cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The community mental health center management game: Teaching administrative skills by means of computer simulation

Clinical training in psychology rarely includes the opportunity for students to exercise managerial responsibility for a functioning human service organization. Nevertheless, many clinicians are called upon to assume such decision-making duties, despite their lack of administrative training. This study examines the feasibility of using a computer model of a typical Community Mental Health Center (CMHC) as a training device, permitting clinical students to “manage” a complex social agency over a course of many months of simulated time. The system provides a valuable and interesting supplement to the usual training materials in psychology programs.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ACETATE OXIDATION BY BACTERIA: V. EVIDENCE FOR THE PARTICIPATION OF FUMARATE, MALATE, AND OXALACETATE IN THE OXIDATION OF ACETIC ACID BY ESCHERICHIA COLI

1. Simultaneous oxidation of C(14)-methyl-labeled acetate, and unlabeled malate or fumarate and alpha-ketoglutarate results in entrapment of labeled carbon in the C(4)-dicarboxylic acids, but not in alpha-ketoglutarate, although all substrates are utilized at comparable rates. 2. A large endogenous reduction of all C(4)-dicarboxylic acids (fumarate, oxalacetate, and malate) to succinate is observed under aerobic conditions, and when vigorous oxidation is proceeding. This effect occurs with both freshly harvested young (18 hour) cells and stored (2 week) cells. 3. This reduction can be considerably minimized under high oxygen tensions. 4. The quantitative concordance of these results with a Thunberg-Knoop cyclic mechanism for acetate oxidation is shown. Possible alternative C(4) products formed prior to succinate are not completely excluded, but it appears that the cells can utilize the succinate condensation as a major pathway in acetate oxidation.
Synaptotagmin I stabilizes synaptic vesicles via its C(2)A polylysine motif.

Summary: The synaptic vesicle protein, synaptotagmin I, is a multifunctional protein required for several steps in the synaptic vesicle cycle. It is primarily composed of two calcium-binding domains, C2A and C2B. Within each of these domains, a polylysine motif has been identified that is proposed to mediate specific functions within the synaptic vesicle cycle. While the C2B polylysine motif plays an important role in synaptic transmission in vivo, the C2A polylysine motif has not previously been analyzed at an intact synapse. Here, we show that mutation of the C2A polylysine motif increases the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release in vivo. The increased frequency is not a developmental consequence of disrupted synaptic transmission, as evoked transmitter release is unimpaired in the mutants. Our results demonstrate that synaptotagmin I plays a direct role in regulating spontaneous transmitter release, indicative of an active role in synaptic vesicle stabilization mediated by the C2A polylysine motif. genesis 47:337–345, 2009. V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and Management of Severe Respiratory Acidosis: A 65-Year-Old Man With a Double-Lung Transplant and Shortness of Breath

Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a primary increase in whole-body carbon dioxide stores caused by a positive carbon dioxide balance. This acid-base disorder, if severe, may be life-threatening, therefore requiring prompt recognition and expert management. The case presented highlights the essential features of the diagnosis and management of respiratory acidosis. A brief description of the modifiers of carbon dioxide production, the pathogenesis of respiratory acidosis, and an algorithm for assessment and management of this disorder is included. Key teaching points include the clinical value of both arterial and venous blood gas analyses and the importance of proper recognition of a primary respiratory arrest in contrast to primary circulatory arrest when managing a patient who requires resuscitation from "cardiorespiratory arrest."
Optimal X-Ray Pulse Compression with Compact Nested Wire Arrays On Z

Summary form only given. Compact nested tungsten wire arrays operating in current transfer mode produce peak soft x-ray powers of 200 to 250 TW on the Z accelerator. Such arrays use outer (inner) array diameters of 20 (12) mm and also employ low density, 4 to 6 mm diameter CH2 foam pulse shaping targets on the axis. These are among the highest powers produced on Z, at any array diameter. Optimized single tungsten wire arrays produce peak powers of 160 TW at 20 mm diameter. These nested arrays also produce the narrowest x-ray bursts of any arrays on Z (1.9 to 2.5 ns) compared to 4 to 7 ns with single arrays. X-ray radiography at 6.151 keV is used to determine the mass density profile as a function of space and time. The density profiles are obtained from the radiographs via Abel inversion. These data indicate that the narrowing of the x-ray pulse of nested arrays is correlated to a narrowing of the measured spatial width of the mass distribution at the axis near stagnation. The nested mass distribution narrows as a result of three factors: (1) Current transfer mode operation allows the Magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT) perturbation and wavelength to be reset to smaller values at the time of current transfer to the inner array, consistent with an ablation phase of the inner wire array. The wavelength and amplitude of the outer array is not impressed on the inner at switching. The MRT wavelength and perturbation is reduced by a factor of ~3.4 compared to a single wire array when compared at the same implosion radius. (2) Current transfer mode allows the outer array mass to fill the interior of the inner wire array. Thus the MRT growth on the inner wire array is stabilized by mass accretion. (3) Finally, low-density axial foam targets also change the mass profile near the axis and further narrow the pulse through mass accretion. Such optimized nested arrays may permit a peak power of 100 TW in 5 ns width from a 10-mm diameter array. This more compact array would be compatible with driving a scale-0.6 double-ended hohlraum ICF concept, which would permit pulsed-power ignition with fusion yields of 50 MJ at half of the required facility energy storage of the scale-1.0 double-ended hohlraum design (400 MJ yields).
Influence of copper status on the response to acute ethanol exposure in rats.

