cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual self-reported items are not accurate markers for a history of chronic periodontitis.

Original Article Dietrich T, Stosch U, Dietrich D, Schamberger D, Bernimoulin JP, Joshipura K, et al. The accuracy of individual self-reported items to determine periodontal disease history. Eur J Oral Sci 2005;113(2):135-40. Level of Evidence 2b Purpose/Question The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of individual self-completed questionnaire items on periodontitis signs, symptoms, history, and perceptions as markers for radiographic alveolar bone loss. Source of Funding US Government Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional study
Distributed control parallelism in multidisciplinary aircraft design

Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) for large-scale engineering problems poses many challenges (e.g., the design of an efficient concurrent paradigm for global optimization based on disciplinary analyses, expensive computations over vast data sets, etc.) This work focuses on the application of distributed schemes for massively parallel architectures to MDO problems, as a tool for reducing computation time and solving larger problems. The specific problem considered here is configuraton optimization of a high speed civil transport (HSCT), and the efficient parallelization of the embedded paradigm for reasonable design space identification. Two distributed dynamic load balancing techniques (random polling and global round robin with message combining) and two necessary termination detection schemes (global task count and token passing) were implemented and evaluated in terms of effectiveness and scalability to large problem sizes and a thousand processors. The effect of certain parameters on execution time was also inspected. Empirical results demonstrated stable performance and effectiveness for all schemes, and the parametric study showed that the selected algorithmic parameters have a negligible effect on performance.
Effects of impounding coastal salt marsh for mosquito control on microcrustacean populations

Populations of microcrustaceans were studied for 24 months in two New Jersey high salt marsh impoundments, and in three separate 14 month studies of high salt marsh pools in northeastern Massachusetts.
Some steps in the assembly of bacteriophage T4

Abstract Studies are reported on the properties and in vitro assembly of bacteriophage T4 components that accumulate in mutant-infected cells under restrictive conditions. On the basis of these and earlier observations, a pathway for the assembly of T4 is proposed. It is concluded that the assembly of T4 occurs in stepwise fashion and that most of the steps are under gene control. Components that accumulate in mutant-infected cells are, in general, the precursors to the blocked step. The head, tail and fibers of the phage are assembled independently of one another prior to their union. Genes 16 and 18 control the assembly of the sheath on a precursor tail consisting of core plus baseplate. Genes 13 and 14 control a terminal step in the assembly of the head prior to its union to the tail. This union seems to be spontaneous and not under gene control. Genes 11 and 12 control early steps in tail assembly. When gene 11 or 12 is defective, however, these steps are bypassed, leading to the formation of inactive phage particles.
Intakes of caffeine, coffee and tea and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results from five cohort studies

Caffeine is thought to be neuroprotective by antagonizing the adenosine A2A receptors in the brain and thereby protecting motor neurons from excitotoxicity. We examined the association between consumption of caffeine, coffee and tea and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Longitudinal analyses based on over 1,010,000 males and females in five large cohort studies (the Nurses' Health Study, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, the Multiethnic Cohort Study, and the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study). Cohort-specific multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimates of ALS incidence or death were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression and pooled using random-effects models. Results showed that a total of 1279 cases of ALS were documented during a mean of 18 years of follow-up. Caffeine intake was not associated with ALS risk; the pooled multivariable-adjusted RR comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of intake was 0.96 (95% CI 0.81-1.16). Similarly, neither coffee nor tea was associated with ALS risk. In conclusion, the results of this large study do not support associations of caffeine or caffeinated beverages with ALS risk.
Differentiation-specific regulation of transgene expression in a diploid epithelial cell line derived from the normal F344 rat liver

To establish the differentiation potential of progenitor cells, non-parenchymal epithelial cells from the F344 rat liver (FNRL cells) were studied. These cells reacted with the OV-6 antibody marker of oval cells, but were negative for hepatocyte markers (albumin, transferrin, glycogen, glucose-6-phosphatase, H4 antigen), biliary markers (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, cytokeratin-19), and alpha-fetoprotein, although exposure to sodium butyrate induced nascent albumin and alpha-fetoprotein mRNA transcription. When stably transduced, FNRL cells expressed a retroviral promotor-driven lacZ reporter in vitro, similar to transgene expression in hepatocyte-derived HepG2 cells. However, lacZ expression in FNRL cells was rapidly extinguished in intact animals, whereas the reporter remained active in HepG2 cells. Transplanted FNRL cells showed copious glucose-6-phosphatase expression; however, the cell differentiation programme remained incomplete, despite two-thirds partial hepatectomy, D-galactosamine treatment or bile duct ligation. Interestingly, lacZ expression resumed in cultures of FNRL cells explanted from recipients. Moreover, lacZ expression was down-regulated by gamma-interferon in FNRL cells, without affecting lacZ activity in HepG2 cells. The data indicate that although subpopulations of oval cells may not fully differentiate into mature hepatocytes, these cells might serve critical functions, such as glucose utilization, and help survival after liver injury. Also, introduced genes may be regulated in progenitor cells at multiple levels, including by interactions between regulatory sequences, differentiation-specific cellular factors, and extracellular signals; in vivo studies are thus especially important for analysing gene regulation in progenitor cells.
The outcome of research training during surgical residency.

