cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High acceptor production rate in electron-irradiated n-type GaAs: Impact on defect models

Defect production rates have been studied in electron‐irradiated GaAs by temperature‐dependent Hall‐effect (TDH) measurements. The TDH results agree well with deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) results for the well‐known electron traps E1, E2, and E3, but conclusively demonstrate a much higher production rate (4±1 cm−1) of acceptors below E3 than the total of all other DLTS traps. These findings strongly affect current defect models, and, e.g., are consistent with the existence of Ga sublattice damage, not seen before.
Teachers Involving Parents (TIP): results of an in-service teacher education program for enhancing parental involvement

Abstract Despite considerable theoretical and empirical work supporting the critical role of parents in students’ school success, pre-service teachers generally receive little preparation for involving parents. Responding to a need for in-service preparation, this paper reports on a program designed to enhance practicing teachers’ beliefs, skills, and strategies related to parental involvement. Results of an initial test of the program in two US public schools serving predominantly high-risk populations suggested that participation increased teachers’ sense of efficacy, and enhanced beliefs about parents’ efficacy for helping children learn as well as invitations to involvement. Results are discussed with reference to links between teacher beliefs and practices, diffusion of intervention effects within schools, directions for future research, and implications for the design and implementation of effective professional development programs.
Marden-Walker phenotype: Spectrum of variability in three infants

The physical, radiographic, and pathologic findings in 3 new patients with Marden-Walker syndrome (MWS) are compared with those of previously described children with the syndrome. Over 75% of the children with MWS have blepharophimosis, psychomotor retardation, small mouth, micrognathia, kyphosis/scoliosis, and multiple contractures. Minimal diagnostic criteria have yet to be defined attesting to the broad range of variability and potential genetic heterogeneity in this disorder.
Variance of Stratified Survey Estimators With Probability of Detection Adjustments

Abstract Estimates of wildlife population sizes are frequently constructed by combining counts of observed animals from a stratified survey of aerial sampling units with an estimated probability of detecting animals. Unlike traditional stratified survey designs, stratum-specific estimates of population size will be correlated if a common detection model is used to adjust counts for undetected animals in all strata. We illustrate this concept in the context of aerial surveys, considering 2 cases: 1) a single-detection parameter is estimated under the assumption of constant detection probabilities, and 2) a logistic-regression model is used to estimate heterogeneous detection probabilities. Naive estimates of variance formed by summing stratum-specific estimates of variance may result in significant bias, particularly if there are a large number of strata, if detection probabilities are small, or if estimates of detection probabilities are imprecise.
Colloidal Gold: A Pluripotent Receptor Probe

Colloidal gold is an electron-dense, lyophobic colloid that readily forms a stable electrostatic interaction with a variety of macromolecules. Monodispersed colloids ranging from 3-150 nm in diameter can be produced to provide the researcher with flexibility in selecting the optimally sized probe. Gold labeling of antibodies and lectins has been extensively used to study surface antigens and cell components. Recently, the use of gold labeling has been extended to study receptor-ligand binding, enzyme-substrate reactions, and transcellular pathways. Published applications include gold labeling of metabolites (low-density lipoproteins), enzymes (DNAase and RNAase, RNA polymerase, thrombin, collagenase, elastase), hormones (insulin, epidermal growth factor, glucagon), circulating plasma proteins (asialoglycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, factor VIII-von Willebrand factor), and endotoxins (tetanus toxin, cholera toxin). This broad spectrum of applications emphasizes the versatility and usefulness of colloidal gold as a probe in areas of cell biology related to receptors, endocytosis, transport, and functions of proteins.
OCTAHEDRAL METAL CARBONYLS. XXVIII.1 KINETICS AND MECHANISM OF OXIDATIVE ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED GROUP VI-B METAL CARBONYLS WITH TIN- AND GERMANIUM-CONTAINING OXIDIZING AGENTS

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of reactions of (2,2′-dipyridyl)W(CO)4 with SnCl4, (C6H5)SnCl3, (n-C4H9)SnCl3 and (C6H5)2SnCl2, and of (o-phenanthroline)Mo(CO)4 with GeI4 have been investigated employing stopped flow and conventional kinetic techniques. The oxidizing agent-dependent rate laws are encompassed in a mechanism which involves reversible addition of two successive molecules of the oxidant to the substrate, followed by other, rapid, steps. For the reaction of (C6H5SnCl2 with (dipy)W(CO)4 at 95–115°, a parallel reaction path probably involving rate-determining dissociation of CO was also observed. Rates were found to be very sensitive to the nature of the substituents bonded to the Group IV-A metal, being greatest for electron-withdrawing substituents. Different rate laws were observed for reactions which yielded products of different stereochemistries.
The Effects of System-Level Nutrient Enrichment on Bacterioplankton Production in a Tidally-Influenced Estuary

