cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in Disparities in Stage of Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Pennsylvania After the Affordable Care Act.

Background: This study sought to determine if increased access to health insurance following the Affordable Care Act (ACA) resulted in an increased proportion of early-stage breast cancer diagnosis...
First-Degree Heart Block: The Guiding Light to Discovering an Aortic Root Abscess.

Minor conduction abnormalities such as first-degree heart blocks are generally overlooked on electrocardiogram (EKG) as their impact on clinical management is usually not substantial. However, they can be an important screening tool for early diagnosis of infective endocarditis (IE) and associated perivalvular complications, especially in patients with surgical valve replacements. This case report describes a 58-year-old male with a past medical history of bicuspid aortic valve status post replacement five years prior to presentation who initially presented with presumed symptoms of a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) and later developed chest pain and shortness of breath. He showed no initial signs of infection including negative blood and urine cultures. EKG showed new onset prolonged PR interval. He then underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) which showed prosthetic valve dysfunction and subsequently underwent transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) which revealed vegetations on all leaflets and circumferential peri-aortic abscess encompassing both coronary ostia and extending towards the tricuspid and mitral valve leaflets. The patient then underwent redo-sternotomy for dissection of mediastinal adhesions, extraction of the aortic bio-prosthesis, and debridement of the aortic root abscess. The aortic root was replaced with a homograft and the valve cultures were positive for Enterococcus faecium. The patient developed complete heart block afterwards and received a permanent pacemaker; repeat cultures showed no further evidence of infection. This case report is presented to reiterate the importance of early detection of IE-related aortic valve abscess and their rare sequelae. Early screening for conduction abnormalities via EKG and subsequently a TEE can allow prompt identification and management of valvular abnormalities to prevent life-threatening complications and improve patient outcomes.
Functional Income Distribution and Its Role in Explaining Inequality1

This paper is motivated by two parallel trends at the center of the policy debate – the declining labor share of income and increasing income inequality. We use samples drawn from both household surveys and macroeconomic data, covering up to 93 advanced, emerging and developing countries between 1970 and 2013, and assess whether the declining labor share of income has been a key factor driving growing inequality. The major conclusion is that the most important determinant of income inequality is not the share of the labor income, but inequality in wages, which has increased notably in the recent past. Behind the increase in the dispersion of wages, we find that financial globalization has played an important role. Industry unionization, higher educational attainment and larger welfare states help reduce wage dispersion.
Imaging of neuroendocrine tumors: A pictorial review of the clinical value of different imaging modalities

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are multifaceted tumors occurring in a variety of organs and often present as metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Accurate staging is the most significant factor in therapy planning, but it remains a challenge. Imaging is established as the cornerstone for disease detection/diagnosis, staging, and follow up. To accurately assess and monitor tumor burden in patients with NETs, various imaging techniques have been developed and optimized. Current recommendations for the imaging of patients with NETs include a combination of both morphologic (or anatomic) and molecular imaging, but a final choice can be puzzling for clinicians. Recognizing that there is no uniform sequence consensus on the “best” imaging test, and the heterogeneity of technologic availability at different centers, we hope to provide a pictorial review of the different imaging techniques and their role and utility in management of patients with NETs, aimed to provide a practical guide for all clinicians.
Creating Ethical Compliance Systems in Marketing Organizations

Corporate America has become more concerned with ethics and compliance programs as a result of the passage of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO) of 1991. The FSGO make the organization liable for the illegal acts of individual employees. The organization can be fined and/or placed on organizational probation. The guidelines specify minimum standards of performance for organizations in supporting, developing, and implementing their ethics and organizational compliance initiatives. If the organization has been found to not maintain an effective compliance program and an employee engages in an act of antitrust, for example, the penalties can reach the maximum. The base range of penalties under the guidelines is $5,000 to $72,500,000. The FSGO establish seven key areas that organizations should consider including codes of ethics, ethics training, top level management support, adequate reporting mechanisms, care in delegation of discretionary authority in the organization, disciplinary mechanisms for offenders, and revision of the system as improvements can be made. The FSGO have had a enormous impact on organizations giving them an incentive to develop effective compliance programs. Until the passage of the FSGO, many large organizations such as Sony did not have organized, formal compliance programs or codes of ethics.
Differential Scattering Cross Sections for Rearrangement Collisions: Born Approximation

