cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field Evaluation of the Ultrasonic Personal Aerosol Sampler (UPAS) for Respirable Dust Exposure in a Taconite Mine

Exposure to respirable dust (RD; the mass fraction of inhaled particles that penetrate to the unciliated airways) is a major health concern in a variety of workplaces. While the estimation of personal exposure is an essential step in protecting worker health from aerosol hazards, the traditional method for assessing personal exposure to RD, suggested by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH method 0600), requires equipment that is heavy, bulky, noisy, and has the need of frequent calibration. The ultrasonic personal aerosol sampler (UPAS) is a new personal sampling technology designed to address some of these drawbacks associated with traditional sampling methods. In this study, we field tested and evaluated the performance of the UPAS for assessing worker exposure to RD in a taconite mine. Mineworkers (n = 39) from various job categories were recruited to wear both UPAS and NIOSH 0600 samplers on a work vest to estimate time-weighted exposure to RD. A strong linear relationship was observed (NIOSH method 0600 = 1.06 (UPAS) -9.22 µg m-3, r2 of 0.72, and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.854). None of the workers were exposed to a RD concentration above the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit (5 mg m-3). A Bland-Altman analysis revealed that 72% of the valid UPAS samples agreed within ±25% of the traditional method mean. The impact of job category on the correlation of the methods was not statistically significant. This work suggests that the UPAS may present a viable alternative for assessing personal exposure to RD in the workplace.
Seagrass mediates microalgal community structure at a distance

Seagrass beds provide a variety of ecosystem services, some of which accrue outside the bounds of the habitat itself. Here we use environmental DNA (eDNA) amplicons to analyze the temporal and spatial effect of eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the immediately surrounding ecological community. Sampling seawater along transects extending outward from eelgrass beds, we demonstrate that eDNA provides meter-scale resolution of communities in the field. We evaluate eDNA abundance indices for twelve major phylogenetic groups of marine and estuarine taxa along these transects, finding highly local changes linked with proximity to Z. marina for a diverse group of dinoflagellates. Eelgrass habitat consistently and dramatically limits dinoflagellate abundance both within the beds and for at least fifteen meters outside. Because many dinoflagellates are capable of forming Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) toxic to humans and other animal species, the salutory effect of eelgrass habitat on neighboring waters has important implications for public health as well as shellfish aquaculture and harvesting.
Complication of Hepatitis A Infection: Case Report of Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy.

Author(s): Laursen, Daniel; Krug, Jeffrey; Wolford, Robert | Abstract: Introduction: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) is characterized by progressive, mild sensory symptoms and progressive areflexic weakness. It typically follows a gastrointestinal or respiratory infection but has rarely been described after acute viral hepatitis.Case Report: This is the case of a 59-year-old male who presented to the emergency department after acutely developing progressive neurologic symptoms following a hospitalization for acute hepatitis A. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed albuminocytologic dissociation, and cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed nerve root enhancement.Discussion: The patient was diagnosed with AIDP, which is the most common subtype of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the United States and Europe. There have been few previously reported cases of AIDP following acute hepatitis A infection.
Reduced Order Model of a Four Zone Medium Voltage DC Electric Ship

The models of multi-zone electric ship is important to the development of ship operational capability and performance. However, there is not one best model type that can fit all the needs of the engineering process. High-fidelity models are needed to act as a digital twin to the system hardware for testing and validation purposes. However, a highly detailed digital model of a MVDC does not enable insight and development of analytical control and optimization algorithms. This paper presents a reduced order model (ROM) of a notional four-zone medium voltage ship. This ROM can be written in a closed-form analytical expression that is appropriate for analysis and high-level supervisory control synthesis.
The Functional Nature of Behavioral Categories

To define each unit of behavior experimentally would be an enormous task. Even for an individual pigeon or rat it may not be possible because there are an indefinite number of such units in its behavior and new ones are always being formed. Behavior analysts do not however propose to study behavior unit by unit, animal by animal. The main objects of study are the principles by which units come into existence, undergo change, and go out of existence. Skinner assumes that each different kind of unit has its own such principles. His research strategy calls for intensive study of only a few carefully chosen representatives of each kind in a few representative species. If the dynamic regularities of a given kind of unit are consistent from one instance to another, and from one species to another, one may (in the absence of evidence to the contrary) reasonably proceed on the assumption that the regularities generalize to all units of the kind under study, for all species that possess the unit.
UNPREFERRED PREFERENCES: UNAVOIDABLE OR A FAILURE OF THE MARKET?

