cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutron capture in the 1. 15-keV resonance of iron

A direct measurement of the capture area in the 1.1515 + or - 0.0007 keV (/sup 56/ Fe + n) resonance leads to gGAMMA /SUB n/ GAMMA..gamma../GAMMA = 68.7 + or - 1.5 meV, sigma/sub 0/GAMMA..gamma.. = 161 + or - 4 b.eV.
ENERGY IN A MODEL OF FIRM ENTRY

Nine out of the last ten recessions in the United States have been preceded by an increase in the price of oil as noted by Hamilton [Palgrave Dictionary of Economics]. Given the small share of energy in gross domestic product this phenomenon is difficult to explain using standard models. In this paper, I show that firm entry can be an important transmission and amplifying channel for energy price shocks. The results from the baseline dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model predict a drop in output that is two times the impact in a model without entry. The model also predicts an increase in energy prices would lead to a decline in real wages, investment, consumption, and return on investment. Additionally, using US firm level data, I demonstrate that a rise in energy prices has a negative impact on firm entry as predicted by the DSGE model. This lends further support toward endogenizing firm entry when analyzing the effects of energy price shocks.
Gallbladder Metastases: A Report of Two Cases.

Introduction Metastasis to the gallbladder is not common and usually manifests an advanced stage of malignancy. Herein, we report a case of triple negative high grade invasive ductal carcinoma of breast with a metastatic lesion to the gallbladder. Case presentation The patient is a 52-year-old female diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma treated with mastectomy and chemotherapy. After 12 months, she presented to the emergency department with right upper quadrant pain and elevated liver chemistries. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography showed periportal and gallbladder wall edema. After cholecystectomy, the resected gallbladder was histologically considered to be a metastatic lesion arising from the primary lung cancer. The second case describes a case of a 77-year-old woman with multiple co-morbidities who presented to the hospital with sepsis secondary to biliary source. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography findings were concerning for acute cholecystitis. After cholecystectomy, the pathology of the resected gallbladder demonstrated cholecystitis and plasmacytoma. Conclusion The atypical presentation of gallbladder metastases could mislead treating providers. The diagnosis might alter management decisions and prognosis.
Security Through Simplicity: A Case Study in Logical Segmentation Inference

As protocol complexity scales with user appetite for data, so too does the vulnerable surface we leave open to would be attackers. We submit an argument for security through simplicity, which we support with a specific case study in Wi-Fi.
Major Neurologic Complications Associated With Postdural Puncture Headache in Obstetrics: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND:Increased risks of cerebral venous thrombosis or subdural hematoma, bacterial meningitis, persistent headache, and persistent low back pain are suggested in obstetric patients with postdural puncture headache (PDPH). Acute postpartum pain such as PDPH may also lead to postpartum depressio
In-situ full-field mapping of melt flow dynamics in laser metal additive manufacturing

Abstract Melt flow plays a critical role in laser metal additive manufacturing, yet the melt flow behavior within the melt pool has never been explicitly presented. Here, we report in-situ characterization of melt-flow dynamics in every location of the entire melt pool in laser metal additive manufacturing by populous and uniformly dispersed micro-tracers through in-situ high-resolution synchrotron x-ray imaging. The location-specific flow patterns in different regions of the melt pool are revealed and quantified under both conduction-mode and depression-mode melting. The physical processes at different locations in the melt pool are identified. The full-field melt-flow mapping approach reported here opens the way to study the detailed melt-flow dynamics under real additive manufacturing conditions. The results obtained provide crucial insights into laser additive manufacturing processes and are critical for developing reliable high-fidelity computational models.
Worst-Case Bias for High Voltage, Elevated-Temperature Stress of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

The effects of high-field stress are evaluated for industrial-quality AlGaN/GaN HEMTs as a function of bias and temperature. Positive and negative threshold voltage shifts are observed, depending on stress conditions, indicating the presence of acceptor-like and donor-like traps in these devices. Worst-case transconductance degradation under rated device operating conditions is observed for devices subjected to high-voltage stress in the ON bias condition at elevated temperature. This contrasts with results on earlier-generation devices, which often show worst-case response under semi-ON bias conditions, emphasizing that each technology requires characterization under multiple bias-stress conditions. Neutral and charged oxygen donor-like DX centers and substitutional acceptor-like $\text{N}_{\mathrm{ Ga}}$ centers are the dominant defects contributing to low-frequency noise in these devices. Dehydrogenation of $\text{O}_{\mathrm{ N}}$ -H complexes during ON-bias stress and the resulting increases in densities of $\text{O}_{\mathrm{ N}}$ -related donor-like defects are evidently the reliability-limiting mechanism in these devices.
The Bitch Is Back: A Reappraisal of Mary McCarthy for the 21st Century

This introduction to the Mary McCarthy special issue of Women’s Studies asks, why Mary McCarthy? Why now? Mary McCarthy is one of America’s leading women intellectuals – fiction writer, literary an...
Clinical reviewAnorexia nervosa: manifestations and management for the gastroenterologist

