cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ratio of M/L pigment gene expression decreases with retinal eccentricity

Evidence has accumulated to indicate that, on average, there are about 1.5-2.0 long-wave cones in the human fovea for each middle-wave cone. Much less is known about how the ratio of these cone populations might change with retinal eccentricity. We have examined how the ratio of middle- to long-wave cone pigment mRNA changes with eccentricity in individual human retinas. Retinas were examined from seven male eye donors. Patches of retina, 6 mm in diameter were removed using a trephine at three different eccentricities. mRNA was reverse transcribed, photopigment cDNAs were amplified, and the relative amounts of middle- and long-wave pigment mRNA were determined for each patch. For 6 mm patches centred on the fovea, the average ratio of middle- to long-wave mRNA was about 2:3. This value is similar to the average ratio of middle- to long-wave cones previously estimated for the human fovea. There were significant changes in the cone ratios with increasing eccentricities (p = 0.0004). For patches of retina taken from the most peripheral locations (centred 12 mm eccentric from the fovea), the average middle- to long-wave mRNA ratio decreased to about 1:3. These results can be explained by a decrease in the ratio of middle- to long-wave cone populations with increasing eccentricity from central retina to periphery
Dysphagia Following Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery

The anterior approach to the cervical spine is commonly performed for surgical treatment of cervical disk herniation and spondylosis. In general, this approach is safe and effective with relatively low morbidity. Dysphagia, however, is a commonly reported adverse outcome related to this surgical approach. Overall, the prevalence of dysphagia reported in the literature varies widely from 2 to 60% of cases. 1-23 One recent investigation has demonstrated that postoperative dysphagia is seriously underreported in surgeon records. 2 Edwards and coworkers note that postoperative dysphagia was found in only 11% of cases when based on physician notes compared with 57% of cases when based on patient surveys. The purpose of this article was to review the normal swallowing mechanism and then, in this light, discuss the incidence and etiology of dysphagia following anterior approach to cervical spine surgery. Ways to evaluate and treat postoperative dysphagia are reviewed in the acute and chronic setting. Understanding sources and treatment of dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery hopefully will lead to improve patient outcomes and rehabilitation in this regard.
Patterns of drug use among Mexican Americans.

In this study, patterns of drug use were compared for Mexican American and Anglo narcotic addicts. The Mexican Americans showed much less experimentation in their drug use, with the most typical pattern being first marijuana and then heroin use. These differences are maintained when medical use, social class, and prior delinquency histories are controlled. A speculative hypothesis for these findings concerns cultural differences in the perception of the value of the drugs.
Capacity to trust? Institutional capacity, conflict, and political trust in Africa, 2000–2005:

Civil conflict and state failure has often been linked to breakdowns in regime legitimacy. Trust in government is a critical element of regime legitimacy and the state’s ability to mediate between ...
Accuracy and repeatability of Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) for measuring knee laxity in longitudinal studies

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) can be used to assess temporal changes in anterior-posterior (A-P) knee laxity. However, the accuracy and precision of RSA is dependent on many factors and should be independently evaluated for a particular application. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of RSA for measuring A-P knee laxity. The specific aims were to assess the variation or "noise" inherent to RSA, to determine the reproducibility of RSA for repeated A-P laxity testing, and to assess the accuracy of these measurements. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment utilized three rigid models of the tibiofemoral joint to assess the noise and to compare digitization errors of two independent examiners. No differences were found in the kinematic outputs of the RSA due to examiner, repeated trials, or the model used. In a second experiment, A-P laxity values between the A-P shear load limits of +/-60 N of five cadaver goat knees were measured to assess the error associated with repeated testing. The RSA laxity values were also compared to those obtained from a custom designed linkage system. The mean A-P laxity values with the knee 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees of flexion for the ACL-intact goat knee (+/-95% confidence interval) were 0.8 (+/-0.25), 0.9 (+/-0.29), and 0.4 (+/-0.22) mm, respectively. In the ACL-deficient knee, the A-P laxity values increased by an order of magnitude to 8.8 (+/-1.39), 7.6 (+/-1.32), and 3.1 (+/-1.20)mm, respectively. No significant differences were found between the A-P laxity values measured by RSA and the independent measurement technique. A highly significant linear relationship (r(2)=0.83) was also found between these techniques. This study suggests that the RSA method is an accurate and precise means to measure A-P knee laxity for repeated testing over time.
An 800MHz to 5GHz Software-Defined Radio Receiver in 90nm CMOS

A 90nm CMOS RX operates over the 800MHz to 5GHz band uses a passive FET mixer driven by a capacitively coupled RF transconductor, and a combination of CT and DT analog FIR and MR filters to achieve >100dB of programmable anti-aliasing. The RX chain has 5 to 5.5dB NF, -3.5dBm IIP3, 39dBm IIP2, 10 to 66dB of gain, and draws 11.4mA from 2.5V and 8 to 28mA (depending on RX mode) from 1V
EFFECTS OF RESPONDING TO A NAME AND GROUP CALL ON PRESCHOOLERS' COMPLIANCE

