cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stability of the interior problem with polynomial attenuation in the region of interest

In many practical applications, it is desirable to solve the interior problem of tomography without requiring knowledge of the attenuation function fa on an open set within the region of interest (ROI). It was proved recently that the interior problem has a unique solution if fa is assumed to be piecewise polynomial on the ROI. In this paper, we tackle the related question of stability. It is well known that lambda tomography allows one to stably recover the locations and values of the jumps of fa inside the ROI from only the local data. Hence, we consider here only the case of a polynomial, rather than piecewise polynomial, fa on the ROI. Assuming that the degree of the polynomial is known, along with some other fairly mild assumptions on fa, we prove a stability estimate for the interior problem. Additionally, we prove the following general uniqueness result. If there is an open set U on which fa is the restriction of a real-analytic function, then fa is uniquely determined by only the line integrals through U. It turns out that two known uniqueness theorems are corollaries of this result.
Delay Discounting and Intelligence: A Meta-Analysis.

Delay discounting (DD), the tendency to prefer smaller, sooner rewards to larger, later ones, is an important indicator of selfcontrol. Assessments of DD superficially require individuals to make choices based on motivational processes. However, several lines of evidence suggest that DD may be systematically related to cognitive ability. We sought to provide a definitive assessment of the relation between DD and intelligence via quantitative research synthesis. A comprehensive literature search in two electronic databases yielded 24 eligible studies with 26 effect sizes in total. Meta-analysis revealed that, across studies, higher intelligence was associated with lower DD (random effects model weighted mean r=�0.23). Studies using reward schemes in which payoffs were subject to chance (i.e., involving either a chance of receiving one choice or random selection of one choice) showed weaker associations between DD and intelligence than did studies in which payoffs were all hypothetical or all real. Other moderator analyses revealed no influence of DD measure, DD choice paradigm, or intelligence type. There was no evidence of publication bias. Given clear evidence for a negative relation between DD and intelligence, investigating the processes that support or moderate this relation would be worthwhile.
BLEM2: learning Bayes' rules from examples using rough sets

This paper introduces an algorithm for learning Bayes' rules from examples using rough sets. Induced rules are associated with properties of support, certainty, strength, and coverage factors as defined by Pawlak in his study of connections between rough set theory and Bayes' theorem. Differences between the two learning algorithms LEM2 and BLEM2 are presented. An idea of how to develop an optimized inference engine by taking advantage of induced rule properties is discussed.
Does Payday Lending Catch Vulnerable Communities in a Debt Trap

Consumers can use loans to smooth consumption after suffering financial shocks. However, payday loans may catch some consumers in a debt trap that leads to financial collapse. Critics claim that payday lenders target minority and military communities, making these groups especially vulnerable to this trap. This article uses county-level data to test these claims. The results, like those of the existing literature, are mixed. Bankruptcy filings fall in counties with large military or minority communities after a state legalizes payday lending. Because this correlation might be due to states’ incentives in enacting payday lending laws, this article also tests the effect of a change in federal law that should have had a disparate impact according to the prior choice of state law. This second test provides results that less clearly contradict the debt-trap hypothesis.
MAXIMIZING RESOURCES IN GERIATRIC EDUCATION THROUGH COOPERATION: THE METROPOLITAN AREA GERIATRICS SOCIETY EXPERIENCE

The role of the New York Metropolitan Area Geriatrics Society (MAGS), an affiliate of the American Geriatrics Society, in supporting educational activities in the 11 academic geriatric medicine fellowship programs in the metropolitan area is described. A 1991 survey of each program's educational resources revealed a striking disparity in the self‐perceived quality of the various program components at each site and a unanimous interest in sharing and complementing existing activities. Whereas all programs were positive about the strength of their conferences and grand rounds and the interest of their teaching faculty, they were generally concerned about their home care component; clinical research; and, most of all, the time availability of their teaching faculty. Through MAGS, a number of activities have been developed to help support the fellowship programs. Opportunity for intersite exchange of geriatric fellows is being actively pursued. This cooperative effort may be a model for similar activity in ot...
Field Observations of Agonism in the Crayfish, Orconectes rusticus: Shelter Use in a Natural Environment

Crayfish are aggressive animals that compete to acquire resources such as shelters, food, and mates. Shelters are a primary resource that crayfish use for protection from conspecifics and predators. Despite the importance of this resource, no field research has been performed that studies the acquisition and control of this resource. The present study examines shelter use in a natural habitat and the impact that shelter ownership has on the intensity and outcome of agonistic encounters. A stationary underwater camera was used to observe crayfish, Orconectes rusticus, shelter use and agonistic interactions in a natural lake environment. These shelters were formed naturally in iron outcroppings found on the limestone and detritus benthos. Crayfish activity and shelter use was found to be dependent upon a circadian cycle with most of the shelter use occurring during the morning to early afternoon (05:00–13:00 hours). Agonistic encounters in the presence of shelters resulted in short, low intensity interactions. Interestingly, fight outcomes were not significantly affected by shelter ownership, but were primarily determined by size differential of combatants. This outcome may be due to the prevalence of shelters within this habitat. Contrary to laboratory studies, these results indicate that shelter ownership may not be an important factor in determining resource-holding potential in some habitats.
Predictors of reduced dose intensity in patients with early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.

