cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secretagogue-induced 86Rb+ efflux from bovine parotid is HCO3- dependent

Muscarinic agonist (carbachol)-induced K+ loss from a bovine parotid mince was studied using 86Rb+ as a K+ marker. In contrast to our previous studies with the rat parotid [Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 24): G111-G118, 1991] in which both Cl(-)-dependent and HCO3(-)-dependent components of carbachol-induced 86Rb+ efflux were observed, no significant evidence for Cl(-)-dependent 86Rb+ loss was detected in the bovine parotid. HCO3(-)-dependent agonist-induced 86Rb+ loss was blunted by K+ and Cl- channel blockers and by removal of extracellular Ca2+, consistent with the hypothesis that this 86Rb+ loss occurs via a Ca(2+)-activated K+ channel and that this cation loss serves to electrically balance the concomitant loss of HCO3- via an electrically conductive pathway, presumably an apical anion channel. Acetate, formate, and propionate could substitute for HCO3-. Interpreted in terms of current models of salivary fluid secretion, which hypothesize that the production of fluid is secondary to anion secretion accompanied by an electrically coupled K+ loss, these results indicate that salivary production in the bovine parotid is driven almost exclusively by acinar HCO3- secretion.
Serologic Responses to Herpes Simplex Virus in Rabbits: Complement-requiring Neutralizing, Conventional Neutralizing, and Passive Hemagglutinating Antibodies

Five strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), two strains of type 2 (HSV2), and the Brod. strain were injected into rabbits. Type-specific and heterologous antibody responses were determined. Homotypic complement-requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody appeared after immunizations with HSV-1. A ratio of CRN to conventional neutralizing (N) antibody > 4 in one blood sample indicated a current antigenic stimulus. Significant CRN:N ratios (> 4) usually indicated a primary immunologic response. Homotypic CRN:N ratios were significant seven, 14, and 21 days after immunization with HSV-1. CRN antibodies were IgM at seven and 14 days but became IgG at 21 days. Lower titers of heterologous HSVneutralizing antibodies were also present. After immunizations with the HSV-2 and Brod. strains, homologous N antibody did not necessarily appear within 21 days, and CRN antibody developed in response to strain MS (HSV-2) but not to E304 (HSV-2 prototype) or Brod. Simultaneously, heterologous CRN and N antibody to HSV-1 appeared. With strains of both types, but especially with those of HSV-2, passive hemagglutinating (PHA) antibody appeared earlier and in higher titer than N antibody. The kinetics of appearance of PHA, CRN, and N antibodies suggest that PHA is not a measure of N antibody. The Brod. strain was neutralized poorly by hyperimmune rabbit antiserum to HSV-1 or HSV-2. However, hyperimmune antiserum to Brod. neutralized both HSV-1 and prototype HSV-2 but not B virus of monkeys. Antiserum to Brod. neutralized strain E304 better than HSV-1.
How to Avoid Squeal Noise on Railways State of the Art and Practical Experience

Curve squeal noise is noise generated in narrow curves only, producing a sound pressure level more than 10 dB(A) higher than normal rolling noise and which is dominated by pure tones. Squeal noise can occur when the wheel cannot take a position in the track channel with sufficient radius difference to allow the wheel set to roll freely through the curve. Operational requirements such as a minimum friction requirement have to be taken into account too by evaluating measures against squeal noise. Their weight depends on the operating scheme of the railway system. Squeal noise can be inhibited by measures at vehicle level as well as by way side measures. Experience with such measures are presented and provide support to railway operators (infrastructure and rolling stock) in the decision how to tackle squeal noise effectively and which parameters have to be focussed on, to ensure a successful squeal noise reduction.
SU-F-T-44: A Comparison of the Pre-Plan, Intra-Operative Plan, and Post-Implant Dosimetry for a Prostate Implant Case Using Prefabricated Linear Polymer-Encapsulated Pd-103

Purpose: To investigate the reproducibility and limitations of Pd-103 prostate brachytherapy using fixed length linear sources (CivaString). Methods: An LDR prostate brachytherapy case which was preplanned on MR images with prefabricated linear polymer-encapsulated Pd-103 sources (CivaString) was studied and compared with ultrasound based intra-operative planning and CT based post-implant dosimetry. We evaluated the following parameters among the three studies: prostate geometry (volume and cross sectional area), needle position and alignment deviations, and dosimetry parameters (D90). Results: The prostate volumes and axial cross sectional areas at center of prostate were measured as 41.8, 39.3 and 36.8 cc, and 14.9, 14.3, and 11.3 respectively on pre-plan MR, inter-op US, and post-implant CT studies. The deviation of prostate volumes and axial cross sectional areas measured on pre-planning MR and intra-operative US were within 5%. 17 out of 19 pre-planned needles were positioned within 5mm (the template grid size). One needle location was adjusted intra-operatively and another needle was removed due to proximity to urethra. The needle pathways were not always parallel to the trans-rectal probe due to the flexibility of CivaString. The angle of deviation was up to 10 degrees. Two pairs of needles were exchanged to better fit the length of prostate at the time of implant. This resulted in a prostate D90 of 153.8 Gy (124%) and 131.4 Gy (106.7%) for intra-op and PID respectively. Conclusion: Preplanning is a necessary part of implants performed with prefabricated linear polymer sources. However, as is often the case, there were real-time deviations from the pre-plan. Intra-op planning provides the ability conform to anatomy at the time of implant. Therefore, we propose to develop a systematic way to order extra strings of different length to provide the flexibility to perform intra-operative planning with fixed length strands.
The Aesthetics of Book Destruction

