cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Properties in a Silt Loam Soil under Natural Prairie, Conventional Till, and No-Till

Tillage in the Palouse region of Washington State over the past 100 yr has influenced the soil physical and biological properties. In particular, hydraulic properties are significantly affected by soil cultivation. The objectives of this study were to assess the temporal patterns of soil hydraulic properties under three management systems, natural prairie (NP), conventional till (CT), and no-till (NT), and to compare hydraulic properties between these three systems. Saturated and near-saturated hydraulic conductivities (up to -15 cm-H 2 O hydraulic head), and soil water retention curves were determined using intact soil cores taken from the top 10 cm of soil. Soils were sampled at six different times during a period of 1.5 yr from a NP, a long-term (>100 yr) CT, and a 27-yr-old NT system. The NP represented the original soil and natural vegetation of the area. Significant temporal variation in hydraulic conductivity was found. Temporal variation was most evident in the NP soil, where organic matter content was twice as large as under the CT and NT soils. Hydraulic conductivities in the NP were about one order of magnitude larger than in the cultivated soils. In NT, saturated hydraulic conductivities in the top 5 cm of soils were significantly larger than in CT. No-till and CT soils had similar near-saturated hydraulic conductivities, indicating that even 27 yr of continuous NT could not restore the original hydraulic properties of the soil. Restoration of original hydraulic properties in cultivated former prairie soils may take considerably longer.
Plasmonic interferometric sensor arrays for high-performance label-free biomolecular detection

A plasmonic interferometric biosensor that consists of arrays of circular aperture–groove nanostructures patterned on a gold film for phase-sensitive biomolecular detection is demonstrated. The phase and amplitude of interfering surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the proposed device can be effectively engineered by structural tuning, providing flexible and efficient control over the plasmon line shape observed through SPP interference. Spectral fringes with high contrast, narrow linewidth, and large amplitude have been experimentally measured and permit the sensitive detection of protein surface coverage as low as 0.4 pg mm−2. This sensor resolution compares favorably with commercial prism-based surface plasmon resonance systems (0.1 pg mm−2) but is achieved here using a significantly simpler collinear transmission geometry, a miniaturized sensor footprint, and a low-cost compact spectrometer. Furthermore, we also demonstrate superior sensor performance using the intensity interrogation method, which can be combined with CCD imaging to upscale our platform to high-throughput array sensing. A novel low-background interferometric sensing scheme yields a high sensing figure of merit (FOM*) of 146 in the visible region, surpassing that of previous plasmonic biosensors and facilitating ultrasensitive high-throughput detection.
Retention on buprenorphine treatment reduces emergency department utilization, but not hospitalization, among treatment-seeking patients with opioid dependence

Abstract Drug users are marginalized from typical primary care, often resulting in emergency department (ED) usage and hospitalization due to late-stage disease. Though data suggest methadone decreases such fragmented healthcare utilization (HCU), the impact of buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) on HCU is unknown. Chart review was conducted on opioid dependent patients seeking BMT, comparing individuals ( n =59) who left BMT≤7days with those retained on BMT ( n =150), for ED use and hospitalization. Using negative binomial regressions, including comparison of time before BMT induction, ED utilization and hospitalization were assessed. Overall, ED utilization was 0.93 events per person year and was significantly reduced by BMT, with increasing time (retention) on BMT. BMT had no significant effect on hospitalizations or average length of stay.
Consumers report lower confidence in their genetics knowledge following direct-to-consumer personal genomic testing

The aim of this study was to measure changes to genetics knowledge and self-efficacy following personal genomic testing (PGT). New customers of 23andMe and Pathway Genomics completed a series of online surveys. We measured genetics knowledge (nine true/false items) and genetics self-efficacy (five Likert-scale items) before receipt of results and 6 months after results and used paired methods to evaluate change over time. Correlates of change (e.g., decision regret) were identified using linear regression. 998 PGT customers (59.9% female; 85.8% White; mean age 46.9 ± 15.5 years) were included in our analyses. Mean genetics knowledge score was 8.15 ± 0.95 (out of 9) at baseline and 8.25 ± 0.92 at 6 months (P = 0.0024). Mean self-efficacy score was 29.06 ± 5.59 (out of 35) at baseline and 27.7 ± 5.46 at 6 months (P < 0.0001); on each item, 30–45% of participants reported lower self-efficacy following PGT. Change in self-efficacy was positively associated with health-care provider consultation (P = 0.0042), impact of PGT on perceived control over one’s health (P < 0.0001), and perceived value of PGT (P < 0.0001) and was negatively associated with decision regret (P < 0.0001). Lowered genetics self-efficacy following PGT may reflect an appropriate reevaluation by consumers in response to receiving complex genetic information. Genet Med 18 1, 65–72.
Population dynamics of a free-living coral: recruitment, growth and survivorship of Manicina areolata (Linnaeus) on the Caribbean coast of Panama