Anorexia nervosa is a complex psychiatric disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. It is important for gastroenterologists to be aware of the physiological effects and potential complications of anorexia nervosa, as they are frequently involved in treating patients with this disorder. We review the classic, GI, and neuroendocrinological features of anorexia nervosa. We also discuss gender differences and treatment options in anorexia nervosa. Further studies of GI physiology and pharmacology are needed to determine whether any disturbances may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. Future treatments directed at improving GI sensorimotor function and neurohormonal abnormalities in patients with anorexia nervosa may impact their nutritional rehabilitation and may have important health economic implications as patients avoid hospitalization and are restored to full activities in society. The current team approach, which incorporates psychiatrists, psychologists, nutritionists, pediatricians, internists, and gastroenterologists in the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, will continue to be essential.
Review of Webster & Cloran (2019): Describing language: Form and function, volume 5 in the collected works of Ruqaiya Hasan

This article reviews Describing language: Form and function, volume 5 in the collected works of Ruqaiya Hasan
Alzheimer’s amyloid β heterogeneous species differentially affect brain endothelial cell viability, blood‐brain barrier integrity, and angiogenesis

Impaired clearance in the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain is key in the formation of Aβ parenchymal plaques and cerebrovascular deposits known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), present in >80% of AD patients and ~50% of non-AD elderly subjects. Aβ deposits are highly heterogeneous, containing multiple fragments mostly derived from catabolism of Aβ40/Aβ42, which exhibit dissimilar aggregation properties. Remarkably, the role of these physiologically relevant Aβ species in cerebrovascular injury and their impact in vascular pathology is unknown. We sought to understand how heterogeneous Aβ species affect cerebral endothelial health and assess whether their diverse effects are associated with the peptides aggregation propensities. We analyzed cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) viability, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and angiogenesis, all relevant aspects of brain microvascular dysfunction. We found that Aβ peptides and fragments exerted differential effects on cerebrovascular pathology. Peptides forming mostly oligomeric structures induced CMEC apoptosis, whereas fibrillar aggregates increased BBB permeability without apoptotic effects. Interestingly, all Aβ species tested inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. These data link the biological effects of the heterogeneous Aβ peptides to their primary structure and aggregation, strongly suggesting that the composition of amyloid deposits influences clinical aspects of the AD vascular pathology. As the presence of predominant oligomeric structures in proximity of the vessel walls may lead to CMEC death and induction of microhemorrhages, fibrillar amyloid is likely responsible for increased BBB permeability and associated neurovascular dysfunction. These results have the potential to unveil more specific therapeutic targets and clarify the multifactorial nature of AD.
Critical Care Management of the Patient with Clostridioides difficile

Objectives To review published clinical evidence on management of Clostridioides difficile infection in critically ill patients. Data sources We obtained relevant studies from a PubMed literature review and bibliographies of reviewed articles. Study selection We selected English-language studies addressing aspects of C. difficile infection relevant to critical care clinicians including epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, with a focus on high-quality clinical evidence. Data extraction We reviewed potentially relevant studies and abstracted information on study design, methods, patient selection, and results of relevant studies. This is a synthetic (i.e., not systematic) review. Data synthesis C. difficile infection is the most common healthcare-associated infection in the United States. Antibiotics are the most significant C. difficile infection risk factor, and among antibiotics, cephalosporins, clindamycin, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and piperacillin-tazobactam confer the highest risk. Age, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, and end-stage renal disease are risk factors for C. difficile infection development and mortality. C. difficile infection diagnosis is based on testing appropriately selected patients with diarrhea or on clinical suspicion for patients with ileus. Patients with fulminant disease (C. difficile infection with hypotension, shock, ileus, or megacolon) should be treated with oral vancomycin and IV metronidazole, as well as rectal vancomycin in case of ileus. Patients who do not respond to initial therapy should be considered for fecal microbiota transplant or surgery. Proper infection prevention practices decrease C. difficile infection risk. Conclusions Strong clinical evidence supports limiting antibiotics when possible to decrease C. difficile infection risk. For patients with fulminant C. difficile infection, oral vancomycin reduces mortality, and adjunctive therapies (including IV metronidazole) and interventions (including fecal microbiota transplant) may benefit select patients. Several important questions remain regarding fulminant C. difficile infection management, including which patients benefit from fecal microbiota transplant or surgery.
Shear Shock Waves Observed in the Brain

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly in athletes, has finally come to public attention as a widespread medical problem. To advance TBI research, the authors develop a high-frame-rate ultrasound technique that can track motion at subcellular scale, offering a unique combination of scanning speed, accuracy, and penetration. Their slow-motion movies reveal that at accelerations routinely observed in sports, shear waves easily develop into even worse shear $s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}o\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}k$ $w\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s$ within the brain. These observations closely match theoretical predictions, and could direct $e.g.$ the design of helmets that dampen frequencies likely to generate shear shocks.
Identification of Key Biological Pathway Routes in Cancer Cohorts

