cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-Energy Atom-Atom Scattering: Corrections to the He-He Interaction

A formalism, previously presented, for describing atom-atom scattering in the adiabatic representation to higher orders in m/M is generalized to describe the problem of different isotopes and different atoms. This is accomplished by a sequence of nonlinear coordinate transformations which introduce a switching function-'' which is defined only in the asymptotic limit of separated atoms. It is found that the effective potential for elastic scattering contains energy-dependent terms in order m/M and that it also depends upon the switching function in this order so that the potential is not unique. It is also found that in this order the definition of adiabatic states is not a trivial problem. A variational choice is made for the switching function and explicit calculations are presented for the He-He interaction. The coupled equations describing transitions are then derived and it is shown that terms are omitted from the usual coupling operator which are of the same order of magnitude as the one usually kept. This leads to a modification of the usual Landau-Zener transition formula.
Highly efficient, resonant Raman molecular iodine laser.

A highly efficient 1.3‐µm molecular iodine Raman laser is demonstrated. Multiwavelength output powers of 600 mW and photon-conversion efficiencies of 78% are demonstrated for a 532-nm pump source. Single-wavelength output powers of 480 mW and photon-conversion efficiencies of 67% are also realized. A simple thermal lensing model is used to optimize the pump and Stokes mode sizes.
An algorithm for online detection of temporal changes in operator cognitive state using real-time psychophysiological data

Abstract We consider the problem of on-the-fly detection of temporal changes in the cognitive state of human subjects due to varying levels of difficulty of performed tasks using real-time EEG and EOG data. We construct the Cognitive State Indicator (CSI) as a function that projects the multidimensional EEG/EOG signals onto the interval [0,1] by maximizing the Kullback–Leibler distance between distributions of the signals, and whose values change continuously with variations in cognitive load. During offline testing (i.e., when evolution in time is disregarded) it was demonstrated that the CSI can serve as a statistically significant discriminator between states of different cognitive loads. In the online setting, a trend detection heuristic (TDH) has been proposed to detect real-time changes in the cognitive state by monitoring trends in the CSI. Our results support the application of the CSI and the TDH in future closed-loop control systems with human supervision.
Perinatal development of heart, kidney, and liver mitochondrial antioxidant defense.

ABSTRACT: Development of the mitochondrial antioxidant defense system was studied to assess its potential role in the newborn mammal's tolerance to oxidative challenge and to gain insight into the fetal adaptation to a relatively hyperoxic adult environment. Isolated heart, kidney, and liver mitochondria from fetal, newborn, and adult guinea pigs were used. In situ function of the antioxidant enzymes was estimated in mitochondrial suspensions after the addition to selenite or tert-butyl hydroperoxide by determining NAD(P)H oxidation rates spectrophotometrically at 340-375 nm. Kidney and liver mitochondria from newborn animals were less susceptible to selenite and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced NAD(P)H oxidation. The pattern of change, however, varied widely with tissue type. Kidney mitochondria displayed the largest change with a 3- to 4-fold increase in rate from the fetal to adult period. NAD(P)H oxidation rates in intact mitochondria did not correlate consistently with glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities in sonicated mitochondria suggesting in situ regulation by other endogenous factors. Immediately after birth, mitochondrial glutathione reductase and peroxidase activities dropped 38-50% and 50-70%, respectively, in all tissues studied. Total glutathione content of heart and liver mitochondria did not change with age. Adult kidney mitochondrial glutathione, however, declined to 24% of fetal values. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity increased 150-300% from the fetal to the adult period in all tissues studied. Perinatal changes in the mitochondrial antioxidant system and their relationship to mitochondrial calcium metabolism are discussed in terms of the newborn's resistance to oxidative stress.
Electronic structure of NaCo2O4

Abstract Molecular orbital calculations for NaCo 2 O 4 have been carried out using the discrete-variational-Xα cluster method. NaCo 2 O 4 is the best oxide ever known for the thermoelectric power generation. To understand the transport properties of the NaCo 2 O 4 , the electronic states of Co ion was discussed, which plays an essential role in its transport property. The physical properties such as low spin state, p-type metallic conduction, and large effective mass of NaCo 2 O 4 were discussed using the calculated results of the cluster model in this study.
Measurement of motivations for and against sexual behavior.

