cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bronchogenic Carcinoma with Chest Wall Invasion: Factors Affecting Survival Following en Bloc Resection

Sixty-six patients (54 men and 12 women) with primary bronchogenic carcinoma and documented chest wall invasion underwent en bloc chest wall and pulmonary resection at the Mayo Clinic between January 1, 1960, and January 1, 1980. Ages ranged from 36 to 85 years, with a mean of 62.2. Forty-eight lobectomies, 16 pneumonectomies, and 2 wedge excisions were performed. After operation, 31 patients were classified as T3 N0 M0, 7 as T3 N1 M0, and 12 as T3 N2 M0. In 16 patients, the N classification could not be determined (T3 Nx M0). Operative mortality was 15.2%. Actuarial five-year survival (Kaplan-Meier method) of the 56 patients surviving operation was 32.9%. Five-year survival for patients with T3 N0 M0 neoplasms was 53.7%; five-year survival for patients with N1 and N2 neoplasms was only 7.4% (p = 0.001). The effect of various factors on survival, both singularly and in combination, was assessed by Cox's proportional hazards model. Only age had a significant association with survival. Among patients with T3 N0 M0 neoplasms, five-year survival was 84.6% for those 60 years of age or less and 27.7% for patients who were older than 60 years (p = 0.009). We conclude that en bloc resection for primary bronchogenic carcinoma with chest wall invasion, while associated with a significant mortality, can be performed with a strong likelihood of long-term survival if regional lymph nodes are not metastatically involved and there is no evidence of distant metastasis.
Interpreting finite strain: Analysis of deformation in analog models

We investigate the accuracy of strain rates calculated directly from a robust set of velocity measurements that were obtained in controlled experimental settings. We compare the calculated strains and strain rates, and the corresponding deformation style, determined from sets of three vs. four velocity measurements obtained by tracking a dense set of surface markers during experiments. The density of our measurements, in conjunction with a well-understood model deformational setting, allows us to relate the style and magnitude of strains to the underlying structures. We demonstrate that calculating strain values from three measurements can be irrelevant to the geologic structures even if they are mathematically correct, but that one can avoid some of these deceptive results by using quadrangles to calculate strain. We demonstrate the utility of such strain calculations in interpreting strain partitioning in obliquely convergent analog models for continuously and discontinuously deforming materials. In addition, we compare direct calculations with those obtained by determining strains from the derivatives of continuous spline functions that have been fit to the velocity field.
Algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of endoleaks

Abstract Background: Endoluminal grafting of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) has shown promising early results. However, endoleaks present a new and challenging obstacle to successful aneurysm exclusion. We report our experience with primary, persistent endoleaks and provide an algorithm for their diagnosis and management. Methods: Over a 19-month period, 73 patients underwent endoluminal repair of their AAAs using a modular bifurcated endograft as part of a US FDA Investigational Device Exemption trial. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed prior to discharge after repair to evaluate for complete aneurysm exclusion. If no endoleak was present on that initial CT scan, color-flow duplex scanning was performed at 1 month, with repeat CT scanning at 6 months and 1 year. If the initial CT scan revealed the presence of an endoleak, repeat CT scanning was performed at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months, or until the endoleak resolved. Any patient with an endoleak that persisted beyond 3 months underwent angiographic evaluation to localize the source of the leak. Results: At 1 month, 62 patients (85%) had successful aneurysm exclusion. The remaining 11 patients (15%) had primary endoleaks, 8 (11%) of which persisted beyond 3 months, prompting angiographic evaluation. In 2 patients the endoleak was related to a graft-graft or graft-arterial junction. One was from the endograft terminus in the common iliac artery and was successfully embolized, along with its outflow lumbar artery. The other required placement of an additional endograft component across a leaking graft-graft junction to successfully exclude the aneurysm. The remaining six endoleaks were due to collateral flow through the aneurysm sac. In 4 cases this was lumbar to lumbar flow fed by hypogastric artery collaterals to the inflow lumbar artery. In the remaining 2 patients the endoleak was found to be due to flow between a lumbar and inferior mesenteric artery. Resolution of the endoleak by coil embolization of the feeding hypogastric artery branch in 1 patient was unsuccessful due to rapid recruitment of another hypogastric branch. Two of the six collateral flow endoleaks have resolved spontaneously without treatment, while the remaining cases have been followed up without evidence of aneurysm expansion. Conclusion: Systematic postoperative surveillance facilitates proper diagnosis and treatment of endoleaks. This involves serial CT scans to detect the presence of endoleaks, followed by angiography to determine their etiology and guide treatment, if clinically indicated.
An Efficient and Generic Event-based Profiler Framework for Dynamic Languages

