cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Naive theories of buying and selling: Implications for teaching critical‐viewing skills

Abstract Much research shows that children's understanding of advertising intent becomes increasingly sophisticated with age. Little is known, however, about what skills underlie children's comprehension and how these skills develop. In this study, 112 children aged 6 to 9 participated in a 2 × 2 within‐subjects experiment designed to assess their comprehension of two types of transactions (buying and selling) in response to two instruction sets: a direct form in which the child was the agent ('You buy X from Y"), and an indirect form in which someone else was the agent ("Make Z buy X from Y"). Although children demonstrated greater competence with buying and selling when direct instructions were given, selling transactions were more difficult for children to perform than buying transactions, regardless of the instructions used. The results suggest that without knowledge that selling implies an exchange of money for goods (and an opportunity for profit), young viewers are unlikely to recognize advertisers...
Fracture of plasma-sprayed thick thermal barrier coatings under multiaxial stress states

Failure behaviour of free-standing plasma-sprayed coatings was investigated under combined axial and shear loading. Thin-walled tubular specimens were loaded with various combinations of tension/compression and torsion. This allows the failure surface to be established for loading situations where the two principal stresses are of opposite signs. Specimens failed in one of the two modes, a tensile failure perpendicular to the maximum principal stress or a compression shear failure through the thickness. Failure data were adequately described by the maximum principal stress theory. Stress-strain curves fall within a single scatter band depending on the failure mode. In situ deformation tests showed that the mechanism was microcrack closing and sliding in compression and microcrack opening, coalescence and the development of new microcracks in tension.
The oxygen supply of the human heart.

Abstract The factors involved in oxygenation of the human heart have been discussed and illustrated in normal subjects and in common forms of heart disease. Within all groups at rest, significant variability in ventricular performance, myocardial oxygen requirements and oxygen supply patterns exists, suggesting that individual resting observations are of little value in detecting abnormalities of the coronary circulation. An exception appears to exist in low cardiac output congestive heart failure where functional coronary insufficiency is postulated due to coronary participation in peripheral vasoconstriction. During exercise, increased myocardial oxygen requirements are met by elevated coronary blood flow in normal coronary subjects, allowing maintenance of resting myocardial oxygen tension. Coronary vascular reserve is inadequate in coronary arterial disease, and a compensatory elevation of myocardial oxygen extraction lowers exercise coronary venous oxygen saturation and, presumably, myocardial oxygen tension. In congestive heart failure, markedly elevated exercise myocardial oxygen requirements place extraordinary demands on the coronary circulation, and in some instances may precipitate insufficiency of the anatomically normal or mildly diseased coronary circulation. An important consequence of coronary insufficiency appears to be compensatory elevation of myocardial oxygen extraction and reduction of myocardial oxygen tension during exercise. These studies demonstrate no relationship between absolute coronary venous oxygen values and angina pectoris, although the precipitation of this symptom may be related to the degree of reduction in coronary venous oxygenation during exercise. Analysis of myocardial lactate, pyruvate and catecholamine metabolism reveals no causal relationship to angina pectoris or coronary vasodilatation. Of the study subjects having angina pectoris, 82 per cent have detectable oxygen supply abnormalities, an incidence in close agreement with that of diffuse versus localized coronary arterial disease. The role of inefficient energy utilization has been suggested in the precipitation of coronary insufficiency in congestive heart failure and obliterative coronary arterial disease. Conversely, reduced myocardial oxygen tension secondary to coronary insufficiency may impair ventricular performance and result in myocardial damage. These problems require further evaluation of the biochemical events associated with coronary insufficiency, and an examination of myocardial energy production and utilization in coronary arterial disease.
Idiopathic Hyperammonemia in a Patient with Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Cell Transplantation

Context Idiopathic hyperammonemia is characterized by elevated serum ammonia associated with neurological deterioration of no other obvious etiology associated with relatively normal liver function tests and normal amino-acid levels. Case report We report a case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with acute mental status changes with a pelvic abscess approximately a year following her total pancreatectomy and islet cell transplant surgery. Her ammonia level was elevated to 425 μg/dL. Traditional ammonia-reducing therapies were initiated, but proved ineffective. Metabolic, pharmacologic, microbial, and autoimmune causes for hyperammonemia were excluded. The patient ultimately required continuous veno-venous hemofiltration to decrease her ammonia. Ammonia levels decreased following continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and the patient’s mental status gradually returned to baseline. Conclusion Idiopathic hyperammonemia in the setting of total pancreatectomy and islet cell transplantation has not been reported before. We propose that malnutrition following total pancreatectomy resulting in repressed urea cycle enzyme synthesis may have predisposed for this hyperammonemia. Image: Liver biopsy showing signs of cholestasis with pericentral and pericellular fibrosis.
Joint position sense and vibration sense: anatomical organisation and assessment

