cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-range dipoles, quadrupoles, and hyperpolarizabilities of interacting inert-gas atoms

Abstract A model relating the long-range dipoles of inert-gas heterodiatoms to the distortion of the electronic structure associated with dispersion forces is presented. Expressions are given for the contributions to the dipole varying as the inverse seventh power of the atomic separation R . The model is also used to determine the long-range quadrupoles of homonuclear atomic pairs. Pair hyperpolarizabilities are obtained in the model by adding contributions of classical multipolar interactions and contributions associated with the distortion of the electronic structure. An independent test shows the consistency of the model and provides values for the effective mean-square dipoles and quadrupoles of the inert-gas atoms.
Factors contributing to breaking confidentiality with adolescent clients: A survey of pediatric psychologists.

A common ethical dilemma experienced by professional psychologists involves deciding whether to break confidentiality with risk-taking adolescent clients. However, our understanding of the factors that contribute to this decision-making process is limited. The present study surveyed 200 pediatric psychologists (resulting in 74 usable surveys) and identified several items that are perceived to be important to clinicians when they consider the decision to break confidentiality in order to report potentially dangerous behaviors to the parents of adolescent clients. The present study also used exploratory factor analysis to identify 2 underlying factors—Negative Nature of the Behavior and Maintaining the Therapeutic Process—as crucial to the decision-making process. How do psychologists decide whether to break confidentiality in order to inform the parents of risk-taking adolescent clients about the potential harm that may result from the adolescent’s behavior? In order to encourage open communication and trust during treatment, psychologists often assure adolescent clients that confidentiality will be maintained, although there is no legal basis for doing so (Rae, 2001). Parents have the legal privilege to all information about their adolescent, yet in practice this privilege is usually voluntarily waived in order to facilitate the therapy process. Rather than being based on law, this decision is based on the psychologist’s desire to build and maintain an honest therapeutic relationship with the adolescent, in which the client feels safe in revealing sensitive information (Gustafson & McNamara, 1987). However, it is clear that psychologists have an ethical and legal responsibility to break confidentiality when a client’s behavior is deemed dan
Different is good: connectionism and dynamic systems theory are complementary emergentist approaches to development

Connectionist and dynamic systems approaches to development are similar in that they are both emergentist theories that take a very different perspective from more traditional symbolic systems. Moreover, they are both based on similar mathematical principles. Nevertheless, connectionism and dynamic systems differ in the approach they take to the study of development. We argue that differences between connectionist and dynamic systems approaches in terms of the basic components of the models, what they see as the object of study, how they view the nature of knowledge and their notions of developmental change mean that they each stand to make different and unique contributions to a more complete theory of development. We present an example from our work on how children learn to learn words that illustrates the complementary nature of connectionist and dynamic systems theories.
ASSESSING RELIABILITY IN SAMPLE SURVEYS

A method suggested by the psychologists Campbell and Fiske for the study of test-method reliability is applied to a national sample of opinion data concerning public policy questions. The fifteen policy areas studied show considerable variation in item-method reliability, but items measuring policy views on open housing, school integration, and full employment show itemmethod reliability that compares favorably with psychological tests. The author is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
Partial Sternotomy for Aortic Valve Operations

M'edian sternotomy has been the standard approach .to the heart anti great vessels for more titan 30 years. This approach provides excellent exposure of all cardiac structures and allows central cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The ascending aorta and aortic valve are easily accessible through this incision. The last 5 years lmve brought considerable progress in the development of less-invasive approaches to heart valve surgery. These advances involve smaller chest wall incisions to gain access to the heart; currently, all heart valve operations require the use of CPB. Potential advantages of these incisions include increased cosmetic appeal, decreased pain, decreased bleeding and infection, shorter intensive-care unit and hospital stays, and reduced costs. IIowever, reduction in the size of the operative fiehl may increase the teclmical tlemands of cardiac surgical procedures. Adequate exposure is essential to successful operative technique, and less-invasive approaches to the heart cannot compromise the quality of the operation. In 1995, we began to develop techniques for lessinvasive aortic valve operations. Our initial efforts involved a right parasternal incision. In most instances, this incision afforded good exposure of the aortic valve. Disadvantages of tiffs approacll included sacrifice of the right internal thoracic artery, a frequent need for femoral cannulation, difficuh conversion to full sternotomy, and occasional postoperative chest wall instability. Subsequently, we found that a transverse transecting sternotomy at the second iuterspace provided superior exposure of the aortic root. This incision required sacrifice of both internal thoracic arteries and was difficult to convert to a standard sternotomy; in addition, several patients developed late chest wall instability. Although the aforementioned approaches were generally successfld, both had significant disadvantages. Further experience has demonstrated that a partial upper sternotomy is a superior approach. A partial upper sternotomy "J'd" into the right fourth intercostal space provides the surgeon with a familiar operative field and easy access for central cammlation. If conversion to a full sternotomy becomes necessary, this is easily accomplished. A midline structure, the aortic valve is in the center of the field. Cardiac reoperation and the need for coronary artery bypass grafting are our only contraindications to this approach. In all other patients, partial upper sternotomy is currently our incision of choice for minimally invasive aortic valve surgery.
Stability bounds for an adaptive IIR notch filter

