cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Processing of Weight and Emotional Information in Disordered Eating

Numerous theories propose a role for cognitive processing in disordered eating, but clinical scientists have yet to capitalize fully on the wealth of approaches developed by quantitative cognitive scientists when evaluating such theories. This article describes research that uses well-established and theoretically rich cognitive science approaches to demonstrate that women who struggle with disordered eating, relative to their peers, exhibit differential processing of other women’s emotional and weight information presented in photo stimuli. More generally, this work illustrates the portability of cognitive science approaches to the study of clinically relevant individual differences in complex, socially relevant processing.
Bradykinin receptor modulation in vein grafts.

Following vein grafting, bradykinin B2 receptor-mediated responses in the vein graft are decreased and BI receptor-mediated responses are increased. It is not known whether these changes in bradykinin receptor responses are due to nonspecific changes, local inflammation, or arterial hemodynamics. Four experimental tissue models were studied to discriminate among these possibilities. Twelve New Zealand White rabbits underwent excision of native vein (n = 4), external jugular veno-venous bypass (n = 4), or common carotid veno-arterial bypass (n = 4). Grafts and unoperated contralateral jugular veins (n = 4) were harvested at 28 days postoperatively, Isometric tension studies were performed on four rings from each vein and vein graft. The responses to bradykinin. a 82 agonist (BK; 10-12 to 10-5 M) and des-Arg9-bradykinin, a B1 agonist (DABK; 10-12 to 10-5 M) were recorded. Compared to native veins, the results show a progressive attenuation in BK sensitivity in contralateral veins, veno-venous grafts, and ve...
Gauge Symmetry Hierarchies

It is shown that one cannot artifically establish a gauge hierarchy of any desired magnitude by arbitrarily adjusting the scalar-field parameters in the Lagrangian and using the tree approximation to the potential; radiative corrections will set an upper bound on such a hierarchy. If the gauge coupling constant is approximately equal to the electromagnetic coupling constant, the upper bound on the ratio of vector-meson masses is of the order of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$, independent of the sclar-field masses and their self-couplings. In particular, the usual assumption that large scalar-field mass ratios in the Lagrangian can induce large vector-meson mass ratios is false. A thus far unsuccessful search for natural gauge hierarchies is briefly discussed. It is shown that if such a hierarchy occurred, it would have an upper bound of the order of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$.
Standardizing Low Back Management

To the Editor: I read with great interest the article by Delitto et al titled “A Treatment-Based Classification Approach to Low Back Syndrome: Identifying and Staging Patients for Conservative Treatment” (June 1995). After having perused this article and after having used an earlier similar classification approach advocated by these individuals, my opinion is that this system (which is the outgrowth of many schools of thought) quite simply is the most comprehensive approach to low back syndrome management devised to date. The article poses questions to be answered, not merely from a scientific standpoint, but from a professional survival perspective as well. We are often criticized as a profession (both internally and externally) for having insufficient research data to validate our treatment methodology.… [ ARTICLE][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/75/470?iss=6
Integrative systems: assessing requirements and capabilities for intra- and inter-organizational contexts

Of the several major functions of management (planning, control, etc.), integration remains the least well-elaborated in terms of its technical implications. It has been dealt with primarily as an aspect of formal organization theory where, naturally enough, the focus is on integrative requirements, deficiencies, and remedies that are essentially structural or configurational in nature. In contrast, the emphasis in these pages is instrumental, focused mainly on the relationship between technical requirements and technical capabilities. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part works through a generalized conceptual framework that will hopefully provide some meaningful insights into the origin and nature of integrative requirements. In the second part is proposed a four-part taxonomy of technically significant integrative modes. In the third part, arguments about the apparent reach and limits of currently available integrative instruments are presented. The final part suggests some ways in which implications drawn from the technical perspective might perhaps usefully complement integrative inquiries undertaken by management and transaction theorists.
Compensatory increase in adrenal weight and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity after unilateral adrenalectomy: experimental evidence for a pineal-dependent contribution.

AbstractChanges in adrenal weight and adrenomedullary dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) activity following either unilateral adrenalectomy and pinealectomy separately or both operations combined were examined in adult male rats. Animals were acclimated in continuously darkened animal quarters from 10 days prior to surgery to sacrifice 10 days postoperatively. Adrenal DBH activity was measured by a coupled radioenzymatic method. Compensatory adrenal hypertrophy following unilateral adrenalectomy was associated with a significant increase in adrenal DBH activity. However, when unilateral adrenalectomy was combined with pinealectomy, this change in DBH activity no longer occurred. Pinealectomy alone did not bring about any alteration in adrenal DBH activity. Absolute and relative adrenal wet weights were significantly increased after unilateral adrenalectomy, either with or without pinealectomy. These results suggest that, at least in darkness, the pineal contributes to the mechanism whereby compensatory increase...
Feeding and Oviposition Behavior of Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Interpreted from AC Electronic Feeding Monitor Waveforms