Abstract Populations of the free-living coral Manicina areolata (Linnaeus) are common in the sea grass flats and mangrove-associated communities in the San Blas Archipelago, northeast Panama. Demographic analysis of these populations suggests that they are self-seeding, since total recruitment rate (number of recruits per square meter) is positively correlated with population density. Per capita recruitment rate (number of recruits per mature colony) is not correlated with density, suggesting that early postsettlement mortality plays an important role in determining population dynamics. Adult survivorship is density independent but size related, with both small and large colonies subject to high rates of mortality. This result is a function of constraints posed by the free-living mode of life of M. areolata, in contrast to attached reef corals in which colonies continue to enjoy higher survivorship with increasing size. M. areolata possesses life-history characteristics suitable for life in patchy, chronically disturbed environments. Colonies do not become reproductive until after they have grown large enough to escape the high probability of death associated with small size, and larvae are brooded and settle soon after release. This restricted dispersal allows dense populations to develop in patchy but nutrient rich environments such as reef flats and mangrove fringe communities.
Staghorn calculus in renal allograft presenting as acute renal failure

Background: Urolithiasis is a rare complication in renal transplant recipients. We report a case of a staghorn calculus occurring in renal allograft, presenting as anuric renal failure with Gram-negative sepsis. Methods and Results: A 48-year-old Caucasian female, with end-stage renal disease due to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, underwent cadaveric renal transplantation in 1986. Sixteen years after transplant, she presented with Gram-negative sepsis with Proteus mirabilis and acute anuric renal failure in the allograft. After undergoing an emergency nephrostomy and treatment of sepsis, a staghorn calculus was subsequently removed by percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Based on the stone analysis and history of urinary tract infections with urease splitting bacteria, the calculus was thought to be infection-induced. Conclusion: Although a rare complication, urolithiasis in an allograft can be associated with significant morbidity. Immediate recognition is critical to restore renal allograft function and to treat associated serious infection in an immunocompromised patient.
L/I‐10 Anesthetic management of pediatric living related liver and small bowel transplants

Living related liver and small bowel transplants, in combination or staged, are now considered an acceptable therapy for children with short gut syndrome who do not tolerate parenteral nutrition and suffer from liver dysfunction and portal hypertension secondary to cholestasis. The anesthetic management of a pediatric living related liver and small bowel transplant is very challenging. Preoperatively, the focus is on the extensive preparation needed for these cases. Intraoperatively, fluid management requires maintenance of a delicate balance between low CVP to prevent venous congestion of the transplant and adequate blood pressure to maintain perfusion, especially during the reperfusion phase. Monitoring the coagulation status and platelets is important, in order to be able to react appropriately to uncontrollable bleeding; however, overcorrection, which can lead to hepatic or mesenteric artery thrombosis and graft failure, should not be risked. Temperature control is crucial in children independent of the surgical procedure, but poses a special challenge in light of large volume shifts, cold transplanted organs, and large surface area exposure. Fluctuation in glucose levels, acid-base status, and electrolytes have to be anticipated and treated. Postoperatively, these children have to be monitored in the ICU and cared for in a similar manner as intraoperatively. The team has to be prepared for emergent reexploration for complications, e.g., bleeding, at any time. These are some of the considerations that demonstrate the complexity of the anesthetic care of these children. References: Socol E. et al. Liver and intestinal transplantation in children; JPGN Vol. 35 (2) Supplement; Aug. 2002. Gregory GA. Pediatric Anesthesia, 4th Edition, p. 541-567, Churchill/Livingston 2002. Borland LM. Anesthesia for organ transplantation in children. Int Anesthesiol Clin 23:173, 1985.
Large-Scale Machine Learning Approaches for Molecular Biophysics

Extracting knowledge from large, heterogeneous, unstructured and high-dimensional data is one of the major challenges for large-scale machine learning algorithms. In this talk, I will present our recent results developing unsupervised machine learning approaches to explore such data sets. A large number of these datasets follow heavy-tailed distributions, characterized by long-range dependencies. We quantify the tails of these distributions using higher order statistics and use tensor-based representations to build data mining algorithms for: (1) online detection of events that signify anomalies in spatio-temporal patterns; (2) building low- dimensional latent variable models to capture the intrinsic multiscale structure; and (3) hierarchical clustering and visual organization of the data to gain relevant insights. We will illustrate these approaches on a variety of applications including the integration of sparse experimental observations with atomistic-scale information for understanding the function of cellular systems. We will also discuss how these approaches can be widely applied to other domains.
Breathholding spells in childhood.

