cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution of stress patterns in the human zygomatic arch and bone

A three-dimensional photoelastic model was reproduced from a human skull. The insertions of the superficial and deep portions of the masseter muscle and the temporalis fascia were simulated with leather bonded to the appropriate areas. The following loading conditions were employed: (1) bilateral loading of the masseter muscle; and (2) bilateral loading of the masseter muscle together with a bilateral occlusal load. Ther stress freezing technique was used to lock the resulting stress patterns into the model skull. The stress trajectories were observed and photographed in a circular polariscope. The results suggest that the major stress trajectories to the zygomatic bone and arch follow an alveolo-maxillary-zygomatic-temporal direction. Stresses were highly concentrated in the zygomatic process of the temporal bone. Generally, the stresses were concentrated in those areas of the bone where architectural reinforcement had been demonstrated by other methods.
Reopening of macular holes after initially successful repair.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the frequency and prognosis of reopening of a macular hole after initially successful repair in a defined patient cohort. Design Retrospective consecutive noncomparative case series. Participants Seventeen cases of reopened macular holes among 390 cases of idiopathic macular holes that previously had undergone macular hole surgery were studied. Main outcome measures Assessment of demographics, visual acuity, preoperatively, postoperatively, after reopening of macular hole and after reoperation, if applicable, and precipitating factors. Results There were 17 (4.8%) of 353 cases in which the macular hole reopened after initial successful surgical closure. The mean visual acuity before reopening was 20/48 and was 20/133 after reopening. Twelve eyes underwent reoperation with improvement to a mean visual acuity of 20/54. The five eyes that were not reoperated on maintained a mean visual acuity of 20/200. Ten of the eyes had undergone cataract surgery between macular hole surgeries, but in only one did the reopening appear to occur in association with this procedure. Conclusions Reopening of a previously successfully operated macular hole is uncommon and seems to be a spontaneous event. Reoperation generally yields results similar to those present before the reopening. Reopening of a macular hole associated with cataract surgery is rare.
Comprehensive microRNA analysis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis identifies multiple sites of molecular regulation

The molecular mechanisms of lung injury and fibrosis are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial biological regulators that act by suppressing their target genes and are involved in...
Concurrent discoveries of the value of vaginal smears for diagnosis of uterine cancer.

The history of clinical cytology is analyzed in light of the dependence of discoveries upon their cultural environment and past contributions. Simultaneous reports of George N. Papanicolaou and Aurel Babes and their respective originality are compared. Although glorified for saving countless women from death due to uterine cancer, Papanicolaou tried in vain to convey to his peers the importance of a distinct cellular pattern corresponding to cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions. The value of this pattern expressing evolutionary steps in the development of cancer at individual cell levels was not appreciated. His terminology was ignored and replaced by histologic diagnoses already familiar to pathologists as well as clinicians. Papanicolaou was the first to describe this pattern, whereas malignant cells in vaginal smears were recognized and used for cancer diagnosis by others before Papanicolaou's work. It is therefore no wonder that the Nobel Prize Committee was at a loss to identify what he discovered. Diagn Cytopathol 1985;1:245–8.
Network localization for distributed transmit beam forming with mobile radios

This paper describes open-loop and reference-aided methods to localize and synchronize a network of mobile radios to perform distributed transmit beamforming. To steer beams to a desired location, the radios must (a) synchronize their independent clocks, (b) estimate their positions relative to each other, and (c) estimate the relative angular orientation of their constellation to the steering direction. To estimate (a) and (b), messages containing transmission and reception time stamps are transmitted between the beamforming radios in a round-robin fashion. Inter-radio ranges and clock offsets are estimated from these measurements. To estimate (c), we can use GPS measurements alone to direct the beam to a known location (open-loop operation), or we can use GPS and transmissions from the intended recipient at a known location to aid beam-steering (reference-aided operation). In both cases, a Kalman filter is used to blend the measurements and propagate the node states through the beamforming process.
Activation of p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase by ORF45 of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Its Role in Viral Lytic Replication

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is essential for infection by a variety of viruses. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSKs) are direct substrates of ERK and functional mediators of ERK MAPK signaling, but their roles in viral infection have never been examined. We demonstrate that ORF45 of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) interacts with RSK1 and RSK2 and strongly stimulates their kinase activities. The activation of RSK by ORF45 is correlated with ERK activation but does not require MEK. We further demonstrate that RSK1/RSK2 is activated during KSHV primary infection and reactivation from latency; a subset of RSK1/RSK2 is present in the viral replication compartment in the nucleus. Depletion of RSK1/RSK2 by small interfering RNA or the specific inhibitor BI-D1870 suppresses KSHV lytic gene expression and progeny virion production, suggesting an essential role of RSK1/RSK2 in KSHV lytic replication.
Steroid hormone target cells in the extrahypothalamic brain stem and cervical spinal cord: Neuroendocrine significance