Background/purpose. Graduates of a university surgical residency program were surveyed to identify the timing of specialty selection and the impact that studying in a research laboratory had on subsequent acceptance into a fellowship program. Methods. Between 1975 and 1990, 86 residents completed general surgery training at UCLA Medical Center. A survey was sent to all graduates to determine the focus of their previous laboratory research and when they selected their eventual surgical specialty. Responses were received from 67 of the 86 graduates (78%). Results. Forty-eight of the sixty-seven respondents (72%) took one or more years of surgical research during residency. Postresidency fellowship training was selected by 55 of 67 (82%); 50 applied to fewer than five programs; 49 of 55 (89%) received one of their top three choices. Twenty-seven of the sixty-seven residents pursued an academic career (40%). Residents who performed at least 2 years of research were more likely to become academicians (53%) than residents who did 1 year or less of research (22%). Only 39 of 67 residents (58%) had selected a specialty after 2 years of clinical training; 28 more made the selection after the third clinical year. All residents interested in cardiac surgery (n = 18) or plastic surgery (n = 4) prior to research were accepted into fellowships in those specialities, whereas only 37% of those who had an interest in other fields pursued the same specialty (P < 0.0001). Residents performing research in general surgery (n = 9), surgical oncology (n = 18), cardiac surgery (n = 14), and plastic surgery (n = 3) were more likely to practice in that specialty than those doing research in other specialty laboratories. Conclusions. General surgery residents performing research in a specialty laboratory are likely to pursue fellowship training relating to that field. Those who select a career in cardiac or plastic surgery prior to research are most likely to enter into these fields as their eventual specialty. Residents who perform 2 or more years of laboratory research publish more papers and often pursue an academic career.
Sonochemistry in Environmental Remediation. 2. Heterogeneous Sonophotocatalytic Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Pollutants in Water

Recent advances in advanced oxidation technologies for applications in environmental remediation involve the use of acoustic cavitation. Cavitation is the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of gas- or vapor-filled microbubbles formed from acoustical wave-induced compression/rarefaction in a body of liquid. Cavitation is effective in treating most liquid-phase pollutants but it is highly energy intensive and not economical or practically feasible when used alone. One of the most interesting topics in the recent advances in environmental sonochemistry is the intensification of the ultrasonic degradation process by coupling ultrasound with other types of energy, chemical oxidants, or photocataysts. In Part II of this series, a critical review of the applications of ultrasound in environmental remediation focusing on the simultaneous or hybrid use of ultrasonic irradiation and photocatalysis in aqueous solutions, namely, sonophotocatalytic oxidation processes, is presented.
A temperature equation for coupled atomistic/continuum simulations

Abstract We present a simple method for calculating a continuum temperature field directly from a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Using the idea of a projection matrix previously developed for use in the bridging scale, we derive a continuum temperature equation which only requires information that is readily available from MD simulations, namely the MD velocity, atomic masses and Boltzmann constant. As a result, the equation is valid for usage in any coupled finite element (FE)/MD simulation. In order to solve the temperature equation in the continuum where an MD solution is generally unavailable, a method is utilized in which the MD velocities are found at arbitrary coarse scale points by means of an evolution function. The evolution function is derived in closed form for a 1D lattice, and effectively describes the temporal and spatial evolution of the atomic lattice dynamics. It provides an accurate atomistic description of the kinetic energy dissipation in simulations, and its behavior depends solely on the atomic lattice geometry and the form of the MD potential. After validating the accuracy of the evolution function to calculate the MD variables in the coarse scale, two 1D examples are shown, and the temperature equation is shown to give good agreement to MD simulations.
The science of administration, the founders, and theories of political association

