cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On finding minimum-diameter clique trees

A clique-tree representation of a chordal graph often reduces the size of the data structure needed to store the graph, permitting the use of extremely efficient algorithms that take advantage of the compactness of the representation. Since some chordal graphs have many distinct clique-tree representations, it is interesting to consider which one is most desirable under various circumstances. A clique tree of minimum diameter (or height) is sometimes a natural candidate when choosing clique trees to be processed in a parallel-computing environment. This paper introduces a linear-time algorithm for computing a minimum-diameter clique tree.
A 1-V 1.25-GS/S 8-Bit Self-Calibrated Flash ADC in 90-nm Digital CMOS

We present an 8-bit 1.25-GS/s flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in 90-nm digital CMOS with wide analog input bandwidth and low power dissipation. The ADC employs two key techniques: a self-biased track-and-hold amplifier which enhances the ADC full-scale voltage and enables the converter operating under a single 1-V supply; and an improved calibration scheme based on reference pre-distortion to enhance the ADC linearity without sacrificing its sampling speed. The prototype converter thus achieves 7-, 6.9-, 6.5-bit ENOB at 1.25 GS/s for input signal frequencies of 10 MHz, 600 MHz, and 1.3 GHz, respectively, and better than 52-dB SFDR across the full Nyquist-band, while dissipating 207 mW from a single 1-V supply.
CVODES: The Sensitivity-Enabled ODE Solver in SUNDIALS

CVODES, which is part of the SUNDIALS software suite, is a stiff and nonstiff ordinary differential equation initial value problem solver with sensitivity analysis capabilities. CVODES is written in a data-independent manner, with a highly modular structure to allow incorporation of different preconditioning and/or linear solver methods. It shares with the other SUNDIALS solvers several common modules, most notably the generic kernel of vector operations and a set of generic linear solvers and preconditioners. CVODES solves the IVP by one of two methods — backward differentiation formula or Adams-Moulton — both implemented in a variable-step, variable-order form. The forward sensitivity module in CVODES implements the simultaneous corrector method, as well as two flavors of staggered corrector methods. Its adjoint sensitivity module provides a combination of checkpointing and cubic Hermite interpolation for the efficient generation of the forward solution during the adjoint system integration. We describe the current capabilities of CVODES, its design principles, and its user interface, and provide an example problem to illustrate the performance of CVODES.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
“Orpaillage pays for everything”: How artisanal mining supported rural institutions following Mali's coup d’état

Abstract This paper argues that during the period after the March 2012 coup d’etat in Mali, rural institutions in gold-rich areas of country shifted their revenue dependence away from the state and instead drew upon a local, evolving artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector. The paper discusses the effects of the March 2012 coup and its aftermath on the state and how these changes trickled down to local institutions in the rural commune of Yallankoro-Soloba. During that same period, technological advances in the commune's ASM sector increased local investment and improved profitability in ASM activities. As the state withdrew financial support from the commune government and social services, local government officials, medical services, educational institutions and local populations were able to capitalize on these ASM-generated revenues. The research finds that Mali suffers from the same ASM formalization problems as other mineral rich countries in the region. What makes Mali's situation unique is that ASM has become a critical rural industry which is not only supplying much needed income to rural people, but also serving to informally fund social institutions from the bottom up during a time of national crisis. Local government officials are stuck in limbo between the state which provides them with legitimacy and ASM which supports their communes’ population and institutions. The paper concludes that even as Mali begins its recovery, there are urgent needs to formalize rural ASM. If formalization actions are delayed, technological advances will make formalization even more difficult and enable institutions and local officials to become increasingly detached from the fragile central government.
Probing for Membrane Domains in the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Retention and Degradation of Unassembled MHC Class I Molecules

Quality control of protein biosynthesis requires ER-retention and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of unassembled/misfolded molecules. Although some evidence exists for the organization of the ER into functionally distinct membrane domains, it is unknown if such domains are involved in the retention and ERAD of unassembled proteins. Here, it is shown that unassembled MHC class I molecules are retained in the ER without accumulating at ER-exit sites or in the ERGIC of beta2m-/- cells. Furthermore, these molecules did not cluster in the ER membrane and appeared to be highly mobile even when ERAD or their association with calnexin were inhibited. However, upon ATP depletion, they were reversibly segregated into an ER membrane domain, distinct from ER exit sites, which included calnexin and COPII, but not the ERGIC marker protein p58. This quality control domain was also observed upon prolonged inhibition of proteasomes. Microtubules were required for its appearance. Segregation of unfolded proteins, ER-resident chaperones, and COPII may be a temporal adaptation to cell stress.
O2 extraction maintains O2 uptake during submaximal exercise with β-adrenergic blockade at 4,300 m