Abstract Maps of selected cross sections of rat midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum and spinal cord are presented showing the distribution of target neurons with nuclear concentration of radioactivity as obtained in thaw-mount autoradiograms after injection of [ 3 H]-oestradiol, [ 3 H]-dihydrotestosterone or [ 3 H]-corticosterone. The results indicate a wide distribution of steroid hormone receptors in the midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord and suggest an important activational role of steroid hormones on extrahypothalamic neuroendocrine, autonomic, sensory and motor systems.
Studies on shell formation. VII. The submicroscopic structure of the shell of the oyster Crassostrea virginica

The submicroscopic structure of the growing surface of the shell of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, was studied by means of shadowed replicas. The outer edge of the prismatic region consists of a fine grained matrix enclosing crystals, the surfaces of which show a finely pebbled structure. Crystal size varies continously from 0.01 µ to 8 µ. The matrix surface shows no evidence of fibrous structure. The outer portions of the prismatic region exhibit a tile-like arrangement of large crystals separated by granular matrix 0.02 to 0.08 µ in thickness. The exposed crystal surfaces have indentations of varying form which appear as roughly parallel grooves spaced at intervals of approximately 0.3 µ. The final form of this region is believed to result from the random distribution of crystal seeds, which grow without orientation and through coalescence and growth come into contact, producing polygonal areas. The crystal arrangement of the nacreous region is one of overlapping rows of crystals in side to side contact, and with one end of each crystal free, permitting continued increase in length. Crystal angles and plane indices are presented.
Nodules in the Pouch of Douglas.

Apregnantwoman in her 30s in the first trimesterwas evaluated for incidentally detected anemia. At colonoscopy, she was found to have a 3 × 4-cm ulceroproliferative lesion in the rectum7 cm from the anal verge. A biopsy specimenwas reported asmoderately differentiatedadenocarcinoma.Noother lesionwasfoundintherestofcolon.Thepregnancywasmedically terminated. Further evaluation showed that the disease was limited to the rectal wall, withnonodal involvement, andtherewasno livermetastasis.Hercarcinoembryonicantigen level was 4.3 ng/mL (to convert to micrograms per liter, multiply by 1.0). A definitive resectionwasplanned.On laparotomy, no asciteswas observed.However, the pelvic peritoneum in the pouch of Douglas showed dark brown-black nodules (Figure, A). The rest of the peritoneal cavity was normal. The rectal growthwasmobile andwas palpable below the peritoneal reflection.Thenodulewasbiopsied,andthespecimenwassent for frozensectionanalysis. The histopathological findings are shown in Figure, B. Benign endometrial glands B Pouch of Douglas A
Epigenetic age of the pre-frontal cortex is associated with neuritic plaques, amyloid load, and Alzheimer’s disease related cognitive functioning

There is an urgent need to develop molecular biomarkers of brain age in order to advance our understanding of age related neurodegeneration. Recently, we developed a highly accurate epigenetic biomarker of tissue age (known as epigenetic clock) which is based on DNA methylation levels. Here we use n=700 dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples from Caucasian subjects of the Religious Order Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project to examine the association between epigenetic age and Alzheimer's disease (AD) related cognitive decline, and AD related neuropathological markers. Epigenetic age acceleration of DLPFC is correlated with several neuropathological measurements including diffuse plaques (r=0.12, p=0.0015), neuritic plaques (r=0.11, p=0.0036), and amyloid load (r=0.091, p=0.016). Further, it is associated with a decline in global cognitive functioning (β=-0.500, p=0.009), episodic memory (β=-0.411, p=0.009) and working memory (β=-0.405, p=0.011) among individuals with AD. The neuropathological markers may mediate the association between epigenetic age and cognitive decline. Genetic complex trait analysis (GCTA) revealed that epigenetic age acceleration is heritable (h2=0.41) and has significant genetic correlations with diffuse plaques (r=0.24, p=0.010) and possibly working memory (r=-0.35, p=0.065). Overall, these results suggest that the epigenetic clock may lend itself as a molecular biomarker of brain age.
Teaching for Intellectual and Emotional Learning (TIEL): Bringing Thinking and Moral-Ethical Learning into Classrooms

Teaching in ways that promote the moral development of students is a daunting task for teachers in gifted programs and in general education classrooms. While time and curriculum requirements are often a factor, teacher preparation programs do not adequately prepare teachers to address the moral-ethical aspects of learning. Additionally, the voluminous terminology that refers to moral development can be confusing. Often overlooked is the relationship between the intellect and the moral aspect of learning for gifted students. When intellectual needs are not addressed in school, moral development can suffer. The TIEL Curriculum Design Wheel brings these important intellectual and emotional components together forming a framework that guides teachers in developing curriculum that includes the teaching of thinking processes as well as social emotional learning.
Outcomes of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles for Complete Teratozoospermia: A Case-Control Study Using Paired Sibling Oocytes.