Background This retrospective study was undertaken to define risk factors for reductions in dose intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with early stage breast cancer (ESBC).
Initial sorption of aromatic amines to surface soils

Sorption of aniline, a-naphthylamine, and benzidine to three silty clay loams was measured from CaCl2 electrolyte solutions in single and binary solute systems after a 1-d residence time. Soils varied in pH (4.4-7.2), cation-exchange capacity (CEC, 10-30 cmolc/kg), and organic carbon content (OC, 1-3%). Plots of sorbed amine concentrations versus aqueous amine concentrations exhibited nonlinearity in the concentration range investigated. Sorption increased with decreasing soil-solution pH for all solutes. Decreases in sorption with increasing CaCl 2 concentrations were greatest at low pH. In binary solute experiments, a-naphthylamine depressed the sorption of aniline and this depression increased with decreasing pH. Normalizing sorption to the cation-exchange capacity of the protonated species compensated for most of the differences observed between soils at different pH values suggesting that cation exchange is the primary process occurring during initial contact times. In selected experiments, sorbed aromatic amines were extracted from soils with different solvents after a 1-d incubation. At low initial concentrations ( ,0.01 mM) only a few percent of each amine was extractable; whereas 85% to 98% was recoverable at higher initial concentrations (1 mM). Although initial sorption appears to be to cation-exchange sites, the inability to recover all of the sorbed amine suggests early covalent bond formation on highly reactive sites and/or sorption to high-energy sites on clays or other soil constituents. Keywords—Aromatic amines Soil-water distribution ratios Speciation Cation exchange Irreversible sorption
Habitat distribution of Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) and Lyme disease spirochetes on Fire Island, New York

The distributions of Ixodes dammini Spielman, Clifford, Piesman, and Corwin and Lyme disease spirochetes were studied on Fire Island, N.Y. Adult ticks were more common in high-shrub habitats (shrubby vegetation ≥1 m high) than in grassy and lowshrub habitats (vegetation <1 m) in spring and fall. In the fall, adults were also common in the woods. Adults were more abundant on narrow trails than in nearby vegetation. During the summer, questing nymphs and larvae were far more common in the woods (primarily in leaf litter) than in open grass-shrub habitats. In contrast, the number of nymphs and larvae per white-footed mouse did not differ among habitats, suggesting that mice play a role in tick dispersal. CO2 trap captures of nymphs on trails were not significantly greater than off trails. Most collections of larvae and nymphs had more than one tick, whereas most samples of adults had only one individual. Borrelia burgdorferi infection rates in free-living ticks were 38% ( n = 121) to 50% ( n = 32) in adults, 32% in nymphs ( n = 184), and 0% in larvae ( n = 15). The proportion of ticks infected did not differ significantly among habitats. Therefore, during the spring and fall, activities that take place in high-shrub areas or in the woods (e.g., landscaping, trail or brush clearing) involve a high risk of exposure to adult ticks infected with Lyme disease. In late spring to early summer, any activity involving close contact with leaf litter (e.g., playing in the leaves, gathering leaves for camp bedding) results in a high risk of exposure to infected nymphs.
Social stress and recovery: implications for body weight and body composition

Social stress resulting from dominant-subordinate relationships is associated with body weight loss and altered body composition in subordinate (SUB) male rats. Here, we extend these findings to determine whether stress-induced changes in energy homeostasis persist when the social stress is removed, and the animal is allowed to recover. We examined body weight (BW), body composition, and relevant endocrine measures after one or two cycles of 14 days of social stress, each followed by 21 days of recovery in each rat's individual home cage. SUB lost significantly more BW during social housing in a visible burrow system (VBS) compared with dominant (DOM) animals. Weight loss during social stress was attributable to a decrease in adipose tissue in DOM and SUB, with an additional loss of lean tissue in SUB. During both 21-day recovery periods, DOM and SUB regained lost BW, but only SUB were hyperphagic. Following recovery, SUB had a relatively larger increase in adipose tissue and plasma leptin compared with DOM, indicating that body composition changes were dependent on social status. Control animals that were weight matched to SUB or male rats exposed to the VBS environment without females, and that did not form a social hierarchy, did not exhibit changes in body composition like SUB in the VBS. Therefore, chronic social stress causes social status-dependent changes in BW, composition and endocrine measures that persist after repeated stress and recovery cycles and that may ultimately lead to metabolic disorders and obesity.
A sibship test for linkage in the presence of association: the sib transmission/disequilibrium test.

