cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiphase buoyant plumes with soluble drops or bubbles

This paper presents the results of a scaling study of bubble and drop plumes in a stratified ambient. Use is made of a standard integral model of the top-hat type, which can be reduced to one of the Gaussian type by a simple transformation. The focus of the work is on the effects of the dissolving material on the plume dynamics. It is pointed out that, for a drop plume, the loss of buoyancy due to dissolution can be compensated by a lightening of the ambient liquid associated with the dissolved drop material, or even aggravated if the density of the solution is greater than that of the undissolved drops. For bubbles, these effects are compounded by the volume expansion due to the falling hydrostatic pressure. This process is not important in deep water, where the peel height is smaller than the water depth, but can be significant in shallow water, where the two may be comparable. With a focus on the analysis of a point-source, three important parameters are identified. The first one compares the drop/bubble dissolution rate with the rise time to the neutral height (the level at which the plume density equals the ambient density), the second one accounts for the effect of the dissolved material on the liquid density, and the third one is the drop/bubble rise velocity compared with the characteristic plume velocity.
Isolation by a hydroelectric dam induces minimal impacts on genetic diversity and population structure in six fish species

Reduced connectivity created by artificial barriers can influence the genetic integrity of isolated subpopulations by reducing local population sizes and altering patterns of gene flow. We investigated the genetic impacts of one such barrier, the Prairie du Sac dam, Wisconsin, USA, using microsatellite data from six fish species with varying life history traits sampled above and below the dam. Contrary to many past studies in other systems, we did not detect any significant differences in genetic diversity between populations found above and below the Prairie du Sac dam. Our results also revealed low genetic differentiation (FST = 0–0.008) between populations above and below the dam for all species. In fact, we found that more genetic variation was partitioned among sampling years than between above and below dam populations for all but one of the species. Results from coalescent simulations designed to model our study system indicated that the genetic impacts of the dam will likely be detectable approximately 40–60 generations after the dam was constructed, and that it is possible to largely mitigate these impacts with a fish passage strategy that facilitates a migration rate of ≥ 1% between above and below dam populations. In summary, our findings suggest the genetic impacts of dams can be relatively minimal on short time scales, and that fish passage strategies can significantly reduce genetic impacts if designed appropriately.
New Aluminum Isotope; Mass andβDecay of theTz=52NuclideAl31and the Mass ofP34

The first reported measurements of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay, half-life, and mass of $^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ are presented. The new activity was produced by the $^{18}\mathrm{O}(^{18}\mathrm{O}, \ensuremath{\alpha}p)^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ reaction using 41-MeV incident $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ ions, and was transferred pneumatically to a remotely located station where delayed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays and $\ensuremath{\beta}$ rays were counted with Ge(Li) and NE 102 detectors, respectively. $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray energies (in keV) and relative intensities for the $^{31}\mathrm{Si}$ daughter transitions are 621.81\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (9.94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.65), 752.23 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (18.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8), 1564.49\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (17.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6), 1694.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (58.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.6), and 2316.64\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40 (72.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.8). The $^{31}\mathrm{Si}$ excitation energies (in keV) and relative $\ensuremath{\beta}$ branching intensities are 752.24\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (3.0), 1694.78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.30 (49.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.7), and 2316.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.40 (100\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.5). A tentative $\ensuremath{\beta}$- ray transition to a state at ${E}_{x}=2787.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8$ keV is also observed. Upper limits on the strength of some possible $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray transitions following $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay to higher levels are given. $^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ decays with a half-life of 644\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}25 msec. By measuring the energy spectra of $\ensuremath{\beta}$ rays populating the second and third excited states of $^{31}\mathrm{Si}$ the mass excess of $^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ has been measured to be -15008\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 keV. The mass excess of $^{34}\mathrm{P}$ has been remeasured by a similar technique to be -24 550\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}90 keV, and this value has been used to revise previous predictions for the masses of $^{33}\mathrm{Si}$ and $^{35}\mathrm{P}$. The masses of several ${T}_{z}=\frac{5}{2}$ and ${T}_{z}=3$ nuclides in the $2s\ensuremath{-}1d$ shell are compared with theoretical estimates. The $\ensuremath{\beta}$-decay measurements for $^{31}\mathrm{Al}$ are shown to be in poor agreement with simple collective-model calculations, and in good agreement with recent detailed shell-model calculations.
THE LEARNING CURVE FOR COMBINED EDGE-TO-EDGE TRICUSPID AND MITRAL VALVE REPAIR

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair with MitraClip is only approved for treatment of mitral regurgitation (MR), but it is increasingly used to treat concomitant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) due to its association with poor outcomes. The learning curve associated with the challenge of off-label
Childhood socioeconomic status is prospectively associated with surface morphometry in adulthood.

Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with brain cortex surface area in children. However, the extent to which childhood SES is prospectively associated with brain morphometry in adulthood is unclear. We tested whether childhood SES (income-to-needs ratio averaged across ages 9, 13, and 17) is prospectively associated with cortical surface morphometry in adulthood. Average childhood income-to-needs ratio had a positive, prospective association with cortical thickness in adulthood in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and caudal middle frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Childhood income-to-needs ratio also had a positive, prospective association with cortical surface area in adulthood in multiple regions, including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyri and superior frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Concurrent income-to-needs ratio (measured at age 24) was not associated with cortical thickness or surface area in adulthood. The results underscore the importance of addressing poverty in childhood for brain morphological development.
Emerging investigator series: interacting effects of environmental factors on Daphnia magna removal of Escherichia coli from wastewater

Treatment wetlands can remove a wide range of pollutants from wastewater and stormwater runoff, including microbial pollutants such as Escherichia coli. Filter feeding zooplankton play an important role in improving water quality in treatment wetlands through grazing and subsequent inactivation of E. coli. Understanding how climate change will impact the various processes governing microbial inactivation in treatment wetlands is essential to ensure adequately treated water. We investigated the impact of interacting environmental factors on the E. coli clearance rate of a keystone zooplankton species, Daphnia magna. We utilized a full factorial experimental design to test the impacts of food abundance, food type, and temperature in flow-through mesocosms under environmentally relevant conditions. Temperature and food abundance interactions were significant, which highlights the importance of studying multiple environmental variables when considering the filter feeding contributions of zooplankton. While both food abundance and temperature had a significant impact on clearance rate, daphnids did not exhibit a preference between algae or E. coli, which were the two food sources used in our studies. We observed that at 25 °C, food abundance and type had a larger impact on E. coli clearance rate than at 15 °C, which has important implications when considering resiliency of treatment wetlands in a warming climate. Our findings show that zooplankton filtration behavior will be impacted by environmental conditions that are projected due to climatic changes, but populations can still inactivate E. coli and improve water quality when exposed to these conditions.
Efficient confidence intervals for the difference of two Bernoulli distributions’ success parameters

We study properties of confidence intervals (CIs) for the difference of two Bernoulli distributions’ success parameters. The CIs under investigation range from the classical fixed-sample-size CI to...
New Philippine moss records and additions to the Luzon moss flora

Four new Philippine moss records and five additions for the Luzon moss flora are presented. Anomodontopsis rugelii (Mull. Hal.) Ignatov & Fedosov; Chaetmitrium horridulum Bosch & Sande Lac.; Chaetomitrium vrieseanum Bosch & Sande Lac.; and Dicranoloma deplanchei (Duby) Par. are new country moss records while Anomodon pseudotristis (Mull. Hal.) Kindb.; Bescherellia elegantissima Duby; Claopodium assurgens (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot; Pseudoparaphysanthus moutieri (Broth. & Paris) S. Olsson, Enroth, Huttunen & D. Quandt and Racopilum magnirete E.B. Bartram are new additions to the Luzon moss flora. Anomodontopsis Ignatov & Fedosov is a new genus record for the Philippines. This report of new records for the Philippine and Luzon’s moss flora has once again highlighted the importance of continued bryological studies in the archipelago. In this respect, field collecting in the country’s intervening islands and understudied areas is still necessary to further improve of knowledge of Philippine moss flora.
Star pentagon and many stable choreographic solutions of the Newtonian 4-body problem

Abstract In this paper, we give a rigorous proof of the existence of infinitely many simple choreographic solutions in the classical Newtonian 4-body problem. These orbits are discovered by a variational method with structural prescribed boundary conditions (SPBC). This method provides an initial path that is obtained by minimizing the Lagrangian action functional over the SPBC. We prove that the initial path can be extended to a periodic or quasi-periodic solution. With computer-assistance, a family of choreographic orbits of this type is shown to be linearly stable. Among the many linearly stable simple choreographic orbits, the most extraordinary one is the stable star pentagon choreographic solution. We also prove the existence of infinitely many double choreographic periodic solutions, infinitely many non-choreographic periodic solutions and uncountably many quasi-periodic solutions. Each type of periodic solutions has many stable solutions and possibly infinitely many stable solutions. Our results with SPBC largely complement the current results by minimizing the action on a loop space.
Selecting Topics for Journals: Some Advice for Beginners.

Abstract This article provides suggestions for prospective authors searching for topics for manuscripts. The article first provides examples of topics for non-data-based articles, then for research topics. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts on these, and on any other topics to this journal.
'Leave Now': A Proposal to Reconcile Justice and Pragmatism in Democratically Transitioning Countries

This paper proposes a mechanism to protect incipient democracies through the creation of an international pension system that would pay retiring leaders from those young democracies substantial sums upon stepping down democratically and constitutionally. It also considers under what circumstances the system may be extended to leaders who did not come to power democratically or who might have at least some antidemocratic history. These payments are designed to provide an incentive for peaceful transitions of power and improve the chances that democracy with regular transitions of power will consolidate. The Ibrahim Prize, an existing prize which provides retiring sub-Saharan African leaders who have met a high standard of governance with a substantial lifetime pension, is contrasted with the rule-based character of this award. The financial cost of endowing the award is analyzed. Various design decisions and potential problems are also extensively considered. Among those problems are the possibility that power is more important than money for some leaders, that the decision of a national leader to retire might not lead to a democratic transition, the existence of prior bad acts by potential recipients, the risk that the award might cheapen national leadership, and finally that there may be spoiler problems at both the international and domestic level.
The sialic acids. 8. Sialic acid 9-phosphate synthetase.

