cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Free Vibrations of Taut Cable with Attached Damper. I: Linear Viscous Damper

Free vibrations of a taut cable with an attached linear viscous damper are investigated in detail using an analytical formulation of the complex eigenvalue problem. This problem is of considerable practical interest in the context of stay-cable vibration suppression in bridges. An expression for the eigenvalues is derived that is independent of the damper coefficient, giving the range of attainable modal damping ratios and corresponding oscillation frequencies in every mode for a given damper location without approximation. This formulation reveals the importance of damper-induced frequency shifts in characterizing the response of the system. New regimes of behavior are observed when these frequency shifts are large, as is the case in higher modes and for damper locations further from the end of the cable. For a damper located sufficiently near the antinode in a given mode, a regime of solutions is identified for which the damping approaches critical as the damper coefficient approaches a critical value. A regime diagram is developed to indicate the type of behavior in each mode for any given damper location.
Subacute sinusitis in children

The bacteriologic characteristics of subacute maxillary sinusitis have not been delineated in the pediatric age group. Forty children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with respiratory symptoms for at least 30 but less than 120 days were evaluated. Nasal discharge and cough were the most prominent symptoms. Common radiographic findings were diffuse opacification and mucosal thickening. Sinus aspiration was performed on 52 sinuses of 40 children. Bacterial colony counts ≥10 4 colony-forming units per milliliter were found in 30 (58%) of 52 sinus aspirates obtained from 26 (65%) children. The bacterial species most commonly recovered were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae , and Branhamella catarrhalis . Twenty-five percent of the maxillary sinus isolates were β -lactamase producing; however, many of these were recovered from patients who had recently received antimicrobial therapy. Subacute and acute maxiliary sinusitis are similar in regard to causative organism, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings.
Purely elastic interfacial instabilities in superposed flow of polymeric fluids

Purely elastic interfacial stability of superposed plane Poiseuille flow of polymeric liquids has been investigated utilizing both asymptotic and numerical techniques. It is shown that these instabilities are caused by an unfavorable jump in the first normal stress difference across the fluid interface. To determine the significance of these instabilities in finite experimental geometries, a comparison between the maximum growth rates of purely elastic instabilities with instabilities driven primarily by a viscosity or a combined viscosity and elasticity difference is made. Based on this comparison, it is shown that purely elastic interfacial instabilities can play a major role in superposed flow of polymeric liquids in finite experimental geometries.
A Book Catalog at Stanford

Description of a system for the production of a book catalog for an undergraduate library, using an IBM 1401 Computer (12K storage, 4 tape drives), an expanded print chain on the 1403 Printer, and an 029 Card Punch for input. Described are the conversion of cataloging information into machine readable form, the machine record produced, the computer programs employed, and printing of the catalog. The catalog, issued annually, is in three parts: an author & title catalog, a subject catalog, and a shelf list. Cumulative supplements are issued quarterly. A central idea in the depiction of entries in the catalog is the abandonment of the main entry concept. The alphabetical arrangement of entries is discuessed: sort keys employed, filing order observed, symbols employed to alter this order, and problems encountered. Cost factors involved in the preparation of the catalog are summarized.
Effect of reduced fluoride intake by mice on haematocrit values.

MANY attempts to demonstrate the dietary essentiality of fluoride have yielded equivocal results and none of the studies have connected fluoride to a specific metabolic deficiency (refs. 1–5 and personal communication from K. Schwarz). Undoubtedly, these studies have been hampered by the ubiquitous occurrence of fluoride in natural foods and waters with the result that it has been very difficult to prepare a diet devoid of fluoride but nutritionally adequate in all other respects. In the work now reported, we took advantage of the low fluoride contents of milk and cereals to prepare a diet of very low fluoride content compared with that of commonly used rodent foods. Through its use we found that haemopoiesis in mice is markedly disturbed and that addition of fluoride to the intakes of the animals prevented this abnormality.
Another look at the “C” in CBM: Does it really matter if curriculum‐based measurement reading probes are curriculum‐based?

This study investigated differences between two types of reading probe material to monitor students' oral reading fluency over time. Thirty-six second-grade students participated in this study. Twice each week for 5 weeks, participants read two passages from each of two sources. One source was the curriculum in which the child was being instructed at school, and the second source was the “Tests of Reading Fluency,” a set of generic (curriculum-independent) passages. Standardized curriculum-based measurement administration and scoring procedures were used. Level and rate of improvement (slope) of oral reading fluency were the dependent measures. Level and slope data were analyzed using two, two-tailed t-tests. Also, readability of passages was calculated using two readability formulas. Correlational analyses were used to examine the relation between the readability and reading fluency. Correlations among readability and words read correct were not significant. Results of the analyses examining level and slope indicated that students read significantly more words correct in the generic reading passages than in the curriculum-based passages. However, rate of progress was not significantly different. These results suggest that practitioners could use either set of passages to gauge students' reading progress over time. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
ACE Inhibitors Decrease the Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis Following SBRT