~ reathholding spells (BHSs) in childhood have been a commonly observed puzzling and anxiety-provoking clinical phenomenon for hundreds of years. Since the 1950s our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical phenomenology, and pathophysiology of BHSs has expanded. 1-6 This synthesis is intended to broaden our understanding of these dramatic and clinically challenging, childhood paroxysmal nonepileptic phenomena.
Mars Pathfinder mission operations: faster, better, cheaper on Mars

On July 4, 1997, the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft landed successfully in Ares Vallis, Mars. The following days and weeks were a whirlwind of scientific and technological achievement, as the lander and rover met and exceeded all of the mission objectives. This accomplishment is clear evidence that the faster, better, cheaper implementation approach can result in highly successful and low cost missions. A number of innovative design, fabrication,and management techniques were used to build and launch the spacecraft within the cost cap. The same faster, better, cheaper spirit was also applied to develop the mission operations system and conduct operations through cruise and surface operations. The highly operable designs of the Flight System and Ground Data System enabled an operations architecture in which most activities were performed by a core group of functional generalists. This group consisted of experienced development and test personnel whose skills were augmented with cross-training and contingency testing. The small size of this team combined with a flat management structure permitted highly streamlined and efficient operational processes. This efficiency was critical during the surface mission when daily updates to the operations plan were performed.
The Academic and Social Integration of Persisting Community College Transfer Students

This qualitative study sought to discern the applicability of Tinto's theory of the importance of academic and social integration to students' persistence by interviewing community college transfer students who had persisted for several semesters in a large, public, research extensive university. Twelve students who participated in a 2004 study about factors affecting the transfer process and their subsequent integration into the receiving institution were interviewed again in 2006 about their academic and social integration into the university. The researchers found that persisting community college transfer students' academic and social integration needs appeared to be different from those of first-year, traditional-age college students at a residence-oriented 4-year institution. The primary institutional influences affecting their integration were university size, the opportunity to join clubs in their major, and the opportunity to conduct research with a professor. Individual or situational influences...
Microfluidic motion generation with acoustic waves

Abstract This paper presents a novel approach for producing microfluidic motion by loosely focused acoustic waves (generated by piezoelectric zinc oxide thin film). Results show that the acoustic waves generated by radio frequency (r.f.) sources with frequencies corresponding to the thickness-mode resonances of the piezoelectric film are very effective in moving liquid around when the waves are loosely focused. The device operates without any significant temperature increase in the liquid, and will be very attractive for mixing or transporting temperature-sensitive fluids.
Hostility in Employed Women Relation to Work and Marital Experiences, Social Support, Stress, and Anger Expression

Ninety-one women employed full-time outside the home were administered the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. Information concerning various work -and nonwork-related variables was obtained by questionnaire and interview. Women with higher hostility scores reported having more stressful job experiences and feeling more daily stress and tension. Hostility scores were not found to be significantly related to stressful marital experiences or quality of general social support, although there were trends for hostility scores to be negatively related to social support from specific sources-namely, the women's supervisors and husbands. Finally, higher hostility scores were found to be related to greater outward expression of anger. The possibility is mentioned that having more stressful work and other daily experiences may contribute to mediating the relation between the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale and coronary artery disease in women.
STRIPES: an efficient index for predicted trajectories

Moving object databases are required to support queries on a large number of continuously moving objects. A key requirement for indexing methods in this domain is to efficiently support both update and query operations. Previous work on indexing such databases can be broadly divided into categories: indexing the past positions and indexing the future predicted positions. In this paper we focus on an efficient indexing method for indexing the future positions of moving objects.In this paper we propose an indexing method, called STRIPES, which indexes predicted trajectories in a dual transformed space. Trajectories for objects in d-dimensional space become points in a higher-dimensional 2d-space. This dual transformed space is then indexed using a regular hierarchical grid decomposition indexing structure. STRIPES can evaluate a range of queries including time-slice, window, and moving queries. We have carried out extensive experimental evaluation comparing the performance of STRIPES with the best known existing predicted trajectory index (the TPR*-tree), and show that our approach is significantly faster than TPR*-tree for both updates and search queries.
Differences of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillations Simulated in an Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model and an Atmosphere-Only Model*

A series of small-perturbation experiments has been conducted to demonstrate that an atmosphere‐ocean coupled model and an atmosphere-only model produce significantly different intensities of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) and phase relationships between convection and underlying SST associated with BSISO. The coupled model not only simulates a stronger BSISO than the atmosphere-only model, but also generates a realistic phase relationship between intraseasonal convection and underlying SST. In the coupled model, positive (negative) SST fluctuations are highly correlated with more (less) precipitation with a time lead of 10 days as in the observations, suggesting that intraseasonal SST is a result of atmospheric convection, but at the same time, positively feeds back to increase the intensity of the convection. In the atmosphere-only model, however, SST is only a boundary forcing for the atmosphere. The intraseasonal convection in the atmosphereonly model is actually less correlated with underlying SST. The maximum correlation between convection and SST occurs when they are in phase with each other, which is in contrast to the observations. These results indicate that an atmosphere‐ocean coupled model produces a more realistic ISO compared to an atmosphereonly model.
secure media streaming & secure adaptation for non-scalable video

