cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cloud Droplet Size Distributions in Low-Level Stratiform Clouds

Abstract A database of stratus cloud droplet (diameter <50 μm) size distribution parameters, derived from in situ data reported in the existing literature, was created, facilitating intercomparison among datasets and quantifying typical values and their variability. From the datasets, which were divided into marine and continental groups, several parameters are presented, including the total number concentration, effective diameter, mean diameter, standard deviation of the droplet diameters about the mean diameter, and liquid water content, as well as the parameters of modified gamma and lognormal distributions. In light of these results, the appropriateness of common assumptions used in remote sensing of cloud droplet size distributions is discussed. For example, vertical profiles of mean diameter, effective diameter, and liquid water content agreed qualitatively with expectations based on the current paradigm of cloud formation. Whereas parcel theory predicts that the standard deviation about the mean d...
Categorizing September 11

This article discusses the problems of categorizing and coding the casualties associated with the September 11, 2001 attack. How the losses of lives are categorized the loss of lives is a vital issue, especially for the Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI). The FBI is the U.S. government agency responsible for the collection and production of national crime statistics. Each year, the FBI releases the Uniform Crime Report, which contains data on the past year's criminal activity in the United States. One consequence that needs to be taken into consideration is that the method of classifying the casualties could have a tremendous impact on the annual crime rate. To allow for such casualties to be categorized as acts of terrorism, it is first necessary to define this term. This, too, is a challenge, as there is little agreement as to how terrorism is defined. The FBI has two categories, domestic and international. Because the perpetrators of the September 11 incidents have been identified as foreign nationals, should the deaths be categorized as international-based terrorist acts? Terrorism is defined as "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience." International terrorism "means terrorism involving citizens or the territory of more than one country.".
The Contributions of David Malcolm Raup (24 April 1933–9 July 2015)

In recounting the exploits of the renowned test pilot and World War II ace Chuck Yeager, Tom Wolfe (1979) observed that Yeager’s calm, West Virginian drawl can still be heard in the voices of virtually all commercial pilots, decades after Yeager became the first to break the sound barrier. This inflection caught on in the late 1940s among a cadre of Yeager’s disciples at an airfield in the high desert of California, who sought to emulate the “ace of aces,” and it spread further, from generation to generation, aided by the participation of many of those disciples as astronauts in NASA’s manned space program. During the heady days of the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo programs, the drawl and demeanor could be heard regularly in televised exchanges between astronauts and mission control. Little did any of us know that the voice was really Chuck Yeager’s. Wolfe’s description of Yeager’s influence on his peers reminds us that, in any field, there are a few people whose work is so transcendent that, by dint of the examples they set, colleagues seek to emulate not only their methods, but also how they carry themselves in the arena. And so it was with Dave Raup, one of the most influential paleontologists of the past half-century, who died this past summer after a brief illness. As is often true of people who become the best of the best, Dave did not actively seek the limelight. In fact, he tended to avoid it and was never particularly comfortable as the center of attention in any forum. But the way he carried himself—actively seeking out holes in his own results; not dismissing someone else’s work without first fully understanding it; letting one’s work, rather than one’s ego, do the talking; accommodating one’s own self-doubts but not being defeated …
Exploring the Link Between Performance Information Use and Organizational Performance: A Contingency Approach

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to the still relatively small body of empirical literature on the relationship between performance management and organizational performance. It focuses on the effects of performance information use for managerial and oversight purposes. Using a contingency perspective, it argues that the effect of data use on performance is dependent on other contextual factors. The article finds support for this claim, showing that the impact of managerial information use on performance is stronger in organizations that have adopted a prospecting strategy, whereas this effect tends to vanish for reactors. It also finds, however, that the relationship between a principal’s data use for oversight purposes and the agent’s performance is not contingent on whether the principal is perceived as a monitor or a trusted partner. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Solar-Altitude Azimuth

A quantitative study of the systematic and accidental errors that affect solar-altitude azimuths shows that the precision of azimuths can be increased materially by taking into account the systematic errors due to curvature and semidiameter. When this is done, the elapsed time of an observation may be extended without affecting precision. The hour-angle criterion for determining when, during the day, observations should be taken has limitations that may be overcome by use of a more appropriate criterion, the rate of change of the sun’s azimuth with respect to altitude. Pointings on the sun, using the quadrant-tangent and center-tangent methods, is very precise. In general, the closer an observer is to the equator, the higher the precision of a solar-altitude azimuth determination will be. At latitude 40 N or S, the probable error of an azimuth determined with a 1-min transit, using no special equipment other than an eyepiece prism, is approximately ±15 sec.
A deficient diet narrows growth bars on induced feathers