We assessed teacher-child relations with respect to children's name calls, instructions, and compliance in a preschool classroom. The most frequent consequence to a child's name being called was the provision of instructions. We also observed a higher probability of compliance when children attended to a name call. Next, we evaluated the effects of teaching preschoolers to attend to their names and a group call on their compliance with typical instructions. We used a multiple baseline design across subjects and a control-group design to evaluate whether gains in compliance were a function of treatment or routine experience in preschool. Results showed that compliance increased as a function of teaching precursors for all children in the experimental group, and the effects on compliance were maintained despite a reduction of the occurrence of precursors. Moreover, it appeared that precursor teaching, not routine preschool experience, was responsible for the changes in compliance.
Graph-Based Semisupervised Learning

Graph-based learning provides a useful approach for modeling data in classification problems. In this modeling scenario, the relationship between labeled and unlabeled data impacts the construction and performance of classifiers and, therefore, a semisupervised learning framework is adopted. We propose a graph classifier based on kernel smoothing. A regularization framework is also introduced and it is shown that the proposed classifier optimizes certain loss functions. Its performance is assessed on several synthetic and real benchmark data sets with good results, especially in settings where only a small fraction of the data are labeled.
A Computer-Based Measure of Resultant Achievement Motivation

Three experiments were conducted to develop a computer-based measure of individual differences in resultant achievement motivation (RAM) on the basis of level-of-aspiration, achievement motivation, and dynamics-of-action theories. In Experiment 1, the number of atypical shifts and greater responsiveness to incentives on 21 trials with choices among easy, intermediate, and difficult levels of an achievement-oriented game were positively correlated and were found to differentiate the 62 subjects (31 men, 31 women) on the amount of time they spent at a nonachievement task (watching a color design) 1 week later. In Experiment 2, test-retest reliability was established with the use of 67 subjects (15 men, 52 women). Point and no-point trials were offered in blocks, with point trials first for half the subjects and no-point trials first for the other half. Reliability was higher for the atypical-shift measure than for the incentive-responsiveness measure and was higher when points were offered first. In Experiment 3, computer anxiety was manipulated by creating a simulated computer breakdown in the experimental condition. Fifty-nine subjects (13 men, 46 women) were randomly assigned to the experimental condition or to one of two control conditions (an interruption condition and a no-interruption condition). Subjects with low RAM, as demonstrated by a low number of typical shifts, took longer to choose the achievement-oriented task, as predicted by the dynamics-of-action theory. The difference was evident in all conditions and most striking in the computer-breakdown condition. A change of focus from atypical to typical shifts is discussed.
Use of concurrency enhancement in off-line schedule construction

To improve the performance of programs composed of abstract data types (ADTs), a parallel execution model is used to exploit concurrency at the method level. Typically, an ADT instance is used to manage more than one variable, and there may be contention for getting access to the ADT instance if multiple variables need to be accessed concurrently. To resolve the contention, the ADT instance is cloned, and the copies are placed in different processors so that the multiple copies can be used concurrently. To exploit automatically the concurrency available via ADT instance cloning, we analyze program dependence relations. Not only control and data dependence but also instance dependence is analyzed to reveal dependence relations among method calls and to determine the clonability of each ADT instance. The focus of this paper is the use of our ADT cloning techniques to help ease the task of off-line scheduling in hard-real-time systems. Cloning and ARPCs are applied repeatedly to increase concurrency within processes missing deadlines, thus reducing their execution times. >
Operational Energy Analysis of Plasmonic Imaging Lithography

Plasmonic imaging lithography (PIL) is a new direct-write lithograghy process based on disk drive technology. Using the benchmark of similarly scaled masked and maskless lithography processes, this paper evaluates the operational energy use of PIL, as a component of manufacturing and environmental impact analysis. This study serves two purposes: to inform the sustainable development of this emerging technology, and to identify PIL as most appropriate for prototyping or highly agile manufacturing of 11 or fewer wafers per design change.
Sleep Disorders and Sleep Promotion in Nursing Practice

Winner of a 2011 American Journal of Nursing Book-of-the-Year award and holder of four stars from Doody's Book Reviews, this manual compiles chapters from 28 leading experts on the subject of sleep...
Modified Anti-windup compensators for stable plants: Dynamic Anti-windup case

This note considers the popular Anti-windup design problem for linear systems with saturating actuators. The main contribution of this paper is providing the synthesis LMIs to obtain the gains of the dynamic Anti-Windup compensator in a structure that delays the activation of the Anti-Windup. The basic idea is to apply Anti-Windup when the performance of saturated system faces substantial degradation. Benefits of the proposed design method over the immediate activation of the Anti-Windup are demonstrated using a well-known example.
Point-of-view: custom information delivery via hand-held devices

