cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Similarity Design of Rolling Ball Bearing in Bearing Rotor System

For bearing dynamic similarity design problem of bearing-rotor system scale model,the dynamic similar criterion of rolling ball bearing was established on the basis of dimensional analysis and similarityπtheorem.Similar relations of all dynamic parameters between the model and prototype were obtained.Based on stiffness calculation formula of rolling ball bearing,similar relations between stiffness and basic parameters were achieved.Meanwhile the contact total deformation and minimum oil film thickness were calculated and verified.The validity and practicability of the as-established relations are illustrated in design of actual bearing-rotor model through a design example.
Analysis of Methane Emission Reduction Effect and Factors on Farmers' Adoption Behavior

Using quantitative analysis method,based on statistical reports,the paper analyzes effects of methane emissions.The results showed that: from 2000 to 2009,the average methane consumption in rural areas was equivalent to 6.022 million t of standard coal consumption,and was equivalent to 8.434 238 million t of coal consumption.In 2009,by $ 10/ t CO2 terms,the profit of China's rural CO2 emissions made by methane substituting coal in the rural areas was $ 43 million.It is estimated that by 2015,China's rural household methane will reach 23.3 billion m3,plus large-scale farms' and farming communities' methane production of 670 million m3,a total of 23.97 billion m3,equivalent to 17 114 600 t standard coal,with the revenue of $ 171 million.Using survey of 160 households in Hunan which is a typical methane province in China,the paper builds the model to analyze the effects the 20 variables(including the basic situation of households,production status,cognitive,economic status,etc.) to farmers' adoption behavior of methane.The results show that farmers' sex,age,participation in associations,environmental awareness,and external financial support for farmers,play either positive or negative impacts on farmers' adoption behavior.From the perspective of reduction,the importance of further rural methane construction is demonstrated in the paper.From the perspective of factors of farmers' behavior,it is demonstrated that to promote methane development in rural areas is a complex system involving publicity,training,service,technology,associations,and funds,etc.
Central Nervous System Control of Voice and Swallowing.

Summary:This review of the central nervous control systems for voice and swallowing has suggested that the traditional concepts of a separation between cortical and limbic and brain stem control should be refined and be more integrative. For voice production, a separation of the nonhuman vocalizatio
Whole-Exome Sequencing in Two Extreme Phenotypes of Response to VEGF-Targeted Therapies in Patients With Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Advances in next-generation sequencing have provided a unique opportunity to understand the biology of disease and mechanisms of sensitivity or resistance to specific agents. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease and highly variable clinical responses have been observed with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy (VEGF-TT). We hypothesized that whole-exome sequencing analysis might identify genotypes associated with extreme response or resistance to VEGF-TT in metastatic (mRCC). Patients with mRCC who had received first-line sunitinib or pazopanib and were in 2 extreme phenotypes of response were identified. Extreme responders (ERs) were defined as those with partial response or complete response for 3 or more years (n=13) and primary refractory patients (PRPs) were defined as those with progressive disease within the first 3 months of therapy (n=14). International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium prognostic scores were not significantly different between the groups (P=.67). Considering the genes known to be mutated in RCC at significant frequency, PBRM1 mutations were identified in 7 ERs (54%) versus 1 PRP (7%) (P=.01). In addition, mutations in TP53 (n=4) were found only in PRPs (P=.09). Our data suggest that mutations in some genes in RCC may impact response to VEGF-TT.
Community Context and Connections in the Development of a Parenting Support Curriculum for Low-Income African-American Families

Grounded in my participation in the University of Minnesota Community-engaged Scholars Program, this article presents a case study of community-based ethnographic and participant-observation methods used to embed local context into the foundation of a parent education and empowerment approach to address the achievement gap by race, poverty, and place in one neighborhood in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The case study demonstrates how context-specific wisdom and expertise of parents and community members is a critical foundation for tailoring appropriate research-based curricular components.
Towards simple methods for mass production of suspended graphene

This paper reports simple fabrication approaches that can be used to generate a suspended graphene sheet with the desired thickness, while eliminating the need for a crytical point dryer. Two methods have been developed to achieve a large suspended area of graphenes. In the first approach, SF 6 plasma was used to make holes or channels with specific dimensions. Then micromechanical exfoliation was applied to deposit the graphene sheet suspended over these channels or holes. In the second method, we used SF 6 plasma to make suspended graphenes by undercutting planar graphenes. To tune the number of graphene layers, thick graphene samples was etched layer by layer until the desired thickness was obtained. Additionally, the effect of using various plasmas etching (SF 6 or O 2 ) on the layer-by-layer graphene removal has been studied. Raman spectra of plasma-treated graphenes have shown higher amount of defects in case of SF 6 , specially for thin graphene sheet. However, these surface defects could be recovered by annealing the samples in an argon environment at about 1000 °C.
Translational Correlation: Myasthenia Gravis and Other Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

