cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A dominant negative mutant of jun blocking 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate-induced invasion in mouse keratinocytes

We previously reported that induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity appears to be required for tumor promoter–induced transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 cells. To extend this investigation to a keratinocyte culture model and a transgenic mouse model, we constructed K14TAM67, a keratin 14 promoter–controlled version of the dominant negative jun mutant to directly block AP-1 activity and possibly indirectly block NFκB activity in basal squamous epithelia. This study was directed at characterizing TAM67 expression and biological activity in the mouse cell line 308, a keratinocyte model for studying carcinogenesis. Cotransfection of K14TAM67 with luciferase plasmid reporter DNAs produced inhibition of basal and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)–induced AP-1 and NFκB activity but had no effect on p53-dependent transcriptional activity. In an in vitro invasion assay, stable expression of TAM67 in 308 cells blocked TPA-induced Matrigel invasion. This suggests that blocking TPA-induced AP-1– or NFκB-regulated gene expression by TAM67 inhibits TPA-induced progression. Recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 reduced TPA-induced in vitro invasion, thus implicating metalloproteinases at least in part in the transcription factor–dependent process. Analysis of mRNA levels for members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, however, revealed that the expression of any single MMP family member did not correlate with regulation of AP-1 or NFκB activity. However, the combination of substantial levels of mRNA for stromelysin-1, stromelysin-2, collagenase, membrane type 1 MMP, and gelatinase A occurred only in TPA-treated cells in the absence of TAM67. These results suggest that the action of the dominant negative jun mutant on AP-1 and NFκB gene regulation results in complex alterations in the levels of downstream effector genes, such as the metalloproteinases, that effect TPA-induced cellular invasion. Mol. Carcinog. 19:204–212, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Using a limited mapping strategy to identify major QTLs for resistance to grapevine powdery mildew ( Erysiphe necator ) and their use in marker-assisted breeding

A limited genetic mapping strategy based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data was used with five grape populations segregating for powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) resistance in an effort to develop genetic markers from multiple sources and enable the pyramiding of resistance loci. Three populations derived their resistance from Muscadinia rotundifolia ‘Magnolia’. The first population (06708) had 97 progeny and was screened with 137 SSR markers from seven chromosomes (4, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 18) that have been reported to be associated with powdery or downy mildew resistance. A genetic map was constructed using the pseudo-testcross strategy and QTL analysis was carried out. Only markers from chromosome 13 and 18 were mapped in the second (04327) and third (06712) populations, which had 47 and 80 progeny, respectively. Significant QTLs for powdery mildew resistance with overlapping genomic regions were identified for different tissue types (leaf, stem, rachis, and berry) on chromosome 18, which distinguishes the resistance in ‘Magnolia’ from that present in other accessions of M. rotundifolia and controlled by the Run1 gene on chromosome 12. The ‘Magnolia’ resistance locus was termed as Run2.1. Powdery mildew resistance was also mapped in a fourth population (08391), which had 255 progeny and resistance from M. rotundifolia ‘Trayshed’. A locus accounting for 50% of the phenotypic variation mapped to chromosome 18 and was named Run2.2. This locus overlapped the region found in the ‘Magnolia’-based populations, but the allele sizes of the flanking markers were different. ‘Trayshed’ and ‘Magnolia’ shared at least one allele for 68% of the tested markers, but alleles of the other 32% of the markers were not shared indicating that the two M. rotundifolia selections were very different. The last population, 08306 with 42 progeny, derived its resistance from a selection Vitis romanetii C166-043. Genetic mapping discovered a major powdery mildew resistance locus termed Ren4 on chromosome 18, which explained 70% of the phenotypic variation in the same region of chromosome 18 found in the two M. rotundifolia resistant accessions. The mapping results indicate that powdery mildew resistance genes from different backgrounds reside on chromosome 18, and that genetic markers can be used as a powerful tool to pyramid these loci and other powdery mildew resistance loci into a single line.
Thrust to Wholeness: The Nature of Self-Protection:

Although the literature enlists “self-protection” to explain widely varied behavior (e.g., startle, defense mechanism, hoarding), the concept is not defined, nor are its varied modes classified. Fe...
Resveratrol Suppresses T0901317-Induced Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Mice

