cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serum verapamil concentrations before and after Intralipid® therapy during treatment of an overdose

CONTEXT. Intralipid® infusion is useful in reversing cardiac and central nervous system toxicity of local anesthetic drugs, and recent reports suggest utility in other drug overdoses. CASE DETAILS. A 47-year-old man presented to the emergency department with hypotension and complete heart block 3 h after a sustained-release verapamil overdose. He was given supportive care including calcium and hyperinsulinemia/euglycemia therapy. Nineteen and 29 h post-ingestion, Intralipid® was administered as a bolus, followed by an infusion. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study was to determine the serum verapamil concentrations before and after Intralipid® administration and to ascertain its clinical effects. DISCUSSION. It was found that administration of Intralipid® was followed by a decrease in verapamil concentration once the lipid had been removed from the sample, demonstrating that Intralipid® was effective in sequestering verapamil, effectively removing it from the serum, and supporting its use in the treatment of verapamil overdose. Intralipid® administration was associated with an increase in the patient's blood pressure, but because other vasoactive drugs were given at the same time, it was difficult to determine its relative contribution to clinical improvement.
A Case Study in the Diplomacy of Social Revolution

American experience with the ill-fated governments of the newer nations—most recently Turkey, South Korea, and Cuba—raises the question whether we can ever select a policy generally suited to the growth of stable, effective government among the developing nations. In all three of the cases mentioned, the United States followed the canons of conventional diplomacy while contributing substantially to monumental economic and social changes. Our commitment meant reliance on and support for the regime in office, although our own actions were gradually creating forces and sentiments favoring radical change in the internal political system. Whenever the pressures for political change were sufficient, adjustments were made with an abruptness that may well have left the United States in a worse position than if we had done little or nothing to assist long-term development.
Recursive form of the eigensystem realization algorithm for system identification

An algorithm is developed for recursively calculating the minimum realization of a linear system from sampled impulse response data. The Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization technique is used to generate an orthonormal basis for factorization of the data matrix. The system matrix thus identified is in upper Hessenberg form, which has advantages for the identification of modal parameters including damping coefficients, frequencies, mode shapes, and modal participation factors. It also has the property that once an element of the system matrix is computed, it is never altered as the dimension of the model is increased in the recursive process. Numerical examples are presented for comparison of the recursive and nonrecursive forms of the eigensystem realization algorithm.
Spectrum Broadening Due to Phase Noise Interaction in Cognitive Radio Systems

Spectrum broadening due to the interaction of local oscillator (LO) phase noise with an adjacent channel signal is analyzed, and applied to the situation where a cognitive radio (CR) detector experiences in-band interference from a strong adjacent channel signal. Expressions for the resulting in-band interference and modified detection performance are presented.
Triggers of Revenge in the Workplace: A Theoretical Framework Illustrated Through Accounts from Avengers

In this paper, I present a theoretical framework specifying how and why certain events trigger revenge motives in organizational settings. Drawing upon the multiple-needs model of justice (Cropanzano, Byrne, Bobocel, & Rupp, 2001) and a model delineating how perceptions of fairness can change (Jones & Skarlicki, in press), I propose that revenge motives are triggered by events that threaten or violate important psychological needs thereby arousing specific justice motives. Through revenge, individuals attempt to repair and address the affected needs and motives. In this paper, theoretical assertions are illustrated through findings from interviews conducted with individuals who engaged in revenge at work. I conclude by discussing the implications of the proposed framework for conflict management.
Constructing the Supercuspidal Representation of GLn(F), F p—ADIC

In this paper I give a description of a construction of the supercuspidal representations of GL n (F). This construction, the result of work done in late 1988 and early 1989, was first given in [6], and the description here follows the same lines.
Studies on the survival of incompatible cells in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia.

1. Four adult patients are described whose sera showed a complete lack of gamma globulin by paper electrophoresis. 2. All four patients might have been considered "universal recipients" because of the absence of isohemagglutinins on routine laboratory tests. 3. Weak isohemagglutinins were detectable in the sera from three of the four subjects when the sensitivity of the in vitro test was increased. 4. Following intravenous administration of 4 ml. of ABO-incompatible cells, red cell survival was shortened in all of the patients, with a wide range of half-survival times from <10 minutes to as long as 9 days. 5. Although in vitro tests for antibody activity revealed no qualitative differences among the sera from the three patients with detectable isohemagglutinins, two different mechanisms of red cell removal were observed, one which entailed nearly equal activity by both liver and spleen, the other being primarily a function of the spleen. 6. The survival of incompatible cells under conditions of antibody "excess" and antibody "insufficiency" was compared in one of the patients. The findings emphasize the sensitivity of in vivo survival studies employing small volumes of incompatible cells to detect minute quantities of circulating antibody. 7. A fall in anti-A titer following the administration of group B cells to one hypogammaglobulinemic subject is interpreted as a possible in vivo example of the absorption of "cross-reacting" antibody in the ABO system. 8. In the light of the in vivo and in vitro findings, none of the 4 hypogammaglobulinemic patients in the present series could be categorized as "universal recipients."
Commentary: Risk taking, impulsivity, and externalizing problems in adolescent development – commentary on Crone et al. 2016

