cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of intranasal fluticasone spray, budesonide atomizer, and budesonide respules in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background Nasal steroids are a critical part of the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Increasingly, practitioners are using budesonide respules delivered to the sinonasal cavities, which is an off-label use, in lieu of traditional nasal steroids. There has been little research comparing budesonide with traditional nasal steroids and the most effective delivery method of budesonide. Methods A randomized controlled trial was performed on patients after ESS for CRSwNP in a tertiary care center. Patients were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: group A received fluticasone nasal spray twice daily; group B received budesonide respules via a mucosal atomization device (MAD) twice daily; and group C received budesonide respules instilled via the vertex-to-floor (VF) position twice daily. Primary endpoints were 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Lund-Kennedy scores at 6 months. Results Thirty-two patients were enrolled in the study, 23 of whom completed the 6-month trial. There were no significant differences among groups A, B, and C with respect to age, gender, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, or previous ESS. Group B had a statistically significant greater reduction in SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores at the primary endpoint of 6 months compared to groups A and C. Group C had the next greatest reduction, which was statistically significant, followed by group A. Conclusion Patients treated with budesonide after ESS for CRSwNP had greater improvement in SNOT-22 and Lund-Kennedy scores compared to fluticasone at 6 months. The data supports the use of budesonide respules, particularly with a MAD, over fluticasone for CRSwNP patients after ESS.
Foreign Policy Litigation and Civil Liberties in the Post-September 11th Environment

In the wake of the September 11th attacks, questions regarding the relationship of civil liberties to foreign affairs have received renewed salience within our society. This paper examines a unique dataset of decisions rendered by the federal District Courts and the Courts of Appeals after September 11, 2001; focusing specifically on the influence of competing preferences and constraints (i.e., individual rights versus security) on judicial behavior. The empirical results indicate that the lower federal courts have become more ideologically polarized since the terrorist attacks and that these ideological influences exert a more profound impact on judicial behavior than preferences over security.
Unsupervised Speaker Identification for TV News

Identifying the speakers in TV news would help listeners analyze and understand news content, but doing so in news videos is challenging because new faces often appear. Previous research has identified speakers on pretrained faces for TV shows and movies. Using an unsupervised method, this article proposes labeling speakers using just the available information in the news video without external information. The proposed framework segments the audio by speaker, parses closed captions for speaker names, identifies who is speaking, and performs optical character recognition for speaker names. The framework uses face recognition, face clustering, face landmarking, natural language processing tools, and speaker diarization. Results indicate 63.6 percent accuracy for identifying speakers for CNN News.
Characterization of a Perfluorinated Ketone for LIF Applications

A perfluorinated ketone, 2-trifluoromethyl-1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-3-pentanone, has been investigated to determine several physical and spectroscopic properties. It was found to exhibit fluorescence similar to that of acetone, emitting over the 360-550 nm range with a peak near 420 nm when excited at 355 nm. This compound's emission is nearly unaffected over a wide range of temperature and pressure in an argon bath gas. Its fluorescence efficiency was found to be three times higher than that of acetone. Combined with low reactivity and thermal stability up to 500°C, this makes the material an excellent tracer for flow applications near critical conditions.
Remarks on Divisors of Zero

(1942). Remarks on Divisors of Zero. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 5, pp. 286-295.
Synthesis and Electronic Structure of Bis(imino)pyridine Iron Metallacyclic Intermediates in Iron-Catalyzed Cyclization Reactions

The bis(imino)pyridine iron dinitrogen compound, (iPr(TB)PDI)Fe(N2)2 (iPr(TB)PDI = 2,6-(2,6-iPr2-C6H3-N═C-(CH2)3)2(C5H1N)) is an effective precatalyst for the [2π + 2π] cycloaddition of diallyl amines as well as the hydrogenative cyclization of N-tosylated enynes and diynes. Addition of stoichiometric quantities of amino-substituted enyne and diyne substrates to (iPr(TB)PDI)Fe(N2)2 resulted in isolation of catalytically competent bis(imino)pyridine iron metallacycle intermediates. A combination of magnetochemistry, X-ray diffraction, and Mossbauer spectroscopic and computational studies established S = 1 iron compounds that are best described as intermediate-spin iron(III) (SFe = 3/2) antiferromagnetically coupled to a chelate radical anion (SPDI = 1/2). Catalytically competent bis(imino)pyridine iron diene and metallacycles relevant to the [2π + 2π] cycloaddition were also isolated and structurally characterized. The combined magnetic, structural, spectroscopic, and computational data support an Fe(I)–Fe...
Focus on Elementary: Connecting Words to the World: Literature Connections for Social Studies Through Text Sets

As teacher educators, we often ask preservice candidates to begin their field placements by exploring what is already happening at their school sites. We encourage them to observe the nature of cla...
Metabolite regulation of cholesterol synthesis.

