cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complication rates and outcomes after outpatient shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Background As the number of total shoulder arthroplasties (TSAs) performed annually increases, some surgeons have begun to shift toward performing TSAs in the outpatient setting. However, it is imperative to establish the safety of outpatient TSA. The purpose of this systematic review was to define complication, readmission, and reoperation rates and patient-reported outcomes after outpatient TSA. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using three databases (PubMed, Ovid, and Embase). English-language publications describing results on complication rates in patients who underwent TSA in an outpatient or ambulatory setting were included. All nonclinical and deidentified database studies were excluded. Bias assessment was conducted with the methodologic index for nonrandomized studies criteria. Results Seven studies describing outcomes in outpatient TSA were identified for inclusion. The included studies used varying criteria for selecting patients for an outpatient procedure. The total outpatient 90-day complication rate (commonly including hematomas, wound issues, and nerve palsies) ranged from 7.1%-11.5%. Readmission rates ranged from 0%-3.7%, and emergency and urgent care visits ranged from 2.4%-16.1%. Patient-reported outcomes improved significantly after outpatient TSA in all studies. Two studies found a higher complication rate in the comparative inpatient cohort (P = .023-.027). Methodologic index for nonrandomized studies scores ranged from 9 to 11 (of 16) for noncomparative studies (n = 3), while all comparative studies received a score of a 16 (of 24). Conclusion Outpatient TSA in properly selected patients results in a similar complication rate to inpatient TSA. Further studies are needed to aid in determining proper risk stratification to direct patients to inpatient or outpatient shoulder arthroplasty.
Beware the circular saw.

While a young right-hand dominant man was working on a job site with power tools, a circular saw cut his left distal volar forearm. A pressure dressing was applied, and he was transported to the trauma center. The patient reported a significant amount of blood loss at the scene. The patient was awake and alert, and his primary survey was intact. On exposure, he had a transverse laceration to his distal left volar forearm that extended from the radial to ulnar side (figure 1). No bleeding was seen at the site of injury, but pulses were absent. Pulse oximetry of the fingers was decreased on the left (92%), as compared with the right hand (100%). Figure 1 Appearance of injury to the volar left forearm. What would be your next step in management? 1. Explore wound at bedside. 2. Close skin and follow-up as outpatient. 3. CT arteriogram left upper extremity. 4. Explore wound in the operating room. The patient was taken to the operating room without further diagnostic imaging. Based on the extent and location of the injury, as well as the findings on physical examination, the patient was presumed to have at least one, and, possibly, two arterial injuries at the wrist (radial and ulnar arteries). The entire left upper extremity and both lower extremities were prepared and draped in a sterile fashion. The incision was extended proximally and distally, along a standard volar forearm ‘S’ incision for full exploration. The radial …
Disrupting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology: Social-Environmental and Trauma-Informed Approaches to Disciplinary Transformation

This article is the second in a two-part series that analyzes current research on harassment in archaeology. Both qualitative and quantitative studies, along with activist narratives and survivor testimonials, have established that harassment is occurring in archaeology at epidemic rates. These studies have also identified key patterns in harassment in archaeology that point to potential interventions that may prevent harassment, support survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable. This article reviews five key obstacles to change in the disciplinary culture of archaeology: normalization, exclusionary practices, fraternization, gatekeeping, and obstacles to reporting. Two public health paradigms—the social-environmental model and trauma-informed approaches—are used to identify interventions that can be taken at all levels of archaeological practice: individual, relational, organizational, community, and societal.
Non-infectious complications of peripheral venous catheters are common.

Commentary on: Marsh N, Webster J, Ullman AJ, et al . Peripheral intravenous catheter non-infectious complications in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020 Dec;76(12):3346–3362. DOI: 10.1111/jan.14565 Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) are the most commonly used vascular access devices among hospitalised patients, but little is known about the impact of non-infectious complications associated with them. Current guidelines from multiple nations, including England and USA, focus primarily on infection prevention.1 These guidelines lacked a concerted effort to recognise and address non-infectious complications. Failure of PIVCs lead to extra burden on healthcare resources, delay in treatments and increased the need for central line catheters.2 …
Development of a Rotating Ferromagnetic Resonance Eddy Current Probe for Inspecting Small Radius Curved Surfaces on Gas Turbine Engine Components

