cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF TWO PROCEDURES FOR ANALYZING MULTITRAIT MULTIMETHOD MATRICES

In the years following the publication of Campbell and Fiske's (1959) classic paper on the use of the multitrait-multimethod matrix for evaluating construct validity, several procedures have been suggested for the analysis of such matrices. Schmitt, Coyle and Saari (1977) have reviewed and critiqued eight methods of analysis. One of the procedures consisted of applying the four criteria originally suggested by Campbell and Fiske. The four criteria are: (1) the correlations among measurements of the same trait by different methods (convergent validities) should be statistically significant; (2) the convergent validities should be higher than correlations between measurements of different traits by different methods; (3) the convergent validities should be higher than correlations between measurements of different traits by the same method; and (4) the pattern of correlation between measurements of different traits by the same method should be similar from method to method. This same pattern should be evident, in the correlations between measurements of different traits by two methods, for all pairs of methods. Of the other seven procedures, two are of interest to this paper: Jackson's (1975) revised multimethod factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Schmitt et al. illustrated the eight procedures by applying each to the same correlation matrix. These authors noted that there was substantial evidence of convergent and discriminant validity using the Campbell-Fiske criteria. Their analysis of the matrix, using Jackson's procedure, basically supports the conclusion with regard to discriminant validity; however, the exploratory factor analysis may not. As noted by Schmitt et al., the factor analysis resulted in several trait factors exhibiting correlations of about .80. Correlations of this magnitude suggest that the traits are not very discriminable. Lomax (1978) analyzed five multitrait-multimethod matrices using exploratory factor analysis and Jackson's multimethod factor analysis. The five matrices were chosen to meet the four Campbell-Fiske criteria to differing degrees. The references containing the matrices and the degree to which these were judged to meet the criteria are (a) Mitchell (1970), none of the criteria; (b) Levin (1973), the first criterion; (c) Roshal, Frieze and Wood (1971), the first and fourth criteria; (d) Stewart (1973), all criteria; and (e) Mosher (1968), all criteria. Evaluations using multimethod factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were in agreement for the Mitchell and Stewart matrices, but not for the other three matrices. Disagreement was greatest for the Levin and Roshal et al. matrices. The nature of the disagreement was that the multimethod factor analysis procedure suggests better discriminant validity than the exploratory factor analysis. The purpose of this paper is to report the analyses of the Levin and Roshal et al. matrices. The salient points with regard to the analysis of the Mosher matrix will be summarized briefly.
Infant feeding practices of low-income, African-American, adolescent mothers: an ecological, multigenerational perspective

The early introduction of non-milk foods among African-American infants has been well documented. Several studies report the addition of semi-solids as early as 1-2 weeks of age. This study investigated, through ethnographic, repeat indepth interviews with teen mothers and grandmothers of infants, the determinants of such feeding practices and the inter-generational factors involved in infant feeding decision-making. Nineteen adolescent mothers were recruited from Baltimore City WIC programs. The teen mothers were interviewed in their homes during four separate visits and the grandmothers at least twice. Ethnographic field guides focused on questions about what, why and how infants were fed and on the 'ethnotheories' of parenting and infant care in this population. All interviews were taped and transcripts were analyzed using text retrieval software. Results confirmed that it is the cultural norm to feed cereal in the bottle and to feed other semi-solid foods within the first month of life. Most grandmothers played the dominant role in deciding what the infant should eat and the timing of the introduction of solids. This pattern occurred both because grandmothers had extensive physical access to their grandchildren and because teen mothers were dependent upon grandmothers. The use of qualitative research methods, with an ecological, multi-generational focus, provides a rich description of the context within which infant feeding decisions are made.
Analogues of Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. 1. Effects of 10-Deazaaminopterin Analogues on Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Carbonation of the dianions (LDA) of 5-methylthiophene-2-carboxylic, 2-methylpyridine-5-carboxylic, and 3-methylpyridine-6-carboxylic acids provided the respective carboxy heteroarylacetic acids. The crude diacids were directly esterified in MeOH-HCl to afford the diesters. Alkylation of the sodio anions with ethyl iodide yielded the appropriate alpha-ethyl diesters. The anions of the various diester substrates were then alkylated by 2,4-diamino-6-(bromomethyl)-pteridine followed by ester saponification at room temperature to afford the respective 2,4-diamino-4-deoxy-10-carboxy-10-deazapteroic acids. The 10-carboxyl group was readily decarboxylated by heating in DMSO at temperatures of 110-135 degrees C to give the diamino 10-deaza heteropteroic acid intermediates. Coupling with diethyl L-glutamate followed by ester hydrolysis afforded the target aminopterins. The analogues were evaluated for antiinflammatory effect in the mouse type II collagen model. The thiophene analogue of 10-ethyl-10-deazaaminopterin was found to be an effective inhibitor in terms of reduced visual evidence of inflammation and swelling as determined by caliper measurement.
The amphibian egg as a model system for analyzing gravity effects