A book destroyed can be a beautiful thing. It can be dampened, moulded into a new shape, and photographed. It can be folded and pleated. It can be delicately cut into fantastical forms, or chiselled into a solid pistol-shape. In the case of these last three examples, it can then be re-presented in two-dimensional form, as a photographic image. Images of books that have been destroyed through negligence or catastrophe or as the result of acts of war or the nibbling teeth of mice can have, on occasion, their own shocking beauty.
Pyloric Sphincter Therapy: Botulinum Toxin, Stents, and Pyloromyotomy

Gastroparesis is a syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying with associated symptoms. Gastric emptying is a complex process and pyloric dysfunction may play a key role in select subsets of patients with gastroparesis. Diagnostic tests to measure pyloric physiology are now available and have the potential to be more widely used in clinical practice. Targeted therapies including botulinum toxin, transpyloric stent placement, surgical pyloroplasty and endoscopic pyloromyotomy have been developed. Data are emerging regarding efficacy and durability, but these therapies may play a prominent role in select patients with gastroparesis and pyloric dysfunction.
Evolution of a Social Norm: The Rise and Fall of the Enforcer in the National Hockey League

This paper investigates the time series properties of fighting and scoring in the National Hockey League from 1957-2013. The empirical analysis focuses on identifying structural breaks in the various time series and correlating these breaks with rule changes in the NHL, especially those that focus on fighting. We find that player behavior in the areas of fighting and scoring changed structurally before rule changes in the NHL that reduced the benefits and increased the costs of fighting. The data and empirical results suggest that the rise and fall of the enforcer was a function of changes in social norms within the NHL rather than legal changes by the league itself. The example suggests that other sports might also experience changes in social norms that lead to reduced violence and increased offense before formal rule changes are made by league officials.
Abstract P3-09-04: AML and MDS after adjuvant chemotherapy: A population based study among older breast cancer patients

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer is associated with a small risk of developing MDS and AML. The aim of this study is to determine the risk of developing AML or MDS after modern adjuvant chemotherapy in older breast cancer patients and to further define the risk of individual chemotherapy regimens. Methods: Patients diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer from 2003 to 2009 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Development of AML or MDS, chemotherapy use, and comorbidities were identified using ICD-9 and HCPCS codes. A single inpatient or 2 outpatient codes 30 days apart were required for identification of AML or MDS. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier method for 5-year AML/MDS rates and Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the hazard of AML and MDS after adjusting for clinically relevant covariates. Results: 68,702 patients were included, of them 166 (0.24%) developed AML and 385 (0.56%) developed MDS. The median time from breast cancer diagnosis to AML or MDS was 924 and 943 days respectively. The 5-year AML rates were 0.23% for the no chemotherapy group, 0.53% for anthracycline (A)-based regimens, 0.48% for anthracycline and taxane (AT)-based regimens, 0.39% for other (O) regimens and 0.09% for those who received docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC). 5-year MDS estimates were 0.62%, 1.07%, 0.72%, 1.08 and 0.38% respectively. In the multivariable model using no chemotherapy as the reference category, A (HR 3.03; 95%CI 1.75-5.24) and AT (HR 3.06; 95%CI 1.70-5.52) were the chemotherapy regimens associated with the highest risk for developing AML, followed by O (HR 2.05; 95%CI, 1.13-3.69). No significant increase in risk was observed in patients who received TC (HR 0.91; 95%CI 0.26-4.60). Similar results were observed when evaluating risk of MDS among patients treated with A (HR 2.25; 95%CI, 1.50-3.37), AT (HR 1.67; 95%CI 1.06-2.65), O (HR 2.30; 95%CI 1.61-3.29) and TC (HR 1.22; 95%CI 0.60-2.66). Conclusion: In this large cohort of patients we observed a small but significant increase in risk for AML and MDS with adjuvant chemotherapy. The highest risk was associated with A and AT-based chemotherapy. TC was the only regimen that was not significantly associated with an increased risk. Because of relative recent adoption of TC, longer follow-up is needed to better estimate the risk of MDS and AML in this group of patients. Citation Format: Aron S Rosenstock, Sharon H Giordano, Jiangong Niu, Hui Zhao, Antonio C Wolff, Thomas A Buchholz, Mariana Chavez-MacGregor. AML and MDS after adjuvant chemotherapy: A population based study among older breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-04.
Y-site Incompatibility between Premix Concentrations of Vancomycin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam: Do Current Compatibility Testing Methodologies Tell the Whole Story?:

Background: Published literature has demonstrated commercially available premix vancomycin (5 mg/mL) and piperacillin-tazobactam (67.5 mg/mL) as physically compatible via simulated Y-site methodology. Compatibility via actual Y-site infusion has yet to be established. Objective: To assess and compare the compatibility of commercially available premix concentrations of vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam via simulated and actual Y-site evaluation. Methods: Vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam were tested using simulated and actual Y-site infusion methodologies. Simulated Y-site compatibility was performed using previously published methods via visual inspection, turbidity evaluation, and pH evaluation. Evaluation occurred immediately, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, and 240 minutes following mixing for each mixture and control. Mixtures were considered physically incompatible if there was visual evidence of precipitation or haze, an absorbance value was greater than 0.01 A, or an absolute change of 1.0 pH unit occurred. Actual Y-site infusion was simulated to mirror antibiotic infusion in the clinical setting by nursing personnel using smart pumps and intravenous tubing. Results: No evidence of physical incompatibility was observed during simulated Y-site testing via visual inspection, turbidity assessment, and pH evaluation. Conversely, physical incompatibility was observed to the unaided eye within 2 minutes during actual Y-site infusion. Conclusions: Despite observed compatibility between vancomycin and piperacillin-tazobactam via simulated Y-site testing, visual evidence of physical incompatibility was observed during actual Y-site infusion. This poses a potential compromise to patient safety if these antibiotics are administered simultaneously in the clinical setting. Actual Y-site testing should be performed prior to clinical adoption of compatibility studies that are based solely on simulated methodologies.
Dynamic analysis of LLCC parallel resonant converter under pulse-width modulation control

The large and small signal dynamic analysis of LLCC-type parallel resonant converter operating in continous-conduction mode under fixed frequency, variable duty-ratio (pulse-width modulation) control is presented in this paper. The nonlinear and small-signal equations of the converter including the supply and output rectifiers are derived. The influence of the converter operation on the supply input power factor and how the input rectifier affects the small-signal dynamics of the converter are discussed.
The Research Program of the Rational Choice Approach: A Reconstruction

One of the major theoretical paradigms in sociology and the social sciences is the rational choice approach (RCA). George C. Homans, with his article “Social Behavior as Exchange” from 1958, is the founder of the RCA in sociology. Although in the meantime there is a vast and burgeoning literature applying and extending the approach, it is still not clear what its central assumptions are and what arguments contemporary rational choice scholars adduce that speak in favor or against it. The present paper addresses these questions.
Standardizing Real-Time Databases — RTSQL

This paper discusses extending the standard query language SQL’s definition, manipulation, and control to support real-time databases creating RTSQL (Real-Time SQL). A real-time database system has three distinguishing features: the requirement of temporally consistent data, the requirement of execution timing constraints, and the requirement that certain executions exhibit predictable timing behavior [17, 14, 20]. These features are useful to time critical applications that need to collect, modify, and retrieve shared data, and will add new requirements to the database query language.
A Case for Alpha-Lipoic Acid as an Alternative Treatment for Diabetic Polyneuropathy.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate current evidence of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) regarding efficacy, safety, and cost to accurately compare it with other diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) treatments. The intention is to provide recommendations on future research and to promote utilization of ALA in the United States (US). Methods : A literature search was conducted on three databases: Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. The following criteria were used to select studies: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label trials on ALA, (2) review articles and meta-analyses of RCTs on ALA, (3) study population consisting of patients with diabetes mellitus, peripheral neuropathic pain, and/or metabolic syndrome. Results : Twenty-five publications were selected including five RCTs and three open-label studies. Most clinical trials were conducted outside of the US. Current data provides evidence for the benefits of ALA in DPN treatment at a dose of 600 mg per day, either intravenously (IV) or orally, for a duration of at least 3 weeks with minimal side effects. Conclusions: ALA demonstrates effectiveness in treating DPN through multiple mechanisms to modulate pathophysiology and control symptoms. In addition, ALA exhibits activity in weight management and insulin sensitivity. The use of ALA for DPN in the US is worth considering because commonly prescribed medications have unclear mechanisms, more pronounced adverse effects, and are more expensive than ALA. Further research needs to be conducted to assess long-term efficacy of ALA in US patients.
Electromagnetic Units, the Giorgi System, and the Revised International System of Units

The centimeter-gram-second system of electromagnetic units (EMU) has been used in magnetism since the latter part of the 19th century. The International System of Units (SI), a successor to Giorgi's 1901 rationalized four-dimensional meter-kilogram-second system, was adopted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 with the ampere as the fourth base unit. However, EMU remains in common use for the expression of magnetic data. The forthcoming revision of the SI will accentuate its differences with EMU. The permeability of vacuum will no longer be a fixed constant, which recalls the Giorgi system and prompts a review of historical arguments on the concepts of magnetic flux density and magnetic field strength in vacuum. The redefinition of the ampere in terms of the fixed numerical values of two defining constants could allow for independent experimental measurements of the permeability of vacuum, i.e., determination of the magnetic constant.
Re: Doctor-Patient Trust Among Chronic Pain Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy after Opioid Risk Reduction Initiatives: A Survey.

