cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Following the trail: understanding information flow in the emergency department

A hospital emergency department (ED) is a complex cognitive work system. ED providers routinely create, process and share various kinds of information in their work. They may constantly transform information using technological artifacts such as an electronic patient information system. The functionality in the technology, however, limits their tasks and activities. So, they create their own artifacts (such as handwritten notes on a post-it note), to share and process information. The goal of the paper is to illustrate how health providers in EDs create, process, transform and share information to achieve work goals. We present the information trail model in the ED to illustrate various facets of information creation activity and generate insights for health information technology design.
Isolation induced aggression and catecholamine variations in discrete brain areas of the mouse

Norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) levels and turnover were measured in 17 discrete brain regions of Swiss-Webster (NIH) mice made aggressive by prolonged isolation. The NE steady state level was significantly lower in olfactory tubercle and substantia nigra and significantly higher in the septal area of the aggressive mice when compared to the isolated non-fighter controls. NE turnover was only higher in the A-10 region of the aggressors. DA steady state level and turnover was lower in olfactory tubercle and higher in caudate putamen of the aggressors. The significance of these changes in isolation-induced aggression is discussed.
The Silence of the Stakeholders: Zero Decibel Level at Enron

While the demise of Enron has raised a number of interesting issues, such as proper governance of large corporations, and the effectiveness and efficiency of statutory direction and regulatory mechanisms, the lack of meaningful vocal stakeholder stewardship has not been one of them. While the relative “silence” of Enron’s stakeholders (watchdogs) could simply have been a communication glitch, or a temporary lapse in social morality, an understanding of hat was not said and why, could well be a significant requisite in formulating meaningful measures to preclude future Enrons. Why weren’t the watchdogs barking? Why had the stakeholder alert system shut down? Further, what are the implications for then and now of this quiescence? Since Enron’s demise many questions have been asked and answered about what went wrong. But little has been said about why the stakeholders failed to speak out by exercising their fiduciary responsibilities. This paper takes a closer look at the behavior of some key Enron stakeholders.
Interspecies cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to various epitopes of human plasminogen.

Abstract The immunological cross-reactivities of three conformationally specific monoclonal antibodies to distinct epitopes on human plasminogen toward plasminogens purified from 14 additional species have been examined. Antibody 10-F-1, which is produced against an epitope on the kringle 4 region of human plasminogen, shows a high degree (>80%) of cross-reactivity against baboon, goat, monkey, ovine, and rabbit plasminogens; more limited (20–50%) cross-reactivity against bovine, equine, goose, guinea pig, mouse, rat, and porcine plasminogens; and little comparable cross-reactivity against canine and chicken plasminogens. Antibody 10-H-2, generated to an epitope of the kringles 1–3 region of human plasminogen, shows extensive cross-reactivity (72%) only toward monkey plasminogen, more limited (22–35%) cross-reactivity toward equine and rabbit plasminogens, and much less cross-reactivity toward any other of the above plasminogens. Antibody 10-V-1, also produced against an epitope on the kringle 1–3 region of human plasminogen, which is distinct from the 10-H-2 epitope, shows extensive cross-reactivity (72–100%) with baboon, monkey, and rabbit plasminogens; more limited cross-reactivity with equine (48%) and mouse (28%) plasminogens; and a low level of such reactivity with the remaining plasminogens. These studies show that the extent of interspecies cross-reactivity of various plasminogens greatly depends upon the epitope in question. The K4 region of these molecules appears more extensively conserved than the K1-3 region, at least in regard to the particular epitopes examined in this study.
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases Enhance Neurotoxicity of DNA Damage

The nonselective inhibitors of class I/II histone deacetylases (HDACs) including trichostatin A and the clinically used suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, vorinostat) are neuroprotective in several models of neuronal injury. Here, we report that in cultured cortical neurons from newborn rats and in the cerebral cortex of whole neonate rats, these HDAC inhibitors exacerbated cytotoxicity of the DNA double-strand break (DSB)-inducing anticancer drug etoposide by enhancing apoptosis. Similar neurotoxic interactions were also observed in neurons that were treated with other DNA damaging drugs including cisplatin and camptothecin. In addition, in rat neonates, SAHA increased cortical neuron apoptosis that was induced by a single injection of the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (MK801). In etoposide-treated neurons, the nonselective HDAC inhibition resulted in more DSBs. It also potentiated etoposide-induced accumulation and phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic transcription factor p53. Moreover, nonselective HDAC inhibition exacerbated neuronal apoptosis that was induced by the overexpressed p53. Importantly, such effects cannot be fully explained by inhibition of HDAC1, which is known to play a role in DSB repair and regulation of p53. The specific HDAC1 inhibitor MS275 only moderately enhanced etoposide-induced neuronal death. Although in etoposide-treated neurons MS275 increased DSBs, it did not affect activation of p53. Our findings suggest that besides HDAC1, there are other class I/II HDACs that participate in neuronal DNA damage response attenuating neurotoxic consequences of genotoxic insults to the developing brain.
Prediction of the vertical profile of ozone based on ground-level ozone observations and cloud cover.