This commentary supports several important themes. These include the value in seeing risk taking as multicomponential (affective vs. deliberative risk taking), the importance of evaluating risk taking in relation to outcome, the necessity of expanding the brain networks studied in relation to risk taking, and the crucial interactions of risk taking with psychosocial context. We argue that more careful distinctions are needed between risk taking and different forms of impulsivity. Clearer differentiation of these constructs and their study together in brain imaging studies will clarify components of adolescent development and risk for externalizing behavior problems.
Double-balloon catheter results in higher rate of vaginal delivery within 24 h when compared with dinoprostone vaginal insert

Commentary on: Cromi A, Ghezzi F, Uccella S, et al. Randomised trial of preinduction cervical ripening: dinoprostone vaginal insert versus double-balloon catheter. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;207:125.e1–7.[OpenUrl][1] Induction of labour is one of the most common obstetric interventions. In 2006, 22.5% of all the births in USA were as a result of labour induction.1 The mechanisms for induction of labour are generally divided into two categories: mechanical (intracervical catheter, laminaria, extra-amniotic saline infusion) and pharmacological (progesterones and oxytocin). Both methods employ prostaglandins (excluding oxytocin) to promote cervical ripening; mechanical methods cause physical dilation of the cervix and increase the release of endogenous prostaglandins while pharmacological methods involve oral or vaginal administration of exogenous prostaglandins. Two of the most common induction methods, misoprostol and the Foley catheter are used ‘off label’. The authors of this study chose to compare the two products specifically designed for cervical ripening during the … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BObstet%2BGynecol%26rft.volume%253D207%26rft.spage%253D125.e1%2B7%26rft.atitle%253DRANDOMISED%2BTRIAL%2BOF%2BPREINDUCTION%2BCERVICAL%2BRIPENING%253A%2BDINOPROSTONE%2BVAGINAL%2BINSERT%2BVERSUS%2BDOUBLE-BALLOON%2BCATHETER.%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
Chemical and Biological Studies on 1,2-Dihydro-s-triazines. IV. Activity in Pteroylglutamic Acid-Streptococcus faecaelis No. 8043 Systems

SummaryA series of 71 1,2-dihydro-s-tri-azines have been studied in Streptococcus faecalis No. 8 043-pteroylglutamic acid assay systems. The active derivatives exhibit noncompetitive inhibition over a wide range of concentrations of PGA and differ from 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid in that inhibition is not relieved by adenine or guanine and is irreversible with pteroylglutamic acid. Differences in microbiological activity could be correlated with certain variations in structure and substitution in the molecule with the series. Maximum activity is obtained with 2,2-dimethyl substitution in the triazine ring together with para-and meta-halogen sub-stituents in the phenyl ring. The inhibitory effect of these compounds on Streptococcus faecalis No. 8043 is reversed by appropriate concentrations of dihydropteroylglutamic acid, N10-formylpteroylglutamic acid, synthetic and natural citrovorum factor and thymine, suggesting that these compounds interfere with the conversion of pteroylglutamic acid to citrovorum fa...
The Impact of Non-Drinking Water Exposures on Drinking Water Standards: A Problem of Acceptable Levels of Risk

Under the Safe drinking Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to establish highly protective drinking water standards for compounds which are likely to contaminant public water supplies. One of the steps in establishing standards for non-carcinogens is to adjust the dose permitted under the standard to allow for non-drinking water exposures. Because of the high levels of non-drinking water exposure, EPA’s policy could, if rigorously applied, force the agency into establishing zero concentration drinking water standards for many non-carcinogens. The basic reason for the dilemma is the agency’s failure to recognize that non-drinking water exposures need not meet the stringent level of acceptable risk under which drinking water standards are established. Similar problems occur in the standards setting procedures used in actions proposed under the Resource Conservation and Reclamation Act (RCRA) and the Clean Water Act (CWA).
Status and Suggestions of Green Agriculture Development from Perspective of Industrial Chain in China

As a new model of modern agricultural development,China green agriculture is in the initial stage.Under the guidance of industrial chain,governments,enterprises,farmers' cooperative organizations,farmers and consumers are the main participants of green agriculture chain.All participants need cooperate with each other to develop green agriculture.From the perspective of industry chain,this article discussed about the current development status,problems of green agriculture in China,and raised the relative policy support suggestions to improve green agriculture development.
On establishing the mechanism of outburst emergency for public health event in Zhejiang province