Profilers help programmers analyze their programs and identify performance bottlenecks. We implement a profiler framework that helps to compare and analyze programs implementing the same algorithms written in different languages. Profiler implementers replicate common functionalities in their language profilers. We focus on building a generic profiler framework for dynamic languages to minimize the recurring implementation effort. We implement our profiler in a framework that optimizes abstract syntax tree (AST) interpreters using a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. We evaluate it on ZipPy and JRuby+Truffle, Python and Ruby implementations in this framework, respectively. We show that our profiler runs faster than the existing profilers in these languages and requires modest implementation effort. Our profiler serves three purposes: 1) helps users to find the bottlenecks in their programs, 2) helps language implementers to improve the performance of their language implementation, 3) helps to compare and evaluate different languages on cross-language benchmarks.
Cerebral potentials during smooth goal-directed hand movements in right-handed and left-handed subjects

During smooth goal-directed hand movements a negative potential shift can be recorded from the human scalp. This goal-directed movement potential (GDMP) is preponderant over central areas with a maximum at the vertex and, over the motor cortex, contralaterally larger than ipsilterally to the moving hand. In 11 right-handed and 6 left-handed subjects, the morphology and distribution of these potential shifts were studied in relation to task differences, moving hand and handedness. The results show a functional differentiation of two components of the GDMP: (1), a lateralized, slow negative wave, restricted to the precentral area and selectively varying with the hand used, and (2), a widespread, bilateral symmetrical component, selectively influenced by taskspecific and individual factors. Two effects reflect an influence of the subjects's handedness on the GDMP: (a) averaged for both hand conditions, there are larger amplitudes over the hemisphere contralateral to the dominant hand, and (b) averaged for both hemispheres, larger amplitudes result from using the nondominant hand.
Post-Pleistocene changes in the human dentition.

Published evidence indicates sharp reductions in the hominid dentition following the end of the Pleistocene. These reductions, both in size and in morphological complexity, have proceeded farthest in those areas where culture change has occurred most rapidly. The model proposed here suggests that post-Pleistocene dental reduction may be the result of the change in selective forces consequent from the invention and use of pottery and the changes in food-preparation techniques after the end of the Pleistocene. Models for testing this hypothesis are discussed.
Measurements of plasma opacity from laser-produced optically thin strongly coupled plasmas.

A new technique for producing dense (10{sup 20} cm{sup {minus}3}), low-temperature (2--6 eV), optically thin, and well characterized laser-produced plasmas is used to measure, for the first time, the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption and the Coulomb logarithm at 0.5 {mu}m in a strongly coupled plasma. Extrapolations of the standard high-frequency calculations of inverse bremsstrahlung absorption underestimate the absorption in this regime by a factor of 2 or more, whereas calculations based on strongly coupled plasma theory and static classical theory agree with the measurements.
VARIATION IN THE SELENIUM CONTENT OF INDIVIDUAL BRAZIL NUTS

Brazil nuts are high in selenium content relative to other human foods. Since the limits between human selenium essentiality and toxicity are narrow, it is important to know the variation in selenium content of individual nuts. Analysis was performed on 72 individual nuts obtained in stores as shelled nuts in bulk and shelled and unshelled nuts in packages. Their average selenium content was 14.66 ppm with a range of 0.2 to 253.0. The agronomic and health aspects of these findings are discussed.
Changes in heart volume in Addison's disease and their significance☆

Abstract 1. 1. In six cases of Addison's disease the relationship between cardiac mensuration and the stage of the disease was studied. 2. 2. An average reduction in heart volume of 31.9 per cent was observed in five instances of crisis, and of 16.1 per cent in three patients with cortical insufficiency who were not having crises. 3. 3. Prior to the development of Addison's disease, one patient had a cardiac volume which was within normal limits. Two others who were first observed during a crisis, and with a crisis impending, respectively, regained a normal heart volume when they were adequately treated. 4. 4. Serial estimations of blood volume were carried out upon two patients. Significant lowering was seen only during crises. Values within the normal range were noted in patients with cortical insufficiency who were not having crises.
The dipropenyl ethers: vibrational and 13C NMR spectra

Abstract The infrared vapor phase and solution spectra and the Raman liquid phase spectra as well as the 13C NMR absorption have been examined for the dipropenyl ether isomers, i.e. cis, cis (I), cis, trans (II) and trans, trans (III). Evidence based on double bond vibrational coupling, the simple nature of the spectra and the assignment of most of the fundamentals shows only one planar s-trans, s-trans conformation for each isomer. The strong double bond coupling probably indicates that substantial “through space” electron delocalization between the double bonds must be involved, and that this reduces or takes precedence over oxygen electron delocalization in the order I > II > III. The “cis effect” is explained by a dipolar interaction of β-methyl hydrogen with ether oxygen, which is absent in the trans-propenyl structures.
On the Similarity of Analytic Matrix Functions

Consider a domain \({\Omega \subset {\mathbb{C}^{k}}}\) , and two analytic matrix-valued functions functions \({F,G : \Omega \rightarrow L({\mathbb{C}^{n}})}\) . Consider also points \({\omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, . . . , \omega_{N} \in \Omega}\) and positive integers n 1, n 2, . . . , n N . We are interested in the existence of an analytic function \({X : \Omega \rightarrow {\mathbb{C}^{n}}}\) such that X(ω) is invertible, and G(ω) coincides with X(ω)F(ω)X(ω)−1 up to order n j at the point ω j . We will see that such a function exists provided that F(ω j ),G(ω j ) have cyclic vectors, and the characteristic polynomials of F,G coincide up to order n j at ω j . This allows one to give a short proof to a result of Huang, Marcantognini and Young concerning spectral interpolation in the unit disk.
Induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by tumor exosomes

