of magnesium and lower serum magnesium concentrations may lead to and are associated with the metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The goal of this review is to examine the research conducted on: 1) magnesium status, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 2) the effects of magnesium intake and/or supplementation on metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. To make this review as current as possible, the majority of research articles reviewed were from 2000 to the present.
Plasticity of metal nanowires

The mechanisms of plasticity in metal nanowires with diameters below 100 nm are reviewed. At these length scales, plasticity in face-centered-cubic metals subjected to uniaxial loading is dominated by dislocation nucleation from free surfaces, which has been studied extensively by molecular dynamics. These simulations show that nanowires can deform in a variety of ways including slip via perfect dislocations, partial dislocations and deformation twins. The competition between these mechanisms can be explained primarily through the Schmid factor and material properties, although surface orientation and roughness also contribute. The strength of these materials is very high and can be described by classical nucleation theory which predicts strong temperature and geometry dependence as well as a weak strain rate dependence. Additionally, nanowires exhibit, through twinning or phase transformation, pseudo-elastic and shape-memory behaviors which are attributed to their small size and the surface stress. The plasticity of nanowires subject to torsion and bending as well as those composed of body-centered-cubic metals are also summarized.
Unlocking the Physics of Hypervelocity Impact

Satellites and spacecraft in orbit can impact micrometeorites and other debris at velocities exceeding thousands of meters per second. The shock pressures and temperatures created by these hypervelocity impacts greatly surpass standard material strengths, and deform structures in unconventional failure modes. Under these extreme conditions and strain rates, plastic deformation of a solid can resemble viscous fluidic motion. Using meshless finite element analysis methods, the present research attempts to quantify this fluidic structural response and identify analogous interactions in fluid dynamics.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Review of Pharmacotherapy of Major Depression in Children and Adolescents

OBJECTIVE: The review examined the historical progression and current status of pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent major affective disorder. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was used to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of child and adolescent major depression. Only studies that used reliable diagnostic and recovery parameters were included. RESULTS: Few well-designed studies have compared placebo and tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. However, results consistently suggest that tricyclic antidepressants are not efficacious. Early results of double-blind placebo-controlled trials with fluoxetine and paroxetine have shown a significant drug effect. However, the results are inconsistent, which could reflect the ways that response to medication is defined, the ways that rating scales measure recovery, and uncertainties of dosing strategies with second-generation antidepressants. Hypothesized reasons for the unique response pattern...
Effect of Adult Diet on Longevity of Sterile Mediterranean Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract Fly longevity is critical to sterile release programs for Mediterranean fruit flies (medflies) because the longer sterile flies are present after a release, the greater the probability of mating. Current release programs provide sterile, adult medflies with sucrose in an agar matrix for 2-3 d before release. We used cages to compare the effects of different diets on the longevity of medfly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). A diet of dry hydrolyzed yeast + sucrose supplied during the pre-release interval did not significantly affect field survivorship of medfly adult males relative to the standard sucrose diet. Post-release diets, simulating nitrogen and sugar sources that released medflies may find after release, had significant effects on medfly survivorship. Hydrolyzed yeast + sucrose resulted in the highest medfly survivorship, followed by sucrose, and then water alone. Finally, diets containing hydrolyzed yeast were not found to have significant amounts of protein and thus are more likely nitr...
Treatment of Acne: Phototherapy with Blue Light

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how treatment of acne is possible with phototherapy. Acne is a multifactorial disorder of pilosebaceous units, and it affects the areas of skin with the greatest density of sebaceous follicles. These areas include the face, neck, chest, and back. In some cases, it can occur at some pressure areas, such as the jawline or buttock area, or it can occur after using some chemical substances such as cosmetics or hair-styling products. In addition, acne can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetics, hormones, mechanical irritation, and chemical products and organisms. Noninflammatory, as well as inflammatory lesions characterize acne. The noninflammatory lesions consist of open and closed comedones. Open comedones (blackheads) are small follicular papules containing a central black keratin plug, formed mainly due to the oxidation of the melanin pigment. Acne treatments can be classified into three groups: topical medications, oral medications, and surgical/physical agents. The benefits of topical therapy include its easy application and the lower systemic complications or systemic side effects, which are beneficial for some patients or parents concerned about taking systemic agents. Oral medications are prescribed to patients with moderate to severe acne. They are more effective than topical medications; however, there is an increased risk of systemic complications/side effects. Surgical/physical therapies are another option for acne treatment. These therapies can be used alone, or in combination with topical/oral medications to accelerate the treatment.
A brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach trees is caused by a nonsense mutation within the gibberellic acid receptor PpeGID1c