Electronic waveforms produced by feeding and oviposition activities of two whitefly species, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana) and Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, generally were similar but had some subtle differences. Stylet penetration almost always started with a sawtooth waveform (repetitious, large-amplitude waves with a frequency ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 Hz) that was correlated (via styletectomy and light microscopy) with intercellular penetration by the stylets through the epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissue. Occasionally during stylet penetration, when whiteflies were producing sawtooth waveforms, stylet advancement stopped, the stylets were retracted slightly and then advanced into a new direction, leaving behind an empty salivary sheath. This was correlated with a sudden decrease in voltage level during the sawtooth waveform. Ingestion from phloem sieve elements was correlated with a high-flat waveform (steady high voltage level with little voltage fluctuation). Phloem ingestion always was preceded by ≤3 min of sawtooth waveforms followed by a brief transition waveform that occurred between the sawtooth and high-flat waveforms. The transition waveform is analogous to the aphid X-wave. P. myricae and B. argentifolii took an average of 24 and 16 min, respectively, from initiation of a penetration to phloem ingestion. A low-flat waveform (steady low voltage level with little voltage fluctuation) was correlated with ingestion in some cases, but ingestion during this low-flat waveform probably was not from phloem sieve elements. The low-flat waveform may indicate more than one biological process. Oviposition by both whitefly species produced a distinctive two-phase waveform; the first phase was correlated with penetration of the ovipositor into the leaf and the second phase was correlated with insertion of the egg pedicel into the leaf.
Measurement of Corporate Images by the Semantic Differential

for measuring connotative meanings. Specifically, the process of semantic differentiation locates the connotative meaning of a concept in a multidimensional semantic space. While an extensive body of theory underlies the use and interpretation of such instruments [4], the development of any particular semantic differential proceeds along empirical lines. The raw materials for this development are: (1) a subject or group of subjects, (2) a concept or set of concepts to be rated and, (3) a series of bipolar adjective scales such as the following:
Relevance in systems having a fuzzy-set-based semantics: Research Articles

Future automated question answering systems will typically involve the use of local knowledge available on the users' systems as well as knowledge retrieved from the Web. The determination of what information we should seek out on the Web must be directed by its potential value or relevance to our objective in the light of what knowledge is already available. Here we begin to provide a formal quantification of the concept of relevance and related ideas for systems that use fuzzy-set-based representations to provide the underlying semantics. We also introduce the idea of ease of extraction to quantify the ability of extracting relevant information from complex relationships. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 385–396, 2007.
Applications of actuator disc theory on submarine modeling

A computational approach to modeling a real system was made for the problem of flow around a submarine hull and flow through the propeller. Most computational programs for fluid flow are large and require extensive amounts of memory and a long run time. This work has been done using potential flow theory, and, through a series of assumptions, has simplified the model in order to closely approximate the flow around a complex, three-dimensional object using only a microcomputer and minimal computational time. The flow around a submarine hull is modeled, and a propulsor has been added to the aft section of the submarine by employing Actuator Disc Theory. It was found that the flow around the hull can be accurately modeled using potential flow theory and that modeling the propulsor as an actuator disc also yields good results. The correlation between the experimental and numerical data is satisfactory. Introduction In this work, the flow around a three-dimensional axisymmetric body is investigated. The body is a futuristic submarine (SUBOFF) designed by the Submarine Technology Department (STP) office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in cooperation with David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) with the purpose of assisting the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) community with comparing theoretical results with experimental data. The panel (numerical) program used was PMARC_12 (Panel Method Ames Research Center, version 12) and was written by Dale Ashby et. al. at NASA Ames Member, AIAA.. Research Center. The program was designed as an adaptation of another panel code (VSAERO) and has an open-architecture source code so modifications to the program may be more easily completed. Theoretical Basis Panel Methods Panel methods can be divided into two distinct categories; low-order and high-order. In high-order panel methods, the strengths of the singularities are distributed either linearly or as some function across the panel. In low-order panel methods, such as the PMARC_12 code, the strength of the singularities is distributed on the body's surface, namely at the centroid of each panel. This simplification greatly reduces the computational time as compared to other methods (e.g., finite-difference methods). Naturally, both types of panel methods are valid only for flows around a body where compressibility and viscous effects are negligible. In flows with high Reynolds numbers, the vorticity of the flow is generally confined to the boundary layer and wake regions where the influence of viscosity is not negligible. For this type of flow, it must be assumed that there is an irrotational, as well as an inviscid, flow outside these regions. If the flow is irrotational, then the value of (udx+vdy+wdz) is an exact differential of a potential, , and is independent of the path C^. Therefore, the value of the potential will be a function of the location only, namely, O = f(x, y, z). In PMARC, the potential flow function for a threedimensional body is assumed to be inviscid, irrotational, and incompressible. In addition, the geometry of a three-dimensional body is assumed to be
Randomized controlled trial on treatment of respiratory distress syndrome with preterm infants by pulmonary surfactant combined with nasal continuous positive airways pressure