Over the last two decades, various pathway analysis methods have been proposed to investigate complex biological interactions with omics data. Topology based (TB) pathway analysis techniques are generally considered to have better performance than non-topology-based methods. However, these methods score an entire pathway as a unit, where the relevance of individual routes within the pathway is lost. In this paper, a novel route-based pathway analysis framework is discussed that can effectively process entire cohorts of gene expression data sets and identify significant pathway routes in the given cohort. The framework begins with identifying all possible transcription factor (TF) centric routes from KEGG signaling pathways. For each route in a pathway, activity scores and p-values are calculated for samples in the given cohort. Overall route activity in a cohort is assessed in terms of two summary metrics, “Proportion of Significance” (PS) and “Average Route Score” (ARS). Case studies of two human cancer cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository are presented.
Labor as a Linchpin in Ecosystem Services Conservation: Appropriating Value from Collective Institutions?

The role of labor in value production for neoliberal conservation arrangements is a topic that has only recently begun to receive attention from scholars. Engaging with Marx’s labor theory of value...
Quantitative characterization of AEB pulses across the modern fleet.

Characteristics of specific Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) pulses can result in increased motion of the occupant, which can lead to the occupant being out-of-position such that when a crash occu...
Commercial city building games as pedagogical tools: what have we learned?

This paper presents a review of the literature on the use of commercially available city building games (CBGs), such as SimCity and Cities: Skylines, as learning tools in classroom instruction. Giv...
Hair Cell Loss and Synaptic Loss in Inferior Colliculus of C57BL/6 MICE

The C57BL/6 mouse is an extremely popular animal model of presbycusis because of its relatively short life span and genetic pattern of high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) (Henry and Chole, 1980; Willott, 1984; Erway et al., 1993) that resembles the age-related hearing loss seen in humans (Nadol, 1993). Presbycusis and SNHL have traditionally been thought of as peripheral disorders that mainly result in the loss of sensitivity and frequency selectivity (Schmiedt and Schulte, 1992). However, recent studies suggest that peripheral pathologies can lead to functional and anatomical changes in the central nervous system (Hall, 1974, 1976; Wightman, 1982; Morest and Bohne, 1983; Willott, 1984; Salvi and Arehole, 1985; Arehole et al., 1987a; Robertson and Irvine, 1989; Salvi et al., 1990) that may contribute to some of the hearing deficits associated with SNHL and presbycusis.
Information Content of Earnings Management: Evidence from Managing Earnings to Exceed Thresholds

This paper examines whether managers signal firms' future performance by managing earnings to exceed thresholds. Because managers' reporting discretion is bounded by the accounting regulations, managing earnings to exceed the current period's thresholds reduces future earnings, making future earnings thresholds more difficult to attain. As a result, only firms with sufficient future earnings growth can benefit from doing so. I test the signaling hypothesis in three steps. I first hypothesize that firms with a higher degree of information asymmetry between the management and investors are more likely to signal performance using earnings thresholds. Consistent with the hypothesis, I find that the discontinuities in earnings distributions around thresholds are significantly more salient for more information-strained firms. In the second step, I examine the credibility of the signal and document that firms that marginally exceed the earnings thresholds demonstrate superior future accounting performance compared with firms just missing the thresholds, and this difference in future performance increases with the degree of information asymmetry. The third step of my analysis studies the market's reaction to firms' beating or missing the thresholds. My empirical results suggest that the capital market recognizes the information content of the earnings management activities and rationally incorporates it in setting prices.
Digital Tablet PCs as New Technologies of Writing and Learning: A Survey of Perceptions of Digital Ink Technology

The purpose of this study was to investigate effective uses of digital ink technology in an elementary mathematics methods course. A survey methodology was used in the study to examine the participants’ perceptions toward this technology for teaching and learning. All of the items on the survey produced response means between 5.0 and 6.0, with a median standard deviation of 1.095, on a 7-point Likert-type scale. The findings indicate positive perceptions regarding the benefits of the use of digital ink technology.
Microelectronics of Recording, Stimulation, and Wireless Telemetry for Neuroprosthetics: Design and Optimization

This chapter focuses on how to interface biological systems with electronics so as to implement bio-instruments to obtain the in-depth understandings about the animal behavior and human brain activities, and complex neuroprosthetic devices to treat various neurological diseases. The interdisciplinary nature of the system requires a wide range of knowledge on both biology and electronics to build such systems. A unique environment where the system should operate imposes challenging design constraints and system issues, which can be solved only by considering both biology and electronics simultaneously. Fundamental building circuits including amplifiers, filters, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are addressed first and subsystems which consist of those basic circuits are explained with emphasis on trade-offs which should be considered carefully to achieve optimal design. Several state-of-art systems such as integrated wireless neural-recording systems and retinal prostheses are presented to explain how the fundamental knowledge and principles are used in the real applications.
Partial Characterization of the Enzymatic Properties of the Aminoacyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Binding Enzyme

