cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The overlap between cyberbullying and traditional bullying

Abstract Purpose Cyberbullying appears to be on the rise among adolescents due in part to increased access to electronic devices and less online supervision. Less is known about how cyberbullying differs from traditional bullying which occurs in person and the extent to which these two forms overlap. Our first aim was to examine the overlap of traditional bullying (relational, verbal, and physical) with cyberbullying. The second aim examined student- and school-level correlates of cyber victimization as compared to traditional victims. The final aim explored details of the cyberbullying experience (e.g., who sent the message, how was the message sent, and what was the message about). Methods Data came from 28,104 adolescents (grades, 9–12) attending 58 high schools. Results Approximately 23% of the youth reported being victims of any form of bullying (cyber, relational, physical, and verbal) within the last month, with 25.6% of those victims reporting being cyberbullied. The largest proportion (50.3%) of victims reported they were victimized by all four forms, whereas only 4.6% reported being only cyberbullied. Multilevel analyses indicated that as compared to those who were only traditionally bullied, those who were cyberbullied were more likely to have externalizing (odds ratio = 1.44) and internalizing symptoms (odds ratio = 1.25). Additional analyses examined detailed characteristics of the cyberbullying experiences, indicating a relatively high level of overlap between cyber and traditional bullying. Conclusions Implications for preventive interventions targeting youth involved with cyberbullying and its overlap with other forms of bullying are discussed.
Displacement profiles and displacement-length scaling relationships of thrust faults constrained by seismic-reflection data

This study used high-resolution, two- and three-dimensional, seismic-reflection data from the Niger Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Magdalena Basin to analyze displacement profile patterns and scaling relationships between the maximum displacement and length ( D max v . L ) of thrust faults, referred to as displacement-length scaling relationships. The thrust faults mapped in this study exhibited highly variable displacement profiles, both in terms of shape and overall magnitude of displacement. A robust power-law displacement-length scaling relationship was obtained for all three data sets combined, yielding a scaling relationship ( n = 0.87) close to the linear fit most often observed for normal faults and thrust faults. At the regional scale, however, a robust fit was obtained only for the Sichuan Basin, and with a nonlinear displacement-length scaling relationship ( n = 0.58) suggesting scale dependence in this region. Many displacement profiles exhibited steep displacement gradients at the fault tips and shallow gradients in between, often with multiple maxima. These features are interpreted with conceptual growth models for thrust faults: hard linkage and soft linkage fault interaction models, a detachment linkage fault interaction model, and an overburden-limited, fault-growth model.
Metallgesellschaft: A Prudent Hedger Ruined, or a Wildcatter on NYMEX?

INTRODUCTION The travails of the firm Metallgesellschaft (MG) have received much attention in both academic circles and the financial press. The battle lines on the issue are clearly drawn. On one side, critics of MG [including Mello and Parsons, (1995)] claim that the firm’s energy market trading was rashly speculative, and as a result of adverse movements in oil prices, the firm suffered real mark-to-market losses of as much as one billion dollars. On the other side, defenders of the firm—notably Culp and Miller (1994)—claim that the firm employed a prudent and potentially very lucrative strategy of hedging long-term energy delivery obligations with short-term futures and swaps. In this view, MG’s bankers mistook a mere liquidity problem resulting from margin calls on futures positions for a full-blown insolvency crisis, unwisely unwound the firm’s hedge position, and prematurely terminated some of its long-term delivery contracts. Which view is correct ultimately depends upon the dynamics of energy prices, and how these dynamics affect optimal hedge ratios. MG implemented a barrel-for-barrel hedge. That is, it bought one barrel of short-term energy futures or swaps for each barrel of oil it was committed to deliver, regardless of whether it was obligated to deliver in 6 months or 10 years. There are strong reasons to believe a priori that this hedging strategy forced the firm to bear more risk than necessary. However, Culp and Miller defend the one-for-one hedge, claiming that MG employed an innovative synthetic storage (or carrying charge hedging) strategy that
Sodium oxybate for the treatment of fibromyalgia

Introduction: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a short-chain fatty acid that is synthesized within the CNS, mostly from its parent compound gamma amino butyric acid (GABA). GHB acts as a neuromodulator/neurotransmitter to affect neuronal activity of other neurotransmitters and so, stimulate the release of growth hormone. Its sodium salt (sodium oxybate: SXB) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of narcolepsy. SXB has shown to improve disrupted sleep and increase NR3 (slow-wave restorative) sleep in patients with narcolepsy. It is rapidly absorbed and has a plasma half-life of 30 – 60 min, necessitating twice-nightly dosing. Most of the observed effects of SXB result from binding to GABA-B receptors. Areas covered: Several randomized, controlled trials demonstrated significantly improved fibromyalgia (FM) symptoms with SXB. As seen in narcolepsy trials, SXB improved sleep of FM patients, increased slow-wave sleep duration as well as delta power, and reduced frequent night-...
Persecutory Guilt, Surveillance and Resistance: The Emotional Themes of Early Childhood Educators