Abstract A number of statistical techniques have been used to develop models to predict high-elevation ozone (O3) concentrations for each discrete hour of day as a function of elevation based on ground-level O3 observations. The analyses evaluated the effect of exclusion/inclusion of cloud cover as a variable. It was found that a simple model, using the current maximum ground-level O3 concentration and no effect of cloud cover provided a reasonable prediction of the vertical profile of O3, based on data analyzed from O3 sites located in North Carolina and Tennessee. The simple model provided an approach that estimates the concentration of O3 as a function of elevation (up to 1800 m) based on the statistical results with a ±13.5 ppb prediction error, an R2 of 0.56, and an index of agreement, d 1, of 0.66. The inclusion of cloud cover resulted in a slight improvement in the model over the simple regression model. The developed models, which consist of two matrices of 24 equations (one for each hour of day f...
On point energies, separation radius and mesh norm for s -extremal configurations on compact sets in R n

We investigate bounds for point energies, separation radius, and mesh norm of certain arrangements of N points on sets A from a class Ad of d-dimensional compact sets embedded in Rd', 1 ≤ d ≤ d'. We assume that these points interact through a Riesz potential V = |ċ|-s, where s > 0 and |ċ| is the Euclidean distance in Rd'. With δs*(A, N) and ρs*(A, N) denoting, respectively, the separation radius and mesh norm of s-extremal configurations, which are defined to yield minimal discrete Riesz s-energy, we show, in particular, the following.(A) For the d-dimensional unit sphere Sd ⊂ Rd + 1 and s d, δs*(A, N) ≥ cN-1/d and the mesh ratio ρs*(A, N)/δs*(A, N) is uniformly bounded for a wide subclass of Ad. We also conclude that point energies for s-extremal configurations have the same order, as N → ∞
Hospital Payment Systems: Will Payers Like The Future Better Than The Past?

Unsustainable health care cost growth has forced payers to reexamine goals for hospital payment systems. Employers want simplicity and transparency, with comparative performance data available in the public domain. Insurers favor simplicity but prefer to keep the analysis of comparative performance data and pricing private. Thirty-five pay-for-performance experiments have been devised in the private sector, to reward hospitals for higher quality and move toward more effective payment systems. Definitive results are not yet known, and caveats remain, but early signs are promising. We develop three scenarios for future hospital payment systems and identify policy actions to improve outcomes.
Robust estimation of optimal dynamic treatment regimes for sequential treatment decisions

A dynamic treatment regime is a list of sequential decision rules for assigning treatment based on a patient's history. Q- and A-learning are two main approaches for estimating the optimal regime, i.e., that yielding the most beneficial outcome in the patient population, using data from a clinical trial or observational study. Q-learning requires postulated regression models for the outcome, while A-learning involves models for that part of the outcome regression representing treatment contrasts and for treatment assignment. We propose an alternative to Q- and A-learning that maximizes a doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted estimator for population mean outcome over a restricted class of regimes. Simulations demonstrate the method's performance and robustness to model misspecification, which is a key concern.
Magnetic Field Perturbations

So far, we have looked at a number of perturbation problems involving an external electric field, . We would like to look at similar problems involving external magnetic fields.
Parent–offspring conflict and selection on egg size in turtles

The trade-off between offspring size and number can present a conflict between parents and their offspring. Because egg size is constrained by clutch size, the optimal egg size for offspring fitness may not always be equivalent to that which maximizes parental fitness. We evaluated selection on egg size in three turtle species (Apalone mutica, Chelydra serpentina and Chrysemys picta) to determine if optimal egg sizes differ between offspring and their mothers. Although hatching success was generally greater for larger eggs, the strength and form of selection varied. In most cases, the egg size that maximized offspring fitness was greater than that which maximized maternal fitness. Consistent with optimality theory, mean egg sizes in the populations were more similar to the egg sizes that maximized maternal fitness, rather than offspring fitness. These results provide evidence that selection has maximized maternal fitness to achieve an optimal balance between egg size and number.
Radiation-induced cyclooxygenase 2 up-regulation is dependent on redox status in prostate cancer cells

Abstract Li., L., Steinauer, K. L., Dirks, A. J., Husbeck, B., Gibbs, I. and Knox, S. J. Radiation-Induced Cyclooxygenase 2 Up-Regulation is Dependent on Redox Status in Prostate Cancer Cells. Radiat. Res. 160, 617–621 (2003). Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is the inducible isozyme of COX, a key enzyme in arachidonate metabolism and the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs) and other eicosanoids. Previous studies have demonstrated that the COX2 protein is up-regulated in prostate cancer cells after irradiation and that this results in elevated levels of PGE2. In the present study, we further investigated whether radiation-induced COX2 up-regulation is dependent on the redox status of cells from the prostate cancer cell line PC-3. l-Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γGCS), and the antioxidants α-lipoic acid and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) were used to modulate the cellular redox status. BSO decreased the cellular GSH level and increased cellular r...
The effects of spatial stimulus-response compatibility on choice time production accuracy and variability.

