cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results from long-term dissolution tests using oxidized spent fuel

Two semi-static dissolution tests using oxidized PWR spent fuel specimens are being conducted under ambient hot cell conditions in Nevada Test Site J-13 well water and unsealed fused silica vessels. The test specimens were oxidized at 250{degree}C in air to bulk oxygen-to-metal (O/M) values of 2.21 and 2.33. Following an initial 191-day test cycle, the specimens were restarted in fresh J-13 water for a second long-term test cycle. Results through the first 40 months of Cycle 2 are compared with results from similar tests at 25{degree}C and 85{degree}C using unoxidized spent fuel specimens. Increased concentrations of U, Am, Cm and NP were measured in 0.4-{mu}m filtered samples from the oxidized fuel tests compared to the unoxidized fuel tested at 25{degree}C; Pu concentrations were not affected by the fuel oxidation state. Most of the Am and Cm, and a portion of the Pu, measured in 0.4-{mu}m filtered samples was removed by 2-nm filtration. Fission product release results were normalized to specimen inventories and reported as fractional release. No attempt was made to normalize the data to surface area. Initial {sup 99}Tc release was greatly increased, and prolonged increases in the fractional release rates of {sup 99}Tc and {sup 129}I occurred as a result of fuel oxidation. Fractional release rates for {sup 137}Cs and {sup 90}Sr from oxidized fuel eventually decreased to levels similar to those observed with unoxidized fuel after equivalent testing times, suggesting that matrix dissolution rates normalized to fuel mass were not increased as a result of oxidation. 6 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
Characterization of the Protease of a Fish Retrovirus, Walleye Dermal Sarcoma Virus

Three fish retroviruses infecting walleyes constitute the recently recognized genus called epsilonretrovirus. The founding member of this group, walleye dermal sarcoma virus (WDSV), induces benign skin tumors in the infected fish and replicates near 4°C. While the viral genomic sequence is known, biochemical characterization of the virus has been limited to the identification of the mature structural and envelope proteins present in virions. We undertook this study to determine the cleavage sites in the WDSV Pro and Pol proteins and to characterize the viral protease (PR) in vitro. A recombinant PR was expressed in and purified from Escherichia coli as a larger fusion with additional nucleocapsid and reverse transcriptase residues flanking the PR domain. Autocleavage produced a functional, mature PR. Autocleavage as well as cleavage of peptides and of Gag protein by the mature PR occurred at a pH optimum of 7.0, higher than that of other retroviral proteases. Analysis of the cleavage sites identified a glutamine residue in the P2 position of all WDSV sites, both in Gag and in Pol. Amino acid sequence alignments of Gag-Pro-Pol from WDSV, walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus type 1, and walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus type 2 showed the P2 glutamine to be conserved in all cleavage sites in these three viruses. Such conservation is unprecedented in other retroviruses.
Gauge Anomalies in an Effective Field Theory

A four-dimensional gauge theory with anomalous fermion content can be consistently quantized, provided that at least some gauge fields are permitted to have nonvanishing masses. Such a theory is nonrenormalizable; there is a maximal value of the ultraviolet cutoff Λ, beyond which the locality of the theory breaks down. The maximal Λ can be estimated in perturbation theory and has a qualitatively different character in Abelian and non-Abelian anomalous gauge theories.
Effects of polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress genes on survival from head and neck cancer

Abstract Background Heavy alcohol consumption increases risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Alcohol metabolism to cytotoxic and mutagenic intermediates acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species is critical for alcohol-drinking-associated carcinogenesis. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in alcohol metabolism-related and antioxidant genes influence SCCHN survival. Methods Interview and genotyping data (64 polymorphisms in 12 genes) were obtained from 1227 white and African-American cases from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology study, a population-based case–control study of SCCHN conducted in North Carolina from 2002 to 2006. Vital status, date and cause of death through 2009 were obtained from the National Death Index. Kaplan–Meier log-rank tests and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated to identify alleles associated with survival. Results Most tested SNPs were not associated with survival, with the exception of the minor alleles of rs3813865 and rs8192772 in CYP2E1 . These were associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (HR rs3813865 , 95%CI=2.00, 1.33–3.01; HR rs8192772 , 95%CI=1.62, 1.17–2.23). Hazard ratios for 8 additional SNPs in CYP2E1 , GPx2 , SOD1 , and SOD2 , though not statistically significant, were suggestive of differences in allele hazards for all-cause and/or cancer death. No consistent associations with survival were found for SNPs in ADH1B , ADH1C , ADH4 , ADH7 , ALDH2 , GPx2 , GPx4 , and CAT . Conclusions We identified some polymorphisms in alcohol and oxidative stress metabolism genes that influence survival in subjects with SCCHN. Previously unreported associations of SNPs in CYP2E1 warrant further investigation.
Highly Rated and most Frequent Stressors among Police Officers: Gender Differences.