Little is known about the genetic factors controlling tree size and shape. Here, we studied the genetic basis for a recessive brachytic dwarfism trait (dw) in peach (Prunus persica) that has little or no effect on fruit development. A sequencing-based mapping strategy positioned dw on the distal end of chromosome 6. Further sequence analysis and fine mapping identified a candidate gene for dw as a non-functional allele of the gibberellic acid receptor GID1c. Expression of the two GID1-like genes found in peach, PpeGID1c and PpeGID1b, was analyzed. GID1c was predominantly expressed in actively growing vegetative tissues, whereas GID1b was more highly expressed in reproductive tissues. Silencing of GID1c in plum via transgenic expression of a hairpin construct led to a dwarf phenotype similar to that of dw/dw peaches. In general, the degree of GID1c silencing corresponded to the degree of dwarfing. The results suggest that PpeGID1c serves a primary role in vegetative growth and elongation, whereas GID1b probably functions to regulate gibberellic acid perception in reproductive organs. Modification of GID1c expression could provide a rational approach to control tree size without impairing fruit development.
Evolution of the ACC/AHA Clinical Practice Guidelines in Perspective: Guiding the Guidelines

The joint American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) have been in existence for >30 years, and their influence continues to grow [(1)][1]. Initiated in response to the U.S. government’s concern about a potential overuse of pacemakers
On the Space Complexity of Linear Programming with Preprocessing

It is well known that Linear Programming is P-complete, with a logspace reduction. In this work we ask whether Linear Programming remains P-complete, even if the polyhedron (i.e., the set of linear inequality constraints) is a fixed polyhedron, for each input size, and only the objective function is given as input. More formally, we consider the following problem: maximize c⋅x, subject to Ax ≤ b; x ∈ Rd, where A,b are fixed in advance and only c is given as an input.We start by showing that the problem remains P-complete with a logspace reduction, thus showing that n{o(1)-space algorithms are unlikely. This result is proved by a direct classical reduction.We then turn to study approximation algorithms and ask what is the best approximation factor that could be obtained by a small space algorithm. Since approximation factors are mostly meaningful when the objective function is non-negative, we restrict ourselves to the case where x > 0 and c > 0. We show that (even in this possibly easier case) approximating the value of c⋅x (within any polynomial factor) is P-complete with a polylog space reduction, thus showing nthat 2(log n)o(1)-space approximation algorithms are unlikely.The last result is proved using a recent work of Kalai, Raz, and Rothblum, showing that every language in P has a no-signaling multi-prover interactive proof with poly-logarithmic communication complexity. To the best of our knowledge, our result gives the first space hardness of approximation result proved by a PCP-based argument.
Motor Control Performance During Rapid Voluntary Movements of Elbow and Knee

Knowledge of motor control differences during rapid goal-directed movements of the upper and lower limbs could be useful in improving rehabilitation protocols. The authors investigated performance and control differences between elbow and knee joints and between different contraction types (concentric vs. eccentric) during rapid movements under externally applied load. There were no significant differences in performance and control with respect to joint (elbow vs. knee) but the performance during concentric contractions was better than eccentric for both the joints. The findings indicate that despite anatomical and functional differences, the CNS is finely tuned for both the joints to maximize the efficiency of movement during a dynamic environment, but there are differences in control strategies between the 2 contraction types.
From the Delta Banks to the Upper Ranks An Evaluation of KIPP Charter Schools in Rural Arkansas