Let us calculate in some detail the differential scattering cross section for a rearrangement collision of the type 1 + (2, 3) → 2 + (1, 3), where the incident channel, particle 1 incident on the composite particle made of (2, 3), will be designated by the channel index, α, and the outgoing channel, with particle 2 leaving the composite system (1,3), will be designated by channel index, β. We will assume the spins of particles 1, 2, 3 (if any) need not be considered. The relative position vector and internal coordinate in channel α. are then and the reduced mass in channel α is and the incident . Similarly, with reduced mass in the β channel given by . To find the necessary scattering amplitude, we shall use the coordinate representation and calculate this through the second (or primed) form of eq. (23) of Chapter 48, which is appropriate for the β channel.
Chapter 1 Methods for Selecting and Studying Temperature-Sensitive Mutants ofBHK-21 Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter describes and evaluates the procedures employed in the past two years for isolating ts mutants of the hamster cell line BHK-21. The choice of the cell line to be used should be mainly determined by the type of studies that are to be carried out with the mutants. Selection for ts mutants relies on the possibility of finding conditions that are lethal for wild-type (wt) cells, but not for the mutants. The procedures include the shifting of the cells to 39°C, and applying the selective treatment. After a specific incubation time, the cells are shifted back to low temperature, after removal of the killing agent. These techniques demonstrate that ts mutants of mammalian cells can be obtained at a reasonable frequency, and that the mutants behave in a reproducible manner. Their reversion frequency is low, but can be increased by mutagens, suggesting that they derive from simple base substitutions. In addition, the mutations appear to be recessive, which supports the idea that they derive from alteration of proteins, which are functional at low, but not at high temperature.
A Strategy for Improving US Middle School Student Mathematics Word Problem Solving Performance

U.S. middle school students have difficulty understanding and solving mathematics word problems. Their mathematics performance on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMMS) is far below their international peers, and minority students are less likely than high socioeconomic status (SES) White/Asian students to be exposed to higher-level mathematics concepts. Research literature also indicates that when students use both In-School and Out-of-School knowledge and experiences to create authentic mathematics word problems, student achievement improves. This researcher developed a Strategy for improving mathematics problem solving performance and a Professional Development Model (PDM) to effectively implement the Strategy.
Multi-spectral imaging and linear unmixing add a whole new dimension to laser scanning fluorescence microscopy.

Multicolor fluorescence microscopy has become a popular way to discriminate between multiple proteins, organelles, or functions in a single cell or animal and can be used to approximate the physical relationships between individual proteins within the cell, for instance, by using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). These techniques have become invaluable to all biologists from cytogeneticists to zoologists. Resolving multiple, co-localized chromosome probes and individual fluorescent species in corals share the common problem of spectral overlap. Even in simple systems where two or three fluorochromes are used, spectral overlap or cross-talk can be difficult to eliminate, limiting the ability to distinguish one signal from another with any confidence. However, this problem is not unique to the biologist; geologists who use remote sensing techniques have been struggling with the problem for a long time. In fact, their problems are actually worse because many geological spectra are very similar and the number of possible spectral classes is much larger than the number of fluorescent probes in a biology experiment. Nonetheless, these issues have been tackled successfully, and biologists have recently begun to employ these methods to decipher multiple spectral signatures within cells and organisms, a process known as emission fingerprinting. Here, we review some approaches that have been used to enhance spectral resolution in fluorescence microscopy.
The development of equine immunity: Current knowledge on immunology in the young horse

Summary The development of equine immunity from the fetus to adulthood is complex. The foal's immune response and the immune mechanisms that they are equipped with, along with changes over the first months of life until the immune system becomes adult-like, are only partially understood. While several innate immune responses seem to be fully functional from birth, the onset of adaptive immune response is delayed. For some adaptive immune parameters, such as immunoglobin (Ig)G1, IgG3, IgG5 and IgA antibodies, the immune response starts before or at birth and matures within 3 months of life. Other antibody responses, such as IgG4, IgG7 and IgE production, slowly develop within the first year of life until they reach adult levels. Similar differences have been observed for adaptive T cell responses. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production by T helper 1 (Th1)-cells and cytotoxic T cells starts shortly after birth with low level production that gradually increases during the first year of life. In contrast, interleukin-4 (IL-4) produced by Th2-cells is almost undetectable in the first 3 months of life. These findings offer some explanation for the increased susceptibility of foals to certain pathogens such as Rhodococcus equi. The delay in Th-cell development and in particular Th2 immunity during the first months of life also provides an explanation for the reduced responsiveness of young horses to most traditional vaccines. In summary, all immune components of adult horses seem to exist in foals but the orchestrating and regulation of the immune response in immature horses is strikingly different. Young foals are fully competent and can perform certain immune responses but many mechanisms have yet to mature. Additional work is needed to improve our understanding of immunity and immune regulation in young horses, to identify the preferred immune pathways that they are using and ultimately provide new preventive strategies to protect against infectious disease.
Low loss photo-bleaching induced electro-optic polymer modulator in a guest-host system

Low loss photo-bleaching (PB) induced electro-optic (EO) polymer modulators are demonstrated based on an EO guest-host material. These new devices offer major advantages in fabrication and performance.
A routing-driven mapping for cellular-architecture FPGAs

In this paper a new technique for mapping digital circuits to fine-grain cellular-architecture FPGAs are presented. We will discuss the tree structures obtained by a new logic synthesis method. Tree restructuring method for routing-driven technology mapping will be shown. Initial results obtained are encouraging to carry further work in this direction. >
ALTERNATIVE DATA SOURCES AND DISCREPANT RESULTS IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES OF ESTROGENS AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER

Various retrospective case-control studies were performed in an attempt to elucidate problems with data collection bias and interpretation bias these authors felt were present in earlier studies. The 2 features of case-control studies to which little attention has been paid in previous studies and that can affect the odds ratio are: 1) self-selection of the people available for interviews and 2) disagreement between the data obtained by medical records and direct conversation. To assess these biases and their effects on the odds ratio 2 case-control studies of estrogen use and endometrial cancer were carried out. The following findings confirm the odds ratio bias problems in case-control study methodology: 1) when interviews were attempted with all patients fewer controls than cases were available; 2) in samples of cases from tumor registries more controls than cases had died before soliciting interviews and fewer control patients in general could be located; 3) when patients are sampled from a diagnostic data test registry more controls than cases refused to participate; 4) interview data concerning use of estrogen disagreed with medical records in 16% of patients--and among persons marked as nonusers in medical records more cases than controls were available for interview and thus for possible redesignation as users. All of these biases produce an artificial increase in the odds ratio when interview data and medical record data are combined; hence the odds radio for the association between estrogen use and endometrial cancer should be calculated separately for record and for interview data.
Sub-kelvin optical cooling of a micromechanical resonator

Using radiation forces, we demonstrate cooling of the vibrational mode of a micro-mechanical resonator made to support a tiny mirror of a resonator. Optical cooling to 135 ± 15 mK from room temperature is demonstrated.
EPR spin trapping of free radicals produced by bleomycin and ascorbate.

In the presence of ascorbate, bleomycin (BLM) is converted to a redox-inactive form that is incapable of inducing DNA strand scission. We have employed EPR spin trapping with 5,5-dimethylpyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) to examine free radical production during this process. The introduction of ascorbate to an Fe(III)BLM-DMPO system results in the formation of three EPR observable free radicals. One of these radicals is the resonance-stabilized ascorbate free radical (aH = 1.8 G) that is not spin trapped by DMPO; the other two are the result of DMPO spin trapping. These radicals appear to be two carbon-centered radicals, DMPO/•CR1, (aN1 = 15.75 G, aH1 = 22.30 G, aN/aH = 0.706) and DMPO/•CR2 (aN2 = 15.20 G, aH2 = 19.20 G, aN/aH = 0.79). Although it is not possible to identify the exact structures of the carbon-centered radicals that are spin trapped, the hyperfine splittings, as well as the aN/aH values, are characteristic of the presence of electron-withdrawing groups, such as the oxygen atom when attached to the...
Rereading the Maps of the Columbian Encounter

Abstract Maps of the Encounter have been judged by the agenda of a positivist geographical history seeking to reconstruct the pathways, landing places, and settlements of European explorers and discoverers. They were studied largely for their practical use as tools of navigation, as aids to wayfinding on land, as plans for new colonial fortifications and towns, or as public propaganda images to attract new settlers to America. This paper argues that Native American mapping belongs in the cartographic record of the Encounter, and that European maps of the period can be viewed as statements of territorial appropriation, cultural reproduction, or as devices by which a Native American presence could be silenced. Recent studies in anthropology, art history, and ethnohistory identify a corpus of indigenous maps that represent valid “alternative’ cartographies, different from European maps, yet important in the history of spatial representation. In Mesoamerica, further decoding of cartographic elements in the pr...
Enthalpy relaxation of the Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8 bulk metallic glass forming alloy

Abstract A new experimental method was developed to study the isothermal enthalpy relaxation kinetics below the glass transition region of bulk metallic glass forming alloys using differential scanning calorimetry. The method was applied to the Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8 alloy and the results reveal that the enthalpy relaxes in an Arrhenius-like fashion. The activation energy obtained from the Arrhenius fit is comparable to the activation energy required for the diffusion of the medium size atoms. This suggests that solid-state diffusion is the governing mechanism for the enthalpy relaxation process. The stretching exponents for the relaxation are close to unity, which indicates that this alloy is a rather strong glass former. This is confirmed by Vogel–Filcher–Tammany (VFT) fits of the heating rate dependence of the glass transition.
Arf and RhoA Regulate Both the Cytosolic and the Membrane-bound Phospholipase D from Human Placenta