The Retirement-for-Cause (RFC) program has a target flaw size of 0.25 mm long × 0.13 mm wide that must be reliably detected in complex geometries such as the key slot in the jet engine interstage seal shown in Figure 1. A rotating eddy current probe has been developed in an ongoing exploratory development program for advanced NDE methods, which is based on a YIG (Yttrium Iron Garnet) ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) probe. This rotating probe is designed to inspect the small radius (1.8 mm) corners of the key slot. The FMR probe is utilized in an active mode in which it operates as the resonant element in an oscillator circuit (active FMR probe) at frequencies in the order of 800 MHz. A laboratory breadboard signal processor system has been fabricated which converts the active FMR probe output into voltage levels corresponding to it’s frequency and amplitude. It has been demonstrated in previous work2 that flaw and liftoff information can be generated with phase separation from the frequency and amplitude of an active FMR probe. The data presented in this paper, however, is processed only from the amplitude signal. Due to the physical restrictions put on the fabrication of the small radius active FMR probe, we were unable to achieve flaw/liftoff separation by mixing the frequency and amplitude signals as in our previous work. However, we feel that flaw/liftoff separation from the physically small probes is possible with some redesign in the oscillator circuit.
Between Jim Crow and the Swastika

This article employs a comparative and interdisciplinary approach that brings together Holocaust studies and Black Church studies in order tomakes a twofold argument about Holocaust memory in a global era. This work is achieved by engaging in an examination regarding the reflections of African Americans in the face of Nazi atrocities towards the Jews. Through their confrontation of Nazism and the Holocaust, African American religio-cultural interpretations of the events surrounding the Shoah enabled the articulation of parallel histories of victimization and liberation associated with the White supremacist terror in the American South. This liberationist work was undertaken even as the Nazis’ systematic persecution and murder of millions of people was being construed as “unique” among historic genocides and other human-perpetrated horrors.
Abnormal Transcallosal Motor Projections in Cervical Dystonia: An fMRI and Tractographic Analysis (S57.001)

Objective: To understand the role of transcallosal projections in the cortical hyperactivity seen in cervical dystonia. Background: Cervical dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by unwanted dynamic twisting or abnormal fixed positions of the neck. The majority of cases remain idiopathic, and even in those cases associated with known gene mutations, the pathogenesis is uncertain. Functional abnormalities in dystonia include an overabundance of muscle activity in response to motor tasks. Transcallosal projections from premotor and primary motor cortical areas to their contralateral corresponding (and other) areas regulate contralateral motor cortical function. It is unknown if any of these contralateral projections are abnormal in dystonia, and if so, how putative abnormalities might explain cortical hyperactivation with motor tasks. Prior transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have described abnormalities in transcallosal spread of activation in dystonia. We hypothesized that patients with cervical dystonia have deficient transcallosal projections and resulting inadequate inhibitory modulation of contralateral cortical motor regions. Methods: Seventeen DYT-1 negative patients with cervical dystonia and matched controls were characterized by diffusion tensor imaging and functional MRI (fMRI), just prior to therapeutic injection of botulinum toxin. fMRI signal at rest and during finger tapping was collected for independent left and right hands. Probabalistic diffusion-based tractography was conducted, pairing premotor, primary motor, primary somatosensory, and sensory association cortices with a restrictive midline mask of the corpus callosum. Tractography was compared between patients and controls for each cortical-callosal pairing. Results: Patients with cervical dystonia had robust decreases in probabilistic connectivity in premotor > primary motor > primary sensory = sensory association cortices. This correlates with the degree of functional activation seen in each cortical region with ipsilateral finger tapping, suggesting that impaired or deficient transcallosal inhibitory projections may, in part, underlie the motor cortical hyperactivity in cervical dystonia. Conclusions: Our study suggests a mechanism underlying the most common adult-onset form of dystonia, and may offer a new avenue for disease treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Waugh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kuster has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levenstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sandra has nothing to disclose. Dr. Multhaupt-Buell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nikos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sudarsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Breiter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has received personal compensation for activities with Merz Pharma and Allergan, Inc. Dr. Blood has nothing to disclose.
Amino Acid Sequences Around the Two ε-N-Trimethyllysine Residues in Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Myosin

Two nonidentical peptides that contain e-N-trimethyllysine (Me3Lys) were isolated from digests of subfragment-1 of white skeletal muscle myosin from rabbit. One, a tryptic peptide, has the sequence: Ala-Thr-Asp-Thr-Ser-Asn-Phe-Me3Lys-Lys-Lys; the other, a tryptic and thermolytic peptide is: Tyr-Me3Lys. Both Me3Lys peptides contain fully trimethylated residues with no evidence of heterogeneity with respect to degree of methylation. It can be concluded that the 2 moles of Me3Lys per mole of subfragment-1 represent fully methylated residues in the heavy chain of myosin. It was suggested by DeLange et al. (D e L ange , R. J., G lazer , A. N., and S mith , E. L. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 1385) that a cluster of lysines is likely to be part of the recognition site for lysine methylation. The Me3Lys-I peptide sequence is consistent with this hypothesis.
Nonurgent Emergency Department Visits by Insured and Uninsured Adults

