cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of Guideline-Adherent Antibiotic Treatment With Readmission of Children With Sickle Cell Disease Hospitalized With Acute Chest Syndrome.

Importance Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common, serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a leading cause of hospitalization and death in both children and adults with SCD. Little is known about the effectiveness of guideline-recommended antibiotic regimens for the care of children hospitalized with ACS. Objectives To use a large, national database to describe patterns of antibiotic use for children with SCD hospitalized for ACS and to determine whether receipt of guideline-adherent antibiotics was associated with lower readmission rates. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study including 14 480 hospitalizations in 7178 children (age 0-22 years) with a discharge diagnosis of SCD and either ACS or pneumonia. Information was obtained from 41 children’s hospitals submitting data to the Pediatric Health Information System from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016. Exposures National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline-adherent (macrolide with parenteral cephalosporin) vs non–guideline-adherent antibiotic regimens. Main Outcomes and Measures Acute chest syndrome–related and all-cause 7- and 30-day readmissions. Results Of the 14 480 hospitalizations, 6562 (45.3%) were in girls; median (interquartile range) age was 9 (4-14) years. Guideline-adherent antibiotics were provided in 10 654 of 14 480 hospitalizations for ACS (73.6%). Hospitalizations were most likely to include guideline-adherent antibiotics for children aged 5 to 9 years (3230 of 4047 [79.8%]) and declined to the lowest level for children 19 to 22 years (697 of 1088 [64.1%]). Between-hospital variation in antibiotic regimens was wide, with use of guideline-adherent antibiotics ranging from 24% to 90%. Children treated with guideline-adherent antibiotics had lower 30-day ACS-related (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-1.00) and all-cause (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39-0.64) readmission rates vs children who received other regimens (cephalosporin and macrolide vs neither drug class). Conclusions and Relevance Current approaches to antibiotic treatment in children with ACS vary widely, but guideline-adherent therapy appears to result in fewer readmissions compared with non–guideline-adherent therapy. Efforts to increase the dissemination and implementation of SCD treatment guidelines are warranted as is comparative effectiveness research to strengthen the underlying evidence base.
Contributions to Global Ocean Observations

My father, an attorney, often commented on the dynamics of legal contests: “More good stories are ruined by an eyewitness. . . .” Over the last 40 years of oceanography to which I have been witness, a similar principle has held. Theory has explained why, and models have simulated, but most of the steps in knowledge have been closely tied to observations. In part, as Walter Munk has often said, this is because “Every time we look at the ocean in a different way we learn something new.” Today, those interested in the large-scale structure and variability of the world’s oceans are blessed with an amazing array of observations with which to work. Satellites provide the most voluminous ocean data with global coverage and have supported some of the most significant increments in understanding the ocean; the first SST images made vivid the different patterns of turbulence in different regions; today altimetry and scatterometry describe evolving dynamically important fields. Over the last half-century a complementary global in situ observing system has been developed and I have been fortunate to observe some of that development. I would like to tell what I know of its story.
Categorizing cortical dysplasia lesions for surgical outcome using network functional connectivity.

Objective Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is often associated with drug-resistant epilepsy, leading to a recommendation to surgically remove the seizure focus. Predicting outcome for resection of FCD is challenging, requiring a new approach. Lesion-symptom mapping is a powerful and broadly applicable method for linking neurological symptoms or outcomes to damage to particular brain regions. In this work, the authors applied lesion network mapping, an expansion of the traditional approach, to search for the association of lesion network connectivity with surgical outcomes. They hypothesized that connectivity of lesion volumes, preoperatively identified by MRI, would associate with seizure outcomes after surgery in a pediatric cohort with FCD. Methods This retrospective study included 21 patients spanning the ages of 3 months to 17.7 years with FCD lesions who underwent surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy. The mean brain-wide functional connectivity map of each lesion volume was assessed across a database of resting-state functional MRI data from healthy children (spanning approximately 2.9 to 18.9 years old) compiled at the authors' institution. Lesion connectivity maps were averaged across age and sex groupings from the database and matched to each patient. The authors sought to associate voxel-wise differences in these maps with subject-specific surgical outcome (seizure free vs persistent seizures). Results Lesion volumes with persistent seizures after surgery tended to have stronger connectivity to attention and motor networks and weaker connectivity to the default mode network compared with lesion volumes with seizure-free surgical outcome. Conclusions Network connectivity-based lesion-outcome mapping may offer new insight for determining the impact of lesion volumes discerned according to both size and specific location. The results of this pilot study could be validated with a larger set of data, with the ultimate goal of allowing examination of lesions in patients with FCD and predicting their surgical outcomes.
A Golgi Lipid Signaling Pathway Controls Apical Golgi Distribution and Cell Polarity during Neurogenesis