APPLE, J.K.; DEL GIORGIO, P.A., and NEWELL, R.I.E., 2004. The Effects of System-Level Nutrient Enrichment on Bacterioplankton Production in a Tidally Influenced Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, SI(45), 110‐133. West Palm Beach (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. We describe the use of Monie Bay as a natural experiment to evaluate the effect of system-level nutrient enrichment on natural bacterioplankton communities. Monie Bay, a component of the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System, is a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay, consisting of a shallow semienclosed bay and three tidally influenced creeks varying in their agricultural land use and freshwater inputs. As part of a 2-year study in this system, we identified distinct spatial and seasonal patterns in ambient nutrient concentrations, salinity, and source and quantity of organic matter that were related to differences in agricultural practices and watershed characteristics among the three tidal creeks. Principal components analysis identified freshwater delivery of nutrients and temperature as key factors driving the overall variability of this system. Despite significant variability in nutrient concentrations and bacterioplankton production (BP) throughout the year, we observed persistent response of bacterioplankton to nutrient enrichment, as evidenced by a comparison of 2-year averages in agriculturally developed Little Monie Creek (LMC) relative to the undeveloped Little Creek (LC), and by a comparison of the nutrientenriched upper estuary of LMC to sites nearer the open bay. Bacterioplankton responded positively to pulsed nutrient availability, with elevated rates of BP associated with agriculturally derived nutrient inputs to the Monie Bay system. Freshwater inputs play an important role in mediating the response of bacterioplankton to nutrient enrichment, as evidenced by relatively low estimates of BP in the freshwater-dominated, agriculturally developed Monie Creek. This response is attributed to changes in organic matter quality in the system and the direct effect of salinity on bacterioplankton community metabolism.
Fertility and income, consumption aspirations, and child quality standards

Data from a 1975 national survey of the American population were used to investigate the relationships between childbearing and aspirations for consumption goods, child quality standards, and income. The data were consistent with the hypothesis that preferences for child quality are negatively related to fertility. Aspirations for consumer goods which are related to the home were not found to be negatively related to childbearing while aspirations for nonhome goods were negatively related to fertility as hypothesized. Several indicators of income and subjective economic well-being were examined, and the overall pattern of results was not supportive of the hypothesized effect of income on fertility.
PEG-rHuMGDF promotes multilineage hematopoietic recovery in myelosuppressed mice.

Abstract PEG-rHuMGDF administered to normal mice is a lineage-specific growth factor for megakaryocytes and platelets as judged by morphologic examination of hematologic cells in marrow and peripheral blood smears. The purpose of this study was to document that PEG-rHuMGDF in myelosuppressed mice promotes multilineage hematopoietic recovery. High-dose 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in mice results in profound myelosuppression and 0–30% survival. Mice receiving a single dose of PEG-rHuMGDF (1000 μg/kg) 1 day after 5-FU (225 mg/kg) demonstrate an increased survival (76% vs 27% in control mice at 14 days). Compared to surviving controls, PEG-rHuMGDF–treated mice not only show the expected higher platelet counts, but also increased marrow colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage, increased multilineage marrow cellularity, and increased neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood. PEG-rHuMGDF– and vehicle-treated mice both develop hepatic abscesses after 5-FU treatment, but the abscesses in the PEG-rHuMGDF–treated mice contain more neutrophils, suggesting that myeloid reconstitution contributes to their survival. Furthermore, survival in 5-FU–treated mice is significantly improved by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and antibiotics, suggesting that infection rather than thrombocytopenia is the predominant cause of death. PEG-rHuMGDF after 5-FU promotes survival accompanied by accelerated lymphohematopoietic repopulation, suggesting that PEG-rHuMGDF, a lineage-specific thrombopoietic factor in normal mice, promotes multilineage hematopoietic recovery in myelosuppressed mice.
A field of study of the effect of interpersonal trust on virtual collaborative relationship performance

This article examines the relationship between interpersonal trust and virtual collaborative relationship (VCR) performance. Findings from a study of 10 operational telemedicine projects in health care delivery systems are presented. The results presented here confirm, extend, and apparently contradict prior studies of interpersonal trust. Four types of interpersonal trust-calculative, competence, relational, and integrated are identified and operationalized as a single construct. We found support for an association between calculative, competence, and relational interpersonal trust and performance. Our finding of a positive association between integrated interpersonal trust and performance not only yields the strongest support for a relationship between trust and VCR performance but also contradicts prior research. Our findings indicate that the different types of trust are interrelated in that positive assessments of all three types of trust are necessary if VCRs are to have strongly positive performance. The study also established that if any one type of trust is negative, then it is very likely that VCR performance will not be positive. Our findings indicate that integrated types of interpersonal trust are interdependent, and the various patterns of interaction among them are such that they are mutually reinforcing. These interrelationships and interdependencies of the different types of interpersonal trust must be taken into account by researchers as they attempt to understand the impact of trust on virtual collaborative relationship performance.
Synthesis of translinear analog signal processing systems