In this paper we demonstrate for the first time that human placenta contains a cytosolic phospholipase D (PLD) activity. This activity had a pH optimum of 7.0 and was stimulated by PIP2 and inhibited by oleate. Furthermore, cytosolic PLD was stimulated by 30 microM GTP gamma S (6-14-fold) and by the small G proteins 1 microM mArf3 (2-fold) and 0.37 nM RhoA (2-fold). This is the first report to show RhoA activation of a cytosolic PLD. The activation by mArf3 was maintained after partial purification on DEAE Sepharose of the enzyme. We have previously reported the existence of a membrane-bound PLD from human placenta, which is stimulated by PIP2, but not by oleate (Vinggaard, A. M. & Hansen, H. S. (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1258, 169-176). Here we show that oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid both dose-dependently inhibited solubilized membrane PLD (65% inhibition at 4 mM), whereas stearic acid (4 mM) had no effect. Thus, the presence of double bonds in the fatty acid is important for the inhibitory effect. Furthermore, placental membrane PLD was activated by 30 microM GTP gamma S (4-fold) and by mArf3 (1 microM) and RhoA (0.37 nM) by a factor of 3 and 2, respectively. The solubilized membrane phospholipase D was partially purified to a basal specific activity of 25-37 nmol/min/mg. This preparation was devoid of endogenous RhoA and Arf and could not be stimulated by GTP gamma S. However, mArf3 (1 microM) still activated this partially purified membrane PLD, whereas RhoA (0.37 nM) was not able to activate this PLD fraction. In conclusion, our results suggest that the human placenta contains a PLD that is located both in the cytosol and the membranes, and that is activated by PIP2, mArf3 and RhoA but inhibited by oleate.
Doctors and torture.

Dr. Robert Jay Lifton writes that there is evidence that U.S. doctors, nurses, and medics have been complicit in torture and other illegal procedures in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay.
Arrested Histories: A Response to Françoise Davoine

This commentary examines the psychoanalytic drama narrated by Francoise Davoine in terms of the dream at its crossroads: a site within the analysis (and its dramatic narrative) in which the dead and the living change places and the untold stories of the patient's and analyst's mothers begin to emerge. Davoine's narrative recounts the emergence of a language in which the hidden stories become entangled with each other as well as the breakdown of signification in which an uninscribed history appears on the scene. Ultimately the analysis turns around an arrest of signification, a form of madness that reveals the violent history at the heart of the exchanges enacted in the analytic encounter. This is also the point, I suggest, at which the possibility of a new relation to history and a new form of address open up.
The Twilight of the Beijing Gendarmerie, 1900-1924:

The early-twentieth-century police of Beijing sprang not only from Japanese and European institutional models but also from the large Eight Banner and Green Standard Gendarmerie of the Qing era. The career of the gendarmerie, which had Ming dynasty and earlier roots and continued after the fall of the Qing until 1924, overlapped with that of the modern police for more than two decades. A significant number of individuals, including some leaders, were active in both forces simultaneously. Although the Qing-era capital cannot be called a “policed society” in all current senses of that term, the gendarmerie exercised considerable control. After 1900, this background sped the emergence of modern police in Beijing, a turn of events that contrasts sharply with contemporaneous urban history in Chengdu as reported by Kristin Stapleton.
Market Diversification and Social Benefits: Motivations of Farmers Participating in Farm to School Programs

Abstract Activists and academics are increasingly advocating for public procurement of locally grown food as a key market opportunity for farmers. In the United States, linking farmers directly with school cafeterias through farm to school programs are among the efforts that advocates say can provide a significant boost to rural economies. Through an empirical analysis of farmers' perspectives of farm to school programs, this paper explores why farmers participate in these efforts. The data presented are part of a larger study exploring the opportunities and challenges of farm to school programs located in the United States from the perspectives of farmers, food service professionals, and food distributors. Our findings suggest that farmers sold their products to schools for two primary reasons: to diversify their marketing strategies and to contribute to social benefits through direct action. The concepts of embeddedness, marketness, and economic instrumentalism provide a framework for understanding their participation in farm to school programs. Our findings also provide insight into the kind of support necessary to sustain long-term connections between farmers and school food service professionals. As advocates seek to institutionalize public procurement of locally grown foods, it is critical that farmers' needs and motivations are considered.
Recent advances in breeding for improving iron utilization by plants

Iron-chlorosis deficiency may occur when an iron-inefficient genotype is grown on calcareous soil. One way to correct the problem is to modify the genotype by plant breeding. Cultivars have been released for oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], dry bean (Phaseoulus vulgaris L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Progress is being made in peanut (Arachis hypogea L.), forage species such as clovers (Trifolium sp.) and bluestems (Botriochloa sp.), and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Screening of rootstocks is done on citrus (Citrus sp.), mango (Manguifera indica L.), and avocado (Persea americana Mill.).
Effects of chlorpromazine free radical on brain microsomal enzymes.