Drawing on the work of Michael Oakeshott, this paper seeks to examine the theory of political association underlying Luther Gulick and L. Urwick's Papers on the Science of Administration and to contrast this theory with that underlying the Constitution. It is argued that the authors of the Papers clearly viewed the state as a form of purposive association whereas the Founders of the Constitution in large part saw the state as a form of civil association. This explains the difficulties that reformers such as Gulick faced in realizing their vision of administration within our constitutional framework. Luther Gulick and L. Urwick's Papers on the Science of Administration (1) represent one of the most important attempts at a synthesis of doctrines in the field of public administration prior to World War II. While the Papers exhibit a variety of approaches and views, they are best known for those authors who, like Gulick and Urwick themselves, took a more classical approach to administration. Such an approach ...
LINEAR SPACES AND LINEAR-INVARIANT FAMILIES OF LOCALLY UNIVALENT ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS*

Let X be the set of functions f analytic in the unit disk D with derivatives f′(z)≠0 in D, that satisfy the growth restriction f″(z)/f′(z)=0((1−|z|)−1 (z∈D). The set X is equipped with a normed linear space structure. The topological structure of X and its relationship with linear-invariant families of locally univalent functions is investigated.
The Missing Linker: An Unexpected Role for a Histone Deacetylase

Molecular motors are the long-haul carriers of eukaryotic cells, moving cargos bidirectionally along microtubule tracks. In the December 12th issue of Cell, Kawaguchi and colleagues (2003) report that HDAC6, a tubulin deacetylase, functions as an adaptor that links cargos of aggregated protein to the minus end-directed motor, cytoplasmic dynein.
Error Estimation and Control for ODEs

This article is about the numerical solution of initial value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations. At first these problems were solved with a fixed method and constant step size, but nowadays the general-purpose codes vary the step size, and possibly the method, as the integration proceeds. Estimating and controlling some measure of error by variation of step size/method inspires some confidence in the numerical solution and makes possible the solution of hard problems. Common ways of doing this are explained briefly in the article
Accelerating the EM algorithm by smoothing: A special case

Abstract The standard em (estimate, maximize) algorithm exhibits very slow convergence. In the special test case where the underlying positive linear system has a unique solution, we describe two iterations, based on adaptively choosing the smoothing in the ems (estimate, maximize, smooth) algorithm, which accelerate the convergence of the em algorithm. The resulting algorithms, called adaptive ems (a-ems) algorithms, thus overcome the inaccuracy of ems while retaining its more rapid convergence and reduced overall computational cost.
The Factory as a Social Service Organization: Goal Displacement in Workshops for the Blend

This paper describes the process of goal displacement which has occurred in sheltered workshops for the blind, and analyzes the impact which it has had on two factors in this welfare system. The first concerns the effect which goal displacement has had upon blind workers and the whole employment program for the blind generally. The second concerns the ideologies which workers for the blind maintain about the capacities and desires of blind persons to work in commercial settings, and of the receptivity of sighted persons to hiring the blind.
Thermally reversible polymeric sorbents for acid gases. III. CO2-sorption enhancement in polymer-anchored amines

Abstract A series of styrene copolymers grafted with alkyldiamines have been synthesized using a styrene-covinylbenzylchloride copolymer precursor. The chain length n of the aliphatic spacer was varied from 2 to 10 (1,10-diaminodecane), using commercially available aliphatic diamines. Of this group, 1,4-diaminobutane-functional copolymers ( n = 4) were found to exhibit maximum CO 2 -sorption capacity. Further, measurement of the decomposition temperature of the CO 2 -polymer adducts showed a higher thermal stability for polymers functionalized with t 1,4-diaminobutane, which seems to support the hypothesis of a cooperative binding of CO 2 .
Survival of the Synesthesia Gene: Why Do People Hear Colors and Taste Words?

Synesthesia is a perceptual experience in which stimuli presented through one modality will spontaneously evoke sensations in an unrelated modality. The condition occurs from increased communication between sensory regions and is involuntary, automatic, and stable over time. While synesthesia can occur in response to drugs, sensory deprivation, or brain damage, research has largely focused on heritable variants comprising roughly 4% of the general population. Genetic research on synesthesia suggests the phenomenon is heterogeneous and polygenetic, yet it remains unclear whether synesthesia ever provided a selective advantage or is merely a byproduct of some other useful selected trait. Progress in uncovering the genetic basis of synesthesia will help us understand why synesthesia has been conserved in the population.
Potentiometric determination of equivalent weight of ortho-substituted benzonitriles☆

Abstract Two potentiometric procedures are described for the titrimetric determination of the equivalent weight of ortho -substituted benzonitriles. The methods are simple, accurate, and applicable to compounds which otherwise cannot be determined by titration. The procedures are not restricted to ortho -substituted benzonitriles and are generally applicable to nitriles in general, all of which readily undergo the amidoximation reaction. In addition, these methods can be performed using readily available, inexpensive equipment found in all laboratories.
Gender differences in emotional support and depressive symptoms among adolescents: A prospective analysis

