cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THz Micro-Doppler Measurements Based On A Silicon-Based Picosecond Pulse Radiator

In this paper, a custom picosecond pulse radiator is used to demonstrate the micro-Doppler phenomenon in the Terahertz (THz) regime. In the micro-Doppler effect, the periodic movement of radar targets modulates the frequency of the electromagnetic waves reflected from their surface. The modulation depth is dependant on the intensity of the vibrations and the carrier frequency. Therefore, using carrier tones in the THz regime enables detection of weak micro-Doppler signatures. In this experiment, sound vibrations with frequency of 50 to 700 Hz were used to modulate a 395.2 GHz carrier signal produced by a digital-to-impulse (D2I) silicon chip. A ten-second music track, a chirp sound, and multiple frequency tones were produced by a speaker and then were reconstructed through the micro-Doppler effect. The sound waves were recovered via frequency demodulation at the receiver.
Instability of finite-amplitude gravity–capillary progressive ring waves by an oscillating surface-piercing body

We investigate the instability of finite-amplitude progressive ring waves in deep water, which are radiated by the time-periodic oscillation of a half-submerged sphere (with radius . Moreover, for moderately steep ring waves, nonlinear interactions of a few unstable modes can excite broadbanded unstable subharmonic cross-wave modes, leading to the formation/observation of distinctive non-axisymmetric wave patterns during long-time evolutions.
Plasma Levels of Adrenocortical Steroids in CAPD and Hemodialysis Patients

CAPD patients appear to have higher levels of plasma renin activity than hemodialysis patients. Increased angiotensin n may result in increased secretion of 18-OH-B and aldosterone by the adrenal z...
Sustainability, Business, and Health.

This Viewpoint discusses examples of how many private sector businesses have aligned their core missions with civil and human rights and sustainability reforms, and emphasizes the importance of engaging the sector in achieving public health goals and accelerating worldwide recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Artificial intelligence for retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose of review In this article, we review the current state of artificial intelligence applications in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and provide insight on challenges as well as strategies for bringing these algorithms to the bedside. Recent findings In the past few years, there has been a dramatic shift from machine learning approaches based on feature extraction to 'deep' convolutional neural networks for artificial intelligence applications. Several artificial intelligence for ROP approaches have demonstrated adequate proof-of-concept performance in research studies. The next steps are to determine whether these algorithms are robust to variable clinical and technical parameters in practice. Integration of artificial intelligence into ROP screening and treatment is limited by generalizability of the algorithms to maintain performance on unseen data and integration of artificial intelligence technology into new or existing clinical workflows. Summary Real-world implementation of artificial intelligence for ROP diagnosis will require massive efforts targeted at developing standards for data acquisition, true external validation, and demonstration of feasibility. We must now focus on ethical, technical, clinical, regulatory, and financial considerations to bring this technology to the infant bedside to realize the promise offered by this technology to reduce preventable blindness from ROP.
Changing the Default: A Prospective Study of Reducing Discharge Opioid Prescription after Lumpectomy and Sentinel Node Biopsy

Whether routinely prescribed opioids are necessary for pain control after discharge among lumpectomy/sentinel node biopsy (Lump/SLNB) patients is unclear. We hypothesize that Lump/SLNB patients could be discharged without opioids, with a failure rate < 10%. This study prospectively examines outcomes after changing standard discharge prescription from an opioid/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to NSAID/acetaminophen. Standard discharge pain medication orders included opioids in the first 3-month study period and were changed to NSAID/acetaminophen in the second 3-month period. Patient-reported medication consumption and pain scores were collected by post-discharge survey. Frequency of discharge with opioid, NSAID/acetaminophen failure rate, opioid use, and pain scores were examined. From May to October 2019, 663 patients had Lump/SLNB: 371 in the opioid study period and 292 in the NSAID period. In the opioid period, 92% (342/371) of patients were prescribed an opioid at discharge; of 142 patients who documented opioid use on the survey, 86 (61%) used zero tablets. Among 56 (39%) patients who used opioids, the median number taken by POD 5 was 4. After the change to NSAID/acetaminophen, rates of opioid prescription decreased to 14% (41/292). The NSAID/acetaminophen failure rate was 2% (5/251). Among survey respondents, there was no significant difference in the maximum reported pain scores (POD 1–5) between the opioid period and the NSAID period (p = 0.7). In Lump/SLNB patients, a change to default discharge with NSAID/acetaminophen resulted in a 78% absolute reduction in opioid prescription, with a failure rate of 2% and no difference in patient-reported pain scores. Most Lump/SLNB patients can be discharged with NSAID/acetaminophen.
Vibrational relaxation time measurements in shock-heated oxygen and air from 2000 K to 9000 K using ultraviolet laser absorption