Two important capabilities in media streaming are (1) adapting the media for the time-varying available network bandwidth and diverse client capabilities, and (2) protecting the security of the media. Providing both end-to-end security and adapting at a (potentially untrusted) sender or mid-network node or proxy can be solved via a framework called secure scalable streaming (SSS) which provides the ability to transcode the content without requiring decryption. In addition, this enables secure transcoding to be performed in a R-D optimized manner. The original SSS work was performed for scalably coded media. This paper examines its potential application to non-scalable media. Specifically, we examine the problems of how to scale non-scalable H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video and how to do it securely. We first show, perhaps surprisingly, (hat the importance of different P-frames in a sequence can vary by two orders of magnitude. Then we propose two approaches for securely streaming and adapting encrypted H.264 video streams in an R-D optimized manner using (1) secure-media R-D hint tracks, and (2) secure scalable packets. While we can not scale the bit rate of encrypted non-scalable H.264 to the same extent possible for scalably coded media, our method does provide some scaling capability and more importantly provides 4-8 dB gain compared to conventional approaches.
Dosing Considerations for Obese Patients Receiving Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agents

Objective: To examine the available trials evaluating the effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetic parameters of chemotherapy agents. Data Source: A PubMed search (January 1977-June 2013) was conducted for English-language articles evaluating obesity and its relationship to pharmacokinetic parameters of chemotherapy agents. Search terms included: chemotherapy, obesity, excess weight, overweight, neoplasm, pharmacokinetics, dosing, cancer, body mass index, toxicity, efficacy, body surface area. Data Selection and Data Extraction: All articles were critically evaluated, and all pertinent information was included. Studies were included if they addressed obesity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Data Synthesis: Obesity and cancer are preeminent health care challenges in the 21st century, with obese persons being at an increased risk of cancer. Given this background, it is troubling that limited information is available for dosing chemotherapy agents in obese patients. Pharmacokinetic parameters of other drug cl...
Evaluation of Metabolizable Energy for Poultry

(1972). Evaluation of Metabolizable Energy for Poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 204-214.
Netpiler: detection of ineffective router configurations

Configuring a network is a tedious and error-prone task. In particular, configuring routing policies for a network is complex as it involves subtle dependencies in multiple routers across the network. Misconfigurations are common and certain misconfigurations can bring the Internet down. In 2005, a misconfigured router in AS 9121 blackholed traffic for tens of thousands of networks in the Internet. This paper describes NetPiler, a system that detects router misconfigurations. NetPiler consists of a routing policy configuration model and a misconfiguration detection algorithm. The model is applicable to routing policies configured on a single router as well as to network-wide configuration. Using the model, NetPiler detects configuration commands that do not influence the behavior of the network - we call these configurations ineffective commands. Although the ineffective commands could be benign, sometimes when the commands are mistakenly configured to be ineffective, they cause the network to misbehave deviating from the intended behavior. We have implemented NetPiler in approximately 128,000 lines of C++ code, and evaluated it on the configurations of four production networks. NetPiler discovers nearly a hundred ineffective commands. Some of these misconfigurations can result in loss of connectivity, access to protected networks, and financial implications by providing free transit services. We believe NetPiler can help networks to significantly reduce misconfigurations.
GLP-1 Based Therapy and the Exocrine Pancreas: Accelerated Dysplasia and Cancer?

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by a deficit in pancreatic beta cell mass with increased beta cell apoptosis. Abnormalities of the exocrine pancreas have also been reported in T2DM, including a decreased overall pancreas size and increased pancreatitis. A promising therapy for T2DM emerged from an old observation that ingested glucose enhances insulin secretion to a greater extent than intravenously infused glucose, an observation termed the incretin effect. The hormone glucagon like peptide one (GLP-1) released from endocrine cells in the gut in response to food ingestion was identified as one of the incretin factors. GLP-1 based therapy has been marked for treatment of T2DM, either as injected GLP-1 mimetics or as orally active inhibitors of the enzyme that degrades endogenously secreted GLP-1 (Dipeptidyl peptidase 4, DPP-4). DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 mimetics are effective at lowering blood glucose in T2DM. The concern as regards the unintended actions of GLP-1 based therapy on the exocrine pancreas was first noted in case reports of pancreatitis in individuals treated with the GLP-1 mimetic exenatide, and this was followed by a caution from the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) based on increased reports of pancreatitis noted in the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS). Subsequent reports of the actions of GLP-1 on the exocrine pancreas have been controversial. Some, but not all studies, have reported an increase in pancreatic size in animal treated with GLP-1 based therapies. In one human study (of brain dead organ donors) we reported an increase in pancreas weight and pancreatic dysplasia in individuals with T2DM exposed to prior therapy with GLP-1 based therapy (7 DPP-4 inhibitors, 1 GLP-1 mimetic). Others have contested those findings. It is our view that the matter is not resolved and that additional studies are required to establish the safety of this widely prescribed class of drugs. Image: Gila monster ( Heloderma suspectum ) venom contains a substance that shares much of its chemistry with human GLP-1. (Author: Blueag9 , Wikimedia Commons )
Use of an Inclination Compass during Migratory Orientation by the Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus)

