cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Keeping Quality of Pasteurized Milk for Retail Sale Related to Code Date, Storage Temperature, and Microbial Counts.

Keeping quality of milk samples collected in original containers from fillers and stored at 1.7, 5.6, and 10.0 C remained organoleptically acceptable, on the average, 17.5, 12.1, and 6.9 days, respectively. Samples were tested for specific groups of bacteria at collection and when the milk became unacceptable (flavor score < 36). In addition to a total aerobic count the specific groups included pseudomonads, lipolytic, proteolytic, acid-producing, and coliform bacteria, and lipolytic and proteolytic pseudomonads. Keeping quality at any storage temperature was unrelated to the manufacturer's code date (last day product is to be sold). There was a significant correlation between keeping quality at 10.0-C storage and the other two storage temperatures, suggesting a practical test to measure keeping quality at the lower temperatures. Microbial counts, made at bottling and when the sample became unacceptable, were not consistently related to the time required for milk to become unacceptable at any storage temp...
Canonical Equation K 16 for Sample Covariance Matrices

In this chapter, we survey some results obtained for the n.s.f. of random Gram matrices with independent column vectors. It is interesting that, in this case, it is also possible to deduce a matrix canonical equation for the Stieltjes transforms of the limiting normalized spectral functions.
Investigation of children's intelligence quotient and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area in Pucheng county Shaanxi province before and after drinking water change

Objective To further understand the effect of anti-fluoride water on intellectual development of children and dental fluorosis in drinking water-type of endemic fluorosis area Pucheng county Shaanxi province.Methods Two hundred 8 to 12 years old children were randomly selected in endemic fluorosis area with changed water or unchanged water, in 2009 in Pucheng county Shaanxi province. Intelligence quotient(IQ) of children was measured by Raven's test. Children's dental fluorosis was examined by Dean's classification scheme. Results The rates of child dental fluorosis in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis areas were 28.50%(57/200), 87.88%(203/231) , respectively, the difference was statistically significant(x2 = 159.19, P＜ 0.01),while dental fluorosis indices were 0.57,1.97, was marginal, moderate epidemic. Children with IQ above 90 was accounted for 89.5% (179/200), 91.5% (183/200) in changed water and unchanged water endemic fluorosis area,respectively, the difference was not significant (x2 = 0.46, P ＞ 0.05). Conclusions Changed water may decrease the incidence of child dental fluorosis, but has no obvious effect on children's IQ development in endemic fluorosis area. Key words: Drinking; Fluorosis,dental; Intelligence
Critical action as a pathway to social mobility among marginalized youth

Marginalized youth's development occurs in contexts rife with racialized, gendered, and socioeconomic social identity threats and barriers to social mobility. An emergent line of inquiry suggests critical action-a component of critical consciousness, defined as engaging in individual or collective social action to produce social change-may bolster career development for those experiencing marginalization. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying critical action-career development associations are not well understood. Applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to 4 waves of longitudinal data from the Maryland Adolescent Development in Context Study (when participants were 17, 19, 21, and 29 years old), the authors explore the role of critical action for African American participants from lower-SES households (n = 261). The obtained model, which links critical action to career expectancies in adolescence and occupational attainment in adulthood, converges with earlier research linking critical consciousness to career development, social mobility pathways, and occupational attainment among marginalized youth. This study adds to previous literature by suggesting that critical action: (a) plays a significant role in fostering career expectancies in adolescence, particularly during high school, among marginalized youth; and (b) may promote the attainment of higher-status occupations in adulthood. Given the role of occupational attainment in social mobility and inclusion, these findings suggest an important mechanism by which social inequities may be narrowed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Scatterhoarders drive long‐ and short‐term population dynamics of a nut‐producing tree, while pre‐dispersal seed predators and herbivores have little effect