vegetation to older stands with more complex vegetative structure. Thus, we found no support in the undamaged portion of the study area for the hypothesis that site occupancy by the sparrow increased with age of the clear-cuts. The high proportion of clear-cuts occupied by sparrows in the hurricane-damaged Witherbee District is similar to the pattern of occupancy in regions where mature pine stands are very rare (Dunning and Watts 1990). The pattern in the undamaged Wambaw District, where no sparrows were seen in clear-cuts, is similar to the habitat occupancy found in other South Carolina areas where mature pine is common (Dunning unpubl. data). Thus, one major effect that Hurricane Hugo may have had on the sparrow was to change the local pattern of habitat use. If mature pine and clear-cut habitats yield different levels of reproductive success or survivorship, such a change in habitat occupancy could have a long-term effect at the population level. The impact of large-scale catastrophes such as hurricanes has been documented recently for species whose habitat requirements are relatively well described (Engstrom and Evans 1990). We suggest that species, such as Bachman's Sparrow, whose habitat requirements are less understood should also be monitored to determine the ultimate effect of the hurricane on local avian populations. Research and manuscript preparation were supported by Contract DE-AC09-76SR00-819 between the U.S. Department of Energy and the University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory. We were supported by grants from the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, and by National Science Foundation grant BSR-8817950. Nora Mays and Rick Bowers helped gather the 1990 survey data. We gratefully acknowledged Frankie Brooks, Robert Hooper, Dennis Krusac, Craig Watson, and other U.S. Forest Service personnel for assistance in this study. Brent Danielson, Lehr Brisban, Whit Gibbons, Scott Pearson, Todd Engstrom, and Ronald Pulliam provided useful comments.
Spatial proximity as a determinant of context-specific attentional settings.

People implicitly encode the history of conflict associated with particular contexts and use this information to modulate attention to distractors. This manifests as a reduction in the compatibility effect in mostly incompatible locations compared to mostly compatible locations, a difference termed the context-specific proportion compatibility (CSPC) effect. CSPC effects are explained by an episodic retrieval account positing that abstract attentional settings bind to contextual cues-allowing rapid, context-driven modulation of attention. The current study interrogated this binding process by testing the influence of relative spatial proximity on the association of attentional settings with particular locations. In Experiment 1, like typical CSPC paradigms, biased locations appeared near top (e.g., mostly compatible) and bottom (e.g., mostly incompatible) edges of the screen. A novel feature was the addition of two mostly compatible (above fixation) and two mostly incompatible (below fixation) locations placed within close proximity at the middle of the screen. A CSPC effect was found for outer but not middle mostly compatible and mostly incompatible locations, suggesting the attentional setting bound to the middle locations reflected the average history of conflict (i.e., 50 % compatible) for the group of middle locations. In Experiment 2, distance between middle locations was increased, allowing middle locations to group with outer locations. The CSPC effect was found for outer and middle mostly compatible and mostly incompatible locations. Results support the relative proximity hypothesis, positing that attentional settings bound to a particular location are influenced by experience within a location and relatively close neighboring locations.
Use of del Nido Cardioplegia in Adult Cardiac Surgery.

Background del Nido cardioplegia was developed to protect pediatric hearts, and similar to pediatric hearts, older adult hearts tolerate ischemia–reperfusion poorly. This study investigates the feasibility of del Nido cardioplegia as an alternative to conventional Buckberg cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery. Methods A total of 142 adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with del Nido cardioplegia and conventional Buckberg cardioplegia were retrospectively reviewed. Results Fewer doses of cardioplegia and fewer defibrillations were noted with del Nido cardioplegia, and there were no significant differences in incidence of postoperative events. Conclusion del Nido cardioplegia may be a feasible alternative to conventional Buckberg cardioplegia.
Ethnotechnology: A Manifesto

The philosophical study of artifacts faces a serious problem going forward. There is a gap between work in the metaphysics of artifacts and work in other disciplines, such as psychology and anthropology. This gap primarily concerns the status of the category “artifact” itself and secondarily the status of the notion of artifact kinds. The existence of this gap raises questions as to whether work in the metaphysics of artifacts can be connected fruitfully with work on artifacts issuing from other disciplines, and if so, how. I argue that the best way to bridge this gap is a new interdisciplinary program I call ethnotechnology. I explain why ethnotechnology is needed and what it would involve.
Price clustering and the stability of stock prices

Abstract Understanding factors that influence volatility is vital to analysts, investment professionals, and firm managers. In this study, we take a non-traditional approach to identify the determinants of volatility by examining how frictions in the formation of prices affect the stability of stock prices. In particular, we test the hypothesis that clustering on round pricing increments will result in more volatile financial markets. A possible explanation for clustering-induced volatility may be that stocks with a greater degree of clustering will have less informative prices and thus exhibit greater volatility. Our multivariate tests seem to confirm our hypothesis as we observe a strong, positive relation between price clustering and stock price volatility. A variety of additional tests suggest that causation flows from clustering to volatility instead of the other way around.
The mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by smooth muscle myosin and subfragments using steady state titration and 18O exchange