Sialic acid 9-phosphate synthetase, an enzyme that condenses phosphoenolpyruvate with N-acyl- d -mannosamine 6-phosphate to yield sialic acid 9-phosphate and inorganic phosphate, was purified approximately 800-fold from extracts of hog submaxillary gland. The enzyme was specific for the indicated substrates, and the available data suggest that a single enzyme catalyzes the condensation reaction with either N-acetyl- or N-glycolyl- d -mannosamine-6-P. The equilibrium constant of the reaction exceeds that of the reaction catalyzed by pyruvate kinase, and the two reactions could be coupled. The synthetase was detected in a variety of animal tissues.
Development of Recurrent Neural Network Considering Temporal-Spatial Input Dynamics for Freeway Travel Time Modeling

This article discusses how the artificial neural network (ANN) is one advance approach to freeway travel time prediction. Various studies using different inputs have not come to consensus on the effects of input selections. In addition, very little discussion has been made on the temporal–spatial aspect of the ANN travel time prediction process. In this study, the authors employ an ANN ensemble technique to analyze the effects of various input settings on the ANN prediction performances. Volume, occupancy, and speed are used as inputs to predict travel times. The predictions are then compared against the travel times collected from the toll collection system in Houston, Texas. The results show speed or occupancy measured at the segment of interest may be used as the sole input to produce acceptable predictions, but all three variables together tend to yield the best prediction results. The inclusion of inputs from both upstream and downstream segments is statistically better than using only the inputs from current segment. It also appears that the magnitude of prevailing segment travel time can be used as a guideline to set up temporal input delays for better prediction accuracies. The evaluation of spatiotemporal input interactions reveals that past information on downstream and current segments is useful in improving prediction accuracy whereas past inputs from the upstream location do not provide as much constructive information. Finally, a variant of the state-space model (SSNN), namely time-delayed state-space neural network (TDSSNN), is proposed and compared against other popular ANN models. The comparison shows that the TDSSNN outperforms other networks and remains very comparable with the SSNN. Future research is needed to analyze TDSSNN's ability in corridor prediction settings.
Perfect Baer Subplane Partitions and Three-DimensionalFlag-Transitive Planes

The classification of perfect Baer subplane partitions of { PG}(2, q^2) is equivalent to the classification of 3-dimensional flag-transitive planes whose translation complements contain a linear cyclic group acting regularly on the line at infinity. Since all known flag-transitive planes admit a translation complement containing a linear cyclic subgroup which either acts regularly on the points of the line at infinity or has two orbits of equal size on these points, such a classification would be a significant step towards the classification of all 3-dimensional flag-transitive planes. Using linearized polynomials, a parametric enumeration of all perfect Baer subplane partitions for odd q is described. Moreover, a cyclotomic conjecture is given, verified by computer for odd prime powers q<200, whose truth would imply that all perfect Baer subplane partitions arise from a construction of Kantor and hence the corresponding flag-transitive planes are all known.
Resting oxygenation of rat and rabbit intestine: Arteriolar and capillary contributions

Counter-current exchange of oxygen may occur between inflow and outflow microvessels of the small intestine and greatly influence the dominant sites of tissue oxygenation. To determine the location and magnitude of potential exchange, percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (%SHb) was measured in microvessels throughout the intestine of rats and rabbits. Oxygen losses from systemic arterial blood through large and intermediate arterioles (second order, 2A) was 5-7%SHb in both species, and there was no evidence of an increase in percent saturation along intermediate and large venules. A larger loss of oxygen from arterioles and an increase in venous saturation would be evident if significant arteriolar to venular counter-current exchange of oxygen occurred in the submucosa. From 2A to the villus tip, arteriolar saturation decreased approximately 10%SHb in rabbits and approximately 15%SHb in rats; the villus tip percent saturation was 72.9 +/- 3.9%SHb in rabbits and 69.9 +/- 2.9%SHb in rats. An additional decrease of 5%SHb in rabbits and 15%SHb in rats occurred across the villus capillaries and smallest venules. Although the total reduction in percent saturation across the villi was different between the two species, 70-90% of the total arteriovenous oxygen losses occurred in the capillaries and small arterioles of the villi. We found no evidence of counter-current exchange of oxygen in villi or any other vascular region. Rather, as appears to occur in most organs, small arterioles in conjunction with capillaries dominate resting oxygen exchange to tissue.
Management of endometriosis in fertility patients