Whole body O2 uptake (V˙o 2) during maximal and submaximal exercise has been shown to be preserved in the setting of β-adrenergic blockade at high altitude, despite marked reductions in heart rate ...
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Genitalia

background Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) arising on the genitalia are exceedingly rare with an unclear pathogenesis. objective To better understand risk factors, tumor characteristics, and the possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of BCC of the genitalia. methods 1543 records of Mohs micrographic surgery performed during a 6-year period were reviewed to identify cases of BCC arising on the genitalia. Tumor tissue was analyzed for HPV DNA by in situ hybridization. results Four patients with BCC of the genitalia were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. The malignancies were located on the scrotum, perineum, and perianal areas in the three male patients and on the vulva in the female patient. The mean age was 67 years. None of the patients had prior history of skin cancers. Histologic evaluation of the tumors revealed two nodular subtypes, one superficial subtype, and one with follicular differentiation. In situ hybridization failed to reveal DNA of HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, and 52. conclusion In this small series, genital BCC occurred in an older age group with no identifiable predisposing risk factors and did not show evidence of HPV infection.
Polyphenoloxidase in higher plants: immunological detection and analysis of in vitro translation products.

Antibodies to broad bean polyphenoloxidase (PPO) were used to detect and demonstrate that the PPOs found in several different plants have many similarities in common. Crude extracts from leaves of broad bean, bush bean, lettuce, mung bean, pea, soybean, spinach, tobacco, and tomato contained enzyme which cross-reacted with polyclonal anti-PPO in Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis. The results suggested that plant polyphenoloxidase from a wide range of species may contain similar antigen determinants. Poly A+ mRNA was isolated from leaves of each plant species and translated in vitro using a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. An in vitro synthesized product corresponding to PPO from each species was identified after specific immunoprecipitation with anti-PPO. The molecular weight of this in vitro product was similar in all plants examined and found to be approximately 45 kilodaltons. Peptide maps of the in vitro synthesized product from all plant species were similar and showed at least three peptides in common. Plant PPOs may have more structural similarities than commonly though in spite of the great variety in observed isoenzyme forms.
Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Effects after the Coadministration of Cocaine and Ethanol

One of the most common drug dependencies occurring with alcoholism is cocaine dependence. This combination is particularly worrisome because of the increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with their coabuse. Although it is well known that ethanol increases the cardiovascular effects of cocaine by inhibiting cocaine clearance and the formation of cocaethylene, it has also been postulated that ethanol enhances the cardiovascular effects of cocaine independent of the two latter mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the cardiovascular pharmacodynamics of the cocaine-ethanol interaction to determine whether ethanol directly enhanced the cardiovascular effects of cocaine. Dogs (n = 6) were administered cocaine alone (3 mg/kg i.v.) and in combination with ethanol (1 g/kg i.v.) on separate study days. Blood pressure, heart rate, and the electrocardiogram were monitored continuously, and blood samples were collected periodically after drug administration. Concentration-time data were fitted to a two-compartment model, and concentration-effect data were fitted to a simple Emax model using WinNonlin software. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were compared between the two treatment phases by a paired t test. The administration of ethanol before cocaine resulted in a decrease in cocaine clearance, but there were no differences in any of the other pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameter values between the cocaine alone and cocaine plus ethanol phases. As has been demonstrated in previous animal and human studies, the clearance of cocaine was decreased by prior administration of ethanol. However, ethanol did not change the concentration-effect relationship of the cardiovascular response to cocaine administration. It is concluded from this study that ethanol does not directly enhance the cardiovascular effects of cocaine.
Adhesive Penetration in Human Artificial and Natural White Spots

Penetration of a liquid adhesive into human artificial and natural white spots, both acid-conditioned and nonconditioned, was studied. All artificial white spots showed penetration of the adhesive. Acid-conditioned natural lesions exhibited penetration to a lesser amount than in vitro lesions. Penetration in nonconditioned natural lesions was not apparent.
Oxygen generation and storage for a Mars sample return mission utilizing in -situ resources