Objective To compare nonurgent emergency department (ED) visits by insured and uninsured adults in a Midwest community. Design and Sample Records for this secondary data analysis included 84,877 nonurgent visits to a Midwest ED from September 2004 to January 2012. Insured versus uninsured visits were analyzed using t tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Standardized residuals were compared to determine if changes over time were statistically significant. Measures Variables included demographic characteristics of patients, payment source, patients' access to primary care, acuity rating, time of visit, and the stated reason for the visit. Results Of all nonurgent visits, 77.9% were made by insured adults. Insured nonurgent visits were more often made by adults who were female, older, White, and had a primary care provider (PCP). Nonurgent visits on weekdays between the hours of 09:00 and 18:00 were more likely to be uninsured visits. Dental issues were the fourth most common issue for uninsured visits. Conclusions Nonurgent ED visits occur when more appropriate options for prompt care are available in the community. Interventions should target both patients and PCPs. While patients should contact their PCP when in need of prompt care, PCPs should refer patients to facilities other than the ED when medically appropriate.
Rapid column chromatography of purine and pyrimidine bases on 'Ectaola' cellulose at room temperature and elevated pressure.

Pressure gradient elution technique for rapid and quantitative chromatographic separation of purine and pyrimidine bases
On the Correct Use of the Wet Adiabatic Lapse Rate in Stability Criteria of a Saturated Atmosphere

Abstract A rigorous stability analysis of a saturated atmosphere is carried out and is compared with the parcel method. It is shown that the stability parameter nω2 (the Brunt-Vaisala frequency) one obtains by the two methods is identical. It is further shown that the replacement of the dry adiabatic by the wet adiabatic lapse rate in studying the stability of a saturated atmosphere is inadequate in certain circumstances. In particular, for an atmosphere at rest with negative temperature gradients, such a replacement may lead to erroneous prediction of instability. Similarly, for an atmosphere with a background wind, the same replacement will lead to underestimation of stability for sufficiently negative temperature gradients.
Structure of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase at 1.6 Å resolution: stereochemical implications of PLP-dependent amino acid decarboxylases

Abstract Background: Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes catalyze a broad range of reactions, resulting in bond cleavage at C α , C β , or C γ carbons of D and L amino acid substrates. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a PLP-dependent enzyme that controls a critical step in the biosynthesis of polyamines, small organic polycations whose controlled levels are essential for proper growth. ODC inhibition has applications for the treatment of certain cancers and parasitic ailments such as African sleeping sickness. Results: The structure of truncated mouse ODC (mODC′) was determined by multiple isomorphous replacement methods and refined to 1.6 A resolution. This is the first structure of a Group IV decarboxylase. The monomer contains two domains: an α / β barrel that binds the cofactor, and a second domain consisting mostly of β structure. Only the dimer is catalytically active, as the active sites are constructed of residues from both monomers. The interactions stabilizing the dimer shed light on its regulation by antizyme. The overall structure and the environment of the cofactor are compared with those of alanine racemase. Conclusions: The analysis of the mODC′ structure and its comparison with alanine racemase, together with modeling studies of the external aldimine intermediate, provide insight into the stereochemical characteristics of PLP-dependent decarboxylation. The structure comparison reveals stereochemical differences with other PLP-dependent enzymes and the bacterial ODC. These characteristics may be exploited in the design of new inhibitors specific for eukaryotic and bacterial ODCs, and provide the basis for a detailed understanding of the mechanism by which these enzymes regulate reaction specificity.
Disasters and Decentralisation

Climate change may potentially increase the magnitude of losses from natural hazards, but the United States experience shows that the primary reason for escalating losses is policy failure. It is well known that centralised, taxpayer-funded ex post disaster relief has actually encouraged development in risky jurisdictions and also weakened incentives for ex ante precautions in such jurisdictions (moral or “charity” hazard). Less well known and analysed is the role played by centralised ex ante development subsidies—often masquerading as protective investment—in distorting incentives. This paper develops a simple three jurisdiction model in which homogeneous jurisdictions decide by majority vote in a centralised legislature on the centralised (federal) share of ex post loss and centralised spending an ex ante development in a Beneficiary jurisdiction, taking into account how these decisions about centralised spending impact local Beneficiary jurisdiction incentives for precautions against ex post loss. The model shows that the marginal cost of ex ante federal development spending may be greater for a Beneficiary jurisdiction than for a Contractor jurisdiction. This somewhat technical result has an observable implication: evidence that a small fraction of ex post loss in a Beneficiary jurisdiction is centrally compensated (shared across jurisdictions) is evidence that ex ante development subsidies there may be truly precautionary on net; conversely, evidence that a Beneficiary jurisdiction has a large share of its ex post hazard loss compensated by centralised disaster relief suggests that the ex ante development subsidies received by that jurisdiction did more to encourage new development and increase the amount at risk than they did to protect existing development. The model is extended to consider how ex post loss sharing impacts the demand for federally subsidised disaster insurance and other related issues.
Perceptions of sales force automation: Differences between sales force and management