Strong circumstantial evidence supports the concept that 26-hydroxycholesterol is involved in regulating synthesis of its parent molecule. Different theories of feedback inhibition of a critical enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase, are discussed. Advances in mass spectrometry technology should make it possible to establish whether cholesterol or its metabolite is the feedback inhibitor.
The role of scheduled voiding in the management of primary vesicoureteral reflux.

AbstractThe intrammal tunnel shortens as the bladder filis. At any given pressme reflux is more likely to occur when the bladder is full than when it is empty. Therefore, cystoscopic description of the size, shape and position of the ureteral orifices must include a notation regarding the degree of bladder filling. Scheduled voiding is one of the most important adjunctive measures in the non-operative management of primary reflux One of the prime indications for ureteroneocystostomy is the cystoscopic aemonstration of abnormal ureteral orifices at bladder volumes too low to allow a reasonable voiding interval.
Nitrite Modification of Extracellular Matrix Alters CD46 Expression and VEGF Release in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

PURPOSE Loss of CD46 has recently been implicated in choroidal neovascularization in mice. Herein we investigated the effect of nitrite modification of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as an in vitro model of "aging" and its effect on CD46 expression and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in cocultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). METHODS ARPE-19 cells were plated onto RPE-derived ECM conditions (untreated; nitrite modified; nitrite modified followed by washing with Triton X-100; or nitrite modified followed by washing with Triton X-100 and coated with extracellular matrix ligands). Cells were cultured for 7 days and CD46 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Additionally, CD46 short interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into ARPE-19 cells, and VEGF levels were determined by ELISA. Finally, in the same ECM conditions, ARPE-19 cells were challenged with normal human serum and VEGF levels determined by ELISA. RESULTS CD46 is expressed on the basolateral surface of ARPE-19 cells on RPE-derived ECM. Nitrite modification of ECM reduced the expression of CD46 on ARPE-19 cells by 0.5-fold (P = 0.003) and increased VEGF release in ARPE-19 cells by 1.7-fold (P < 0.001). CD46 knockdown also increased release of VEGF on the apical and basal sides of ARPE-19 cells in culture by 1.3- (P = 0.012) and 1.2-fold (P = 0.017), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Nitrite modification of the ECM decreased CD46 expression and increased the release of VEGF from ARPE-19 cells. Changes in CD46 expression may lead to changes in VEGF and play a pathologic role in the development of age-related macular degeneration.
C1-inhibitor-serine proteinase complexes and the biosynthesis of C1-inhibitor by Hep G2 and U 937 cells.

The biosynthesis of the serpin alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is regulated by a feedback mechanism whereby complexes between alpha 1- proteinase inhibitor and serine proteinases bind to liver cells and monocytes, a reaction that activates alpha 1-proteinase-inhibitor gene transcription. Such a mechanism may form the basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for serpin deficiency states with reduced levels of otherwise normally functioning serpins. This issue was addressed for C1-inhibitor, the missing serpin in hereditary angioedema. C1-inhibitor biosynthesis by Hep G2 hepatoma cells was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, by metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation, and by Northern blotting. C1-inhibitor biosynthesis was stimulated by gamma-interferon (100 U/mL) but not by cell exposure to C1-inhibitor-kallikrein (1 mumol/L), C1-inhibitor-C1s (1 mumol/L), and C1-inhibitor-plasmin complexes (1 mumol/L) or to reactive site-cleaved C1-inhibitor (1 mumol/L). Moreover, radioiodinated C1s-C1-inhibitor complex did not bind to Hep G2 cells. C1-inhibitor-kallikrein complex was also without effect on C1-inhibitor mRNA in U 937 cells. Therefore, the proposed mechanism, by which serpin- enzyme complex or reactive site-cleaved serpin binding to a specific receptor provides a signal for the stimulation of the biosynthesis of that serpin, is not operative for the biosynthesis of C1-inhibitor by Hep G2 or U 937 cells.
1.1 Insulating Ceramics/High Thermal Conductive Ceramics

This chapter discusses insulating ceramics. New LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramics) is developed, which has excellent electric characteristics in the range of microwave frequency. Multilayered LTCC packages were fabricated using new material. The new LTCC package has high reliability and is adequate for microwave applications, such as packages for satellite telecommunications and new SAW filter and duplexer packages. The process flow for a co-fired, multilayer ceramic package is described. There are many steps to produce a multilayer package. Thermal resistance is shown for different packages. AN75W is applicable to packages requiring both high thermal dissipation and low cost, for example, in consumer products. The properties of newly developed LTCC material and copper conductor co-fired with LTCC material and the reliability of the package are described.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp infantis secretions on fetal human enterocytes are mediated by TLR-4 receptors