To the Editor: I commend Dr. Karen Sherman and colleagues[1][1] on their work on trust and the doctor-patient relationship in patients on chronic opioid therapy. There are, however, 2 issues that I would like addressed. First, according to this article, when discussing the study population, “the
Exercise as a Counseling Intervention

The focus of wellness counseling is to guide individuals to live a healthy life in which body, mind, and spirit are integrated in order to experience fulfillment and happiness. Exercise undoubtedly has physical and psychological benefits in the human body and spirit. However, adherence to exercise has proven to be the greatest obstacle in getting individuals to experience the benefits of exercise. In addition, there is little research that gives counselors guidelines on how to use exercise as a therapeutic tool. The purpose of this article is to provide counselors steps to follow when using exercise as a counseling intervention and to provide techniques that will encourage exercise adherence.
New Copolymers for Nonlinear Optics Application which Incorporate Electroactive Subunits with Well Defined Conjugation Lengths

Over the past five or six years, rapid advances have been made in the field of photonics, or the manipulation of light by light. Although organic polymers have been generally regarded as insulators in the electronics industry, research advances in the area of electroactive materials have shown that polymers such as polyacetylene can achieve metallic conductivity approaching that of copper when oxidized or reduced chemically or electrochemically (doping). More recently, it has been recognized in our laboratory and others that electroactive materials also have exceptionally high optical nonlinearities. Research on these materials holds the promise that they indeed may be suitable for the eventual design of many nonlinear and electro-optic devices, including an all-optical computer.
The Association of Cultural and Structural Factors with Perceived Medical Mistrust Among Young Adult Latinos in Rural Oregon.

Although previous studies have examined the impact of medical mistrust on the health and health care seeking behaviors of diverse populations, including Latinos, limited research has explored cultu...
THE ANTS OF HISPANIOLA

This study presents what is known about the extant ant (Formicidae) fauna of the island of Hispaniola. Specimen-based occurrence records, published accounts, and newly collected data are synthesized here to provide a synopsis of the fauna: the species present, their known distribution, and details about their natural history. This study represents the only contemporary study of the ant fauna of one of the larger Caribbean islands. Forty-three genera and 144 named species and subspecies are now known from Hispaniola. Additional undescribed species, known from existing museum specimens, would readily add between 15 to 20 new endemic species to this total. Approximately half (61) of the native species (126) are island endemics. The discovery of novel species, both undescribed species and named species that were previously not know to occur on the island, is likely as further studies explore areas of the island that have yet to be sampled for ants.
Image-guided total-body irradiation with a movable electronic portal imaging device for bone marrow transplant conditioning.

Abstract Introduction To prevent radiation pneumonitis following total body irradiation (TBI) clinicians usually use lung shield blocks. The correct position of these shields relative to the patient's lungs is usually verified via mega-voltage imaging and computed radiographic (CR) films. In order to improve this time-consuming procedure, we developed in our department a dedicated, movable, real-time imaging system for image-guided TBI. Material & Methods The system consists of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) mounted on a dedicated support whose motion along a rail can be controlled from the linac console outside the bunker room. Images are acquired online using a stand-alone console. To test the system efficacy we retrospectively analyzed data of lung blocks positioning from two groups of 10 patients imaged with EPID or CR-films, respectively. Results The median number of portal images per fraction was 2 (range 1-5) and 1 (range 1-2) for the EPID and the CR-film system, respectively. The minimum time required for an EPID image acquisition, without interpretation and no need of patient position correction in the bunker, was 20 seconds against 214 seconds for the CR-film. Lung shielding positioning in the right-left and superior-inferior directions was improved using the EPID system (p Conclusions Compared to CR-films, our movable real-time imaging EPID system is a simple technical solution able to reduce the minimum imaging time for lung shielding by a factor of 10. With the increased possibility to acquire more images as compared to CR-film system the EPID system has the potential to improve patient alignment, as well as patient's comfort and overall setup time.
The American experience: towards a 21st century definition of dyslexia

We review the evolution of the conceptualisation of dyslexia and along with it the current, 21st century definition of dyslexia. Our starting point is the seminal report by Pringle Morgan in 1896, ...
Russia's Mission

A decade ago, influential Russian analysts concluded that the emergence of a multipolar world was inevitable, and that Russia could benefit from this transition by adopting a strategy that combined great power realism and “traditional” Russian values.This strategy, first elaborated in Vladimir Putin’s Valdai Speech of 2013, has since come to be known as “civilizational realism.” This essay describes how, through civilizational realism, Russia hopes to forge a new, and more ‘congenial’ world order.
Profiling of mouse macrophage lipidome using direct infusion shotgun mass spectrometry.