A multi-dimensional measure assessing distinct motivations for and against sex was shown to be reliable, valid, and configurally invariant among incoming first-year college students. Three Motivations Against Sex Questionnaire (MASQ) subscales were developed to measure motivations against sexual behavior (Values, Health, Not Ready) to complement and extend a set of Sexual Motivations Scale – Revised (SMS-R; Cooper, Shapiro, & Powers, 1998) subscales assessing motivations for sexual behavior (Intimacy, Enhancement, Coping). Participants were surveyed the summer prior to college (N = 1653; 58.4% female). Exploratory factor analysis on a random one-quarter of respondents supported the hypothesized factors. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good overall fit to the data and configural invariance across gender and ethnicity and across lifetime sexual experience. Motivations were associated with lifetime oral and penetrative sexual behaviors. This combined measure may be used for identifying motivations, predicting behaviors, and tailoring motivational interventions for sexual health among adolescents and young adults.
Dynamics of Retrieval Strategies for Remote Memories

Prevailing theory suggests that long-term memories are encoded via a two-phase process requiring early involvement of the hippocampus followed by the neocortex. Contextual fear memories in rodents rely on the hippocampus immediately following training but are unaffected by hippocampal lesions or pharmacological inhibition weeks later. With fast optogenetic methods, we examine the real-time contribution of hippocampal CA1 excitatory neurons to remote memory and find that contextual fear memory recall, even weeks after training, can be reversibly abolished by temporally precise optogenetic inhibition of CA1. When this inhibition is extended to match the typical time course of pharmacological inhibition, remote hippocampus dependence converts to hippocampus independence, suggesting that long-term memory retrieval normally depends on the hippocampus but can adaptively shift to alternate structures. Further revealing the plasticity of mechanisms required for memory recall, we confirm the remote-timescale importance of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and implicate CA1 in ACC recruitment for remote recall.
Spatial and temporal patterns in sediment and water column nutrients in a eutrophic Southern California estuary

Quarterly field sampling was conducted to characterize variations in water column and sediment nutrients in a eutrophic southern California estuary with a history of frequent macroalgal blooms. Water column and sediment nutrient measures demonstrated that Upper Newport Bay (UNB) is a highly enriched estuary. High nitrate (NO3 −) loads from the river entered the estuary at all sampling times with a rainy season (winter) maximum estimated at 2,419 mol h−1. This resulted in water NO3 − concentration in the estuary near the river mouth at least one order of magnitude above all other sampling locations during every seasons; maximum mean water NO3 − concentration was 800 μM during springer 1997. Phosphorus (P)-loading was high year round (5.7–90.4 mol h−1) with no seasonal pattern. Sediment nitrogen (N)-content showed a seasonal pattern with a spring maximum declining through fall. sediment and water nutrients, as well as percent cover of three dominant macroalgae, varied between the main channel and tidal creeks. During all seasons, water column NO3 − concentrations were higher in the main channel than in tidal creeks while tidal creeks had higher levels of sediment total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) and P. During each of the four sampling periods, percent cover ofEntermorpha intestinalis andCeramium spp. was higher in tidal creeks than in the main channel, while percent cover ofUlva expansa was always higher in the main channel. Decreases in sediment N in both creek and channel habitats were concurrent with increases in macroalgal cover, possibly reflecting use of stored sediment TKN by macroalgae. Our data suggest a shift in primary nutrient sources for macroalgae in UNB from riverine input during winter and spring to recycling from sediments duirng summer and fall.
Uteroplacental insufficiency alters DNA methylation, one-carbon metabolism, and histone acetylation in IUGR rats

Uteroplacental insufficiency leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and increases the risk of insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in both humans and rats. Postnatal changes in hepa...
Microbial Models of Mammalian Metabolism: Conversion of Warfarin to 4′-Hydroxywarfarin Using Cunninghamella Bainieri

Warfarin, an anticoagulant and “metabolic probe” for cytochrome P-450 isozyme multiplicity, is metabolized to 4′-hydroxywarfarin, a principle mammalian metabolite, using the fungus Cunninghamella bainieri (UI-3065). The metabolite was isolated from cell suspension cultures and characterized by analytical (TLC, HPLC, GC-MS) and spectral (HRMS, EI-MS, PMR) comparisons with authentic 4′-hydroxywarfarin. The mechanism of aromatic hydroxylation was examined in C. bainieri using 4′-deuterowarfarin. The absence of a primary isotope effect (KH/KD = 1.13), migration and retention of deuterium in the phenolic product [80% migration and retention (M&R)], and inhibition of the hydroxylation by carbon monoxide (93% inhibition in a 50:50 CO:O2 atmosphere) are consistent with a cytochrome P-450-mediated hydroxylation involving the classic NIH shift (arene oxide) pathway.
A semi-parametric regression analysis of CD4 cell counts.