The therapeutic and preventive application of probiotics for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) has been supported by more and more experimental and clinical evidence in which Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) exerts a significant role. In immune cells, probiotics not only regulate the expression of TLR-4 but also use the TLR-4 to modulate the immune response. Probiotics may also use the TLR-4 in immature enterocytes for anti-inflammation. Here we demonstrate that probiotic conditioned media (PCM) from Bifidobacterium longum supp infantis but not isolated organisms attenuates interleukin-6 (IL-6) induction in response to IL-1β by using TLR-4 in a human fetal small intestinal epithelial cell line (H4 cells), human fetal small intestinal xenografts, mouse fetal small intestinal organ culture tissues, and primary NEC enterocytes. Furthermore, we show that PCM, using TLR-4, downregulates the mRNA expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK-2), a common adapter protein shared by IL-1β and TLR-4 signaling. PCM also reduces the phosphorylation of the activator-protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factors c-Jun and c-Fos in response to IL-1β stimulation in a TLR-4-dependent manner. This study suggests that PCM may use TLR-4 through IRAK-2 and via AP-1 to prevent IL-1β-induced IL-6 induction in immature enterocytes. Based on these observations, the combined use of probiotics and anti-TLR-4 therapy to prevent NEC may not be a good strategy.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Palliative Care Patients

BackgroundPain affects more than 70% of cancer patients but is often undertreated.MethodsThe authors review and present methodologies to maximize proper palliative approaches to this symptom for th...
African Social Research Forum Tributes to Mwalimu Harold Isaacs: A Metaphorical Linguistic Analysis

Tributes, which can be generally defined as sayings made to venerate or show regard and reverence for a person as clear indications of the faculties and accomplishments of that person, are given at various occasions, more often after a person dies. Paying tributes to the deceased is a common custom. Tributes are presented about a person the speakers/writers respect or as thank-you statements for what that person did in the past for them. Tributes are supposed to comfort surviving family members and friends during their period of grief; yet, it is not uncommon to hear/read tributes that are pregnant with disparaging metaphors: i.e. derogatory figures of speech in which words or phrases are applied to objects or actions to which they are not literally applicable. This paper offers a metaphorical linguistic analysis of the tributes that have been paid to Mwalimu (Kiswahili for “Honorable Teacher”) Harold Isaacs by members of the African Studies and Research Forum (of which Mwalimu Issacs was a founding member and attended all of its meetings until his death on July 10, 2015)—which is an affiliate organization of the Association of Third World Studies (ATWS) founded by him—via the ASRF listserv (asrfmail@googlegroups.com). The tributes cover from July 12 to 14, 2015.
Abstract 205: Reassessing the Impact of Hospital PCI Volume on STEMI Outcomes

Background: Guidelines and Class I AHA/ACCF recommendations suggest that high volume percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) centers produce better patient outcomes than lower-volume centers. Alt...
An Inspection Tool and Process to Identify Modifiable Aspects of Acute Care Hospital Patient Care Units to Prevent Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders.

A dearth of practical resources is available for evaluating ergonomic risk factors in dynamic health care work environments. Of particular need are tools for inspecting patient care environments for hazards. The goal of this study was to describe the development and application of an inspection tool and a process for identifying hazards inherent in the modifiable aspects of the physical environment to reduce injury risk to hospital workers. Through an iterative and participatory process, the tool and inspection process were developed with three purposes in mind: (a) create a framework for the inspection of physical work environments and physical conditions of work associated with injury risk (hazards), (b) document the physical conditions, and (c) provide feedback to decision makers. The tool and process were used by an ergonomics researcher on four patient care units as part of the Be Well, Work Well Total Worker Health® intervention. The resulting inspection process provided a structured method for reco...
Cardiac-Specific Constitutive Activation of Nrf2 Induces a Stable Reductive State in Mice

Redox homeostasis regulates key cellular signaling pathways in both physiology and pathology. The cell's antioxidant response provides a defense against oxidative stress and establishes a redox tone permissive for cell signaling. The molecular regulation of the well-known Keap1/Nrf2 system acts as sensor responding to changes in redox homeostasis and is poorly studied in the heart. Importantly, it is not yet known whether Nrf2 alone can serve as a master regulator of cellular redox homeostasis without compensation of the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant response element (ARE) genes through alternate mechanisms. Here, we addressed this question using cardiac-specific transgenic expression at two different levels of constitutively active nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (caNrf2) functioning independently of Keap1. The caNrf2 mice showed augmentation of glutathione (GSH), the key regulator of the cellular thiol redox state. The Trans-AM assay for Nrf2-binding to the antioxidant response element (ARE) showed a dose-dependent increase associated with upregulation of several major antioxidant genes and proteins. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in dihydroethidium staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the caNrf2-TG mice myocardium. Interestingly, caNrf2 gene-dosage dependent redox changes were noted resulting in generation of a multi-stage model of pro-reductive and reductive conditions in the myocardium of TG-low and TG-high mice, respectively. These data clearly show that Nrf2 levels alone are capable of serving as the master regulator of the ARE. These models provide an important platform to investigate the impact of the Nrf2 system independent of the need to regulate the activity of Keap1 and the consequent exposure to pro-oxidants or electrophiles, which have numerous off-target effects.
Effect of Electronic Device Use While Driving on Cardiovascular Reactivity.