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of pulmonary surfactant administration combined with nasal continuous positive airways pressure in preterm infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods A randomized control trial was conducted in 82 preterm infants with NRDS,which were randomized to the observation group(received pulmonary surfactant combined with NCPAP) and control group(without pulmonary surfactant).Treatment effect and group comparisons were made on the measures of days of staying in the intensive care unit,time receiving oxygen therapy,undergoing mechanical ventilation and complication.Results Blood gas improved significantly after treatment in the two groups(P0.05).The need for mechanical ventilation,incidence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia,time receiving oxygen therapy,and days of staying in the intensive care unit were less in the observation group than those in the control group(P0.05).Conclusions The early application of NCPAP after pulmonary surfactant administration for preterm infants with RDS is beneficial to improve therapeutic effect.
Study on Key Technologies in Smart Grid Dispatching

As the nerve central of smart grid,intelligent dispatching is the key component of strong and smart grid with Chinese characteristics.Under background of unified strong grid construction the paper analyses the construction significance of intelligent dispatching,illustrates both domestic and overseas research progress,describes content,features,and architecture of intelligent dispatching,analyses key technologies and existing technical foundations for intelligent grid dispatching construction in China.
Prevalence and correlates of hookah use: a nationally representative sample of US adults ages 18-40 years old.

ABSTRACTBackground: Hookah use may be increasing among adults in the US. Information on the prevalence and correlates of hookah use in the adult population is relatively limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of current (past 30-day) and lifetime use of hookah among adults ages 18–40 in the US and to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics associated with lifetime use. Methods: Data were drawn from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey data from May 2010, August 2010, and January 2011 (n = 85,545). Logistic regression was used to examine various demographic correlates of lifetime hookah use. Results: Among 18–40 year olds, the past month prevalence rate of hookah use was 0.6% and the lifetime prevalence rate of hookah use was 3.9%. Being male, non-Hispanic white, having higher levels of educational attainment, having never been married, not having any children, earning less than $20,000 annually, residing in the Midwest or western US, being a student, and being a ...
Graduate Students' Readiness and Perceptions of the Pedagogical Application of Collaborative Video Logs.

Group work projects are common components of graduate course curricula. Instructors often try to mitigate the benefits of group work projects for students while avoiding negative effects. Informal learning and participatory culture practices like video logs can enhance learning environments. Video logs that promote both informal learning and participatory culture practices have captured the interest of researchers as a popular way to disclose observations, reflections and thoughts about people’s lives and experiences. This study provides insight on how graduate students may respond to participation in a Collaborative Video Logs (CVL) in lieu of group work projects or asynchronous text-based discussion boards. A CVL is a series of videos created by a small group of students addressing a topic and engages students through asynchronous video conversation while promoting ownership, reflection, and academic and social outcomes. This study summarizes students’ past experiences and perceptions of group work projects, technological readiness, and affective responses to participating in a CVL as a course assignment.
Desmopressin stimulates parallel norepinephrine and tissue plasminogen activator release in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.

Desmopressin acetate administration markedly stimulates release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism for this effect is unknown. Because infusion of epinephrine has been shown to increase t-PA levels, we examined the role of endogenous catecholamine mediation of t-PA release by desmopressin. Intravenous desmopressin acetate (0.3 micrograms/kg) was infused over 30 min in 9 controls and 11 subjects with diabetes mellitus, a condition associated with abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system. Plasma was collected in the supine, overnight fasted state at 15 min intervals (0-60 min) for measurement of t-PA activity, t-PA antigen and fractionated catecholamines. t-PA activity peaked at 30-45 min and subsequently decreased. The norepinephrine levels paralleled the t-PA activity. t-PA activity increased 10-fold from 0.14 +/- .12 to 1.49 +/- 0.79 IU/ml (Mean +/- SD) and plasma norepinephrine increased 2-fold from 426 +/- 90 to 780 +/- 292 pg/ml. However, epinephrine and dopamine levels did not change significantly. The response to desmopressin of control and diabetic subjects was not shown to differ and their data were combined. We conclude that desmopressin increases plasma norepinephrine in addition to t-PA and that the parallel time course of change suggests a possible role for norepinephrine in mediating endothelial cell t-PA release.
Redesigning an airway cart using lean methodology.

