cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent results from GEANIE at LANSCE

GEANIE, the Germanium Array for Neutron Induced Excitations, is an array of 26 high-resolution γ-ray and X-ray detectors at the WNR broad spectrum neutron source at LANSCE. The neutron source is driven by the pulsed 800 MeV proton beam of the LANSCE accelerator, enabling use of the time of flight technique to determine incident neutron energies. The time structure of the pulsed beam allows lifetime measurements during ∼8 milliseconds between beam bursts. Reactions induced by neutrons in the energy range from 100 keV to over 200 MeV are measured. The γ-ray energy range covered is from 15 keV to 4 MeV. GEANIE has been in operation for over 10 years. Here we present an overview of recent results from GEANIE including neutron-induced γ-ray production cross sections, microsecond and millisecond isomer lifetimes, identification and quantification of possible neutron-induced γ-ray backgrounds in underground double beta decay measurements, and preequilibrium reaction studies. The observation of many new levels in 197 Au, population of isomeric states in 190 Ir, 197 Au, and 202 Tl, and cross sections for γ rays from 48 Ti are presented. Measurement of neutron induced γ rays from Te, Pb, Cu and 76 Ge that may contribute to backgrounds of underground neutrino-less double-beta decay experiments due to cosmic-ray induced neutrons are in progress.
Theory and methods in the study of the development of case and agreement: a response to Schütze.

Two recent papers Wexler, Schutze & Rice (1998) and Rispoli (1999a) reach different conclusions concerning the relationship between finiteness marking and pronoun case errors. Wexler et al. claim they are linked, whereas Rispoli finds little evidence for such a linkage. Wexler et al. discounted data from children who made pronoun case errors in 100% of their attempts at a subject pronoun, whereas Rispoli (1999a) included data from such children. This methodological difference may account for our differing conclusions. Schutze (2001) defends the omission of these data, claiming that children who make a pronoun case error 100% of the time do so because the correct pronoun case form is not in the child's productive inventory. Longitudinal data is presented showing the inadequacy of this assumption. Children may err without variation after a period of variation, indicating that these children have knowledge of the correct form. Apparent methodological differences between the two papers reveal deeper theoretical biases. The paradigm building approach taken by Rispoli views longitudinal variation of this sort as a reflection of lexical retrieval principles at work in a developing paradigm. In contrast, the Agr/Tns Omission Model of Wexler et al. finds such variation an uncomfortable inconvenience.
Narratives and Story Telling in Coping with Grief and Bereavement

My daughter was a normal, healthy young lady, looking forward to becoming a teenager. Then, a strange sensation appeared in the muscle of her upper arm and everything changed! She waged the toughest battle of her life, but died of cancer in the middle of her thirteenth year. How does a mother cope with so tragic a loss? I told and retold the story. I talked about how we faced the chemo, the pain, and the fear together, about the fun we had, about the impact on our family, about the final days on the wish trip, about her death, about her friends, about the support of our faith community. I shared with all who would listen and, gradually, the storytelling helped me to make sense of things, to cope with the gaping hole in my world, to find a new normal for myself, to move on. My daughter stills lives—in eternity, in my memory, in the life I live as a result of having been her mom for those thirteen and a half years, and in the stories—hers, mine, ours. Much work on death, dying, grieving, and bereavement discusses the role of stories in coping with these fundamental human processes. The brief story above, based on the experiences of the senior author of this review, captures the experiences of many. The value of reliance on narratives and story telling has been suggested by several authors, as will be discussed below—this concept is not a new one to scholars studying death and dying issues. In particular, the Healing Story Alliance of the National Storytellers Network has taught us much about the value of storytelling during coping and healing. Much of the work and writing
Reduction of Development of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Salt-Loaded Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats by Angiotensin II Receptor Inhibition

To determine the effect of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (DuP753) on echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) anatomy in Dahl rats on high sodium diet, 27 Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S, 13 on drug and 14 receiving tap water) and 27 Dahl salt-resistant rats (Dahl-R, 13 on drug and 14 receiving tap water) were studied by M-mode echocardiography during 8 weeks of 8% NaCl diet. At the endpoint (after 8 weeks or the last echocardiogram for animals who died earlier), Dahl-S receiving losartan had lower LV mass (1.6 +/- 0.4 g/kg 0.59) than Dahl-S receiving tap water (2.2 +/- 0.7 g/kg 0.59; P < .005), although blood pressure was only partially reduced (167 +/- 29 v 195 +/- 52; P = .05). This difference was mainly due to lower LV wall thickness (P < .02), with a less consistent decrease in LV chamber size in Dahl-S receiving losartan. Blood pressure was normal in Dahl-R (tap water group = 116 +/- 11 mm Hg; losartan group = 115 +/- 13 mm Hg) and losartan had no effect on LV mass (1.6 +/- 0.4 g/kg 0.59) in both groups). In the majority of rats, echocardiographic measurements were compared between the end of second or third week and the last available study: LV mass increased in salt-loaded Dahl-S receiving tap water (1.6+/- 0.6 to 2.1 +/- 0.7 g/kg 0.59, P < .04) and was stable in Dahl-S receiving losartan (1.5 +/- 0.1 to 1.5 +/- 0.3 g/kg 0.59), paralleling changes in LV chamber dimension. Thus, a high salt diet leads to hypertension and eccentric LV hypertrophy in Dahl-S but not in Dahl-R. Inhibition of angiotensin II AT1 receptors reduces the development of LV hypertrophy in Dahl-S rats despite lack of efficient control of blood pressure.
Mechanism of stress-induced leakage current in MOS capacitors