This descriptive study examined the top five most frequent and highly rated occupational stressors from the Spielberger Police Stress Survey among 365 police officers enrolled in the Buffalo Cardio-Metabolic Occupational Police Stress (BCOPS) Study (2004–2009). Prevalence, frequency, and rating of stressors were compared across gender. Poisson regression was used to estimate the prevalence and prevalence ratio (PR) of events. Analysis of variance was used to compare mean frequency of occurrence and mean stress ratings by gender. Many reported stressors dealt with violent situations. Responding to family disputes (83 %) was reported as the most frequent stressor and exposure to battered children (27 %) was the most highly rated stressor (mean rating: 67.6 ± 35.3). Killing someone in the line of duty (mean rating: 66.3 ± 43.0) and experiencing a fellow officer being killed (mean rating: 65.3 ± 40.6) were highly rated but infrequent (0.27 % and 3.6 %, respectively). Male officers tended to report more frequent stressors which took away from their time off duty such as court appearances (PR = 1.26, 1.04–1.52) and working second jobs (PR = 2.37, 1.57–3.57). In contrast, female officers reported experiencing a 37 % higher prevalence of lack of support from supervisor (PR = 0.63, 0.48–0.82) relative to male officers. Results of the present study are discussed within the context of specific police stressors and gender.
What representations might underlie infant numerical knowledge

The sensitivity of young infants to number raises the question of the nature of their numerical representations. We contrast two broad classes of models that have been proposed in the literature: Integer-symbol models and Object-file models. Four infant-addition experiments (1+1=2 or 1) were conducted. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that the timing of the placement of the screen relative to the objects determined 8-month-olds' success (object-first condition) and failure (screen-first condition) in such addition tasks. Experiment 3 established that 10-month-old infants succeed in the single-screen, screen first, paradigm. Experiment 4 examined whether the failure in the screen-first condition was due to an imprecise representation of object location. Separate screens enabled 8-month-olds to succeed in a screen-first paradigm. We argue that this pattern of success and failure favors the Object-file model over Integer-symbol models.
Modeling of ultrafast laser pulse propagation

Computer simulations of ultrafast optical pulses face multiple challenges. This requires one to construct a propagation model to reduce the Maxwell system so that it can be efficiently simulated at the temporal and spatial scales relevant to experiments. The second problem concerns the light-matter interactions, demanding novel approaches for gaseous and condensed media alike. As the nonlinear optics pushes into new regimes, the need to honor the first principles is ever greater, and requires striking a balance between computational complexity and physical fidelity of the model. With the emphasis on the dynamics in intense optical pulses, this paper discusses some recent developments and promising directions in the field of ultrashort pulse modeling.
A focused review of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of tumor lysis syndrome for the interventional radiologist.

The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is one of the most frequently encountered and dangerous oncologic emergencies.1 TLS describes a constellation of laboratory and clinical findings resulting from the rapid breakdown of tumor cells releasing their intracellular contents into the systemic circulation. It occurs most commonly in hematologic malignancies at the start of antineoplastic therapy, but has also been reported in a broad variety of solid organ malignancies, as well as occurring spontaneously without chemotherapy.2 3 4 5 As a potentially fatal oncologic emergency, it is imperative to identify patients at risk for early preventative therapy, understand the pathophysiology and consequences of this syndrome, and recognize the clinical and laboratory manifestations of TLS to ensure timely and appropriate treatment.
Lewis, Wilson, Hume: A Response to Jessica Wilson on Lewisian Plenitude and Hume’s Dictum

According to David Lewis’s Modal Realism, other possible worlds really exist as concrete, spatiotemporal systems, and every way that a world could be is a way that some world is. To establish this plenitude of concrete possible worlds, Lewis presents his ‘principle of recombination,’ which is meant to guarantee that there exists a possible world, or part of a possible world, for every possibility. Jessica Wilson has recently argued that Lewis’s principle of recombination fails to generate enough worlds to account for the plenitude of possibilities. Namely, Wilson argues that the principle of recombination cannot account for the possibility of spatially overlapping but distinct fundamental entities, as well as certain macroscopic entities. In this paper, I will defend Lewis’s principle of recombination against these charges, arguing that Wilson’s objections overlook features of Lewisian metaphysics that can solve the problems at hand.
General practitioner and palliative sedation

