cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Current status of taxanes as adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer

Several factors explain the significant improvement in outcome among patients diagnosed with breast cancer over the last 20 years. Chief among them are the greater adoption of screening strategies and an improved understanding of the benefit offered by adjuvant systemic therapy in reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and death. Predictive markers of response like the estrogen receptor (ER) and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) help identify those most likely to derive a survival benefit from adjuvant therapy with anti-estrogens and trastuzumab therapy, respectively. However, despite the lack of robust predictive markers of clinical benefit, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy is an effective tool to improve the survival odds of breast cancer patients, especially those with ER-negative breast cancer. The Oxford Overview confirmed the incremental benefit offered by the use of anthracycline-containing regimens in the adjuvant setting. After being approved in the early 1990's for the treatment of advanced breast cancer, the taxanes gradually established themselves as useful drugs in the adjuvant setting. In this commentary, we review much of the current data that support the use of taxanes in early-stage breast cancer.
P-027 statin use is associated with reduced aneurysm recurrence in small and medium sized ruptured aneurysms

Background and purpose A number of studies have examined the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in aneurysm healing following endovascular coiling. Because ruptured aneurysms are known to express higher levels of MMPs, we hypothesized that subarachnoid hemorrhage patients who were on a statin at the time of coil embolization would have lower aneurysm recanalization and retreatment rates than non-statin patients. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who received intrasaccular coil embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms≤10 mm with at least 6-months of imaging follow-up. Patients were separated into two groups: 1) patients who were on an oral statin medication at the time of coiling and 2) patients who were not on a statin. Outcomes studied were aneurysm recurrence and aneurysm retreatment after endovascular coiling. Student’s t-test and chi-squared tests were used to test statistical significance of differences between groups. Results 132 ruptured aneurysm patients with 132 ruptured aneurysms were included in our study. 16 were on statin (12.1%) and 116 were not (87.9%). Recurrence rates were significantly lower in the statin group than in the non-statin group. Recurrence rates were 6.3% (1/16) for the statin group and 36.2% (41/116) for the non-statin group (P = 0.017). There was a trend towards lower retreatment rate in the statin group. Unplanned retreatment rates were 6.3% (1/16) for the statin group and 25.9% (30/116) for the non-statin group (P = 0.08). The only baseline characteristics that differed between the statin and non-statin groups were mean age. When considering patients with ruptured aneurysms 10 mm or small and adjusting for age, statin use was associated with a significantly lower odds of recurrence (OR=0.13, 95% CI=0.01–0.72, P = 0.016) and a non-statistically significant lower odds of retreatment (OR==0.29, 95% CI=0.01–1.55, P = 0.16). Conclusions Statins were associated with a lower rate of aneurysm recurrence following endovascular coiling of small and medium sized ruptured aneurysms in this retrospective study. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding to determine if statins can be used to reduce recurrence rates in these aneurysms. Disclosures W. Brinjikji: 1; C; Brain Aneurysm Foundation. V. Shahi: None. H. Cloft: None. G. Lanzino: 2; C; Covidien. D. Kallmes: 1; C; Covidien. R. Kadirvel: None.
Peptide hormones in assessing fetal status.

Three well characterized placental protein hormones —human chorionic thyrotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin and human placental lactogen—and their use as fetal monitors of the fetoplacental unit are reviewed.
Images as Facilitators of Public Participation in Science

AbstractImages in popular science invite public participation in science. Contrary to some theorists’ and scholars’ contentions that images are dangerous, misleading, and otherwise inferior to verbal communication, pictures can be shown to productively engage the public in conversations about science. Images may elide the complexity of scientific arguments (Blair, 2004; 1996; Fleming, 1996) thereby widening the gap between specialists’ and public understanding of science. Although a disconnect may always exist between specialists ’and public conceptions of scientific arguments, public participation may hinge on the quality and distribution of the images.
The Struggle between ‘Ali and Mu Āwiyah for the Caliphate

Abu-Bakr, one of the earliest supporters and staunchest friends of Muhammad, whose alter ego he was and who had conducted the public prayers during the last illness of the Prophet, was designated (June 8, 632) Muḥammad’s successor by some form of election in which those leaders present at the capital, al-Madīnah, took part. He was to assume all those duties and privileges of the Prophet with the exception of such as related to his prophetic office—which had ceased with Muḥammad’s death.
Optimal kinodynamic motion planning in environments with unexpected obstacles

