cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low recurrence rate of diabetic foot ulcer after nerve decompression.

Background: This study reevaluates the previously reported subjective benefits of surgical nerve decompression in diabetes with an easily observable, fully objective outcome measure to eliminate the placebo effect and observer bias. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of a series of 75 feet in 65 patients with diabetes and previous neuropathic ulcer who had surgical decompressions of the peroneal and posterior tibial nerve branches at anatomical fibro-osseous tunnels. After a minimum of 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of ipsilateral ulcer was assessed. Results: Postoperatively, four ulcer recurrences and four new-site ulcers developed in 187 patient-years. Mean follow-up was 2.49 years (range, 1–13 years). The combined linear annual risk of ipsilateral recurrence and new ulcer is 4.28%, the lowest reported in the scientific literature. Conclusions: Surgical decompression of lower-extremity nerves of high-risk feet at fibro-osseous anatomical tunnels was followed by a low annual incidence o...
Effects of Trial Venue and Pretrial Bias on the Evaluation of Juvenile Defendants

This research examines how the public evaluates juvenile defendants tried in different venues and whether participants with different pretrial dispositions evaluate these juvenile defendants differently. In Study 1, 144 undergraduate students judge juveniles tried as adults more harshly than adult defendants or juveniles who were tried in the juvenile court. Prosecution-biased participants judge all defendants more harshly than defense-biased participants. In Study 2, 123 community residents are recruited. Findings of Study 1 are largely replicated. In addition, defense-biased participants are more likely than prosecution-biased participants to endorse the wayward youth stereotype instead of the superpredator stereotype of juvenile defendants. Implications for juvenile justice and further research on the evaluation of juvenile defendants and pretrial bias are discussed.
Culture and Depression

Understanding the relationship between culture and depression is crucial to effectively assessing and treating this disorder in all populations. Traditional conceptualizations of depression tend to minimize or totally ignore the role of cultural factors in the experience, expression, course, and treatment of depressive symptoms. As a result, most assessment techniques and therapeutic approaches lack empirical support in the treatment of cultural minorities. Therefore, it is important to realize and compensate for the limitations of such approaches with this population. This article identifies and discusses cultural factors that are particularly relevant in the assessment and treatment of depressive disorders. General guidelines for work with depressed individuals from cultural minority groups are also discussed. Keywords: depression; genetics; minorities; somatization; biological differences
Sound symbolism in words relating to proximity and distance.

The existence of a universal sound symbolism is still controversial. Evidence is presented for a universal sound symbolism in a constellation of words in natural languages relating to proximity and distance. The discussion ranges from words relating to physical distance to terms of temporal and personal distance. Several explanations for the appearance of sound symbolism in this domain are suggested, including one based on their attributes as " shifters " or " indexical symbols ".
Matrix Recruitment and Calcium Sequestration for Spatial Specific Otoconia Development

Otoconia are bio-crystals anchored to the macular sensory epithelium of the utricle and saccule in the inner ear for motion sensing and bodily balance. Otoconia dislocation, degeneration and ectopic calcification can have detrimental effects on balance and vertigo/dizziness, yet the mechanism underlying otoconia formation is not fully understood. In this study, we show that selected matrix components are recruited to form the crystal matrix and sequester Ca2+ for spatial specific formation of otoconia. Specifically, otoconin-90 (Oc90) binds otolin through both domains (TH and C1q) of otolin, but full-length otolin shows the strongest interaction. These proteins have much higher expression levels in the utricle and saccule than other inner ear epithelial tissues in mice. In vivo, the presence of Oc90 in wildtype (wt) mice leads to an enrichment of Ca2+ in the luminal matrices of the utricle and saccule, whereas absence of Oc90 in the null mice leads to drastically reduced matrix-Ca2+. In vitro, either Oc90 or otolin can increase the propensity of extracellular matrix to calcify in cell culture, and co-expression has a synergistic effect on calcification. Molecular modeling and sequence analysis predict structural features that may underlie the interaction and Ca2+-sequestering ability of these proteins. Together, the data provide a mechanism for the otoconial matrix assembly and the role of this matrix in accumulating micro-environmental Ca2+ for efficient CaCO3 crystallization, thus uncover a critical process governing spatial specific otoconia formation.
Ternary-Search-Based Scheme to Measure Link Available-Bandwidth in Wired Networks

Accurate measurement of available bandwidth (ABW) is an important parameter to analyze network performance. Active measurement is an attractive approach as it has the advantage of controllability and flexibility for performing network measurement. However, it can affect both the data traffic and the measurement process itself if a significant amount of probe traffic is injected into the network. Furthermore, measurement must be completed in short time to effectively monitor the network state. In this paper, we propose a fast ABW measurement scheme that generates a small amount of probe traffic to achieve an acceptable measurement accuracy. The proposed scheme achieves an accuracy comparable to that of popular existing schemes. We present a performance study of the proposed scheme through ns2 simulation under different traffic conditions.
Memory-Based Methods for Regression and Classification