A stochastic analysis is presented of the convergence properties of a second-order adaptive infinite-impulse-response (IIR) notch filter with a gradient-descent coefficient update algorithm. The analysis is based on a linearization of the gradient function in the vicinity of the optimal solution. Expressions for the stability bounds of the algorithm step size and for the steady-state variance of the adaptive parameter are derived. These analytical results are verified by computer simulations for a variety of signal and noise conditions. >
Recent Expansion of a New Ingi-Related Clade of Vingi non-LTR Retrotransposons in Hedgehogs

Autonomous non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposons and their repetitive remnants are ubiquitous components of mammalian genomes. Recently, we identified non-LTR retrotransposon families, Ingi-1_AAl and Ingi-1_EE, in two hedgehog genomes. Here we rename them to Vingi-1_AAl and Vingi-1_EE and report a new clade ‘‘Vingi,’’ which is a sister clade of Ingi that lacks the ribonuclease H domain. In the European hedgehog genome, there are 11 nonautonomous families of elements derived from Vingi-1_EE by internal deletions. No retrotransposons related to Vingi elements were found in any of the remaining 33 mammalian genomes nearly completely sequenced to date, but we identified several new families of Vingi and Ingi retrotransposons outside mammals. Our data suggest the horizontal transfer of Vingi elements to hedgehog, although the vertical transfer cannot be ruled out. The compact structure and trans-mobilization of nonautonomous derivatives of Vingi can make them useful for in vivo retrotransposition assay system.
Transbuccal Delivery of Polar Compounds

Passive diffusion of polar solutes and weak electrolytes through canine buccal mucosa was investigated in vitro as a function of pH and solute molecular weight. The diffusion experiments were performed using modified Ussing chambers at constant temperature (37°C). Oxygen aeration and circulation of the Locke’s solution maintained viability of the tissues throughout the experimental period. Transepithelial potential was monitored to assure tissue viability. Polar solutes (urea, glycerol, mannitol) exhibited molecular weight dependent permeation. The neutral species of a series of weak electrolytes (formic acid, benzoic acid, methyl amine and phenylethyl amine) permeated more rapidly than either charged species, reflecting contributions of both paracellular and transcellular pathways. However, the lower molecular weight, positively charged species (methyl amine) exhibited higher Kpeff ± than the negatively charged weak electrolyte (formic acid), suggesting a molecular weight dependent selectivity of the paracellular pathway for positive species.
Modelling of reoxidation inclusion formation in steel sand casting

AbstractA model is developed that predicts the growth and motion of oxide inclusions during pouring, as well as their final locations on the surface of steel sand castings. Inclusions originate on the melt free surface, and their subsequent growth is controlled by oxygen transfer from the atmosphere. Inclusion motion is modelled in a Lagrangian sense, taking into account drag and buoyancy forces. The inclusion model is implemented in a general-purpose casting simulation code. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results to measurements made on production steel sand castings. Good overall agreement is obtained. In addition, parametric studies are performed to investigate the sensitivity of the predictions to various model parameters.
Novel photographic method of recording images from cellulose nitrate film.

A dark-field illumination method is presented that produces a high contrast image of data recorded on film.
Anima and Psychic Fragmentation in Olive Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm

This essay argues that Schreiner's The Story of an African Farm, a novel based on autobiographical fragments, depicts an all-pervasive psychic fragmentation with respect to the unconscious. In particular, two Jungian systems - the Kore and the stages of eroticism - reveal the characters' psychic fragmentation with respect to the anima. Among the novel's male characters, Waldo Farber and Gregory Nazianzen Rose receive detailed analysis, especially with regard to the anima's maternal aspect. Waldo is associated with the maternal through his creation over two nine-month periods of a sheep-shearing machine and a burial post. Also, his attraction to the primitive and his shadow work with other men precede and enable his interest in marrying Lyndall. Gregory, though his relationship to the anima is complicated by cross-dressing, achieves a motherly Christ-like orientation as Lyndall's nurse. His name alludes to Saint Gregory Nazianzen, whose theological positions point affirmatively toward individuation, wholeness, and unity. But while both young men make some progress, neither properly overcomes his psychic fragmentation to achieve an ideal contra-sexual relationship. As the novel closes, significant individuation remains a far-off destination.
A study of Rettger's bacillus and related bacteria.