This research examines the emotional themes and discourse of emotion of early childhood educators using a post-structuralist theoretical framework of emotion. The data selected and analyzed is taken from 4 two-hour discussion groups that were conducted over an eight-week period with four female early childhood educators. The emotional themes and patterns that emerged from the discussion groups and artifacts, teacher journals, and follow-up interviews were analyzed and then followed with a micro-level analysis. The findings revealed that the three most common emotion words discussed were 'stress', 'worry', and 'frustration', which were linked to surveillance and a discourse around persecutory guilt through institutional and relational systems, fostering implicit resistance among participants.
Assessing Public Library Efficiency Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Linear programming Data Envelopment Analysis is used to determine the relative efficiency of 184 libraries in New York (U.S.A.). Efficiency is defined as whether or not a library could reduce the inputs it uses equiproportionately and still produce the same output. Inputs are defined programmatically: holdings, opening hours, serials and new books. Output is internal and external circulation. The subject libraries operate at just 67% efficiency, i.e., inputs could be reduced by one-third without sacrificing output if all libraries were as efficient as the benchmark 23 identified by DEA. Too many hours of opening is the main source of inefficiency.
Two Wrongs Don't Make a Right: State and Private Organic Certification in New Zealand Dairy:

The global agrifood system is governed by a wide array of organic labels, certifications, and standards. Many of these labels are private, third-party certifications rather than strictly governmental standards; even many national organic standards such as the United States Department of Agriculture National Organic Program (USDA NOP) are actually a hybridization of state-led and private regulatory schemes. Both state-led and private agricultural regulations raise concerns over their relevance to local environments, consistent and transparent application, and extent of democratic stakeholder involvement. This study compares two organic regulations—the USDA NOP and Demeter International—in New Zealand's dairy industry on these key issues of relevance, consistency, transparency, and democracy. I find that the hybrid state/private regulation of the USDA NOP has replicated weaknesses of both state and private regulatory models: the monolithic and hegemonic nature of state regulation has combined with the lack ...
Comparison of temperature distribution in model food cylinders based on Maxwell's equations and Lambert's law during pulsed microwave heating

Two-percent agar gel cylinders were heated using pulsed and continuous microwave energy. Temperature distribution inside the sample was measured and compared with numerical predictions based on the Lambert's law and Maxwell's equations. The Maxwell's equations account for the standing wave effect inside the sample, the Lambert's law does not. The results show that the predictions based on the Maxwell's equations are statistically more accurate than those based on the Lambert's law, especially around the sample edge. The measured temperature distributions and the corresponding predictions using both models indicate better temperature uniformity in the agar gel cylinders under pulsed microwave heating, though the total process time is longer, than under continuous microwave heating.
Gregory of Nyssa on the Reciprocity of the Virtues

Readers of Gregory of Nyssa have often remarked on the significance of the virtues to his theology. However, a central aspect of his understanding of the virtues has received insufficient attention: the notion that the virtues reciprocally entail one another. It is argued that Gregory uses a single theory to describe the interrelations between the virtues both as they exist in humans and as they exist in God. This theory is the reciprocity thesis, which posits that if one virtue is present, all the virtues must be present. The possible philosophical sources for Gregory's view and some problems with it are examined.
Precipitation of microsize organic particles from supercritical fluids

The precipitation of organic particles from supercritical fluids (SF) by expansion (SFX) has become an interesting alternative to milling without thermal decomposition. The authors report how through the rapid expansion process, a dramatic change of the solute supersaturation ratio was created causing subsequent precipitation with a narrow particle-size distribution. It was found that {beta}-carotene precipitates from SF ethylene and ethane have the feed material crystallinity. However, SF CO{sub 2} reacted with {beta}-carotene and did not give characteristic {beta}-carotene X-ray spectra. The mean particle sizes of these precipitates were in the submicron range (ca 0.3 {mu}m). Increased solubility was obtained by addition of toluene as cosolvent in SF ethylene. It was found that the mean size of {beta}-carotene particles, generally remained unchanged if the toluene concentration was less than 1 1/2 mol %. The SFX process appears to be in a single fluid phase when up to 1 1/2 mol % toluene cosolvent is used.
Use of coupled ion mobility spectrometry-time of flight mass spectrometry to analyze saturated and unsaturated phenylpropanoic acids and chalcones

