cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Particle Sizing in Dense Suspensions With Multiwavelength Photon Migration Measurements

Characterization of dense polydisperse suspensions, with mean diameters 143 and 226 nm and volume fractions ranging from 0.03 to 0.27, was conducted using time-dependent measurements of multiply scattered light. Frequency-domain photon migration measurements of isotropic scattering coefficients at wavelengths between 488 and 828 nm were found to agree with those predicted from the Mie theory and the polydisperse hard-sphere Percus–Yevick model. The wavelength-dependent isotropic scattering data were then used to successfully recover the particle size distribution and volume fraction of the suspensions, by minimizing a nonlinear least-squares problem. The mean particle size and volume fractions were recovered within an error range of 0–15.53 and 0–24%, respectively, compared with dynamic light scattering results and experimentally measured volume fractions. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2005
Age, growth, and size distribution of larval Atlantic menhaden off North Carolina

Abstract Counts of growth increments on sagittal otoliths of larval Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus spawned and reared in the laboratory showed that 1 increment/d was formed beginning 5 d after fertilization and that increment counts could be used to estimate larval age, A Gompertz growth equation described the relationship between age and standard length (SL) for 353 larvae collected off North Carolina in fall and winter, 1979–1980. Larvae grew from 3.4 mm SL at hatching to 25.2 mm SL at 100 d. Age of larvae varied inversely with capture distance from shore, Age distribution of larvae on the North Carolina continental shelf suggests that transport of larvae from offshore spawning sites to the estuary was biphasic. Transport was relatively rapid to within about 35 km of shore and relatively slow from there to shore, Mean age at estuarine recruitment increased from 40 to 80 d throughout the recruitment season, which may represent differences in transport rate.
Segmental level analysis of laryngeal function in persons with motor speech disorders.

Laryngeal behavior for segmental function is often disturbed in motor speech disorders. Loss of voicing contrasts has been shown to significantly contribute to speech intelligibility deficits. The pre
Economic damage and vine response from simulated cutworm damage to Concord grape buds.

Swollen, early spring Concord grape buds were removed manually for 3 years at several rates to simulate feeding by the spotted cutworm, Amathes c-nigrum (L.), and the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenee). Although the vines partially compensated for bud loss by growing secondary buds, yield in the year of bud removal was reduced. In the year after bud damage, the debudded vines increased their yields relative to the controls. Levels for economic damage were established and found to vary from 1–5% of the buds.
Calcium oxalate deposition in the periodontium secondary to chronic renal failure

Abstract Deposition of calcium oxalate in the periodontium, with accompanying bone loss and tooth resorption, occurred in a 55-year-old woman on long-term renal dialysis for end-stage renal disease. These deposits were birefringent upon examination with polarized light. Scanning electron microscopy of the deposits revealed clusters of sharply angular oblong and needlelike crystals. Microincineration followed by staining with alizarin red S was positive for calcium oxalate. X-ray diffraction studies of the crystals in the tissue specimen revealed a pattern identical to that of commercially prepared calcium oxalate monohydrate. It is postulated that pre-existing inflammatory periodontal disease may have provided the appropriate milieu for the deposition and precipitation of crystals. These deposits, acting as a foreign body, further intensified the inflammatory response, resulting in extensive alveolar bone loss and external tooth resorption.
Extended THz measurements of nitrous oxide, N2O

Abstract High precision measurements of the atmospheric trace gas nitrous oxide have been extended up through 1.5 THz. The data set includes ground state, ν 2 , 2 ν 2 , 15 NNO, N 15 NO, and N 2 18 O spectra up to J = 68. Improved Hamiltonian parameters are given.
Endocrine activation mimics the adverse effects of prenatal stress on the neuromotor development of the infant primate.

Pregnant female rhesus monkeys were exposed to a 2-week period of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to determine whether it would affect the early neuromotor development of their fetuses in a manner similar to that observed after psychological stressors. During the first month after birth, infants were tested on two occasions with a modification of the Brazelton Newborn Behavioral Assessment Scale. Infants derived from ACTH-treated pregnancies showed early impairments in motor coordination and muscle tonicity and shorter attention spans as compared to controls. In addition, on a temperament rating scale, infants from the ACTH condition were more irritable and difficult to console. These findings indicate that a delimited period of endocrine activation during pregnancy can have an adverse effect on infant neurobehavioral development, like that of prenatal stress. © 1992 Wiley & sons. Inc.
Gradient based projection method for constrained optimization

We introduce a continuous-time gradient based optimization scheme for the convex programming problem. The dynamics of the optimization parameter are described by a continuous projection of the map's gradient. Its mechanics parallel that of an augmented steepest descent method with the exception that it behaves as an interior point method. The projection affects the flow field as if subject to an interior point barrier function. Under mild assumptions the optimization trajectories are shown to stay entirely within the feasible region and converge to the constrained optimum. The approach also simultaneously solves the Lagrangian dual problem even though the dynamics are not governed by it.
Biophysical aspects of corneal and lenticular transparency

