cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of the Ada2 and Ada3 Transcriptional Coactivators in Histone Acetylation

Previous studies have shown that the transcriptional coactivator protein Gcn5 functions as a catalytic histone acetyltransferase (HAT). In this work, we examine the roles of the Ada2 and Ada3 coactivator proteins that are functionally linked to Gcn5. We show that yeast Ada2, Ada3, and Gcn5 form a catalytic core of the ADA and Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase HAT complexes, which is necessary and sufficient in vitro for nucleosomal HAT activity and lysine specificity of the intact HAT complexes. We also demonstrate that Ada3 is necessary for Gcn5-dependent nucleosomal HAT activity in yeast extracts. Our results suggest that Ada2 potentiates the Gcn5 catalytic activity and that Ada3 facilitates nucleosomal acetylation and an expanded lysine specificity.
Plain English and Public Administration

Language is more than a means of oral or written communication. It shapes the way we think and it is through the lens of language that problems and issues are conceptualized. It is thus useful to analyze the language of government. Moreover, the language used by public administrators might be a source of the problems facing bureaucracy and the hostility the public feels for bureaucracy. What exists in government is an institutionalized misuse of language, comprised of jargon, abstractions, acronyms, and a confusing amalgamation of syntax and doublespeak. This article examines the language of ‘bureaucratese’ by identifying common elements of bureaucratese and the problems associated with its use.
The First Heart Sound in Complete Heart Block Phono-Echocardiographic Correlations

Eight subjects with complete atrioventricular heart block were studied with simultaneous echocardiography and phonocardiography to investigate the role of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the genesis of the first heart sound (S1). Mitral valve motion was studied in all cases and tricuspid patterns in three. At P-R intervals less than 0.20 sec, mitral leaflet closure was completed by ventricular systole. Below P-R values of 0.20 sec there was an inverse relationship between P-R and S1 amplitude. With P-R between 0.20 and 0.50 sec atrial systole closed the mitral valve without recordable sound. Beyond P-R intervals of 0.50 sec there was reopening of the mitral valve and secondary closure initiated by ventricular systole which was coincident with S1. The extent of mitral leaflet separation at the onset of ventricular systole correlated with S1 amplitude. Pre-ejection period was not related to S1 intensity. Over a wide range of P-R intervals in two subjects with a split S1, tricuspid valve closure was simul...
Cross-sections for the elastic recoil of hydrogen isotopes for high energy helium ions

Abstract Cross-sections for the elastic recoil of hydrogen isotopes, including tritium, have been measured for 4He2+ ions in the energy range of 9.0–11.6 MeV. These cross-sections have been measured at a scattering angle of 30° in the laboratory frame. Cross-sections were measured by allowing a 4He2+ beam to fall incident on solid targets of ErH2, ErD2 and ErT2, each of 500 nm nominal thickness and known areal densities of H, D, T and Er. The uncertainty in each cross-section is estimated to be ±3.2%.
Manifolds of nonpositive curvature and their buildings

Let M be a complete Riemannian manifold of bounded nonpositive sectional curvature and finite volume. We construct a topological Tits building Δ $$\tilde M$$ associated to the universal cover of M. If M is irreducible and rank (M)≥2, we show that Δ $$\tilde M$$ is a building canonically associated with a Lie group and hence that M is locally symmetric.
Remodeling of the heart in hypertrophy in animal models with myosin essential light chain mutations

Cardiac hypertrophy represents one of the most important cardiovascular problems yet the mechanisms responsible for hypertrophic remodeling of the heart are poorly understood. In this report we aimed to explore the molecular pathways leading to two different phenotypes of cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice carrying mutations in the human ventricular myosin essential light chain (ELC). Mutation-induced alterations in the heart structure and function were studied in two transgenic (Tg) mouse models carrying the A57G (alanine to glycine) substitution or lacking the N-terminal 43 amino acid residues (Δ43) from the ELC sequence. The first model represents an HCM disease as the A57G mutation was shown to cause malignant HCM outcomes in humans. The second mouse model is lacking the region of the ELC that was shown to be important for a direct interaction between the ELC and actin during muscle contraction. Our earlier studies demonstrated that >7 month old Tg-Δ43 mice developed substantial cardiac hypertrophy with no signs of histopathology or fibrosis. Tg mice did not show abnormal cardiac function compared to Tg-WT expressing the full length human ventricular ELC. Previously reported pathological morphology in Tg-A57G mice included extensive disorganization of myocytes and interstitial fibrosis with no abnormal increase in heart mass observed in >6 month-old animals. In this report we show that strenuous exercise can trigger hypertrophy and pathologic cardiac remodeling in Tg-A57G mice as early as 3 months of age. In contrast, no exercise-induced changes were noted for Tg-Δ43 hearts and the mice maintained a non-pathological cardiac phenotype. Based on our results, we suggest that exercise-elicited heart remodeling in Tg-A57G mice follows the pathological pathway leading to HCM, while it induces no abnormal response in Tg-Δ43 mice.
Aerosol optical thickness and atmospheric path radiance