This paper considers the regression analysis of CD4 cell counts, a commonly used indicator and prognostic factor of AIDS progression. For this purpose, a number of methods have been proposed and most of them are based on random effects models. We present an alternative that is based on a mean function regression model. The new method is more natural and particularly appropriate if population parameters such as treatment comparison are mainly of interest. To estimate regression parameters, we present an estimating equation-based approach, which does not require estimation of the baseline mean function. This makes the implementation of the approach and the study of the properties of the estimated regression parameters much easier than those based on random effects models. The method is illustrated with a set of CD4 cell count data arising from an AIDS clinical trial and simulated data.
The Relationship Between Change Across Multiple Organizational Domains and the Incidence of Latent Errors

The authors examined the relationship between types of organizational change (i.e., changes across multiple domains, e.g., employees, structure, and technology) and the incidence of latent errors (i.e., potentially consequential deviations from rules and procedures), using data from internal audit reports and interviews with managers in 80 business units in a large financial institution. Consistent with their premise that latent errors result from the increased demands on organizational attention associated with organizational change, the authors found that changes in multiple organizational domains was positively related to the frequency of latent errors. Moreover, this relationship was only observed for changes that had an adverse impact on managerial time, expertise, and/or work coordination. Implications for research on organizational change and latent errors, as well as for managers, are discussed.
Initial speaking distance as a function of the speakers' relationship

Distances between individuals were recorded at the moment conversation began. The distances were then related to the relationship between the individuals and to their sex, age and race. Groups differing in these characteristics were found to differ reliably in initial speaking distance. Student experimenters were approached more closely by their friends than by their parents whose approach was similar to that of strangers. Speaking distance was suggested as part of an operational definition of interpersonal relations.
Increasing the Cultural Proficiency of Clinical Managers.

The author describes the development of a 20-hour curriculum to train clinical managers to enhance the cultural competence of their staff. After training, managers reported improvements in their multicultural competence and in the ability to enhance their staff's cultural competence. El autor describe el desarrollo de un plan de un curriculo de 20 horas de entrenar directores clinicos para aumentar la competencia cultural de su personal. Despues del entrenamiento, los directores informaron mejoria en su competencia multicultural y en la habilidad de aumentar la competencia cultural de su personal.
Systematic analysis of inductors on silicon using EM simulations

This paper presents a systematic analysis of inductors on silicon by using EM simulation on a FEM (finite element method) based simulator. First, the EM simulation capability is established by achieving a good agreement with measured data in terms of S-parameters, quality factor, and effective inductance. Then, both the geometrical parameters such as inner diameter and number of turns and process parameters such as metal thickness and metal conductivity are varied to determine the impact on inductor performance. Also, different shapes of inductors, octagonal and square, are simulated to compare the performance. The use of ground ring is investigated to see the effect. The analysis provides a comprehensive guideline for designing and optimizing on-chip inductors on silicon.
Coronary Angioplasty Induces a Systemic Inflammatory Response

C-reactive protein (CRP) levels increased more than sixfold above baseline when measured 48 hours after elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients without underlying inflammatory conditions and did not change significantly in controls undergoing coronary angiography. Only 3 of the 42 PTCA patients had clinical restenosis and underwent target vessel revascularization during the 6-month follow-up, but 2 of the 3 had very high CRP levels 48 hours after the procedure.
Lake Trout Reproduction in Lake Champlain

Abstract Native lake trout Salvelinus namaycush were driven to extirpation in Lake Champlain in the early 1900s. Possible causes include overharvest, predation on adults by sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, and predation on fry by rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax. Efforts to restore a lake trout fishery began in 1972 when a coordinated stocking program was initiated. Attempts to control sea lamprey populations began in 1990. Despite these management actions, reproduction by stocked fish has not resulted in large, naturally produced year-classes. This is the first formal study to quantitatively assess the level of natural reproduction by lake trout in Lake Champlain. In 2000–2002, we located 14 potential lake trout spawning sites and evaluated the habitat characteristics and level of spawning activity at each site. Passive egg collectors revealed that eggs were deposited at 8 of 14 sites, egg abundance ranging from 1.9 to 9,623 eggs/m2. In 2001 and 2002, lake trout fry were collected in emergent fry traps at thr...
The Role of Relationship Biography in Advance Care Planning

Objective: We examine the ways that romantic relationship biographies are related to whether, how, and with whom individuals complete advance care planning (ACP), preparations for end-of-life medical care. Method: Data are from an Internet survey of 2,144 adults aged 18 to 64, all of whom were either married to or cohabiting with an opposite-sex partner. Results: Cohabitors were less likely than married people to complete ACP. Relationship quality was an important influence on ACP, but did not account for the differences between married and cohabiting persons. Differences were largely explained by the age composition of the groups. Discussion: Couples who foresee a long and stable future together are those most likely to engage in end-of-life planning, a preventative health behavior with long- term consequences for well-being.
Adaptive technology for e-learning: principles and case studies of an emerging field

This article discusses the rapidly emerging field of computer-based assessment for adaptive content in e-learning (National Research Council, 2001), which we call differentiated e-learning. In e-learning products, a variety of assessment approaches are being used for such diverse purposes as adaptive delivery of content, individualizing learning materials, dynamic feedback, cognitive diagnosis, score reporting, and course placement (Gifford, 2001). A recent paper at the General Teaching Council Conference in London, England, on teaching, learning, and accountability described assessment for personalized learning through e-learning products as a “quiet revolution” taking place in education (Hopkins, 2004). In our study, we examine approaches for the use of assessment evidence in e-learning in four case studies. The products in the case studies were selected for exhibiting at least one exemplary aspect regarding assessment and measurement. The principles of the Berkeley Evaluation & Assessment Research Center Assessment System (Wilson & Sloane, 2000) are used as a framework of analysis for these products with respect to key measurement principles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optical constant determinations of thin films by a random search method.