Abstract Differences between management and salespeople in their perceptions of a new technology can affect the acceptance and implementation of that technology. For sales force automation (SFA) systems, the differences in the perceptions held by management and salespeople toward the SFA can affect the successful adoption and implementation of the system by the organization. This paper reports the results of an investigation that focused on the differences in perceptions held by the United States Army's recruiting force and its higher level management toward the Army's newly adopted SFA system, the Army Recruiting Information Support System (ARISS). The results of the study indicate that significant differences exist between the perceptions held by the recruiting force and higher level management toward ARISS, the SFA system. The results offer important insights into managing SFA system deployment and gauging user expectations.
Laser damage thresholds in fused silica structured light gratings

Computer-generated, ion-milled, holographic structures and gratings are being used for multiple splitting of high-power pulsed laser beams. The structures were manufactured by Teledyne Brown Engineering in Huntsville Alabama and both a linear grating and a 2D structure were tested. Damage thresholds were measured in single-shot exposure using a 300 mj, 1 micrometers wavelength laser with a nominal 15 ns gaussian pulse. Energy densities on the gratings were adjusted with a focusing lens and the energy distribution was mapped with an imaging profiler. The gratings were examined dynamically for sparking and breakdown. They were examined after exposure using phase contrast microscopy. Initial results indicate the grating surface is always damaged before the smooth surface independent of the beam direction. The initial indication is that the average energy density threshold for single-shot damage is in the excess of 12 j/cm 2 .
Reduced urinary aldosterone excretion rates with normal plasma concentrations of aldosterone in the very elderly.

Abstract Although aldosterone production declines with age, so does the aldosterone metabolic clearance rate (MCR), and the net effect of age on the circulating level of aldosterone may be less than can be predicted from production rates alone. The effect of age on aldosterone production and plasma levels was studied in a group of elderly individuals at a very advanced age when susceptibility to the impacts of age might be particularly pronounced. Seventeen nursing home patients, ages 75–99 (mean age 86 years), had aldosterone production assessed from the urinary excretion rate of the acid hydrolyzable 18-glucuronide conjugate of aldosterone. Aldosterone excretion was low in the elderly when compared to a group of healthy, young to middle-aged subjects: 123 ± 19 (SEM) vs. 234 ± 18 ng/h (P
Discrete Hydrodynamics: Numerical Results for the Soft-Sphere Viscosity

Numerical calculations have been done of the viscosity of the soft-sphere liquid, using a new molecular dynamics technique. It is based on a formulation of hydrodynamics which is discrete in space and time, and exactly renormalizable. The present data turn out to be sufficient to estimate the viscosity, but determination of the full equations of motion (and therefore renormalization) requires further calculations using a smaller discrete time interval; these are presently under way. The present results indicate that this method is more than 100 times more efficient than previous (Green-Kubo or nonequilibrium molecular dynamics) methods. This suggests that the discrete formulation is the most natural way to approach hydrodynamics.
An unusual presentation of fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: A case report and review of the literature

Sporotrichosis is extremely rare in infants. This report describes an 84-day-old girl with fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis, presumably transmitted by a cat. A rapid, complete response to a low dose of oral potassium iodide therapy was attained. To our knowledge, this is the youngest reported patient with sporotrichosis, as well as the lowest effective daily dose of potassium iodide.
A Pauling biography

Sir-The review by R.J.P. Williams of Serafini's Pauling biography (Nature 342, 135; 1989) mostly displays William's musings as to what makes Pauling tick. While Williams is, of course, entitled to his opinions, our image of Linus Pauling is far more positive and we are especially incensed by the biographer's view of Paulings motivations, such as a need for tension and quarrels.
Gauss's law and the path-integral representation of quantum electrodynamics

The correspondence between operator formulations of perturbation theory for fields and the heuristic form of the path integral with a configuration-space measure is examined. The assumptions necessary to construct the path integral are cataloged and used to formulate the vacuum transition amplitude in path-integral form for both a Hermitian scalar field theory and quantum electrodynamics. It is shown that Gauss's law forces the heuristic path integral in the Coulomb gauge to represent a transition between two dressed states rather than asymptotic Fock vacuums. The relation of this formalism to scattering amplitudes defined by the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann formalism is discussed.
Six-dimensional orthogonal tensorrepresentation of the rotation about an axis in three dimensions

Abstract The representation of the classical formula that contains Euler's theorem on three-dimensionalrigid body rotations, as an orthogonal tensor in three dimensions, is extended to a six-dimensional representation as a tool for accomplishing coordinate transformations of the anisotropic elasticity tensor.
Contradictions in Nigeria's Fertility Transition: The Burdens and Benefits of Having People