Abstract The highly purified binding enzyme from rabbit reticulocytes is found to function in enzymatic binding of phenylalanyl transfer RNA to ribosomes, ribosome and aminoacyl RNA-dependent hydrolysis of guanosine triphosphate, and as a factor required for the synthesis of peptides. Interdependent reactions are indicated. Guanosine diphosphate and the guanosine triphosphate analogue, 5'-guanylyl methylene diphosphonate, appear to act as competitive inhibitors of guanosine triphosphate in the enzymatic binding reaction. It is concluded that guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis is involved at this step in the sequence of reactions of peptide bond formation. Conversely, guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis is not limited by enzymatic binding, is not dependent upon polyuridylic acid, and appears not to involve a codonanticodon interaction between aminoacyl transfer RNA and messenger RNA. Data are presented that are relevant to the determination of binding enzyme activity in the binding reaction, as a guanosine triphosphatase, and in the synthesis of peptides.
Progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct. I. Preliminary characterization of cytoplasmic components.

Abstract Induction of the synthesis of the specific protein avidin by a single administration of progesterone has been demonstrated previously in chicks in vivo and in tissue minces and monolayer cultures of chick oviduct. To investigate the mechanism of induction, macromolecular components of oviduct cytoplasm which bind 3H-progesterone in vitro were isolated and characterized by sucrose gradient centrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enzymatic digestion, and gel filtration on Agarose (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, California). The radioactive steroid in the isolated complex was identified as progesterone, not a metabolite, by paper chromatography. The interaction with 3H-progesterone has an apparent dissociation constant kd ≃ 8 x 10-10 m in 0.3 m KCl at 1° and is reversed by mild heating and by unlabeled progesterone g testosterone g 20α-hydroxy-4-pregnene-3-one g 17β-estradiol g cortisol g estrone g androstenedione. The participation of protein in the steroid-binding site was inferred from the destruction of the complex by 10-3 m p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and by Pronase, but not by ribo- or deoxyribonucleases. The apparent number and size of the cytoplasmic binding components vary with the concentration of KCl and the technique of isolation and detection. In the absence of KCl, the major components are characterized by sedimentation coefficients, s020,w, of about 5 S and 8 S, molecular weights of about 1.0 and 3.6 x 105 (estimated from the variation of electrophoretic mobility with gel concentration), and sufficiently large effective radii to be eluted in, or near, the void volume of columns of Agarose A-0.5m. Under the same conditions the corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) of chick plasma behaves as a single component with s020,w ≃ 3.7 S and mol wt ≃ 6.0 x 104. In solutions containing 0.3 m KCl, the cytoplasmic components and CBG all sediment at about the same rate but may be distinguished from each other by the distribution coefficients on Agarose A-0.5m. From the latter results, molecular Stokes radii of 55 and 63 A can be calculated for the cytoplasmic components, compared with 37 A for CBG. The progesterone-binding components of chick oviduct cytoplasm are thus distinguishable from CBG by all physicochemical methods tested. A functional role for these components in the induction of avidin synthesis by progesterone is supported by (a) the parallel order of effectiveness of various steroids in competing with progesterone binding and in potency as inducers, and (b) the analogous effects of treating the chicks with diethylstilbestrol on progesterone-binding activity and on avidin induction.
El papel de la contabilidad ante la crisis financiera. Una reflexión sobre el conservadurismo incondicional de la NIIF 9

A Norma Internacional de Informacao Financeira 9 e a resposta do International Accounting Standards Board -IASB- ante a perversidade do efeito prociclico das politicas de reconhecimento da deterioracao crediticia e ante a falta de objetividade que introduzem no modelo de reconhecimento os chamados de trigger events -eventos disparadores-. A solucao finalmente adotada foi objeto de significativa controversia durante o processo de discussao. O trabalho realiza revisao das sucessivas propostas tanto do IASB quanto do Financial Accounting Standards Board -FASB- estadunidense, e das diferentes cartas de comentario recebidas por esses organismos, a fim de sintetizar as diferentes alternativas estudadas durante o processo. A analise poe de manifesto que as consequencias da crise financeira de 2008 favoreceu a evolucao conceitual da norma para o conservadorismo incondicional. Essa reforma e questionavel com base no Arcabouco Conceitual, em especial nos primeiros anos de vida do ativo financeiro, pois pode supor uma diminuicao na representacao fiel da situacao financeira das empresas. E, em qualquer caso, nao dispensa o supervisor bancario da sua intervencao regulato-ria na procura da solvencia do sistema.
Prolog/Exl, an inference engine which explains both yes and no answers

The language Prolog owes much of its increasing popularity to the fact that one can use it to write knowledge based systems in a declarative style, writing a specification which is also executable. When a system written in Prolog produces a yes answer to a question, it can be made to produce an explanation of its reasoning However, some reasonable specifications written in Prolog do not produce any answer when executed. Also, when a knowledge base answers no to a question, it does not explain why. This paper describes a new inference engine, called Prolog/Exl. Many programs which do not produce any answer in Prolog do produce answers in Prolog/Exl. Prolog/Exl provides explanations of both yes and no answers.
Psychotherapeutic Outcomes Measures: A Critical Review for Practitioners