Objective To explore the mechanism construct of outburst emergency for public health event.Material From the working practice of Zhejiang center for disease control and prevention.Result and discussion We need to build a perfect management system for outburst public health event,to build a perfect reporting system of outburst emergency of public health on the internet,to enhance basic system of center for disease control and prevention,to enhance the station training,surveillance and investigation,to think much of information exchange.Conclusion We still need to enhance the establishment of mechanism of outburst emergency for public health event.
Pay More Attention to Raw Materials Research & Base Establishment to Ensure the Quality of Yellow Rice Wine

Shaoxing yellow rice wine is famous around the world for its excellent quality and its special styles. In recent years, yellow rice wine industry has achieved rapid development. In order to ensure the quality and the safety of Shaoxing yellow rice wine, we must strengthen the research on the association of glutinous rice quality and product wine quality and the research on the detection of residual pesticide adjuvants in glutinous rice. Besides, we should establish raw materials base for proper quality control from the source. (Tran. by YUE Yang)
We Are All Children of Babel

Now the whole earth had one language and few words. And as men migrated from the east, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. And they said to one another, “Come, let us make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for mortar. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in the heavens, and let us make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.” And the Lord came down to see the city and the tower, which the sons of men had built. And the Lord said, “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language; and this is only the beginning of what they will do; and nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.” So the Lord scattered them abroad from there over the face of all the earth, and they left off building the city. Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them abroad over the face of all the earth. (Genesis 11:1–9)
Magic at Court and on the Piazza

As the three previous chapters show, oral performances in the medieval period were infinite in their variety. Some were spontaneous, the outbursts of court jesters or village fools, or the witticisms of clever individuals. Others were prepared. The preacher had studied the sermon tale he told to small or medium-sized crowds outdoors or to larger audiences in church; the minstrel had closely read the courtly epic that he sang or chanted for a courtly household and its servants, and he might check it against a prompt sheet in the course of his performance if he needed reminders. Coarse and bawdy fabliaux might be told with snickers and winks to guffawing listeners of either high or low status, or both together. All of these performance occasions were court-, church-, or household-related, that is, they took place among people who gathered together because they governed or served at court, or were addressed by the church and its functionaries, or were sharing the same roof, either briefly or for the long term. Among all of the storytelling venues that existed in the medieval period, court, church, and household venues predominated into the high Middle Ages, that is, until around 1250–1300.
STEM Is Elementary: Challenges Faced by Elementary Teachers in the Era of the Next Generation Science Standards

AbstractFor students to achieve the goals of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) by Grade 12, thinking and acting like scientists and engineers must begin in the elementary grades. However, elementary teachers may find this challenging -because language arts and mathematics still dominate many classrooms—often at the expense of science. This essay examines the science skills elementary students are expected to learn and how teachers and administrators can approach the increased demands of NGSS.
Strategies for identifying exact structure of neural circuits with broad light microscopy connectivity probes

Dissecting the structure of neural circuits in the brain is one of the central problems of neuroscience. Until present day, the only way to obtain complete and detailed reconstructions of neural circuits was thought to be the serial section Electron Microscopy, which could take decades to complete a small circuit. In this paper, we develop a mathematical framework that allows performing such reconstructions much faster and cheaper with existing light microscopy and genetic tools. In this framework, a collection of genetically targeted light probes of connectivity is prepared from different animals and then used to systematically deduce the circuit's connectivity. Each measurement is represented as mathematical constraint on the circuit architecture. Such constraints are then computationally combined to identify the detailed connectivity matrix for the probed circuit. Connectivity here is understood broadly, such as that between different identifiable neurons or identifiable classes of neurons, etc. This paradigm may be applied with connectivity probes such as ChR2-assisted circuit mapping, GRASP or transsynaptic viruses, and genetic targeting techniques such as Brainbow, MARCM/MADM or UAS/Gal4, in model organisms such as C. Elegans, Drosophila, zerbafish, mouse, etc. In particular, we demonstrate how, by using this paradigm, the wiring diagram between all neurons in C. Elegans may be reconstructed with GRASP and Brainbow and off-the-shelf light microscopy tools in the time span of one week or less. Described approach allows recovering exact connectivity matrix even if neurons may not be targeted individually in ~Np*log(N) time (Np is the number of nonzero entries and N is the size of the connectivity matrix). For comparison, the minimal time that would be necessary to determine connectivity matrix directly by probing connections between individual neurons when one knows a-priory which pairs should be tested, e.g. with whole-cell patches, is ~Np.
Tubular microdiscectomy: techniques, complication avoidance, and review of the literature

