cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Okadaic acid overcomes the blocked cell cycle caused by depleting Cdc2-related kinases in Trypanosoma brucei.

Abstract Mitosis and cytokinesis are highly coordinated in eukaryotic cells. But procyclic-form Trypanosoma brucei under G1 or mitotic arrest is still capable of dividing, resulting in anucleate daughter cells (zoids). Okadaic acid (OKA), an inhibitor of protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A, is known to inhibit kinetoplast replication and cell division yielding multinucleate cells with single kinetoplasts. However, when OKA was applied to cells arrested in G1 or G2/M phase via RNAi knockdown of specific cdc2-related kinases (CRKs), DNA synthesis and nuclear division were resumed without kinetoplast replication or cell division, resulting in multinucleate cells as in the wild type. Cells arrested in G2/M via depleting the mitotic cyclin CycB2 or an aurora B kinase homologue TbAUK1 were, however, not released by OKA treatment. The phenomenon is thus similar to the OKA activation of Cdc2 in Xenopus oocyte by inhibiting PP2A [Maton, et al., Differential regulation of Cdc2 and Aurora-A in Xenopus oocytes: a crucial role of phosphatase 2A. J. Cell Sci. 118 (2005) 2485–2494]. A simultaneous knockdown of the seven PP1s or the PP2A catalytic subunit in T. brucei by RNA interference did not, however, result in multinucleate cells. This could be explained by assuming a negative regulation, either directly or indirectly, of CRK by an OKA-sensitive phosphatase, which could be a PP2A as in the Xenopus oocyte and a positive regulation of kinetoplast replication by an OKA-susceptible protein(s). Test of a PP2A-specific inhibitor, fostriecin, on cells arrested in G2/M via CRK depletion or a knockdown of the PP2A catalytic subunit from the CRK-depleted cells both showed a partial lift of the G2/M block without forming multinucleate cells. These observations support the abovementioned assumption and suggest the presence of a novel OKA-sensitive protein(s) regulating kinetoplast replication that still remains to be identified.
Dietary restriction attenuates the neuronal loss, induction of heme oxygenase-1 and blood-brain barrier breakdown induced by impaired oxidative metabolism.

Abstract Experimental thiamine deficiency (TD) is a model of impaired oxidative metabolism associated with region-selective neuronal loss in the brain. Oxidative stress is a prominent feature of TD neuropathology, as evidenced by the accumulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), ferritin, reactive iron and superoxide dismutase in microglia, nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal in neurons, as well as induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase within the vulnerable areas. Dietary restriction (DR) reduces oxidative stress in several organ systems including the brain. DR increases lifespan and reduces neurodegeneration in a variety of models of neuronal injury. The possibility that DR can protect vulnerable neurons against TD-induced oxidative insults has not been tested. The current studies tested whether approximately 3 months of DR (60% of ad libitum intake) altered the response to TD. Six month-old ad libitum-fed or dietary restricted C57BL/6 mice received a thiamine-deficient diet either ad libitum, or under a DR regimen respectively for eleven days. The TD mice also received daily injections of the thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine. Control ad libitum-fed or DR mice received an unlimited amount, or 60% of ad libitum intake, respectively, of thiamine-supplemented diet. As in past studies, TD produced region-selective neuronal loss (−60%), HO-1 induction, and IgG extravasation in the thalamus of ad libitum-fed mice. DR attenuated the TD-induced neuronal loss (−30%), HO-1 induction and IgG extravasation in the thalamus. These studies suggest that oxidative damage is critical to the pathogenesis of TD, and that DR modulates the extent of free radical damage in the brain. Thus, TD is an important model for studying the relationship between aging, oxidative stress and nutrition.
Recurrent Goiter with Production of an Unusual Iodocompound

A 60-year old woman who was born with goiter, presented with recurrent goiter, hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism following five previous thyroid operations and a course of radiation therapy. She had elevated radioiodine uptake, thyroidal plasma radioiodine clearance, and serum TSH level, but PBI and T4 by column chromatography were low. Her urinary excretion of iodine was normal. Thyroxine turnover study showed shortened t1/2, but degradation rate was decreased. Thyroidal radioiodine uptake was only partially suppressed after a standard suppression test. Perchlorate discharge test was negative and deiodination of D131IT was normal. A biopsy of thyroid tissue was obtained after the gland was labeled with tracer dose of 125I. Chromatographic analysis of the tissue hydrolysate showed virtual absence of iodothyronines, but presence of iodotyrosines, with normal MIT/DIT ratio, and of DHPL. Identity of this substance was further confirmed by rechromatography, radio-iodination, oxidation of DHPL to form the ...
Selective metallization of cured SU-8 microstructures using electroless plating method