Investigated components of perceived emotional support, including support from family members, nonfamily adults, and peers, as predictors of depressive symptoms in a sample of 333 high school students (age 14-18) using a prospective design. Analyses of panel questionnaire data at two points in time suggest there are significant gender differences both in the quality of perceived support reported by adolescents and in the importance of support variables as predictors of depressive symptoms. Although there are no gender differences in the magnitude of perceived support from family members, girls report higher emotional support from both nonfamily adults and peers than boys report. Simple correlations between family support and depression are significantly stronger for girls than for boys. Results of hierarchical regression analyses, controlling for initial level of symptoms, reveal that whereas both nonfamily adult and friend components of perceived support are significant predictors of changes in symptoms for girls, none of these variables significantly predicts changes in symptoms for boys in this sample. In addition, initial symptoms predict changes in family support for girls but not for boys.
On the dynamics of the East African Jet. II: Jet transients

Abstract A barotropic, primitive equation model on an equatorial beta plane is used to investigate the transient behavior of the East African jet. Both analytic and numerical solutions provide insight into the jet response to a diurnal fluctuation in the friction coefficient over land and to temporal variations in the upstream (eastward) and southern boundary forcings. Results indicate that the diurnal variation in the strength of the surface drag over land can account for the observed increase in the speed and westward shift of the jet core during the night. The observed large variations in the meridional wind just offshore and in the zonal wind field are not explained by the theory. In contrast to the diurnal variations in the finestructure of the jet, time-dependent variations in the upstream and southern boundary forcings can produce changes in the large-scale features of the jet. For either type of transient perturbation, the change in the jet speed can be significant and may explain the observed jet...
Distribution of mitochondrial enzymes between the perikaryal and synaptic fractions of immature and adult rat brain

Abstract 1. The subcellular distribution of mitochondrial enzymes was studied in cerebral hemispheres of 15-day-old and adult rats. At both ages the synaptosomal fraction contained very little glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.2) but significant amounts of succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1), glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2), hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), malate NADP dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40) and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30). In immature brain, in the fraction enriched with free (perikaryal) mitochondria, the concentrations of these enzymes were 9.5, 1.8, 2.0, 0.92, 1.5. and 2.1 times higher, respectively, than in the synaptosomes. The increase with age in succinate dehydrogenase and glutaminase was restricted to free mitochondria while hexokinase and malate NADP dehydrogenase accumulated and β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase diminished in both fractions. In adult brain, too, where the above ratios became 7.5, 5.2, 3.5, 0.84, 1.4, and 2.0, respectively, the concentrations of enzymes relative to each other distinguished clearly between free and synaptic mitochondria. 2. The results substantiate previously noted signs of mitochondrial heteroeneity in adult brain, and extend them to immature brain. The chemical composition, the quantitative pattern of enzymes, of free and synaptic mitochondria is clearly different, and undergoes separate changes during postnatal differentiation.
Determination of β-lactoglobulin in complex systems by a simple immunological procedure.

Abstract A simple method, based on immunological procedures described originally by Oudin, has been developed to quantitate the amount of β -lactoglobulin present in complex systems. The solution containing β -lactoglobulin is allowed to diffuse into an agar layer containing antisera to the β -lactoglobulin. The distance of this migration, as measured by the formation of a turbid zone in the tube, is proportional to the β -lactoglobulin concentration. The usable range of the method is about 10–80μg/ml. Since milk contains about 2,500μg/ml of β -lactoglobulin, dilution is the only sample preparation required for milk and liquid milk products. The β -lactoglobulin in solid materials must first be solubilized in a suitable tissue homogenizer. A concentration procedure is also described with which it has been possible to determine less than 1μg/ml of β -lactoglobulin in a complex nutrient medium used to maintain bovine mammary secretory cells in laboratory culture and containing levels of other proteins up to ten-thousand times more concentrated than the β -lactoglobulin.
Seasonal changes in pelagic fish biomass around the Chiswell Island Steller sea lion rookery in 2003

Abstract Fisheries acoustics surveys were conducted around the Chiswell Island rookery in the northern Gulf of Alaska at night in April and August 2003 to assess seasonal changes in prey available to Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus ) foraging around the rookery. Adult walleye pollock ( Theragra chalcogramma ) ≥28 cm fork length was the dominant biomass in the upper 50 m of the water column in both months, increasing from 122.8 kg/nmi 2 in April to 457.9 kg/nmi 2 in August. A similar pattern was observed for Pacific herring ( Clupea pallasii ), which averaged 2.8 and 65.6 kg/nmi 2 in April and August, respectively. Incidental trawl catch suggested the appearance of age-0 pollock and juvenile salmonids ( Oncorhynchus spp.) around the rookery in August as well. The increased biomass of these key prey species is linked to increased foraging trip durations by lactating sea lions from Chiswell Island, and supports the general view that sea lions in the northern Gulf of Alaska are not food limited during summer months.
Nitric Oxide Alters Human Microvascular Endothelial Cell Response to Cyclic Strain.