OBJECTIVE Microendoscopic discectomy is a minimally invasive surgery technique that was initially described in 1997. It allows surgeons to work with 2 hands through a small-diameter, operating table-mounted tubular retractor, and to apply standard microsurgical techniques in which a small skin incision and minimal muscle dissection are used. Whether the surgeon chooses to use an endoscope or a microscope for visualization, the technique uses the same type of retractor and is thus called tubular microdiscectomy. The goal in this study was to review the current literature, examine the level of evidence supporting tubular microdiscectomy, and describe surgical techniques for complication avoidance. METHODS The authors performed a systematic PubMed review using the terms "microdiscectomy trial," "tubular and open microdiscectomy," "microendoscopic open discectomy," and "minimally invasive open microdiscectomy OR microdiskectomy." Of 317 references, 10 manuscripts were included for analysis based on study design, relevance, and appropriate comparison of open to tubular discectomy. RESULTS Similar and very favorable clinical outcomes can be expected from tubular and standard microdiscectomy. Studies have demonstrated equivalent operating times for both procedures, with lower blood loss and shorter hospital stays associated with tubular microdiscectomy. Furthermore, postoperative analgesic usage has been shown to be significantly lower after tubular microdiscectomy. Overall rates of complications are no different for tubular and standard microdiscectomy. CONCLUSIONS Prospective randomized trials have been used to evaluate outcomes of common minimally invasive lumbar spine procedures. For lumbar discectomy, Level I evidence supports equivalently good outcomes for tubular microdiscectomy compared with standard microdiscectomy. Likewise, Level I data indicate similar safety profiles and may indicate lower blood loss for tubular microdiscectomy. Future studies should examine the comparative value of these procedures.
A Framework for Latino Nursing Leadership

There is an urgent need for Latino leaders in nursing, yet little has been written about Latino leaders and leadership. Leadership comes with challenges and opportunities in particular for Latino nurses who contend with specific cultural imperatives and obstacles. In this article, I review the current healthcare environment and propose a framework for Latino nursing leadership within the context of current challenges and opportunities and my personal experience in nursing. This framework is meant to serve as a guide for the development of Latino nurses who will improve the health and well-being of those in the most vulnerable communities by utilizing their cultural strengths and professional skills to deliver quality and compassionate care.
Reaping Wnt after calming Hippo: Wnt and Hippo signaling cross paths in lung cancer.

It has become clear in recent years that many signaling pathways influence each other and work cooperatively to regulate biological processes, such as the generation of complex multicellular tissues, organs, and organisms. These complex interactions are the subject of systems biology, a young and still poorly established approach in defining the complexities of life and the intricate interactions of major signaling pathways (1).
Performance of Legend Lespedeza in Mid-Missouri

Abstract Lespedeza (Kummerowia striata) is a unique annual legume grown for pasture, hay and soil improvement due to its qualities as drought resistant, acid tolerant, non-bloating when fed to livestock, tolerant of low soil fertility and its adaptation as a warm-season plant. The objective of this study was to compare the field performance of ‘Legend’ lespedeza a new cultivar with other common cultivars in mid-Missouri. A three year seeding study was conducted near Warrensburg on a Macksburg silt loam soil. Soil phosphorous was amended to levels recommended for optimum lespedeza production in mid Missouri. ‘Korean’ and ‘Summit’ (both kummerowia stipulacea) ‘Kobe’ and ‘Marion’ were compared with Legend. Cultivars (all Kummerowia striata) were randomly assigned each year to five plots and replicated four times in a randomized block design. All plots were seeded using a Great Plains five foot grass seeder at recommended rate of 20 pounds/acre. Yields ranged from 0.68 tons/acre to 2.56 tons/acre during the t...
Predictors of outcomes in managing breast abscesses-A large retrospective single-center analysis.

We have retrospectively examined a wide range of clinical characteristics, sonographic features, microbiology, and antibiotic regimens in patients with breast abscesses to seek predictive features related to outcome. Because consensus for optimal treatment of breast abscesses has moved toward minimally invasive management using single or repeated needle aspiration (ASP) coupled with adjuvant antibiotics, we assessed whether any factors correlate with the need for repeat procedures by analyzing the number of ASPs and/or surgical incision and drainage (I&D) per abscess. We examined 127 abscesses in 114 patients from a single urban public hospital, and among clinical characteristics, we found that only smoking history (P = .021) and the presence of nipple rings (P = .005) were associated with greater likelihood of necessitating repeat for abscess resolution procedures. Neither diabetes, lactational status, and HIV nor ultrasound features imaging of an abscess including size >3 cm, multiloculation, rind thickness, or central vs peripheral location were correlated with the need for a repeat procedure. Likewise, no specific micro-organisms predicted a greater likelihood of requiring repeat procedures, and no specific initial antibiotic regimen (gram-positive and/or gram-negative or multiresistance coverage) impacted clinical outcomes. Our data indicate that no specific imaging abscess characteristics, type of micro-organism, or initial choice of antibiotics affect outcomes, and therefore, these features should not preclude attempts at conventional therapy by repeated aspiration and antibiotic treatment. While a smoking history and presence of a nipple ring may increase the risk of a prolonged course, the decision to change antibiotics or repeat aspiration should rely instead on clinical evaluation and judgment by experienced physicians.
Editorial Commentary: How Can I Tenodese the Biceps Tendon of the Shoulder? Let Me Count the Ways.