Socially, hand-held devices are becoming ubiquitous; technologically, they are already in a position to mediate access to online news. We argue that current frameworks for news delivery to hand-helds, typically involving transcoding methods by remote proxies layered over generic summarisation techniques are not well suited to the task. This work addresses two questions in this context: the specialised transcoding strategy for a well-defined sub-type of content, namely that of primarily text-based news documents, and the emergence of a summary-for-a-hand-held genre, which exploits advanced linguistic analysis to meet the particular requirements of news skimming on hand-helds. Directly related is the issue of how novel methods for deriving context- and profile-sensitive document abstractions interact with novel metaphors for mediating these abstractions on the basis of who, where, and when is using them.
Clinical Outcomes of Depressed Clients: A Review of Current Literature

The purpose of this paper is to review current literature reporting clinical outcomes of depressed clients who are treated by advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APPN), primary care providers, and other mental health care providers. The APPN has always been prepared to provide both individual and group psychotherapy. Now the role has expanded to include prescriptive authority and an increased focus on the psycho-neurobiological aspects of treatment. To date, there are limited outcomes studies of APPN care. A computer search of research publications was conducted, which yielded 50 articles. After careful review of each, four quantitative studies were retained. The search was expanded to include other disciplines; ten additional studies were included.
Postischemic inflammatory syndrome: a critical mechanism of progression in diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes is a major epidemic, and diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Two critical components of diabetic nephropathy are persistent inflammation and chronic r...
FREE-LIVING MALE MOUNTAIN WHITE-CROWNED SPARROWS EXHIBIT TERRITORIAL AGGRESSION WITHOUT MODULATING TOTAL OR FREE PLASMA TESTOSTERONE

Abstract ABSTRACT In some species, expression of territorial aggression is accompanied by a rise in testosterone secretion, but in others aggressive behavior is expressed while testosterone levels remain unchanged. Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binds both corticosterone and testosterone in avian plasma. Thus, increasing corticosterone may result in fluctuations in unbound (“free”) testosterone; this could result in greater biological activity of testosterone without an increase in testosterone secretion. We investigated whether such plasma interactions of testosterone, corticosterone, and CBG might result in alterations of free testosterone in male Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha). We conducted simulated territorial intrusions during incubation and compared total and free testosterone of males captured immediately following a simulated territorial intrusion with that of males captured passively. All experimental males showed aggressive behavior, but apparently did ...
Historical Inquiry in an Informal Fan Community: Online Source Usage and the TV Show The Tudors

This article examines an informal online community dedicated to The Tudors, a historical television show, and the ways in which its members engaged with a variety of sources in their discussions of the drama’s real-life past. Data were collected over a 5-month period. The analysis included the types of sources used in conversation; members’ purpose for invoking and reaction to sources; as well as topic, participation, and response patterns in the discussion forum. The community is a space in which popular culture and the discipline of history meet. Members come together because of a fictional depiction of the past, yet a desire to corroborate, clarify, contextualize, or uncover what really happened leads users to participate in detective-like inquiry work and the learning of new topics they had not previously considered. Members also challenge and critique one another’s positions and the sources other members invoke in multiple ways, including by using more formal disciplinary heuristics in this informal ...
CoINcIDE: A framework for discovery of patient subtypes across multiple datasets

Patient disease subtypes have the potential to transform personalized medicine. However, many patient subtypes derived from unsupervised clustering analyses on high-dimensional datasets are not replicable across multiple datasets, limiting their clinical utility. We present CoINcIDE, a novel methodological framework for the discovery of patient subtypes across multiple datasets that requires no between-dataset transformations. We also present a high-quality database collection, curatedBreastData, with over 2,500 breast cancer gene expression samples. We use CoINcIDE to discover novel breast and ovarian cancer subtypes with prognostic significance and novel hypothesized ovarian therapeutic targets across multiple datasets. CoINcIDE and curatedBreastData are available as R packages.
If it were only that simple