Clinical examination of joint position sense and vibration sense can provide important information concerning specific cutaneous sensory receptors, peripheral nerves, dorsal roots, and central nervous system pathways and should be included as a regular component of the neurological examination. Although these sensory modalities share a spinal cord and brainstem pathway, they arise in different receptors and terminate in separate distributions within the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Consequently, both modalities should be tested as part of the neurological examination. Clinical testing of these modalities requires simultaneous stimulation of tactile receptors; hence this review will include information about the receptors and pathways responsible for tactile sensation.
Cyclic AMP suppression is sufficient to induce gliomagenesis in a mouse model of Neurofibromatosis-1

Current models of oncogenesis incorporate the contributions of chronic inflammation and aging to the patterns of tumor formation. These oncogenic pathways, involving leukocytes and fibroblasts, are not readily applicable to brain tumors (glioma), and other mechanisms must account for microenvironmental influences on central nervous system tumorigenesis. Previous studies from our laboratories have used neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models to understand the spatial restriction of glioma formation to the optic pathway of young children. Based on our initial findings, we hypothesize that brain region-specific differences in cAMP levels account for the pattern of NF1 gliomagenesis. To provide evidence that low levels of cAMP promote glioma formation in NF1, we generated foci of decreased cAMP in brain regions where gliomas rarely form in children with NF1. Focal cAMP reduction was achieved by forced expression of phosphodiesterase 4A1 (PDE4A1) in the cortex of Nf1 GEM strains. Ectopic PDE4A1 expression produced hypercellular lesions with features of human NF1-associated glioma. Conversely, pharmacologic elevation of cAMP with the PDE4 inhibitor rolipram dramatically inhibited optic glioma growth and tumor size in Nf1 GEM in vivo. Together, these results indicate that low levels of cAMP in a susceptible Nf1 mouse strain are sufficient to promote gliomagenesis, and justify the implementation of cAMP-based stroma-targeted therapies for glioma.
Elemental survey analysis by neutron activation: simplified estimation of upper limits

Abstract A procedure is described for the rapid estimation of concentration upper limits of elements not observed in a sample by routine instrumental reactor neutron activationanalysis. Experimental andtheoreticaljustifications of time-saving steps are given, and necessary precautions in the use of the procedure are discussed. Tables for use with the procedure are included.
A comparison of complications associated with colostomy reversal versus ileostomy reversal.

Background: The incidence of complications after reversal of Hartmann’s procedure is unknown. This study compares the morbidity of Hartmann’s reversal versus loop ileostomy reversal. Methods: Two groups of 20 patients were studied retrospectively over a 5-year period. One group underwent Hartmann’s takedown, and the other underwent loop ileostomy takedown. Postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Similar demographics were noted between each group. The most common initial indications for Hartmann’s procedure were diverticulosis (11 patients, 55%) and colon cancer (4 patients, 20%). For patients who had undergone colectomy with primary anstomosis and ileostomy, colon cancer was the most common indication (12 patients, 60%) followed by diverticulosis (3 patients, 15%). Complications were more common after Hartmann reversal than loop ileostomy reversal (16 complications/11 patients versus 6 complications/4patients, P .047). Conclusion: Segmental colonic excision with anastomosis and loop ileostomy may be an attractive alternative to minimize morbidity with stoma reversal. © 2005 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.
Regulation of skeletal muscle fiber size, shape and function

There is convincing evidence that the cross-sectional area, the type of myosin expressed, the potential for oxidative phosphorylation and the number of myonuclei of a skeletal muscle fiber are closely interdependent. Each of these variables, as well as the shape of the fiber, has identifiable physiological consequences. Further, it is suggested that the cytoplasmic to myonucleus ratio is a function of the myosin type and the amount and/or rate of protein synthesis and degradation. Although the neuromuscular activity (electromyographic activity) as well as the associated mechanical and metabolic events have significant regulatory influences on protein metabolism, there are other important regulatory factors independent of these activity-related events. Both the activity and non-activity related regulatory mechanisms probably occur via a cascade of cellular events. The specific combinations of cellular responses that occur may define the nature of the modulatory effects on specific proteins. In spite of the complexity of the regulatory mechanisms of protein modulation and how these responses are structurally integrated into or removed from functional fibers, it is suggested that controlled studies of human neuromuscular function can be more accurately defined and interpreted when fiber and muscle size and shape are considered.
Interaction of Sex and Size and the Standard Metabolic Rate of Paedomorphic Ambystoma talpoideum: Size Does Matter