Few reports of the occurrence of Rettger's bacillus can be found in the literature prior to its isolation by Cope and Kilander.1 Originally the organism was isolated by Rettger during his studies of diseases of fowl. It was described, named and classified by Hadley, Elkins and Caldwell,2 by whom it was considered to be a member of the genus Shigella. St. John Brooks and Rhodes3 studied one strain obtained from Hadley's collection, but aside from noting that it produced indol, they made no mention of its characteristics. The species is assigned to the genus Shigella in Bergey's Manual, Vth Edition, where it was originally placed by Bergey and later by Weldin.4 Neter5 in reviewing the genus Shigella called attention to the scanty and contradictory knowledge of this species. Very shortly, Cope and Kilander in the aforementioned paper rediscovered the species in human gastroenteritis. At about the same time, Stuart and coworkers6 encountered strains called “type 33111” in their study of the paracolon group.Ru...
An efficient SMT solver for string constraints

An increasing number of applications in verification and security rely on or could benefit from automatic solvers that can check the satisfiability of constraints over a diverse set of data types that includes character strings. Until recently, satisfiability solvers for strings were standalone tools that could reason only about fairly restricted fragments of the theory of strings and regular expressions (e.g., strings of bounded lengths). These solvers were based on reductions to satisfiability problems over other data types such as bit vectors or to automata decision problems. We present a set of algebraic techniques for solving constraints over a rich theory of unbounded strings natively, without reduction to other problems. These techniques can be used to integrate string reasoning into general, multi-theory SMT solvers based on the common DPLL(T) architecture. We have implemented them in our SMT solver cvc4, expanding its already large set of built-in theories to include a theory of strings with concatenation, length, and membership in regular languages. This implementation makes cvc4 the first solver able to accept a rich set of mixed constraints over strings, integers, reals, arrays and algebraic datatypes. Our initial experimental results show that, in addition, on pure string problems cvc4 is highly competitive with specialized string solvers accepting a comparable input language.
Effect of Combination Disinfection of Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorine on Formation Amount of Chlorate and Chlorite in Water

[Objective] To observe the effect of combination disinfection of chlorine dioxide(ClO2)and chlorine(Cl2)on formation amount of chlorate and chlorite in water.[Methods] Adding different doses of ClO2 and Cl2 into mineral water,to analyze the concentration of chlorate and chlorite in different conditions.[Results] Under different pH value,when adding ClO2/ Cl2 by 2 ∶1,the chlorate concentration raised with pH value.The concentration of Cl2 residue and free chlorine do not vary with pH value.Under the sunshine condition,chlorite and ClO2 concentration did not increase with the time after combination disinfection of ClO2 and Cl2.Meanwhile,the chlorate and free chlorine decreased with the time.Under different pH conditions,when chlorine dioxide and chlorine are added in mineral water by 2 ∶1 and by 1.5 ∶2,the first chlorite concentration was lower than the second.[Conclusion]Chlorite concentration has no relationship with pH value,the different proportion of chlorine dioxide and chlorine,sunshine and disinfection time.
In This Issue: Decisions, Decisions.

This issue of Annals sheds light on patient and clinician decisions and their implications. Hendriksen and colleagues compare family physicians’ gestalt (estimated probability) of pulmonary embolism compared to the Wells decision rule among patients referred for testing. Gestalt performs
Summary Angular Correlations in Nuclear Disintegrations

The time is already late and we have worked hard for nearly a week; I will therefore be brief and also not completely serious. So let me first say that Dr. Deutch in his excellent lecture, has given a proof that AB and BA are not necessarily equivalent. His proof, based on a raw and a hard — boiled egg, is valid only in the single — particle approximation. For the next conference I should like to suggest a many — body experiment. This time the farewell drink is scheduled after the summary; next time it should be arranged before and the effect of this interchange on the summary and the audience should be carefully studied.
PATTERNS AND CORRELATES OF GRIP STRENGTH IN OLDER AMERICANS