Amphibian eggs provide several advantageous features as a model system for analyzing the effects of gravity on single cells. Those features include large size, readily tracked intracellular inclusions, and ease of experimental manipulation. Employing novel gravity orientation as a tool, a substantial data base is being developed. That information is being used to construct a three-dimensional model of the frog (Xenopus laevis) egg. Internal cytoplasmic organization (rather than surface features) are being emphasized. Several cytoplasmic compartments (domains) have been elucidated, and their behavior in inverted eggs monitored. They have been incorporated into the model, and serve as a point of departure for further inquiry and speculation.
Assessing the Efficacy of LGBT Cultural Competency Training for Aging Services Providers in California’s Central Valley

This study reviews the outcomes of a cultural competency training for aging services providers regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Results indicate that participants significantly increased their knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes about working with LGBT older adults, with men and non-LGBT individuals reporting the most gain. Recommendations for future research include determining which factors influence the enduring effects of this type of training and developing a standardized instrument for measuring such success. Legislative and policy changes targeted at requiring this type of cultural competency training for all direct service providers are considered.
Selection of supports for solid-phase organic synthesis

The field of peptide synthesis has been one of the engines that have driven the development of new supports and linkers for solid-phase organic synthesis. Pioneering work by Merrifield and others in peptide synthesis has made 1% cross-linked polystyrene the standard support for solid-phase organic chemical reactions [1,2]. The synthesis of non-peptide molecules has placed demands on this support that, in some cases, have produced less-than-optimal results. There are several issues unique to the solid-phase production of non-peptide molecules that differentiate it from the area of peptide synthesis. This differentiation comes from the fact that a larger variety of different compounds are expected to be produced in a combinatorial library and hence this translates to a larger number of different reactions that are attempted. This is in contrast to standard solid-phase peptide synthesis where one is dealing with a set number of reaction types (i.e., base or acid deprotection, amide coupling, peptide cleavage). Therefore, several important issues must be considered before choosing a support for combinatorial library production, such as whether the support is compatible with the intended reaction conditions and/or reaction solvent. Even if that does not pose a problem, one will find that transferring a reaction from solution to a solid support can dramatically affect the reaction rate. Additionally, there is the issue of how to monitor the solid-phase reaction. The type of support one chooses can sometimes restrict the type of method one uses to monitor the solid-phase reaction. Lastly, there is the issue of the loading capacity of the support, which is proving to be a far more important issue for the field of non-peptide combinatorial chemistry than, for example, the fields of solid-phase peptide or oligonucleotide synthesis. These are the issues that will be dealt with in the following review and, like in many things, one will find that achieving the ideal in one area will, in many instances, be a result of compromises in other areas.
Absolute detection efficiencies of low energy H, H−, H+, H2+ and H3+ incident on a multichannel plate detector

Abstract Measured absolute detection efficiencies are presented for H, H − and H n + ( n =1,2,3) impacting a commercially available, dual multichannel plate (MCP) electron multiplier at kinetic energies ranging from 30 to 1000 eV. Measurements involving isotopic substitutions (D, D − , D n + ) and Ar + are also presented. In addition, atomic hydrogen detection efficiencies relative to those of H + and H − are given, as they may have a more universal application. For the three charge states, H, H + and H − , the absolute detection efficiencies are markedly different at low energies and converge to a nearly uniform value of ∼70% with increasing projectile energy. The energy dependence is strongest for H + , varying nearly three orders of magnitude over the energy range studied, and weakest for H − , varying by less than one order of magnitude. In general, for the low energy positive ions at a given energy, the lighter the incident particle mass, the greater the probability of its detection.
Investigation of ion kinetic effects in direct-drive exploding-pusher implosions at the NIF

Measurements of yield, ion temperature, areal density (ρR), shell convergence, and bang time have been obtained in shock-driven, D2 and D3He gas-filled “exploding-pusher” inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions at the National Ignition Facility to assess the impact of ion kinetic effects. These measurements probed the shock convergence phase of ICF implosions, a critical stage in hot-spot ignition experiments. The data complement previous studies of kinetic effects in shock-driven implosions. Ion temperature and fuel ρR inferred from fusion-product spectroscopy are used to estimate the ion-ion mean free path in the gas. A trend of decreasing yields relative to the predictions of 2D draco hydrodynamics simulations with increasing Knudsen number (the ratio of ion-ion mean free path to minimum shell radius) suggests that ion kinetic effects are increasingly impacting the hot fuel region, in general agreement with previous results. The long mean free path conditions giving rise to ion kinetic effects in the gas are often prevalent during the shock phase of both exploding pushers and ablatively driven implosions, including ignition-relevant implosions.
On the nature of credit demand and credit rationing in competitive credit markets

Abstract Conventional analyses of the credit rationing problem seek to explain that problem within the context of classic demand analysis. In this paper we demonstrate that it is generally inappropriate to apply the notion of classic demand to credit markets, consequently, conventional notions of credit rationing must be rejected. In providing a new definition of credit rationing we also establish the previously rejected characterized by credit rationing.
Prematurity as a risk factor for asthma in preadolescent children

Information on long-term respiratory symptoms in prematurely born children is scanty. We studied an unselected population of 9- to 11-year-old schoolchildren. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the parents. Children underwent lung function testing, cold air challenge, and skin prick tests. A gestational age p p p p p
Structural and co-conformational effects of alkyne-derived subunits in charged donor-acceptor [2]catenanes.