Abstract Myasthenia is a Greek term for muscle weakness. Gravis is a Latin word meaning severe. The hallmark of myasthenia gravis (MG) is fluctuating, fatigable, painless muscle weakness that becomes worse with exertion or exercise and toward the end of the day. The weakness is dynamic rather than fixed. Diplopia and ptosis are commonly seen as the initial presentation. On physical examination, eliciting fatigable weakness is usually the key feature of MG. The MG antibody (Ab) testing is commonly used in clinical practice for diagnosis. Pyridostigmine and different types of immunotherapy have been used successfully to treat MG. Autoimmune Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and botulism are the most common presynaptic neuromuscular junction disorders. LEMS is caused by IgG Abs directed against voltage-gated calcium channels at the presynaptic motor nerve terminal. Botulism is caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , which secrets different types of botulinum neurotoxins.
The Role of Beach Nourishment on the Success of Invasive Asiatic Sand Sedge

Abstract Beach nourishment, or artificial addition of sediment to a beach, a common practice for rebuilding beaches for recreation and storm protection, can have positive or negative effects on the flora and fauna of dune communities. There has been little work exploring the consequences of nourishment on the impacts of invasive plant species that thrive on dunes. In this study, we explored the impacts of nourishment on the invasiveness of Carex kobomugi (Asiatic Sand Sedge) in secondary dune communities composed primarily of Ammophila breviligulata (American Beachgrass) and Solidago sempervirens (Seaside Goldenrod) at 3 study sites at Island Beach State Park in New Jersey, testing the hypothesis that nourishment promotes sedge invasion. Dune communities were subjected to 5 burial depth treatments in ∼15-cm increments ranging from 0 (control) to 60 cm (∼24 inches) burial. Growth responses were monitored by quantifying emergent individuals and by harvesting all aboveground biomass at the end of the season....
Toward a Vision of Vocation

Even as Christian colleges and universities point to mission statements steeped in the theological traditions of their founders, clarity of identity and purpose do not always follow. One of the essential things such institutions can do to clarify their sense of direction is to foster a vision of vocation, whereby the goals of teaching, learning, research, and the like are motivated by and oriented toward a divine calling. In this essay, Davis explores the notion of vocation through the work of A.J. Conyers. Davis explains that vocation, exemplified through the biblical example of Lazarus, suggests how faith animates learning. He also describes how one program at Baylor University—named in honor of Conyers—pursues a vision of vocation.
Opioid use in gynecologic oncology in the age of the opioid epidemic: Part II - Balancing safety & accessibility

As the only oncologists that provide both medical and surgical care, gynecologic oncologists encounter an exceptionally broad range of indications for prescribing opioids in clinical situations ranging from management of acute post-operative pain to chronic cancer-related pain to end-of-life care. While opioids are essential to the practice of gynecologic oncology, they can also have significant side effects and can be misused. Due to the explosive growth of opioid prescriptions and opioid-related overdoses and deaths during the first decade of the 21st century, there has been a recent concerted public health effort to prevent and treat opioid misuse through both legislation and education [1]. The first article in this two part series focused on appropriate use of opioids across clinical settings. This article addresses both the clinical and regulatory aspects of balancing opioid safety and accessibility for patients with gynecologic cancer.
Virtual outdoor air flow meter for an existing HVAC system in heating mode

Abstract Measurements from the operation of Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) system are collected by Building Automation System (BAS) mostly for control purpose. In many air handling units (AHUs) the airflow meter is not installed on the outdoor air stream to reduce the initial costs. To provide such a missing information needed for the ongoing commissioning of HVAC system, a virtual flow meter (VFM) should be implemented in the BAS. This paper presents VFMs for the heating season when the heat recovery coils are used. Two models are presented which predict the outdoor air ratio (factor α), in the absence of such an air flow meter, by using BAS trend data. Two energy balance equations, one for the air mixing box and another for the heat recovery coils, are coupled. The results from a case study building show that the two models predict the daily average outdoor air ratio of 0.89 and 0.87, respectively, compared with the reference daily average ratio of 0.86.
Going against the Grain: Gender-Specific Media Education in Catholic High Schools

The Catholic Church has addressed the power of media, as well as the critical importance of understanding and educating Catholic youth on the media’s role and place in modern culture. In this article, the narratives of female Catholic teachers are prioritized to illustrate how gender-specific media education influences the schooling experiences of female high school youth. Eleven Catholic teachers participated in critical media literacy workshops to address the need to both understand and counter the powerful and often dangerous media messages targeted at girls. This is an exploratory study attempting to understand the possibilities of gender-specific education for our Catholic youth. A media literacy framework provides the lens through which the researcher analyzes the data and asserts that gender-specific media education provides a space for Catholic girls to engage in academic and faith-based acts of inquiry in innovative and relevant ways. As a result, gender-specific media education sets the stage for the development of female Catholic voices.
Periodicities Near 160 Minutes in Flare Occurrence