Recent publications in Dutch national newspapers on palliative sedation have raised concerns about its use in general practice. There is now evidence that there is no significant increase in the incidence of palliative sedation. Euthanasia requests were pending in 20.8% of the cases in which palliative sedation was performed, but the general practitioners could clearly justify why they made this choice. This is important because it indicates that they are aware of a sharp distinction between euthanasia and palliative sedation. Although the decision to perform palliative sedation was discussed with almost all cancer patients, patient involvement was less present in non-cancer conditions. This may be related to different disease trajectories, but it also indicates that attention should be devoted to earlier identification of patients in need of palliative care. The findings confirm that the practice of palliative sedation by general practitioners largely reflects the recommendations of the Dutch National Guideline on Palliative Sedation.
34. Guidelines and nomenclature in critical care continuous EEG monitoring

Nomenclature is key to describing clearly the clinical events in a critical care continuous EEG recording. Uniform nomenclature facilitates multicenter studies. It allows clinicians to understand better the meaning of studies performed at another institution. Recent clearer nomenclature proposed definition of many terms, such as for rhythmic or periodic patterns, prevalence, frequency, duration, amplitude, symmetry, and other terms for critical care monitoring (Hirsch, J Clin Neurophys; 2013). A consensus guideline recommends continuous EEG recording (a) to identify nonconvulsive seizures, (b) to assess efficacy of therapy, (c) to identify ischemia in high-risk patients (d), to assess depth of coma or sedation, (e) and for prognosis after cardiac arrest (Herman, J Clin Neurophys; 2015). The consensus guideline also describes personnel qualifications, e.g. for interpreting physicians, technical specification for equipment, and how recordings should be acquired, reviewed and interpreted. These are meant to provide guidance for quality patient care services.
Hydro)peroxide ligands on colloidal cerium oxide nanoparticles.

Anhydrous H2O2 reacts with organic colloidal solutions of ceria nanoparticles to form a stable surface peroxo/hydroperoxo species with the release of oleate capping ligands into solution. A new optical spectroscopic signature was identified for cerium-peroxo/hydroperoxo species in solution and correlated with solid-state IR spectroscopy and chemical reactivity.
Adaptive iterative learning control for nonlinear multi-agent systems consensus output tracking with actuator faults

In this work, we present a new distributed adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) scheme for a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems (MAS) under alignment condition with both parametric and nonparametric system uncertainties, where the actuators may be faulty and the control input gain functions are not fully known. Nonparametric uncertainties such as norm-bounded nonlinear uncertainties can be effectively handled. Backstepping design with the composite energy function (CEF) structure is used in the discussion. Through rigorous analysis, we show that under this new AILC scheme, uniform convergence of agents output tracking error over the iteration domain is guaranteed. In the end, an illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed AILC scheme.
The TransmissionLine Equations for TwoConductor Lines

This chapter contains sections titled: Derivation of the Transmission-Line Equations from the Integral Form of Maxwell's Equations Derivation of the Transmission-Line Equations from the Per-Unit-Length Equivalent Circuit Properties of the Per-Unit-Length Parameters Incorporating Frequency-Dependent Losses This chapter contains sections titled: Problems References
Island Queens and Mission Wives: How Gender and Empire Remade Hawaii's Pacific World. By Jennifer Thigpen. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. Pp. xii, 165. $37.50.)

In this new book, the author writes with skill and sensitivity about a fascinating (and to many people, tragic) subject: the radical transformation of the Hawaiian Islands through internal upheaval...
Product costing in the strategic formation of a supply chain

This study presents manufacturing and distribution network models for strategic supply chain planning. Where prices of intermediate products in the supply chain are not readily available, we study the influence on the formation of the supply chain of using either direct product costing or full absorption costing for setting internal prices. We develop a generalized Benders decomposition-based approach to solve the models. Problems representing a variety of scenarios that simulates different economic environments are solved. Our computational results show that the product costing method could influence the concentration of production activities at potential manufacturing locations, production and shipment quantities, product prices, and allocation of profits in the supply chain.
Speech Recognition as a Practice Tool for Dysarthria.

Recovery of speech in dysarthria requires an extensive amount of time and practice. Speech recognition (SR) technology may support long-term practice and speech recovery efforts for individuals with dysarthria. However, SR technology development has been focused on typical (neurologically intact) speakers to support writing. This article describes the history and development of SR technology, how it has been used by individuals with dysarthria, and includes a case study illustration of the use of a novel SR technology as a speech practice tool. Case study participants included two individuals with differing onsets and dysarthria due to traumatic brain injury. Results indicated that both were able to make acoustic/perceptual changes during speech practice sessions, and one participant demonstrated generalization of changes to habitual speech. Limitations and future directions of current SR technology as a speech practice tool are discussed.
Sátira de la recepción textual en el "Arte de la palabra"