This paper presents and analyzes a new algorithm, the Goal Tree (GT) algorithm, for motion planning in dynamic environments where new, unexpected obstacles appear sporadically. The GT builds on the RRT∗ algorithm by employing an initial RRT∗ tree rooted at the goal. When finding new obstacle information, O, the GT quickly constructs a new tree rooted at the current location of the robot, x I /, by sampling in a strict subset of the free space. The new tree then reuses branches from the original tree so that it can produce paths to the goal. Compared to running the RRT∗, the GT reduces, on average, the time needed to produce a path of equal cost. We prove that, generically, there exists a region, which is a strict subset of the free space, which can be used with the GT algorithm to produce an asymptotically globally optimal path. This region is theoretically characterized for planning problems in d dimensional environments. An alternative region is provided for robots with Dubins' vehicle dynamics and a vehicle with no dynamics both under a Euclidean distance cost function. Simulations for a Dubins' vehicle robot verify our results.
Media and Youth Development: An Overview of Issues, Theory, and Research

The homes of today’s youth are filled with a variety of media options, ranging from televisions (71%) and video game consoles (50%) in their bedrooms to portable handheld devices (e.g., iPods/mp3 players, 76%) and cell phones (71%) that can accompany youth wherever they go. Of course, youth also have access to centralized media found in homes, such as televisions (99% of homes) and computers with and without Internet access (93% and 84% of homes, respectively). Not surprisingly, youth consume media for about 7.5 hours per day, much of which involves using more than one media at the same time (i.e., multitasking), with adolescents consuming significantly more media than children (Lenhart, 2012; Rideout, Foehr, & Roberts, 2010).
Anxiety symptoms and risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment in the oldest old women.

ABSTRACTObjectives: Research is limited and findings conflict regarding anxiety as a predictor of future cognitive decline in the oldest old persons. We examined the relationship between levels of and changes in anxiety symptoms, and subsequent dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the oldest old women. Method: We conducted secondary analyses of data collected from 1425 community-dwelling women (mean age = 82.8, SD ±3.1 years) followed on average for five years. The Goldberg Anxiety Scale was used to assess anxiety symptoms at baseline, and an expert clinical panel adjudicated dementia and MCI at follow-up. Participants with probable cognitive impairment at baseline were excluded. Results: At baseline, 190 (13%) women had moderate/severe anxiety symptoms and 403 (28%) had mild anxiety symptoms. Compared with those with no anxiety symptoms at baseline, women with mild anxiety symptoms were more likely to develop dementia at follow-up (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio = 1.66, 95% confidence inter...
Considering gender analogies in southeastern prehistoric archaeology

Prehistoric archaeologists have done very little yet to explore how gender “works” within the historical processes of social construction during the long prehistory of the Southeast. As we undertak...
Abstract 5186: Vemurafenib selectively radiosensitizes BRAF V600E mutant papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells

BRAF activating mutations act as oncogenic drivers and are highly prevalent in thyroid cancer, occurring in about 60% of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) as well as 30-40% anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). MAPK signaling and treatment resistance is driven by BRAF mutations in thyroid cancer. Among the most common of these mutations is BRAFV600E, which can be selectively inhibited by vemurafenib. Using a panel of PTC and ATC cell lines we assessed how the presence/absence of BRAFV600E impacts radiation sensitivity. We used radiation clonogenics, comet assays, nuclear foci formation, immunoblotting, and mouse xenografts models to determine the effect of vemurafenib on PTC and ATC cells. Analysis of radiation clonogenics implicated higher radioresistance in cell lines containing the BRAFV600E mutation as compared to wild-type BRAF. Additionally, forced expression of BRAFV600E in a wild-type thyroid cancer cell line induced radioresistance. Vemurafenib inhibited MAPK signaling in V600E mutant cell lines, but showed no effect in BRAF wild-type cell lines. Vemurafenib pretreatment selectively radiosensitized BRAFV600E mutants in vitro, as assessed by radiation clonogenic assays. Comet assays revealed impairment of DNA repair in BRAFV600E lines when treated with vemurafenib and radiation. Additionally, γ-H2A.x westerns and nuclear foci staining indicated that vemurafenib pretreatment decreases the tumor cell’s ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in BRAFV600E cell lines. Vemurafenib also appeared to alter the kinetics of formation and resolution of 53BP1 and Rad51 nuclear foci in these cell lines. Evaluation of DSB functional repair using GFP reporter constructs, suggests that BRAFV600E induces NHEJ repair, which can be attenuated by vemurafenib treatment. Finally, vemurafenib effectively increases radiosensitivity of BRAF V600E tumors in vivo. From our results, BRAF activating mutation appears to be associated with radioresistance. Vemurafenib selectively radiosensitizes both PTC and ATC cells through inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms. Combining vemurafenib and radiation may improve therapeutic control for BRAFV600E mutant thyroid cancers. Citation Format: Ryan N. Robb, Linlin Yang, Terence Williams. Vemurafenib selectively radiosensitizes BRAF V600E mutant papillary and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5186. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5186
Nature and Environmental Education in Early Childhood

With the current expansion of universal preschool and transitional kindergarten and other early childhood programs, as well as national attention to children’s health and issues of planetary sustai...
Fracking Bad Guys: Narrative Character Affect in Public Opinion About Hydraulic Fracturing