The chemical composition and morphology of the cornea and lens can provide significant information regarding what wavelengths of nonionizing radiation these two tissue should absorb and transmit. Such data, including a variety of parameters determined by biophysical techniques, can provide us with information regarding the molecular basis for corneal and lenticular transparency and the subtle changes occurring with aging and ambient radiation exposure during our lifetime. The biophysical approach (fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy) has already provided new clinical tools for studying and delineating the initial events responsible for eventual opacification in these two tissues, months to years before they become manifest by current conventional clinical methods of examination.
Substrate inactivation of lung thromboxane synthase preferentially decreases thromboxane A2 production

Bovine lung thromboxane synthase was immobilized on phenyl-Sepharose beads by adsorption. The immobilized enzyme was catalytically active and synthesized both TXA2 and HHT. The production of both products was inhibited by 1-benzylimidazole and furegrelate. Multiple additions of PGH2 dramatically reduced the ability of the enzyme to synthesize TXA2, but did not effect the synthesis of HHT. In addition, 1-benzylimidazole did not protect thromboxane synthase from inactivation with multiple additions of PGH2. When the enzyme was incubated with PGH2 in the presence of 1-benzylimidazole, the synthesis of TXA2 was inhibited. When the inhibitor was removed the enzyme had still been inactivated by PGH2 in the presence of 1-benzylimidazole. Thus the substrate inactivation of the enzyme does not require the production of TXA2. Our data suggests that the synthesis of TXA2 and HHT can be differentially inactivated and may occur at different sites on the enzyme.
User cognitive types for decision support systems

Abstract This paper describes and presents the results of an experiment that was used to investigate the relationships between cognitive types, information presentation and their effect on decision making performance within the context of an MIS/DSS. The experimental task required subjects to specify production levels for future periods given information on prior results. Ninety-six subjects performed the experiment, with 24 in each of the four Jungian cognitive type groups. All subjects received the same information for making decisions but different information presentation modes. The information presentation modes included raw and statistically summarized data and graphical and tabular layouts. The subjects were provided their results after each of their ten decision ‘runs’ via hard copy output. Decisions were entered at CRT terminals by the subjects. Experimental results demonstrated significant differences in performance by cognitive types. Decision performance rankings were partially supported by the results. Hypothesized pairings of cognitive types and information presentation modes were also partially supported. Implications of the results for MIS/DSS design are explored.
Wafer bonding technology for silicon-on-insulator applications: a review

School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27706. The status of wafer bonding technology especially for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) materials is reviewed. General advantages of wafer bonding as well as specific problems of wafer bonding, such as interface bubble formation, and solutions for these problems are discussed. The specific requirements for SOI materials in terms of SOI layer thickness and the appropriate thinning procedures are dealt with. Interface properties such as bonding strength and electrical properties are also reviewed. Various device results are mentioned.
Opiate receptor-binding activity of [D-Thr2,Thz5]-and [D-Met2,Thz5]-enkephalinamides.

Abstract The binding characteristics of two highly potent analgesic enkephalin analogs, [D-Thr 2 , Thz 5 ]- and [D-Met 2 , Thz 5 ]-enkephalinamide, to the rat brain membrane preparation have been investigated using tritiated Leuenkephalin, human β-endorphin or dihydromorphine as the primary ligand. Concentrations for 50% inhibiting activity of the enkephalin analogs are much lower in displacing tritiated dihydromorphine in comparison with that for the other two tritiated ligands. In addition, a correlation between analgesic potency and capacity to displace tritiated dihydromorphine is observed. These data may explain the high antinociceptive activity of the enkephalin analogs and support the hypothesis that the μ-receptor is involved with analgesia.
A study of bacteriological media; the examination of bacto-casitone.

Three batches of Bacto-Casitone have been examined quantitatively for their free and total amino acids using paper chromatography. Variation occurs in the free amino acids in the three batches. The spots due to the peptides have been found to be a mixture of peptides. When casitone was examined for its strepogenin activity using the medium of Steele, Sauberlich, Reynolds and Baumann1, and Kodicek and Mistry2 the stimulatory pattern in the two media appeared to be different. The three batches showed similar strepogenin activity.
Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use.