Adult bobolinks were tested in a planetarium under patterns of nonrotating artificial stars to determine the influence of natural and modified magnetic fields on their migratory orientation. The modified magnetic field was of the same total intensity as the natural field, but the vertical vector was reversed, causing the resulting total vector to point up and north (compared to the natural northern hemisphere vector pointing down and north). When exposed to the artificial magnetic field, the birds reversed their preferred headings relative to the stellar and geographic references. This response is consistent with the use of an inclination compass. Although 60 % of the individuals reversed their headings the first night, some individuals took up to 5 nights (mean = 2.1 nights).
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for the Treatment of Sleep Apnea

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) has become the treatment of choice for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Successful therapy with CPAP depends greatly on individual patient acceptance and compliance. Current indications for CPAP, including those for mild obstructive sleep apnea, will need to be revisited when results from the longitudinal follow-up of the Wisconsin Cohort and the Sleep Heart Health Study are made available.
Acoustic Tailoring of Composite Cylindrical Shells: A Survey of Current Capability

Composites are becoming the material of choice for many weight-critical applications because of their high specific stiffness and the ability to tailor their properties for special applications. In addition, the composite fabrication process is amenable to the inclusion of embedded treatments, which can be exploited to enhance the structural-acoustic performance. This paper provides a summary of the techniques currently used for acoustically tailoring composite structures with embedded, passive damping techniques. A summary of prediction methods for assessing the treatment performance is also provided. The focus of the paper is on cylindrical shell structures such as pipes.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Atomic screening of nuclear transitions

In the analysis of time-reversal and Mossbauer absorption experiments, it is important to consider atomic processes which interfere with the direct nuclear transition. Interaction of the photon with the atomic electrons causes the radiation to acquire a phase shift, specified by the interference parameter ξ(L_π). We present theoretical expressions for ξ and compare our calculated values with experiment. Satisfactory agreement is obtained. In particular, an apparent violation of time-reversal invariance in the 129-keV transition of ^(191)Ir is fully explained by these effects.
Marriage and Divorce in a Multicultural Context: Table of Contents and Introduction

American family law makes two key assumptions: first, that the civil state possesses sole authority over marriage and divorce; and second, that the civil law may contain only one regulatory regime for such matters. These assumptions run counter to the multicultural and religiously plural nature of our society. They are also wrong. This book elaborates how those assumptions are descriptively incorrect, and it begins an important conversation about whether more pluralism in family law is normatively desirable. For example, may couples rely on religious tribunals (Jewish, Muslim, or otherwise) to decide family law disputes? May couples opt into stricter divorce rules, either through premarital contracts or “covenant marriages”? How should the state respond when couples purport to do these things? Intentionally interdisciplinary and international in scope, this volume contains contributions from fourteen leading scholars. The authors address the provocative question of whether the state must consider sharing its jurisdictional authority with other groups in family law. Contributors include Brian H. Bix; Michael J. Broyde; Daniel Cere; Ann Laquer Estin; Mohammad H. Fadel; Werner Menski; Linda C. McClain; Joel A. Nichols; Stephen B. Presser; Ayelet Shachar; Katherine Shaw Spaht; Johan D. van der Vyver; Robin Fretwell Wilson; and John Witte Jr.
Notes on linear systems and frequency responses: Research Articles

We show that not all continuous multidimensional linear shift-invariant systems are characterized by their frequency responses (even when they exist), but that the members of a certain important large family of multidimensional linear systems are completely characterized by their suitably defined frequency responses. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Democracy to Empire: Transgression and Substitution in Thucydides’ Periclean Narrative

This article investigates the imperial resonances of a transgressive, or revolutionary, conception of democracy. In the narrative that Thucydides constructs in his History, Pericles appropriates for an imperial project a revolutionary democratic self-understanding from the available resources of Athenian civic ideology. His appropriation privileges the beginnings of Athens’ democratic regime over its ongoing practice. Pericles, thereby, obscures both the monologic character of his rule and the deep diversity within the democratic institutions of Athens. The study closes with an examination of the erotic images of citizenship that Pericles employs in his various speeches in the History and with a discussion, as a counterpoint, of the practices of lot and rotation that he ignores.
An enhanced cerebral recovery index for coma prognostication following cardiac arrest