Memory-based learning methods operate by storing all (or most) of the training data and deferring analysis of that data until "run time" (i.e., when a query is presented and a decision or prediction must be made). When a query is received, these methods generally answer the query by retrieving and analyzing a small subset of the training data--namely, data in the immediate neighborhood of the query point. In short, memory-based methods are "lazy" (they wait until the query) and "local" (they use only a local neighborhood). The purpose of this workshop was to review the state-of-the-art in memory-based methods and to understand their relationship to "eager" and "global" learning algorithms such as batch backpropagation.
Fundamentals of Cancer Cell Biology and Molecular Targeting

Despite recent advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment, survival of patients with advanced malignancy remains suboptimal. Fortunately, our understanding of the origins of cancer has changed dramatically during the past 25 years, owing in large part to the revolution in molecular biology that has changed all biomedical research. Powerful experimental tools are available to cancer biologists and have made it possible to uncover and dissect the complex molecular machinery operating inside normal and malignant cells. In addition, these tools have allowed researchers to pinpoint the defects that cause cancer cells to signal and proliferate abnormally.
Climate model diagnostic analyzer

The comprehensive and innovative evaluation of climate models with newly available global observations is critically needed for the improvement of climate model current-state representation and future-state predictability. A climate model diagnostic evaluation process requires physics-based multi-variable analyses that typically involve large-volume and heterogeneous datasets, making them both computation- and data-intensive. With an exploratory nature of climate data analyses and an explosive growth of datasets and service tools, scientists are struggling to keep track of their datasets, tools, and execution/study history, let alone sharing them with others. In response, we have developed a cloud-enabled, provenance-supported, web-service system called Climate Model Diagnostic Analyzer (CMDA). CMDA enables the physics-based, multivariable model performance evaluations and diagnoses through the comprehensive and synergistic use of multiple observational data, reanalysis data, and model outputs. At the same time, CMDA provides a crowdsourcing space where scientists can organize their work efficiently and share their work with others. CMDA is empowered by many current state-of-the-art software packages in web service, provenance, and semantic search.
Genetic Characterization of North American Sootywings (Lepidoptera: Hesperidae) Using Nuclear and Mitochondrial Loci Validates Specific Status of MacNeill's Sootywing, Hesperopsis gracielae (MacNeill)

Abstract. Five sootywing species are found in North America: Pholisora catullus (Fabricius), P. mejicana (Reakirt), Hesperopsis libya (Scudder), H. alpheus (W. H. Edwards), and H. gracielae (MacNeill). However, the specific status of the latter two is unclear with some authorities giving them only subspecies status. We examined relationships between the three Hesperopsis spp. and Pholisora catullus using DNA sequences of two mitochondrial (COI and COII) and two conserved nuclear (28S and EF1α) genes. Maximum likelihood analyses based on the concatenated sequences confirmed that H. alpheus and H. gracielae are very closely related. Although there were seven fixed differences, average divergence in the twomitochondrial loci was wellwithin that normally expected within a species. However, corroborative fixed differences in the two nuclear genes provide very strong support for H. alpheus and H. gracielae being distinct species.
Mass Torts at the Neutral Forum: A Critical Analysis of the ALI's Proposed Choice Rule

Mass tort, under both existing federal law and current proposals for change, in theory becomes triable at a neutral forum, a place of trial with no governmental interest in the issues in the case apart from the general interest in the fair and timely administration of justice. This paper argues that all courts in this country are also under a duty of vindication of national policy in cases of mass tort. Only a national interest in the widespread, and possibly interstate, tort, could justify imposition upon a case of courts sitting in an uninterested state, and, a fortiori, imposition of that state’s choice of laws. Yet in the absence of federal law to govern the substantive issues in a mass tort case these substantive issues are governed by state law. This paper argues that national substantive policy can be identified for such cases, yet can be fully vindicated in the choice-of-law process without the intrusion of substantive federal lawmaking. National policy, it is argued, supports the remedial choice. Law that is impolitic or substandard or even dangerous is often chosen through misunderstandings of modern choice-of-law method., identified and discussed here. It is concluded that forced blind “neutrality” in choice of law method is insensitive to the fundamental goals of tort law shared by all states, and inattentive to the policies underlying national power in the multistate case. Strictly limiting judicial discretion to escape blindly neutral choices would thus tend, over time, to erode the integrity and security of national markets.
Interpersonal Neurobiology and Couple Relationship Quality: A Longitudinal Model