In this paper, we report a research work on the fabrication and selective metallization of high aspect ratio cured SU-8 polymer microstructures on silicon substrate using UV lithography technology and selective electroless plating method. Electroless plating of metal films on both the top and sidewall surfaces of microstructures was achieved while the silicon substrate was not coated. The details of the successfully developed procedures are presented, including the surface modification of cured SU-8 microstructures and the electroless plating of gold and copper. The surface modification was realized through attaching Au colloidal film to amine group, that forms a seed layer on cured SU-8 polymer for electroless plating of copper after the polymer surfaces were exposed under large UV irradiation. Experiments demonstrated that UV exposure dosage and illumination direction are two of the most dominant parameters in the selective electroless plating process. The approach can also be easily adapted to electroplating other metals with different electroless plating baths in theory.
RF MEMS switches for leakage control in wireless handheld devices

A new methods for controlling leakage power in handheld device was proposed. This paper presents the use of a MEMS switch as a replacement for the sleep transistor method to reduce leakage current allowing for significant improvement in the battery life of portable electronic systems.
Do Cold Feet Warn of Trouble Ahead? Premarital Uncertainty and Four-Year Marital Outcomes

Are the doubts that people feel before marriage signs of impending difficulties or normative experiences that can be safely ignored? To test these opposing views, we asked 464 recently married spouses whether they had ever been uncertain about getting married and then compared 4-year divorce rates and marital satisfaction trajectories among those partners with and without premarital doubts. Doubts were reported by at least one partner in two thirds of couples. Women with premarital doubts had significantly higher 4-year divorce rates, even when controlling for concurrent marital satisfaction, the difficulty of their engagement, history of parental divorce, premarital cohabitation, and neuroticism. Among intact couples, men's and women's doubts predicted less satisfied marital trajectories. Premarital doubts appear to be common but not benign, suggesting that valid precursors of marital distress are evident during couples' engagements.
On Research Methodology Towards a Scientific Theory of Engineering Design

The goal of this paper is to raise awareness and generate discussion about research methodology in engineering design. Design reseachers are viewed as a single communicating community searching for scientific theories of engineering design; that is, theories that can be tested by formal methods of hypothesis testing. In the paper, the scientific mathod for validating theories is reviewed, and the need for operational definitions and for experiments to identify variables and meaningful abstractions is stressed. The development of a design problem taxonomy is advocated. Generating theories is viewed as guided search. Three types of design theories are described: prescriptive, cognitive descriptive, and computational. It is argued that to seek prescriptions is premature and that, unless the human and institutional variables are reduced to knowledge and control, cognitive descriptive theories will be impossibly complex. A case is made for a computational approach, though it is also shown that computational and cognitive research approaches can be mutually supportive.
Is TV Traumatic for All Youths? The Role of Preexisting Posttraumatic-Stress Symptoms in the Link Between Disaster Coverage and Stress

In youths, watching TV coverage of a disaster is associated with traumatic-stress symptoms. However, the role of predisaster symptoms in this link has not been addressed. In this study, urban-school youths who had experienced both Hurricanes Katrina and Gustav (N = 141; grades 4–8) were assessed 12 months and 6 months before Gustav and then 1 month after Gustav. The amount of TV viewing was associated with post-Gustav stress symptoms, controlling for pre-Gustav symptoms. However, pre-Gustav stress symptoms interacted with TV viewing in predicting post-Gustav symptoms such that for youths with higher preexisting symptoms, there was a stronger association between TV viewing and level of post-Gustav symptoms. The results advance the literature on the role of media coverage in stress reactions by showing that preexisting symptoms can be an important component of identifying which children are likely to be most negatively affected by TV coverage.
ReAssert: Suggesting Repairs for Broken Unit Tests

Developers often change software in ways that cause tests to fail. When this occurs, developers must determine whether failures are caused by errors in the code under test or in the test code itself. In the latter case, developers must repair failing tests or remove them from the test suite. Repairing tests is time consuming but beneficial, since removing tests reduces a test suite's ability to detect regressions. Fortunately, simple program transformations can repair many failing tests automatically. We present ReAssert, a novel technique and tool that suggests repairs to failing tests' code which cause the tests to pass. Examples include replacing literal values in tests, changing assertion methods, or replacing one assertion with several. If the developer chooses to apply the repairs, ReAssert modifies the code automatically. Our experiments show that ReAssert can repair many common test failures and that its suggested repairs correspond to developers' expectations.
Young Children Have a Specific, Highly Robust Bias to Trust Testimony

Why are young children so willing to believe what they are told? In two studies, we investigated whether it is because of a general, undifferentiated trust in other people or a more specific bias to trust testimony. In Study 1, 3-year-olds either heard an experimenter claim that a sticker was in one location when it was actually in another or saw her place an arrow on the empty location. All children searched in the wrong location initially, but those who heard the deceptive testimony continued to be misled, whereas those who saw her mark the incorrect location with an arrow quickly learned to search in the opposite location. In Study 2, children who could both see and hear a deceptive speaker were more likely to be misled than those who could only hear her. Three-year-olds have a specific, highly robust bias to trust what people—particularly visible speakers—say.
Perfect phylogeny haplotyper: haplotype inferral using a tree model