Methods for the generation and storage of oxygen on the surface of Mars have been designed for a near -term Mars sample return mission. Liquid oxygen (LOX) produced on Mars is used with the fuel HTPB as propellant for a Mars ascent vehicle to lift the Mars sample into low Mars orbit, where the sample is then returned in an Earth return vehicle for analysis in terrestrial laboratories. The production of oxygen on Mars is carried out via solid -oxide electrolysis, converting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to oxygen, which is then cooled, liquefied, and stored in a thermally insulated vessel. Power to carry out the electrolysis and cool the liquid oxygen is provided by a combination of radioisotope thermoelectric generators and solar arrays. Their combined usag e requires equipment with lower mass than using either power source on its own. For a mission baseline of a 0.5 -kg sample of Martian soil, rocks, and atmosphere, the use of locally generated oxygen results in a substantial mass savings over a comparable qu antity of oxidizer brought from Earth. Furthermore, the benefit of in -situ resource utilization (ISRU) for a sample return mission increases as the sample size becomes larger. For example, the landed mass on Mars of a non ISRU mission yielding 1 kg of samp le is equivalent to that of an ISRU mission yielding over 2 kg of sample. In addition to providing a mission architecture with lower mass than one without ISRU, the production and storage of locally -produced LOX would serve as a necessary precursor to mann ed missions, where the mass savings of ISRU would be crucial.
Prefrontal cortex regulates inhibition and excitation in distributed neural networks

Prefrontal cortex provides both inhibitory and excitatory input to distributed neural circuits required to support performance in diverse tasks. Neurological patients with prefrontal damage are impaired in their ability to inhibit task-irrelevant information during behavioral tasks requiring performance over a delay. The observed enhancements of primary auditory and somatosensory cortical responses to task-irrelevant distractors suggest that prefrontal damage disrupts inhibitory modulation of inputs to primary sensory cortex, perhaps through abnormalities in a prefrontal-thalamic sensory gating system. Failure to suppress irrelevant sensory information results in increased neural noise, contributing to the deficits in decision making routinely observed in these patients. In addition to a critical role in inhibitory control of sensory flow to primary cortical regions, and tertiary prefrontal cortex also exerts excitatory input to activity in multiple sub-regions of secondary association cortex. Unilateral prefrontal damage results in multi-modal decreases in neural activity in posterior association cortex in the hemisphere ipsilateral to damage. This excitatory modulation is necessary to sustain neural activity during working memory. Thus, prefrontal cortex is able to sculpt behavior through parallel inhibitory and excitatory regulation of neural activity in distributed neural networks.
GOAL: a load-balanced adaptive routing algorithm for torus networks

We introduce a load-balanced adaptive routing algorithm for torus networks, GOAL - Globally Oblivious Adaptive Locally - that provides high throughput on adversarial traffic patterns, matching or exceeding fully randomized routing and exceeding the worst-case performance of Chaos [2], RLB [14], and minimal routing [8] by more than 40%. GOAL also preserves locality to provide up to 4.6× the throughput of fully randomized routing [19] on local traffic. GOAL achieves global load balance by randomly choosing the direction to route in each dimension. Local load balance is then achieved by routing in the selected directions adaptively. We compare the throughput, latency, stability and hot-spot performance of GOAL to six previously published routing algorithms on six specific traffic patterns and 1,000 randomly generated permutations.
TFSOI complementary BiCMOS technology for low power applications

A Thin-Film-Silicon-On-Insulator Complementary BiCMOS (TFSOI CBiCMOS) technology has been developed for low power applications. The technology is based on a manufacturable, near-fully-depleted 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process with the lateral bipolar devices integrated as drop-in modules for CBiCMOS circuits. The near-fully-depleted CMOS device design minimizes sensitivity to silicon thickness variation while maintaining the benefits of SOI devices. The bipolar device structure emphasizes use of a silicided polysilicon base contact to reduce base resistance and minimize current crowding effects. A split-oxide spacer integration allows independent control of the bipolar base width and emitter contact spacing. Excellent low power performance is demonstrated through low current ECL and low voltage, low power CMOS circuits. A 70 ps ECL gate delay at a gate current of 20 /spl mu/A is achieved. This represents a factor of 3 improvement over bulk trench-isolated double-polysilicon self-aligned bipolar circuits. Similarly, CMOS gate delay shows a factor of 2 improvement over bulk silicon at a power supply voltage of 3.3 V. Finally, a 460 /spl mu/W 1 GHz prescaler circuit is demonstrated using this technology. >
Potential of bipolar complementary device/Circuit technology

Bipolar complementary transistor logic circuits have been very little explored. The main reason certainly is that the bipolar transistor as a current controlled device is not as suited for such circuit applications as the voltage controlled MOSFET. After briefly explaining the major obstacles for CMOS-like bipolar complementary circuits and deriving the stringent device/technology prerequisites for any practical realisation, the recently proposed Charge Buffered Logic as a unique bipolar complementary circuit concept is described. Its potential for high speed at microwatt DC power, the key device parameters, and critical design aspects are discussed.
Influence of Stent Configuration on Cerebral Aneurysm Fluid Dynamics