In this paper I will address a question not confronted in the earlier article: Should the imperfect preference shaping performance of markets be called a "failure" or is this characteristic an inevitable feature of any imaginable economy? According to cultural critic James B. Twitchell, "the idea that consumerism creates artificial desires rests on a wistful ignorance of history and human nature, on the hazy, romantic feeling that there existed some halcyon era of noble savages with purely natural needs" [1999, 283]. Similar sentiments have become more common among economists. The very idea of "market failure" has come under increasing attack, coincidental with the widening popularity of market forces throughout the world. One strategy - represented in the above quotation - has been to point out that any idealized theoretical model cannot actually exist and that as surely as markets "fail" so too must any alternative mechanisms for carrying out economic functions. The public choice school, originating within economics and responsible for extending the rational choice model
A new way to detect volcanic plumes

[1] Detection of volcanic plumes, especially ash-laden ones, is important both for public health and aircraft safety. A variety of geophysical tools and satellite data are used to monitor volcanic eruptions and to predict the movement of ash. However, satellite-based methods are restricted by time of day and weather, while radars are often unavailable because of cost/portability. Here a method is proposed to detect volcanic plumes using GPS signal strength data. The strengths and limitations of the method are assessed using GPS data collected during the 2008 and 2009 eruptions of the Okmok and Mt. Redoubt volcanoes. Plume detections using this GPS technique are consistent with independently collected seismic and radar data.
Failure accomodation in linear systems through self-reorganization.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Thesis. 1971. Ph.D.
Non-European cosmology and constellation development

The study of the structure and evolution of the universe belongs to the field of cosmology, as opposed to the description and representation of this structure, which is cosmography. Cosmographical images are depicted in many celestial charts, so it is important to have a sense of various cosmological systems. Since printed star maps are essentially a European development, I will go into much detail in the next chapter about the thread of cosmological development that began with the classical Greeks as background for an understanding of what is shown on these maps.
Comparison of Data Set Bias in Object Recognition Benchmarks

Current research in the area of automatic visual object recognition heavily relies on testing the performance of new algorithms by using benchmark data sets. Such data sets can be based on standardized data sets collected systematically in a controlled environment (e.g., COIL-20), as well as benchmarks compiled by collecting images from various sources, normally via the World Wide Web (e.g., Caltech 101). Here, we test bias in benchmark data sets by separating a small area from each image such that the area is seemingly blank, and too small to allow manual recognition of the object. The method can be used to detect the existence of data set bias in a single-object recognition data set, and compare the bias to other data sets. The results show that all the tested data sets allowed classification accuracy higher than mere chance by using the small images, although the sub-images did not contain any visually interpretable information. That shows that the consistency of the images within the different classes of object recognition data sets can allow classifying the images even by algorithms that do not recognize objects. Among the tested data sets, PASCAL is the data set with the lowest observed bias, while data sets acquired in a controlled environment, such as COIL-20, COIL-100, and NEC Animals, are more vulnerable to bias, and can be classified by the sub-images with accuracy far higher than mere chance.
Authority in Organizations: On the Reconciliation of Democracy and Expertise

The issue is whether democracy and expertise can be reconciled as bases for the allocation of authority in organizations. If expertise is the criterion, then the experts will dictate and the nonexperts will simply follow. If democracy is the criterion, then all have a legitimate right to influence and the expert is no more authoritative than the nonexpert. There is much to be said in favor of both of these criteria, but each appears to rule out the other. If a choice must be made, expertise would seem to have preference because research has shown that democracy is not very workable. The factors that most enhance the success of worker participation, whether truly democratic or not, are interest in the area of decision, competence to help make decisions, and generally accepted norms of product quality. On this basis, a "voluntarist model" of organizational democracy is introduced, covering task decisions in organizations that should be made in the rational mode. Under this model, democracy prevails, but participants voluntarily submit to the influence of experts as required by quality norms and the viability of the group. A few examples show that the voluntarist model can be implemented successfully and can reconcile democracy with expertise. As values helping to select the preferred locus of authority in organizations, democracy and expertise easily may conflict. But do they necessarily conflict? How might they be reconciled? I will suggest an emphasis on democracy, but a model of democracy that is hypothesized to yield a practical reconciliation of the conflicting values when a third value, that of product quality, is also introduced. For many, the normative question of whether to vest organizational authority in experts or in democratic institutions might 'Paper delivered at the Berkeley Symposium on Public Management Research, Berkeley, California, July 19, 1993. Reprinted with permission of EurAmerica A Journal of European and American Studies (Academia Sinica, Taipei), Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1992. J-PART, 4(1994):1:49-65 491Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory This content downloaded from 207.46.13.11 on Wed, 10 Aug 2016 06:43:41 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Berkeley Symposium: Selected Papers seem academic only. Possible conflict between these two valued alternatives might be perceived as hardly troublesome because the locus of authority is determined by another criterion altogether; the conflict therefore never arises. That other and perhaps primary criterion is position. There is a hierarchy of offices, and those higher up have more authority than those lower down. In addition, the scope of authority is compartmentalized by position and often is indicated at least roughly by the name of the unit involved: sales, accounting, undersecretary for African affairs, and so forth.
A taste of technology