Summary: We have developed an efficient program, the Perfect Phylogeny Haplotyper (PPH) that takes in unphased population genotype data, and determines if that data can be explained by haplotype pairs that could have evolved on a perfect phylogeny. Availability: Executable code for four common platforms is available at: http://wwwcsif.cs.ucdavis.edu/∼gusfield
Biaxial Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Aluminum Alloy 5083-H116 Under Ambient Laboratory and Saltwater Environments

Crack growth of aluminum alloy 5083 was investigated when subjected to the in-plane biaxial tension-tension fatigue with stress ratio of 0.5 under ambient laboratory and saltwater environments. Cruciform specimens with a center hole, containing a notch and precrack at 45° to the specimen’s arms, were tested in a biaxial fatigue test machine. Two biaxiality ratios, λ = 1 and λ = 1.5, were studied. For λ = 1, crack propagated along a straight line collinearly with the precrack, while for λ = 1.5 case, the crack path was curved and non-collinear with the precrack. Uniaxial fatigue tests were also conducted. Crack growth rates were faster under the biaxiality fatigue in comparison to uniaxial fatigue at a given crack driving force (ΔK I or ΔG) in both environments. Further, an increase in biaxiality ratio increased the crack growth rate, i.e., faster for λ = 1.5 case than λ = 1 case. Both biaxial fatigue and saltwater environment showed detrimental effects on the fatigue crack growth resistance of 5083, and its combination is highly detrimental when compared to uniaxial fatigue.
On Routing Demand and Congestion Estimation for FPGAs

Interconnection planning is becoming an important design issue for ASICs and large FPGAs. As the technology shrinks and the design density increases, proper planning of routing resources becomes all the more important to ensure rapid and feasible design convergence. One of the most important issues for planning interconnection is the ability to predict the routability of a given placed design. This paper provides insight into the workings of recently proposed method by Lou et. al.[Lou_Shankar] and compares it with our proposed methodology, fGREP[fGREP]. We have implemented the two methods for a generic FPGA architecture and compare the performance, accuracy and usability of their estimates. We use the well known FPGA physical design suite VPR[VPR], as a common comparison tool. Our experiments show that fGREP produces far better routing estimates but at larger execution times than Lou's method. Insight into what makes the methods work and where they falter are also discussed in detail.
A Potential Crack in our Experience with Bisphosphonate Therapy

With the coming of this New Year, we proudly present the 12th volume of the HSS Journal. The readership of the Journal continues to expand, and interest in its content is growing around the world. The entire editorial board wishes our readership success in 2016, and we will welcome your participation and your contributions to the Journal in the coming year. I wish to draw your attention to the article submitted by Jordan Villa, MD, Arianna Gianakos, BS and Joseph M. Lane, MD entitled Bisphosphonate Treatment in Osteoporosis: Optimal Duration of Therapy and the Incorporation of a Drug Holiday. In this paper, the authors provide a thorough review of the importance of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis, the risk of complications associated with bisphosphonate treatment, and a well-conceived argument for the incorporation of a drug holiday in treatment regimens using these agents. In my opinion, this is a must-read article for any involved in caring for patients in the musculoskeletal disciplines. In the fall of 1986, I was privileged to serve as the Metabolic Bone Disease Fellow at HSS. Under Joe Lane’s leadership, we struggled to manage patients with osteoporosis, a crippling disease, for which there was no effective treatment. Estrogen replacement therapy and drugs like sodium fluoride or first generation bisphosphonates were not effective and carried unacceptable risks and side effects. The appearance of the amino bisphosphonates was practically a miracle and for the first time provided medications that reduced the risk of both hip and vertebral fracture in patients with documented osteoporosis. Unfortunately, the potential negative consequence of over treatment with these drugs was overlooked in the zeal of their application and rare but severe complications of overuse appeared. Villa and her coauthors have done an excellent job of piecing this history together. They carefully describe the pharmacology of these medications and their success in reducing the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. In addition, they clearly highlight the potential for over suppression of the bone with prolonged administration. They also provide a well-thought-out rationale for institution of an interruption of treatment or holiday in the prescription of these drugs. This article will equip the reader with a current understanding of these medications as well as an algorithm for becoming a better steward in the prevention of a crippling but likely, preventable disease. We will be having a webinar on this topic so, stay tuned for more information. I hope you find it valuable to your practice.
Phytoremediation in Reed Plants Help Clean Up Polluted Environment by Petroleum Produced Water