In metabolite profiling screens or analyses, where generic separation and analysis conditions are used in efforts to measure as many metabolites as possible, overlapping signals from very similar molecules often make it very difficult if not impossible to separate and identify specific molecules of specific classes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of coupling ion mobility spectrometry to UPLC-TOFMS (UPLC-Q-IMS-TOFMS) as a means to separate and identify saturated and unsaturated phenylpropanoic acids and chalcones, phenylpropanoid-acetate pathway derived compounds that are common in plant extracts. This approach readily separated most of the unsaturated phenylpropanoid acids (t-cinnamate, p-coumarate, caffeate, ferulate) from the corresponding saturated (dihydro-) compounds, and analysis of two dimensional plots of mass/charge ratio values versus ion mobility drift time revealed that the other compounds can indeed be distinguished. However, this approach was less effective for the larger chalcones. UPLC-Q-IMS-TOFMS is a promising tool to enable the separation, identification and quantification of very similar molecules. Although it has its limitations, as was seen for the chalcones that were not well separated in this investigation, ion mobility spectrometry nevertheless adds an additional level of characterization to large-scale metabolomic screens, which increases the power of such screens without the demand for multiple analyses using very different column chemistries.
Information Hang-overs in Healthcare Service Systems

The literature on business process design has focused on issues such as bottlenecks, workflow configuration (series versus parallel), replacing an existing workflow with a shorter one, etc. One important issue that has not received adequate attention is the information-intensive nature of medical service systems. Performance of clinical workflows depends not only on how various steps are carried out but also on when certain information items are collected. We report the results of a long-term empirical study that looked at the implementation of a radiology information system (RIS) at a large regional network of radiology clinics. We find that a failure to gather necessary clinical background information in earlier steps significantly delays later steps and causes them to hang over, with a significant impact on the total turnaround time of diagnostic reports. We show that information systems can solve this problem by separating the task of gathering information from its usage and relocating that task upstream in the workflow. We argue that such unbundling can lead to shorter report turnaround times even if it significantly increases the utilization of the bottleneck server. These results have broader implications for the optimal design of other clinical workflows, such as the process of filling prescriptions in pharmacies or the typical surgical preanesthesia evaluation in hospitals. Finally, we explain why the impact of addressing hang-over is often nonuniform across clinical modalities, providers, and patient types.
A pliable hybrid architecture for code isolation

The unprecedented growth of computing power and communication bandwidth in the last few decades has driven an explosion in the size and complexity of application software. Specifically, it has spurred an almost universal adoption of modular and extensible software designs, from ordinary PC applications, to operating systems kernels, and even to embedded systems. In many cases, however, the ability to extend software systems has come hand in hand with the need to isolate them from untrusted or potentially faulty extensions. This dissertation will focus on the important problem of code isolation, where existing techniques vary in many and often interrelated dimensions such as granularity, code complexity, invocation latency, dynamism, isolation strategy, permissible extension functionality, and degree of integration with the operating system kernel. Specifically, the implementation of a particular technique imposes restrictions on the properties of extensions. Examples include proof-based techniques that are only applicable to simple extensions of small granularity, hardware-based isolation techniques that typically incur a measurable invocation latency due to hardware re-configuration overhead, and programming language techniques that impose implementation and compiler restrictions. The goal of this dissertation is to explore the design space of code isolation techniques, identify characteristics of individual approaches, and then argue for and design a hybrid approach that combines their advantages while avoiding their drawbacks. The contributions of this thesis will be threefold: (1) a taxonomy of metrics and properties relevant to software code isolation techniques, (2) the design and implementation of a novel hybrid architecture for safe kernel extension with pliable characteristics, and (3) an evaluation of the hybrid approach and comparison with homogeneous alternatives.
Fixing races for fun and profit: how to abuse atime

Dean and Hu proposed a probabilistic countermeasure to the classic access(2)/open(2) TOCTTOU race condition in privileged Unix programs [4]. In this paper, we describe an attack that succeeds with very high probability against their countermeasure. We then consider a stronger randomized variant of their defense and show that it, too, is broken. We conclude that access(2) must never be used in privileged Unix programs. The tools we develop can be used to attack other filesystem races, underscoring the importance of avoiding such races in secure software.
Effects of Sweeping, Color and Luminance Distribution on Response to Automotive Stop Lamps

This paper discusses neon vehicle stop lamps and light emitting diode (LED) vehicle stop lamps. Research shows that an LED stop lamp with the same luminous intensity as a neon lamp results in shorter driver reactions times than the neon stop lamp. There are 2 major distinctions between the two stop lamps: 1) the color of the two stop lamps vary - they have different dominant wavelengths; 2) the luminance distribution of the two stop lamps differ. The safety effects of stop lamp sweeping are also discussed.
Rapid recalibration based on optic flow in visually guided action