Four donor−acceptor [2]catenanes with cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT4+) as the π-electron-accepting cyclophane and 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (DNP)-containing macrocyclic polyethers as π-electron donor rings have been synthesized under mild conditions, employing Cu+-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and Cu2+-mediated Eglinton coupling in the final steps of their syntheses. Oligoether chains carrying terminal alkynes or azides were used as the key structural features in template-directed cyclizations of [2]pseudorotaxanes to give the [2]catenanes. Both reactions proceed well with precursors of appropriate oligoether chain lengths but fail when there are only three oxygen atoms in the oligoether chains between the DNP units and the reactive functional groups. The solid-state structures of the donor−acceptor [2]catenanes confirm their mechanically interlocked nature, stabilized by [π···π], [C−H···π], and [C−H···Ο] interactions, and point to secondary noncovalent contacts between 1,3-butadiyne and ...
Accurate Thermochemistry for Transition Metal Oxide Clusters

Total atomization energies (TAEs) and normalized clustering energies (NCEs) of group IVB (MO2)n (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and VIB (MO3)n (M = Cr, Mo, W) transition metal oxide clusters up to n = 4 were calculated at the coupled cluster [CCSD(T)] and density functional theory (DFT) levels. For all the clusters studied, the TAEs calculated at the CCSD(T) level were found to be strongly basis set dependent, whereas the NCEs were significantly less basis set dependent. Here we further develop an efficient strategy for calculating accurate thermodynamic properties of large clusters based on those of the cluster unit and the NCEs. The calculated TAEs, NCEs, and heats of formations for these clusters were compared with available experimental data. We also benchmarked the performance of popular DFT exchange−correlation functionals for the calculations of the TAEs and NCEs. The performance of many DFT functionals for the calculation of the TAEs strongly depends on the choice of the electronic state for the transition metal...
EFFECTS OF SPLANCHNIC UPTAKE (SU) OF LEUCINE (LEU) ON THE MEASUREMENT OF WHOLE BODY PROTEIN BREAKDOWN (B) IN HEALTHY CHILDREN (HC) AND IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF). † 710

EFFECTS OF SPLANCHNIC UPTAKE (SU) OF LEUCINE (LEU) ON THE MEASUREMENT OF WHOLE BODY PROTEIN BREAKDOWN (B) IN HEALTHY CHILDREN (HC) AND IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS (CF). † 710
Technical Note–Design and Analysis of Tent Cash Flow Models for Engineering Economy Lectures

Abstract Engineering economy students are typically intimidated by arithmetic gradient series cash flows. Hence, it is beneficial to develop creative ways to make the material interesting and less formidable. This paper presents an innovative method of introducing students to the design and analysis of arithmetic gradient series cash flows in engineering economy courses. Several profiles of arithmetic gradient series cash flows are presented along with techniques of deriving closed form equations for their net present values. A “General Tent Equation” that can be used to solve various arithmetic gradient series cash flows is developed. A numerical example is used to show its implementation and usefulness.
Use of approximate entropy measurements to classify ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.

Abstract Implantable cardiac devices which treat arrhythmias require automated detection to decide when to deliver therapy and, in some devices like the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), to determine which therapy to deliver. This type of detection often requires the separation of fibrillatory chaotic rhythms from coherent tachycardias. In the ICD, multiple rate zones can be programmed for detection of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) and for delivery of therapy: antitachycardia pacing and cardioversion for VT, and defibrillation for VF. Previous research determined that current technology is unable to uniquely classify VF. Analysis of typical settings of the ICD revealed that 40% to 80% of VTs were misdassified as VF (depending on device/setting). Improved detection of VF must be sought in order to capitalize on the cost effectiveness of low-energy VT therapies, potentially saving up to 20% of the life of the battery. In this study, a statistical measure of variability, called approximate entropy (ApEn), has been applied to separate fibrillatory and nonfibrillatory rhythms. Although standard deviation is often used as a measure of variability, it fails to capture the level of regularity or complexity. ApEn improves upon standard deviation by quantifying differences between random and regular signals. ApEn was tested on a small patient set containing VF, VT, and sinus rhythm (SR). Intracardiac recordings (bipolar, ventricular) were selected from the Ann Arbor Electrogram Library (Ann Arbor, MI) where filtering (1–500 Hz), amplification (∼1000), and digitization (1000 Hz) are tightly controlled. Results demonstrated that ApEn has the ability to quantify subtle differences between VF and other rhythms.
Ultrastructural localization of peroxidase in leukocytes of rat bone marrow and blood