This editorial refers to ‘The impact of atrial fibrillation type on the risk of thromboembolism, mortality, and bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis’[†][1], by A.N. Ganesan et al ., on page 1591. As a group, we physicians are highly organized. Organization allows us to categorize diseases, better understand their mechanisms, formulate therapeutic algorithms, etc. With particular respect to atrial fibrillation, organization has led us to categorize it as paroxysmal vs. non-paroxysmal, or paroxysmal vs. persistent vs. long-standing persistent vs. permanent. Such categorization promotes specific considerations regarding presentations, prognosis, and therapy. However, to date, such categorization has not been a determinant regarding anticoagulation. Current guidelines lump all atrial fibrillation types together in terms of anticoagulation, with the major determinants being associated co-morbidities translated into risk marker scores (e.g., CHA2DS2-VASc, representing congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, prior stroke or systemic embolism, vascular disease, and gender in a point system risk marker score). Important, then, is the article by Ganesan et al. 1 in this issue of the journal where morbidity and mortality outcomes are reported to be worse for non-paroxysmal vs. paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (though demographic differences may also have been at play). Notably, there were no group differences in bleeding rates. The authors suggest that the latter indicates that more advanced co-morbid conditions in the non-paroxysmal patients did not explain their thrombo-embolism/mortality results because if these were the main factors, then increased bleeding with non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation should also have been … [1]: #fn-2
Keeping 2D materials visible even buried in SoI wafers

In order to protect optoelectronic and mechanical properties of atomically thin layered materials (ATLMs) fabricated over SiO 2 /Si substrates, a secondary oxide or nitride layer can be capped over. However, such protective capping might decrease ATLMs’ visibility dramatically. Similar to the early studies conducted for graphene, we numerically determine optimum thicknesses both for capping and underlying oxide layers for strongest visibility of monolayer MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , and WSe 2 in different regions of visible spectrum. We find that the capping layer should not be thicker than 60 nm. Furthermore the optimum capping layer thickness value can be calculated as a function of underlying oxide thickness, and vice versa.
Simulation of the Dynamics of a Short Tethered Satellite System

This study investigates the dynamics of a short tethered satellite system composed of two satellites joined by a ten-meter tether. Despite the many studies in the literature regarding tethered satellites and their dynamics, none that specifically concern “short” tethers have been located to date. Equations of motion are derived and numerically integrated to produce the tether tension, system attitude, orbit, and libration characteristics. Techniques have been implemented which add corrections to the integrated states and help reduce longterm simulation errors. Also considered are the effects of perturbations due to the Earth’s geopotential, solar and lunar gravity, aerodynamic drag and solar radiation pressure.
Modelling the additivity of perceived exertion in symmetric, mid-sagittal lifting

Psychophysical approaches to quantifying perceived effort have been used to evaluate the physical demand of many industrial work activities. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between ratings of whole-body perceived exertion and differentiated, regional ratings of exertion. The Borg, CR-10 scale was used by 16 subjects performing a simulated repetitive lifting task. Ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for the arms, legs, torso, and central (cardiorespiratory) effort sensations as well as a rating of overall, whole-body exertion. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the whole-body rating of exertion from the differentiated ratings in lifting tasks using both a squat and stoop posture. In the stoop posture condition the coefficient of determination between whole-body perceived exertion and the model including arm, torso, and central ratings was R2=0.81. In the squat posture condition, the final regression model predicting whole-body exertion contained only t...
A hybrid non-reflective boundary technique for efficient simulation of guided waves using local interaction simulation approach

Local interaction simulation approach (LISA) is a highly parallelizable numerical scheme for guided wave simulation in structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper addresses the issue of simulating wave propagation in unbounded domain through the implementation of non-reflective boundary (NRB) in LISA. In this study, two different categories of NRB, i.e., the non-reflective boundary condition (NRBC) and the absorbing boundary layer (ABL), have been investigated in the parallelized LISA scheme. For the implementation of NRBC, a set of general LISA equations considering the effect from boundary stress is obtained first. As a simple example, the Lysmer and Kuhlemeyer (L-K) model is applied here to demonstrate the easiness of NRBC implementation in LISA. As a representative of ABL implementation, the LISA scheme incorporating the absorbing layers with increasing damping (ALID) is also proposed, based on elasto-dynamic equations considering damping effect. Finally, an effective hybrid model combining L-K and ALID methods in LISA is developed, and guidelines for implementing the hybrid model is presented. Case studies on a three-dimensional plate model compares the performance of hybrid method to that of L-K and ALID acting independently. The simulation results demonstrate that best absorbing efficiency is achieved with the hybrid method.
Optimization of digoxigenin in situ hybridization detection of neuropeptide Y expression

AIM: To optimize Digoxigenin (Dig) in situ hybridization (ISH) detection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in mouse hippocampus. METHODS: The Dig labeled RNA anti sense and sense probes for NPY were prepared by in vitro transcription. Kainic acid (KA) was taken to induce NPY expression in the mouse hippocampus. Mice were sacrificed 2 hs after KA injection and sections of 12 μm thickness were used for analysis. The influence of different pH of the fixative, different fixation time, different pre hybridization treatment, and different pre hybridization and hybridization solutions were compared. RESULTS: Different pH of the fixative from 7.5 to 9.5 did not have noticeable influence on the hybridization signals. Thirty minute fixation time was enough to obtain good result. Pre hybridization treatment with Triton X 100 or mild digestion by proteinase K (PK) resulted in reduced tissue preservation and signal intensity compared to the untreated section. Salmon sperm DNA of 40 mg/L or 250 mg/L of bakers yeast RNA was sufficient to avoid background problem as did Denhardts solution. CONCLUSION: A simple and effective protocol is developed for Dig ISH detection of NPY expression.
Environmental Provisions in the Constitutions of Uruguay and Argentina Affecting Water Resource Management

This chapter identifies the similarities and differences between the existing constitutional and legislative environmental regimes in Uruguay and Argentina, with attention being paid to aspects that may be reflected in the management of water resources.
Iatrogenic Subclinical Hyperthyroidism Does Not Promote Weight Loss.