Assessments of global fertility trends indicate that the pace of transition to lower fertility in developing countries has been faster than predicted in some of the more pessimistic scenarios presented in previous decades. According to current data sub-Saharan Africa remains the region with the highest levels of fertility but even there the pace of decline appears to be faster than many analysts had predicted. Fairly substantial changes in countries like Kenya and Zimbabwe suggest that high-fertility regimes in sub-Saharan Africa may be relegated to history in the not too distant future. But whether African fertility will decline as quickly from moderate to low levels as it has from very high to moderate levels remains uncertain. In Nigeria the pace of fertility decline has been relatively slow especially given the country’s considerable economic resources and human capital. Nigerians in their reproductive years are making fertility decisions that will determine the country’s demographic momentum for the next few decades. While analyses of census data and large-scale surveys provide information about trends and permit inferences about the kinds of variables that affect people’s fertility behavior they tell us little about the experiences of people who are having children in the midst of Africa’s apparent fertility transition. This article presents an ethnographic account and an anthropological analysis of the contradictory pressures that Nigerians face as they decide how many children to have. (excerpt)
Homogeneous and compact acoustic ground cloaks

We present the design, architecture, and detailed performance predictions for a class of ground-plane acoustic cloaking shells. The design begins with a coordinate transformation which, in contrast to a quasiconformal design, yields a homogeneous but anisotropic material and a shell size that is comparable to the size of the object to be hidden. We apply the general approach to the design of a broadband acoustic cloak in water, in which the desired material parameters are realized through acoustic metamaterials composed of blocks of steel, aluminum foam, and silicon carbide foam. Since metallic and ceramic foams are prone to sound absorption, we discuss the effects of loss inside the two types of foam. An important part of this design consists in reducing the shear wave effects inside the solids by isolating these solids from each other through narrow channels of background fluid. Numerical simulations of the entire device, as composed of the discrete and basic material building blocks, demonstrates good performance and shows that such a device can be physically realized through the assembly of available materials in a relatively simple form.
Learning and Teaching Styles for Teaching Effectiveness: An Empirical Analysis

Students do not have homogeneous learning patterns, their learning styles and preferences vary, their cognitive abilities vary; similarly instructors employ different teaching methods. This research explores the linkages between learning and teaching styles by using the Felder-Solomon Index of Learning Styles and CORD's teaching style inventories to match and expand the learning and teaching styles interpretation from the learners' perspective. This research provides practical implications for educators to think about how their students learn and what would be the best instructional methods for their learners.
Stochastic processes in messenger RNA turnover.

Abstract It has been proposed that mRNA stability in Escherichia coli is enhanced by association with ribosomes and that failure of ribosome initiation into polysomes results in message inactivation. This hypothesis is examined with the aid of a simple steady queuing model from which mRNA lifetimes and other cell parameters may be calculated. Agreement with experimentally determined lifetimes is good.
Barriers and values in the measurement of program benefits

Both theory and practice in measuring benefits of social programs are weak and are likely to remain so, because such normative matters as value of life and income distribution are vital elements in social programs.
Effects of adding protein, condensed tannins, and polyethylene glycol to diets of sheep and goats fed one-seed juniper and low quality roughage

a b s t r a c t The biochemical mechanisms that limit voluntary intake of one-seed juniper by brows- ing ruminants are not well understood. Twelve Rambouillet ewes (78 ± 2.3 kg BW) and 12 Boer-Spanish does (54 ± 1.4 kg BW) were used in a split-plot sequence design to investigate the effects of adding protein, quebracho tannins (QTs), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on one-seed juniper intake and preference and on ruminal VFA and plasma AA concentrations. Animals received sudangrass hay and isoenergetic basal diets (4 does and 4 ewes/diet) with either rumen degradable (RDP) or rumen undegradable (RUP) protein (12.5% CP) or no addi- tional protein (control, 5% CP) during four 15-d periods. The control, RDP, and RUP diets were considered the main plot, whereas the four supplement treatments were analyzed as the split-plot effects. Period 1 allowed for adaptation to basal diets and served as a baseline phase. In periods 2-4, animals were offered juniper leaves and twigs (period 2), juniper plus QT (10% of basal diet; period 3), and juniper plus QT plus PEG (50 g/animal; period 4). Juniper intake by sheep and goats was not affected (P > 0.88) by RDP or RUP when animals were first exposed to juniper, but marginally increased (P < 0.10) in period 4 (QT + PEG) regardless of the basal diet. Prior exposure to juniper did not affect (P = 0.61) the preference ratio for juniper, but goats had higher preference ratio for juniper (P < 0.01) when receiving PEG (period 4). Concentrations of total VFA tended to increase in sheep (P = 0.10) and goats (P = 0.14) fed protein supplements and molar proportions shifted toward acetate for goats fed RDP and RUP (P = 0.07) and to butyrate for sheep fed RDP (P = 0.01). Initial juniper expo- sure (period 2) elevated concentrations of acetate, propionate, and butyrate (P < 0.01), but the effect was extinguished in periods 3 and 4 with addition of QT (P < 0.05). Supplemen- tation with PEG transiently mitigated the depressor effect of QT on acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentration at 12 h post juniper feeding (P < 0.01). RDP in goats and to a greater extent RUP in sheep increased plasma concentrations of various AA, especially the branched chained Val, Ile, and Leu (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of several AA, including Met, Cyst, Glu, Gly, Gln, Asn, Thr, Ser, and Phe, decreased with ingestion of juniper (period 2) and juniper plus QT (period 3). Concentrations of some AA that were depressed by inges- tion of juniper and QT were partially restored with supplemental PEG (P < 0.05). Protein, terpenes, tannins, and PEG interacted to influence rumen VFA and plasma AA, which were related to intake of juniper and basal diets.
On the mean oscillation of the Hessian of solutions to the Monge–Ampère equation