Summary 1.Both seed predators and herbivores can have profound effects on individual plant growth, reproduction and survival, but their population level effects are less well understood. While most plants interact with a suite of seed predators and herbivores over their life cycle, few studies incorporate the effects of multiple interacting partners and multiple life stages on plant population growth. 2.We constructed a matrix model using six years of data from a rare, seed-producing population of American chestnut (Castanea dentata). We combined field demographic data with published experimental results on the effects of pre-dispersal seed predators (weevils) and post-dispersal seed predators (scatter-hoarding vertebrates) and incorporated the effect of vertebrate herbivores estimated from the field data. We explored the impact of these three different animal interactions for short-term (transient) and long-term (asymptotic) tree population growth. In addition, we used the model to explore the conditions under which scatter-hoarding would function as a mutualism. 3.Seed predators had greater effect on both short- and long-term population growth than herbivores. Although weevil infestation can greatly reduce the probability of germination, pre-dispersal seed predators had smaller effects on both short- or long-term population growth than post-dispersal predators. The elasticities of weevil-related parameters were also small. The effect of browsers on both the short- and long-term population growth rate were the smallest of the effects studied. Post-dispersal seed predation affected population growth the most of the interactions studied. The probability of seed removal was amongst the largest elasticities, similar in magnitude to survival of large trees. 4.Synthesis Our results indicate that neither weevils nor the intensity of browse damage observed at our study site are likely to hinder tree regeneration or reintroduction, though both reduced population growth. Although researchers and forest managers often assume that seeds are unimportant for long-lived tree populations, our test of this assumption shows that scatterhoarders and other post-dispersal seed consumers can significantly limit natural regeneration. Forest management that alters scatterhoarder behaviour could have significant effects on tree population dynamics that are largely unexplored. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
P228 Fatty acid supplementation and asthma: a systematic review

Background Emerging evidence suggests that fatty acid supplementation has a direct effect on the inflammatory cascade, with recently discovered pro-resolving lipid mediators inducing anti-inflammatory mechanisms in animal studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the relationship between omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and respiratory outcomes in adult patients with asthma compared to non-supplementation. Methods We identified randomised controlled studies of fatty acid supplementation in adults with asthma through a systematic review of the databases Pubmed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL. Returned Results were screened, quality assessed and cross-checked according to the study inclusion criteria by two researchers. Results The search found seven high quality studies in the literature suitable for inclusion in the review. Four studies did not show a significant difference in FEV1 between intervention and control groups. Two studies showed an improvement with bronchodilator use, two did not. Three studies showed improvement in Asthma symptoms compared to two studies of no benefit. Two studies showed improvement in peak flow, whereas two did not. Small patient numbers recruited in the studies, differences in fatty acid supplementation at different dosages and lack of published studies limit the strength of evidence presented. Conclusion There is no significant evidence to suggest supplementation with fatty acids improve pulmonary function in adult patients with Asthma. Evidence for improvement in symptom control is unequivocal. Much of the data is from small short duration studies. Larger studies are required, with non-biologically active control, In the future to evaluate clinical correlation between supplementation and effect on asthma control.
A 61‐year‐old man with erythematous forearm papules three months after liver transplantation

A 61-year-old Caucasian man presented with papules on his left forearm and hand three months after liver transplantation: images from physical exam, pathology, and microbiology are presented. Skin biopsy confirmed the presence of fungal elements within the hair shaft, which is consistent with Majocchi granuloma, also known as nodular granulomatous perifolliculitis. A combination of fungal culture, microscopic morphology, and gene sequencing was used to identify the causative organism. The patient recovered with appropriate systemic antifungal therapy.
DO COMPASS TRIAL PARTICIPANTS REPRESENT PATIENTS IN EVERYDAY PRACTICE

In the COMPASS trial, the addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin reduced cardiovascular events but increased major bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral arterial disease (PAD). We aimed to assess the trial generalizability by investigating the prevalence and risk profile
Tracking Heroin Chic: The Abject Body Reconfigures the Rational Argument.

A recent fashion trend known as “heroin chic” challenges conventional modes of argumentation. Its popularization of abject, emaciated bodies presents an alternative to a logic of rationalism that g...
Quantitative Approaches to the Study of Gender

Leta Hollingworth applied her research skills to the question of “functional periodicity” and to other commonly held beliefs about gender. She was described as the “scientific pillar” of the first wave of feminism in that she insisted that scientific data, not prejudiced beliefs, be used to address questions related to gender (Shields, 1975, p. 855). How far have we advanced in our ability to use scientific data to address questions of gender? Quantitative methods, particularly the experiment, define the scientific approach in the field of psychology. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the contemporary use of quantitative methods to study gender-related behavior. Psychology has explored issues of gender from a scientific perspective since Hollingworth’s time, especially since the second wave of the Women’s Movement in the 1960s and 1970s led to renewed interest in the subject of gender. However, as will become clear, gender is a complex variable, and there are limits in the applicability of experimental methods. In many cases nonexperimental quantitative methods such as correlational designs are employed to allow for more information about how context influences gender-related behavior. If the correlational design is longitudinal and includes a variety of statistical controls, causal models can be tested. The application of multiple research approaches has helped us to make significant advances in our understanding of gender-related behavior within its rich societal context.
FIELDS IN STRATIFIED AND ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

Several models of stratified and/or anisotropic ionosphere are introduced in calculations of surface impedances that can be subsequently used for determining propagation parameters of waves in the terrestrial waveguide. The matrix formulations also yield amplitude and phase data for all the field components tangential to the boundaries of the various ionospheric shells which are concentric with the surface of the earth.
Orientation as Exploration: Video Game Training Modules as a Model for Learning by Discovery