The mechanisms of increases in the ATPase rates of smooth muscle acto-myosin, acto-heavy meromyosin (HMM) and acto-subfragment 1 (S1) were investigated using steady state titration and 18O exchange. Phosphorylation increased the phosphate release rates both from acto-myosin and acto-HMM. Steady state titration at high enzyme concentrations and 18O exchange at substoichiometric ATP concentrations showed that gizzard myosin was kinetically homogeneous, whereas HMM and S1 prepared by various published methods were heterogeneous. At high ATP concentrations, a small population of HMM and S1 hydrolyzed ATP with a low amount of oxygen exchange.
Florbetapir-PET to diagnose cerebral amyloid angiopathy A prospective study

Objective: We hypothesized that florbetapir, a Food and Drug Administration–approved PET tracer, could distinguish cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)–related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from hypertensive ICH (HTN-ICH). Methods: We prospectively enrolled survivors of primary ICH related to probable CAA (per Boston Criteria, n = 10) and HTN-ICH (n = 9) without dementia. All patients underwent florbetapir-PET and multimodal MRI, and patients with CAA had additional Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET. Amyloid burden was assessed quantitatively (standard uptake value ratio [SUVR]) and visually classified as positive or negative. Results: The CAA and HTN-ICH groups had similar age (66.9 vs 67.1), sex, and leukoaraiosis volumes (31 vs 30 mL, all p > 0.8). Florbetapir uptake and PiB retention strongly correlated in patients with CAA both globally within cerebral cortex ( r = 0.96, p r > 0.8, all p ≤ 0.01). Mean global cortical florbetapir uptake was substantially higher in CAA than HTN-ICH (SUVR: 1.41 ± 0.17 vs 1.15 ± 0.08, p = 0.001), as was mean occipital SUVR (1.44 ± 0.12 vs 1.17 ± 0.08, p p = 0.03). Visual rating for positive/negative florbetapir demonstrated perfect interrater agreement (k = 1) and was positive for all 10 patients with CAA vs 1 of 9 HTN-ICH patients (sensitivity 100%, specificity 89%). Conclusions: Florbetapir appears to label vascular amyloid in patients with CAA-related ICH. The approved florbetapir binary visual reading method can have diagnostic value in appropriate clinical settings. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class II evidence that florbetapir-PET provides a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66%–100%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 51%–99%) for determination of probable CAA among cognitively normal patients.
Real-Time Piecewise Regression

Ubiquitous sensing technologies make big data a trendy topic and a favored approach in transportation studies and applications, but the increasing volumes of data sets present remarkable challenges to data collection, storage, transfer, visualization, and processing. Fundamental aspects of big data in transportation are discussed, including how many data to collect and how to collect data effectively and economically. The focus is GPS trajectory data, which are used widely in this domain. An incremental piecewise regression algorithm is used to evaluate and compress GPS locations as they are produced. Row-wise QR decomposition and singular value decomposition are shown to be valid numerical algorithms for incremental regression. Sliding window–based piecewise regression can subsample the GPS streaming data instantaneously to preserve only the points of interest. Algorithm performance is evaluated completely as accuracy and compression power. A procedure is presented for users to choose the best parameter ...
Star Products and Deformation Quantization

Among the “flavors” of deformation quantization, there are two whose interplay informs much of Boutet de Monvel’s work on this subject. In the first, sometimes known as semiclassical, a commutative algebra to be deformed, with associativity retained, is augmented by an external parameter (Planck’s constant in the application to classical/quantum mechanics), such that the deformation is a formal series in the parameter; this series may or may not be an asymptotic expansion of an actual function of the parameter. In the second form of quantization, sometimes known as microlocal, the commutative algebra to be deformed is filtered, and the deformation is an expansion whose terms have filtration degrees going to −∞. In each case, the lowest order of noncommutativity is given by a Poisson bracket. In the semiclassical case, this bracket is defined on the undeformed algebra itself; in the microlocal case, the bracket lives on the associated graded algebra. The basic quantization problem in each case is to classify, up to a suitable form of equivalence, the deformations of an algebra corresponding to a given Poisson bracket.
Structure-based identification of inhibitors targeting obstruction of the HIVgp41 N-heptad repeat trimer