Objective Use of psychotherapeutic outcome measures improves patient outcomes and demonstrates patient improvement. However, practitioners infrequently use these measures because of concerns regarding their practicality and utility. We critically evaluate global self-report measures of adult psychotherapeutic outcome on key practical and utilitarian criteria. Method The following measures were evaluated according to practical criteria (e.g., administration time and cost) and utilitarian criteria (e.g., psychometrics and sensitivity to change): Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale-24; Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure; Depression Anxiety Stress Scales; Health Survey Short Form-36; Outcome Questionnaire-45; Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System; Symptom Checklist-90-Revised; and Brief Symptom Inventory. Results All of the reviewed outcome measures had a number of practical strengths, including short administration time. However, we also identified utilitarian concerns for each measure that are likely to affect their use and interpretation. Conclusion Each of the reviewed outcome measures mostly address practitioners’ concerns regarding practicality and utility. This critical review can aid practitioners in selecting an outcome measure based on their preferences.
Design and verification of clock distribution in VLSI

Some of the design considerations involved in producing a circuit with minimal clock skew are described. The use of the electron beam probe for verifying the effectiveness of the resulting implementation is also described. The electron beam probe allows utilization of the voltage contrast effect for measuring timing relationships between clock signals as they are distributed throughout a VLSI device. An example is shown which demonstrates subnanosecond synchronization of such signals. Another example shows how a combination of marginal design practices and slight processing deviations can lead to significant internal clock skew and device failure. The approach described provides accurate measurement of the timing relationships between internal clock signals without disrupting the physical environment surrounding the probed node or otherwise distorting the edge placement of the signals during the measurement. >
Sibling Competition, Hatching Asynchrony, Incubation Period, and Lifespan in Altricial Birds

This article addresses the relationship between two unresolved problems in avian biology—the significance of variation among taxa in incubation period and the significance of variation in synchrony of hatching—and their implications for other aspects of the life history. Among bird species of similar size and developmental state of the neonate, incubation periods vary over a threefold range (Rahn and Ar, 1974). Long incubation periods have puzzled avian biologists because they convey no evident advantage (Boersma, 1982; Ricklefs, 1984a; Nol, 1986). Time-dependent mortality, energetic efficiency of embryonic growth, sibling competition, and cost of parental investment all favor rapid development and short incubation periods. Significant roles for other factors, such as egg temperature, egg neglect, and pleiotropic coupling of embryonic and postnatal growth rates have been ruled out (Ricklefs, 1984a). In contrast to the situation with incubation period, explanations for variation in hatching synchrony invoke many factors and plausible causes (Clark and Wilson, 1981; Slagsvold, 1986; Slagsvold and Lifjeld, 1989; Slagsvold, 1990; Magrath, 1990; Mock and Schwagmeyer, 1990). None of the hypotheses, however, has strong empirical or experimental support as a single comprehensive explanation.
Molecular mechanics (MM3) calculations on azoxy compounds

The MM3 force field has been extended to include azoxy compounds and also the related amine oxides, both aliphatic and aromatic. The structures of nine molecules were all well fit. The heats of formation for the aliphatic compounds were also well fit, and the vibrational spectra of eight compounds were also fit to the accuracy expected for such calculations. Because many of the experimental data needed to derive the force field were either lacking or were inadequate, ab initio calculations on structures, optimized at the MP2/6-31G* level, were used as needed. © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast client-server video summarization for continuous capture

This paper describes a keyframe summarization method for client-server applications. This technique is designed for applications where a camera is collecting content on a continuous basis that must be transmitted in a summarized form to a remote database server over wireless network. The system combines three keyframe selection methods including a novel fast motion-based selection method, keyframe pooling and clustering for bandwidth control, and network bandwidth estimation.
Kruskal's Perturbation Method

A general method for eliminating the angle variable from the equations of a perturbed periodic motion and for deriving an ``adiabatic invariant'' J has been given by Kruskal and, for a special class of Hamiltonian systems, McNamara and Whiteman have shown (to order e2) that J is related to a set of invariants I obtained from the expansion of Poisson‐bracket relations. In this work, an order‐by‐order algorithm for Kruskal's method is introduced, and a new set of invariants Z1 is obtained. It is shown that these invariants bear a close relation to those obtained from the Poisson‐bracket expansion and, in the special case investigated by McNamara and Whiteman, the relation between I and Z1 may be brought to the same form as the relation between I and J derived by those authors. Finally, the relationship between Z1 and J is examined, and arguments are presented that in certain cases the two are equal to all orders.
Brand‐consumer storytelling theory and research: Introduction to a Psychology & Marketing special issue