Summary Immune cells, such as macrophages, reprogram their lipid metabolism in response to the activation of pattern recognition receptors (e.g., TLRs, NLRs) and cytokine receptors (e.g., interferons, interleukins). Profiling these changes can be achieved with shotgun mass spectrometry. This protocol provides step-by-step instructions on the generation and stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), sample collection, and lipid extraction for profiling the macrophage lipidome. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hsieh et al. (2020 ).
What’s New in Drugs Used in Obstetrics?

Summary This article reviewed newer drugs and techniques to control pain during labor, provide anesthesia for cesarean section, and control postpartum pain. PCA and epidural narcotics are now commonly used for pain after cesarean section. Ancillary drugs, used by both obstetricians and anesthesiologists, were discussed. The obstetric anesthesiologist can use this information to understand current trends in this area of anesthetic practice.
MIMO ILC using complex-kernel regression and application to Precision SEA robots

Abstract This work improves the positioning precision of lightweight robots with series elastic actuators (SEAs). Lightweight SEA robots, along with low-impedance control, can maneuver without causing damage in uncertain, confined spaces such as inside an aircraft wing during aircraft assembly. Nevertheless, substantial modeling uncertainties in SEA robots reduce the precision achieved by model-based approaches such as inversion-based feedforward . Therefore, this article improves the precision of SEA robots around specified operating points, through a multi-input multi-output (MIMO), iterative learning control (ILC) approach. The main contributions of this article are to (i) introduce an input-weighted complex kernel to estimate local MIMO models using complex Gaussian process regression (c-GPR); (ii) develop Gersgorin-theorem-based conditions on the iteration gains for ensuring ILC convergence to precision within noise-related limits, even with errors in the estimated model; and (iii) demonstrate precision positioning with an experimental SEA robot. Comparative experimental results, with and without ILC, show around 90% improvement in the positioning precision (close to the repeatability limit of the robot) and a 10-times increase in the SEA robot’s operating speed with the use of the MIMO ILC.
Management of Anaplastic and Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Indications for Surgical Resection, Molecular Testing, and Systemic Therapy

Differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer are tumors derived from follicular thyroid cancers and are clinically and genetically distinct. Treatment of these tumors has evolved over the past decade, with 6 drugs/drug combinations that are US Food and Drug Administration approved.
Disparities in Accessing and Reading Open Notes in the Emergency Department Upon Implementation of the 21st Century CURES Act.

Study objective There is a continued movement toward health data transparency, accelerated by the 21st Century CURES Act, which mandated the automatic and immediate release of clinical notes, often termed "open notes." Differences in utilization among different patient demographics and disproportionately affected populations within the emergency department (ED) are not yet known. Methods This was an observational study of 10 EDs and 3 urgent care centers across a single health system over a 13-week period from February 1, 2021 to May 2, 2021. Primary outcomes included the proportion of patients with patient portal access to open notes at the time of encounter, the proportion of patients with access who opened the clinical note, and time from clinical note signing to patient read. Results Among 98,725 patient visits, less than half (48.9%) had patient portal access, of which 13.7% read an open note. Access was less likely in patients who were under age 18 (odds ratio 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.11), older than 65 (0.82, 0.73 to 0.93), Black non-Hispanic (0.66, 0.61 to 0.73), non-English speakers, and on public insurance. Patients were less likely to read open notes if they identified as Black non-Hispanic (0.61, 0.57 to 0.66), spoke Spanish (0.70, 0.60 to 0.81), or were on public insurance. Conclusion We identified substantial differences in digital access to clinical notes as well as patient utilization of open notes in a large, diverse sample. Health transparency initiatives must address not only technology adoption broadly but also the unique barriers faced by populations experiencing disadvantage to facilitate equitable access to and awareness about digital health tools without the unintended consequence of expanding disparities.
Unimolecular and bimolecular formic acid decomposition routes on dispersed Cu nanoparticles

Abstract The elementary steps and site requirements in formic acid (HCOOH) dehydrogenation on Cu surfaces remain of keen interest because formate species act as intermediates or spectators in methanol synthesis and water–gas shift reactions. Steady-state and transient kinetic data, isotopic effects, infrared spectra during catalytic and stoichiometric reactions, and theoretical treatments based on density functional theory (DFT) provide evidence for bimolecular reactions, in which saturated bidentate formate (*HCOO*) adlayers, present at 0.25 ML (0.25 *HCOO* per surface Cu atom), react with undissociated species (HCOOH □) bound at interstices within formate adlayers (□) to form H-bonded bimolecular HCOOH□-*HCOO* adducts. The co-existence of vicinal HCOOH□ and *HCOO* moieties is evident from antisymmetric infrared bands for *HCOO* that become stronger as a result of their H-bonding that perturbs the induced dipole moment of *HCOO* upon vibration, consistent with DFT-derived vibrational frequencies and intensities for such perturbed species. The *HCOO* moiety in this complex undergoes C-H activation via a transition state that is preferentially stabilized through H-bonding with the vicinal HCOOH□ relative to its *HCOO* precursor. DFT-derived HCOOH dehydrogenation activation barriers and those determined from the evolution of CO2 from pre-adsorbed *HCOO* species are about 10 kJ mol−1 smaller in the presence of gaseous HCOOH reactants (because of HCOOH□-*HCOO* interactions) than those for the unimolecular decomposition of bound *HCOO* species. Such bimolecular routes are consistent with measured effects of HCOOH, H2, and CO pressures and of H/D isotopic substitution on dehydrogenation turnover rates and represent the predominant channel for the formation of CO2 and H2 during catalytic HCOOH dehydrogenation on Cu nanoparticles. A saturated *HCOO* adlayer that retains binding interstices and the presence of HCOOH(g) enable a sequence of elementary steps unavailable for *HCOO* species, thus circumventing unassisted unimolecular routes that exhibit higher activation barriers.
Cognition, Coping, and Psychological Distress in HIV