Simultaneous measurements from the ground of the spectral optical thickness and the atmospheric path radiance from over 30 sites located in many parts of the world and affected by several different aerosol types are reported. These measurements are used to derive the relationship between the optical thickness and the path radiance for a single viewing and illumination geometry and to discuss its implications on remote sensing observations. It is shown that simple measurements performed from the ground can yield empirical relationships that can be used to check some of the common but not validated assumptions about the particle homogeneity, sphericity, composition, and size distribution used in remote sensing models and in estimates of the radiative effects of aerosol. The results are used to test concepts of atmospheric corrections and remote sensing of aerosol from space.
Effect of blood transfusion on outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy for exocrine tumour of the pancreas.

Background: Blood transfusion is thought to have an immunosuppressive effect. The aims of this study were to examine survival in patients with pancreatic cancer receiving blood transfusion in association with pancreaticoduodenectomy, and to define preoperative risk factors for subsequent transfusion. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of a prospective database of patients with exocrine tumours of the head of the pancreas who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between 1998 and 2003. Clinical data, transfusion records and preoperative laboratory values were recorded. Results: A total of 294 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for exocrine tumours in the pancreatic head. Of these, 140 (47·6 per cent) received a blood transfusion. Their median survival was 18 months, compared with 24 months for those who did not have a transfusion (P = 0·036). Postoperative transfusion, margin status and node stage were independent predictors of survival. Age and preoperative total bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were the only preoperative factors that correlated with transfusion. Conclusion: In patients with exocrine tumours of the pancreas, blood transfusion should be avoided when possible. Preoperative risk factors can identify patients who are likely to require transfusion and would therefore benefit most from blood conservation methods. Copyright © 2007 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pb2+ as modulator of protein-membrane interactions.

Lead is a potent environmental toxin that mimics the effects of divalent metal ions, such as zinc and calcium, in the context of specific molecular targets and signaling processes. The molecular mechanism of lead toxicity remains poorly understood. The objective of this work was to characterize the effect of Pb(2+) on the structure and membrane-binding properties of C2α. C2α is a peripheral membrane-binding domain of Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα), which is a well-documented molecular target of lead. Using NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) techniques, we established that C2α binds Pb(2+) with higher affinity than its natural cofactor, Ca(2+). To gain insight into the coordination geometry of protein-bound Pb(2+), we determined the crystal structures of apo and Pb(2+)-bound C2α at 1.9 and 1.5 A resolution, respectively. A comparison of these structures revealed that the metal-binding site is not preorganized and that rotation of the oxygen-donating side chains is required for the metal coordination to occur. Remarkably, we found that holodirected and hemidirected coordination geometries for the two Pb(2+) ions coexist within a single protein molecule. Using protein-to-membrane Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy, we demonstrated that Pb(2+) displaces Ca(2+) from C2α in the presence of lipid membranes through the high-affinity interaction with the membrane-unbound C2α. In addition, Pb(2+) associates with phosphatidylserine-containing membranes and thereby competes with C2α for the membrane-binding sites. This process can contribute to the inhibitory effect of Pb(2+) on the PKCα activity.
Real-time issues in distributed multimedia systems

The fundamental characteristics of multimedia systems is that they incorporate continuous media, such as voice, video, and animated graphics. This implies the need for multimedia systems to handle data with strict timing requirements and at high rate. This article discusses important real-time issues in distributed multimedia systems including media synchronization, operating system support for continuous media, scheduling issues for on-demand multimedia applications, and real-time architectures of future interactive TV-converter boxes. Several solutions of these problems are presented in the article. >
Gender Differences in Patterns of Searching the Web

There has been a national call for increased use of computers and technology in schools. Currently, however, little is known about how students use and learn from these technologies. This study explores how eighth-grade students use the Web to search for, browse, and find information in response to a specific prompt (how mosquitoes find their prey). A previous analysis (Roy, Taylor & Chi, 2003) found that boys performed significantly better on gaining target-specific (information directly related to the prompt) and target-related (information related to mosquitoes in general) knowledge than girls. The current article explores this difference further by examining how students searched the Web for information. Each student's search behavior was diagramed out and a series of six different “search moves” were derived. Statistical analysis of these search variables revealed that boys tended to employ a different search pattern from girls and that this variation in search behavior was related to the pattern of ...
A Combined Global and Local Approach for Automated Registration of High-Resolution Satellite Images Using Optimum Extrema Points