Liver X receptor (LXR) has been identified as a potential target for treatment of atherosclerosis and diabetes. Activation of LXR, however, is associated with increased lipogenesis and fat accumulation in the liver. The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of resveratrol on LXR activator-induced fat accumulation in liver using mice as an animal model. Three groups of C57BL/6 mice were studied. Animals in group 1 were treated with T0901317, a potent activator of LXR in mice. Animals in group 2 served as the control and were treated with carrier solution and those in group 3 were treated with T0901317/resveratrol combination. Using histochemical and biochemical methods, we demonstrate that resveratrol treatment significantly suppressed fat accumulation in the liver induced by T0901317. In addition, resveratrol completely blocked elevation of blood levels of triglyceride and cholesterol and reduced blood glucose level. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that resveratrol treatment did not change the mRNA levels of abca1, abcg1, cyp7a1, srebp-1c, chrebp, and acc genes compared to that of animals treated with T0901317 alone but reduced pepck and g6p gene expressions. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses show resveratrol treatment activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Treatment with T0901317 on hepatocytes increased intracellular fat accumulation and this increase was suppressed by resveratrol; the suppressive effect of resveratrol was greatly repressed by Compound C which is an inhibitor of AMPK. Collectively, these data suggest that resveratrol blocks T0901317-induced lipid accumulation in the liver and can be considered for inclusion into the treatment of diseases involving activation of liver X receptor.
A nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group is a … .

(1978). A nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group is a … . Ethnic and Racial Studies: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 377-400.
The Larger They Get: The Changing Size Distributions of Private Human Service Organizations:

Although systematic studies on trends in the size distributions of private human service organizations do not exist, most observers assume that the dominant trend parallels that of the U.S. economy...
Polyethylene structural heterogeneity by thermal and rheological techniques

Abstract Recent advances in metallocene catalysts have created a rich set of structural variations for polyethylenes. Copolymers of unprecedented comonomer content and branching distribution have been commercialized. In this paper, we report progress in our laboratories in characterizing these parameters. For polymers of moderate to high crystallinity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) provided very good qualitative data, while temperature rising elution fractionation was more quantitative. However, when the crystallinity is low or near non-existent, a dynamic mechanical technique provided excellent quantiative data. A new method is introduced where the normalized beta relaxation linewidth is used to calculate the branching distribution. Good results for nearly totally amorphous polymers were obtained.
Integrating Integrase Inhibitors Into an Antiretroviral Regimen

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) are the newest drug class for treating HIV-1 infections and arguably the most important class available to clinicians. The INSTIs raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir block strand transfer, the final step catalyzed by integrase, thus preventing incorporation of the viral cDNA into the host genome and subsequent replication. INSTIs are potent, safe and extremely well tolerated. They are the only class of antiretroviral medications in which all members are now recommended by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) as preferred first line therapy for treatment-naive HIV-infected patients. They provide a potent component in treatment-experienced patients who have failed prior therapy. INSTIs have minimal effect on serum lipids or glucose. Raltegravir and dolutegravir have few drug interactions, but elvitegravir is co-formulated with the CYP3A4 inhibitor cobicistat, which has significant drug interactions. Stewardship of the INSTI class is a prominent consideration for clinicians as resistance can develop even at low viral loads and mutations can confer cross-resistance within the class. Patients with virologic failure will continue to accumulate integrase resistance mutations over-time, therefore INSTIs should be stopped if virologic failure occurs to conserve sensitivity to other drugs in the class. Dolutegravir has a somewhat unique resistance pattern and appears to have a higher barrier to resistance, which may make it an option for patients who have failed prior raltegravir or elvitegravir-containing regimens. Treatment failure rates are more common in virologically suppressed patients with archived resistance. In patients with a history of virologic failure, switching from a boosted protease inhibitor to raltegravir is not recommended. Clinical trials are evaluating the compound GSK744, an analogue of dolutegravir with a long half-life, which may provide the option of administering INSTI-based antiretroviral therapy with long lasting depot injections rather than daily pills.
Oxygen Transport in Sc-Doped CeO2: Cation (45Sc) NMR as a Probe of Anionic Conductivity†

Oxygen-vacancy hopping dynamics in Sc-doped CeO2, a solid electrolyte (SE), was studied employing high-temperature (up to 600 °C) 45Sc nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The oxygen-vacancy hopping frequency and its temperature dependence, as obtained from the simulation of 45Sc NMR line shapes, are in excellent agreement with those obtained from EIS. The characteristic length scale of the vacancy hopping is found to be controlled by the average Sc−Sc separation in the lattice. Moreover, direct spectroscopic evidence for the presence of small but significant dynamical heterogeneities is observed, implying that all vacancies are not characterized by similar dynamic properties. These results clearly demonstrate that cation NMR can serve as a unique probe for anionic transport in SEs.
Hardware-assisted algorithm for full-text large-dictionary string matching using N -gram hashing

Abstract A method of full-text scanning for matches in a large dictionary is described. The method is suitable for SDI (selective dissemination of information) systems, accommodating large dictionaries (10 4 –10 5 entries) and typical digital data rates (tens of megabytes per second or more). It can be implemented on a single commercially-available board hosted by a personal computer or entirely in software. The preferred approach employs a hardware primary test, followed by a software secondary test. The algorithm is described in detail, the implementation is sketched, and simulation results are presented.
Awareness of the 2009 US Preventive Services Task Force recommended changes in mammography screening guidelines, accuracy of awareness, sources of knowledge about recommendations, and attitudes about updated screening guidelines in women ages 40–49 and 50+