Interrelationships among HIV-associated neurocognitive dysfunction, avoidant coping, cognitively-oriented coping, and psychological distress were examined using structural equation modeling in an ethnically diverse sample of 209 adults predominantly in the mid-range of illness. Global neurocognitive deficits, assessed with the HIV-dementia scale, were associated with higher levels of avoidant coping, lower levels of cognitive coping, and a higher avoidant/cognitive coping ratio, which were each in turn associated with higher psychological distress measured by a latent factor comprising symptoms of depression, anxiety, and HIV-related distressing thoughts. There were significant indirect effects through avoidant coping and a higher avoidant/cognitive coping ratio. Results suggest the presence of HIV-associated neurocognitive deficits may interfere with the utilization of cognitive-based coping strategies and increase reliance on more maladaptive strategies, which in turn may translate to elevated reports of psychological distress. Findings may help inform interventions aimed at reducing avoidant coping and psychological distress, two factors associated with accelerated HIV disease progression.
Extrinsic Radar Calibration With Overlapping FoV and Hitch Ball Position Estimation

Sensor fusion, in many perception algorithms, requires detections from multiple sensors to be transformed onto a conveniently chosen coordinate system for joint processing. The position and orientation of the sensors need to be determined for the fusion procedure. Two automotive radars installed in the taillight fixtures of a truck are considered in this work and their orientation is defined with respect to the straight line connecting them. We extrinsically calibrate the radar geometry by estimating the rotation (mount angle) and translation parameters that are needed to transform the detections from the radars onto a coordinate system whose origin is at the truck’s hitch ball. This coordinate system is a convenient choice for algorithms which use radars, installed in similar locations, to track or sense the rotation of an attached trailer about the hitch ball. The calibration is performed by rotating a trailer or a platform, upon which corner reflectors (CRs) are placed, about the hitch ball in the direction of both the radars. The algorithm is based on two principles: 1) the use of common detections found in the overlapping field of view (FoV) of the radars to estimate the rotation parameters and 2) a search for the center of trailer/platform rotation to estimate the translation parameters, which define the hitch ball position relative to the radars. It is shown that the use of more radar detections tends to increase the calibration accuracy. The data collected in an experiment result in estimation errors of about 0.20° and 3 cm for the rotation and translation parameters, respectively.
Chaos in the Clinic:Applications of Choas Theory to a Qualitative Study of a Veterinary Practice

This paper is the result of a twelve hour participant observation study of a local, private veterinary practice in southeastern Pennsylvania. Field notes and semi-structured interviews, the result of naturally occurring conversation between me and practice members, were taken over a twelve week period, one hour of site visit each week. Using a grounded theory methodology, categories of social interaction among veterinarians, veterinary technicians, clerical staff, owners and animal clients...
Nucleotide nature of the vasoreactive substance from human placenta.

Abstract The vasodepressor and smooth muscle-relaxing properties of human placental extract can be completely destroyed by treatment with various purified enzymes known to selectively hydrolyze the adenosine phosphates. A survey of various purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, nucleosides, and free bases showed that adenosine and its phosphorylated forms are capable of acting as hypotensive agents with smooth muscle-relaxing properties. They closely mimic the biologic effects produced by dichloroacetic acid extracts of the placenta from normal and toxemic patients. Adenosine diphosphate is the most potent of the nucleotides in inducing muscle relaxation and vasodepression.
Guanylyl Cyclase Receptors

A variety of mechanisms have evolved to signal changes in extracellular environments to downstream responses in cells. Among the most basic and ubiquitous of these is the synthesis of the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP activates downstream signaling cascades via the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs), which mediate ion flux and protein phosphorylation, respectively. The central proteins regulating the intracellular levels of cGMP are the guanylyl cyclase (GC) receptors synthesizing cGMP and the phophodiesterase (PDE) enzymes mediating cGMP degradation. Here, we summarize the basic biochemistry, biology, and therapeutic targeting of the GC family and their PDE counterparts.
Performance Ethnography: Critical Pedagogy and the Politics of Culture