BACKGROUND Muscle strength is a sensitive indicator of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Loss of muscle strength contributes to a decline in physical functioning. Hand grip strength is a simple measurement but correlated with total body muscle strength. This study evaluated the patterns and correlates of grip strength among older adults in the United States. METHOD The grip strength data were analyzed from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULT Individuals (n=1009) aged ≥65 years old who had a grip strength measure were included in this analysis. Age distribution was 31.5%, 27.2%, 16.2%, and 25.0% for 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, and 80+ respectively. Race distribution was 81.1%, 8.3%, 7.1%, and 3.5% for Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians respectively. The mean grip strength was 71.7kg in males and 44.6kg in females, and declined as age increased (p<.0001). Blacks had the highest grip strength, followed by Whites and Hispanics, and Asians had the lowest measure (p<.0001). Although several variables were found to be correlated with grip strength univariately, after adjusting for gender, age, and race, the factors that remained significantly and independently associated with weak grip strength were lower body weight, not being in good health status, and physical limitations. CONCLUSION Grip strength reduced as age increased. Blacks and Whites displayed higher grip strength than Asians and Hispanics. General health status, weight status and physical functioning were independently associated with grip strength. These findings suggest that grip strength could be a useful indicator for overall health assessment in older adults.
The molecular impact of omega 3 fatty acids on hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling

Abstract Purpose Parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD) develops in a subset of children receiving parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. Omegaven™ is an omega-3 fatty acid (Ω3FA) lipid emulsion high in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) that can lessen PNALD. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α, TGF-β) are elevated in PNALD and can decrease paraoxonase 1 protein expression (PON1). We sought to determine the effect of Omegaven™, EPA, and DHA on inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, and TGF-β via ERK1/2 and p-Smad2/3 signaling pathways as well as the changes in intracellular PON1 protein expression as a potential mechanism explaining the protective effects of Omegaven™ and Ω3FA. Methods HepG2 cells were cultured with each cytokine and Omegaven™, or EPA and DHA, or Intralipid™. P-Smad2/3 and PON1 protein levels were measured by Western blotting. ERK1/2 signaling was studied using homogenous time resolved fluorescence. Results Omegaven™ decreased TGF-β mediated Smad2/3 signaling by 30% (70% of control ± 12, p Conclusion Our results describe potential mechanisms by which Omegaven™ and Ω3FA can be hepatoprotective in the setting of PNALD by abating inflammatory cytokine signaling.
Curriculum Design for 'Explorations in Computing' (a New General Education Course at USC) (Abstract Only)

Starting Fall 2016, the CS department at USC has begun offering CS100: Explorations in Computing, a brand new General Education (GE) course. The course is only open to non-CS majors (since our CS students go through a CS-specific introductory track that encompasses the CS100 material). The class has 24 students, from a variety of disciplines such as Communications, Business Administration and Theatrical Arts. The course presents a broad overview of computational/algorithmic problem-solving techniques that form the basis of today's digital society. It provides students, a strong foundation for understanding how everyday activities such as web searching, communicating via social media, playing games, booking a ride, etc., work "behind the scenes". The course's intent is to promote computational thinking, as put forth by Jeannette Wing and others. In designing the course, the following aspects were kept in mind: the course is formulated as a GE, for a non-CS audience - so it cannot be heavy on coding; the topics need to involve some form of computational/algorithmic approach; the topics need to have a connection with things that students do with their digital devices (eg. play games, send instant messages, order things..); the topics have to grab the students' attention (keeping in mind that they grew up with tablets, the Web, animated movies and videogames). To that end, the topics are grouped under the following headings: Media Computing, Recreational Math, Algorithmic Art, Social Media and Data.
Attitude towards self and others as predictor of social adjustment

The purpose of the study aims to explore the attitude towards self and others as a determinant of social adjustment. Social Adjustment Inventory by Roma Pal and The Self-Others Questionnaire by Dr. E.L. Phillips were administered on 150 subjects (75 boys and 75 girls) aged 16-20 years selected from different intermediate colleges of Agra. Data was statistically analysed by using chi-square. The study concludes that (a) adolescents having favourable attitude towards self and others are well and moderately socially adjusted (b) the study also concludes that subjects having favourable attitude towards self will have favourable attitude towards others also (c) boys have more favourable attitude towards self and others as compared to girls(d)girls were found to be better socially adjusted than boys.
Adopting a White-Collar Crime Theoretical Framework for the Analysis of Terrorism: An Explorational Undertaking:

This article is an exploratory attempt to apply a certain theoretical framework to the criminological analysis of terrorism. It follows an approach that was applied before to the study of white-col...
Seeing Through the Eyes of the Color-Deficient Shopper: Consumer Issues for Public Policy

The need for understandable consumer information is critical in today's complex shopping environment. New sources of information emerge on almost a daily basis, yet portions of many messages go unnoticed or are misunderstood. Many persons have impaired or limited perceptual abilities as part of congenital or illness-related conditions, yet their specific experiences, problems, and needs have been infrequently addressed. In the present study, the author examines color-deficient vision and its impacts upon consumer emotions, enjoyment, efficiency, and safety-related aspects of shopping, product use, and advertising comprehension. The responses of actual color-deficient shoppers are examined for common problems, and implications are given for public policy.
Representation of World War II in Vietnam, China, and the USA: Political Ideologies in Secondary History Textbooks