The US Preventive Services Task Force updated mammography recommendations in 2009, recommending against routine screening for women ages 40–49 and reducing recommended frequency for women 50+. The recommendation changes were highly controversial and created conflicting recommendations across professional organizations. This study examines overall awareness of the changes, accuracy of knowledge about changes, factors related to both overall awareness and accuracy, sources of knowledge about changes, and attitudes about the new recommendations. National telephone survey of 508 women, half aged 40–49 and half 50+, conducted one year after the update (November/December 2010; cooperation rate was 36%). Measures include awareness, accuracy, source of knowledge, interactions with providers, and attitudes about the changes. Fewer than half of women were aware of the guideline changes. Younger, more educated, and higher income women were more aware. Of those who were aware, only 12% correctly reported both change in age and frequency. Accuracy was not associated with demographics. The majority learned of changes through the media and the majority had negative attitudes about the changes. Despite widespread coverage of the recommendation changes, overall awareness in the relevant population is low. Increasing awareness and addressing attitudes about the changes is necessary to ensure the use of recommendations to impact screening behavior.
Storage and retrieval of bibliographic records: a comparison of database management system (DBMS) and free text approaches

System designers concerned with bibliographic storage and retrieval systems have, in the past, followed one of three approaches — simple data structures, with the handling of the inherent complexity of bibliographic data embedded in the programs; free text (inverse file) systems of which the ‘online database’ systems may be seen as a specialised extension; and structured database (DBMS) methods, of which some MARC systems are a special subset. The form of storage of the bibliographic data affects not only the efficiency of retrieval by various fields of the record, but also the space used in storage, the cost of maintenance and addition of new material, and especially, the nature of the retrieval language and the flexibility of response to users' needs. The choice of design approach involves study of each proposed application, and guidelines are offered for consideration in matching functional requirements with the varying strengths and weaknesses of the software techniques. Hybrid database structures offering both free text and DBMS features are becoming acceptable, at least for small systems, and the likely paths for future development are noted.
Factors Associated with the Prescribing of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Risperidone in Patients with Bipolar and Related Affective Disorders

Study Objective. To identify the factors associated with newly prescribed, first-line, second-generation antipsychotics (SgAs) associated with weight gain—olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. Outpatient and inpatient psychiatry services at a tertiary care, academic medical center. Patients. Three hundred forty consecutive adults who had major depressive disorder with psychotic features, bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar not otherwise specified, or schizoaffective disorder over two time periods (August 30–October 30, 2009, and April 1–May 31, 2010). Measurements and Main Results. Clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with newly prescribed olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine were identified by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Several clinical factors were individually associated with initiation of these SgAs: mania (odds ratio [OR] 3.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–10.8, p=0.02), psychosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5–6.9, p=0.002), and inpatient treatment (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.8–7.9, p=0.0005). Prevalent use of lithium (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.9, p=0.03) and being married (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.8, p=0.02) were inversely associated with new use of an SgA. Mania, psychosis, married status, and lithium use remained independently associated on multivariate analysis. Factors related to metabolic or vascular risk were not associated with SgA initiation. Conclusion. Psychiatric clinicians were influenced heavily by clinical features related to mental status and acuity when determining whether to prescribe SgAs. However, factors related to vascular risk were not associated. Future observational studies should consider current clinical status as an important factor in determining propensity to receive antipsychotics or other shortterm treatments for bipolar and related disorders.
Sudden Shifts in Ecological Systems: Intermittency and Transients in the Coupled Ricker Population Model

Many real ecological systems show sudden changes in behavior, phenomena sometimes categorized as regime shifts in the literature. The relative importance of exogenous versus endogenous forces producing regime shifts is an important question. These forces’ role in generating variability over time in ecological systems has been explored using tools from dynamical systems. We use similar ideas to look at transients in simple ecological models as a way of understanding regime shifts. Based in part on the theory of crises, we carefully analyze a simple two patch spatial model and begin to understand from a mathematical point of view what produces transient behavior in ecological systems. In particular, since the tools are essentially qualitative, we are able to suggest that transient behavior should be ubiquitous in systems with overcompensatory local dynamics, and thus should be typical of many ecological systems.
The initial and terminating stage of glow discharge polymerization investigated by thickness monitor

An attempt to discuss the initial stage and terminating stage of glow discharge polymerization was made by selecting the monomer system of styrene and acetylene, which differ in their condensibility, and a certain polymerization procedure. Results indicate the important aspects of the initial and terminating stages of glow discharge polymerization. These aspects may not play a significant role in the study of bulk properties of plasma-polymerized polymers or in the study of polymer deposition rate. However, the initial stage effect might influence the adhesion of the polymer. The terminating stage effect might influence the surface characteristics of glow discharge-polymerized polymers. These effects are particularly important in a batch polymerization system, where the beginning and the end of process cannot be rigorously controlled with respect to the timing and sequence of the beginning and the end of monomer flow and of electric discharge. This study points to the importance of these aspects for proper utilization of glow discharge polymerization as a thin film process.
A Humanistic Approach to Problematic Online Sexual Behavior