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) promote tumor progression. The mechanisms of MDSC development during tumor growth remain unknown. Tumor exosomes (T-exosomes) have been implicated to play a role in immune regulation, however the role of exosomes in the induction of MDSCs is unclear. Our previous work demonstrated that exosomes isolated from tumor cells are taken up by bone marrow myeloid cells. Here, we extend those findings showing that exosomes isolated from T-exosomes switch the differentiation pathway of these myeloid cells to the MDSC pathway (CD11b(+)Gr-1(+)). The resulting cells exhibit MDSC phenotypic and functional characteristics including promotion of tumor growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that in vivo MDSC mediated promotion of tumor progression is dependent on T-exosome prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and TGF-beta molecules. T-exosomes can induce the accumulation of MDSCs expressing Cox2, IL-6, VEGF, and arginase-1. Antibodies against exosomal PGE2 and TGF-beta block the activity of these exosomes on MDSC induction and therefore attenuate MDSC-mediated tumor-promoting ability. Exosomal PGE2 and TGF-beta are enriched in T-exosomes when compared with exosomes isolated from the supernatants of cultured tumor cells (C-exosomes). The tumor microenvironment has an effect on the potency of T-exosome mediated induction of MDSCs by regulating the sorting and the amount of exosomal PGE2 and TGF-beta available. Together, these findings lend themselves to developing specific targetable therapeutic strategies to reduce or eliminate MDSC-induced immunosuppression and hence enhance host antitumor immunotherapy efficacy.
Transitions to catalytically inactive conformations in EGFR kinase

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a key protein in cellular signaling, and its kinase domain (EGFR kinase) is an intensely pursued target of small-molecule drugs. Although both catalytically active and inactive conformations of EGFR kinase have been resolved crystallographically, experimental characterization of the transitions between these conformations remains difficult. Using unbiased, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we observed EGFR kinase spontaneously transition from the active to the so-called “Src-like inactive” conformation by way of two sets of intermediate conformations: One corresponds to a previously identified locally disordered state and the other to previously undescribed “extended” conformations, marked by the opening of the ATP-binding site between the two lobes of the kinase domain. We also simulated the protonation-dependent transition of EGFR kinase to another [“Asp-Phe-Gly-out” (“DFG-out”)] inactive conformation and observed similar intermediate conformations. A key element observed in the simulated transitions is local unfolding, or “cracking,” which supports a prediction of energy landscape theory. We used hydrogen–deuterium (H/D) exchange measurements to corroborate our simulations and found that the simulated intermediate conformations correlate better with the H/D exchange data than existing active or inactive EGFR kinase crystal structures. The intermediate conformations revealed by our simulations of the transition process differ significantly from the existing crystal structures and may provide unique possibilities for structure-based drug discovery.
Natural killer cells: Stress out, turn on, tune in

Natural killer cells attack tumor cells, infected cells and some normal cells, but the basis of their specificity is not completely understood. Recent studies indicate that epithelial tumor cells upregulate a stress-induced MHC class-I-like protein termed MICA, triggering NK cells via a recently described receptor called NKG2D.
Discursive Approaches to Understanding Teacher Collaboration: Policy into Practice

(2006). Discursive Approaches to Understanding Teacher Collaboration: Policy into Practice. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 495-499.
A hands-on paradigm for EAP education: undergraduates, pre-college students, and beyond

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are receiving increasing interest from researchers due to their unique capabilities and numerous potential applications in biomimetic robots, smart structures, biomedical devices, and micro/nanomanipulation. Since these materials are relatively new, it is imperative to educate students and the general public to raise their awareness of EAP potentials and produce the talent pool needed for continuing, rapid advances in the field of EAPs. In this paper we describe our concerted effort in teaching EAP to undergraduates, grade school students, and the general public, through hands-on research and learning on EAP-based biomimetic robots. Two integrated activities are highlighted: A senior Capstone design program on EAP robots, and the subsequent programs that use these developed robots to reach out to pre-college students. A robotic fish and a sociable robot enabled by ionic polymer-metal composite materials are used as examples throughout the paper.
Fine specificity of CD4+ T cell responses to the dominant encephalitogenic PLP 139-151 peptide in SJL/J mice