Prognostication of coma outcomes following cardiac arrest is both qualitative and poorly understood in current practice. Existing quantitative metrics are powerful, but lack rigorous approaches to classification. This is due, in part, to a lack of available data on the population of interest. In this paper we describe a novel retrospective data set of 167 cardiac arrest patients (spanning three institutions) who received electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. We utilized a subset of the collected data to generate features that measured the connectivity, complexity and category of EEG activity. A subset of these features was included in a logistic regression model to estimate a dichotomized cerebral performance category score at discharge. We compared the predictive performance of our method against an established EEG-based alternative, the Cerebral Recovery Index (CRI) [1] and show that our approach more reliably classifies patient outcomes, with an average increase in AUC of 0.27.
A Setback to Tomás Garrido Canabal's Desire to Eliminate the Church in Mexico

against the church in his home state made him the best known member of the incoming cabinet.1 The Tabascan dictator had vir tually exterminated the church in his small state. Not one priest could officiate there because of the 1925 legislation defining the qualifications of clerics: to be Tabascan or Mexican by birth, with five years residency in the state; to be older than forty; to have studied the primary and the preparatory courses in the official schools; to be of good moral antecedents; to be married; and not to have been, nor be subject to any lawsuits.2 Garrido's Blocs of Young Revolutionaries, popularly known as the Red Shirts because of their colorful uniforms, systematically leveled church buildings. They also
Oxygen Doped Silicon Surface Layers by Ion Implantation

Oxygen doping of silicon with ion implantation has been attempted with the aim of modifying the surface electrical properties of the substrate. The change in currentvoltage (I–V) characteristics after 1200 °C anneal has been ascribed to the formation of Oxygen Doped Silicon. The independence of the I–V characteristics on the choice of top metal contact and the reversal in direction of rectification strongly suggest the formation of an alloy layer in Si by the implantation. SIMS measurements indicate a sharp oxygen profile after the anneal and FTIR data show that oxygen is in the form of SiO2 embedded in a silicon matrix.
0231 Acute inflammatory response to secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking construction workers: a repeated measures study0231 Acute inflammatory response to secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking construction workers: a repeated measures study

Objectives This study aimed to characterise the cardiovascular inflammatory response to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking construction workers. Method Non-smoking workers (n = 27) were recruited from a local union and monitored inside a union hall while exposed to SHS over approximately 6 h. Using a repeated measures study design, blood samples were taken before SHS exposure (baseline), immediately following SHS exposure (post) and the morning following SHS exposure (next morning). Inflammatory markers including acute phase proteins (SAA, CRP), adhesion molecules (s-ICAM, s-VCAM), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha, VEGF) were analysed. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to examine within-person changes in inflammatory markers at post and next morning compared to baseline. Exposure-response relationships with TWA PM2.5 were also examined using mixed effects models. All models were adjusted for age, BMI and circadian variation. Results There was a decrease in SAA (baseline = 2322 ng/ml, post = 1949 ng/ml, p = 0.04) and TNF-alpha (baseline = 9.6 pg/ml, post = 8.4 pg/ml, p Conclusions Our results indicate that exposure to SHS can lead to a cardiovascular inflammatory response approximately 18 h following SHS exposures, further supporting a pathway between SHS exposure and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Effects of hyaluronidase and cortisone on connective tissue studied electrometrically.

SummaryReversal of hyaluronidase effects on concentration of negatively charged colloids in the dermis of normal and cortisone treated rabbits was studied by serial measurement of liquid junction potentials. In normal animals, hyaluronidase lowers negative charge density in the tissues; recovery is half completed in about 4 hours. In animals treated with cortisone initial charge density is lower than in normal animals. After hyaluronidase is injected into the dermis, the lowest levels are reached. Half recovery, however, occurs in 2 1/2 hours. Serial electrometric measurements following hyaluronidase injection are suggested as a means of studying hormone and drug effects, and disease states in connective tissue.
The Tragedy of Operationalism

Operational definitions were a neo-Machian development that connected with the positivism of logical positivism. Logical positivism failed, with the failure of operational definitions being just on...
Science internships at The New York Botanical Garden: Origins, history, and current status

The science internship program at The New York Botanical Garden started with a small number of students as an outgrowth of the educational programs established by Nathaniel Lord Britton. The internship program has since grown to include a formal structure and to provide training for more than 50 students each year.
An analysis of mound formation at Milingimbi, Northern Territory