Problematic Internet use for sexual activity is often explained by some combination of unique features of the Internet and user characteristics. Disease models of addiction are also often used. Experiential personal construct psychology offers an alternative, humanistic, nondisease diagnostic conceptualization of problematic online sexual activity. A detailed case example demonstrates an experiential personal construct psychology conceptualization. The article concludes with reflective comments provided by the client described in the case example.
Mutation watch:PEX PLUS? Gene(s) for X-linked hypophosphatemia and deafness

Three decades of work on X-linked hypophosphatemia in human and mouse reached fruition with the recent discovery of PEX, the ‘‘Phosphate regulating gene with homologies to Endopeptidases on the X chromosome’’ (HYP Consortium 1995; Strom et al. 1997). The mouse story began in 1966, when six males with shortened trunk and hindlimbs were discovered during a linkage experiment at The Jackson Laboratory (Eicher et al. 1976). Biochemical detective work identified hypophosphatemia as a critical defect, and administration of phosphate to the drinking water corrected many of the skeletal abnormalities and the dwarfing. Abnormal renal phosphate reabsorption accounts for the low level of phosphate in blood and the elevated level in urine. The mutation was inherited as an X-linked dominant and designated hypophosphatemia (Hyp). In 1986, a second dominant X-linked hypophosphatemia mutation, gyro (Gy), was described (Lyon et al. 1986). In addition to hypophosphatemia and skeletal defects that closely resemble Hyp, gyro mice exhibit circling behavior due to degeneration of hair cells in the vestibular apparatus and cochlea. The neuroepithelial abnormalities of the inner ear also result in a hearing deficiency (Steel 1995). Because the phenotypes of Hyp and Gy are dominant, it was not possible to draw conclusions about possible allelism from the phenotype of the compound heterozygote. Evidence for very close linkage was obtained from a cross between Gy +/+ Hyp females and normal males (Lyon et al. 1986). Among the 239 male offspring of this cross, one had normal blood phosphate levels and generated normal male offspring, indicating that he carried a recombinant + + chromosome. This recombination was interpreted as evidence that Hyp and Gy were mutations in distinct but closely linked and functionally related genes. However, recent molecular analysis found that Hyp and Gy are caused by independent mutations in the Pex gene that are separated by approximately 100 kb (Strom et al. 1997). The original recombination between Gy and Hyp was thus a rare example of intragenic recombination and reminds us that a single recombination does not provide a reliable estimate of genetic distance.
Reactivity of mono-meso-substituted iron(II) octaethylporphyrin complexes with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of dioxygen. Evidence for nucleophilic attack on the heme.

Treatment of the mono-meso-substituted iron(II) octaethylporphyrin complexes, (py)2FeII(meso-NO2-OEP), (py)2FeII(meso-CN-OEP), (py)2FeII(meso-HC(O)-OEP), (py)2FeII(meso-Cl-OEP), (py)2FeII(meso-OMe-...
Programming for the Intel Xeon Processor

Software programmers tend to focus on the software layer leaving performance on the table by not taking advantage of the underlying hardware. This talk will help the programmer take advantage of the underlying Intel Xeon server architecture to write more efficient programs. We broadly cover topics such as time measurement, memory ordering, making efficient use of the multi level caches, NUMA aware programming and the use of the many compute cores available in the Xeon architecture via multi-threading.We hope to show the benefit to both, latency and throughput oriented applications. The talk will also address using the new AVX vector registers to achieve higher performance, and briefly touch upon the recently announced Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX) features. Examples of application profiling will demonstrate the benefit of optimizing for performance in parallel with code development.
Armenides: Heidegger's 1942–1943 Lecture Held at Freiburg University

(1988). Armenides: Heidegger's 1942–1943 Lecture Held at Freiburg University. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology: Vol. 19, Heidegger and the Greeks, Art and Essence, pp. 15-33.
Comprehensive ultrasound versus voiding cysturethrography in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux

This study evaluates the accuracy of noninvasive renal ultrasound (US) in the detection of dilative vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) compared to voiding cysturethrography (VCUG), taking both sonographic morphology and kidney length into account. The data and images of 205 paediatric patients who had renal ultrasound and VCUG performed were reviewed. Abnormalities of renal length and kidney morphology were compared with degree of reflux on VCUG for each renal unit. A total of 407 renal units were evaluated. When the sonographic diagnosis of reflux was based solely on morphological criteria and degree of dilatation, correlation with VCUG results was poor. However, the fraction of kidneys of anomalous size increased markedly with grade of reflux, from 10% of non-refluxing renal units to 50% of renal units subjected to grade 4 and 5 VUR. Taking abnormal kidney length into account as well, dilative VUR was diagnosed by ultrasound with a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI 82%–100%) and a sensitivity of 67% (95% CI 63%–72%), P<0.001. Conclusion: the results of this study show that ultrasound cannot accurately diagnose vesicoureteric reflux by morphological changes alone, but requires the consideration of age-adjusted abnormalities in kidney length.
The conjugation of estrogen metabolites by liver slices.