The 160.01-min periodicity was originally found from line-of-sight velocities of the photosphere, and Kotov and Tsap reported a detection of the same periodicity in flare occurrence times. Intrigued by this, I analyze occurrence times of flares of cycles 19–23 to investigate periodicities in the neighborhood of 160 min, cycle by cycle. The 160.01-min periodicity is not detected from any cycle. However, a 160.69 min periodicity is detected in the spectrum for cycle 19, and a 160.32-min periodicity is detected in the power spectrum for major flares of cycle 21. The 160.32-min periodicity did not influence the occurrence rate of flares with X-ray classes below M3.0. Among major flares, the amplitude of modulation increases with increasing X-ray class.
A “Sweet” Activity to Teach Basic Population Estimation Principles, Community Diversity Assessment, and Mathematical Reasoning to Biology Students

In this article, we describe how to utilize differently colored M&M candies to represent species within a simulated biological community, and obtain population and diversity estimates utilizing Lincoln-Petersen and Shannon-Weaver methods, respectively. Through use of this activity, our students gain a better understanding of mathematical applications in biological research, and are exposed to basic census and community analysis techniques utilized by practicing biologists. Additionally, this activity may be utilized in various instructional situations where, otherwise, it might prove impractical to take students on a fieldtrip to allow practice of these procedures.
Exploring Virtual Reality for Developing Soft-Skills in STEM Education

The 21st century workplace is an increasingly intercultural and collaborative environment. As a result, soft skills are being recognized as deficient in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) graduates, as documented in a survey commissioned by the Association of American Colleges and Universities. The social sciences and humanities lag significantly behind science and medicine in the utilization of the new immersive technologies such as virtual reality. Our program seeks to improve essential workplace skills for STEM students through experiential case studies, experienced in immersive virtual reality simulation modules that immerse students in intercultural leadership scenarios. Experiencing something from a distance is a new type of collaborative technology known as telehora. The simulations will be recorded in two genres: via 360-degree cameras utilizing real actors and with computer generated imagery characters. The two recording genres will be compared to determine if they have differential impacts on student presence, engagement, and education outcomes. The modules will be playable on traditional computers as well as virtual reality hardware. We will also compare high-cost virtual reality hardware to low-cost virtual reality and traditional computers, examining how student engagement and outcomes are affected by the different delivery mediums. The research methods to examine the differential impact of simulation genre and delivery medium will include student self-report, facial emotion detection, and a combination of galvanic skin response and electromyography/electrocardiography. The combination of methods will give insights into the effectiveness of the interventions on traditional outcomes as well as giving researchers a better understanding of emotion's role in intercultural leadership behaviors. Students will be active participants in the virtual environment, capable of both responding to and looking around in the virtual environment. Students will experience firsthand how the choices they make within the modules change the outcomes of the case. The modules present potential to be deployed in traditional classrooms, online classrooms, and as self-study. Once created, the modules can easily be scaled to provide a safe and replicable experience for large student cohorts with the potential to expand to multiple universities and be used in industry. Students are unable to gain these experiences through formal education by other means, making the experiences good candidates for virtual reality application. A variety of outcomes will be examined, including development in the Intercultural Development Inventory, leadership competencies, and collaborative problem solving skills. The program will provide an immersive and safe learning environment for students to experience and participate in intercultural leadership scenarios that cannot be replicated in traditional classrooms.
Using imaging biomarkers to predict radiation induced xerostomia in head and neck cancer

In this study, we analyzed baseline CT- and MRI-based image features of salivary glands to predict radiation-induced xerostomia after head-and-neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy. A retrospective analysis was performed on 216 HNC patients who were treated using radiotherapy at a single institution between 2009 and 2016. CT and T1 post-contrast MR images along with NCI-CTCAE xerostomia grade (3-month follow-up) were prospectively collected at our institution. Image features were extracted for ipsilateral/contralateral parotid and submandibular glands relative to the location of the primary tumor. Dose-volume-histogram (DVH) parameters were also acquired. Features that were correlated with xerostomia (p<0.05) were further reduced using a LASSO logistic regression. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers were used to predict xerostomia under five conditions (DVH-only, CT-only, MR-only, CT+MR, and DVH+CT+MR) using a ten-fold cross validation. The prediction performance was determined using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). DeLong’s test was used to determine the difference between the ROC curves. Among extracted features, 13 CT, 6 MR, and 4 DVH features were selected. The ROC-AUC values for GLM/SVM classifiers with DVH, CT, MR, CT+MR and all features were 0.72±0.01/0.72±0.01, 0.73±0.01/0.68±0.01, 0.68±0.01/0.63±0.01, 0.74±0.01/0.75±0.01, and 0.78±0.01/0.79±0.01, respectively. DeLong’s test demonstrated an improved in AUC for both classifiers with the addition of all features compared to DVH, CT, and MR-alone (p<0.05) and the SVM CT+MR model (p=0.03). The integration of baseline image features into prediction models has the potential to improve xerostomia risk stratification with the ultimate goal of personalized HNC radiotherapy.
Non-Archimedean preferences over countable lotteries