This Master of Letters thesis presents a summary of archaeological and geomorphological research that has a bearing on the study area, Milingimbi, northeast Arnhem Land. It determines that the archaeological sites on the island are comparable to coastal sites found elsewhere in the north. In doing so it details the results of previous archaeological work undertaken at Milingimbi (McCarthy and Setzler 1960; Mulvaney 1975; Warner 1969) and presents data on six sites that were investigated on the island in 1989-90. This thesis primarily reviews some of the agents of mound formation that may affect the interpretation of coastal archaeological sites in Australia. In particular it looks at features associated with the behaviour of some mounding and burrowing animals that are found at Milingimbi, including the Orange Footed Scrub Fowl ( Megapodius reinwardt ), the Horn Eyed Ghost Crab ( Ocypode ceratopthalma ) and the Moniter Lizard ( Varanus punctatus ). It also examines the discard and mounding behaviour of the Yolngu and Anbarra people of Arnhem Land in terms of interpreting the past (Meehan 1982). Data are presented on one hundred and eighteen sites recorded at Milingimbi in 1989-90. Sites are assessed in relation to a number of factors including location, vegetation, species representation, condition, matrix, stone tools and hearths. Sites in the study area appear to have at least seven different manifestations and these can be attributed to a number of different variables (including the activities of scrub fowls). Finally this thesis assesses the role of the scrub fowl in the formation of archaeological features at Milingimbi as suggested by Stone (1989, 1991). It suggests that a range of bioturbators operate on sites in different areas and that locational details are prime determinants. The evidence at Milingimbi for the creation of mounds by the scrub fowl is limited to areas that were or are thickly forested by semi-deciduous vine thickets. Deposits utilised by these animals for the incubation of eggs are however demonstrably different to the deposits built by hunter-gatherers although it is apparent that overlaps exist that need further clarification based on taphonomical analysis.
Effects of Large-Scale PV Power Access on the HVDC Power Transmission System

The DC transmission system is an important technical means for high voltage,large capacity and long distance power transmission and interconnection of regional power grids,and it plays a very important play for trans-regional digestion for large-scaled new energy generation.Based on integration of the large-scaled PV(photovoltaic) power generation with a certain power grid in Northwest China,this paper establishes a PV power station model and explores the impacts of the PV station on the DC system under different operation modes and grid disturbances.Finally it puts forward suggestions and measures to guarantee the stable operation of the DC system with the large scale PV power generation integrated with the system.
Is your patient's cancer under control?

Follow international guidelines to assess the effectiveness of pain medication and keep your patient comfortable.
Surgical management of swallowing disorders.

Many patients with severe swallowing disorders will require surgical intervention at some point in the course of their illness. Surgery should be designed to address specific dysfunctions identified by a thorough evaluation. Defining a patient’s problem is usually a multidisciplinary effort, requiring the skills of several specialists.
Metabolic RemodeLIN of Pluripotency

Cellular metabolism is a key regulator of cell fate, including fate in pluripotent stem cells. Now in Cell Stem Cell, Zhang et al. (2016) show that Lin28 controls the metabolic transition from naive to primed pluripotency by directly repressing oxidative metabolism genes and metabolic intermediates involved in epigenetic regulation independently of let-7.
The obesity-breast cancer conundrum: an analysis of the issues.

Breast cancer develops over a timeframe of 2–3 decades prior to clinical detection. Given this prolonged latency, it is somewhat unexpected from a biological perspective that obesity has no effect or reduces the risk for breast cancer in premenopausal women yet increases the risk for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This conundrum is particularly striking in light of the generally negative effects of obesity on breast cancer outcomes, including larger tumor size at diagnosis and poorer prognosis in both pre- and postmenopausal women. This review and analysis identifies factors that may contribute to this apparent conundrum, issues that merit further investigation, and characteristics of preclinical models for breast cancer and obesity that should be considered if animal models are used to deconstruct the conundrum.
Authenticating users inside and outside the library: implementing a proxy server

Libraries supporting digital resources must provide access to proprietary databases for off-campus users. It is also often important to restrict access to given databases or to classes of users from within the library. Vendors usually control access through some combination of Internet Protocol (IP) address and user ID and password. The process of authenticating and authorizing users creates an access management system. One of the most effective means for implementing an access management system today is through a Web proxy server. The technique for setting up the Netscape Proxy Server is described, along with the proxy server's advantages and disadvantages.
Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections

Pancreatic fluid collections are fluid-filled cavities that develop and evolve in the setting of acute and chronic pancreatitis as well as pancreatic necrosis. While most fluid collections resolve spontaneously, many will mature over several weeks into organized collections with a radiologically visualized non-epithelial lined capsule. These collections are referred to as pancreatic pseudocysts or walled-off necrosis, depending on their internal components. Pseudocysts contain primarily liquid contents while walled-off necrosis contains variable amounts of both solid and liquid debris. Symptomatic and infected collections are indications for intervention. The primary management was previously surgical, but has become less invasive over the past several decades with endoscopic drainage and debridement, now the favored approach in most centers. This chapter discusses how and when endoscopic drainage should be performed and the role of ERCP and EUS in performing these procedures.
Think Globally, Teach Locally: Experiencing the Foreign Aid Debate Through Service Learning