Abstract Study Objective Use lean methodology to create a more efficient difficult airway management equipment transport and setup. Design The 5S steps of sort, set in order, sweep, standardize, and sustain were used to create a redesigned airway cart. The 5S steps provided the framework to separate the needed from unneeded equipment, logical equipment placement on the cart, and a plan to maintain improvements. Simulations were utilized to compare the revised airway cart to the previous airway equipment storage. Setting Hospital operating rooms and equipment storage rooms. Patients Simulated difficult airway scenarios without patient involvement. Intervention Difficult airway equipment 5S process. Measurements Total pieces and cost of airway equipment before and after intervention. Walking distance and time to retrieve equipment, setup equipment, and setup defect rate during a simulation. Main Results Previously, airway equipment was stored in 4 locations which was reduced a single difficult airway cart. The total pieces of equipment stored was reduced 89% and the cost of disposable equipment inventory was reduced 81%. Simulations looking at the acquisition and setup of equipment during a difficult airway scenario revealed a 39% reduction in equipment set up time, a 77% reduction in non–valued-added set up time, and a 74% reduction in walking distance. There was no difference in set up defect rates. Conclusion Application of this lean method resulted in a revised single cart with equipment pared down to only what is needed, arranged according to frequency and order of use in a difficult airway. In a simulated difficult airway, there was a reduction in non–value-added time and walking distance to retrieve the equipment.
Evaluation of Biological Markers in Bladder Cancer

AbstractThe value of biological markers of bladder cancer was studied in 66 patients. The markers included serum and urine carcinoembryonic antigens, serum and urine fibrinogen degradation products, total lymphocyte counts, urine lymphocytes and urine cytology. A high degree of accuracy (90 per cent) was found in correlating cytology and urinary fibrinogen degradation products with the activity of the disease. Serum and urine carcinoembryonic antigens, serum fibrinogen degradation products, total lymphocyte counts and urine lymphocytes were found to have no value in screening bladder cancer patients. Urinary fibrinogen degradation products and cytology in combination are recommended for screening and followup of patients at high risk.
Idealism in the Politics: The ‘Best State Absolutely’

It remains to consider that part of the Politics that deals with ‘the best regime’. The matter is complicated in several respects. For one thing, Aristotle suggests that it might be necessary to distinguish between what is best absolutely and what is an attainable best (cf. IV. xi 1295 a25–33; also II. vi 1265 a19–20, VII. iv 1325 b37ff.). Then too, the discussion of ‘the best’ (in both senses) is scattered throughout the Politics; an adequate discussion is forced to pull together many separate strands of thought. Further, it is not always clear that the many passages that address this subject are all mutually compatible; they often seem discrepant in a variety of ways. And it does not help matters that, of the two major parts of the Politics where ‘the best’ is discussed, one of them is certainly incomplete and the other may well be too.1
Intranasal Delivery of Peptide-Morpholinos to Knockdown Influenza Host Factors in Mice

Influenza viruses replicate primarily in the lung tissue of different host species. For efficient replication the virus utilizes host factors that are expressed in target cells. Cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated Morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) designed to target viral proteins have shown promising results as potential antiviral drugs in tissue culture and animal models. However, since viruses tend to have high rates of mutations, targeting viral proteins may result in viral escape mutants. An alternative approach to inhibit virus replication with PPMOs is to target host factors that are required for virus replication. Delivery of PPMO through the intranasal route has been shown to be effective in knockdown of host factors or microbial genes leading to protection against respiratory pathogens and reduced microbial burden. In addition, protective host innate antiviral immune responses in the lung can be studied by knockdown of immune signaling factors using PPMOs. Here we describe a successful approach using PPMOs to knockdown either proviral or antiviral host factors leading to changes in influenza virus replication in the lungs of mice, providing a tool to investigate immune responses and host-virus interactions in vivo.
HIV-associated anaerobes ferment TB risk.

Short-chain fatty acids produced by anaerobic bacteria increase the risk of TB in HIV-infected, antiretroviral drug–treated people.
On peace and development economics

Peace and economic development are inextricably linked, yet there is little synergy between researching and teaching the two. The development literature largely assumes peace, even if amidst weak institutions, while the peace economics literature largely assumes the absence of development. This essay presents examples of how integrating the two could help the profession understand better the economics of being poor. Since scholarship flows into what we teach, challenges and opportunities in teaching the economics of war and peace are also discussed.
Single step optimization of manipulator maneuvers with variable structure control