Abstract The inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine free radical on microsomal enzyme activities was compared using a deoxycholic acid-treated, rat brain microsomal fraction. The chlorpromazine-microsome mixture was exposed to ultraviolet light to obtain the chlorpromazine free radical-inhibited microsomal preparation. (Na+ + K+)-ATPase [Mg2+-dependent, (Na+ + K+) activated ATP phospho-hydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3] activity was the most sensitive to the inhibitory effect of chlorpromazine free radical among the enzyme activities studied. Cholinesterase (acetylcholine acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) activity was significantly less sensitive, and Mg2+-ATPase (Mg2+-dependent ATP phospho-hydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) and NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NADH: cytochrome c oxido-reductase, EC 1.6.2.1) activities were rather insensitive to chlorpromazine free radical. The inhibition of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and cholinesterase activities progressed even after the dissipation of chlorpromazine free radical, whereas the inhibition of less sensitive NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity did not progress with time. A non-enzymatic reduction of cytochrome c by chlorpromazine free radical was observed. We conclude that chlorpromazine free radical selectively inhibits microsomal enzymes, and the selectivity seems to depend on the difference in affinity of these enzymes for chlorpromazine free radical.
Compositional factors influencing cell surface hydrophobicity ofPasteurella multocida variants

The influence of macromolecules other than lipopolysaccharide on the hydrophobic properties ofPasteurella multocida was investigated by assessing cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) after experimentally modifying surfaces of various strains. CSH of hydrophobic variants was enhanced by growth on blood-supplemented medium and mechanical shearing, whereas chloramphenicol, oxytetracycline, trypsin, and pronase E treatments decreased CSH. No such modifications were observed for hydrophilic strains. Microscopic observations revealed hydrophilic strains to be heavily encapsulated in contrast to hydrophobic strains. Repeated subculturing reduced encapsulation with a concomitant increase in CSH for one hydrophilic strain while exerting no changes in the other hydrophilic strain examined. Hyaluronidase removal of capsular material from a serotype A strain resulted in increased CSH; subsequent exposure to pronase E resulted in partial restoration of hydrophilicity. These data suggest the encapsulation of hydrophilicP. multocida strains masks a relatively hydrophobic surface that is conferred, at least in part, by the presence of one or more surface-exposed proteins common to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic variants.
A Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation of iron chromophore equivalence in three tetrairon clusters

Abstract The temperature dependence (1.6 to 300 K) of the zero field Mossbauer spectra of a series of tetrametal clusters demonstrates that the local iron environments are equivalent. Compounds investigated include the cubane-like Fe4[NO]4[μ3-S]4Fe4[NO]4((μ3-S))2(μ3NC(CH3)32) and the extensively studied black Roussin 's salt, NH4 [Fe4[NO]7(μ-S)3]. Two types of iron environments can be distinguished from the X-ray structures of the latter two compounds, leading to an expectation of four line Mossbuer spectra. However, least-squares analyses of the high resolution, zero-field spectra for all three compounds result tn a single quadrupole doublet with homer shifts ranging from 0.05 to 0.15 mm/sec and quadrupole splittings (at 78 K) of 1.46, 1,30 and 0.91 mm/sec, respectively. High field (0 to 60 kG) spectra of the three compounds are indicative of diamagnetic species The iron environments in the first two clusters exhibit axial symmetry (η = O) with Vzz negative while for Roussin 's salt η ∼ 1.
Sodium insertion into vanadium pentoxide in methanesulfonyl chloride-aluminum chloride ionic liquid

Abstract Methanesulfonyl chloride (MSC) forms a room temperature ionic liquid with AlCl 3 . The electrochemical properties of vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) films prepared by the sol–gel route were studied in this electrolyte. As a potential cathode, sodium is reversibly intercalated into the V 2 O 5 film up to a stoichiometry of 1.6 mole Na/mole V 2 O 5 (−1 V versus Al(III)/Al D Na + ) in the V 2 O 5 film was determined to be between 5E−14 and 9E−12 cm 2 /s using the potentiostatic intermittent-titration technique.
Freshwater floods drive salt into arid region aquifers

For people living in arid ecosystems, groundwater replenished during seasonal flooding is typically their most important source of freshwater. Yet these same floods may also be responsible for temporarily increasing the salinity of the vital freshwater stores, a relationship shown for the austral summer flooding of the Kuiseb River in Namibia. Between 2006 and 2008, Amiaz et al. recorded the effect of 12 floods on soil water storage, groundwater electrical conductivity (a measure of salinity), and solute movement throughout various layers of the subsurface along the river. The researchers' primary concern was understanding how soluble salts residing in the vadose zone, the subsurface layer that lies between the groundwater table and the surface, make their way into the aquifer.
Tensile strain and water vapor transport testing of flexible, conductive and transparent indium-zinc-oxide/silver/indium-zinc-oxide thin films

article i nfo Strain Toughness Adhesion Sputtering Laminate Thin film laminates composed of sputtered indium zinc oxide and silver, optimized for conductance and transparency, were tested for water vapor permeation as well as mechanical durability in tension. The ~82 nm thick optimized indium-zinc-oxide/silver/indium-zinc-oxide (IZO/Ag/IZO) films were N80% transparent in the visible range (400 nm-700 nm) with measured sheet resistances less than 5 Ω/sq. The water vapor permeation measurements using Ca test methods at several temperature/ humidity conditions indicated that the addition of the thin Ag layer provided little improvement relative to a single indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) layer of similar thickness.However, thecriticalstraininbending testsfor IZO/Ag/IZO films was improved compared to IZO films. The modulus (E~113 GPa), hardness (H~7 GPa), fracture toughness (KIC~1.1 MPa⋅m 0.5 ), and interfacial shear ("adhesion" )( τc~16 MPa) of/related to IZO, and measured by nanoindention are consistent with other brittle ceramic thin film materials.
Heat transfer correlations for vaporizing liquid droplet arrays in a high-temperature gas at intermediate Reynolds number