The differentiation of leukocytes in the bone marrow and blood of normal adult male rats was studied by electron microscopy and peroxidase cytochemistry. Tissue samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde, or paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde, and incubated in a peroxidase medium containing 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and H2O2 ad pH 7.6. Mature cells of blood were identified, and then the earlier stages of maturation in bone marrow were analyzed. In immature cells of four cell lines, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils, peroxidase is synthesized and could be demonstrated in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi complex, and in cytoplasmic granules. Later in maturation, reaction product for peroxidase could not be found in RER or Golgi complex, indicating that peroxidase synthesis had ceased. In two cell lines, neutrophils and monocytes, peroxidase-negative granules were formed, and the mature cells contained two populations of cytochemically distinct granules. All granules of mature eosinophils were peroxidase-positive. In mature basophils, some granules were clearly peroxidase-positive; others displayed variable density, making interpretation uncertain. Mast cells were never seen in blood, but were abundant in bone marrow; peroxidase was never found in their granules by either electron microscopic cytochemistry or a variety of light microscopic methods. Hence, these cells differ from basophils, not only in morphology but also in the enzyme content of their granules.
Organic matter sources and their use by bacteria in the sediments of the Altamaha estuary during high and low discharge periods

Abstract To understand the influence of river discharges on the biogeochemical cycling of organic matter (OM) in estuarine sediments, we conducted chemical and isotopic analyses of surface sediment samples collected from the Altamaha estuary (Georgia, USA) in March 2002 (high discharge period) and October 2002 (low discharge period). Chemical and isotopic analyses included bulk parameters (TOC, TN, δ13CTOC and δ15NTN), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), lipids (fatty acids, alcohols, and sterols) and lipid carbon isotopic compositions. Bulk parameters were apportioned with a three-end-member mixing model and biomarkers were processed using principal component analysis (PCA). The modeling indicated that OM from C3 terrestrial and marine sources dominate (>80%) at most sediment sites during the two periods while C4 salt marsh plants contribute a large fraction (∼40%) of OM at one site during the low discharge period. The PCA demonstrated that more allochthonous OM deposits in the high discharge period while more autochthonous OM accumulates in the low discharge period; OM in the high discharge period is relatively fresh while that in the low discharge period is highly degraded. Distributions of bacteria-specific fatty acids in the estuarine sediments followed the same patterns as Chl-a, algal lipids, and mixed lipids but were not correlated with terrestrial lipids, suggesting that the microbial community in the sediments depends largely on OM from phytoplankton rather than from terrestrial higher plants. When salt marsh plants became an important input into the sediments, bacteria efficiently used this OM, indicated by the coincident changes between molecular isotope ratios of bacteria-specific fatty acids and bulk δ13CTOC.
A spatial stochastic model for contextual pattern recognition

A contextual classification algorithm using spatial stochastic model (Markov random field) is proposed. The requirements for the joint probability function on the two-dimensional lattice are discussed. The distinction between the spatial correlation context and the transition probability context is made. The procedures for construction of the model are given with details left out but conceptually clear. Coding technique toward parameter estimation is presented. Extension of the model in the multivariate site variable case is derived to handle the multispectral satellite data. Experiments with remote sensing data are performed and results are compared with simple (no context) rule result. Less frequently occurred classes like highway, commercial areas were found to be classified better using the contextual algorithm with only reasonable computation increase.
A Scalable 0.128–1 Tb/s, 0.8–2.6 pJ/bit, 64-Lane Parallel I/O in 32-nm CMOS

A scalable 64-lane chip-to-chip I/O, with per-lane data rate of 2-16 Gb/s is demonstrated in 32-nm low-power CMOS technology. At maximum aggregate bandwidth of 1.024 Tb/s across 50-cm channel length, the link consumes 2.7 W from a 1.08-V supply, corresponding to 2.6 pJ/bit. As bandwidth demand decreases, scaling the per-lane data rate to 4 Gb/s and power supply to 0.65 V provides 1/4 of the maximum bandwidth while consuming 0.2 W. Across a 1-m channel, the link operates at a maximum per-lane data rate of 16 Gb/s; thus, providing up to 1.024 Tb/s of aggregate bandwidth with 3.2 pJ/bit power efficiency from a 1.15-V supply. A length-matched dense interconnect topology allows clocking to be shared across multiple lanes to reduce area and power. Reconfigurable current/voltage mode transmitter driver and CMOS clocking enable a highly scalable power-efficient link. Optional low-dropout regulators provide >22-dB supply noise rejection at the package resonance frequency of 200 MHz. System-level optimization of duty-cycle and quadrature error correctors across the clock hierarchy provides optimized clock phase placement and, thus, enhances link performance and power. A lane failover mechanism provides design robustness to mitigate channel or circuit defects. The active circuitry occupies 1.3 mm2.
On the near-wavefront behavior of the magnetic field of an infinitely long antenna