Phytoremediation is the use of plants and its associated microorganisms to achieve the conditions necessary to facilitate the breakdown of contaminants and clean-up of the polluted environment. Phytoremediation technology is viewed as the simplest way of handling variety of contaminants in many sectors of oil industry. The community of microorganisms in the rhizosphere has been shown to be involved in degradation of numerous contaminants, including pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum compounds, volatile organic chemicals, and in organics. Also, plants can degrade contaminants during plant metabolic activities; for instance, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene has been shown to be degraded by plant enzymes. Plants can use contaminants as nutrients; nitrate contamination of ground water can serve as a nitrogen source for plants.This involves the achieving condition of ground water, waste oil and produced water from oil facilities. Phytoremediation is recommended because of its establishment at low -cost and with flexibility in wide aspect of soil environmental remediation. Practical field experiments and laboratory water quality test analysis carried out in an oil field in TharJath-south Sudan by using reed species called Phragmites australis has shown promising results. It is common perennial grasses that thrive best in wetlands and temperate tropical part of the world. Southern part of the Sudan being temperate and tropical region is suitable for this reed species to thrive well. This Thesis provides a real analytical test and report on the effective clean up of the polluted environment by the use of reed plants through phytoremediation process. Hence will encourage future studies on remediation of the contaminated soil. The tests are carried to out to determine the effectiveness of reeds natural processes of treating the polluted water. The analysis are performed to measure the available Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen, total Dissolved solids, Chloride concentration, pH, Biological Oxygen Demand, and many other petroleum compounds in the produced water.
Atomic-Scale Phase Transition of Epitaxial GaN on Nanostructured Si(001): Activation and Beyond

An atomic-scale phase transition in heterophase epitaxy (HPE) of GaN on a 900 nm-wide v-grooved Si(001) substrate is reported. Two different incorporation mechanisms of adatoms sequentially occur for the hexagonal (h-) to cubic (c-) phase transition: orientation- and phase-dependent incorporation (ODI and PDI). Epitaxy begins with ODI that results in preferential growth of h-GaN individually aligned to opposing Si(111) facets inside a v-groove but incurs a structural instability by crystallographic mismatch at the groove bottom. This instability is relieved by an abrupt transition to c-phase, initiating from single or multiple atomic sites uniquely arranged atop the mismatch along the groove. Epitaxy proceeds with PDI that allows μm-scale c-GaN extended from these sites while suppressing growth of h-GaN. An important condition for HPE and the stability of c-GaN in further growth is derived from equilibrium crystal shape.
Early Family Support Interventions: Creating Context for Success

Ecological or multidimensional theories are commonly used to explain the causal pathways that contribute to complex social problems. While it is generally understood that context matters for improving and strengthening parental capacity and positive child development, it is less well recognized that context also matters for the capacity of interventions, even those that are well specified and researched, to realize their full potential. Indeed, the attention being given to directing public investments to “evidence-based models” suggests that a program, once proven to work, can be successfully transplanted in a range of communities and that positive outcomes can be replicated at scale. However, rarely do these so-called proven programs replicate their impacts when taken to scale. Maximizing the impacts and viability of evidence-based programs, in many ways, depends upon the ability of local communities to facilitate collaboration across sectors and target investment around a shared mission and set of core outcomes. The purpose of this commentary is to articulate why focusing on both program and context offers policymakers a more promising pathway for achieving meaningful and sustainable improvements in a child’s well-being and healthy development.
Density Estimation, Hypotheses Testing, and Sensor Classification in Wireless Sensor Networks

In decentralized detection, the sensors first make a local decision before transmitting it to the fusion center (FC). The optimal design of the sensors' decision rule as well as the fusion rule requires knowledge of the probability distributions of the sensors' observations. This information, however, may not be available prior to deployment. Moreover, these probability distributions may vary over time or from sensor to sensor. Therefore in this paper we propose a method to estimate these distributions from the sensors' transmitted data. More specifically, we consider the problem of binary hypothesis testing in a wireless sensor network (WSN) consisting of multiple classes of sensors, where the sensors are classified according to the probability density function (PDF) of their observations under each hypothesis. The sensor nodes transmit their measurements to the FC which must detect the state of nature. In order to optimally fuse the data, the FC must also estimate the PDFs of the sensors' observations and classify the sensors. A method based on the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is developed for: nonparametric estimation of the PDFs for each sensor class, classification of the sensors, and detection of the underlying hypotheses. Numerical results are presented to show that with a moderate number of samples from the sensors and three or fewer iterations of the EM algorithm, the proposed method performs remarkably well.
Visualization and quantification of two-phase flow in transparent miniature packed beds.