An acute dose of ethanol was used to investigate the biochemical response of tissues with a compromised antioxidant defense system to a surge of oxygen radical production. The copper (Cu)-deficient rat served as the animal model for this study based on its compromised antioxidant defense system. Rats were fed control (10 μg Cu/g) or Cu-deficient (0.2 μg Cu/g) diet for 14 days. In order to minimize secondary effects associated with chronic Cu deficiency, the chelator triethylenetetramine was added to the Cu-deficient diet to shorten the time required for the induction of Cu deficiency. On day 14, rats were gavaged with ethanol (4.5 g/kg b.wt.) or saline and killed 9 hours postgavage. Rats fed the Cu-deficient diets had lower liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities than controls. Ethanol treatment had no effect on liver CuZnSOD or Gpx activity, while MnSOD activity was higher than saline control levels following EtOH treatment. Despite low GPx and SOD activity, Cu-deficient rats did not exhibit higher hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) than controls; in fact, hepatic microsomal TBARS were lower in saline-treated Cu-deficient rats relative to Cu-sufficient rats. Ethanol treatment resulted in higher whole homogenate and mitochondrial TBARS than in saline-gavaged rats. Copper status did not influence hepatic TBARS production in response to an acute EtOH load. These data suggest that compensatory mechanisms contribute to the protection of the liver from excessive free radical production in this model of Cu deficiency.
Geotropism: Its Orienting Force.

Seeds of Pisum sativum L. and other species were germinated and grown for five or more days on a continuously rotating vertical-axis turntable that developed a maximum centrifugal force of 1.79g. Shoot (epicotyl) orientation in darkness was parallel to the resultant gravitational field. This is presented as confirmation of the hypothesis that the orienting force of geotropism of the higher plants is the inertial force of gravity.
Comparison of in vivo effects of intravenous infusion ofN-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and phorbol myristate acetate in rabbits

Comparison of the physiologic responses in rabbits to the intravenous infusion of two polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activators,N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), has revealed marked differences in kinetics for activation between these agents. FMLP infusion was associated with maximally increased respiratory rates (RR), a maximally decreased mean blood pressure (MBP), and a maximally decreased absolute granulocyte count (AGC), all within the first 5 min after infusion. However, there were no significant differences between RR, MBP, and AGC of FMLP-treated animals and controls, 15 min postinfusion and after. On the other hand, PMA did not cause significant changes in RR or MBP until 30 min and 2 h postinfusion, respectively. Previous work has demonstrated that both FMLP and PMA stimulate the PMN metabolically in vitro via the same respiratory burst enzyme, NADPH oxidase, but that each of these activators demonstrates kinetics which are different from the other. Thus, these data from an in vivo study support previous in vitro findings and offer further evidence that the neutropenia and cardiopulmonary alterations following intravenous infusion of FMLP and PMA may be caused by metabolic activation of the blood PMN.
New Light on Mona Lisa: Leonardo's Optical Knowledge and His Choice of Lighting

Leonardo da Vinci's innovative handling of light and shade is well known. What has not been examined are the studio conditions and the optical knowledge that made his innovation possible. Leonardo's own journals provide sufficient data for reconstructing this information.The pupil of the eye dilates and contracts according to the brightness or the darkness of the objects in view and since it takes some time to dilate and contract it cannot see immediately on going from the light into the dark and, similarly, from the dark into the light, and this very thing once deceived me in painting an eye and from that I learned it.4
Blood levels, tissue distribution and the duration of action in rats of ciprofibrate, a new hypolipidemic agent

The blood levels, distribution and duration of action of ciprofibrate, an orally active hypolipidemic agent, was investigated in rats. Serum concentrations of 30 micrograms of ciprofibrate/ml are associated with significant reductions in both serum cholesterol and triglycerides in rats on a hyperlipidemic diet. Increasing the plasma concentrations of ciprofibrate to 69 micrograms/ml resulted in only a modest incremental reduction in serum lipids. The distribution of radioactivity from [14C]ciprofibrate within rat tissues was not affected by prior treatment for 14 days with ciprofibrate at either 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg/day. Varying the dosage regimen of ciprofibrate at 30 mg/kg, with medication at intervals of one, 2 or 3 days resulted in similar peak plasma levels of about 300 micrograms/ml, 4 h after medication. The half-life of ciprofibrate, during the terminal disposition phase, was about 82 h. Levels of serum cholesterol remained suppressed up to 3 days after medication with ciprofibrate was discontinued; triglyceride levels returned to control values more slowly.
Actuation and Control Strategies for Miniature Robotic Surgical Systems