Vibrational relaxation times of oxygen (O2) were measured behind reflected shocks in shock-tube experiments with O2 and nitrogen (N2) collision partners. To determine relaxation times, a tunable ultraviolet laser absorption diagnostic probed time-histories involving the fourth (v″ = 4), fifth (v″ = 5), and sixth (v″ = 6) vibrational levels of the ground electronic state of O2. Taking the ratio of two absorbance time-histories involving different vibrational levels yielded vibrational temperature time-histories that were fit to isolate the relevant vibrational relaxation times. Pure O2 experiments were used to isolate the vibration–translation (VT) relaxation time of O2 with O2. Results for τVTO2–O2 agree with the Millikan and White correlation at temperatures below 4000 K. However, high-temperature data deviate from the Millikan and White correlation, exhibiting a reduced temperature dependence—an observation that remains consistent with previous experimental studies. Additional experiments in 10% and 21% O2 in N2 mixtures were used to isolate both the VT and vibration–vibration (VV) relaxation times of O2 with N2. The data for τVTO2–N2 exceed the Millikan and White correlation by 70% but show reasonable agreement with previous data below 5000 K. High-temperature results again show a reduced temperature dependence, but this study shows longer relaxation times than the previous work. The data for τVVO2–N2 exceed the semi-empirical relation developed by Berend et al. [“Vibration-vibration energy exchange in N2 with O2 and HCl collision partners,” J. Chem. Phys. 57, 3601–3604 (1972)] by 70% but overlap with previous measurements. Due to insensitivity of the chemical system to VV transfer at high temperatures, results for τVVO2–N2 were only measured below 6000 K.
Synovial fluid lubricin increases in spontaneous canine cruciate ligament rupture

Lubricin is an important boundary lubricant and chondroprotective glycoprotein in synovial fluid. Both increased and decreased synovial fluid lubricin concentrations have been reported in experimental post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) animal models and in naturally occurring joint injuries in humans and animals, with no consensus about how lubricin is altered in different species or injury types. Increased synovial fluid lubricin has been observed following intra-articular fracture in humans and horses and in human late-stage osteoarthritis; however, it is unknown how synovial lubricin is affected by knee-destabilizing injuries in large animals. Spontaneous rupture of cranial cruciate ligament (RCCL), the anterior cruciate ligament equivalent in quadrupeds, is a common injury in dogs often accompanied by OA. Here, clinical records, radiographs, and synovial fluid samples from 30 dogs that sustained RCCL and 9 clinically healthy dogs were analyzed. Synovial fluid lubricin concentrations were nearly 16-fold greater in RCCL joints as compared to control joints, while IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations did not differ between groups. Synovial fluid lubricin concentrations were correlated with the presence of radiographic OA and were elevated in three animals sustaining RCCL injury prior to the radiographic manifestation of OA, indicating that lubricin may be a potential biomarker for early joint injury.
Within-mother variability in vagal functioning and concurrent socioemotional dysregulation.

During dyadic interactions, well-regulated autonomic responses may support and be supported by socioemotional regulation, whereas autonomic responses that are inappropriate for the social context may be linked with socioemotional dysregulation. We evaluated women's parasympathetic and socioemotional responses during playful interaction with their 24-week-old infants, hypothesizing that insufficient or excessive variability in second-by-second vagal functioning would be associated with concurrent socioemotional dysregulation. Among a sample of 322 low-income, Mexican origin mothers (Mage = 27.8; SD = 6.5 years), variability in second-by-second vagal functioning was indexed by within-mother standard deviation (SD) in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during a 5-min unstructured play task. A latent construct of socioemotional dysregulation was identified using factor analyses. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate linear and quadratic relations between within-mother SD of RSA and concurrent socioemotional dysregulation. Analyses revealed a positively accelerated relationship between within-mother SD of RSA and concurrent maternal socioemotional dysregulation during play with her infant. Within-mother SD of RSA during a non-interactive baseline task was not related to maternal dysregulation. The results illustrate mothers' dynamic autonomic and socioemotional responses are intertwined during real-time interactions with her infant and lend support for the discriminant validity of within-mother SD of RSA during free play.
Exceptional point dispersion engineering

Exceptional points formed in a coupled optical microresonator structure with unbalanced decay rates are studied for dispersion engineering. Combined with oscillating coupling coefficients in the coupled-resonator architecture, periodic exceptional points are formed, providing additional degrees of freedom for narrow-band dispersion modification.
Stress in aluminum induced by hydrogen absorption during cathodic polarization

Abstract Hydrogen concentrations in metals during aqueous corrosion are influenced by absorption kinetics. In situ measurement of hydrogen-induced stress was used to characterize hydrogen absorption into aluminum thin films during cathodic polarization in sulfuric acid, in the presence of competing gas evolution. Absorption-induced compressive stress increased with decreasing potential, reaching levels indicating average H concentrations of 0.3 at.%. Dependences of stress on potential and scan rate suggested that rates of hydrogen desorption but not absorption were kinetically limited.
In your dreams: Flouting Quality II