Optical constants of gold films were determined by a modified random search computer inversion method. Good agreement of results with literature values was obtained. The calculation of n and k from R and T was realized with a powerful search technique called the statistical testing method. The sensitivity of n and k determinations to errors in R and T was investigated by computer simulation.
Polymer-supported calix[4]arenes for sensing and conversion of NO2/N2O4

Abstract The use of simple calix[4]arenes 1a,b for NO2/N2O4 sensing and conversion is demonstrated, both in solution and in the solid state. Upon reacting with these gases, compounds 1a,b encapsulate reactive NO+ cations within their cavities with the formation of deeply colored (λmax∼570 nm) charge-transfer complexes 2a,b . Further functionalization of the calix[4]arene platform is reported for attachment to solid supports. Polymer-supported calixarene material 3 was prepared, which reversibly traps NO2/N2O4 with the formation of nitrosonium storing polymer 4 . Material 4 was effectively used for nitrosation of amides.
Impacts of Soil Heating Condition on Precipitation Simulations in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model

Abstract Soil temperature is a major variable in land surface models, representing soil energy status, storage, and transfer. It serves as an important factor indicating the underlying surface heating condition for weather and climate forecasts. This study utilizes the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to study the impacts of changes to the surface heating condition, derived from soil temperature observations, on regional weather simulations. Large cold biases are found in the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis project (ERA-40) soil temperatures as compared to observations. At the same time, a warm bias is found in the lower boundary assumption adopted by the Noah land surface model. In six heavy rain cases studied herein, observed soil temperatures are used to initialize the land surface model and to provide a lower boundary condition at the bottom of the model soil layer. By analyzing the impacts from the incorporation of observed soil temperatures, t...
Assessment of left ventricular compliance during heart preservation

There is critical need for a greater number of donor hearts for transplantation. The demand can be relieved, in part, by an extension of preservation time. This necessitates new methods of preservation and development of means to assess the functional condition of the preserved heart. We report a heart-preservation system designed for long-term preservation support and discuss issues specifically related to extended heart preservation. This article presents methodology to assess ventricular compliance and to quantify coronary flow distribution during the use of microperfusion preservation. Ventricular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations are directly related to the immediate post-preservation function: however, direct measurement of ATP is not clinically available. Based on the premise that ventricular compliance relates directly to the ventricular ATP concentrations, we performed sequential ventricular compliance measurements using a simple left ventricular balloon during a 24 h preservation period. A porcine heart model was employed using a continuous, hypothermic, antegrade, microperfusion system for 24 h and measurements were made at specific intervals during the preservation time. The compliance measurements were ascertained by pressure-volume curves using a flaccid balloon inserted into the left ventricle through the mitral valve. In addition, to assess microvascular function during the preservation interval, regional coronary flow measurements were performed using a microsphere technique. We report that after 12 h of preservation there was a twofold reduction in ventricular compliance which decreased further by fivefold at 18 h. In contrast, there was a time-dependent decrease in left ventricular coronary flow, especially with the left-ventricular subendocardial region significantly decreasing by 50% at 12 h. In conclusion, a simple ventricular-compliance balloon provided a direct measurement of ventricular compliance of the preserved heart which may provide an indirect estimate of the ventricular high-energy phosphates of the preserved heart prior to transplantation.
EXPONENTIAL AND STRONG STABILITY OF THE ENERGY OF EVOLUTION SYSTEM WITH DISTRIBUTED CONTROLLER

To control the vibration of flexible structures, various boundary as well as internal feedback controllers have been introduced to achieve energy dissipation (which suppresses oscillation in the system), and hence, stabilize dynamical systems in finite media (such as strings, rods, beams, membranes, and plates). To this end, the mathematical analysis of eigenspectrums of vibration, energy multipliers, energy perturbation, etc., were employed for single bounded domains [10]. Stabilization properties of serially connected vibrating strings, beams, or membranes can be found in several papers [4, 5, 11]. Wang, in [5], has showed that the uniform stabilization can be achieved if we employ a dissipative boundary condition at one end. In fact, if one damper is located at a mid-span joint of two vibrating strings coupled in series, the uniform stabilization property holds if Cj/c2 (wave speeds) has certain rational values. The subject of this paper is the stabilization properties of vibrating objects connected in parallel whose energy will be damped out by velocity feed-back controllers for various boundary conditions [see also 7, 8].
Consumption of mercaptan chain transfer agents in chloroprene polymerization