During the past 20 years, tremendous advancements have been made in the fields of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and minimally invasive, robotically assisted (MIRA) cardiac surgery. Benefits from MIS include reduced pain and trauma, reduced risks of post-operative complications, shorter recovery times, and more aesthetically pleasing results. MIRA approaches have extended the capabilities of MIS by introducing three-dimensional vision, eliminating hand tremors, and enabling the precise articulation of smaller instruments. These advancements come with their own drawbacks, however. Robotic systems used in MIRA cardiac procedures are large, costly, and do not offer the miniaturized articulation necessary to facilitate tremendous advancements in MIS. This paper demonstrates that miniature actuation can overcome some of the limitations of current robotic systems by providing accurate, repeatable control of a small end effector. A 10× model of a two link surgical manipulator is developed, using antagonistic shape memory alloy wires as actuators, to simulate motions of a surgical end-effector. Artificial neural networks are used in conjunction with real-time visual feedback to learn the inverse system dynamics and control the manipulator endpoint trajectory. Experimental results are presented for indirect, on-line learning and control. Manipulator tip trajectories are shown to be accurate and repeatable to within 0.5 mm. These results confirm that SMAs can be effective actuators for miniature surgical robotic systems, and that intelligent control can lie used to accurately control the trajectory of these systems.
Majorana fermions in a tunable semiconductor device

The experimental realization of Majorana fermions presents an important problem due to their non-Abelian nature and potential exploitation for topological quantum computation. Very recently Sau et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 040502 (2010)] demonstrated that a topological superconducting phase supporting Majorana fermions can be realized using surprisingly conventional building blocks: a semiconductor quantum well coupled to an s-wave superconductor and a ferromagnetic insulator. Here we propose an alternative setup, wherein a topological superconducting phase is driven by applying an in-plane magnetic field to a (110)-grown semiconductor coupled only to an s-wave superconductor. This device offers a number of advantages, notably a simpler architecture and the ability to tune across a quantum phase transition into the topological superconducting state while still largely avoiding unwanted orbital effects. Experimental feasibility of both setups is discussed in some detail.
The Kink Band Mechanism for the Compressive Failure of Fiber Composite Materials

A simple strain-based yield/failure criterion for fiber composite materials is incorporated into a kink band analysis of compressive failure. Under realistic conditions of fiber misalignment the analysis predicts compressive failure at load levels about one-fifth of the ideal value, and with kink band inclinations of about 20 deg. Some parametric variations of the relevant physical variables are given in simple graphical forms, and comparisons are made with newly obtained micrographs of kink bands.
Soil nitrogen limitation does not impact nighttime water loss in Populus.

Summary Nighttime transpirational water loss from C3 trees occurs without carbon gain and is both common and substantial. However,themagnitudeofthis waterloss variesanda better understanding of the environmental factors driving this variation is needed. We investigated the response of nighttime conductance (gnight) and transpiration (Enight) to soil nitrogen limitation.Weusedinstantaneousgasexchangemeasurements in greenhouse studies of Populus angustifolia James (narrowleaf cottonwood)andPopulus balsamiferaL.spp.trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw (black cottonwood). gnight for sufficiently watered plants ranged from 0.045 to 0.308 mol m −2 s −1 for P. balsamifera and 0.037 to 0.188 mol m −2 s −1 for P. angustifolia, which was much larger than minimum leaf conductance (gmin; up to 0.005 mol m −2 s −1 in the dark). Long-term nitrogen limitation sufficient to substantially reduce biomass did not affect gnight or Enight when potentially confounding water stress effects were eliminated. We conclude that nighttime water loss from two Populus species is large and although it is under stomatal control is not regulated at night in response to soil nitrogen availability.
Precursor acquisition independent from ion count: how to dive deeper into the proteomics ocean.

Data-dependent precursor ion selection is widely used in shotgun proteomics to profile the protein components of complex samples. Although very popular, this bottom-up method presents major drawbacks in terms of detectable dynamic range. Here, we demonstrate the superior performance of a data-independent method we term precursor acquisition independent from ion count (PAcIFIC). Our results show that almost the entire, predicted, soluble bacterial proteome can be thoroughly analyzed by PAcIFIC without the need for any sample fractionation other than the C18-based liquid chromatograph used to introduce the peptide mixture into the mass spectrometer. Importantly, we also show that PAcIFIC provides unique performance for analysis of human plasma in terms of the number of proteins identified (746 at FDR ≤ 0.5%) and achieved dynamic range (8 orders of magnitude at FDR ≤ 0.5%), without any fractionation other than immuno-depletion of the seven most abundant proteins.
Life History of the Emerald Shiner, Notropis atherinoides, in Lewis and Clark Lake, South Dakota