A simple formula is given for the magnetic field around an infinitely long dipole antenna which is valid over the entire spherical wavefront which is moving out from the slice generator.
Activation of the DNA Damage Checkpoint in Yeast Lacking the Histone Chaperone Anti-Silencing Function 1

The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into chromatin is likely to be important for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Chromatin structures are assembled onto newly synthesized DNA by the action of chromatin assembly factors, including anti-silencing function 1 (ASF1). To investigate the role of chromatin structure in the maintenance of genomic integrity, we examined budding yeast lacking the histone chaperone Asf1p. We found that yeast lacking Asf1p accumulate in metaphase of the cell cycle due to activation of the DNA damage checkpoint. Furthermore, yeast lacking Asf1p are highly sensitive to mutations in DNA polymerase alpha and to DNA replicational stresses. Although yeast lacking Asf1p do complete DNA replication, they have greatly elevated rates of DNA damage occurring during DNA replication, as indicated by spontaneous Ddc2p-green fluorescent protein foci. The presence of elevated levels of spontaneous DNA damage in asf1 mutants is due to increased DNA damage, rather than the failure to repair double-strand DNA breaks, because asf1 mutants are fully functional for double-strand DNA repair. Our data indicate that the altered chromatin structure in asf1 mutants leads to elevated rates of spontaneous recombination, mutation, and DNA damage foci formation arising during DNA replication, which in turn activates cell cycle checkpoints that respond to DNA damage.
Bayesian Methods for Estimating System Reliability Using Heterogeneous Multilevel Information

We propose a Bayesian approach for assessing the reliability of multicomponent systems. Our models allow us to evaluate system, subsystem, and component reliability using multilevel information. Data are collected over time, and include binary, lifetime, and degradation data. We illustrate the methodology through two examples and discuss extensions. Supplementary materials are available online.
Activity of Parícutin volcano from April 12 to May 3, 1946

The activity of Paricutin varied greatly during the period April 12 to May 3. The strong eruptive activity that began in mid-March, marked on March 17 by the formation of a new boca with a short-lived volcancito and by external changes in the form of the cone, continued until April 18, The period April 12–18 was marked by bomb-showers and explosive blasts at the rate of ten to 15 a minute, mostly from the south vent of the double crater. Most of the bombs fell into the north crater and on the north flank of the cone. From April 19 to 26 the activity was, in general, very weak, and little ash and few bombs were projected beyond the rim of the cone, Explosions were very rare, and the weak vapor column from the Volcano was accompanied by a dull surf-like roar. Most of the vapor emerged from a small vent near the center of the divide between the two coalescing craters. A heavy ash column, at times approaching in intensity that of 1943, emerged from the Volcano from April 27 to 29. The ash was erupted from both the north and south vents of the crater, though the south vent is believed to have contributed the most. From April 30 to May 3 the activity was again very weak, and only a feeble column rose above the cone.
Atacama large millimeter array local oscillator: How photonics is enabling millimeter-wave astronomy

In this talk we will describe the unique photonic technology that provides the reference for the local oscillator system of the ALMA millimeter wave radio telescope as well as describing the “down-stream” part of the local oscillator system.
Transfer Metrics in Patients With Suspected Acute Aortic Syndrome

National guidelines by the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, and European Society of Cardiology have established benchmarks for patient transfer times (door-in-door-out time and door-to-balloon time) that serve as clinical performance measures for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) networks. Campaigns, such as D2B Alliance and Mission Lifeline, were also launched in an effort to reduce system delays in transfer and improve outcomes for subjects presenting with STEMI.1 This scrutiny on pre- and interhospital care has led to marked reductions in door-to-balloon times across the United States.2 Unlike STEMI, acute aortic syndrome (AAS) defined as acute aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, or penetrating aortic ulcer is a less frequent clinical event that lacks an effective diagnostic biomarker and requires definitive imaging for confirmation. The time-sensitive nature of AAS, complexity of surgery, and endovascular intervention and the relative paucity of institutions that deliver 24/7 state-of-the-art care strongly advocates for regional systems of care across the United States. Successful transfer of patients with AAS has previously been described through such efficient regional care models.3,4 Our aim was to evaluate safety and timeliness of transfer provided by our regional aortic network. The transfer metrics served by this analysis will help us improve as a network and more importantly serve as a benchmark to be replicated and improved on by others. Our AAS network shares a common hotline with our STEMI and stroke networks. On activation, a transfer team is dispatched immediately to the referring center. The transfer system is operated by critical care trained nurse practitioners and paramedics, who are equipped in handling all cardiovascular emergencies under direct consultation with cardiac intensive care unit (CCU) physicians. The transfer team’s goal is to expedite safe …
Processing Systems for Hot‐ and Cold‐Boned Primals from Mature Cow Carcasses