Abstract Responses like in your dreams or on some other planet have a prominent reading (SDR) that strongly denies a Given proposition p. Since speakers have no evidence about the truth of p in inaccessible places like other peoples’ dreams, an SDR speaker provides an answer (‘p in your dreams’) to the Question Under Discussion (‘?p’) that is relatively weak in the conversational context. Assuming the SDR speaker's competence, such a weak response predictably gives rise to a conversational implicature that p is false, and focus-marking makes this negative implicature more salient. This article gives a unified pragmatic account of the previously unstudied syntactic/semantic and discourse-function properties that distinguish SDRs from other utterances with similar negative implicatures and focus: the peculiar strength of their denials, their obligatory focus-marking, their resistance to clefting, only, but, definite reference and embedding, and the displacement, by the denial implicature they engender, of their propositional content. This leaves the propositional content to contribute only Relevance implicatures. It is argued that SDRs speakers’ flouting of the second, evidence part of Grice's Quality Maxim is responsible for all these properties, even though such Quality II flouting is unusual because evidenceless claims are predominantly also irrelevant ones.
Amitriptyline increases GABA-stimulated 36Cl− influx by recombinant (α1γ2) GABAA receptors

Abstract WSS-1 cells expressing (α1γ2)GABAA receptors show an augmented 36 Cl − response to GABA in the presence of amitriptyline that is increased by flumazenil, unlike augmentation by diazepam which is blocked by flumazenil. This amitriptyline effect is opposite to the inhibition of GABA-stimulated 36 Cl influx manifested in membrane vesicles prepared from drug-naive rats or submissive rats (a model of depression) but is similar to that seen in tissue from amitriptyline-treated rats or dominant rats. The results suggest a novel mechanism of antidepressant drug action having a delayed onset.
1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m InP-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

1.3 /spl mu/m and 1.5 /spl mu/m InP-based VCSELs with AlGaInAs/InP DBR have been successfully realized. For both wavelengths, over 1 mW single mode power at room temperature, >100 /spl deg/C operation and 10 Gbit/s transmission through 10+ km have been achieved.
Combining the Expressivity of UCPOP with the Efficiency of Graphplan

There has been a great deal of recent work on new approaches to efficiently generating plans in systems such as Graphplan and SATplan. However, these systems only provide an impoverished representation language compared to other planners, such as UCPOP, ADL, or Prodigy. This makes it difficult to represent planning problems using these new planners. This paper addresses this problem by providing a completely automated set of transformations for converting a UCPOP domain representation into a Graphplan representation. The set of transformations extends the Graphplan representation language to include disjunctions, negations, universal quantification, conditional effects, and axioms. We tested the resulting planner on the 18 test domains and 41 problems that come with the UCPOP 4.0 distribution. Graphplan with the new preprocessor is able to solve every problem in the test set and on the hard problems (i.e., those that require more than one second of CPU time) it can solve them significantly faster than UCPOP. While UCPOP was unable to solve 7 of the test problems within a search limit of 100,000 nodes (which requires 414 to 980 CPU seconds), Graphplan with the preprocessor solved them all in under 15 CPU seconds (including the preprocessing time).
Chapter 15 – A Washability and Analytical Evaluation of Potential Pollution from Trace Elements in Coal

The report gives results of a washability study showing the trace element contents of various specific gravity fractions for ten coal samples collected from four coal producing regions of the U.S. Reliable analytical methods were developed to quantitatively determine cadmium, chromium, copper, fluorine, mercury, manganese, nickel, and lead in whole coals. Generally, the data showed that most of the trace elements of interest concentrated in the heavier specific gravity fractions of the coal, indicating that they are associated with mineral matter. Removing this material should reduce trace elements significantly.
Web Searching and Browsing: A Multilingual Perspective

Abstract Since the publication of “The World Wide Web” in a 1999 volume of Advances in Computers, worldwide Internet usage has grown tremendously, with the most rapid growth in some non-English-speaking regions. A widening gap exists between the surging demand for non-English Web content and the availability of non-English resources. This chapter reviews previous works on computer-mediated information seeking on the Web, computing technologies that support Web searching and browsing, and Web portals in several major regions and languages of the world. We introduce a general framework for supporting Web searching and browsing in a multilingual world. Three Web portals were developed to support searching, browsing, and postretrieval analysis of Chinese business intelligence, Spanish business intelligence, and Arabic medical intelligence. Results of experiments involving 67 native speakers of the three languages confirm the usability and benefits of the portals and support the applicability of the framework. The review, framework, and findings presented in this chapter contribute to the fields of Web analysis, text mining, business and medical informatics, and human–computer interaction.
Struggle for Social Position in Digital Media Composition

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. June 2013. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisor: Cynthia Lewis. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 176 pages, appendix A.
Helping Others Learn to Teach: Some Principles and Techniques for Inservice Educators.