Assisted Fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in Mammalsedited by Don P. Wolf and Mary Zelinsli-Wooten. Humana, 2001. US$145.00 (ix + 305 pages) ISBN 0896036634This book provides an overview of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in animals and humans. There is a substantial amount of excellent information and the book has considerable breadth, covering many different areas of ART in mammals.Genuine pioneers in the field, Bob Foote and Ben Brackett, provide the first two chapters. They do an excellent job of reviewing many historical aspects of ART and provide a good introduction of what is to come. Subsequent chapters include more detailed information on oocyte growth and maturation, both in vivo and invitro, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo culture, embryo cryopreservation, embryo transfer, imaging technology and information on general laboratory practices. The final five chapters contain information about nuclear transfer in the cloning of mammals.The title of this review, ‘A taste of technology’, is based on my overall reaction to this book. Readers are provided with a pretty good taste of many aspects and areas involving the development and application of assisted reproduction in mammals, but only a taste, and most will probably leave hungry. The majority of the information seems heavily weighted towards the human experience. Also, although there is some advantage to having a broad overview, lack of focus can also be a curse. There is considerable variation in writing style and subject matter, covering topics that range from detailed scientific information involving phosphorylation during oocyte growth and maturation, to the regulation (or lack thereof) of human fertility clinics. Many readers will probably skip over several chapters just to read the few that interest them. Those interested in the section on nuclear transfer might well be left wanting, because the relevant chapters only begin to touch on the enormous amount of information that is now available on this subject.My strongest criticism is one that is common for many books. There is a general lack of anything novel, and the great majority of the references are at least three years old. In the subject area of Assisted Fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in Mammals, this problem is particularly significant because of the extremely rapid pace of research, in particular in nuclear transplantation. Unfortunately, information contained in books such as this one is unlike a single malt scotch. It does not improve with age.
Preparation of Na,K-ATPase specifically modified on the anti-fluorescein antibody-inaccessible site by fluorescein 5'-isothiocyanate.

Specific labeling is required for energy transfer measurements and to avoid artifacts in the use of fluorophores as reporter groups. Therefore, a method for specific modification by one of the most popular reagents for P-type ATPases (fluorescein 5′-isothiocyanate) has been developed. Sulfhydryl reagents protected against modification of cysteine residues, and treatment with dithiothreitol eliminated a slow doubling of the fluorescence of conventionally modified Na,K-ATPase upon dilution that is attributed to disappearance of self-energy transfer. Removal of nonspecifically bound fluorescein was also confirmed by titration of the modified Na,K-ATPase with anti-fluorescein antibody and by time resolution of the fluorescence change when the modified enzyme was mixed with Na+ in a stopped-flow instrument. The only fluorescence change when specifically modified Na,K-ATPase was mixed with Na+ was the signal from fluorescein at the antibody-inaccessible, substrate-protectable site that reports the conformational change in unphosphorylated enzyme. The magnitude of the fluorescence change reporting the conformational change increased from between 8 and 12% to between 25 and 30% without affecting the kinetic constants estimated from titrations with Na+ and K+. The method should be generally applicable to the preparation of specifically labeled P-type pumps for use in kinetic and equilibrium titrations or energy transfer measurements.
Computed structures of point deletion mutants and their enzymatic activities

Point deletions in enzymes can vary in effect from negligible to complete loss of activity, however, these effects are not generally predictable. Deletions are widely observed in nature and often result in diseases such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, or osteogenesis imperfecta. Here, we have developed an algorithm to model the perturbed structures of deletion mutants with the ultimate goal of predicting their activities. The algorithm works by deleting the specified residue from the wild-type structure, creating a gap that is closed using a combination of local and global moves that change the backbone torsion angles of the protein structure. On a set of five proteins for which both wild-type and deletion mutant x-ray crystal structures are available, the algorithm produces deep, narrow energy funnels within 1.5 A of the crystal structure for the deletion mutants. To assess the ability of our algorithm to predict activity from the predicted structures, we tested the correlation of experimental activity with several measures of the predicted structure ensemble using a set of 45 point deletions from ricin. Estimates incorporating likely prevalence of active and inactive deletion sites suggest that activity can be predicted correctly over 60% of the time from the active site rmsd of the lowest energy predicted structures. The predictions are stronger than simple sequence organization measures, but more fundamental work is required in structure prediction and enzyme activity determination to allow consistent prediction of activity.
Structural and Biochemical Characterization of a Ferredoxin:Thioredoxin Reductase-like Enzyme from Methanosarcina acetivorans