Recent growth in unconventional oil and gas development is controversial, fueling an ongoing U.S. policy debate. Central to these discussions is hydraulic fracturing, or ‘fracking’, a well-stimulation technique that has become synonymous with unconventional oil and gas extraction methods. This research applies Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to explore how culturally-nuanced narratives shape individuals’ policy preferences toward fracking regulations. A census-balanced internet panel (n=1,145) is used to conduct a survey experiment where participants are randomly assigned to four groups and exposed to information regarding fracking practices. The control group receives only a baseline fact list (e.g., benefits and costs associated with fracking) while three treatment groups are exposed to one of three culturally distinct narratives (e.g., egalitarian narrative, hierarch narrative, and individualist narrative). The results of causal mediation analysis suggest that while there is no direct effect of the narrative treatments on the formation of individuals’ fracking policy preferences, culturally nuanced narratives do influence the general public’s attitudes on fracking policies indirectly through their effects on individuals’ reactions towards villain characters presented in the narratives. These findings demonstrate a complex cognitive interplay between narrative communication and policy preference formation among the American public.
Evaluating Differential Effects of Specific Pain Dismissal Interactions With Physicians.

Objectives Over 40% of adolescents with chronic pain report experiencing pain dismissal, which is a response from another individual that is perceived as diminishing, denying, or disbelieving an individual's report of pain. Pain dismissal by physicians often leaves patients feeling discredited, which may discourage them from seeking and receiving proper treatment for their pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the 4 most commonly reported types of physician pain dismissal differentially affect individuals' reactions. Materials and methods Emerging adults, age 18- to 25-years old (N=352, 60% female), were randomly assigned to read 1 of 4 vignettes describing patient-provider interactions that included the most commonly reported types of pain dismissal identified by previous research: denial/disbelief, minimizing, faking for secondary gain, and psychogenic. Participants answered questions regarding their reactions to the pain dismissal vignettes. Results All 4 vignettes were perceived as dismissive and problematic by the majority of participants, but participants who read the psychogenic pain dismissal vignette were less dissatisfied overall with the hypothetical medical appointment than participants who read the other 3 vignettes. Discussion All 4 types of physician pain dismissal were broadly perceived negatively, suggesting that the experience of pain dismissal is likely not due to patient hypersensitivity but to physician behavior. Discussion of the psychological factors associated with pain was less likely to be perceived as dismissive. Psychologists and physicians should collaborate to develop recommended language that validates patients' experiences of pain, communicates appropriate levels of empathy, and reduces the frequency of perceived physician pain dismissal.
Use of an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker is a major risk factor for dehydration requiring readmission in the setting of a new ileostomy.

Diverting ileostomies help prevent major complications related to anastomoses after colorectal resection but can cause metabolic derangement and hypovolemia, leading to readmission. This paper aims to determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use increased the risk of readmission, or readmission specifically for dehydration after new ileostomy creation. Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing diverting ileostomy at a tertiary-care hospital, 2009–2015. Primary outcome was 60-day readmission for dehydration; secondary outcomes included 60-day readmission for any cause, or for infection obstruction. Ninety-nine patients underwent diverting ileostomy creation, 59% with a primary diagnosis of colorectal cancer. The 60-day readmission rate was 36% (n = 36). Of readmitted patients, 39% (n = 14) were admitted for dehydration. Other readmission reasons were infection (33%) and obstruction (3%). The majority (64%, n = 9) of patients readmitted for dehydration were taking either an ACEi or an ARB. Compared to patients not readmitted for dehydration, those who were readmitted for dehydration were more likely to be on an ACEi or an ARB (11/85, 13% vs. 9/14, 64%). After controlling for covariates, ACEi or ARB use was significantly associated with risk of readmission (p < 0.0001, odds ratio = 13.56, 95% confidence interval 3.54–51.92,). No other diuretic agent was statistically associated with readmission for dehydration. ACEi and ARB use is a significant risk factor for readmission for dehydration following diverting ileostomy creation. Consideration should be given to withholding these medications after ileostomy creation to reduce this risk.
Public–private collaboration toward research, education and innovation opportunities in precision agriculture

Regular assessment of precision agriculture (PA) knowledge gaps and opportunities, of PA’s relationship to decision and sustainable agriculture, and of the roles of various research and educational institutions helps advance the development, use and adoption of this science. It also helps to limit redundancy in a science that is rapidly evolving. Such assessments were conducted during a 2016 roundtable discussion by 32 public-sector and industry scientists, administrators and stakeholders predominately from the United States but also from Brazil, Canada, Germany, Israel, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United Kingdom. This article synthesizes those discussions and presents perspectives on developing coordinated, useable decisions from PA to meet sustainable agriculture goals. It concludes with milestones needed to advance PA research and development. Results will guide both public and private researchers and other stakeholders seeking to develop PA to help meet national and global sustainability goals for agriculture. These efforts will also act as a catalyst for regular discussions on PA research, education and development opportunities and coordination between public and private institutions in international forums on PA. Expected impacts include global action to help bring PA techniques and technologies into the mainstream of farming systems and acceleration of the interaction of genetics, environment, management and socioeconomic [(G × E × M) S] approach to sustainably intensify agriculture.
Naturally Occurring Antineoplastic and Cytotoxic Agents