El autor analiza las lecturas que un poema de don Gerardo de Pompier suscita en varios personajes de El Arte de la Palabra de Enrique Lihn. El autor propone que, al incluir este poema y sus posteriores lecturas en la realidad ficticia de la novela, El Arte de la Palabra anticipa y desconstruye varias lecturas que el propio texto iba a confrontar dentro del contexto historico de su publicacion. The author analyzes the readings that a poem by don Gerardo de Pompier produces in severa[ characters of El Arte de la Palabra by Enrique Lihn. He argues that by including this poem and its subsequent readings in the fictitious reality of the novel, El Arte de la Palabra anticipates and deconstructs severa[ readings the text was to confront within the historical context of its publication.
Effects of NK1 receptors on gastric motor functions and satiation in healthy humans: results from a controlled trial with the NK1 antagonist aprepitant

Aprepitant increases fasting, postprandial, and accommodation gastric volumes. Aprepitant increases volume to fullness and maximum tolerated volume during a nutrient drink test. NK1 receptors are i...
Nanostructured Electrode Materials for High-Energy Rechargeable Li, Na and Zn Batteries

Fossil fuel is the main energy resource currently. The continuous consumption of this nonrenewable resource has caused very serious environment problems, which has motivated tremendous research efforts in this century. Energy storage is critical to alleviate the current energy and environmental problems. Comparing to mechanical energy storage, rechargeable batteries allow energy storage with a smaller footprint. The intersection of rechargeable battery with nanomaterials has been a booming research topic recently and yielded new applications of nanomaterials as well as new solutions to many long-lived problems in battery science and technology. In this Perspective, we highlight the most recent (2015–2017) examples across lithium, sodium and zinc battery chemistries, where nanoscale materials tailoring and design addresses the intrinsic problems and limitations at both the materials level and device level. And a few principles are generalized at the end.
The Problem of Unquantified Benefits

Many of the objections raised against the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate government regulation, especially in the environmental context, center around the difficulties involved in quantifying and monetizing regulatory benefits. These difficulties implicate deep theoretical issues that have spawned a massive literature spanning many decades. But the difficulties posed by quantification also raise a straightforward empirical question that has been largely ignored: how often and to what extent does the problem of unquantified benefits actually arise in the practice of CBA, and how often is it attributable to the more prosaic problem of inadequate data? This Article presents methods and results of an empirical study aimed at this question. The study examined forty-five CBA’s prepared by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in connection with major final rules issued between 2002 and 2015. In 80% of the CBAs analyzed, EPA excluded categories of benefits that the agency itself described as either actually or potentially “important,” “significant,” or “substantial” because they were unquantifiable due to data limitations. In order to understand the implications of these findings for the debate about CBA more generally, this Article lays out an analytic framework for understanding the role that quantification plays in CBA, detailing how significant unquantified benefits constrain the kind of CBA that can be performed, precluding more formal varieties. These results suggest that in developing environmental rules, agencies are rarely ever able to legitimately conduct formal CBA of the sort called for in the relevant executive orders and guidance documents, and that even the informal varieties of CBA they can conduct will produce only limited conclusions at best. This suggests that the connection between CBA and its normative foundations in efficiency or welfare is even more tenuous than most of its defenders have assumed, and bolsters the case for alternative tools, like feasibility and health-based
Predicting the Trajectory of Participation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Objective To identify factors that predict trajectories of participation over the first 5 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting TBI Model System Programs. Participants Community-dwelling individuals with TBI, 16 years of age or older (n = 1947). Design Secondary analysis of a prospective, nonrandomly sampled, longitudinal data registry. Main measures Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O). Results Age at injury and FIM Motor score predicted trajectory of participation over the first 5 years after moderate to severe TBI. Older age predicted generally worse participation overall as well as progressively worsening participation over time. Higher FIM Motor raised the predicted participation values, although it reduced the rate of improvement in participation scores over time. FIM Cognitive scores, race, depression, years of education, and living setting did not predict trajectory but did significantly influence participation consistently at all time points. Conclusion The trajectories of participation over the first 5 years after TBI can be predicted by age at injury and FIM Motor scores. These findings may enhance the ability of rehabilitation professionals to identify individuals at risk for poor participation after TBI and develop targeted interventions for optimizing involvement in life activities.
Cortical Mechanisms for Surface Segmentation

Physiology has shown that the neural machinery of “early vision” is well suited for extracting edges and determining orientation of contours in the visual field. However, when looking at objects in a scene our perception is not dominated by edges and contours but rather by surfaces. Previous models have attributed surface segmentation to filling-in processes, typically based on diffusion. Though diffusion related mechanisms may be important for perceptual filling-in [4], it is unclear how such mechanisms would discriminate multiple, overlapping surfaces, as might result from occlusion or transparency. For the case of occlusion, surfaces exist on either side of a boundary and the problem is not to fill-in the surfaces but to determine which surface “owns” the boundary [1][3]. This problem of boundary “ownership” can also be considered a special case of the binding problem, with a surface being “bound” to a contour.
The Status of Strings and Orchestra Programs in U.S. Schools