PLP 139-151(S) is the major encephalitogenic epitope of PLP in the SJL/J mouse. CD4+ T cells specific for PLP 139-151(S) induce a relapsing-remitting form of EAE which is similar to the human demyelinating disease MS in both clinical course and histopathology. We are interested in events involved in activation of autoreactive T cells and how to specifically regulate these immune response to both prevent and treat ongoing demyelinating disease. In the current study, we examined the effect of both amino acid substitutions and deletions in the native PLP 139-151(S) peptide to identify which residues are critical for immunogenicity and encephalitogenicity. Conservative and nonconservative substitutions at position 145 diminished or completely destroyed the encephalitogenic potential of the peptide without affecting the ability to recall a proliferative response in lymph node T cells primed with the native PLP 139-151(S) peptide indicating an interesting dichotomy between ability to induce T cell proliferation and ability to induce active clinical disease. In addition, tryptophan at position 144 was identified as a critical TCR contact site as a peptide containing an alanine for tryptophan at this position (A144) primed a unique population of T cells which did not cross react with the native PLP 139-151(S). In addition, A144 was unable to stimulate PLP 139-151(S)-specific T cells in vitro or to induce active relapsing EAE in vivo. The significance of these results to the potential development of new strategies for preventing and treating T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases is discussed.
Interspecific allozyme variation among Morchella spp. and its inferences for systematics within the genus.

Abstract The genetic variability of 12 enzymes encoded by 12 loci ( Fum, Gapdh, Gpi, Idh, Lap, Mpi, Me, Pgk, Pgd, PepGI, Sod and Tpi ) was examined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and standard histochemical staining in 19 lines of Morchella spp. The lines could be separated into eight genotypic classes based on their multilocus allelic combinations. Several isolates originally recorded as one species based on morphology were classified as another based on electrophoretic banding patterns. This lack of concordance between allozymic and morphological data sets may help to explain the taxonomic difficulties within the genus. In general, two groupings of the six morphologically identified species could be recognized ( M. angusticeps, M. conica and M. elata vs M. esculenta, M. crassipes and M. deliciosa ).
Fidelity of Uracil-initiated Base Excision DNA Repair in DNA Polymerase β-Proficient and -Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Cell Extracts

Abstract Uracil-initiated base excision DNA repair was conducted using homozygous mouse embryonic fibroblast DNA polymerase β (+/+) and (−/−) cells to determine the error frequency and mutational specificity associated with the completed repair process. Form I DNA substrates were constructed with site-specific uracil residues at U·A, U·G, and U·T targets contained within thelacZα gene of M13mp2 DNA. Efficient repair was observed in both DNA polymerase β (+/+) and (−/−) cell-free extracts. Repair was largely dependent on uracil-DNA glycosylase activity because addition of the PBS-2 uracil-DNA glycosylase inhibitor (Ugi) protein reduced (∼88%) the initial rate of repair in both types of cell-free extracts. In each case, the DNA repair patch size was primarily distributed between 1 and 8 nucleotides in length with 1 nucleotide repair patch constituting ∼20% of the repair events. Addition of p21 peptide or protein to DNA polymerase β (+/+) cell-free extracts increased the frequency of short-patch (1 nucleotide) repair by ∼2-fold. The base substitution reversion frequency associated with uracil-DNA repair of M13mp2op14 (U·T) DNA was determined to be 5.7–7.2 × 10−4 when using DNA polymerase β (+/+) and (−/−) cell-free extracts. In these two cases, the error frequency was very similar, but the mutational spectrum was noticeably different. The presence or absence of Ugi did not dramatically influence either the error rate or mutational specificity. In contrast, the combination of Ugi and p21 protein promoted an increase in the mutation frequency associated with repair of M13mp2 (U·G) DNA. Examination of the mutational spectra generated by a forward mutation assay revealed that errors in DNA repair synthesis occurred predominantly at the position of the U·G target and frequently involved a 1-base deletion or incorporation of dTMP.
Across the Event Horizon

The stream of action in life, virtual environments, film, and narratives is parsed into events. This parsing has consequences for memory. The transition from one event to another can impede memory in some ways but improve it in others. Whether impairment or improvement occurs depends on the nature of the information and how it is later remembered. The Event Horizon Model of comprehension and memory goes beyond more traditional accounts of the influence of context on cognition to explain these phenomena.
Establishing browser security guarantees through formal shim verification

Web browsers mediate access to valuable private data in domains ranging from health care to banking. Despite this critical role, attackers routinely exploit browser vulnerabilities to exfiltrate private data and take over the underlying system. We present QUARK, a browser whose kernel has been implemented and verified in Coq. We give a specification of our kernel, show that the implementation satisfies the specification, and finally show that the specification implies several security properties, including tab non-interference, cookie integrity and confidentiality, and address bar integrity.
Modulation of Presynaptic Action Potential Kinetics Underlies Synaptic Facilitation of Type B Photoreceptors after Associative Conditioning in Hermissenda