Optical microscopy was used to visualize the flow of two phases [British Petroleum (BP) oil and an aqueous surfactant phase] in confined space, three-dimensional, transparent, natural porous media. The porous media consisted of water-wet cryolite grains packed inside cylindrical, glass microchannels, thus producing microscopic packed beds. Primary drainage of BP oil displacing an aqueous surfactant phase was studied at capillary numbers that varied between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The confinement space had a significant effect on the flow behavior. Phenomena of burst motion and capillary fingering were observed for low capillary numbers due to the domination of capillary forces. It was discovered that breakthrough time and capillary number bear a log-log scale linear relationship, based on which a generalized correlation between oil travel distance $x$ and time $t$ was found empirically.
A Design of Intelligent Robot Protocol Transformation Module Based on Proxy

The robot middleware technology is becoming hot in complex robot system design and integration.A pro- tocol transforming module of intelligent robot system is designed based on LwRTC proxy method,and the corre- sponding technology is analyzed.Firstly,the total design requirements and structure are introduced.Secondly,the design process of protocol transformation is elaborated from the hardware system design,real-time system support, CAN field bus driver design,to the protocol transformation.Lastly,the proxy in the module is implemented.
Preferences for International Redistribution in the United States: Self-Interest or World Views?

This research note studies variation in mass support for international redistribution in the United States. While programs like foreign aid have impacts on individuals’ material well-being through both tax and transfer mechanisms and terms of trade effects, these effects are often contradictory and ambiguous. Accordingly, I argue that individuals use partisan cues, ideologies, and structuring world-views as heuristics to arrive at opinions on policies that transfer resources abroad. I test these theoretical expectations using an original, nationally representative survey that examines stated and revealed preferences for foreign aid, cuts in agricultural tariffs and subsidies, and charitable giving. Proxies for self-interest such as income and employment status are poor predictors of mass attitudes, while individuals’ partisanship, ideology, and altruistic and cosmopolitan dispositions are more strongly and consistently correlated with individuals’ preferences. These findings buttress existing research that emphasizes the sociotropic foundations of mass opinion on international political economy questions (Mansfield and Mutz, 2009; Bechtel et al., 2014) and point to the importance of organized interests and elites in explaining patterns of Congressional voting that are consistent with Stolper-Samuelson models (Milner and Tingley, 2010, 2011).
Educational Model for Self-Healing: Eliminating a Chronic Migraine with Electromyography, Autogenic Training, Posture, and Mindfulness

An educational approach is often different from a clinical treatment approach to promote healing. Using an educational approach, 80% of university students who are enrolled in a holistic health course report that both acute and chronic disorders can be ameliorated or eliminated when they engage in daily self-practice of autogenic training, biofeedback self-regulation practices, and/or somatic posture awareness. This process of reducing health problems is illustrated by a case report of a 20-year-old female student who experienced three migraines per week for the past 6 years. After practicing self-regulation and body awareness techniques such as autogenic training, surface electromyography–assisted muscle awareness, diaphragmatic breathing, and postural changes, the frequency of her headaches decreased to zero. Being mindful without judgment and continuously interrupting her “chained behavior” patterns were major components for improving health. At 20-month follow-up, the student continued to be headache ...
Antimicrobial Effect of Chlorine on Listeria monocytogenes

The antimicrobial effect of reagent-grade sodium hypochlorite (SH) and household bleach (HB) on 2 strains of Listeria monoctiytogenes (Scott A and LCDC 81-861, both serotype 4a) was determined. After 24 h of growth in tryptic soy broth, cells were centrifuged, and pellets resuspended in potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Three-milliliter portions of the cell suspensions were then added to 27 ml of phosphate buffer containing about 0, 5, 10, 50, 100, or 200 ppm free residual chlorine. Cells were exposed to the chlorine for 20, 60, 120 and 300 s, at which time the chlorine was neutralized with 0.01 M sodium thiosulfate. Populations of surviving cells were determined by plating samples of the neutralized solution on tryptic soy agar and incubating the plates for 48 h at 30°C before counting. Chlorine concentrations less than about 50 ppm showed no antimicrobial effect but exposure to 50 ppm or greater chlorine resulted in no viable cells being recovered. Results for both SH and HB were similar. Dipping Brussels sprouts containing about 6 log10 colony forming units (CFU) L. monocytogenes /g into a 200-ppm chlorine solution for 10 s reduced viable cells recovered on McBrides agar by about 2 log10 CFU/g. Dipping Brussels sprouts in water alone reduced populations by about 1 log10 CFU/g.
Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles in Electricity and Transportation Networks

Wireless charging station (WCS) enables in-motion charging of the electric vehicles (EVs). This paper presents the short-term operation of WCS by capturing the interdependence among the electricity and transportation networks. In the transportation network, the total travel cost consists of the cost associated with the travel time and the cost of utilized electricity along each path. Each EV takes the path that minimizes its total travel cost. In the electricity network, the changes in WCS demand as a result of changes in the traffic flow pattern impacts the price of electricity. The changes in the price of electricity further affect the charging strategy of the EVs and the associated traffic flow pattern. The coordination between electricity and transportation networks would help mitigate congestion in the electricity network by routing the traffic flow in the transportation network. The presented formulation leverages decentralized optimization to address the economic dispatch in the electricity network as well as the traffic assignment in the transportation network. The presented case studies highlight the merit of the presented model and the developed algorithms for the coordinated operation of WCS in electricity and transportation networks.
Theorizing the Decision-Making Process for Divorce or Reconciliation