The purpose of this study was to monitor the status of school string and orchestra programs in the United States and to gather descriptive information in the areas of program characteristics, curri...
Correction of 3 Types of Congenital Curvatures of the Penis, Including the First Reported Case of Dorsal Curvature

AbstractHerein is described treatment of 3 patients with different types of congenital penile curvature. The first reported case of correction of congenital dorsal curvature was accomplished by longitudinal closure of transverse incisions in the dorsal tunica albuginea, thus lengthening the concave dorsal aspect of the penis. The use of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative photographs is advocated as well as the use of injected heparinized saline for penile turgidity to assess the severity of the curvature. The operation has yieldedexcellent results, and is safe and simple to perform. A familial predilection was noted in 2 patients.
Factors That Influence Parental Uncertainty and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children With Cancer: A Framework:

The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual-theoretical-empirical model addressing factors that influence the relation between parental uncertainty and health-related quality of life in children with cancer. The basic concepts identified and defined in the model include parental uncertainty, health-related quality of life, parental trait anxiety, parental depression, and perceived parental social support. The proposed relationships between the concepts are explained with explicit linkages to their empirical indicators. There is limited research in childhood cancer regarding the relation between parental uncertainty and health-related quality of life; therefore, the proposed model will help to better understand this relationship.
Grace Aguilar’s double-vision to a feminized religiosity through the Torah’s laws on inheritance and vows:

Grace Aguilar’s interpretation of the Torah’s laws on female inheritance and a daughter’s vows in her 19th-century biography of biblical women The Women of Israel sits between a proselytizing Anglo...
Dosimetric changes achieved and changes in target and parotid volumes in patients undergoing adaptive planning during chemoradiation therapy with helical delivery of treatment

Aim:Re-planning mid-treatment, with the adjustment of target volumes, has been performed as part of the normal workflow at our institution. We sought to quantify the benefit of this approach and identify factors to optimise plan adaptive strategies.Materials and methods:Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer treated to 70 Gy with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) on TomoTherapy® who underwent re-planning during the treatment were eligible. Survival and prognostic factors were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards, two-side p-value <0·05 significant.Results:Forty-two patients were identified with Stage III (n = 5), IVA (n = 34) and IVB (n = 3) [AJCC 7th] disease. Median re-planning dose was 40 Gy (14–60 Gy). Median change in mean total parotid dose was reduction of 1 Gy (range –7·5 Gy to +13·9 Gy). The volume of PTV70 and PTV60 receiving 99% of the prescribed (V99) dose was increased by 2·2% (–3·3 to +16·6%) and 1·9% (–11·5 to +12·6%) by re-planning. As a continuous variable, increasing per cent nodal regression was associated with the improved disease control in a multivariate model including stage, pack years smoking and human papilloma viral (HPV) status (HR: 0·85, 0·71–0·99, p = 0·05).Findings:Adaptive planning generates a superior plan for the majority of patients, but there is modest overall parotid gland sparing.
Redescription of the paedomorphic goby Schindleria nigropunctata Fricke & El-Regal 2017 (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Red Sea

Schindler’s fishes (Schindleria) are extremely paedomorphic and only a few morphological characters are suitable for species delimitation of these tiny fishes. Three of these key morphological characters, the (i) origin of the dorsal fin relative to the anal fin, (ii) number of vertebrae and (iii) coloration, need reinterpretation in a recently described species, Schindleria nigropunctata. To avoid nomenclatorial problems S. nigropunctata is redescribed from the type material. This species is characterized by 16–17 dorsal fin rays, 16 pectoral fin rays, origin of the anal fin ventral to the 8th dorsal fin ray, 37–38 myomeres, a uniform greyish-white colored body (preserved) and a trunk without obvious pigmentation (no black pigment spots). The eyes are dark grey with a silvery cornea. Dorsally on the cornea are blackish melanophores arranged in a sickle-shaped pattern.
Use of Fasciocutaneous and Myocutaneous Flaps in Complex Urethral Reconstruction

The management of complex urethral pathology with associated adverse local tissue environment often requires the use fasciocutaneous, muscular and myocutaneous flaps. While these complex cases are a minority of those encountered by the reconstructive urologist, it is essential to have good working knowledge of how and when to utilize these reconstructive techniques. In this chapter we will detail a variety of flaps and composite flap/graft techniques that are utilized in complex reconstruction for a variety of case scenarios. The perineal artery fasciocutaneous flap is a versatile flap that can be utilized for perineal wound coverage and also for bulbar urethral reconstruction. The gracilis muscular flap is one of the major workhorses in urologic reconstruction given its proximity to the perineum and minimal donor site morbidity related to flap harvesting. The gracilis muscle can be used to support buccal mucosal grafts and also used to fill in perineal dead space in a variety of situations. Similarly, the gluteus maximus flap, while less commonly used, is an important tool at the disposal of the reconstructive urologist. The rectus abdominus muscular and myocutaneous flaps can also be used to fill in dead space in the pelvis and perineum in select situations.
Emotion regulation difficulties in PTSD