This book is a manifesto. It is about rethinking performance autoethnography, about the formation of a critical performative cultural politics, about what happens when everything is already performative, when the dividing line between performativity and performance disappears. This is a book about the writing called autoethnography. It is also about what this form of writing means for writers who want to perform work that leads to social justice. Denzin’s goal is to take the reader through the history, major terms, forms, criticisms and issues confronting performance autoethnography and critical interpretive. To that end many of the chapters are written as performance texts, as ethnodramas. A single thesis organizes this book: the performance turn has been taken in the human disciplines and it must be taken seriously. Multiple informative performance models are discussed: Goffman’s dramaturgy; Turner’s performance anthropology; performance ethnographies by A. D. Smith, Conquergood, and Madison; Saldana’s ethnodramas; Schechter’s social theatre; Norris’s playacting; Boal’s theatre of the oppressed; and Freire’s pedagogies of the oppressed. They represent different ways of staging and hence performing ethnography, resistance and critical pedagogy. They represent different ways of "imagining, and inventing and hence performing alternative imaginaries, alternative counter-performances to war, violence, and the globalized corporate empire" (Schechner 2015). This book provides a systematic treatment of the origins, goals, concepts, genres, methods, aesthetics, ethics and truth conditions of critical performance autoethnography. Denzin uses the performance text as a vehicle for taking up the hard questions about reading, writing, performing and doing critical work that makes a difference.
On the rôle of abstract non-interference in language-based security

In this paper, we illustrate the role of the notion of Abstract Non-Interference in language based security, by explaining how it models both the weakening of attackers’ observational capability, and the declassification of private information. Namely, we show that in abstract non-interference we model both attackers that can only observe properties of public data, and private properties that can or cannot flow. Moreover, we deepen the understanding of abstract non-interference by comparing it, by means of examples, with some the most interesting approaches to the weakening of non-interference, such as the PER model, robust declassification, delimited release and relaxed non-interference.
Bromine–1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane

[5770-70-7] C6H12Br4N2 (MW 431.79) InChI = 1S/C6H12N2.2Br2/c1-2-8-5-3-7(1)4-6-8;2*1-2/h1-6H2;; InChIKey = JFABFIMWCQECCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (mild oxidizing agent for oxidizing benzyl alcohols and secondary alcohols to benzaldehydes and ketones;1 selectively oxidizes sulfides to sulfoxides;2 oxidizes monothioacetals to aldehydes3) Alternate Name: DABCO·2Br2; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, compound with Br2. Physical Data: mp 155–160 °C (dec). Solubility: insol most organic solvents and water. Form Supplied in: yellow amorphous solid (not commercially available). Preparative Method: prepared by adding excess Bromine to solutions of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, or water1-4 (95% yield obtained on 50 mmol scale).4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: thermally stable in neutral or basic media; decomposes in acidic media. Nonhygroscopic and stable to air, water, and light. This reagent should be handled in a fume hood.
A New Biography Of Ruth Benedict; Old Wine and Old Bottles; Economic Change In Papua New Guinea

Judith Schacter Modell. Ruth Benedict: Patterns of. Life. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. + 355 pp. $25.00 (cloth) Robert Lawless. Vinson H. Sutlive. Jr. and Mario D. Zamora. editors, Fieldwork The Human Experience. New York: Gordon & Breach, 1983. xxi. 196 pp. $27.50 (cloth) Deborah B. Gewertz Sepik River Societies:. Historical Ethnography of the Cbanibri and Their Neighbors. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. xii. 266 pp. $25.OO
Cortical blindness due to osmotic disruption of the blood‐brain barrier by angiographic contrast material CT and MRI studies

Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated disruption of the blood-brain barrier by the hyper osmolar, iodinated contrast agents in common use for intravascular injection during radiologic studies. We report 4 cases in which cortical blindness occurred after cerebral angiography. The patients underwent x-ray CT within 1 hour. CT showed abnormal contrast enhancement in the occipital regions in all 4 instances. Two patients underwent MRI; 1 of these manifested abnormal high-signal intensity in the occipital lobes on T 2 -weighted images. Only 2 previous cases documenting immediate contrast enhancement within the brain substance on CT following angiography are in the literature.
The Influence of Several Environmental Factors on the Development of the Southern Lyctus Beetle, Lyctus planicollis Leconte

Little information is available on the factors influencing the development of Lyctus planicollis LeConte. Snyder (1916) showed that wood, to be susceptible to attack by beetles of Lyctus planicollis LeC., must have a pore size large enough to permit insertion of the female's ovipositor. Wood high in starch content is more favorable for beetle development than wood low in starch content (Parkin 1938). The moisture content of the wood is another important factor in determining the development of Lyctus planicollis LeC. (Christian 1941, Smith 1955).
Human responses to vegetation and landscapes

Abstract The rapidly expanding research record concerning aesthetic, emotional and physiological response to visual landscapes is summarized, with emphasis on aesthetic preferences for views containing trees and other vegetation. The survey is set within a conceptual perspective suggesting that affective responses such as aesthetic preference are central to a landscape observer's thoughts, conscious experience and behavior. Substantial progress has been made in developing models that relate aesthetic responses to specific visual properties of environments. When aesthetic preferences are compared for urban and unspectacular natural views, American and European adult groups evidence a strong tendency to prefer nature. However, liking for urban scenes usually increases when trees and other vegetation are present. Views of nature, compared to most urban scenes lacking natural elements such as trees, appear to have more positive influences on emotional and physiological states. The benefits of visual encounters with vegetation may be greatest for individuals experiencing stress or anxiety. Recent research demonstrates that responses to trees and other vegetation can be linked directly to health, and in turn related to economic benefits of visual quality.
An evaluation of sound restoration hearing protection devices and audibility issues in mining