The earliest applications in cancer treatment of materials derived from natural products probably began with the development of man’s reasoning abilities. The general use of medicinal plants has been known for at least 60,000 years. Remains of a human body and plants placed in an Iraqi cave at that time have recently been found. Seven of the eight pollens discovered were identified as from medicinal plants.342 The Egyptian medical papyri, particularly the Ebers Papyrus of approximately 1550 b.c.,91 describe the use of plant materials for afflictions assumed to be cancer. Such recorded references begin with the Chinese Shen-Nung of the period 2838–2698 b.c., but these materials were probably well known much earlier. Indeed some of this information still forms an integral part of traditional Chinese medical treatment, and a variety of plant extracts are currently in use as supportive measures for contemporary cancer treatment.299 In this regard, modern development in China of medicinal agents from plants is greatly influenced by Mao’s view that “Chinese medicine and pharmacology are a great treasure house and must be explored and raised to a higher level.” While a member of the U.S.
Bemerkungen zu den Entropietafeln

Die beigegebenen Tafeln dienen zur raschen und ubersichtlichen Berechnung der Kaltemaschinen: fur Abzissen und Ordinaten sind die Masstabe so gewahlt, das die Losung technischer Aufgaben mit genugender Genauigkeit erfolgen kann.
Trustworthy Computing in the Dynamic IoT Cloud

In this paper, we consider the issues of trustworthy computing for the dynamic IoT cloud. First, we introduce the vertical and horizontal computing structures in the extended IoT cloud where IoT devices, edge, fog, and cloud are integrated in a layered infrastructure. Then, we consider the issues and design a framework and accompanying mechanisms for performing trustworthy computing making use of the vertical IoT cloud structure to secure the IoT cloud in vertical and horizontal computation structures. Specifically, we discuss a general trustworthy computing pattern in the IoT cloud and use intrusion detection as an example to illustrate the idea, develop an advanced access control and policy definition model for highly dynamic IoT networks, and introduce an integrated data provenance and information control mechanism to assure the data integrity and secure the information flow for various computation patterns in the IoT cloud.
Slavery in the Constitution: Why the Lower South Occasionally Succeeded at the Constitutional Convention:

The Lower South’s successes at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 contributed to a constitution that prohibited federal interference with the slave trade until 1808, guaranteed fugitive slaves w...
CD4 Levels and Viral Load during Ulcerative Colitis Flares in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Case Series.

Background: The “Remission Hypothesis” suggests that in patients with both HIV and UC an immunosuppressed state allows for the remission of UC and decreased number of flares. While the exact mechanism is unknown, this theory considers the relationship between CD4 count and flare progression. However, currently literature does not take into account the role that viral load might play in modulating flare activity. Methods: This is a case series including three patients with concurrent HIV and IBD at two large urban academic centers. A retrospective chart review was done and clinical information such as CD4+ count, viral load and flare symptoms were collected for each patient. Results: Three patients with a total of eleven UC flares were evaluated between the years of 2007 and 2018. Of the eleven flares, nine flares occurred while the viral load was undetectable, one flare occurred while the viral load was unknown, and one flare while the viral load was detectable. Conclusions: Nine out of eleven UC flares occurred while the patients’ viral loads were undetectable, which can support a “Remission Hypothesis” which is inclusive of viral load instead of CD4+ count. However, it is important to note that the disease progression of Patient 3 does not completely support this version of the hypothesis. While we cannot comment on whether the “Remission Hypothesis” is true or not, we do believe a more inclusive theory including viral load should be considered.
Skeletal mineralization: mechanisms and diseases

Skeletal mineralization is initiated in matrix vesicles (MVs), the small extracellular vesicles derived from osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) taken up by MVs form hydroxyapatite crystals, which propagate on collagen fibrils to mineralize the extracellular matrix. Insufficient calcium or phosphate impairs skeletal mineralization. Because active vitamin D is necessary for intestinal calcium absorption, vitamin D deficiency is a significant cause of rickets/osteomalacia. Chronic hypophosphatemia also results in rickets/osteomalacia. Excessive action of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a key regulator of Pi metabolism, leads to renal Pi wasting and impairs vitamin D activation. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common form of hereditary FGF23-related hypophosphatemia, and enhanced FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling in osteocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Increased extracellular Pi triggers signal transduction via FGFR to regulate gene expression, implying a close relationship between Pi metabolism and FGFR. An anti-FGF23 antibody, burosumab, has recently been developed as a new treatment for XLH. In addition to various forms of rickets/osteomalacia, hypophosphatasia (HPP) is characterized by impaired skeletal mineralization. HPP is caused by inactivating mutations in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme rich in MVs. The recent development of enzyme replacement therapy using bone-targeting recombinant alkaline phosphatase has improved the prognosis, motor function, and quality of life in patients with HPP. This links impaired skeletal mineralization with various conditions, and unraveling its pathogenesis will lead to more precise diagnoses and effective treatments.
Health Disparities in the Access and Cost of Health Care for Otolaryngologic Conditions.