Abstract The debate regarding the management of long head of the biceps tendon pathology continues to evolve. Previous literature has compared tenotomy and tenodesis, tenodesis above or below the pectoralis major tendon, tenodesis to bony or soft tissue sites, and a host of fixation methods. Recent research compares biomechanical fixation between an all-suture anchor and interference screw for arthroscopic tenodesis. Although the methods have similar biomechanical properties, time-zero cadaveric data has inherent limitations, and importantly, there is a substantial cost differential between these and other implants that surgeons should also consider when choosing a tenodesis method.
“Getting the Most Money Possible:” Women’s Responses to the Implementation of Maternity Laws, 1916–1930

This chapter demonstrates the broad effects of social policy at the local and individual level and shows how women’s responses to these effects often led to revisions in welfare policy development and implementation. Of particular focus is the laws’ encouragement of the institutionalization of birth in Norway. This legislative outcome caused feminists to start a maternity home movement to fill the need the laws created. As the women most directly affected by maternity legislation, midwives and working women negotiated the impacts the laws had on their lives in an effort to gain as much as possible professionally and personally without suffering too many consequences. The chapter examines these varied reactions to maternity legislation and contextualizes them within the history of women’s responses to welfare legislation across Europe.
Contact Hypersensitivity Models in Mice

The contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction is commonly utilized to study cell-mediated host immune responses to epicutaneously applied allergens. This reaction is divided into two distinct phases, the afferent phase and the efferent phase. During the afferent phase of this model, mice are exposed to a contact allergen, which is typically a hapten that is applied to a location distal to the site of elicitation. Following a brief intermission, mice are reexposed to the contact allergen during the elicitation phase at a site proximal to the location of sensitization. In mice, the pinna of the ear is typically utilized to evaluate the elicitation phase. While the CHS reaction is typically utilized to study Th1-mediated immune responses, it is now evident that Th2 and Th17 cells also contribute during the elicitation phase of the model. Likewise, in humans, elevated immune responses to contact allergens are associated with a variety of atopic diseases. Here, we describe a common protocol for the induction and assessment of the CHS reaction in mice.
Assorted Miscellany: Dispersion, Fabrication, and Reliability

In the previous chapters, we have worked from the theory of lasers to the theory of semiconductor lasers, to more details about waveguides, high-speed performance, and single mode devices. In the process of covering these topics in a systematic way, we have ended up with a complete but basic description of a laser and understanding of its operation.
Oxidation of ryanodine receptor after ischemia-reperfusion increases propensity of Ca2+ waves during β-adrenergic receptor stimulation.

Oxidative stress induced by ischemia plays a critical role in triggering arrhythmias during adrenergic stimulation. The combined increase in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak (because of ryanodine r...
Performance Benefits of High-Fidelity Passive Haptic Feedback in Virtual Reality Training

This work investigated how a tracked, real golf club, used for high-fidelity passive haptic feedback in virtual reality, affected performance relative to using tracked controllers for a golf putting task. The primary hypothesis evaluated in this work was that overall accuracy would be improved through various inertial advantages in swinging a real club as well as additional alignment and comfort advantages from placing the putter on the floor. We also expected higher user preference for the technique and correlation with putting performance in the real environment. To evaluate these prospective advantages, a user study with a cross-over design was conducted with 20 participants from the local population. Results confirmed performance advantages as well as preference for the tracked golf club over the controller, but we were not able to confirm a correlation with real-world putting. Future work will investigate means to strengthen this aspect, while evaluating new research opportunities presented by study findings.
Neuromuscular transmission defects in myopathies: Rare but worth searching for.