Objectives Among patients who have undergone total thyroidectomy, do those with thyroid cancer being kept iatrogenically subclinical hyperthyroid (SCH) differ from euthyroid patients in long-term weight change? Methods In a retrospective study, medical records identified 291 patients who had undergone a thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer or benign thyroid disease. Weight, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and levothyroxine dose were measured presurgery and 1, 2, and 3 years postsurgery. Results Of 291 patients, 147 were in the SCH group and 144 were in the euthyroid group. At all 3 years both groups gained weight from baseline, but the two groups did not differ in weight change from baseline at any time period: year 1 (SCH mean 0.4% ± 6.2% weight gain vs euthyroid group mean 2.2% ± 6.6% weight gain; P = 0.12), year 2 (SCH mean 1.1% ± 9.1% weight gain vs euthyroid mean 2.9% ± 7.8% weight gain; P = 0.22), and year 3 (SCH mean 2.6% ± 9.2% weight gain vs euthyroid mean 3.1% ± 11.1% weight gain; P = 0.49). Conclusions Among total thyroidectomy patients, weight change did not differ between SCH patients and euthyroid patients at years 1 through 3. As such, the use of levothyroxine to induce SCH did not lead to long-term weight change when compared with euthyroid patients.
Poisson-Gamma dynamical systems

This paper presents a dynamical system based on the Poisson-Gamma construction for sequentially observed multivariate count data. Inherent to the model is a novel Bayesian nonparametric prior that ties and shrinks parameters in a powerful way. We develop theory about the model's infinite limit and its steady-state. The model's inductive bias is demonstrated on a variety of real-world datasets where it is shown to learn interpretable structure and have superior predictive performance.
Association between serotonin denervation and resting‐state functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment

Resting-state functional connectivity alterations have been demonstrated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the observation of AD neuropathology, but mechanisms driving these changes are not well understood. Serotonin neurodegeneration has been observed in MCI and AD and is associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the role of the serotonin system in relation to brain network dysfunction has not been a major focus of investigation. The current study investigated the relationship between serotonin transporter availability (SERT; measured using positron emission tomography) and brain network functional connectivity (measured using resting-state functional MRI) in 20 participants with MCI and 21 healthy controls. Two SERT regions of interest were selected for the analysis: the Dorsal Raphe Nuclei (DRN) and the precuneus which represent the cell bodies of origin and a cortical target of projections of the serotonin system, respectively. Both regions show decreased SERT in MCI compared to controls and are the site of early AD pathology. Average resting-state functional connectivity did not differ between MCI and controls. Decreased SERT in DRN was associated with lower hippocampal resting-state connectivity in MCI participants compared to controls. Decreased SERT in the right precuneus was also associated with lower resting-state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and higher resting-state connectivity of the retrosplenial cortex to the posterior cingulate and in patients with MCI but not in controls. These results suggest that a serotonergic mechanism may underlie changes in brain functional connectivity in MCI. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3391-3401, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Why Baseline Modelling is Better than Null-Hypothesis Testing: Examples from Research About International Management, Developing Countries, and Emerging Markets

Purpose – This chapter reports on a rapidly growing trend in data analysis – analytic comparisons between baseline models and explanatory models. Baseline models estimate values for the dependent variable in the absence of hypothesized causal effects. Thus, the baseline models discussed in this chapter differ from the baseline models commonly used in sequential regression analyses. Baseline modeling entails iteration: (1) Researchers develop baseline models to capture key patterns in the empirical data that are independent of the hypothesized effects. (2) They compare these patterns with the patterns implied by their explanatory models. (3) They use the derived insights to improve their explanatory models. (4) They iterate by comparing their improved explanatory models with modified baseline models. Methodology/approach – The chapter draws on methodological literature in economics, applied psychology, and the philosophy of science to point out fundamental features of baseline modeling. Examples come from research in international business and management, emerging market economies, and developing countries. Findings – Baseline modeling offers substantial advantages for theory development. Although analytic comparisons with baseline models originated in some research fields as early as the 1960s, they have not been widely discussed or applied in international management. Practical implications – Baseline modeling takes a more inductive and iterative approach to modeling and theory development. Originality/value of paper – Because baseline modeling holds substantial potential, international-management scholars should explore its opportunities for advancing scientific progress.
Lightness computation by the human visual system