Here we present an automated image-to-image registration method for high-resolution satellite images that combines a global affine transformation with non-linear local warping. We also present a novel feature matching method based on local image feature similarity, the spatial relationship amongst local extrema points (EPs), as well as k-sigma editing techniques to select optimum EPs for global affine transformation. The global affine coefficients are determined using the EP solutions that have similar affine transformations. Finally, local image warping is performed to adjust nonlinear distortions in the imagery caused by topography and/or sensor viewing geometry variations between scenes. Experiments and evaluation results from five test sites show that feature points can be automatically extracted and correctly matched between the input and reference images. The registration accuracy is within 2 pixels and is improved for areas with significant topographic variations.
Electrode Lithiation: Effects of Particle Size, Electronic Connectivity, and Incoherent Nanoscale Domains on the Sequence of Lithiation in LiFePO4Porous Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 42/2015)

Author(s): Li, Yiyang; Meyer, Sophie; Lim, Jongwoo; Lee, Sang Chul; Gent, William E; Marchesini, Stefano; Krishnan, Harinarayan; Tyliszczak, Tolek; Shapiro, David; Kilcoyne, Arthur L David; Chueh, William C
Heart rate and behavior are regulated independently of corticosterone following diverse acute stressors

Captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were subjected to five acute stressors: a visual stressor (strobe light), an auditory stressor (music), and disturbance by three different humans; their accustomed caretaker, an antagonist (the experimenter), and a novel human. Heart rate (HR), behavioral, and corticosterone (CORT) responses to each stressor were simultaneously recorded. The visual stressor elicited a significantly lower maximal HR response [approximately 550 beats per minute (bpm)] that returned to basal levels (335 bpm) more quickly than the HR increases elicited by any of the four other stressors (approximately 700 bpm). These data suggest that the degree of novelty may alter the magnitude and duration of the HR response. Behaviorally, both the auditory stressor and the human antagonist caused a significant decrease in preening behavior without subsequent increases in activity, beak wiping (a behavioral indicator of displaced aggression), or bouts of feeding and/or drinking. In contrast to the stressor-specific differences in HR and behavior, all five acute stressors elicited similar sub-maximal CORT responses, suggesting the presence of a standardized CORT response to sudden, acute stimuli in wild captive starlings. The data indicate that starlings modulate HR, CORT, and behavioral responses depending upon the stressor, but that these three pathways are regulated independently.
Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders: Symptom interplay and effects on outcome

This study examined concurrent and prospective associations between substance use disorder (SUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and symptoms and mechanisms underlying these associations. Participants (n=133) were assessed at intake and 6 months following inpatient SUD treatment. Patients differed by baseline PTSD status on psychiatric comorbidity and substance use history but not on current substance use symptoms. Participants with alcohol use disorders reported a greater number of reexperiencing symptoms. Baseline PTSD status did not predict substance use outcome. However, change in PTSD status over follow-up predicted substance use outcomes; those with unremitted PTSD demonstrated poorer SUD outcome than those with remitted PTSD. General psychiatric distress at follow-up was associated with poorer outcomes, and such distress mediated the association between PTSD change status and substance use outcome. Findings suggest that clinicians should assess for PTSD among those with SUD and, during treatment, should monitor PTSD and other psychological symptoms, which may be risk factors for relapse to substance abuse.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1) expression in prostate cancer progression: Correlation with androgen independence

BACKGROUND. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1) in the progression of prostate cancer is incompletely understood. METHODS. Tissue microarrays from hormone-naive and advanced androgen-independent tumors were used to investigate the role of ErbB1 in prostate cancer progression. RESULTS. ErbB1 expression in tumor tissues was strongly associated with hormonerefractory status (odds ratio ¼6.67, 95% CI ¼(2.6, 17.4), P ¼0.0001). However, ErbB1 overexpression was not a statistically significant covariate in a multivariate proportional hazards
A 15-Year Climatology of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Size Parameters

Abstract The extended best-track (EBT) dataset combines the information contained in the tropical cyclone best-track dataset with measurements of tropical cyclone “size parameters.” These parameters include the radii of the eye (REYE), maximum winds (RMW), gale-force winds (or size; 17.5 m s−1; R17), damaging-force winds (25.7 m s−1; R26), hurricane-force winds (32.9 m s−1; R33), and the outermost closed isobar (ROCI). The latest update of this dataset, to be used in this study for a size parameter climatology, contains the size parameters for North Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1988 to 2002. Such a climatology has not yet been established in this basin. Most of the results of this North Atlantic study agree with documented tropical cyclone theory and results from similar studies of northwest Pacific tropical cyclones. This provides confidence that the observations of the size parameters in the dataset are reliable. Furthermore, data west and east of 55°W (the boundary beyond which no aircraft observati...
Strings and Things for Locating Earthquakes