Aims To examine the prospective relationships between childhood externalizing and internalizing disorders and substance use in early adolescence. Design Longitudinal, community-based study of twins (aged 11 at intake; aged 14 at follow-up). Setting and participants The sample was composed of twins participating in the Minnesota Twin Family Study, an epidemiological sample of twins and their families representative of the state population of Minnesota. A total of 699 twin girls and 665 twin boys participated at both time-points. Measurements Twins participated in in-person, life-time diagnostic assessments of the following childhood DSM III-R externalizing and internalizing disorders at age 11: conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder and in addition, for girls only, overanxious disorder and separation anxiety disorder. At ages 11 and 14, substance use and abuse were assessed. Findings Externalizing psychopathology predicted having tried alcohol, nicotine and cannabis by age 14 as well as regular and advanced experience with these substances. Internalizing disorders showed weak effects, with only major depression at age 11 showing a significant relationship with substance use at age 14. Conclusion The results suggest that externalizing psychopathology is a robust prospective predictor of a variety of early onset substance use behaviors and is systematically related to degree of substance use involvement. The results also suggest that depression may predict initiation of licit substance use in early adolescence.
A configuration space for permutation-invariant multi-robot formations

In this paper we describe a new representation for a configuration space for formations of robots that translate in the plane. What makes this representation unique is that it is permutation-invariant, so the relabeling of robots does not affect the configuration. Earlier methods generally either pre-assign roles for each individual robot, or rely on local planning and behaviors to build emergent behaviors. Our method first plans the formation as a set, and only afterwards determines which robot takes which role. To build our representation of this formation space, we make use of a property of complex polynomials: they are unchanged by permutations of their roots. Thus we build a characteristic polynomial whose roots are the robot locations, and use its coefficients as a representation. Mappings between work spaces and formation spaces amount to building and solving polynomials. In this paper we also perform basic path planning on this new representation, and show some practical and theoretical properties. We show that the paths generated are invariant-relative to their endpoints - with respect to linear coordinate transforms, and in most cases produce reasonable, if not linear, paths from start to finish.
Late Devonian tetrapod habitats indicated by palaeosols in Pennsylvania

Abstract: Late Devonian (Famennian) tetrapods from the Duncannon Member of the Catskill Formation, near Hyner (Pennsylvania, USA) have been found within palaeosols that offer a new line of evidence for their ancient environments. Hyner has yielded at least two fossil tetrapod species, Hynerpeton basseti and Densignathus rowei . Subhumid Vertisol palaeosols and semiarid Aridisol palaeosols alternate at Hyner, as in other Catskill Formation sedimentary cycles attributed to Milankovitch-eccentricity periods (100 ka). Tetrapods were found in palaeosols of subhumid, not semiarid, phases of 100 ka palaeoclimate cycles. In addition, palaeosols at Hyner record an unusually warm and wet climatic episode compared with other palaeosols of the Catskill Formation, and correlated with the European Annulata black shale event. Tetrapod bones are cracked and disarticulated in red palaeosols of an oxbow lake margin, as if victims of dry-season death, decay, and subaerial weathering. Vegetation-choked swales and floodplains would have afforded shelter from 3–4 m long predatory fish ( Hyneria lindae ) of open water, and offered food of large dead fish, small live fish, arachnids, myriapods and scorpions. If these early tetrapods lived on land at all, it was during wet seasons of feeding and breeding, rather than fatally dry seasons. Supplementary material: Chemical data are available at http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18373.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Developmental Toxicology

The kinetics of disposition of drugs and environmental chemicals will be altered as a result of the rapid and pronounced anatomic and physiologic changes that occur during pregnancy. These include changes in maternal intestinal motility, pulmonary tidal volume and minute volume, cardiac output, and renal function as well as in maternal tissue and fluid volumes and in the weight of the embryo/fetus and its developing organs. Physiologically-based models of pregnancy are capable of taking these temporal changes into account. Several such models have been developed. They vary in their characteristics, depending on the chemical under consideration and the period of gestation of concern to the developers of the models. Several physiologically-based models of gestation are outlined, and an example is given of the application of a physiologically-based model of gestation to predict dose to the rat and mouse fetus.
Vitellogenic Blood Protein Synthesis by Insect Fat Body

The female fat body of a moth and a roach incorporated labeled amino acids in vitro into substances precipitable by antibodies formed in response to the sex-limited vitellogenic blood proteins of these species. The fat body of males failed to do so, as did that of females before the appearance of these proteins in the blood.
Cytotoxic Constituents of Muntingia calabura Leaves and Stems Collected in Thailand

From samples of Muntingia calabura leaves and stems of Thai origin were obtained the cytotoxic flavonoids chrysin, 2′, 4′-dihydroxychalcone, and galangin 3, 7-dimethyl ether. These compounds were a...
Chunk and object level deduplication for web optimization: A hybrid approach