Action capabilities are always subject to limits. Whether on foot or in a vehicle, people can only move so fast, slow down so quickly, and turn so sharply. The successful performance of almost any perceptual-motor task requires actors to learn and continually relearn their ever-changing action capabilities. Such learning can be considered an example of perceptual-motor calibration. The present study includes two experiments designed to address basic questions about the nature of this calibration process. Subjects performed a simulated braking task, using a foot pedal to slow down to a stop in front of an obstacle in the path of motion. At one point in the experiment, the strength of the brake was increased or decreased unbeknownst to subjects, and behavior before and after the change in brake strength was analyzed for evidence of recalibration. Experiment 1 showed that actors rapidly recalibrate following a change in brake dynamics, even when they are unaware of the change. In Experiment 2, the scene turned black one second after braking was initiated. Subjects still recalibrated following the change in brake strength, suggesting that information in the sensory consequences of the initial brake adjustment is sufficient for recalibration, even in the absence of feedback about the outcome (i.e., in terms of final position error) of the task. Discussion focuses on the critical but often overlooked role of calibration in continuously controlled visually guided action, and the nature of the information used for recalibration.
Occam's razor or Hickam's dictum: a rare case of pulmonary embolism after myocardial infarction and stroke from aortic arch thrombi.

Learning point for clinicians Aortic arch thrombus must be considered in the differential of acute stroke complicating cardiac catheterization, in a young patient who presents with myocardial infarction. A high degree of suspicion is essential as aortic arch thrombi may not be visible on routine transthoracic echocardiogram and may require further imaging with a TEE or CT/MRI of the chest. Early recognition of this condition is very important as it may improve outcomes. A 35-year-old woman with history of hypertension, diabetes and smoking presented to an outside hospital with chest pain and dyspnea on exertion. Electrocardiogram showed >1 mm of ST-elevation in inferior leads. An urgent coronary angiography demonstrated 99% stenosis with thrombus in the distal right coronary artery. Percutaneous coronary intervention with drug eluting stent was performed; during which she developed right sided hemiparesis …
Thoughts about the Name of Our Discipline

This essay addresses the name of our discipline. Discussion of the use of the term, nursology, focuses on the origin of the term, its use as a name for our discipline and its use as a research method and a practice methodology. Advantages and disadvantages of nursology as the name for our discipline are gleaned from PhD program students' responses to a question posed by Reed (1997).
Improved visualization of z-pinch dynamics from inversion of streak camera data into video format

Summary form only given. Streak cameras operate by scanning an image present on the photocathode across a recording device such as a film. Traditional operation preprocesses that image with a slit aperture. This slit is made as narrow as possible to improve the time resolution i.e. so as to minimize the overlap of optical data on the film from one moment to the next. This has the advantage of greatly simplifying the interpretation of the final data. We propose to open this aperture, allowing the full image of the scene to fall on the photocathode and pass through the system onto the film. The resulting overlap of images can be postprocessed to reveal the time-dependent image that must have been present on the photocathode. The temporal length of the final video is limited only by the fastest sweep speed of the streak camera. Reconstruction is accomplished by expressing the operation of the streak camera as a matrix transformation. This matrix transform maps the input scene at the photocathode onto the streak data at each moment in time. The equation takes the form G*m=d. Due to the operation of the streak camera, the number of points in the data is significantly smaller than the number of pixels in the video which results in an underdetermined system. To select from the infinite pool of possible solutions we assume that the most probable solution will be the video with highest entropy, as defined by information theory, under the constraint that it reproduces the data when transformed by the matrix G. We further assume that the streak data has been properly normalized so that the video pixel values range between zero and one. This greatly reduces the size of the solution space. Under these assumptions, our solver is able to converge to a single most probable solution vector m. This vector is then postprocessed to reveal the most probable video of the plasma scene. We present the mathematical representation of the system along with the algorithm used for arriving at the solution. Simulated streak data is generated by taking output from the enhanced MHD computer simulation code PERSEUS1 and applying the streak camera transform matrix. We display frames taken from the recovered video for comparison with the original PERSEUS output. We also examine the theoretical resolution limits in the final video.
The Politics of Patenting Race

This article explores the strategic use of race as a genetic category to obtain patent protection and drug approval in biotechnology research and product development. The author explores how this inclusion could have social and scientific implications. The author takes the reader through the sections of a patent concerning such a product as BiDil.
Imputed Earnings Forecasts from the Residual Income Model

This paper imputes future earnings per share (EPS) from the residual income (RI) model and examines their accuracy and bias compared with I/B/E/S median consensus forecasts. Using a firm's current market value as an approximation to its intrinsic value, we invert the value-earnings relation and estimate future annual EPS from four versions of the RI model: the capitalization model (CM), the finite horizon RI model with no terminal value (RIM), and RIM with a terminal value based on constant and decaying RI streams beyond the forecast horizon (RIMTVc and RIMTVd, respectively). We find that the CM, RIMTVd, and RIMTVc imputed EPS forecasts are similar in accuracy to analyst forecasts. However, mean signed errors from estimates based on those three RI models are so close to zero that they appear almost bias free, while the analyst forecasts are consistently upward biased. Also, we find that accuracy of the imputed EPS forecasts, like the analyst forecasts, is higher in the 1990s than in the 1980s. Collectively, our results suggest that the RI valuation framework can be used to impute a firm's future raw earnings.
Sequential deposition: optimization of solvent swelling for high-performance polymer solar cells.