Knowledge is Power Program Delta College Preparatory School (KIPP DCPS), an open-enrollment charter school,1 opened in 2002 in Helena, Arkansas. KIPP DCPS students have consistently outperformed th...
Super-Resolution Imaging Reveals a Difference between SERS and Luminescence Centroids

Super-resolution optical imaging of Rhodamine 6G surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and silver luminescence from colloidal silver aggregates are measured with sub-5 nm resolution and found to originate from distinct spatial locations on the nanoparticle surface. Using correlated scanning electron microscopy, the spatial origins of the two signals are mapped onto the nanoparticle structure, revealing that, while both types of emission are plasmon-mediated, SERS is a highly local effect, probing only a single junction in a nanoparticle aggregate, whereas luminescence probes all collective plasmon modes within the nanostructure. Calculations using the discrete-dipole approximation to calculate the weighted centroid position of both the |E|2/|Einc|2 and |E|4/|Einc|4 electromagnetic fields were compared to the super-resolution centroid positions of the SERS and luminescence data and found to agree with the proposed plasmon dependence of the two emission signals. These results are significant to the field...
American Poetry after Modernism: The Power of the Word

Albert Gelpi's American Poetry after Modernism is a study of sixteen major American poets of the postwar period, from Robert Lowell to Adrienne Rich. Gelpi argues that a distinctly American poetic tradition was solidified in the later half of the twentieth century, thus severing it from British conventions. In Gelpi's view, what distinguishes the American poetic tradition from the British is that at the heart of the American endeavor is a primary questioning of function and medium. The chief paradox in American poetry is the lack of a tradition that requires answering and redefining - redefining what it means to be a poet and, likewise, how the words of a poem create meaning, offer insight into reality, and answer the ultimate questions of living. Through chapters devoted to specific poets, Gelpi explores this paradox by providing an original and insightful reading of late-twentieth-century American poetry.
The neurologic complications of congenital heart disease.

In the past, neurologic complications in patients with congenital heart disease usually occurred spontaneously in an older population of patients who were cyanotic and unrepaired. The advances in cardiology and cardiac surgery have enabled early repair or palliation of even complex lesions that once were considered inoperable. Neurologic complications today usually occur in younger patients and more often are associated with procedures such as cardiac surgery or cardiac catheterization.
Preservice Teachers’ Reflective Journaling: A Way to Know Culture

In this chapter, journal writing is featured as a teacher education practice through which prospective U.S. teachers come to know Chinese cultural phenomenon vastly different than their own firmly held and enacted beliefs. Narrative threads from numerous preservice teachers’ journals are seamed together through the use of narrative inquiry’s analytical tools. The narrative exemplars that are produced reinforce the personal, social and professional importance of creating a reflective writing space through which many expressions of culture and preservice teachers’ reflective responses to them can be channeled in productive and potentially transformative ways that stand to increase cross-cultural understanding.
Feminized Correspondence, the Unknown Public, and the Egalitarian Professional of Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White

Victorian social commentator and journalist James Grant, as early as 1838, said of Ted Underwood, a famous begging-letter writer: ‘Had he turned his attention to novel-writing, instead of to the profession of begging-letter imposter, there is no saying how high his name might at this moment have stood in the current literature of the country.’1 Grant tapped into the fear arising from egalitarianism afoot in the Victorian literary world: that it would invite and institute manipulators into the profession. David Copperfield and The Woman in White differ in their reactions to such a claim for begging-letter writers and their ilk. Dickens’s David Copperfield betrays a desire to celebrate all who write with relative aesthetic sophistication and social consciousness, no matter their class rank. The novel even toys with the idea of deeming all such writers literary professionals. However, David Copperfield also maintains that the Victorian literary world is not yet fully open to those marginalized voices, not even to those capable of producing true art. The funereal cast surrounding David, the established literary professional, does not necessarily bode imminent or egalitarian change for the Victorian literary world.
Mechanism of Manganese-Catalyzed Oxygen Evolution from Experimental and Theoretical Analyses of 18O Kinetic Isotope Effects