When one hears that an earthquake has occurred, one of the first questions is, “Where was it?” For the general public, this question often determines the importance of another question, “How big was it?” Upon learning the location and size, one may wonder how this information was determined. For those interested in how earthquakes are located, we have developed an interactive, three-dimensional analog computer that uses a map, strings, and a time-distance scale to find the location of an earthquake (latitude, longitude, and depth) based on seismic wave arrival times. We also have developed a set of lesson plans to present the ideas used for locating earthquakes to grade-school students, college classes, and the general public. The device is suitable for both permanent mounting in a science museum or can be transported easily to schools or other educational and outreach venues. Our prototype analog earthquake locator is housed in the Public Earthquake Resource Center (PERC) at the University of Memphis and also is taken to local classrooms. The most popular introductory method for showing how to locate earthquakes is the circle method, which is based on drawing circles around seismic stations on a map or a globe (figure 1). The circles' radii are based on the length of time between the arrival of the P and S waves, Ts – Tp , at each station. This time difference is converted to a distance by using a table or multiplying by a given velocity. How the velocity or the values in the table are determined is usually not discussed. The distance determined from the Ts – Tp time is used as the radius of a circle that can be drawn on the map or globe by a student using a compass. Laboratory exercises and presentations about earthquakes …
Salicylate toxicity model of tinnitus

Salicylate, the active component of the common drug aspirin, has mild analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects at moderate doses. At higher doses, however, salicylate temporarily induces moderate hearing loss and the perception of a high-pitch ringing in humans and animals. This phantom perception of sound known as tinnitus is qualitatively similar to the persistent subjective tinnitus induced by high-level noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, or aging, which affects ∼14% of the general population. For over a quarter century, auditory scientists have used the salicylate toxicity model to investigate candidate biochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying phantom sound perception. In this review, we summarize some of the intriguing biochemical and physiological effects associated with salicylate-induced tinnitus, some of which occur in the periphery and others in the central nervous system. The relevance and general utility of the salicylate toxicity model in understanding phantom sound perception in general are discussed.
Adaptational Style and Dispositional Structure: Coping in the Context of the Five‐Factor Model

ABSTRACT We review prior evidence—and present data of our own—linking measures of adaptational style to the traits comprising the five-factor model of personality. Neuroticism has been studied most extensively and is consistently associated with passive and ineffective coping mechanisms. Conscientiousness has emerged as an equally powerful predictor of coping; however, it is related to active, problem-focused response strategies. Extraversion is less broadly related to coping but tends to be correlated with social support seeking, positive reappraisal, and problem-focused coping. Openness is largely unrelated to many traditional coping inventories, but appears to reflect a more flexible, imaginative, and intellectually curious approach to problem solving. Finally, Agreeableness is only modestly related to coping. These results demonstrate the value of using well-articulated taxonomic schemes as a framework for trait-based research.
Chip level power supply partitioning for I/sub DDQ/ testing using built-in current sensors

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors projects that I/sub DDQ/ levels will rise rapidly with each technology node. In addition, manufacturing variations in the I/sub DDQ/ level will be difficult to control. This combination will make it increasingly difficult to distinguish defect-free from defective chips via I/sub DDQ/ tests. Built-in current sensors (BICSs) have been proposed to increase test resolution by virtually partitioning the supply mesh, so that each partition has a relatively small defect-free I/sub DDQ/ level. In the future, such a scheme would require 100000 or more BICSs and thus the partitioning task needs to be automated. This paper presents a practical methodology to carry out this power supply partitioning.
The Role of Siderophores in the Transport of Radionuclides

Iron exists in aerobic soil and water environments most commonly as insoluble Fe(III). Siderophores are powerful, microbially produced chelating agents that are used to mobilize the insoluble Fe(III) cation. Over 80 siderophores have been isolated and characterized, with some reportedly having iron-binding constants as high as 10{sup 52}. Fe(III) and Pu(IV) are similar in their charge/ionic radius ratio (4.6 and 4.2, respectively); therefore, Pu(IV) may serve as analog to Fe(III). It is possible that some radioactive wastes could be chelated by naturally occurring siderophores, thereby altering the transport rates of those elements through the subsurface environment. This investigation was initiated to investigate that possibility. The binding of {sup 239}(IV) by four chelating agents is reported in this paper: a siderophore isolated and purified from a Pseudomonas sp.; desferal, a ferrioxamine siderophore commonly used for deferration therapy; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and, citrate, trisodium salt.
Generational conflict, fiscal policy, and economic growth

Worldwide, dependency ratios are forecast to increase dramatically in the next 50 years. A great deal of attention has been devoted to understanding the changes in fiscal policies that ‘‘must’’ take place to accommodate these changes and maintain desirable rates of economic growth. In contrast, less effort has been concentrated on studying the fiscal shifts that will endogenously result from demographic pressures. In particular, will a more elderly population support spending for those programs (e.g., education) that most directly augment the earnings of the young? If not, will this reduce economic growth? We investigate the effect of demographic transition on the endogenous determination of productive public spending. A demographic transition alters the identity of the median voter, leading to a preference for less spending. While this may reduce productive spending, it may also reduce tax rates and raise capital per worker. Simulations, calibrated to empirical estimates of the economic return to education, suggest that demographic transition will reduce output, despite a larger capital stock, unless education services become more productive in raising human capital.
mBio Addresses the Pause in Gain-of-Function (GOF) Experiments Involving Pathogens with Pandemic Potential (PPP)