Abstract We measured the standard metabolic rate of paedomorphic Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) from South Carolina. Despite an absence of body size differences between females and males, analysis of covariance demonstrated metabolic rates (mL O2/h) were significantly influenced by an interaction between sex and body size. The interaction appeared as a result of changes in the size-metabolism relationship in males (a steeper slope in the size-metabolism regression in small males as compared to large males), whereas the relationship remained constant in females, regardless of size. We hypothesize that the observed differences are attributable to differences in reproductive physiology between the sexes. The results of this study underscore the need to evaluate the potential interactions among relevant variables in studies of metabolism, which heretofore have been disregarded in studies of salamander physiology.
Three-Dimensional Fluidic Architectures Using Nanofluidic Diodes to Control Transport between Microfluidic Channels in Microelectromechanical Devices

Nuclear track-etched membranes are used as gateable interconnects between vertically separated microfluidic channels to achieve three-dimensional fluidic architectures. Transport through the membranes may be electrically gated to control the transfer of material between channels in an externally controllable fashion. Because unidirectional flow may be gated on or off with the application of the appropriate bias conditions, these structures are likened to electronic diodes.
Local Government Finance and the Economics of Property Tax Reform

Dick Netzer of New York University looks at the role of the property tax exemption for charities in local government finance. If services produced by nonprofits are largely exported from a jurisdiction, then requiring full property taxes or payments in lieu of taxes is a way of exporting local tax burdens, the author writes.
Contact percolation transition in athermal particulate systems.

Typical quasistatic compression algorithms for generating jammed packings of purely repulsive, frictionless particles begin with dilute configurations and then apply successive compressions with the relaxation of the elastic energy allowed between each compression step. It is well known that during isotropic compression these systems undergo a first-order-like jamming transition at packing fraction ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{J}$ from an unjammed state with zero pressure and no force-bearing contacts to a jammed, rigid state with nonzero pressure, a percolating network of force-bearing contacts, and contact number $z=2d$, where $d$ is the spatial dimension. Using computer simulations of two-dimensional systems with monodisperse and bidisperse particle size distributions, we investigate the second-order-like contact percolation transition, which precedes the jamming transition with ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{P}l{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{J}$ and signals the formation of a system-spanning cluster of non-force-bearing contacts between particles. By measuring the number of nonfloppy modes of the dynamical matrix, the displacement field between successive compression steps, and the overlap between the adjacency matrix, which represents the network of contacting grains, at $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ and ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{J}$, we find that the contact percolation transition also signals the onset of a nontrivial mechanical response to applied stress. Our results show that cooperative particle motion occurs in unjammed systems significantly below the jamming transition for ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{P}l\ensuremath{\varphi}l{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{J}$, not only for jammed systems with $\ensuremath{\varphi}g{\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{J}$.
Taking a Closer Look at the Effects of Failure (and Success) on Self-Handicapping Behavior

Self-handicapping, the claiming or creating of obstacles prior to one's performance in order to influence others' (or one's own) impressions has received increasing attention from scholars because of its paradoxical nature. On the one hand, self-handicapping theoretically provides the self-handicapper with a self-protective benefit in the event of failure; on the other hand, self-handicapping runs the risk of harming the actor's actual performance. In the effort to better understand the cause of self-handicapping, the present research investigated the effects of feedback contingency and valence on individuals' tendencies to engage in self-handicapping. It was hypothesized that individuals would be more likely to self-handicap when they experienced non-contingent as opposed to contingent feedback and that this effect would be stronger in the case of failure as opposed to success feedback. Four experiments were conducted, of which two were conducted in the lab and two were conducted on-line via Amazon's Mec...
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduces clinical severity in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. (THER7P.944)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic enzymes that mediate the degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix. Their functions are essential for normal physiological processes such as wound healing, but their dysregulation is associated with various pathologies including autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-established murine model of MS that is mediated by CD4+ T-cells. These cells penetrate the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), recruit other immune cells, initiate destruction of the myelin sheath, and cause axonal loss. MMP-9 is a hallmark enzyme in the progression of MS that is required for penetration of the BBB and generation of autoantigens in EAE. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that MMP-9 contributes to normal intracellular function of various cell types including antigen activated T-cells; however, the intracellular role of MMP-9 in immune cell activation during EAE pathogenesis is not known. In this study, we used a highly selective MMP-9 triple-helical peptide inhibitor (THPI) that is a phosphinate transition state analog to examine antigen specific T-cell responses. We found that selective inhibition of MMP-9 can mitigate pathogenic T-cell activity and cellular trafficking as well as the clinical severity of EAE, suggesting that selective MMP-9 inhibition in MS can be a potent therapeutic option.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Treating Benign Esophageal Stenosis by Balloon Dilatation Therapy and by Wihdrawable Sigma Stent Recyclable (Report of 68 Cases)