Abstract Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death in people ages 5–34 in the US, and secondary task engagement, such as talking on a cell phone, is a leading contributor to motor vehicle collisions. The negative effects of secondary task engagement on driving performance has become a prominent recent topic of study given the increasing amount of time drivers engage in distracted driving. However, few studies have examined the effects of secondary task engagement while driving on health related outcomes such as cardiovascular reactivity. Cardiovascular reactivity, as measured by heart rate and blood pressure, has been used in previous studies as a means of measuring effort in task engagement as well as a means to predict cardiovascular disease and stroke. This study investigates the effect of secondary task (talking on a cell phone, texting, and driving with no task) while driving in a simulator on cardiovascular reactivity. Using difference scores between baseline (a period of inactivity) and stimulus (driving with no task and driving with secondary tasks), a repeated measures analysis of variance using a mixed model approach was used to determine the effect of secondary task on cardiovascular reactivity. Findings indicated that talking on a cell phone while driving significantly increased cardiovascular reactivity via heart rate and blood pressure compared to driving with no task. Texting while driving did not differ significantly from driving with no task. This study demonstrates the need for more research on the long term effects of secondary tasks while driving on cardiovascular reactivity and for assessing the risks associated with secondary task use while driving on developing cardiovascular disease or stroke.
Expression of inflammatory markers in women with perinatal depressive symptoms.

Perinatal depression affects 10–20% of women and is associated with poor outcomes for mother and child. Inflammation is associated with depression in non-pregnant adults. Perinatal depression and inflammation in pregnancy are independently associated with morbidities including obesity, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. The role of inflammation in perinatal depression has received little attention. We hypothesized an association between self-reported perinatal depressive symptoms and serum inflammatory biomarkers TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and CRP. 110 healthy gravidas were recruited in third trimester from an academic medical center, with a baseline study visit at a mean of 32.5 (SD ± 1.8) weeks gestational age. Sixty-three participants completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and provided demographic information and serum samples upon enrollment and at 3 and 6 months postpartum. Serum inflammatory markers were quantified by multiplex array. Multiple linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate trends of biomarkers with the EPDS score in the third trimester of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Elevated serum TNF-α was associated with lower EPDS total score (β = − 0.90, p = 0.046) after adjusting for demographics and medication use. In contrast, IL-6, CRP, and IL-1β did not demonstrate statistically significant associations with depressive symptoms by the EPDS in either crude or adjusted models. Study findings showed no association or an inverse (TNF-α) association between inflammatory markers and perinatal depressive symptoms. Relevant literature evaluating a role for inflammation in depression in the unique context of pregnancy is both limited and inconsistent, and further exploration is merited.
Indication, Collection, and Laboratory Processing of Cytologic Samples

Urine is an acellular liquid product of renal excretory function. As liquid passes through the renal tubules, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra, it picks up desquamating cells derived from the epithelia of these organs. Inflammatory cells, erythrocytes and macrophages are frequently seen. Voided urine has an acid pH and a high content of urea and other organic components; therefore it is not isotonic. Consequently, urine is not a hospitable medium for desquamated cells, which are often poorly preserved and sometimes difficult to access microscopically.
Negative Evidence in First- and Second-Language Acquisition

While the focus of Chapter 4 was on the problematic status of metalinguistic output in formulating second-language acquisition theory, Chapter 5 examines the possibility of a facilitative role of metalinguistic input in language learning. The term “metalinguistic input” is used here in a fairly general sense to refer to interlocutors’ (usually, native speakers’ or teachers’) references to learners’ linguistic form. Although such a definition embraces a number of varieties of metalinguistic input, special emphasis is placed in this chapter on the function of negative evidence (that is, indications given to learners that certain strings are not grammatical) in learners’ ultimate attainment of knowledge of target language structure.
Embodied Embeddings for Hyperneat

A long time goal of evolutionary roboticists is to create everincreasing lifelike robots which reflect the important aspects of biology in their behavior and form. One way to create such creatures ...
Quantitative assessment of camera calibration for 3D reconstruction of underwater scenes in the presence of refraction

3D scene reconstruction is a well-researched topic for urban environments. However, this is applicable only to images taken in air. Underwater imagery poses new challenges due to the fact that most cameras are designed to operate in air, and in water they have to be placed in protective housings. Housing viewport distorts imagery by refracting light at two surfaces separating media with different refraction indexes. Thus, correction of imagery for Euclidean 3D reconstruction requires an additional calibration step - determination of refraction-related parameters. The set of these parameters depends on the geometry of a viewport. Most widely used viewports are flat and hemispherical. Refractive parameters are very difficult to measure directly and are known to be notoriously difficult to be determined by computational methods. We propose novel approaches for determination of these parameters and show how 3D reconstruction with refraction taken into account improves the results.
Chapter 33 – Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland consists of two endocrine cell populations, the follicular cells and the C cells (parafollicular cells). The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining the optimal function of virtually all other organs. The follicular cells are responsible for the synthesis, storage, and secretion of thyroid hormones, which regulate the basal metabolic rate and the processes of growth and tissue differentiation. Calcitonin, produced by the C cells, helps regulate serum calcium and phosphate levels. Chemicals may affect the function of follicular cells by altering the pharmacokinetics, production, and utilization of thyroid hormones. Secretion of thyroid hormones is under feedback control by the pituitary. Prolonged stimulation of the follicular cells by a thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary can lead to diffuse hyperplasia and neoplasia. The pituitary, which may be under prolonged stimulation to produce TSH, may also develop neoplasms. Similarly, biochemical, physiological, or structural changes to C cells may alter their function. Due to the central role of the thyroid gland in the overall health of an animal, it is commonly included as a protocol required tissue for morphological examination in most toxicity and carcinogenicity studies.
PERSISTENCE PAYS OFF: CARDIAC SARCOIDOSIS PRESENTING AS ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK UNDIAGNOSED ON INITIAL IMAGING