The study explored how ideologies are embedded in the secondary school history textbooks of three countries: the USA, China, and Vietnam, through the narratives of World War II. The study employed a combined qualitative method of ideological discourse analysis and narrative discourse analysis and gathered data from three textbook samples of the three countries. Findings illustrated that each country’s textbook sample was densely embedded with political ideologies, namely, democracy, socialism, and Marxism-Leninism. At the same time, three countries shared similar attempts to promote exceptionalism and nationalism through the textbooks they produced. The study concluded with implications for the teaching of world history in a global context.
Design of Hybrid RNA Polymerase III Promoters for Efficient CRISPR-Cas9 Function

The discovery of the CRISPR-Cas9 system from Streptococcus pyogenes has allowed the development of genome engineering tools in a variety of organisms. A frequent limitation in CRISPR-Cas9 function is adequate expression levels of sgRNA. This protocol provides a strategy to construct hybrid RNA polymerase III (Pol III) promoters that facilitate high expression of sgRNA and improved CRISPR-Cas9 function. We provide selection criteria of Pol III promoters, efficient promoter construction methods, and a sample screening technique to test the efficiency of the hybrid promoters. A hybrid promoter system developed for Yarrowia lipolytica will serve as a model.
Education and Income Predict Future Emotional Well-Being of Whites but Not Blacks: A Ten-Year Cohort

Background: The Minorities’ Diminished Return (MDR) theory is defined as systematically smaller effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on the health and well-being of minority groups when compared to Whites. To extend the existing literature on the MDR theory as applied to the change of mental well-being over time, we investigated Black-White differences in the effects of baseline education and income on subsequent changes in positive and negative affect over a ten-year period. Methods: The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) is a 10-year longitudinal study of American adults. This analysis followed 3731 adults who were either Whites (n = 3596) or Blacks (n = 135) for 10 years. Education and income, as measured at baseline and 10 years later, were the independent variables. Negative and positive affect, measured at baseline and over ten years of follow up, were the dependent variables. Covariates were age, gender, and physical health (body mass index, self-rated health, and chronic medical conditions), measured at baseline. Race was the focal moderator. We ran multi-group structural equation modeling in the overall sample, with race defining the groups. Results: High education at baseline was associated with an increase in income over the 10-year follow up period for Whites but not Blacks. An increase in income during the follow up period was associated with an increase in the positive affect over time for Whites but not Blacks. Conclusion: The MDR theory is also relevant to the effects of baseline education attainment on subsequent changes in income and then in turn on positive affect over time. The relative disadvantage of Blacks in comparison to Whites in receiving mental health gains from SES may reflect structural racism and discrimination in the United States. There is a need for additional research on specific societal barriers that minimize Blacks’ mental health gains from their SES resources, such as education and income. There is also a need for policies and programs that help Blacks to leverage their SES resources.
The English Konjunktiv II

This chapter examines the syntax and semantics of the English Konjunktiv II (K2) construction. Use of the K2 is restricted to an informal register of English; it is replaced by the past perfect in the standard, more formal, register. It occurs only in a subset of the syntactic environments in which the past perfect occurs, however, and is associated with a strongly counterfactual interpretation (primarily counterfactual conditionals and complements to wish-class verbs). Morpho-syntactically, K2 resembles the past perfect, insofar as it contains the preterit form of the auxiliary have (namely, had) followed by the past participle. K2 differs from the past perfect, however, in that an additional particle occurs between had and the past participle; this particle is phonologically a weak enclitic attached to had, and has been analyzed variously as a reduced form of the auxiliary verb have (– ’ve) or as a preposition (of) or particle (a); thus the past perfect form had gone corresponds to the K2 had’ve gone or had of gone. I analyze K2 syntactically as a subjunctive perfect form, where subjunctive mood is conveyed by the preterit affix –ed, and the perfect functions as a past polarity item signaling the presence of a covert past tense. The type of subjunctive mood that occurs in the K2 is distinct from the mandative subjunctive mood that occurs in the complements of demand/ask class verbs. Both types of subjunctive are licensed strictly locally, in contrast to the subjunctive mood licensed by negation in languages such as French. I suggest that this is related to the modal force of the subjunctive in these contexts. The particle of/have in the K2 is a subjunctive polarity item, disambiguating the subjunctive perfect from the indicative past perfect.
Ectopic accessory parotid system with congenital cheek fistula: A case report