Objective To compare the long-term efficacy and complications of the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children using balloon dilatation method and using withdrawable stent method. Methods: Retrospective analysis of minimally invasive endoscopic treatment of 68 cases of esophageal stenosis in children, treatment with balloon dilation in 35 cases, treatment of withdrawable stent in 33 cases. Results: The balloon dilatation group have eight relapse cases after 3 months, 12 relapse cases after six months, 13 cases of hemorrhage, three cases of esophageal perforation. The stent implantation group have no serious complications occurred. During follow-up period of 6-12months,with the stent removed, all children are able to eat normally. All children's eating difficulties has mitigated.Conclusion: The use of withdrawable stent in treating benign esophageal stenosis in children has high efficiency and low recurrence rate. Complication rate was significantly lower than that of using balloon dilatation for the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children. Withdrawable stent implantation method provides a safe, effective and convenient new way of treating benign esophageal stenosis.
FACTIVES AND PROPOSITION LEVEL CONSTRUCTIONS IN MONTAGUE GRAMMAR

In this paper I shall try to modify and extend Montague's treatment of a fragment of English in Montague (1973) (henceforth PTQ) to accommodate factives and to account for some of their semantic and syntactic properties. Since the salient features of this extension of PTQ are motivated largely by the Kiparskys’ work on the subject, Kiparsky and Kiparsky (1971), it would be well to consider first the Kiparskys’ analysis of factives.
Bioethics in the Reformed Tradition

As part of its 1995 review of its health care policy and program the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) adopted a resolution, a “call to healing and wholeness”: This church, as the body of Christ, is called to be a community of health and healing in every level and location of its common life. It is called to live out, sustain, and promote health within its own life and within the larger community. It is called to carry out the purposes of a sovereign, health-giving God, through ministries of compassion, service, and advocacy for justice. It is called to reclaim its heritage of healing and wholeness ([3], p. 3).
An innovation in the global fight for religious freedom - the religious freedom & business foundation : in my opinion

While the intersection between religious freedom and business is not often seen, religious freedom strengthens societies and businesses.
Corn Injury from Foliar Zinc Application Does Not Affect Grain Yield

Zinc deficiency symptoms have been observed on corn (Zea mays L.) grown on coarse-textured, high-pH soils in the Mississippi Delta. To correct deficiencies, many corn producers apply foliar Zn. Corn injury from foliar Zn application has been observed; however, it is not clear whether foliar Zn injury affects grain yield. Also, little information currently exists about the ability of foliar Zn sources to increase corn tissue Zn concentration. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Zn source and Zn application rate on foliar injury, tissue Zn concentration, and grain yield in corn. Zinc-citrate, Zn–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ZnSO₄ were applied to corn at 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg Zn ha⁻¹ at V4. Corn injury was evaluated 3, 6, and 9 d after application, and tissue Zn concentration was determined 2 wk after Zn application. Grain yield was determined at harvest. Zinc-citrate imparted the greatest injury at all application rates, followed by ZnSO₄ and Zn-EDTA. Injury generally increased as Zn application rate increased. The 0.56 kg Zn ha⁻¹ rate resulted in similar tissue Zn content across all Zn sources. Zinc-citrate and ZnSO₄ application resulted greater tissue Zn content than Zn-EDTA at 1.12 and 2.24 kg Zn ha⁻¹ rates. Despite high levels of foliar injury observed for some Zn sources and rates, no differences in grain yield were observed.
Confronting the Urban Civic Opportunity Gap: Integrating Youth Participatory Action Research Into Teacher Education

This article considers how youth participatory action research (YPAR) can be used to build the civic teaching capacities of preservice teachers working in urban settings. In the final semester of an urban-focused teacher education program, preservice teachers led YPAR programs in the urban schools in which they student-taught the previous semester. This article analyzes what preservice teachers learn through the process of YPAR. Specifically, we found that YPAR supported teacher learning in three areas: cultivating student-centered teaching practices, observing and documenting students’ strengths and capacities, and developing new understandings of the structural inequalities that shaped the lives of the students in urban schools. Drawing on data collected over the past 6 years, we argue that leading children and young people in participatory action research projects can contribute to the creation of the transformative civic educators so sorely needed in urban settings.
Expanding the nematode model system: The molecular basis of inflammation and infection recovery in C. elegans

Inflammation is an acute response to invading pathogens that temporarily reduces fitness, but allows the host to survive infection. Dysregulated inflammation is a chronic state that is now recogniz...
Are We Wasting Our Time Teaching Business Ethics? Ethical Lapses Since Enron and the Great Recession

This paper examines whether corruption and dishonesty are still major issues after huge debacles such as Enron and the Great Recession of 2008. Sadly, little has changed and the moral compass is broken at many organizations; greed still reigns. Examples from the financial, automobile, retailing, and accounting industries are provided to demonstrate that many leaders have no qualms about selling dangerous products or using dubious accounting to maximize profit. Apparently, little has changed: organizational leaders and boards may be paying lip service to the importance of integrity and ethics but are not practicing what they preach.
Acute Blood Pressure Management in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Equipoise Resists an Attack