Summary Linkage analysis with genetic markers has been successful in the localization of genes for many monogenic human diseases. In studies of complex diseases, however, tests that rely on linkage disequilibrium (the simultaneous presence of linkage and association) are often more powerful than those that rely on linkage alone. This advantage is illustrated by the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT). The TDT requires data (marker genotypes) for affected individuals and their parents; for some diseases, however, data from parents may be difficult or impossible to obtain. In this article, we describe a method, called the "sib TDT" (or "S-TDT"), that overcomes this problem by use of marker data from unaffected sibs instead of from parents, thus allowing application of the principle of the TDT to sibships without parental data. In a single collection of families, there might be some that can be analyzed only by the TDT and others that are suitable for analysis by the S-TDT. We show how all the data may be used jointly in one overall TDT - type procedure that tests for linkage in the presence of association. These extensions of the TDT will be valuable for the study of diseases of late onset, such as non–insulin-dependent diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases associated with aging.
A Multi-Frame Analysis Of For-Profit Higher Education

After years of remarkable expansion, the for-profit higher education sector is showing signs of an industrial reset in the wake of increased federal regulations aimed at addressing claims of aggressive recruiting practices and high student default rates throughout the sector. Large publicly-traded for-profit universities, such as the University of Phoenix, have resultantly experienced precipitous drops in student enrollment. As an initial point to begin thinking about for-profit higher education going forward, this article will put forth a multi-frame organizational analysis of the University of Phoenix with the particular goal of generating a body of knowledge endemic to improving Phoenix’s overall operating environment and discussing the important role the school has played and can continue to play in (re)defining higher education in the United States. This discussion can be used as an entry point to promulgate further discussion surrounding significant issues in for-profit higher education and the changing landscape of higher education.
Copper-64-labeled CB-TE1K1P conjugates of MCP-1 for PET imaging of macrophages in tuberculosis granulomas

1210 Objectives Higher levels of activated macrophages in granulomas indicate that the lesion is more “active” leading to disease progression. MCP-1 (also called chemokine ligand-2) is the natural ligand of Chemokine Receptor 2 that is predominantly expressed on monocyte-derived macrophages and found in high concentrations in activated macrophages. The newly developed CB-TE1KP chelator was attached to MCP-1 via strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC), and the resulting CB-TE1K1P-MCP-1 conjugates were labeled with Cu-64 under mild conditions for PET imaging of macrophages in TB granulomas Methods MCP-1 was functionalized with PEG-azido by mixing with azido-PEG4-NHS in PBS buffer. After purification, the azido-MPC-1 conjugates “clicked” with the CB-TE1K1P-PEG4-DBCO via SPAAC. The purified MCP-1 conjugates with varied numbers of chelators were labeled with Cu-64 under mild conditions, and then were injected i.v. into the TB infected monkeys for PET imaging. Biotin-MCP-1 was prepared by mixing azido-MCP-1 with DBCO-PEG4-biotin and used for the corresponding flow cytometry Results The conjugation yields were nearly quantitative due to reaction with 25-fold excess DBCO-chelator/biotin. Flow cytometry results indicated that MCP-1 bound to macrophages, and over modification of MCP-1 (over 3 moieties/MCP-1) dramatically compromised its affinity. Cu-64 labeling of CB-TE1K1P-MCP-1 conjugates was achieved at 37 °C in 30 min with a SA of 10-15 µCi/µg. The corresponding PET imaging studies in TB infected monkeys demonstrated significant uptake in the TB granulomas with a standard uptake value (SUV) of 1.0, and a ratio of granuloma:normal lung of 6.7 Conclusions The first cross-bridged chelator attached MCP-1 were successfully prepared and radiolabeled with Cu-64 under mild conditions, and the resulting 64Cu-MCP-1 conjugates showed promise for PET imaging of macrophages in the TB infected monkey Research Support Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation #1034408
The Prehistory of Egypt in Africa: Beyond the Black Athena Wars

Over the past two decades, popular images of Egypt's past in Africa have been dominated by controversies over Martin Bernal's (1987, 1991) claims of African and Asian roots for classical Greek culture, and the furious reactions to these claims. Those debates continue, but should not overshadow analyses that are at once broader in scope-because they look at Egyptian history over greater time-depths-and more modest in aim-because they seek to understand Egypt in its own context, and not necessarily in relation to classical Europe. This paper will provide and overview of archaeological data on the culture history of the Nile Valley in relation to surrounding areas, for comparison with linguistic and genetic data, with particular attention paid to the Neolithic through Early Dynastic periods. The ultimate goal of such research should involve 'normalising' Egypt-in-Africa, as area with connections both within and without the continent and with its own particular historical trajectories.
The potential of technology for enhancing individual placement and support supported employment.