Background: Nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet function, is elaborated constitutively by endothelial cells through the oxidation of L-arginine by endo thelial NO synt...
The effect of landscape and hydrologic variables on the prehistoric Salado: Geoarchaeological investigations in the Tonto Basin, Arizona

Geoarchaeological investigations in the Tonto Basin, Arizona provide insights into the Classic period Salado occupation from A.D. 1150 to 1450. Geomorphic reconstructions show that the Salado pursued irrigation agriculture on an intermediate Holocene terrace that was protected from flooding, while permanent settlements were located on stable Pleistocene landforms overlooking the field areas. Carrying-capacity-based calculations show that the population during the Classic period numbered in the low thousands. The development and subsequent cultural changes during the Classic period are tied to streamflow variations and cultural factors. The final abandonment of the Tonto Basin around A.D. 1450 is not the result of a major landscape change, but instead is linked to high frequency hydrologic variations that influenced food production coupled with cultural factors. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thyroid Ultrasound in Dogs: a Review

This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasonography in the two most frequent thyroid pathologies of the dog: thyroid neoplasia and acquired primary hypothyroidism. Although ultrasonography and nuclear medicine are routine imaging modalities for the investigation of thyroid disease in dogs and cats, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are gaining increasing popularity. Both of these latter modalities are especially useful in staging thyroid neoplasia.
Environmental Significance of Anthocyanins in Plant Stress Responses

Abstract— Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in all plant tissues throughout the plant kingdom. Our understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and its molecular control has greatly improved in the last decade. The adaptive advantages of anthocyanins, especially in non-reproductive tissues, is much less clear. Anthocyanins often appear transiently at specific developmental stages and may be induced by a number of environmental factors including visible and UVB radiation, cold temperatures and water stress. The subsequent production and localization of anthocyanins in root, stem and especially leaf tissues may allow the plant to develop resistance to a number of environmental stresses. This article reviews the environmental induction of anthocyanins and their proposed importance in ameliorating environmental stresses induced by visible and UVB radiation, drought and cold temperatures.
Dielectric Performance of Vacuum Interrupters after Switching

Vacuum interrupters are widely used in power distribution systems and have proven their outstanding reliability in service for medium voltage applications up to 40.5kV. The IEC or ANSI standard requires a power frequency voltage withstand of an interrupter mounted in a breaker of at least 80% [1] of the rated value after type testing. Nevertheless there is an ever increasing demand from several markets that have additional requirements as full power frequency or even full lightning impulse withstand after switching operations. In this paper we will present the results of an investigation on the evolution of the dielectric performance of commercial and prototype interrupters after short circuit interruption to an internal test procedure. The results will be compared with full scale short circuit interruption tests according to the IEC short circuit type tests and electrical endurance E2 [2,3] of interrupters for rated voltages up to 40,5kV.
Robotic sampling, in situ monitoring and molecular detection of marine zooplankton

Recent advances in robotic technologies provide new opportunities to conduct high-resolution sampling of patchily distributed zooplankton and associated environmental variables. We used two robots and molecular probes to assess the temporal and spatial variability of zooplankton in water samples obtained from Monterey Bay, California. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) Dorado is a mobile platform that carries ten, 1.8-L bottles ("Gulpers") capable of rapidly acquiring discrete seawater samples, and an extensive sensor suite for gathering contextual environmental data during day-long expeditions. Molecular assays were conducted ex situ at a shore-based laboratory. In contrast, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) was deployed as a stationary (moored) device capable of repeatedly “sipping” water to conduct in situ molecular assays and record environmental data during month-long deployments. Molecular analyses were conducted with the sandwich hybridization assay (SHA), which employed 18S ribosomal RNA oligonucleotide probes designed to detect calanoid and podoplean copepods, and the larvae of barnacles, mussels, polychaete worms, brachyuran crabs, and invasive green crabs (Carcinus maenas). Both the stationary and mobile sampling protocols revealed the greatest zooplankton diversity and abundance in relatively warm waters, higher in chlorophyll and lower in salinity and nitrate. Diversity and abundance were least in recently upwelled waters with the inverse conditions. High-resolution sampling revealed that while calanoid copepods were generally associated with elevated chlorophyll, they were most abundant in upwelling fronts, in some cases. These narrow features appear to provide favorable conditions for the growth and aggregation of certain zooplankton.
Ferroptosis as a p53-mediated activity during tumour suppression