Introduction Decremental responses in repetitive nerve stimulation have been reported in a few hereditary myopathies. We examined the frequency of decrement in a cohort of myopathy patients. Methods We reviewed all patients referred for myopathy who underwent repetitive nerve stimulation between January 2007 and May 2017. We included patients with decrement (>10%) and either a pathological or molecular diagnosis of myopathy. Results Among 157 patients with myopathies, 4 patients had decrement (2 hydroxychloroquine-associated vacuolar myopathy, 1 centronuclear myopathy, and 1 distal myopathy). One hydroxychloroquine-associated vacuolar myopathy patient also had inflammatory myopathy. Pyridostigmine improved weakness in the centronuclear myopathy patient, but not in the distal myopathy patient. No patient with an acquired myopathy received pyridostigmine. Conclusions Despite the rare occurrence of decrement in myopathy, its presence may urge consideration of pharmacological intervention. Muscle Nerve 59:475-478, 2019.
A Monte Carlo model of irradiation-induced recrystallization in polycrystalline UMo fuels

Abstract Experiments show that irradiation-induced recrystallization speeds up the swelling kinetics in U-10 wt% Mo fuels. However, recrystallization mechanisms and the effect of initial grain microstructures on recrystallization kinetics are still unclear. In this work a Monte Carlo model coupling the rate theory of defect evolution has been developed to study the irradiation-induced recrystallization. The rate theory is used to describe the spatial evolution of gas bubbles, interstitials and interstitial loops; First-Passage Kinetic Monte Carlo (FPKMC) approach is used to describe the fast and strongly anisotropic migration of interstitials, and a Cellular Automata method is used to model the formation of recrystallized grains. With the assumption that recrystallization may occur when the local interstitial loop density is larger than a given critical value, simulation results reveal that 1) recrystallized grains first nucleate on grain boundaries and the recrystallization zone front moves to the center of original coarse grains in the UMo matrix, and 2) recrystallization starts earlier in coarse polycrystalline structures, while the overall recrystallization kinetics decreases with increasing grain size. These results agree with experimental observations. The comparison of recrystallization kinetics obtained from experiments and modeling suggests that the interstitial loop accumulation leads to the recrystallization and the interstitial loop growth is suppressed inside coarse grains due to the over-pressured intra-granular gas bubbles.
Translational control of antibiotic resistance

Many antibiotics available in the clinic today directly inhibit bacterial translation. Despite the past success of such drugs, their efficacy is diminishing with the spread of antibiotic resistance. Through the use of ribosomal modifications, ribosomal protection proteins, translation elongation factors and mistranslation, many pathogens are able to establish resistance to common therapeutics. However, current efforts in drug discovery are focused on overcoming these obstacles through the modification or discovery of new treatment options. Here, we provide an overview for common mechanisms of resistance to translation-targeting drugs and summarize several important breakthroughs in recent drug development.
Risk of bronchospasm and coronary arteriospasm with sugammadex use: a post marketing analysis:

Introduction:Sugammadex is used for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade caused by rocuronium bromide and vecuronium bromide. As part of the post licensing phase of drug development, adverse even...
Real-Time Digital Equalization to Enhance Element-Level Digital Beamforming

As the prevalence of digital control at the subarray and element levels increases, radars can leverage techniques such as adaptive digital beamforming (ADBF) to improve data quality at the cost of some computation. For these ADBF algorithms to be effective, precise steering is needed, which itself requires that the channels be well matched. While calibration can be used to improve channel matching, the temperature dependence of the frequency responses of some components means that, even with calibration, the channel mismatch may be higher than desired. Digital equalization was employed on real data suffering from channel mismatch and was able to greatly improve the quality of the channel matching, yielding more accurate beamforming, higher effective bandwidth, and thus higher quality results.
A Comparison of Peer Rating Behavior Between Students in Hard vs. Soft Disciplines

This Work in Progress research focuses on the peer ratings behavior of students in liberal arts and business, versus engineering or the sciences and is relevant wherever teams are used as part of the pedagogy, We examine whether there are differences in patterns of peer rating behavior due to differences in their particular learning experiences and learning style preferences, as measured by their patterns in evaluations in peer ratings surveys. Our hypothesis is that engineering students (“hard discipline students”) will have significant differences in the patterns of peer evaluation scores as opposed to liberal arts or business students (“soft discipline students”). This analysis will use convergence in self and peer ratings, dispersion in ratings across peer evaluation dimensions, and the variances examined in the Social Relations Model as statistical analysis methods.The goals of this research are to discover if peer ratings patterns are significantly influenced by learning styles or learning preferences. And, if peer ratings behavior is influenced by learning styles or preferences then we plan to aid instructors in managing learning for doing/receiving peer ratings and improving teamwork behavior for students taking their courses based on their students’ differences in learning styles/preferences. Our preliminary findings confirm our hypothesis that such peer ratings behavior differences exist.
Analysis of higher order thinking skills of SMP students in completing the problem of the numbers through the application of problem based learning