Abstract We prove a representation theorem for preference relations over countably infinite lotteries that satisfy a generalized form of the Independence axiom, without assuming Continuity. The representing space consists of lexicographically ordered transfinite sequences of bounded real numbers. This result is generalized to preference orders on abstract superconvex spaces.
Setting the stage for Social Emotional Learning (SEL) policy and the arts

Social Emotional Learning (SEL), like the arts, has accompanied human life throughout its existence. SEL refers to our capacity to recognize emotions in ourselves and others and manage them appropr...
COUNTY-LEVEL DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL DISTANCING (OR LACK THEREOF) DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

We study the relationship between a number of socioeconomic, demographic, and political variables and county-level measures of social mobility in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. We find that higher income, more educated populations, older populations, a higher share of Asian residents, a higher share of residents in a formal religious institution, and the early presence of the virus all significantly correlate with reduced mobility. A higher share of the resident population that is Black or Hispanic or a greater vote share for Donald Trump in the 2016 election significantly predict smaller mobility declines. (JEL R20, R23, R28).
How Does Undergraduate Debt Affect Graduate School Application and Enrollment

This study estimates the short- and long-term effects of undergraduate educational debt on students' decisions to apply and to enroll in graduate school after completing requirements for a baccalaureate degree, using marginal mean weighting through stratification method (MMW-S) to analyze data from the National Center for Education Statistics Baccalaureate and Beyond 2008–2012 (B&B 08-12) survey. Although we find that historically and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups tend to accumulate higher levels of educational debt, our results indicate minimal effects of undergraduate debt on graduation school application and enrollment. We find no differences by race/ethnicity, family income, or status as a first-generation baccalaureate recipient in the effects of educational debt on graduate school application or enrollment.
OHNS Residency Program and Applicant Social Media Presence During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives:In addition to clinical and social disruption, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many aspects of the otolaryngology residency application process. With delays...
Reading McLuhan reading (and not reading)

Sixty years after Understanding Media, Marshall McLuhan remains one of the best known and most influential intellectuals of the twentieth century. Far beyond academia, readers (and non-readers) rec...
Commitment: Values and Professional Goal Setting

This chapter reviews the use of commitment practices as they relate to prevention and intervention in burnout and TRES, specifically how clarifying our values influences our personal and professional goals, thereby assisting us in our commitment to living a values-based life. To best identify our values, it is important to understand how we conceptualize ourselves (self-as-context) and how our self-concept can play a role in our professional health and well-being. Heartfulness, gratitude, and compassion satisfaction are explored in this idea of self-as-context as buffers against burnout and TRES, along with temporary and enduring self-care strategies. Identifying personal and professional values to set values-based goals is a focus, which can realign us in a healthy way with our helper identity.
The COVID-19 Outbreak and the HIV Pandemic

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has imposed considerable stress on healthcare systems throughout the world, further complicating treatment of HIV and access to care for HIV patients. The many challenges that persons living with HIV must negotiate daily are now accentuated by COVID-19 imposed constraints. This includes the repetition and magnification of stigma, loss, isolation, psychological trauma complicated by healthcare disparities, additional barriers to accessing care, and depletion of already strained healthcare resources. The COVID-19 outbreak also introduces a new and perilous threat of COVID-19 and HIV comorbidity. Numerous challenges that arise with the COVID-19 pandemic also provide opportunities for persons with HIV to strengthen their individual coping skills, build resilience, and become a resource for their communities.
DNA Replication Fork Movement Rates in Mammalian Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the DNA replication fork-movement rates in mammalian cells. The DNA replication rate is formed by two components: the number of actively operating replicating units (replicons) and the average linear rate at which the DNA replication fork moves along the parental DNA (DNA fork movement rate). The first report of fork-movement rates utilized DNA fiber autoradiography. Several ultracentrifugal methods have been used to estimate DNA fork movement rates. These methods utilize the distribution of DNA along a gradient in an ultracentrifuge tube. The gradient can measure differences in molecular weight or differences in density, and these differences are used to calculate DNA fork-movement rates. DNA fork-movement rates have been examined in a wide variety of mammalian and human cells. Future work to examine the regulation and role of fork movement rates in mammalian cells will depend on developing new or improved methods, better in vitro systems, and new probes or techniques to measure fork-movement rates.
Analytical Asymptotic Structure At and Near the Nucleus of Atoms