Most programs for young children make provisions for the inservice education of staff members. Those of us engaged in helping others learn to teach may be directors of Head Start, day care or teachers’ centers, CDA1 field trainers, consultants, college instructors or curriculum coordinators. All of us confront similar situations, issues and problems and have to make similar choices as to which content will be most helpful for teachers.
The production characteristics of multinational firms and the effects of tax incentives: The Case of Taiwan's Electronics Industry

Abstract This paper investigates the production characteristics of multinational firms operating with different orientations. Multinational firms that are export-oriented are found to be labor intensive and unskilled-labor intensive. By estimating elasticities of substitution between capital and disaggregated labor, the authors find that tax incentives that reduce capital cost for multinational firms have different effects on labor, depending on the firms' orientation.
Redistribution of cardiac output and oxygen delivery in the hypoxemic fetal lamb

Abstract In hypoxia, fetal cardiac output and the product arterial O 2 content × blood flow to the fetal heart and central nervous system (CNS) tend to remain constant. As a consequence the percentage of cardiac output directed to the heart and CNS increases hyperbolically in inverse relation to the oxygen content of the fetal ascending aorta, [O 2 ] as . The fetal lamb maintains [O 2 ] as approximately 0.45 mM (0.45 ± 0.02 SEM) higher than the O 2 content in the abdominal aorta, [O 2 ] ab , over a wide range of oxygenation. When [O 2 ] as decreases below the 2 mM level, the [O 2 ] as -[O 2 ] ab difference (ΔO 2 ) decreases also. A mathematical model of the fetal circulation shows that ΔO 2 is a function of the ratio oxygen consumption of fetal upper body/abdominal aorta blood flow (V U /F A ). The behavior of ΔO 2 in hypoxia can be explained by assuming that the V U /F A ratio is maintained in moderate hypoxia and decreases in severe hypoxia.
Estimating methane emissions from landfills based on rainfall, ambient temperature, and waste composition: The CLEEN model

Accurately estimating landfill methane emissions is important for quantifying a landfill's greenhouse gas emissions and power generation potential. Current models, including LandGEM and IPCC, often greatly simplify treatment of factors like rainfall and ambient temperature, which can substantially impact gas production. The newly developed Capturing Landfill Emissions for Energy Needs (CLEEN) model aims to improve landfill methane generation estimates, but still require inputs that are fairly easy to obtain: waste composition, annual rainfall, and ambient temperature. To develop the model, methane generation was measured from 27 laboratory scale landfill reactors, with varying waste compositions (ranging from 0% to 100%); average rainfall rates of 2, 6, and 12 mm/day; and temperatures of 20, 30, and 37°C, according to a statistical experimental design. Refuse components considered were the major biodegradable wastes, food, paper, yard/wood, and textile, as well as inert inorganic waste. Based on the data collected, a multiple linear regression equation (R(2)=0.75) was developed to predict first-order methane generation rate constant values k as functions of waste composition, annual rainfall, and temperature. Because, laboratory methane generation rates exceed field rates, a second scale-up regression equation for k was developed using actual gas-recovery data from 11 landfills in high-income countries with conventional operation. The Capturing Landfill Emissions for Energy Needs (CLEEN) model was developed by incorporating both regression equations into the first-order decay based model for estimating methane generation rates from landfills. CLEEN model values were compared to actual field data from 6 US landfills, and to estimates from LandGEM and IPCC. For 4 of the 6 cases, CLEEN model estimates were the closest to actual.
Temperature Extremes in the Community Atmosphere Model with Stochastic Parameterizations

AbstractThis paper evaluates the performance of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), in simulating observed annual extremes of near-surface temperature and provides the first assessment of the impact of stochastic parameterizations of subgrid-scale processes on such performance. Two stochastic parameterizations are examined: the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme and the stochastically perturbed parameterization tendency scheme. Temperature extremes are described in terms of 20-yr return levels and compared to those estimated from ERA-Interim and the Hadley Centre Global Climate Extremes Index 2 (HadEX2) observational dataset. CAM4 overestimates warm and cold extremes over land regions, particularly over the Northern Hemisphere, when compared against reanalysis. Similar spatial patterns, though less spatially coherent, emerge relative to HadEX2. The addition of a stochastic parameterization generally produces a warming of both warm and cold extremes relative to the unperturbed ...
An infinite series for the natural logarithm that converges throughout its domain and makes concavity transparent

The natural logarithm can be represented by an infinite series that converges for all positive real values of the variable, and which makes concavity patently obvious. Concavity of the natural logarithm is known to imply, among other things, the fundamental inequality between the arithmetic and geometric mean.
Challenges of Archiving Electronic Records: The Imminent Danger of a “Digital Dark Age”

Modern society is faced with the glaring possibility of a future ‘digital gap’ where the electronic records preserved from yester years could not be retrieved due to a number of technical and policy factors. Chances are that there will not even be any paper surrogates for those electronic records as the practice has lately been the substitution of paper records with electronic ones without due consideration of the longevity of the latter. Computer users who normally look at the current use of electronic records without necessarily considering the preservation issues that need to be considered if these records are to be available for future use have accelerated this practice. This paper looks at the challenges that are likely to face the archivists in their endeavour to preserve electronically generated records. It also suggests issues that the archivist may consider in the preservation of these records. Archivists around the world have been giving warnings that computer files may survive long but the equipment to make sense of them may not. This era could become a “digital dark age” - a part of its collective memories forever lost. ESARBICA Journal Vol.23 2004: 82-92
Grafting CVD of Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) for Durable Scleral Lens Coatings