The biomimetic oxomanganese complex [MnIII/IV2(μ-O)2(terpy)2(OH2)2](NO3)3 (1; terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) catalyzes O2 evolution from water when activated by oxidants, such as oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4). The mechanism of this reaction has never been characterized, due to the fleeting nature of the intermediates. In the present study, we elucidate the underlying reaction mechanism through experimental and theoretical analyses of competitive kinetic oxygen isotope effects (KIEs) during catalytic turnover conditions. The experimental 18O KIE is a sensitive probe of the highest transition state in the O2-evolution mechanism and provides a strict constraint for calculated mechanisms. The 18O kinetic isotope effect of 1.013 ± 0.003 measured using natural abundance reactants is consistent with the calculated isotope effect of peroxymonosulfate binding to the complex, as described by density functional theory (DFT). This provides strong evidence for peroxymonosulfate binding being both the first irreversible ...
Three Roads to Magdalena: Coming of Age in a Southwest Borderland, 1890–1990. By David Wallace Adams

Three Roads to Magdalena: Coming of Age in a Southwest Borderland, 1890–1990 . By David Wallace Adams. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2016. ix + 437 pp. Illustrations, map, notes, bibliography, index. $34.95, cloth; $34.95, e-book.) Hundreds of hours of interviews plus decades of field work and research inform this substantive study that, as its author explains, “is written at the intersection of borderland and childhood history” (p. x). The richest insights come from memories presented in personal stories that David Wallace Adams uses most thoughtfully. His work navigates the cultural context and social intersections of three distinct groups within the immediate region of Magdalena—Hispanics, Anglos, and Navajos. What emerges is a multicultural, yet remarkably intimate, portrait of a distinct place in the American Southwest. Located in … clydemilner{at}gmail.com
Functional Toxicogenomic Profiling Expands Insight into Modulators of Formaldehyde Toxicity in Yeast.

Formaldehyde (FA) is a commercially important chemical with numerous and diverse uses. Accordingly, occupational and environmental exposure to FA is prevalent worldwide. Various adverse effects, including nasopharyngeal, sinonasal, and lymphohematopoietic cancers, have been linked to FA exposure, prompting designation of FA as a human carcinogen by U.S. and international scientific entities. Although the mechanism(s) of FA toxicity have been well studied, additional insight is needed in regard to the genetic requirements for FA tolerance. In this study, a functional toxicogenomics approach was utilized in the model eukaryotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify genes and cellular processes modulating the cellular toxicity of FA. Our results demonstrate mutant strains deficient in multiple DNA repair pathways–including homologous recombination, single strand annealing, and postreplication repair–were sensitive to FA, indicating FA may cause various forms of DNA damage in yeast. The SKI complex and its associated factors, which regulate mRNA degradation by the exosome, were also required for FA tolerance, suggesting FA may have unappreciated effects on RNA stability. Furthermore, various strains involved in osmoregulation and stress response were sensitive to FA. Together, our results are generally consistent with FA-mediated damage to both DNA and RNA. Considering DNA repair and RNA degradation pathways are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans, mechanisms of FA toxicity identified in yeast may be relevant to human disease and genetic susceptibility.
Language insights for caregivers with young children

ABSTRACTHow to help babies and young children right from birth to become competent in talking as well as emergent literacy is illustrated by research findings as well as with specific clinical stories. Both kinds of knowledge can serve to galvanize parents and teachers to increase awareness of infant and preschool language development and the crucial role of caregivers in providing richly varied, focused, and effective ways to enhance children's early language skills.
Ataxia telangiectasia and juvenile idiopathic arthritis