Objective. To investigate the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles where sibling oocytes from a single donor were split between two recipients based on strict sperm morphology. Methods. Retrospective cohort study. All ICSI cycles had one donor’s oocytes split between two recipients in a 1 : 1 ratio based on strict sperm morphology, that is, one male partner had morphology of 0% and the other had morphology of >1%. Fertilization, positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth rates of the aforementioned groups were compared. Results. The baseline characteristics of the two groups ( ), including semen parameters of the male partners, were comparable. There was no difference in the fertilization rates when comparing the 0% group to the >1% group (78.7% versus 81.6%; ). The overall positive hCG, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth rates for the 0% group were 61.2%, 49.5%, 10.7%, and 38.8%, respectively. The corresponding rates in the >1% group were positive hCG (63.1%), clinical pregnancy (55.3%), spontaneous miscarriage (7.77%), and live birth (46.6%). Conclusions. The fertilization and pregnancy outcomes of ICSI cycles for strict sperm morphology of 0% versus morphology of >1% are equivalent. These results can provide reassurance to couples undergoing ICSI for severe teratospermia.
Stealthy control signal attacks in scalar LQG systems

The problem of false data injection in a scalar LQG system is studied in this work. An attacker compromises the input stream and modifies the control signals transmitted with the objective of increasing the quadratic cost incurred by the controller. The optimal adversarial control signals are characterized for a finite horizon LQG problem under a stealthiness/detectability constraint. The tradeoff between the increase in quadratic cost, and the detectability of data injection, as measured by the K-L divergence between legitimate and falsified data dynamics, is derived analytically. The optimal adversarial control signals are shown to be Gaussian with the sequence of variances derived as a function of system parameters and the desired cost increase.
Mitigation of in vitro hydrogen sulfide production using bismuth subsalicylate with and without monensin in beef feedlot diets

The objective of this study was to determine if a sulfur binder, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), alone or combined with monensin (MON) could decrease the production of HS by rumen microbes. In Exp. 1, two 24-h batch culture incubations were conducted using a substrate consisting of 50% corn, 40% distillers grains, 9.75% hay, and 0.25% mineral premix, on a DM basis. Five treatments including BSS concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% of DM were assigned in 5 replicates to 120-mL serum bottles containing rumen fluid, buffer, and 0.5 g of dietary substrate. Addition of 2% and 4% BSS decreased ( < 0.05) gas production, whereas all concentrations of BSS reduced ( < 0.05) HS production by 18%, 24%, 82%, and 99% for 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% BSS, respectively. Final pH increased ( < 0.05) with 2% and 4% BSS treatments. At 4% of DM, BSS decreased ( < 0.05) total VFA concentration (m) and propionate (mol/100 mol) but increased acetate (mol/100 mol) and acetate to propionate ratio. Concentration of branched-chain VFA increased ( < 0.05) with the addition of 0.5% BSS, compared with the control. On the basis of these results, addition of BSS (1% of DM) and MON (5 mg/kg) were used to assess their effects on metabolism and HS release by rumen microbes in 8 dual flow continuous culture fermenters during two 10-d periods (Exp. 2). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Substrate similar to that used in Exp. 1 was provided at 75 g DM/fermenter daily. Headspace HS concentration was reduced ( < 0.05) by 99% with BSS treatment but was not affected ( = 0.21) by MON. An overall increase ( < 0.05) in fermentation pH was found following addition of BSS. Addition of BSS increased ( < 0.05) digestion of NDF and ADF but decreased ( < 0.05) nonfiber carbohydrate digestion and total VFA concentration. Acetate and propionate (mol/100 mol) increased ( < 0.05) with BSS, whereas butyrate (mol/100 mol) and branched-chain VFA (m) decreased ( < 0.05). Addition of BSS increased ( < 0.05) NH-N concentration and NH-N outflow but decreased ( < 0.05) microbial N outflow. Results from this study showed no response to monensin addition, but BSS markedly reduced HS production and altered microbial fermentation during in vitro rumen fluid incubations.
Yoga as treatment for chronic pain conditions: A literature review