Grafting (g)CVD from the monomer 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (VP) and the Type II initiator benzophenone (BP) under 254 nm UV irradiation yields durable hydrophilic coatings on substrates of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) derivatives, desirable for scleral lens applications. The gCVD polymerization of the VP monomer is essentially complete, and little excess BP remains in the film. Process optimization, through single variable and two fractional factorial experiments, result in retention of >90% of the as-deposited film thickness after rinsing. Increasing the initiator dosing time beyond 10 min, or the UV exposure time beyond 5 min, has little effect on the as-deposited thickness, or percentage of film retained after rinsing. This suggests that UV irradiation rapidly transforms most of the BP absorbed on the surface to initiating radicals. Once sufficient initiator dosage and UV exposure have been achieved, the initial deposition thickness is controlled primarily by the total flux of monomer to the surface, which is consistent with previous studies. For all samples, thickness loss occurs primarily during the first 30 days of saline soak-testing with no statistically significant loss (p > 0.25) during the next 90 days of soak testing. While the additional UV exposure time has a limited effect on initial film thickness, it does increase long term thickness retention, most likely by forming crosslinked and branched structures within the film. All samples tested retain sufficient gCVD coating thickness to impart improved hydrophilicity at the surface throughout the entire 120 day saline soak-testing period. The fractional factorial experiments correlate improved hydrophilicity with an interaction between initiator dosage time and UV exposure time. Indeed, decreasing these two process variables in tandem provides the greatest reduction in contact angle. While the uncoated PMA displayed 92.3° ± 2.1° advancing and 86.7° ± 3.0° receding contact angles with water, the most hydrophilic gCVD coating lowers the advancing and receding contact angles to 39.5° ± 2.6° and 36.2° ± 1.6°, respectively.
Observations of the floral biology ofPrasophyllum odoratum (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae)

Prasophyllum odoratum is a vernal, nectariferous, terrestrial orchid that flowers profusely six to eight months following cyclical fires that disrupt sclerophyll woodlands. The morphology of the column and pollinarium is indicative of taxa placed within the subfam.Spiranthoideae. The orientation of the pollinaria to the stigma appears to prevent mechanical self-pollination. Both cross- and self-pollination appear to be effected by insects that forage within the brightly-colored, scented, non-resupinate flowers. Ants and drosophilid flies remove nectar, but do not appear to transport pollinaria between flowers. The primary pollinators are polytrophic flies in the fam.Syrphidae and opportunistic male bees in the genusLeioproctus (Colletidae). Approximately 52% of the flowers on a raceme set seed. The comparatively short floral tube ofP. odoratum reflects the dependence of this species on short-tongued insects to effect successful dispersal of pollinaria.
Annealing temperature effects on CuInSe2/CdS solar cells

Abstract The variation of the photoluminescence and the electronic characteristics of CuInSe2/CdS solar cells have been examined as a function of the annealing temperature with an air environment. Cell efficiency improves for annealing temperatures up to 500 K but is rapidly degraded at higher temperatures. Photoluminescence shows that the efficiency gain is correlated with a decrease in the density of native defects in the CuInSe2. There is a corresponding increase in the net carrier concentration of the selenide due to a reduced compensation ratio. Comparison of the photoluminescence from the free surface of CuInSe2 with that from the material covered by CdS shows a lower defect density at the free surface after annealing. Degradation at higher annealing temperatures comes primarily from cadmium diffusion into the CuInSe2, with an increase in the native defect density in the selenide contributing to a lesser extent. Large shifts between the light and dark current-voltage curves appear to be due to cadmium impurities in the CuInSe2 and the corresponding cadmium vacancies in the CdS.
Life Tests Under Dependent Competing Causes of Failure

In a life testing situation the failure of an individual, either a living organism or an inanimate object, may be classified into one of k(< 1) mutually exclusive classes, usually causes of failure. One often has dependent causes of failure in actual physical situations, i.e., the theoretical lifetime of an individual failing from one cause may be correlated with the theoretical lifetime of the same individual failing from a different cause. This paper i) discusses some properties of a bivariate Weibull distribution and ii) is concerned with estimating, by the method of maximum likelihood, the unknown parameters of life distributions belonging to two particular parametric families, viz., bivariate normal and bivariate Weibull, when the causes of failure are dependent. An example involving the failure of small electrical appliances is analyzed and compared with an analysis which assumes the causes of failure to be independent.
Linking marine protected areas to integrated coastal and ocean management: A review of theory and practice