Abstract 1. 1. The conjugation of the metabolites of [16- 14 C]estrone in rat liver has been studied utilizing gas-liquid chromatography for the characterization of micro-quantities of estrogen metabolites. 2. 2. The sulfate (13.9%), glucosiduronate (10.3%), and phosphate (4.1%), estrogen conjugates and the unconjugated estrogen metabolites (47.4%) have been isolated from liver slices incubated under air. Incubation under an O 2 atmosphere doubles the sulfate fraction at the expense of the unconjugated estrogens. 3. 3. The phenolic estrogen metabolites in each of these fractions have been analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The metabolites of [16- 14 C]estrone (23.6% recovered) that have been characterized are 17β-estradiol (2.2%), estriol (0.97%), 2-methoxyestrone (6.2%), 2-methoxy-17β-estradiol (0.36%). In addition, the presence of three unidentified phenolic metabolites and an acidic component(s) has been 4. 4. Certain of the estrogen metabolites were found in only one conjugated form. For example, the sulfate fraction is the only source of 2-methoxy-17β-estradiol in addition to two unidentified phenolic estrogens. Estrone, on the other hand, is not conjugated in the form of a sulfate. Nearly the entire phosphate fraction consists of an unidentified carboxylic acid metabolite.
Children living out-of-home: Effects of family and environmental characteristics

Abstract This paper uses data from the NLSY to estimate the effects of income, family structure, and public policies on the probability that a mother has children living in various out-of-home settings. Results suggest that lower-income mothers and those living in single-parent and mother–partner families are more likely to have children living out-of-home in a given year than are mothers in higher-income and mother–father families. Higher welfare benefits are associated with decreased probabilities that children are living in service settings, but increased probabilities that they are living with relatives. Higher foster care payments are associated with increased service setting placements.
Hoffmann reflex profiles and strength ratios in postoperative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients.

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) typically leads to surgical reconstruction followed by an extensive rehabilitation program. One of the most commonly experienced complications associated with ACL rupture and reconstruction is quadriceps muscle atrophy. A clear understanding of the exact mechanisms associated with ACL related atrophy remains undocumented. The purpose of the present study was to investigate maximum H-reflex to maximum M-wave ratio as well as quadriceps deficit for both isometric and isokinetic peak torques in a post ACL reconstruction population. Forty subjects volunteered for participation in this study. The experimental group comprised 20 subjects who had undergone patellar tendon graft reconstruction of a torn ACL. A matched control group of 20 subjects were also measured for comparative purposes. The results indicated the control group had significantly higher quadriceps to quadriceps ratio than did the ACL group [t(38) = 9.05 p < .001]. In contrast, there was no difference in the H-max/M-max ratio for either group or leg. The strength findings of this study support previous findings. The spinal reflex results support the need for additional research in this area, specifically with more acutely injured subjects.
Perinatal ovarian cyst: A nonsurgical approach

A case of an ovarian cyst diagnosed antenatally by ultrasound and showing spontaneous resolution within 5 months after birth is presented. On the basis of this case and others reported in the literature, we recommend expectant follow-up of such lesions with operation recommended only for cysts with solid or complex components or cysts causing symptoms from large size or torsion.
Photostability of silylated coumarin dyes in polyceram hosts

Numerous silylated coumarin dyes have been incorporated within silica : polydimethylsiloxane Polyceram hosts using the sol-gel process to form crack-free, polishable monoliths. The use of silylated laser dyes allows for covalently bonding the laser dyes to their hosts. Photostability of the samples was evaluated by measuring the decrease in the dye absorption in the Polyceram upon ultraviolet lamp exposure and by monitoring the fluorescence intensity as function of pump pulses from a N2 laser at 337 nm. Both methods showed a significant improvement in photo- and thermal-stability of the silylated dye Polyceram compared to that of the unsilylated dye Polyceram at a dye : Si mole ratio of 10-4 : 1. The improved stability is attributed to the immobilization and higher degree of caging of the silylated dye Polyceram with respect to the unsilylated dye Polyceram.
Hemocompatibility of treated polystyrene substrates: contact activation, platelet adhesion, and procoagulant activity of adherent platelets.