Organic solar cells based on a typical DPP polymer were systematically optimized by a solvent swelling assisted sequential deposition process. We investigated the influence of solvent swelling on the morphology and structure order of the swollen film and the resultant device performance. Morphological and structural characterization confirmed the realization of ideal bulk heterojunctions using a suitable swelling solvent. A trilayered morphology was also found with the conjugated polymer concentrated bottom layer, PC71BM concentrated top layer, and interpenetrated networks of donor and acceptor in the middle by solvent swelling instead of thermal annealing in the sequential solution processing method. We proposed a simple strategy to optimize the sequential deposition fabricated devices by tuning the concentration of the PC71BM solution instead of thermal annealing. The best device showed a PCE of 7.59% with a Voc of 0.61 V, Jsc of 17.95 mA/cm2, and FF of 69.6%, which is the highest reported efficiency fo...
The Lexicon-Grammar of Chinese Verbs

Based on facts described within the elementary ba sentence framework(e.g.N 0W 0把N 1VW n) in the light of the operational principles of the lexicon grammar,it is argued in this paper that any significant description of Chinese verbs must be focus on all its essential complements(W i).
Varicella in Shuangta District,2006-2010

Objective To provide scientific evidenc for the control and prevention of varicella by understanding the epidemiologyical characteristics of varicella in Shuangta district from 2006 to 2010.Methods Descriptive epidemiologyical analysis was conducted on the incidence data of varicella in Shuangta during the period.Results From 2006 to 2010,a total of 406 varicella cases were reported without death,the averge incidence rate was 67.24/105,and the disease occurred all the year around and peaked during April-June and November-January,accounting for 79.147%.The cases of children aged 5-14 years accounting for 82.67%;cases of students,children in kindergarten and scattered children accounted for 95.78% of all.Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the varicella prevention and control in school and child care settings,and increase the varicella vaccination coverage among risk population.
Experiences of Immigration among Women from Taiwan

This thesis explores the transformative effects of immigration from the 1960s through the 2010s among women from Taiwan living in the County of Santa Clara. The study focused on three substantive areas: (1) early life experiences and factors leading to immigration; (2) shifts in social identities after leaving Taiwan (e.g., political, national, and ethnic self-concepts in various contexts); and (3) practices of child-rearing. Several methodological tools were employed during the data collection phase of the research process, including interviews, surveys, and participant observations. The findings of this study suggested a dynamic process of change in which informants adapted to, were affected by, and influenced their new milieus to varying degrees. Although a number of patterns were evident in the broader experiences of participants, the actual decisions (e.g., how to raise children) and individual changes (e.g., the choice of ethnic identification) were often unique. These findings add to the body of scholarly knowledge concerning the lived experiences of Taiwanese Americans and their distinct challenges, but they also suggest the need to extend theoretical discussions related to transnationalism, ethnogenesis, and parallel dual frame of reference for a clearer understanding of immigrant experiences in a rapidly changing American suburbia.
Magnetic fields in vacuum insulated high voltage power apparatus

Magnetic fields in high voltage vacuum insulation are of interest because they may produce cross-field discharges and propel vacuum arcs. This paper shows that the coaxial cable geometry with elbows and high voltage terminations permits neither the gyration of electrons nor the sufficient elongation of electron trajectories to produce a noticeable number of ionizing collisions with residual gas molecules. Experiments with a 10 toot long, 5.75 inch diameter coaxial line did not reveal the theoretically expected are motion away from the current source nor any tendency towards retrograde motion. In a butt-gap geometry, however, the kink instability of the plasma column was found to drive the are rapidly to the electrode edge. A radial magnetic field in the butt-gap enhanced are diffusion and cathode spot tracks indicated a tendency of the plasma to rotate in accordance with the Lorentz force. The beginnings of the new concept of self-sustained ion pumping are outlined. Apparatus for demonstrating this effect utilized permanent bar magnets, titanium cathodes and 60 Hz high voltage.
A Long Term Test of the Accuracy of the Hamilton-Perry Method for Forecasting State Populations by Age