The consumption of primary mercaptans from C5 to C12, and of tertiary dodecyl mercaptan, has been studied during chloroprene polymerization. All of the primary mercaptans disappeared with the same rate constant as did the chloroprene monomer. Tertiary dodecyl mercaptan disappeared more slowly. Equal molar concentrations of different primary mercaptans gave similar intrinsic viscosity polychloroprenes at any specific monomer conversion. Polymerization rate and temperature were shown to have little effect on relative mercaptan consumption over the limited conditions employed. The mercaptans studied were shown to have only slight solubilities in aqueous base solutions. The observations led to the conclusion that the mercaptan consumption is not diffusion- or solubility-controlled, but depends upon the inherent reactivity of a mercaptan at the polymerization site.
Update on Health Literacy and Diabetes

PurposeInadequate literacy is common among patients with diabetes and may lead to adverse outcomes. The authors reviewed the relationship between literacy and health outcomes in patients with diabetes and potential interventions to improve outcomes.MethodsWe reviewed 79 articles covering 3 key domains: (1) evaluation of screening tools to identify inadequate literacy and numeracy, (2) the relationships of a range of diabetes-related health outcomes with literacy and numeracy, and (3) interventions to reduce literacy-related differences in health outcomes.ResultsSeveral screening tools are available to assess patients’ print literacy and numeracy skills, some specifically addressing diabetes. Literacy and numeracy are consistently associated with diabetes-related knowledge. Some studies suggest literacy and numeracy are associated with intermediate outcomes, including self-efficacy, communication, and self-care (including adherence), but the relationship between literacy and glycemic control is mixed. Few ...
A "CS 1.5" introduction to web programming

Web programming is increasing rapidly in importance at the university level, yet there is no consensus about when and how it should be incorporated into the computer science curriculum. This paper describes our results in teaching an experimental introductory web programming course at the University of Washington that has had great success in attracting large numbers of students from inside and outside the computer science major. The course requires CS1 as a prerequisite, striking a good balance between making the course open to non-majors but also more rigorous for students with programming background. We classify the course as "CS 1.5" because many of our students take it between CS1 and CS2. We use our evaluation data to argue that a web programming course at this level leads to a great deal of student interest and enthusiasm, broadens the reach of computer science, and provides a valuable service to other departments.
Synergistic Effect of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Micron-Sized Rubber Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resin

In this study, the synergistic effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNT) and micron-sized rubber particles in improving the thermomechanical properties of epoxy resin is demonstrated. fCNT is mixed with carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile toughened epoxy (CTBNTE) by ultrasonication followed by the addition of curing agent and mixing with planetary shear mixer. A significant improvement is noticed in fracture toughness (≈ 200%) and thermal stability (≈ 12 °C) of fCNT-filled CTBNTE system but only a marginal improvement in fracture toughness and thermal stability of pristine CNT-filled CTBNTE relative to epoxy. Dispersion of fCNT is better than pristine CNT in the epoxy matrix. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fractured surface of fCNT-filled CTBNTE reveal plastic deformation zone, stress whitening, and overall rougher surface compared to pristine CNT-filled CTBNTE. The findings of our work show promise for use of fCNT in conjunction with a rubber toughener as filler for improving the properties of epoxy resin for advanced structural applications.
Placing Data in the Land of 10,000 Lakes: Navigating the History and Future of Geospatial Data Production, Stewardship, and Archiving in Minnesota

Thanks to effective collection development and preservation, when researchers come to the John R. Borchert Map Library at the University of Minnesota today, they can access original plat maps and a...
Parent adjustment and family stress as factors in behavioral parent training for young autistic children

One of the most prevalent means of intervention for the multiple disabilites exhibited by children with autism is parent training. Research has shown parent training to be an effective, cost-efficient method for behavior change and maintenance. Still, it is evident that not all parents respond similarly to training curricula and, thus, parent training may not be the most effective service delivery option for all families. A large number of variables undoubtedly contribute to the differential benefits that parents and their children may derive from parent training programs. This article discusses those factors that involve the psychological adjustment and functioning of the children's parents and family unit. In addition to reviewing literature specific to autism, relevant research on parent training with more prevalent childhood disorders is also reviewed. To investigate further the relationship between child, parent, and family variables, a model of a comprehensive assessment methodology is illustrated in the context of evaluating differential outcomes in an ongoing parent training program. In addition to presenting some preliminary trends in these data, sample data on two cases are presented to illustrate child and family profiles. It is suggested that future multivariate research in the areas of child, parent, and family functioning could contribute to clinical decision-making and the more desirable individualization of service delivery.
Richard Du Champ in Cymbeline