In the previous chapter we derived the analytical structure of the electron-interaction potential energy vee(r) (see (3.3) and (3.4)) of the model S system of noninteracting fermions in the asymptotic classically forbidden region of atoms. In this chapter, we derive the analytical structure of vee(r) in the asymptotic region at and near the nucleus of atoms [[1–3]]. We begin Sect. 8.1 by first proving that the potential energy vee(r) is finite at the nucleus. This finiteness is a direct consequence of the Kato electron–nucleus coalescence constraint on the system wave function ψ(X) as described in Sect. 2.7, and is proved by employing the integral version of the constraint. Now, as explained in QDFT, it is also possible to map the interacting electronic system described by the Schrodinger equation to one of noninteracting bosons with equivalent density referred to as the B system. As in the S system, there is a corresponding effective electron-interaction potential energy vBee(r) of the B system. This potential energy accounts for Pauli and Coulomb correlation, and Correlation–Kinetic effects due to the difference in kinetic energy of the interacting electron and noninteracting boson systems.We prove that the potential energy vBee(r) too is finite at the nucleus. The results of finiteness of vee(r) and vBee(r) at the nucleus are general, and valid for arbitrary system whether it be atomic, molecular, or solid state, and for arbitrary state and symmetry.
Educating Foreign Born African Students in U.S. Schools

The number of people, particularly students in U.S. schools, who were born in Africa increased significantly over the past decade. The 2010 U.S. Census report puts the African immigrant population in the U.S. at 2.1 million people. The largest foreign born African populations were from East Africa (Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia) and West Africa (Nigeria and Ghana). The states with the highest concentrations of African populations were New York, Minnesota, Ohio, California and Texas.This guide offers educators who work with this population some of the most important cultural insights that educators need to understand in order to be more effective in working with African students.
RFP behavior at various F values in the MST

Plasma behavior is tracked as the reversal parameter F of the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) is varied from -0.3 to 0.2 with corresponding pinch parameter theta from above 1.8 to under 1.2. The general plasma properties are quite similar for all F values, but significant differences exist: (1) Both magnetic and electrostatic fluctuations are minimum when the reversal is shallow (F=-0.1). (2) Plasma resistance is minimum and the conductivity temperature is maximum at shallow reversed plasma. (3) Enhanced plasma-wall interaction is found when F>0. Periodic oscillations called flux jumps, or sawtooth oscillations, are seen on various diagnostics throughout most of the F-scan, but a dependence of amplitude and frequency on F is noted also. High-frequency (10-15 kHz) precursors associated with higher plasma temperature and longer plasma duration time are seen. Plasmas under various discharge conditions have been obtained and compared with standard discharges. >
Percept Conceptualizations and Their Knowledge Representation Schemes

We suggest that relational conceptualizations are not adequate for representing knowledge expressed in natural languages at the computer level. First, one does not think explicitly in terms of functions and relations (however implicitly they exist). Moreover, one does think in the terms of image of the real world, but not in the terms of the world objects explicitly. This image is determined by perception and is given by means of the senses. This means that image entities, called percepts, and real objects are different objects. Thus, natural language sentences can express only the properties of object images. A structure of percepts is defined in terms of the same primitives that we use to interpret natural sentences. In the percept conceptualization, functions and relations do not exist; only attributes and values exist as atomic conceptual primitives, and slots as molecular ones. A slot is an attribute sequence (path) with a value at the last position. Elementary percept properties are built up from slots (one input slot — subject, and a set of output slots — complements) and are considered as substitutes for simple sentences of natural language. Percept domains are defined and finally, the percept knowledge representation scheme is presented as a two level percept conceptualization.
Modern Inquisitions: Peru and the Colonial Origins of the Civilized World

Modern Inquisitions: Peru and the Colonial Origins of the Civilized World. Irene Silverblatt. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. 299 pp.
Automated Discovery of Speech Act Categories in Educational Games.