Abstract The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of droplet spacing on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of an individual droplet in a liquid fuel spray. The goal is to obtain a mathematical relationship between heat and mass transfer rates and local ambient properties which can be applied directly as an input for a complete liquid spray analysis. A three-droplet array in a cylindrical duct is used. The Navier-Stokes equations in vorticity-stream-function form and the energy equation are solved numerically by using a finite difference method with nonuniform cylindrical mesh. Nusselt number correlations for both the vaporizing and the nonvaporizing droplet array cases have been obtained.
Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of 1,3,3-Trinitroazetidine: Shock Tube Kinetics

Vapors of 1,3,3-trinitroazetidine (TNAZ) were pyrolyzed in a single-pulse shock tube, under high dilution in Ar, over the temperature range 750−1100 K (reflected shocks). The decay of TNAZ and the appearance of the reactive intermediate, NO2, were followed spectrophotometrically at 271 and 405 nm, respectively, in real time via a multiple-pass quartz extension of the shock tube terminus. Samples of the major products that were generated during 1.5 ms residence time and wave quenched were identified and quantitated by GC and FTIR. The unimolecular rate constant (high-pressure limit) for dissociation of TNAZ under our experimental conditions is kuni = 1013.96±0.63 exp[(−19900 ± 1190)/T], s-1. Successive fissions of NO2 groups were indicated by the time-dependent absorption levels at 405 nm. A gas-phase FTIR spectrum of TNAZ recorded at ∼110 °C provided the missing data for computing the thermochemical parameters for this compound. Then the partition of its decomposition products (minimal free energy) could ...
Levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in cultured skin fibroblasts from cystinotics and normals.

Abstract The activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) was determined in cultured skin fibroblasts initiated from normals and cystinotics. For the most part, fibroblasts cell lines from patients with nephropathic cystinosis had elevated levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase averaging 37.01 ± 5.88 (16 determinations) as compared with levels in cells from normals of 14.53 ± 1.43 (17 determinations) nanomoles p-nitroaniline released/hr/mg protein with glycylglycine as acceptor substrate. Enzymatic activities also were elevated in affected cells when cystine was the receptor substrate. Increased GGTP is not secondary to the abnormal amounts of intracellular free cystine since the depletion of the cystine pool did not affect the elevated transpeptidase levels. Whether the increased transpeptidase is closely related to the genetic basis for cystinosis, however, remains to be elucidated.
Christian ethics in a pluralistic society: towards a theology of compromise

This study aims at examining the way a Christian views hislher ethical values within the context of a postmodern society characterised by a plurality of moralities and religious convictions. This investigation begins with a look at the New Testament traditions with a view to inquiring whether there is such a thing as one 'Christian ethical system' that emerges from these texts which can be used as a ready-made formula for how one is to live in every given situation. The answer will be in the negative. Instead, it will show that ethics always operate in a challenging way. With this perspective in mind attention will be devoted to examining the Christian attitude toward the state and a pluralistic society. How does the Christian remain true to his/her ethical values in a pluralistic society? How do Christians interact with those who see things totally differently from themselves?
Pattern generation at the solidification front as examined from traces in the solid: Forbidden cells

Abstract Cellular patterns, generated in dilute alloys due to constitutional supercooling during the Bridgman growth process, may be caused to disappear by suitable annealing, either during the growth process, or separately. Such hexagonal cells were approximated as cylinders with original cell-wall solute concentrations given as δ-functions. Solutions of the diffusion equation were found for the solute concentrations at the cell boundary and at the cell center as functions of the time of anneal; the cell wall thickness was found as a function of the time of anneal as well. The effective time for diffusion during the growth anneal was estimated for the usual range of thermal gradients (taken as linear) which accompany cell formation during Bridgman growth. For fast diffusing solutes in Pb, such as Cu, Pd, Au, Ni, Zn, and Ag, this effective time is so long as to preclude survival of cells through the growth process; in fact, solute concentration gradients accompanying cell formation by such interstitial solutes in Pb are anihilated within 0.1 cm from the growth face. This survival distance as a function of growth conditions and diffusion parameters was approximated from the diffusion equation. Data from the literature for growth of eight binary allows are compared with the theory of annealing presented, and in general, agreement is found. Cells observed in a Pb-Tl alloy, grown at the composition of the liquidus maximum, which cells disappear in a post growth anneal, are judged to be theoretically anomalous.
Studies on the multiplication of lactic dehydrogenase elevating agents