Yoga is a popular modality of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and yet a relatively small body of literature examines the efficacy of yoga in addressing health problems. This review details the existing studies on yoga for chronic health conditions associated with pain in individuals across the lifespan. Overall, there is compelling preliminary evidence about the beneficial aspects of yoga in addressing a variety of pain conditions including osteoarthritis, back pain, headaches, and irritable bowel syndrome. Problematic to the literature as a body is the lack of detail offered by most researchers about the branch of yoga chosen, the specific postures employed, and the qualifications of yoga teachers in these studies. Also of issue is the typically small sample size as well as an absence of theoretical models to inform interventions and assessments. These shortcomings have conceivably impeded greater wide-scale replication and dissemination of yoga programs for health conditions. For people with chronic pain conditions, yoga offers a relatively low-cost and easily accessible CAM intervention and would likely be of public health benefit if studied more rigorously in the future. Copyright © Freund Publishing House Limited.
Changing Research Patterns and Implications for Web Page Design

Abstract Despite major, ongoing changes in the profession and in library school curricula, the basic principles of librarianship can and should always be applied, regardless of medium or situation. However, patrons have changed the ways they prefer to search for and access information. This means that librarians must both update their understanding of these principles and find ways to apply them more proactively. One effective response is to design and market library Web pages as preferred gateways to electronic information and instruction. Librarians can transform Web pages into “one-stop-shopping information portals” for users, providing not only information, but also instruction in how to find and evaluate information. Applying Ranganathan's Five Laws of Library Science to Web page designis a useful way to determine iflibrarians are providing the kind of Web pages their patrons need.
In memoriam: James D. Cooper

James D. Cooper, a member of the Editorial Board of Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, and an internationally recognized structural engineer and leader in the field of bridge engineering, wi...
Semantic Generalization in the Formation of Consumer Attitudes

Both positions are based on the common assumption that purchasers have a tendency to transfer attitudes developed about one product to another product via the brand name. The present study was designed to evaluate that tendency. But before describing the study, let us briefly examine the psychological base of this tendency and formally state the tested hypothesis. The principle of generalization, developed in psychology, holds that people have a tendency to view individual items as being similar, disregarding points of character that would differentiate them. Generalization may occur at either the physical or semantic level. When a person uses physical generalization, he views two or more objects as similar because they possess certain common physical characteristics. When semantic generalization is used, the person views two or more objects as similar because they carry a common meaning, even though the objects themselves may have different physical characteristics.
Professor Longhair's Legacy: A Comparative Perspective on Revendicating Movables

This essay addresses the problem of how an owner of a corporeal movable can recover possession of the movable from another person who detains or possesses it without right. It approaches this age-old problem through the lens of SongByrd, Inc. v. Bearsville Records, Inc., 104 F.3d 773, (5th Cir. 1997) and SongByrd, Inc. v. Estate of Grossman, 206 F.3d 172 (2d Cir. 2000). These two decisions addressed the claims of SongByrd, Inc., the successor in interest of the legendary, New Orleans, rhythm and blues pianist Henry Roeland Byrd, aka Professor Longhair, against the estate of the legendary, rock and roll producer Albert Grossman. SongByrd sought to recover possession of several master tapes made by Byrd and other New Orleans musicians in the early 1970s that later made their way into Grossman’s possession. Without the consent of Byrd or his heirs, Grossman’s estate eventually licensed these master tapes to two record companies. One of these companies eventually released an album that earned Byrd a posthumous Grammy Award. After providing biographical background on Byrd and Grossman and explaining how the master tapes ended up in Grossman’s possession, the essay examines the conceptual and pragmatic differences between Louisiana’s civil law response to SongByrd’s revendicatory action to recover the tapes and New York’s common law approach that framed the merits of the dispute in terms of when SongByrd’s claims for replevin and conversion began to accrue. In essence, the two SongByrd decisions illustrate the difference between a civil law acquisitive or positive prescription approach that asks whether a would-be adverse possessor has taken sufficient steps to begin to possess as owner and deserves to be awarded with ownership through prescription and a common law approach that focusses on whether the true owner has been inexcusably passive in pursuing claims to recover his property. The essay also addresses the long term impact of the respective decisions on the law of Louisiana and New York and how the controversy has been used by property law scholars in the United States to illustrate a statute of limitations/accrual approach to the claims of owners seeking to recover valuable personal property or movables.
Benefit of Delayed Fertility Therapy With Preconception Weight Loss Over Immediate Therapy in Obese Women With PCOS

Context: In overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the relative benefit of delaying infertility treatment to lose weight vs seeking immediate treatment is unknown. Objective: We compared the results of two, multicenter, concurrent clinical trials treating infertility in women with PCOS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a secondary analysis of two randomized trials conducted at academic health centers studying women 18–40 years of age who were overweight/obese and infertile with PCOS. Intervention: We compared immediate treatment with clomiphene from the Pregnancy in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome II (PPCOS II) trial (N = 187) to delayed treatment with clomiphene after preconception treatment with continuous oral contraceptives, lifestyle modification (Lifestyle: including caloric restriction, antiobesity medication, behavioral modification, and exercise) or the combination of both (combined) from the Treatment of Hyperandrogenism Versus Insulin Resistance in Infertile Polycyst...
Redox Switchable Copolymerization of Cyclic Esters and Epoxides by a Zirconium Complex