ObjectiveTo demonstrate whether race, education, income, or insurance status influences where patients seek medical care and the cost of care for a broad range of otolaryngologic diseases in the Un...
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION LEVEL ON ADHERENCE TO NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION PATIENTS

A patient's ability to access and understand basic health information can be impacted by his/her level of education. Persons with lower levels of education face greater barriers to improving cardiovascular health. Since cardiac rehabilitation (CR) utilizes a nutritional curriculum, a patient's
The more the merrier: Acute care advanced practice registered nurses and antimicrobial stewardship

In the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in advance practice registered nurses (APRNs) in the acute care setting. In 2017, the Joint Commission issued antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) standards for the acute care setting. The role of the APRNs has not formally been recognized in the guidelines for implementing and operative AMS programs. Regardless, APRNs are increasingly performing essential roles in antibiotic stewardship, and the aim of this review is to describe areas APRNs can impact antibiotics stewardship. Articles that described AMS process were indexed from PubMed. APRNs have expertise in managing and coordinating care for across many clinical conditions and are able to improve the quality of care and improve AMS. The following core competencies are addressed in this article: Medical knowledge, Patient care.
Capability Analysis of Global Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Facilities for Aerothermodynamic Investigations

Much of the work in the field of aerothermodynamics focusing hypersonic vehicles is underway in different parts of the world, yet a comprehensive review of all hypersonic wind tunnel facilities is missing from literature. Current study addresses this research gap by reviewing all existing and operational hypersonic wind tunnels of the world. Aerothermodynamic vehicle has peculiar design features with varying performance parameters as they pass through different flight regimes during single flight operation. Ascent to space and reentry back into atmosphere being the two most important flight regimes any such vehicle pass through. Maximum dynamic pressure during exit for space and total heat flux going into the vehicle surface during reentry are critical measurements to be undertaken inside ground facility during initial design phase. Hypersonic regime has thermodynamic and chemical processes, which dominate energy transfer between medium and re-entry vehicle. Measurement of performance parameters remained a challenge for at least half a decade. Researchers are facing difficulties in measuring accurate and reliable data from wind tunnels conducting experiments at hypersonic speeds. The operational facilities can meet Mach and Reynolds numbers requirements but noise levels, binary scaling parameters, capturing non-equilibrium phenomenon are to name few which pose real challenge to designers of this age. This research reviews basic types of existing hypersonic wind tunnel facilities and presents a comparative study of world's famous hypersonic ground test facilities which have shown significant contribution towards research and development activities in the field of aerothermodynamics. This study will be helpful in identifying correct facility for any aerothermodynamic research to be undertaken in future. It is concluded that no real time hypersonic wind tunnel exists in world today which can be run for long durations and have all physical phenomenon of hypersonic flow. There are several technological complications still present today which includes maintaining high stagnation temperatures for long duration, large test sections, lacking of physical flow features around tested vehicle like think shock layer, entropy layer, viscous interactions and capabilities for large angle of attack parametric variation.
Treatment of rickets and dyslipidemia in twins with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2

Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 2 (PFIC2) is a rare congenital cholestatic liver disease that progresses to end stage liver disease. It is associated with fat soluble vitamin D deficiency rickets and severe dyslipidemia; however, treatment of these secondary effects remains a challenge. One year old twin males born to a mother with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy presented with jaundice, pruritus and failure to thrive. Lab evaluation revealed significant transaminitis, direct hyperbilirubinemia and normal gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). Genetic studies confirmed PFIC2. Further evaluation for fat soluble vitamin deficiencies revealed severe vitamin D deficiency rickets. High dose vitamin D replacement therapy using Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) 50,000 IU three times a week over 10 weeks led to the improvement of Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxy (25-OH) serum levels and resolution of rickets. Dyslipidemia with very low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglycerides was more profound in our patients compared to what has been described in the literature thus far. The dyslipidemia improved 2 months after internal biliary diversion. Higher doses of Vitamin D therapy are needed for treatment of rickets secondary to cholestasis. Extremely low HDL-C levels are characteristic of PFIC and improve with treatment of underlying cholestasis. Maternal intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy can be an early warning sign.
The phylogeny and systematics of Xiphosura.