Platelet adhesion to biomaterials is often used as an index of blood compatibility, but a more clinically relevant issue is whether the adherent platelets are able to promote clot formation (i.e., if they are in the procoagulant state). Platelets rapidly generate thrombin when they are in the procoagulant state and the VA/Xa complex is present. We found that adherent platelets are procoagulant by three different methods: binding of FITC-Annexin V, acceleration of thrombin generation in the presence of Xa, Va, and prothrombin; and clotting of recalcified plasma. In the clotting times studies, the effect of adherent platelets on TCPS was completely eliminated by the addition of Annexin V, which is known to bind tightly to procoagulant platelets. The degree of procoagulant activity of adherent platelets was determined by measuring thrombin generation rates in the presence of the clotting factors Va, Xa, and prothrombin and normalizing to the number of adherent platelets. Two key observations were made in these studies. First, the procoagulant activity of platelets adherent to untreated and to several types of treated polystyrenes, as well as to glass and PET, was much greater than the procoagulant activity of unstimulated bulk phase platelets. Little difference in the procoagulant activity of adherent platelets was observed among the materials tested, however. Second, the procoagulant activity of platelets prestimulated with ionophore and subsequently allowed to adhere to Plastek M was much greater than when adherent platelets were stimulated by the adhesion event only. Measured values for platelet adhesion, platelet activation, and contact activation of blood plasma are discussed in the context of their potential combined impact on blood clotting.
In pursuit of the Russian presidency: Why and how Yeltsin won the 1996 presidential election

Abstract This article seeks to explain why Boris Yeltsin was able to win 1996 Russian presidential election despite prolonged economic crisis and the war in Chechnya. The paper advances the argument which emphasizes Yeltsin's ability to recreate political and social alliances which were crucial to his previous electoral successes, on the one hand, and poor electoral strategy and political beliefs of Yeltsin's main challenger, the head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation Gennady Zyuganov, on the other. In particular, the paper highlights Yeltsin's campaign strategy of turning the election into a referendum on communism rather on his own record and the success of his two candidates only strategy. The paper also argues that Zyuganov communist-nationalist, rather than social-democratic, world view determined his electoral strategy and played a major role in his electoral defeat.
Exact energy-momentum conserving algorithms and symplectic schemes for nonlinear dynamics

Abstract It is shown that widely used implicit schemes, in particular the classical Newmark family of algorithms and its variants, generally fail to conserve total angular momentum for nonlinear Hamiltonian systems including classical rigid body dynamics, nonlinear elastodynamics, nonlinear rods and nonlinear shells. For linear Hamiltonian systems, it is well known that only the Crank-Nicholson scheme exactly preserves the total energy of the system. This conservation property is typically lost in the nonlinear regime. A general class of implicit time-stepping algorithms is presented which preserves exactly the conservation laws present in a general Hamiltonian system with symmetry, in particular the total angular momentum and the total energy. Remarkably, the actual implementation of this class of algorithms can be effectively accomplished by means of a simple two-step solution scheme which results in essentially no added computational cost relative to standard implicit methods. A complete analysis of these algorithms and a related class of schemes referred to as symplectic integrators is given. The good performance of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by means of three numerical examples which constitute representative model problems of nonlinear elastodynamics, nonlinear rods and nonlinear shells.
The Relationship between Institutional Efficiency and Instructional Quality in Higher Education

Wage setting methodologies for university faculty may be merit/market based or administered. Failure to exploit the fact that faculty productivity depends on abilities and wages results in inefficient use of university budgets. If such inefficiencies exist it suggests suboptimal productivity of the existing faculty and the inability to attract new qualified faculty. As motivation for this analysis, a simple model of university faculty “output” maximization is presented. Efficient budget allocation requires that faculty compensation be structured so that marginal productivities are equated across faculty. This paper examines and compares the efficiency of several regional universities in the US, identified as “peers”, employing the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) estimation method. The results suggest the existence of inefficiencies and more notably, that the homogeneity assumption regarding the peers is questionable.
Direct Observation of Resonance Motion in Complex Elimination Reactions: Femtosecond Coherent Dynamics in Reduced Space

In this communication we report the observation of a resonant, coherent nuclear motion in the elimination reaction of 1,3-dibromopropane (DBP), a system with 27 internal degrees of freedom. The system was investigated using femtosecond time-resolved mass spectrometry, following excitation at a total energy E = 186 kcal mol^(-1) (n→5p Rydberg state). The vibrational coherence was observed with a period of 680 fs corresponding to the torsional vibration involving the two C−Br bonds. The C−Br bond cleavage occurs with a reaction time of 2.5 ps and yields the 3-bromopropyl radical, which subsequently reacts (cleavage of the second C−Br bond and ring closure) to give cyclopropane in 7.5 ps. These results elucidate the elementary steps and the mechanism: In a reduced space of two coordinates, the reaction coordinate involves a coherent torsional motion and C−Br bond rupture. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were carried out to detail the potential energy surface.
Proverbial themes we live by