A zirconium precatalyst, (salfan)Zr(OtBu)2 (salfan = 1,1′-di(2-tert-butyl-6-N-methylmethylenephenoxy)ferrocene), shows activity for the redox-controlled block copolymerization of l-lactide and cyclohexene oxide. The role of the oxidant is examined, and several diblock (AB and BA) and triblock copolymers (ABA and BAB) were synthesized and characterized.
Structural biology: Ion-channel mechanisms revealed

Structures of Slo1, a channel that conducts potassium ions out of cells, provide insight into the basis of its high conductance, and of its dual activation by calcium ions and increased membrane voltage. See Articles p.46 & p.52 Dual activation by voltage and calcium ions makes Slo1/BK channels essential to processes that couple membrane electrical excitability and cellular calcium signalling, such as muscle contraction or neuronal communication. In two complementary studies, Roderick MacKinnon and colleagues present full-length structures for a Slo1 channel, either in the presence or the absence of Ca2+ ions, suggesting an unconventional allosteric mechanism, whereby the voltage sensor regulates the Ca2+ sensor instead of the channel's pore directly. These findings explain a large body of biochemical, genetic and physiological data, from both basic and clinical research.
Hybrid ARQ communications for severely degraded Hermite-Gaussian FSO link

In this paper, the potential of hybrid automatic-repeat request (HARQ) algorithm in enhancing the performance of a free- space optical (FSO) communication system, which is impaired by weak turbulence and non-negligible residual pointing error, is explored. In particular, the FSO system is assumed to use orthogonal Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam patterns to exploit spatial multiplexing of optical radiation. Furthermore, it is assumed that a direct-detection mechanism is utilized at the receiver and that the optical radiation is modulated using pulse-position modulation (PPM). Via analytical results and numerical analysis, it is demonstrated that HARQ not only overcomes the impact of spatial error, but also offers a means of achieving near error free communications provided that the delay associate with HARQ can be tolerated. In general, HARQ offers several orders of magnitude improvement in performance.
Transcriptomic and epigenomic differences in human induced pluripotent stem cells generated from six reprogramming methods

Many reprogramming methods can generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that closely resemble human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This has led to assessments of how similar hiPSCs are to hESCs, by evaluating differences in gene expression, epigenetic marks and differentiation potential. However, all previous studies were performed using hiPSCs acquired from different laboratories, passage numbers, culturing conditions, genetic backgrounds and reprogramming methods, all of which may contribute to the reported differences. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing under standardized cell culturing conditions and passage number, we compare the epigenetic signatures (H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and HDAC2 ChIP-seq profiles) and transcriptome differences (by RNA-seq) of hiPSCs generated from the same primary fibroblast population by using six different reprogramming methods. We found that the reprogramming method impacts the resulting transcriptome and that all hiPSC lines could terminally differentiate, regardless of the reprogramming method. Moreover, by comparing the differences between the hiPSC and hESC lines, we observed a significant proportion of differentially expressed genes that could be attributed to polycomb repressive complex targets.
Transcervical Inoculation with Chlamydia trachomatis Induces Infertility in HLA-DR4 Transgenic and Wild-Type Mice

Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of infection-induced infertility in women. Attempts to control this epidemic with screening programs and antibiotic therapy have failed. Currently, a vaccine to prevent C. trachomatis infections is not available. In order to develop an animal model for evaluating vaccine antigens that can be applied to humans, we used C. trachomatis serovar D (strain UW-3/Cx) to induce infertility in mice whose major histocompatibility complex class II antigen was replaced with the human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-DR4). Transcervical inoculation of medroxyprogesterone-treated HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with 5 × 105C. trachomatis D inclusion forming units (IFU) induced a significant reduction in fertility, with a mean number of embryos/mouse of 4.4 ± 1.3 compared to 7.8 ± 0.5 for the uninfected control mice (P < 0.05). A similar fertility reduction was elicited in the wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice (4.3 ± 1.4 embryos/mouse) compared to the levels of the WT controls (9.1 ± 0.4 embryos/mouse) (P < 0.05). Following infection, WT mice mounted more robust humoral and cellular immune responses than HLA-DR4 mice. As determined by vaginal shedding, HLA-DR4 mice were more susceptible to a transcervical C. trachomatis D infection than WT mice. To assess if HLA-DR4 transgenic and WT mice could be protected by vaccination, 104 IFU of C. trachomatis D was delivered intranasally, and mice were challenged transcervically 6 weeks later with 5 × 105 IFU of C. trachomatis D. As determined by severity and length of vaginal shedding, WT C57BL/6 and HLA-DR4 mice were significantly protected by vaccination. The advantages and limitations of the HLA-DR4 transgenic mouse model for evaluating human C. trachomatis vaccine antigens are discussed.
Refining stratigraphy and tectonic history using detrital zircon maximum depositional age: an example from the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Austral Basin, southern Patagonia