Bioinformatics analyses predict the distribution in nature of several classes of diverse disulfide reductases that evolved from an ancestral plant-type ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase (FTR) catalytic subunit to meet a variety of ecological needs. Methanosarcina acetivorans is a methane-producing species from the domain Archaea predicted to encode an FTR-like enzyme with two domains, one resembling the FTR catalytic subunit and the other containing a rubredoxin-like domain replacing the variable subunit of present-day FTR enzymes. M. acetivorans is of special interest as it was recently proposed to have evolved at the time of the end-Permian extinction and to be largely responsible for the most severe biotic crisis in the fossil record by converting acetate to methane. The crystal structure and biochemical characteristics were determined for the FTR-like enzyme from M. acetivorans, here named FDR (ferredoxin disulfide reductase). The results support a role for the rubredoxin-like center of FDR in transfer...
Global methane emission through mud volcanoes and its past and present impact on the Earth's climate

Mud volcanism is an abundant, global phenomenon whereby fluid-rich, low-density sediments extrude both on land and offshore. Methane, which generally exceeds 90 vol% of the gas phase, is emitted at high rates during and after emplacement of the mud domes and is known for its high global warming potential (GWP). This comprehensive estimate of the annual contribution of mud volcano degassing assesses the significance of mud volcanism for the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. A first-order estimate for the earlier, pre-anthropogenic volume of methane released through mud volcanoes further supports their profound effect on the Earth's climate since at least the Paleozoic (570 Ma).
Further insights into the influence of L-cysteine on the oxidation chemistry of dopamine: reaction pathways of potential relevance to Parkinson's disease

The initial step in the genesis of neuromelanin, a black polymeric pigment normally found in the cytoplasm of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra (SN), is the autoxidation of dopamine (DA) to DA-o-quninone (1). In this investigation, it is demonstrated that in the presence of l-cysteine (CySH) o-quinone 1 is scavenged to give 5-S-cysteinyldopamine (5-S-CyS-DA, major product) and 2-S-cysteinyldopamine (2-S-CyS-DA, minor product). These cysteinyl conjugates are more easily oxidized than DA. The relative yields of the resulting products are dependent on the concentration of free CySH. These products include 2,5-bi-S-cysteinyldopamine (2,5-bi-S-CyS-DA) and 2,5,6-tri-S-cysteinyldopamine (2,5,6-tri-S-CyS-DA), 7-(2-aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid (DHBT-1), 8-(2-aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid (DHBT-5), and a number of cysteinyl conjugates of these dihydrobenzothiazines (DHBTs). 2,5-Bi-S-CyS-DA, DHBT-1, the 6-S-cysteiny...
Measuring Compassion Fatigue

This manuscript provides practitioners a gateway into understanding assessment instruments for compassion fatigue. We first describe and then evaluate the leading assessments of compassion fatigue in terms of their reliability and their validity. Although different instruments have different foci, each described instrument measures at least one component of compassion fatigue. The final section discusses three factors in selecting a compassion fatigue measure: the assessment domain or aspect of compassion fatigue to be measured; simultaneous measurement, and; timeframe of what is being measured. Finally, we caution about interpreting scores since the measures were developed as screening devices.
Representation theorems in the mechanics of materials with memory

Es wird gezeigt, wie das Stone-Weierstrass'sche Theorem zur Aufstellung von Stoffgleichungen von Materialien mit Gedachtnis benutzt werden kann, wenn diese im Bezugszustand gewisse Symmetrien aufweisen.
Effects of differential removal from group on social development of Rhesus monkeys.

SUMMARY Rhesus monkey infants were reared with surrogates in groups of four for the first 4 months of life, then were individually removed from their group for 28 days during the succeeding 6-month period. Members of two groups were placed in vertical chambers during their period of group separation, while members of a third group were housed in single cages during their time of separation. A control group of four monkeys remained intact throughout the study. Results indicated that following removal from group, subjects showed lower levels of locomotion and play and higher levels of clinging and self-clasping than nonseparated controls. Differences from controls were exaggerated in the monkeys confined in vertical chambers during separation. All separation groups were socially inferior to the control group by the end of the study. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Multiple shoot formation from cotyledonary node segments of Eastern redbud

A procedure for multiple shoot formation from cotyledonary node explants of Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.) cultured on DKW medium containing benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ) was developed. Explants on medium with TDZ in combination with BA produced higher numbers of shoots than with either cytokinin alone. The highest number of shoots (7.8 to 9.8 shoots per explant) was obtained when explants from 4 to 10 day-old seedlings were treated with a combination of 10 or 15 µM BA and 0.5 or 1.0 µM TDZ for 20 days before being transferred to the same medium without TDZ. The number of shoots formed was increased from 5.8 to 7.2 shoots per explant by cutting through the cotyledonary node prior to culture. Histological studies indicated that the shoots were formed from actively dividing cells located at the axillary bud region. Shoots formed roots in half strength woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 10 to 200 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) cultured for 15 days prior to transfer to greenhouse medium.
On conformal field theories with extremal \( \frac{a}{c} \) values