We give interior a priori estimates for the mean oscillation of second derivatives of solutions to the Monge?Ampere equation detD2u=f(x) with zero boundary values, where f(x) is a non-Dini continuous function. If the modulus of continuity of f(x) is f(r) such that limr?0f(r)log(1/r)=0, then D2uVMO.
Collagen-Like Protein in Human Plasma

Human plasma contains hydroxyproline in a bound form that is nondialyzable, is precipitable with the usual protein precipitants, can be extracted with hot trichloroacetic acid, and is released on hydrolysis in 6N HCI. These properties resemble those of collagen and suggest that small amounts of this connective tissue protein (3 to 5 mg per 100 ml), or a very large peptide derived from it, normally circulate in the blood. The identification and analysis of hydroxyproline in hydrolyzates of plasma protein were based on isotope-dilution procedures.
Ethnicity and Type D personality as predictors of heart rate variability

This study examined the relationship between Type D personality and heart rate variability (HRV) during three guided imagery experiences (baseline, stressful, and uplifting) in a non-medical sample. The interaction between African-American ethnicity and Type D personality was predictive of both low and high frequency HRV during stressful imagery experiences. The importance of identifying group influences when assessing psychological and cardiovascular health was discussed.
A growth property in concave-convex hamiltonian systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a growth property in concave-convex Hamiltonian systems. The analysis of the stability of Hamiltonian dynamical systems in various economic models depends on the curvature of the Hamiltonian function at a rest point of the system or, equivalently, on growth properties involving gradients or subgradients. The chapter presents a general property pointing in particular to a simplification of conditions assumed by Cass and Shell. In the paper of Cass and Shell, a certain global growth property of H (a Hamiltonian) is implicit in the conditions they impose on the underlying technology.
Heredity of hexobarbital sleeping time and efficiency of drug metabolism in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats.

Nature of considerable variability of hexobarbital sleeping time and drug metabolism efficiency within a single strain of rats was investigated. Wistar or Sprague-Dawley rats with shorter than average hexobarbital sleeping tune had also higher rates of in vitro hepatic microsomal metabolism of hexobarbital, aminopyrine, aniline and benzene, higher liver weight, microsomal protein content and P-450 level, and faster hexobarbital blood level decline (but similar volumes of distribution) after intraperitoneal hexobarbital sodium than those with relatively longer hexobarbital sleeping time, but awakened with the same hexobarbital blood level. The differences were maintained throughout the life of rats and inherited in their offspring. It indicated a possible genetic control of hexobarbital sleeping time and efficiency of drug metabolisms with apparent differences in selection response for Type I and Type II substrates (hexobarbital and aminopyrine vs aniline): it might indicate different heredity mechanism for these types of substrates. Stronger hexobarbital narcotic effect in females was associated with the rate of hexobarbital metabolism, but also with higher brain sensitivity. Hexobarbital sleeping tune pattern indicated more general pattern of drug metabolism (better for Type I substrates) and success of selection of rats for different efficiency of drug metabolism (up to 8-fold differences in F5 generation) suggested considerable genetic non-homogeneity of two common strains of laboratory rats.
Relationships between neonatal behavioral organization and infant behavior during the first year of life

A large sample of infants from an economically disadvantaged population was examined using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale during the first two weeks of life. These infants were seen again at three, six and nine months of age in a variety of behavioral and standardized test assessments. Brazelton Scale performance was found to have modest but significant relationships to infant behaviors during feeding and play interaction with the mother at six, but not at three, months of age. At nine months, the score on the Bayley Mental Scale was related to neonatal behavior organization as assessed by the Brazelton Scale. The results are interpreted as evidence for the validity of the neonatal assessment as a predictor of later infant behavioral organization. The results also suggest that Brazelton Scale performance may be useful as a part of a cumulative index in the assessment of “risk” infants.
Representing recompression HCCI dynamics with a switching linear model