Observations sur la multiplication de deux particules differentes de virus dans le serum de la sour's apres infection par l'agent de LDH. Le fait que la grande particule a disparu du serum sept semaines apres l'infection suggere que la petite particule est responsable de la viremie persistante et du taux eleve de l'enzyme dans le sang des animaux infectes.
Teaching about financial crises: a methodological approach

The recent financial crisis has prompted many business school leaders to reconsider the course content of their finance programmes. I argue that students would benefit from an understanding of how neoclassical and heterodox economists study the structure and function of financial systems. To accomplish this, the paper offers suggestions on how to incorporate these methodologies into the curriculum, and also provides strategies to obtain support from faculty who are unfamiliar with non-mainstream research techniques.
Pedagogical Knowledge Structures in Prospective Teachers: Relationships to Performance in a Teaching Methodology Course

Abstract The purpose of the article is to describe the relationships of prospective teachers' pedagogical knowledge structures to performance in a physical education teaching methods class. The Pathfinder network scaling algorithm was used to elicit knowledge structures prior to and after the prospective teachers completed the class. The findings indicated that their knowledge of key pedagogical concepts was more coherent and corresponded more closely to the instructor's following the courses. Student measures of correspondence and coherence before the class were not significantly correlated with course performance; however, following the class, correlations between these measures and course performance were significant. Additionally, university grade point average (GPA) was highly related to course performance variables and knowledge measures, whereas American College Test (ACT) scores were not. A follow-up investigation of a subset of students indicated that key pedagogical concepts were retained over a...
Piracetam in the treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly

Reisberg, B., S.H. Ferris, M.K. Schneck, J. Corwin, P. Mir, E. Friedman, K.A. Sherman, M. McCarthy, and R.T. Bartus: Piracetam in the treatment of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Drug Dev. Res. 2: 475–480, 1982. Piracetam (Nootropil, 2-oxopyrrolidone acetamide) has been extensively investigated for the treatment of cognitive impairment. Initial studies on normal subjects and patients with mild or moderate cognitive decline have been somewhat encoruaging. Accordingly, we conducted a further evaluation of the effects of piracetam in the treatment of elderly outpatients 60 to 85 years of age with mild to moderate memory impairment consistent with a diagnosis of Primary Degenerative Dementia (PDD). In our first study, we examined the effects of piracetam in 20 patients. All patients received 7.2 g of piracetam and placebo for 4 weeks in accordance with a double-blind, randomized treatment order, crossover design with 1-week washout periods prior to each crossover period. Hence, the total study period for each patient was 10 weeks (1-4-1-4). An analysis of 43 psychometric measures revealed significant improvement (P < 0.05) in only three measures, all favoring the treatment condition. Recent findings support a rationale for examining the effects of piracetam in conjunction with cholinergic precursors in patients with cognitive decline. In our second study we conducted a 1-week open trial of 1.6 g of piracetam t.i.d. in conjunction with 3 g of choline cholride t.i.d. in 15 patients. Four patients were rated as clinically improved. These “responders” were all subjects with moderate cognitive impairment. The responders showed much higher RBC choline levels than the nonresponders, both at baseline and during treatment. We conclude that the present evidence indicates that the effects of piracetam treatment alone in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate congnitive decline are subtle and not of proven clinical significance. However, studies of longer duration and of piracetam in combination with other agents may eventually show genuine clinical utility.
Architects and Artists in Mamluk Society: The Perspective of the Sources

Abstract This article analyzes the social standing of artists and architects during the Mamluk period. It shows that the majority had a rather modest status. Those few who achieved social recognition had to transform themselves intellectually and socially to move beyond the confines of small-time artisanal limitations. They had to become something else, in addition to being artists and architects, before they could be acknowledged. This, however, is not a specifically Mamluk attitude. All medieval cultures shared it. Our modern expectations are retroactively and anachronistically inflated by the unprecedented phenomenon of Renaissance Italy, when architects and artists became the model humanists.
Asteroid bodies and other cytoplasmic inclusions in necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia

Abstract Background: Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) with paraproteinemia is a distinctive palisading granuloma of the skin. Extracutaneous lesions are rarely present. Objective: The purpose of this study was to confirm the presence and significance of giant cell asteroid bodies and other cytoplasmic inclusions in NXG with paraproteinemia. Methods: Skin biopsy specimens from 24 patients with NXG with paraproteinemia were reviewed; autopsy and lung biopsy specimens from two patients were stained for iron, calcium, and polysaccharide. Results: Giant cell asteroid bodies were observed in skin biopsy specimens of 8 (33%) of the 24 patients. In addition, large acidophilic polygonal cytoplasmic inclusions were observed in myocardial tissue of one of the autopsy cases. Iron and calcium were not found. Conclusion: Asteroid bodies and other inclusions can be present in the giant cells of NXG with paraproteinemia. They are as frequent as, or more frequent than, in other granulomatous diseases and should be considered in the diagnosis of NXG with paraproteinemia.(J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:967-70.)
Deletion Mapping of N-terminal Domains of Surfactant Protein A: THE N-TERMINAL SEGMENT IS REQUIRED FOR PHOSPHOLIPID AGGREGATION AND SPECIFIC INHIBITION OF SURFACTANT SECRETION *