A model of achromatic color computation by the human visual system is presented, which is shown to account in an exact quantitative way for a large body of appearance matching data collected with simple visual displays. The model equations are closely related to those of the original Retinex model of Land and McCann. However, the present model differs in important ways from Land and McCann’s theory in that it invokes additional biological and perceptual mechanisms, including contrast gain control, different inherent neural gains for incremental, and decremental luminance steps, and two types of top-down influence on the perceptual weights applied to local luminance steps in the display: edge classification and spatial integration attentional windowing. Arguments are presented to support the claim that these various visual processes must be instantiated by a particular underlying neural architecture. By pointing to correspondences between the architecture of the model and findings from visual neurophysiology, this paper suggests that edge classification involves a top-down gating of neural edge responses in early visual cortex (cortical areas V1 and/or V2) while spatial integration windowing occurs in cortical area V4 or beyond.
Regularities of Thermal Diffusion Saturation with Nitrogen Combined with Standard Heat Treatment of VT22 Titanium Alloy

We establish the regularities of the thermal diffusion saturation of VT22 two-phase titanium alloy with nitrogen combined with standard heat treatment. The kinetic specific features of the nitriding of VT22 (α + β)-alloy caused by the temperature and time parameters of treatment are analyzed. The influence of these parameters on the phase-structural state of the material and its relationship with the level of subsurface hardening and the depth of nitrided layer are determined
Meeting with Great January: an archetypal interpretation of the Slovak fairytale “The Twelve Months”*

ABSTRACTThe Slovak fairy tale “The Twelve Months” is a variant of the international tale type known as “The Kind and the Unkind Girls” (AA-TH 480), of which Charles Perrault’s “Les Fees” or Andrew Lang’s “Toads and Diamonds” may be the most widely known versions. While this story may initially appear to be about sibling rivalry, or female individuation, or dysfunctional family relations, from an archetypal perspective, this story is about an encounter with the mysterium tremendum et fascinans. Retold within the context of this tribute issue to Leland Roloff, “The Twelve Months” may be read as an allegory for his teaching.
Make No Mistake? Exploring Cognitive and Perceptual Effects of Grammatical Errors in News Articles:

Using four between-subjects experiments (N1 = 106, N2 = 166, N3 = 159, and N4 = 164), this project tests the ways audiences process grammatical errors in news articles. In all, results suggest that readers perceive stories with grammatical errors to be lower in quality, credibility, and informativeness, but the number of errors needed is relatively large. Analysis shows amplified effects for people who report concern about grammar, and, to a lesser degree, people with knowledge of grammar rules. Given these results, the findings suggest a nonlinear, nonuniversal effect of grammatical errors on readers of news articles.
Statistical degradation modeling and prognostics of multiple sensor signals via data fusion: A composite health index approach

Nowadays multiple sensors are widely used to simultaneously monitor the degradation status of a unit. Because those sensor signals are often correlated and measure different characteristics of the ...
Comparison of Self-Reported and Behavioral Pain Assessment Tools in Critically Ill Patients.

Background:Self-reported and behavioral pain assessment scales are often used interchangeably in critically ill patients due to fluctuations in mental status. The correlation between scales is not ...
A Randomized Trial of Acceptability and Effects of Values-Based Advance Care Planning in Outpatient Oncology: Person-Centered Oncologic Care and Choices.

Abstract Context No standard advance care planning (ACP) process exists in oncology. We previously developed and validated the values questions for Person-Centered Oncologic Care and Choices (P-COCC), a novel ACP intervention combining a patient values interview with an informational care goals video. Objectives To pilot-study acceptability and, using randomization, explore potential utility of P-COCC. Methods Eligibility included patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer cared for at a comprehensive cancer center. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to P-COCC vs. video alone vs. usual care, respectively. Validated assessments of well-being and decisional conflict were completed. Participants in the P-COCC arm also completed three Likert scales (was the intervention helpful, comfortable, and recommended to others); a positive score of at least 1 of 3 indicated acceptability. Results Patients were screened from 9/2014 to 11/2016; 151 were consented and randomized, 99 whom completed study measures (most common attrition reason: disease progression or death). The primary aim was met: Among 33 participants, P-COCC was acceptable to 32 (97%, 95% CI: 0.84–0.99, P Conclusion Our values-based ACP paradigm is acceptable but may increase distress in cancer outpatients. Further studies are investigating the underpinnings of these effects and ways to best support cancer patients in ACP.
Dynamical Phenomena on Lymphocyte Membranes