Although p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis serve as critical barriers to cancer development, emerging evidence suggests that the metabolic activities of p53 are also important. Here we show that p53 inhibits cystine uptake and sensitizes cells to ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death, by repressing expression of SLC7A11, a key component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter. Notably, p53(3KR), an acetylation-defective mutant that fails to induce cell-cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis, fully retains the ability to regulate SLC7A11 expression and induce ferroptosis upon reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Analysis of mutant mice shows that these non-canonical p53 activities contribute to embryonic development and the lethality associated with loss of Mdm2. Moreover, SLC7A11 is highly expressed in human tumours, and its overexpression inhibits ROS-induced ferroptosis and abrogates p53(3KR)-mediated tumour growth suppression in xenograft models. Our findings uncover a new mode of tumour suppression based on p53 regulation of cystine metabolism, ROS responses and ferroptosis.
Simultaneous testing of the heparin effect on the soluble phase and platelet component of hemostasis.

ABSTRACT Background This study assessed the anticoagulant effect of heparin on both platelet activity and soluble phase coagulation. Methods and Results Blood samples were collected from 32 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization before and 5 minutes after a heparin injection (2000 U). Activated clotting time (ACT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and whole blood platelet aggregation [adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen] were compared with the flow device variables platelet hemostasis time (PHT) and collagen-induced thrombus formation (CITF). Before heparin, all patients had a normal aPTT and all but 1 had a normal ACT. After heparin, all patients showed a prolonged aPTT and ACT. In contrast, the flow device showed considerable variability after heparin. Only 47% of patients increased both PHT and CITF above the upper limit of normal, and 13% did not prolong either. After heparin, enhanced platelet aggregation to ADP and collagen occurred in 53% and 63% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Although patients seem to have an anticoagulant effect after heparin based on ACT and aPTT results, the flow device identified a lack of any hemostatic impairment in 25 to 41% of patients. These findings probably reflect the variable effect of heparin on platelet function and may explain the poor heparin effect or, alternatively, the excessive bleeding after heparin administration that occurs in some patients.
Gene Therapy Using Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Sisyphus Approaches the Crest

Gene transfer targeting cells of the blood and immune system was one of the first areas of investigation in the field of gene therapy. Despite the encouraging results achieved in early studies using murine bone marrow, the task of gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells proved to be far more difficult. As a result, progress has been disappointingly slow and initial clinical trials generally failed to achieve significant levels of gene marking. The continued application of new advances in vectorology and hematopoietic stem cell biology has now led to improvements in preclinical models that are being translated into clinical trials. The progress and remaining problems are discussed in this review article.
Evoking the World of Poetic Nonfiction Picture Books

An increasingly prevalent and accessible form of hybrid nonfiction picture books blends factual information with poetry or poetic devices to create literary nonfiction. This important form of hybrid text has been sparsely examined. This article addresses three questions about poetic nonfiction picture books: first, how might we categorize picture books that represent this hybrid text?; second, by what criteria might we evaluate the quality of these books?; third, based in Rosenblatt’s concept of reader’s stance, how might we read these books? The author develops a typology of six categories along a continuum from poetry to narrative or expository prose. He examines well-established criteria in the fields of picture books, children’s nonfiction, and poetry that can apply to poetic nonfiction picture books. He argues that in the best of these books, the poetry or poetic devices are synergistic with the content and raise the overall reading experience. The author also argues that, depending where along the continuum each of these books is located, a reader’s stance moves along the continuum of efferent to aesthetic experience. All these books demand a dynamic and recursive reading process. He suggests ways to work with teachers to teach deep readings of these books.
Influence of the diversion of Bear River into Bear Lake (Utah and Idaho) on the environment of deposition of carbonate minerals

Bear River, the largest river in the Great Basin, had some of its flow diverted into Bear Lake through a series of canals constructed between 1911 and 1918, turning Bear Lake into a reservoir. The prediversion lake had an unusually high Mg2+ :C a2+ ratio (38 by weight), which resulted in precipitation of CaCO3 as aragonite. The amount and mineralogy of the carbonate did not change immediately after the diversion, but during the middle of the 20th century, high-Mg calcite began to precipitate. In contrast, at the time of diversion there were very distinct changes in the isotopic composition of the carbonate that clearly define the time of diversion within the sediments. Sedimenttrap studies show that the CaCO3 polymorph that precipitates in the epilimnion of the lake today is high-Mg calcite. Samples in sediment traps placed 2 m above the bottom of the lake in 45 m of water (bottom traps) contain predominantly aragonite and quartz, with lesser amounts of high-Mg and low-Mg calcite and dolomite. Isotopic evidence from the sediments shows that the aragonite that accumulated in the bottom sediment traps and that constitutes the bulk of postdiversion sediments is reworked and redistributed from shallow sites to deep sites.
Three-dimensional model acquisition for medical robotics-assisted burn debridement system