Interpersonal neurobiology is an interdisciplinary theory that is being used by couple and family therapists. However, more investigation is needed to determine if this theory can accurately explain family relationships over time. In this study, we used the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) dataset to examine key elements of interpersonal neurobiology theory. Using structural equation modeling, we explored how maternal and paternal support and self-acceptance during adolescence are related to emotional stability and adult couple relationship satisfaction 13 years later (N = 7864). Results indicate that self-acceptance and emotional stability are factors that contribute to couple relationship satisfaction. We conclude with clinical implications of this study, including how to use mindfulness practices to promote healthy relationships.
A Flexible Manufacturing System Architecture for On-Demand, Rate-Independent Production

For low to medium production volumes or products with short life cycle, dedicated manufacturing lines often end up being a commercial burden. The high initial non-recurring expenses of the manufacturing infrastructure are eventually passed onto the cost of the product, limiting its commercialization potential. In such cases, flexible frameworks for manufacturing are ideal, at least in theory, with reusability of the same hardware for different product developments. From an implementation standpoint, however, flexible manufacturing platforms are difficult to deploy as they suffer from inherent uncertainties that severely constrains the overall precision in task execution. Low cost flexible robotic manipulation systems, configured using individual modules from an assortment of positioners, often lack the precision required for assemblies with stringent tolerance budgets and therefore have to rely on expensive feedback systems for reliability at the trade-off of process throughput. In order to overcome this fundamental challenge with flexible or modular assembly and packaging systems, this paper presents a novel precision evaluation and control technique. The proposed solution estimates and tracks the end-effector position errors in a robotic manipulation system resulting from the kinematic configuration as well as the dynamic parameters for each specific task; thereby, allowing the automation application to compensate for these errors in run-time. The computation does not require active feedback, thus ensures high throughput while maintaining high reliability. The experimental results provided in this paper demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach in the case of a high precision micromanipulation task using a custom robotic manipulation system. The analysis also demonstrates that different system configurations offer different levels of precision metrics.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Applied Relaxation & Applied Mindfulness (ARAM): A Practical and Engaging Approach for Mind-Body Regulation Training in Medical Education

Mind-body self-regulation techniques, including progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback, the Relaxation Response, applied relaxation, and meditation, have been employed for the treatment of stress and mental health disorders and for moderating the causes and complications of acute and chronic medical illnesses for many years. More recently, interest has grown in the usefulness of forms of self-regulation training for mitigating the stresses of medical practice along with enhancement of professional performance. Medical schools have begun to include mindfulness training in their required curricula and many make the training available through electives or student health services. In this article, we describe a practical approach to self-regulation training that is a combination of applied relaxation and applied mindfulness (ARAM) designed to be cogent to third-year medical students. Approximately 150 students have practiced this approach and overall feedback has been positive.
Leg Movements During General Anesthesia

The authors describe a case of atypical leg movements during general anesthesia. The differential diagnosis of this presentation includes rhythmic movement phenomena, such as leg myoclonus, alternating leg muscle activation, and periodic leg movements of sleep. The patient had a history of tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease since age 43 years. He underwent deep brain stimulation surgery at the National Institutes of Health after an overnight dopaminergic medication withdrawal. Shortly after anesthetic induction, he developed periodic, involuntary movements of his legs that were stereotyped, bilateral and synchronous. The movements were characterized by partial flexion of the ankle, knee, and hip for 3 or 4 seconds at intervals of 5 to 10 seconds. After cessation of the anesthetic infusion, his movements promptly subsided. The total duration of the event was approximately 2 minutes. There were no residual motor or sensory deficits on neurologic examination. Although the exact mechanism responsible for the described observation requires further investigation, this phenomenology should be known, because its occurrence under intravenous anesthetics could be confused for other, pathophysiologically different phenomena.
Unstable systems stabilizing each other through adaptation - part II

It is now well realized [1] that two unstable dynamical systems, attempting to stabilize each other using the error between their outputs for adjusting their parameters, may not always succeed. The fact that adaptation may result in instability makes the mathematical problem a very interesting one. Since similar problems are arising in many other branches of science (e.g psychology, biology, medicine etc), obtaining precisely the conditions under which stability is achieved is also assuming greater importance. This paper may be considered as a first attempt to discuss the many aspects of this intriguing and difficult problem. Work carried out during the past year has shown that the interaction of two nth order systems, results in a 4nth order differential equation, whose stability has to be investigated. Even in the simple case when n = 2, determining necessary and sufficient conditions for stability is a formidable undertaking. However, through extensive simulation studies and the theoretical analysis of special cases suggested by them, numerous insights have been obtained. The objective of this paper is to convey these insights, and discuss wherever possible, their implications to higher order systems.
From Integrationism to Equal Protection: tenBroek and the Next 25 Years of Disability Rights