There are 2 competing rationales for acute blood pressure (BP) management in primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). A conservative approach is predicated on the possibility that cerebral blood flow is passively dependent on perfusion pressure, whereas an aggressive approach has been hypothesized to improve outcomes via a reduction in early hematoma expansion. Although the latter is a biologically plausible hypothesis, this relationship has not been consistently demonstrated in retrospective or prospective studies, likely reflecting the fact that hematoma expansion is dependent on multiple factors, in particular the time from symptom onset to diagnostic scan, and baseline volume.1 The most effective way to address this clinical equipoise is, therefore, a randomized controlled trial of the 2 different BP management strategies. In the ATACH-II trial (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage II), 1000 patients were randomized to a systolic BP (SBP) target of 110 to 139 mm Hg or 140 to 179 mm Hg, after the Data Safety Monitoring Board–recommended trial suspension on the basis of a futility analysis.2 Despite a robust and early difference in achieved BP between the 2 groups, the 90-day mortality and disability rate was unaffected (38.7% versus 37.7%; P =0.84). The reasons for this lack of treatment effect are not clear. There was no effect on the frequency of hematoma expansion, although the trend was in favor …
The effects of multiple anaesthetic episodes on equine recovery quality.

Background Although rare, 70% of equine fatalities during recovery from general anaesthesia (GA) are due to catastrophic fractures from poor recovery quality. Objective To determine the effect of repeated GA recovery on GA recovery quality. Study design Experimental blinded trial. Methods Eight adult horses underwent six GA events on sevoflurane for distal limb MRI examination over a 14-week period. Prior to GA recovery, xylazine was administered. Randomly ordered video-recorded GA recoveries were scored by three blinded board certified veterinary anaesthesiologists, unaware of patient identity or GA event number, for nine parameters using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) where 0 = worst and 100 = best. The number of attempts to stand, duration of lateral and sternal recumbency, total recovery duration and physiologic parameters during each GA event were recorded. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to detect differences. Agreement between observer VAS scores was determined via inter-rater reliability using an intraclass correlation. Results With GA recovery experience, VAS scores for balance and coordination, knuckling, and overall quality of recovery were improved and the duration of lateral recumbency was increased. There were no differences in total recovery duration, number of attempts to stand, physiologic parameters other than heart rate during GA, or VAS scores for activity in lateral recumbency, move to sternal, move to stand, or strength. Main limitations Each GA event was relatively short and there was no surgical stimulation. The same results may not occur if there was surgical stimulation and pain during each GA event. Conclusion Recovery from GA improves with multiple anaesthetic episodes in horses. Clinicians can advise clients that horses are likely to have better GA recovery on repeated GA recovery due to improved balance and coordination and reduced knuckling. Additionally, there is no change in anaesthetic morbidity with six repeated GA events over a 14-week period.
Evaluating Preparation Programs for Music Education and Visual Arts Education Teachers

Boardman (1990) writes that “formal training in music instruction for teachers has existed in institutions of higher education for at least one hundred years” (p. 730). Art education has an even longer history. Educators in these disciplines demonstrate an equally long and impressive history of concern for quality teacher education programs; in fact, one of the goals of the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM), founded in 1924, was to establish standards for music education programs (Boardman, 1990; Davis, 1990; NASAD, 1989; and NASM, 1989). Music and visual arts educators are concerned about the effect of the current educational reform movement on their programs, and on all teacher education programs (Erbes, 1987; Olson, 1986; Taylor, 1989). They also bemoan the lack of research to guide program improvements (Boardman, 1990; Davis, 1990). Leonhard (1985) states that “music teacher education has changed very little in the last 50 years” and attributes that problem to the fact that “no program has ever been systematically developed for the specific purpose of preparing music teachers” (pp. 10–11). Sevigny (1987) reports that his search of the literature on visual arts teacher education “yielded minimal historical documentation of teacher training methods in the visual arts, sparse conclusions relating art curriculum theory to teaching practices, and limited empirical knowledge about teaching effectiveness in relation to” discipline-based art education (pp. 95–96). Despite these findings, there is considerable literature about music and visual arts education that can be used in program planning.
Pore-Scale Modeling of Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow Through Micro-CT Images of Rocks