Abstract The north–south trending, Late Cretaceous to modern Magallanes–Austral foreland basin of southernmost Patagonia lacks a unified, radiometric, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework. By simplifying the sedimentary fill of the basin to deep‐marine, shallow‐marine and terrestrial deposits, and combining 13 new U‐Pb detrital zircon maximum depositional ages (DZ MDAs) with published DZ MDAs and U‐Pb ash ages, we provide the first attempt at a unified, longitudinal stratigraphic framework constrained by radiometric age controls. We divide the foreland basin history into two phases, including (1) an initial Late Cretaceous shoaling upward phase and (2) a Cenozoic phase that overlies a Palaeogene unconformity. New DZ samples from the shallow‐marine La Anita Formation, the terrestrial Cerro Fortaleza Formation and several previously unrecognized Cenozoic units provide necessary radiometric age controls for the end of the Late Cretaceous foreland phase and the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity in the Austral sector of the basin. These samples show that the La Anita and Cerro Fortaleza Formations have Campanian DZ MDAs, and that overlying Cenozoic strata have Eocene to Miocene DZ MDAs. By filling this data gap, we are able to provide a first attempt at constructing a basinwide, age‐controlled stratigraphic framework for the Magallanes–Austral foreland basin. Results show southward progradation of shallow marine and terrestrial environments from the Santonian through the Maastrichtian, as well as a northward increase in the magnitude of the Palaeogene unconformity. Furthermore, our new age data significantly impact the chronology of fossil flora and dinosaur faunas in Patagonia.
The Peoria Recharge Pit: Its Development and Results

Research on artificial recharge was done in Peoria, Ill, by State Water Survey to find methods for overcoming losses in ground water storage due to overpumpage; method was found to obtain high rate of inflow of from 23 to 27 mgd per acre; types of hydrologic, chemical, and bacteriological observations made.
The Respiratory Burst and the Metabolism of Drugs

It has only been about 20 years since it was first demonstrated that the granulocytes of patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) lack a burst in oxidative metabolism.1 This observation stimulated extensive study of this aspect of granulocyte physiology and has established the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the functional capacity of phagocytic cells.2–6 The complex nature of this biochemical pathway as well as an ever-expanding role of ROS in diverse physiological processes is becoming more apparent with each new report. In addition, there is now evidence that these oxygen metabolites may be major mediators of the inflammatory process occurring in patients with several diverse clinical disorders.7–25
One-Dimensional Shape Properties and Three-Manifolds

Publisher Summary K. Borsuk's notion of movability seems to be of fundamental importance in studying the shape of a compactum. This chapter presents an answer to the question whether the property of being a 1-movable continuum is a continuous invariant. A continuum is a compact connected Hausdorff space. The possibility that this might be the case is suggested by the fact that the continuous image of a locally-connected metric continuum is a locally-connected metric continuum and that a locally-connected metric continuum is 1-movable. Further evidence in this direction is furnished by M. K. Fort's neat result that the dyadic solenoid is not the continuous image of a planar continuum.
Chapter III – Sweden

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the Swedish criminal justice system. It presents the major components of the system—the police, judiciary, law, corrections, and juvenile justice—along with an overview of the political system. It also outlines a brief history of some of the components of the system and describes the organization and administration and the various roles of the practitioners. Some of the critical issues facing the system are also assessed. Sweden is noted for being an exceptionally stable and industrially prosperous country. Part of that success is attributed to the government's ability to seek compromise and to reach a consensus that is beneﬁcial to a large number of the citizenry. This process is illustrated by the manner in which the government and the Riksdag thoroughly analyze an issue that will have a significant long-term impact on the social system prior to enacting legislation. This style has important implications for the justice system, and the person who is given the greatest responsibility for directing those efforts is the minister of justice. This ministry is concerned with the criminal justice legislation, police, criminal procedure, criminal courts, prisons, and probation. Sweden's justice system has resolved a number of problems that are frequently raised in the United States, for example, the police have been consolidated into a number of efficient forces; there is a separate entry scheme for police commissioners and new recruits are exposed to a broad range of police work including criminal investigation. Judges and prosecutors are given special training for their responsibilities. The most significant contribution that the Swedes have made to criminal justice is the development of a humane and just sentencing philosophy.
Psychological Challenges in Treating Chronic Hip Pain