Five experiments examined the relations between timing and attention using a choice time production task in which the latency of a spatial choice response is matched to a target interval (3 or 5 s). Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that spatial stimulus–response incompatibility increased nonscalar timing variability without affecting timing accuracy and that choice reaction time practice reduced choice time production variability. These data support a “temporal discounting” model in which response choice and timing occur in series, but the interval timed is shortened to account for nontemporal processing. In Experiment 3, feedback and anticipation task demands improved choice time production accuracy. In Experiments 4 and 5, the delay between the start-timing and choice-decision signals interacted with choice difficulty to affect choice time production accuracy and variability when timing a 3- but not a 5-s interval, suggesting that attention mediates timing before and after an interruption in timing.
Molecular Regulation and Physiology of the H,K-ATPases in Kidney

Two H + , K + -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) proteins participate in K + absorption and H + secretion in the renal medulla. Both the gastric (HKα 1 ) and colonic (HKα 2 ) H + ,K + -ATPases have been localized and characterized by a number of techniques, and are known to be highly regulated in response to acid-base and electrolyte disturbances. Both ATPases are dimers of composition α/β that localize to the apical membrane and both interact with the tetraspanin protein CD63. Although CD63 interacts with the carboxy-terminus of the α-subunit of the colonic H + ,K + -ATPase, it interacts with the β-subunit of the gastric H + ,K + -ATPase. Pharmacologically, both ATPases are distinct; for example, the gastric H + ,K + -ATPase is inhibited by Sch-28080, but the colonic H + ,K + -ATPase is inhibited by ouabain (a classic inhibitor of the Na + -pump) and is completely insensitive to Sch-28080. The α-subunit of the colonic H + ,K + -ATPase is the only subunit of the X + ,K + -ATPase superfamily that has 3 different splice variants that emerge by deletion or elongation of the amino-terminus. The messenger RNA and protein of one of these splice variants (HKα 2C ) is specifically up-regulated in newborn rats and becomes undetectable in adult rats. Therefore, HKα 2 , in addition to its role in potassium and acid-base homeostasis, appears to play a significant role in early growth and development. Finally, because chronic hypokalemia appears to be the most potent stimulus for upregulation of HKα 2 , we propose that the HKα 2 participates importantly in the maintenance of chronic metabolic alkalosis.
The Yugoslav Commune

The emergence of the Yugoslav commune is a significant aspect JL of the distinctive political system that has been developing in Yugoslavia since 1950. The Serbian term opstina—opcina in Croatian—historically referred to a specific area, defined by the collectivity or commonalty of the land and the inhabitants' use thereof. In the prewar period the term lost this meaning and signified only an administrative unit, such as a borough, district, municipality, or community.
Determining Predictor Variables for Running-Related Pain

The purpose of this study was to determine whether specific predictor variables exist for particular running-related injuries. Data on 134 patients with running-related injuries were evaluated to establish the factors that were associated with specific pain sites. Patient data consisted of a brief running history and measurements of 72 anatomical variables that have been cited in the literature as predisposers to running-related injuries. The descriptive statistics indicated certain associations of variables with each pain group. A factor analysis was used to eliminate multicollinearity and to reduce the 72 variables to 9 factors. The results of a discriminant function analysis using factor scores indicated that patients' membership in one of six pain groups could be predicted correctly in 29.1% of the cases. We concluded that the factors used in this study were not good predictors of pain groups. Physical therapists, however, should publish their data on runners' injuries, treatment, and rehabilitation to supplement the published data that relate anatomical and biomechanical factors to running-related injuries.
Age-Specific Prevalence of Outdoor and Indoor Aeroallergen Sensitization in Boston

Questions exist regarding the appropriate age for referral of an atopic child to an allergist for environmental skin prick testing. This study evaluates age-specific prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens from infancy through adolescence. A total of 1394 patients were skin tested, with 57.2% being sensitized to at least 1 aeroallergen. In children younger than 2, the authors found that 26.5% were sensitized, including to dogs (15.5%) and cats (9.2%). Additionally, tree sensitization was demonstrated in the youngest age group (7.8% at 0-2 years; 17.1% at 2-4 years), including in 3 infants less than 1 year old. Sensitization rates to dust mites and trees were the highest in all ages above 4 years, with a peak tree sensitization of 56.4% at 10 to 12 years and a peak dust mite sensitization of 56.8% in the >12 group. Overall, the authors observed increasing sensitization rates throughout childhood for indoor and outdoor aeroallergens (P < .001). Aeroallergen sensitization begins at a young age and increases during childhood.
Sexual selection in harems: male competition plays a larger role than female choice in an amphipod