One step ahead optimization has been recently proposed for spacecraft attitude maneuvers as well as for robot manipulator maneuvers. Such a technique yields a discrete time control algorithm implementable as a sequence of state-dependent, quadratic programming problems for acceleration optimization. Its sensitivity to model accuracy, for the required inversion of the system dynamics, is shown in this paper to be alleviated by a fast variable structure control correction, acting between the sampling intervals of the slow one step ahead discrete time acceleration command generation algorithm. The slow and fast looping concept chosen follows that recently proposed for optimal aiming strategies with variable structure control. Accelerations required by the VSC correction are reserved during the slow one step ahead command generation so that the ability to overshoot the sliding surface is guaranteed.
Interactive Recommendations by Combining User-Item Preferences with Linked Open Data

Recent advances in graph and network embeddings have been utilized for the purpose of providing recommendations. Hybrid recommender systems have shown the efficacy of using side information associated with entities. In this work we show how domain specific knowledge can be used to define meta paths within these heterogeneous domains and how these path constrained random walks can be used to embed user preferences in heterogeneous domains. The semantic embeddings generated from heterogeneous knowledge sources combined with user preferences can be used to refine a user's information needs. This representation modeling of users, entities and their associated properties opens up new modalities of interactions for the users to gravitate towards their requirements. In this work we propose the use of semantic embeddings for two kinds of interactive recommendation modalities: 1) exemplar based recommendations 2) "less like this/ more like this" style recommendations. In our opinion providing these modalities would boost the expressive power of exploratory search and recommender systems.
Molecular mechanism of decitabine -induced degradation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) in cancer cells

1594 Decitabine (5-dAzaC) alone or in combination with inhibitors of histone deacetylases is used as a chemotherapeutic agent against leukemia. It is a well-known irreversible inhibitor of DNA methyltransferases. Once incorporated into the DNA it forms a covalent complex with a serine residue at the active site of DNA methyltransferase resulting in its inactivation. Recently we have shown that treatment of mouse lymphosarcoma cells with 5-dAzaC resulted in the decline of Dnmt1 steady state level (Ghoshal et al. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22:8302-8319). Later on, studies with different types of cancer cells of human, mouse and rat origin have demonstrated that treatment of cells with decitabine not only inactivates DNMT1 but also facilitates its rapid degradation. This nucleoside analog-induced degradation of DNMT1 occurs in a time and concentration dependent manner. Among different protease inhibitors tested, only MG132 and lactacystin blocked 5-dAzaC-induced degradation of DNMT1, implicating its degradation by the proteasomal pathway. To further confirm this phenomenon, we used a cell line (ts20), a Balbc 3T3-derived cell line harboring a temperature-sensitive mutant of ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), the first enzyme of proteasomal pathway. E1 in these cells is active when grown at 31°C but is inactivated when growth temperature is shifted at 39°C. DNMT1 was degraded in a time-dependent manner when cells were treated with decitabine at 31°C. In contrast, the inhibitor-induced degradation was significantly impeded in cells preincubated for 24 hr at 39°C. These results further reinforce the notion that the nucleoside analog facilitates ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DNMT1. Analysis of the primary structure of DNMT1 revealed existence of a conserved KEN box, a targeting signal for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Currently we are exploring the role of KEN box, if any, in 5-AzaC-mediated degradation of DNMT1. (supported, in part, by grants, ES 10874, CA 81024)
Investigation of alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding in a quarter five-spot sandpack for viscous oil recovery

Abstract The alkaline-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flood has been shown in the past to reduce residual oil saturation significantly after waterflood. ASP floods for light oils are designed to be stable where the mobility ratio of the oil bank to the ASP slug is kept close to one. For viscous oils, such stable recovery processes may be unreasonably slow due higher oil viscosity. The goal of this paper is to study unstable ASP flooding (i.e., oil to ASP slug mobility ratio
A Comparison of Different Modeling Strategies for Predicting Effective Properties of 3D Woven Composites

Three-dimensional (3D) woven composites are an attractive means of achieving superior mechanical performance in aerospace structures. Limited analysis capability currently exists to predict both effective elastic and strength properties for these complex composites. In this study, a comparison of three modeling strategies was performed to assess the ability of the different methods to predict the effective elastic properties of four distinct 3D orthogonal woven composites. Two finite element techniques (in-plane and triply-periodic boundary conditions) and one method of cells technique, the Multiscale Generalized Method of Cells, were considered.
Variability in radiomics features among iDose4 reconstruction levels