The management of endometriosis in fertility patients remains empiric. Adverse effects on every reproductive component have been reported. How to counsel couples regarding treatment and the effects of endometriosis on fertility is still uncertain.
On the nova rate in M33

As part of an ongoing program to determine the stellar population of novae, a multiepoch Hα survey of the late-type spiral galaxy M33 has been completed. The survey yielded a total of six novae over eight observing seasons in the period between 1995 and 2002. A global nova rate of 2.5 yr-1 is found, which corresponds to a luminosity-specific nova rate of 2.34 ± 0.99 × 10-10 L☉,K yr-1 when the K luminosity is calculated from a B - K color, or 2.17 ± 0.89 × 10-10 L☉,K yr-1 when using the most recent Two Micron All Sky Survey data. Our derived nova rate is significantly different from the previously published rates of 4.6 ± 0.9 and 0.45 yr-1 by Della Valle et al. and Sharov, respectively. When galaxies with measured nova rates are compared, it appears that the Magellanic Clouds (and possibly M87) may have somewhat higher luminosity-specific nova rates than those of M33 and other galaxies. Nevertheless, given the uncertainty in the measured nova rates, we find no compelling evidence that the luminosity-specific nova rate varies strongly or systematically with the Hubble type of the galaxy.
Integrated proteomic analysis of post-translational modifications by serial enrichment

We report a mass spectrometry-based method for the integrated analysis of protein expression, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation by serial enrichments of different post-translational modifications (SEPTM) from the same biological sample. This technology enabled quantitative analysis of nearly 8,000 proteins and more than 20,000 phosphorylation, 15,000 ubiquitination and 3,000 acetylation sites per experiment, generating a holistic view of cellular signal transduction pathways as exemplified by analysis of bortezomib-treated human leukemia cells.
Tandem radical-electrophilic annulations to pyrrole

Annulations to pyrrole arising from atom-transfer radical substitution, followed by electrophilic cyclization have been developed. These annulations provide for novel entries into the azabicyclo-[3.3.0] and azabicyclo-[3.4.0] ring systems.
Rapidly deteriorated failure of Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis caused by three detached commissures: report of a case.

A 58-year-old man required an emergency redo mitral valve replacement due to a rapidly deteriorating failure of the Carpentier-Edwards porcine bioprosthesis only a few days after the initial operation. The removed bioprosthesis showed that its three commissures had all peeled off each stent, which may have occurred within a short time, and caused massive, rapidly progressive trans-bioprosthesic regurgitation.
The SH3 domain-binding surface and an acidic motif in HIV-1 Nef regulate trafficking of class I MHC complexes

Nef, a regulatory protein of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses, downregulates cell surface expression of both class I MHC and CD4 molecules in T cells by accelerating their endocytosis. Fibroblasts were used to study alterations in the traffic of class I MHC complexes induced by Nef. We found that Nef downregulates class I MHC complexes by a novel mechanism involving the accumulation of endocytosed class I MHC in the trans-Golgi, where it colocalizes with the adaptor protein-1 complex (AP-1). This effect of Nef on class I MHC traffic requires the SH3 domain-binding surface and a cluster of acidic amino acid residues in Nef, both of which are also required for Nef to downregulate class I MHC surface expression and to alter signal transduction in T cells. Downregulation of class I MHC complexes from the surface of T cells also requires a tyrosine residue in the cytoplasmic domain of the class I MHC heavy chain molecule. The requirement of the same surfaces of the Nef molecule for downregulation of surface class I MHC complexes in T cells and for their accumulation in the trans-Golgi of fibroblasts indicates that the two effects of Nef involve similar interactions with the host cell machinery and involve a molecular mechanism regulating class I MHC traffic that is common for both of these cell types. Interestingly, the downregulation of class I MHC does not require the ability of Nef to colocalize with the adaptor protein-2 complex (AP-2). We showed previously that the ability of Nef to colocalize with AP-2 correlates with the ability of Nef to downregulate CD4 expression. Our observations indicate that Nef downregulates class I MHC and CD4 surface expression via different interactions with the protein sorting machinery, and link the sorting and signal transduction machineries in the regulation of class I MHC surface expression by Nef.
Diurnal Variations of Warm-Season Precipitation over Northern China

Abstract This study examines the diurnal variations of the warm-season precipitation over northern China using the high-resolution precipitation products obtained from the Climate Prediction Center’s morphing technique (CMORPH) during May–August of 2003–09. The areas of focus are the Yanshan–Taihangshan Mountain ranges along the east peripheries of the Loess and Inner Mongolian Plateaus and the adjacent North China Plains. It is found that the averaged peak in local precipitation begins early in the afternoon near the top of the mountain ranges and propagates downslope and southeastward at a speed of ∼13 m s−1. The peak reaches the central North China Plains around midnight and the early morning hours resulting in a broad area of nocturnal precipitation maxima over the plains. The diurnal precipitation peak (minimum) is closely collocated with the upward (downward) branch of a mountain–plains solenoid (MPS) circulation. Both the MPS and a low-level southwesterly nocturnal jet are likely to be jointly resp...
An efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and regeneration system for cotyledons of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