The Individual Placement and Support (IPS) supported employment model has demonstrated robust success for improving rates of competitive employment among individuals with psychiatric disabilities (Bond, Drake, Becker, 2008; Bond, Drake, Becker, 2012). Yet, fewer than 15% of people with serious mental illnesses within the public mental health system are currently employed, though a majority want to work (Bond & Drake, 2008; McQuilken et al., 2003). The need to expand IPS services and promote awareness of IPS supported employment among vocational rehabilitation and mental health teams as well as consumers is urgent. Additionally, despite strong evidence that IPS successfully helps individuals obtain competitive employment, many do not become steady workers, and relatively brief job tenures are common (Bond & Drake, 2008; Cook, Leff, et al., 2005). Thus, strategies to enhance and individualize IPS services to support clients in both obtaining and keeping a job are critical. In this study, we describe ways that existing and emerging technologies have the potential to enhance delivery of IPS supported employment across the care continuum and stakeholders (i.e., consumers as well as the IPS provider team). We describe current technology-based initiatives being undertaken by the Dartmouth Center for Supported Employment Technology as well as other research teams and outline directions for further research in the use of technology to enhance delivery of IPS supported employment for individuals with serious mental illness and other behavioral health disabilities.
Capturing Nanoscale Structure in Network Gels by Microemulsion Polymerization

Small-angle neutron scattering and turbidity were used to probe nanoscale structure in bicontinuous microemulsions before and after polymerization. Difficulties in capturing nanoscale structure by polymerizing microemulsions have persisted with the use of thermal initiation. Bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization with a reactive surfactant monomer and cross-linker was done with only a 20% increase in repeat distance. This small increase represents better than an order of magnitude advance over previous attempts, exhibiting hundreds to thousands percent increases. Both the network gel and the precursor microemulsion were transparent and devoid of microphase separation.
BITxBIT: Encouraging Behavior Change with N=2 Experiments

In this work we introduce an experimental methodology and open-sourced web application designed to promote behavior change and wellbeing within a workplace environment. Colleagues are paired together and asked to design a Behavioral Intervention Technology (BIT) uniquely customized to suit their partner's behavior change goal. We present the results of a preliminary evaluation of the experiment, and suggest ways to further improve and expand our experiment design.
Research of over-sampling method in torque wrench calibrating apparatus

Over-sampling can reduce the noise power during AD conversion effectively,so as to improve the resolution of ADC.The relationship between the sampling frequency of ADC and quantization error is analyzed based on the Nyquist sampling theorem.It is analyzed theoretically that increasing each resolution needs 4 times of sampling frequency,and the three factors affecting the effectiveness of over-sampling are put forward.The ADC of torque wrench calibrating apparatus is raised 4-bit resolution by the application of over-sampling technique.Further more,we improve over-sampling technique to increase the accuracy of the torque wrench calibrating apparatus to more than 0.3%.
An efficient best scan-line searching method for ADS40 L0 image based on propagation strategy

Aiming at the low efficiency problem of searching best scan-line for rectifying L0ADS40 image to L1 image by indirect method,it proposes an efficient scan-line searching method based on a best scan-line position propagation strategy on the basis of studying ADS40 images imaging principle in depth.Four ADS40 image data sets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and the results are compared to the results obtained with traditional binary-search method.The experiment results show that proposed method is 6.66 times faster than traditional binary-search method,while keeping the matching rate on 99.99%,as a result of which the proposed method is efficient and accurate.
The History and Future of the Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network

The Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network was established by the National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in 2007 to support the conduct of early phase clinical trials of cell-based therapy for cardiovascular disease. With an original focus on acute and chronic LV dysfunction, the CCTRN completed three trials of autologous bone marrow-derived cells following acute myocardial infarction and in the setting of congestive heart failure. In 2012, the CCTRN was renewed for an additional 7-year period and increased from five to seven clinical centers with the expanded charter to study a broader range of cardiovascular disease. The impact and progress of the CCTRN is reviewed.
A temperature adaptive piston design for swash plate type axial piston machines