Summary Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs) stimulate PtdIns-4-P synthesis and signaling in eukaryotic cells, but to what biological outcomes such signaling circuits are coupled remains unclear. Herein, we show that two highly related StART-like PITPs, PITPNA and PITPNB, act in a redundant fashion to support development of the embryonic mammalian neocortex. PITPNA/PITPNB do so by driving PtdIns-4-P-dependent recruitment of GOLPH3, and likely ceramide transfer protein (CERT), to Golgi membranes with GOLPH3 recruitment serving to promote MYO18A- and F-actin-directed loading of the Golgi network to apical processes of neural stem cells (NSCs). We propose the primary role for PITP/PtdIns-4-P/GOLPH3/CERT signaling in NSC Golgi is not in regulating bulk membrane trafficking but in optimizing apically directed membrane trafficking and/or apical membrane signaling during neurogenesis.
Discussions Relative to Unilateral Denunciation in International Organisations and Conferences

Although legal arguments advanced at international conferences have been cited or consulted for the purposes of ascertaining the rules and principles of international law, the proceedings of international organisations have not sufficiently been taken into account in determining and developing international legal norms. Apart from the fact that states have felt it necessary in recent years to act or voice their opinions individually and collectively on questions of international law at meetings of international organisations which in effect reveal the consensus of states, there are international organizations equipped with legal experts or advisers whose day-to-day opinions constitute a body of legal experience which could profitably be utilised for the purposes of strengthening and extending the contents of international law.
Maple (Acer spp.)

The genus Acer (maple) comprises a large number of species distributed worldwide, but especially in the northern hemisphere. Because of their morphological diversities and physiological complexities, only a few Acer species have received attention from researchers in diverse fields; yet they hold onto their mysteries for scientists to unravel. The maple belongs to the Aceraceae family, Dicotyledoneae class of Angiosperms (Fernald 1950). There are up to 148 wild or cultivated Acer species, widely distributed throughout North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa (Olson and Gabriel 1974). Some selected species are listed alphabetically in Table 1. Santamour (1982) has examined the cambial peroxidase isoenzyme profiles of 64 Acer taxa in relation to various intrageneric classification schemes, and has revised the classification of some species.
Is Congress Now the Broken Branch

The Broken Branch: How Congress is Failing America and How to Get It Back on Track by Tom Mann and Norm Ornstein was published in 2006. To be sure, criticism of Congress is a staple of American political discourse—the content varies, but the criticism is ubiquitous. Nevertheless, the volume of criticism has ramped up in the past decade or so, and the fact that two highly respected congressional scholars, Thomas Mann and Norman Ornstein—who are also Washington insiders and known to be sympathetic to Congress—have joined in the criticism needs to be taken seriously.
Continuous chatter of the Cascadia subduction zone revealed by machine learning

Tectonic faults slip in various manners, which range from ordinary earthquakes to slow slip events to aseismic fault creep. Slow slip and associated tremor are common to many subduction zones, and occur down-dip from the neighbouring locked zone where megaquakes take place. In the clearest cases, such as Cascadia, identified tremor occurs in discrete bursts, primarily during the slow slip event. Here we show that the Cascadia subduction zone is apparently continuously broadcasting a low-amplitude, tremor-like signal that precisely informs of the fault displacement rate throughout the slow slip cycle. Using a method based on machine learning previously developed in the laboratory, we analysed large amounts of raw seismic data from Vancouver Island to separate this signal from the background seismic noise. We posit that this provides indirect real-time access to fault physics on the down-dip portion of the megathrust, and thus may prove useful in determining if and how a slow slip may couple to or evolve into a major earthquake. Continuous seismic signal, filtered out by machine-learning methods, could help infer fault displacement in the Cascadia subduction zone.
Operational Testing of 4H-SiC JFET ICs for 60 Days Directly Exposed to Venus Surface Atmospheric Conditions

Prolonged Venus surface missions (lasting months instead of hours) have proven infeasible to date in the absence of a complete suite of electronics able to function for such durations without protection from the planet’s extreme conditions of ~460°C, ~9.3 MPa (~92 Earth atmospheres) chemically reactive environment. Here, we report testing data from a successful two-month (60-day) operational demonstration of two 175-transistor 4H-SiC junction field effect transistor (JFET) semiconductor integrated circuits directly exposed (no cooling and no protective chip packaging) to a high-fidelity physical and chemical reproduction of Venus surface atmospheric conditions in a test chamber. These results extend the longest reported duration of electronics operation in Venus surface atmospheric conditions almost threefold and were accomplished using prototype SiC JFET chips of more than sevenfold increased complexity. The demonstrated advancement marks a significant step toward realization of electronics with sufficient complexity and durability for implementing robotic landers capable of returning months of scientific data from the surface of Venus.
Targeting Mammalian Translational Inhibition with Tetracyclines