In this paper, we describe a structured methodology for synthesizing translinear analog signal-processing systems from high-level descriptions in the time domain. The circuits are implemented from elements called multiple-input translinear elements (MITEs). We illustrate the synthesis methodology with the simple example of an RMS-DC converter.
Evaluation of Transient Behavior of Polysilicon-Bound Diode for Fast ESD Applications

Transient behaviors of poly-bound diodes subject to pulses generated by the very fast transmission line pulsing (VFTLP) tester are characterized for fast ESD events such as the charged device model. The effects of changing a diode's dimension parameters on the transient behaviors and on the overshoot voltage and turn-on time are studied. The correlation between the diode failure and polygate configuration under the VFTLP stress is also investigated.
The slow motion of a flat plate in a viscous stratified fluid

The existence of a ‘wake’ upstream of an obstacle moving slowly through a stratified fluid has been known for some time. The present study shows that a thin, flat plate moving slowly and horizontally through a linearly stratified salt-water mixture has, in addition, a boundary layer over the plate whose thickness increases upstream from the back of the plate.The theory assumes that the ratio of diffusivity to viscosity is small, and that the plate moves so slowly that inertia forces are negligible; under these conditions, a similarity solution is derived describing the boundary layer over the plate. The study also shows that salt diffusion is important in a second, thinner boundary layer whose thickness increases from the front of the plate.In the experiment, a plate was towed through a tank of linearly stratified salt water. From streak photographs of the boundary layer over the plate, it was possible to confirm quantitatively the similarity solution and to infer at very slow velocities the presence of the thin diffusion boundary layer.
Fault diagnosis of progressing cavity pump well based on wavelet package and Elman neural network

In this paper, the fault diagnosis problem is studied for progressing cavity pump well base on wavelet package and Elman neural network. The signals of active power can fully reflect the status of progressing cavity pump wells. A new fault diagnosis method for cavity pump wells is presented. This method uses wavelet time-frequency analysis technology for de-noising and filtering of active power signals, uses 3-layer db4 wavelet packet to decomposition fault signal of different frequencies, extracts fault feature based on changes in band power spectrum, then use Elman neural network to identify the fault. By use of Matlab simulation, the results show that this method can effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of progressing cavity pump wells.
Moving back vs. moving on: the concept of home in the decision to remigrate

This study examines the effect of information and psychic costs on the remigration propensity of the U.S. labor force. Specifically the study investigates how the proximity of a potential migration destination to a previous residence and familiarity with this residence affect information and psychic costs and thus remigration propensity. In this respect it is hypothesized that familiarity with and location of a prior residence are significant determinants of both the migration destination and the allocative efficiency of the remigration process. Several specific hypotheses are developed and tested using data on interstate nonreturn repeat migration of the white male labor force over the period 1965-1970. (EXCERPT)
Functional studies of aldo-keto reductases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

We utilized the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model to systematically explore physiological roles for yeast and mammalian aldo-keto reductases. Six open reading frames encoding putative aldo-keto reductases were identified when the yeast genome was queried against the sequence for human aldose reductase, the prototypical mammalian aldo-keto reductase. Recombinant proteins produced from five of these yeast open reading frames demonstrated NADPH-dependent reductase activity with a variety of aldehyde and ketone substrates. A triple aldo-keto reductase null mutant strain demonstrated a glucose-dependent heat shock phenotype which could be rescued by ectopic expression of human aldose reductase. Catalytically-inactive mutants of human or yeast aldo-keto reductases failed to effect a rescue of the heat shock phenotype, suggesting that the phenotype results from either an accumulation of one or more unmetabolized aldo-keto reductase substrates or a synthetic deficiency of aldo-keto reductase products generated in response to heat shock stress. These results suggest that multiple aldo-keto reductases fulfill functionally redundant roles in the stress response in yeast.
Optical Characterization of Heavily Carbon Doped GaAs

Optical measurements have been performed on heavily carbon doped GaAs layers grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrates by MOMBE (metal-organic molecule beam epitaxy). Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy was used to measure the onsets of optical absorption in these GaAs:C epilayers. It was found that in samples with free carrier concentrations of 6.2x1019, 1.6x1020, and 4.1x1020cm−3, optical absorption begins at 1.40, 1.52, and 1.53 ev, respectively. Combined with the band gap narrowing data from photoluminescence (PL) spectra, we estimated Fermi level locations relative to the top of the valence band. We also measured reflectance in the near infrared region and estimated the effective mass of free holes using a classical two-oscillator model.
Mesoscopic transport and interferometry with wave packets of ultracold atoms: Effects of quantum coherence and interactions