In this paper we address the important task of automated discovery of speech act categories in dialogue-based, multi-party educational games. Speech acts are important in dialogue-based educational systems because they help infer the student speaker’s intentions (the task of speech act classification) which in turn is crucial to providing adequate feedback and scaffolding. A key step in the speech act classification task is defining the speech act categories in an underlying speech act taxonomy. Most research to date has relied on taxonomies which are guided by experts’ intuitions, which we refer to as an extrinsic design of the speech act taxonomies. A pure data-driven approach would discover the natural groupings of dialogue utterances and therefore reveal the intrinsic speech act categories. To this end, this paper presents a fully-automated data-driven method to discover speech act taxonomies based on utterance clustering. Experiments were conducted on three datasets from three online educational games. This work is a step towards building speech act taxonomies based on both extrinsic (expert-driven) and intrinsic aspects (datadriven) of the target domain.
Seeking Different Treatment, or Seeking the Same Regard: Remarketing the Transracial Adoption Debate

The transracial adoption discourse mistakenly has been phrased as a request for black children awaiting adoption to be treated different from white children and to be placed with parents of like race only. This paper urges a remarketing of the transracial adoption debate to reoect a request based on sameness, not difference. The request presented here is not a request for different treatment for black children. Rather, it is for black children to be given the same regard that is given to white children. This request is illustrated with the story of a black couple seeking to adopt healthy, fat white babies. Doesn’t it seem odd that one of the most prosperous nations in the world will not address the needs of black children and other children of color?1 As Professor Steven Hobbs illustrates in his article, poverty and other troubling circumstances negatively impact every aspect of life for many black children.2 At various points in time, progress was made when the cry went out for more and special consideration to be given to these innocent black children.3 But then other, seemingly more desperate, cries complained that any “special” attention given to blacks was actually discrimination against whites.4 These cries joined the chorus of the early twentieth century judges who, shortly after the end of legalized slavery, said that at some point the descendants of * Professor of Law, Mississippi College School of Law. I want to thank Professor RuthArlene W. Howe for all of her contributions to the needs of black children and to the legal academy. Her wise counsel, encouraging support, and good humor are priceless. 1 Professor David Hall’s remarks document the ongoing suffering of black children. See generally David Hall, Black Children and the American Dilemma: The Invisible Tears of Invisible Children, 26 B.C. Third World L.J. 9 (2006). 2 Steven H. Hobbs & Shenavia Baity, Tending to the Spirit: A Proposal for Healing the Hearts of Black Children in Poverty, 26 B.C. Third World L.J. 107, 109-14 (2006). 3 See, e.g., Brown v. Bd. of Educ., 347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954) (holding that in public education, racially separated educational facilities were inherently unequal). 4 See, e.g., City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co., 488 U.S. 469, 493 (1989) (anding that benign treatment for black adults is reverse discrimination against whites).
Assessing the State of Cooperative Collection Development

ABSTRACT The working group developed its map through a web-based survey distributed internationally via listservs. Eighty-nine preponderantly North American cooperative projects responded. Almost three-quarters of them were born in the 1990s. State-based projects are prevalent, and most projects operate in compact regions. Academic libraries appear to participate much more frequently than other types. Not surprisingly, 75 percent of the projects feature the shared purchase or archiving of electronic resources. One-third engage in selection or management of print materials, most often in area studies. Collaborative electronic purchasing has generated a boom in cooperative collection development, but traditional print-based cooperation remains rare and narrowly focused.
Mass Measurements at the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory

A program to measure masses along the astrophysical rp-process path in the A ~ 60–80 region is underway at the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University. The classic technique of end-point determinations for β + spectra measured in coincidence with daughter γ-rays is used to determine Q EC which, in turn, is used to calculate the mass. Several innovations have been incorporated to increase the sensitivity and selectivity of the method. Results of recent experiments are reported.
An iterative virtual-ESPRIT algorithm (IVESPA)

An iterative algorithm (IVESPA) for narrow-band direction-finding and waveform recovery is presented which is based on the virtual-ESPRIT (VESPA) of Dogan and Mendel (see IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol.42, no.5, p.1200, 1995). IVESPA can handle the case where the data length is short and some of the sources have very small higher-order statistics compared to others, in which case VESPA needs more data to localize the weak sources. IVESPA can be applied to uncalibrated and arbitrary-shape arrays provided the array has two sensors having identical response-the same requirement as in VESPA. Results of a real data experiment demonstrating IVESPA are presented.
Impacts of climate, lake size, and supra- and sub-permafrost groundwater flow on lake-talik evolution, Yukon Flats, Alaska (USA)