If there is one person who we can say is most responsible for the legal theory of the disability rights movement, that person is Jacobus tenBroek. Professor tenBroek was an influential scholar of disability law, whose writings in the 1960s laid the groundwork for the disability rights laws we have today. He was also an influential disability rights activist. He was one of the founders and the president for more than two decades of the National Federation of the Blind, one of the first — and for many years undisputedly the most effective — of the organizations made up of people with disabilities that fought for the rights of people with disabilities. Yet in the legal academy at large, Professor tenBroek is best known not for his disability law scholarship but for his other work — notably on poverty law (where he was a key legal architect of the welfare rights movement) and especially on the Fourteenth Amendment.The purpose of this essay, which was presented as the annual Law Journal Lecture at the University of St. Thomas Law School, is to bring together two of the important bodies of scholarship produced by Professor tenBroek. Professor tenBroek’s disability law work is well known to disability rights activists and scholars, and his work on the Fourteenth Amendment is well known to constitutional scholars. But past scholarship has not brought these two lines of Professor tenBroek’s work together. This essay attempts to do that, and to show how tenBroek’s important scholarship on the antislavery origins of the Fourteenth Amendment can help us to chart an agenda for the next 25 years of disability rights, just as tenBroek’s scholarship on disability integrationism set the agenda for the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its first 25 years.
Illuminating Myocyte-Fibroblast Homotypic and Heterotypic Gap Junction Dynamics Using Dynamic Clamp

Fibroblasts play a significant role in the development of electrical and mechanical dysfunction of the heart; however, the underlying mechanisms are only partially understood. One widely studied mechanism suggests that fibroblasts produce excess extracellular matrix, resulting in collagenous septa that slow propagation, cause zig-zag conduction paths, and decouple cardiomyocytes, resulting in a substrate for cardiac arrhythmia. An emerging mechanism suggests that fibroblasts promote arrhythmogenesis through direct electrical interactions with cardiomyocytes via gap junction (GJ) channels. In the heart, three major connexin (Cx) isoforms, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45, form GJ channels in cell-type-specific combinations. Because each Cx is characterized by a unique time- and transjunctional voltage-dependent profile, we investigated whether the electrophysiological contributions of fibroblasts would vary with the specific composition of the myocyte-fibroblast (M-F) GJ channel. Due to the challenges of systematically modifying Cxs in vitro, we coupled native cardiomyocytes with in silico fibroblast and GJ channel electrophysiology models using the dynamic-clamp technique. We found that there is a reduction in the early peak of the junctional current during the upstroke of the action potential (AP) due to GJ channel gating. However, effects on the cardiomyocyte AP morphology were similar regardless of the specific type of GJ channel (homotypic Cx43 and Cx45, and heterotypic Cx43/Cx45 and Cx45/Cx43). To illuminate effects at the tissue level, we performed multiscale simulations of M-F coupling. First, we developed a cell-specific model of our dynamic-clamp experiments and investigated changes in the underlying membrane currents during M-F coupling. Second, we performed two-dimensional tissue sheet simulations of cardiac fibrosis and incorporated GJ channels in a cell type-specific manner. We determined that although GJ channel gating reduces junctional current, it does not significantly alter conduction velocity during cardiac fibrosis relative to static GJ coupling. These findings shed more light on the complex electrophysiological interplay between cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes.
Phylogenetic aspects of immunoglobulin variable region diversity.

There is now widespread agreement that the antigen-binding function of immunoglobulin molecules is mediated by the variable regions of their heavy and light polypeptide chains. Studies from a number of laboratories have shown that many general features of antibodies, such as the capacity to interact with a given antigen (e.g., dinitrophenyl), susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage, and mediation of biological properties (e.g., complement fixation), are shared across a wide phylogenetic spectrum of animal species. From a broad biological standpoint, an important question arises. To what extent do these various animal species produce similar immunoglobulin proteins to fulfill the functional requirements of the humoral response system? One approach to answering this question is to study the molecular products of the humoral response in a wide variety of species, especially including amino acid sequence analyses. Unfortunately, such studies have been impeded by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient quantities of pure material from the different species, in large part because of the restriction of the availability, until recently, of homogeneous myeloma proteins to man and the mouse. However, the discovery and sequence analysis of myeloma proteins from dogs and cats (Kehoe and Capra, 1972), progress in amino acid sequence studies of murine myeloma proteins (Bourgois and Fougereau, 1970; Hood and Talmage, 1970; Rudikoff et al., 1973), the recent discovery of myeloma proteins in rats (Bazin et al., 1972; Querinjean et al., 1974), and the remarkable complete sequence analyses performed by Cebra et al. (1971) on pools of immunoglobulins from inbred guinea pigs has considerably widened the scope of the available sequence data on the characteristics of antibody proteins from various species.
Illegal wildlife trade: Look to the elephants