Abstract Ectopic accessory salivary gland with congenital cheek fistula is a newly described condition consisting of extra parotid tissue independent of the main parotid gland and drainage system and can present as a saliva-draining cheek fistula. It has been considered to be within the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS). We describe a case of a patient with complaints of clear drainage from a cheek fistula associated with eating and was also noted to have preauricular appendages. Imaging showed accessory parotid tissue with a cutaneous fistula, and the patient underwent surgical excision. The postoperative period was uneventful with no recurrence in symptoms over six months.
Quantitative Testing and Thermography in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

This article reviews quantitative testing and thermography and their use. Magnetic stimulation is discussed briefly. Each of these techniques have shortcomings including difficulties with assessment of demyelination, lesion localization, and prognosis of car-pal tunnel syndrome. Only electrodiagnosis fully assesses these symptoms and the current literature does not support the use of alternative diagnostic tests.
Quantitative Pharmacokinetics of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies for Imaging and Therapy in Patients

Antibodies can be used to carry radionuclides to tumors for in vivo diagnosis and treatment. Monoclonal antibody reagents have virtually replaced the heterosera of earlier days. When suitably radiolabeled, these antibodies provide potential for imaging and treatment of cancer. The potential of radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy of cancer based upon monoclonal antibodies has excited the scientific community. These developments provide a unique opportunity for radionuclide imaging based on the specificity of monoclonal antibodies and therapy based on treatment planning techniques analogous to those used in external beam and radionuclide sealed source radiation therapy. Our goal has been to develop a comprehensive treatment planning system for clinical cancer therapy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against cancer-associated antigens. We expect the system to provide estimates of the radiation dose distributions associated with various choices of radionuclide and targeting molecule. These approaches are now feasible because of advances in quantitative radionuclide imaging. Tracer techniques can now be implemented by advanced equipment for quantitative radionuclide imaging and strengthened by dynamic modeling of the physiological parameters which govern radionuclide distribution, and hence radiation dose distribution (1). We believe that quantitative radionuclide imaging is necessary to efficiently and accurately make decisions that can influence the efficacy of radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy.
Exploring the World of Galaxies

In this book, we are going to explore the world of the galaxies and, in particular, study their interactions. For most people this is a very unfamiliar world. I mentioned in the Preface that galaxies have a ghostly or ephemeral appearance in small telescopes. Their appearance in our culture is also somewhat insubstantial. Most of us learned in school that the faint fuzzy band of light that can be seen stretching across the sky on summer evenings is a manifestation of the millions of distant stars contained within our own Milky Way galaxy. Some of us are old enough to remember cars or televisions with names like “Galaxie” or “Quasar.” (As far as I know, no company has yet named their product “super-massive black hole,” though I have known some that might be appropriately described that way.) A perusal of the astronomy coffee table books at the local bookstore will reveal many beautiful space telescope images of galaxies and galaxy collisions, including some that I have had the pleasure to work with. Similar images abound in science fiction movies and TV shows.
Enhanced resolution in remote sensing using UV filaments with long pulses

We present high resolution spectroscopy of solid samples from 200ps UV filaments. The temperature gradient on the expanding plume results into self-absorption of the hot plasma by the surrounding colder regions improving the resolution.
Financial crises and venture capital development: evidence from Indonesia

This exploratory study examines how financial crises impede or support venture capital (VC) development in the context of Indonesia and the 1997–1998 Asian financial crisis (AFC). Using a mixed-met...
The use of pharmacogenetic testing in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A systematic review

Abstract Introduction: Pharmacogenetic testing may assist in identifying an individual's risk of developing a mental illness as well as predict an individual's response to treatment. The objective of this study is to report published outcomes of pharmacogenetic testing in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Methods: A systematic review using PubMed and EBSCOhost through April 2017 was performed to identify articles that reported pharmacogenetic testing in adult patients with either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia using the keywords pharmacy, pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics, psychiatry, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, mood stabilizer, and antipsychotic. Results: A total of 18 articles were included in the final literature review. A wide variety of genes amongst adult patients with varying ethnicities were found to be correlated with the development of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as well as response to antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Discussion: While current studies show a cor...
Are Autonomous Entities Possible

Over the last few years, I have demonstrated how modern business-entity statutes, particularly LLC statutes, can give software the basic capabilities of legal personhood, such as the ability to enter contracts or own property. Not surprisingly, this idea has been met with some resistance. This Essay responds to one kind of descriptive objection to my arguments: that courts will find some way to prevent the results I describe either because my reading of the business-entity statutes would take us too far outside our legal experience, or because courts will be afraid that robots will take over the world, or because law is meant to promote human (versus nonhuman) rights. As I demonstrate in this essay, such objections are not correct as a descriptive matter. These arguments make moral and policy assumptions that are probably incorrect, face intractable line-drawing problems, and dramatically overestimate the ease of challenging statutorily valid business structures. Business-entity law has always accommodated change, and the extensions to conventional law that I have identified are not as radical as they seem. Moreover, the transactional techniques I advocate for would likely just need to succeed in one jurisdiction, and regardless, there are many alternative techniques that, practically speaking, would achieve the same results.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8)