In cold regions, hydrologic systems possess seasonal and perennial ice-free zones (taliks) within areas of permafrost that control and are enhanced by groundwater flow. Simulation of talik development that follows lake formation in watersheds modeled after those in the Yukon Flats of interior Alaska (USA) provides insight on the coupled interaction between groundwater flow and ice distribution. The SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze–thaw physics is used to examine the effect of climate, lake size, and lake–groundwater relations on talik formation. Considering a range of these factors, simulated times for a through-going sub-lake talik to form through 90 m of permafrost range from ∼200 to > 1,000 years (vertical thaw rates < 0.1–0.5 m yr−1). Seasonal temperature cycles along lake margins impact supra-permafrost flow and late-stage cryologic processes. Warmer climate accelerates complete permafrost thaw and enhances seasonal flow within the supra-permafrost layer. Prior to open talik formation, sub-lake permafrost thaw is dominated by heat conduction. When hydraulic conditions induce upward or downward flow between the lake and sub-permafrost aquifer, thaw rates are greatly increased. The complexity of ground-ice and water-flow interplay, together with anticipated warming in the arctic, underscores the utility of coupled groundwater-energy transport models in evaluating hydrologic systems impacted by permafrost.
Chronic dietary iron overload in rats results in impaired calcium sequestration by hepatic mitochondria and microsomes 1, 2, and 3

Abstract The purpose of these experiments was to determine whether chronic dietary iron overload causes impairment of hepatic mitochondrial and/or microsomal calcium sequestration. Experimental iron overload was produced by feeding three groups of rats a chow diet supplemented with 3.0% (wt/wt) carbonyl iron for up to 8 weeks achieving graded increases in hepatic iron concentrations ranging from 1360 to 3170 μg/g. At low levels of iron overload, there were no changes in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism or calcium sequestration, whereas at moderate and high degrees of iron loading, both of these parameters were significantly reduced. In contrast, there were significant decreases in microsomal cytochrome P450 levels and microsomal calcium sequestration at all three levels of iron loading. These abnormalities occurred at hepatic iron concentrations at which the authors have previously found evidence of hepatic organelle lipid peroxidation. These alterations in organelle calcium sequestration may impair intracellular calcium homeostasis in the liver and contribute to subsequent cellular injury.
OVERCOMING SPREADSHEET RISK IN SUPPLY CHAIN MODELING

Spreadsheet optimization modeling plays an important role in the management of today's sophisticated supply chains. However, despite the advantages of spreadsheets (or in some cases because of these advantages) there are significant risks associated with spreadsheet models. Spreadsheet risk is defined as the chance of adverse operational or financial consequences due to erroneous creation, maintenance, and/or use of spreadsheet models. Such errors arise because the intrinsic complexity of optimization models is beyond the expertise of many non-technical managers. In this article we discuss procedures that we developed for managing the substantial risks associated with the use of spreadsheets for supply chain optimization. The issues we address go far beyond simple data entry mistakes, which are possible in virtually every aspect of business and can never be completely eliminated.
Insulin metabolism in Alzheimer's disease differs according to apolipoprotein E genotype and gender.

Higher fasting plasma insulin levels and reduced CSF-to-plasma insulin ratios, suggestive of insulin resistance, have been observed in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who do not possess an apol
A piece of sharp practice? Governor Bourke and the Office of Colonial Secretary in New South Wales

(1975). A piece of sharp practice? Governor Bourke and the Office of Colonial Secretary in New South Wales. Historical Studies: Vol. 16, No. 64, pp. 402-424.
An Indoor Environmental Quality Investigation of the Fayette County (Pennsylvania) Courthouse

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a health hazard evaluation (HHE) investigation in the basement of the Fayette County Courthouse in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. Employees had reported a variety of health complaints including headaches, throat irritation, eye irritation, nausea, fatigue and nasal/sinus symptoms. Potential causes of the complaints included excessive mould/ mildew, lack of air flow, odours and high dust levels. A number of locations showing signs of water incursion or leakage were found to have mould growth. The air flow provided by the ventilation systems in most areas was inadequate, although temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide levels largely met published recommendations. Levels of common volatile organic compounds were all below established exposure limits, and only toluene was found in concentrations above established odour thresholds.
Improvements to the weak-post W-beam guardrail

The weak-post W-beam guardrail has been widely used in the Northeast for many decades. Weak-post guardrails are characterized by larger dynamic deflections in a collision and are considered more forgiving than other, stiffer barriers. Most states have experienced good performance with these barriers over the last several decades if adequate clear space is provided behind the barrier. Unfortunately, recent crash tests of the standard weak-post W-beam guardrail involving a 2000-kg pickup truck resulted in a series of unacceptable test results, including overriding and penetrating the guardrail. Design modifications to the weak-post W-beam guardrail were explored by using finite element simulations and full-scale crash tests. An improved version of the weak-post W-beam guardrail system was developed and tested, and this was found to satisfy the requirements of NCHRP Report 350 for Test Level 3.
Investigate the doped magnetic garnets and their applications to ultrafast switching