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) promises efficient combustion and less NO x emissions over conventional modes. However, the lack of direct ignition trigger and the cycle-to-cycle coupling in recompression HCCI makes the combustion phasing control problem difficult. To further complicate the matter, we show in this paper that the natural dynamics of HCCI can change drastically from one operating point to another. Our analyses show that the operating range of recompression HCCI can be partitioned into three linear regions such that a single linearized model can reasonably capture the system behavior within each region. As a result, a switching linear model that switches between three linearized systems shows better agreement with the physical testbed compared to using a single linear model. The switching linear model also gives insights on what the appropriate feedback control actions should be in each of the region and reveals that a controller that works well in one region may have a directional error when blindly applied to a different operating region.
Test and Analysis of Vibration Characteristic on New Type Dynamic Hydrocyclone

Dynamic hydrocyclone is currently used in separating oil and water from the crude oil, in which the fluid rolling motion is drived by the external power. Compared with the static type, the dynamic hydrocylone has higher separating property, while its structure is more complex and its separating property is influenced seriously by all the rotary components. Based on the original model, dynamic hydrocyclone of the new type is designed and manufactured, while applying the vibration signal collection and analysis system of IOtech640 type in the vibration characteristic analysis of the model body. The result shows that, when the rotating speed rises from 600r/min to 2000r/min and the flux from 1 to 3 m3 /h, the level time-domain vibration peak of the monitoring site both the near the electromotor and the faraway is under 3.4×10−4 , while the vertical is under 3.2×10−4 , with steady frequency components in the vibration signal. It is illustrated that vibration intensity of the dynamic hydrocyclone of the new optimized type is lightened, which may confirm the improvement of the separation property and the operational life.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
On the Jacobian conjecture

The Jacobian conjecture in two variables is studied. It is shown that if ƒ, g∈C[x,y] have unit Jacobian but C[ƒ,g]≠C[x,y], then necessarily gcd(deg(ƒ),deg(g))≥16. Other restrictions on counterexamples are also obtained. The conjecture is equivalent to “If C is the generic curve given by the polynomial ƒ(x,y) and dx/ƒy is an exact differential on this curve, then C has genus zero”.
Theory of compressible irrotational flows including heat conductivity and longitudinal viscosity

A new exact analytical model was derived for the irrotational flows of compressible fluids when the effects of heat conductivity and molecular viscosity are allowed. This new model satisfies conservation of mass, momentum and energy exactly. In addition, it satisfies physical irrotationality conditions. Compared to the classical small perturbation viscous-transonic (V-T) equation, the new physically dissipative potential (PDP) equation contains a number of additional terms that are highly nonlinear. The new model is derived in a general vector operator form and in a scalar canonical form. The PDP equation is able to produce shock waves of different strengths depending on the ratio of secondary and shear viscosity coefficients. The one-dimensional, steady flow version of the PDP equation was integrated using a Runge-Kutta scheme and different values of the ratio of the two viscosities. The computed shock structures are symmetric. Rankine-Hugoniot shock jumps were obtained when Stokes' hypothesis was used in the PDP equation and isentropic shock jumps were obtained when the longitudinal viscosity was negligible.
Abstract A22: Single institution analysis of disparities in colon rectal cancer in Hispanics and non-Hispanics.

Purpose: Despite advances in treatment and decreasing mortality rates in colorectal cancer over the past decade, Hispanics have experienced less improvement in mortality rates compared to other racial groups. We investigate whether delays in presentation and treatment contribute to less improvement in Hispanic. Methods: Our study is a retrospective cohort study on 158 patients treated for stage IV colorectal cancer presenting from 2006-2011 to Los Angeles County (LAC-USC) Medical Center. All patients had at least one cycle of their first line chemotherapy completed at LAC- USC. We assessed potential factors such as time from symptom to presentation, time from presentation to treatment, age, gender, race, tumor site, and stage at time of diagnosis. Statistical analysis used the aforementioned data as covariates comparing Hispanics to non-Hispanic whites and analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model. Result: Median age 54 (21-82) years old, 58% of patients were male and 42% were female. 54% of patients were Hispanics, 25% were Asian, 11% were Black and 10% were White. 69 % of patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and 31% had non-metastatic disease. 47% of patients had left sided cancer, 25% had right sided and 28% had rectal cancer. Median time between symptom to presentation was 83 days; 88 days in Hispanics, 86 days in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), 93 days in Blacks and 81 days in Asian. Median start day of treatment was 88 days; 103 days in Hispanics, 116 days in NHW, 31 days in Blacks and 66 days in Asians. Median age at the time of presentation, location of tumor, time between first symptom to presentation and time between presentation and treatment were not significantly significant in Hispanics compared to NHW. Conclusions: In our small cohort we failed to show any association between race, presentation, and initiation of treatment. This data suggests that biological differences in Hispanics may be contribute to colorectal outcomes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Steven Yu, Maryam Shabihkhani, Dongyun Yang, Afsaneh Barzi. Single institution analysis of disparities in colon rectal cancer in Hispanics and non-Hispanics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
An experimental study of song type function in the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)