Most of the pore-scale models are concerned with Newtonian fluid flow due to its simplicity and the challenge posed by non-Newtonian fluid. In this paper, we report a non-Newtonian numerical simulation of the flow properties at pore-scale by direct modeling of the 3D micro-CT images using a Finite Volume Method (FVM). To describe the fluid rheology, a concentration-dependent power-law viscosity model, in line with the experimental measurements of the fluid rheology, is proposed. The model is first applied to a single-phase flow of Newtonian fluids in 2 benchmark rocks samples, a sandstone and a carbonate. The implemented FVM technique shows a good agreement with the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). Subsequently, adopting a non-Newtonian fluid, the numerical simulation is used to perform a sensitivity study on different fluid rheological properties and operating conditions. The normalized effective mobility variation due to the change in polymer concentration leads to a master curve while the flow rate displays a contrast between carbonate and sandstone rocks.
Influenza: annual seasonal severity

Purpose of reviewInfluenza remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The 2017–2018 season was one of the most severe in the past decade. The exact factors determining the severity of a particular influenza season are complex and often poorly understood.Recent findingsFactors impacting annual
Detection and mitigation of actuator attacks on small unmanned aircraft systems

Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are susceptible to malicious attacks originated by intelligent adversaries, and the actuators constitute one of the critical attack surfaces. In this paper, the problem of detecting and mitigating attacks on the actuators of a small UAS is addressed. Three possible solutions of differing complexity and effectiveness are proposed to address the problem. The first method involves an active detection strategy, whereby carefully designed excitation signals are superimposed on the control commands to increase the detectability of the attack. In the second method, an unknown input observer is designed, which in addition to detecting the attack also estimates the magnitude of the attack. The third method entails designing an actuator system that makes use of variable frequency pulse-width modulated signals to improve the resilience of the actuator against malicious attacks. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is demonstrated using flight experiments and realistic MATLAB simulations that incorporate exogenous disturbances, such as steady winds, atmospheric turbulence, and measurement noise.
Drug-loaded exosomal preparations from different cell types exhibit distinctive loading capability, yield, and antitumor efficacies: a comparative analysis

Background Despite tremendous advancement, cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Inefficiency of current drug delivery regimens is one important factor that limits the therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs, thus contributing to cancer mortality. To address this limitation, synthetic nanotechnology-based delivery systems have been developed; however, they raise concern of inducing adverse immunogenic reactions. Exosomes (Exos) are nonimmunogenic nanosized vesicles that have received significant attention as efficient drug delivery system.
Nutrition-Related Outcomes for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Patients.

Abstract Introduction Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) patients are at risk for malnutrition before transplantation admission as well as malnutrition acquired during their transplantation admission. Patients and Methods In this retrospective, observational study we examined data related to consecutive adults (n = 330) admitted for ASCT between 2014 and 2016 at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Malnutrition risk on admission (identified by the Malnutrition Screening Tool) and transplantation-associated weight loss were analyzed for independent associations with hospital length of stay, nosocomial infection, intensive care unit transfer, deconditioning, time to platelet and neutrophil engraftment, 30-day readmission, and 1-year mortality. Results Adults with high malnutrition risk (n = 60) had a longer median hospital stay (P = .004), longer median time to platelet engraftment (P = .022), increased nosocomial infections (P = .047), and increased 1-year mortality (P = .036). Adults with high transplantation-associated weight loss (n = 100) experienced longer hospital stays (P Conclusion Further research is needed to determine whether early nutrition intervention would improve these outcomes.
Waiting after the storm: the effect of flooding on time on the housing market in coastal Virginia

Flooding is the most common natural disaster experienced by many households and rising sea levels have made recurrent flooding events common in many coastal cities. This study uses a difference-in-...
Policy Note: "Economic Tools to Achieve Groundwater Sustainability for Nature: Two Experimental Case Studies from California"

Groundwater is a critical water supply around the world and is increasingly under threat from pumping that exceeds natural replenishment. California is taking on this challenge with the Sustainable...
Integrating Biological and Psychosocial Therapies: A Survey of Psychiatric Training, Practice and Attitudes

Practicing psychiatrists and psychiatric residents were surveyed about their training, practice, confidence in the effectiveness of various treatment modalities, and about their attitudes regarding a variety of issues related to the etiology and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Analysis of the data indicated that psychiatric training has been increasingly emphasizing biological approaches, and that in this sample there is greater emphasis on the biological approach in practice than in training. These psychiatrists also were found to have low levels of training, practice and confidence in behavioral approaches. Our study identified two groups of psychiatrists on the basis of the degree to which they emphasized biological or psychoanalytic approaches. The differences between the two groups were smaller than those found in similar previous studies. Though the data support the idea that there is a healthy trend away from parochialism and fragmentation in the field, attitudes about treatment and theoretical issues remain divergent, lagging behind the rapprochement in practice.
Using Ostracode Amino Acid D/L Ratios and Microfossil Analysis to Correlate Alluvial Packages along the Lower Colorado River Corridor, with Insight into the Early Pliocene Integration of the Colorado River and the Gulf of California