these trials were 70 years old and hence the strength of this finding is limited. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of AC in older patients in a Veterans Health Administration cohort. Materials/Methods: The study population consisted of patients diagnosed with NSCLC, stages IB-III between 2001 and 2011, who underwent surgical resection. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on age at diagnosis: <70 years and 70 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics and patterns of AC use, according to the age at diagnosis were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Distributions of receipt of AC, based on age were compared using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model was used to estimate the significance of demographic and clinical characteristics. Overall survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and group comparisons were performed using the log-rank test. All significance tests were 2-sided and P values <.05 were considered statistically significant. Analyses were conducted using SAS, version 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results: The analysis included 7593 patients with stage IB-III NSCLC who underwent resection between 2001 and 2011. These included 4696 patients<70 years of age and 2897 patients 70 years old. The majority of patients were white (83.8%), unmarried (52%) and had stage IB disease (52%). A higher proportion of older patients ( 70 years) were white (87.4% vs 81.5%; P<.0001), married (53.9% vs 44.9%; P<.0001), former smokers (59.2% vs 33%; P<.0001). A greater proportion of older patients had stage IB disease (56.3% vs 49.4%) and correspondingly a lower proportion of stage III (18.6% vs 20.6%; P<.0001). A greater proportion of older patients had a higher Charlson co-morbidity score ( 3) (45% vs 33.2%; P<.0001). The proportion of older patients that received AC was approximately half that of younger patients who did so (15.3% vs 31.6%; P<.0001). Younger patients who received AC had a 21% lower risk of death (HR 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.86), while older patients had a 19% lower risk of death (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.92). Conclusions: Among patients who received AC, older patients derive a similar survival benefit with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy as younger patients, following surgical resection of early stage NSCLC. Adjuvant chemotherapy should not be denied to older patients based on age alone. Author Disclosure: A. Ganti: E. Research Grant; Pfizer, Amgen, ARIAD, NewLink Genetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb. K. Advisory Board; Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka Pharmaceuticals. C. Williams: None. A. Gajra: E. Research Grant; Merck, Celgene. G. Consultant; Helsinn Therapeutics, Celgene. M.J. Kelley: E. Research Grant; Bristol Myers Squibb, Bavarian Nordic, GlaxoSmithKline.
A Direct Analysis of Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Rolling Contact

A novel treatment of a direct procedure for elastic-plastic analysis and shakedown is presented and its application to problems in three-dimensional rolling contact with or without case-hardened layers is demonstrated. The direct approach consists of an operator split technique, which transforms the elastic-plastic problem into a purely elastic problem and a residual problem with prescribed eigenstrains. These eigenstrains are determined using an incremental projection method based on the purely elastic solution and a special representation of the yield condition for a linear-kinematic hardening material. The three-dimensional residual problem is then further split into a plane problem and an anti-plane problem which are readily solved using the finite element method. A significant advantage of the present analysis over the alternative approach of simulating repeated rolling until shakedown occurs is that in the present analysis, the final shakedown solution is obtained directly by solving three elasticity problems. Results are compared with full elastic-plastic finite element calculations available from the literature and good agreement is observed. The effects of surface hardened layers on the distributions of residual stress and displacement are investigated for both two- and three-dimensional contact. The direct approach is shown to be a straightforward and efficient method for obtaining the steady state solution in the analysis of three-dimensional problems in rolling and/or sliding contact
Attention styles of hyperactive and normal girls

Behavioral characteristics and cognitive skills of teacher-identified hyperactive (n=24) and normally active (n=24) first- and second-grade girls were investigated. Teachers rated subjects on the Conners Teacher Rating Scale (TRS). Subjects were given several tasks measuring attentional styles and motor skills. Results suggested that hyperactive girls, like hyperactive boys, have short attention spans and poor concentration when compared with normals. Unlike hyperactive boys, hyperactive girls did not show an impulsive response style, and presented few conduct problems to their teachers. TRS profile patterns of the hyperactive girls were similar to those of hyperactive boys, but cutoff scores currently used for males may not be applicable to females. A direct comparison of hyperactive females and males is advocated.
Retirement and drinking outcomes: Lingering effects of workplace stress? ☆

This study assesses the degree to which sexual harassment (SH), generalized workplace abuse (GWA), and psychological workload (PWL) impact drinking behaviors in retirement. A mail survey was completed at four points in time by a cohort of 1654 employees initially drawn from a university workplace. Questionnaires assessed experiences of SH, GWA, PWL and drinking behaviors. Hypotheses were tested involving (1) the extent to which SH, GWA, and PWL experienced while working were associated with frequency and quantity of drinking in retirement, (2) the extent to which drinking levels of retirees differed from those of current employees experiencing similar stress levels, and (3) the extent to which gender moderated these relationships. Retirees reporting earlier stressful work environments report higher levels of alcohol consumption during retirement compared to those retirees reporting less stressful earlier work environments. Gender moderated these relationships. The findings of this study suggest that there may be a residual effect of workplace stress during retirement.
Studying effect of respiration on total cavopulmonary connection flows using real-time cardiac magnetic resonance