This introduction reviews core principles of storytelling theory. The article explains basic propositions of good storytelling. A brief summary of each of the six articles that follow appears. The article extends a note of appreciation to the members of the special editorial board for this issue and to Rajan Nataraajan. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RETENTION AND TRANSPORT OF NUTRIENTS IN A THIRD-ORDER STREAM IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA: HYPORHEIC PROCESSES'

Chloride and nitrate were coinjected into the surface waters of a third—order stream for 20 d to examine solute retention, and the fate of nitrate during subsurface transport. A series of wells (shallow pits) 0.5—10 m from the adjacent channel were sampled to estimate the lateral interflow of water. Two subsurface return flows beneath the wetted channel were also examined. The conservative tracer (chloride) was hydrologically transported to all wells. Stream water was >88% of flow in wells <4 m from the wetted channel. The lowest percentage of stream water was 47% at a well 10 m perpendicular to the stream. Retention of solutes was greater in the hyporheic zone than in the channel under summer low—flow conditions. Nominal travel time (the interval required for chloride concentration to reach 50% of the plateau concentration) was variable by well location, indicating different flow paths and presumably permeability differences in subsurface gravels. Nominal travel time was M 24 h for wells <5 m from the we...
Correlation bag and high-Tc superconductivity

From an analysis of the normal-state properties of the high-{Tc} copper oxide superconductors the following features can be established on the basis of single-particle theories: (1) a bandwidth {ital W}{approx}{ital U}{gt}{ital E}{sub {ital p}}, where {ital U} is the on-site correlation energy and {ital E}{sub {ital p}} is the pair binding energy; (2) a {ital W}{approx}8{h bar}{omega}{sub {ital R}} at the narrow-band limit for small-polaron versus itinerant-electron conduction in a mixed-valent system; (3) a {ital W}{approx}{var epsilon}{sub {sigma}}{lambda}{sub {sigma}}{sup 2}, where the covalent mixing parameter {lambda}{sub {sigma}} varies sensitively with the hole concentration and consequently with any local charge fluctuations in a mixed-valent system; (4) on-site and near-neighbor correlation energies that vary sensitively with the bandwidth in the region {ital W}{approx}{ital U}. From the superconductor properties, a {xi}{approx}10 A signals an energy range of perturbed states {h bar}{omega}{approx lt}{ital W}, and superconductive pairs constrained to a small volume in real space which makes necessary the introduction of a nonretarded potential. These features lead us to consider charge fluctuations, induced by strong electron-lattice interactions, where {ital U}{approx gt}{ital W}{approx}8{h bar}{omega}{sub {ital R}}, in which bags'' rich in charge carriers coexist with regions poor in charge carriers together with an important modulationmore » of the bandwidth--and hence the correlation energies--on moving from outside to inside a bag. The problems with the Alexandrov model that have been raised by De Jongh are resolved by the modulation of the correlation energies which adds a new term to the Hamiltonian that gives an additional component to the binding energy. A bag model allows use of the spin-bag formalism but with a renormalization of the charge channel rather than the spin channel to obtain a possible so« less
Treatment of muscular dystrophies

Abstract 1. 1. Specific therapies to cure the muscular dystrophies are not yet available. Therapeutic trials designed on the basis of our understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders have had only limited success. 2. 2. However, recent investigations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy have identified the abnormal gene and the missing or defective gene product, dystrophin. 3. 3. These discoveries provide information which will lead to more rational and specific therapeutic approaches. 4. 4. The advances in genetic research have led to more effective preventive therapy. Gene mapping has been applied successfully in carrier detection and antenatal diagnosis, and specific gene probes will soon become available for carrier testing for the two most common forms of muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. 5. 5. Supportive therapies for muscular dystrophy patients now include respiratory support for selected patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. 6. 6. This review will focus on the two most common muscular dystrophies, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy.
Estrogen receptor alpha and beta specific agonists regulate expression of synaptic proteins in rat hippocampus.

Changes in hippocampal CA1 dendritic spine density and synaptic number across the estrous cycle in female rats correlate with increased hippocampal-dependent cognitive performance in a manner that is dependent on estrogen receptors (ERs). Two isoforms of the estrogen receptor, α and β are present in the rat hippocampus and distinct effects on cognitive behavior have been described for each receptor. The present study generated a profile of synaptic proteins altered by administration of estradiol benzoate, the ERα selective agonist PPT (1,3,5-tris (4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-propyl-1H-pyrazole) and the ERβ selective agonist DPN (2,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionitrile) alone and in combination in comparison to vehicle in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. In the stratum radiatum, estradiol, DPN, and PPT increased PSD-95 and AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluR1. Only DPN administration regulated expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluR2 and GluR3, increasing and decreasing levels respectively. DPN also increased GluR2 expression in the other lamina of the CA1. These results support previous reports that estradiol and isoform specific agonists differentially activate ERα and ERβ to regulate protein expression. The distinct effects of DPN and PPT administration on synaptic proteins suggest that the desired therapeutic outcome of estrogen may be accomplished by using specific estrogen receptor agonists. Moreover, the effects of estradiol treatment on PSD-95 expression are consistent with a growing body of evidence that this postsynaptic protein is a key marker of estrogen action related to spine synapse formation.
Protonmotive force and photophosphorylation in single swollen thylakoid vesicles