Abstract Research on the role of emotion regulation in the development, maintenance, consequences, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has grown rapidly over the past two decades. This body of research demonstrates that PTSD is associated with an overreliance on putatively maladaptive emotion regulation strategies (e.g., emotional avoidance) and broad deficits in emotion regulation abilities (e.g., low emotional clarity). Moreover, studies demonstrate that difficulties in emotion regulation may underlie a wide variety of maladaptive behaviors commonly observed among individuals with PTSD, such as substance misuse. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the literature on emotion regulation and PTSD. The chapter first provides definitions of two prominent models of emotion regulation, followed by a brief discussion as to how these models can be integrated. We then review representative studies that show how each model of emotion regulation can be applied to PTSD. Next, we discuss a new area of research on emotion regulation and PTSD—difficulties in the regulation of positive emotions. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of treatment implications stemming from research on PTSD and emotion regulation.
Identification of regions under selection and loci controlling agronomic traits in a soft red winter wheat population.

Comprehensive information of a breeding population is a necessity to design promising crosses. This study was conducted to characterize a soft red winter wheat breeding population that was subject of intensive germplasm introductions and introgression from exotic germplasm. We used genome-wide markers and phenotypic assessment to identify signatures of selection and loci controlling agronomic traits in a soft red winter wheat population. The study of linkage disequilibrium (LD) revealed that the extent of LD and its decay varied among chromosomes with chromosomes 2B and 7D showing the most extended islands of high-LD with slow rates of decay. Four sub-populations, two with North American origin and two with Australian and Chinese origins, were identified. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures using FST and hapFLK identified 13 genomic regions under selection, of which five loci (LT, Fr-A2, Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn3) were associated with environmental adaptation and two loci were associated with disease resistance genes (Sr36 and Fhb1). Genome-wide association studies identified major loci controlling yield and yield related traits. For days to heading and plant height, major loci with effects sizes of 2.2 days and 5 cm were identified on chromosomes 7B and 6A respectively. For test weight, number of spikes per square meter, and number of kernels per square meter, large effect loci were identified on chromosomes 1A, 4B, and 5A, respectively. However, for yield alone, no major loci were detected. A combination of selection for large effect loci for yield components and genomic selection could be a promising approach for yield improvement.
Effects of pen cleaning on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed during the winter in the northern Great Plains

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of winter pen cleaning on livestock performance of beef cattle fed to finish in the northern Great Plains. To accomplish our research objective, 156 mixed-breed beef steers (284 ± 14 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to one of 12 open-lot feedyard pens for a 195 day feeding study. Treatments were assigned randomly to pen and consisted of: 1) Control - no cleaning, 2) Apron - bunk aprons cleaned twice throughout the study, and 3) Full - entirety of the pen cleaned twice throughout the study. Full pens or bunk aprons were cleaned on d 49 and 133. Pens were stocked at 30.1 m2 of pen space per steer. Steers were adapted to and finished on a common finishing diet. Fresh wheat straw was placed on bedding areas weekly, with an estimated 2.5 kg cereal straw·steer−1·d−1 used as bedding during the study. Pen cleaning did not influence (P ≥ 0.48) animal performance. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, back fat and yield grade of carcasses were not affected (P ≥ 0.44) by pen cleaning treatment. We observed that increasing extent of pen cleaning increased (P = 0.03) marbling score (444, 463, and 484 ± 11.1 for control, apron, and full, respectively). Increasing extent of pen cleaning resulted in increased (P = 0.03) quality grade of carcasses. Visual assessment of pen condition, apron score, and tag score were impacted by cleaning regimen by period interaction (P ≤ 0.01). Pen cleaning resulted in improved pen conditions or apron scores compared to control pens, and decreased tag scores compared to control steers (P
Role of Venous Access Port Cultures in the Management of Port-Related Infections.