We propose a way to simulate mesoscopic transport processes with counterpropagating wave packets of ultracold atoms in quasi-one-dimensional (1D) waveguides and show quantitative agreement with analytical results. The method allows the study of a broad range of transport processes at the level of individual modes, not possible in electronic systems. Typically suppressed effects of quantum coherence become manifest, along with the effects of tunable interactions, which can be used to develop a simpler type of sensitive atom interferometer.
Distinguished Lecture: Anthropology and the Theoretical and Paradigmatic Significance of the Collapse of Soviet and East European Communism

This essay was delivered as the Distinguished Lecture at the 90th annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association, November 23,1991, in Chicago, Illinois.
Efficacy of Iodine for Disinfection of Lake Sturgeon Eggs from the St. Lawrence River, New York

AbstractOptimal fish husbandry to reduce the risk of disease is particularly important when using wild fish as the source for gametes. The propagation and reestablishment of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in New York waters to become a viable self-sustaining population is considered a high priority by managers. While standard hatchery egg disinfection practices have been used to prevent the transmission of diseases, data on the bacterial loads present on egg surfaces following iodine disinfection is lacking. Our study investigated the bacteria present on the outer surface of Lake Sturgeon eggs and the effectiveness of an iodine disinfection treatment in eliminating bacteria that could pose a threat to egg survival and cause hatchery disease outbreaks. During the springs of 2011–2013, 12 to 41 different species of bacteria were recovered from the outer egg surfaces prior to an iodine treatment; Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, and Chryseobacterium were the most common genera identified. Cohort eggs ...
A new, prairie-restricted species of Anacampsis Curtis (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Illinois .

Anacampsis wikeri (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), new species, is described. The larva of A. wikeri feeds on leaves of a prairie legume, leadplant, Amorpha canescens (Fabaceae). The moth is univoltine, with mature larvae occurring in late May; adults are active from early June into summer and autumn, while overwintering throughout the winter months. The adult of A. wikeri is externally very similar to that of another legume-feeding species, Anacampsis psoraliella. Sight identification of adults of these two species, especially of unreared individuals originating in the multi-state area of the Midwest in which their respective larval hostplants are sympatric, therefore is rendered problematic. Larval host plant specificity and adult genital morphology, however, allow unequivocal diagnosis. These characters are discussed, and male and female genitalia are illustrated for both species.
Complement Component C5a Mediates Hemorrhage-Induced Intestinal Damage

Background Complement has been implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal damage and inflammation in multiple animal models. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, inhibition of complement prevents hemodynamic alterations in hemorrhage. Materials and methods C57Bl/6, complement 5 deficient (C5–/–) and sufficient (C5+/+) mice were subjected to 25% blood loss. In some cases, C57Bl/6 mice were treated with C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRa) post-hemorrhage. Intestinal injury, leukotriene B4, and myeloperoxidase production were assessed for each treatment group of mice. Results Mice subjected to significant blood loss without major trauma develop intestinal inflammation and tissue damage within 2 hours. We report here that complement 5 (C5) deficient mice are protected from intestinal tissue damage when subjected to hemorrhage (injury score = 0.36 compared with wildtype hemorrhaged animal injury score = 2.89; P Conclusions Complement activation is important in the development of hemorrhage-induced tissue injury and C5a generation is critical for tissue inflammation and damage. Thus, therapeutics targeting C5a may be useful therapeutics for hemorrhage-associated injury.
Dynamics of a relay oscillator with hysteresis

The dynamics of a hysteretic relay oscillator with sinusoidal forcing is studied in this paper. Periodic excitation gives rise to periodic, quasiperiodic and chaotic responses. A Poincare map is introduced to facilitate mathematical analysis. Conditions on the amplitude and frequency of the forcing for the existence of periodic solutions have been obtained. Families of one-period solutions are determined as fixed points of the Poincare. These families of one-period solutions represent coexisting subharmonic responses. Stability analysis reveals that these solutions can be classified as center or saddle.
Functional properties of hydrolysates from proteolysis of heat-denatured whey protein isolate.

Heat-denatured whey protein isolate was hydrolyzed with trypsin, α-chymotrypsin, Alcalase or Neutrase to 2.8, 4.3, 6.0 or 8.0% degree of hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were fractionated by ultrafiltration and freeze-dried. Protein content of retentates showed little variation but permeates differed with enzyme. Surface hydrophobicity increased with hydrolysis but was not linear except for α-chymotrypsin. Ultrafiltration increased solubility and the permeates and retentates had better solubility than hydrolysates. Retentates had higher emulsifying activity index than hydrolysates while permeates did not form stable emulsions. Permeates formed stable foams but hydrolysates and retentates showed poor foaming characteristics. Specificity of the enzyme, and degree of hydrolysis influenced the functional properties of the peptides. Fractions generated by trypsin, at all levels of hydrolysis generally had higher solubility, emulsifying properties and foaming properties. Permeates from Alcalase hydrolysis had the best foam capacity but low foam stability.
Physical and functional association of migfilin with cell-cell adhesions