Xiphosurans are aquatic chelicerates with a fossil record extending into the Early Ordovician and known from a total of 88 described species, four of which are extant. Known for their apparent morphological conservatism, for which they have gained notoriety as supposed 'living fossils', recent analyses have demonstrated xiphosurans to have an ecologically diverse evolutionary history, with several groups moving into non-marine environments and developing morphologies markedly different from those of the modern species. The combination of their long evolutionary and complex ecological history along with their paradoxical patterns of morphological stasis in some clades and experimentation among others has resulted in Xiphosura being of particular interest for macroevolutionary study. Phylogenetic analyses have shown the current taxonomic framework for Xiphosura-set out in the Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology in 1955-to be outdated and in need of revision, with several common genera such as Paleolimulus Dunbar, 1923 and Limulitella Stormer, 1952 acting as wastebasket taxa. Here, an expanded xiphosuran phylogeny is presented, comprising 58 xiphosuran species as part of a 158 taxon chelicerate matrix coded for 259 characters. Analysing the matrix under both Bayesian inference and parsimony optimisation criteria retrieves a concordant tree topology that forms the basis of a genus-level systematic revision of xiphosuran taxonomy. The genera Euproops Meek, 1867, Belinurus Konig, 1820, Paleolimulus, Limulitella, and Limulus are demonstrated to be non-monophyletic and the previously synonymized genera Koenigiella Raymond, 1944 and Prestwichianella Cockerell, 1905 are shown to be valid. In addition, nine new genera (Andersoniella gen. nov., Macrobelinurus gen. nov., and Parabelinurus gen. nov. in Belinurina; Norilimulus gen. nov. in Paleolimulidae; Batracholimulus gen. nov. and Boeotiaspis gen. nov. in Austrolimulidae; and Allolimulus gen. nov., Keuperlimulus gen. nov., and Volanalimulus gen. nov. in Limulidae) are erected to accommodate xiphosuran species not encompassed by existing genera. One new species, Volanalimulus madagascarensis gen. et sp. nov., is also described. Three putative xiphosuran genera-Elleria Raymond, 1944, Archeolimulus Chlupac, 1963, and Drabovaspis Chlupac, 1963-are determined to be non-xiphosuran arthropods and as such are removed from Xiphosura. The priority of Belinurus Konig, 1820 over Bellinurus Pictet, 1846 is also confirmed. This work is critical for facilitating the study of the xiphosuran fossil record and is the first step in resolving longstanding questions regarding the geographic distribution of the modern horseshoe crab species and whether they truly represent 'living fossils'. Understanding the long evolutionary history of Xiphosura is vital for interpreting how the modern species may respond to environmental change and in guiding conservation efforts.
Traumatic Brown-Séquard syndrome: modern reminder of a neurological injury.

Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) presents as an ipsilateral loss of motor function, proprioception and vibratory sensation accompanied by contralateral pain and temperature loss two to three levels below the level of the injury. It is one of the syndromes associated with incomplete transection of the spinal cord. Classic BSS is rare as most patients present with mixed neurological deficits related to damage of the spinal cord and surrounding structures. BSS remains prevalent in areas with high trauma burden, where assaults with sharp weapons are common. We present the case of a man aged 38 years who sustained a stab injury to the left back. BSS was diagnosed. He underwent removal of the weapon in the operating room and had an uneventful recovery to near baseline functional level after a course of rehabilitation. Despite being a rare aetiology, BSS continues to be an excellent reminder to trauma providers of the anatomy and physiology of neuroanatomical tracts.
Commentary on "Acute parathyroid hormone increase by oral peptones administration after Roux-En-Y gastric bypass surgery in obese subjects: role of phosphate in the rapid control of parathyroid hormone release".

BEVILACQUA et al 1 report a very elegant series of physiology experiments done in people before and after gastric bypass procedures for obesity. They have demonstrated control of PTH hormone secretion by serum phosphate, independent of effects on serum calcium concentration. They showed this both by acutely increasing serum phosphate and by partially blocking the effect with agents that prevent phosphate absorption. These experiments take advantage of the opportunity to deliver a bolus of phosphate directly to the jejunum in order to acutely increase the serum phosphate, and then to determine the effects. Recent data suggest that this control mechanism exists in rodents, but it had not been previously demonstrated in humans. 2
Characterizing Prostate Specific Antigen Levels at Death in Patients with Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: Are we underutilizing imaging?