Abstract The age, rate of growth, reproduction, feeding habits, and population dynamics of the emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) were studied from 10,375 fish collected in Lewis and Clark Lake, South Dakota. The population in this 28,000-acre reservoir consisted of four age groups dominated by young-of-the-year during the summer and fall and by age-group I during the spring and early summer. Age-group II was common only in the spring and early summer while age-group III was rarely encountered. Average lengths at first and second annulus formations were 66 and 84 mm. Females attained larger sizes than males after the first year. The spawning season extended from June through August. A rapid and precise method was devised for conducting food-habit determinations that could be analyzed statistically. Adult emerald shiners fed selectively on large zooplankton. A gradual change in young-of-the-year food habits was evident; fish smaller than 40 mm fed primarily on algae, whereas larger fish fed chiefly on ...
Filamentous Infestations Observed on Eggs and Larvae of Cultured Crustaceans1

A variety of filamentous microorganisms infesting eggs, larvae, and postlarval crustacea are described. The mode of action of some of these microorganisms are considered, and the consequences of specific therapy are discussed.
New synthetic routes to C-amino phosphorus ylides and their subsequent fragmentation into carbenes and phosphines.

Phosphonio-substituted aldiminium, iminium and imidazolidinium salts are readily prepared in excellent yields by addition of phosphines to Alder’s dimer, or by treatment of the corresponding chloro iminium salt with the in situ generated phosphine/trimethylsilyl triflate adduct. A two-electron reduction, using either potassium metal or tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene, leads to the corresponding C-amino phosphorus ylides. When basic phosphine fragments are used, the ylides can be isolated; otherwise they spontaneously undergo a fragmentation into carbene and phosphine. Although the reduction/fragmentation sequence occurs under mild conditions, this method is limited to the preparation of transient carbenes, due to the non-availability of sterically hindered dications, and consequently of phosphorus ylides bearing bulky carbon substituents. To overcome this difficulty, a second novel route to phosphorus ylides has been developed: The addition, at low temperature, of 2,4-di-tert-butyl-ortho-quinone to readily available C-amino phosphaalkenes. Provided the phosphorus atom bears either an amino or tert-butyl group, a [4+1]-cycloaddition occurs, and the resulting ylides spontaneously undergo a fragmentation into a dioxaphospholane and a spectroscopically observed carbene.
Behavioral activation in rats increases striatal dopamine metabolism measured by dialysis perfusion.

Abstract The dialysis perfusion method was used the effects of haloperidol, electrical brain stimulation, and behavioral activation on extracellular levels of dopamine metabolites in the rat striatum. Systemic administration of 0.2 mg/kg haloperidol increased extracellular levels of the metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by 2–3-fold. Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle also increased HVA levels in dialysis perfusates. Rats pressing a lever for food reward showed 10–40% increases in HVA and DOPAC levels that reached a maximum 30–120 min after the behavioral session. The magnitude of the increases in HVA levels were correlated with the number of lever press responses. Presentation of a single 45-mg food pellet every 30 s to food-deprived rats produced a variety of motor activities and also increased the concentration of extracellular HVA. The results of the behavioral experiments indicate that striatal dopamine neurons are activated during conditions that increase motor activity.
Active learning to maximize accuracy vs. effort in interactive information retrieval

We consider an interactive information retrieval task in which the user is interested in finding several to many relevant documents with minimal effort. Given an initial document ranking, user interaction with the system produces relevance feedback (RF) which the system then uses to revise the ranking. This interactive process repeats until the user terminates the search. To maximize accuracy relative to user effort, we propose an active learning strategy. At each iteration, the document whose relevance is maximally uncertain to the system is slotted high into the ranking in order to obtain user feedback for it. Simulated feedback on the Robust04 TREC collection shows our active learning approach dominates several standard RF baselines relative to the amount of feedback provided by the user. Evaluation on Robust04 under noisy feedback and on LETOR collections further demonstrate the effectiveness of active learning, as well as value of negative feedback in this task scenario.
Synthesis of Triamidoamine Ligands of the Type (ArylNHCH2CH2)3N and Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes That Contain an [(ArylNCH2CH2)3N]3- Ligand

Aryl bromides react with (H2NCH2CH2)3N in a reaction catalyzed by Pd2(dba)3 in the presence of BINAP and NaO-t-Bu to give the arylated derivatives (ArylNHCH2CH2)3N [Aryl = C6H5 (1a), 4-FC6H4 (1b), 4-t-BuC6H4 (1c), 3,5-Me2C6H3 (1d), 3,5-Ph2C6H3 (1e), 3,5-(4-t-BuC6H4)2C6H3 (1f), 2-MeC6H4 (1g), 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 (1h)]. Reactions between (ArNHCH2CH2)3N (Ar = C6H5, 4-FC6H4, 3,5-Me2C6H3, and 3,5-Ph2C6H3) and Mo(NMe2)4 in toluene at 70 °C lead to [(ArNHCH2CH2)3N]Mo(NMe2) complexes in yields ranging from 64 to 96%. Dimethylamido species (Ar = 4-FC6H4, 3,5-Me2C6H3) could be converted into paramagnetic [(ArNHCH2CH2)3N]MoCl species by treating them with 2,6-lutidinium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The “direct reaction” between 1a−f and MoCl4(THF)2 in THF followed by 3 equiv of MeMgCl yielded [(ArNHCH2CH2)3N]MoCl species (3a−f) in high yield. If 4 equiv of LiMe instead of MeMgCl are employed in the direct reaction, then [(ArNHCH2CH2)3N]MoMe species are formed. Tungsten species, [(ArNHCH2CH2)3N]WCl, could be prepared...
Blastocyst rate and live births from vitrification and slow-cooled two-cell mouse embryos.