Proxy caches or Redundancy Elimination (RE) systems have been used to remove redundant bytes in WAN links. However, they come with some inherited deficiencies. Proxy caches provide less savings than RE systems, and RE systems have limitations related to speed, memory and storage overhead. In this paper we advocate the use of a hybrid approach, in which each type of cache acts as a module in a system with shared memory and storage space. A static scheduler precedes the cache modules and determines what types of traffic should be forwarded to which module. We also propose several optimizations for each of the modules, such that the storage and memory overhead are minimized. We evaluate the proposed system by performing a trace driven emulation. Our results indicate that a hybrid system is able to provide better savings than a proxy cache, or a standalone RE system. The hybrid system requires less memory, less disk space and provides a speed-up ratio equal to three compared to an RE system.
Nanomechanical motion of Escherichia coli adhered to a surface

Nanomechanical motion of bacteria adhered to a chemically functionalized silicon surface is studied by means of a microcantilever. A non-specific binding agent is used to attach Escherichia coli (E. coli) to the surface of a silicon microcantilever. The microcantilever is kept in a liquid medium, and its nanomechanical fluctuations are monitored using an optical displacement transducer. The motion of the bacteria couples efficiently to the microcantilever well below its resonance frequency, causing a measurable increase in the microcantilever fluctuations. In the time domain, the fluctuations exhibit large-amplitude low-frequency oscillations. In corresponding frequency-domain measurements, it is observed that the mechanical energy is focused at low frequencies with a 1/fα-type power law. A basic physical model is used for explaining the observed spectral distribution of the mechanical energy. These results lay the groundwork for understanding the motion of microorganisms adhered to surfaces and for developing micromechanical sensors for bacteria.
Transcriptional Networks Controlling Plant Development

The rise of developmental biology to the fore of modern biology can be traced back to the efforts of three people: Ed Lewis, Christiane Nusslein-Volhard, and Eric Wieschaus. Lewis had been studying the homeotic Bithorax gene complex in fruitfly ( Drosophila melanogaster ) for several decades and
Developing Software in Bicultural Context: The Role of a SoDIS Inspection

This paper introduces the SoDIS process to identify ethical and social risks from software development in the context of designing software for the New Zealand Maori culture. In reviewing the SoDIS analysis for this project, the tensions between two cultures are explored. The paper concludes with some reflections upon the key principles informing the professional development of software and ways in which cultural values are embedded in supposedly neutral technologies, and reviews the lessons learned about avoiding colonization while working on a bicultural project. The modified SoDIS methodology was used in the design and development of a national database in New Zealand to develop a genealogy database to distribute NZ 700 million dollars worth of fisheries assets to several claimant tribes.
Retained alloplastic temporomandibular joint disk implants: A retrospective study

The surgical treatment of intermediate- to late-stage temporomandibular joint disease often involves disk removal. In many instances, disks have not been replaced; long-term postsurgical findings of crepitation and osseous remodeling have been noted although subjective signs and symptoms have been few. Attempts to decrease the noises and bony changes, to enhance biologic resurfacing, and to prevent adhesions, recurrent pain, and dysfunction have prompted many surgeons to use various alloplastic materials to replace the disk, either in a planned permanent (retained) or a planned temporary (retrievable) manner. However, a certain degree of morbidity remains. This article reports clinical responses and radiographic findings in a series of patients who received retained alloplastic temporomandibular joint disk implants.
The formal darwinism project in outline: Response to commentaries

The broader context for the formal darwinism project established by two of the commentators, in terms of reconciling the Modern Synthesis with Darwinian arguments over design and in terms of links to other types of selection and design, is discussed and welcomed. Some overselling of the project is admitted, in particular of whether it claims to consider all organic design. One important fundamental question raised in two commentaries is flagged but not answered of whether design is rightly represented by an optimisation program, and another from one commentary of whether the coreplicon dissolves in the face of multi-generational imprinting. Calls for the project to be extended to design at levels above and below the individual are considered sympathetically, but judged impractical at the high level of abstraction of the project. All claims of substantive technical error are emphatically rejected. Close technical readings are welcomed that, among other things, represent the project as 'axiomatizing fitness'. The prospects for the project are set out in the light of this highly varied set of commentaries.
An efficient three-point arc algorithm

For many applications a 2-D circular arc can be conveniently specified by three points that lie on the arc. Since the radius of curvature grows without bound as the three points become collinear, any practical algorithm must avoid calculating the arc's radius or functions of the radius. An algorithm that achieves this objective is presented. It is very efficient because it uses exclusively integer arithmetic and requires only addition, subtraction, comparison, and branch operation in the inner loop. >
Dynamics of jack pine at the southern range boundary in downeast Maine.