Cell-cell junctions are essential for epithelial and endothelial tissue formation and communication between neighboring cells. We report here that migfilin, a recently identified component of cell-extracellular matrix adhesions, is recruited to cell-cell junctions in response to cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesions. Migfilin is detected at cell-cell junctions in both epithelial and endothelial cells. It forms detergent-resistant, discrete clusters that associate with actin bundles bridging neighboring cells. Immunoelectron microscopic analyses reveal that migfilin is closely associated with β-catenin, but not desmosomes, at cell-cell junctions. Furthermore, we show that the C-terminal LIM domains, but not its N-terminal domain, mediates migfilin localization to cell-cell junctions. The site mediating the localization of migfilin to cell-cell junctions at least partially overlaps with that mediating the localization of migfilin to cell-ECM adhesions. Finally, siRNA-mediated depletion of migfilin compromised the organization of adherens junctions and weakened cell-cell association. These results identify migfilin as a component of adherens junctions and suggest an important role for migfilin in the organization of the cell-cell adhesion structure.
Meditation on ethics in clinical engineering practice

The author reflects on clinical engineering situations that require consideration of ethical behavior rather than providing a prescription for what decisions should be made. Situations are proposed and questions raised. Among the issues considered are employee safety, working out of title, cost effectiveness and productivity, unpopular causes, standards and regulations, quality assurance, and whistle blowing. To gain insight into how one performs these duties it is suggested that an examination of one's personal characteristics is helpful. >
Sex-Specific Effects of Gonadectomy and Hormone Treatment on Acquisition of a 12-Arm Radial Maze Task by Sprague Dawley Rats

The effects of gonadectomy and hormone treatment on spatial learning were evaluated in adult male and female rats using a modified version of a 12-arm radial maze task. In this version, procedures were used to minimize the effectiveness of strategies less reliant on working and reference memory. Results demonstrate significant sex differences favoring male performance on the working memory component of the task. In contrast, females performed slightly better than males on the reference memory component of the task. In females, ovariectomy produced a decrease in overall accuracy (i.e. an increase in the number of arm entries necessary to obtain all food pellets) as well as declines in working and reference memory performance. Both accuracy and working memory performance, but not reference memory performance, were restored by estradiol treatment. In males, castration impaired working memory performance but did not significantly affect overall accuracy or reference memory performance. Surprisingly, all group...
The art of artificial intelligence: themes and case studies of knowledge engineering

The knowledge engineer practices the art of bringing the principles and tools of AI research to bear on difficult applications problems requiring experts' knowledge for their solution. The technical issues of acquiring this knowledge, representing it, and using it appropriately to construct and explain lines-of-reasoning, are important problems in the design of knowledge-based systems. Various systems that have achieved expert level performance in scientific and medical inference illuminate the art of knowledge engineering and its parent science, Artificial Intelligence.
Pic Delinquency Scale Validity in Relation to Self-Reported Delinquent Acts

This study further evaluated the Personality Inventory for Children's Delinquency Scale (DLQ) in terms of its dual purpose as a measure of delinquent tendencies and as an aid in identifying male and female adolescents who commit serious offenses. The DLQ cutoff scores were supported as identifying nonapprehended adolescents who showed stronger delinquent tendencies, defined as reporting significantly more frequent delinquent acts. The male and female groups scoring above the DLQ cutoff scores were found to report significantly more delinquent acts and to score below the delinquency cutoff scores of the CPI Socialization Scale. The DLQ cutoff scores were not supported, however, as identifying “serious offenders,” defined as those adolescents who reported at least one offense rated as a serious crime.
Developmental regulation of active and passive membrane properties in rat vibrissa motoneurones

We characterized the electrophysiological properties of vibrissa motoneurones (vMNs) in rat. Intracellular recordings of vMNs in brainstem slices from animals aged P4 to P5 and P9 to P11, i.e. newborn animals, showed that the subthreshold membrane impedance has the form of passive decay. In particular, the impedance follows the 1/√f signature for long dendrites beyond a cut-off frequency of fc= 8 Hz. In contrast, the impedance has the form of a resonant filter in vMNs from slices prepared from animals aged P17 to P23, i.e. young animals. The resonance has a peak near 4 Hz and an amplitude of 1.2 times that at low frequencies (f∼ 0.1Hz). The low frequency onset of the resonance is shown to depend on a hyperpolarization-activated depolarizing current, Ih. This current functions as a high-pass filter. The high frequency cut-off of the resonance results from passive decay in long dendrites, similar to the case with newborn animals but with fc= 20Hz. In addition to a resonance in subthreshold properties, an enhanced resonance in spiking is observed in young as opposed to newborn animals. The transition from solely passive decay in vMNs from newborn animals to resonance in young animals coincides with the onset of whisking. Further, the width of the resonance encompasses the 4–15Hz range of exploratory whisking. Nonetheless, it remains to be shown if there is a causal relation between the regulation of currents in vMNs and the onset of whisking. In particular, we further observed that the membrane impedance of hypoglossal motoneurones from both newborn and young animals exhibits a subthreshold resonance that also peaks near 4Hz. The amplitude of this resonance increases from 1.1 to 1.4 times that at low frequencies in newborn versus young animals. We conjecture that resonance properties in vibrissa, hypoglossal, and potentially other motoneurones, may serve to transiently and purposely synchronize different orofacial behaviours.
Microbial populations stimulated for hexavalent uranium reduction in uranium mine sediment.