The longissimus (LD) and semimembranosus muscles (SM) were removed from one side of 24 mature, low quality cow carcasses within 3 hr of slaughter, while these muscles were removed from the opposite side 24 hr later following chilling at 3°C. Muscles from both sides were allocated to four processing systems, which included various combinations of immediate freezing, aging, blade tenderization, vacuum packaging, film wrapping and enzyme application. Hot boning resulted in decreased tenderness for the LD and the SM when braised. Aging of film-wrapped cuts for 7 days and vacuum-packaged cuts for 14 days prior to freezing produced the greatest improvements in tenderness. Strip loins from hot-boned, low quality mature cows can produce palatable steaks if aging, blade tenderization and enzymes are also used.
An Immunohistochemical Label to Facilitate Counting of Ovarian Follicles

U.S. and internationally harmonized Health Effects Test Guidelines for Reproduction and Fertility Effects include enumeration of primordial and developing ovarian follicles as endpoints of safetytests, and the number of these structures is also of interest for other aspects of reproductive biology. Performing the counts microscopically on representative hematoxylin and eosin (HE ability to detect and identify primordial follicles is particularly enhanced. High-contrast and high-resolution labeling was achieved with routine immunohistochemical procedures using an avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase method on rat andmouse tissues e xedin10% neutral buffered formalin.
From Slave Revolt to a Blood Pact with Satan: The Evangelical Rewriting of Haitian History

Enslaved Africans and Creoles in the French colony of Saint-Domingue are said to have gathered at a nighttime meeting at a place called Bois Caiman in what was both political rally and religious ceremony, weeks before the Haitian Revolution in 1791. The slave ceremony is known in Haitian history as a religio-political event and used frequently as a source of inspiration by nationalists, but in the 1990s, neo-evangelicals rewrote the story of the famous ceremony as a “blood pact with Satan.” This essay traces the social links and biblical logics that gave rise first to the historical record, and then to the neo-evangelical rewriting of this iconic moment. It argues that the confluence of the bicentennial of the Haitian Revolution with the political contest around President Aristide’s policies, the growth of the neo-evangelical Spiritual Mapping movement, and of the Internet, produced a new form of mythmaking, in which neo-evangelicals re-signified key symbols of the event—an oath to a divine force, blood s...
Addressing the system-on-a-chip interconnect woes through communication-based design

Communication-based design represents a formal method approach to of system-on-a-chip design that considers communication between components as important as the computations they perform. “Our network-on-chipr approach partitions the communication into layers to maximize reuse and provide a programmer with an abstraction of the underlying communication framework. This layered approach is cast in the structure advocated by the OSI Reference network model and is demonstrated with a reconfigurable DSP example. The Metropolis methodology of deriving layers through a sequence of successive adaptation steps between incompatible behaviors refinement of communication is illustrated through the Intercom a design example. In another approach, MESCAL provides a designer with tools for a correct-by-construction protocol stack.
TASER® Electronic Control Device-Induced Rhabdomyolysis and Renal Failure: A Case Report

Many law enforcement agencies around the United States are employing the use of TASER(®) electronic control devices (TASER(®) International Inc.) to subdue combative suspects. Since its inception the TASER(®) has had a temporal association with reports of rhabdomyolysis. Case reports have reported TASER(®) induced rhabdomyolysis as mild but serious cases have also been reported. Herein we present the case of a single patient who was admitted to our health network with severe rhabdomyolysis after receiving TASER(®) shocks and review the pertinent literature. No direct link has been established between clinically significant rhabdomyolysis and TASER(®) device application but this case serves as an example of a sparsely documented but serious complication that may occur in patients who are at risk for restraint by an electronic control device.
Stability of Y chromosome fluorescence during freeze-thawing and frozen storage of human spermatozoa.

Data are presented concerning the possible effect cryoinjury and cryoprotection may have on the integrity of the Y chromosome in the human spermatozoon in terms of its capacity to fluoresce. Comparisons were made before and after freeze-thawing with and without glycerol and after up to 13 years of frozen-storage. No evidence of altered integrity of chromosomal fluorescence was noted either in cryoinjury or in cryoprotection. Data did not rule out possible cryoinduced mutagenetic effects which remain undetected. However data did support the efficacy and genetic safety of cryopreservation of human spermatozoa in the clinical use of frozen-stored semen.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)
Accuracy of Short-Interval Trap-Nesting of the Fowl