Abstract “Library Voyage: Explore Chicago” is an iPad game used for the undergraduate library orientation at North Park University. The game, modeled after a video game training module, incorporates game-based learning principles that encourage exploration and discovery. This immersive approach was effective in meeting our learning outcomes for the orientation and developing students' sense of self-efficacy within the library.
Asymmetry of Retinopathy of Prematurity Border in the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity Study

Purpose To measure the location of the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) border in a sample of premature infants developed ROP and to determine the location for predicting subsequent development of referral-warranted ROP (defined as stage 3 ROP, zone I ROP, or plus disease) or treated ROP. Design Secondary analysis of data from an observational cohort study, the Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase Retinopathy of Prematurity study. Participants Infants with birth weight (BW) of less than 1251 g with at least 1 examination and imaging session at 34 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) or younger with ROP not meeting referral-warranted ROP and at least 1 subsequent examination at 36 weeks PMA or older. Methods The 5-image set from the first imaging session for each eligible eye was mosaicked, and measurements of the ROP border were made using Image J. Measurements were compared among 3 groups of eyes with ROP: (1) those that never developed referral-warranted ROP or received treatment, (2) those that developed referral-warranted ROP but did not receive treatment, and (3) those that received treatment. Main Outcome Measures Referral-warranted ROP and treated ROP. Results Three hundred seventeen eyes from 217 infants with mean BW of 755 g, mean gestational age (GA) of 25 weeks, and mean PMA of 33 weeks at first examination met study criteria. Of 211 eyes (66.6%) with sufficient-quality images for grading, 147 (69.7%) did not develop referral-warranted ROP or receive treatment, 36 (17.1%) developed referral-warranted ROP not requiring treatment, and 28 (13.3%) received treatment for ROP. Among all eyes, the disc-to-ROP border distance followed a consistent pattern, with nasal less than inferior less than superior less than temporal. In multivariate analysis adjusted by BW and GA, nasal ROP border distance was a significant predictor of the subsequent development of ROP that was treated (odds ratio, 0.86 for every 10-pixel increase in distance; P = 0.002). Conclusions Retinopathy of prematurity is located asymmetrically around the optic disc and is closest to the optic disc nasally. Location of ROP nasally at first imaging is a significant predictor for subsequent development of ROP that was treated.
Probabilistic Skill of Subseasonal Precipitation Forecasts for the East Africa–West Asia Sector during September–May

AbstractThe skill of submonthly forecasts of rainfall over the East Africa–West Asia sector is examined for starts during the extended boreal winter season (September–April) using three ensemble pr...
Changes in the number of binding sites for ribonucleic acid polymerase in chromatin of WI-38 fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate.

Abstract 1. When WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts form confluent monolayers, DNA synthesis and cell division almost completely cease. A change of medium causes these density-inhibited cells to proliferate and within 1h after the application of the stimulus there is an increase in template activity of the chromatin isolated from stimulated cells. 2. The number of binding sites for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was determined on chromatin from WI-38 cells by two different methods, i.e. incorporation of [3H]UTP into RNA in the absence of reinitiation, and incorporation of [γ-32P]GTP into chain termini. 3. Both methods indicate that the capacity of chromatin to bind E. coli RNA polymerase is increased in WI-38 cells stimulated to proliferate. 4. The increase in the number of binding sites for E. coli RNA polymerase parallels the increase in chromatin template activity and suggests that the latter reflects an increase in the number of initiation sites, rather than an increase in the rate of transcription.
Development of bivalent compounds as potential neuroprotectants for Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract In our efforts to further investigate the impact of the spacer and membrane anchor to the neuroprotective activities, a series of bivalent compounds that contain cholesterol and extended spacers were designed, synthesized and biologically characterized. Our results support previous studies that incorporation of a piperazine ring into the spacer significantly improved the protective potency of bivalent compounds in MC65 cell model. Spacer length beyond 21 atoms does not add further benefits with 21MO being the most potent one with an EC50 of 81.86 ± 11.91 nM. Our results also demonstrated that bivalent compound 21MO suppressed the production of mitochondria reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, our results confirmed that both of the spacer and membrane anchor moiety are essential to metal binding. Collectively, the results provide further evidence and information to guide optimization of such bivalent compounds as potential neuroprotectants for Alzheimer’s disease.
Single-Stage Adipofascial Turnover Flap as an Alternate Option for Large Nasal Defects Usually Requiring Two-Stage Forehead Flap.