Spatial distribution can be affected by sexual selection, particularly in mating systems where males have exaggerated traits used to compete for access to females. Although it is rare to be able to disentangle selection arising from male competition versus female choice in such mating systems, we here report experiments in which we manipulated group size and sex ratio to determine the relative roles of males and females in a harem polygyny. Megalorchestia californiana is an amphipod (family Talitridae) that is sexually dimorphic—males are not only larger than females but also possess enlarged red antennae and gnathopods that are used to hold and guard females prior to mating inside their burrows. We conducted 2 main types of experiments: 1) we varied the mobility of 3 amphipods (2M/1F) to determine the relative roles of male competition and female choice and 2) we monitored groups of 9 or more individuals to determine how intersexual and intrasexual interactions affect overall spatial distribution. In our 3-amphipod tests, we found that male competition was more important than female choice in explaining burrow preferences. Our large group experiments, however, indicated that females also play an active role in mate selection, as females settled in random locations in single-sex groups, whereas females clustered around larger males in mixed-sex groups. Finally, we found that male body mass was correlated with the length and redness of the antennae, which suggests that males may signal their quality through visual communication. Key words: honest signaling, intrasexual competition, mate choice, Megalorchestia californiana, polygyny, sexual dimorphism. [Behav Ecol]
Developmental regulation of integrin expression at the time of implantation in the mouse embryo

The trophectoderm layer of the mouse blastocyst differentiates at the late blastocyst stage to form the invasive trophoblast that mediates implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. The first sign that trophoblast cells have developed an invasion-specific cell behavior appears about 10-15 hours after the embryo hatches from the zona pellucida, when the quiescent, non-adherent trophectoderm cells initiate protrusive activity and become adhesive to extracellular matrix. Our previous findings that trophoblast outgrowth on extracellular-matrix-coated substrata involves the integrin family of adhesion receptors (Sutherland, A. E., Calarco, P. G. and Damsky, C. H., 1988, J. Cell Biol. 106, 1331-1348), suggested that the onset of trophoblast adhesive and migratory behavior at the time of implantation may be due to changes in expression or distribution of integrin receptors. We have thus examined the mRNA and protein expression of individual integrin subunits during pre- and periimplantation development (E0-E7.5). A basic repertoire of integrins, including receptors for fibronectin (alpha 5 beta 1), laminin (alpha 6B beta 1) and vitronectin (alpha v beta 3), was expressed continuously throughout this period, whereas the expression of five other integrin subunits was developmentally regulated. The mRNA for three of these (alpha 2, alpha 6A and alpha 7) was first detected in the late blastocyst, coincident with endoderm differentiation and development of attachment competence. The mRNA for another (alpha 1) was not detected until after trophoblast outgrowth had begun, suggesting that its expression may be induced by contact with matrix. At E7.5, three of the temporally regulated integrins (alpha 1, apha 6A, alpha 7), all of which can form receptors for laminin, were detected only in the ectoplacental cone (differentiating trophoblast), and may thus play specific roles in trophoblast adhesion and/or differentiation. Because laminin expression is upregulated in decidualized uterine stroma in response to the implanting embryo, we examined trophoblast-laminin interactions, using laminin fragments and integrin antibodies to determine which integrin receptors were involved. Trophoblast cells attached and spread on both the E8 and P1' fragments of laminin; however, the P1' binding site was cryptic in intact laminin. Interaction with P1' was RGD- and alpha v beta 3-dependent, whereas outgrowth on E8 was RGD-independent and not inhibited by antibodies to the laminin receptor alpha 6 beta 1, suggesting that alpha 7 beta 1 is the major trophoblast integrin E8 receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Fast direct policy evaluation using multiscale analysis of Markov diffusion processes

Policy evaluation is a critical step in the approximate solution of large Markov decision processes (MDPs), typically requiring O(|S|3) to directly solve the Bellman system of |S| linear equations (where |S| is the state space size in the discrete case, and the sample size in the continuous case). In this paper we apply a recently introduced multiscale framework for analysis on graphs to design a faster algorithm for policy evaluation. For a fixed policy π, this framework efficiently constructs a multiscale decomposition of the random walk Pπ associated with the policy π. This enables efficiently computing medium and long term state distributions, approximation of value functions, and the direct computation of the potential operator (I - γPπ)-1 needed to solve Bellman's equation. We show that even a preliminary non-optimized version of the solver competes with highly optimized iterative techniques, requiring in many cases a complexity of O(|S|).
Decoupled query optimization for federated database systems