Abstract This paper discusses the principles for the acquisition of a three-dimensional (3-D) computational model of the treatment area of a burn victim for a vision-servo-guided robot which ablates the victim's burned skin tissue by delivering a high-energy laser light to the burned tissue. The medical robotics assistant system consists of: a robot whose end effector is equipped with a laser head, whence the laser beam emanates, and a vision system which is used to acquire the 3-D coordinates of some points on the body surface; 3-D surface modeling routines for generating the surface model of the treatment area; and control and interface hardware and software for control and integration of all the system components. Discussion of the vision and surface modeling component of the medical robotics assistant system is the focus of this paper. The robot-assisted treatment process has two phases: an initial survey phase during which a model of the treatment area on the skin is built and used to plan an appropriate trajectory for the robot in the subsequent phase—the treatment phase, during which the laser surgery is performed. During the survey phase, the vision system employs a camera to acquire points on the surface of the patient's body by using the camera to capture the contour traced by a plane of light generated by a low power laser, distinct from the treatment laser. The camera's image is then processed. Selected points on the camera's two-dimensional image frame are used as input to a process that generates 3-D body surface points as the intersection point of the plane of light and the line of sight between the camera's image point and the body surface point. The acquired body surface points are then used to generate a computational model of the treatment area using the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) surface modeling technique. The constructed NURBS surface model is used to generate a treatment plan for the execution of the treatment phase. The robot plan for treatment is discussed in another paper. The prototype of the entire burn treatment system is at an advanced stage of development and tests of the engineering principles on inanimate objects, discussed herein, are being conducted.
The Unintended Consequences of Being Friendly: A Case Study

Baby-friendly certification recognizes hospitals that promote early physical bonding between mother and infant, immediately after birth. Most births can accomplish physical bonding without increased risk to mother or infant. When mother or infant have complications and each have intravenous (i.v.) lines and are receiving medications, the physical bonding post-birth may also inadvertently put the patients at risk. A baby-friendly community hospital in New England found that early bonding put an infant at higher risk for medication error when the two i.v. lines were not properly identified and the infant received a medication intended for the mother. The growing body of literature on i.v. medication safety does not address this particular type of error, and this was an error that technology would not have prevented. The "5 rights" of medication safety are not as effective as physical separation of the two individuals during medication administration. A brief separation does not diminish bonding, and the practice has prevented subsequent errors.
Uncertain volatility and the risk-free synthesis of derivatives

To price contingent claims in a multidimensional frictionless security market it is sufficient that the volatility of the security process is a known function of price and time. In this note we introduce optimal and risk-free strategies for intermediaries in such markets to meet their obligations when the volatility is unknown, and is only assumed to lie in some convex region depending on the prices of the underlying securities and time. Our approach is underpinned by the theory of totally non-linear parabolic partial differential equations (Krylov and Safanov, 1979; Wang, 1992) and the non-stochastic approach to Ito's formation first introduced by Follmer (1981a,b). In these more general conditions of unknown volatility, the optimal risk-free trading strategy will, necessarily, produce an unpredictable surplus over the minimum assets required at any time to meet the liabilities. This surplus, which could be released to the intermediary or to the client, is not required to meet the contingent claim. One s...
A novel approach for assessing reliability of ICA for FMRI analysis

Independent component analysis (ICA) has proven quite useful for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, stability of ICA decompositions is an issue in ICA of fMRI analysis primarily due to the noisy nature of fMRI data and the iterative nature of algorithms. In this work, we present an approach that utilizes an objective criterion and that is particularly suitable for image analysis to select the best of multiple ICA runs to use for further analysis and inference. In addition, a growing number of studies are focusing on the decomposition of single subject data and/or using high ICA model order, which both require an effective way to align components obtained from different ICA runs. In this paper, while presenting a method that provides superior performance in selecting the best run and interpreting the statistical reliability of ICA estimates, we also address the component sorting issue. Both simulated and real fMRI results show that our method selects more useful ICA runs than those selected by the widely used ICASSO software and that it is a more objective and better motivated approach to evaluate results and hence a promising tool for ICA analysis of fMRI data.
The influence of role conflict and self-interest on lying in organizations