Discovered in 1994, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV8) causes several human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphomas (PEL), and some forms of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). KSHV is commonly associated with cancers among AIDS patients but it is also a significant public health problem in developing countries for both HIV-infected and uninfected populations. KSHV is a gammaherpesvirus with unique features in its gene products, gene distribution and evolution, and mechanisms of cellular transformation. The epidemiology of KS in different risk groups and geographic regions parallels the prevalence of KSHV infection. While modes of transmission of KSHV are still to be fully determined, specific measures can be implemented to prevent its spread. Specific assays, including serologic and antigen immunohistochemistry tests, have been developed that allow detection of infected patients and patient tissues. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms for KSHV-related pathogenesis should facilitate the detection, prevention, and therapy of KSHV and its associated cancers.
My QEEG and neurofeedback story: in pursuit of the neuro-cognitive origins of learning disabilities

Abstract Specific learning disabilities are characterized by unexpected learning problems despite average general learning ability. Individuals with learning disabilities were first noticed almost two centuries ago by neurologists. Early neurologists began to make the connection of the similarities between children with specific learning problems and individuals with localized brain injuries. Logically, neurologists concluded specific learning disabilities were “neurological” in origin, but erroneously concluded that specific learning disabilities were also caused by brain injuries. For most children with learning disabilities, as supported by research, there are no personal events of brain trauma or neurological insult, at least that are obvious. While significant advances have occurred within the field of learning disabilities regarding diagnostic identification, intervention approaches, and long-term prognosis, the underlying cause of learning disabilities is still not well-understood and continues to be generically described as “neurological” in origin.
Iron-deficiency and dopaminergic treatment effects on RLS-Like behaviors of an animal model with the brain iron deficiency pattern of the restless legs syndrome.

Abstract Background Brain iron deficiency (BID), especially for the substantia nigra (SN), without peripheral iron deficiency (ID) has been well documented as a ubiquitous finding for restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients. This close association suggests the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms. Association, however, cannot establish such a direct relationship. Instead, the BID of RLS could be experimentally produced to determine if it then produces significant RLS-like biological or behavioral features. Forward genetics approach led to identification from the BXD strains the BXD40 females (BXD40f) as a putative animal model for the RLS BID. The BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet have a lower iron in the VMB (containing the SN) during the active but not inactive period. This was not found for the other BXD strains evaluated. The BXD40f on an ID diet uniquely have even greater reduced VMB but not peripheral iron, matching the RLS BID pathophysiology. A prior report found that the BXD40f on an iron-sufficient diet had an RLS-like behavior of increased activity occurring only in the last part of the active period that was not present in the other strains without the low VMB iron. This increased activity matches the circadian pattern of symptoms in RLS patients with increased urge or drive to move in the last part of the day. This study asks first: if you decrease the VMB iron by an iron deficient diet do the RLS-like behaviors worsen; and second will the dopaminergic treatments effective for RLS also reduce the worsened RLSlike behaviors. Methods In sum, 13 BXD40f mice post weaning were randomly assigned for 100 days to either a iron-sufficient diet (n = 6) or an ID diet (N = 7). They were then evaluated for 24-h activity in their home cage using implanted G2 EMitter telemetry device. At 3 h before the end of the active period IP doses were given every other day of either: saline (vehicle only), 12.5 mg levodopa, 25 mg levodopa, 0.5 mg quinpirole, or 1 0.0 mg quinpirole. Results The ID compared to irons-sufficient diet produced earlier onset of the RLS-like behavior matching the earlier onset of symptoms with increasing severity of RLS. The dopaminergic treatments significantly reduced the RLS-like behavior. Added analyses of the RLS-like behaviors as decreased resting times showed similar results to activity increases. Conclusions These data demonstrate both that The BXD40f provide a useful animal model of RLS and also strongly support the hypothesis that the biology of RLS BID can produce RLS symptoms.
Developmental studies inDrosophila : V. Alkaline phosphatases, dehydrogenases and oxidases in organs and whole-fly homogenates during development ofD. pseudoobscura.

Alkaline phosphatases and several dehydrogenases and oxidases separated by a microdisc electrophoresis technique have been studied during larval and early pupal development ofD. pseudoobscura salivary glands, fat body, hemolymph, body wall and whole body. Tissue-specific enzymes were observed and the qualitative differences occurring during the development are discussed.
Efficient Modeling of Organic Chromophores for Entangled Two-Photon Absorption.