Background Large nasal defects involving the tip, ala, and/or columella with denuded cartilage have traditionally required a two-stage forehead flap. As many Mohs patients are presenting older with increased medical comorbidities, a single-stage adipofascial turnover flap with a full-thickness skin graft was developed by the senior author as an alternative method. The authors hypothesize that the adipofascial turnover flap would have similar success rates and cost less than the forehead flap. Methods A retrospective review of all patients in the senior author's practice who underwent either a forehead flap or adipofascial turnover flap between January of 2016 and February of 2019 was conducted. The two groups were compared regarding success, complications, and cost. Results There were seven forehead flap patients and 11 patients with adipofascial turnover flaps. Overall complications were three of seven (43 percent) for the forehead flap group and one of 11 (9 percent) for the adipofascial turnover flap group. There was one mortality, one revision for asymmetry, and one with airflow obstruction in the forehead group. The adipofascial turnover flap group had one partial skin graft loss that healed with local wound care only. There were no flap failures in either group, and the cost savings averaged over $22,000 in the adipofascial turnover flap group. Conclusions The single-stage adipofascial turnover flap with full-thickness skin grafting is a safe, reliable, and less expensive alternate to the forehead flap. The forehead flap will remain a workhorse in nasal reconstruction, but multiple operations increase cost and may contribute to higher complication rates. The adipofascial turnover flap appears to be an efficacious and reasonable option compared with the forehead flap.
Underwater sound propagation modeling and the predictive probability of detection framework

The predictive probability of detection framework (PPD) provides a measure of uncertainty to the binary problem of signal detection in the situation of fluctuating received signal. The fluctuations can be from many causes, including short-term and difficult to predict propagation variability, long-term and possible to predict propagation variability, and noise variability. In PPD, the density functions covering all fluctuating-causing processes are combined and analyzed with respect to a benchmark to give a detection probability. In the traditional PPD analysis, the benchmark propagation loss is a somewhat general function of range, as are other quantities such as array gain. These provide reference levels for signal to noise ratio evaluation. With more detailed data-informed propagation modeling, including 3-D modeling, additional structure can be given to those functions, and the stochastic fluctuation aspects of the method can potentially be reduced, thereby altering computed maps of probability of detection. Example computations will be shown for spatially heterogeneous environments: canyons, slopes, and internal wave areas. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Connexin 43 Mutations Lead to Increased Hemichannel Functionality in Skin Disease

Gap junctional channels are specialized components of the cellular membrane that allow the intercellular passage of small metabolites, ions, and second messengers to maintain homeostasis. They are comprised of members of the connexin gene family that encode a wide array of proteins that are expressed in nearly every tissue type. Cx43 is perceived to be the most broadly expressed connexin in humans, with several genetic skin diseases being linked to Cx43 mutations specifically. These mutations, in large, produce a gain of functional hemichannels that contribute to the phenotypes of Erythrokeratoderma Variabilis et Progressiva (EKVP), Palmoplantar Keratodemra Congenital Alopecia-1 (PPKCA1), and others that produce large conductance and increased permselectivity in otherwise quiescent structures. Gaining functional hemichannels can have adverse effects in the skin, inducing apoptosis via Ca2+ overload or increased ATP permeability. Here, we review the link between Cx43 and skin disease. We aim to provide insight into the mechanisms regulating the normal and pathophysiological gating of these essential proteins, as well as address current therapeutic strategies. We also demonstrate that transient transfection of neuro-2a (N2a) cells with mutant Cx43 cDNA resulted in increased hemichannel activity compared to wild-type Cx43 and untransfected cells, which is consistent with other studies in the current literature.
Pheno-RNA, a method to identify genes linked to a specific phenotype: application to cellular transformation

ABSTRACT Cellular transformation is associated with dramatic changes in gene expression, but it is difficult to determine which regulated genes are oncogenically relevant. Here, we describe Pheno-RNA, a general approach to identify candidate genes associated with a specific phenotype. Specifically, we generate a “phenotypic series” by treating a non-transformed breast cell line with a wide variety of molecules that induce cellular transformation to various extents. By performing transcriptional profiling across this phenotypic series, the expression profile of every gene can be correlated with the transformed phenotype. We identify ~200 genes whose expression profiles are very highly correlated with the transformation phenotype, strongly suggesting their importance in transformation. Within biological categories linked to cancer, some genes show high correlations with the transformed phenotype, but others do not. Many genes whose expression profiles are highly correlated with transformation have never been linked to cancer, suggesting the involvement of heretofore unknown genes in cancer.
A new methodology of evaluation of overheating in buildings