Despite advancements in engineering noise controls and the use of administrative controls, miners are still dependent on hearing protection devices for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss. However, miners often complain of reduced audibility or confusion about identifying spoken words when wearing conventional hearing protectors. This leads to an increased risk of miners being struck by moving equipment or errors in communication with co-workers. Miners will often remove their hearing protectors to overcome these obstacles. To address this problem, electronic technology exists that allows some amount of sound to pass through the hearing protector, therefore restoring some audibility of the passively attenuated sounds.?This paper will present the results of testing completed on a selection of four sound restoration hearing protection devices, with the objective of determining if they provide improved speech intelligibility to workers near certain types of mining equipment
Mechanism of catalytic aziridination with manganese corrole: the often postulated high-valent Mn(V) imido is not the group transfer reagent.

The reaction of ArINTs (Ar = 2-(tert-butylsulfonyl)benzene and Ts = p-toluenesulfonyl) and (tpfc)Mn (tpfc = 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole), 1, affords the high-valent (tpfc)MnVNTs, 2, on stopped-flow time scale. The reaction proceeds via the adduct [(tpfc)MnIII(ArINTs)], 3, with formation constant K3 = (10 ± 2) × 103 L mol−1. Subsequently, 3 undergoes unimolecular group transfer to give complex 2 with the rate constant k4 = 0.26 ± 0.07 s-1 at 24.0 °C. The complex (tpfc)Mn catalyzes [NTs] group transfer from ArINTs to styrene substrates with low catalyst loading and without requirement of excess olefin. The catalytic aziridination reaction is most efficient in benzene because solvents such as toluene undergo a competing hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) reaction resulting in H2NTs and lowered aziridine yields. The high-valent manganese imido complex (tpfc)MnNTs does not transfer its [NTs] group to styrene. Double-labeling experiments with ArINTs and ArINTstBu (TstBu = (p-tert-butylphenyl)sulfonyl) esta...
Sensor and method for determining the ammonia loading of a zeolite SCR catalyst

Abstract A sensor and a method for determining the NH 3 loading of a base-metal zeolite catalyst are described. This catalyst material is used to reduce NO x emissions in diesel exhaust via reaction with injected NH 3 , a process known as selective catalytic reduction (SCR). Some of the injected NH 3 is stored on the catalyst surface before it reduces NO x . We demonstrate that the catalyst material itself can be used as part of a sensor measuring the level of stored NH 3 . The AC conductivity of a thick film of the catalyst material was measured at 4 Hz and was found to increase when NH 3 was introduced into the gas phase, eventually saturating presumably as the material reached its maximum NH 3 storage capacity. The conductivity was monitored as the temperature was raised sufficiently to desorb (or oxidize) most of the stored NH 3 . The resulting change in the conductivity upon heating was used as a measure of the NH 3 loading level on the zeolite catalyst material. We demonstrate this parameter is dependent on NH 3 concentration, NH 3 loading time and gas temperature.
Rapid Bioassay for Auxin

A rapid bioassay is described for the detection of growth substances. The bioassay is simple to perform under ordinary laboratory or classroom conditions and the sensitivity to auxin is comparable to other bioassays, including those using Avena first internode sections. The bioassay is performed on isolated first internode sections from partly etiolated bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bush Burpee Stringless Bush Bean). The test material is applied to one side and near the base of the section. Auxin treatments induce curvature and the distance of the lateral displacement of the apical portion of the segment is proportional to the concentration applied. Routinely, the indole 3-acetic acid response is measured 1 to 3 h after treatment. The sections also respond to gibberellic acid (GA3), which induces an increase in overall length, but unlike auxin, GA3 does not cause curvature. The test compounds are applied via a small filter paper disk that provides a convenient means for studying interactions of two or more compounds by co-applications. Auxin-induced growth can be monitored with a sensitive motion detector. Data are presented which confirm the usefulness of the assay.
Ethane hydrogenolysis catalyzed by W(100)

Abstract The ability of the (100) face of tungsten to catalyze ethane hydrogenolysis has been investigated. At 573 K, methane is formed with a specific activity of 0.01 molecules per surface tungsten atom per second (100 Torr H 2 , 1 Torr C 2 H 6 ), with no evidence of catalyst deactivation even after several hundred turnovers. Hydrogenolysis is approximately first-order in ethane and half-order in dihydrogen, and displays an apparent activation energy of 27 kcal/mol. Negligible activity is displayed by clean tungsten; the true catalyst appears to be a monolayer of carbide which is formed on the surface of the tungsten on exposure to the reactants.