Great Wass Island in Maine supports a large population of Pinus banksiana Lamb. (jack pine) at its southern range boundary. Nearly monospecific stands occur on outcrops and coastal plateau bogs. In contrast to typical populations of this species, six stands exhibited old trees, multiaged structure, and continuous but pulsed establishment despite a lack of widespread fire. Unfavorable soil conditions appear to explain the presence of self-perpetuating populations in this study area, across the geographic range for P. banksiana, and for similar shade-intolerant pine species. Pinus banksiana stands on outcrops exhibited synchronous age structure peaks and included many trees over 150 years old. In contrast, coastal plateau bog stands were younger, were not synchronized in terms of age structure, and contained few large dead trees, suggesting turn-of-the-20th century invasion of these bogs. Analysis of historical aerial photographs furthermore reveals substantial infilling of bogs by P. banksiana since 1940. ...
In vitro complementation between non-allelic mutants deficient in xanthine dehydrogenase. II. The absence of thema-l+factor inlxdmutant flies

Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster , the ma-1 (64 + , X chromosome) and the ry (52 + , 3rd chromosome) eye color mutants are deficient in xanthine dehydrogenase (see Glassman, 1962b, for a discussion of these loci). However, incubating extracts of ma-1 and ry flies together elicits xanthine dehydrogenase activity although none was initially present ( Glassman, 1962b ). This in vitro complementation suggests that a ry + complementing “factor” in ma-1 extracts and a ma-1 + complementing “factor” in ry extracts react to produce functional enzyme molecules. The nature of these “factors” is not clear. Recently we have discovered lxd (low xanthine dehydrogenase) at a third locus (33 + , 3rd chromosome). These flies have 20 to 25% the xanthine dehydrogenase activity of wild-type ( Keller and Glassman, 1964 ). This paper is a preliminary report describing the effect of this locus on the ma-1 + complementing factor.
Conflict and Change Among West Indian Parents and Their Adolescents in Britain

The study to be reported here is an ethnographic account taken from a larger study of self‐concept, self‐esteem, and locus of control among majority‐minority group adolescents in English multiracia...
Iterative schemes for mixed finite element methods with applications to elasticity and compressible flow problems

Iterative schemes for mixed finite element methods are proposed and analyzed in two abstract formulations. The first one has applications to elliptic equations and incompressible fluid flow problems, while the second has applications to linear elasticity and compressible Stokes problems. These schemes are constructed through iteratively penalizing the mixed finite element scheme, of which iterated penalty method and augmented Lagrangian method are special cases. Convergence theorems are demonstrated in abstract formulations in Hilbert spaces, and applications to individual physical problems are considered as examples. Theoretical analysis and computational experiments both show that the proposed schemes have very fast convergence; a few iterations are normally enough to reduce the iterative error to a prescribed precision. Numerical examples with continuous and discontinuous coefficients are presented.
Enhanced superoxide dismutase activity of pulsed cytochorme oxidase

Abstract The superoxide disumutase (SOD) activity of beef heart cytochrome oxidase, both in the resting (as isolated) and pulsed (reduced and reoxidized) states, has been investigated using their ability to inhibit the autoxidation rate of pyrogallol and epinephrine. Resting oxidase showed variable SOD activity, while in the pulsed state the SOD activity of cytochrome oxidase (C c O) increased by an order of magnitude. These results are discussed in terms of a physiological role for the pulsed oxidase.
The Chorus Song of Cooperatively Breeding Laughing Kookaburras (Coraciiformes, Halcyonidae: Dacelo novaeguineae): Characterization and Comparison Among Groups

I studied vocalizations of laughing kookaburras in Western Australia by sampling the laugh-song choruses of eight different groups and the isolated vocalizations of four individuals of this cooperatively breeding species. These data provided a description of the acoustic structure of vocal elements of the laugh song and a between-group comparison of laugh choruses. I identified six different categories of syllables: some syllable types appear graded with modal forms predominating. Group choruses were produced by several birds vocalizing simultaneously, usually following initiation by a single bird producing one of two typical introductory sets of syllable repetitions. Statistical analyses of samples of mid-chorus vocalizations of kookaburra groups revealed that the samples from each of the eight groups clustered in principal coordinate space and the group clusters segregated from each other to a significant degree. Linear discriminant analysis assigned 24 of the 25 samples to their correct groups. These results suggest that there is group-specific vocal signature information in the laugh chorus. The within-group similarity and between-group differences may result from heritable variation or from imitation learning. Observations of the contexts of the laugh chorus vocalization supported the interpretations of others that the chorus song is involved in group advertisement of territory occupancy and in defense of the communal borders.
REVERSIBLE, THERMOTROPIC ALTERATION OF NUCLEAR MEMBRANE STRUCTURE AND NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC RNA TRANSPORT IN TETRAHYMENA