Abstract DAILY trap-nesting of fowls is one of the most costly operations of a poultry breeding plant. Any reduction in the labor required in obtaining trap-nest records would obviously reduce the costs of operation. Many short-cut methods for obtaining satisfactory egg records of hens have been proposed and a complete review of the literature was given by Olsen (1939). In his article he suggested the possibility of one-day-a-week trap-nesting of fowls. His statistical analysis shows that the individual error for some hens, if trap-nested only one day a week, would be large. When the individual error is large, accurate comparisons of families could not be made, and progeny testing would not be valid. This study, comparing the accuracy of one, two, three, four, five, and six day-a-week trap-nesting, and trap-nesting six consecutive days every other week, should aid the poultry breeder in finding a shortcut method of obtaining satisfactory information regarding . . .
Attached vs. Excised Trifoliolates for Evaluation of Resistance in Alfalfa to the Spotted Alfalfa Aphid1

Spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), adult and nymphal survival was used to compare the level of resistance between caged trifoliolates on the plant and the corresponding plant part which had been detached. The adult and nymphal survival averaged over clones and replications was higher on excised than intact alfalfa trifoliolates. However, the differences in survival varied differentially among the clones tested. Adult and nymphal survival differences between intact and excised plant parts were significant on 24% (adult survival) and 20% (nymphal survival) of the clones. In all cases where the differences were significant, the survival on the excised trifoliolates exceeded that on the intact trifoliolates of the same clone. No significant differences in adult or nymphal survival were detected where the terminal was removed or left intact on the excised plant parts. From a practical standpoint, the results indicated that using the excised-trifoliolate procedure in resistance screening tended to underestimate the resistance level of the plant population tested.
The Resident Athletic League: A sports-based 'interpersonal effectiveness' group for adolescent males in residential treatment

In this paper, I discuss the Resident Athletic League (RAL), a sports-based 'interpersonal effectiveness' group for adolescent males in residential treatment (Linehan, 1993b, p. 115). I introduce the groupwork theories that underlie the RAL. I explain how I implemented these theories through group planning and facilitation, and I explore two examples of residents' group experience. In conclusion, I consider the emergent or synergistic quality of groups, suggesting a relationship between effective groupwork and House culture (Halperin, 2002; Forte, 2007).
A Computerized Axial Tomographic Study of Museum Objects

Radiography is the most useful tool for the examination of objects by non-destructive means. A variety of questions can be answered by radiographic techniques. Some questions are those arising from conservation, e.g., the location, shape and size of restorations, internal flaws, hidden underpaintings and extent of deterioration such as corrosion. similarly, questions in technical and archaeometric studies include those related to methods of fabrication of objects, precise measurement of dimensions, details of internal construction and detection of different materials composing an object. However, not all of these questions can be answered equally well by conventional methods of radiography.
Major vault protein in bladder tumor drug resistance and cell signaling.

5096 The vault complex is the largest known ribonuclear protein complex. To date, no function of vaults has been described, although their expression correlates in several tumor types, including bladder cancer, with drug resistance. Knockdown of the Major Vault Protein (MVP), the major constituent of the vault, in UMUC-3 human bladder cancer cells results in sensitization towards Doxorubicin. This is direct evidence for a role of vaults in de novo drug resistance. Our data indicate that MVP knockdown perturb the nuclear exclusion and subsequent lysosomal sequestration of Doxorubicin, providing novel data to the notion that vaults are important in cellular transport processes. MVP has further been suggested to function as a scaffold protein in EGF signaling and to directly interact with PTEN. An interaction between MVP and the tumor suppressor PTEN was identified in a mass spectroscopy based screen in UMUC-3 cells. To further analyze this interaction, we investigated the effect of MVP knockdown downstream of the EGF receptor in the PI3Kinase/AKT pathway as well as in the MAP Kinase pathway by assessing phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 levels respectively, through western blotting. No effect was seen on steady state levels of phospho-AKT. However, both phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK responses were initially lower directly after EGF signaling. We are hence seeing a disruption in EGFR signaling dynamics, that current efforts aim to explain. In summary these studies will increase the understanding of the role MVP, and in extension the vault complex, plays in de novo drug resistance.
Final Effect Analysis of World Bank Loan /UK Grants for China Tuberculosis Control Project in Banan District from 2002-2009

[Objective]To analyze the final effect of World Bank Loan /UK Grants for China Tuberculosis(TB) Control Project in Banan District,and ensure the TB control work sustainable and smooth. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of Tb control project in Banan District from 2002-2009 with Excel. [Results]A total of 14 278 patients were newly diagnosed from 2002-2009,5 535 TB cases were identified,among which 2 556 were smear-positive TB patients,the average registration rate of smear-positive was 36.94/100 000;2 332 received initial treatment,224 received retreatment(9%),the ratio of them was(0.91 ∶0.09);all 2 556 smear-positive TB patients received directly observed treatment,short-course(DOTS),the cure rate of newly diagnosed TB cases was 91.43%,that of retreated TB cases was 88.37%. [Conclusion]Of all patients during 2002-2009,the registration rate increased annually.The proportion of patients with initial treatment increased gradually,while the proportion of patients with retreatment decreased gradually.The cure rates of smear-positive TB patients and smear-negative TB patients have met the requirements of the planning target.
Class-based stabilized virtual buffer-an AQM scheme with stability, fairness and QoS assurance*