Embolic coiling is the most popular endovascular treatment available for cerebral aneurysms. Nevertheless, the embolic coiling of wide-neck aneurysms is challenging and, in many cases, ineffective. Use of highly porous stents to support coiling of wide-neck aneurysms has become a common procedure in recent years. Several studies have also demonstrated that high porosity stents alone can significantly alter aneurysmal hemodynamics, but differences among different stent configurations have not been fully characterized. As a result, it is usually unclear which stent configuration is optimal for treatment. In this paper, we present a flow study that elucidates the influence of stent configuration on cerebral aneurysm fluid dynamics in an idealized wide-neck basilar tip aneurysm model. Aneurysmal fluid dynamics for three different stent configurations (half-Y, Y and, cross-bar) were first quantified using particle image velocimetry and then compared. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also conducted for selected stent configurations to facilitate validation and provide more detailed characterizations of the fluid dynamics promoted by different stent configurations. In vitro results showed that the Y stent configuration reduced cross-neck flow most significantly, while the cross-bar configuration reduced velocity magnitudes within the aneurysmal sac most significantly. The half-Y configuration led to increased velocity magnitudes within the aneurysmal sac at high parent-vessel flow rates. Experimental results were in strong agreement with CFD simulations. Simulated results indicated that differences in fluid dynamic performance among the different stent configurations can be attributed primarily to protruding struts within the bifurcation region.
Utility of telepathology as a consultation tool between an off-site surgical pathology suite and affiliated hospitals in the frozen section diagnosis of lung neoplasms

Background: Increasingly, as in our institution, operating rooms are located in hospitals and the pathology suite is located at a distant location because of off-site consolidation of pathology services. Telepathology is a technology which bridges the gap between pathologists and offers a means to obtain a consultation remotely. We aimed to evaluate the utility of telepathology as a means to assist the pathologist at the time of intraoperative consultation of lung nodules when a subspecialty pathologist is not available to directly review the slide. Methods: Cases of lung nodules suspicious for a neoplasm were included. Frozen sections were prepared in the usual manner. The pathologists on the intraoperative consultation service at two of our system hospitals notified the thoracic pathologist of each case after rendering a preliminary diagnosis. The consultation was performed utilizing a Nikon™ Digital Sight camera and web-based Remote Medical Technologies™ software with live video streaming directed by the host pathologist. The thoracic pathologist rendered a diagnosis without knowledge of the preliminary interpretation then discussed the interpretation with the frozen section pathologist. The interpretations were compared with the final diagnosis rendered after sign-out. Results: One hundred and three consecutive cases were included. The frozen section pathologist and a thoracic pathologist had concordant diagnoses in 93 cases (90.2%), discordant diagnoses in nine cases (8.7%), and one case in which both deferred. There was an agreement between the thoracic pathologist's diagnosis and the final diagnosis in 98% of total cases including 8/9 (88.9%) of the total discordant cases. In two cases, if the thoracic pathologist had not been consulted, the patient would have been undertreated. Conclusions: We have shown that telepathology is an excellent consultation tool in the frozen section diagnosis of lung nodules.
Electron beam single-spin asymmetries in the resonance region with final hadrons observed

We study beam-transverse and normal single-spin asymmetry for electron-proton inelastic scattering in the resonance region for the case where a pion is observed in the final state. There is no beam single-spin asymmetry if the observed particle has single-photon exchange as its only interaction, but this is naturally circumvented when one observes a strongly interacting final state particle. The asymmetries are not large as there is an electron mass divided by momentum transfer suppression. We present results for the cases where the final electron and a pion are both observed, with asymmetries of order tens of ppm, and where only a final pion is observed, with asymmetries of order 1 ppm.
The Organization of Dissonance in Adena-Hopewell Societies of Eastern North America

AbstractSocial complexity increased dramatically during the Middle Woodland period (c. 200 bc–ad 500) in eastern North America. Adena-Hopewell societies during this period built massive burial mounds, constructed complex geometric earthen enclosures and maintained extensive trade networks in exotic craft goods. These material signatures suggest that coalition and consensus were sustained through social bonds since clear evidence for top-down leadership does not exist in Adena-Hopewell archaeology. Here, a framework grounded in new understandings of heterarchy is used to explore how coalitions were formed, organized, maintained and/or shifted as a means to coordinate labour and ritual among Middle Woodland Period groups. Through re-analysis of the Wright Mound in Kentucky, and its burial contents, new insights into heterarchical organization are used to achieve a wider, diachronic understanding of how humans in the past reached, realized and rearranged forms of consensus and coalition.
Nitrate Did Wait. And It Looks Fabulous. The Nitrate Picture Show at the George Eastman House (Rochester, NY; May 1-3 2015)

During The Nitrate Picture Show, nitrate prints were projected for an audience of archivists, scholars and cinephiles. This review will provide an account of the festival screenings, and will discuss the value of a festival of film conservation in the contemporary digital media landscape.
Ion pair pKs of some amines: extension of the computed lithium pK scale.