We report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of a child with typical ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) who developed juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The patient was a 15-year-old boy with A-T who presented with noninfectious polyarthritis. A-T is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and predisposition to cancer. The gene responsible for A-T is the A-T mutated (ATM) gene. Clinical manifestations of the disorder are the result of lacking ATM protein, which is involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, various checkpoints in the cell cycle, gene regulation, translation, initiation, and telomere maintenance. There are a few articles that describe deficiency of the DNA repair enzyme, ATM, in rheumatoid arthritis, but the connection between the absence of ATM protein and JIA has not been presented or studied yet. JIA is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by arthritis of unknown origin with onset before the age of 16 years. It is the most common childhood chronic rheumatic disease and causes significant disability. Because immunodeficiency can be part of A-T, infectious arthritis can occur, but chronic autoimmune arthritis in these patients is rare. We report a rare case of a 15-year-old boy with A-T and JIA. This case shows a possible relationship between altered function of ATM protein and the pathogenesis of JIA.
Acute Lameness in a Roller Pigeon (Columba livia) with Multicentric Lymphosarcoma

SUMMARY A 3-yr-old adult female roller pigeon (Columba livia) used as part of a breeding pair for an ongoing research study presented with acute left limb lameness. Palpation of the left leg and region revealed a large lump near the coxofemoral joint. The bird was able to ambulate in the cage, but would not brood her hatchling. The bird was humanely euthanized and necropsy was performed. Grossly, multiple large white to pale tan nodules were noted in the pancreas, lung, rib cage, intestines, and unilaterally in the left kidney. Microscopic examination of the various organs revealed neoplastic proliferation of round cells consistent with lymphoblasts. Immunohistochemistry was performed with the use of antibodies to CD3, CD79a, CD20, and CD21 to phenotype the cells. The results indicated that the neoplastic infiltrating cells were predominantly of T-cell origin.
Automated quantitative analyses (AQUA) of cyclic-AMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB), and ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated protein kinase (ATM) protein expression in patients (pts) undergoing thoracic radiation for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

e13537 Background: Increased protein expression of CREB, a DNA damage-regulated transcription factor, has been associated with poor survival in advanced NSCLC. We have demonstrated that exposure of...
Event Centrality as Mediator Between Attributions and Mental Health Outcomes

ABSTRACTConsistent with the Reformulated Model of Learned Helplessness, attributions that are more internal, stable, and global have been shown to be associated with greater posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms. Even though the Reformulated Model of Learned Helplessness has been revised to clarify that attributions are most likely to lead to adverse outcomes when the event is considered to be important to the person and the outcomes very negative (Hopelessness Model of Depression), most attribution studies do not account for the importance of the event to the individual. The current study examined whether perceptions of event importance mediated the relationship between attributions and posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms in a sample of 313 college students who reported about their worst life event. Consistent with the Hopelessness Model of Depression, results supported the mediational role of event significance. Findings suggest that maladaptive attributions may contribute to symptoms of...
The Silent Implementation of Controversial Practices:Korean Firms’ Alternative Forms of Decoupling

While studies of the diffusion of controversial practices have uncovered how and why firms decouple their public adoption of the practice via non- implementation, we introduce the analysis of a sec...
Ab initio analysis on potential superbases of several hyperlithiated species: Li3F2O and Li3F2OHn (n = 1, 2)

A systematic investigation on the potential basicity of the novel hyperlithiated species Li3F2O and Li3F2(OH)n (n = 1, 2) based upon the superalkali cluster Li3F2 was conducted using high-level ab initio techniques. Equilibrium structures for both the neutral and anionic states in the gas-phase were identified and their relative stabilities using atomization enthalpies are analysed and compared with their respective proton affinities and gas-phase basicities. Our calculations, using a modified form of the CBS-QB3 composite method, identified several unique structures that possess superbase potential comparable to the proton affinity of Roger Alder's canonical Proton Sponge. The calculations show that, in general, as the number of hydroxide groups increase, so too does the proton affinity.
Jersey Gold: The Newark Overland Company’s Trek to California, 1849

As a “Jersey kid” from the Newark area I was attracted to this book and felt it appropriate to take on this review when it was offered to me. I particularly was interested in what it might reveal a...
Cultural concerns: How valuing social-image shapes social emotion