AbstractThe authors propose a temperature adaptive piston design for axial piston machines of swash plate type. The proposed piston helps to keep the film thickness between piston and cylinder close to optimal with respect to energy dissipation while operating temperature can change in a wide range. The authors utilize the thermal deformation of piston and cylinder, which varies with temperature, to design the interface that adapt the gap height to compensate the change of the fluid viscosity with the temperature. An in-house developed fluid-structure and thermal interaction model together with recently developed port and case temperature prediction model are used to analyze the piston/cylinder interface and to predict resulting part temperatures, deformations, the fluid film properties and resulting energy dissipation, friction and leakage of the proposed novel design. The results show a reduction of energy dissipation over a large range of operating temperature for the proposed design compared to the ba...
The role of complex network dynamics in the emergence of multiagent coalition

Emergence of a single coalition among self-interested agents operating on large scale-free networks is a challenging task. Many existing approaches assume a given static network platform and do not use the network dynamics to facilitate the dynamics of agent interactions. In this paper, we present a decentralized game-theoretic approach to this single coalition emergence problem in which agent communications are limited only to their immediate neighbors. Our coalition emergence algorithm is based on the heuristic that agents benefit by forming coalitions with wealthy (higher payoff) and influential (higher accumulated coupling strength) neighbors. Simulation results show that the emergence phenomenon is significantly enhanced when the topological insights, such as increasing degree-heterogeneity and clustering, are embedded into the agent partner selection strategy.
Kinetic studies of ozone assisted low temperature oxidation of dimethyl ether in a flow reactor using molecular-beam mass spectrometry

Abstract The ozone assisted low temperature oxidation chemistry of dimethyl ether (DME) from 400 K to 750 K has been investigated in the mixture of DME/O3/O2/He/Ar in an atmospheric-pressure flow reactor coupled with the molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS) sampling technique. The mole fraction of ozone was varied from 0 to 0.146% in the mixture to study its enhanced kinetic effect on DME oxidation. The mole fractions of DME, O2, O3, CH2O, H2O2, CO, CO2, and CH3OCHO were quantified as functions of temperature at a fixed total volumetric flow rate. The experimental results revealed that the presence of ozone dramatically enhances the low temperature DME oxidation. Numerical simulations using the existing kinetic models (Kurimoto's model (KM) (Kurimoto et al., 2015), Burke's model (BM) (Burke et al., 2015), and Wang's model (WM) (Wang et al., 2015)) with an ozone sub-mechanism over-predicted the DME oxidation significantly. The observed large discrepancies between models and experiments for DME, CH2O, O2 and CH3OCHO mole fractions suggested that there were large uncertainties in the branching ratios of two competing chain-propagation and chain-branching reaction pairs involving CH3OCH2O2 and CH2OCH2O2H radicals at low temperature.
HVAC system energy optimization using an adaptive hybrid metaheuristic

Previous research efforts for optimizing energy usage of HVAC systems require either mathematical models of HVAC systems to be built or they require substantial historical operational data for learning the optimal operational settings. We introduce a model-free control policy that begins learning optimal settings with no prior historical data and optimizes HVAC operations. The control policy is an adaptive hybrid metaheuristic that uses real-time data, stored in building automation systems (e.g., gas/electricity consumption, weather, and occupancy), to find optimal setpoints at the building level and controls the setpoints accordingly. The algorithm consists of metaheuristic (k-nearest neighbor stochastic hill climbing), machine learning (regression decision tree), and self-tuning (recursive brute-force search) components. The control policy uses smart selection of daily setpoints as the control basis, making the control schema complementary to legacy building management systems. To evaluate, we used the DOE reference small office building in all U.S. climate zones and simulated different control policies using EnergyPlus. The proposed algorithm resulted in 31.17% energy savings compared to the baseline operations (22.5 °C and 3 K). The algorithm has a superior performance in all climate zones for the goodness of measure (i.e., normalized root mean square error) with a value of 0.047.
Evaluating the utility of archaeological index fossils: Optically-stimulated luminescence dating of Fort Ancient Pottery at the Hahn Site

Abstract One of the most common undertakings in archaeology is to establish absolute temporal sequences of artifacts. Once such tasks are completed, items become index fossils that serve to inform on chronology often in the absence of absolute dates. While such chronologies are best constructed through the direct dating of the items in question, this is too rarely the case. In contrast, various associations are made between the objects and dated organic materials. Change is often then seen as being abrupt, with important consequences for archaeological interpretation. Here we use optically-stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to directly examine this issue with a case study involving the timing of Anderson-style and Madisonville-style pottery, two of the main styles of Fort Ancient pottery that are seen as reliably separating later (after 1400 CE) from earlier periods (ca. 1000–1400 CE). This temporal distinction is best expressed by the common designation of sites with both pottery styles as being temporally multicomponent. However, it has been noted by some researchers that these styles may overlap to a significant degree, based on associated radiocarbon dates. Our findings confirm this suspicion, with direct evidence through OSL dating with samples from the Hahn site.
Iron-Nicotianamine Transporters are Required for Proper Long Distance Iron Signaling