Cardiac sarcoidosis has a wide range of manifestations. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) scan and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are the two major diagnostic modalities for cardiac sarcoidosis, but may not detect isolated conduction system involvement. A 55 year
Symptomatic Cavernous Malformation Presenting with Seizure without Hemorrhage: Analysis of Factors Influencing Clinical Presentation.

Background Supratentorial cavernous malformations (CMs) can be epileptogenic lesions. However, little is known about clinical comorbidities, medication use, and radiologic features that predict a first seizure presentation without associated CM hemorrhage. Methods We queried a prospective registry of consecutive patients with CM established in January 2015. Data regarding clinical presentation, comorbid conditions, daily medication use, and radiologic CM characteristics were collected. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed assessing variables for presentation with seizure without hemorrhage with P values, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals reported. Results Of 202 patients, 58.4% were women, and the average age at diagnosis was 43.7 ± 16.5 years. Of the patients, 59.4% were symptomatic. In 40.6%, the CM was an incidental finding. Of the 30 patients who presented with a first-time seizure without concomitant hemorrhage, the mean age at diagnosis was 38.4 ± 14.6 years, and 56.7% were women. Compared with incidental CM, patients with seizure without hemorrhage were younger, had a cortically based, supratentorial lesion, and were less likely to have chronic inflammatory disease or to use aspirin, vitamin D, or statin. Compared with other supratentorial lesions, patients with seizure without hemorrhage more commonly had a temporal lobe CM. Conclusions These prospective data provide possible clues to radiologic factors, clinical comorbidities, and medication influences on seizure presentation in patients with CM. Further multicenter studies would be helpful to determine if disease-modifying agents in addition to epileptic medications or surgery might be helpful.
Abstract 449: GRK2-S670A Mice Reveal Cardioprotection Post Ischemia-reperfusion

β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are critical regulators of cardiac contractility whose function are drastically impaired during heart failure (HF). Activated βARs are regulated via phosphorylation by...
The Chinese Must Go: Violence, Exclusion, and the Making of the Alien in America. By Beth Lew‐Williams. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018. Pp. 360. $39.95.)

Contemporary disputes over American immigration and refugee policy make frequent reference to the foreign‐born in our midst as aliens—legal aliens, illegal aliens, aliens with documents, or undocum...
Abstract TP142: Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Stimulation to Augment Aphasia Therapy

Introduction: Previous studies indicate that anodal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (A-tDCS) to left hemisphere or cathodal tDCS (C-tDCS) to right hemisphere might augment aphasia therapy t...
Versions of antihumanism : Milton and others

Introduction Part I. Milton: 1. The Brenzel lectures 2. To the pure all things are pure: law, faith and interpretation in the prose and poetry of John Milton 3. 'There is nothing he cannot ask': Milton, liberalism, and terrorism 4. Why Milton matters, or against historicism 5. Milton in popular culture 6. How the reviews work 7. The New Milton criticism Part II. Early Modern Literature: 8. Void of storie: the struggle for insincerity in Herbert's prose and poetry 9. Authors-readers: Jonson's community of the same 10. Marvell and the art of disappearance 11. Masculine persuasive force: Donne and verbal power 12. How Hobbes works Index.
Airway Surgery Communication Protocol: A Quality Initiative for Safe Performance of Jet Ventilation.

Objectives To assess whether manual jet ventilation can safely be performed with variable anesthesia and operating room (OR) staff experience levels and communication skills. Methods Jet ventilation procedures for airway stenosis at a single institution over 35 months were retrospectively reviewed. OR and anesthesia staff were assigned scores based on experience level and communication skills. Data were analyzed for any association between the experience or communication skills of the staff and the successful use of jet ventilation, complication rate, or ultimate patient outcome, controlling for intraoperative variables and patient and airway complexity. A detailed preoperative surgeon-led communication protocol was followed in all cases. Results Seventy procedures in 46 patients were performed. Jet ventilation was successful in 69 of 70 cases. No relationship was found between staff experience or communication scores and the successful use of jet ventilation, complication rate, or ultimate patient outcome. The percentage of cases performed with a fully experienced team was low, at 7.1%. The experience level of the certified registered nurse anesthetist was significantly associated with likelihood of using an adequate paralytic dose upfront (P = 0.017), which in turn correlated with shorter anesthesia time by 19.7 minutes (P = 0.0131); however, neither affected complication rate nor ultimate patient outcome. The statements above remained true in cases of medically complex patients, difficult airways with high degrees of stenosis, and multiple shift changes. Conclusions Manual jet ventilation can be performed safely even in settings of lower staff experience level or communication skills given a surgeon experienced in the technique and a strict communication protocol. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:S1-S13, 2020.
Extreme weather and marriage among girls and women in Bangladesh