Abstract Background Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a valuable prognostic and predictive biomarker in prostate cancer; however, the significance of PSA at or near the time of death is not well understood. This study aimed to characterize the significance of PSA at death in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Patients and Methods The Mount Sinai Genitourinary Cancer Biorepository, an institutional review board–approved, single-institution database containing all consented genitourinary cancer patients seen between 2010 and 2018, was used to identify and stratify patients into the following cohorts based on their PSA at or near death: 1000 ng/mL. Analyses were performed to assess clinical characteristics of disease, treatment response, and outcomes. Results We identified 1097 patients with prostate cancer, and 101 were confirmed to be deceased following a diagnosis of mCRPC. In patients with mCRPC, cohorts of higher PSA level at death were associated with lower Gleason score at diagnosis and a trend toward longer time to mCRPC and longer time from diagnosis to death, despite a higher burden of disease at death. Conversely, subgroup analysis of PSA Conclusions Cohorts of different PSA levels at death in mCRPC patients showed distinct patterns of disease characteristics and clinical outcomes, likely due to the underlying molecular phenotype differences. Imaging for the patient population with very low PSA levels may be underutilized and should be considered more routinely.
Modeling functional and juridical informality: a guide for data-driven policy

This paper reviews a methodology for integrating the informal sector into social accounting matrices and a simple computable general equilibrium model. The model distinguishes informality according...
The Association Between Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Plasma Metabolites in a Longitudinal Study of Healthy Male Welders.

Introduction Human metabolism and inflammation are closely related modulators of homeostasis and immunity. Metabolic profiling is a useful tool to understand the association between metabolism and inflammation at a systemic level. Objective To investigate the longitudinal associations between the concentration of plasma metabolites and biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional analysis consisting of 8 short-term panels that included 88 healthy adult male welders in Massachusetts, USA. In each panel, we collected 1-6 repeated measurements of blood and urine. We used a human vascular injury panel assay and custom cytokine/chemokine assay to quantify inflammatory biomarker plasma levels, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to quantify the concentrations of 665 plasma metabolites, and a competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay to quantify urinary 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane levels. We used linear mixed effects models to estimate the longitudinal association between each inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarker and each metabolite. Results At a 5% FDR threshold, we detected ≥1metabolite association for 8 unique inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers: urinary 8-isoprostane, plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), intercellular adhesion molecule 1, circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10) and vascular endothelial growth factor. Specifically, 3 metabolites in the androgenic steroids pathway were negatively associated with SAA; 3 dihydrosphingomyelins metabolites were positively associated with 1 or more of CRP, SAA, IL-8 and IL-10; 4 metabolites in acyl choline metabolism pathways were negatively associated with IL-8; 7 lysophospholipid metabolites were negatively associated with 1 or more of CRP, SAA and IL-8; 4 sphingomyelins were positively associated with CRP and/or SAA; and 10 metabolites in the xanthine pathway were positively associated with urinary 8-isoprostane. Conclusion We found that metabolites in phospholipid groups had strong associations with multiple inflammatory biomarkers, especially CRP, SAA and IL-8. The mechanism of these associations warrants further investigation.
A Comparison of SARS-COV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Therapies in High-Risk Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Disease at a Single Academic Hospital.

Abstract Background: Bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab are recombinant neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that decrease viral load in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can decrease hospitalizations. Few data exist comparing these two therapies. Objective: Our aim was to compare the efficacy and safety of bamlanivimab and casirivimab/imdevimab in emergency department (ED) patients with COVID-19 who met criteria for monoclonal antibody therapy. Methods: We performed a single-center, open-label, prospective study in adult ED patients with confirmed COVID-19 and high-risk features for hospitalization. Enrolled patients received bamlanivimab or casirivimab/imdevimab, depending on the day of the week that they arrived. We observed patients for post–infusion-related reactions and contacted them on days 5, 10, and 30. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations through day 30. In addition, we compared groups with regard to return visits to the ED, symptom improvement, antibody-induced adverse events, and deaths. Results: Between December 17, 2020 and January 17, 2021, 321 patients completed the study. We found no statistically significant difference in the rate of subsequent hospitalization between groups (bamlanivimab: n = 18 of 201 [8.9%] and casirivimab/imdevimab: n = 13 of 120 [10.8%]; p = 0.57). In addition, we found no statistically significant differences between groups regarding return visits to the ED or symptom improvement. One patient had a possible adverse reaction to the treatment, and 1 patient died. Both of these events occurred in the bamlanivimab group. Conclusions: We found no statistically significant differences in rates of subsequent hospitalization or other outcomes for ED patients with COVID-19 when they received bamlanivimab as opposed to casirivimab/imdevimab. Adverse events were rare in both groups.
ATIVIDADE ENZIMÁTICA DE FUNGOS PRESENTES EM CAULES DE ÁRVORES FRUTÍFERAS DO CERRADO GOIANO