Abstract The viral protein HIVgp41 is an attractive and validated drug target that proceeds through a sequence of conformational changes crucial for membrane fusion, which facilitates viral entry. Prior work has identified inhibitors that interfere with the formation of a required six-helix bundle, composed of trimeric C-heptad (CHR) and N-heptad (NHR) repeat elements, through blocking association of an outer CHR helix or obstructing formation of the inner NHR trimer itself. In this work, we employed similarity-based scoring to identify and experimentally characterize 113 compounds, related to 2 small-molecule inhibitors recently reported by Allen et al. (Bioorg. Med. Chem Lett. 2015, 25 2853–59), proposed to act via the NHR trimer obstruction mechanism. The compounds were first tested in an HIV cell-cell fusion assay with the most promising evaluated in a second, more biologically relevant viral entry assay. Of the candidates, compound #11 emerged as the most promising hit (IC50 = 37.81 µM), as a result of exhibiting activity in both assays with low cytotoxicity, as was similarly seen with the known control peptide inhibitor C34. The compound also showed no inhibition of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV entry compared to a control inhibitor suggesting it was specific for HIVgp41. Molecular dynamics simulations showed the predicted DOCK pose of #11 interacts with HIVgp41 in an energetic fashion (per-residue footprints) similar to the four native NHR residues (IQLT) which candidate inhibitors were intended to mimic.
To Disclose or Not to Disclose: When Fear of Nocebo Effects Infringes Upon Autonomy.

Fortunato and colleagues (2017) provide an interesting perspective on nocebo effects in clinical contexts, and propose selective withholding of information during the informed consent process for a...
Development and current problems in radiation chemistry

Radiation chemistry has developed mainly as a branch of chemical kinetics. Many reactions are known today in a detailed manner and powerful electronic methods for the investigation of short lived intermediates such as pulse radiolysis and in situ electron spin resonance absorption have been developed. These methods are today applied to other fields of physical chemistry. The following applications will be mentioned: properties of free radicals, investigation of complex redox reactions in homogeneous solution, reactions in micellar systems, electron pool reactions in aqueous solution, radiation driven phosphorylation, and excess electrons in dielectric liquids.
Targetable fusions of the FRK tyrosine kinase in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Targetable fusions of the FRK tyrosine kinase in ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Genetics and Genomics of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Abstract Advances in mouse and human genome research have dramatically altered the landscape and pace of advances in the diagnosis and treatment and many diseases. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major complication of systemic atherosclerosis and healthcare problem. Genetic and genomic research has done little to alter the diagnosis and management PAD, but this likely will change in the near future. This chapter will examine how rodent and human genetics in PAD may soon guide advances and eventually personalized therapies.
THE COGNITIVE PARADIGM FOR TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION

Clinicians have been long aware that depressed patients have strongly negative thoughts. Guilt, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness have been described in most, if not all, theoretical formulations of depression (e.g., psychoanalysis, existential therapy, behavior therapy). However, the cognitive model differs from previous approaches by emphasizing cognitive distortion as one of the most important factors involved in the etiology and maintenance of depressive disorders.1–4 Cognitive therapy, a psychotherapeutic approach based upon this theory, has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression.3–8 A series of outcome studies, the most recent of which was reported by Murphy and co-workers at this Congress, has found cognitive therapy to be at least as effective as pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression.5–8 The purpose of this paper will be to describe the basic cognitive paradigm and its relationship to cognitive disorder in depression. Comments will also be made on the possible relevance of cognitive research to other paradigms of psychotherapy.
An Historical Perspective to Current Trends in the Banking Industry in Europe

With the end of the Bretton Woods regime on August 13th 1971, when the US decided to leave behind the era of Gold Exchange Standard, Western European countries were forced to give up the convertibility of their currencies, and exchange rates started to float. In the wake of such change, financial and monetary stability seemed to be suddenly at stake. Europe reacted with the Werner plan, put in place in 1973. Europe entered a new era, and looked for a new equilibrium. The birth of the EMS scheme (centered on the D-Mark) appeared to create this sought after stability. It developed a new figurative currency, the ECU. The Lehman crisis (September 2008) was the spark for a debt crisis that rapidly enveloped banks, non financial corporations, households and last but not least, national governments. Initially it was primarily the banking sector's stability that was at stake, worldwide and in Europe. Governments reacted by supporting the banking system (with guarantees, capital and debt). In order to avoid a deep recession, most countries supported collapsing demand by expanding public spending. Those actions stretched public finances and increased sovereign deficits and debts. Indeed, rather than to act in concert, each Eurozone member decided to support its ‘own’ banks. This choice was perceived by markets as the end of the European convergence: the risk was shifting from commercial (banks) to sovereigns (states), but in an uneven manner: each one was on its own. It is therefore up to political leaders to create the conditions for a stronger euro zone. True financial integration is a necessary precondition, but it will prove to be insufficient and unsustainable if national political leaders remain reluctant to undertake bolder steps towards closer fiscal and political integration. If political leaders are tempted simply to ring-fence individual countries from the fallout of developments in other euro zone member nations, the euro zone will likely remain stuck in a no man's land, economically and politically vulnerable.
Separation of Germanium-68 from irradiated targets