Stress-induced leakage current (SILC) is examined both below and above the voltage at which the preexisting Fowler-Nordheim tunneling current dominates. Based on these results, it is argued that SILC is the result of inelastic rather than elastic trap-assisted tunneling. This clarification explains the well-known thickness dependence of the SILC at low fields that has identified it as a scaling limitation for nonvolatile memory tunnel oxide. It also explains a newly observed different thickness dependence at high fields and facilitates modeling of the electric field/voltage and trap density dependencies of the SILC.
Conditional identification of phosphate-starvation-response mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants have evolved elaborate metabolic and developmental adaptations to low phosphorus availability. Biochemical responses to phosphate limitation include increased production and secretion of phosphate-acquisition proteins such as nucleases, acid phosphatases, and high-affinity phosphate transporters. However, the signal transduction pathways that sense phosphate availability and integrate the phosphate-starvation response in plants are unknown. We have devised a screen for conditional mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. to dissect signaling of phosphate limitation. Our genetic screen is based on the facultative ability of wild-type Arabidopsis plants to metabolize exogenous DNA when inorganic phosphate is limiting. After screening 50,000 M2 seedlings, we isolated 22 confirmed mutant lines that showed severely impaired growth on medium containing DNA as the only source of phosphorus, but which recovered on medium containing soluble inorganic phosphate. Characterization of nine such mutant lines demonstrated an inability to utilize either DNA or RNA. One mutant line, psr1 (phosphate starvation response), had significantly reduced activities of phosphate-starvation-inducible isoforms of ribonuclease and acid phosphatase under phosphate-limiting conditions. The data suggest that a subset of the selected mutations impairs the expression of more than one phosphate-starvation-inducible enzyme required for utilization of exogenous nucleic acids, and may thus affect regulatory components of a Pi starvation response pathway in higher plants.
Candidiasis in Interferon-γ Knockout (IFN-γ−/−) Mice

Germ-free C57BL/6 x 129 interferon-gamma knockout (IFN-gamma(-/-)) mice and their immunocompetent (+/-, +/+) counterparts were colonized with a pure culture of Candida albicans to assess their natural susceptibility to mucosal and systemic candidiasis of endogenous origin. Colonization with a pure culture of C. albicans was not lethal for adult or neonatal IFN-gamma(-/-) gnotobiotic mice over the 15-week study. The IFN-gamma(-/-) mice were more susceptible to gastric (cardia-antrum section), anorectal, and acute systemic (intravenous challenge) candidiasis than immunocompetent controls, and some IFN-gamma(-/-) mice developed intestinal adenomas after colonization with C. albicans. The enhanced susceptibility of IFN-gamma(-/-) mice, compared with immunocompetent controls, may be associated with a poor proliferative response of spleen cells to C. albicans antigens and a T helper 2 (IgG1) serum antibody response to C. albicans antigens. Thus, IFN-gamma is important for murine resistance to gastric, anorectal, and acute systemic candidiasis.
STIMULUS CONTROL OF THE PIGEON'S ABILITY TO PECK A MOVING TARGET

Two pigeons were trained to peck whichever of eight keys displayed a white field (SD). The other seven keys displayed a white "X" on a black background (S delta). Each peck to SD produced three-second access to grain, a three-second intertrial interval (ITI), and the next trial. Pecks to S delta produced a three-second timeout (TO) and the same trial. During later sessions the key displaying SD changed every t seconds (t = 3, 2, 1, .5, and .25 sec), requiring the birds to track the position of the SD. Pecks on a ninth key increased t. Several sessions employed novel stimuli to ascertain the controlling stimulus dimensions. Both birds made few errors acquiring the original discrimination. During the tracking sessions, both birds made few errors when t = .5 sec. Only one reliably lengthened t. Data from sessions with novel stimuli indicate that color and form were important aspects of SD and S delta respectively; movement contributed to the final performance.
Methionine-Aromatic Interactions in Calmodulin: A Replica Exchange MD and EPR Spectroscopy Study