We study the problem of query optimization in federated relational database systems. The nature of federated databases explicitly decouples many aspects of the optimization process, often making it imperative for the optimizer to consult underlying data sources while doing cost-based optimization. This not only increases the cost of optimization, but also changes the trade-offs involved in the optimization process significantly. The dominant cost in the decoupled optimization process is the "cost of costing" that traditionally has been considered insignificant. The optimizer can only afford a few rounds of messages to the underlying data sources and hence the optimization techniques in this environment must be geared toward gathering all the required cost information with minimal communication. In this paper, we explore the design space for a query optimizer in this environment and demonstrate the need for decoupling various aspects of the optimization process. We present minimum-communication decoupled variants of various query optimization techniques, and discuss tradeoffs in their performance in this scenario. We have implemented these techniques in the Cohera federated database system and our experimental results, somewhat surprisingly, indicate that a simple two-phase optimization scheme performs fairly well as long as the physical database design is known to the optimizer, though more aggressive algorithms are required otherwise.
A Behavior-Analytic Account of Motivational Interviewing.

Several published reports have now documented the clinical effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI). Despite its effectiveness, there are no generally accepted or empirically supported theoretical accounts of its effects. The theoretical accounts that do exist are mentalistic, descriptive, and not based on empirically derived behavioral principles. Empirical research is being generated regarding the role of client and therapist verbal behavior in MI. Client and therapist speech in MI sessions has been correlated with subsequent client behavior change (Amrhein, Miller, Yahne, & Fulcher, 2003; Gaume, Gmel, & Daeppen, 2008; Moyers et al., 2007). Although provocative, these findings are correlational and no theory has yet been provided to explain them. The purposes of the present paper are (a) to bring MI to the attention of clinical behavior analysts; (b) to provide a conceptual account of MI that relies on recent developments in the behavior analysis of motivation and verbal behavior, especially stimulus equivalence and transformation of functions; (c) to provide a possible answer to two critical questions: “How does MI evoke client in-session talk abut behavior change?” and “Why is this change talk related to outcomes?”; and (d) to use this account to identify important research questions and perhaps enhance MI's effectiveness.
A modified Eckart post-beamformer filter for improved detection using broadband features

The problem of signal detection using passive sonar signal processing methods to extract features is addressed. We propose a modified Eckart post-beamformer filter to obtain better estimates of the signal and in particular the broadband component of the signal. The physical processes motivating the study are broadband features which are usually ignored in conventional narrowband detection and classification processors. Broadband features can arise from various sources like transients, propulsion mechanisms, cavitation, and hydrodynamic flow and are often present even in the absence of narrowband features. We separate the narrowband and broadband components of the signal and extract the broadband features from the noise normalized signal components which has high energy and a wide frequency extent compared to the center frequency. Preliminary results suggest that broadband based detection and classification performance outperforms methods that use only narrowband features.
Understanding g in Terms of Information Processing

Psychometric g, the general factor in individual differences in all types of tests and performances involving any mental ability, has much wider importance and implications than are encompassed by the field of psychometrics. It is argued that the nature of g must be understood in terms of information processes rather than in terms of the specific knowledge and skills that are seen in the content of conventional mental tests. The wide range of individual differences in g and disparities in the distribution of g in different subpopulations have important implications for understanding some of the major problems confronting public education.
Reducing Synchronization Overhead Through Bundled Communication

OpenSHMEM provides a one-sided communication interface that allows for asynchronous, one-sided communication operations on data stored in a partitioned global address space. While communication in this model is efficient, synchronizations must currently be achieved through collective barriers or one-sided updates of sentinel locations in the global address space. These synchronization mechanisms can over-synchronize, or require additional communication operations, respectively, leading to high overheads. We propose a SHMEM extension that utilizes capabilities present in most high performance interconnects (e.g. communication events) to bundle synchronization information together with communication operations. Using this approach, we improve ping-pong latency for small messages by a factor of two, and demonstrate significant improvement to synchronization-heavy communication patterns, including all-to-all and pipelined parallel stencil communication.
Stability and Control of a Metal Oxide Gas Sensor in Simulated Wind

Semiconducting metal oxide gas chemical sensors show promise for applications in handheld and personalized air quality monitoring systems. One limitation of these sensors is their cross-response to outdoor factors, such as temperature and humidity fluctuations. Previously, airflow (e.g., wind) was known to modify sensor output, but the cause of this response was not greatly characterized. In this paper, we investigate the effect of airflow on the output of a commercial metal oxide sensor in dry and humid air. Upon exposure to a step in airflow, the output of these sensors increases by more than 6% over 1 h. We also control the temperature of the sensor’s embedded heater resistor using an external proportional–integral controller. With this control, the sensor output after exposure to airflow increases by <1% over 1 h, demonstrating a stabilization scheme for air quality measurements that does not require additional temperature sensing equipment.
An evaluation of the adult intellectual status of Terman's gifted children.