The mechanisms of root iron uptake and the transcriptional networks that control root-level regulation of iron uptake have been well studied, but the mechanisms by which shoots signal iron status to the roots remain opaque. Here, we characterize an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) double mutant, yellow stripe1-like yellow stripe3-like (ysl1ysl3), which has lost the ability to properly regulate iron deficiency-influenced gene expression in both roots and shoots. In spite of markedly low tissue levels of iron, the double mutant does not up- and down-regulate iron deficiency-induced and -repressed genes. We have used grafting experiments to show that wild-type roots grafted to ysl1ysl3 shoots do not initiate iron deficiency-induced gene expression, indicating that the ysl1ysl3 shoots fail to send an appropriate long-distance signal of shoot iron status to the roots. We present a model to explain how impaired iron localization in leaf veins results in incorrect signals of iron sufficiency being sent to roots and affecting gene expression there. Improved understanding of the mechanism of long-distance iron signaling will allow improved strategies for the engineering of staple crops to accumulate additional bioavailable iron in edible parts, thus improving the iron nutrition of the billions of people worldwide whose inadequate diet causes iron deficiency anemia.
78 The role of relationship proximity to witnessed community violence and youth outcomes

US Statement of Purpose Youth exposure to community violence is associated with adverse outcomes, yet not all exposed youth respond adversely. Dimensions of exposure may relate to response; evidence suggests that having a relationship with the victim and perpetrator of community violence is connected to worse outcomes, yet is limited by cross-sectional designs and sparse attention to the perpetrator of violence. This study examined the relationship proximity to the victim and perpetrator of violence and adolescent outcomes in a high-risk sample. Sex differences in these relations are also explored. Methods We used the LONGSCAN dataset, a 5-site, pooled sample of children. Our sample was limited to youth ages 12 and 14 who reported some lifetime violence exposure (n=720). This sample was approximately half male, predominantly low-income, and of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Six items assessed witnessed violence, including details about the victim and perpetrator. The Child Behaviour Checklist assessed internalising and externalising symptoms. Regression analyses determined whether relationship proximity to the perpetrator and victim of community violence differentiated youth outcomes and whether sex moderated these associations. Results Witnessed violence perpetrated by a stranger was associated with lower social competency, but only among females. Witnessed parental victimisation predicted higher externalising and internalising problems among both males and females. Conclusions That witnessed community violence against a parent negatively impacted both males and females underscores the traumatic nature of seeing a parent harmed. In contrast, the female-specific relation between witnessed violence perpetrated by a stranger and social competency may reflect that males are desensitised to witnessing violence by strangers given their higher rates of involvement in violence. Contributions to Prevention Science Together, our results suggest that understanding relationships with victims and perpetrators of community violence is an important to understanding response. Future research should further elucidate sex differences in youths’ responses to witnessed violence.
Online financial therapy

ABSTRACTThis article discusses a case study implementing a manualized financial therapy intervention in an online setting. The benefits of financial therapy are discussed, and the pros and cons of online therapy are contrasted. A description the intervention is provided. At the conclusion of the intervention, the client and other family members reported satisfaction with this form of therapy. Using financial therapy in an online format may help reduce the service barriers that are often encountered by requiring therapy sessions to be conducted in-person, thus providing wider access to low-income clients who are most in need of these types of interventions.
Diffusion weighted imaging demystified: the technique and potential clinical applications for soft tissue imaging