In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Mortison et al. (2018) report an in-depth mechanistic study of targets of two different tetracyclines in mammalian cells. Unbiased chemoproteomics and RNA sequence mapping help identify specific ribosomal substructures bound by tetracyclines, providing insight into the therapeutic potential for tetracyclines in many diseases.
Assessing the impact of Minnesota's return to community initiative for newly admitted nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate Minnesota's Return to Community Initiative's (RTCI) impact on community discharges from nursing homes. DATA SOURCES Secondary data were from the Minimum Data Set and RTCI staff (April 2014 - December 2016). The sample consisted of 18 444 non-Medicaid nursing home admissions in Minnesota remaining for at least 45 days, with high predicted probability of community discharge. STUDY DESIGN The RTCI facilitates community discharge for non-Medicaid nursing home residents by assisting with discharge planning, transitioning to the community, and postdischarge follow-up. A key evaluation question is how many of those transitions were directly attributable to the program. Return to Community Initiative was implemented statewide without a control group. Program impact was measured using regression discontinuity, a quasi-experimental design approach that leverages the programs targeting model. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Return to Community Initiative increased community discharge rates by an estimated 11 percent (P < 0.05) for the targeted population. The program effect was robust to time and increased with level of facility participation in RTCI. CONCLUSIONS The RTCI had a modest yet significant impact on the community discharge rates for its targeted population. Findings have been applied in strengthening the RTCI's targeting approach and transitioning process.
The Aging Brain & the Dorsal Basal Ganglia: Implications for Age-Related Limitations of Mobility.

The capacity to move is essential for independence and declines with age. Limitations in mobility impact ~35% of adults over 70 and the majority of adults over 85. These limitations are highly associated with disability, dependency, and survival. More than 25-years ago the term “sarcopenia” was coined to highlight the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength with the assumption being that sarcopenia led to limitations in mobility. However, contrary to expectations, recent findings clearly indicate these variables only modestly explain limitations in mobility. One likely reason the current sarcopenia variables of muscle mass and strength do not discriminate, or predict, mobility limitations well is because they are heavily influenced by musculoskeletal mechanisms and do not incorporate measures reflective of the central neural control of mobility. Unfortunately, the precise central neural changes associated with aging that lead to decreased mobility are poorly understood. This knowledge gap has hampered the development of effective interventions for mobility limitations and the subsequent reduction of major functional disability for older adults. Here, we discuss the potential role of the motor control circuit of the dorsal basal ganglia as well as dopaminergic function in age-related reductions in mobility.
Direct Incorporation of Exogenous Glycerol Leads to Increased Triacylglycerol Formation in Chlorella vulgaris

Algal-based biofuels have the potential to significantly impact the global use of petroleum-based fuel sources without competing with agricultural feedstocks. Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular green alga with a high growth rate and limited nutritional requirements, can produce up to 42% lipids per dry mass under stress conditions, making it a promising biofuel feedstock. Of all lipid classes, triacylglycerols (TAGs) are most desired, as three moles of fatty acids are generated from every one mole of TAGs. The process of transesterifying these fatty acids results in the generation of a glycerol waste product with little economic value. With the exposure of mixotrophically grown C. vulgaris to exogenous glycerol, overall TAG production was increased, likely as a function of lipid cycling from cell membranes. Furthermore, with the use of isotopically labeled glycerol and GC-MS, it was determined that the exogenously applied glycerol was directly incorporated into the TAG backbone, a novel finding. Thus, using the glycerol waste product of TAG transesterification has the potential to increase the efficiency of algal biofeedstocks, both by recycling a previously unused waste product as well as increasing the high-energy TAG percent within the cultures.
Cognitive correlates of cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity in Parkinson disease

Objective To investigate in a cross-sectional study the contributions of altered cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity (FC) to cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD). Methods We conducted morphometric and resting-state FC-MRI analyses contrasting 81 participants with PD and 43 age-matched healthy controls using rigorous quality assurance measures. To investigate the relationship of cerebellar FC to cognitive status, we compared participants with PD without cognitive impairment (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale score 0, n = 47) to participants with PD with impaired cognition (CDR score ≥0.5, n = 34). Comprehensive measures of cognition across the 5 cognitive domains were assessed for behavioral correlations. Results The participants with PD had significantly weaker FC between the vermis and peristriate visual association cortex compared to controls, and the strength of this FC correlated with visuospatial function and global cognition. In contrast, weaker FC between the vermis and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was found in the cognitively impaired PD group compared to participants with PD without cognitive impairment. This effect correlated with deficits in attention, executive functions, and global cognition. No group differences in cerebellar lobular volumes or regional cortical thickness of the significant cortical clusters were observed. Conclusion These results demonstrate a correlation between cerebellar vermal FC and cognitive impairment in PD. The absence of significant atrophy in cerebellum or relevant cortical areas suggests that this could be related to local pathophysiology such as neurotransmitter dysfunction.
Plasma oxalate levels in primary hyperoxaluria type I show significant intra-individual variation and do not correlate with kidney function.