Unitary conformal field theories (CFTs) are believed to have positive (non-negative) energy correlators. Energy correlators are universal observables in higher-dimensional CFTs built out of integrated Wightman functions of the stress-energy tensor. We analyze energy correlators in parity invariant four-dimensional CFTs. The goal is to use the positivity of energy correlators to further constrain unitary CFTs. It is known that the positivity of the simplest one-point energy correlator implies that $ \frac{1}{3}\leq \frac{a}{c}\leq \frac{31 }{18 } $ where a and c are the Weyl anomaly coefficients. We use the positivity of higher point energy correlators to show that CFTs with extremal values of $ \frac{a}{c} $ have trivial scattering observables. More precisely, for $ \frac{a}{c}=\frac{1}{3} $ and $ \frac{a}{c}=\frac{31 }{18 } $ all energy correlators are fixed to be the ones of the free boson and the free vector theory correspondingly. Similarly, we show that the positivity and finiteness of energy correlators together imply that the three-point function of the stress tensor in a CFT cannot be proportional to the one in the theory of free boson, free fermion or free vector field.
Differences in Gamma Frequencies across Visual Cortex Restrict Their Possible Use in Computation

Neuronal oscillations in the gamma band (30-80 Hz) have been suggested to play a central role in feature binding or establishing channels for neural communication. For these functions, the gamma rhythm frequency must be consistent across neural assemblies encoding the features of a stimulus. Here we test the dependence of gamma frequency on stimulus contrast in V1 cortex of awake behaving macaques and show that gamma frequency increases monotonically with contrast. Changes in stimulus contrast over time leads to a reliable gamma frequency modulation on a fast timescale. Further, large stimuli whose contrast varies across space generate gamma rhythms at significantly different frequencies in simultaneously recorded neuronal assemblies separated by as little as 400 microm, making the gamma rhythm a poor candidate for binding or communication, at least in V1. Instead, our results suggest that the gamma rhythm arises from local interactions between excitation and inhibition.
Examination of inconsistencies between the deformed potential model and folding models for analysis of inelastic hadron scattering

It is customary to extract deformation lengths from inelastic scattering data by using a deformed optical potential. It is then assumed that this deformation length also characterizes the deformation of the underlying density distribution of the excited nucleus. This equivalence is exact for a dipole deformation, but this corresponds simply to a spurious excitation mode, namely a shift of the center of mass of the system. We show that, even when the potential is obtained by folding an effective interaction over the density distribution, the deformed potential model is not exact for other multipoles, except in the limit that the interaction has a zero range. The errors made when the interaction has a realistic finite range can be large.
The Effect of Overexciting Transformers on System Voltage Wave Shapes and Power Factor

It is well known that the voltage and current wave shapes of transmission and distribution circuits are distorted more or less from a true fundamental-frequency sinusoid. Several years ago extensive tests were conducted, measuring the wave shapes for different types and voltages of circuits.1 There were however no definite conclusions drawn concerning the origin or improvement of these wave distortions.
Janeway lesions and Osier's nodes: A review of histopathologic findings

Abstract The histologic findings in Osier's nodes and Janeway lesions have been reported rarely; we found descriptions of only 10 such cases, mostly from the late nineteenth- and twentieth-century French literature. We found gram-positive coccobacilli in the dermal abscess of a Janeway lesion from a patient with bacterial endocarditis. This finding suggests that septic mi-croemboli are the cause.
In situ antigen localization with fluorescamine-conjugated antibodies: a new method.

Abstract A simple and rapid procedure for the preparation of fluorescent antibodies with fluorescamine is described. The major advantage of the method is that labeled antibody requires no further purification following conjugation. The utility of the method is illustrated by fluorescent staining of virus-specific cytoplasmic and nuclear antigens, those of vesicular stomatitis virus and adenovirus, respectively. The intensity of fluorescence permits short photographic exposure times, and the stained preparations have retained their fluorescence for more than 9 months.
Incidental Guyon's canal release during attempted endoscopic carpal tunnel release: an anatomical study and report of two cases

Two patients were found to have a partial release of Guyon's canal after attempted endoscopic carpal tunnel release. This resulted in significant morbidity from ulnar nerve injury and required open neurolysis of the ulnar nerve and carpal tunnel release. In order to determine how this error could be made, we performed an endoscopic carpal tunnel release on two cadaveric specimens with subsequent dissection, and found that Guyon's canal could be entered with relative ease through the standard portals. If, however, one is aware of this potential complication, uses the ulnar bursa overlying the flexor tendons as a guide, and makes a positive identification of the transverse fibers of the transverse carpal ligament, this mistake can be avoided.
Local delivery of interleukin-2 and adriamycin is synergistic in the treatment of experimental malignant glioma.