An efficient transformation and regeneration system was established for the production of transgenic spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants. Cotyledon explants were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying the selectable marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII), and the reporter gene smgfp, encoding soluble-modified green-fluorescent protein, driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. The infected explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium, containing 1 mg/l benzyladenine and 0.4 mg/l naphthaleneacetic acid. Shoots were regenerated on selection medium containing 50 mg/l kanamycin. Regenerated kanamycin-resistant shoots were rooted on medium containing 1 mg/l indolebutyric acid and subsequently grown in soil in the greenhouse. Southern blot analysis indicated that the smgfp gene had been integrated into the spinach genome. Northern and Western blots showed that the smgfp gene was expressed in progeny plants.
Further studies on the thymocyte stimulating factor.

Abstract The thymocyte-stimulating activity produced by spleen cells cultured in the presence of PHA ( cell. Immunol. 17 , 495, 1975) was further investigated. It was found that this activity is caused by a factor having the chemical properties of a protein with a molecular weight of 30,000–32,000 that, at high concentration, probably dimerizes to a molecule of molecular weight about 55,000 as measured by Sephadex gel filtration. This factor is produced also in mixed lymphocyte cultures of CBA and C57 spleen cells. The observation that the factor produced in the presence of PHA and the factor produced in the mixed lymphocyte cultures have the same molecular weight and the same rate of denaturation at two different temperatures suggests that they are the same, or very similar, substance. The fact that spleen cells of nu/nu mice do not produce thymocyte-stimulating factor suggests that thymus-dependent cells are involved in the production of this factor. This assumption is consistent with the observation that spleen cells of mice less than two weeks old (which show a very small response to PHA) do not produce significant amounts of thymocyte-stimulating factor. On the other hand, results of experiments with hydrocortisone-injected mice suggest that the target cell for thymocyte-stimulating factor is the immature, cortisone-sensitive thymocyte. The properties of thymocyte-stimulating factor are discussed and compared to those of factors with similar actions reported in the literature.
Directed Self-Assembly in Laponite/CdSe/Polyaniline Nanocomposites

Laponite films provide versatile inorganic scaffolds with materials architectures that direct the self-assembly of CdSe quantum dots (QDs or EviTags) and catalytic surfaces that promote the in situ polymerization of polyaniline (PANI) to yield novel nanocomposites for light emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cell applications. Water-soluble CdSe EviTags with varying, overlapping emission wavelengths in the visible spectrum were incorporated using soft chemistry routes within Na-Laponite host film platforms to achieve broadband emission in the visible spectrum. QD concentrations, composition and synthesis approach were varied to optimize photophysical properties of the films and to mediate self-assembly, optical cascading and energy transfer. In addition, aniline tetramers coupled to CdSe (QD-AT) surfaces using a dithioate linker were embedded within Cu-Laponite nanoscaffolds and electronically coupled to PANI via vapor phase exposure. Nanotethering and specific host-guest and guest-guest interactions that mediate nanocomposite photophysical behavior were probed using electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, optical microscopy, AFM, SEM, powder XRD, NMR and ATR-FTIR. Morphology studies indicated that Lap/QD-AT films synthesized using mixed solvent, layer by layer (LbL) methods exhibited anisotropic supramolecular structures with unique mesoscopic ordering that affords bifunctional networks to optimize charge transport.
Assembly, Intracellular Localization, and Nucleotide Binding Properties of the Human Peptide Transporters TAP1 and TAP2 Expressed by Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses

The transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) transports short peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, where peptides assemble with class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex. TAP is comprised of two subunits, termed TAP1 and TAP2. We produced recombinant vaccinia viruses that direct synthesis of the TAP subunits, either individually or together. Virus-encoded TAP is rapidly and efficiently assembled (t of 5 min or less) by cells and does not spontaneously assemble in detergent extracts. By confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, TAP1 when expressed alone or with TAP2 is largely, if not exclusively, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Metabolic labeling with [2-3H]mannose demonstrates that TAP1 (but not TAP2) possesses Asn-linked oligosaccharides, but the lack of binding of [35S]methionine-labeled TAP to concanavalin A-agarose suggests that the glycosylated form represents a minor population of TAP1. The two subunits of the assembled complex present in detergent extracts photolabeled equally with 8-azido[α-32P]ATP. Photolabeling of the two subunits was inhibited in parallel by various di- and trinucleotides, suggesting that their nucleotide binding sites function in a highly similar manner. Incubation of detergent extracts at 37°C results in the rapid loss of TAP1 immunoreactivity, indicating either an unusual sensitivity to proteases or an irreversible conformation alteration.
New Approach to Many-State Quantum Dynamics: The Recursive-Residue-Generation Method