The expansion of global illegal trafficking and its cooption by sophisticated criminal syndicates have accelerated the overharvesting of species ([ 1 ][1]). Although we lack understanding of the illegal trade of most species, we have gained insight into elephant ivory trafficking through a variety
Effects of Local Health Interventions on Inequality in Life Expectancy: New Publicly Available Data

The article examines the relationship between income and life expectancy in the U.S. Particular focus is given to data drawn from tax and Social Security records. Additional topics discussed include how the largest gap is between the richest one percent and the poorest one percent of Americans, the impact that immigrants, college graduation rates and local government expenditures had on the data, and how data from the study discussed is available on the website https://healthinequality.org/data.
Protein Disulfide Isomerase Regulates Sickle Erythrocyte Volume Via ET-1 Dependent Casein Kinase II Mechanism

Abstract 2114 Disordered K+ efflux and osmotically induced water loss leads to red blood cell (RBC) dehydration and plays a role in the pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease. We previously reported that activation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors in sickle erythrocyte was partially responsible for dense sickle cell formation. However, the mechanism by which ET-1 regulates RBC volume remains unclear. Serine/threonine kinases have been shown to regulate K+ transport in RBC. Casein Kinase II (CK2), a serine/threonine kinase, phosphorylates acidic proteins, regulates calmodulin activity and cytoskeletal proteins and is present in RBC. CK2 activity is blocked by apigenin, emodin, heparin, and ornithine decarboxylase. Previous reports have shown a role for flavonoids such as apigenin as substrates for erythrocyte plasma membrane oxidoreductases. We recently observed a role for Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in regulating cellular hydration and K+ efflux in human RBC. PDI catalyzes disulfide interchange reactions in the plasma membrane, mediates redox modifications and is up-regulated under hypoxic conditions. However the relationship between CK2 and PDI in the setting of cellular hydration status is un-explored. Our results indicate that erythrocyte membrane CK2 activity increases when sickle cells are incubated with 500 nM ET-1 for 30 min (2.8 ± 0.1 to 4.9 ± 0.01 nmol/min/mL * 106 cell) an event that is blunted by pre-incubation with the ET-1 B receptor blocker, BQ788 (2.5 ± 0.1 nmol/min/mL * 106 cell, n=3, p rutin>TBB>naringin>naringenin (n=2, P Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Ocean acidification effects on haploid and diploid Emiliania huxleyi strains: Why changes in cell size matter

The effects of ocean acidification (OA) on Emiliania huxleyi non-calcifying haploid strain CCMP 374 (s374) and calcifying diploid strain CCMP 2668 (s2668) were investigated in this study. Both E. huxleyi strains were cultured semi-continuously for ~ 20 generations under three pCO2 levels, one representing equilibrium with contemporary atmospheric pCO2 and two representing different OA scenarios projected for the end the century. During the course of the experiments, measurements were made for cell size in s374 and coccosphere size in strain s2668, cellular intrinsic growth rates, and the per cell (s374) and per coccosphere (s2668) concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), chlorophyll a (chl a) and particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp). In agreement with other studies, elevated pCO2 led to a small increase in POC and PON in the diploid strain, but not in the haploid strain. Although the PIC was static across pCO2 treatments in the diploid calcifier, PIC:POC was reduced under OA due to the disproportionate increase in POC. The concentration of E. huxleyi DMSPp cell− 1 increased (s2668) or responded non-linearly (s374) to OA. Exposure to OA caused cell and coccosphere volumes to increase by 18% and 37% from the ambient to high pCO2 treatment in the haploid and diploid strain, respectively, despite equivalent cross-treatment growth rates. Therefore, when normalized to cell and coccosphere volume, small to negligible increases in cellular constituents under OA translated into decreased cellular and coccosphere densities (e.g. mass vol− 1) of those same constituents. This produces seemingly contradictory cellular responses to OA depending on data normalization, and highlights the need to cautiously interpret OA experimental data when cell and coccosphere size is not reported. A consistent OA-induced increase in cell and coccosphere size has implications for E. huxleyi cellular physiology, ecology and trophic interactions, as cell size is a master characteristic that governs cellular rate processes, predator encounter rates, and predator ingestion efficiencies. Further, because POC and PON did not scale with volume increases, there is a dilution in the carbon and nitrogen concentration in E. huxleyi cells under OA. This result could have cascading effects on planktonic food webs as predator ingestion rates and growth efficiencies adjust.
Symptoms from repeated intentional and unintentional head impact in soccer players