Abstract Overheating in built environments during climate extreme heat events is a major concern to human health, particularly for people vulnerable to prolonged exposure to heat and humidity. However, currently available methods for assessing the risk of overheating lack robust procedures to evaluate the effects of overheating on the comfort and health of vulnerable occupants residing in the various different dwellings. This paper developed a general methodology to define and characterise overheating events and evaluate the risk to reduced comfort and undesirable health effects of building occupants exposed to extreme heat events. Criteria to declare overheating were developed based on heat-related health outcomes related to limits for body dehydration and core temperature of healthy average-age and older adults. The methodology was then applied to a case study of a residential building with typical local construction practice for cold climates and compared with existing methods for assessing risk from exposure to extreme heat events. The results showed that all the methods predicted that highly insulated and airtight buildings are more prone to overheating than older buildings that are less well insulated and airtight. However, only the proposed methodology described in this paper predicted that natural ventilation through opening windows significantly reduced the overheating risk to below the threshold value. Furthermore, multi criteria methods might be difficult to apply in practice in that it is not guaranteed to violate all the criteria to declare a building space is not overheated. The proposed methodology sets the groundwork for establishing a benchmark model from which different overheating metrics can be compared.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by Iron Complexes.

Developing well-defined iron-based catalysts for olefin metathesis would be a breakthrough achievement in the field not only to replace existing catalysts by inexpensive metals but also to attain a new reactivity taking advantage of the unique electronic structure of the base metals. Here, we present a two-coordinate homoleptic iron complex, Fe(HMTO)2 [HMTO=O-2,6-(2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 )2 C6 H3 ], that is capable of performing ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene to produce highly stereoregular polynorbornene (99 % cis, syndiotactic). The use of heteroleptic Fe(HMTO)(RO) [RO=(CH3 )2 CF3 CO, CH3 (CF3 )2 CO, or Ph(CF3 )2 CO] prepared in situ significantly increases the polymerization rate while preserving selectivity. The resulting polymers were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography.
Evolution and phylogenetics

Abstract This chapter describes the insights resulting from 25 years of research on the evolutionary history, phylogeny, and phylogeography of Galapagos giant tortoises. A hypothesis is presented that describes when and how tortoises arrived in Galapagos, identifies the tortoises’ closest living relatives, and outlines how tortoises colonized the different islands and volcanoes. Insights based on genetic data help explain the dynamics of Galapagos giant tortoise populations and impacts of natural events and human activities on current patterns and levels of genetic diversity in many of the species. Together this information on tortoise evolution and phylogenetics has provided critical guidance for tortoise conservation programs, particularly for priority setting and captive breeding and repopulation programs.
Concordance Between 21-Gene Recurrence Scores in Multifocal or Multicentric Breast Carcinomas Differs by Age and Histologic Subtype

Among patients with multifocal or multicentric (MF/MC) breast cancer (BC) of similar morphology, concordance in Oncotype DX recurrence scores (RS) between tumors has been reported to be 87%. The effect of age and variation in histologic subtypes on RS concordance according to TAILORx criteria is unknown. We identified patients with MF/MC, estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, node-negative BC with two or more RS results treated at our institution from 2009 to 2018. Patients were analyzed by age group (≤ 50 and > 50 years). Low- and high-risk cut-offs were RS ≤ 25 and > 25 for age > 50 years, and RS ≤ 20 and > 20 for age ≤ 50 years. RS concordance was defined as no change in management based on RS variation between lesions. Overall, 120 patients with MF/MC BC were identified—82 (68.3%) aged > 50 years and 38 (31.7%) aged ≤ 50 years. Patients aged ≤ 50 years had higher mean RS for both multifocal (20 vs. 14; p = 0.006) and multicentric (17 vs. 13; p = 0.003) tumors and more frequently had high-risk tumors (p 50 years, 95.1% had RS concordance between tumors (same subtype, 98.2%; variable subtype, 88.9%; p = 0.1). Among patients aged ≤ 50 years, RS concordance was 81.6%. Among patients with MF/MC BC, RS concordance was high, particularly in those aged > 50 years with tumors of the same histologic subtype. RS testing of one focus may be sufficiently prognostic and predictive in patients aged > 50 years, regardless of subtype concordance. Testing of individual foci should be considered in patients aged ≤ 50 years due to a higher likelihood of RS discordance.
Functions and Mechanisms of the Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1 in Brain and Spinal Cord Injury