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a fast, non-contrast technique that is readily available and easy to integrate into an existing imaging protocol. DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping offers a quantitative metric for soft tissue evaluation and provides information regarding the cellularity of a region of interest. There are several available methods of performing DWI, and artifacts and pitfalls must be considered when interpreting DWI studies. This review article will review the various techniques of DWI acquisition and utility of qualitative as well as quantitative methods of image interpretation, with emphasis on optimal methods for ADC measurement. The current clinical applications for DWI are primarily related to oncologic evaluation: For the assessment of de novo soft tissue masses, ADC mapping can serve as a useful adjunct technique to routine anatomic sequences for lesion characterization as cyst or solid and, if solid, benign or malignant. For treated soft tissue masses, the role of DWI/ADC mapping in the assessment of treatment response as well as recurrent or residual neoplasm in the setting of operative management is discussed, especially when intravenous contrast medium cannot be given. Emerging DWI applications for non-neoplastic clinical indications are also reviewed.
The Effect of the Dielectric Constant and Ion Mobility in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) are a promising low-cost option for display and solid-state lighting. In these devices, the interplay of mobile ions, electrons, and holes makes for rich physics that can be leveraged for high performance. One example of this interplay is in the formation and radiative decay of excitons-bound electron and hole pairs. Considerations from exciton binding and Langevin recombination suggest that a low dielectric constant (ϵ) would enhance emission. However, emission is also enhanced by the product of the bulk hole and electron concentrations, which in LEECs are enhanced by the motion of small mobile ions yielding high dielectric constants. These competing effects make it difficult to predict whether active layers with low or high dielectric constants will optimize device performance. Here, the effect of varying the dielectric constant on the performance of LEEC devices from ionic transition-metal complexes was studied by systematically exchanging the negative counterions paired with an iridium complex emitter. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, constant voltage and constant current device studies, and drift-diffusion simulations were performed. The results clarify the competing effects of Langevin bimolecular recombination and ion-assisted injection processes occurring in LEECs.
Application-specific graph sampling for frequent subgraph mining and community detection

Graph mining is an important data analysis methodology, but struggles as the input graph size increases. The scalability and usability challenges posed by such large graphs make it imperative to sample the input graph and reduce its size. The critical challenge in sampling is to identify the appropriate algorithm to insure the resulting analysis does not suffer heavily from the data reduction. Predicting the expected performance degradation for a given graph and sampling algorithm is also useful. In this paper, we present different sampling approaches for graph mining applications such as Frequent Subgrpah Mining (FSM), and Community Detection (CD). We explore graph metrics such as PageRank, Triangles, and Diversity to sample a graph and conclude that for heterogeneous graphs Triangles and Diversity perform better than degree based metrics. We also present two new sampling variations for targeted graph mining applications. We present empirical results to show that knowledge of the target application, along with input graph properties can be used to select the best sampling algorithm. We also conclude that performance degradation is an abrupt, rather than gradual phenomena, as the sample size decreases. We present the empirical results to show that the performance degradation follows a logistic function. Original Datasets, implementation of sampling algorithms, and results are available online.1
Stabilization of unmanned helicopter with suspended payload in presence of wind gusts and rotor downwash

Helicopters utilization is not limited to military and surveillance applications but they are also used for transporting heavy loads from one place to another because of their vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities. However slung load is drastically affected by disturbances around the system making difficult for helicopter to regain control. Tip vortices at the blades induce velocity which not only effect blades but also degrade performance of the whole system by creating vibrations. This paper proposes control technique based on sliding mode control utilizing linear matrix inequality to keep payload unaffected in the presence of rotor downwash and time varying air disturbances during hovering. With the help of proposed controller desired trajectory is achieved due to its robustness and variable control structure.
A new paradigm for local-global coupling in whole-core neutron transport

A new paradigm that increases the efficiency of whole-core neutron transport calculations without lattice homogenization is introduced. Quasi-reflected interface conditions are formulated to partia...
QUANTITATIVE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY OF “CLASSICAL” PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS

Abstract 1 Quantification of EEG signals, using frequency analysis and/or amplitude analysis, permits the detection and characterization of certain psychoactive drug effects, both in patients and in normal volunteers. 2 In non-patients the occurrence of the main EEG rhythms is differentially changed by minor tranquilizers, neuroleptics, antidepressants, stimulants and hallucinogens. Such data have predictive value for therapy. 3 Amplitude analysis, especially when performed interhemispherically, also permits the detection of such drug effects. These are manifested by significant changes in either the mean amplitudes, their time-course variability, or both. The data are especially informative when the pre-postdrug relationships are taken into consideration.
Biochemistry of Neurogenesis

Subsequent to embryonic brain development, neurogenesis continues to occur throughout the lifetime of all mammals examined to date in specific brain regions. Understanding the molecular pathways involved in regulating neuronal development in the adult brain can lead to novel clinical strategies to replace neurons injured through acute trauma or chronic diseases. Using adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as a model system, we describe the key factors that play a role in the multistage process that defines neural development in the mature nervous system. We focus on critical biochemical substrates of extrinsic and intrinsic regulators of neurogenesis. Adult-born neurons arise from neural stem cells within the neurogenic niche and this local milieu contributes substantively to the ability of immature neurons to achieve full functional integration into the existing circuitry. Despite a complex interaction between environmental and cell-autonomous cues, we identify several key pathways that may reveal convergent mechanisms and provide novel targets for future clinical investigations.
Automated road breaching to enhance extraction of natural drainage networks from elevation models through deep learning