On presente une nouvelle methode de calcul des amplitudes de transition dependantes du temps dans des systemes quantiques multietat. La methode est basee sur la generation recursive des residus des fonctions de Green
Psychotropic Medication Adherence among Community-Based Individuals with Developmental Disabilities and Mental Illness

Psychotropic medications are a common treatment for mental illness in people with developmental disabilities. Medication adherence is a critical determinant of the effectiveness of psychotropic drugs, but psychotropic medication adherence research specific to this population remains limited. This retrospective study analyzed Marketscan® Multi-State Medicaid Database 2003–2007 data. A total of 3,905 eligible community-based Medicaid enrollees aged 18–64 with dual diagnosis of developmental disability and mental illness were included and followed over an average of 510 days. Medication adherence was measured by Proportion of Days Covered (PDC), and logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with adherence. The mean PDC was 0.86, and the non-adherence rate was 25.7%. Factors associated with poor psychotropic medication adherence included minority race/ethnicity, female gender, enrollment in a Medicaid capitated plan, and having gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Better psychotropic medica...
Effects of Feeding Monensin to Lactating Goats: Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase, Hormone-Sensitive Lipase, Plasma Glucose, and Circulating Hormones

Abstract These trials explored metabolic events associated with monensin-induced changes in milk composition. In trial 1, diets containing 0 or 33 ppm monensin sodium were fed ad libitum to separate groups of 7 mature lactating goats. In trial 2, diets containing 0 or 18 ppm monensin sodium were fed ad libitum to two groups with 5 mature (>2 yr) and seven young ( Diets containing 33 ppm monensin increased serum growth hormone and plasma glucagon. Monensin (33 ppm) increased growth hormone from 13 to 60 ng/ml in samples taken 3 min after milking. Monensin (33 ppm) decreased insulin in these postmilking samples from 432 to 317 pg/ml but increased midday insulin in the samples taken between milkings from 279 to 349 pg/ml. Monensin did not affect plasma glucose or serum prolactin concentrations. Monensin fed at 18 ppm did not affect growth hormone, glucagon, adipose acetyl CoA carboxylase activity, hormone-sensitive lipase, or glucose concentrations. Young animals had higher growth hormone, glucose, and glucagon than mature does. The results indicate that effects of milk production intensity can be more important than monensin treatment on milk composition and circulating hormone concentrations.
Tumor volume as a prognostic factor for sarcomatosis

BACKGROUND The appropriate therapeutic interventions for sarcomatosis, or sarcoma characterized by intraabdominal dissemination, remain unclear. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of their recent experience with patients diagnosed with sarcomatosis to determine the overall survival and the effects of clinicopathologic features on survival rates at two and four years. METHODS A query of the authors' prospective soft tissue sarcoma database identified 51 patients with a diagnosis of sarcomatosis who were evaluated at the authors' institution between June 1996 and June 1999. Clinical and pathologic factors were evaluated, and survival was calculated using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Disease was categorized as low or high volume based on findings at surgical exploration or computed tomography scan evaluation. Disease was classified as low/intermediate grade or high grade based upon histologic examination. RESULTS Twenty five patients were male and 26 were female. The median time from the initial diagnosis of sarcoma to the development of sarcomatosis was 0.9 years (range, 0-26 years). Thirty nine patients were treated with surgery, whereas 32 received primarily nonsurgical treatment. Histology revealed gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in 33 patients and other histologies in 18 patients. The two year overall survival rate of patients with GIST was similar to that of patients with other types of sarcoma (38% versus 42%, respectively, P = 0.77). Patients with low volume disease had an overall two year survival rate of 82%, compared with only 24% for patients with high volume disease (P = 0.008). There was no difference in the overall survival rates of patients with low grade (n = 18) versus high grade tumors (n = 33, P = 0.29). With a median followup of 2.7 years (range, 0.5–26.4 years), the median time from sarcomatosis to death was 13 months (range, 4–42 months). CONCLUSIONS Evaluating volume of disease at the time of diagnosis permits stratification of patients into prognosis based subsets. We found no significant difference in two or four year survival rates in patients with GIST and those with non-GIST sarcomatosis. Cancer 2002;94:2441–6. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10504
The effect of absorbancy upon Raman intensities in solutions

Abstract Reasonable agreement is obtained in the relationship between intensities of Raman lines as measured experimentally and as calculated from an equation derived on the basis of absorbancy laws. A direct relationship between Raman intensity and concentration exists with excitation outside an absorption band, and an inverse relationship over some or all concentration ranges is found with excitation within an absorption band.
Multilayer memristive/memcapacitive devices with engineered conduction fronts