The Hamilton-Perry method is a variant of the Cohort-Component population forecasting method that has minimal data input requirements. It only requires the age distributions for a population at two points in time, which generally are two successive census enumerations. Although the method has gained acceptance, tests of its accuracy are limited. In this chapter we evaluate the forecast accuracy of the Hamilton-Perry method both in terms of age and total population (obtained by summing up the forecasted age groups). This evaluation is based on a sample of four states (one from each of the four census regions) and decennial census data from 1900 to 2010, which yield 10 census test points (1920, 1930, 1940,…, 2010) that provide a wide range of characteristics in regard to population size, growth, and age-composition that affect forecast accuracy. We conclude that the results are encouraging and suggest that the Hamilton-Perry method be considered when either a 10-year forecast of state populations by age or a total population are desired and components of change are not required.
Statistical Literacy Among Academic Pathologists: A Survey Study to Gauge Knowledge of Frequently Used Statistical Tests Among Trainees and Faculty

Context.—Statistical literacy can be defined as understanding the statistical tests and terminology needed for the design, analysis, and conclusions of original research or laboratory testing. Litt...
Do you prefer, Pinterest or Instagram? The role of image-sharing SNSs and self-monitoring in enhancing ad effectiveness

The current research applied self-monitoring theory to investigate how individuals dispositional self-monitoring levels differ when exposed to two image-sharing social network sites (SNSs)Pinterest and Instagram. Two consecutive studies were conducted. Through an online survey of 153 U.S. college students (study 1) the relationship between individuals dispositional self-monitoring and their preference of image-sharing SNSs was investigated. And a lab experiment (study 2) involving a subset of the first sample (n=61) was conducted to explore the impact of the image-sharing SNSs use on individuals self-monitoring and determine advertisement message efficacy based on exposure to image-sharing social media. Results suggest that students in the low self-monitoring group interacted more intensely with Pinterest than Instagram. Additionally, individuals interactions with Pinterest and Instagram influenced their dispostional self-monitoring levels, as well as their preferences toward different types of persuasive messages (image-oriented vs. product-oriented advertisement). Results indicate not only that self-monitoring can shift in the context of different image-based social media behaviors, but that self-monitoring as influenced by social media can have implications for advertising message efficacy. Individuals self-monitoring influence their image-sharing SNS use: Low self-monitors exhibited a higher intensity toward Pinterest than they did Instagram.Image-sharing SNS use can also influence individuals self-monitoring: Using Pinterest decreased individuals self-monitoring whereas using Instagram increased their self-monitoring level.The relationship between self-monitoring and image-sharing SNSs use can influence how individuals evaluate different types of advertisements.
Small-Angle Neutron Scattering in Supramolecular Complexes

A variety of analytic methods are utilized to elucidate the structure and dynamics of supramolecular nanoassemblies. Crystal engineering serves as an excellent tool to determine and manipulate the solid-state structures of large supramolecular nanoassemblies. Solution chemistry of supramolecular complexes, on the other hand, is more complex. Self-assembly reactions in solution are governed by noncovalent, reversible interactions which are difficult to map/discern. Traditional methods, such as NMR spectroscopy, have served instrumental in studying equilibrium conditions, diffusion of guest molecules, and self-sorting mechanisms of hydrogen-bonded and nonparamagnetic nanoassemblies in solution. However, a major limitation of NMR technique has been the investigation of paramagnetic species and the presumption about the spherical architectures of nanoassemblies in solution. The concept of intactness of solid-state geometries in solution is often questionable when we elucidate their solution properties. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a new tool that has proved beneficial in addressing some of the limitations of NMR spectroscopy. Not only does it provide architectural (shape and size) information, but also it is suitable for analyzing both diamagnetic and paramagnetic nanoassemblies in solution: superseding NMR limitations. This article focuses on discussing basics of SANS and data analyses, which include varying types of mathematical models utilized to elucidate supramolecular nanoassemblies in solution and soft matter (gel and polymers).
Warm plasma raytracing of whistler mode waves in the Earth's magnetosphere

Whistler mode waves play a major role in the energy dynamics of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Previous studies show that inclusion of finite electron and ion temperature can modify the refractive index surface significantly for frequencies near the lower hybrid resonance and hence modify the ray trajectories. In this work we further study the properties of whistler mode waves originating around L = 4, with and without finite temperature effects. According to our ray tracing results inclusion of finite temperature increases the number of magnetospheric reflections. It also confines the wave energy inside the plasmasphere. Agreement of the ray tracing results and the Van Allen Probes observations are also presented.
Knoxville’s urban wilderness: Moving toward sustainable multifunctional management