Abstract If managed in isolation, coastal and marine protected areas (MPAs) are vulnerable to natural resource development and exploitation occurring outside these areas—in particular, overfishing, alteration and destruction of habitats, and water pollution. Thus, protection of coastal and marine areas—of species, habitats, landscapes, and seascapes—should be integrated into spatial development strategies for larger areas, under the umbrella of integrated coastal and ocean management (ICM). This is typically easier said than done, since the actors involved in MPA networks and in ICM programs are often different, reflecting different cultures, networks of relationships, ministries, and goals and motivations. This article reviews the ecological, social and economic linkages between MPAs and the governance of broader ocean and coastal areas; sets forth nine guiding principles for managing MPAs within an ICM context; reviews work conducted under the Convention on Biological Diversity to operationalize the linkages between ICM and MPAs; and develops strategic guidance for addressing these linkages. The article ends with a call to bring together the diverse communities involved in marine protected areas, coastal and ocean management, and watershed management to collaborate in national-level ocean and coastal planning, including in the designation of networks of marine protected areas.
Polymorphism of acute-phase serum amyloid A isoforms and amyloid resistance in wild-type Mus musculus czech

Until CE/J mice and their offspring were characterized as amyloid-resistant, all mice were thought to be amyloid-susceptible to multiple injections of azocasein or a single injection of silver nitrate following administration of amyloid enhancing factor. We now report, for the first time, that wild-type Mus musculus czech and F1 hybrids bred by crossing M. musculus czech with amyloid-susceptible CBA/J mice are also amyloid resistant. Based on the derived amino acid sequences of two serum amyloid A (SAA) cDNA clones, we describe two unusual SAA gene isoforms in M. musculus czech, one of which differs from four previously characterized acute-phase apoSAA isoforms at several amino acid residues. Our findings support the hypothesis that protection against amyloid fibril formation in wild-type M. musculus czech mice and their offspring is linked to apoSAA gene mutations (molecular motif).
Structure and activity of composite oxide supported platinum-iridium catalysts

Abstract The structure and activity of A1203, TiO2, Al2O3 TiO2 and TiO2 Al2O3 composite oxide supported Pt-Ir bimetal catalysts were studied by two characterization techniques: temperature-programmed reduction/temperature-programmed desorption (TPRd/TPD) and ethane hydrogenolysis. Three factors, platinum mobility, TiOx mobility and Al3+ readsorption, affect the structure and activity of these catalysts. Since platinum and TiO.x are mobile in oxidizing and reducing environments, respectively, the mobility of TiOx does not affect the mobility of platinum. Both TPRd and ethane hydrogenolysis results suggest that bimetal formation occurs when pure oxides, A1203 and TiO2, are used as supports. However, bimetal formation is suppressed when composite oxides are used. Titania present as a secondary phase (minor component in a composite oxide on a weight basis) acts as a “spacer” and inhibits the mobility of platinum and thereby prevents platinum and iridium from forming bimetal clusters. The relative ease of bimetal formation has been assessed as a function of the support. Models for the structures of the calcined precursors and finished catalysts are proposed.
Ethambutol-sugar hybrids as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell-wall biosynthesis.

Abstract Ethambutol is an established front-line agent for the treatment of tuberculosis, and is also active against Mycobacterium avium infection. However, this agent exhibits toxicity, and is considered to have low potency. The action of ethambutol on the mycobacterial cell wall, particularly the arabinan, and comparison of the structure of ethambutol with several of the cell-wall saccharides, suggested that ethambutol–saccharide hybrids might lead to agents with a more selective mechanism of action. To this end, eight ethambutol–saccharide hybrids were synthesized and screened against M . tuberculosis and several clinical isolates of M . avium .
Stress and Physical Health Deterioration in the Aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita

The author examines how characteristics of evacuation management and FEMA trailer park communities affect hurricane evacuees' physical health. His objectives are (1) to examine to what extent typical factors influence physical health in post-disaster contexts, (2) to identify factors specific to the evacuation process and residential environment that exacerbate physical health, and (3) to expand the theoretical applicability of the stress process model by analyzing physical health under disaster conditions. Using survey data collected from 303 evacuees residing in FEMA trailer parks in Louisiana, the author estimates three nested regression models. Conditions of the evacuation process—loss of full-time employment, number of residences, and duration of residences, and FEMA trailer park environment—and sense of belonging and obstacles to involvement affect physical health when controlling for typical factors, indicating social support and social integration buffer the stress of residential instability. Find...
Segregation of a paternal insertional translocation results in partial 4q monosomy or 4q trisomy in two siblings

A genetics evaluation was requested for a 6-week-old infant with multiple congenital malformations including mild craniofacial anomalies, truncal hypotonia, hypospadias, and a ventriculoseptal defect. Blood obtained for chromosome analysis revealed an abnormal chromosome 4. Paternal chromosome analysis showed a 46,XY, inv ins (3;4)(p21.32;q25q21.2), inv(4)(p15.3q21.2) karyotype. Therefore, the proband`s chromosome 4 was the unbalanced product of this insertional translocation from the father resulting in partial monosomy 4q. Additionally, the derivative 4 had a pericentric inversion which was also seen in the father`s chromosome 4. During genetic counseling, the proband`s 2-year-old brother was evaluated. He was not felt to be abnormal in appearance, but was described as having impulsive behavior. Chromosome analysis on this child revealed 46, XY, der(3) inv ins(3;4)(p21.32;q25q21.2)pat. This karyotype results in partial trisomy 4q. FISH using two-color {open_quotes}painting{close_quotes} probes for chromosomes 3 and 4 confirmed the G-banded interpretation in this family. The segregation seen in this family resulted in both reciprocal products being observed in the two children, with partial 4q monosomy showing multiple congenital anomalies, and partial 4q trisomy showing very few phenotypic abnormalities. 13 refs., 5 figs.
A shape constrained parametric active contour model for breast contour detection