Since the spring of 2014, there has been a vibrant debate in the scientific community about the benefits and risks of so-called gain-of-function (GOF) studies involving pathogens with pandemic potential and particularly highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) (1). In October 2014, the U.S. government announced a pause for research involving GOF experiments with three respiratory viruses—influenza virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus—if that research could be “reasonably anticipated” to enhance their pathogenicity or transmissibility (http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2014/10/17/doing-diligence-assess-risks-and-benefits-life-sciences-gain-function-research), a pause that is currently in effect. In the same month, the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) met …
Image-guided phased array system for ultrasound thermotherapy

An image-guided ultrasonic phased array system for non-invasive tissue ablation is described. Image guidance is provided by processing beamformed RF-data from a commercially available scanner. Two dimensional estimates of tissue temperature are obtained in real-time by implementing a high-speed displacement tracking algorithm. Experimental results validate our approach for image guidance in which the therapy array is initially driven at low (non-destructive) intensity sufficient to cause a small change in temperature at the focus. Two-dimensional non-invasive temperature data is then used to localize and assess the quality of the focus. If the extent and location of the focal spot are consistent with expected values, a high-intensity pulse capable of causing tissue ablation is delivered. Preliminary in-vitro beef muscle experiments are reported, showing successful visualization of the location and quality of the HIFU focus followed by an ablative pulse. Dissection revealed lesion formation (/spl sim/2 mm dia., 12 mm long, 30 mm deep within the tissue) at the expected location.
Precise Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Southern Leaf Blight, Caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus Race O, and Flowering Time Using Advanced Intercross Maize Lines

The intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) population, an advanced intercross recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the maize lines B73 (susceptible) and Mo17 (resistant), was evaluated in four environments for resistance to southern leaf blight (SLB) disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus race O. Two environments were artificially inoculated, while two were not inoculated and consequently had substantially lower disease pressure. Four common SLB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified in all environments, two in bin 3.04 and one each in bins 1.10 and 8.02/3. There was no significant correlation between disease resistance and days to anthesis. A direct comparison was made between SLB QTL detected in two populations, independently derived from the same parental cross: the IBM advanced intercross population and a conventional recombinant inbred line population. Several QTL for SLB resistance were detected in both populations, with the IBM providing between 5 and, in one case, 50 times greater mapping resolution.
Seating rearrangements on arbitrary graphs

We exhibit a combinatorial model based on seating rearrangements, motivated by some problems proposed in the 1990s by Kennedy, Cooper, and Honsberger. We provide a simpler interpretation of their results on rectangular grids, and then generalize the model to arbitrary graphs. This generalization allows us to pose a variety of well-motivated counting problems on other frequently studied families of graphs.
Zinc absorption from low-phytate hybrids of maize and their wild-type isohybrids

BACKGROUND Identification of allelic variants in a single gene that determine the phytate content of maize kernels and the subsequent breeding of low-phytate maize have facilitated studies designed to determine quantitatively the effects of maize phytate on the bioavailability of minerals in maize. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine the relation between the fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) and the phytate content and phytate:zinc molar ratios of maize tortillas prepared from hybrids with different phytate contents. DESIGN Six healthy adults were fed, as the only food for 2 d, maize tortillas prepared from 1 of 2 low-phytate mutants: lpa1-1 (lpa1-1-LP) or Nutridense Low Phytate (ND-LP), which have phytate reductions of approximately 60% and approximately 80%, respectively, compared with their respective wild-type isohybrids. Four additional subjects were fed tortillas prepared from the corresponding wild-type isohybrids (lpa1-1-WT and ND-WT) according to the same study design. Meals were extrinsically labeled with zinc stable isotopes, and FAZ was determined with a dual-isotope-tracer ratio technique. Overall FAZ values were examined in relation to dietary phytate and phytate:zinc molar ratios by using a mixed nonlinear regression model. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) FAZ values from tortillas prepared from ND-LP, lpa1-1-LP, lpa1-1-WT, and ND-WT were 0.38 +/- 0.07, 0.28 +/- 0.04, 0.15 +/- 0.07, and 0.13 +/- 0.05, respectively. A negative relation (P < 0.001) was found between FAZ and both dietary phytate and the phytate:zinc molar ratio. The effect of dietary zinc (8-14 mg Zn/d) under these experimental conditions was not significant. CONCLUSIONS FAZ from maize tortillas is positively related to the extent of phytate reduction achieved with low-phytate hybrids.
Comparison of Two Evaluative Procedures on Retention by College Students

A comparison of two evaluative procedures, precision teaching and a traditional method, on retention was made. College students were randomly assigned to one of the two groups and given identical lectures and reading assignments. A multiple-choice examination was administered at the completion of instruction. An analysis of the scores revealed significantly better retention by students in the precision teaching procedure.
Ocular toxicity of intravitreous transforming growth factor-beta 1.