Abstract Purpose To determine the impact of port and catheter tip cultures on the clinical management of port-related infections. Materials and Methods Patients whose ports were removed for infection between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively identified. The study sample included 68 ports removed for suspected catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) and 27 ports removed for local infection. Port surface, catheter tip, and blood culture results were recorded. Antimicrobial therapy before and after port removal was recorded. The impact of culture results on port infection management was determined. Results Of the 68 ports removed from patients with CRBSI, 78% received empiric antibiotics. Of these patients, blood cultures led to a change in therapy in 77%. Catheter tip cultures were positive in 32% whereas port surface cultures were positive in 53% of patients. Culture results did not influence antimicrobial therapy in any patient with CRBSI. Of 27 port removals performed for local infection, catheter tip cultures were positive in 41% whereas port surface cultures were positive in 59% of patients. Port surface cultures led to a change in therapy in 33% of local infections. Port surface cultures were significantly more likely to impact management if removal was performed for local infection than for CRBSI (33% vs. 0%, respectively; P Conclusions For patients with suspected CRBSI, blood cultures alone are sufficient to guide therapy. Port cultures may be justified in the setting of local infection. Catheter tip cultures are unnecessary if port surface cultures are performed.
Your Honor Knows Best: The Parental Role of Virginia Courts in Facilitating Non-Custodial Parents’ Dominance Over Primary Custodians 'In the Best Interests of the Children'

This article explores the mismanagement of Virginia Courts' application of "the best interests of the child" standard in determining whether to permit a custodial parent to relocate from the state. It conducts a multi-state survey to compare statutory factors and case law to illustrate the extraordinary burdens Virginia has placed on custodial parents attempting to make important life decisions and take advantage of opportunities for their families. By imposing numerous additional court-created obstacles that custodial parents must overcome, Virginia courts have created unjust and inconsistent outcomes, often effectively confining women to the immediate proximity of their ex-husbands or lovers and requiring them to forego any significant opportunities until their children reach adulthood.
The effects of dry needling to the thoracolumbar junction multifidi on measures of regional and remote flexibility and pain sensitivity: A randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Dry needling (DN) has been consistently shown to decrease pain sensitivity and increase flexibility local to the site of treatment, however it is unclear whether these effects are limited to the region of treatment or can be observed remote to the area of treatment. Objective To determine the immediate, short-term effects of DN to the thoracolumbar junction on regional and remote flexibility, and to observe if changes in pain sensitivity can occur remote to site of treatment. Design Double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods Fifty-four subjects with low back pain and decreased length in at least one hamstring were randomized to receive either DN or sham DN to the T12 and L1 multifidi. Participants underwent regional (fingertip-to-floor) and remote flexibility (passive knee extension, passive straight leg raise) and pressure pain threshold (PPT) testing of the upper and lower extremity before, immediately after and 1 day after treatment. ANCOVAs were used to analyze flexibility data, with the covariate of pre-treatment values. Paired t-tests were used for difference in remote pain sensitivity. Results Statistically larger improvements in regional flexibility, but not remote flexibility, were observed immediately post-treatment in those who received DN than in those receiving sham DN (p = .0495; adjusted difference 1.2, 95% CI 0.002–2.3). Differences between upper and lower extremity PPT were not significant. Conclusion DN can potentially have immediate changes in regional flexibility, but effects are not sustained at 24-h follow-up. DN may not affect remote flexibility or segmental pain sensitivity.
Iatrogenic Venous Compression Syndrome due to Surgical Lumbar Hardware

Abstract: Background: The Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is most commonly due to May-Thurner variant, an anatomic variant where in the right common iliac artery overlies the left common iliac vein and compresses it against the lumbar spine. The compression of the common venous outflow tract of the left lower extremity may cause discomfort, swelling, or deep vein thrombosis in the iliofemoral veins. The role of the pelvic surgery particularly the lumbar hardware in the development of symptomatic Venous compression syndrome in patients with May-Thurner syndrome is not well understood. The incidence is presumably very low. Herein, we present six patients who developed IVCS after Lumbar hardware. Method: The cases were diagnosed between Nov. 2016 to Oct. 2019 in the Outpatient Cath Lab of McKinney, TX. The patient’s medical records were retrospectively analyzed looking for risk factors, clinical features, venogram findings, and post venogram. The evaluation of each case was described, and common trends were later presented in a cross-case analysis.
Social Work and Political Visibility: Activism, Education and the Disciplining of Social Service

This article considers social service work as a vector from which elite and middle-class Indian women claimed gendered citizenship during the 1940s and 1950s. The article highlights the ways in whi...
Investigating the Sources of Day and Night Returns

Recent research has shown that the premiums of many popular factors are earned at different times of the day. I examine how time of day affects the performance of the Fama and French (1996) and Fama and French (2015) factor models. I find that factor models composed of nighttime returns perform significantly better in explaining average portfolio returns but models using exclusively daytime returns better explain total portfolio variance. In investigating this further I find that daytime returns are sensitive to changes in investor sentiment whereas overnight returns are dependent on macroeconomic conditions largely consistent with Daniel, Hirshleifer, and Subrahmanyam (2001). Additionally, as predicted by the theoretical literature, I find that an increase in personal consumption substantially decreases returns occurring during the daytime when investors are most active.
Hepatic Trace-mineral Concentrations in the Bovine Fetus and Neonate