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a closed vitrification system, compare vitrification to a slow-cooled cryopreservation method, and compare the pup rate between both methods using two-cell mouse embryos. Design Randomized, prospective animal study. Setting Hospital-based IVF practice. Animal(s) B6C3F1 mouse embryos. Intervention(s) Two-cell mouse embryos were cryopreserved using a slow-cooled or vitrification method and then thawed at a later date. The embryos were cultured and transferred to recipient females. Main Outcome Measure(s) Embryos were observed for blastocyst rate and pups were observed for phenotypic anomalies and weighed at 30, 60, and 90 days after birth. Result(s) Neither the blastocyst rate, pup rate, nor pup weights were significantly different when the two cryopreservation methods were compared. Conclusion(s) Because there were no differences in blastocyst rates, pup rates, or pup weights, we plan to further investigate the potential effects of vitrification on genotypic damage via the Comet Assay.
Remembering Joseph M. Becker, S.J.

(2001). Remembering Joseph M. Becker, S.J. Forum for Social Economics: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 3-6.
Alcoholism Indicators: Nonreliability of Events Partially Related to Alcohol Abuse

Certain events partially associated with alcohol abuse (e.g., all hepatic cirrhosis) as well as those wholly associated with alcohol abuse (e.g., alcoholic cirrhosis) have been used to assess changes in alcoholism rates over time. In this paper, events partially associated with alcohol abuse are compared with events wholly correlated with alcohol abuse. Location and time of the study was the state of Minnesota from 1965 to 1977. Taken as a whole, the partially related events fail to show an increase in alcoholism while the wholly related events point to an increase. The literature on these alcohol-related events is reviewed, and theories for the discrepancies between partially and wholly related events are offered.
RADIOCARBON CONTENT AND TERRESTRIAL AGE OF TWELVE STONY METEORITES AND ONE IRON METEORITE

Abstract The radiocarbon content of twelve stony meteorites, six with observed time-of-fall and the others finds, and that of an iron, (Aroos), has been determined in the La Jolla Radio-carbon Laboratory. The average contemporaneous radiocarbon content of the falls was found to correspond to 48.2 disintegrations/min. A much lower value of 5.4 disintegrations/min was found for the iron. Of the six finds, two were found to be Pleistocene. The average C14 content of the finds investigated indicates that terrestrial ages of the order of a thousand years are quite common.
Resisting the Terms of Polar Questions through "Ani" ("No")-Prefacing in Korean Conversation.

This article reports on the conversation-analytic investigation of ani ‘no’-prefaced responses to polar questions in Korean conversation, when ani is not used as a negative response particle to negate or disconfirm the truth conditional proposition of the question. Understanding polar questions as advancing the questioner's hypothesis for confirmation, the article demonstrates that the ani-preface in the responsive turn resists (1) the polar question's presupposition that the hypothesis is confirmable and (2) the framing of the proposed hypothesis. Overall, the study rediscovers ani ‘no’ as a turn-beginning particle that indexes the respondent's resistance to responding to the question as framed and further discusses the token's “positionally sensitive” character by discussing cases of ani-prefaced turns that occur in response to wh-questions.
Desensitization of the inhibition of the M-current in sympathetic neurons: Effects of ATP analogs, polyanions, and multiple agonist applications

Abstract Desensitization occurs when the response to a neurotransmitter receptor agonist wanes in the continued presence of agonist. In amphibian sympathetic neurons, both muscarinic and peptidergic receptor agonists inhibit a K + current, the M-current (I M ), and this inhibition desensitizes. We have studied the desensitization to substance P (SP) by whole-cell recordings from dissociated sympathetic neurons from bullfrogs. When ATP in the recording pipette was replaced with AMP-PNP, SP still inhibited I M , but no desensitization was observed, indicating that ATP hydrolysis is required for desensitization. Desensitization inhibitors of β-adrenergic receptors did not block desensitization to SP When a low dose of muscarine sufficient to inhibit I M , but not to elicit desensitization, was applied simultaneously with a desensitizing dose of SP, IM remained depressed and did not desensitize. Thus, there may be separate systems controlling desensitization for different agonists, or the enzyme(s) involved is "compartmentalized".
Bright Lights Shine at Area Studies Symposium

Purpose – To report on the Area Studies Symposium at the University of Arizona.Design/methodology/approach – The article provides a summary of the symposium.Findings – Area Studies has a unique following at each institution and no two collections are alike.Originality/value – Confirms the growing importance of Area Studies in the Academic Library.
Least-Squares Finite-Element Evaluation of Flow Nets