The voltage-gated proton channel Hv1 is a newly discovered ion channel that is highly conserved among species. It is known that Hv1 is not only expressed in peripheral immune cells but also one of the major ion channels expressed in tissue-resident microglia of the central nervous systems (CNS). One key role for Hv1 is its interaction with NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic pH. Emerging data suggest that excessive ROS production increases and requires proton currents through Hv1 in the injured CNS, and manipulations that ablate Hv1 expression or induce loss of function may provide neuroprotection in CNS injury models including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord injury. Recent data demonstrating microglial Hv1-mediated signaling in the pathophysiology of the CNS injury further supports the idea that Hv1 channel may function as a key mechanism in posttraumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the main findings of Hv1, including its expression pattern, cellular mechanism, role in aging, and animal models of CNS injury and disease pathology. We also discuss the potential of Hv1 as a therapeutic target for CNS injury.
Psychosocial Adaptation to Chronic Illness and Disability: An Updated and Expanded Conceptual Framework:

The article revisits and updates an earlier model (Livneh, 2001) that examined the building blocks that constitute the dynamics of psychosocial adaptation to chronic illness and disability (CID). I...
Embodied Perception and Action in Real and Virtual Environments

In this chapter, we argue that the body is an essential factor in how people scale their perceptions of and actions in both real and virtual environments. We first review work showing that the size and posture of the body can influence perception and decisions about action in the real world. For example, the perception of whether real-world apertures can be walked through is scaled to the current position of the body (i.e., holding the body in a wider stance leads to the need for larger apertures in order to pass). We then show that conveying a different visual body size to observers using virtual reality can produce changes in the perception of scale in virtual environments. For example, observers may rescale their perceptions of what they can step over when embodying a different sized foot in virtual reality. Finally, states of the body, such as emotions, may also play a role in perceptions of certain aspects of the scale of real and virtual environments. Overall, we argue that embodiment contributes to perceptual and action processes, allowing us to scale the world according to our body’s current action capabilities.
Enhancing the Spatial Policy Framework with Ecological Analysis

The spatial distribution and redistribution of population and economic activities is critically important to a nation’s life and future. Geographical separation and interpenetration both constrain and facilitate social interaction, economic organization, institutional roles and capacities, and political life. Whether concern is with distribution among states or broad geographic regions, metropolitan or nonmetropolitan areas, central cities or suburbs within metropolises, where people live or work, or where social and economic activities are located, spatial distribution affects virtually every aspect of social, economic, and political life. Accordingly, nations have a legitimate interest in creating policies to influence their spatial organization. The President’s Commission on Population Growth and the American Future pointed out over two decades ago, however, that public policy responses to spatial distributional issues in the United States have been fragmented and problem-oriented. They have not embodied a comprehensive set of objectives that would contribute to overall national goals of economic efficiency, socioeconomic equity, community stability, environmental protection, and freedom of locational choice (Mazie 1972). As Alonso (1972) stressed at that time, one of the reasons we lack a “national strategy of urbanization” is because we lack an adequate understanding of spatial distribution as a system. Moreover, he observed that this lack of systemic understanding has contributed to ineffective distribution policies as well as to nondistribution policies that have strong, unanticipated geographic results. We have learned much about the dynamics of spatial distribution since the commission submitted its report to President Nixon in 1972, but, for the most part, Alonso’s critique is still valid today.
Adherence to practice guidelines for atypical glandular cells on cervical cytology.

BACKGROUND: Atypical glandular cells (AGC) on cervical cytology are high–risk, requiring an extensive evaluation. Compliance with practice guidelines for AGC, however, has been low. Some AGC cytology reports contain cytopathologist recommendations for evaluation. This study determines whether evaluation rates for AGC have improved over time, and whether cytopathologists' recommendations correlate with the types of evaluation women receive. METHODS: Evaluation rates from 284 women with AGC (2004-2007) were compared with findings from 1998-2001. Rates of evaluations were compared based on cytology report recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 76.1% of the AGC cases had histologic sampling, and 58.8% had a comprehensive evaluation. These rates are higher than those from 1998-2001 (63.5% and 35.8%, respectively; P<.01). Rates of evaluations of women with AGC “favor neoplasia” did not increase between the 2 time periods. Between 2004-2005 and 2006-2007, rates of comprehensive initial evaluations and endometrial sampling in women ≥35 years of age did not increase. Of the AGC reports that did contain cytopathologist recommendations, 28% were consistent with practice guidelines, 26% recommended an incomplete histologic evaluation, and 46% recommended repeat cytology. Women whose AGC report recommended a comprehensive evaluation or any histologic evaluation were more likely to have a comprehensive work–up (79%) than those whose reports did not contain recommendations (55%, P <0.01) or recommended repeat cytology (51%, P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to practice guidelines for the evaluation of women with AGC has improved but continues to be suboptimal. Our findings suggest that continuing education and including practice guidelines on AGC cytology reports may improve compliance. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013;121:47–53 © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Where do we go from here? Meeting Report on the Biophysical Society Discussion on ‘Probing Membrane Microdomains’, October 28–31, 2004, Asilomar, CA, USA