Abstract Proverbial expressions, such as Don't judge a book by its cover, It's best to let sleeping dogs lie, and The early bird catches the worm, are pervasive in everyday speech, writing, and literature.This article explores how proverbs reveal enduring individual and cultural themes that provide solace and guidance to people in their ordinary lives. I describe the linguistic properties of proverbs, the logic of proverbs, how proverbs reflect widely-held beliefs about human behavior, proverbs and thought disorders, and how proverbs exhibit concrete manifestations of metaphorical schemes of thought.Proverbs function as thematic devices to unite speakers, speakers to their communities, and communities to ideas of universal “truth” in human experience. Speakers may also create novel proverbs to question the validity of more familiar proverbial themes.
ANGULAR CORRELATION OF ANNIHILATION RADIATION IN ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS

A new type of instrument has been used for measurements on Mg metal and single crystals of LiF, NaCl, KCl, KBr, and KI. The data, after correction for instrument resolution, yield the momentum distribution of either the photons or the center of mass of the positron and electron just prior to annihilation. The momentum distribution obtained for NaCl is accounted for by assuming (a) that the positron is bound to the chloride ion in an s state, (b) that annihilation takes place with one of the electrons of the closed shell, and (c) that the overlap wave function is of the form (r-b)/sup 2/e/sup -mr/. Best agreement with experiment was obtained for 30% of the annihilations taking place with s electrons for which b = 0.75 A, and m = 3.64 A/sup -1/ and the other 70% with p electrons for which b = 0.70 A and m = 4.00 A/sup -1/. (auth)
Gopher mound soil reduces growth and affects ion uptake of two annual grassland species

Portions of an annual serpentine grassland community in California are subject to frequent gopher mound formation. Consequently, studies were undertaken to characterize the effects of mound soils on plant growth and ion uptake. For two of the dominant annual species (Bromus mollis L. and Plantago erecta Morris), growth was reduced in gopher mound soil relative to that in inter-mound soil. A similar reduction in growth was found for plants grown in soils collected at a depth corresponding to the depth of gopher burrowing. This reduction in growth was associated with lower total P and N contents of the soil which were reflected in lower shoot contents of N and P. Additional experiments, however, showed that reduced N and P availabilities in mound soil were not entirely responsible for the growth reduction. Similarly, shoot Ca/Mg ratios were reduced in mound soil but additions of Ca improved the Ca/Mg ratio without improving growth. Growth reductions were associated with altered shoot concentrations of microelements, particularly elevated levels of Mn. A competition experiment between Plantago and Bromus showed that Bromus was more competitive than Plantago in mound and inter-mound soils and that soil type had only small affects on the nature of the interaction between the two species.
VM26 (NSC-122819): a clinical study in advanced cancer of the lung and ovary.

Abstract Fifty-five evaluable patients with advanced carcinoma of the lung ( 25 squamous, 19 adeno, 11 small cell) and 16 patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the ovary were treated with VM 26 in a phase II study. Only one response was noted, a partial (> 50% ) remission in squamous cell cancer of the lung for 8 + months. The drug was well tolerated with minimal nausea, vomiting, anorexia and alopecia. Myelosuppression was infrequent in patients not previously treated with chemotherapy and usually tolerable in patients previously treated. Orthostatic hypotension, hepatotoxicity and peripheral neuropathy were not observed. On the basis of this report VM 26 does not appear to demonstrate any significant antitumor effect in advanced cancer of the lung and ovary.
Increased efficacy of μ-opioid agonist-induced antinociception by metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists in C57BL/6 mice: comparison with (−)-6-phosphonomethyl-deca-hydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (LY235959)

Rationale Recent experimental data suggest that metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists with selectivity for mGluR1 and mGluR2/3 enhance morphine-induced antinociception.
Cosmological Constraints on the Properties of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles

Considerations of the age and density of, as well as the evolution of structure in, the universe lead to constraints on the masses and lifetimes of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The requirement that the observed large-scale structure of the universe be permitted to develop, leads to much more restrictive bounds on the properties of WIMPs than those which follow from considerations of the age and density of the universe alone.
Coagulation of smoke aerosol in a buoyant plume

Abstract The mechanism of particulate coagulation in a turbulent plume is studied by combining the Morton-Taylor-Turner theory of turbulent buoyant plumes with the present authors' earlier analysis of coagulation in a homogeneous system. The conservation of fluid mass, particulate matter, momentum, and energy leads to a set of differential equations for horizontal averages of hydrodynamic quantities. These relations are combined with the horizontally averaged coagulation equation to yield an equation which is transformed to be exactly equivalent to the problem of coagulation in a homogeneous medium. The effective time scale is a known function of the vertical plume height which is determined by solving the plume hydrodynamic equations. This permits the coagulation process in a homogeneous system to be quantitatively related to that in a buoyant plume. Sample calculations are performed to illustrate the effects of the initial number and mass concentrations of the particulate, rate of heat release, initial plume momentum, and atmospheric stratification on the aging process. Results indicate that the coagulation process can be “frozen” if the entrainment of uncontaminated air into the plume sufficiently dilutes the particulate concentration. Calculations of the number flux and the particle size D32 as a function of plume height are included.
In Vitro Digestibility of Phytate‐Reduced and Phenolics‐Reduced Soy Protein Isolates