Primary hyperoxalurias are rare diseases with endogenous overproduction of oxalate, thus leading to hyperoxaluria, hyperoxalemia, urolithiasis, and/or nephrocalcinosis and eventually early kidney failure. Plasma oxalate (POx) is an important diagnostic parameter in clinical studies on primary hyperoxaluria (PH). This is especially the case in kidney failure, where urinary parameters are no longer suitable. We aimed to evaluate whether POx would be an adequate endpoint for clinical studies in PH patients with stable kidney function. In addition, the correlation of POx to serum creatinine (SCr) and calculated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was examined. We retrospectively analyzed follow-up of individual POx values over time, as well as POx correlation to SCr, eGFR, and vitamin B6 (VB6), a common therapeutic in PH1. Results from 187 blood samples taken between 2009 and 2017, during routine laboratory evaluations from 41 patients with PH1 who had neither undergone dialysis nor transplantation, were evaluated. Negligibly low correlation coefficients (CCs) between POx vs. SCr (CC = -0.0950), POx vs. eGFR (CC = −0.1237), and POx vs. VB6 (CC = 0.1879) were found, with the exception of CKD stage 3a patients, who showed a positive correlation (CC of − 0.7329, POx vs eGFR). The intra-individual analysis of POx over time showed a high fluctuation of POx values. We conclude that POx has a limited validity as a primary endpoint for clinical studies in PH1 patients with stable kidney function. In addition, it does not correlate to SCr and eGFR in this group of patients.
LEON4 Based Radiation-Hardened SpaceVPX System Controller

The Advanced Processing and Communications team at Los Alamos National Laboratory has designed and manufactured a new system controller that complies with the 6U SpaceVPX (ANSI/VITA 78) specification and can function as a command- and data-handling single-board computer. The design meets the radiation hardness requirements for application in geosynchronous (GEO) and medium earth orbit (MEO), employs QMLV and Class-S components, has a conduction cooling frame, and is mechanically hardened against typical shock and vibration profiles encountered during launch. The system controller is based on the space grade GR740 quadcore LEON4 processor ASIC with a MicroChip RTG4 field programmable gate array (FPGA) to support hardware coprocessing and supply the gigabit /s serializer-deserializers (SerDes) needed for the VPX control and data planes. This module was designed to allow interoperability between OpenVPX (ANSI/VITA 65) and SpaceVPX so that lower cost hardware from the commercial world can be used during the prototyping process instead of more expensive flight like hardware. This design has 1 GByte of SDRAM with an additional ½ GByte of error detection and correction memory (EDAC). Since SDRAM is susceptible to single event functional interrupts (SEFIs), the design team used byte-wide aspect ratio memories with individual power control for recovery. This paper will discuss the performance, power consumption, and status of this design.
Autonomous Drone Networks for Sensing, Localizing and Approaching RF Targets

We present FALCON, a novel autonomous drone network system for sensing, localizing, and approaching RF targets/sources such as smartphone devices. A potential application of our system includes a disaster relief mission in which networked drones sense the Wi-Fi signal emitted from a victim's smartphone and dynamically navigate to accurately localize and quickly approach the victim, for instance, to deliver the time-critical first-aid kits. For that, we exploit Wi-Fi‘s recent Fine Time Measurement (FTM) protocol to realize the first on-drone FTM sensor network that enables accurate and dynamic ranging of targets in a mission. We propose a flight planning strategy that adapts the trajectory of the drones to concurrently favor localizing and approaching the target. Namely, our approach jointly optimizes the drones' diversity of observations while also approaching the target, while flexibly trading off the intensities of the potentially conflicting objectives. We implement FALCON via a custom-designed multi-drone platform and demonstrate up to $2\times$ localization accuracy compared to a baseline flocking approach, while spending 30% less time localizing targets.
Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is one of the acquired demyelinating neuropathies and is considered to be immune mediated. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical history, neurologic examination, electrophysiologic studies, CSF studies, and pathologic examination. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to prevent irreversible axonal loss and optimize improvement in function. The first-line agents for treatment are intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis, which have all been demonstrated to be effective in controlled studies. Studies have not shown a significant difference between these three treatments, and the initial choice of therapy is often based on availability, cost, ease of administration, and side effect profile. If patients do not respond to one of these agents, they may respond to one of the others and sometimes in combination. If the first-line agents are not effective, chemotherapeutic or immunosuppressive agents may be considered. There are limited controlled studies of these modalities, and they are often used in conjunction with a first-line treatment. The majority of patients require long-term therapy to maintain a response and to prevent relapse.
A Reappraisal of Attorneys' Fees in Bankruptcy