The large number of student complaints in completing the Computer-Based National Exams in 2018 became the beginning of the emergence of new problems in the application of the curriculum 2013. One of the reasons is that students have not used to solve higher order thinking skills. The teacher is also not accustomed to giving these types of questions in classroom learning. Therefore, this study aims to describe the higher order students' thinking skills to solve the Number Pattern problem after the application of problem based learning. Problem based learning with stages: student orientation to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding individual/group investigations, developing and presenting work, analyzing and evaluating problem solving processes. The research method used is descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were students of class VIII-1 of SMP Negeri 4 Binjai, totaling 30 people. The data collection technique used is a description test consisting of 5 questions covering the levels of analyzing, evaluating and creating. Based on data analysis, it is known that the higher order thinking skills of students in solving problems with Number Patterns after the implementation of problem based learning are in the good category.
Consumers vs. citizens in democracy's public sphere

Attempting to balance the challenging trade-offs between individual rights and our obligations to one another.
Aggregated nanoparticles: Sample preparation and analysis by atom probe tomography

Abstract Atom probe tomography (APT) allows measurement of the three-dimensional structure and composition of materials, but specific sample preparation procedures are required for challenging materials such as aggregates of nanoparticles. Indeed, the presence of porosity within the specimen affects both the stability of the sample and the accuracy of the data. Here, aggregates of nanoparticles were transferred onto a micromanipulator tip and embedded via electron-beam-assisted deposition of Pt. Successive FIB-millings and Pt-depositions are needed to create suitable APT tips. The 3D reconstruction reveals the presence of 15–20 nm nanoparticles, and mass-spectral analysis shows the absence of trace elements within the catalyst, thus serving as quality control for the synthesis of nanoparticles with specific compositions.
Analytical prediction of seismicity rate due to tides and other oscillating stresses

Oscillatory stresses are ubiquitous on earth and other solid-surface bodies. Tides and seasonal signals perpetually stress faults in the crust. Relating seismicity to these stresses offers fundamental insight into earthquake triggering. We present a simple model that describes seismicity rate due to perpetual oscillatory stresses. The model applies to large amplitude, non-harmonic, and quasi-periodic stressing. However, it is not valid for periods larger than the characteristic time $t_a$. We show that seismicity rate from short-period stressing scales with the stress amplitude, but for long-periods with the stressing rate. Further, that background seismicity rate $r$ is equal to the average seismicity rate during short-period stressing. We suggest $A\sigma_0$ may be underestimated if stresses are approximated by a single harmonic function. We revisit Manga et al. (2019), which analyzed the tidal triggering of Marsquakes, and provide a re-scaling of their seismicity rate response that offers a self-consistent comparison of different hydraulic conditions.
How to read a fetal magnetic resonance image 101

Accurate antenatal diagnosis is essential for planning appropriate pregnancy management and improving perinatal outcomes. The provision of information vital for prognostication is a crucial component of prenatal imaging, and this can be enhanced by the use of fetal MRI. Image acquisition, interpretation and reporting of a fetal MR study can be daunting to the individual who has encountered few or none of these examinations. This article provides the radiology trainee with a general approach to interpreting a fetal MRI. The authors review the added value of prenatal MRI in the overall assessment of fetal wellbeing, discuss MRI protocols and techniques, and review the normal appearance of maternal and fetal anatomy. The paper concludes with a sample template for structured reporting, to serve as a checklist and guideline for reporting radiologists.
Notes on Bonds: Illiquidity Feedback During the Financial Crisis

We trace the evolution of extreme illiquidity discounts among Treasury securities during the financial crisis, when bond prices fell more than 6% below more liquid but otherwise identical notes. Using high-resolution data on market quality and trader identities and characteristics, we find that the discounts amplify through feedback loops, where cheaper, less-liquid securities flow to longer-horizon investors, thereby increasing their illiquidity and thus their appeal to these investors. The effect of the widened liquidity gap on transactions costs is further amplified by a surge in the price liquidity providers charge for access to their balance sheets in the crisis. Received September 28, 2016; editorial decision January 2, 2018 by Editor Philip Strahan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Damage detection technique using ultrasonic guided waves and outlier detection: Application to interface delamination diagnosis of integrated circuit package