Divorce is commonplace in the United States, with an abundant scholarship on the phenomenon. Most research has focused on predictors of divorce, associations between divorce and family member well-being, and interventions and policies for divorcing couples and children. Although this scholarship tells us much about why couples get divorced and the impact divorce has, it has little to say about how individuals think about and couples talk about and make meaning of their decision-making process regarding divorce or reconciliation. The purpose of this article is to examine and critique existing theoretical frameworks used to understand decision-making processes both generally in the field and specifically in the context of divorce ideation. Our goal is to propose future research and theory directions that are better suited to capturing the complexity of decision-making processes within the liminal space of the lives of individuals who are married but facing the proximate possibility of divorce.
Resilience: concepts and measures

Inertia, the resistance of an ecosystem property to change under stress, is distinguished from resilience, which refers to the degree, manner, and pace of change or recovery in ecosystem properties following disturbance. In turn, these two terms are differentiated from ‘stability’, which is used here to refer to the pattern of natural fluctuation in ecosystem properties in the absence of major exogenous disturbance. Four component attributes of resilience are reviewed in the context of Mediterranean-climate examples. The elasticity component concerns the rate of recovery of an ecosystem property following disturbance; amplitude, the threshold of stress beyond which recovery to the initial state does not occur; hysteresis, the degree to which the pattern of recovery after stress differs from that of deterioration under chronic stress, and malleability, the ease with which the ecosystem can become permanently altered. Each ecosystem property will typically reveal a different level of resilience to a given stress and stressor. The degree of recovery should not be expected to be complete in any event, due to sample variability and stochastic events. In cyclically-stable ecosystems, the pattern of recovery should be measured in light of this periodicity, and short-term (within-cycle) recovery distinguished from long-term (between-cycle) recovery. The prediction of resilience properties of ecosystems can be approached through a knowledge of the modular structure of foodwebs, through knowledge of the autecological adaptations of key species to the stressor, or through cumulative experience of the response to disturbance at the community level. At present there is much room for investigation of each of these approaches in Mediterranean-climate ecosystems.
Estimations of Gasifier Wall Temperature and Extent of Slag Penetration Using a Refractory Brick with Embedded Sensors

The short service life of refractory lining in a slagging gasifier in the integrated gasification combined cycle results in low availability and high operating cost. For longer life of the refractory lining, estimation of slag penetration length and monitoring of wall temperature are important. In this paper, we have investigated two types of embedded sensors in the refractory lining of gasifier, namely, thermistor and interdigital capacitor, to estimate the wall temperature profile and extent of slag penetration. Conventional correlation-based approaches are not satisfactory for estimating outputs of interest from the raw sensor data for these systems because of high temperature gradient along the sensor as well as temporal change in the refractory properties due to slag penetration. Therefore, a thermal model of refractory brick, slag penetration model, and models of the embedded sensors are developed and used to estimate temperature and slag penetration profile by using linear and nonlinear estimators.
Lack of Compactness for Bounded Ω

In this chapter we present a simple situation of a variational problem on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ ℝ N for which the corresponding functional does not satisfy the Palais-Smale condition (PS)c at certain levels c ∈ ℝ. We are referring to the so-called strongly resonant problems, a terminology introduced in Bartolo-Benci-Fortunato [8] for a resonant problem where the nonlinearity g(s) was such that lim|s|→∞ g(s) = 0 and lim|s|→∞ G(s) = β < ∞. Such problems did not fall under the Landesman-Lazer [49] or the Ahmad-Lazer-Paul
Can I Smile with Spirit? A Process Model associating Workplace Spirituality and Emotional Labor

Workplace spirituality (WS) is a framework of organizational values embedded in the culture of the organization that promotes employees to experience a sense of meaningfulness at work, sense of con...
Information Policy and e-Learning

Information policies effect all aspects of the e-learning environment from privacy and security to creation, access and use of intellectual property through backup, storage and destruction of data and creative works. This chapter provides a working definition of information policy for e-leaders, discusses particularly relevant types of information policies, and considers areas for decision-making. Action steps to inventory, evaluate, and recommend information policies are included in the second part of the chapter. Through considering the ideas presented e-learning leaders will be more effective in managing the information policy environment in their organization.
Cyclin A Turns on Bora to Light the Path to Mitosis.