Biophysicists have long been interested in the phase behavior of lipids and the specialized roles that cholesterol plays in membranes. These questions have enjoyed renewed interest in light of the development of the lipid raft model. However, the relationship between so-called liquid-ordered domains in vitro and in vivo remains uncertain. Despite the ease of generating cholesterol-enriched microdomains in simple lipid mixtures, lipid rafts have proven remarkably difficult to identify in intact cells. The call for papers for the recent Biophysical Society Discussion meeting on ‘Probing Membrane Microdomains’ described the raft field as having reached a technical impasse. How can we best study these elusive domains? In this meeting report, I summarize the efforts of the biophysical community to increase our knowledge of raft structure and dynamics. Streaming video of the meeting is available on the Biophysical Society website at http:// www.biophysics.org.
Psychology of Men

The study of sex and gender differences in psychology has a long and distinguished history. However, a field of psychology explicitly devoted to the study of the psychology of men is a relatively recent development. Beginning as a response to the feminist critique of traditional gender roles that gained prominence in the late 1960s, the psychology of men is now an established specialization within developmental, clinical, and counseling psychology. The American Psychological Association has established a division, the Society for the Psychological Study of Men and Masculinity, devoted to this psychology of men. In addition, a number of national organizations, such as the National Organization of Men against Sexism, have sections and interest groups devoted to issues pertaining to the psychology of men. Keywords: gender socialization; feminism; sex differences; men and masculinity
Muslim sound, public space, and citizenship agendas in an American City

Based on fieldwork in a small Michigan city, this study examines a contestation over the right for Muslims to broadcast the Islamic call to prayer, or adhan, into the streets. At stake in such contestations over public space is a struggle over conflicting citizenship agendas, or ideological formations seeking to advance particular models for good citizenship and the acceptable integration of minorities. Some Hamtramck citizens who identified themselves as interfaith actors advocated a citizenship agenda to support the call to prayer based on a material and spatial conception of shared civic culture that challenged assumptions about political differences between religious communities. To forward these aims, interfaith actors organized public ritual events that offered opportunities for visceral and experiential investments into the sights, sounds, and ceremonies of Hamtramck's religiously diverse public arena. This strategy encouraged people to a cross boundaries into previously exclusive religious spaces ...
Survey of how pediatric cardiologists noninvasively evaluate patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Background The evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function is important in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). Echocardiographic qualitative grading has been the prevalent method used in the past, but newer technologies allowing for quantitative assessment of RV function may have changed this fact. The goal of this study was to determine the current routine noninvasive evaluation of patients with HLHS and what, if any, methods are used to assess systolic and diastolic function in this population. Methods Web-based survey was conducted using various listservs. Timing of echocardiograms between surgical stages was assessed. Methods of assessing systolic and diastolic function were evaluated. Results Two hundred seventy-seven physicians who averaged 12.8 ± 9.6 years removed from training responded. Largest percentage of respondents was echocardiographers (44.2%) in a university-based practice (73.3%) from North America (91.7%). There were 54.3% of respondents who performed echocardiograms monthly between stages I and II, 48.8% who performed echocardiograms every 6 months between stages II and III, and 67.0% who performed echocardiograms annually after stage III procedure. The main method for systolic grading was qualitative grading (95.5%) and for diastolic grading were tricuspid blood inflow velocities (56.8%). Qualitative grading was considered the method of choice for systolic grading for 38.8% of respondents and tissue Doppler velocities was the method of choice for diastolic grading for 35.3% of respondents. There were 4.0% of respondents who routinely perform a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) between stages I and II, 8.0% between stages II and III, and 24.2% after stage III procedure. Conclusion Variability in the noninvasive assessment of the RV in patients with HLHS continues to exist. Qualitative RV systolic assessment was still the predominant method used to assess function despite newer imaging techniques to allow for quantification. Future studies are needed to determine which values are most useful in reviewing function in this complex patient population.
The microprocessor support peripheral family and the direct access test methodology

Designs using LSI peripherals could have testability problems when peripheral I/O's are embedded within the design. A designer must contend with both lack of circuit knowledge and time when developing production test programs for new LSI ASIC offerings. This paper will introduce Intel's microprocessor support peripheral family and the direct access test scheme (DAT). The DAT was developed to isolate each peripheral and allow all signals to be controllable and observable from the package pins. Isolating peripherals allows the designer to use the standard duct test programs. Each MSPF cell will be discussed and compared with its standard product equivalent. Built-in test modifications and additions to the peripherals will be outlined. Testability rules and guidelines are included. >
A polar fluid estimate of relative force