PURPOSE To evaluate the ocular toxicity of intravitreous transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta(1)). METHODS Eyes of New Zealand white rabbits were injected intravitreally with TGF-beta(1) in doses of 20, 10, 5, 1 or 0.5 micrograms. Electroretinography and clinical examination were performed before and after the injection. At either 10 or 30 days after injection, the eyes were enucleated and examined histologically. The endothelium of fresh corneas, which had received 20 micrograms TGF-beta(1) or nothing, were checked 5 days after injection. RESULTS Corneal opacity was caused by doses > or = 10 micrograms in 7 of 7 eyes; by doses of 5 micrograms in 3 of 4 eyes; and by doses of 1 microgram in 1 of 4 eyes. Doses > or = 5 micrograms also caused pannus formation in 15 of 16 eyes. Ten days after injection there was some decrease in B-wave amplitude on electroretinography. Thirty days after injection the electroretinographic responses had recovered, except in the eyes injected with 20 micrograms TGF-beta(1), which still showed a decrease in step 1. Histological examination of paraffin sections did not demonstrate significant change. Corneal thickness of the eyes receiving 20 micrograms TGF-beta(1) was twice that of the normal cornea and some corneal endothelial cells lost their hexagonal shape. CONCLUSION TGF-beta(1) injected intravitreally at doses > or = 1 micrograms is toxic to the cornea. Retinal function is only slightly disturbed by 20 micrograms of TGF-beta(1).
The catalysis of heme degradation by purified NADPH cytochrome C reductase in the absence of other microsomal proteins

The report by Schacter et al. (J Biol Chem 247: 3601, 1972) that an antibody to NADPH-cytochrome c oxidoreductase inhibited NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and heme oxygenase activities in rat and pig liver and spleen microsomes demonstrated the role of this flavoprotein in microsomal heme oxygenation. Recent studies from other laboratories (Yoshida et al., J Biochem 75, 1187: 1974 and Bissell et al., Fed Proc 33: 1246, 1974) have strongly suggested that cytochrome P-450 is not involved in heme oxygenation. The availability of a homogeneous preparation of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase prompted us to test heme oxygenase activity in a system devoid of hemoprotein contamination. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase catalyzed biliverdin formation at a rate of 8.26 +/- 0.5 SEM nmole min-1mg-1 in the absence of biliverdin reductase. The rate of bilirubin formation in the presence of biliverdin reductase was less than 10% of the rate of biliverdin formation, suggesting that mixture of biliverdin isomers may be produced. Biliverdin production was potently (70--80%) inhibited by catalase, but was unaffected by superoxide dismutase. Epinephrine also inhibited heme oxygenation, presumably by utilizing O2. required for the formation of H2O2 by the reductase. By extrapolation, the NADPH oxidase activity due to NADPH-cytochrome c reductase can account for heme degradation occurring in microsomes. However, the specificity of ring scission at the IXalpha position must be due to another microsomal protein, perhaps the heme oxygenase of Yoshida et al., and not cytochrome P-450.
Stabilizing Protein Motifs with a Genetically Encoded Metal-Ion Chelator.

Summary The N-peptide of HIV gp41 forms a trimeric coiled-coil intermediate during host cell-viral fusion. Stable mimics of this coiled coil could potentially serve as HIV vaccine candidates or inhibitors of viral entry. Therefore, a variety of approaches have been investigated to maintain the N-peptide in its trimeric helical conformation. Here, we utilize a genetic method to incorporate the metal chelating noncanonical amino acid (2,2′-bipyridin-5-yl)alanine (BpyAla) into IZN17, an established trimeric coiled-coil gp41 model. We demonstrate that BpyAla-IZN17 acquires Fe(II) during expression in Escherichia coli , resulting in the formation of a highly stable IZN17 helical trimer with a T m > 95°C. Removal of Fe(II) results in a 27°C decrease in thermal stability. Replacement of Fe(II) with Zn(II) also affords a T m > 90°C. Thus, the genetic introduction of BpyAla into polypeptide provides a straightforward method for stabilizing coiled-coil structural motifs in recombinantly engineered proteins.
Degradation of bleach plant effluent in sequential fungal : Bacterial reactors

Paper mill bleach plant wastewater was treated in several fixed film reactors using both bacteria and the Phanerochaete chlysosporium fungus. The objective of treatment was to remove organic pollutants including AOX, adsorbable organic halides, from the wastewater. It was found that sequential treatment of the wastewater, fungal treatment in a rotating biological contactor followed by a fixed film bacterial reactor, was a more effective treatment scheme than either a fungal or a bacterial reactor alone.
The influence of sleep deprivation and oscillating motion on sleepiness, motion sickness, and cognitive and motor performance