Mitotic entry is an irreversible cell-cycle transition that requires the robust, rapid activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). In this issue of Developmental Cell, Vigneron et al. (2018) identify cyclin A-Cdk1 as the factor triggering mitotic entry through the phosphorylation of Bora, an activator of the kinase Aurora A.
Image-Guidance in Frontal Sinus Surgery

The utilization of image-guidance systems continues to increase for sinus surgery in general and frontal sinus surgery in particular.
Alterations of arachidonate metabolism in cardiovascular system by cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking is known to be a major risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction, thromboembolism and atherosclerosis(l). The underlying mechanisms by which cigarette smoking can contribute to these disorders are yet to be defined. Recently, two families of biologically potent fatty acids were discovered and found to have profound effects on the cardiopulmonary system(2,3). They may play dominant roles in the physiology of vascular homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and emphysema. Both families of fatty acids are derived from arachidonic acid by two separate pathways. The cyclooxygenase pathway leads to the formation of intermediary prostaglandin endoperoxides (PGG2, PGH2) followed by the synthesis of vasoconstrictive and proaggregatory thromboxane A2(TXA2) in platelets(4) and that of vasodilatory and anti-aggregatory prostacyclin (PGI2) in vascular wall(5). The opposing action of TXA2 and PGI2 provides a balanced interaction between platelets and vascular cells. TXA2, PGI2 and other prostaglandins (PG) are oxidized and inactivated by NAD+ -dependent 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase present in various tissues(6,7). The lipoxygenase pathway involves the formation of chemotactic 12-hydroxyeicosa-tetraenoic acid (12-HETE) in platelets(8) and possibly in vascular cells(9). This hydroxy fatty acid may control the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the development of atherosclerotic plaques(10).
Seven-Year Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms and Their Predictors Among Older Americans:

Objective: This study examined the trajectories of depressive symptoms and associated factors in older adults using an enhanced group-based trajectory modeling. Method: The study sample consisted of 7,573 adults aged ≥65 years from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (Rounds 1-7). Depressive trajectories were estimated using a group-based trajectory modeling accounting for nonrandom attrition. Results: A four-trajectory model including "persistently low" (77.7%), "increasing" (7.9%), "declining," (5.5%), and "persistently high" (8.9%) was the best fit using methods accounting for nonrandom attrition. In comparison, methods not accounting for attrition estimated that only 3.2% of older adults were on the "persistently high" trajectory. There were significant differences in depressive trajectories by age, race/ethnicity, sex, physical, and cognitive functioning, and social connections. Discussion: Persistently high depressive symptoms affected a larger proportion of older adults than previously estimated. Depression had a more long-term and increasing course in the oldest-old.
Initiating opioid agonist treatment for opioid use disorder nationally in the Veterans Health Administration: Who gets what?

AbstractBackground: Despite substantial benefits associated with opioid agonist treatment (OAT) with buprenorphine and methadone for opioid use disorder (OUD), only a small proportion of patients w...
‘CAVCA Buries BIACI’: Activating Decolonial Tools in Cartagena de Indias

Our essay tells the story of the First International Biennial of Contemporary Art held in Cartagena de Indias from February to April 2014, and the creation of an artist activist collective forged as a result of the lack of support for the region’s artists. The Biennial was designed to attract the globetrotting art elite and promote Cartagena as an artistic center at a time when the state was attempting to improve its international image and present a new Colombia—one committed to peace. A group of local artists created an artist collective, entitled the Community of Visual Artists of Cartagena and Bolivar (CAVCA) to draw attention to the colonial processes in operation. CAVCA developed a repertoire of strategies to launch their complaints, including art-activist postering, digital vandalism, the parodying of ‘great art’ through performance, and the staging of mock funerals through the creation of Las Meninas Emputas!—a performance project that consisted of disruptive interventions online and in public spaces during the Biennial and in the years since. By comparing the strategies the Biennial employed with those generated by CAVCA, our chapter speaks to the sustainability of colonial logic through the arts and the conditions of possibility for its undoing.
Carceral Practices and Geographies in Roman North Africa: A Case Study

I explore the landscape of carceral practices and geographies in late antique Roman North Africa by applying a comparative lens to carceral punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines. I situate the research within the field of carceral studies, using the concept of carceral practices and geographies (as opposed to the narrower concepts of prison and imprisonment). I first offer a contextualization of the punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines as carceral punishments, remaining especially sensitive to the legal, material, and spatial aspects of each punishment. I then consider how different North African Christians used their carceral punishments and geographies to negotiate issues of political and social power in the broader Roman Mediterranean, specifically the letter exchange between Cyprian and three other groups of Christians condemned to the mines (Ep. 76–79). I use the letter correspondence as a case study to explore the “real-and-imagined” aspects of carceral practices and geographies in Roman North Africa. The carceral punishments of exile and condemnation to the mines have legal, material, social, gendered, rhetorical, and lived-experience components, all of which are treated as distinct, yet also fluid and intersectional with each other. I conclude by gesturing to how the case study adds texture to our understanding of how carceral punishment worked in Late Antiquity.
Electromagnetic scattering by an inhomogeneous penetrable material with an embedded resistive sheet