Quantitative measures of breast morphology can help a breast cancer survivor to understand outcomes of reconstructive surgeries. One bottleneck of quantifying breast morphology is that there are only a few reliable automation algorithms for detecting the breast contour. This study proposes a novel approach for detecting the breast contour, which is based on a parametric active contour model. In addition to employing the traditional parametric active contour model, the proposed approach enforces a mathematical shape constraint based on the catenary curve, which has been previously shown to capture the overall shape of the breast contour reliably [1]. The mathematical shape constraint regulates the evolution of the active contour and helps the contour evolve towards the breast, while minimizing the undesired effects of other structures such as, the nipple/areola and scars. The efficacy of the proposed approach was evaluated on anterior posterior photographs of women who underwent or were scheduled for breast reconstruction surgery including autologous tissue reconstruction. The proposed algorithm shows promising results for detecting the breast contour.
Simple polynomial classes of chaotic jerky dynamics

Abstract Third-order explicit autonomous differential equations, commonly called jerky dynamics, constitute a powerful approach to understand the properties of functionally very simple but nonlinear three-dimensional dynamical systems that can exhibit chaotic long-time behavior. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics that can be generated by the two simplest polynomial jerky dynamics that, up to these days, are known to show chaotic behavior in some parameter range. After deriving several analytical properties of these systems, we systematically determine the dependence of the long-time dynamical behavior on the system parameters by numerical evaluation of Lyapunov spectra. Some features of the systems that are related to the dependence on initial conditions are also addressed. The observed dynamical complexity of the two systems is discussed in connection with the existence of homoclinic orbits.
Congenital hypoplastic anemia in six patients: unusual association of short proximal phalanges with mild anemia.

Six congenital hypoplastic anemia (CHA) patients from five families who have been followed from 2 months to 28 years are presented. Mild hypoplastic anemia in a 13-year-old girl was associated with clinodactyly of the fifth finger on both hands, shortness in the proximal phalanges on all fingers, and syndactyly between the second and third toes and short fourth toe on the right foot. These abnormalities, except for clinodactyly, have not been reported previously in CHA. In one of the five families genetic transmission was thought to be autosomal-dominant since both the father and the son had the disease. Therapy with corticosteroids was initiated in allpatients at the ages of 3.5 months to 13 years. Complete or near-complete recovery of anemia was obtained.
The effects of O2 pressure on Li–O2 secondary battery discharge capacity and rate capability

Abstract The nonaqueous lithium–oxygen (Li–O 2 ) battery is investigated in a contained, high pressure O 2 system. Increasing the O 2 pressure from 1 atm to 10 atm of O 2 increased the discharge potential by 10% when discharged at 100 μA cm −2 from 2.65 V to 2.77 V. In addition, the cell discharge capacity increased from 1400 mAh g C −1 at 1 atm of O 2 to 2100 mAh g C −1 at 10 atm at 100 μA cm −2 . The discharge capacity of the 1 atm O 2 cell decreased to 100 mAh g C −1 at 1000 μA cm −2 , while at 10 atm of O 2 it retained one third of the 100 μA cm −2 capacity at 2100 μA cm −2 and two thirds the 1 atm/100 μA cm −2 capacity at 500 μA cm −2 . This increase in capacity results from a more efficient utilization of the carbon electrode surface at higher pressures. As seen by SEM, the thickness of the discharge product layer was much greater when discharged under higher pressures, indicating more O 2 reached the active carbon surfaces and was reduced. In addition, at high pressure the electrode surface was more evenly used, having fewer areas with little or no discharge products.
Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Neurofibromatosis 1

We present monozygotic twins discordant for the autosomal dominant disorder neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The affected twin was diagnosed with NF1 at age 12, based upon accepted clinical criteria for the disorder. Both twins were re-examined at ages 35 and 57, at which times the unaffected twin continued to show no clinical manifestations of NF1. Short tandem repeat marker (STR) genotyping at 10 loci on chromosome 17 and 10 additional loci dispersed across the genome revealed identical genotypes for the twins, confirming their monozygosity. The affected twin has three children, two of whom also have NF1, while the unaffected twin has two children, both unaffected. Using lymphoblastoid, fibroblast, and buccal cell samples collected from both twins and from other family members in three generations, we discovered a pathogenic nonsense mutation in exon 40 of the NF1 gene. This mutation was found in all cell samples from the affected twin and her affected daughter, and in lymphoblastoid and buccal cells but not fibroblasts from the unaffected twin. We also found a novel non-synonymous change in exon 16 of the NF1 gene that was transmitted from the unaffected mother to both twins and co-segregated with the pathogenic mutation in the ensuing generation. All cells from the twins were heterozygous for this apparent exon 16 polymorphism and for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 2.5 kb flanking the site of the exon 40 nonsense mutation. This suggests that the NF1 gene of the unaffected twin differed in the respective lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts only at the mutation site itself, making post-zygotic mutation leading to mosaicism the most likely mechanism of phenotypic discordance. Although the unaffected twin is a mosaic, the distribution of the mutant allele among different cells and tissues appears to be insufficient to cause overt clinical manifestations of NF1.
Amyloid fibrils formed from a segment of the pancreatic islet amyloid protein.