Our goal was to determine how sleep deprivation, nauseogenic motion, and a combination of motion and sleep deprivation affect cognitive vigilance, visual-spatial perception, motor learning and retention, and balance. We exposed four groups of subjects to different combinations of normal 8h sleep or 4h sleep for two nights combined with testing under stationary conditions or during 0.28Hz horizontal linear oscillation. On the two days following controlled sleep, all subjects underwent four test sessions per day that included evaluations of fatigue, motion sickness, vigilance, perceptual discrimination, perceptual learning, motor performance and learning, and balance. Sleep loss and exposure to linear oscillation had additive or multiplicative relationships to sleepiness, motion sickness severity, decreases in vigilance and in perceptual discrimination and learning. Sleep loss also decelerated the rate of adaptation to motion sickness over repeated sessions. Sleep loss degraded the capacity to compensate for novel robotically induced perturbations of reaching movements but did not adversely affect adaptive recovery of accurate reaching. Overall, tasks requiring substantial attention to cognitive and motor demands were degraded more than tasks that were more automatic. Our findings indicate that predicting performance needs to take into account in addition to sleep loss, the attentional demands and novelty of tasks, the motion environment in which individuals will be performing and their prior susceptibility to motion sickness during exposure to provocative motion stimulation.
Analysis and predictors of pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiac transplantation.

Elevated pulmonary vascular resistance is a known risk factor for early death from acute right ventricular failure after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Patients in whom the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance is due primarily to increased left atrial pressure (“reactive”) frequently have normalization of resistance after transplantation, but few studies have detailed the time course and magnitude of these changes. To analyze the response of pulmonary vascular resistance to cardiac transplantation, we analyzed data from 4353 right heart catheterizations on all 182 patients undergoing cardiac transplantation between 1981 and Jan. 1, 1990. Before transplantation 18% of patients had a pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 4 WU, 16% had a pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 60 mm Hg, and 16% had a transpulmonary gradient greater than 14 mm Hg. In the overall group of patients, pulmonary vascular resistance (mean value 2.63 WU), transpulmonary gradient (mean value 9.9 mm Hg), and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (mean value 48.0 mm Hg) were normalized within 1 week of cardiac transplantation. In patients with a high preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance (≥4 WU), the resistance fell promptly within 1 week of transplantation but continued to be slightly elevated throughout the period of follow-up. By multiple regression analysis, pulmonary vascular resistance at 1 week and 1 year after transplantation was significantly correlated with the pretransplantation resistance. Pulmonary vascular resistance anytime after transplantation was related to preoperative resistance, body surface area, and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. Inferences: (1) As a group, cardiac transplant recipients have a normal pulmonary vascular resistance, transpulmonary gradient, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure within 1 week after transplantation with little change thereafter for at least several years. (2) Patients with reversible elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance before cardiac transplantation typically have a reactive and a fixed component. Cardiac transplantation relieves the reactive but not the fixed component. As a result, pulmonary vascular resistance early (within 1 week) and late after transplantation will have fallen but not completely normalized.
Knowledge Extraction and Annotation for Cross-Domain Textual Case-Based Reasoning in Biologically Inspired Design

Biologically inspired design (BID) is a methodology for designing technological systems by analogy to designs of biological systems. Given that knowledge of many biological systems is available mostly in the form of textual documents, the question becomes how can we extract design knowledge about biological systems from textual documents for potential use in designing engineering systems? In earlier work, we described how annotating biology articles with partial Structure-Behavior-Function models helps users access documents relevant to a given design problem and understand the biological systems for potential transfer of their causal mechanisms to engineering problems. In this paper, we present an automated technique instantiated in the IBID system for extracting partial SBF models of biological systems from their natural language documents for potential use in biologically inspired design.
Chi-squared statistics of association and homogeneity.

In the injury field, one often obtains data that are measured in categories – either on an ordinal scale (e.g., severity of injury from mild to moderate to severe) or on a nominal scale (e.g., type...
Non-thermionic cathodes-solid state electron emitters based on GaN and LaB/sub 6/

We report the first experimental demonstration of a GaN cold cathode emitter that uses bandgap engineering to achieve low voltage, room-temperature and durable emission from a flat surface. The device consists of a GaN pn junction and a thin layer of LaB/sub 6/. The device achieves effective negative electron affinity by injecting electrons from the conduction band of a p-type wide bandgap semiconductor into vacuum through an intermediary low workfunction material.
London Calling: Britain, the BBC World Service and the Cold War. By Alban Webb. (London, United Kingdom: Bloomsbury, 2014. Pp. x, 253. $120.00.)