The assessment of tissues depicted in medical images using radiomics has been shown to depend on a number of imageacquisition and reconstruction parameters. This study assessed the variability in radiomics features due to variations in iDose4 reconstruction level. A database of 109 normal head and neck (HN) computed tomography (CT) scans was obtained for analysis with three levels of iDose4 reconstruction: 2, 4, and 6. Various two-dimensional regions of interest (ROIs) containing different tissues were manually contoured including the globes, sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), thyroid, clivus, and supraclavicular subcutaneous fat. A square ROI containing only air was also contoured. Each region was contoured at its largest axial cross section by area. Pixel information was extracted from each region in each patient for each iDose4 reconstruction, and 142 texture features were calculated using an in-house texture package. Differences in radiomics features between iDose4 levels were assessed using parametric paired Student’s t-tests or non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for each tissue type after assessing normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Relative agreement among iDose4 reconstructions was quantified using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. For all ROIs besides those containing only air, most features differed significantly between pairwise combinations of the three iDose4 levels. For air, all features were robust to differences in iDose4 levels. Therefore, if radiomics studies include images reconstructed using different iDose4 levels, robust radiomics features should be used. Additionally, to aid in the validation of radiomics research, iDose4 reconstruction levels should be reported.
SMART: Study protocol for a sequential multiple assignment randomized controlled trial to optimize weight loss management.

BACKGROUND Stepped care is a rational resource allocation approach to reduce population obesity. Evidence is lacking to guide decisions on use of low cost treatment components such as mobile health (mHealth) tools without compromising weight loss of those needing more expensive traditional treatment components (e.g., coaching, meal replacement). A sequential multiple assignment randomization trial (SMART) will be conducted to inform the development of an empirically based stepped care intervention that incorporates mHealth and traditional treatment components. OBJECTIVE The primary aim tests the non-inferiority of app alone, compared to app plus coaching, as first line obesity treatment, measured by weight change from baseline to 6 months. Secondary aims are to identify the best tactic to address early treatment non-response and the optimal treatment sequence for resource efficient weight loss. STUDY DESIGN Four hundred participants, 18-60 years old with Body Mass Index between 27 and 45 kg/m2 will be randomized to receive a weight loss smartphone app (APP) or the app plus weekly coaching (APP + C) for a 12 week period. Those achieving <0.5 lb. weight loss on average per week, assessed by wireless scale at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, will be classified as non-responders and re-randomized once to step-up modestly (adding another mHealth component) or vigorously (adding mHealth and traditional treatment components) for the remaining treatment period. Weight will be assessed in person at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. SIGNIFICANCE Results will inform construction of an obesity treatment algorithm that balances weight loss outcomes with resource consumption.
Effects of nutrient supply, herbivory, and host community on fungal endophyte diversity.

The microbes contained within free-living organisms can alter host growth, reproduction, and interactions with the environment. In turn, processes occurring at larger scales determine the local biotic and abiotic environment of each host that may affect the diversity and composition of the microbiome community. Here, we examine variation in the diversity and composition of the foliar fungal microbiome in the grass host, Andropogon gerardii, across four mesic prairies in the central United States. Composition of fungal endophyte communities differed among sites and among individuals within a site, but was not consistently affected by experimental manipulation of nutrient supply to hosts (A. gerardii) or herbivore reduction via fencing. In contrast, mean fungal diversity was similar among sites but was limited by total plant biomass at the plot scale. Our work demonstrates that distributed experiments motivated by ecological theory are a powerful tool to unravel the multiscale processes governing microbial community composition and diversity.
Methodology to develop design guidelines to construct unbound base course with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)

Abstract Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has been considered as one of the sources to create unbound base aggregate (UBA) for pavement structures for several years. There are number of previous research studies that focuses on testing the modulus and deformation characteristics of the RAP and RAP blended with virgin aggregate (VA), however results vary significantly from one study to another and there are no clear-cut guidelines on how much RAP should be blended with VA for the best outcome. In this study, the focus of the research was to develop a methodology that will allow the Owner’s to develop design guidelines to create UBA with RAP-VA blends where the created blend will have similar performance criteria as the VA used in that region. To achieve this goal, factors affecting the performance of RAP-VA blends have been investigated and a guideline to select and how to meet the target modulus and deformation thresholds are presented. RAP obtained from 14 different asphalt plants and virgin aggregate collected from a source in Virginia have been investigated. The results showed that although there are differences in RAP from one source to another, following the proposed methodology in this article, it is possible to recycle RAP to create UBA that will have similar performance criteria as the VA by itself.
Biogeochemical Anomalies at Two Southern California Current System Moorings During the 2014–2016 Warm Anomaly-El Niño Sequence