Descriptions of conditioned response generation in Hermissenda stipulate that the synaptic interaction between type B and A photoreceptors should be enhanced after associative pairings of light and rotation. Although evidence from several laboratories has confirmed this assumption, the mechanism underlying this synaptic facilitation has not been elucidated. Here we report that in vitro conditioning (i.e., light paired with stimulation of vestibular hair cells) modifies the kinetics of presynaptic action potentials in the B photoreceptor in a manner sufficient to account for this synaptic facilitation. After paired training, we observed an increase in the duration of evoked action potentials and a decrease in the amplitude of the spike afterhyperpolarization in the B-cell. As previously reported, paired training also enhanced the excitability (i.e., input resistance and evoked spike rate) of the B photoreceptor. In a second experiment, simultaneous recordings were made in type B and A photoreceptors, and paired training was found to produce an increase in the amplitude of the IPSP in the A photoreceptor in response to an evoked spike in the B-cell. Importantly, there was no change in the initial slope of the postsynaptic IPSP in the A photoreceptor, suggesting that spike duration-independent mechanisms of neurotransmitter exocytosis or postsynaptic receptor sensitivity did not contribute to the observed synaptic facilitation. Perfusion of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) mimicked a known effect of behavioral conditioning in that it specifically reduced the amplitude of the transient voltage-dependent K(+) current (I(A)) in the B-cell, but in addition, produced action potential broadening and synaptic facilitation that was analogous to that observed after in vitro conditioning. Finally, the effect of 4-AP on B-cell action potentials and on the postsynaptic IPSP in the A-cell was occluded by previous paired (but not unpaired) training, suggesting that the prolongation of the B-cell action potential by a reduction of I(A) was sufficient to account for the observed synaptic facilitation. The occlusion of the effects of 4-AP by paired training was not attributable to a saturation of the capacity of the B-cell for transmitter exocytosis, because it was observed that tetraethylammonium (TEA)-induced inhibition of the delayed voltage-dependent K(+) current induced both spike broadening and synaptic facilitation regardless of training history. Collectively, these results demonstrate that training-induced facilitation at B-cell synapses is attributable to the effects of a reduction of a presynaptic K(+) conductance on action potential kinetics and suggest another critical similarity between the cellular basis for learning in Hermissenda and other invertebrate systems.
Hyperbolic difference equations: a review of the courant-friedrichs-lewy paper in the light of recent developments

The portion of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lwy paper [Math. Ann. 100, 32 (1928)] that was devoted to hyperbolic difference equations is critically reviewed in terms of its basic contribution to the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Some subsequent developments are then discussed, including recent literature related to the von Neumann condition, some irreversible schemes, generalizations of the energy method, some new difference schemes, and mixed initial boundary value problems.
Serological and Electron Microscope Studies of Chronic Respiratory Disease Agent of Chickens and of Turkey Sinusitis Agent

Abstract INTRODUCTION NELSON (1935) first described small pleomorphic organisms which he associated with an uncomplicated coryza of slow onset and long duration in chickens. These organisms, which the author referred to as coccobacilliform bodies, are presently referred to as pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) by many workers. Van Herick and Eaton (1945) described a PPLO which they encountered during passages of primary atypical pneumonia virus in chicken embryos. The agent was considered to be a contaminant present in the eggs they were using. Of interest was their observation that this organism would agglutinate red blood cells of various animals, and also chicken red blood cells. The authors also observed that the sera from a high percentage of hens that supplied the eggs would inhibit hemagglutination. An interesting consideration is the possibility that the microorganisms of Nelson and of Van Herick and Eaton are the same and that they might be the cause of …
Creativity and Technical Innovation: Spatial Ability’s Unique Role

In the late 1970s, 563 intellectually talented 13-year-olds (identified by the SAT as in the top 0.5% of ability) were assessed on spatial ability. More than 30 years later, the present study evaluated whether spatial ability provided incremental validity (beyond the SAT's mathematical and verbal reasoning subtests) for differentially predicting which of these individuals had patents and three classes of refereed publications. A two-step discriminant-function analysis revealed that the SAT subtests jointly accounted for 10.8% of the variance among these outcomes (p < .01); when spatial ability was added, an additional 7.6% was accounted for--a statistically significant increase (p < .01). The findings indicate that spatial ability has a unique role in the development of creativity, beyond the roles played by the abilities traditionally measured in educational selection, counseling, and industrial-organizational psychology. Spatial ability plays a key and unique role in structuring many important psychological phenomena and should be examined more broadly across the applied and basic psychological sciences.
Running Simulation for Large Groups is a Team Sport

The University of South Carolina College of Nursing admits an average of 230 baccalaureate nursing students every fall. At the time of the National Council of State Board of Nursing (NCSBN) study, our laboratory occupied approximately 3,713 square feet with eight high-fidelity manikins, two medium-fidelity manikins, four simulation suites, two debrief rooms, and one classroom for large group simulation or audio visual (AV) presentation and lecture. As we began preparing for our participation in this landmark study, it became clear to our team that scheduling the nine clinical groups involved in the study for simulation along with our usual clinical course simulations for 230þ students would be a challenge. Before participating in the NCSBN Simulation study, scheduling simulation was accomplished by staggering arrival time for small groups of students to run one to two scenarios. Typically only one specific nursing course was scheduled on a given day. Scenarios would be run for a full week to accommodate the large number of students in the clinical coursedwith about 30 to 40 students rotating through each day. Because of the large number of students, each simulation team consisted of three to four students, debrief sessions were not offered for each individual simulation team. Instead, they were held once 10 to 12 students had completed the scenario simulation. The debrief session lasted 30 to 40 minutes and was led by the content expert. Normally, a simulation activity was occurring at the same time a group was debriefing. At one of the training sessions with the NCSBN study content experts, we broke into our school teams to focus on scheduling logistics. We took our brainstorming notes back to the College of Nursing with us and continued to develop a simulation schedule template that would work during the
Synthetic organic pH buffers can support fertilization of guinea pig eggs, but not as efficiently as bicarbonate buffer