The current mortgage foreclosure crisis, coupled with the country’s economic downturn and escalating consumer costs, have combined to place a crippling burden on the nation’s bankruptcy system. During difficult economic times such as this, it is imperative that the bankruptcy system operate efficiently, as it provides a social safety net for both consumers and businesses. Unfortunately, there are many issues of statutory interpretation left unanswered in the Bankruptcy Code, and these issues have placed an increased burden on the country’s bankruptcy courts. This Article seeks to resolve one thorny issue of statutory interpretation: the treatment of attorneys’ fees in bankruptcy. The Supreme Court’s landmark decision, Lamie v. United States Trustee held that debtors’ attorneys’ fees are not entitled to priority treatment in bankruptcy. In the aftermath of Lamie, courts have struggled to apply its holding to a host of scenarios left unresolved by the Court’s decision. This Article attempts to create a new method for approaching the priority of attorneys’ fees in bankruptcy. It criticizes Lamie for not going far enough toward resolving the attorneys’ fees issue, and proposes a statutory amendment to the Bankruptcy Code that will harmonize the interests of both creditors and debtors who are seeking bankruptcy protection during these difficult economic times.
Decreased Cyclic GMP-protein Kinase G signaling impairs Angiogenesis in a Lamb Model of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of Newborn.

Impaired angiogenesis function of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) contributes to persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels in PPHN lead t...
Stochastic Approximation with Discontinuous Dynamics, Differential Inclusions, and Applications

This work develops new results for stochastic approximation algorithms. The emphases are on treating algorithms and limits with discontinuities. The main ingredients include the use of differential inclusions, set-valued analysis, and non-smooth analysis, and stochastic differential inclusions. Under broad conditions, it is shown that a suitably scaled sequence of the iterates has a differential inclusion limit. In addition, it is shown for the first time that a centered and scaled sequence of the iterates converges weakly to a stochastic differential inclusion limit. The results are then used to treat several application examples including Markov decision process, Lasso algorithms, Pegasos algorithms, support vector machine classification, and learning. Some numerical demonstrations are also provided.
SPH Viscous Flow Around a Circular Cylinder: Impact of Viscous Formulation and Background Pressure

Two-dimensional dynamics of the wake in transitional flow around a circular cylinder is studied using weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics scheme up to 10 cylinder diameters downstre...
Modern ESR methods in studies of the dynamic structure of proteins and membranes

A review of modern electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques for studying the dynamic structure of proteins and membranes using nitroxide spin labels is presented. In particular multiple quantum coherence FT‐ESR, multifrequency ESR based on high frequency ESR and two dimensional ESR to study the structure and dynamics of bio‐membranes and proteins are illustrated by several examples. Distances in biomolecules have been determined accurately. The details of complex dynamics in proteins and the dynamic structure of membranes were characterized.
Nitric oxide regulates Cdc25A phosphatase expression

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4907 Human Cdc25A phosphatase is an oncoprotein that acts as a major regulator of cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. The active site of Cdc25A contains an essential cysteine residue that is predicted to have a low pKa, rendering it susceptible to oxidative regulation. Thus, we hypothesized that Cdc25A is regulated indirectly by nitric oxide (NO) via the reversible S-nitrosation of this catalytic cysteine. To test this hypothesis, we introduced the human inducible nitric oxide synthase (hiNOS) cDNA into HCT-116 cells using adenoviral infection. Remarkably, hiNOS infection decreased Cdc25A protein expression by Western blot at 24 hr after infection. Also, Cdc25A expression was partially restored in hiNOS-expressing cells upon pretreatment with the NOS inhibitor N-monomethyl-L-arginine monoacetate (L-NMMA). To characterize this phenomenon further, we treated HCT-116 cells with the NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). Downregulation of Cdc25A by GSNO was time- and concentration-dependent, with the maximal effect occurring in response to 100 μM GSNO within 60 min of treatment. Although Cdc25A expression was rapidly decreased, the protein levels of Cdc25B and Cdc25C were unchanged in response to GSNO treatment. Using p53 wild-type and p53 null or inactive cell lines, we established that GSNO decreased Cdc25A expression independent of p53 status. Analysis of Cdc25A mRNA expression by RT-PCR suggested that GSNO did not affect the mRNA levels of Cdc25A. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we observed that Cdc25A upstream regulator Chk1, but not Chk2 or γH2AX, was phosphorylated with kinetics consistent with Cdc25A downregulation, suggesting that activation of Chk1 may be regulating Cdc25A expression in response to NO. In summary, these results suggest that nitric oxide regulates expression of Cdc25A, and provide evidence for a potential link between cell cycle regulation and nitric oxide production in disease states such as inflammation and cancer. This research was supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (CA78039).
Prematurity, sudden infant death syndrome, and age of death