Abstract. High-resolution (HR) digital elevation models (DEMs), such as those at resolutions of 1 and 3 meters, have increasingly become more widely available, along with lidar point cloud data. In a natural environment, a detailed surface water drainage network can be extracted from a HR DEM using flow-direction and flow-accumulation modeling. However, elevation details captured in HR DEMs, such as roads and overpasses, can form barriers that incorrectly alter flow accumulation models, and hinder the extraction of accurate surface water drainage networks. This study tests a deep learning approach to identify the intersections of roads and stream valleys, whereby valley channels can be burned through road embankments in a HR DEM for subsequent flow accumulation modeling, and proper natural drainage network extraction.
Long Noncoding RNAs in Atherosclerosis: JACC Review Topic of the Week

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a complex and chronic disease characterized by lipid deposition in the vessel wall that leads to an inflammatory and proliferative cascade involving smooth muscle, endothelial, and immune cells. Despite substantial improvements in our understanding of mechanisms contributing to atherosclerosis and overall reduction in cardiovascular mortality, the absolute disease burden remains substantially high. The recent discovery of a new group of mediators known as long noncoding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) offers a unique opportunity for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic tools in atherothrombotic disease. A number of studies suggest that lncRNAs are important mediators in health and disease, and rapidly accumulating evidence implicates lncRNAs in regulatory circuits controlling atherosclerosis. In this review, the authors outline important contributions of lncRNAs to atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
Are We All Postmodernists Now

The term postmodernism is impossible to define in the general case; it can be interpreted only with reference to specific fields of work or study. Even when referring to special education or behavi...
A New Day

What stands in the way of a “new day” in elementary education is each of the ten things described in this book. Speaking psychologically, these obstacles come down to three things: fear, ideology, and an intense need to control. The first part of the chapter discusses ways of dealing with the public and administrative fear of not having all students succeed in the college prep curriculum. Much of this fear comes down to mistaken theories of children’s nature as “blank slates.” The second part of the chapter describes how to confront ideology in public education, most particularly the powerful explanatory stories of social climbing and socioeconomic oppression. The chapter concludes with concrete suggestions for avoiding the need to control children’s future by fitting them into a one-size-fits-all college prep curriculum. A reimagined middle and high school curriculum is presented that includes three to four curricular options rather than just the one which exits now. These different options would accord better with the actual career paths today’s students take (noncollege jobs, semi-or high-skilled Associate-level work, and college-required jobs).
Odors: from chemical structures to gaseous plumes

Abstract We are immersed within an odorous sea of chemical currents that we parse into individual odors with complex structures. Odors have been posited as determined by the structural relation between the molecules that compose the chemical compounds and their interactions with the receptor site. But, naturally occurring smells are parsed from gaseous odor plumes. To give a comprehensive account of the nature of odors the chemosciences must account for these large distributed entities as well. We offer a focused review of what is known about the perception of odor plumes for olfactory navigation and tracking, which we then connect to what is known about the role odorants play as properties of the plume in determining odor identity with respect to odor quality. We end by motivating our central claim that more research needs to be conducted on the role that odorants play within the odor plume in determining odor identity.
Fire performance of concrete containing nano-fibers and graphite nano-particles

Abstract One of mankind's biggest achievements has been to harness fire which has quickened the pace of technological advancements. While we have benefitted greatly, we have suffered none the less. Structural fires have been a huge problem for the past few decades and the loss of property and life has been immense. Concrete structures are generally considered as potent against fire, given the intrinsic lower thermal conductivity of concrete and its enduring nature. However, irreversible physical and chemical changes occur in the cement matrix over long periods of fire exposure. Concrete is a multi-phase, multi-scale material, with each phase behaving differently under fire conditions. This difference of behavior often leads to deterioration of mechanical strength of concrete which can cause structural failures. Human population is on the rise and so is the need for its habitation, thus the building materials are being used today at a higher pace than ever. The advanced building materials are light, strong, durable and long lasting; however, the problem could be with their resistance to fire. This is where nano-technology offers innovative and effective solutions, by contributing to develop building materials that are not only durable and sustainable in nature, but at the same time are fire enduring.
Automated Cyber Risk Mitigation: Making Informed Cost-Effective Decisions

Automated and cost-effective security configuration for cyber risk management is a complex decision-making process because it requires considering many different factors, including hosts’ security weaknesses, potential threat actors, critical assets’ exposure to threat actors due to network connectivity, service reachability requirements according to business polices, acceptable usability due to security hardness, and budgetary constraints. Although many automated techniques and tools have been proposed to scan host vulnerabilities and verify their compliance with security policies, existing approaches lack metrics and analytics to identify fine-grained network access control based on comprehensive risk analysis using the network connectivity and both the hosts’ compliance reports and live threat activity.