1482 Objectives Germanium-68 has a half life of 270 days and decays to gallium-68 with a half life of 1.13 hours which makes the two isotopes ideal for a medical isotope generator. The short half life of gallium-68 allows preparation, purification and imaging of small molecules and peptides and the generator can be eluted multiple times in a day for patient imaging. The germanium-68 produced at Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer from proton irradiation of liquid gallium metal targets has been purified in the past by liquid-liquid extraction using organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride or toluene. The FDA has listed these solvents as Q3C - class 1 and 2 solvents in its Guidance for Industry documentation. This FDA classification places the solvents in a category that should not be employed in manufacturing of drugs due to unacceptable toxicity. Methods A new separation process utilizing a common buffer system and commercially available resin was developed to separate germanium-68 from the irradiated gallium target. The soluble gallium allows a separation time of less than 3 hours. Results The new process results in 82-99% recovery of germanium-68 with minimal to no zinc-65 and cobalt in the final product. The concentration of gallium in the final product in the new separation process is ~24 ppm which is half the amount of the concentration of gallium in the final product by organic extraction (~40 ppm average). Conclusions The new process is being adapted for use in hot cells for production and purification of Ci amounts of germanium-68 to meet cGMP requirements. Research Support U.S. Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Physic
Convection-enhanced delivery of drugs for deadliest pediatric brain tumors

Convection-enhanced delivery in the brainstem of children with tumors is clinically feasible and safe within defined parameters.
From mutations to mechanisms and dysfunction via computation and mining of protein energy landscapes.

The protein energy landscape underscores the inherent nature of proteins as dynamic molecules interconverting between structures with varying energies. Reconstructing a protein’s energy landscape holds the key to characterizing a protein’s equilibrium conformational dynamics and its relationship to function. Many pathogenic mutations in protein sequences alter the equilibrium dynamics that regulates molecular interactions and thus protein function. In principle, reconstructing energy landscapes of a protein’s healthy and diseased variants is a central step to understanding how mutations impact dynamics, biological mechanisms, and function. Recent computational advances are yielding detailed, sample-based representations of protein energy landscapes. In this paper, we propose and describe two novel methods that leverage computed, sample-based representations of landscapes to reconstruct them and extract from them informative local structures that reveal the underlying organization of an energy landscape. Such structures constitute landscape features that, as we demonstrate here, can be utilized to detect alterations of landscapes upon mutation. The proposed methods detect altered protein energy landscape features in response to sequence mutations. By doing so, the methods allow formulating hypotheses on the impact of mutations on specific biological activities of a protein. This work demonstrates that the availability of energy landscapes of healthy and diseased variants of a protein opens up new avenues to harness the quantitative information embedded in landscapes to summarize mechanisms via which mutations alter protein dynamics to percolate to dysfunction.
Introducing Relational Values as a Tool for Shark Conservation, Science, and Management

Relational values are values that arise from a relationship with nature, encompassing sense of place, feelings of well-being (mental and physical health), and cultural, community, or personal identities. With sharks, such values are formed by diverse groups that interact with these animals and their ecosystems, either physically or virtually, whether scientist, student, fisher, or media-consumer. Further, these user groups may overlap or conflict over management plans, media portrayals of sharks, and their conservation status. Although scientists have not explicitly aimed to assess relational values through sharks, qualitative studies of shark fishers, tourism operators, tourists, and the public, as well as historical and archaeological accounts, can be interpreted through an analytical lens to reveal values which can also be defined as relational. To this end, this review considers studies capturing relational values alongside those on economic value (increasingly, sharks’ value is appraised by their financial value by way of shark tourism) and the social and cultural roles of sharks. Based on these studies and the broader relational values literature, we then outline a workflow for how relational values can be leveraged in scientific inquiry, equitable resource management, and education. We conclude that via collaborative assessments of relational values, with implicit inclusion of all values from sharks and acknowledgement of their importance of to all parties involved in user conflicts, the relational values framework can lead to constructive dialogue on polarizing conservation and management issues. By illuminating shared values, and/or revealing dichotomies of values ascribed towards certain areas or objects, this framework can provide inroads to mediation, seeking to conserve or even restore relationships with nature and their derived values insomuch as is possible. This approach can yield unexpected knowledge, solutions, and compromises in an increasingly complex conservation landscape.
Efficacy of FGFR Inhibitors and Combination Therapies for Acquired Resistance in FGFR2-Fusion Cholangiocarcinoma