Bismuth Iron Gallium Garnet (BI 3 Fe 5-x Ga x O 12 , BIGG) has been synthesized by pulsed laser deposition method and their comprehensive characterizations are reported. X-ray diffraction analyses have proved that the BIGG films are of good epitaxial quality. Faraday experiments verify the BIGG's high Faraday rotation. BIGG film is more transparent than Bismuth Iron Garnet film especially at wavelengths shorter than 550nm. Figure of merit of BIGG films θ F /-log (T)are greatly improved than that of original BIG films. High speed pulse response experiments of our BIGG films have reached 5ns.
Photoreceptors and photopigments in a subterranean rodent, the pocket gopher ( Thomomys bottae )

Pocket gophers (Thomomys bottae) are rodents that spend much of their lives in near-lightless subterranean burrows. The visual adaptations associated with this extreme environment were investigated by making anatomical observations of retinal organization and by recording retinal responses to photic stimulation. The size of the eye is within the normal range for rodents, the lens transmits light well down into the ultraviolet, and the retina conforms to the normal mammalian plan. Electroretinogram recording revealed the presence of three types of photopigments, a rod pigment with a spectral peak of about 495 nm and two types of cone pigment with respective peak values of about 367 nm (UV) and 505 nm (medium-wavelength sensitive). Both in terms of responsivity to lights varying in temporal frequency and in response recovery following intense light adaptation, the cone responses of the pocket gopher are similar to those of other rodents. Labeling experiments indicate an abundance of cones that reach densities in excess of 30,000 mm−2. Cones containing UV opsin are found throughout the retina, but those containing medium-wavelength sensitive opsin are mostly restricted to the dorsal retina where coexpression of the two photopigments is apparently the rule. Rod densities are lower than those typical for nocturnal mammals.
Differential transcription of early and late-replicating DNA in human cells.

Abstract Several studies suggest that most of the functional genes of mammalian cells are contained in the early-replicating sequences of DNA. There is little direct evidence, however, to support this view. To determine whether the extent of transcription of different DNA sequences is related to the order in which these sequences are replicated, I have selectively labelled early- and late-replicating DNA with [ 3 H]thymidine ([ 3 H]TdR) and determined the extent to which the 3 H-labelled non-repeated sequences of each DNA preparation are hybridized by increasing concentrations of RNA from exponentially growing KB cells. The fraction of DNA hybridized at infinite RNA concentration was then estimated by a plotting method which linearizes the data. Selective labelling of DNA was achieved by synchronizing a culture of KB cells by a double block of DNA synthesis and then labelling portions of the culture 0–3 h (early) or 6–9 h (late) after release of the cells from the second block. At all RNA concentrations tested, the fraction of early-replicating DNA hybridized was significantly greater than that of late-replicating DNA. At infinite RNA concentration the value for early-replicating DNA was 3–4 times as great as that of late-replicating DNA. If it is assumed that the fraction of DNA hybridized at infinite RNA concentration is proportional to the fraction of DNA which is transcribed, it can be concluded that 3–4 times as much early-replicating DNA is transcribed as late-replicating DNA in exponentially growing KB cells.
Virtual Reality for vocational rehabilitation, training and assessment

Obtaining and maintaining employment for persons with severe physical and cognitive disabilities requires collaboration between the worker, job trainer and employer. Often, this is not enough due to safety or other workplace concerns and when the job training is possible, it can be time consuming. Using Virtual Reality for simulating these environments, with both head mounted and 180 degree curved screen displays, provides a safe environment for training and evaluation of the worker and their assistive devices. In this paper, we report on our initial efforts working with stakeholders to design a system supporting: worker training and safety, job coaches' ability to train and assess workers rapidly and employers' abilities to maintain a productive and efficient workplace while hiring people with disabilities. We will test the system in a randomized paired study (n=15).
Assessment for Eligibility: Issues in Identifying Students with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

This article presents an overview of several problems associated with assessing students with emotional or behavioral disorders (EBD) for eligibility. Major issues include underidentification of st...
Exploring the CAESAR Database using Dimensionality Reduction Techniques

The Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) database containing over 40 anthropometric measurements on over 4000 humans has been extensively explored for pattern recognition and classification purposes using the raw, original data [1-4]. However, some of the anthropometric variables would be impossible to collect in an uncontrolled environment. Here, we explore the use of dimensionality reduction methods in concert with a variety of classification algorithms for gender classification using only those variables that are readily observable in an uncontrolled environment. Several dimensionality reduction techniques are employed to learn the underlining structure of the data. These techniques include linear projections such as the classical Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and non-linear (manifold learning) techniques, such as Diffusion Maps and the Isomap technique. This paper briefly describes all three techniques, and compares three different classifiers, Naive Bayes, Adaboost, and Support Vector Machines (SVM), for gender classification in conjunction with each of these three dimensionality reduction approaches.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Applications of slow-scan television systems to planetary exploration

Slow scan TV systems for planetary exploration, discussing sampled vidicon operation, digital encoding, data storage, signal to noise ratio, future design trends, etc