The pK of p-(methylamino)biphenyl, 1, on our Li scale, pK(Li) = 22.09, compared to the cesium scale, pK(Cs) = 28.60. For hexamethyldisilazane, HMDS, pK(Li) = 23.05, pK(Cs) = 29.26. These results are those for the monomers in THF; corrections were made for dimers present in some cases. The pK(Li) of these two amines fit well the previously found correlation with Hartree–Fock calculations at 6-31+g(d) using RLi coordinated with three dimethyl ethers as a computational model for RLi in THF. The results are also compared with earlier pK(Li)s reported from equilibria with lithium amides in which aggregation was not considered.
An approach to Verification and Validation in Large Scale System of Systems

e begin our discussion of the type of verification and validation (V&V) approaches needed in very large, complex, space systems by focusing first on some new approaches for the V&V of Fault Management Systems (FMS). This is because the problems of a FMS are representative of the problems of providing an integrated assessment of sufficiency and correctness across a large distributed system with enormously diverse components. We then generalize the strategy underlying this approach to other complicated aspects of verifying and validating space systems from design and development to operations. One critical function in modern flight software is to monitor hardware and software subsystem behaviors, to identify pre-defined anomalies, to provide the appropriate response from a limited repertoire of corrective actions and to alert the operators on the ground to continue additional corrective actions as needed. Traditionally the FMS responded only to hardware failures and critical anomalies, but in several software-intensive space systems designs, certain critical software errors are now being included. The FMS is expected to operate during all mission phases to protect the spacecraft (S/C), e.g. during ascent, transfer orbit and mission orbit when fully deployed. One of the chief requirements of the FMS is to “safe” the S/C, which may include switching to redundant components as needed in subsystems such as GNC (Guidance, Navigation, and Control), power, thermal, etc., as well as placing the S/C in a sun-safe attitude and placing the payload into a safe configuration. As can be seen from even this brief description, the FMS must correctly collect and integrate the information from a broad range of conditions, involving the characterization of a complicated set of measures and fault conditions and then it must decide and respond quickly enough with an ordered set of safing responses. In order to test the correctness and the adequacy of the FMS, developers spend hundreds of hours producing specifications and design documents and testing code, nearly matched in hours by the government reviewers. Because relevant FMS specifications may be necessarily scattered over a number of specification documents, it is especially difficult to assess the overall completeness (have all pertinent forms of the fault case been covered) or consistency (are any of the fault procedures mutually contradictory when conditions combine them). Similarly, during code development, it may be difficult to test all the relevant FMS code, especially when relevant code may include both the flight software as well as distributed embedded code segments, co-located with components throughout the space system. Because of the time-intensive nature of this evaluation, many space systems end up running out of time, resulting in an increased risk that vital parts of the anomaly detection or corrective responses will not perform as desired during flight.
Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 on interleukin-8 production by human neutrophils and monocytes

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a major neutrophil chemoattractant and functional stimulant that is induced by IL-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report that recombinant human (rh) granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and rhIL-3 are also potent inducers of IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA) accumulation and protein secretion by normal peripheral blood monocytes. Neutrophils produce IL-8 in response to GM-CSF but not to IL-3. In contrast, recombinant human granulocyte-CSF (rhG-CSF), at concentrations as high as 100 ng/mL, does not induce IL-8 in either cell type. rhGM-CSF also induces IL-8 mRNA expression and IL-8 protein in the promonocytic cell line, U-937, whereas rhG-CSF does not. IL-8 secretion by monocytes was stimulated within 2 hours after incubation with rhGM-CSF or rhIL-3. Stimulation of neutrophils with rhGM-CSF resulted in an increase in cell-associated IL-8 at 4 hours. At 24 hours, cell-associated IL-8 levels declined, whereas secreted IL-8 levels increased. In contrast, virtually all IL-8 induced in monocytes appeared as secreted protein. Neither rhGM-CSF nor rhIL-3 induced detectable secretion of IL-1, TNF alpha, or IL-6 protein by monocytes. rhGM-CSF, and to a lesser degree rhIL-3, potently stimulated IL-8 secretion in cultures of heparinized whole blood, whereas rhG-CSF had no significant effect on IL-8 secretion. Induction of IL-8 by GM-CSF may be physiologically important in enhancing the acute inflammatory response.
Belousov-Zhabotinsky autonomic hydrogel composites: Regulating waves via asymmetry

Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) autonomic hydrogel composites contain active nodes of immobilized catalyst (Ru) encased within a nonactive matrix. Designing functional hierarchies of chemical and mechanical communication between these nodes enables applications ranging from encryption, sensors, and mechanochemical actuators to artificial skin. However, robust design rules and verification of computational models are challenged by insufficient understanding of the relative importance of local (molecular) heterogeneities, active node shape, and embedment geometry on transient and steady-state behavior. We demonstrate the predominance of asymmetric embedment and node shape in low-strain, BZ-gelatin composites and correlate behavior with gradients in BZ reactants. Asymmetric embedment of square and rectangular nodes results in directional steady-state waves that initiate at the embedded edge and propagate toward the free edge. In contrast, symmetric embedment does not produce preferential wave propagation because of a lack of diffusion gradient across the catalyzed region. The initiation at the embedded edge is correlated with bromide absorption by the inactive matrix, which locally elevates the bromate concentration required for catalyst oxidation. The competition between embedment asymmetry and node geometry was used to demonstrate a repeatable switch in wave direction that functions as a signal delay. Furthermore, signal propagation in or out of the composite was demonstrated via embedment asymmetry and relative dimensions of a T-shaped active network node. Overall, structural asymmetry provides a robust approach to controlling initiation and orientation of chemical-mechanical communication within composite BZ gels.
Minimal cervical cancer: definition and histology.

The concept of a prognostically favorable, early cervical cancer was first proposed by Mestwerdt (1947) as “microcarcinoma,” which he defined as a lesion that invades less than 5 mm into the cervical stroma measured from the basement membrane. Since then, many investigators have applied different terms and criteria in an effort to define an intermediate stage of development between an intraepithelial neoplasia and frankly invasive carcinoma. These include early stromal invasion (Stoddard 1952; Burghardt and Holzer 1977), borderline microinvasive carcinoma (Friedell et al. 1958; Wilkinson and Komorowski 1978), microinvasive carcinoma (Christopherson and Parker 1964; Ng and Reagan 1969), and stage IA cervical cancer (American Joint Committee 1978).
Abstract IA02: Neomorphic functions of cyclin D1 during neoplastic development

Cyclin D1 is a cell cycle recipient of diverse oncogenic signals and a multifunctional transcriptional modulator. Extensive studies have characterized mutational disruption of p53 signaling in human cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying retention of wild-type p53 during neoplastic outgrowth have remained ambiguous. We have identified and functionally validated a crucial role for arginine-methylation of p53 as a mechanism for inhibition of p53-dependent apoptosis in response to oncogenic insults. Phosphorylation-dependent activation of PRMT5/MEP50 enforces catalytic targeting of p53 thereby reducing p53 occupancy on key target promoters and sustaining leukemia/lymphoma tumor cell proliferation and survival. The requisite role for PRMT5 in the context of multiple lymphoma/leukemia oncogenic drivers suggests a molecular rationale for therapeutic development. Citation Format: J. Alan Diehl. Neomorphic functions of cyclin D1 during neoplastic development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Variations in Weight Stigma Concerns.

Over the past 40 years, obesity rates in the United States have grown significantly; these rates have not grown uniformly across the United States (18 of the 20 counties with the highest obesity rates are located in the South). Obesity increases cardiovascular disease risk factors and new research has highlighted the negative psychological effects of obesity, known as weight stigma, including decreased selfcontrol resources, over eating, and exercise avoidance. The primary objective of this study was to determine if weight stigma concerns varied regionally and if social behaviors influenced this variation. In two studies, we collected cross-sectional data from participants in the United States including height and weight, weight stigma concerns, and perception of friends’ preoccupation with weight and dieting. We also collected each participant’s home zip code which was used to locate local obesity rate. We established differences in the relationship between body mass index and weight stigma concerns by local county obesity rate and showed that perceived friend preoccupation with weight and dieting mediated this relationship for individuals in low and medium obesity rate counties. For individuals living in United States counties with lower levels of obesity, increases in personal body mass index leads to increased weight stigma concerns due to an increase in perceived friend preoccupation with weight and dieting. These results indicate that relationships between body mass index, weight stigma concerns, and social networks vary significantly for subpopulations throughout the United States.
Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical and Policy Implications of the New Silent Killer

The United States is experiencing its greatest life expectancy ever. Nonetheless, the general health of the US population is far from at an all-time high. An important contributor to the pandemic o...
The cultural politics of US immigration: gender, race, and media