O Cerrado e considerado uma das savanas com maior biodiversidade do mundo. Apesar dos estudos que existem voltados para compreender a micologia, poucos sao os trabalhos que visam elucidar o perfil enzimatico produzido por fungos filamentosos associados ao bioma. O objetivo com esse estudo foi avaliar as atividades proteolitica e pectinolitica de isolados fungicos oriundos do caule de seis arvores frutiferas: pequizeiro, mangabeira, lobeira, muricizeiro, pimenta de macaco e marmelada. Submeteu-se 18 cepas fungicas, em triplicata, a ensaio enzimatico conforme as metodologias adaptadas de Strauss et al. (2001) e Brizzio et al. (2007), em distintos periodos (24, 48 e 72 horas). Para tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e aplicaram-se testes nao parametricos, Friedman (α= 5%) (efeito dos periodos de incubacao) e Kruskal-Wallis (α= 5%) (fonte do substrato). Os isolados fungicos apresentaram maior indice de atividade pectinolitica as 24 e 48 horas de incubacao (P<0,05). As cepas epifiticas em meio caseina tiveram indice de atividade enzimatica superior (P<0,01). No tocante a planta nativa, os isolados da marmelada tiveram maior indice enzimatico no respectivo meio, enquanto os das cepas oriundas da lobeira, mangabeira e pequizeiro apresentaram baixos indices (P<0,01). Todos os isolados fungicos apresentaram atividade enzimatica relevante, em destaque, as cepas do genero Malbranchea spp. obtiveram maior indice de atividade proteolitica (P<0,01) e pectinolitica, em conjunto com Aspergillus spp. e Aureobasidium spp. (P<0,05). Dessa forma, conclui-se que os isolados fungicos do Cerrado possuem potencial enzimatico. Como o genero Malbranchea spp. apresentou maiores indices de atividade proteolitica, e o mais indicado para realizacao de futuros testes enzimaticos objetivando a aplicacao das enzimas. Quanto aos outros isolados, sugere-se que novas pesquisas sejam realizadas com intuito de analisar condicoes otimas para producao de proteases e pectinases.
Becoming Fathers: A Mixed-methods Study of the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mindfulness-Based Group Intervention for Perinatal Fathers

The transition to parenthood can be stressful for mothers and fathers, yet education and psychosocial supports are far less available for fathers. When fathers lack information and support during this transition, they are likely to experience psychological distress, potentially influencing adjustment of mother and infant. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of Becoming Fathers, a brief intervention for expectant and new fathers that combined education and self-care skills like mindfulness in a supportive group format. Two cohorts of men (n = 19), recruited through obstetric clinics, healthcare providers, and university listservs participated in the 5-week program. We examined the feasibility of our recruitment, assessment, and implementation protocols. Fathers indicated satisfaction on brief surveys completed after each session, and through open-ended qualitative responses collected at the end of the program. Results indicated feasibility of the protocols, and positive engagement of the fathers although recruiting this specific population remains a challenge. Qualitative responses, coded and organized into higher-order themes, indicated fathers found the intervention to be valuable, reporting the pairing of skills-based education and supportive group process created a positive learning environment. Higher-order themes emerged of community, openness/vulnerability, utility of information, and the need for more time. Mindfulness skills evoked mixed sentiments. Expectant and new fathers are not currently well supported by available programs, and there is a clear need for additional interventions focused on fathers’ experiences. Becoming Fathers, a father-focused parenting intervention targeting the transition to parenthood, has potential to meet the needs of new fathers.
Micellar Aggregation and the Decay of Triplet Radical Pairs

Magnetic field effects (MFE) on micellized triplet radical or radical ion pairs (RP) involving Vitamin E and the botanical phototoxin ,α-terthienyl, have been observed. Micellar dimensions are found to influence the decay behaviour of both systems. Heavy atom substitution is found to reduce the MFE in the terthienyl case.
David Harvey's justice, nature and the geography of difference: A meta‐theory for ecological socialists?

(1998). David Harvey's justice, nature and the geography of difference: A meta‐theory for ecological socialists? Capitalism Nature Socialism: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 55-59.
Plasmon optical trapping in silicon nitride trench waveguide

Optical trapping by using bowtie antennas deposited on top of a microfluidic SiN trench waveguide is investigated. We show that the presence of plasmonic field enhancement boosts the vertical trapping force by 3 orders of magnitude.
Contracting Planar Graphs Efficiency in Parallel

We describe a new technique for contracting planar graphs which generalizes the tree contraction technique introduced by Miller and Reif. Our algorithm contracts a given planar graph in O(log n) rounds to one with a constant number of vertices. We use this technique to give an efficient NC solution to the following problem. It is known that a planar graph with n≥ 3 vertices has a straight-line embedding on an n−2 by n−2 grid. We show that such an embedding is computable in O(log2n log*n) time using O(n) processors on a CREW PRAM.
Embodied net exports, the effects on intensity of use estimation and mineral demand forecasting. US sulphur 1965-85

Abstract Net embodied exports of US sulphur are estimated. When subtracted from conventional apparent consumption it is shown that domestic consumption (absorption) is overstated and declining. Domestic intensity of use is also declining. These results provide a basis for new forecasts of domestic demand, separate from that derived from international trade. Domestic producers will be differentially affected.