Abstract This paper presents the development of a robust data-driven damage diagnosis technique to accurately detect sealant delamination in an integrated circuit (IC) package. A sealant is used to bond the integrated heat spreader (IHS) to the substrate of IC packages for effective thermal dissipation. Delamination of the sealant causes significant reduction in heat management capability of the package, which leads to degradation of processor performance and component reliability. In this work, non-destructive evaluation (NDE) using ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) is performed to interrogate the integrity of the IC package. The advantage of using UGW is its large area inspection capability and small defect detection sensitivity. Ultrasonic tests using a pitch-catch active sensing method with removable piezoelectric (PZT) tranducers are performed with a wide range of excitation frequencies to classify various delamination scenarios in the IC package. Data preprocessing and Hilbert transform-based feature extraction method are also performed on the collected UGWs to extract dominant UGW features. Pattern analysis using a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm is conducted on the UGW feature space to classify the damage indicators. These damage indicators (outliers) are then used to identify the IC packages with sealant delamination. The proposed technique is validated by comparing it to dye-and-pry tests, delamination metrics, and detection method using a multivariate Gaussian model. The results demonstrate that the proposed diagnosis technique has the potential to be a part of the industrial quality assurance process for IC packages for its capability to detect manufacturing defects with high accuracy.
Experiments in measuring dynamic hydrostatic constitutive properties of soft materials

Abstract An experimental investigation is conducted to develop, analytically model, and test a novel facility to obtain the dynamic hydrostatic constitutive properties and behavior of soft materials. The novel facility is an underwater shock tube consisting of two aluminum sections and an optically-clear acrylic section in between, all filled with water. A striker-piston configuration is used to provide an axial shock loading to one end of the assembly. Dynamic pressure sensors provide pressure data along the entire length of the assembly, including at the specimen location in the acrylic section. 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) is used in conjunction with high-speed photography to provide full-field deformation data of the specimen to obtain volumetric strain. The mismatch in acoustic impedance between the aluminum and the acrylic sections causes a reduction in the amplitude of the pressure pulse by 33%. The pressure pulse also undergoes appreciable dispersion in the acrylic section. Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) models are considered and applied to understand the dispersion characteristics of the axially propagating pressure pulse. The dynamic hydrostatic constitutive response of closed-cell polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam is obtained at a volumetric strain rate of 100s−1. The bulk modulus at this strain rate for H130 PVC foam is measured to be 106.97 ± 3.11MPa. This is more than double that of the quasi-static (0.001s−1) value of 46.71 ± 1.91MPa, indicating a strong effect of strain rate on the material's response. The buckling pressure is also found to be strain rate dependent, with the dynamic buckling occurring at 3.09 ± 0.12MPa and quasi-static buckling occurring at 1.39 ± 0.17MPa.
Predictive Factors for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Following Primary Cleft Palate Repair.

OBJECTIVE Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) remains a known complication of primary palatoplasty. We sought to identify factors associated with the incidence of VPI and create a predictive model for VPI development in our population. DESIGN A single-institution, retrospective review. SETTING Multidisciplinary clinic in a tertiary academic institution. PATIENTS A total of 453 consecutive patients undergoing primary palatoplasty from 1999 to 2016 were reviewed. Inclusion required follow-up past age 5. Patients who were non-verbal, and thus unable to undergo speech evaluation, were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was VPI, defined as revision palatoplasty or recommendation by speech-language pathology. RESULTS Of 318 patients included, 179 (56%) were male. Median age at primary repair was 1.0 years (0.9-1.1) with a median age of 8.8 years at last follow-up. One hundred nineteen (37%) patients developed VPI at a median age of 5.0 years (3.8-6.5). Higher rates were seen with posterior fistula (65% vs 14%, P <.01) and straight-line repair (41% vs 9%, P <.01), with lower rates in patients with Veau I clefts (22% vs 39%, P <.05). Patients with VPI were older at last follow-up. Following multivariate regression, factors remaining significant were posterior fistula (odds ratio [OR]: 11.3, 95% CI: 6.1-22.0), primary Furlow repair (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.03-0.68), genetic diagnoses (OR: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.1-7.9), and age at last follow-up (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.01-1.2). CONCLUSIONS Length of follow-up, posterior fistulae, and genetic diagnoses are associated with VPI formation. Furlow repair may protect against formation of VPI. Use of allograft, Veau class, birth type, birth weight, and race are not independently associated with VPI formation.
Choice architecture for young adult blood donor recruitment - a feasibility study.

Blood shortages remain an ongoing challenge, ameliorable by increasing blood donations. Choice architecture is an emerging concept in psychology dealing with the targeted presentation of options to encourage a desired decision. A pilot study was designed to test the feasibility of implementing six choice architecture strategies on a Midwest high-school blood drive. These include framing, conformity, mere measurement, availability heuristic, loss aversion and status quo bias. A pre-post interrupted time-series evaluation was performed to evaluate for an immediate impact on blood donations. All six of the intended choice architecture strategies were successfully implemented. The pre-intervention 5-year average number of blood donations per blood drive was 15 (4.3% of age eligible donors) whereas post intervention, the number of blood donors rose to 25 (7.1% of age eligible donors; p-value = .0013). The application of choice architecture to blood donor recruitment strategies is feasible and has the potential to reduce the burden of blood shortages.