In America’s current political climate, issues related to immigration, gender, and race are at the forefront of academic, media and popular culture, and legal discourse. Leah Perry’s Cultural Polit...
Response to stimulus complexity in the Rat

An experiment is reported that is relevant to the Dember-Earl (1957) theory of stimulus complexity. Two mazes were constructed. One had four compartments in which the patterns painted on the walls were varied in complexity, and in the other, the number of baffles was varied as a three-dimensional manipulation of stimulus complexity. Thirty-two naive, male, hooded rats were divided into two equal groups, one group for each maze. Animals were placed individually in one of the mazes for 30 min. per day for 5 days. Higher complexity interaction index scores were achieved in the baffle pattern maze than in the wall pattern maze. There was some increase in the complexity of the preferred compartment over days. The results raise questions concerning the theoretical and experimental treatment of the stimulus complexity variable. The behavior of the animals appears to require a two-process explanation including an initial ‘information gaining’ exploratory phase. There appears to be need for a more general theory in addition to that proposed by Dember and Earl.
Novel FSS-based sensor for concurrent temperature and strain sensing

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are periodic arrays of conductive elements (or patches). When illuminated with electromagnetic energy, FSSs have specific reflection and/or transmission properties including resonant frequency, Q-factor, etc. Since the FSS response is sensitive to changes in FSS geometry and dielectric properties (local to the FSS), FSS-based sensors have strong potential for a variety of sensing applications including strain and temperature. In this paper, a new FSS-based sensor, capable of concurrent temperature and (unidirectional) strain sensing, is presented. This sensor is based on the cross-loop FSS and includes two different sizes of cross-loop elements. In this way, the FSS sensor response features two different resonant frequencies. In order to utilize changes in one resonant frequency for temperature sensing and changes in the other resonant frequency for strain sensing, each resonant frequency must be affected by only one sensing parameter. This design constrain was accomplished by selective placement of a temperature sensitive dielectric on the larger cross-loop elements, making the lower resonant frequency sensitive to temperature, and through utilizing a properly polarized interrogation signal (with respect to the strain direction) such that the upper resonant frequency is sensitive to strain.
Stereotypes Handeln ins Blut

Ich habe mir eine Kamera im Kaufhaus angesehen. Ich fragte einen klug aussehenden Kaufhausexperten nach einem mir unklaren Knopf an dem Gerat.
Overview of welding methods for medical plastics

Abstract: This chapter presents a technical review of the welding technologies for medical plastics. It covers both the fundamentals of the plastic-welding process and an overview of the major welding technologies used in medical plastics. Plastic-welding processes can be divided into three different groups based on the mechanism of heat generation: external heating methods, where the thermal energy is applied externally onto the surface of the part such as hot plate, extrusion, hot gas, laser, and infrared (IR) welding; internal heating methods, where the heating is generated mechanically, electrically, or electromagnetically by internal molecular vibration or friction at the joint interface such as ultrasonic, vibration, spin, dielectric, and microwave welding; and implant heating methods, where heating is initially produced in a susceptor placed at the joint interface and then conducted to the parent material such as resistive implant, induction implant, microwave implant, and IR/laser implant welding.
Individual Renal Plasma Flow Determination in 2 Minutes

A method is described for determining effective renal plasma flow, using the renal counts 1 to 2 minutes after injection and applying background subtraction as a ratio to the total amount of radioactivity injected intravenously with appropriate correction for kidney depth. It appears that this simple approach for determination of effective renal plasma flow within a matter of 2 minutes is accurate and reliable, and should be useful for a number of applications when it is important to determine total and individual renal plasma flow. The approach is recommended as a screening procedure in lieu of the determination of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, with the additional advantages of gross morphology and determination of individual renal plasma flow in an absolute as well as relative manner.
Psychiatric symptom management in terminal care.

During the terminal phase of illness, many geriatric patients develop psychiatric symptoms either alone or in combination with physical symptoms that have profound effects on their quality of life. Common psychiatric complications include anxiety, depression, and cognitive disorder. A multidisciplinary approach is the best approach in managing psychiatric complications facing patients with terminal illness. The goal of this article is twofold in that it provides the psychologist or psychiatrist with a knowledge base that is specific to terminal illness and gives the geriatrician the framework for approaching psychiatric symptoms that frequently arise in terminal care.
Event Prediction in Processors Using Deep Temporal Models

In order to achieve high processing efficiencies, next generation computer architecture designs need an effective Artificial Intelligence (AI)-framework to learn large-scale processor interactions. In this short paper, we present Deep Temporal Models (DTMs) that offer effective and scalable time-series representations to addresses key challenges for learning processor data: high data rate, cyclic patterns, and high dimensionality. We present our approach using DTMs to learn and predict processor events. We show comparisons using these learning models with promising initial simulation results.
Many-Body Chaos in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev Model