But just before this (in line 377) Imogen told Lucius another fib. He had asked the name of her dead master. Did she hesitate a little before replying, "Richard du Champ"? Lucius, an officer in the service of the Emperor Augustus, accepted this untimely bit of French without comment. We, some two millennia later, might well give it more careful scrutiny. Since the name is not in Shakespeare's sources (Holinshed and Boccaccio),. he may have anticipated Imogen by inventing it himself. Or was it a matter of pure invention? I wish to suggest the possibility of translation: Richard du Champ, Anglice Richard Field. Shakespeare had good reason to remember this latter name, for it belonged to a Stratford contemporary (born I56i) who was destined to become a highly successful London printer. From his press appeared Venus and Adonis (I593) and The Rape of Lucrece (I594). There was good reason also for Shakespeare to associate him with things French. Field came to London in I579 to serve an apprenticeship in the shop of the French Huguenot printer Thomas Vautrollier, whose widow he was to marry some eight years later. She too was French. At the turn of the century the Fields were neighbors of the Mountjoys, a French Huguenot family with whom Shakespeare was living in i604. Field printed several books in French, but in none of those whose imprints I have been able to trace is his name translated (STC 4502, 7358, I5449, I5451). In the imprints of his Spanish books, however, his name regularly appears as "R. del Campo" (STC 24580) or "Ricardo del Campo" (STC 2959, 4426,
Pharmacologic suppression of estrogens with aminoglutethimide as treatment of advanced breast carcinoma: Mechanistic, hormonal, and clinical studies

Recent studies suggest that estrogens are the predominant hormones required for the growth of hormonedependent breast cancers in women. Traditional methods of lowering estrogens as treatment of breast cancer involve surgical removal of the ovaries, adrenals, or pituitary. Newer investigative strategies utilize blockade of estrogen action with antiestrogens or inhibition of estrogen synthesis. As reviewed previously, a regimen for pharmacologic suppression of estrogen production was developed which utilizes the aromatase/steroidogenesis inhibitor aminoglutethimide (AG) and replacement hydrocortisone (HC). The current paper updates recent mechanistic, clinical, and hormonal data regarding AG. The preservation of plasma androstenedione levels concomitant with marked estrone and estradiol suppression suggests that AG lowers estrogen production predominantly by blocking aromatization. The mechanism for sustained androstenedione production in the face of suppressed ketosteroids, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids during AG administration was evaluated in dogs fitted with arteriovenous adrenal cannulae. Inhibition of the adrenal secretion of androstenedione with preservation of peripheral plasma levels of this steroid suggests stimulation ofextra-adrenal 3β-ol-dehydrogenase,Δ 5-Δ 4-isomerase activity by AG. Clinical studies revealed a 32% objective response rate to AG/HC in unselected patients and a 52% response in women with estrogen receptor positive tumors. Randomized trials indicated similar response rates to AG/HC vs hypophysectomy (AG/HC 47% vs Hypox 21%,p = NS), surgical adrenalectomy (AG/HC 52% vs surgical adrenalectomy 43%,p = NS) and antiestrogen therapy (AG/HC 36% vs tamoxifen 38%,p = NS). Cross-over data revealed that 50% of 94 patients initially responding to tamoxifen later experienced an objective regression to AG/HC. Only 25% of 93 tamoxifen nonresponders benefited later from AG/HC. Trends indicate that bone metastases may respond better to AG/HC (33%) than to tamoxifen (15%). Use of a computer-based data matrix allowed determination of whether patients escape from AG/HC induced estrogen and androgen suppression at the time of disease relapse. No trends towards escape from estrogen inhibition were apparent. However, in the objective responders to AG/HC, the weak androgens dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and androstenedione appeared to increase prior to disease relapse. DHEA-S but not androstenedione levels remained lower in the objective responders than in nonresponders at all phases of AG/HC therapy. Thus, the estrogens, but not androgens, remain constant during all phases of AG/HC treatment.
Thirteen Colorful Variations on Guthrie's Four-Color Conjecture

(1972). Thirteen Colorful Variations on Guthrie's Four-Color Conjecture. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 2-43.
Jointly Modelling Longitudinal and Survival Data

In many clinical and epidemiologic studies, disease markers are measured periodically and used to monitor progression to the onset of disease. Examples of this are CD4 counts and viral load measures in AIDS and PSA values in prostate cancer. We develop a joint model for analysis of both longitudinal and survival data. We use a longitudinal model for continuous data which incorporates a mean structure dependent on covariates, a random intercept, a correlated stochastic process and measurement error. The model is based on an integrated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (IOU) stochastic process, which is an underlying AR(1) process for the derivatives of the observations. This stochastic process represents a family of covariance structures with a random effects model as one special case and Brownian motion as another. The regression model for the event time data is a time-dependent proportional hazards model, in which the longitudinal marker is a time-dependent variable and includes other covariates as well. An algorithm using Gibbs sampling and Metropolis-Hastings steps is developed for fitting the model. The algorithm requires drawing a value for the IOU stochastic process at every time point for each individual. Judicious choice of parametrisation and prior distributions is needed for an efficient algorithm. The approach is tested in a simulation study and applied to AIDS data.
What does it means to be a critical scholar? A metalogue between science education doctoral students