(1948). An Evaluation of the Adult Intellectual Status of Terman's Gifted Children. The Pedagogical Seminary and Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 17-27.
A Dual Processing Analysis of Trust Violations with Implications for Cooperation

We develop a dual-processing model of emotional and behavioral reactions to negative affective events at work, using trust violations as an example. Our model examines the different types of intrapersonal mental processing--automatic (instantaneous) versus controlled (evaluative)--responsible for attributional inferences and propose that these contrasting inferential processes are differentially associated with a variety of emotional and behavioral responses to negative interpersonal affective events. Conceptualizing trust violations as an affective event allows insights into the violated party’s reactions and attends to the three dimensions of violation-related relationship damage--emotional, cognitive and behavioral. Unlike previous models of trust violations, our dual-processing model describes the dynamic interplay between judgments and emotions as well as between automatic and controlled processing. It incorporates incidental, trait, state and pre-existing affect into the formation of attributional i...
Viscosity of methane to 6 GPa and 673 K

A rolling-sphere technique has been used to measure shear viscosities of (supercritical) fluid methane in a diamond-anvil cell between temperatures of 294 and 673 K, up to a pressure of 6 GPa. A correlation between a reduced viscosity and reduced residual entropy is shown to give a good account of much of the extant data, both from this study and the literature.
Arginase activity of the salivary glands and its regulation by androgens.

SummaryThe salivary glands of rats and mice contain arginase activity. The activity of this enzyme in the submaxillary and sublingual glands of castrated rats was decreased only after prolonged treatment with androgens. The activity in the glands of the mouse, however, were readily decreased by a large number of C19 steroids. Thyroxine had no influence on the arginase activity of the salivary glands of the rat.
Common-Cause Failure Mitigation Practices and Knowledge Gaps

This technical report documents the findings from first phase of research activities by ORNL. Specifically, the report describes the results of the investigation of CCF mitigation practices and determination of knowledge gaps.
Surveillance on antibody levels against pertussis,diphtheria and tetanus in healthy population in 2009 in Hubei province

Objective: To understand the antibodies levels against pertussis,diphtheria and tetanus in healthy population in 2009 in Hubei province and to evaluate the quality of immunization.Methods: The samples,collected from healthy population of Huanggang,Xianning,Yichang and Shiyan,were divided into seven age groups and examined by ELISA. Results: The results of the antibody positive rates of pertussis,diphtheria,tetanus are 34.5%,59.3% and 62.2% respectively.Conclusion: In four areas,antibody protection rates of pertussis,diphtheria and tetanus are lower,which prompts us to expand the vaccination coverage fraction and improve the cold chain running efficiency and the vaccine inoculation quality.
Nodulus-uvula depressor response: central GABA-mediated inhibition of alpha-adrenergic outflow.

Electrical stimulation of a lateral region of the cerebellar nodulus-uvula transition zone in anesthetized albino rabbits decreases mean arterial blood pressure in direct proportion to stimulus intensity. The hypotension has an abrupt onset and is phasic; heart rate is unaffected. Neural pathways that might mediate the depressor response were studied using autonomic-blocking agents. Pretreatment with 2 mg/kg iv of either propranolol HCl or atropine methyl nitrate did not alter the onset or duration of the hypotensive response. However, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg iv phentolamine HCl abolished the depressor response, and 7 mg.kg-1.min-1 iv tetraethylammonium infusion decreased the response by more than 50%. Ipsilateral injections of 200 ng bicuculline methiodide into an area immediately dorsal to the superior cerebellar peduncle or the dorsal aspect of the superior vestibular nucleus reversibly attenuated the nodulus-uvula evoked depression. Anterograde horseradish peroxidase-wheat germ agglutinin (HRP-WGA) transport experiments revealed that both these regions receive direct inputs from the nodulus-uvula. These data suggest that hypotensive events elicited by lateral nodulus-uvula stimuli represent a central, alpha-aminobutyric acid-mediated, phasic inhibition of vasomotor drive mediated through autonomic ganglia to alpha-adrenoreceptors in the vasculature.
Arthroplasty in traumatic arthritis of the joints of the hand.