Many-body chaos has emerged as a powerful framework for understanding thermalization in strongly interacting quantum systems. While recent analytic advances have sharpened our intuition for many-body chaos in certain large N theories, it has proven challenging to develop precise numerical tools capable of exploring this phenomenon in generic Hamiltonians. To this end, we utilize massively parallel, matrix-free Krylov subspace methods to calculate dynamical correlators in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model for up to N=60 Majorana fermions. We begin by showing that numerical results for two-point correlation functions agree at high temperatures with dynamical mean field solutions, while at low temperatures finite-size corrections are quantitatively reproduced by the exactly solvable dynamics of near extremal black holes. Motivated by these results, we develop a novel finite-size rescaling procedure for analyzing the growth of out-of-time-order correlators. Our procedure accurately determines the Lyapunov exponent, λ, across a wide range in temperatures, including in the regime where λ approaches the universal bound, λ=2π/β.
Learning-based Memory Allocation for C++ Server Workloads

Modern C++ servers have memory footprints that vary widely over time, causing persistent heap fragmentation of up to 2x from long-lived objects allocated during peak memory usage. This fragmentation is exacerbated by the use of huge (2MB) pages, a requirement for high performance on large heap sizes. Reducing fragmentation automatically is challenging because C++ memory managers cannot move objects. This paper presents a new approach to huge page fragmentation. It combines modern machine learning techniques with a novel memory manager (LLAMA) that manages the heap based on object lifetimes and huge pages (divided into blocks and lines). A neural network-based language model predicts lifetime classes using symbolized calling contexts. The model learns context-sensitive per-allocation site lifetimes from previous runs, generalizes over different binary versions, and extrapolates from samples to unobserved calling contexts. Instead of size classes, LLAMA's heap is organized by lifetime classes that are dynamically adjusted based on observed behavior at a block granularity. LLAMA reduces memory fragmentation by up to 78% while only using huge pages on several production servers. We address ML-specific questions such as tolerating mispredictions and amortizing expensive predictions across application execution. Although our results focus on memory allocation, the questions we identify apply to other system-level problems with strict latency and resource requirements where machine learning could be applied.
Pt-Ligand single-atom catalysts: tuning activity by oxide support defect density

The support–metal interaction is an important element of heterogeneous catalyst design and is particularly critical for the rapidly growing field of single-atom catalysts (SACs). We investigate the impact of varying the defect density of the titania support on metal–organic Pt SACs for hydrosilylation reactions. Pt SACs are decorated on the powder titania support, employing a metal–ligand interaction with a dipyridyl-tetrazine ligand (DPTZ). The single-atom nature of Pt is verified by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) on both pristine and defective titania surfaces. These Pt species have a +2 oxidation state and are stabilized by bonding with DPTZ, surface oxygen, and residual chloride from the metal precursor. The catalytic activity is evaluated for the alkene hydrosilylation reaction and it is discovered that the activity of Pt-ligand is positively correlated with the defect density of the titania support. The turn-over number (TON) is calculated to be 12 530 for Pt SACs on a defective surface, which is significantly higher than Pt SACs on a pristine titania surface (830) for the same reaction period (10 min) under the same conditions (70 °C). We ascribe the high activity of Pt SACs on defective titania surfaces to two aspects: the coordination of Pt with more chloride than on pristine titania surfaces, which shortens the induction period of the reaction, and the preferential dispersion of Pt–DPTZ units on defective regions of titania surfaces, allowing facile contact between Pt sites and reactants. The supported Pt–DPTZ SACs show high stability through multiple cycles of batch reactions. This work demonstrates an efficient approach to improve the activity and stability of SACs by optimizing the metal–support interaction, which can also be applied to other oxide surfaces to further develop next-generation heterogeneous single-atom catalysts.
Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: Cross-sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level

Background: Opioid overdose-related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Objective: We aimed to discover geospatial patterns in nonmedical opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one OUD diagnosis between 2010 and 2016 and 36,004 patients with at least one OP diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. Geospatial mappings were created to compare areas of New York in OUD rates and presidential voting patterns. A multiple regression model examines the extent that certain factors explain OUD rate variation. Results: Several areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in western New York, central New York, and Suffolk County. The correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was .38 (P<.001). The regression model with census tract level of demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 30% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and Republican vote as the most significant predictors. Conclusions: At the census tract level, OUD rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic despair-related features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and OUD. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combating the opioid epidemic.