The concept of a fluid membrane (Singer and Nicholson, 1972) with laterally mobile lipid and protein constituents has had considerable impact upon recent directions in immunological experimentation. In the past six years much has been learned of the general organization of the lymphocyte plasma membrane, and there is currently considerable effort being expended to develop an understanding of the structure and function of its components. Of particular interest is the finding that cellular receptors can be redistributed upon binding antigen.
Molecular Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular imaging has traditionally visualized anatomic structure. Yet, we have increasing knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis and its complications. This chapter provides a primer of molecular imaging of atherosclerosis, with particular emphasis on probing the coronary arteries. Most approaches to molecular imaging involve a bifunctional agent—containing a moiety that targets a specific molecular or cellular target, coupled to a moiety that permits visualization by imaging technologies that include magnetic resonance, radionuclide detection, ultrasound, and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). Each modality offers strengths, but also entails weaknesses. Isotopic approaches, for example, offer great sensitivity but generally lack precise localization. Optical approaches, such as NIRF, have undergone considerable experimental development for molecular imaging of atherosclerosis. For human coronary artery imaging, however, tissue penetration severely limits external optical imaging. Thus, for coronary arterial applications, NIRF will require intra-arterial approaches. Imaging targets identified by basic research include endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis, glucose uptake, angiogenesis, calcification, apoptosis, protease activity, and lipid accumulation. Molecular imaging of the coronary arteries has approached the threshold of clinical application despite translational challenges, and should prove a new window on biologic function, adding to the information available from traditional anatomically based modalities.
Thyroid Nodules: Approaches to Diagnosis and Management

Nodules frequently occur in classic endocrine organs such as the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary. Evaluation of unrelated clinical problems with increasing use of ever-improving imaging techniques has led to recognition of incidental nodules in most endocrine glands, including the thyroid. Most nodules are benign. The prevalence of nodules is highest in the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules constitute a common, significant, and evolving part of clinical endocrine practice, with continuing controversies. Over the years, the approach to thyroid nodules has become more effective, with acceptance and increased appropriate use of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. Furthermore, randomized clinical trials of levothyroxine (T4) suppression therapy, with careful documentation of adverse effects, have ensured appropriate use of this option. We describe the prevalence, clinical evaluation, and diagnostic testing of thyroid nodules and review management guidelines, including percutaneous alcohol injection. Also, we discuss thyroid incidentalomas, pediatric thyroid nodules, and management of irradiated thyroid.
Tutorial on the use of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in IS Research

This tutorial will discuss a set of guidelines for conducting a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study in IS research. Given the increased interest in using neuroimaging tools in the IS discipline, this tutorial aims at presenting the key steps needed to conduct an fMRI study. The tutorial will capture the four key steps needed to undertake an fMRI study: (1) formulating the research question, (2) designing the fMRI protocol, (3) analyzing fMRI data, and (4) interpreting fMRI results. These steps will be illustrated with several comparative studies between psychometric self-reported measures of various IS constructs with their corresponding brain activations when subjects responded to the psychometric measures of these constructs while their brain activity was captured in an fMRI scanner. This tutorial will also discuss the extent and meaning of the correlations between the psychometric measures and the corresponding brain activations, drawing comparisons among these correlations in the more affective versus the more cognitive areas of the brain. The relative predictive power of brain and self-reported data will also be discussed. Finally, detailed guidelines for designing high-quality fMRI studies and for capturing the full descriptive and predictive power of brain data will be derived. Workshop Leader Information (Please attach a copy of your resume in your email submission) Name: Angelika Dimoka Affiliation: Fox School of Business, Temple University Postal Address: Alter Hall 510, 1801 Liacouras Walk, Philadelphia PA 19123 Telephone: Cell: 213-327-6161 Fax: Email: angelika@temple.edu Additional Workshop Presenters (copy for each one) Name: Affiliation: Postal Address: Telephone: Cell: Fax:
Strangely Moved: Appetitive Souls in Plato

Plato used the soul to explain motivations in humans and other life. He provided the first clear delineation of vegetable, animal, and rational life, attributing souls or soul aspects to each. The appetitive soul, present in all living things, drives desires of the flesh. The spirited soul, present in animals, allows them to move and be moved. The rational soul, present in humans, seeks wisdom and proportion. All three reflect a continuum connecting changeable matter (the world of becoming) to ideal forms. All three have physical aspects, though the rational soul aspired to perfect, eternal life. Plato’s system featured both mortal and immortal souls, but his immortal, rational souls and accounts of the afterlife have received the most attention.
cfDNA mutation frequency in early stage breast cancer.