We examine the effect of cooling upon the freeze-etch ultrastructure of nuclear membranes, as well as upon nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport in the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena pyriformis. Chilling produces smooth, particle-free areas on both faces of the two freeze-fractured macronuclear membranes. Upon return to optimum growth temperature the membrane-associated particles revert to their normal uniform distribution and the smooth areas disappear. Chilling lowers the incorporation of [14C]uridine into whole cells and their cytoplasmic RNA. Cooling from the optimum growth temperature of 28° to 18°C (or above) decreases [14C]uridine incorporation into cells more than into their cytoplasmic RNA; chilling to below 18°C but above 10°C causes the reverse. [14C]Uridine incorporation into whole cells and their cytoplasmic RNA reflects overall RNA synthesis and nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport, respectively. RNA transport decreases strongly between 20° and 16°C, which is also the temperature range where morphologically detectable nuclear membrane transitions occur. This suggests that the nuclear envelope limits the rate of nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport at low temperatures. We hypothesize that a thermotropic lipid phase transition switches nuclear pore complexes from an "open" to a "closed" state with respect to nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport.
Function of the Bone Protein Osteocalcin: Definitive Evidence

Mice that lacked the genes for the bone protein osteocalcin were generated and were used to study the function of osteocalcin. These osteocalcin-deficient mutants had normal bones at birth but had increased bone density and thickness at 6 months. Their osteoblasts deposited more bone matrix than those of wild-type mice, though mineralization was not affected. Osteocalcin, therefore, was concluded to be a negative regulator of bone formation.
Getting What the Occupation Gives: Exploring Multilevel Links Between Work Design and Occupational Values

The history of work design research is voluminous and compelling. Thousands of studies have demonstrated the wide-reaching and powerful impact the design of work can have on a host of meaningful outcomes. Yet, absent in much of this research is an explicit consideration of the context within which work is performed and how this context might impact work design. Drawing from the theory of work adjustment, we describe the different ways in which occupations are linked to work design. In a sample of 805 individuals from 230 occupations, our multilevel examinations show the occupational-level values of achievement, independence, altruism, status, and comfort are related to a variety of work characteristics. In addition, we found that work characteristics are key mechanisms through which these occupational values affect individual-level job satisfaction. Implications of these results for work design theory and practice are discussed.
Controls on oxygen isotope variability in precipitation and cave drip waters, central Texas, USA

summary This study investigates the factors that control the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation and cave drip waters in central Texas. Precipitation samples collected in Austin, Texas at monthly to bimonthly intervals between 1999 and 2007 have d 18 O values between 12.6‰ and 1.1‰ VSMOW and a weighted average value of 4.1‰. This weighted average value likely reflects the isotopic composition of precipitation generated predominantly by moisture masses that originate from the Gulf of Mexico. Samples with the lowest d 18 O values (12.6 ± 0.1‰) are associated with precipitation from moisture masses related to Pacific tropical cyclones. Precipitation amount appears to be an important control on the oxygen isotope composition of rainfall during summertime periods with the warmest weather, but does not account for the variability of the precipitation isotopic data for colder months. Drip-water samples collected at monthly to quarterly intervals from multiple drip sites in three regionally distributed central Texas caves between 1998 and 2007 have d 18 O values between 5.5‰ and 0.6‰ with individual drip sites generally
Nesiritide Compared with Milrinone for Cardiac Surgery

Management of patients with low cardiac output syndromes is difficult. Current therapies (ie, inotropes) have associated adverse effects and have not been shown to impact clinical outcomes such as decreased mortality or length of stay. Patients unable to recover from low cardiac output states have end organ damage, increased lengths of stay, increased hospital costs, and readmissions. Nesiritide has been suggested as an alternative or adjunct medication to treat cardiac surgery patients. Recent trials have provided information on the effects of some of these agents on clinical outcomes including respiratory failure, length of stay, and mortality.
Reliable garbage collection in distributed object oriented systems

Examines the problem of reliable storage reclamation in a distributed object-oriented system. A distributed algorithm is proposed that utilizes a modified reference counting strategy for intermode pointers and mark-and-sweep for local garbage collection. The algorithm allows nodes to fail in a failstop manner, in which case the global garbage collection functions in a gracefully degraded mode of operation. Compaction of objects is supported and object locality is exploited to reduce overhead. >
Sex differences and handedness in hemispheric lateralization of tactile-spatial functions.

Sex differences in spatial processing and handedness were studied with a tactile-spatial task in 27 male and 29 female right-handed undergraduate students in psychology. Subjects were asked to identify amorphous shapes to investigate possible male right-hemisphere specialization for spatial functions and bilateral representation among the women. The Annett handedness questionnaire estimated extent of right-handedness. Subjects were classified by major, and women by phase of menstrual cycle. Analysis shows significantly more right-handedness in women and ambidexterity in men. Over-all, men do not perform significantly better than women, although men outperform women with their left hands when handedness is covaried. Within sex, no difference is seen between left and right hand scores for men, but women perform significantly better with right than left hands. Further analyses suggest men appear right-hemisphere dominant for this task whereas women show left-hemisphere dominance. Analyses of hormonal data su...
Frequency agile detection performance for a fast-moving forward-looking active SONAR