The self-interest paradigm predicts that unethical behavior occurs when such behavior benefits the actor. A recent model of lying behavior, however, predicts that lying behavior results from an individual's inability to meet conflicting role demands. The need to reconcile the self-interest and role conflict theories prompted the present study, which orthogonally manipulated the benefit from lying and the conflicting role demands. A model integrating the two theories predicts the results, which showed that both elements — self benefit and role conflict — influenced lying, separately and interactively. Additionally, the relative strength of the roles in conflict affected their level of influence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Small-scale transition in a plane mixing layer

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the generation process of random small-scale turbulence in an originally laminar mixing layer. The evolutions of the two types of deterministic structures, the spanwise and streamwise vortices, were first clarified in order to determine their roles in the transition process. A scaling rule for the streamwise distance from the trailing edge of the splitter plate to the vortex merging position was found for various velocity ratios. After this stremwise lengthscale was determined, it became clear that the spanwise wavelength of the streamwise vortices doubled after the merging of the spanwise structures which nominally doubled streamwise wavelengths. The most interesting finding was that the random small-scale eddies were produced by the interactions between the merging spanwise structures and the streamwise vortices.
Positron binding to alcohol molecules

Results are presented for positron binding to a selection of molecules containing the hydroxyl functional group. These molecules, which span in the range of carbon atoms from 1 (methanol) to 4 (1-butanol), have moderate permanent dipole moments ranging from about 1.4 to 2.4?D. The dependence of the binding energy on the magnitude of the molecular dipole polarizability and static dipole moment is studied. An effect that appears to be due to the localization of the bound positron is discussed.
A numerical method for predicting seismic-induced impact between subassemblies in LMFBR cores

Abstract Structural problems that incorporate impact usually require small time steps for numerical integration and, consequently, solutions are very expensive. Since impact is one of the basic phenomena involved in any study of fast breeder reactor cores subjected to seismic disturbances, it is imperative that simplified models be introduced to make safety studies economically feasible. An approach is proposed in this paper whereby just the magnitude of each impulse and not the history of the impact force is determined for each impact. The consequence of the procedure is that the maximum time step is governed by system parameters and not by a detailed characteristic of the contact region such as an equivalent contact spring. The concepts are developed with the use of a single-degree-of-freedom model and the approach is applied to a three-assembly model of a reactor core. To obtain a solution, it is shown that the proposed direct approach may result in computer time that is less by an order of magnitude then the time required by the more conventional contact spring and gap element method.
Comparative Analysis of Viral Gene Expression Programs during Poxvirus Infection: A Transcriptional Map of the Vaccinia and Monkeypox Genomes

Background: Poxviruses engage in a complex and intricate dialogue with host cells as part of their strategy for replication. However, relatively little molecular detail is available with which to understand the mechanisms behind this dialogue. Methodology/Principal Findings: We designed a specialized microarray that contains probes specific to all predicted ORFs in the Monkeypox Zaire (MPXV) and Vaccinia Western Reserve (VACV) genomes, as well as .18,000 human genes, and used this tool to characterize MPXV and VACV gene expression responses in vitro during the course of primary infection of human monocytes, primary human fibroblasts and HeLa cells. The two viral transcriptomes show distinct features of temporal regulation and species-specific gene expression, and provide an early foundation for understanding global gene expression responses during poxvirus infection. Conclusions/Significance: The results provide a temporal map of the transcriptome of each virus during infection, enabling us to compare viral gene expression across species, and classify expression patterns of previously uncharacterized ORFs.
An analytical and experimental study of procedures for designing structures for vibration environments.

The various methods in common use for applying vibration loads to space vehicle structural design are evaluated for compatibility with static design procedures, reliability assurance requirements, and current knowledge of material behavior. The advantages of a static-equivalent load approach are shown. Experimental programs showed the feasibility of this method for simple structures, and defined the optimum relationships between root-meansquare loading and static design levels, as a function of material and required life. Application of the static equivalent approach to random specifications is demonstrated. The essential result of the study was an indication of acceptable accuracy in using the static-equivalent load approach to achieve required lifetimes under random vibration.
A multi-stage model of choice incorporating reference prices

Most empirical choice models specify simple structures with marketing mix and household descriptors as independent variables and some measure of brand choice as the dependent variable. However, these models are not consistent with buyer behavior models that posit some type of multi-stage choice process with consumers moving through various stages such as perceptions and preferences. In this paper, a multi-stage model incorporating preference measures and reference prices is specified and estimated using consumer scanner panel data featuring household-level advertising exposure measures. Preference is estimated using scaling procedures recently shown to be effective with choice data. The results show empirical support for the model as preferences and reference prices impact household choice shares.