The effect of removal of phytate and phenolic compounds upon the in vitro digestibility of soy protein isolates by trypsin and pronase enzymes at pH 8.0 and by pepsin at pH 2.0 was studied by pH stat and dialysis equilibrium methods, respectively. Phenolics-reduced (PRSPI) and phytate and phenolics-reduced (PPRSPI) soy protein isolates were both slightly more digestible than control (CSPI). 11S soy-protein with 0.07% phytate was slightly more digestible than 7S soy protein with 1.41% phytate. Kinetic studies indicated that differences in in vitro digestibility of soy protein isolates was probably due to accumulation of end products rather than stearic hindrance at enzyme-substrate reaction sites.
Rethinking US Counter‐Terrorism Strategies: A Muslim Perspective

ABSTRACT Few events have stunned America's intelligence community as did the tragic attacks on US soil on September 11, 2001. More than five years later, the intelligence community continues to reevaluate its plans and strategies on fighting the global war on terrorism. Examining US intelligence today necessitates an initial look at US government policies and actions before 9/11 to assess the risks and challenges that lie ahead for the intelligence community. The need to improve US intelligence capabilities, increase resources and personnel, as well as being able to know how to best identify, apprehend, or kill terrorists and insurgents has new focus in Washington, given the madness in Iraq and the resurgence of extremists, such as the Taliban in Afghanistan. To understand future risks and challenges, this article will also explore the nature of the terrorist threat as it relates to US intentions, goals, and objectives. The ways in which the US and the Muslim world, including elites and the public, seek t...
Effects of propagation on the high-frequency electromagnetic radiation from low-altitude nuclear explosions

The high-frequency electromagnetic pulse radiation from nuclear explosions presents a possible detection mechanism. This paper first considers the selective attenuation of the higher-frequency components of the pulse when it travels via ground wave, and shows how the waveform is modified with distance. Effects of the height of the source are included. Propagation via sky wave is investigated, and it is demonstrated that ionospheric dispersion considerably stretches the pulse for reasonable propagation distances. The receiver bandwidth should be selected to match the ionospheric dispersion at the receiver frequency.
Environment as a political issue in developing countries: a study of environmental pollution in India—a viewpoint

This paper is an attempt to examine (1) whether environment has become a political issue in developing countries and (2) what effects does it have on the environmental policy outputs. It is realized that although environment as an issue appears on institutional agenda in a number of developing countries, it has failed to come on the social agenda. The issue has not achieved as much “politicization,” as it is needed to show significant positive outcomes of environmental policies in most developing countries. The study of environmental pollution issue in India indicates that lack of public involvement had resulted into symbolism in country's environment policy.
Large homogeneous communication networks with Markovian access control II. Global behavior and residence time

A solution to the problem of dynamic analysis of large homogeneous communication networks with Markovian access control disciplines is given. For the case of multiple steady states and buffered users it is shown that: (i) the state space portrait of the system contains a one-dimensional stable manifold; (ii) the dynamics of the system can be reduced to a birth and death process defined on this manifold; and (iii) the residence time of each metastable steady state of the above birth and death process can be calculated on the basis of a new asymptotic procedure. Simulations show that this procedure results in acceptable precision.
The CUNY Academic Commons: fostering faculty use of the social web

Purpose – This paper sets out to analyze the implementation of an academic social network that connects faculty members, administrators, and graduate students in a multi‐campus university system. Part of a new generation of university‐sponsored virtual spaces that foreground social networking, the CUNY Academic Commons has fostered a growing community of members who use the site to collaborate with colleagues across the system. This paper seeks to describe the processes involved in creating the site and to offer guidance to institutions considering similar projects.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a case study of the CUNY Academic Commons that is supported by site analytics, usage reports, and public site materials.Findings – The CUNY Academic Commons has increased awareness of member projects and research interests, built a greater sense of community between discrete campuses, promoted an open culture of sharing, and encouraged collaborative ventures across the system. The site gives memb...
The inseparability of lexis and grammar: Corpus linguistic perspectives

This paper focuses on the interface of lexis and grammar and provides corpus evidence for the inseparability of two areas that have traditionally been kept apart, both in language teaching and in linguistic analysis and description. The paper will first give an overview of a number of influential research strands and model-building attempts in this area (Pattern Grammar and Collostructional Analysis, among others) and then explore the use of a selected lexical-grammatical pattern, the introductory it pattern (e.g. it is essential for EFL learners to come to grips with connotations, attested example) in corpora of expert and apprentice academic writing.