This book is a pioneering account of the British national security context of the BBC's external broadcasting from World War II to 1957. It provides detailed analysis of the World Service's relatio...
Spatial degrees-of-freedom in large-array full-duplex: the impact of backscattering

The key challenge for in-band full-duplex wireless communication is managing self-interference. Many designs have employed spatial isolation mechanisms, such as shielding or multi-antenna beamforming, to isolate the self-interference waveform from the receiver. Because such spatial isolation methods confine the transmit and receive signals to a subset of the available space, the full spatial resources of the channel may be under-utilized, expending a cost that may nullify the net benefit of operating in full-duplex mode. In this paper, we leverage an antenna-theory-based channel model to analyze the spatial degrees of freedom available to a full-duplex capable base station. We observe that whether or not spatial isolation out-performs time-division (i.e., half-duplex) depends heavily on the geometric distribution of scatterers. Unless the angular spread of the objects that scatter to the intended users is overlapped by the spread of objects that backscatter to the base station, then spatial isolation outperforms time division, otherwise time division may be optimal.
Mandated Psychological Assessments for Suicide Risk in a College Population: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a protocol mandating psychological assessment of college students exhibiting specific signs of suicide risk and/or nonsuicidal self-harm. Thirty-seven current and former students who had been documented as at risk completed a structured interview in person or by phone. Outcomes suggest this protocol identifies students at risk for suicide, with 27% having made an attempt at some point in their lives and 50% having been suicidal at the time the report was written. The majority of participants endorsed the value of this intervention.
Differentiating Objective Sport Knowledge Versus Subjective Sport Fanship via a Test of Exemplification in Sport Media

Recognizing the need for a more nuanced measure of sport fanship, this study utilizes an experiment to better understand the construct of sport fanship, comparing a common sport fanship measure and...
Advertising to the masses: the effects of crowding on the attention to place-based advertising

Advertising situated in environments where people congregate or pass through on their way to somewhere else benefit from being placed in such high traffic areas. However, these strategically placed...
Eleven-Year Visit

Nancy is a third-generation American and is brought for her annual camp checkup by her mother, Mrs. Jones. Nancy weighs 54 kg (119 pounds); her height is 156.2 cm (61.5 in.), putting her in the 95th percentile for both. Her blood pressure is 107/63. Her BMI is 22.1 putting her in the 93rd percentile. Her tanner stage is 3. Nancy lives in a suburb of a large city with a noted school system and expensive homes. Her parents belong to the local county club and Mrs. Jones is a member of the Junior League. Mrs. Jones is concerned that Nancy is exposed to the wrong children in the community and wants to know more about her friends and what they do together. Mrs. Jones is concerned that Nancy is not spending as much time on her school work as she used to and wants to be out with her friends more often. Nancy also is not doing all her chores lately. Mrs. Jones is proud of how Nancy has become classroom president and headed up a project to collect clothes for the homeless. But she is worried that Nancy sometimes seems disappointed in how difficult it is to organize some activities with her classmates.
Isolation of site-specific anharmonicities of individual water molecules in the I−·(H2O)2 complex using tag-free, isotopomer selective IR-IR double resonance

Abstract We reveal the microscopic mechanics of iodide ion microhydration by recording the isotopomer-selective vibrational spectra of the I − ·(H 2 O)·(D 2 O), I − ·(HOD)·(D 2 O), and I − ·(DOH)·(H 2 O) isotopologues using a new class of ion spectrometer that is optimized to carry out two-color, IR-IR photodissociation in a variety of pump-probe schemes. Using one of these, we record the linear absorption spectrum of a cryogenically cooled cluster without the use of a messenger “tag”. In another protocol, we reveal the spectra of individual H 2 O and D 2 O molecules embedded in each of the two possible binding sites in the iodide dihydrate, as well as the bands due to individual OH and OD groups in each of the four local binding environments. Finally, we demonstrate how temperature dependent isotopic scrambling among the spectral features can be used to monitor the onset of large amplitude motion, heretofore inferred from changes in the envelope of the OH stretching vibrational manifold.
Identifying the Population with Serious Illness: The “Denominator” Challenge

Abstract Background: To ensure seriously ill people and their families receive high-quality primary and specialty palliative care services, rigorous methods are needed to prospectively identify this population. Objective: To define and operationalize a definition of serious illness for the purpose of identifying patients and caregivers who need primary or specialty palliative care services. Design/Setting: Two stages of work included (1) building expert consensus around a conceptual definition of serious illness and (2) using the National Health and Aging Trends Study linked to Medicare claims data to test a range of operational definitions composed of diagnoses, utilization, and markers of care needs. Measurements: One-year outcomes included mean total Medicare costs, mortality, and percent hospitalized, as well as those reporting ≥2 measures of need and functional impairment. Sensitivity, specificity, and c-statistics (unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race, and Medicaid status) were calculated for ...