A novel least-squares implementation of the finite-element method is presented to evaluate stream functions in the solution of field problems. The method is programmatically similar to the solution of the Laplace equation, and is based on the development of a stream field that is orthogonal to an already calculated potential field. The main advantage of the method comes from the fact that it eliminates the need of identification of boundary conditions for the stream functions. Implementation of this method requires that the Laplace equation be solved first to calculate the nodal potentials. The Laplace equation, with an identity conductivity matrix is then solved again to calculate the nodal values of the stream functions. One arbitrary boundary condition is sufficient for the second solution. Examples of cofferdam and curtained dam flow with isotropic as well as orthotropic soil conductivity are presented to demonstrate the method.
Spectrum analysis of residual EEG changes following post-natal X-irradiation in rats

Abstract The delayed effects of early post-natal X-irradiation upon cortical electrical activity were studied in albino rats. Spectral energy distribution analysis was used to quantify the EEG changes. It was found that no residual EEG alterations could be detected following a single dose of 78 R. Doses of 200 and 300 R produced a definite decrease in energy content at the lower frequencies (below 10 c/sec), the effects being similar with both these doses. Pre-treatment of the animals with a radioprotective compound, β-aminoethylisothiuronium bromide (AET), prevented the changes induced by a dose of 200 R but failed to do so when a dose of 300 R was used. AET itself produced some mild but definite residual changes in the EEG.
Parent-Child Dyadic Mutuality and Child Behavior Problems: An Investigation of Gene-Environment Processes.

Background: Parent–child mutuality is comprised of emotional reciprocity, co-responsiveness, and cooperation, which together represent aspects of co-regulation of emotion and behavior that may be important in the etiology of children's behavior problems. Furthermore, individual differences in children's mutuality and behavior problems involve transactions between genetic and environmental influences. Behavioral genetic designs are useful for elucidating these processes. Methods: The sample included 396 children in adoptive families (53% female, age M = 8.16 years), of whom 244 were siblings (122 pairs). All of the siblings were genetically unrelated. In some families, one child was adopted but the other child was a biological child of the adoptive parents. We observed mother–child dyadic mutuality (a composite score including responsiveness, interaction reciprocity, and cooperation) during videotaped in-home observations. In addition, child behavior problems were assessed and represented as a composite score including observers’ ratings of noncompliance, and parents’ ratings of aggression and conduct problems. Results: Greater mutuality was associated with lower levels of child behavior problems, both between families and within families (i.e., sibling differences). The sibling intra-class correlation for mutuality with the same parent was near zero in this sample of genetically unrelated siblings. The correlation between child behavior problems and dyadic mutuality did not vary as a function of mother–child genetic similarity. Conclusions: Mother–child mutuality is child specific within families, a finding that is consistent with theories regarding bi-directional parent and child effects in socialization. In addition, there was no evidence of passive gene–environment correlation, suggesting that the link between lower levels of maternal mutuality and higher levels of childbehavior problems is not only reflecting overlapping genetic influences on parent and child behavior.
Temporal trends in U. S. multiple cause of death mortality data: 1968 to 1977

An analysis is made of the mortality trends over the period 1968 to 1977 indicated by two types of cause-specific mortality data. The first type of data is “underlying cause” of death data—the data heretofore used in national vital statistics reports on cause-specific mortality. The second type of data is “multiple cause” data which contain a listing of all medical conditions recorded on the death certificate. A comparison of trends in the two types of data yields useful insights on mortality declines over the study period for two reasons. First, these declines were largely due to a reduction in the mortality rates of circulatory diseases. Second, the multiple cause data contain considerably more information than the underlying cause data on the role of circulatory diseases, and many other chronic diseases, in causing death. This additional information is especially useful in examining mortality patterns among the elderly, where the prevalence at death of chronic degenerative diseases is high.
Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals novel phosphorylation events in insulin signaling regulated by protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A

Abstract Serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (PPP1R12A) modulates the activity and specificity of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1, regulating various cellular processes via dephosphorylation. Nonetheless, little is known about phosphorylation events controlled by PPP1R12A in skeletal muscle insulin signaling. Here, we used quantitative phosphoproteomics to generate a global picture of phosphorylation events regulated by PPP1R12A in a L6 skeletal muscle cell line, which were engineered for inducible PPP1R12A knockdown. Phosphoproteomics revealed 3876 phosphorylation sites (620 were novel) in these cells. Furthermore, PPP1R12A knockdown resulted in increased overall phosphorylation in L6 cells at the basal condition, and changed phosphorylation levels for 698 sites (assigned to 295 phosphoproteins) at the basal and/or insulin-stimulated conditions. Pathway analysis on the 295 phosphoproteins revealed multiple significantly enriched pathways related to insulin signaling, such as mTOR signaling and RhoA signaling. Moreover, phosphorylation levels for numerous regulatory sites in these pathways were significantly changed due to PPP1R12A knockdown. These results indicate that PPP1R12A indeed plays a role in skeletal muscle insulin signaling, providing novel insights into the biology of insulin action. This new information may facilitate the design of experiments to better understand mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Biological significance These results identify a large number of potential new substrates of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 and suggest that serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A indeed plays a regulatory role in multiple pathways related to insulin action, providing novel insights into the biology of skeletal muscle insulin signaling. This information may facilitate the design of experiments to better understand the molecular mechanism responsible for skeletal muscle insulin resistance and associated diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Manufacturability Analysis and Design Feedback System Developed Using Semantic Framework