Objective: To determine the rate and differential contribution of heading vs unintentional head impacts (e.g., head to head, goal post) to CNS symptoms in adult amateur soccer players. Methods: Amateur soccer players completed baseline and serial on-line 2-week recall questionnaires (HeadCount) and reported (1) soccer practice and games, (2) heading and unintentional soccer head trauma, and (3) frequency and severity (mild to very severe) of CNS symptoms. For analysis, CNS symptoms were affirmed if one or more moderate, severe, or very severe episodes were reported in a 2-week period. Repeated measures logistic regression was used to assess if 2-week heading exposure (i.e., 4 quartiles) or unintentional head impacts (i.e., 0, 1, 2+) were associated with CNS symptoms. Results: A total of 222 soccer players (79% male) completed 470 HeadCount questionnaires. Mean (median) heading/2 weeks was 44 (18) for men and 27 (9.5) for women. One or more unintentional head impacts were reported by 37% of men and 43% of women. Heading-related symptoms were reported in 20% (93 out of 470) of the HeadCounts. Heading in the highest quartile was significantly associated with CNS symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57–6.37) when controlling for unintentional exposure. Those with 2+ unintentional exposures were at increased risk for CNS symptoms (OR 6.09, 95% CI 3.33–11.17) as were those with a single exposure (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.69–5.26) when controlling for heading. Conclusions: Intentional (i.e., heading) and unintentional head impacts are each independently associated with moderate to very severe CNS symptoms.
Stress corrosion crack initiation of alloy 600 in PWR primary water

Abstract Stress corrosion crack (SCC) initiation of three mill-annealed alloy 600 heats in simulated pressurized water reactor primary water has been investigated using constant load tests equipped with in-situ direct current potential drop (DCPD) measurement capabilities. SCC initiation times were greatly reduced by a small amount of cold work. Shallow intergranular attack and/or cracks were found on most high-energy grain boundaries intersecting the surface with only a small fraction evolving into larger cracks and intergranular SCC growth. Crack depth profiles were measured and related to DCPD-detected initiation response. Processes controlling the SCC initiation in mill-annealed alloy 600 are discussed.
Compatible phases of the Y2O3-CuO-Cu2O system in air

The phase diagram of the Y{sub 2}O{sub 3}--CuO--Cu{sub 2}O system was constructed as a function of temperature in air by means of thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction. The phase Y{sub 2}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 5} was found to be stoichiometric and melted peritectically at about 1110 {degree}C. A new intermediate phase with the composition YCu{sub 2}O{sub 2.5} was discovered. It exists between 990 and 1105 {degree}C in air and quenching did not preserve it to room temperature. High temperature x-ray diffraction established its pattern and confirmed its peritectic decomposition. Above 1110 {degree}C YCu{sub 2}O{sub 2.5} consists of Y{sub 2}O{sub 3} and liquid. The results of this system are shown on a ternary system as well as on a pseudo-binary phase diagram. The solid state reations were established. Melting occurs with isothermal oxygen loss or gain, depending on the initial composition.
High resolution, self-compensated, sense amplifier for FRAM technology

Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) is a non-volatile memory with fast, low power, high endurance, read and write operations. Hence, this technology remains an attractive choice for embedded system solutions. In this paper, we analyze Si data that initiated the effort to design a compensated Sense Amplifier (SA) with improved input offset-sigma. We evaluate the cost vs benefit tradeoffs associated with this metal-cap based approach to offset compensation. Lastly, we present design improvements, which will preserve the benefits of SA with compensation while reducing the cost. In this work we propose a self-compensated and high resolution SA, in 130nm FRAM technology, which will enable a more accurate and consistent delineation of smaller signal margins.
Noradrenergic Function in Depressive Disorders

Since the elaboration of the catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders more than twenty years ago, researchers have attempted to test it mainly by measuring norepinephrine (NE) and 3-methoxy-4hydroxyphenyl-glycol (MHPG), a major NE metabolite in urine, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). MHPG is the only quantitatively significant brain NE metabolite entering the circulation and therefore had originally been thought to reflect brain “activity” (Schildkraut, Orsulak, Schatzberg, Gudeman, Cole, Rohde, & LaBrie, 1978). It was subsequently demonstrated that the CNS contributes 20%–30% of NE metabolites to the circulation. Of this, only 50% of central MHPG appears as MHPG in the urine; the remainder is metabolized to other metabolites, of which 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyvanillyl-mandelic-acid (VMA) predominates. Peripherally released NE contributes the other 50% of circulating MHPG (Filser, Spira, Fischer, Gattaz, & Muller, 1988; Kopin, 1985; Kopin, 1984). Pathways of NE metabolism are shown in Figure 1.
A novel language-adaptable accent reduction software template