Author(s): Lilly, LE; Send, U; Lankhorst, M; Martz, TR; Feely, RA; Sutton, AJ; Ohman, MD | Abstract: We analyzed impacts of the 2014–2015 Pacific Warm Anomaly and 2015–2016 El Nino on physical and biogeochemical variables at two southern California Current System moorings (CCE2, nearshore upwelling off Point Conception; CCE1, offshore California Current). Nitrate and Chl-a fluorescence were l1 μM and l1 Standardized Fluorescence Unit, respectively, at CCE2 for the entire durations of the Warm Anomaly and El Nino, the two longest periods of such low values in our time series. Negative nitrate and Chl-a anomalies at CCE2 were interrupted briefly by upwelling conditions in spring 2015. Near-surface temperature anomalies appeared simultaneously at both moorings in spring 2014, indicating region-wide onset of Warm Anomaly temperatures, although sustained negative nitrate and Chl-a anomalies only occurred offshore at CCE1 during El Nino (summer 2015 to spring 2016). Warm Anomaly temperature changes were expressed more strongly in near-surface (l40 m) than subsurface (75 m) waters at both moorings, while El Nino produced comparable temperature anomalies at near-surface and subsurface depths. Nearshore Ωaragonite at 76 m showed notably fewer undersaturation events during both warm periods, suggesting an environment more conducive to calcifying organisms. Planktonic calcifying molluscs (pteropods and heteropods) increased markedly in springs 2014 and 2016 and remained modestly elevated in spring 2015. Moorings provide high-frequency measurements essential for resolving the onset timing of anomalous conditions and frequency and duration of short-term (days-to-weeks) perturbations (reduced nitrate and aragonite undersaturation events) that can affect marine organisms.
The Seventy-Ninth William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition

The 79th William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition took place on December 1, 2018. There were 4,623 undergraduates who participated in the competition at 568 institutions across the United Sta...
Preliminary Observations on the Results of Combined Temporary 192Iridium Implantation and External Beam Irradiation for Carcinoma of the Prostate

AbstractWe treated 43 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate confined to the pelvis with a combination of staging pelvic lymphadenectomy, temporary implantation of the prostate with 192iridium and external beam irradiation. The procedure was relatively safe with low early morbidity. However, there were significant late complications. Of these patients 29 had needle biopsy of the prostate 1 year after completion of therapy and 15 demonstrated residual tumor. Clinical stage C and poorly differentiated tumors were not well controlled.
The Record of a Famous Course; Mind, Self and Society

(1999). The Record of a Famous Course; Mind, Self and Society. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 70, Special Anniversary Issue: A Look back, pp. 620-621.
Teaching and Learning with the Social Brain in Mind

The human brain is a social organ. Whatever an educator’s instructional goals or lesson plans, students’ brains experience the classroom first and foremost as a social system. Neuroscience research...
Big Data Visualization for the Internet of Things: Opportunities and Challenges with Human Factors

Big data and the Internet of Things (IoT) are drawing widespread research interests across multiple areas, along with the systematic analytics supporting the decision-making process. Big data visualization opens up utilization for analyzing the IoT data, in which various data sources from sensors, services, and devices are combined into a single-layered visual interface, improving understanding of the large-scale data collected. This paper focuses on the cross-section in terms of visualization between big data and IoT with human factors. In more detail, this work aims to introduce the importance of big data visualization in IoT development, as well as present the opportunities in the near future and complex research challenges to be addressed. The interdisciplinary nature of big data and IoT is emphasized, presented in various visualization applications in multiple aspects regarding direct human factors and benefits such as disaster situational awareness, security and user privacy, journalism, and social media influence.
Applicational research progress of Glasgow Coma Scale, Children Coma Scale and Trauma Infant Neurologic Score in children with traumatic craniocerebral injury

Traumatic craniocerebral injury is one of serious injury which can cause great damage to human life and health even lead to disability or death.Making an objective and accurate judgement of severity and prognosis for traumatic craniocerebral injury in children, which might play an important role in the clinical treatment and prognosis.As a physical scoring indicator system of traumatic craniocerebral injury, the earliest and most widely used one is Glasgow Coma Scale.The Children Coma Scale is particularly used for children under 4 years old and the Trauma Infant Neurologic Score for infants with traumatic craniocerebral injury.Thus, these 3 scoring systems present advantage and representative in clinical application.Here we make a brief review on these 3 scoring systems based on the current studies and applications. Key words: Traumatic craniocerebral injury; Glasgow Coma Scale; Children Coma Scale; Trauma Infant Neurologic Score; Child
When the Mirage Fades: Black Boys Encountering Antiblackness in a Predominantly White Catholic High School

Private high schools are often viewed as bastions of scholastic and social opportunities, but the cost of tuition has rendered these sites predominantly white and more segregated than public school...
Crosstalk noise mitigation using a transmission gate with varied gate bias

Due to scaling effects, integrated circuits are becoming increasingly more sensitive to noise and delay effects caused by interconnect coupling. Crosstalk noise has now become a critical design and verification issue in deep submicron designs. Driver sizing is a practical and a feasible technique for controlling the crosstalk noise in the post route design stage. Although an increased victim driver size can easily mitigate the coupled noise, it may create additional crosstalk issues with neighboring wires. In addition, sizing up a gate results in an increased circuit area and affects the timing of paths through the gate. This work proposes a new crosstalk noise mitigation methodology based on our novel transmission gate design. This approach results in smaller area overhead compared to driver sizing taken alone and requires minimum change in circuit layout.
Medical Device Technologies: A Systems Based Overview Using Engineering Standards, 2nd ed.