Mineral deficiencies affect a variety of physiologic functions, including immunity, fetal development and metabolism. Understanding the role of mineral nutrition in animal health has prompted a need for accurate assessment and interpretation of mineral status relative to disease potential. Newer analytical technologies allow rapid measurement of multiple mineral concentrations in blood or tissue samples. Diagnostic interpretation of adult animal tissue mineral concentrations has been well defined. In contrast, diagnostic criteria for fetal and neonatal hepatic mineral concentrations are not well established. The objective of this study was to generate preliminary criteria for assessing bovine fetal and neonatal hepatic mineral concentrations.
Analyzing the Short-Term Impact of a Brief Web-Based Intervention on First-Year Students’ Sense of Belonging at an HBCU: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Sense of belonging is a basic human need, which has been consistently correlated with positive educational outcomes such as good grades, retention, and satisfaction in college. Using a quasi-experimental research design, we analyzed data from 115 respondents to assess the impact of a short video intervention on first-year students’ sense of belonging at an HBCU. Results suggest that the experimental condition was associated with elevated belonging, while the control conditions were not. Implications for future policy and practice are delineated.
uPIM: Performance-aware Online Learning Capable Processing-in-Memory

Machine learning and AI-based automated systems are gaining increasing attention for real-time intelligent applications by virtue of a superior co-ordination between the software and the hardware within these systems. Although the majority of the automated systems are implementing Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on the hardware with impressive accuracy, a significant amount of cost is associated with data movement in these platforms. Recent advancements in processing-in-memory (PIM), a non-von Neumann computing paradigm, have proven to be very effective in minimizing data communication overheads by performing computations within the memory chip. However, these devices are primarily designed as inference engines and therefore have not been adequately investigated for real-time learning capabilities for applications in changing environments. In this work, we introduce uPIM, a PIM architecture that supports a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based performance-aware online learning model for updating the weights with minimal overheads. Our hardware-software co-design approach exhibits superior performance and efficiency in real-time applications like Autonomous Navigation Systems (ANS) by leveraging massive data-level parallelism and ultra-low data movement latency. The evaluations are performed on multiple state-of-the-art deep learning networks like LeNet, AlexNet, ResNet18, 34, 50 on the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) dataset and the Belgium Traffic Sign Dataset (BTSD) with several data-precisions. The proposed performance-aware, quantization-friendly online learning based PIM architecture achieves an average accuracy of 72% for GTSRB and 83.4% for BTSD dataset under varying environment for CNNs implemented for Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR) with 8-bit fixed point data-precision.
Parallel genetic changes underlie integrated craniofacial traits in an adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes

Many factors such as divergence time, shared standing genetic variation, frequency of introgression, and mutation rates can influence the likelihood of whether populations adapt to similar environments via parallel or non-parallel genetic changes. However, the frequency of parallel vs non-parallel genetic changes resulting in phenotypic convergence is still rarely estimated. In this study, we used a QTL mapping approach to investigate the genetic basis of highly divergent craniofacial traits between scale- and snail-eating trophic specialist species across similar hypersaline lake environments in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We raised F2 intercrosses of scale- and snail-eaters from two different lake populations of sympatric specialists, estimated linkage maps, and scanned for significant QTL for 30 skeletal craniofacial and body traits. We then compared the location of QTL in each lake for each trait to determine whether convergence in this system is due primarily to parallel or non-parallel genetic changes. We found strong support for parallel genetic changes in both lakes for five traits in which we detected a significant QTL in at least one lake. However, many of these shared QTL affected different, but highly correlated craniofacial traits in each lake, suggesting that pleiotropy and trait integration should not be neglected when estimating rates of parallel evolution.We also found that shared QTL regions between lakes were six times more likely to contain at least one highly differenciated variant under selection in wild pupfish populations than the rest of the genome. We further observed a 23-52% increase in adaptive introgression within shared QTL, suggesting that introgression may be important for parallel evolution. Overall, our results suggest that the same genomic regions contribute to the convergent phenotypes of snail- and scale-eating across lakes, and that those genomic regions contain more introgressed adaptive alleles than expected by chance. We also highlight the need for more expansive searches for shared QTL when testing for parallel evolution.
Teaching Economics of Poverty Using a 'Service Learning' Approach

Over the last several years, a new concept has been introduced to college curriculum called "Service Learning". In an attempt to incorporate this concept into an Economics course, a class was created to study the "Economics of Poverty". The class drew students from all majors and combined basic economic theory, a survey of literature pertinent to poverty and an experiential learning experience. During the last phase, students volunteered in a variety of assignments, which exposed them to individuals and families living on the margins of society. Since this course was new, expectations for the class were guarded. The surprising result was a profound impact on the students and a vivid example of the power that "Service Learning" has to change lives.