Abstract Climate change interacts with social, economic, and political forces in ways that can shape demographic behavior. Yet, the link between environmental stress and marriage has received limited attention. Using survey data from 615 Bangladeshi households, we examine the relationship between extreme weather in the form of heat waves and dry spells, and the risk of marriage over the period from 1989 to 2013. We find that girls and women are at an increased risk of marrying in the year of or following heat waves. The link is strongest for women aged 18 to 23, and weakest for those 11 to 14. We also explore the hypothesis that extreme weather leads families to accept less desirable marriage proposals for daughters. We find that those who wed during periods of extreme heat married into poorer households and to husbands with less education. Similarly, those who married during abnormally dry periods married men man with less education and who were more supportive of intimate partner violence. Together these results suggest that, when Bangladeshi families face environmental shocks, they cope by hastening the marriage of daughters or accepting less desirable marriage proposals. Such practices are likely to have long-term impacts on the health and well-being of women and children, and underscore the unique vulnerabilities faced by women as climate change intensifies.
Racial Representation and Socialization in Bureaucratic Organizational Structures

Organizational scholars employing the theory of representative bureaucracy in their research have found that when public school teacher demographics mirror those of their students, teachers positiv...
A new resolution quest in electron microscopy

Since its development over 20 years ago, aberration correction has revolutionized the way we study materials at the atomic scale. Here, I outline a set of technical developments for electron microscopes that, when implemented and combined, will enable us to better understand how matter behaves.
Evaluation of pulmonary complications and affecting factors in children for repaired esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.

Abstract Introduction Recurrent pulmonary infections, wheezing and stridor due to swallowing dysfunction, esophageal dysmotility, gastroesophageal reflux, tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia are frequently seen complications after esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula (EA-TEF) surgeries. This study aimed to investigate the frequency and causes of respiratory problems and to evaluate the factors that affect respiratory morbidity in patients who had undergone EA-TEF repair in a tertiary referral center. Methods Preoperative and postoperative records of patients with EA, TEF + EA and isolated EA were examined retrospectively. Accompanied diseases and swallowing dysfunction symptoms were questioned. Bronchoalveolar lavage results were investigated if the patient had flexible bronchoscopy. Results A total of 71 children with EA were included in the study, and seven patients who did not have follow-up after surgery were excluded. 46 of the 64 patients continue regular follow-up visits in our department. Male sex, primary EA repair in another center, EA type C, accompanying genetic anomalies, severe tracheomalacia, late per oral feeding (1 year after surgery), and severe GER were found to cause significantly higher incidence of coughing, recurrent wheezing, recurrent pneumonia, and bronchiectasis despite surgical and medical treatments (p = 0.048, p = 0.045, p = 0.009, p = 0.029, p = 0.025). Conclusion Even if anatomical anomalies are corrected by surgery in patients who underwent EA repair, precautions can be taken for GERD, laryngotracheomalacia, and swallowing dysfunction, and effective pulmonary rehabilitation can be initiated with early multidisciplinary approach before the development of respiratory tract symptoms.
175-LB: Stress Hyperglycemia Predicts Mechanical Ventilation and Death in COVID-19 Infected Adults

People with diabetes (DM) hospitalized with COVID-19 infection have a 2-3 fold higher risk of death compared with those without DM, and mechanical ventilation (MV) has been identified as a major risk factor for death. While stress hyperglycemia (StH) has been established as a risk factor for death in some critically ill cohorts, it is not a well-established risk factor for MV in COVID-19. The COVIDEastDM consortium pooled data from 5 academic hospitals on the East Coast of the US to study the relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 outcomes. Data were obtained retrospectively from electronic records of adults with COVID-19 and either DM or StH (defined in this cohort as day-1 admission blood glucose >180 mg/dl and A1c <6.5%). This analysis included 3,435 individuals, of which 1,001 (29.1%) required MV and 748 (21.8%) died. The mean age was 67 ± 15 yrs., BMI 30.4 ± 7.7 kg/m2, A1c 7.98 ± 2.21 % and glucose 184 ± 104 mg/dl. Additionally, 57% were male, 4 % Asian,19% Black, 52% White, and 28% Hispanic. In a univariate analysis, risk factors for MV included younger age (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97, 0.99] per year older), male sex (OR 1.4 [1.2, 1.7]), BMI (OR 1.013 [1.003, 1.023] per kg/m2), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.16 [1.07, 1.28]) and the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (n=38) at admission (OR 3.9 [2.0, 7.5]). Patients with StH were more likely to require MV (OR 1.93, [1.10, 3.39]). In a multivariate analysis, this relationship was continuous, with both lower A1c and higher glucose increasing risk of MV (p< 0.01 for higher glucose, p<0.001 for lower A1c). Patients who required MV were more likely to die than those who did not require MV (OR 5.1, [4.3, 6.1]) and StH predicted mortality in the multivariate analysis. Thus, in patients hospitalized with COVID19 infection, StH is a strong predictor of both MV and death in COVID-19 infected adults. While it is unclear if StH is a cause or effect of severe COVID-19, its presence early in the hospital course identifies higher risk patients and could potentially impact management.
Older Workers, Stereotypes, and Discrimination in the Context of the Employment Relationship