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway is aberrantly activated in approximately 15% to 20% of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Currently, several FGFR kinase inhibitors are being assessed in clinical trials for patients with FGFR-altered cholangiocarcinoma. Despite evidence of initial responses and disease control, virtually all patients eventually develop acquired resistance. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired drug resistance. Here, we present findings from a patient with FGFR2-altered metastatic cholangiocarcinoma who enrolled in a phase II clinical trial of the FGFR inhibitor, infigratinib (BGJ398). Treatment was initially effective as demonstrated by imaging and tumor marker response; however, after 8 months on trial, the patient exhibited tumor regrowth and disease progression. Targeted sequencing of tumor DNA after disease progression revealed the FGFR2 kinase domain p.E565A and p.L617M single-nucleotide variants (SNV) hypothesized to drive acquired resistance to infigratinib. The sensitivities of these FGFR2 SNVs, which were detected post-infigratinib therapy, were extended to include clinically relevant FGFR inhibitors, including AZD4547, erdafitinib (JNJ-42756493), dovitinib, ponatinib, and TAS120, and were evaluated in vitro Through a proteomics approach, we identified upregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in cells harboring the FGFR2 p.E565A mutation and demonstrated that combination therapy strategies with FGFR and mTOR inhibitors may be used to overcome resistance to FGFR inhibition, specific to infigratinib. Collectively, these studies support the development of novel combination therapeutic strategies in addition to the next generation of FGFR inhibitors to overcome acquired resistance in patients.
Nanometer-Scale Imaging of Inhomogeneous Active Charge Carriers in Arsenic-Doped CdTe Thin Films

We report nanometer-scale imaging of active carrier distribution of As-doped CdTe films by scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). We developed SCM sample preparation for CdTe by ion-milling followed by thermal processing. The nanometer-resolution carrier delineation for CdTe was validated by imaging on a CdTe cross-section sample made by a molecular beam epitaxy layer stack with As-doping concentrations of 1015~1018/cm3. We found that the carrier distribution in As-doped films was significantly nonuniform, with inhomogeneity ranging from sub-μm to a few μm and concentration variation of one order of magnitude (low 1016 to low 1017/cm3). This nonuniformity is distributed randomly, independent of grain structure and grain boundary (GB). We used Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and cathodoluminescence (CL) to further map the surface potential and radiative illumination on the same area as the SCM image. Higher potential and lower CL intensity were found on GBs but not on SCM contrast, illustrating positive GB charging and GB recombination but not GB-distinguished doping. The overall KPFM potential image is in rough agreement with the SCM carrier distribution, in terms of Fermi-level position relative to the bandgap edge—thus resulting in the band-edge potential fluctuation. Nonuniform carrier concentration, potential fluctuation, and defect recombination can all together cause the Voc deficit of the As-doped CdTe device.
Deep Participation in Underserved Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Hearken’s Model for Engagement Journalism

Hearken is a proprietary news engagement platform growing in popularity. Under the Hearken approach, audience members are invited to participate in the newsmaking process. Hearken strives to assist...
Geographic Variation in Costs of Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery in the United States.

Background Geographic variations in health care costs have been reported for many surgical specialties. Objective In this study, we sought to describe national and regional costs associated with transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TPS). Methods Data from the Truven-MarketScan 2010–2014 were analyzed. We examined overall total, hospital/facility, physician, and out-of-pocket payments in patients undergoing TPS including technique-specific costs. Mean payments were obtained after risk adjustment for patient-level and system-level confounders and estimated differences across regions. Results The estimated overall annual burden was $43 million/year in our cohort. The average overall total payment associated with TPS was $35,602.30, hospital/facility payment was $26,980.45, physician payment was $4685.95, and out-of-pocket payment was $2330.78. Overall total and hospital/facility costs were highest in the West and lowest in the South (both P Conclusions Our results show significant geographic cost disparities associated with TPS. Understanding factors behind disparate costs is important for developing cost containment strategies.
Performing Arts in the Service of Others: The Common Good Players and Experiential Learning in Social Justice Theatre

The Common Good Players is an applied performing arts troupe comprising of diverse undergraduate and graduate students of various majors dedicated to social justice that serves our UD campus to create a more inclusive community. The Common Good Players leverages performance and active participation of audiences to serve our diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. This case study documents the launch of this inaugural cohort in the Spring and Fall of 2019, and the experiential learning acquired through an immersive applied theatre training and performance weekend in Chicago. The case study examines how providing meaningful experiential learning to the CGP cohort empowered them to feel capable in beginning their own applied theatre work on our campus with performances that honored the victims of the August 2019 Dayton mass shooting.
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis in association with fingolimod initiation and discontinuation