Early manufacturability feedback is critical for reducing product cost and lead-time. This paper describes a new architecture and platform for authoring and applying manufacturability rules for design. The key step is to define a domain-specific ontology by creating a higher-level semantic language that describes design and manufacturing concepts relevant to specific manufacturing processes. This language has two primary uses; express design in the context of manufacturing and relate manufacturing constraints on design as declarative rules. OWL and Jena (a reasoning engine) are used in the background to reason about specific designs and provide manufacturability feedback in a client-server model. The use of Semantic Web technology makes it easier to augment manufacturability feedback with a query system for the designer that utilizes the same rule knowledge base to answer what-if scenarios. This is implemented using SPARQL and using the CAD design context and so enhances the user experience. This novel approach makes it easier for the domain experts to write or verify rules and the designers to validate concepts before changing the CAD model. This helps in maintaining the independence between the CAD platform and core enterprise knowledge. A pilot study in the sheet metal domain is implemented to demonstrate the steps necessary for complete early manufacturability analysis software and highlights the benefits of this approach.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Cleavage of pyridoxal kinase into two structural domains: kinetics of proteolysis monitored by emission anisotropy.

Two sulfhydryl residues/dimer of pyridoxal kinase react with iodoacetamide fluoresceine (IAF) to yield catalytically active species. Limited chymotryptic digestion of IAF pyridoxal kinase resulted in the release of two fragments of 24 and 16 KDA. One of the fragments (16 KDA) is labeled with IAF. After complete tryptic digestion of IAF-pyridoxal kinase, only one peptide labeled with IAF was separated by reverse-phase HPLC and its amino acid sequence determined by automated Edman degradation. The kinetics of chymotryptic cleavage of IAF-pyridoxal kinase was monitored by steady-state emission anisotropy measurements. Analysis of the kinetic results revealed that the rate of proteolysis is significantly reduced by the substrate pyridoxal (0.2 mM). ATP (1 mM) does not influence the rate of proteolysis. The technique of emission anisotropy was also applied to monitor the effect of viscosity on the rate of proteolysis. A kinetic model is proposed to explain the mechanism of limited proteolysis. The model is based on the assumption that unfolding of the native conformation of the protein-substrate complex plays a dominant role in proteolysis.
Effect of mean free path on the strength of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida interaction in a dilute (Ag0.6Au0.4)Mn alloy

Abstract From measurements of magnetic susceptibility from 1.2 to 200 K and magnetization (0–50 kG) from 1.2 to 4.2 K, the strength of the RKKY interaction between Mn spins in a Ag0.6Au0.4 + 810 ppm Mn alloy has been determined to be V0 = (2.4±0.5) x 10-37 erg cm3. It is shown that this value for V0 is consistent with an RKKY interaction strength which has has been reduced by mean free path effects by a factor exp (— 〈 r〉/l), where 〈 r 〉 is the average separation between Mn spins and l is the electron mean free path in the alloy.
DENSITY-ELLIPTICITY CORRELATIONS, GALAXY-GALAXY LENSING, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-GAUSSIANITY IN INTRINSIC ALIGNMENT

We compute both the extrinsic (lensing) and the intrinsic contributions to the density-ellipticity correlation function, the latter by using current analytic theories of tidal alignment. The gravitational lensing contribution has two components, one analogous to galaxy-galaxy lensing, and the other arising from magnification bias: gravitational lensing induces a modulation of the galaxy density, as well as the ellipticity. On the other hand, the intrinsic alignment contribution vanishes, even after we take source-clustering corrections into account, which suggests that the density-ellipticity correlation might be an interesting diagnostic with which to differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic alignments. However, an important assumption commonly adopted by current analytic alignment theories is the Gaussianity of the tidal field. The inevitable non-Gaussian fluctuations from gravitational instability induce a nonzero intrinsic density-ellipticity correlation, which we estimate. We also argue that non-Gaussian contributions to the intrinsic ellipticity-ellipticity correlation are often nonnegligible. This leads to a linear scaling, rather than a quadratic scaling, as is commonly assumed, with the power spectrum on sufficiently large scales. Finally, we estimate the contribution of the intrinsic alignment to low-redshift galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements (e.g., the SDSS) due to the partial overlap between foreground and background galaxies, and we find that the intrinsic contamination is about 10%-30% at 10'. Uncertainties in this estimate are discussed.
Modeling the rheology of concentrated beverage emulsions