Age biases could pose challenges to developing and maintaining a successful employment relationship. This chapter reviews theoretical and empirical work on age bias in the workplace (including stereotypes, affect, and discrimination) and utilizes examples of two very different older workers at one hypothetical organization to demonstrate the various ways age biases could impact the employment relationship over time, and in turn how the employment relationship might create conditions that create or hinder age biases. Ideas for future research directly investigating the interplay of age bias and the employment relationship are suggested. An essential message woven throughout the chapter is that we must remember that not all older employees are alike.
The Effect of Piston-Head Temperature on Knock-Limited Power

To determine the effect of piston-head temperature on knock-limited power. Tests were made in a supercharged CFR engine over a range of fuel-air ratios from 0.055 to 0.120, using S-3 reference fuel, AN-F-28, Amendment-2, aviation gasoline, and AN-F-28 plus 2 percent xylidines by weight. Tests were run at a compression ratio of 7.0 with inlet-air temperatures of 150 F and 250 F and at a compression ratio of 8.0 with an inlet-air temperature of 250 F. All other engine conditions were held constant. The piston-head temperature was varied by circulation of oil through passages in the crown of a liquid-cooled piston. This method of piston cooling decreased the piston-head temperature about 80 F. The data are not intended to constitute a recommendation as to the advisability of piston cooling in practice.
Handshake: a case study for exploring business networking for the enterprise, inside and out

MITRE has developed and launched Handshake, a social networking platform for business networking use. We took a unique approach in providing a single MITRE-hosted platform for connecting, collaborating, and networking with internal employees and external partners. The business networking prototype also serves as a research platform for building and deploying other social capabilities and exploring the value of social media for the enterprise. Since its initial release, Handshake has grown to support over 4300 users (∼1000 are external participants) and 450 groups. Feedback from our early adopters has been very positive, with compelling stories on how they are able to engage our sponsors, mission users, and other partners in ways not possible with previous tools. We discuss the initial results of our study here and provide examples of how Handshake is able to meet our corporate objective of bringing the larger community to bear on problems of national importance.
Medicine after the Holocaust: From the Master Race to the Human Genome and Beyond

Foreword F.S.Collins Introduction S.Rubenfeld PART I: EUGENICS, EUTHANASIA, EXTERMINATION When Evil Was Good and Good Evil: Remembrance of Nuremberg E.D.Pellegrino Medicine During the Nazi Period: Historical Facts, and Some Implications for Teaching Medical Ethics and Professionalism V.Roelcke Academic Medicine During the Nazi Period: The Implications for Creating Awareness of Professional Responsibility Today W.Seidelman From Long Island to Auschwitz E.Black Misconceptions of "Race" as a Biological Category: Then and Now T.M.Duello Mad, Bad, or Evil: How Physician Healers Turn to Torture and Murder M.A.Grodin Genetic Diversity Has Prevailed, Not The Master Race F.Murad PART II: MEDICINE AFTER THE HOLOCAUST Genetics and Eugenics: A Personal Odyssey J.D.Watson The Stain of Silence: Nazi ethics and Bioethics A.L.Caplan The Legacy of the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial to American Bioethics and Human Rights G.J.Annas A More Perfect Human: The Promise and Peril of Modern Science L.R.Kass What Does 'Medicine After The Holocaust' Have To Do With Aid in Dying? K.L.Tucker Is Physician-Assisted Suicide Ever Permissible? W.J.Smith Cinematic Perspectives on Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide G.O.Gabbard Science, Medicine and Religion in and after the Holocaust J.M.Haas Why Science and Religion Need to Cooperate to Prevent a Recurrence of the Holocaust I.Greenberg The Status of the Relationship Between the Citizen and the Government W.Connerly From Nuremberg to the Human Genome: The Rights of Participants in Human Research H.T.Greely Medical Professionalism: Lessons from the Holocaust J.J.Cohen Assessing Risk in Patient Care G.P.Noon Jewish Medical Ethics and Risky Treatments A.Steinberg Afterword M.E.DeBakey
Regression as an Analytical Procedure: Are Adjustments for Autocorrelation Really Necessary?