This manuscript is written in response to Lydia Burke and Jesse Bazzul’s article Locating a space of criticality as new scholars in science education. As doctoral students finding our place in the culture of science education, we respond by discussing our journeys towards the development of a scholarly identity, with particular focus on whether or how we see ourselves as critical scholars. Since each of us authoring this paper has a different perspective, a metalogue format is utilized to ensure all of our voices and journeys are represented. We use the Burke and Bazzul article as a platform for conversations about challenges faced for emerging scholars in the field of science education and explore how we see our role in responding to these challenges. Specifically, we discuss the barriers to publication, dissemination of research to practitioners, and how to approach these problems from a grounding in critical theory. As a result of our conversations, we conclude that there is a need to reshape the field of science education to invite more unorthodox research perspectives, methodologies, and publication formats. To do so, the issues we explore require a continued conversation between emerging scholars, practicing researchers, and practicing educators.
Thermal performance of larval longfin dace (Agosia chrysogaster), with implications for climate change

Temperature is an important factor affecting the distribution of freshwater fishes. The longfin dace (Agosia chrysogaster) is endemic to the Gila River basin of the southwestern USA and northern Mexico and occupies a range of thermal environments from cool mountain tributaries to warm desert rivers but information about its thermal biology is limited, particularly for larvae. We quantified the effect of rearing temperature on survival, growth capacity, and critical thermal maximum (CTM) of larval longfin dace. Broodstocks of longfin dace were collected from two sites in the upper Gila River in New Mexico from which larvae were hatched and reared for 22 days in indoor aquaria at constant temperatures ranging from 18.0 to 31.0 °C. Growth capacity peaked at 27.0 °C and was 21 % greater for larvae hatched from the upstream compared to the downstream broodstock, indicating intraspecific variability in growth capacity. CTM increased with rearing temperature and ranged from 33.9 to 39.9 °C, indicating that thermal acclimation influences maximum thermal tolerance. CTM and acclimation response ratio of larvae are lower than those of adult longfin dace measured in a previous study, suggesting that larvae are more sensitive and less responsive to thermal stress than adults. Water temperatures in 2012 from six sites in the upper Gila River basin did not exceed 27.0 °C and larval growth capacities in May of 2012 ranged from 5 to 28 % of the maximum growth capacity. We assert that rising temperatures may increase larval growth rates, although this will depend on resource limitation and shifts in community interactions.
Quantum Cryptography Revisited

Recall that in the Bennett–Brassard key distribution scheme, after Alice and Bob have obtained bit strings that ideally are supposed to be identical, they have to do some further processing to make sure they end up with strings that really are identical. Our first goal in this chapter is to show how they can do this. As you might expect, we will use error-correcting codes of the sort we have been discussing in the preceding chapter. However, the way we use error-correcting codes in quantum key distribution is not quite the same as in classical communication. Normally, one corrects errors by encoding one's message into special codewords that are sufficiently different from each other that they will still be distinguishable after passing through a noisy channel. But in quantum key distribution the “noise” of the channel might actually be the effect of an eavesdropper who is free to manipulate the signals sent by Alice. Ordinary error correction is not designed for such a setting. So instead of using codewords to encode the original transmission, we wait until all the bits have been sent and then use an error-correcting code after the fact . In this respect error correction in quantum key distribution is similar to the use of an error-correcting code in the “hat problem” discussed at the end of Chapter 4. There also, the error-correcting code is applied only after all the data – in that case the vector of hat colors – has been generated and conveyed to the participants.
Physician’s Perspective

What do we mean by “hybrid”? According to Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1996), hybrid\hy “brid”\, N. {L. hybrida, hibrida, (BIOL.)} is “the offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species.” Some would argue that the interventional cardiologist and the cardiothoracic surgeon are definitely two different species. They think “differently.” They act “differently.” They dress “differently.” They are certainly paid “differently.” As an interventional cardiologist, we are always interested in new treatments, always ready to test and try a new device or technique, and are always self-confident. Our cardiothoracic surgical colleagues usually believe that “if things aren’t broke, don’t try and fix them”; once a surgical technique is mastered, they are reluctant to change it and are even more self-confident.
The effect of cigarette smoking on the oral and nasal microbiota