Abstract The Knoxville Urban Wilderness (KUW) in Eastern Tennessee is part of a larger global trend of acquiring vacant lands within urban landscapes for their natural habitat and recreation value. At 688 ha, the KUW is one of the largest urban wilderness areas in the United States, consisting of loosely-connected land parcels with multiple stakeholders including state, county, and city governments and private foundations. Here we use the KUW as a case study to address critical questions of management that arise for most urban wilderness projects globally: What should these areas be managed for, and how should they be managed? How can multiple stakeholders be efficiently organized to pool their resources most effectively. The KUW is currently used mainly for recreation and its potential for biodiversity conservation and education and ecosystem services is largely unutilized. As a way to promote and manage this unused potential, we began the first ecological inventory, compiling existing data and conducting biodiversity and invasive plant surveys with citizen scientists. We found that the KUW harbors a significant number of plant (250) and bird (193) species, with many other taxa also identified. We also found widespread infestation of invasive plants for which we provide management suggestions. A preliminary visitor survey shows that most visitors (about two-thirds) are from the immediate vicinity, mainly for walking (74.4%) or biking (19.9%). The vast majority (93.7%) of visitors do not want more vegetation management or removal and 98.3% of visitors would like to see the KUW expanded in area.
Listening to color: a set of propositions on pain as feminist aesthetic

This performative text asks whether it is possible to imagine an antisocial feminist aesthetic that does not invoke the wounded body. Its form – numbered propositions that engage with critical theory, literature, and memoir – riffs on that of Maggie Nelson’s Bluets, a key interlocutor for this question of aestheticizing embodied pain. How does Nelson’s genealogy of blue model a methodology for a “queer genealogy of femininity,” to borrow Jack Halberstam’s term? How does looking at color in this way offer an approach to narrating trauma, one that displaces the primacy of the visual? Turning to the work of Christina Crosby, Toni Morrison, Fred Moten, and Jose Esteban Munoz, as well as drawing upon the author’s experience as a volunteer for a peer listening hotline, this essay considers the implications of “listening to color” for minoritarian knowledge formations and feminist praxis.
"Does Institutional Distance Deter or Attract? Subsidiaries-Host Distance, Host Context & Knowledge"

There is a debate in the literature as to whether institutional distance deters or attracts MNEs. Expanding the work by Zhou and Guillen (2015) on the importance of subsidiaries in locational decis...
A Universal Basic Robot

While the idea of advancing technology and society are often of primary interest to academics, the general public is frequently challenging the integration of these advancements within society. This complex issue is most often discussed around the role of robots in manufacturing where both repetitive and dangerous tasks performed by humans are being replaced by robotic counterparts that in many cases, can also perform these tasks more accurately. Similarly, the idea of automation through artificial intelligence poses a risk to workers far beyond physical labor, a topic highly discussed for the past few years. From this concern, theories on bringing your own robot to work, analogous to the bring your own device to work movement, have been brought up as a way into the future. Separately, in order to offset the economic downsides of the changing human labor force, and among other reasons, recent political discussions have been actively pursuing the idea of a universal basic income. This paper poses an alternative idea, one in which the advantages of robotics continues to benefit the laborers in which it replaces, and takes the bring your own robot to work to a macro scale: a universal basic robot. These two past proposals, one in which people bring their own robot to work, and one in which a universal basic income is given, have large differences in the way society itself will transform. This paper discusses the trends of technological development that lead to the robotic workforce and the economic challenges of implementing such an idea.
Maintenance of the corpus luteum of early pregnancy in the ewe. III. Differences between pregnant and nonpregnant ewes in luteal responsiveness to prostaglandin F2 alpha.

The effects of pregnancy and number of corpora lutea on luteal regression induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were examined in 93 ewes. Bred and nonpregnant ewes were assigned randomly to receive a single im injection of PGF2 alpha: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg/58 kg body weight. Injections were given on d 13 postestrus. The concentration of progesterone in serum 24 h after PGF2 alpha injection was affected by dose (P less than .001). The effect of pregnancy and the interaction of pregnancy with number of corpora lutea on levels of progesterone in serum were significant (P less than .05); therefore, data were partitioned according to pregnancy status and analyzed separately. There was an effect of number of corpora lutea on serum concentration of progesterone in pregnant (P less than .01) but not nonpregnant ewes (P greater than .10). Similar relationships among groups were observed for the concentration of progesterone in luteal tissue. In nonpregnant ewes the minimum dose of PGF2 alpha to produce a significant suppression of progesterone in serum (P less than .05) was 4 mg/58 kg body weight. In pregnant ewes with one or two corpora lutea, the minimum effective doses were 6 and 10 mg/58 kg body weight, respectively. The concentration of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) in serum was related to the dose of PGF2 alpha injected. There were no differences in the concentration of PGFM in serum between pregnant and nonpregnant ewes either before or after injection. Corpora lutea of early pregnancy appear to be resistant to the luteolytic effect of PGF2 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficacy and safety of fentanyl buccal for cancer pain management by administration through a soluble film: an update