Auditors who use regression analysis when performing analytical procedures may be exposed to the problem of autocorrelation, especially if small-interval time-series data are used. The existence of autocorrelation may bias the standard error of the estimate, which is used in calculating the upper precision limit. This limit determines the acceptance or rejection of an account balance as not materially misstated.Using real-world data and the STAR decision rule, the results of this study suggest that transforming autocorrelated models increases effectiveness (capability of detecting material errors) only slightly, if at all. The results, however, did indicate that efficiency may increase significantly (reduced Type I errors), and that the more severe the autocorrelation, the more likely that efficiency will increase. Therefore, auditors have the most to gain in terms of audit-time savings when models are more severely affected by autocorrelation since fewer incorrect rejections requiring unnecessary additio...
Joy is here, indeed: A Review of Finding Joy in Teaching Students of Diverse Backgrounds: Culturally Responsive and Socially Just Practices in U.S. Classrooms

Finding Joy in Teaching Students of Diverse Backgrounds: Culturally Responsive and Socially Just Practices in U.S. Classrooms. Sonia Nieto, Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 2013, 200 pages, $22.00 (paper...
Naturally occurring epoxy acids: ii. detection and measurement of long-chain epoxy acids by near infrared spectrophotometry

A new method for the detection and estimation of long-chain epoxy acids in seed oils is described. It depends on the measurement of increased absorption at 2.795 μ in the near infrared spectrum caused by chlorohydrins produced from epoxides by treatment with anhydrous ethereal hydrogen chloride. The method is sensitive to approximately 0.2% of epoxy acid in an oil and is specific for epoxides. Hydroxy components of a sample do not interfere since the strongly associated hydroxyl band of chlorohydrins is normally clearly resolved from other OH absorption. The presence of large amounts of vicinally unsaturated hydroxy acids, however, results in large changes in absorption intensity in the 2.8 μ region on HCl treatment and in these cases epoxide concentration cannot be accurately measured but must be estimated. These reactive hydroxy acids, which lead to spurious epoxide values by the conventional methods, lose hydroxyl during the acid treatment, and measurement of the decrease in their absorption at 2.762 μ means that their concentration may be estimated concurrently with that of epoxy components. Other reactive acids, such as cyclopropenoid acids, which result in high epoxide values by the usual methods, do not interfere. Results obtained by this spectrophotometric method are compared, for some oils, with those obtained by the usual chemical methods of epoxide determination.
Plasma crowbars in cylindrical flux compression experiments

We have done a series of one- and two-dimensional calculations of hard-core Z-pinch flux compression experiments in order to study the effect of a plasma on these systems. These calculations show that including a plasma can reduce the amount of flux lost during the compression. Flux losses to the outer wall of such experiments can be greatly reduced by a plasma conducting sheath which forms along the wall. This conducting sheath consists of a cold, dense, high β, unmagnetized plasma which has enough pressure to balance a large field gradient. Flux which is lost into the center conductor is not effectively stopped by this plasma sheath until late in the implosion, at which time a layer similar to the one formed at the outer wall is created. Two-dimensional simulations show that flux losses due to arcing along the sliding contact of the experiment can be effectively stopped by the formation of a plasma conducting sheath.
Survival and development of Eimeria meleagrimitis Tyzzer, 1929 in bovine kidney and turkey intestine cell cultures.

SYNOPSIS. Monolayer cell cultures of embryonic turkey intestine (primary) and bovine kidney (cell line, 20th passage), maintained at 40.6 and 43 C for alternating intervals of approximately 12 hours in Basal Medium Eagle and fetal calf serum at pH 7.0–7.4, were observed for 144 hours after inoculation of Eimeria meleagrimitis sporozoites. In turkey intestine cultures, which consisted of fibroblast-like cells and patches of epitheliul-like cells, there were decreases of 80 and 81% in the numbers of parasites between 5 and 48 hrs; in bovine cultures, 21–41% decreases. Decreases in the turkey cultures, however, were due to the nonsurvival of sporozoites in fibroblast-like cells; in epitheliul-like cells there was a 42% dcrease between 5 and 48 hrs and only 27% between 48 and 144 hours. Trophozoites were present in bovine cells at 5 hrs. Small, mature schizonts containing only 12-28 merozoites were present in the bovine cultures and in the epitheliul-like cells within turkey intestine cultures from 48-144 hrs. Larger schizonts (50-115 by 20-70 μ) were present in bovine but not in turkey cultures from 72–144 hrs. Many of these schizonts contained far more merozoites than schizonts of any of the 3 generations described from the host. In bovine cultures, there was an abundance of liberated merozoites at 50, 52, 74, and 76 hrs; many had reinvaded cells, sometimes as many as 50–60 per cell. In turkey cultures, liberated merozoites were found once at 144 hrs and none were intracellular. At 120 and 144 hrs in bovine cultures, abnormally developed and degenerate forms appeared; in turkey cultures, all were normal.