Methionine oxidation introduces methionine-aromatic interactions that play a significant role in secondary structure conformation and stabilization. Calmodulin (CaM) contains nine methionine residues that function as targets of reversible oxidation, serving as a mechanism through which the cell senses and responds to oxidative stress. Replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations illustrated that methionine oxidatin of the N-terminal helix of CaM introduces two configurations that involve oxidized methionines at positions 144 and 145 interacting with tyrosine 138. As these configurations do not occur in the unoxidized helix, we propose the conformational change is induced by the stabilizing methionine-aromatic interaction. To verify the effect, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy performed with CaM at submicromolar [Ca2+] with probes near the residues of interest revealed two populations in the oxidized sample and only one in the unoxidized sample, agreeing well with the simulation and indicating that oxidation is responsible for a stabile conformational shift. This conformational change induced by the noncovalent interaction between oxidized methionine and tyrosine's aromatic ring could be the mechanism by which CaM responds to changes in the redox environment in a reversible manner.
Ultrasonic tissue characterization using a generalized Nakagami model

The statistics of the backscattered ultrasonic echo from tissue have been described using Rayleigh, K, and Nakagami distributions. The Nakagami and K distributions, each with two parameters, can model the envelope reasonably well. However, a three-parameter distribution is likely to match the envelope of the backscattered echo much better than these two-parameter distributions. Starting with the Nakagami distribution and including an additional parameter to account for the tails of the density function, a generalized Nakagami distribution has been derived. Computer simulation of A-scans and analysis of data collected from tissue-mimicking phantoms show that the generalized Nakagami distribution fits the statistics of the echo of the envelope better than the Nakagami distribution. The parameters of the generalized Nakagami distribution appear to be far more sensitive to the scattering conditions than the parameters of the Nakagami distribution.
EMC information sharing: direct access to MVS data from UNIX and NT

In this extended abstract we briefly describe EMC's information sharing technology that enables UNIX and NT systems to directly access MVS mainframe datasets and how this technology can be used to directly access an MVS DB2 database.
Splenic artery embolization prior to splenectomy in end-stage polycythemia vera

A patient with polycythemia rubra vera and myeloid metaplasia required splenectomy because of local symptoms attributable to a massively enlarged spleen. Preoperative embolization of the splenic circulation with inert materials was performed to reduce splenic size and vascularity in order to permit safe splenectomy. This case illustrates the utility of preoperative splenic embolization when routine splenectomy is contraindicated for technical reasons. The hazards of this technique and guidelines for its clinical use are outlined.
Are Psychiatric Disorders “Real”?

Psychiatry is dismissed as a medical specialty by some physicians because many of the disorders in its domain have yet to be consistently associated with organ pathology. Critics with a sociologic bent add that psychiatrists misuse medical authority to apply the label “sick” to deviant behaviour which is offensive to community standards. By labelling deviance as a medical disorder, they argue, patients are stripped of the dignity of personal responsibility for their actions and, authorities justify police action by the state to restrict their liberties. Both groups of critics take psychiatric disorders to be less “real” than medical or surgical ones because structural or biochemical defects underlying the pathological behaviour have not yet been demonstrated. The inference is that, were there to be such evidence, the attribution of illness would take on a qualitatively different character.
“Tria Quippe Distinguit Iudicia…” A Note on Innocent III's Decretal Per Venerabilem

IN 1202 Count William of Montpellier persuaded the archbishop of Arles to intercede with the pope concerning the legitimization of the count's bastard children. It was not that he wanted his boys to be eligible to become priests, the usual reason for a papal dispensation ex defectu natalium; the count was anxious that his children should enjoy all the rights of legitimate offspring in the temporal sphere as well. Pope Innocent III had recently granted this privilege to the children of King Philip II by Agnes de Meran, and Count William hoped to obtain a similar favor. The pope refused this request. He had just reached an agreement with Philip about the king's matrimonial difficulties and no doubt did not wish to provoke him anew by an officious intervention in a case that evidently pertained to the royal jurisdiction. But Innocent III was not content to leave the matter at that. He wanted there to be no doubt that the pope did have extensive powers in secular affairs even though he was not choosing to exercise them in this particular case. Hence his reply to Count William was cast in the form of the famous decretal Per Venerabileml in which Innocent took advantage of this relatively trivial occasion to inject into the mainstream of mediaeval canon law a series of far-reaching pronouncements concerning the juridical rights of the pope in secular disputes. The decretal was included first in the unofficial compilation of Alanus2 and then in the officially promulgated collection of canons known as the Compilatio Tertia.3 Innocent ensured that no jot or tittle of his carefully chosen terminology should pass into oblivion or lack adequate canonistic exegesis when he sent a copy of this compilation to the university of Bologna with instructions that henceforward it was to be used "tam in iudiciis quam in scholis."4 The pope's phrases were indeed discussed eagerly in the schools by generations of mediaeval canonists; more recently their implications have been debated with almost equal vigor by modern historians.
Migrating Multiples And Primaries In CDP Data By Crosscorrelogram MIgration