This paper presents key elements of an Android mobile phone application designed to improve English speech fluency by accent reduction, with techniques designed to be generalizable to other languages and accessible to researchers with limited financial resources for implementation. After development, the software was implemented on a Samsung Galaxy S6, a common device for personal and business use. This paper will present existing approaches to this problem and associated issues, selection and use of existing open-source speech-recognition tools, and a general software architecture for using these tools in accent reduction applications. In particular, use of the CMU Sphinx software and associated corpi on the Android platform, changes that must be made to use the software in an accent reduction application, and practical considerations when designing an associated Graphical User Interface will be discussed. Finally, the Android Python port ”Kivy” and its practicality for this purpose will also be discussed. It was found that CMU Sphinx can run well on Android if implemented carefully, and be used to provide a rich user experience with both aural and visual feedback, although finding appropriate corpi for some languages can pose difficulty. Unfortunately, Kivy was found to be unreliable due to packaging errors.
Technology and Regional Development: Theory Revisited

The continuing onset of globalization does not mean the End of Geography, when regions cease to matter as conceptual or empirical devices. Likewise, increasing attacks from alternative approaches to knowledge do not make theory any less important. It is a fundamental tenet of this paper that both regions and theory matter a great deal.
Preparing for Tomorrow in Academic Women’s Health Care

This summary will serve as a reference in promoting common data definitions across other healthcare fields and in stimulating an adequately funded, better organized national agenda focused on other academic physician workforce issues. The chapter combines conclusions from each chapter to project changes in the academic women’s health care landscape as a foundation for continued surveillance and reporting.
Long-term effects of disaster on depressive symptoms: Type of exposure matters

Abstract Rationale Natural disasters have the potential to change the lives of older people, yet most studies rely on small convenience samples, few include assessments of people prior to the disaster, and only a handful examine the effects of different types of exposure. Objective Our analyses add new knowledge to the literature by examining the ways in which four types of exposure (i.e., geographic, peri-traumatic stress, personal and property loss, and post-storm hardship) affect depressive symptoms experienced by older people over a five-year period. Method We analyzed four waves of data from the ORANJ BOWL panel using multilevel mixed effects models. Results We found that although each type of exposure had an independent effect on depressive symptoms, the effects of peri-traumatic stress were dominant. Conclusions As nearly 20% of people in the United States will experience a natural disaster during the course of their lives, it is critical to understand how disaster exposure can influence mental health because each type of exposure demands a different response. Finding that an individual's emotional response during the disaster plays an important role in the development of depressive symptoms suggests that reduction of exposure to traumatic stress during a storm (i.e., evacuation from a storm area) is important for older people. Likewise, immediate interventions following a disaster that target people experiencing high levels of peri-traumatic distress may be particularly effective and that failing to attend to these people may miss a critical opportunity and result in years of suffering.
Vitamin C in the critically ill - indications and controversies

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) elicits pleiotropic effects in the body. Among its functions, it serves as a potent anti-oxidant, a co-factor in collagen and catecholamine synthesis, and a modulator of immune cell biology. Furthermore, an increasing body of evidence suggests that high-dose vitamin C administration improves hemodynamics, end-organ function, and may improve survival in critically ill patients. This article reviews studies that evaluate vitamin C in pre-clinical models and clinical trials with respect to its therapeutic potential.
Abstract # 3185 Central immune alterations in a gestational stress animal model of postpartum depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major public health problem that is experienced by15% of new mothers, but its causes remain unclear. Hormonal fluctuations have been posited to be the most important contributor to PPD, although peripheral immune changes have recently been observed in women with PPD. Little is known about neuroimmune alterations in PPD, thus we used an animal model of PPD incorporating gestational stress, a well-known risk factor, and evaluated the maternal neuroimmune system focusing on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a key mood-regulating brain region. Pregnant rats underwent chronic variable stress from gestation days (GD) 7–20 or were unstressed and then sacrificed at GD21 or postpartum day(P)8. Brain tissue levels IL-1beta, interferon (IFN) gamma, and TNFalpha, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 transcripts, as well as the phagocytosis-related gene transcripts, CD68, integrin alpha M (ITGAM), complement components (C)3 and C1q, were assessed via qPCR. ELISA was performed on blood to assess peripheral cytokine levels. Gestational stress led to increased expression of IL-1B and IFNy in the mPFC at GD21, and increased expression of ITGAM and C1q, which suggests that stress leads to central inflammation as well as microglia-mediated synaptic remodeling. There was no effect of gestational stress on any genes at PD8, nor stress effects on peripheral cytokines. These data suggest that gestational stress impacts the maternal neuroimmune system, which may thereby contribute to PPD.
(339) Multisite Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Musculoskeletal pain is prominent in older individuals, with about half of the population reporting chronic pain in community settings. Generally, multisite pain is reported more often than single site pain in this population, but little research has focused on its associations with various pain, psychological and functional characteristics. Older adults (n = 87, female (n=55), mean age 72, SD=6.8, 63%) a part of the Neuromodulatory Examination of Pain and Mobility Across the Lifespan (NEPAL) study completed laboratory visits assessing clinical and experimental pain, as well as measures of psychological and physical function. We hypothesized that a greater number of anatomical pain sites in older individuals would be associated with worse pain, psychological and physical function. One-third of the sample (n=31, 35.6%) did not experience chronic pain while on average older individuals reporting chronic pain reported on average 4 anatomical pain sites (SD=2.7). Multiple hierarchical regression analyses suggested that an increasing number of anatomical pain sites was associated with greater clinical pain severity, increased experimental pressure pain sensitivity, lower positive affect, greater negative affect even after accounting for age, sex, education, and race as covariates (all p's
TELEOLOGY IN THE WAKE OF POST-STRUCTURALISM