I present a conceptual and methodological approach that views emotion as immersed in culture and driven by cultural concerns. These cultural concerns include a desire for positive social-image (e.g...
Design and Evaluation of Low-Cost and Energy-Efficient Magneto-Inductive Sensor Nodes for Wireless Sensor Networks

A set of low-cost and energy-efficient sensor nodes are designed and implemented using magnetic induction (MI) communications for wireless sensor networks (WSN), which are especially suited for underwater and underground networks where the conventional mode of communication does not perform well. Hardware features of the sensor nodes include a three-dimensional MI coil antenna and its different configurations for transmit and receive operations, low-power circuits for sleep mode, several types of sensors, data storage, and best transmit/receive circuits selected to achieve the maximum communication range with low-power consumption. The material cost of a sensor node is less than $\$$ 100 USD at the prototyping stage and can be drastically reduced at volume production. Software design utilizes low-power modes of microcontrollers and power supply circuits, state machine implementation of sleep, receive, sensing, and transmit modes, range estimation from received signal strength indicators (RSSIs), and medium access protocols, such as carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). Extensive lab and field tests conducted with the sensor nodes demonstrate promising performance in terms of low-power consumption, communication range, range estimation, and robustness against mismatching of coil orientations, and networking capabilities. The current consumption is as low as 60 $\mu$ A in sleep mode, 0.49 $\text{m}$ A in receive mode, and 253 $\text{m}$ A in transmit mode. The sensor node achieves a maximum of 40-m range with 1 kb/s data rate at 125 kHz carrier frequency.
Isomeric Carborane Neuromuscular Blocking Agents

We synthesized a family of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMB) based on decamethonium, but containing a carborane cluster in the methylene chain between the two quaternary ammonium groups. The carborane cluster isomers o-NMB, m-NMB, and p-NMB were tested in animals for neuromuscular block and compared with agents used clinically: rocuronium and decamethonium. All three isomers caused reversible muscle weakness in mice as determined by grip strength and inverted screen tests, with a potency rank of p-NMB > rocuronium > decamethonium > m-NMB > o-NMB. The mechanism of action of the compounds was determined by using the in vitro rat phrenic nerve hemi-diaphragm preparation and electrophysiologic measurements in cells. Neostigmine reversed hemi-diaphragm weakness caused by the three isomers and rocuronium, but not succinylcholine. In electrophysiologic recordings of currents through acetylcholine receptor channels, the carborane compounds did not activate channel activity but did inhibit channel activation by acetylcholine. These results demonstrate that the carborane neuromuscular blocking agents are non-depolarizers in contrast to the depolarizing action of the parent compound.
Transjugular Portosystemic Shunt Reductions: A Retrospective Single-Center Experience.

Abstract Purpose To report the results of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) reductions for hepatic encephalopathy (HE), acute liver failure (ALF), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Materials and Methods A single-institution retrospective review analysis was performed between 2007 and 2017 on patients undergoing TIPS reduction at single tertiary liver transplant center. A total of 27 patients (14 males and 13 females) underwent TIPS reduction for refractory HE (n = 18), ALF (n = 7), and PH (n = 2). The average age at time of reduction was 59 years (range, 23–73; standard deviation [SD], 8). Mean prereduction Model of End-State Liver Disease-Na and portosystemic pressure gradient were 19 (range, 11–29; SD, 6) and 9.4 mm Hg (range, –2 to 19; SD, 4.8), respectively. Comparison between responders and nonresponders was performed for multiple variables using a 2-tailed t test. Methods of reduction were compared in cases of HE. Results Technical success, defined as a decrease of at least 50% of the caliber of the shunt, was 100%. Clinical success rates in improving HE, ALF, and PH were calculated at 89%, 71%, and 100%, respectively. Eight patients had major and 10 had minor complications after the reductions. There were 3 shunt thrombosis. Pre- and postreduction Model of End-State Liver Disease-Na, portosystemic pressure gradient change, duration of indwelling TIPS, and reduction method were not significantly different between responders and nonresponders. Six-month survival rates were 80%, 20%, and 100% for HE, ALF, and PH, respectively. Conclusions TIPS reduction is effective in reversing refractory HE, ALF, and PH after TIPS creation. TIPS reduction is associated with a high rate of complications and should be reserved for severe refractory overshunting complications.
The Transition Trajectory for the Patient with a Traumatic Brain Injury