Interest in multiple attenuation has been rejuvenated due to the industry trend toward more challenging plays such as deepwater, subsalt and sub-basalt areas. Consequently, many methods have been presented to remove multiples. The basic viewpoint of these methods is that the primaries are signal and multiples are noise. Here, multiples are considered as signal and migrated by the crosscorrelation migration method (Schuster and Rickett, 2000). The crosscorrelation migration method is used to migrate the multiples and primaries in crosscorrelated CDP data and stack the images together to reinforce the reflectivity images. Results for synthetic data associated with layered models show that, in principle, crosscorrelation migration of multiples can be eective and thus the quality of the primary migration image can be enhanced. Preliminary results with the SEG/EAGE salt model show that by combining the crosscorrelation migration and Kirchho migration images the true reflectors are enhanced and the artifacts caused by free-surface multiples are attenuateds. However, further work is needed to attack the high-order multiples, internal multiples, and the artifacts from crosscorrelation migration.
Gene-Environment Interactions and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Exploring the Role of Maternal Folate Genes and Folic Acid Fortification

Few studies have evaluated the interaction of folic acid fortification and folate metabolic genes on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because folate status is influenced by both intake and genetic variation, the objective of this study was to explore maternal folate metabolic gene-folic acid fortification interactions and the risk of childhood ALL. The study population consisted of 120 ALL case-parent triads recruited from Texas Children's Cancer Center between 2003 and 2010. For this analysis, we focused on 13 maternal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR). Prefortification was defined as delivery before January 1997 and postfortification as delivery in or after January 1997. We used a two-step approach to evaluate gene-environment interactions. First, a case-only approach was used, as this design provides greater power in the assessment of gene-environment interactions compared to other approaches. Second, we conf...
Effects of physical aging on long term creep of polymers and polymer matrix composites

For many polymeric materials in use below the glass transition temperature, the long term viscoelastic behavior is greatly affected by physical aging. To use polymer matrix composites as critical structural components in existing and novel technological applications, this long term behavior of the material system must be understood. Towards that end, this study applied the concepts governing the mechanics of physical aging in a consistent manner to the study of laminated composite systems. Even in fiber-dominated lay-ups the effects of physical aging are found to be important in the long-term behavior of the composite. The basic concepts describing physical aging of polymers are discussed. Several aspects of physical aging which have not been previously documented are also explored in this study, namely the effects of aging into equilibrium and a relationship to the time-temperature shift factor. The physical aging theory is then extended to develop the long-term compliance/modulus of a single lamina with varying fiber orientation. The latter is then built into classical lamination theory to predict long-time response of general oriented lamina and laminates. It is illustrated that the long term response can be counterintuitive, stressing the need for consistent modeling efforts to make long term predictions of laminates to be used in structural situations.
The 'Mere-Reminder' Effect of Salient Calorie Labeling

Calorie labeling, an increasingly common policy intervention, has had mixed effects on consumer food choices. We show that visual salience of the calorie labels, rather than merely information content or format, is the key to reducing calorie. Our findings indicate that effective labeling, more visually salient than standard industry disclosures, works primarily as a reminder, by prompting people to consider nutrition rather than by providing new information. Both visually salient information and completely non-informative “mere reminders” to consider calories have similar effects on calorie choices, by making people more likely to incorporate their beliefs about nutrition into their decision. As a consequence, when consumers perceive high-calorie items as healthy, calorie labeling working as mere reminders will be less effective and can even backfire, leading to more choices of healthy-seeming high-calorie food options. The findings underscore the need for experimentally testing the psychological consequences of even ostensibly informational interventions.
Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons onto Natural Solids: Determination by Fluorescence Quenching Method

A fluorescence quenching method was used to determine the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) onto natural solids in batch experiments. This method is based upon the observation that PAHs fluoresce in aqueous solution but not when associated with natural solids. It avoids problems of incomplete solid-liquid separation. As natural solids, eleven different USEPA soils and sediments were used. Anthracene and 2-aminoanthracene, which are respectively non-ionic and ionic PAHs, were chosen as sorbates. The fractional decrease in fluorescence intensity as a function of added natural solid concentration is referred to as Stem-Volmer plots. The plots were linear for all natural solids investigated. The conditional sorption coefficients (K s c ) at pH 6 through 8 and I=0.1 M were obtained as the slopes of the plots. While the K s c values of anthracene were independent of pH, the values of 2-aminoanthracene decreased with increasing pH. The K s c values of anthracene correlated well with the organic carbon content of natural solids. However, the values of 2-aminoanthracene did not depend on the content of organic carbon in natural solids. For 2-aminoanthracene, inorganic matrices of the natural solids may contribute to the sorption.
The Effects of Low Back Pain on the Perception of Job Demands