Objective. To determine if preterm infants are at greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) than term infants and to determine if the postconceptional age of SIDS deaths varies by gestational age at birth. Methods. A cohort analysis was conducted using data from the 1987 United States9 Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Certificate tapes. SIDS was defined as the death of any infant who was >24 weeks gestation at birth; weighed >500 g at birth; was assigned an International Classification of Diseases-9th Revision (ICD-9) underlying cause of death of 7980; and had an autopsy. Results. The overall SIDS rate using our definition was 1.20 deaths/1000 live births. The SIDS rates by gestational age categories of 24 to 28 weeks, 29 to 32 weeks, 33 to 36 weeks, and 37 or more weeks were 3.52, 3.01, 2.27, and 1.06 deaths/1000 live births, respectively. Because of misclassification of gestational age among the most preterm infants, a restricted analysis was conducted on SIDS victims whose gestational ages fell within cutoff values derived from a methodology that excluded gestational age assessments assumed to be invalid. This subgroup analysis showed a mean (standard deviates) postconceptional age of death for SIDS for infants of 24 to 28 weeks, 29 to 32 weeks, and 33 to 36 weeks gestation to be 45.8 (8.3), 47.3 (8.6), and 48.0 (8.3) weeks, respectively, compared with 52.3 (8.5) weeks for term infants (ANOVA P = .0001). Conclusions. We infer from this analysis that preterm infants are at higher risk for SIDS than term infants, and that the postconceptional age of peak vulnerability for SIDS may differ by 4 to 6 weeks between preterm and term infants.
Comparison of a photochemical model with observations of mesospheric hydroxyl and ozone

[1] We present a comparison of a photochemical model with mesospheric hydroxyl (OH) data from the Spatial Heterodyne Imager for Mesospheric Radicals (SHIMMER) and mesospheric ozone (O3) data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER). Although SHIMMER and SABER do not measure the atmosphere coincidently, by sampling the photochemical model at the appropriate local time of each measurement, an effective concurrent test of mesospheric odd oxygen and odd hydrogen theory can be achieved. Consistent with previous, more limited analyses of SHIMMER data, we find no evidence of a systematic model overprediction of mesospheric OH. However, at 80 km, the standard chemical scheme shows a model deficit in the morning hours and a dramatic model excess in the late afternoon. Using a higher rate coefficient for the H + O2 + M → HO2 + M reaction ameliorates this problem. Such a higher rate is consistent with the only reported laboratory measurements at the low temperatures appropriate to the mesosphere. Regarding the SABER ozone, the model significantly underpredicts the data. Some of this could be explained by a previously reported, systematic high bias to the SABER ozone, and comparisons of our model with Microwave Limb Sounder data support that suggestion. Nonetheless, a persistent model ozone deficit remains. Since the model agreement with SHIMMER OH is generally very good, this model ozone deficit is unlikely to be due to a mischaracterization of mesospheric HOx.
Integrating Spiritual Perspectives with the Law School Experience: An Essay and an Invitation

Reports of burn-out, disillusionment, and stress abound in modern literature as the legal profession faces a period of rapid change and sobering self-reflection on the ways in which it should operate as an honorable and noble profession.In a seemingly unrelated development, there is a steadily growing interest in the spirituality of modern professional life. As those in other fields have also grappled with both outward critique and inward self-reflection, the past several years have seen a renewed interest in the spiritual aspects of worldly occupations. As time goes on and interest in spirituality and professional life increases, the legal profession - and, therefore, law schools - may inevitably join other professions in considering the place of spirituality within their institutional life.This Essay will reflect on the ways in which the traditional life of law schools may be colored by a new emphasis on spirituality. This Essay will not delve into an extensive theological thesis about the definition of spirituality or the practical and philosophical nuances of the spiritual life. Rather, the pages that follow are an invitation to begin a discussion of spirituality within the life of American law schools. This Essay begins with a discussion of spirituality in professional life generally.It is against this backdrop that the Essay will then move to a more particularized discussion of spirituality in the context of law practice and legal education. Specifically, it will draw attention to some of the complexities of the legal profession that may make it particularly difficult to incorporate spiritual perspectives in this arena. Law schools - like the legal profession generally - face particular problems when they attempt to integrate spirituality in law school life. At first, the blend of law study and spiritual pursuits may appear to be an incompatible one; the Essay will explore some of the reasons for this perceived or real incompatibility. It will then offer some concrete suggestions - with no simple formula! - for integrating spiritual perspectives in law school. It ends with an invitation to pursue the spiritual life of law school, and welcome the benefits it brings.
Dicumarol, its action, clinical use and effectiveness as an anticoagulant drug.