A general expression for the relative force on a fluid's microstructure is derived. It is shown that for polar fluids this force reduces to the lateral force proposed by Segre and Silberberg to cause the migration of a suspended particle.
Abstract 16929: Are Patients Implanted with a Ventricular Assist Device as Destination Therapy Created Equal? Analysis of Outcomes by Implant Indications

Introduction: A growing number of patients are implanted with a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) for destination therapy (DT). Hypothesis: We sought to determine if indication for DT was associated with adverse events and survival. Methods: Between May 2004 and May 2014, 211 patients (age 66 (19-82), 89% male) underwent implantation of a HeartMate II CF-LVAD. The cohort was stratified according to primary listed indication for DT at time of implant: Group 1=advanced age (n=124, 59%); Group 2=high BMI (n=33, 16%), and Group 3=end-organ comorbidities (n=54, 25%). DT patients who later became BTT were eliminated for homogeneity. Results: Follow-up was available in all patients for a total of 376 patient-years of support (median 1.4 years). Preoperative characteristics (creatinine 1.5, INTERMACS 3, IABP 49%) were comparable between groups (all p>0.05). Overall 1, 3 and 5-year survival was 81%, 58%, and 41%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed comparable survival between groups stratified by DT indications (Figure, p=0.07). While gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was more frequent in patients implanted for advanced age DT indications (p=0.01, group 1 vs group 2 and 3), the incidence of adverse events (pump thrombus/exchange, stroke) was comparable between groups. After adjusting for covariates (creatinine, hemoglobin, prior sternotomy and diabetes), Cox regression analysis demonstrated only preoperative renal dysfunction (HR 1.86 CI 1.28, 2.69; p=0.001) and lower Hemoglobin (HR 0.82 CI 0.71, 0.95; p=0.008) were associated with late mortality after implantation. Conclusions: Advanced age remains the most frequent contemporary indication for DT in patients undergoing CF-LVAD implantation. Indication for DT implantation does not influence long-term survival. Elderly patients may be at greater risk of GI bleeding events. These results continue to favor a uniform selection process across the spectrum of DT indications.
Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in a Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

As obesity has become a more common problem in childhood, the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among children has increased. Approximately 70-80% of obese children have some degree of NAFLD, a precursor for liver failure and/or hepatocellular carcinoma as well as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While the molecular mechanisms of this disease are beginning to be elucidated, there is no standard pharmacologic therapy. Oxidative stress is a significant factor in disease progression, thus antioxidant therapy has potential utility. In the current study, 10 week old normal (Db/db) and obese diabetic mice with NAFLD (db/db) were treated for six weeks with vehicle or Mitotempol, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant. The effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolism in liver was evaluated through measurement of gene (RT-PCR) and protein expression (immunoblots), along with hepatic triglyceride levels. Enzymes involved in oxidative stress were not affected by t...
Diamond Ablators for Inertial Confinement Fusion

Diamond has a unique combination of physical properties for the inertial confinement fusion ablator application, such as appropriate optical properties, high atomic density, high yield strength, an...
Private Mutual Authentication and Conditional Oblivious Transfer

A bi-directional Private Authentication, or Unlinkable Secret Handshake, allows two parties to authenticate each other as certified by given certification authorities (i.e. affiliated with given groups), in a mutually private way, in the sense that the protocol leaks no information about either participant to a party which does not satisfy that participant's authentication policy. In particular, the protocol hides what group this participant belongs to, and protocol instances involving the same participant are unlinkable. We construct the first realization of such private authentication using O(1) exponentiations and bilinear maps, secure under Strong Diffie-Hellman and Decisional Linear assumptions. Our protocols rely on a novel technical tool, a family of efficient Private Conditional Oblivious Transfer (COT) protocols, secure under DDH, for languages defined by modular arithmetic constraints (e.g. equality, inequality, sums, products) on discrete-log representations of some group elements. (Recall that (w 1,...,w n ) is a representation of C in bases (g 1,...,g n ) if $C=g_1^{w_1}...g_n^{w_n}$.) A COT protocol for language L allows sender S to encrypt message m "under" statement x so that receiver R gets m only if R holds a witness for membership of x in L, while S learns nothing. A private COT for L hides not only message m but also statement x from any R that does not know a witness for x in L.
Cannabis and Eicosanoids: A Review of Molecular Pharmacology

Abstract Many constituents of cannabis exhibit beneficial anti-inflammatory properties, such as ? 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) in hemp seed oil. The effects of these cannabis constituents on eicosanoid metabolism is reviewed. THC and GLA modulate the arachidonic acid cascade, inhibiting the production of series 2 prostaglandins and series 4 leukotrienes. Canna-binoid receptor — as well as non-receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways appear to be involved. It is proposed that THC acts as a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor.