cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Friction Model of Lubricated Surfaces for Precise Motion Control

A model is developed to describe dynamic friction effects in lubricated surfaces. The model covers the hydrodynamic, mixed and boundary lubrication regions. The dynamic friction model can predict the friction force for time-varying velocity, and is useful in precise motion control. The model presented is for a short journal bearing, but can be extended to other geometries of sliding surfaces, such as point and line contacts or rolling element bearings. The friction is related to a time variable fluid film thickness, resulting from journal vibrations relative to the sleeve. The proposed model agrees qualitatively with experimental results for lubricated line contact. Both show similar hysteresis-type friction curves under oscillating velocity. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the STLE/ASME Tribology Conference in New Orleans, Louisiana, October 24–27, 1993
Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Domain 7 in Neonatal Rat Lungs During Normoxia and Hyperoxia.

Purpose of Study: Preterm babies treated with ventilator support and supplemental oxygen frequently develop chronic lung disease (CLD) that has significant mortality and morbidity. Oxygen toxicity plays an important role in CLD etiology. Several lines of evidence have suggested that impairment of pulmonary angiogenesis is implicated in alveolization and the development of CLD. Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL-7) is a recently identified protein secreted from vascular endothelial cells and it regulates vascular tubulogenesis (Nature 2004;428:754). Aim of this study was to measure EGFL-7 expression in the neonatal lung during normoxia and hyperoxia.
Oxygen Photochemistry on TiO2(110): Recyclable, Photoactive Oxygen Produced by Annealing Adsorbed O2

The photochemistry of oxygen adsorbed on TiO2(110) at 30 K and annealed up to 600 K is investigated. UV irradiation results in exchange of atoms between chemisorbed and physisorbed oxygen. Annealin...
A Conversation with Lee Alvin DuBridge - Part II

Physicist Lee A. DuBridge became president of the California Institute of Technology in 1946. In this interview he recalls the immediate problems he faced, including his dealings with Robert A. Millikan, whom he replaced as chief administrator of the institute; institute financing and inadequate salaries. DuBridge also talks about the advent of federal support for peacetime science and Millikan's distaste for it; his close working relationship with Robert F. Bacher, who came to the institute in 1949 as chairman of the Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy; his recollections of the meteorologist Irving P. Krick, the physicist Alexander Goetz, and the chemist Linus Pauling; and his attempts to build up the Humanities Division.
Grammatical structure and recall: A function of the space in immediate memory or of recall delay?

Savin and Perchonock suggest that when a sentence and additional unrelated words are presented for immediate recall, the number of words recalled in addition to that sentence represents the space left over in a limited memory store after the sentence and its transformational tag have been stored. They report error data and word-recall data in support of a transformational model of sentence processing. In two replications of that study, error data failed to support the transformational model. Furthermore, the word-recall data could be attributed to differential word-recall delays-the more complex the sentence, the longer the delay between word presentation and word recall. These findings, as well as others in the literature. fail to support a transformational interpretation of sentence processing.
Preoperative diagnostic value of single-balloon enteroscopy for successful surgical treatment of three independent-origin gastrointestinal malignant tumors: Report of a case

A 67-year-old woman with bloody stools underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy, which revealed the presence of a submucosal tumor in the stomach and an adenocarcinoma in the ascending colon. Preoperative screening disclosed an additional 10-cm tumor in the abdomen between the gastric and colonic lesions. Single-balloon enteroscopy was therefore performed. A nonstenotic, circumferential, bleeding ulcerative lesion was found in the jejunum, and the biopsy revealed malignant lymphoma (ML). A partial resection of the small intestine, ascending colectomy, and wedge resection of the stomach were performed, then systemic chemotherapy for ML was started 2 weeks after surgery. Triple gastrointestinal malignant tumors with different histologies are extremely rare, and have not been previously reported. Single-balloon enteroscopy in this case led to a definite diagnosis by biopsy, thus allowing the patient to receive chemotherapy as soon as possible after surgery.
State Equations of Dynamic Systems with Time Varying Coefficients

The state equations of Kron's primitive machine (KPM) are derived. In turn, the describing equations of the classical energy converters that have time varying coefficients are transformed to corresponding equivalent state equations. These state equations have time independent coefficients and describe the two and three phase primary (with damping windings) synchronous energy converters and the two and three phase primary induction energy converters, all referred to a stationary d-q reference frame. In effect, the state equations describe KPM-equivalents of the above-mentioned devices. The parameters of these equivalents are functions of the real parameters of the physical devices as they are used in practice.
Identification of key immune mediators regulating T helper 1 responses in swine

This publication describes the cloning of full or partial length sequences for pig TBX21 (T-bet), MYD88, ICSBP1, CD8A (CD8α), CD8B (CD8β), and CD28 cDNAs. Real-time PCR assays have been developed for the relative quantitation of these products as well as previously characterized transcripts that encode exon A-containing CD45, HLX1, IRF1, STAT1 and RPL32. When used for examining temporal immune gene expression in the liver of Toxoplasma gondii infected pigs, the positive regulators of Th1 responses, IRF1, MYD88, and STAT1, were found to be expressed prior to the simultaneous upregulation of interferon gamma (IFNG), HLX1 and TBX21 gene expression. In contrast, in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), only expression of IRF1 and IFNG was significantly upregulated. Based on their demonstrated utility in establishing an immune response pathway, these PCR assays should be valuable additions to our swine immune toolkit.
Dopamine D2 receptor availability in opiate-dependent subjects before and after naloxone-precipitated withdrawal

Dopamine may play a role in opiate withdrawal and dependence. We measured dopamine D2 receptor availability in 11 opiate-dependent subjects using PFT and [11C]raclopride at baseline and during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Because [11C]raclopride is sensitive to endogenous dopamine, this strategy enabled us to test whether we could document in humans the DA reductions reported in animal models of opiate withdrawal. Results were compared with values from 11 controls, two of which also received naloxone. The ratio of the distribution volume in striatum to that in cerebellum (Bmax/Kd + 1) was used as model parameter for D2 receptor availability. Baseline measures for Bmax/Kd were lower in opiate-dependent subjects (2.44 +/- 0.4) than in controls (2.97 +/- 0.45 P < or = .009). Naloxone precipitated an intense withdrawal in the abusers but did not change the Bmax/Kd ratio. This study documents decreases in D2 receptors in opiate-dependent subjects but does not document significant changes in striatal DA concentration during acute withdrawal.
Multi-scale modeling to predict ligand presentation within RGD nanopatterned hydrogels

The adhesion ligand RGD has been coupled to various materials to be used as tissue culture matrices or cell transplantation vehicles, and recent studies indicate that nanopatterning RGD into high-density islands alters cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. However, elucidating the impact of nanopattern parameters on cellular responses has been stymied by a lack of understanding of the actual ligand presentation within these systems. We have developed a multi-scale predictive modeling approach to characterize the adhesion ligand nanopatterns within an alginate hydrogel matrix. The models predict the distribution of ligand islands, the spacing between ligands within an island and the fraction of ligands accessible for cell binding. These model predictions can be used to select pattern parameter ranges for experiments on the effects of individual parameters on cellular responses. Additionally, our technique could also be applied to other polymer systems presenting peptides or other signaling molecules.
The design characteristics of amplidyne generators

COMPANION papers present some of the inherent possibilities and the useful applications for dynamoelectric amplifiers.1,2 They have also clearly pointed out that the inherent value of such an amplifier is determined by three characteristics: (1) ratio of response or sensitivity; (2) speed of response; and (3) stability.
Capping of Living Polystyryl Cations with Ditolylethylene: Model Reactions with Dimeric Cations

The addition reaction of 1,1-di-p-tolylethylene (DTE) to dimeric styryl living ends (diSt + ) in conjunction with TiCl 4 was investigated in 70:30 CHCl 3 -CH 2 Cl 2 (v:v) at -75 °C using on-line visible spectroscopy. This solvent composition and temperature was shown to be well suited for the polymerization of styrene since termination and chain transfer reactions could not be detected up to close to complete monomer conversion. The monoaddition of DTE to diSt + (i.e., capping) was found to be relatively fast and quantitative. The absorption maximum and the molar extinction coefficient of the DTE capped dimeric styryl cation (diStDTE + ) were determined to be λ max = 467 nm and ∈ max = 47 000 M -1 cm -1 respectively. Although operational, direct initiation is much slower than capping, and the kinetics of capping is unaffected. The apparent rate constant for capping was determined to be 152 M -3 s -1 . Retroaddition was not observed when the temperature was raised to -50 °C. However, at -50 °C, the diStDTE + underwent a slow decomposition by proton elimination.
Effect of fluorine on palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with trifluoromethyl aryl ketones via difluoroenol silyl or monofluoroenol silyl ethers

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of α-aryl-β,β-difluoroenol silyl and α-aryl-β-fluoroenol silyl ethers with aryl bromides proceed smoothly with good functional compatibility.
Advances in the understanding and treatment of human severe combined immunodeficiency.

Human severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) can result from mutations in any one of at least seven different genes, including those for adenosine deaminase, the common cytokine receptor gamma chain, Janus kinase 3, IL-7 receptor alpha chain, recombinase activation genes 1 and 2, and CD45. Except for adenosine deaminase, knowledge concerning the latter causes of human SC ID has accured since 1993. Advances in the treatment of this syndrome have been no less significant. Since 1982 it has been possible, by rigorous depletion of T cells from the donor marrow to use related marrow donors other than HLA-identical siblings for successful treatment of infants with this condition. The success rate with the latter type of transplant exceeds 95% if a transplant can be performed within the first 3.5 mo of life, making early diagnosis crucial. Recently, gene therapy has also been successful in infants with X-linked SCID.
Bronchogenic carcinoma simulating hyperparathyroidism

Four cases are reported of hypercalcemia and bronchogenic carcinoma without demonstrable bone metastases. Studies on serum calcium and phosphorous, phosphate clearance, urinary calcium, rapid calcium infusion test, and ultrafiltrable serum calcium indicated changes characteristic of primary hyperparathyroidism. Surgical extirpation of the lung carcinoma in 2 cases reverted these parameters to normal while x-radiation of the other 2 carcinomas transiently returned serum calcium and phosphorus to normal levels. Adrenocorticoid therapy caused partial suppression of hypercalcemia in 2 instances. All 4 tumors were squamous cell carcinomas. It is concluded that the single criterion for establishing that hypercalcemia is secondary to a humorally active nonmetastatic tumor is the reduction of serum calcium in response to x-radiation or surgical removal of the tumor.
Effects of Distance from Interviewer and Intimacy of Topic on Verbal Productivity and Anxiety

To examine the effect of E. T. Hall's interpersonal distances on verbal productivity and self-reported anxiety, 36 interviewees of both sexes were interviewed by two females at three distances. Personal, social, and academic topics were discussed in each 15-min. interview and sequence of topics was controlled. Anxiety was least at the 5-ft. intermediate distance and greatest while discussing personal matters. Verbal productivity increased as the interview progressed, and men talked more than women. Academic topics produced less anxiety and elicited longer utterances. A moderate correlation was noted between verbal productivity and state anxiety measures. The experiment supports, in part, the Argyle-Dean equilibrium theory of intimacy.
Perspective: The cellular influences of calcium antagonists on systemic and coronary hemodynamics

Abstract Calcium antagonists may have a valuable role in ameliorating the extent and duration of myocardial ischemia following infarction. The precise cellular effects of these agents are being revealed through studies using the model of transient coronary occlusion induced by coronary angioplasty. The class of calcium antagonists is not uniform, and these diverse agents may have a favorable effect on ischemia through one or more of the following mechanisms: direct cardioprotective effect, prevention of calcium accumulation in the mitochondria in ischemic cells, reduction in oxygen consumption or in coronary artery vasoconstriction or coronary spasm, prevention of ischemia-induced arrhythmias, and increased coronary blood flow to ischemic tissue directly or through enhancement of collateral flow. Recent studies of diltiazem, nifedipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine, and amiodipine, as representative agents, are reviewed.
The effects of prolonged intracortical microstimulation on the excitability of pyramidal tract neurons in the cat.

This study was conducted to examine the excitability changes induced in cerebral cortical neurons during prolonged microstimulation with a spatially dense microelectrodes array. The arrays of 16 iridium microelectrodes were implanted chronically into the postcruciate gyrus of cats. Neuronal responses characteristic of single pyramidal tract axons (ULRs) were recorded in the medullary pyramid. 7 h of pulsing of individual electrodes at 50 Hz and at 4 nC/ph induced little or no change in the ULRs' electrical thresholds. The thresholds also were quite stable when 4 of the 16 microelectrodes were pulsed on each of 14 consecutive days. However, when all 16 microelectrodes were pulsed for 7 h at 4 nC/ph, the threshold of approximately half of the ULRs became elevated. Recovery of excitability required 2–18 days. Prolonged sequential (interleaved) pulsing of the 16 microelectrodes induced less depression of excitability than did simultaneous pulsing, but only when the stimulus amplitude was low (12 A, 1.8 nC/ph). Stimulation at a higher amplitude (15 nC/ph) induced much more depression of excitability. These findings imply that multiple processes mediate the stimulation-induced depression of neuronal excitability. The data also demonstrate that the depression can be reduced by employing a stimulus regimen in which the inherent spatial resolution of the array is maximized (sequential pulsing at an amplitude in which there is minimal overlap of the effective current fields). © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Surgical management of Novacor drive-line exit site infections

Implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) drive-line exit site infection, an expected consequence of currently available device use, continues to be a significant limiting factor in long-term support. We theorize that the mechanism behind the establishment of the most chronic exit site infections involves a shearing torsion injury that disrupts the tissue adherence interface with the drive-line. The resulting neo-epithelialized drainage tract prevents permanent clearance of the infection with antibiotics alone. The proposed treatment strategy of established infections involves aggressive surgical excision of the involved exit site.
Questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders.

Pelvic floor symptoms can be assessed in a number of ways. Thorough clinical history taking is an important method of assessing a patient’s symptoms and their effect on daily life. However, in a situation in which a standardized, reproducible assessment is desired, clinical histories can be problematic because they vary with each clinician and patient encounter. The most valid way of measuring the presence, severity and impact of a symptom or condition on a patient’s activities and well-being is through the use of psychometrically robust self-administered questionnaires [1]. An increasing number of questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders are now available. Most are intended to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms. But recently, questionnaires have been developed for women with fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. In general, these questionnaires can be separated into one of three categories: (1) those that measure the presence of particular symptoms and their severity (symptom questionnaires); (2) those that measure quality of life (quality of life [QOL] questionnaires) and (3) those that measure sexual function (sexual function questionnaires).
Methotrexate with leucovorin rescue: A therapeutic alternative in severe psoriatics with a history of methotrexate-induced pancytopenia and diminished renal or hepatic function

Low-dose methotrexate is an effective agent in the treatment of psoriasis. However, haematological and hepatic side-effects may necessitate termination of treatment. Leucovorin has been used to prevent toxicity from high- dose methotrexate used to treat neoplastic diseases. In 1988 we reported on two psoriatic patients who developed severe pancytopenia due to low-dose methotrexate. Following failure of other therapeutic agents we restarted methotrexate. Treatment with methotrexate was successfully rein-stituted in these two patients by the use of oral leucovorin for 48 h commencing 18 h after methotrexate. Neither patient experienced recurrence of pancytopenia or deterioration of renal or hepatic function. The literature discussing the use of leucovorin with low-dose methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis is reviewed. We suggest that leucovorin may decrease the toxicity and expand the usefulness of methotrexate in dermatological and other diseases, particularly in patients considered to be at risk of ...
Taking Advantage of China's Literary Tradition in Teaching Chinese Students

know that China cherishes its literary tradition. Much in the Chinese tradition parallels our own, and can support our English teaching if we learn to take advantage of it. Chinese students make up the largest foreign student group in the US.1 China's Confucian education system, which emphasizes teaching by strict moral models, also forms the foundation ofJapanese, Korean, and Vietnamese schooling to this day. But students from that tradition can be curiously unresponsive when American teachers require them to produce journals, autobiographies, oral reports, individual critiques, improvisations, and debates, vital though these may be. Teachers who are unaware of Chinese tradition, or those who ignore it, risk forfeiting the respect due them and having valuable Western innovations dismissed as games.2 Much innovative language teaching adapts remedial techniques which can free self-expression from disenchanted ghetto youth and break writer's block among professional free spirits. But Chinese students come from an ethnically homogeneous, group-oriented society which stresses personal modesty. And, as recent events have shown most clearly, self-expression can be dangerous, even deadly, in China. Survival instinct, as well as good taste, inhibit expressing divergent opinions, since the careers of the student and his/her whole family could be destroyed by writing which defies current norms.3 Fortunately, even a basic familiarity with Chinese literary genres and beliefs about writing can help teachers communicate more effectively, as well as opening a new literary world. CHINESE BELIEFS ABOUT WRITING
Chemical investigation of the New England horse chestnut, aesculus hippocastanum

The analysis of the oil from the American species ofAesculus hippocastanum shows the oil to be similar to the European species. The constants reported by Stillesen (11) and Kaufmann and Baltes (6) are of the same order of magnitude as found in this investigation. The same is true of the fatty acid content except in the case of linolenic. European (6) investigators report 2.2% linolenic, and the American species contains only a trace. The oil of the horse chestnut,Aesculus hippocastanum, is of the non-drying type. The approximate percentage composition of the fatty acids of this oil has been found to be stearic, 2.1; palmitic, 4.8; oleic, 65.3; linoleic, 20.2; and a trace of linolenic.
Passive avoidance learning in hippocampectomized rats under different shock and intertrial interval conditions

Abstract Two experiments were run comparing the performance of normal, cortically damaged and hippocampally damaged rats on a passive avoidance task [37]. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that hippocampally damaged rats learn to passively avoid after no more than three consecutive punishment trials. In Experiment 2, the passive avoidance performance of groups of normal, cortically damaged, or hippocampally damaged rats was studied using a factorial combination of two intertrial intervals (60 sec and 60 min) and two shock intensities (1.8 mA and 1.8 mA). Results indicated that the greatest and most persistent deficits in the performance of hippocampally ablated animals occurred in the low shock, short intertrial interval condition. No differences between the performance of hippocampally damaged animals and control animals were found in the high shock, long intertrial interval condition. Performance of the hippocampectomized animals in the remaining groups was poorer than controls, but intermediate between the performance of the hippocampal animals in the aforementioned groups. Results were interpreted as supporting an information processing model of hippocampal function.
Trapping dynamics of diindenoperylene (DIP) in self-assembled monolayers using molecular simulation

All-atom Molecular Dynamics simulation methods employing a well-tested intermolecular potential model, MM3 (Molecular Mechanics 3), demonstrate the propensity for diindenoperylene (DIP) molecules to insert between molecules of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) during a deposition process intended to grow a thin film of this organic semiconductor molecule onto the surface of self-assembled monolayers. The tendency to insert between SAM molecules is fairly prevalent at normal growth temperatures and conditions, but is most strongly dependent on the density and the nature of the SAM. We posit the existence of an optimal density to favor surface adsorption over insertion for this system. DIP is less likely to insert in fluorinated SAMs, like FOTS (fluorooctatrichlorosilane), than its unfluorinated analog, OTS (octatrichlorosilane). It is also less likely to insert between shorter SAMs (e.g., less insertion in OTS than ODTS (octadecyltrichlorosilane)). Very short length, surface-coating molecules, like HDMS (hexamethyldisilazane), are more likely to scatter energetic incoming DIP molecules with little insertion on first impact (depending on the incident energy of the DIP molecule). Grazing angles of incidence of the depositing molecules generally favor surface adsorption, at least in the limit of low coverage, but are shown to be dependent on the nature of the SAM. The validity of these predictions is confirmed by comparison of the predicted sticking coefficients of DIP at a variety of incident energies on OTS, ODTS, and FOTS SAMs with results obtained experimentally by Desai et al. (2010) [23]. The simulation predictions of the tendency of DIP to insert can be explained, in large part, in terms of binding energies between SAM and DIP molecules. However, we note that entropic and stochastic events play a role in the deposition outcomes. Preliminary studies of multiple deposition events, emulating growth, show an unexpected diffusion of DIP molecules inserted within the SAM matrix in a clear attempt of the DIP molecules to aggregate together.
Inflammatory cytokines in a murine model of infection-induced preterm labor: cause or effect?

To characterize the expression of inflammatory cytokines in a murine model of preterm delivery induced by heat-killed bacteria. The right uterine horns of female CD-1 mice on day 14.5 of 19-20 days of gestation were inoculated with either sterile media or killed Excherichia coli bacteria (105-1010 organisms per mouse). The incidence of preterm delivery was recorded. The concentrations of cytokines (itnerleukin [IL-] 1α, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1ra], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]) within maternal and fetal tissue homogenates were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at various times after inoculation. Killed E. coli induced preterm delivery in a dose-dependent fashion. Inoculation with 1010 bacteria (sufficient to cause delivery in all mice) produced increases in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα within uteri and fetal membranes, but not within placentas, fetal bodies, and maternal serum. Maximum mean uterine levels of IL-1 and IL-6 exceeded those of fetal tissues (membranes, placentas, and fetal bodies) by greater than 15-fold. Maximal uterine IL-1 and TNFα levels following inoculation with 1010 bacteria exceeded those that followed inoculation with 107 bacteria (below the threshold for delivery) by 2.5- to 5-fold. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra was expressed in higher concentrations in fetal than in maternal tissues and was unaltered by the bacterial inoculum. E. coli induce labor in mice even in the absence of bacterial viability. Although IL-1 and TNFα were upregulated by bacterial inocula causing delivery, peak levels were only 2.5- to 5-fold higher than those that occurred with inocula below the threshold for delivery (1000-fold fewer bacteria). Whether IL-1 and TNFα mediate labor during in vivo infection, or whether the upregulation of these cytokines merely represents an epiphenomenon accompanying infection, remains unknown.
Thermolytic reactions of polybutadienyllithium

In addition to the expected elimination of lithium hydride, metalation and addition reactions have been observed as competitive, thermolytic reactions of polybutadienyllithium. The importance of these reactions at temperatures frequently utilized for the polymerization of butadiene was illustrated and the effect of these reactions on the macrostructure of polybutadiene determined.
Tolérance de l’hypothermie thérapeutique modérée : son effet sur le système cardiovasculaire néonatal et notamment la circulation pulmonaire et intestinale

We present a study in which we investigated the safety of therapeutic mild hypothermia on the neonatal cardiovascular system. In an attempt to mimic the state of affairs that may follow an hypoxic-ischemic insult, the effect of moderate hypothermia was studied under conditions where cardiovascular integrity was impaired. Newborn piglets where randomized to either receive a thromboxane A2 mimetic or an hypoxic inspiratory gas mixture. Periods of hypothermia (5 degrees C below normothermic level) preceded or were combined with those agents in a random manner. Isolated hypothermia decreased cardiac output by 25%, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance by 48%. Mesenteric blood flow and cerebral blood flow decreased by a similar magnitude (21 and 18% respectively). When hypothermia was combined with alveolar hypoxia or thromboxane, the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (103 and 292% respectively) exceeded the increase produced by the sum of each individual component. In contrast neither hypoxia nor thromboxane potentiates the hypothermia induced decrease in mesenteric blood flow. Ileal mucosal blood flow remained stable for all conditions. We conclude that mild therapeutic hypothermia may be safe in conditions where cardiac function is impaired, but may be more hazardous when severe pulmonary hypertension is present.
Event-Driven Trading and the “New News”

Two information revolutions are underway in trading and investing. Most headlines focus on structured quantitative market information at ever higher frequencies, but the other technology revolution in trading and investing is driven by qualitative, textual, and relationship information. The IBM computer Watson’s overwhelming Jeopardy victory demonstrated how good machines can get at this. News analysis is a focus of language technology in finance. In this article, Leinweber and Sisk include event studies and show U.S. portfolio simulation results for “pure news” signals applied over the period 2006–2009 as well as a true out-of-sample period in 2010, which indicates alpha in excess of 10% a year. The authors also describe other applications of automated qualitative analysis for information-driven social media client relations.
On the stability of legislative outcomes

This paper argues that by arranging vote trades in the face of information costs, legislative committees contribute to the stability of legislative outcomes. A structure of permanent committees and subcommittees facilitates informational specialization and helps legislators acquire experience in their specializations. Committees arrange vote trades by adjusting amounts of recommended spending on separate items in bills that receive majority support. Each legislator is allotted a roughly equal amount of legislative spending that he can influence plus an additional amount that depends on his skill and experience as a committee member.
A novel 6:10 chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma NS-1.

Specific chromosomal abnormalities are regularly associated with many marine and human malignancies1,2. In particular, the majority of murine plasmacytomas and human Burkitt's lymphomas contain a characteristic translocation which results in the juxtaposition of a cellular oncogene, c-myc, with the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene locus3–7, and this rearranged c-myc directs the synthesis of qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal transcripts which may have an aetiological role in the development of the transformed state in lymphoid malignancies8,9. Similarly, rearrangement and abnormal expression of c-myb (ref. 10) and c-mos (ref. 11) has been reported in other murine lymphoid tumours. Here we describe a novel 6:10 chromosomal translocation in the murine plasmacytoma cell line NS-1 which juxtaposes the immunoglobulin Cκ gene with a single-copy sequence of unknown function. The NS-1 plasmacytoma is a frequently used fusion partner in hybridoma production12 and is known to contain a rearranged c-myc gene4,13 and a genetic element which transforms normal mouse fibroblasts in DNA-mediated transfection assays14. We conclude that individual B-cell tumours may contain multiple chromosomal translocations perhaps relevant to oncogenesis.
Iron pigmentation of the gut of germ-free and conventionalized guinea pigs.

Die Autoren berichten uber vergleichend histologische Untersuchungen des Darmkanals zweier Meerschweinchengruppen, die unter keimfreien Bedingungen geboren und gehalten wurden. Die eine Gruppe wurde einmalig mit der Darmflora normaler Tiere infiziert. Die Konzentration von eisenhaltigem Pigment war bei den keimfreien Meerschweinchen geringer als in der infizierten Gruppe, was auf eine Rolle der Bakterien im Eisenmetabolismus hinweisen durfte.
Antigenic properties of recombinant glycosylated and nonglycosylatedPneumocystis carinii glycoprotein A polypeptides expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells

Since a continuous culture system is not yet available for the opportunistic fungal pathogenPneumocystis carinii, obtaining suitable amounts of purifiedP. carinii antigens free of mammalian-host lung contaminants is difficult. Hence, production of recombinant antigen possessing epitopes found in nativeP. carinii antigens is critical for immunological studies. We utilized the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) in insect cells to determine whether B-cell epitopes present in the protein core of a nativeP. carinii surface glycoprotein were conserved in the recombinant polypeptide, and to investigate its glycosylation by insect cells. B-cell epitopes were retained, but the insect cells appeared to hyperglycosylate the recombinant protein.
Effects of Salinity on Growth, Water Relations and Ion Accumulation of the Subtropical Perennial Halophyte, Atriplex griffithii var. stocksii

The effects of salinity on growth, water relations, glycinebetaine content, and ion accumulation in the perennial halophyte Atriplex griffithii var. stocksii were determined. The following questions were addressed: (1) What effect does salinity have on growth responses at different ages? (2) Is A. griffithii an ion accumulator? (3) Does A. griffithii accumulate glycinebetaine in response to salinity? Atriplex griffithii plants were grown in pots at 0, 90, 180 and 360 m m NaCl in sand culture in a plant growth chamber and plants were harvested after 30, 60 and 90 d. Plant total dry weight was significantly inhibited at 360 m m NaCl. Root growth showed a substantial promotion at 90 m m NaCl. The water potential and osmotic potential of shoots became more negative with increasing salinity and time of growth. The Na+and Cl−content in both shoots and roots increased with increases in salinity. Increased treatment levels of NaCl induced decreases in Ca+, K+and Mg2+in plants. Atriplex griffithii accumulated a large quantity of ions, with the ash content reaching 39% of the dry weight in leaves. Inorganic ion accumulation is significant in osmotic adjustment and facilitates water uptake along a soil-plant gradient. Glycinebetaine concentration was low in roots, and in stems it increased with increases in salinity. Total amounts of glycinebetaine in leaves increased with increases in salinity, and its concentration increased substantially at 360 m m NaCl.
Mean field effects in a lattice gas model of ionic space charge