More than half of patients receiving prescription medicine for cancer pain have been reported to experience inadequate pain relief or breakthrough pain. Buccal administration can deliver lipophilic opioids rapidly to the systemic circulation through the buccal mucosa, limiting gastrointestinal motility and first-pass metabolism. This review updates the safety and efficacy of fentanyl buccal soluble film (FBSF) in patients with cancer pain. Literature was identified through searches of Medline (PubMed). Search terms included combinations of the following: cancer pain, fentanyl, fentanyl buccal soluble film, pharmacology, kinetics, safety, efficacy and toxicity. FBSF is an oral transmucosal form of fentanyl citrate developed as a treatment of breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant patients with cancer. Studies have shown that it is well tolerated in the oral cavity, with adequate bioavailability and safety in cancer patients. Further studies are warranted to evaluate, in comparison with other short-acting opioids, its efficacy in the management of breakthrough cancer pain, its addictive potential and its economic impact in cancer patients.
MDX and related medical decision-making systems

MDX is a medical diagnosis system, organized as a hierarchies collection of conceptual specialists, who cooperate to diagnose a case. The current domain of MDX is cholestasis, a syndrome involving the liver. MDX works in conjunction with a conceptually organized data base specialist (PATREC) and radiology consultant (RADEX).
Using NHSN's Antimicrobial Use Option to Monitor and Improve Antibiotic Stewardship in Neonates

BACKGROUND: The Antimicrobial Use (AU) Option of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is a surveillance resource that can provide actionable data for antibiotic stewardship programs. Such data are used to enable measurements of AU across hospitals and before, during, and after stewardship interventions. METHODS: We used monthly AU data and annual facility survey data submitted to the NHSN to describe hospitals and neonatal patient care locations reporting to the AU Option in 2017, examine frequencies of most commonly reported agents, and analyze variability in AU rates across hospitals and levels of care. We used results from these analyses in a collaborative project with Vermont Oxford Network to develop neonatal-specific Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) agent categories and neonatal-specific NHSN Annual Hospital Survey questions. RESULTS: As of April 1, 2018, 351 US hospitals had submitted data to the AU Option from at least 1 neonatal unit. In 2017, ampicillin and gentamicin were the most frequently reported antimicrobial agents. On average, total rates of AU were highest in level III NICUs, followed by special care nurseries, level II-III NICUs, and well newborn nurseries. Seven antimicrobial categories for neonatal SAARs were created, and 6 annual hospital survey questions were developed. CONCLUSIONS: A small but growing percentage of US hospitals have submitted AU data from neonatal patient care locations to NHSN, enabling the use of AU data aggregated by NHSN as benchmarks for neonatal antimicrobial stewardship programs and further development of the SAAR summary measure for neonatal AU.
Common Misperceptions About Buprenorphine Prescribing for Opioid Use Disorder.

The antidote to the opioid use disorder epidemic is the thoughtful use of evidence-based medicine and an honest understanding of what we know—and what we don't know—about caring for people with substance use disorders.
Language attitudes of primary school teachers in Vitoria-Gasteiz

Vitoria-Gasteiz, the capital city of the bilingual Basque Autonomous Community of Spain, is a largely Spanish-speaking city: over 90% of the city’s population claims Spanish as their native languag...
Advances in clinical research of adenovirus pneumonia in children

Adenovirus pneumonia is a common acute respiratory disease in children in China, and as an important reason for death of children. For the purpose of drawing the attention of clinicians, as well as decrease the incidence and mortality of adenovirus pneumonia, the latest research progress are discussed in this article. Key words: Adenoviridae; Children; Diagnosis; Treatment
Open Questions for Next Generation Chatbots

Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in developing chatbots that can converse intelligently with humans. For example, consider Microsoft’s Xiaoice. It is a highly intelligent dialogue system that serves as both a social companion and a virtual assistant. Targeted towards Chinese users, Xiaoice is connected to 660 million online users and 450 million IoT devices. Because of the deep learning revolution, the field is moving quickly, so this survey aims to introduce newcomers to the most fundamental research questions for next generation neural dialogue systems. In particular, our analysis of the state of the art reveals the following 4 key research challenges: 1) knowledge grounding, 2) persona consistency, 3) emotional intelligence, and 4) evaluation. Knowledge grounding endows the chatbot with external knowledge to generate more informative replies. Persona consistency grants dialogue systems consistent personalities. We divide each fundamental research challenge into several smaller and more concrete research questions. For each fine grained research challenge, we examine state of the art approaches and propose future research directions.
The impact of a positive family history on clinical and pathologic outcomes of active surveillance for prostate cancer.

225Background: Active surveillance (AS) is the preferred management strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer. However, approximately one in three men on AS experience progression of disease l...