Patients self-reports on job demands may be used in primary and secondary prevention. This study investigated the relationship between job demands rated by employees on sick leave due to acute/ sub-acute low back pain, active coworkers and supervisors. A 25-item questionnaire assessed exposure to physical and organizational job characteristics. A convenience sample from employees of public transportation and utility companies yielded 63 matched job profiles. The analysis examined agreement on rating of questionnaire items and job profiles.*** Test-retest studies showed that patients and non-patients were consistent in their rating (kappa 0.32–0.93). However, the raters assessed the job demands differently (ri 0.01–0.74). The differences among the raters were significant in 72% of the questionnaire items. Symptomatic individuals rated their jobs as being more demanding compared to their supervisors; workers' scores fall in between the two. This suggests that the non-specific low back pain influences the as...
Perfluorocyclobutyl polymer technology for integrated optics

Perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers have emerged as promising materials for a variety of lens structures, polymer optical fiber, and planar waveguide applications including thermo-optic and electro-optic devices.1-2 PFCB polymers are prepared by the free-radical mediated thermal cyclodimerization of aryl trifluorovinyl ether monomers (Scheme 1) from which a variety of thermally stable thermoplastic and thermosetting materials have been obtained with tailored optical properties. Recently we have focused on the random reactivity and stereorandom nature of the cyclodimerization mechanism to develop PFCB optical copolymers in an effort to optimize thermomechanical stability (Tg = 130-350 °C), processability, variable refractive index (1.45-1.6) and low loss (< 0.2 dB/cm) at 1550 nm. A versatile modular approach has been established which allows a wide-ranging choice of solution viscosity, thermal cure schedule, and ultimate molecular weight and degree of branching for linear versions or crosslink density for network systems. Copolymerization conversion, and thus viscoelastic properties and solubility, are precisely controlled by simple heating to a desired oligomeric architecture.
Consumer Processing of Product Trial and the Influence of Prior Advertising: A Structural Modeling Approach:

A major goal of this study is to develop and test a structural model of trial processing to help marketers and researchers better understand the dynamics of this important stage in the purchase pro...
Economic Relationships in the Decline of Feudalism: an Examination of Economic Interdependence and Social Change

The object of this study is theoretical rather than historical or narrative; it proposes an analysis of arguments, not a reconstruction of events. But to appraise the logic of historical arguments we must know something of the relationships between events. Hence we shall first examine an outline of what happened, and then schematize that outline in a way which will set in relief the temporal development of the principal relationships we shall need to examine. We will then consider three arguments which purport to account for these developments, and from the rejection of these arguments we shall advance a new theory, developed further in the next two chapters.
Major advantages and critical challenge for the proposed United States heart allocation system

The proposed new United States allocation system incorporates extensive research into an elegant plan designed to reduce wait list mortality while preserving post-transplant outcomes. All architects are to be congratulated. However, the future cannot be reliably modeled from the past as listing practices will evolve in response to new criteria. The new system should provide a major advance if and only if it is combined with a commitment to limit the number of listed patients overall and within each high priority status to the number that could reasonably undergo timely transplantation.
Cytogenetics and Polygenic Factor Analysis of 364 Female Children with Short Stature

Objective To explore the effect of chromosomal abnormality and polygenic inheritance factor in female children with short stature.Methods 1.Chromosome analysis:peripheral blood was drawn for 1 mL and cultured 72 h to analyze chromosome karyotype (Giemsa Banding ) of peripheral lymphocytes.2.Polygenic factor analysis:the children′s final height were estimated based on their parents average height,and analyzed the distribution characteristics of children′s final height and compared the estimate final height with the actual height.Results Eighty-three cases out of the 364 female children with short stature were chromosomal abnormality(22.80%).Among the 83 cases,the 45,XO and 46,X,i(Xq) occupied 70%.The distribution of children target height shifted left,and the target height of 76 cases was lower than 2 standard deviation (-2 s)and the consistency of target height and actual height reached 20.88%.The target height of 7 cases was lower than 2 standard deviation in those whose chromosome turned out to be abnormal,and the consistency of target height and actual height was 8.43%.Conclusions Chromosomal abnormality is one of the most important etiologic agents causing short stature in female children, and polygenic inheritance is another important etiologic agent.
Dyskaryosis in cervical cytology and its relationship to trichomoniasis therapy

One hundred and twenty women with a “Class IIR” report on routine screening in a Cervical Cancer Detection Program attended a dysplasia clinic where cytologic specimens, wet smears, and cultures were examined for the presence of trichomonads. All patients then received either metronidazole or a placebo and were re-evaluated after therapy. The prevalence of trichomonads was the same in the study group (21.7 per cent) as in the general population (17.6 per cent) as measured by Papanicolaou smear identification. Prevalence as measured by culture revealed trichomonads in 70.6 per cent of the study group; a false negative rate for the wet smear or Papanicolaou smear of about 60 per cent was observed. Metronidazole was anly 24 Per cent effective in eliminating trichomonads as measured by culture. About half of the study group reverted to Class I or II cytology regardless of the presence or absence of trichomonads, and regardless of metronidazole therapy. The conclusion drawn is that trichomonads are not a significant factor in the natural history of dyskaryotic cells in the uterine cervix.
Past and Present Ideas About How the Visual Scene Is Analyzed by the Brain