Summary Two types of traumatic disability in joints of the hand treated by implant resection arthroplasty have been presented. A trapezium resection procedure utilizing a heat molded intramedullary stemmed implant for trapeziometacarpal joint arthroplasty has been used. The results have been very satisfactory in 38 patients, including four patients with post-traumatic arthritis following an old Bennett fracture. Proximal interphalangeal joint implant resection arthroplasty has been used in severe traumatic disabilities of the proximal interphalangeal joint associated with joint disorganization. Lateral instability has not been a complaint. A useful, pain-free range of motion has been achieved without significant complications. It is felt that these arthroplasty techniques can be useful adjuncts to reconstructive surgery of the hand.
Power-Semiconductor Devices and Components for New Power Converter Developments: A key enabler for ultrahigh efficiency power electronics

In a world with an increasing penetration of widebandgap (WBG) semiconductor technology, the FEPPCON 2015 Session on New Power Devices and High Temperature focused on power-semiconductor devices and passive components (magnetic and dielectric materials) up through integration, for the purpose of refining appropriate power-electronics converters by 2025. An important goal was to identify those markets and applications where silicon technology will remain the preferred choice. The semiconductors are rarely the predominant failure mechanisms even in silicon modules; the failure mechanisms are usually either the passive components or the packaging. Thus, higher power densities afforded by using WBG semiconductors require those passives capable of operating at high temperatures and having high reliabilities. Presenters addressed the state of the art and future directions for magnetic cores, dielectric materials, and electronic packaging/integration. Finally, potential additional frontiers that merit research in a WBG world (such as new markets, capabilities, circuit architectures, and applications) were evaluated. The session was divided into four main groups: "WBG Technologies," "Silicon Technologies," "Passive Technologies," and "Power-Integration Technologies."
NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

This chapter discusses the application of law of initial value (LIV) in neurology and psychiatry. The central nervous system has been approached with the use of the LIV in a number of other ways. Based on the experiments with the effect of the stimulation of the vestibular apparatus on the autonomic system, Puettmann tested the response of blood-pressure, leucocytes, blood-sugar, resistance of erythrocytes, and serum proteins to vestibular stimuli. While in normal individuals, a rise in blood-pressure was always accompanied by a rise in the number of leucocytes and a left-shift, in brain tumours, the leucocytes always dropped and there was no regular left-shift. Dependent on the IV, there is in brain tumor a change, either quantitative or qualitative in character. These changes do not progress parallel with the growth of the tumor, but there is always a reversal after an operation. Certain disturbances in autonomic function can, thus, be evidenced objectively by means of vestibular stimuli. A mere cold nose douche produces smaller changes.
On Nonmembers’ Duty to Obey Immigration Law: A Problem of Political Obligation

Do people who are not members of a certain country have the duty to obey that country’s immigration law as law? The answer is no if we take seriously John Simmons’ particularity requirement, under which only members of a state have the general duty to obey its law. I argue in this chapter that the particularity requirement for political obligation should be rejected for a number of reasons. While this opens up the possibility of nonmembers having the duty to obey the law of the countries of which they are not members, it also means that an account of the duty to obey the law will have to account for such duty on the part of both members and nonmembers, and the exclusion by membership will have to be justified to those who are excluded as members. I suggest that the natural duty of justice will do the job. The implication of this natural duty account of political obligations for exclusion by membership and immigration law is explored.
Dislodgement force and shell morphology vary according to wave exposure in a tropical gastropod (Cittarium pica)

ABSTRACTWave exposure has strong influences on population density, morphology and behaviour of intertidal species in temperate zones, but little is known about how intertidal organisms in tropical regions respond to gradients in wave exposure. We tested whether dislodgement force and shell shape of a tropical gastropod, Cittarium pica, differs among shores that vary in wave exposure. After adjusting for body size, we found that C. pica from exposed shores required greater dislodgement force to remove them from the shore, had slightly larger opercula (the closure to the shell aperture), and were slightly squatter in shape (reduced in shell height relative to shell width) than C. pica from sheltered shores. These morphological adjustments are consistent with those observed in temperate gastropods, which are argued to represent adaptive responses to the risk of mortality associated with dislodgement.
Thermomechanical behavior of sandwich panels with graphitic-foam cores☆☆☆

Abstract Structural sandwich panels with graphitic-foam cores are considered for applications where extraordinary thermal conductivity of the core material may offer unique benefits for challenging thermoelastic structures. Sandwich panels constructed with carbon-fiber facesheets and graphitic-foam cores could provide a viable solution for “optical benches,” which require high stiffness and thermal stability; such panels should exhibit lower susceptibility to thermal distortion than sandwich panels constructed with traditional honeycomb cores or monolithic plates of materials having low thermal conductivity. Specimens of sandwich panels were fabricated with graphitic-foam cores, aluminum facesheets and carbon-fiber facesheets, as well as with honeycomb cores for the purpose of comparing behaviors. Measurements of plate bending behavior and through-thickness thermal conductivity were performed with these specimens; resulting data were used to validate analytical models. Separate testing was conducted to measure the shear modulus of graphitic foam in simple shear, as that strongly influences the bending behavior of sandwich panels, and has not appeared previously in the published literature. Out-of-plane distortion of sandwich panels subjected to asymmetric thermal loading was measured using an optical surface profilometer. Results of these measurements demonstrate that the use of graphitic foam as core material in sandwich panels greatly reduces their tendency to experience thermal distortion.
Cecal necrosis: infrequent variant of ischemic colitis. Report of five cases.