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the medium are not absolutely essential for the fertilization of guinea pig eggs. However, fertilization takes place most efficiently in HCO3- -buffered medium. Capacitation, the acrosome reaction, and zona penetration by spermatozoa can occur in HCO3- -free media with synthetic organic buffers (i.e., MOPS, TES, HEPES, Tris, and TAPSO) but not as efficiently as in the HCO3- -buffered medium. It appears that HCO3- functions as more than just a pH-buffering molecule.
THE BIASING EFFECTS OF SUBORDINATE LIKEABLENESS ON LEADERS' RESPONSES TO POOR PERFORMERS: A LABORATORY AND A FIELD STUDY

A laboratory and a field study investigated the biasing effects of subordinate likableness on leaders' attributions for subordinate poor performance and their corrective actions toward subordinates. In the laboratory study, 96 undergraduate students served as leaders and were presented with a vignette describing an incident of poor performance committed by either a liked or a disliked subordinate. Leaders made attributions for the poor performance and then rated the appropriateness of a series of corrective actions. Analyses revealed that leaders made similar attributions for the poor performance of liked and disliked subordinates, but were more inclined to punish a disliked subordinate than a liked subordinate. A second study replicated these findings with 98 leaders in an actual organization. Implications of the results for disciplinary policies are discussed.
PREDICTORS OF MORTALITY IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED CRITICAL PERTUSSIS IN A LOW INCOME COUNTRY: NEW RESURGENCE IN 2013.

Background: Critical pertussis is characterized by severe respiratory failure, severe leukocytosis, pulmonary hypertension, septic shock and encephalopathy. Aim: To describe the clinical course of critical pertussis and identify predictors of death at the time of presentation for medical care. Methodology: retrospective study conducted in children’s hospital Tunisian PICU between 01 January and 31 october 2013. Patients with critical pertussis confirmed by RT-PCR and requiring mechanical ventilation were included. Predictors of death were studied. Results : A total of 17 patients were included. Median age was 50 days. Mortality was 23%. Predictors risk of mortality were high PRISM (p=0,007), shock (p=0,002), tachycardia (p=0,005), seizures (p=0,006), altered mental status(p=0,006), elevated WBC count (p=0,003) and hemodynamic support (p=0022). However difference did not reach statistical significance in comorbidity, pneumoniae, high pulmonary hypertension or exchange transfusion. Concomitant viral or bacterial coinfection wasn’t related to poor outcome. Conclusion: Young infants are at high risk to have critical pertussis. Despite advances in life support and the treatment of organ failure in childhood critical illness, critical pertussis remains difficult to treat.
Data from the Sun

The authors plan to implement an insolation data collection system in connection with a solar-energy research program of a local electric utility company. The system will be implemented in two independent parts. The hardware for the first part will consist of an IBM PC-compatible microcomputer equipped with a Metrabyte Dash-16 data acquisition system. The data acquisition hardware will be connected to five pyranometers. The five collection stations will be placed so as to simulate an actual solar power panel. The desired end-product of this data is the effect of cloud cover on solar power generation systems. The second part of the project begins by designing solar-energy data collection units, four of which will be located throughout Kansas. The data will be used to evaluate the various locations' potentials with respect to solar power production. >
Effects of noise exposure on development of tinnitus and hyperacusis: Prevalence rates 12 months after exposure in middle-aged rats.

Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats (n = 233) were unilaterally exposed to 12 different combinations of noise intensity, duration, and spectrum, while 46 rats served as sham-exposed controls. Rats were behaviorally tested for tinnitus and hyperacusis using gap-induced inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (Gap) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) using 60-dB SPL before noise-exposure and at regular intervals for 12 mo. 12-mo after noise exposure the middle-aged rats were then tested again for tinnitus and hyperacusis before collecting Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) thresholds. Collapsing across all noise exposure conditions a significant tinnitus-like deficit in responding to silent gaps was observed, with the most likely tinnitus pitch around 16 kHz. Rates of tinnitus 12-mo after noise exposure were greatest in groups receiving the four least intense noise doses (110-dB for 30, 60 and 120 min, and 116-dB for 30 min), while some of the greatest rates of hyperacusis occurred in groups receiving more intense or longer exposures. The results suggest that rates for developing tinnitus in animal models may not be easily predicted based upon noise exposure dose, but that low-to-moderate noise exposures may result in the greatest likelihood for producing tinnitus.
The Sale of State Tax Credits: A Tax Court Decision Isn’t a Temple of Doom