Pain is a summary subjective experience of physical pathology, social setting, and a patient’s unique pattern of thoughts, memories, values, and emotions. This chapter proposes that treatment outcomes can be enhanced by a comprehensive assessment of these factors. Since little research has been done on the unique impact of these factors on posterior hip disorders, a review is provided of related research on the impact of psychosocial factors on back pain, spine surgery, and orthopedic surgery including joint replacement. A model for assessment with psychological testing and treatment is proposed.
A Hybrid Prior Model for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Tomography

Model based methods have gained popularity in the past few decades in reconstruction problems particularly when the measurement data is sparse. In model based inference, apart from a model for the measurements, there exists a model for the unknown signal to be reconstructed, called the prior model. Model based methods tend to do very well when the prior model is accurate and representative of real world behavior of the unknown signal. Often these priors are trained from some training data, and therefore, the accuracy of the reconstructions depends inherently on the accuracy of the training data. The reconstructions can come out to be highly biased if the training data is not representative of the actual signal. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid prior model that combines a Markov Random Field model with a Gaussian model trained from a sparse training set. We combine the models using a mixing coefficient ϒ E [0, 1], that controls the influence of each of the models. Our main contribution is in the way we combine the two models to produce a whole continuum of prior models for different values of $Y$ where $Y$ can be tuned according to how trustworthy the training set is. Reconstruction results show that our hybrid prior models produces high quality reconstructions even when the training data is not representative.
Occupational Physical Activity and Coronary Heart Disease in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Background Women comprise nearly half of the labor force in our society, but the impact of the occupational psychical activity on women's heart health in later life was unclear. We conducted a case-cohort study to assess the association of occupational physical activity (OPA), alone and jointly with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods We included women enrolled in Women's Health Initiative Observational Study who provided an occupational history at baseline and were followed until 2013 for the first occurrence of myocardial infarction or death from CHD (mean age ± SD = 63.4 ± 7.2). A total of 5,243 women free of CHD at baseline were randomly selected into a subcohort and 3,421 CHD events were adjudicated during follow-up. Through linkage of Standard Occupational Classification codes to the Occupational Information Network, we assessed cumulative and most recent exposure of OPA. LTPA was assessed through Women's Health Initiative's physical activity questionnaire. Weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate CHD risk. Results After adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic factors, levels of OPA were not associated with CHD risk. Compared with women with low OPA and high LTPA, women with moderate to high cumulative OPA and low LTPA had relative high CHD risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26, 1.88 for moderate OPA and HR: 1.46. 95% CI: 1.20, 1.78 for high OPA). Discussion Results from this study suggest no overall association between lifetime OPA and CHD risk in women, but the impact of OPA varies by LTPA levels.
THE FINITE SAMPLE PERFORMANCE OF DYNAMIC MODE DECOMPOSITION

We analyze the Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) algorithm as applied to multivariate time-series data. Our analysis reveals the critical role played by the lag-one cross-correlation, or cross-covariance, terms. We show that when the rows of the multivariate time series matrix can be modeled as linear combinations of lag-one uncorrelated latent time series that have a non-zero lag-one autocorrelation, then in the large sample limit, DMD perfectly recovers, up to a column-wise scaling, the mixing matrix, and thus the latent time series. We validate our findings with numerical simulations, and demonstrate how DMD can be used to unmix mixed audio signals.
Deep Learning Based Shopping Assistant For The Visually Impaired

Contemporary developments in computer vision and artificial intelligence show promise to greatly improve the lives of those with disabilities. In this paper, we propose one such development: a wearable object recognition device in the form of eyewear. Our device is specialized to recognize items from the produce section of a grocery store, but serves as a proof of concept for any similar object recognition wearable. It is user friendly, featuring buttons that are pressed to capture images with the built-in camera. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to train the object recognition system. After the object is recognized, a text-to-speech system is utilized to inform the user which object they are holding in addition to the price of the product. With accuracy rates of 99.35%, our product has proven to successfully identify objects with greater correctness than existing models.
Siting re-assemblage: Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park

Focusing on Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park as a dramatic case, this essay reimagines landscape as an assemblage practice in the context of assemblage thinking in the visual arts, contemporary social ...
Pitch range, intensity, and vocal fry in non-native and native English focus intonation

This study investigates the production of English contrastive focus by 26 L1 Mandarin speakers (MS) and 21 native English speakers (ES). The participants completed an interactive game in which they directed experimenters to decorate objects, producing sentences with contrasted adjective or noun (e.g., Andy wants an orange diamond on his towel and a NAVY diamond/orange OVAL on Mindy’s towel). Our results show that while both groups were similar in their use of intensity, the MS used less lengthening of focused words than did ES. While both groups showed a pitch peak on focused adjectives, they differed in the noun-focus condition: while the MS exhibited what is normally considered canonical pitch prosody, with peaks on both focused adjectives and focused nouns, many of the ES’ productions lacked the expected pitch peak on a focused noun. The ES’ divergence from textbook focus prosody reflected their use of an innovative intonation pattern, especially prominent among young native English speakers (Wolk et al. 2012), which is characterized by pitch declination and an increase in vocal fry throughout the intonational phrase. We conclude that this intonation pattern restricted the ES’s ability to use pitch rises to mark focus on phrase-final nouns.
Obama’s Urban Legacy: The Limits of Braiding and Local Policy Coordination:

We examine the distribution of selected place-based urban assistance grants provided by the Obama administration to the 50 largest U.S. cities. Our analysis contributes to understanding Obama’s urb...
Cost Considerations in Database Selection: A Comparison of DIALOG and ESA/IRS.