Abstract Dicumarol is a potent and valuable anticoagulant drug. When used properly it appears to prevent intravascular thrombosis in almost all patients. There is considerable and unpredictable variation in sensitivity to dicumarol among different patients. Dosage of dicumarol must be guided by the effect produced in each patient as indicated by the degree and duration of prothrombin deficiency which develops and is indicated by determinations of the concentration of prothrombin in the blood. It is unwise to use dicumarol unless adequate facilities for determining the prothrombin time are available. If the prothrombin is kept between 10 and 30 per cent of normal by administration of dicumarol, thrombosis will almost certainly be prevented and serious bleeding is very unlikely to occur. The action of dicumarol is delayed. When a rapid anticoagulant effect is desired concurrent heparinization is necessary for the first few days. We have found that dicumarol has prevented fatal pulmonary embolism and recurrence or extension of venous thrombosis in patients who have had postoperative nonfatal pulmonary embolism or thrombophlebitis. There is some incomplete evidence to the effect that it will prevent peripheral thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and further coronary thrombosis in patients who have had acute myocardial infarction. Dicumarol with preliminary heparinization is valuable in the treatment of acute arterial occlusion of the extremities. It has also been used safely in patients in whom thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism complicated the puerperium and various diseases, in patients with idiopathic recurrent thrombophlebitis and in those with chronic occlusive arterial disease. While statistical confirmation is lacking, it is our impression that in many of these patients thrombosis and embolism have been prevented by administration of dicumarol.
Anomalous Emission from HII regions

Spinning dust appears to be the best explanation for the anomalous emission that has been observed at $\sim 10-60$ GHz. One of the best examples of spinning dust comes from a HII region in the Perseus molecular cloud. Observations of other HII regions also show tentative evidence for excess emission at frequencies $\sim 30$ GHz, although at lower emissivity levels. A new detection of excess emission at 31 GHz in the HII region RCW175 has been made. The most plausible explanation again comes from spinning dust. HII regions are a good place to look for spinning dust as long as accurate radio data spanning the $\sim 5-100$ GHz range is available.
A multi-metric index for euclidean and periodic matching

In many classification and data-mining applications the user does not know a priori which distance measure is the most appropriate for the task at hand without examining the produced results. Also, in several cases, different distance functions can provide diverse but equally intuitive results (according to the specific focus of each measure). In order to address the above issues, we elaborate on the construction of a hybrid index structure that supports query-by-example on shape and structural distance measures, therefore lending enhanced exploratory power to the system user. The shape distance measure that the index supports is the ubiquitous Euclidean distance, while the structural distance measure that we utilize is based on important periodic features extracted from a sequence. This new measure is phase-invariant and can provide flexible sequence characterizations, loosely resembling the Dynamic Time Warping, requiring only a fraction of the computational cost of the latter. Exploiting the relationship between the Euclidean and periodic measure, the new hybrid index allows for powerful query processing, enabling the efficient answering of kNN queries on both measures in a single index scan. We envision that our system can provide a basis for fast tracking of correlated time-delayed events, with applications in data visualization, financial market analysis, machine monitoring/diagnostics and gene expression data analysis.
Ischemic preconditioning does not improve peak exercise capacity at sea level or simulated high altitude in trained male cyclists.

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may improve blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues, including skeletal muscle, and has the potential to improve intense aerobic exercise performance, especially th...
Three-dimensional modeling of facial nerve VII (726.3)

Due to its long and complicated trajectory through the cranium, facial nerve VII (CN VII) can be damaged in surgeries, sometimes resulting in facial muscle paralysis. We created a three-dimensional (3D) model based on data from dissection of the nerve in a human cadaver in order to give physicians a greater in vivo knowledge of the pathway of CN VII. We dissected the lateral side of the right half of the head to the level of the parotid gland, identified the parotid plexus of CN VII, and followed its five branches. In addition, we are currently following the nerve through the internal auditory meatus on its pathway through the temporal bone. We imaged the head using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The resulting images served as the anatomical template for the reconstructed nerve model. After completing the dissection, we tracked the nerve trajectory using a MicroScribe 3D Digitizer in the context of other nearby structures. The resulting map will aid surgeons by increasing accuracy when performing remov...
Accelerating cosmologies tested by distance measures

Abstract We test if the latest Gold set of 182 SNIa or the combined “Platinum” set of 192 SNIa from the ESSENCE and Gold sets, in conjunction with the CMB shift parameter show a preference between the Λ CDM model, three w CDM models, and the DGP model of modified gravity as an explanation for the current accelerating phase of the universe's expansion. We consider flat w CDM models with an equation of state w ( a ) that is (i) constant with scale factor a , (ii) varies as w 0 + w a ( 1 − a ) for redshifts probed by supernovae but is fixed at −1 at earlier epochs and (iii) varies as w 0 + w a ( 1 − a ) since recombination. We find that all five models explain the data with comparable success.
Retrofugal electron flux from massive targets irradiated with a monoenergetic primary beam.