Lattice gas models of the diffuse space charge layer in liquids and in ionic solids with Schottky or Frenkel disorder are considered with and without mean-field charge-interaction corrections. Even without explicit interaction corrections, the lattice gas model, by taking some account of charge carrier size in the liquid case and the actual lattice structure of the material in the case of single crystal solids, predicts a saturation in local charge density at high potentials, unlike the physically less realistic conventional Gouy-Chapman ideal gas, or independent particle model. Both unmodified and modified mean field corrections to the lattice gas basis are discussed and Coulombic interaction terms are considered in detail. The Monte-Carlo results obtained by other workers show that, as expected, the actual mean-field interaction terms required for fitting must be much smaller than those predicted by the unscreened Coulombic interaction. It is suggested that the mean field approach of Gurevich and Kharkats, who introduce an attractive mean field interaction between charges of like sign, is unlikely to be applicable over the entire space charge region of solid electrolyte systems and thus may not provide an explanation for the conductivity instability observed in a-AgSb&. Some possible future directions of investigation for lattice gas models are also briefly discussed. 1. INTRODUCTJON Gurevich and Kharkats (I) (abbreviated hereafter as GK) have recently published a very interesting note in Solid State Communications which indicates that a lattice gas model(2) of space charge in a Frenkel-defect single crystal can, with the addition of mean-field nearest- neighbor interaction terms, exhibit an abrupt change in ionic conductivity as the electric field, or applied poten- tial difference, is increased. For some time we have been independently investigating lattice gas models for space charge with and without mean-field corrections (3-71. Unfortunately, we were ignorant of the earlier work of GK(8-111 in which some of our capacitance results had already been derived(8). Luckily our work supplements theirs since we also consider surface adsorption effects and analyze in more detail then they a system of finite length with one blocking and one ohmic electrode (7). Here we wish to deal with some of the implications of adding mean field interaction terms to the free energy in some specific lattice gas models, taking for simplicity a system with one blocking electrode at x = 0 and an ohmic one at infinity(3-51. As in the earlier work(l-I 11, we shall consider a uni-univalent material with a single negative species of mobile charge, concentration c,, and a single positive species of mobile charge, concentration c2. The lattice gas models to be analyzed are of the liquid (e.g. aqueous electrolyte or possibly fused salt), Schottky defect, and Frenkel defect types. We shall assume in each case a face-centered cubic lattice.
The continuing importance of staphylococci as major hospital pathogens

Rates of hospital-acquired staphylococcal infection have risen substantially in the United States over the last decade. Moreover, it has been shown that bloodstream infections caused by these organisms account for significant morbidity and mortality. It is likely that the changes in medical practice and in types of patient account for these changes, and current antibiotic therapy has helped select more resistant organisms. The increasing use of implantable and temporary medical devices and the increased use of immunosuppressive therapies correlate strongly with the rising incidence of these organisms. Likewise, more patients are predisposed to these infections because of poor immune status and factors favouring colonization. Intrinsic microbiological factors such as glycocalyx production and the presence of bacterial surface proteins allow these organisms to adhere to protein coated foreign bodies and basement membranes thus enabling them to initiate infection and cause disease. Moreover, virulence factors such as encapsulation, slime production and elaboration of extracellular enzymes aid their resistance to host defences. As a group, staphylococci are a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, and species identification is required for both treatment and control.
Critical Role of Platelet P-Selectin in the Response to Arterial Injury in Apolipoprotein-E–Deficient Mice

Objective— Mice deficient in apolipoprotein-E (apoE −/− ) experience severe hypercholesterolemia that is exacerbated by a high-fat Western-type diet and atherosclerotic lesions spontaneously develop. In addition, we have reported that deficiency of P-selectin dramatically protects against neointimal lesion formation after arterial injury in apoE −/− mice. To define the mechanism, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) after lethal irradiation was used to generate apoE −/− chimeric mice deficient in platelet, but not endothelial, P-selectin. Methods and Results— Mice underwent vascular injury and were euthanized 4 weeks later. Absence of platelet P-selectin (pPS) expression in apoE −/− mice after BMT was confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Lack of pPS in apoE −/− mice resulted in a 62% reduction in neointimal area (45 000±27 000 versus 17 000±13 000 μm 2 , P P −/− BMT. Absence of pPS was also associated with a reduction in plaque neovascularization as compared with pPS-competent controls (0/8 versus 3/8, P Conclusions— Lack of pPS significantly attenuates macrophage recruitment and neointimal lesion formation, indicating that pPS on platelets lining the vessel wall plays a critical role in inflammation after wire-withdrawal injury of the carotid artery in apoE −/− mice.
The Effect of Carbon Nanotube Surface Energy on the Adhesion of Macrophages

Purified carbon nanotubes (with removed toxic catalytic particles) have been considered as novel materials for drug delivery and for generating artificial organs more efficiently than traditional tissue engineering materials due to their unique surface features. The surface chemistry of carbon nanotubes has been modified through various functionalization strategies to increase biocompatibility. Importantly, modulating the intrinsic material surface energy of carbon nanotubes (without functionalization, thus, establishing permanent, non degradable chemical, and physical surface properties) can potentially reduce an immune response mediated by macrophages. Herein, we report macrophage responses on different surface energy carbon nanotubes while keeping their nanoscale surface roughness. Specifically, interactions of ultra hydrophobic (bare or unmodified) and hydrophilic carbon nanotubes (due to the formation of oxide layers) with macrophages were investigated. It was observed that macrophage density on both carbon nanotube scaffolds were lower than on traditional materials. In particular, the amount of released cytokine (TNF-α) from macrophages cultured on hydrophilic carbon nanotube scaffolds was much smaller than on hydrophobic carbon nanotube scaffolds. All results clearly supported that tailoring the surface energy of carbon nanotubes mediates a macrophage immune response.
Resurgent and emergent disease in a changing world