In active SONAR, frequency agility refers to the transmission, reception, and processing of narrowband waveforms centered at disparate carrier frequencies, which are spaced throughout a wide operational bandwidth. Higher frequencies provide the greatest spatial and Doppler resolution, but are subject to increased attenuation, which limits their useful detection range. Lower frequencies propagate more readily to farther ranges, but their corresponding lower resolution limits their processing gain against reverberation in shallow water sound channels. This study investigates the impact of frequency on the detection performance of a fast-moving forward-looking, fixed aperture SONAR. It develops a model of reverberation as a noise process with a time-dependent power spectrum that is used in conjunction with acoustic ray tracing models to characterize detection performance as a function of target range and Doppler and SONAR frequency. The methodology is demonstrated on two shallow-water acoustic channels.
A new formulation of the algebraic Riccati equation problem

A new formulation of the algebraic Riccati equation is presented and a closed form solution is obtained under the hypothesis that the coefficient matrices fulfill certain commutativity conditions on a transformed space. The formulation extends the results of [1] to a wider class of Riccati problems.
Electrical equivalent method for thermal stress analysis

A method that can help to improve understanding of thermal-stress problems and is useful for the first-order analysis of thermal stresses in the layered structures of laminates is introduced. The technique models the thermal expansion and the elasticity of each layer as components in a three-terminal equivalent electrical circuit. A model of the laminate is developed by connecting the equivalent circuits of the layers in a network. Currents and voltages are obtained by network analysis. The thermal stresses in the laminate are derived from the branch currents; the local thermal expansion coefficients for the surfaces or for internal bonding interfaces are given by the node voltages. >
Techniques to Extend Canary-Based Standby $V_{DD}$ Scaling for SRAMs to 45 nm and Beyond

VDD scaling is an efficient technique to reduce SRAM leakage power during standby mode. The data retention voltage (DRV) defines the minimum VDD that can be applied to an SRAM cell without losing data. The conventional worst-case guard-banding approach selects a fixed standby supply voltage at design time to accommodate the variability of DRV, which sacrifices potential power savings for non-worst-case scenarios. We have proposed a canary-based feedback to achieve aggressive power savings by tracking PVT variations through canary cell failures. In this paper, we show new measured silicon results that confirm the ability of the canary scheme to track PVT changes. We thoroughly analyze the adaptiveness of the canary cells for tracking changes in the SRAM array, including the ability to track PVT fluctuations. We present circuits for robustly building the control logic that implements the feedback mechanism at subthreshold supply voltages, and we derive a new analytical model to help tune the canary cells in the presence of variations. To realistically quantify the potential savings achievable by the canary scheme, we assess the impact of various sources of overhead. Finally, we investigate the performance of the canary based scheme in nanometer technologies, and we show that it promises to provide substantial standby power savings down to the 22 nm node.
Peak Rate of Occurrence of a Poisson Process.

Suppose that a nonhomogeneous Poisson process is observed for a length of time T, say Let λ (t) denote the mean value function of the process. It is assumed that λ (t) is first increasing then decreasing inside the interval (0, T) with peak at t = t0, say. Three methods are given for estimating to. One of these methods is nonparametric, and the other two methods are based on the standard regression technique and the maximum likelihood principle The given resull has application in a problem of determining the azimuth of a target from the radar-impulse data. The time series of incoming signals may be approximated by the occurrence of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with mean value function λ (t). The azimuth of the target is reasonably determined from the direction of the axis of the radar beam at the instant to, corresponding to the peak value of λ (t).
Nucleon properties from unconventional interpolating fields

Interpolating fields, used to excite hadrons from the QCD vacuum in nonperturbative field-theoretic investigations of hadron properties, are explored with an emphasis on unconventional nucleon interpolators. The QCD continuum model for excited state contributions to QCD correlation functions is a central element in extracting the physics contained in these alternate correlation functions. The analysis confirms the independence of nucleon properties obtained from different interpolating fields. However, this independence comes about in a trivial manner. These results provide a resolution to the long standing debate over the optimal nucleon interpolating field to be used in QCD sum rule analyses.
Isolation, transcription, and inactivation of the gene for an atypical alkaline phosphatase of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942.