We present a novel multilayered architecture for memristive devices which provides an alternative to conventional conductive filament switching. In conventional resistive switching, conductive filaments form and extend stochastically under applied electrical bias, with longer filaments being subjected to magnified electric fields that amplify their growth rate, producing a spatially localized and highly non-uniform conduction front of filaments. This produces devices with large variations in resistive and capacitive properties that are difficult to tune. Here, we simulate a multilayered device structure with alternating ionic mobility that predicts the development of a quasi-uniform conduction front which amplifies memcapacitive properties of the device and reduces device-to-device variability. Furthermore, this novel structure is predicted to enable fine-tuned control of switching events, an important property for analog (multibit) memory and neuromorphic computing applications.
The Dynamics of Solvent Evaporation from Hydroxypropylcellulose/Methanol Solutions with Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Capability

Thin films of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)/methanol (MeOH) solutions were juxtaposed against air in a diffusion couple geometry at room temperature and the solvent was allowed to diffuse away and evaporate from the solution in a controlled manner. The diffusion couple geometry produced a uniform film for optical assessment of liquid crystalline potential between crossed polarizers. After an induction period, a stable microstructure developed in which the interior of the sample remained isotropic followed by a cholesteric liquid crystalline band, with characteristic disclination defects and texture, followed by a crystalline band nearest to the external surface. The width of the total characteristic birefringent band was measured over time and provided information concerning the dynamics and trajectory of solvent transport and evaporation from the cover slip edge. The apparent solvent diffusion coefficient for the HPC/MeOH system was measured at room temperature as a function of initial concentration. Diffusion couple optical microscopy data were compared to both solution rheological characteristics as well as model diffusion data from finite difference calculations in order to validate the observed concentration dependence of diffusion.
United Kingdom Guidelines on Counterfeit Drugs

This paper reviews the United Kingdom's experience in counterfeit medicines. Although few cases of counterfeiting have been uncovered, it is believed that these are only the tip of the iceberg, presenting a real threat to the public and to the pharmaceutical industry. The initiatives of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry, as well as the cooperation between industry, the Medicines Control Agency, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain to combat this problem are discussed.
Experiments in infrared multispectral mapping of earth resources

Two evolutionary infrared remote sensing experiments provide the basis for the development of an operational mapping capability for geology exploration. A 10-band radiometer scheduled for an early Shuttle flight has completed an aircraft flight program which demonstrated the utility of a number of narrow spectral channels. A multispectral mapper utilizing an infrared area array detector to acquire simultaneous images in multiple wavelengths is being assembled. A design concept for an operational sensor which employs area arrays for registered multispectral image data acquisition is under study. The sensor would utilize onboard spectral band selection, radiometric correction, and data compression to satisfy the demanding requirements of the user community.
A DFT study of adsorption of intermediates in the NOx reduction pathway over BaNaY zeolites

Abstract Quantum chemical calculations were employed to develop a better understanding of the adsorption properties of BaNaY interacting with molecules relevant to deNOx catalysis. First, various basis sets and levels of theory were tested for barium-containing species and gas-phase reactions, and it was shown that the choice of the basis set for barium is critical. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and SDD as the basis set was selected based on its combination of relative accuracy and speed. This level of theory was then used to calculate energies, geometries, and frequencies for acetaldehyde, acetic acid, nitromethane, and water adsorbed and in the gas phase. The predicted properties were compared to experiment where available and reasonable agreement was found. To study the effect of the zeolite framework on the adsorption properties, the size of the zeolite cluster was increased from 6 T to 36 T to 96 T using the embedded ONIOM method. Inclusion of van der Waals interactions with increasing cluster size only changed the adsorption enthalpy by a small amount for all of the adsorbates studied. It was found that the interaction between the empty 6s orbital of Ba and the lone pair orbital of the oxygen atom in the adsorbed state, revealed by natural bond orbital analysis, correlates with the adsorption enthalpy and the gas-phase charge of the oxygen atom that interacts with Ba.
The effects of tannin and protein on food preference in eastern grey squirrels

Although some mammalian generalist herbivores avoid foods high in plant secondary compounds, it has not been adequately shown that eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), who regularly encou...
The connection between sound production and jet structure of the supersonic impinging jet

An experimental investigation into the sound-producing characteristics of moderately and highly underexpanded supersonic impinging jets exhausting from a round convergent nozzle is presented. The production of large plate tones by impingement on a square plate with a side dimension equal to 12 nozzle exit diameters is studied using random and phase-locked shadowgraph photography. Discrete frequency sound is produced in the near-wall region of the jet when a Mach disk occurs upstream of the standoff shock wave. Tones cease when the plate distance is approximately 2.2 free-jet cell lengths and the first and second shock waves are located in the free-jet positions. The production of impulsive sound appears to be associated with the collapse of the standoff shock wave during a portion of the oscillation cycle. Results from unsteady plate-pressure measurements indicate that plane-wave motion occurs in the impingement region and a secondary pressure maximum is observed on the plate adjacent to the flow region where sound appears to originate.
Skin and plumage changes during the development of thermoregulatory ability in Japanese quail chicks