Swollen vesicles generally 40 μm in diameter were prepared from spinach chloroplasts. These vesicles appear to originate from thylakoids. The present study reports results obtained with individual vesicles using micromanipulative procedures. The electric potential across the membrane was measured with microelectrodes and the pH of the internal space was calculated from the fluorescence of the pH indicator pyranine. The individual vesicles photophosphorylate as measured with luciferin-luciferase. Impalement with microelectrodes did not affect the ability of individual vesicles to photophosphorylate. However, there was no significant membrane potential either with continuous illumination or light flashes. In contrast, we found a ΔpH of 3.7 under photophosphorylative conditions and the incubation with the appropriate buffers blocked photophosphorylation presumably by preventing formation of a pH gradient. We propose that, in these vesicles, the membrane potential plays no role in photophosphorylation, whereas a pH gradient is obligatory.
The gold(I) chloride-gold(III) chloride system; the non-existence of the intermediate Au(AuCl4)

Abstract The possibility of the formation of Au(AuCl 4 ) by a simple acid-base interaction between AuCl and AuCl 3 has been investigated since published thermodynamic data do not appear adequate to eliminate such an intermediate. However, a partial phase diagram and powder pattern data for the system show no evidence for its formation. Gold(I) chloride disproportionates in the presence of liquid AlCl 3 or GaCl 3 . The absence of compound formation between AuCl and the halide acids is considered in terms of the apparent covalency and stability of the monochloride.
Increased Incidence of Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Associated with Hashimoto Thyroiditis and the Role of the PI3k/Akt Pathway

Background The link between inflammation and cancer is well-established, but the link between Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and thyroid cancer remains controversial. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of patients with thyroid cancer and associated HT at our institution, to correlate our patient population demographics with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database, and to assess the expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in patients with HT. Study Design Demographic and histologic data were collected from patients undergoing thyroid resection at the University of Texas Medical Branch from 1987 to 2002 and compared with the SEER database. Immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated Akt (a marker of PI3K activity), Akt isoforms and PTEN (an inhibitor of PI3K) was performed on paraffin-embedded blocks of resected thyroid tissue. Results Our patient population demographics and thyroid cancer incidence by histologic type were similar to patients in the SEER database. Ninety-eight (37.7%) resected specimens had pathologic changes consistent with HT; 43 (43.8%) had an associated well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Increased phosphorylated Akt, Akt1, and Akt2 expression was noted in regions of HT and thyroid cancer compared with regions of normal surrounding thyroid tissue. Conclusions Patients with HT were three times more likely to have thyroid cancer, suggesting a strong link between chronic inflammation and cancer development. PI3K/Akt expression was increased in both HT and well-differentiated thyroid cancer, suggesting a possible molecular mechanism for thyroid carcinogenesis.
Pricing irrigation water in Mexico: Efficiency, equity and revenue considerations

The withdrawal of water for irrigation in the dryer regions of Mexico already accounts for some 91% of potential availability. Further expansion of irrigated acreage, therefore, must rely more on increased water use efficiency rather than increased supply from engineering works. A prime instrument to bring about such an improvement could be an appropriate water pricing structure. The first three sections of the paper present the conceptual issues involved, as well as the empirical findings which show that irrigation farmers pay, on average, less than 10% of actual water costs. Water use efficiencies are shown to be less than 50% but are markedly higher in irrigation districts with volumetric compared to those with fixed water charges. The fourth section develops some representative pricing structures that are designed to account for both efficiency and income distributional goals, while the last one addresses some of the likely implementation problems.
A Fourier-transform Raman study of the temperature dependence of chromophore conformation in light-adapted and dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin

Abstract Fourier-transform Raman spectra are reported for bacteriorhodopsin (BR) in its light-adapted and dark-adapted states at room and elevated temperatures. Qualitative changes are observed in the FT-Raman spectrum above the midpoint temperature of the predenaturational transition indicating structural changes and inhomogeneous protein populations. Dark-adapted BR shows an increased all- trans component at 78°C, while light-adapted BR at 78°C is found to contain 13- cis BR, possibly as a result of a reduced extent of light adaptation or a change in protein—chromophore interactions.
Insertion Reactivity of CO2, PhNCO, Me3CC≡N, and Me3CN≡C with the Uranium−Alkynyl Bonds in (C5Me5)2U(C≡CPh)2