AbstractWithin the critical humanities there has been a recent return to Marxist and communist thought, which has meant a reckoning with post-structuralism. Thinkers, such as Jose Munoz and Jodi Dean, who have been critical of parts of the post-structural legacy, have also held onto certain aspects of that tradition, in particular non-coincidence as a stay against identity, administration, and/or determination. However, they have done so in ways that have left unquestioned a contemporary commonsense around teleology. In this essay I argue this has led to an inability to think or maintain connections between the subject and representation – crucial categories for any materialism. Through a discussion of the work of Cuban poet Jose Lezama Lima, I cultivate a critical vocabulary for building and sustaining non-coincident relations between the subject and representation, ones which neither collapse these two planes nor render them abyssal.
The biology of CSF-1 and its receptor.

The constant renewal of blood cells in vertebrate species depends on the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow (Harrison et al. 1988). These cells in turn give rise to progenitor cells which are committed to more restricted pathways of differentiation. The survival, proliferation, and differentiation of these progenitor cells are regulated by the colony stimulating factors (CSFs), so named because of their ability to promote the in vitro proliferation and differentiation of single progenitor cells into macroscopic colonies with discernible differentiated cell types (Pluznik and Sachs 1965; Bradley and Metcalf 1966; Ichikawa et al. 1966). This group of hematopoietic growth factors includes interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) (reviewed in STANLEY and JUBINSKY 1984; METCALF 1986).
From the Archive to the City: (Re)Constructing Madrid’s Past in Basilio Martín Patino’s Madrid (1987)

This article examines the role that urban space and people’s experience of it play in the transmission and maintenance of the past, and how memories contribute to understanding and experiencing the city, in Basilio Martin Patino’s mixed-genre film Madrid (1987). I introduce the concept of the ‘mnemonic collective map’ to analyse the reciprocal relationship between collective memories and urban space. A mnemonic collective map stresses the reciprocal processes by which an experience of the city constructs or reinterprets memories, while the transmission of memories generates an image of urban space that influences how the city is experienced. In an analysis of Madrid, I argue that Hans, the protagonist, starts his documentary film on the city of Madrid with a historiographical approach, but later adopts a methodology that highlights the relevance of collective memories in the reconstruction of what the city has been and is, thus developing a mnemonic collective map as a result of his affective relationship to the city and its inhabitants. As he experiences the urban milieu, its collective past becomes more comprehensible; as he comprehends the past of the city, he is able to understand better the idiosyncrasies of present-day Madrid.
Simple Rules Determine Distinct Patterns of Branching Morphogenesis

Many metazoan organs are comprised of branching trees of epithelial tubes; how patterning occurs in these trees is a fundamental problem of development. Commonly, branch tips fill the volume of the organ approximately uniformly, e.g., in mammalian lung, airway branch tips are dispersed roughly uniformly throughout the volume of the lung. In contrast, in the developing metanephric kidney, the tips of the ureteric bud tree are located close to the outer surface of the kidney rather than filling the kidney. Here, we describe a simple alteration in the branching rules that accounts for the difference between the kidney pattern that leads to tips near the organ surface versus previously known patterns that lead to the branch tips being dispersed throughout the organ. We further use a simple toy model to deduce from first principles how this rule change accounts for the differences in the two types of trees.
Teachers Teaching Teachers: The Role of Workplace Peer Effects in Financial Decisions

This paper studies the role of workplace peers in the transmission of information pertinent to an important household financial decision: the mortgage refinancing choice. Exploiting commonalities in teaching schedules of school teachers in Texas to identify peer groups, we find that refinancing activity among teachers’ peers increases their likelihood of refinancing by 20.7%. The effect of peers increases with the potential savings realized upon refinancing and is stronger among younger teachers. Peers also affect teachers’ choice of lender. Overall, our findings suggest that peer interactions greatly reduce a household’s cost of acquiring and processing financial information.Received March 6, 2017; editorial decision July 31, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.