Nearly monoenergetic electrons in collimated beam directed at normal incidence onto thick targets ranging in atomic number from Be to U
Congenital and Developmental Anomalies of the Cervical Spine in Athletes—Current Concepts

Congenital abnormalities of the cervical spine are uncommon among athletes. Radiographic criteria for congenital or developmental spinal stenosis remain uncertain and the decision to return to play is still based upon low-level evidence. This article discusses the radiographic imaging of congenital or developmental anomalies of the cervical spine and the current concepts related to the decision-making process concerning the return to professional contact or collision sports among athletes.
Regulation of Bowel Function by a Laxative/Stool Softener Preparation in Aged Nursing Home Patients

A 12-week program for 42 chronically constipated patients in a nursing home involved a graduated dosage regimen of standardized senna concentrate with dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Senokot-S Tablets), a high-fiber diet, and an increased fluid intake. The program achieved a satisfactory pattern of bowel evacuation in 36 (86 percent) of these patients. This pattern, as observed during a 4-week follow-up period while therapy was continued, was characterized by absence of fecal impactions, regular comfortable bowel movements of appropriate consistency, minimal or no straining at stool, and minimal or no resort to enemas. In the initial 2-week control period, none of the 42 patients had responded adequately to only dietary modification and increased hydration. Six additional patients whose response to the control regimen was equivocal, also appeared to benefit from the medication program. Two of these were able to discontinue the laxative tablets completely by the end of the 12-week test period. None of the 48 patients who completed the course experienced any adverse effects related to this rehabilitative program.
Learning about Mason: A Collaborative Lesson with a Struggling Reader.

In this Struggling Readers department, the author describes the collaborative lesson—a professional development strategy adapted from Reading Recovery. Collaborative lessons involve a small group of educators who collaborate to help a student who is struggling with reading. While collaborative lessons were initially designed by Reading Recovery professionals, they can be implemented with any struggling reader. في قسم القراء المواجهين صعوبات في القراءة هذا، يصف المؤلف الدرس المتعاون—إستراتيجية تنمية حرفة مقتبسة من برنامج استعادة القراءة. وتضم الدروس المتعاونة مجموعة من المعلمين الذين يتعاونون لمساعدة طالب يواجه صعوبة في القراءة. ومع أن الدروس المتعاونة كانت مصممة أولا على أيدي محترفي استعادة القراءة فإنها قد تنفذ مع أي قارئ مواجه صعوبة في القراءة. 作者在这个「有阅读困难的阅读者」的部门中描述一项协作教学，该项协作教学是改编自《恢复阅读能力教学方案》的一个专业培训策略。该协作教学课堂是由一小组的教育工作者协同帮助一名有阅读困难的学生。该协作教学课堂最初是由《恢复阅读能力教学方案》的专业人员设计，可以施教给任何有阅读困难的阅读者。 Dans cette rubrique Lecteurs en difficulte, presente la lecon en cooperation — une strategie de developpement professionnel adaptee de Recuperation de la lecture. Les lecons en cooperation comportent un petit groupe de pedagogues qui cooperent pour aider un eleve en difficulte en lecture. Bien que les lecons en cooperation ont ete concues a l'origine par des professionnels de Recuperation de la lecture, il est possible de les mettre en place pour n'importe quel lecteur en difficulte. В этом выпуске рубрики, посвященной проблемам детей, которым чтение дается нелегко, автор описывает “урок сотрудничества” – стратегию, взятую из программы “Возрождение чтения” (BP). На уроках сотрудничества небольшая группа педагогов объединяется для помощи слабо читающим ученикам. Изначально в этом формате имели право работать только профессионалы, прошедшие обучение по программе BP, но теперь эти методы адаптированы и их могут применять все учителя, работающие со слабо читающими школьниками. En esta seccion de Lectores con Dificultades, el autor describe la leccion de colaboracion—una estrategia de desarrollo profesional adaptada de Reading Recovery. Las lecciones de colaboracion envuelven a un pequeno grupo de profesores que colaboran para ayudar al estudiante que tiene dificultades con la lectura. Aunque las lecciones de colaboracion fueron disenadas originalmente por profesionales de Reading Recovery, funcionan con cualquier lector con dificultades.
Prenatal confirmation of true fetal trisomy 22 mosaicism by fetal skin biopsy following normal fetal blood sampling

Trisomy 22 mosaicism diagnosed at 20 weeks' gestation by amniocentesis in a 35-year-old woman was not confirmed by fetal blood sampling. Subsequent fetal skin biopsy revealed trisomy 22 in 7 of the 15 fibroblasts analysed. We conclude that, depending on the chromosome involved, fetal skin biopsy should be considered in the diagnostic work-up when mosaicism is found in amniotic fluid.
An Analysis of Airborne Measurements of Vertical Water Vapor Flux During BOMEX

Abstract The initial analysis of the water vapor flux measurements taken onboard a NOAA DC-6 during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) is presented. The flux of water vapor seems to be constant in the lower subcloud layer. Day-to-day variations, as well as variations within a day are apparent in the evaporation data. Spatial variations of evaporation also seem to be present. The average value of water vapor flux for the experimental period is ∼0.5 cm day−1. Spectra of the instantaneous flux reveal significant alongwind-crosswind differences. Height variation of the wavelength of maximum spectral density for crosswind runs is confirmed. The instantaneous flux is intermittent in nature. Consideration of the cross spectra and time series signatures allows some speculation upon models which may be responsible for a major portion of the water vapor transport in the lower subcloud layer during BOMEX.