The dominant view during the past 40 years has been that the visual system analyzes the visual scene by breaking it down into basic attributes such as color, form, motion, depth, and texture. It was proposed that individual, dedicated neurons and specific visual areas are devoted to the analysis of each of these attributes. Current research has challenged these views by emphasizing that neurons, especially in the cortex, have multifunctional properties and therefore serve as general-purpose analyzers rather than feature detectors. Consequently it appears that most extrastriate visual areas, rather than each being devoted to the analysis of a specific basic visual attribute, perform several different tasks and thereby engage in more advanced and complex analyses than had been realized.
Co-construction of meaning, creative processes and digital curation: The transmission of music with live electronics

Purpose – The preservation and curation of music with real-time or live electronics is challenging. The goal is not to preserve a recording of the performance but to keep the work alive by providing the means to re-perform them. The purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical and practical outcomes of the documentation, dissemination and preservation of compositions with real-time electronics (DiP-CoRE) project. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology combines methods stemming from work psychology and ergonomics with conceptual frameworks constructed according to grounded theory. Data were collected during a six months’ creative process. Subsequent interviews were conducted during confrontations with documents, including observational recordings, sketches and technical specifications. Findings – This paper demonstrates the relevance of the proposed documentation methodology for the preservation of contemporary music with live electronics, focussing on the notion of intelligibility. It brings...
ASR/DEF related expansion in structural concrete: Model development and validation

Abstract There is a dearth for practice-based approaches to model ASR/DEF related expansion in reinforced concrete. A minimalist semi-empirical model is developed to simulate ASR/DEF induced expansion strains in reinforced concrete. The model accounts for the reinforcement ratio, the effects of externally applied compressive and tensile loads, and the variation in temperature and moisture, thus expanding the applicability of the proposed model to concrete structures exposed to field conditions. The modeled longitudinal and transverse expansion strains compare well with the measured expansion strain data from small-scale laboratory specimens, and large-scale spliced column specimens exhibiting ASR/DEF related expansion.
Subjektivierendes Arbeitshandeln in der Entwicklung

Die Tatigkeit von technischen Fachkraften und Ingenieuren zahlt zur vorwiegend geistigen, wissensintensiven Arbeit. Technische Fachkrafte in der Entwicklung handeln in hohem Mase technisch-wissenschaftlich fundiert und planmasig-rational. Wissenschaftlich fundiertes und systematisches Fachwissen sowie die Fahigkeit zu logisch-abstraktem Denken gelten daher als wichtige Grundlagen der Tatigkeit von technischen Fachkraften.
Acetylation Enhances TET2 Function in Protecting against Abnormal DNA Methylation during Oxidative Stress

TET proteins, by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), are hypothesized, but not directly shown, to protect promoter CpG islands (CGIs) against abnormal DNA methylation (DNAm) in cancer. We define such a protective role linked to DNA damage from oxidative stress (OS) known to induce this abnormality. TET2 removes aberrant DNAm during OS through interacting with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in a "Yin-Yang" complex targeted to chromatin and enhanced by p300 mediated TET2 acetylation. Abnormal gains of DNAm and 5hmC occur simultaneously in OS, and knocking down TET2 dynamically alters this balance by enhancing 5mC and reducing 5hmC. TET2 reduction results in hypermethylation of promoter CGIs and enhancers in loci largely overlapping with those induced by OS. Thus, TET2 indeed may protect against abnormal, cancer DNAm in a manner linked to DNA damage.
Microglia density decreases in the rat rostral nucleus of the solitary tract across development and increases in an age-dependent manner following denervation

Microglia are critical for developmental pruning and immune response to injury, and are implicated in facilitating neural plasticity. The rodent gustatory system is highly plastic, particularly during development, and outcomes following nerve injury are more severe in developing animals. The mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity in the taste system are largely unknown, making microglia an attractive candidate. To better elucidate microglia's role in the taste system, we examined these cells in the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNTS) during normal development and following transection of the chorda tympani taste nerve (CTX). Rats aged 5, 10, 25, or 50days received unilateral CTX or no surgery and were sacrificed four days later. Brain tissue was stained for Iba1 or CD68, and both the density and morphology of microglia were assessed on the intact and transected sides of the rNTS. We found that the intact rNTS of neonatal rats (9-14days) shows a high density of microglia, most of which appear reactive. By 29days of age, microglia density significantly decreased to levels not significantly different from adults and microglia morphology had matured, with most cells appearing ramified. CD68-negative microglia density increased following CTX and was most pronounced for juvenile and adult rats. Our results show that microglia density is highest during times of normal gustatory afferent pruning. Furthermore, the quantity of the microglia response is higher in the mature system than in neonates. These findings link increased microglia presence with instances of normal developmental and injury induced alterations in the rNTS.
Cooking the Books: The Ethical Implication of Performance Management on Timely Services for Veterans