Uranium-contaminated sediment and water collected from an inactive uranium mine were incubated anaerobically with organic substrates. Stimulated microbial populations removed U almost entirely from solution within 1 month. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis showed that U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) during the incubation. Observations by transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction pattern analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis showed two distinct types of prokaryotic cells that precipitated only a U(IV) mineral uraninite (UO2) or both uraninite and metal sulfides. Prokaryotic cells associated with uraninite and metal sulfides were inferred to be sulfate-reducing bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA obtained from the original and incubated sediments revealed that microbial populations were changed from microaerophilic Proteobacteria to anaerobic low-G+C gram-positive sporeforming bacteria by the incubation. Forty-two out of 94 clones from the incubated sediment were related to sulfate-reducing Desulfosporosinus spp., and 23 were related to fermentative Clostridium spp. The results suggest that, if in situ bioremediation were attempted in the uranium mine ponds, Desulfosporosinus spp. would be a major contributor to U(VI) and sulfate reduction and Clostridium spp. to U(VI) reduction.
Hypothalamic control of the secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH).

During the course of millions of years of evolution of life, nature had proven to be very thrifty. Once a successful molecule evolved, it and variations of it were often put to a multitude of uses. Examples abound, among them the heme proteins which serve as oxygen carriers and redox catalysts, the variations of the theme of the steroid nucleus, and, the subject of this essay, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and the melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH’s).
Becoming Visible: The Role of the Internet in Dress Choices among Native-Born Converts to Islam in North America

Although hijab is just one facet of Islam (and from a theological perspective, not the most important), many native-born converts in North America—especially women—appear to struggle with it: what to wear; what to think about hijab ; how to make the transition and how it affects their interactions with non-Muslims, including employers, close friends and family members. How can converts align their appearance with the values of their faith, especially in the context of negative stereotypes following 9/11? Much like patients with rare medical disorders, converts living outside the Dar al-Islam can use the Internet to overcome isolation and a lack of local support. This chapter will consider the kinds of resources available through the Internet, particularly blogs, videos, retail websites and multi-user “boards”. Data for this chapter comes from my own experience with conversion to Islam as well as an ongoing virtual ethnography concerning the growing Islamic fashion industry.
La Tradición Jurídica Puertorriqueña: ¿Civil O Anglosajona? (The Puerto Rican Law Tradition: Is it Spanish Civil Law or American Common Law?)

Spanish Abstract: El caracter de la tradicion juridica puertorriquena es uno de los temas mas debatidos por los miembros de la profesion y comentaristas academicos en la isla. Este ensayo describe el debate y concluye que las caracteristicas que definen una tradicion juridica apuntan a que el sistema puertorriqueno se basa en parte en elementos substantivos derivados de la tradicion civilista espanola, pero que opera a base de principios del componente Law norteamericano. Por lo tanto, el sistema de derecho es uno verdaderamente hibrido: es un sistema civilista que opera a base de principios del common Law o uno anglosajon que aplica derecho substantivo civilista.English Abstract: Whether the Puerto Rican law tradition is based on the principles of Spanish civil law or American common law is one of the most debated topics among Puerto Rican legal scholars. This essay, written in Spanish, describes the debate and argues that while some of Puerto Rico's substantive law is derived from the Spanish civil law tradition, the main characteristics of the current Puerto Rican legal system is based on American common law principles. Also, it describes the inherent contradiction in the fact that, in an effort to affirm its civil law character, the Puerto Rican judiciary has adopted the common law tradition. Thus, the Puerto Rican legal system is a true hybrid: it is either a common law jurisdiction that applies substantive civil law or a civil law system that operates based on principles of the American common law tradition.
Interaction of a weakly acidic dinitroaromatic with alkylamines: avoiding the Meisenheimer trap.