Summary A synthetic peptide formed from residues 20–29 of the pancreatic islet amyloid protein has the confirmation of a twisted β-pleated sheet protein suggesting it is a potential contributor toward amyloid fibril formation in the islets of Langerhans in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A masked priming ERP study of letter processing using single letters and false fonts

Previous event-related potential (ERP) research on letter processing has suggested that a P150 reflects lowlevel, featural processing, whereas a P260 reflects high-level, abstract letter processing. In order to investigate the specificity of these effects, ERPs were recorded in a masked priming paradigm using matching and nonmatching pairs of letters (e.g., g-g, g-j) and false fonts (e.g., Open image in new window ). If the P150 priming effect indexes featural processing, there should be no effect of condition on the P150, since the letters and false fonts shared visual features. If the P260 priming effect indexes the processing of abstract letter representations, it should be evident only in the letter condition. As was expected, the P150 priming effect was similar for letters and false fonts; however, the P260 priming effect was also similar between conditions. Thus, the P260 priming effect may not be sensitive to abstract letter processing per se, or such processing may be extremely abstract.
Subfractional analysis of cyanobacterial membranes and isolation of plasma membranes by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning

Abstract The present work demonstrates that partition in aqueous polymer two-phase systems offers a rapid method for separation and isolation of thylakoid, plasma, and outer membranes from cyanobacteria. Pure plasma membranes from Phormidium laminosum can be isolated by this method within 3 h, starting with total membranes obtained by French press treatment of the cyanobacterial cells. The isolated plasma membranes have a broad density profile, giving rise to three subpopulations. The main fraction has the same density as the abundant thylakoid membranes. This fraction has not been resolved in previous separations based on sucrose gradient centrifugation, which is the only method previously used for isolation of cyanobacterial plasma membranes. Another advantage of the aqueous polymer two-phase system is that it can handle large quantities of starting material, which is essential to obtain a satisfactory yield since plasma membranes constitute only a very small fraction of the total membrane content in a cyanobacterial cell. The isolation procedure results in a pure plasma membrane preparation with retained cytochrome c oxidase activity. The results also point to the possibility of a lateral heterogenity in the organization of the cyanobacterial plasma membrane.
Wind Measurements in Noctilucent Clouds

The results of eight soundings conducted from sites at high latitude during the summers of 1963 through 1965 suggest that a relation exists between the winds at the mesopause and the occurrence of noctilucent clouds. These measurements indicate that situations in which noctilucent clouds are present are associated with lower wind speeds than is the case where there are no clouds.
Altered cord serum lipid levels associated with small for gestational age infants.

Objective: To determine whether small for gestational age (SGA) infants show changes in lipid metabolism that could distinguish growth-restricted subpopulations. Methods: Sera from the arterial cord blood from 38 SGA infants were analyzed for apolipoprotein A-I level, total lipid content, and distribution of those lipids as triglycerides, diglycerides, free fatty acids, and phospholipids. Comparisons were made between appropriate for gestational age (AGA) controls (n = 25), SGA infants with a ponderal index below the tenth percentile (SGA I, n = 20), and SGA infants with a ponderal index above the tenth percentile (SGA II, n = 18). Results: Total cord serum lipid content was markedly decreased in all SGA infants compared with AGA infants (2.8 times lower). Although SGA infants showed total lipid concentration decreases, SGA I and SGA II infants showed distinct characteristics. Infants in the SGA I group had higher triglyceride levels (1.8 times higher) and lower free fatty acid levels (1.4 times lower), compared with AGA infants (P < .001). The lipid subclass distribution in SGA II infants was not significantly different from that in AGA infants, with the exception of an increase in triglyceride concentrations (1.3 times higher). Although the 22-kD placenta-derived apolipoprotein A-I was similar in all groups, the level of fetal liver–derived 28-kD apolipoprotein A-I was 6.5 times lower in SGA I infants than in AGA or SGA II infants (P < .001). Conclusion: The SGA I infants appeared to have impaired utilization of circulating triglycerides, consistent with peripheral adipose depletion. Diminished fetus-derived apolipoprotein A-I levels with normal levels of placenta-derived apolipoprotein A-I levels might indicate a defect in the production or secretion of apolipoproteins associated with growth restriction.