The integrity of the performance reform movement is vulnerable to manipulation because of strains on the principal–agent relationship, yet the quality of performance reforms has been understudied. This case study assesses performance reforms by examining the Veterans Health Administration’s development and implementation of a measure of timely medical services for veterans. The analysis reveals that ambitious goals and underdeveloped training programs contributed to unethical actions and data manipulation. Investments in elements crucial to a successful principal–agent relationship and performance measures accounting for ethical behavior could result in more meaningful uses of performance reforms.
A role for BRG1 in the regulation of genes required for development of the lymphatic system

Lymphatic vasculature is an important part of the cardiovascular system with multiple functions, including regulation of the return of interstitial fluid (lymph) to the bloodstream, immune responses, and fat absorption. Consequently, lymphatic vasculature defects are involved in many pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and lymphedema. BRG1 is an important player in the developmental window when the lymphatic system is initiated. In the current study, we used tamoxifen inducible Rosa26CreERT2-BRG1floxed/floxed mice that allowed temporal analysis of the impact of BRG1 inactivation in the embryo. The BRG1floxed/floxed/Cre-TM embryos exhibited edema and hemorrhage at embryonic day-13 and began to die. BRG1 deficient embryos had abnormal lymphatic sac linings with fewer LYVE1 positive lymphatic endothelial cells. Indeed, loss of BRG1 attenuated expression of a subset of lymphatic genes in-vivo. Furthermore, BRG1 binds at the promoters of COUP-TFII and LYVE1, suggesting that BRG1 modulates expression of these genes in the developing embryos. Conversely, re-expression of BRG1 in cells lacking endogenous BRG1 resulted in induction of lymphatic gene expression in-vitro, suggesting that BRG1 was both required and sufficient for lymphatic gene expression. These studies provide important insights into intrinsic regulation of BRG1-mediated lymphatic-gene expression, and further an understanding of lymphatic gene dysregulation in lymphedema and other disease conditions.
Crash and Learn: Consumption Externalities and the Reduction of Aircraft Accidents

We learn about a product's safety profile through the experience of others. Because adverse effects are more likely to be discovered the greater the users of a product, consumption of potentially dangerous products generates a positive externality. The obvious problem in estimating consumption externalities in safety is that if there are consumption externalities greater consumption makes products safer. But consumers prefer safer products so safer products are likely to be consumed by more people. So is greater consumption a cause of safety, an effect of safety, or both a cause and effect? We take advantage of a quasi-experiment to estimate the effect of consumption externalities on safety by estimating the impact of a change in consumer preferences for safety generated by a ban on the right to sue the product's manufacturer. In 1994 congress passed the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA). GARA cut off the right to sue the manufacturer of any plane 18 years or older. The law effectively moved any general aviation aircraft over 18 years of age from a regime of strict liability to one of no liability. A well known result from models of liability is that a move from strict liability to no liability increases consumer investments in safety. We find that the probability of an aircraft accident falls the more aircraft in the same consumption group that are not covered by liability.
Exploring the Role of Carbonate in the Formation of an Organomanganese Tetramer.

The formation of metal–oxygen clusters is an important chemical transformation in biology and catalysis. For example, the biosynthesis of the oxygen-evolving complex in the enzyme photosystem II is a complicated stepwise process that assembles a catalytically active cluster. Herein we describe the role that carbonato ligands have in the formation of the known tetrameric complex [Mn(CO)3(μ3-OH)]4 (1). Complex 1 is synthesized in one step via the treatment of Mn2(CO)10 with excess Me3NO·2H2O. Alternatively, when anhydrous Me3NO is used, an OH-free synthetic intermediate (2) with carbonato ligands is produced. Complex 2 produces carbon dioxide, Me3NO·2H2O, and 1 when treated with water. Labeling studies reveal that the μ3-OH ligands in 1 are derived from the water and possibly the carbonato ligands in 2.
The role of neutrophils during Orientia infection.