The alkaline phosphatase of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 is 145 kDa, which is larger than any alkaline phosphatase previously characterized and approximately three times the size of the analogous enzyme in Escherichia coli. The gene for the alkaline phosphatase, phoA, was cloned and sequenced, and the protein that it encodes was found to have little similarity to other phosphatases. Some sequence similarities were observed between the Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 alkaline phosphatase, the alpha subunit of the ATPase from bacteria and chloroplasts, and the UshA sugar hydrolase of E. coli. Also, limited sequence similarity was observed between a region of the phosphatase and a motif implicated in nucleotide binding. Interestingly, although the alkaline phosphatase is transported across the inner cytoplasmic membrane and into the periplasmic space, it does not appear to have a cleavable signal sequence at its amino terminus. The half-life of the mRNA encoding the alkaline phosphatase, measured after inhibition of RNA synthesis, is approximately 5 min. Similar kinetics for the loss of alkaline phosphatase mRNA occur upon the addition of phosphate to phosphate-depleted cultures, suggesting that high levels of this nutrient inhibit transcription from phoA almost immediately. The phoA gene also appears to be the first gene of an operon; the largest detectable transcript that hybridizes to a phoA gene-specific probe is 11 kb, over twice the size needed to encode the mature protein. Other phosphate-regulated mRNAs are also transcribed upstream of the phoA gene. Insertional inactivation of phoA results in the loss of extracellular, phosphate-regulated phosphatase activity but does not alter the capacity of the cell for phosphate uptake. Images
A visual programming environment for programming by example abstraction

The paper describes a way of extending the flexibility of example-based programming. The purpose of introducing such a programming style is to provide the user with a way of telling the system why and how he operates on it. This ability is achieved by introducing three mechanisms for target object specification, goal-driven execution, and parameter transfer by means of a clipboard. In the system, the user can specify the relationship between the application status, the target object, and the user operation. A flexible programming capability can be provided as a monitoring function for system support. Consequently, the user can apply the programming-by-example facility to any applications implemented on top of this system. >
A new framework of fuzzy clustering algorithm

In this paper, a novel data clustering algorithm based on the subtractive clustering (SC) algorithm and a new validity index are proposed. The SC algorithm is a simple method for data clustering; however, it has two problems which must be overcome. The first problem is such that the cluster centers found by SC are taken from data with the highest potential values, but that this data may not be the real cluster centers. The second problem is such that the cluster number generated by the SC algorithm is influenced by a predefined parameter. The proposed algorithm is based on distance relations between data and centers and is designed to ascertain the real centers generated by the SC algorithm. In addition, a novel robust cluster index is proposed to identify the real cluster number generated by SC algorithm.
Adding hand motion to the motion capture based character animation

Most character motion capture data does not contain secondary motions like detailed hand motion, therefore the resultant animation looks unnatural due to the stiffness of hand motion. In this paper, we analyzed the pose space distance from the character’s motion capture data and used stepwise searching algorithm to find the key poses for hand motion synthesis. We adaptively changed the contrast of the local distance map to capture the small motions. If an appropriate hand motion data available, temporal alignment with speed matching and spatial warping of motion data can produce realistic hand motion. If there is no motion capture data available, key frame with cubic or gaussian based interpolation can be used to generate in between frames.
OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY ON POLYMERIC DISPERSIONS

Optical spectroscopy covers the “middle” range of the electromagnetic spectrum from the ultraviolet (UV, λ >> 10 nm) to the infrared (IR, λ< 1 mm) Experimental equipment for optical spectroscopy in this wavelength range is built with typical optical elements like mirrors, lenses, gratings, optical filters etc. The incident energy is delivered by “light” sources. The long-wavelength end of the electromagnetic spectrum (i.e. λ in the mm range) requires a completely different experimental techniques (e.g. hollow conductors for microwave spectrometry) as the short-wavelength end does (λ<<100 nm) with special X-ray and γ-ray equipment.
Towards evolutionary management framework for technological catching-up

Ambitions of developing countries for technological catching-up are increasingly rooted in their commitment and competence to rapidly build up capabilities. This places national knowledge systems at the core of technological development strategies. As a result of the cumulative nature of learning and differences in the rate of accumulation of technological capabilities, there is an inherent expansion in the economic prosperity gaps across the developing countries comparing to their industrialized counterparts. Narrowing these gaps requires sustainable catching-up efforts of various kinds. Pivotal among these is the swift accumulation of technological capabilities within a deliberate management framework for technological catching-up. Therefore, this research work aims at originate an evolutionary management framework for technological catching-up based on developing an empirical understanding of technology development implications in Libyan oil sector — as being the case study of interest — and through exploring the experiential stock of research organizations, firms and business sectors involved in technological innovation in both industrialized and developing countries.
CapacityApproaching Multiuser Communications over Multiple Input/Multiple Output Broadcast Channels

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Many-to-One Multiple Access versus One-to-Many Scalar Broadcast Channels Alternative Approach: Dirty Paper Coding A Simple 2 �� 2 Example General Gaussian MIMO Broadcast Channels Coding with Side Information at the Transmitter Summary References ]]>
Spinal Subdural Hematoma and Non-Accidental Head Injury

The incidence of spinal pathology in 18 children with non-accidental head injury was determined in a study at Nottingham University Hospitals, UK.