The use of a non-classical light source for studying molecular electronic structure has been of a great interest in many applications. Here we report a theoretical study of entangled two-photon abs...
The Federal Judiciary’s Role in Drug Law Reform in an Era of Congressional Dysfunction

While state drug law reform is moving apace, federal drug law reform has moved much more slowly. Many, including the Judicial Conference of the United States and the United States Sentencing Commission, have urged Congress to enact substantive federal drug law reform for years. But Congress has not acted. As a result, the federal system continues to single out drug offenses for harsh treatment at the bail stage and the sentencing stage—the front end and back end of the federal mass incarceration crisis. In this paper, we argue that federal judges have a critical role to play in future federal drug law reform in light of Congress’ long-standing failures to meaningfully change the laws. At the front end, judges should encourage the release of more people on bail by closely scrutinizing prosecutors’ motions for temporary detention and giving little weight to the Bail Reform Act’s presumption of detention. Data shows that the statutory drug presumption is overbroad and does a poor job of determining who is a risk of flight or a danger to the community. At the back end, judges should issue categorical policy disagreements with the drug sentencing guidelines and the career offender sentencing guideline using the Supreme Court’s blueprint in Kimbrough v. United States. Judges should issue sentences below these guidelines because they are not based on empirical evidence, over-punish drug offenses, and result in racial disparities. At both ends, judges should rest their decisions on the evidence that the drug presumption, the drug sentencing guidelines, and the career offender sentencing guideline are flawed. While judicial action is not a cure for Congressional inaction, it would send a clear message from one co-equal branch of government to another that substantive reform is urgently needed.
87842 The Effects of Head Impact Exposure on Changes in Neurocognitive and Oculomotor Function Across a High School American Football Season: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACT IMPACT: This work reveals the influence of a season of American football-related head impact exposure on two functional outcome measures in a cohort of adolescent boys, shedding light on the chronic effects of 'subconcussive head impacts.' OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To examine the influence of a season of exposure to head impacts in American football on changes in neurocognitive and oculomotor function in adolescent male athletes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Participants were recruited from a local high school: the football group (FB; n = 26) was instrumented with sensor-installed mouthguards to track impact exposure during games and practices, and members of the men’s cross-country team were recruited to the control group (CON; n = 9). All participants were administered Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and were assessed for near point of convergence (NPC) at pre- and post-season. Linear models will be fit for changes in the five ImPACT composite scores and NPC values, with group and one of the head impact variables as predictors for each model. In a secondary within-group analysis, correlation coefficients will be calculated for the relationships between the head impact variables and the functional change scores for the FB group. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The two groups did not differ significantly on age or number of previous concussions; the CON group had significantly lower BMI. Group assignment was significantly associated with change in NPC (p < 0.05 for all three models); no significant associations were observed for any of the head impact variables with change in NPC. Group and each of the head impact variables (total impacts, sum of peak linear acceleration [PLA], and sum of peak rotational acceleration [PRA]) were not significantly associated with change in any of the five ImPACT composite scores. Change in visual memory composite score was negatively correlated with total impacts (r = -0.37, p = 0.034) and sum of PRA (r = -0.36, p = 0.040). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Significant, albeit relatively weak, correlations between change in visual memory composite score and two head impact kinematic variables, coupled with significant increases in NPC in the FB group compared to the CON group, suggest that a season of exposure to football-related head impacts has the potential to elicit minor functional impairments.
Sustainability of Self-organizing Systems

In Chap. 14, sustainability of self-organizing systems is developed with respect to exergy sustainability. These developments provide a missing link in the analysis and design of self-organizing systems. In addition, exergy is shown to be a fundamental driver and necessary input for sustainable systems since exergy input is a single point of failure for self-organizing, adaptable systems. Finally, the concepts of exergy sustainability and energy surety are combined to determine what is meant by optimality and scalability for self-organizing energy and power grids.
Why I’m Not an Entropist

The previous talk was about trying to get entropy, and I’m going to talk about ignoring entropy. It’s natural to talk about anonymity in a workshop about brief encounters and security protocols, I would say anonymity is the quintessence of brief encounter, you only have a brief encounter if in fact you are anonymous, so you need to be anonymous to guarantee that it is brief, otherwise it is at best pseudonymous, because you’re preserving state from one instance of communication to another.
Neural Networks and Behaviour

Neural networks are interconnected groups of neurons that can coordinate global behavioural responses such as escape, rhythmic movements, or complex voluntary actions. Keywords: neurobiology; experimental techniques; escape; rhythmic behaviours; dynamics