e23047Background: Though 93% of patient present with early stage breast cancer (EBC), metastatic recurrence is expected in 7-13%. To prevent estrogen receptor (ER) positive disease recurrence, endo...
Tear dynamics under scleral lenses.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate post-lens tear dynamics at two different time points during scleral lens wear in two cohorts with 10 neophytes each. Methods All subjects wore bilaterally scleral lenses for 5 h on 3 separate visits. Post-lens tear exchange was measured using Out-in method, which required 5 μL of 2% FITC-Dextran instilled on the bulbar conjunctiva during lens wear. Time taken to observe the first sign of fluorescence in post-lens tear reservoir was recorded with a stopwatch. Out-in measurements were collected at 5-hour post-lens insertion in Group 1 and compared with those obtained at 20 min of lens wear in Group 2. Tear dynamics under the lens was observed in Group 2 with fluorogram using a modified slit-lamp technique (Tan et al., 2018) to monitor post-lens fluorescence intensity and with high-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography (ENVISU 2300; Bioptigen Inc.) to measure post-lens tear thickness (PoLTT) over 5 h of lens wear. Results 60% of subjects in Group 1 achieved Out-in times less than 5 min at 5-hour post-lens insertion, compared with 67% of subjects at 20-min lens wear (Tan et al., 2018). Using qualitative analysis on 60 series of data in Group 2 to compare the changes in fluorescence intensity and PoLTT with respect to lens-wearing time, 27% was due to lens settling, 13% was due to tear exchange and mixing while 60% indicated tear dynamics under scleral lenses was due to a combination of tear exchange, mixing, and lens settling. Conclusion Tear flow into tear reservoir under a scleral lens on subjects with healthy cornea occurred at 20 min and 5 h after lens insertion. After 5 h of lens wear, roughly one third of the subjects had no tear flow into post-lens reservoir, as the observed decline in post-lens tear fluorescence was predominately due to lens settling.
Intrauterine Device Insertion Procedure Duration in Adolescent and Young Adult Women

Abstract Study Objective Intrauterine device (IUD) utilization in the United States is low among adolescent and young adult women. Longer procedure duration has been proposed as one potential barrier to IUD insertion in this population. We hypothesized that procedure duration would be longer in adolescents compared to young adult women. Design, Setting, and Participants This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of a lidocaine vs sham paracervical nerve block for pain control during levonorgestrel 13.5 mg IUD insertion. Adolescent and young adult women ages 14-22 years were recruited from 3 outpatient academic sites in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures Pain scores were recorded at 7 steps during the procedure from speculum insertion through removal. Time stamps associated with each step were used to calculate the overall procedure duration. Cumulative IUD insertion procedure duration was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results Ninety-five women enrolled. Nineteen (19/95, 20%) were ages 14-17 and 76 (76/95, 80%) were ages 18-22 years. The median procedure duration (seconds ± interquartile range) was longer for adolescents than for young adults (555 ± 428 seconds vs 383 ± 196 seconds; P = .008). After adjusting for study site, the difference in expected median procedure duration between age groups was not significant (P = .3832). Conclusion The difference in duration of IUD insertion procedures in adolescent and young adult women is not clinically or statistically significant. Providers should not withhold IUDs from appropriate adolescent and young adult women on the basis of age alone.
Using Microlearning and Social Learning to Improve Teachers’ Instructional Design Skills: A Mixed Methods Study of Technology Integration in Teacher Professional Development

The purpose of this mixed-method study was to test the usefulness of a new technology-based instructional design, using microlearning and social learning, to improve employee skills on the job. Researchers collected data from professionals responsible for instructional design at their workplace ( N =51). Participants engaged in a fully on-line training at a time convenient to them over a two-week period. A learning management system supported the content delivery. A social learning component included video demonstrations of the content and participants asynchronously sharing their learning with other participants. Researchers performed follow-up interviews ( N =10) to develop a deeper understanding of the participants’ perceptions and to validate self-reports collected in a Likert-style quantitative survey. Participants created work samples used as evidence of their learning from the training. Three themes emerged from the qualitative analyses including, participants wanted training that provided skills useful immediately on the job, sought to expand their perspectives by learning from others, and to expand their skills in their craft beyond those of other designers. Participants’ reported that opportunities to share their learning with others made the learning “more personal” and provided a “bigger picture,” or broader perspective. Participants’ reported the instructional design increased their motivation to engage the content and that their skills improved. Positive reports of the effectiveness of the microlearning component were not consistent, however, with the statistical results. There was a significant negative correlation between microlearning and the social learning component and the dependent variable of the study, participants’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the instructional design.
Lifetime exposure to abuse, current stressors, and health in federally qualified health center patients

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of lifetime exposure to abuse and current stressors on health, an integrative concept of physical, mental and social health, among pati...
Accounting for Same-Sex Divorce: Relationship- Vs. Self-Focused Divorce Accounts and the Meanings of Marriage among Gays and Lesbians

To date, few empirical studies on same-sex divorce have been published. This paper presents a grounded theory analysis of in-depth interviews with a small convenience sample of six divorced gays an...