Polynitroaromatics are well-known to form anionic σ-complexes (Meisenheimer complexes). The formation of such complexes was assumed in the past to explain the blue color of solutions of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and amines. However, this work shows that caution is warranted to avoid the hasty misidentification of Meisenheimer complexes. 1H NMR spectra exhibit no significant shifts in the positions of the DNT protons, indicating that the majority of DNT species in solutions of DNT and amines retain their aromaticity. Density functional calculations on DNT–ethylamine complexes suggest that Meisenheimer complexes are sufficiently high in free energy so that they make up only a very small fraction of the full equilibrium population. While principal component analysis of the UV/vis spectra of the DNT–amine solutions reveals that only one absorbing species of significant concentration is formed, quantitative fits of Job’s plots show that 1:1 association of DNT with the amines alone cannot explain the visible abs...
Electrochemical Monitoring of Single Nanoparticle Collisions at Mercury-Modified Platinum Ultramicroelectrodes

Here, we report a potentiometric method for detecting single platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) by measuring a change in open-circuit potential (OCP) instead of the current during single Pt NP collisions with the mercury-modified Pt ultramicroelectrode (Hg/Pt UME). Similar to the current–time (i–t) response reported previously at Hg/Pt UMEs, the OCP–time (v–t) response consists of repeated potential transient signals that return to the background level. This is because Hg poisons the Pt NP after collision with the Hg/Pt UME due to amalgamation and results in deactivation of the redox reaction. For individual Pt NP collisions the amplitude of the OCP signal reaches a maximum and decays to the background level at a slower rate compared to the comparable i–t response. Due to this, OCP events are broader and more symmetrical in shape compared to i–t “spikes.” The collision frequency of Pt NPs derived from v–t plots (0.007 to 0.020 pM–1 s–1) is in good agreement with the value derived from i–t plots recorded at H...
Childhood Obesity: Depression, Anxiety and Recommended Therapeutic Strategies

Publisher Summary One approach to controlling the national obesity epidemic involves an increased understanding of, and attention to, the relationship between weight and mood disturbances. Given the strong correlations among clinically significant weight gain, depression, and anxiety in adult populations, a current area of focus is the connection between psychopathology and weight in childhood. Affective disturbances commonly occur during development, and recent studies suggest that increased weight is correlated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood, as demonstrated by greater body mass index percentiles (BMI percentile, defined as height-to-weight ratio [kilograms/ meters squared]), adjusted for sex and age. Given that adolescence is a significant period of emotional and physical maturation, it is fundamental to acknowledge and further explore the influence of depression/anxiety disorders on weight in order to more effectively understand, prevent, and treat pediatric obesity. This chapter describes current treatment practices for each condition separately and research studies examining treatment across behavioral (weight) and emotional (mood) processes. Given the brevity of this chapter, the purpose is to provide preliminary data, encourage additional research on inclusive treatments, and encourage the development and application of broad-based, enhanced interventions.
Ki-1 Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Due to Immune Deficiency.

Cases of Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), including ALK (t 2,5) positive and negative expression, have largely been associated with immunosuppressed transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients and patients with a prior history of a lymphoproliferative disorder. We reviewed the literature and found cases of secondary Ki-1 positive ALCL in immunocompromised patients including patients with a prior history of lymphoid malignancy. Some of these latter cases may have been diagnosed initially as Hodgkin’s disease and later reclassified as Ki-1 positive ALCL. In post-transplant and HIV positive patients, severe and prolonged immunosuppression likely led to the development of Ki-1 positive ALCL. We postulate that although rare, the occurrence of Ki-1 positive ALCL in patients previously treated for a lymphoid malignancy is possible due to a pre-existing immune deficiency state. We report a case of ALK- ALCL occurring 10 years following treatment of HCL with persistent depressed T4/T8 ratio one year after achieving a complete remission of the ALCL.
Infantile Thiamine Deficiency and Language Impairment

Developmental language impairment in 59 children, aged 5-7 years, exposed to a thiamine deficiency in defective milk formula fed during the first year of life is studied by researchers at Tel Aviv University and Sourasky Medical Centre, Israel.
Establishing a Metric in Max-Plus Geometry

Using the characterization of the segments in the max-plus semimodule Rmax, provided by Nitica and Singer in [5], we find a class of metrics on the finite part of Rmax. One of them is the Euclidean length of the max-plus segment connecting two points. This metric is not quasi-convex. There is exactly one other metric in our class that does possess this property. Each metric in our class is associated with a weighting function, which is concave and non-decreasing. Acknowledgements: This paper was written during the summer 2012 mathematics Research Experiences for Undergraduates program at Pennsylvania State University, supported by the NSF grant 428-44 64BB. We would like to thank Professor Viorel Nitica for his guidance in this research project. Page 160 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 13, no. 2
Effect of fabric weaves on the dynamic response of two-dimensional woven fabric composites

This study investigated the effect of two-dimensional fabric weaves (plain, twill, and satin) on the vibrational characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of woven carbon/epoxy composites. Natural frequencies of woven composites were measured by experimental modal analysis for plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave composites. The experimentally measured natural frequency results were compared with the ones predicted by numerical free vibration analysis. Numerical analysis was performed using a multiscale modelling approach. First, the impregnated fiber tow properties were predicted using periodic boundary conditions assuming that fibers are perfectly bonded. Then, the homogenized impregnated fiber tow properties and matrix properties were used to predict the natural frequencies of woven composite beams. The experimental and numerical results revealed that satin weave composites possess higher natural frequencies than plain weave composites. Flexural loss factor of woven composites was measured experimentally by dynamic mechanical analysis and half-power bandwidth method. Results from both analyses showed that plain weave composites have higher flexural loss factor as compared to satin weave composites.
Effects of physical activity and shade on the heat balance and thermal perceptions of children in a playground microclimate