As indicated and implied by the title, this text covers medical device technologies using a practical (engineering) systems approach to medical devices. The author, by virtue of her academic and industrial experiences, is professionally and experientially qualified to present this material to the readers. Medical imaging systems are excluded (per the author), as many programs offer a separate course in this area.
Speech Recognition: A

Speech recognition can be formulated as the problem of guessing a sequence of words that produces a sequence of sounds. The human brain is remarkably good at solving this problem, even though the same words correspond to many different sounds, because of accents or characteristics of the voice. Moreover, the environment is always noisy, to that the listeners hear a corrupted version of the speech.
New Mechanistic Procedure to Predict the Critical Cracking Temperature of Asphalt Concrete from Bending Beam Rheometer and Indirect Tension Test Data

This study presents a new mechanistic procedure for determining the critical cracking temperature of asphalt concrete (AC) using data from bending beam rheometer (BBR) test of asphalt binder and in...
Community Greening, Fear of Crime, and Mental Health Outcomes

Unmaintained vacant land in urban areas is associated with a number of negative outcomes for residents of urban areas, including mental and physical health, safety, and quality of life. Community programs which promote land parcel maintenance in urban neighborhoods have been found to reverse some of the effects that unmaintained land has on nearby residents. We explored how land parcel maintenance is associated with mental health outcomes using data collected in Flint, MI in 2017-2018. Trained observers assessed the maintenance of approximately 7200 land parcels and surveyed 691 residents (57% Female, 53% Black, M age = 51). We aggregated resident and parcel rating data to 463 street segments and compared three structural equation models (SEM) to estimate the mediating effects of fear of crime on the association of parcel qualities on mental distress for residents. We found that fear of crime mediated the association between parcel maintenance values and mental distress indicating that poor maintenance predicted more fear of crime which was associated with mental distress. Our findings add to our understanding about the mechanism by which vacant lot improvements may operate to enhance psychological well-being of residents who live on streets with vacant and unkept lots.
'We Are Not Guinea Pigs': The Effects of Negative News on Vaccine Compliance

In 1996, following an epidemic, Pfizer tested a new drug on 200 children in Muslim Nigeria. 11 children died while others were disabled. We study the effects of negative news on vaccine compliance using evidence from the disclosure of deaths of Muslim children in the Pfizer trials in 2000. Muslim mothers reduced routine vaccination of children born after the 2000 disclosure. The effect was stronger for educated mothers and mothers residing in minority Muslim neighborhoods. The disclosure did not affect other health-seeking behavior of mothers. The results illustrate the potential spillover effects of perceived medical malpractice on future vaccine hesitancy.
Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Overweight and Obesity among Adult Residents of Western China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Overweight and obesity have become a serious health problem. There are a few data on the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Baoji city of western China, this study was conducted to investigate the epidemiologic features of overweight and obesity and explored influencing factors among Baoji adult residents. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 36,600 participants aged above 15 years, was carried out in Baoji city in 2018. Each participant's weight and height were measured, and demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by means of logistic regression considering 95% level of significance. Results Overall, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 30.73% and 3.11%, respectively. Male had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight (31.45% vs. 29.98%, P < 0.05) while female had a higher prevalence of obesity (3.50 vs. 2.74, P < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, being married or living with a partner (OR = 1.266, P < 0.001), unemployed or retired (OR = 1.183, P < 0.001), former smokers (OR = 1.116, P < 0.05), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.410, P < 0.001), sleeping more than 10 hours (OR = 1.274, P < 0.001), and increasing age were all significantly associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, whereas people who lived in rural areas (R = 0.904, P < 0.001) or had a sufficient leisure time physical activity per week (R = 0.945, P < 0.05) were associated with a lower prevalence. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that demographic and behavioral factors play an important role in prevalence of overweight/obesity, which can support the implementation of interventions aimed at weight control and consequently prevention of related diseases in this population.
Workplace Leave and Breastfeeding Duration Among Postpartum Women, 2016-2018.

Objectives. To examine associations of workplace leave length with breastfeeding initiation and continuation at 1, 2, and 3 months. Methods. We analyzed 2016 to 2018 data for 10 sites in the United...