The lower Colorado River corridor below Grand Canyon developed sometime between ∼5.3 Ma and ∼4.8 Ma, as evidenced by the first appearance of Colorado River-derived sediments of the Bouse Formation in basins along its modern course and the abrupt appearance of distinctive hematite-stained “C-suite” Colorado River sand grains near the base of the Wind Caves member of the Latrania Formation in the Salton Trough. The oldest recognized evidence for a through-flowing Colorado River is the ∼4.5 Ma to ∼3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium. Interest and debate focuses on whether a “pre-Bullhead” Colorado River might have first reached the Salton Trough at 5.3 Ma, prior to deposition of some of the Bouse Formation. Fine-grained but undated Colorado River sediments have been recognized on the Yuma Proving Grounds, Arizona, since the 1970s. These sediments have been correlated by some to the Bouse Formation, and thus, would pre-date the Bullhead Alluvium and might provide evidence for the existence of a “pre-Bullhead” Colorado River. In this study, I use the extent of amino acid racemization in ostracode valves and microfossil assemblages to test correlations between the fine-grained sediments on the Yuma Proving Grounds with other independently dated lower Colorado River corridor alluvial packages that were deposited at ∼5 Ma (Bouse Formation) and at ∼75 ka to ∼60 ka (Chemehuevi Formation). The results of this study confidently demonstrate that the fine-grained sediments on the Yuma Proving Grounds are not late Miocene or early Pliocene in age but instead are correlative with the late Pleistocene Chemehuevi Formation. Evidence for a “pre-Bullhead” Colorado River remains elusive.
SemIoTic: Bridging the Semantic Gap in IoT Spaces

This demonstration showcases the SemIoTic middleware [2] which provides inhabitants of an IoT space, as well as developers of applications, with a semantic view of the space. Participants will have an opportunity to see how useful IoT applications can be easily developed focusing on describing what information is needed without having to deal with the underlying IoT device infrastructure.
Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer (CRC) in reference to KRAS proto-oncogene utilizing wave technology.

e14637 Background: The use of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor monotherapy in patients that have KRAS wild type has produced response rates of only 10-20%. We propose two possible ...
Does Age at The Time of LVAD Implantation Affect Post LVAD Implantation Survival? A Single Center Experience

Purpose Use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is proven to be effective for the treatment of advanced heart failure. Heart transplant is not an option for patients with advanced age, frequently defined as age 70 or greater. The purpose of this study was to compare the survival rate post LVAD implantation for between patients who were less than 70 years or 70 years or older. Methods A retrospective review of patients implanted with an LVAD between March 2008 and February 2019 was conducted. 413 patients who received a continuous flow LVAD were included in the study. Patients were stratified by ≥70 years of age (n= 60) and Results Table 1 contains baseline demographics and survival. There was no statistically significant survival difference between the two groups. Survival in the 18-69 group vs the ≥70 group at 6 months was 87.8% vs 83.3% (p 0.302). 1 year survival was 81.6% and 83.3% (p 0.793), and 2 year survival was 70.3% and 71.7% (p 0.629), respectively. Figure 1 shows the Kaplan-Meier curves for each group. Conclusion LVAD recipients who were ≥70 years of age did not experience increased mortality compared to LVAD recipients who were 18-69 years of age. Patients should not be declined for LVAD therapy based on chronological age alone.
Dual genome-wide CRISPR knockout and CRISPR activation screens identify common mechanisms that regulate the resistance to multiple ATR inhibitors

The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) protein kinase is a key regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage. Due to increased amount of replication stress, cancer cells heavily rely on ATR to complete DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Thus, ATR inhibition is an emerging target in cancer therapy, with multiple ATR inhibitors currently undergoing clinical trials. Here, we describe dual genome-wide CRISPR knockout and CRISPR activation screens employed to comprehensively identify genes that regulate the cellular resistance to ATR inhibitors. Specifically, we investigated two different ATR inhibitors, namely VE822 and AZD6738, in both HeLa and MCF10A cells. We identified and validated multiple genes that alter the resistance to ATR inhibitors. Importantly, we show that the mechanisms of resistance employed by these genes are varied, and include restoring DNA replication tract progression, and prevention of ATR inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Our dual genome-wide screen findings pave the way for personalized medicine by identifying potential biomarkers for ATR inhibitor resistance.
Allostatic load and mental health: a latent class analysis of physiological dysregulation

This study explored the associations between specific profiles of biological dysregulation and mental health outcomes in a national, community sample of healthy adults in the United States. A laten...
Decentralized Intrusion Prevention (DIP) Against Co-Ordinated Cyberattacks on Distribution Automation Systems

Integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) into the distribution system makes today’s power grid more remotely monitored and controlled than it has been. The fast increasing connectivity, however, also implies that the distribution grid today, or smart grid, is more vulnerable. Thus, research into intrusion/anomaly detection systems at the distribution level is in critical need. Current research on Intrusion Detection Systems for the power grid has been focused primarily on cyber security at the Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition, and single node levels with little attention on coordinated cyberattacks at multiple nodes. A holistic approach toward system-wide cyber security for distribution systems is yet to be developed. This paper presents a novel approach toward intrusion prevention, using a multi-agent system, at the distribution system level. Simulations of the method have been performed on the IEEE 13-Node Test Feeder, and the results compared to those obtained from existing methods. The results have validated the performance of the proposed method for protection against cyber intrusions at the distribution system level.
Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy in Patients With Breast Cancer Treated With Comprehensive Adjuvant Radiation Therapy.

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to describe the risk of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP) in patients with breast cancer who received comprehensive adjuvant radiation therapy (RT). Methods and Materials Records for 498 patients who received comprehensive adjuvant RT (treatment of any residual breast tissue, the underlying chest wall, and regional nodes) between 2004 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were treated with conventional 3 to 5 field technique (CRT) until 2008, after which intensity modulated RT (IMRT) was introduced. RIBP events were determined by reviewing follow-up documentation from oncologic care providers. Patients with RIBP were matched (1:2) with a control group of patients who received CRT and a group of patients who received IMRT. Dosimetric analyses were performed in these patients to determine whether there were differences in ipsilateral brachial plexus dose distribution between RIBP and control groups. Results Median study follow-up was 88 months for the overall cohort and 92 months for the IMRT cohort. RIBP occurred in 4 CRT patients (1.6%) and 1 IMRT patient (0.4%) (P = .20). All patients with RIBP in the CRT cohort received a posterior axillary boost. Maximum dose to the brachial plexus in RIBP, CRT control, and IMRT control patients had median values of 56.0 Gy (range, 49.7-65.1), 54.8 Gy (47.4-60.5), and 54.8 Gy (54.2-57.3), respectively. Conclusions RIBP remains a rare complication of comprehensive adjuvant breast radiation and no clear dosimetric predictors for RIBP were identified in this study. The IMRT technique does not appear to adversely affect the development of this late toxicity.
A robust hybrid theory of well-being

This paper articulates and defends a novel hybrid account of well-being. We will call our view a Robust Hybrid. We call it robust because it grants a broad and not subservient role to both objective and subjective values. In this paper we assume, we think plausibly but without argument, that there is a significant objective component to well-being. Here we clarify what it takes for an account of well-being to have a subjective component. Roughly, we argue, it must allow that favoring attitudes that are not warranted by the lights of objective values can ground benefits. Given this understanding, we show that there is an important and unrecognized expansion in the resources available to fully objectivist views: namely that such views can help themselves to the value of warranted love of objective goods. Such a move by the objectivist can help them respond to concerns that, on their view, a person’s well-being can be too alien to them. We next argue that, nonetheless, such objectivist views are still unconvincing due to their lack of a subjective component. This motivates a move from fully objective accounts to hybrid accounts. We show that many prominent hybrid theories in the literature are inadequate because they implausibly minimize the subjective component. This motivates a move to a robust hybrid view that has an expanded subjectivist component. We conclude with some remarks about the interrelation between the subjective and objective components in the hybrid account that we favor and a role for resonance in a theory of well-being other than serving as a hard constraint on any benefit.
The Dynamics of Property Rights and Consent in Autocracies

This paper studies the dynamics of property ownership, appropriation, and consent in autocratic political systems. An autocrat representing the interests of an in-group chooses whether and how much to appropriate from public and private assets at each date. To maintain the appearance of the rule of law, the autocrat proposes an assignment that would not be rejected if the citizens could actually vote. Despite this "consent constraint" the autocrat systematically appropriates property and wealth from the out-group and from public assets by exploiting gaps in property enforcement in the absence of consent. Under some initial conditions, the autocrat initially implements popular land reform only to take it back down the road. More generally, the wealth shares of both public property and private property of the out-group decline monotonically after an initial adjustment period. The model rationalizes the connection between increasing wealth inequality and privatization occurring in many autocracies. Calibrating parameters to Russian and Chinese wealth data, simulations of these countries' wealth distributions to mid 21st century display widening gaps in wealth between elites and the rest of the populace. Finally, we show that the ruling group under anocracy, an autocratic system that admits opposition and civil society groups, will generally be better off than under a traditional autocracy. The dilemma is that the anocratic system might enable the growth of an opposition party that eventually displaces the ruling group.
Obituary, Solveig A. Turpin (1936–2020)

The Plains lost a premier rock art archaeologist with the passing of Solveig A. Turpin, PhD (1936–2020). Solveig is best known for her Texas research into Lower Pecos archaeology and, in particular...