Introduction: Local delivery of adriamycin (ADR) via biodegradable polymers has been shown to improve survival in rats challenged intracranially with 9L gliosarcoma. Likewise, local delivery of interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been shown to extend survival in experimental brain tumor models. In the current study, we hypothesized that local delivery of ADR and IL-2 might act synergistically against experimental intracranial glioma. Methods: Polyanhydride polymers (PCPP-SA) containing 5% ADR by weight were prepared using the mix-melt method. IL-2 polymer microspheres (IL-2 MS) were produced via the complex coacervation of gelatin and chondroitin sulfate in the presence of IL-2. Sixty male Fisher 344 rats received an intracranial challenge with a lethal dose of 9L gliosarcoma cells. In addition, a group of rats were injected with either IL-2 MS or empty microspheres. Five days later they received ADR or blank polymer. There were a total of four treatment groups: (1) empty microspheres, blank polymer; (2) empty microspheres, ADR polymer; (3) IL-2 MS, blank polymer; and (4) IL-2 MS, ADR polymer. Results: Compared to control animals treated with empty microspheres and blank polymer, animals receiving empty microspheres and ADR polymer (P < 0.0004), IL-2 MS and blank polymer (P < 0.0005), and IL-2 MS combined with ADR polymer (P < 0.0000002) all showed statistically significant improvement in survival. In addition, animals receiving the IL-2/ADR combination had significantly extended survival compared to either ADR or IL-2 alone (P < 0.000003 and P < 0.0004, respectively). Conclusions: Both ADR and IL-2, when delivered locally, are effective monotherapeutic agents against experimental intracranial gliosarcoma. The combination ADR and IL-2 therapy is more effective than either agent alone.
Instruction: Classroom lecture/discussion vs. Live televised instruction: A comparison of effects on student performance, attitude, and interaction

(1989). Instruction: Classroom lecture/discussion vs. Live televised instruction: A comparison of effects on student performance, attitude, and interaction. American Journal of Distance Education: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 36-45.
Advancement flap for the reconstruction of nasal ala and lateral nasal tip defects

Repair of nasal ala and lateral nasal tip defects provide unique reconstructive challenges. This article describes a one-staged advancement flap for repair of such defects. The flap may be medially-based, laterally-based, or bilaterally-based. Sharp undermining is recommended, and a standing cone must be removed superior to the defect, perpendicular to the alar rim. Temporary alar rim flattening is accepted, and normalizes with time. This reconstruction has provided excellent functional and cosmetic results for defects measuring <1 cm in diameter on the nasal ala and lateral nasal tip.
Use of intelligent search methods in performing sensitivity analysis of power system reliability indices

This work introduces a technique to reduce the search space in evaluating the sensitivity of the well known reliability indices of power systems with respect to component parameters and system operating limits. In performing the sensitivity analysis, the computation time burden is of concern. A heuristic technique based on maximum capacity flow of the transmission lines was used in truncating the state space by identifying the definite failure subspace. Minimum generation vector technique was utilized to prune the definite success subspace. The failure states in the unclassified subspace were discovered using binary Particle Swarm Optimization, PSO, technique. From the definite failure subspace and the failure states that are discovered by the binary PSO, the sensitivity of the reliability indices were calculated. This method was applied on the IEEE RTS and it gave promising results.
Changes in adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate induced by parathyroid hormone and theophylline in the developing rat renal cortex☆

Abstract To test the biochemical responsiveness of developing rat renal cortex to parathyroid hormone (PTH), intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were measured. Renal cortical slices from 10-day-, 20-day-, and 12-week-old animals contained higher concentrations of cyclic AMP when incubated in the presence of theophylline than in its absence. In the absence of theophylline, tissue from all three age groups responded to PTH with dose-dependent increases in cyclic AMP. In the presence of theophylline the response of tissue from 10-day-old animals was greater than that of 12-week-old animals. It is suggested that the differential effect of theophylline with respect to age may be the result of higher turnover rates of cyclic AMP in the young animals.
Modeling the effect of technology on the quality and load bearing capacity of products made of composite materials

S. Parhizgar, L. M. Zachary, and S. T. Sun, "Application of the principles of linear fracture mechanics to the composite materials," Int. J. Fract., 20, No. i, 3-15 (1982). S. G. Lekhnitskii, Anisotropic Sheets [in RussianL Moscow (1957). S. G. Lekhnitskii, Elasticity Theory of AnisQtropic Solids [in Russian], Moscow (1977). V. I. Baryshnikov, V. I. Grishin, V. Yu. Donchenko, and Yu. V. Tikhonov, "Using the finite element method for examining the local strength of elements of aviation structures," Uch. Zap. Tsentr. Aerogidrodinam. Inst., 14, No. i, 66-73 (1983). D. P. Rooke, F. I. Baratta, and D. J. Cartwright, "Simple methods Of determining stress intensity factors," Eng. Fract. Mech., 14, 397-426 (1981). O~ S. Sirotkin, G. Po Zaitsev, K. V. Kaikov, and V. B. Litvinov, "Contact interaction of a hinged metal--composite joint," Mekh. Kompozito Mater., No. 2, 285-292 (1986). V. P. Netrebko and I. P. Vasil'chenko, "Polarization--interference methods of examining stresses in anisotropic solids," in: Proceedings of Eighth All-Union Conference on the Photoelasticity Method [in Russian], Vol. 3, Tallin (1979), pp. 260-272. R. Prabhakaran, "Photoorthotropic elasticity: a new technique for stress analysis of composites," Opt. Eng., 21, No. 4, 679-688 (1982). J. W. Dally, R. J. Sanford, "Classification of stress intensity factors from isochromaticfringe patterns," Exper. Mech., No. 12, 441-448 (1978).
Exogenic processes and the origin of the sialic crust