Background:Tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) is a rare multiple sclerosis (MS) form that usually manifests as the initial presentation or in the early stages of MS.Objective:The aim of this stud...
New species of troupial (Icterus) and cowbird (Molothrus) from ice-age Peru

In spite of comprising more than 50% of the world's 10,000+ living species of birds, the songbirds (Passeriformes) generally have a poor fossil record. An exception is the Icteridae, with substantial Quaternary fossils at certain sites in North America, South America, and the West Indies. Here we describe 2 new extinct species of icterids from the late Pleistocene Talara Tar Seeps of northwestern Peru. The first is Icterus turmalis, based on 22 fossils (2 skeletal elements); I. turmalis was part of the radiation of “troupial”-type orioles (Icterus icterus s.l.). The second new species, Molothrus resinosus, was a large cowbird based on 15 fossils (4 skeletal elements). Icterus turmalis and Molothrus resinosus are both known thus far only from Talara. They become the second and third extinct species of icterid known from Talara, the other being Euphagus magnirostrisMiller 1929, first described from Rancho La Brea, and recorded recently from Talara as well as the Mene de Inciarte Tar Seep in Venezuela. Just as some extant species of icterids often occur today alongside large grazing mammals, the extinct species may have been closely associated with the Pleistocene large mammal community, which collapsed from 15 to 12 thousand years ago.
Graph2GO: a multi-modal attributed network embedding method for inferring protein functions

Background Identifying protein functions is important for many biological applications. Since experimental functional characterization of proteins is time-consuming and costly, accurate and efficient computational methods for predicting protein functions are in great demand for generating the testable hypotheses guiding large-scale experiments." Results Here, we propose Graph2GO, a multi-modal graph-based representation learning model that can integrate heterogeneous information, including multiple types of interaction networks (sequence similarity network and protein-protein interaction network) and protein features (amino acid sequence, subcellular location, and protein domains) to predict protein functions on gene ontology. Comparing Graph2GO to BLAST, as a baseline model, and to two popular protein function prediction methods (Mashup and deepNF), we demonstrated that our model can achieve state-of-the-art performance. We show the robustness of our model by testing on multiple species. We also provide a web server supporting function query and downstream analysis on-the-fly. Conclusions Graph2GO is the first model that has utilized attributed network representation learning methods to model both interaction networks and protein features for predicting protein functions, and achieved promising performance. Our model can be easily extended to include more protein features to further improve the performance. Besides, Graph2GO is also applicable to other application scenarios involving biological networks, and the learned latent representations can be used as feature inputs for machine learning tasks in various downstream analyses.
Design and analysis of a growable artificial gravity space habitat

Abstract The goal of this study is to show the feasibility of designing a space habitat that advances the ability of humans to live in space for long periods. We first review the previous work on space explorations and summarized five unsolved fundamental problems: providing gravity, radiation protection, sustainable life support system, a large open space for human physiological and psychological comfort (survivable by professionals in trades other than highly trained astronauts), and a growth strategy to avoid the economic infeasibility of starting with the largest final version of the habitat. We present a detailed design of a rotating shielded habitat system and a growth strategy by repeated addition of new layers, without disturbing the inhabitants of the current habitat. The tensegrity paradigm is used to design the structure and to optimize the mass and cost of the habitat. Then, a detailed discussion of the structural dynamics and attitude control is given. Based on the human needs of temperature, cosmic radiation protection, atmosphere, clean water, food, physical fitness, and mental health, a life support system is demonstrated to show the livable environment under thermal and energy equilibrium. This habitat, space village one, allows a long-term human presence in space such as space tourism, interstellar travel, space mineral mining, Mars colonization, etc.
Isolated COVID-19 Infection Precipitates Myasthenia Gravis Crisis: A Case Report

Author(s): Moschella, Phillip; Roth, Prerana | Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread around the world and caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities across a wide spectrum of patients with varying severity and presenting complaints. The discussion of the ability of this disease to cause significant illness in patients with various risk factors such as myasthenia gravis is important to help guide physicians on recognition and treatment options as the pandemic matures.Case Report: Here we discuss a single case of isolated COVID-19 infection that precipitated a myasthenic crisis with no other clinical sequelae in a patient who presented to the emergency department (ED). This report highlights some of the initial difficulties and delay in diagnosis encountered earlier in the pandemic with limited testing supplies and processing labs; however, prompt ED recognition and treatment still led to a favorable outcome.Conclusion: The patient recovered during this initial presentation and was successfully treated with plasma exchange and steroids only. It is important to recognize that myasthenia gravis patients may represent a uniquely vulnerable population that requires enhanced surveillance and screening to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. This case describes how even a mild infection with no significant clinical sequelae or significant signs on imaging studied can precipitate a crisis event.
The Conservation Treatment of Nineteenth Century Scottish Pastel on Paper