The trajectory status of patients with mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury from emergency room evaluation, through acute care (intensive care if severe) and discharge is discussed. Additional considerations for elderly population and common complications associated with severe traumatic brain injury are also covered.
Abstract 3389: Analysis of the hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptome reveals dysregulation in pathways implicated in immunotherapy efficacy

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world, but current treatment options are very limited in efficacy for patients who are diagnosed late, which often occurs because of limitations in current screening methods. Immunotherapy has emerged in recent years as arguably the most effective treatment for advanced HCC, but the failure of a large percentage of patients to respond to immunotherapy remains the ultimate obstacle to successful treatment. A phase I clinical trial with CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade has only achieved a 17.6% partial response rate in patients with advanced HCC, while another clinical trial using the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab has reported 18% partial response. Etiology-associated dysregulation of immune-associated (IA) genes may be able to explain the development of this differential clinical response. Using large-scale RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified immune-associated genes potentially dysregulated by alcohol or viral hepatitis B in HCC. Thirty-four dysregulated IA genes exhibiting significant correlation of gene expression to survival data and clinical variables were identified. To investigate the molecular mechanism for their dysregulation and explore the possibility of genome-based patient stratification, we profiled the correlation of all genomic alterations in HCC patients to IA gene expression using the information theory-based algorithm REVEALER. We also studied gene expression regulators and identified multiple microRNAs implicated in HCC pathogenesis that can potentially regulate these IA genes’ expression. Finally, we validated the dysregulation of several genes by alcohol, including the downregulation of NDRG2 and SOCS2, in vitro using HCC cell lines. Our study identified several potentially key pathways, including the IL-7 pathway, TNFRSF4 (OX40)- NF-κB pathway, and IL-10 pathway, that may be targeted in HCC immunotherapy treatments as well as possible sources of dysregulation for pathways known to be implicated in HCC immunotherapy efficacy. Lastly, we present microRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for dysregulated IA genes because of their extensive regulatory roles in the cancer immune landscape. Citation Format: Wei Tse Li, Christine O. Honda, Yuanhao Qu, Thomas K. Honda, Omar A. Saad, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, Weg M. Ongkeko. Analysis of the hepatocellular carcinoma transcriptome reveals dysregulation in pathways implicated in immunotherapy efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3389.
The feasibility and usability of a mobile application for performing home evaluations.

Prospective study. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and usability of a family member and a clinician completed home evaluation process using an adapted commercial MagicPlan mobile application (MPMA) and laser distance measurer (LDM). An acute inpatient rehabilitation unit and homes in the community. MPMA allows users to create floor plans (FPs), which may include virtually inserted pieces of durable medical equipment (DME). The MPMA with an LDM allows users to virtually demonstrate that ordered DME will fit within the measured environments. After training with an online educational module, the family member of someone on the acute inpatient unit (lay participant) went home to measure room dimensions and to create FPs using the MPMA and LDM. After completing the task, lay participants returned the FPs for review by clinicians responsible for ordering DME. Forty-three lay participants and nine clinicians finished the study. Clinicians were satisfied with 75% of the FPs created by the lay participants using version 2 of the educational module. The lay participants and clinicians both thought the MPMA is useful and recommended its use. The MPMA with an LDM can be used to virtually complete a home evaluation and to evaluate for the appropriateness of various considered DME. The method of performing home evaluations may lead to more appropriate DME recommendations to improve functional independence for individuals with disabilities. This work was supported by Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, QOL Sustainable Impact Projects (431146).
Synthesis dynamics of silver nanowires galvanically displaced by platinum salts: a fabrication route for oxygen reduction electrocatalysts and metal electrodeposition electrodes