In Tempel v. Commissioner, decided in April 2011, the Tax Court came to a number of important conclusions about sales of state income tax credits that occurred shortly after the credits had been received. The gain was held to be capital gain (with the court implicitly concluding that the credits were property), but the holding period for the credits began at receipt and the taxpayers had no basis in the credits. The bottom line was that the gain was short-term capital gain, with no basis offset, a negative result for these taxpayers. But the Tax Court’s conclusion that the credits were capital assets creates planning opportunities for others.
Drugs in Racing: It's Déjà Vu All Over Again

This paper reviews quotes about alleged drug use in American horse racing in the mid-1970's with today's racing to find that little has changed on the racetrack scene.
Fault detection with nurbs-based metamodels

Developing the ability for a system to self-monitor its condition is a desirable feature in many modern engineering systems. This capability facilitates a maintenance-as-needed rather than a maintenance-as-scheduled paradigm, offering potential efficiency improvements and corresponding cost savings. By using continuously updated Non-Uniform Rational B-spline (NURBs) metamodels of system performance to monitor the system condition, the onset of incipient faults can be detected by comparison to a self-generated as-built system metamodel, providing a basis for determining off-normal operating conditions. This capability is demonstrated for three distinct fault conditions prevalent in brushless DC motors. The results show that this technique can be used to develop an as-built system metamodel, develop a current system model during system operation, and detect the presence of an incipient fault condition despite the compensation provided by a feedback control system.© 2006 ASME
Resynchronization of estrus in cattle of unknown pregnancy status using estrogen, progesterone, or both

Our objective was to develop treatments applied to cattle of unknown pregnancy status that would resynchronize the repeat estrus of nonpregnant females. In Exp. 1, previously inseminated dairy and beef heifers were assigned randomly to each of three treatments 13 d after AI: 1) no treatment (controls; n = 44); 2) 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) i.m. on d 13 and 20 at the time of insertion and removal of a used intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing insert (CIDR; P4 + ECP; n = 44); and 3) same as P4 + ECP without injections of ECP (P4; n = 42). The P4 + ECP (>90%) and P4 (>75%) protocols effectively synchronized repeat periods of estrus to 2 d and did not harm established pregnancies. In Exp. 2, treatments similar to those in Exp. 1 were applied to previously inseminated beef heifers (n = 439). Feeding 0.5 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA) from d 13 to 19 after AI replaced the CIDR as a source of progestin. Of those heifers not pregnant (n = 65) after the initial AI, more than 86% were reinseminated, but conception was decreased (P < 0.05) by 28 to 39% compared with controls. In Exp. 3, previously inseminated lactating beef cows at four locations were assigned within herd to each of three treatments: 1) no treatment (control; n = 307); 2) same as in Exp. 1, but with P4 + 1 mg of estradiol benzoate on d 13 and 20 (P4 + EB; n = 153); and 3) same as in Exp. 1, P4 + ECP (n = 149). Treatments with P4 plus estrogen did not decrease conception rates in pregnant cows at any location, but increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of nonpregnant cows returning to estrus between 19 and 23 d after timed AI from 29% in controls to 86% in P4 + EB and 65% in P4 + ECP cows. Conception rates at the return estrus were not decreased when treatments occurred between d 13 and 20. In Exp. 4, lactating beef cows were assigned as in Exp. 3 to each of three treatments: 1) no treatment (controls; n = 51); 2) P4 + ECP (n = 47), as in Exp. 1; and 3) a single injection of ECP on d 13 (n = 48). Previously established pregnancies were not harmed (P = 0.70), and return rates of nonpregnant cows did not differ (P = 0.78) among treatments. In summary, in both heifers and lactating beef cows, the P4-based resynchronization treatments increased synchronized return rates when estrus detection rates were low, had no negative effects on established pregnancies, and decreased or tended to decrease conception rates at the resynchronized estrus.
SMOS Optical Thickness Changes in Response to the Growth and Development of Crops, Crop Management, and Weather

Abstract The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) remote sensing satellite was launched by the European Space Agency in 2009. The L-band brightness temperature observed by SMOS has been used to produce estimates of both soil moisture and τ, the optical thickness of the land surface. Although τ should theoretically be proportional to the amount of vegetation present within a SMOS pixel, several initial investigations have not been able to confirm this expected behavior. However, when the noise in the SMOS τ product is removed, τ in the U.S. Corn Belt, a region of extensive row-crop agriculture, has a distinct shape that mirrors the growth and development of crops. We find that the peak value of SMOS τ occurs at approximately 1000 °C day (base 10 °C) growing degree days after the mean planting date of maize (corn). We can explain this finding in the following way: τ is directly proportional to the water column density of vegetation; maize contributes the most to growing season changes in τ in the Corn Belt; and maize reaches its maximum water column density at its third reproductive stage of development, at about 1000 °C day growing degree days. Consequently, SMOS τ could be used to monitor the phenology of crops in the Corn Belt at a spatial resolution similar to a U.S. county and a temporal frequency on the order of days. We also examined the magnitude of the change in SMOS τ over the growing season and hypothesized it would be related to the amount of accumulated solar radiation, but found this not to be the case. On the other hand, the change in magnitude was smallest for the year in which the most precipitation fell. These findings are rational since SMOS τ at the satellite scale is in fact a function of both vegetation and soil surface roughness, and soil surface roughness is reduced by precipitation. To fully explain changes in SMOS τ in the Corn Belt it appears that it will be necessary to use in situ and remotely-sensed observations along with agro-ecosystem models to account for land management decisions made by farmers that affect changes in soil surface roughness and all of the relevant biophysical processes that affect the growth and development of crops.
The US Food and Drug Administration, neurologists, and drug development and regulation