A framed nineteenth century Scottish pastel portrait on paper by Sir Daniel MacNee, severely damaged after a fall, was analyzed and conserved at the Garman Art Conservation Department at Buffalo St...
Understanding the Role of Family-Specific Resources for Immigrant Workers

Very few studies to date have examined immigrant workers’ (i.e., workers who were not born in the United States) experiences of the work-family interface. In a sample of healthcare workers across two time points, the present study evaluates the role of different family-specific resources for immigrant workers compared to native-born workers (i.e., workers born in the U.S.). The results suggest that family-specific support from coworkers is especially beneficial for reducing immigrant workers’ experiences of family-to-work conflict. For both native-born and immigrant workers, those who experience more family-specific support from supervisors and coworkers, and those who work in an organization that does not expect workers to sacrifice their family or personal life for work (i.e., has perceptions of a positive organizational work-family climate), have lower work-to-family conflict and lower family-to-work conflict. Thus, family-specific support from coworkers, supervisors, and the organization have beneficial effects for workers, with coworker support being especially helpful for immigrant workers, which provides important insights for future work-family research and practice with increasingly diverse workforces.
Pilot: Winner of the Human-Agent Negotiation Challenge at IJCAI 2020

This document describes our agent Pilot, winner of the Human-Agent Negotiation Challenge at ANAC, IJCAI 2020. Pilot is a virtual human that participates in a sequence of three negotiations with a human partner. Our system is based on the Interactive Arbitration Guide Online (IAGO) negotiation framework. We leverage prior Affective Computing and Psychology research in negotiations to guide various key principles that define the behavior and personality of our agent.
Transformation tests and their asymptotic power in two-sample comparisons

The classical two-sample t-test is not robust to skewed populations, and the large sample approximation has low accuracy for finite sample sizes. This paper presents two new types of tests, the TCF...
(4-Butyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl­idene)[(1,2,5,6-η)-cyclo­octa-1,5-diene](tri­phenyl­phosphane)iridium(I) tetra­fluorido­borate

A new triazole-based N-heterocyclic cationic carbene iridium(I) complex with a tetra­fluorido­borate counter-anion, [Ir(C8H12)(C7H13N3)(C18H15P)]BF4, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The IrI atom of the cationic complex has an expected square-planar coordination environment with unexceptional bond lengths. There are several close F⋯H contacts between the cations and the anions in the range 2.36–2.58 A, stabilizing the orientation of the out-sphere [BF4−] counter-anion. In the crystal, C—H⋯π(ring) inter­actions are observed that orient the phenyl rings of the tri­phenyl­phosphane ligands.
COBOL on Broadway: an Innovative Approach to Teaching Programming Concepts

Students often have a difficult time grasping programming concepts the first time they are exposed to a programming language. This paper shows how role-playing can be used to demonstrate COBOL programming logic to students. The students role-play parts of a COBOL program to participate in the execution of the programming statements. “Seeing” how the program executes and data is stored seems to enhance the students’ understanding of the program.
Nervous Tissues Isolated in Culture

There would be no need for a chapter such as this—whose subject coverage must be eclectic rather than systematic—were it not that the study of isolated yet intact and functioning areas of the nervous system offers a kind of information that can scarcely be gathered in any other way. To cover with any completeness the areas of overlap between the fields of tissue culture and neurochemistry would be beyond the scope of this volume, and certainly beyond the capacity of this writer. A selection is therefore made of representative studies utilizing tissue culture methods to investigate a number of neurochemical topics.
Practical Experence with Identification of Large Flexible Structures

This paper summarizes work done to experimentally characterize the combined actuator/structure/sensor system, and the control system hardware, of the ACES facility at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The input-output frequency response functions of the actuator/structure/sensor system were measured for all analog actuator inputs and sensor outputs. System nonlinearity and time variance, measurements delays, and control hardware sampling delays and alias protection were investigated. Modal models of the system were generated from frequency response function data. State space models are formed from these modal parameters, for use in controller design.
Convective Penetration into Stellar Radiation Zones

We recall the evidence for convective penetration exhibited by geophysical fluids, laboratory experiments and computer simulations. A simple model is deduced from these observations, which serves to establish a relation between the subadiabatic extent of a convective region and the velocity of the penetrating motions. Assuming that this velocity obeys the usual scaling of thermal convection, we find that the subadiabatic penetration at the bottom of a convective envelope is of the order of a pressure scale-height, and that above a convective core it amounts to a substantial fraction of the core radius. We show that the requirements for nearly adiabatic penetration are met deep enough in a stellar interior, and that the departures from adiabaticity are confined to a thin boundary layer. This allows the use of Roxburgh's integral constraint to predict the actual size of a convective core.