The goal of the study was to investigate whether cigarette smoking alters oral and nasal microbial diversity, composition, and structure. Twenty-three current smokers and 20 never smokers were recruited. From each subject, nine samples including supra and subgingiva plaque scrapes, saliva, swabs from five soft oral tissue sites, and one nasal swab from both the anterior nares were collected. 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was sequenced for microbial profiles. We found that alpha diversity was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers in the buccal mucosa, but in other sample sites, microbial diversity and composition were not significantly different by smoking status. Microbial profiles differed significantly among eight oral sites. This study investigates the effect of cigarette smoking on different sites of the oral cavity and shows a potential effect of cigarette smoking on the buccal mucosa microbiota. The marked heterogeneity of the oral microbial ecosystem that we found may contribute to the stability of the oral microbiota in most sites when facing environmental perturbations such as that caused by cigarette smoking.
On the use of GMI to compare advanced modulation formats

A variety of advanced modulation formats, including set-partitioning M-QAM, time-hybrid QAM, multi-dimensional formats, geometric- and probabilistic-shaped constellation, are compared by means of GMI metric.
Effect of Knowledge of Self-removability of Intrauterine Contraceptives on Uptake, Continuation, and Satisfaction.

Abstract Objective Preference for control over use is a consideration in choosing a contraceptive method. Counseling women on the possibility of intrauterine device (IUD) self-removal may increase interest in the method. This study tests whether counseling on self-removability as a stated feature of IUDs affects uptake, satisfaction, and continuation. Study Design We monitored clinic-level data on IUD uptake at clinics in Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, and Utah over 6 months. During the first 3 months, counselors provided standard contraceptive counseling. During the second 3 months, they added information about IUD self-removal. Women who initiated IUD use in both periods were recruited and asked to complete baseline and follow up surveys at 3 and 6 months after insertion. Among 361 women who had IUDs inserted during the study, we compared outcomes for women who did and did not receive information about self-removability during contraceptive counseling. We conducted descriptive analyses to test for differences by group and used logistic regression and survival analysis to assess discontinuation. Results There were no differences in IUD uptake, satisfaction, or discontinuation by receipt of self-removal information. Those who did not receive information about self-removal were more likely to report considering discontinuing use of the IUD. One-third of participants who considered discontinuation faced barriers to IUD removal. Knowledge of self-removability before the study was high in both groups, reducing our ability to find group differences. Conclusions Counseling women on the possibility of self-removal may empower women when they face barriers to removal at facilities. More research is needed to understand whether knowledge of self-removal increases uptake and continuation.
Social Determinants of Depression: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

Background: Despite the wealth of literature on social determinants of mental health, less is known about the intersection of these determinants. Using a nationally representative sample, this study aimed to study separate, additive, and multiplicative effects of race, gender, and SES on the risk of major depressive episode (MDE) among American adults. Methods: National Survey of American Life (NSAL) included 3570 African Americans and 891 Whites. Race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES, household income, education, employment, and marital status) were independent variables. Twelve-month MDE was measured by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). A series of logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: In the pooled sample, race and household income, but not gender, education, employment, and marital status were associated with 12-month MDE. Gender interacted with the effects of income on MDE, suggesting that the association between household income and MDE is larger for women than men. In race by gender specific models that controlled for other SES indicators, high income was protective for White women, education was protective for African American women, and high income became a risk factor for African American men. High income did not show a risk effect for African American men in the absence of other SES indicators. Conclusions: Findings suggest that race, gender, and class interact on how SES indicators, such as education or income, become a protective or a risk factor for MDE among American Adults. When the outcome is MDE, White women benefit more from income, African American women gain from education, however, the residual effect of high income (above and beyond education, employment, and marital status) may become a risk factor for African American men.
Authentic Science Learning Contexts

Traditional science teaching usually gives students a false view of how science functions in the real world. If students had an opportunity to see scientists at work they would understand that scientific processes (see scientific process skills) are more complex and more interesting than what is typically shown in school.
Shear-banding and superdiffusivity in entangled polymer solutions.

Using high-resolution confocal rheometry, we study the shear profiles of well-entangled DNA solutions under large-amplitude oscillatory shear in a rectilinear planar shear cell. With increasing Weissenberg number (Wi), we observe successive transitions from normal Newtonian linear shear profiles to wall-slip dominant shear profiles and, finally, to shear-banding profiles at high Wi. To investigate the microscopic origin of the observed shear banding, we study the dynamics of micron-sized tracers embedded in DNA solutions. Surprisingly, tracer particles in the shear frame exhibit transient superdiffusivity and strong dynamic heterogeneity. The probability distribution functions of particle displacements follow a power-law scaling at large displacements, indicating a L\'evy-walk-type motion, reminiscent of tracer dynamics in entangled wormlike micelle solutions and sheared colloidal glasses. We further characterize the length and time scales associated with the abnormal dynamics of tracer particles. We hypothesize that the unusual particle dynamics arise from localized shear-induced chain disentanglement.