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) plays a vital role in the regulation of human drugs and therapeutic biologics. Most physicians, while aware of the broad reach of the FDA, are unaware of what the agency actually does and how it does it. Practicing neurologists should be aware of the role neurologists can play in drug development, the informational resources that the FDA provides to practitioners, and the process of submitting reports of suspected adverse drug reactions to the FDA.
Identification of a novel cis-acting element for fibroblast-specific transcription of the FSP1 gene.

TheFSP1 gene encodes a filament-binding S100 protein with paired EF hands that is specifically expressed in fibroblasts. This led us to look forcis-acting elements in theFSP1 promoter that might en...
Relational Learning with One Network: An Asymptotic Analysis

Theoretical analysis of structured learning methods has focused primarily on domains where the data consist of independent (albeit structured) examples. Although the statistical relational learning (SRL) community has recently developed many classification methods for graph and network domains, much of this work has focused on modeling domains where there is a single network for learning. For example, we could learn a model to predict the political views of users in an online social network, based on the friendship relationships among users. In this example, the data would be drawn from a single large network (e.g., Facebook) and increasing the data size would correspond to acquiring a larger graph. Although SRL methods can successfully improve classification in these types of domains, there has been little theoretical analysis addressing the issue of single network domains. In particular, the asymptotic properties of estimation are not clear if the size of the model grows with the size of the network. In this work, we focus on outlining the conditions under which learning from a single network will be asymptotically consistent and normal. Moreover, we compare the properties of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with that of generalized maximum pseudolikelihood estimation (MPLE) and use the resulting understanding to propose novel MPLE estimators for single network domains. We include empirical analysis on both synthetic and real network data to illustrate the findings. Appearing in Proceedings of the 14 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2011, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA. Volume 15 of JMLR: W&CP 15. Copyright 2011 by the authors.
Neuropathology Patterns and Introduction

Abstract The current chapter provides an introduction to the commonly utilized classification schemes and their historical background. The WHO 2016 scheme for CNS neoplasms is somewhat paradigm shifting in its use of integrated diagnoses, by combining classic histopathology with molecular signatures. To provide a somewhat simplified framework, a table lists the most common entities to consider based on patient age, location, and neuroimaging features. In addition, the 8 major patterns using low magnification microscopy at the front of the book are supplemented by an additional 24 higher magnification patterns, with common differential diagnoses listed for each one. Lastly, the use of ancillary studies is discussed, especially immunohistochemistry, which is typically the first tool utilized in clinical practice. A summary table of both lineage associated and surrogate molecular stains is provided for quick reference.
Complementary III–V heterojunction lateral NW Tunnel FET technology on Si

We demonstrate for the first time a technology which allows the monolithic integration of both p-type (InAs-Si) and n-type (InAs-GaSb) heterojunction Tunnel FETs (TFET) laterally on a Si substrate. The lateral heterojunction nanowire (NW) structures are implemented using top-down CMOS-compatible processes combined with Template-Assisted Selective Epitaxy (TASE) [1] of the III–V materials. Sub-40nm InAs-Si p-TFETs and InAs-GaSb n-TFETs have been fabricated and represent to the best of our knowledge the first lateral III–V heterostructure NW TFETs. The InAs-Si p-TFETs show excellent performance with average subthreshold swing, SS ave , of ∼70mV/dec. combined with an on-current, I on , of 4µA/µm at V DS = V GS = −0.5V. The InAs-GaSb n-TFETs have about an order of magnitude higher I on , but SS is deteriorated due to high interface traps density (D it ).
Activation and Inhibition of Cardiac Thin Filaments by Single and Multiple Domains Constructs of Human Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBP-C) at Low Calcium

We have previously shown that the C1 domain of human cardiac myosin binding protein-C (c-MyBP-C) produces a biphasic regulation of cardiac thin filaments at low calcium concentrations. Increasing [C1] first produces activation followed by inhibition of myosin-S1 ATP hydrolysis by cardiac thin filaments at higher [C1]. In contrast, domains C0 and C2 only inhibit and do not activate ATP hydrolysis at any concentration. N’-terminal proteins containing the C1 domain along with C0 or C2 (e.g., C0-PA-C1, C1-M-C2 and C0-PA-C1-M-C2) show a similar pattern of activation and inhibition of ATP hydrolysis at low calcium concentration as the C1 domain alone, but the concentrations required for maximum activation and inhibition are ∼10 fold lower than required using C1 alone.