Large scale segregation of sialic crust from mantle material may have taken place by magmatic differentiation, partial melting or by exogenic processes. Weathering is a little considered, but verifiable process by which free silica can be generated in quantity from mafic material. In proto-Archean time acid ocean water must have been highly reactive. Even submarine weathering by such acid water could lead to large scale generation of free silica. Evidence from soil formation supports this view. Recrystallization of weathering products would take place by anatexis in the course of relatively intense recycling processes in pre-Archean and early Archean times. Much Fe and Mg in shales and carbonates would segregate downward as mafic xenoliths. The sialic fraction would be returned to shallow crustal levels by diapiric ascent and upward melting.
Assessing quality in graduate programs: An internal quality indicator

Many approaches are used to measure quality in graduate education. In this study, the literature related to four approaches is reviewed: the reputational approach, the productivity approach, the correlational approach, and the multidimensional approach. This investigation examined one quality indicator that can be incorporated into the multidimensional approach. In this paper, we describe and analyze faculty judgments of doctoral examinations in the Graduate School at The Ohio State University. Graduate School representatives judge doctoral examinations and report their judgments to the dean of the Graduate School. The judgments are tabulated and presented as quantitative and qualitative indicators of quality. How these judgments are converted to useful data and illustrations of how these data are used and presented are discussed.
Single-walled carbon nanotube behavior in representative mature leachate

Abstract Escalating production and subsequent incorporation of engineered nanomaterials in consumer products increases the likelihood of nanomaterials being discarded in landfills. Although direct measurement of particle disposal has not yet occurred, life cycle assessments suggest that over 50% of nanomaterials produced will eventually reside in landfills. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate how organics (humic acid: 20–800 mg/L), ionic strength (100–400 mM NaCl), and pH (6–8) typical of mature leachates influence carbon nanotube surface charge, relative stability, and mobility through representative solid waste environments. Results from the batch experiments suggest that the presence of high molecular weight organics, such as humic acid, acts to stabilize carbon nanotubes present in leachate, even at high ionic strengths (>100 mM NaCl). These results also suggest that in mature landfill leachate, as long as humic acid is present, ionic strength (when represented as NaCl) will be a dominant factor influencing nanomaterial stability. Column experiment results indicate the carbon nanotubes may be mobile through solid waste, suggesting particle placement within landfills needs to be examined more closely.
Task-to-Task Vagal Regulation: Relations With Language and Play in 20-Month-Old Children

In this article we report patterns of task-to-task vagal tone change across multiple language and play tasks as well as associations between these patterns of task-to-task vagal tone change and language and play performance in 20-month-old girls and boys. Although initially different in vagal tone suppression during solitary play, girls and boys exhibited similar group patterns of vagal reengagement during successive language and play tasks with their mothers and with an experimenter. In terms of individual differences, vagal suppression during solitary play and vagal reengagement during social interactive tasks predicted language and play performance. Gender differences emerged in patterns of predictive relations: Task-to-task vagal changes predicted primarily play performance in girls and language performance in boys. These findings expose the effects of social context on directional changes in task-to-task vagal tone and speak to the functional role of appropriate vagal regulation in young children's language and play performance.
Efficient hosted interpreters on the JVM

Many guest languages are implemented using the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) as a host environment. There are two major implementation choices: custom compilers and so-called hosted interpreters. Custom compilers are complex to build but offer good performance. Hosted interpreters are comparatively simpler to implement but until now have suffered from poor performance.We studied the performance of hosted interpreters and identified common bottlenecks preventing their efficient execution. First, similar to interpreters written in C/Cpp, instruction dispatch is expensive on the JVM. Second, Java’s semantics require expensive runtime exception checks that negatively affect array performance essential to interpreters.We present two optimizations targeting these bottlenecks and show that the performance of optimized interpreters increases dramatically: we report speedups by a factor of up to 2.45 over the Jython interpreter, 3.57 over the Rhino interpreter, and 2.52 over the JRuby interpreter, respectively. The resulting performance is comparable with that of custom compilers. Our optimizations are enabled by a few simple annotations that require only modest implementation effort; in return, performance increases substantially.
Yizkor Books as Holocaust Grey Literature

Les collections de livres Yizkor (livres de memoire rappelant les noms des defunts dans la culture juive), largement dispersees dans le monde, interessent des publics divers. Leur numerisation et leur mise en acces libre representent une etape importante dans l'avancement des recherches sur l'Holocauste et la perpetuation de la memoire. Ils possedent de nombreuses caracteristiques communes avec la litterature dite grise.
HIF1α Protein Stability Is Increased by Acetylation at Lysine 709