In this paper we present two Active Queue Management (AQM) schemes, called Multi-class Stabilized Virtual Buffer (MSVB) and SVB with In and Out (SIO), to improve the queue stability, fairness and bandwidth assurance for various classes of Internet connections. These AQM schemes are based on our recent SVB concept that was shown to provide better stability compared to prior AQM schemes. The MSVB policy is a generic multi-class AQM mechanism, while the SIO policy is targeted for the Differentiated Service (Diffserv) architecture. We discuss the design and a control-theoretic analysis of the proposed algorithms, and analyze their steady-state as well as transient behaviors. We then compare the performance of the SVB-based controllers with several well known AQM schemes through simulation. The results indicate that the proposed schemes are capable of providing better stability, improved fairness in bandwidth sharing, and high and predictable performance compared to prior AQM mechanisms.
Case file coding of child maltreatment: Methods, challenges, and innovations in a longitudinal project of youth in foster care

State social service agency case files are a common mechanism for obtaining information about a child's maltreatment history, yet these documents are often challenging for researchers to access, and then to process in a manner consistent with the requirements of social science research designs. Specifically, accessing and navigating case files is an extensive undertaking, and a task that many researchers have had to maneuver with little guidance. Even after the files are in hand and the research questions and relevant variables have been clarified, case file information about a child's maltreatment exposure can be idiosyncratic, vague, inconsistent, and incomplete, making coding such information into useful variables for statistical analyses difficult. The Modified Maltreatment Classification System (MMCS) is a popular tool used to guide the process, and though comprehensive, this coding system cannot cover all idiosyncrasies found in case files. It is not clear from the literature how researchers implement this system while accounting for issues outside of the purview of the MMCS or that arise during MMCS use. Finally, a large yet reliable file coding team is essential to the process, however, the literature lacks training guidelines and methods for establishing reliability between coders. In an effort to move the field toward a common approach, the purpose of the present discussion is to detail the process used by one large-scale study of child maltreatment, the Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids (SPARK) project, a longitudinal study of resilience in youth in foster care. The article addresses each phase of case file coding, from accessing case files, to identifying how to measure constructs of interest, to dealing with exceptions to the coding system, to coding variables reliably, to training large teams of coders and monitoring for fidelity. Implications for a comprehensive and efficient approach to case file coding are discussed.
History of Peripheral Nerve Repair

The history of peripheral nerve surgery can be divided into three distinct phases. Prior to the nineteenth century, surgeons possessed a very limited understanding of the anatomical and physiological nature of nerves. During the nineteenth century, the field struggled with contrary beliefs about how best to heal nerves following injury, leading to a lack of real surgical treatment, and in the twentieth century, general surgeons, neurological surgeons, and plastic surgeons rapidly advanced the practice of peripheral nerve repair. Peripheral nerve surgery began with a growing understanding of the structure and function of nerve tissue, and its current state of sophistication arose as a result of a much deeper understanding obtained through technological advances. Many developments in the treatment of nerve injury came about through the exigencies of war, during which thousands of victims of various conflicts contributed their conditions for the study and treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Throughout its history, the field has worked to determine the classification of nerve injuries, whether these injuries should be operated upon or not, which procedure should be undertaken if operation is decided on, which techniques were best for nerve suture if undertaken, how to deal with nerve gaps if they are too large for direct suture, and timing of surgery. Some of the best neuroscientists and surgeons of the past few centuries dedicated themselves to answering these questions in their goal of helping patients with these potentially devastating injuries. As a result, the outlook of today’s patient is vastly different from those of past centuries.
Behavior: Knowing When to Walk Away, Knowing When to Run

A new model has been proposed indicating that humans and other animals weigh the metabolic cost of pursuit in deciding how fast to move toward a given reward, providing a powerful framework for understanding behavior.
Antepartum Causes of Cerebral Palsy

Six neonates with destructive brain lesions of fetal onset, diagnosed by radiological and neurophysiological studies, are reported from the Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, Radiology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA and Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh.
Isolated nano-tendril bundles on tungsten surfaces exposed to radiofrequency helium plasma

Abstract The DIONISOS experiment is used to study the impact of RF helium (He) plasma on the surface morphology of tungsten (W) at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. Helium ion energy distributions with a span of 70–75 eV, while still below the sputtering threshold result in nano-tendril bundles (NTBs) and free-standing W whiskers on surfaces at 1020 K. The NTBs are distributed intragranularly with coverage of less than 10% while reaching up to 30 µm normal to the surface for He ion fluence of 7.6 × 10 25 m −2 and flux density of 10 22 m −2 s −1 . Analysis of the NTB interior and sub-surface structure is provided through focused ion beam cross section.