AbstractNovel curricular strategies are required if institutions want all students to actively experience the benefits of global knowledge and civic engagement, as financial and practical commitments frequently make study abroad inaccessible to many students. In this paper, we outline an innovative service-learning course, where local action coupled with an international target, offered a parallel and novel learning strategy that capitalized on the strengths of experiential education, while providing a practical and more inclusive student engagement opportunity available to a larger subset of students. We also describe our teaching strategy, which emphasizes the social context of the classroom: discovery, self-exploration, and shared learning. Together, service learning and a critical pedagogy can better help students relate to the otherwise abstract processes of foreign aid. In 2013 and 2014, approximately 30 undergraduate students participated in a student-led outreach project soliciting bicycle donatio...
Role of Enterococci in Cheddar Cheese: Free Fatty Acid Appearance and Citric Acid Utilization1

Eight lots of Cheddar cheese were manufactured to determine the microbiological response and biochemical effects of two strains each of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus durans used as supplemental starters in combination with a commercial lactic culture. Each lot consisted of a control vat of cheese manufactured with the lactic starter only and an experimental vat of cheese containing the lactic starter and one of the enterococcus strains. Combinations of two curing temperatures (7.2 and 12.8 C) and two early cooling treatments (air vs. brine cooling) were used for cheeses from each vat to determine environmental effects on the cheeses. Cheeses manufactured with S. faecalis had a somewhat lower content of free fatty acids than did control cheeses, possibly because of early conversion of acids to neutral compounds. Cheeses manufactured with S. durans showed a fluctuating, but consistent, free fatty acid content among treatments, with overall amounts being greater than in the control cheeses or in c...
Interrupted SAR imaging with limited persistence scattering models

In this paper, we study the problem of wide-angle SAR imaging in the setting when pulses along the synthetic aperture are randomly subsampled, commonly referred to as interrupted SAR. We propose a regularized inversion method that decomposes the target into a set of scattering centers with limited persistence by utilizing the model based sparsity of scattering coefficients. Based on the prior work on parametric models derived for canonical reflectors, we hypothesize that the scattering coefficient as a function of the viewing angle is embedded in a low-dimensional subspace spanned by a set of functions or dictionary atoms that have a support, which is concentrated in the viewing angle domain. Towards this end, we consider specific choices of dictionary atoms, the first one being copies of piecewise constant functions with a fixed range, the second being Gaussian functions with a fixed variance, which are translated in the mean and finally, a dictionary derived from a series of discrete prolate spheroidal sequences. For these choices, we present preliminary results obtained by solving a regularized optimization problem that enforces the sparsity in spatial as well as in the azimuth domain. We observe that given a small fraction of the pulses, the target locations, and corresponding scattering coefficients are recovered successfully if the signal has a sufficiently sparse representation in the proposed set of dictionary elements.
Thermophysical Properties of Cold- and Vacuum Plasma-Sprayed Cu-Cr-X Alloys, NiAl and NiCrAlY Coatings I: Electrical and Thermal Conductivity, Thermal Diffusivity, and Total Hemispherical Emissivity

This two-part paper reports the thermophysical properties of several cold- and vacuum plasma-sprayed monolithic Cu- and Ni-based alloy coatings. Part I presents the electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and total hemispherical emissivity data, while Part II reports the specific heat capacity data for these coatings. Metallic copper alloys and stoichiometric NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings were fabricated by either the cold spray or the vacuum plasma spray deposition processes for thermal property measurements between 77 and 1223 K. The temperature dependencies of the thermal conductivities, thermal diffusivities, electrical conductivities, and total hemispherical emissivities of these cold- and vacuum-sprayed monolithic coatings are reported in this paper. The electrical and thermal conductivity data correlate reasonably well for Cu-8%Cr-1%Al, Cu-23%Cr-5%Al, and NiAl in accordance with the Wiedemann–Franz (WF) law although a better fit is obtained using the Smith–Palmer relationship. The Lorentz numbers determined from the WF law are close to the theoretical value.
Can Glycation Reduce Food Allergenicity

As a naturally occurring reaction during food processing, glycation, also known as non-enzymatic browning or Maillard reaction, can improve food protein physiochemical properties and functionality. In this perspective, three aspects of glycation (terminology confusion between glycation and glycosylation, its current application, and its impact on immunoreactivity) are elaborated. Overall, the immunoreactivity of glycated proteins may decrease, remain unchanged, or even increase after food glycation. Also, it should be noted that the effect of glycation on the immunoglobulin (Ig)E- or IgG-binding capacity of allergens does not necessarily and correctly predict the allergenicity of the glycated protein in the allergic patient population.