Scrub typhus is a seriously neglected disease with approximately one-third of the world’s population at risk of being infected with Orientia tsutsugamushi , and the occurrence of over one million scrub typhus cases annually illustrate its importance in global health. All scrub typhus case studies that report blood cell counts, describe neutrophilia during the course of infection. Patients with confirmed scrub typhus have significant increases in activated neutrophil proteins in serum, and the increase of neutrophil recruiting cytokines. We also observed neutrophilia as well as neutrophil recruitment to infected tissues in intravenously infected mice, suggesting key role for neutrophils in scrub typhus disease progression. To determine the role of neutrophils in this infection, female C57BL/6 mice were lethally challenged, and neutrophils were depleted one day prior to infection (D−1) or six (D+6) days post infection. The effects of neutrophil depletion were observed to be dependent on the time post infection. Animals depleted early (D-1) exhibited more severe pathology at an earlier time point and had disease progression similar to non-depleted animals but had greater survival. Animals depleted 6 dpi recovered weight, and signs of illness had resolved by 12 dpi. Histopathology demonstrated decreased cellular infiltrates when compared to infected, non-depleted animals. Depletion of neutrophils decreased mortality independent of when depleted, but only depletion 6 dpi resulted in amelioration of signs. These data suggest an important role of neutrophils in tissue pathology and disease progression during scrub typhus infection.
Temporal Bone Fracture Requiring Facial Nerve Decompression or Repair

Facial nerve paralysis is one of the complications with temporal bone fractures. Although most are treated medically with observation and steroids, we review the indications and surgical approaches to the facial nerve along its course within the temporal bone. It is important to get an examination as early as possible to determine immediate vs delayed, and complete vs incomplete paralysis. Patients with immediate onset, complete facial nerve paralysis should receive electrodiagnostic testing 3-7 days after onset, to allow for Wallerian degeneration. If there is >90% electroneuronography degeneration within 6 days or >95% degeneration within 14 days, surgical exploration is recommended. Exact surgical timing for decompression is controversial and definitive data is lacking but some authors have had success even beyond 2 months postinjury and the risks and benefits should always be discussed with each patient. The approach for surgical decompression of the facial nerve should be based on the site of injury, if discernible, but most commonly involves transmastoid, middle fossa craniotomy, or a combination of these approaches. The perigeniculate region is the most commonly injured portion of the facial nerve with temporal bone fractures. If a transection is encountered, the nerve should be repaired by either primary nerve repair if tension free, otherwise a secondary repair with a cable graft should be performed.
Numerical Modeling of Sheet Forming Processes for Thermoplastic Composites

A numerical technique is proposed to simulate the forming of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets. The material primarily considered is a composite system consisting of aligned, long discontinuous fibers in a thermoplastic matrix. This composite is described at its forming temperature as an oriented assembly of discontinuous fibers suspended in a viscous matrix and the constitutive equation for an equivalent, viscous anisotropic medium is employed. The finite-element technique with viscous shell model originally developed for large plastic deformation of metal sheet is adapted to the case of highly anisotropic materials and fiber orientation change during the forming process is taken into consideration. The simulation of off axis tensile testing and sheet bulging are presented. A methodology for adapting existing finite-element programs to model various sheet forming processes for advanced thermoplastic composites is developed.
Ventilatory Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Purpose: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurobehavioral disorder presenting hypothalamic dysfunction and adiposity. At rest, PWS exhibits hypoventilation with hypercapnia. We characterized ventilatory responses in children with PWS during exercise. Methods: Participants were children aged 7–12 years with PWS (n = 8) and without PWS with normal weight (NW; n = 9, body mass index ≤ 85th percentile) or obesity (n = 9, body mass index ≥ 95th percentile). Participants completed three 5-minute ambulatory bouts at 3.2, 4.0, and 4.8 km/h. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation, breathing frequency, and tidal volume were recorded. Results: PWS had slightly higher oxygen uptake (L/min) at 3.2 km/h [0.65 (0.46–1.01) vs 0.49 (0.34–0.83)] and at 4.8 km/h [0.89 (0.62–1.20) vs 0.63 (0.45–0.97)] than NW. PWS had higher ventilation (L/min) at 3.2 km/h [16.2 (13.0–26.5) vs 11.5 (8.4–17.5)], at 4.0 km/h [16.4 (13.9–27.9) vs 12.7 (10.3–19.5)], and at 4.8 km/h [19.7 (17.4–31.8) vs 15.2 (9.5–21.6)] than NW...
Selective and confidential message exchange in vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks are a promising and increasingly important paradigm. Their applications range from safety enhancement to mobile entertainment services. However, their deployment requires several security issues to be resolved, particularly, since they rely on insecure wireless communication. In this paper, we propose a cryptographic-based access control framework for vehicles to securely exchange messages in a controlled fashion by integrating moving object modeling techniques with cryptographic policies.
Shock Compaction of Molybdenum Powder

Incident shocks varying from 9 to 12 GPa and 2 µs duration, impinging on porous pure Mo (100 µm) powder of distension 1.4, are found to produce compacts of at least 99.4% of crystal density. Although recovered samples are consolidated and exhibit diamond pyramid hardness of ~330 to 400, the particles do not appear to be well bonded. Among several possible models for producing a melt layer on particles vie propose a dynamic frictional model. The shock pressures required to produce a ~1 µm film of molten material as a result of dynamic friction varies from 11 to 108 GPa for grain sizes of 100 to 10 µm.