Emerging infectious diseases pose important public health problems for both the developed and developing world. Many new or previously unrecognized bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic diseases have emerged within the past two decades. At the same time, many once-controlled infections have re-emerged or become resistant to antimicrobial therapy. This emergence is the result of changes in society, technology, the environment, and the microbes themselves, and these changes have had often unpredictable consequences. Important factors influencing emergence include changes in human demographics and behaviour, changes in technology and industry, changes in economic development and land use, increasing and rapid international travel and commerce, microbial adaptation and change, and the breakdown of public health measures. Addressing emerging infectious diseases will require international and interdisciplinary partnerships to build an appropriate infrastructure to detect and respond to these often unanticipated threats to health.
Alternative fuzzy controller logics

We compare six fuzzy logics used to control a simulated inverted pendulum "plant". Among the six is the standard "Mamdani" fuzzy logic. All systems contain eleven rules and are optimized for fuel economy. Mamdani's logic fares very well in the comparisons, but serious challengers are identified. >
Constrictive Pericarditis with a Calcific Mass Invading into the Right Ventricular Myocardium

We present a rare and unique case of calcific constrictive pericarditis with a calcified pericardial mass invading the right ventricular myocardium. Perioperative two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed the extent and structure of the pericardial mass and led to the repair of the right ventricular free wall as a surgical intervention.
A model of acquiring problem solving expertise

This is a shortened version of a paper describing a computational model of acquiring problem solving expertise through a combination of instruction, analogical reasoning between similar problem types, and problem solving experience. In keeping with psychological studies of problem solving, expertise is defined as the possession of problem schemata which associate solution strategies with problem descriptions, supported by a specialized conceptual vocabulary for describing problems. Problem solving is described as a process of problem understanding which makes liberal use of analogical reasoning in an effort to “connect” novel problems to known solution strategies. Problem schemata and the conceptual vocabulary of which they are constructed are learned in a manner which is incremental, pragmatic, and strongly connected to existing knowledge sources.
Development of radioimmunotherapeutic and diagnostic antibodies : an inside-out view

Only a handful of radiolabeled antibodies (Abs) have gained US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in clinical oncology, including four immunodiagnostic agents and two targeted radioimmunotherapeutic agents. Despite the advent of nonimmunogenic Abs and the availability of a diverse library of radionuclides, progress beyond early Phase II radioimmunotherapy (RIT) studies in solid tumors has been marginal. Furthermore, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose continues to dominate the molecular imaging domain, underscored by a decade-long absence of any newly approved Ab-based imaging agent (none since 1996). Why has the development of clinically successful Abs for RIT been limited to lymphoma? What obstacles must be overcome to allow the FDA approval of immuno-positron emission tomography (immuno-PET) imaging agents? How can we address the unique challenges that have thus far prevented the introduction of Ab-based imaging agents and therapeutics for solid tumors? Many poor decisions have been made regarding radiolabeled Abs, but useful insight can be gained from these mistakes. The following review addresses the physical, chemical, biological, clinical, regulatory and financial limitations that impede the progress of this increasingly important class of drugs.
3D object recognition using shape similiarity-based aspect graph

We present an aspect-graph approach to 3D object recognition where the definition of an aspect is motivated by its role in the subsequent recognition step. Specifically, we measure the similarity between two views by a 2D shape metric of similarity measuring the distance between the projected segmented shapes of the 3D object. This endows the viewing sphere with a metric which is used to group similar views into aspects, and to represent each aspect by a prototype. The same shape similarity metric is then used to rate the similarity between unknown views of unknown objects and stored prototypes to identify the object and its pose. The performance of this approach on a database of 18 objects each viewed in five degree increments along the ground viewing plane is demonstrated.
Ur-Emotions: The Common Feature of Animal Emotions and Socially Constructed Emotions

Comparison of human and animal emotions reveals a fuzzy yet discernible boundary. Their undeniable similarities are more aptly described as ur-emotions than as basic emotions. This article describes how the concept of ur-emotion can be useful to animal researchers as well as to social constructionists by making sense of emotional variation both across species and across cultures.
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita as Part of an Inherited Symptom Complex: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

Two first cousins appear to have an autosomal recessive disorder consisting of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), pterygium colli, congenital cervical spine fusions, and some features of the Eagle-Barrett syndrome. A review of the literature is summarized including the broad concepts of AMC as well as some syndromes in which AMC is but one manifestation.