This paper presents the method of moments (mom) formulation for the electromagnetic scattering by an inhomogeneous penetrable material with an embedded resistive sheet. Triangular surface facets and tetrahedral volume cells are used to discretize the scatterer allowing for greater flexibility in the geometric modeling of the material body. The formulation is very general in that it allows for a variety of material configurations : open or closed conducting surfaces, open or closed resistive (thin dielectric) surfaces, solid dielectric/ferrite material volumes, embedded conducting/resistive surfaces in material volumes, and partially embedded conducting/resistive surfaces (cladded materials). Results for a material coated resistive spherical shell and a material propeller blade are presented.
DYNC1LI2 regulates localization of the chaperone-mediated autophagy-receptor LAMP2A and improves cellular homeostasis in cystinosis

SUMMARY The dynein motor protein complex is required for retrograde transport but the functions of the intermediate-light chains that form the cargo-binding complex are not elucidated and the importance of individual subunits in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis is unknown. Here, using mRNA arrays and protein analysis, we show that the dynein subunit, intermediate chain 2 (DYNC1LI2) is downregulated in cystinosis, a lysosomal storage disorder caused by genetic defects in the lysosomal cystine transporter, cystinosin. Reconstitution of the expression of DYNC1LI2 in Ctns-/- cells re-established endolysosomal dynamics. Defective vesicular trafficking in cystinotic cells was rescued by DYNC1LI2 expression which correlated with decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress manifested as decreased expression levels of the chaperone Grp78. Mitochondrial fragmentation in cystinotic fibroblasts was also rescued by DYNC1LI2. Survival of cystinotic cells to oxidative stress insult was increased by DYNC1LI2 reconstitution but not by its paralog DYNC1LI1, which also failed to decrease ER stress levels and mitochondrial fragmentation. Restoring DYNC1LI2 expression rescued the localization of the chaperone-mediated autophagy receptor, LAMP2A, and restored cellular homeostasis of cystinotic proximal tubule cells, the primary cell type affected in cystinosis. DYNC1LI2 failed to rescue phenotypes in cystinotic cells when LAMP2A was downregulated or when co-expressed with dominant negative (DN) RAB7 or DN-RAB11, which regulate LAMP2A trafficking. DYNC1LI2 emerges as a new target to repair underlying trafficking and CMA defects in cystinosis, a mechanism that is not restored by currently used lysosomal depletion therapies.
Considerations in the Assessment and Treatment of Aggression and Disruption

Aggression and disruption pose significant risks to caregivers of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Previous literature suggests that specific diagnosis, level of impairment, gender, and communication deficits may impact the severity of aggression and disruption in this population. Additionally, the probability of aggression and disruption is higher in individuals dually diagnosed with IDD and certain genetic and psychiatric conditions. Clinicians working with individuals presenting with aggression and disruptive behavior should conduct a thorough functional behavioral assessment to determine the specific contingencies that may maintain these behaviors. This chapter will discuss the overall prevalence of aggression and disruptive behavior in dually diagnosed individuals and will emphasize considerations in the assessment of these topographies of problem behavior.
462. Prevalence and Outcome of Asymptomatic Procedural Patients with COVID-19 Infection

Background: Guidelines recommend testing for SARS-COV-2 in asymptomatic individuals who are undergoing time-sensitive major surgery or aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) to guide infection prevention practices, including PPE use, and minimize risk of potential poor outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection by delaying the procedure in positive patients However, evidence to support these recommendations are limited We describe the outcome of asymptomatic patients with SARS-COV-2 undergoing surgery or AGPs Methods: We implemented a system-wide policy to test all patients requiring intubation or other AGPs at Henry Ford Health System (HFHS), a 5-hospital system in southeast Michigan This was a retrospective review of asymptomatic surgical patients with COVID-19 infection between 5/1/2020-5/31/2020 All patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of upper respiratory tract were included Demographics, comorbidities, procedural/surgical categories, symptoms and outcomes were evaluated Results: 4381 COVID-19 PCR tests were performed pre-procedurally during the study period, of which 18 (0 4%) were positive Summary of characteristics is presented in Table 1 Mean age was 49 7 years, and the majority were female (61%) and black (67%) Six (33%) of 18 surgeries were performed despite positive COVID-19 PCR as shown in Table 2 Of those who had the procedure performed, none developed symptoms within 14 days Two (11%) patients developed symptoms within 14 days of positive PCR after their procedures were canceled None of those who had their procedure delayed developed any symptoms Of the total patients, none required hospitalization or died Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 infection was very low in our asymptomatic patient population Decisions around SARS-CoV-2 testing in asymptomatic patients undergoing procedures should be based on exposure history and prevalence of disease in the community to avoid unnecessary testing and diversion of resources away from symptomatic patients (Table Presented)