Abstract A number of theoretical equations were tested against experimental measurements of viscosity of concentrated beverage emulsions in order to model their rheology. Seven samples of gum acacia were used as emulsifiers. All emulsions presented a Newtonian behavior. Best fit corresponded to the Einstein equation, both in its original form and expanded to include short-range colloidal forces. Oil droplets were assumed to be rigid spherical particles, not significantly affected by Brownian motion due to the viscosity of the bulk phase, and subjected to colloidal interactions of limited range.
Shear Stress-Mediated Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Cortactin Translocation in Pulmonary Endothelial Cells

Hemodynamic forces in the form of shear stress (SS) and mechanical strain imposed by circulating blood are recognized factors involved in the control of systemic endothelial cell (EC) cytoskeletal structure and function. However, the effects of acute SS on pulmonary endothelium have not been precisely characterized, nor the mechanism of rapid SS-induced EC cytoskeletal rearrangement understood. We exposed bovine and human pulmonary EC monolayers to laminar SS (10 dynes/ cm2) in a parallel plate flow chamber and observed increased actin stress fiber formation 15 min after application of flow. Acute SS-induced pronounced cortical cytoskeletal rearrangement characterized by myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)- and Rho-associated kinase (RhoK)-dependent accumulation of diphosphorylated regulatory myosin light chains (MLC) in the cortical actin ring, junctional protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and transient peripheral translocation of cortactin, an actin-binding protein involved in the regulation of actin polyme...
Problem-centered design for expressiveness and facility in a graphical programming system

This article presents a case study in the use of problems in design. Problems-concrete examples of user goals whose accomplishment a system is intended to support-were used to describe the intended function of a graphical programming system and to manage the growth of the space of design alternatives for the system. Problems were also used to evaluate alternative designs: They served as bench marks for comparing both the solutions offered by differing designs and the work required of users to reach these solutions. The problem-centered design process includes a representation of design rationale in which the strengths and weaknesses of design alternatives in dealing with specific problems, rather than abstract connections among design issues, are central.
The Channeling of Ions Near the Silicon 〈001〉 Axis †

The first experimental mapping of the ion beam channels near the Si 〈001〉 axis is reported. Remarkably fine structure is observed, with over thirty microchannels identified within 20 degrees of the Si 〈001〉 axis. Each map is made from about 16000 channeling spectra with each channeling probability becoming a pixel of information in the final plot. Contour maps have been constructed for ions of He and N with energies from 50 to 2000 keV. All features are identified by theoretical plots of silicon planar channels and axial channels.
Can Information Be Transferred Faster than Light? I. A Gedanken Device for Generating Electromagnetic Wave Packets with Superoptic Group Velocity

Agedanken electromagnetic device is described which permits the transfer of information at speeds faster than light without violating the principle of causality.
Use of the food guide pyramid to improve dietary intake and reduce cardiovascular risk in active duty air force members

Abstract : The goal of this study was to determine if adherence to the Food Guide Pyramid guidelines, when combined with exercise, results in significant reductions in cardiovascular risk and enhancement in aerobic capacity (VO2 max) when compared to a regimen of exercise therapy alone. Twenty men and twelve women, mean age=32, with similar baseline V02max, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), body mass index (BMI), and dietary fat intakes were randomized into two groups. All subjects participated in a 90-day fitness improvement program. One-half of the subjects (treatment group), received weekly, individualized dietary counseling using the Food Guide Pyramid as an educational tool. All participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and post-treatment.
Corporate Strategy and Corporate Strategists: Power, Identity, and Knowledge within the Firm

In this paper it is argued that, to explain why whole groups of once-successful firms in a particular nation or region fail to react appropriately to new competitive conditions, we need to take a closer look at the people who devise and implement corporate strategies. That is to say, we need to analyze corporate strategists as social agents in a particular time and place, and try to understand what aspects of their social being might tend systematically to produce inappropriate corporate strategies. The argument centers on questions of power and identity and on how these shape knowledge and the ability to act. In this way an explanation of the origins and the power of the managerial commitments that shape strategic decisions is sought.
Steganalysis of JPEG Images Using Rich Models

In this paper, we propose a rich model of DCT coefficients in a JPEG file for the purpose of detecting steganographic embedding changes. The model is built systematically as a union of smaller submodels formed as joint distributions of DCT coefficients from their frequency and spatial neighborhoods covering a wide range of statistical dependencies. Due to its high dimensionality, we combine the rich model with ensemble classifiers and construct detectors for six modern JPEG domain steganographic schemes: nsF5, model-based steganography, YASS, and schemes that use side information at the embedder in the form of the uncompressed image: MME, BCH, and BCHopt. The resulting performance is contrasted with previously proposed feature sets of both low and high dimensionality. We also investigate the performance of individual submodels when grouped by their type as well as the effect of Cartesian calibration. The proposed rich model delivers superior performance across all tested algorithms and payloads.