PURPOSE: Spontaneous nonocclusive ischemic colitis involving only the right colon is an infrequent occurrence. Because this problem is less recognized than its counterpart involving the left colon, the correct diagnosis may not be considered. The purpose of this article was to describe the presentation and management of this unusual clinical problem. METHODS: Five cases of nonocclusive ischemic cecal necrosis are described. Four of the patients presented with right-sided abdominal pain, tenderness, and leukocytosis. The preoperative diagnosis was incorrect in all patients, although cecal necrosis was considered in one. Two patients were thought to have appendicitis, two were thought to have carcinoma, and one was thought to have a perforated viscus. Each patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and four survived. RESULTS: Each of the patients had ischemic cecal necrosis without evidence of emboli or vasculitis. Although cecal gangrene may occur after systemic hypotension, no such event preceded these patients' presentation. We believe that the patients we treated had a form of nonocclusive ischemic colitis, which occasionally affects only the right colon. CONCLUSION: Ischemic necrosis of the cecum is an infrequent variant of ischemic colitis that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the elderly patient presenting with right lower quadrant pain.
Narrative Identity: What Is It? What Does It Do? How Do You Measure It?:

In this commentary, I provide an historical perspective on the methodological and conceptual issues that are raised by the papers in this volume, with a focus on the idea of narrative identity as it relates to autobiographical memory. Referring back to the emergence of the concept of narrative identity in the 1980s, I consider old and new ideas regarding the form and function of narrative identity and methodological challenges that arise in efforts to measure and code psychologically important features of life-narrative accounts.
You're Taking the Fall: How top managers use external scapegoats to counter legitimacy threats

Scapegoating has a long, but sparsely populated, history of study in organization theory. Those works that have studied scapegoating have only examined cases in which internal scapegoats were chose...
A minimal biochemical route towards de novo formation of synthetic phospholipid membranes

All living cells consist of membrane compartments, which are mainly composed of phospholipids. Phospholipid synthesis is catalyzed by membrane-bound enzymes, which themselves require pre-existing membranes for function. Thus, the principle of membrane continuity creates a paradox when considering how the first biochemical membrane-synthesis machinery arose and has hampered efforts to develop simplified pathways for membrane generation in synthetic cells. Here, we develop a high-yielding strategy for de novo formation and growth of phospholipid membranes by repurposing a soluble enzyme FadD10 to form fatty acyl adenylates that react with amine-functionalized lysolipids to form phospholipids. Continuous supply of fresh precursors needed for lipid synthesis enables the growth of vesicles encapsulating FadD10. Using a minimal transcription/translation system, phospholipid vesicles are generated de novo in the presence of DNA encoding FadD10. Our findings suggest that alternate chemistries can produce and maintain synthetic phospholipid membranes and provides a strategy for generating membrane-based materials.
The synergistic effect of environmental sustainability and corporate reputation on market value added (MVA) in manufacturing firms

This study is an attempt to explore the predictive effect, in terms of operational capability, of a large manufacturing firm’s environmental greening efforts carried out in the interest of sustaina...
The delicate balance. A consideration of some of the forces and circumstances that should be reckoned with today in a discussion of " the place of native peoples in the western world "

La revista no contemplaba “Resumen” (ingles) para los articulos incluidos en este ano de publicacion.
A Chloroplast Heat Shock Protein Has Homology to Cytoplasmic Heat Shock Proteins

We and others have previously reported that during high temperature stress, or heat shock, specific heat shock proteins (HSPs) are transported into chloroplasts (1, 2). Soybean has two major low molecular weight chloroplast HSPs of 22 and 27 kDa, which are encoded in the nuclear genome. A cDNA clone for the 22kDa polypeptide has been isolated and used to demonstrate that the protein is initially synthesized as a 28 kDa precursor polypeptide (3). We now report on the comparison of the chloroplast HSP amino acid sequence with proteins in the PIR protein data bank and with two recently sequenced soybean cytoplasmic HSPs of low molecular weight. The data indicate that there is significant homology in the carboxy-ter-minal region between the chloroplast and cytoplasmic HSPs in soybean. Furthermore, comparisons suggest a possibly significant relationship to low molecular weight HSPs from other organisms.
Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza‑Heck Cyclization

For the first time, an aza-Heck cyclization that allows the preparation of indoline scaffolds is described. Using N-hydroxy anilines as electrophiles, which can be easily accessed from the corresponding nitroarenes, this method provides indolines bearing pendant functionality and complex ring topologies. Synthesis of challenging indolines, such as those bearing fully substituted carbon atoms at C2, is also possible using this method.