It is pointed out that there are many factors which affect the decision-making process in determining which databases should be selected for conducting the online search on a given topic. In many cases, however, the major consideration will be related to cost. The present investigation is concerned with a comparison of the costs involved in making use of DIALOG and the European Space Agency's Information Retrieval Service (ESA/IRS). The two services are very comparable in many respects. Attention is given to pricing structure, telecommunications, the number of databases, prints, time requirements, a table listing online costs for DIALOG and ESA/IRS, and differences in mounting databases. It is found that ESA/IRS is competitively priced when compared to DIALOG, and, despite occasionally higher telecommunications costs, may be even more economical to use in some cases.
Visibility Probabilities II

In the present chapter we consider problems associated with the visibility of targets from several observation points, subject to interference by a random field of obscuring elements, and visibility probabilities in three dimensional spaces. This chapter presents extensions of the results of Chapter 3. We consider a random field of obscuring elements, which are centered in a region located between the observation points and the targets. The targets are stationary points in the plane, or in space.
Sepsis quality in safety-net hospitals: An analysis of Medicare's SEP-1 performance measure.

Abstract Purpose Newly enacted policies at the state and federal level in the United States require acute care hospitals to engage in sepsis quality improvement. However, responding to these policies requires considerable resources and may disproportionately burden safety-net hospitals. To better understand this issue, we analyzed the relationship between hospital safety-net status and performance on Medicare's SEP-1 quality measure. Materials and methods We linked multiple publicly-available datasets with information on SEP-1 performance, structural hospital characteristics, hospital financial case mix, and health system affiliation. We analyzed the relationship between hospital safety-net status and SEP-1 performance, as well as whether hospital characteristics moderated that relationship. Results We analyzed data from 2827 hospitals, defining safety-net hospitals using financial case mix data. The 703 safety-net hospitals performed worse on Medicare's SEP-1 quality measure (adjusted difference 2.3% compliance, 95% CI −4.0%–−0.6%). This association was most evident in hospitals not affiliated with health systems, in which the difference between safety-net and non-safety-net hospitals was 6.8% compliance (95% CI −10.4%–−3.3%). Conclusions Existing sepsis policies may harm safety-net hospitals and widen health disparities. Our findings suggest that strategies to promote collaboration among hospitals may be an avenue for sepsis performance improvement in safety-net hospitals.
La mujer soñando: imagen, lugar y estética del exilio

Mirando detenidamente a una columna argentina sobre la interpretacion de suenos, publicada en una revista popular para mujeres de 1948 a 1951, este trabajo examina el papel de la imagen del sueno e...
Inflammation Triggers Liver X Receptor-Dependent Lipogenesis.

Immune cell function can be modulated by changes in lipid metabolism. Our studies indicate that cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis increases in macrophages between 12 and 18 h after the activation of Toll-like receptors with proinflammatory stimuli and that the upregulation of lipogenesis may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The inflammation-dependent increase in lipogenesis requires the induction of the liver X receptors, members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, by type I interferons in response to inflammatory signals. Instead of the well-established role for liver X receptors in stimulating cholesterol efflux, we demonstrate that liver X receptors are necessary for the proper resumption of cholesterol synthesis in response to inflammatory signals. Thus, liver X receptors function as bidirectional regulators of cholesterol homeostasis, driving efflux when cholesterol levels are high and facilitating synthesis in response to inflammatory signals. Liver X receptor activity is also required for the proper shutdown of a subset of type I interferon-stimulated genes as inflammation subsides, placing the receptors in a negative-feedback loop that may contribute to the resolution of the inflammatory response.
Nine Questions to Guide You in Choosing a Metadata Schema

This article is a guide for collection developers at the point of considering a metadata schema for their digital collection. The nine questions asked in this article will assist a developer in clarifying how he wants the collection to be organized, described, and used. This article uses examples to illustrate how these questions guided the development of a digital collection built at the University of Southern California.
Queer teacher to queer teacher: reflections, questions, and hopes from current and aspiring educators

Today, members of the various lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities enjoy many of the same rights and privileges as their cis-gender, heterosexual peers. Yet, the lived...