The objective of the current study was to examine the functional importance of the N-terminal domains of surfactant protein A (SP-A) including the N-terminal segment from Asn1 to Ala7 (denoted domain 1), the N-terminal portion of the collagen domain from Gly8 to Gly44 (domain 2), and the C-terminal portion of the collagen-like domain from Gly45 to Pro80 (domain 3). Wild type recombinant SP-A (SP-Ahyp; where hyp indicates hydroxyproline-deficient) and truncated mutant (TM) SP-As containing deletions of domain(s) 1 (TM1), 2 (TM2), 1 and 2 (TM1-2), and 1, 2, and 3 (TM1-2-3) were synthesized in insect cells and purified by mannose-Sepharose affinity chromatography. N-terminal disulfide-dependent dimerization was preserved at near wild type levels in the TM1-2 (at Cys-1) and TM2 proteins (at Cys-1 and Cys6), and to a lesser extent in TM1 (at Cys-1), but not in TM1-2-3. Cross-linking analyses demonstrated that the neck + CRD was sufficient for assembly of monomers into noncovalent trimers and that the N-terminal segment was required for the association of trimers to form higher oligomers. All TM proteins except TM1-2-3 bound to phospholipid, but only the N-terminal segment containing TM proteins aggregated phospholipid vesicles. The TM1, TM1-2, and TM2 but not the TM1-2-3 inhibited the secretion of surfactant from type II cells as effectively as SP-Ahyp, but the inhibitory activity of each mutant was blocked by excess alpha-methylmannoside and therefore nonspecific. TM1 and TM1-2-3 did not enhance the uptake of phospholipids by isolated type II cells, but the TM1-2 and TM2 had activities that were 72 and 83% of SP-Ahyp, respectively. We conclude the following for SP-A: 1) trimerization does not require the collagen-like region or interchain disulfide linkage; 2) the N-terminal portion of the collagen-like domain is required for specific inhibition of surfactant secretion but not for binding to liposomes or for enhanced uptake of phospholipids into type II cells; 3) N-terminal interchain disulfide linkage can functionally replace the N-terminal segment for lipid binding, receptor binding, and enhancement of lipid uptake; 4) the N-terminal segment is required for the association of trimeric subunits into higher oligomers, for phospholipid aggregation, and for specific inhibition of surfactant secretion and cannot be functionally replaced by disulfide linkage alone for these activities.
Crosstalk constrained global route embedding

Route Embedding, a new method for mitigating the impact of crosstalk, is presented. It modifies a set of global-route structures to prevent timing and noise-margin violations caused by crosstalk, while maintaining routing constraints. An accurate and computationally-efficient empirical model for crosstalk impact is presented which by capturing noise and delay-changes on coupled conductors, permits a performance-driven approach to addressing crosstalk. Linearized crosstalk constraints are derived and satisfied for the expected noise and wire-delays at critical signal sinks. Unsatisfied constraints are resolved by inserting ground shields and by selective re-route through uncongested regions. Routing capacity constraints are enforced to guarantee a detailed routing solution.
Interferometric measurement of heat transfer during melting from a vertical surface

1. .I. N. Cannon, W. B. Krantz, F. Kreith and D. Naot, A study of transpiration from porous flat plates simulating plant leaves. Ittt. J. Hertr hfm ‘I rcm~fcr 22. 469 +S? (1979). 2. .i 0. Hinze, 7‘urbulemv p. 167. McGraw-l-itli t19591 i <. C. Lin, Scufisfical T/work.5 of‘ Turhzrkr~~~ p 54 Princeton University Press (I961 1. 1. ). N. Cannon, A model study oft~nspirat~on from broad leaves, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Colorado (10?! )
Thalassemic splice repair, delivered

The thalassemias constitute one of the most common monogenic disorders and represent a heterogeneous group of anemias characterized by an absence or reduction of one or more of the globin-molecule subunits. The disorders result from a variety of mutations that affect every step of globin
EVIDENCE FOR DIFFERENT SITES OF ACTION OF RESERPINE AND GUANETHIDINE.

Isolated atria were obtained from guinea pigs pretreated with reserpine or guanethidine; the response of the atrial pacemaker to tyramine and the total norepinephrine content of the atria were determined. Twenty-four hours after pretreatment with doses of reserpine and guanethidine which were equieffective in depleting the norepinephrine stores, the response to tyramine of guanethidine-pretreated atria was smaller than that of reserpine-pretreated atria. The same relation between response to tyramine and norepinephrine content was observed during recovery from the depletory effect of a single injection of reserpine or guanethidine (i.e., 4–8 days after pretreatment).
Still Looking: Self-Love, Ethics, and Seeing Jewish

The photographs of Larry Sultan and Cindy Sherman, considered in the context of American Jewish identification, make a case for self-love as a part of seeing and performing Jewish.