Abstract Outdoor thermal comfort (TC) is an important parameter in assessing the value and health utility of a recreational space. Given the public health significance of child heat illness, the ability to model children's heat balance and TC during activity has received little attention. The current pilot study tests the performance of an outdoor human heat balance model on children playing in warm/hot outdoor environments in sun and shade. Fourteen children aged 9–13 participated in the 8-day study in Texas in spring 2016, performing physical activity while wearing heartrate monitors and completing thermal perception surveys (e.g., actual thermal sensation (ATS)). Surveys were compared to predicted thermal sensation (PTS) based on principles of human-environment heat exchange using personal data and a suite of on-site microclimate information. Results demonstrate the model to significantly predict ATS votes (Spearman's rho = 0.504). Subjective preferred change was also significantly correlated to modeled PTS (rho = −0.607). Radiation, air temperature, windspeed, and level of tiredness were significant predictors of ATS. Finally, the mean human energy balance was significantly lower in the shade (−168 W m-2), thus lowering heat stress potential, with the model predicting ATS with little-to-no error (0.2 and 0.0 scale error units in sun and shade, respectively). This study demonstrates an ability to estimate a child's heat balance while accounting for changes in major heat contributors (e.g., radiation, metabolism), and is the first study to evaluate TC of children during activity in outdoor built environments. New insights of heat perception may aid in recognition of often under-recognized heat stress.
Dynamic Optical Tuning of Interlayer Interactions in the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Modulation of weak interlayer interactions between quasi-two-dimensional atomic planes in the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provides avenues for tuning their functional properties. Here we show that above-gap optical excitation in the TMDCs leads to an unexpected large-amplitude, ultrafast compressive force between the two-dimensional layers, as probed by in situ measurements of the atomic layer spacing at femtosecond time resolution. We show that this compressive response arises from a dynamic modulation of the interlayer van der Waals interaction and that this represents the dominant light-induced stress at low excitation densities. A simple analytic model predicts the magnitude and carrier density dependence of the measured strains. This work establishes a new method for dynamic, nonequilibrium tuning of correlation-driven dispersive interactions and of the optomechanical functionality of TMDC quasi-two-dimensional materials.
Reimagining the history of GIS

Fifty years after the initial efforts that coalesced as geographic information system (GIS), it is possible to look back and ask whether the decisions made then are still viable. Those decisions we...
Marketing analytics: Methods, practice, implementation, and links to other fields

Abstract Marketing analytics is a diverse field, with both academic researchers and practitioners coming from a range of backgrounds including marketing, expert systems, statistics, and operations research. This paper provides an integrative review at the boundary of these areas. The aim is to give researchers in the intelligent and expert systems community the opportunity to gain a broad view of the marketing analytics area and provide a starting point for future interdisciplinary collaboration. The topics of visualization, segmentation, and class prediction are featured. Links between the disciplines are emphasized. For each of these topics, a historical overview is given, starting with initial work in the 1960s and carrying through to the present day. Recent innovations for modern, large, and complex “big data” sets are described. Practical implementation advice is given, along with a directory of open source R routines for implementing marketing analytics techniques.
Size-dependent thresholds for melting and nanobubble generation using pulsed-laser irradiated gold nanoparticles

The use of plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) in biophotonics has been steadily increasing, with a wide variety of emerging applications including detection and treatment of cancers. PNPs have unique, tunable optical properties arising from their surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and can be functionalized to achieve molecular targeting in vivo. Highly transient nanobubbles generated around PNPs due to pulsed laser-induced vaporization and cavitation may significantly impact diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. While much effort has been devoted to elucidating the mechanisms behind PNP nanobubble generation, there has not been a comprehensive study on the effect of nanoparticle size on nanobubble formation thresholds, and whether particle photodegradation occurs at these levels. Herein, we evaluate the melting and bubble generation thresholds of commercially available gold nanospheres in the 20-100 nm diameter range when exposed to nanosecond laser pulses. The 532-nm laser pulses are generated by a second-harmonic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, providing output near the SPR of the gold nanospheres. Bubble generation is detected using a multimodality microscopy platform developed for simultaneous, nanosecond resolution pump-probe imaging, scattering response monitoring, and acoustic transient detection. PNP damage was further evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The results of this study provide insights into damage thresholds as well as the concurrent and rapid optical, thermal, acoustic, and mechanical phenomena involved. This work will provide a foundation for improved understanding of a variety of PNPs and inform development of standard test methods for safety and efficacy evaluation of pulsed laser-PNP interactions in biophotonics.