The insertion reactivity of (C5Me5)2U(C≡CPh)2, 1, has been studied with CO2, PhNCO, Me3CC≡N, and Me3CN≡C. Insertion into both U−C≡CPh bonds of 1 occurs with the first three substrates to form (C5Me5)2U(O2CC≡CPh)2, 2, (C5Me5)2U[PhNC(C≡CPh)O-κ2N,O]2, 3, and (C5Me5)2U[N═C(CMe3)(C≡CPh)]2, 4, respectively. Only 1 equiv of Me3CN≡C reacts with 1 to form (C5Me5)2[(PhC≡C)C═N(CMe3)-η2C,N]U(C≡CPh), 5, a result similar to the iPrN═C═NiPr insertion that forms (C5Me5)2[iPrNC(C≡CPh)NiPr-κ2N,N′]U(C≡CPh), 6.
PS1-29: PHQ-9 Use in Clinical Practice: Electronic Health Record Data at Essentia Health

Background/Aims The study aims to discover the prevalence of PHQ-9 use in primary care provider (PCP) clinical practice over a 7-year timeframe, and to determine the effect of PHQ-9 data on PCP diagnosing clinical depression and prescribing antidepressant drugs in clinical practice.
The Li/TiS2 cell with LiSCN electrolyte

An ambient temperature, rechargeable lithium/titanium disulphide cell with a lithium thiocyanate-1,3dioxolane (DOL)-1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) organic electrolyte was investigated. Electrolyte compositions of 2.5–3.5 molal LiSCN in solvent compositions from 100% DOL to 0.80∶0.20::DOL∶DME were tested. NMR, infrared spectroscopy and linear-sweep voltammetric studies indicated that the electrolyte was thermally and electrochemically stable, except for the slow formation of dioxolane oligomers. Test cells contained 10–30 mAh cm−2 of TiS2 with two- to sixfold excess of Li in parallel-plate, prismatic configuration. Performance delivered 80–90% of theoretical charge on first discharge and showed not only a rate-dependent cycle life, but also sensitivities to the (anode loading)/(cathode loading) ratio and cathode charge density. Cells with 10–15 mAh cm−2 of TiS2 and four to sixfold excess Li operated 35–50 cycles atC/5 toC/15 rates, while 30 mAh cm−2 cathodes with 3∶1 ∶∶anode: cathode ratio cycled 10–20 cycles atC/10. Results of half-cell studies, performance variation with temperature and overcharge and overdischarge behaviour of the cells are presented. Possible causes of the loss of efficiency during cycling are discussed.
Quenching, Stimulation, and Exhaustion Studies on Some Infrared Stimulable Phosphors

As a continuation of earlier work on the two phosphor systems SrS: Ce, Sm and SrS: Eu, Sm, studies of the quenchings and the enhancements of fluorescent emission by visible and infrared radiation have been made. Two stimulation bands have been measured and the relative efficiencies of exhaustion and of stimulation of visible emissions by the two bands have been studied. These data have been correlated with the simplified band-theory model that had been proposed earlier. The measurements indicate that the two stimulation bands are associated with the same center. This can be represented by the assignment, to that center, of two energy levels within the energy gap.
A multiresonant single-element wideband slot antenna

A technique for designing wideband slot antennas is proposed. By selecting the topology of the microstrip feed network, the aperture's electric field distribution is manipulated to create two fictitious short circuits along the slot, hence creating two additional resonances besides the main one. The frequencies of these fictitious resonances can be chosen such that the overall bandwidth of the antenna is drastically increased. By using this technique, a slot antenna with a 1.8:1 bandwidth ratio is designed and fabricated. The measured results of this antenna show similar radiation patterns at different frequencies in its band of operation. Furthermore, the antenna has a relatively constant gain and, more importantly, it has an excellent polarization purity over the entire bandwidth.
Quark diagrams for baryons

Abstract Quark diagrams for baryons are defined. A transformation from a complete set of hadronic amplitudes to a complete set of quark-diagram amplitudes is constructed. The various twists on baryon propagators are related to the permutation symmetry of baryons. A factor of N f per quark loop is established.
Increased survivorship following bacterial infection by the mosquito Aedes aegypti as compared to Anopheles gambiae correlates with increased transcriptional induction of antimicrobial peptides.

Abstract Mosquitoes defend themselves from pathogens by mounting cellular and humoral innate immune responses. Bioinformatic analyses have revealed considerable divergence in immune gene repertoires between mosquito species, but interspecies empirical comparisons of immune responses are lacking. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the antimicrobial responses of two distantly related disease vectors: Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae . Survival studies showed that Ae. aegypti are more proficient in surviving a bacterial infection than An. gambiae , and this correlates with Ae. aegypti ’s superior ability to kill bacteria in their hemocoels. Hemocytes from both species swiftly phagocytose bacteria, but phagocytosis does not explain Ae. aegypti ’s increased robustness: An. gambiae contain more circulating hemocytes and display a higher phagocytic index, but the phagocytic capacity of individual hemocytes is greater in Ae. aegypti . Then, profiling of 19 immunity genes revealed that transcriptional induction following infection is significantly elevated in Ae. aegypti when compared to An. gambiae , with the largest change seen in the transcription of cecropin and defensin. These data show that Ae. aegypti is better equipped to survive a bacterial infection than An. gambiae , and this correlates with Ae. aegypti ’s increased transcriptional induction of antimicrobial peptides and other humoral immune factors in response to infection.