The advancement of conductive and flexible thin films is relevant to an assortment of energy applications ranging from organic photovoltaics, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and dynamic windows. Here, we develop an inexpensive, fast, and adjustable method to yield nanowire arrays on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates for the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction and for reversible metal electrodeposition. Ag nanowires serve as a non-sacrificial template for Pt deposition and allow for the synthesis of bimetallic Pt/Ag nanowires. When not properly controlled, the galvanic displacement reaction occurring at the solid–liquid interface between Ag nanowires and aqueous Pt ions results in nonuniform nucleation and growth profiles, which creates micron-sized gaps in the nanowire arrays. These gaps, which result in poorly conducting thin films, increase in prevalence when immersion length and Pt concentration are increased. Multiple cycles of 10-min immersions in 10 mM K2PtCl4 yield bimetallic Pt/Ag nanowires that maintain the high aspect ratios and conductivities of the initial Ag nanowires, while the added Pt improves electrocatalytic performance and electrochemical durability.
Curbside consultation: A means to promote quality patient care.

Abstract The objective of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to describe curbside consultation, a bidirectional informal discussion with a colleague “expert” concerning patient care, among nurse practitioners. Curbside consultations are valuable, yet little is known about this process use for nurse practitioners. A national convenience sample was recruited using online social media platforms and email. Data were collected in June 2019 via Qualtrics survey software. Web-based survey included 80 questions concerning use and definition of curbside consultation, and followed STROBE guidelines for reporting. Questions also concerned work environment, personal and interpersonal qualities, communication modality and patient engagement. Descriptive and survey item analyses including frequency, percentage, means and standard deviation, Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and one-way independent t-tests. Participants included nurse practitioners (N = 402) in primary (51.2%, N = 206) and specialty care (46%, N = 185). Nurse practitioners reported positive experiences with curbside consultations (96.8%, N = 384) and that reliable access to colleagues was correlated with multiple variables, including practice culture (r = 0.494, p = .001). Most reported (99%, N = 387) patients receive better care with successful curbside consultation. Curbside consultations provide nurse practitioners information access at point-of-care for implementation of evidence-based practice to promote quality patient care. Addition of curbside consultation education is a compelling consideration of nurse practitioner curriculum.
Trusting In Order to Inspire Trustworthiness

This paper explores the epistemology and moral psychology of “therapeutic trust,” in which one trusts with the aim of inspiring greater trust-responsiveness in the trusted. Theorists have appealed to alleged cases of rational therapeutic trust to show that trust can be adopted for broadly moral or practical reasons and to motivate accounts of trust that do not involve belief or confidence in someone’s trustworthiness. Some conclude from the cases that trust consists in having normative expectations and adopting vulnerabilities with respect to the trusted; others that trust involves accepting (without necessarily believing) that someone will prove trustworthy. Although there are, I argue, some genuine cases of rational therapeutic trust, some prominent examples confuse trusting with entrusting and are actually counterexamples to the adopted vulnerabilities and acceptance accounts they have been taken to support. An alternative account, which construes trust in terms of being confident enough to take salient risks on someone’s trustworthiness, makes better sense of therapeutic trust.
Household economic instability: Constructs, measurement, and implications.

Abstract A growing body of research demonstrates the multiple dimensions and dynamism of family income and employment. The metrics of household economic instability and their associations with household characteristics and hardship require further examination in order to compare across studies, subgroups, and historical periods. This paper empirically examines and compares commonly used measures of income and employment instability, how these measures inter-relate, vary by household characteristics, and how they predict household hardship. Using longitudinal data from the 2008 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), and focusing on households with children, this study examined a range of descriptive measures of economic instability, including in income, earnings, public assistance benefits, and employment status, and how these measures related to each other. Results indicate that overall rates of income and employment instability were high, particularly among less-educated families, those with young children, and those who did not own a home. Economic instability, particularly decreases in employment, was associated with increased household hardship three months later. Findings also show that the source of income included in the instability measure affects the patterns identified and conclusions drawn, whereas the specific type of measure used matters less. Results highlight the instability of public assistance benefits and suggest that safety net programs must take economic instability into account when designing programs and benefits.