Lysine acetylation regulates protein stability and function. p300 is a component of the HIF-1 transcriptional complex and positively regulates the transactivation of HIF-1. Here, we show a novel molecular mechanism by which p300 facilitates HIF-1 activity. p300 increases HIF-1α (HIF1α) protein acetylation and stability. The regulation can be opposed by HDAC1, but not by HDAC3, and is abrogated by disrupting HIF1α-p300 interaction. Mechanistically, p300 specifically acetylates HIF1α at Lys-709, which increases the protein stability and decreases polyubiquitination in both normoxia and hypoxia. Compared with the wild-type protein, a HIF1α K709A mutant protein is more stable, less polyubiquitinated, and less dependent on p300. Overexpression of the HIF1α wild-type or K709A mutant in cancer cells lacking the endogenous HIF1α shows that the K709A mutant is transcriptionally more active toward the HIF-1 reporter and some endogenous target genes. Cancer cells containing the K709A mutant are less sensitive to hypoxia-induced growth arrest than the cells containing the HIF1α wild-type. Taken together, these data demonstrate a novel biological consequence upon HIF1α-p300 interaction, in which HIF1α can be stabilized by p300 via Lys-709 acetylation.
Stability of Peptide-Condensed Plasmid DNA Formulations

Low molecular weight homogeneous peptides were used to form peptide/DNA condensates. A peptide possessing 18 lysines was found to protect plasmid DNA from serum endonuclease and sonicative-induced degradation whereas a shorter peptide possessing 8 lysines dissociated in 0.1 M sodium chloride and failed to protect DNA from enzymatic degradation. Peptide-condensed DNA showed no change in the ratio of supercoiled to circular DNA following 100 W sonication for up to 60 s and was able to transfect HepG2 cells with equivalent efficiency as untreated condensed plasmid DNA. Alternatively, uncondensed plasmid DNA was rapidly fragmented by sonication and serum endonucleases and resulted in negligible gene expression following condensation with peptide. Cationic lipid/DNA complexes were only partially effective at stabilizing DNA in serum compared to the complete stabilization afforded by peptide/DNA condensation. These results indicate that the stabilization afforded by condensation with a peptide protects DNA during formulation and preserves its structure in serum. These functions are important to achieve optimal gene expression from a nonviral gene delivery system.
Physics-based modeling for partial slip behavior of spherical contacts

A physics-based modeling approach for partial slip behavior of a spherical contact is proposed. In this approach, elastic and elastic–plastic normal preload and preload-dependent friction coefficient models are integrated into the Cattaneo–Mindlin partial slip solution. Partial slip responses to cyclic tangential loading (fretting loops) obtained by this approach are favorably compared with experiments and finite element results from the literature. In addition to load-deformation curves, tangential stiffness of the contact and energy dissipation per fretting cycle predictions of the models are also provided. Finally, the critical assumptions of elastically similar bodies, smooth contact surface and negligible adhesion, and limitations of this physics-based modeling approach are discussed.
Position Error Correction for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Inertial Navigation System (INS) Using a Particle Filter

This paper presents comprehensive testing and analysis of a particle filter (PF) framework for real-time terrain navigation on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The goal is to obtain georeferenced localization for an AUV navigation system using reference bathymetry maps and bathymetric measurements in lieu of Global Positioning System (GPS) updates or acoustic localization methods such as long baseline (LBL). The algorithms are tested using navigation and sensor data collected during a long-distance run of the midsize autonomous reconfigurable vehicle (MARV) AUV, during which the Inertial Navigation System (INS) accumulated significant horizontal position error (>;100 m). Run data sets over areas of both high and low bathymetric relief are used to compare performance with different altitude sensors, including multibeam and single-beam sonar, and four-beam Doppler velocity logger (DVL) sonar. A comparison of established techniques for dealing with tide levels is also presented. The technique of adding a third dimension to the PF state vector to compensate for changing water levels allowed the estimator to work consistently in areas of low bathymetric relief, where relative terrain profiling methods broke down and even slight errors in tide prediction models otherwise caused significant position errors. The effects of decreased vertical resolution and accuracy of the reference map is also investigated. To address problems of insufficient sample size, a novel PF resampling technique is presented in which jittering noise added to duplicate samples is scaled based on the particle cloud volume. This technique allows the PF to consistently recover a position fix over a search area of several kilometers without needing to significantly increase the number of particles used.
Congenital bronchobiliary fistula in association with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A case of congenital bronchobiliary fistula is reported in conjunction with another congenital anomaly, right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The liver was herniated through the diaphragmatic defect into the right chest where a fistula tract was identified from the surface of the liver to the right mainstem bronchus. The patient was treated successfully.