Abstract 1. 1. Measurements of heat transfer across skin-feather pelts of Japanese Quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) indicated a 22% increase in insulative capacity during the first 13 days after hatching. The molt from down feathers to the first juvenile plumage occurred during this time. 2. 2. Skin permeability decreased to adult levels by 13 days of age. This appeared to be due to an increase in thickness of the cornified layer of the epidermis.
Pulp lability and repair; effect of restorative procedures

Abstract An ever-increasing body of knowledge provides strong evidence that any alteration in the homeostasis of the dental pulp environment elicits a response directly commensurate with the intensity of the physiologic assault. The intrapulpal response is evident within the cells, the vascular apparatus, and the ground substance. Heat production (elevation of intrapulpal temperature) results in the most constantly reproducible changes in the pulp. All other factors being equal, the production of heat within the pulp may be singled out as the most severe stress which restorative procedures impart to the pulp.
Surface structure analysis from low-energy ion backscattering angular distributions

The angular anisotropy of the yield of low-energy ions backscattered from a single crystal can be used to image the surface unit cell of the outermost atomic plane in real space. Such an image is achieved by collecting a large solid angle of backscattered ions that have experienced a single binary collision with near-surface atoms and by detecting their trajectories with a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. Energy selection of the backscattered yield is achieved by using alkali ions, so that a large fraction of the scattered particles leave the surface in a charged state, and a retarding-field analyzer to filter out of the backscattered yield the lower energy ions, which have experienced multiple collisions. The principles behind this technique are demostrated by Monte Carlo computer simulations for the case of 3 keV Li+ incident on a Cu(001) surface, and the first experimental data collected using a new ion-scattering system designed to collect backscattered ion images of single-crystal surfaces are presented.
Spatial variability of soil properties and trace gas fluxes in reclaimed mine land of southeastern Ohio

Abstract Uneven distribution of resources in reclaimed mine land could translate in heterogeneous gas fluxes in these ecosystems, but few studies have examined this linkage. In this study, the spatial variability of CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes and soil properties was investigated at (i) a hay field (90 kg urea–N ha− 1 y− 1), and (ii) a meadow (without any grazing and fertilization since reclamation) established in 1978 and 1982, respectively on reclaimed mine land in southeastern Ohio. Using the static chamber method, gas fluxes were measured in July 2003 and May 2004 every 5 m along two 100-m long transects. Soil cores and disturbed soil samples were collected at each point to determine soil physical and chemical properties. Greater variability of soil properties at the meadow than at the hay site was found and, among the soil parameters, mineral N and N2O flux (CV up to 197%) exhibited the greatest variability. While no significant effect of landscape position on gas flux was found, several micro-depressions were identified as N2O hot spots. Relationships between soil properties and gas fluxes varied with site and gas species. The July 2003 data showed that both CO2 and N2O fluxes were significantly (P
Studies of the alkylation of niobium and tantalum halides containing 2,6-diarylphenoxide ancillary ligation

The mixed halo(aryloxide) compounds [Nb{OC6H(C6H4Me-4)2-2,6-Ph2-3,5}2Cl3], [Ta(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Br3] and [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2I3] have been isolated and structurally characterized. Although the chloride and bromide compounds are square pyramidal with an axial aryloxide, the tris(iodide) compound was determined to adopt a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid state with trans, axial aryloxides. The reaction of the tantalum tris(chlorides) [Ta(OC6H3Ph2-2,6)2Cl3] or [Ta(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Cl3] with RMgCl (R = CH2Ph or CH2SiMe3) forms the corresponding mono-, bis- and tris-(alkyls), all shown to adopt a trigonal bipyramidal geometry in the solid state with trans, axial aryloxides. In contrast the mono(cycloalkyl) compounds [Ta(OC6H3Ph2-2,6)2(CnH2n+1)Cl] (n = 5, 6) were found to adopt square pyramidal structures in the solid state with the alkyl group axial (metal pseudo-equatorial) and mutually cis aryloxides. The alkylation of the corresponding niobium substrate [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Cl3] with Me3SiCH2MgCl produced a complex mixture of products. Careful analysis including the use of 29Si NMR identified the d0-alkyl products [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Cl2(CH2SiMe3)], [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Cl(CH2SiMe3)2] and [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2(CH2SiMe3)3], the alkylidene compounds [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2Cl(=CHSiMe3)] and [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2(CH2SiMe3)(=CHSiMe3)] and the d1-alkyl [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2(CH2SiMe3)2]. Treating a benzene solution of [Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2(CH2SiMe3)2]/[Nb(OC6HPh4-2,3,5,6)2(CH2SiMe3)(=CHSiMe3)] and PMe3 at 85 °C under 1200 psi of H2 produced deep-green crystals of the d1-di(hydride) [Nb(OC6HCy2-2,6-Ph2-3,5)2(H)2(PMe3)2].