We tested the hypothesis that the alpha and beta songs of male bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) have separate intrasexual and intersexual functions by presenting caged males and caged females on the territories of male bobolinks. Although all males in our study population share both alpha and beta songs, we found no evidence for a specialized intersexual function of alpha song or a specialized intrasexual function of beta song. Territorial males increased their singing rate of both alpha and beta songs during both the male presentations and the female presentations. The proportions of the two song types did not change between control and experimental periods for either male or female presentations. We found no evidence in support of specialized intrasexual and intersexual functions of note types. Only 10% of the vocalizations initiated by territorial males were complete alpha or beta songs, while 87% were song fragments, and the remaining 3 % were compound songs. We did find that territorial males responded to simulated male intruders by increasing the proportion of fragmented songs and decreasing the proportion of compound songs. Moreover, males included fewer notes per song initiated and sang a higher proportion of songs that included only introductory notes during male presentations. We conclude that the vocal response of territorial male bobolinks to conspecific male intruders is to sing short, simple sequences of either song type. We found no consistent changes in vocal behavior of territorial males in response to female presentations other than increases in song rates.
The Isidorian Context of Aldhem’s “Lorica” and Exeter Riddle 35

Exeter Riddle 35, a translation of Aldhelm’s Enigma 33, “Lorica,” has attracted much attention from scholars interested in Anglo-Saxon practices of translation. Aldhelm’s poem is distinguished by its elegant structure, but also by its debt to Isidore’s Etymologies, a debt that has not yet been recognized by the poem’s modern readers. The Isidorian conceit is carefully embedded within the structure of the poem, and Aldhelm takes great pains to mirror it on the formal level, using a variety of word-pictures and aural effects to lead the reader to the etymological heart of his riddle. Unraveling these connections vividly demonstrates Aldhelm’s skill as a craftsman, but also changes the way we must see Exeter 35 as a translation. The complexity of the Latin poem forces us to recognize the Anglo-Saxon poet’s keen appreciation of his source material, which must have been supported by a certain sensitivity to the formal aspects of Latin verse. It also reveals the liberties the translator took in adapting his source; the Old English poet puts much less emphasis on form, relying instead on vivid imagery set against the challenge to the wise reader typical of the Old English riddles. Though Exeter 35 is a translation, it is also an original composition which maintains focus on the central conceit of its source while adapting it to vernacular stylistic norms.
Automated measurement of children's facial expressions during problem solving tasks

There has been growing recognition of the importance of adaptive tutoring systems that respond to the student's emotional and cognitive state. However little is known about children's facial expressions during a problem solving task. What are the actual signals of boredom, interest, or confusion in real, spontaneous behavior of students? The field also is in need of spontaneous datasets to drive automated recognition of these states. This project aims to collect, measure, and describe spontaneous facial expressions of children during problem solving. We apply the computer expression recognition toolbox (CERT) to videos of behavioral data from children between the ages of 3 and 9, particularly focusing on the spontaneous expressions of uncertainty. From the Facial Action outputs, we analyze changes in facial expression during problem solving, and differences in expression between correct and incorrect trials. Moreover, we demonstrate differences in expression dynamics between older and younger children during problem solving. Future work examines differences between facial action and other modalities such as voice pitch.
A computer controlled photodetector system for monitoring rodent movement in experimental observation chambers

Abstract A computerized data collection system has been developed for continuous monitoring of the positions of three mice in adjacent plexiglass chambers, separated by wire mesh. Grids of infrared photodetectors are interfaced to a Commodore 64 computer, which periodically (at intervals of 1/60 s or longer) reads the positions of all mice. If any animals have moved, the new positions of all mice, and the time, are recorded. This system can be readily adapted to any application requiring monitoring of the position of one animal or simultaneous monitoring of several animals, with each animal in a separate chamber.
Glucose transport across isolated bovine pigment epithelium.

Glucose transport across the isolated bovine pigment epithelium was studied in vitro by mounting the tissue in a chamber and exposing the apical and basal surfaces to separate solutions. Analysis of the total unidirectional glucose fluxes, for both directions, indicates that a carrier-mediated transport system exists with a significant net flux in the choroid to retina direction. The apparent kinetic constants of carrier-mediated glucose transport are: Km = 9·5 mm, Vmax = 0·71 μmol/cm2/hr for the retina to choroid direction, and Km = 27 mm, Vmax = 2·1 μmol/cm2/hr for the choroid to retina direction. Comparison of the kinetic parameters show that only the maximum velocities were significantly different. The total unidirectional glucose fluxes were insensitive to phloridzin (0·1 mm), sodium reduction (50%) and potassium reduction (90%). Phloretin (0·1 mm) and calcium reduction (90%) were effective in reducing the total unidirectional flux significantly in both directions. These findings suggest that glucose transport across bovine pigment epithelium involves a carrier-mediated transport system, and calcium is an effective modulator of the unidirectional glucose flux.