Background Accurate measurement of vessel flows in the Total Cavopulmonary Connection (TCPC) can lead to better estimation of hemodynamics, which has been related to clinical outcomes in single ventricle patients. CMR is usually acquired in breath held conditions; however, respiratory effects can be considerable since the blood is passively routed to the lungs in Fontan patients. Here, we assessed the effect of respiration on caval and aortic flows using real time CMR images.
The Role of School District Science Coordinators in the District-Wide Appropriation of an Online Resource Discovery and Sharing Tool for Teachers

When introducing and implementing a new technology for science teachers within a school district, we must consider not only the end users but also the roles and influence district personnel have on the eventual appropriation of that technology. School districts are, by their nature, complex systems with multiple individuals at different levels in the organization who are involved in supporting and providing instruction. Varying levels of support for new technologies between district coordinators and teachers can sometimes lead to counterintuitive outcomes. In this article, we examine the role of the district science coordinator in five school districts that participated in the implementation of an online resource discovery and sharing tool for Earth science teachers. Using a qualitative approach, we conducted and coded interviews with district coordinators and teachers to examine the varied responsibilities associated with the district coordinator and to infer the relationships that were developed and perceived by teachers. We then examine and discuss two cases that illustrate how those relationships could have influenced how the tool was adopted and used to differing degrees in the two districts. Specifically, the district that had high support for online resource use from its coordinator appeared to have the lowest level of tool use, and the district with much less visible support from its coordinator had the highest level of tool use. We explain this difference in terms of how the coordinator’s promotion of teacher autonomy took distinctly different forms at those two districts.
The Equivalence of Maximum Likelihood and Weighted Least Squares Estimates in the Exponential Family

Abstract In this article it is shown that weighted least squares estimators for the coefficients of a multiple regression model are the same as the maximum likelihood estimators when the dependent observations are from a member of the regular exponential class of distributions.
A low cost outdoor assistive navigation system for blind people

With over 39 million visually impaired people worldwide, the need for an assistive device that allows the blind user navigate freely is crucial. We have developed an off-line navigation device that uses 3-D sounds to provide navigation instructions to the user. Our device relays directional information to the user through special Audio Bone headphones, which use bone conduction technology. Sounds are recorded and can therefore be selected by the blind user. Navigation processing is handled by a Raspberry Pi. We are using a magnetic compass and gyroscope to calculate the direction that the user is facing. Route queries of the destination address are geocoded using the Geo-Coder-US module and passed to the MoNav module to generate a pedestrian route. Additional capabilities of the device include speech recognition and voice prompts for obtaining the user's desired destination address. The user can input the address b y speaking into a microphone. The entire system is mounted to a pack that sits on the user's waist. It is very light and portable and it does not impede any of the user's senses while it is being used.
Angiography of posttraumatic impotence

Of 135 patients who underwent penile angiography at our institution, impotence was related to noniatrogenic trauma in 16. Impotence developed immediately following an isolated traumatic event in 14 patients, and months or years after repeated blunt perineal trauma in 2. Invasive vascular assessment facilitated diagnosis in all patients. Although the mechanism of trauma varied greatly, most patients had vasculogenic (arteriogenic or venogenic) impotence. Complete vascular assessment required selective magnification pharmacoarteriography in multiple projections, pharmacocavernosography, and pharmacocavernosometry. Therapeutic choices were based largely on the angiographic findings, and included venous ligation, arterial bypass or angioplasty, self-injection of papaverine, or insertion of a prosthesis.
Stability of the icosahedral phase in Mn-Ti alloys

Etude par analyse thermique differentielle et par microscopie electronique en transmission de la cristallisation de la phase icosaedrique.Cette phase se transforme entre 1100 et 1350 K en au moins deux phases cristallines:l'une est non identifiee,l'autre est rhomboedrique.Aucune de ces phases n'est presente dans le diagramme de phase Mn-Ti.
Extraction of Structure and Content from the Edgar Database: A Template-Based Approach

This paper presents a template‐based approach to extract data from the EDGAR database. A set of heuristic‐based templates is used to configure the trainable system in order to have one type of EDGAR filings processed in a single configuration. Such configurability is highly desirable as it adds expendability and flexibility to this system. The template‐based approach also enables the system to extract both structural information and content from the filings in the EDGAR database. The ability to extract structural information from a section or a complete filing makes it possible to collect data from real‐world documents for users of financial data in both academia and industry. We use the income statement section of 10‐K filings to illustrate the system and the utilization of the template‐based approach.
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT MANAGEMENT OF SHOULDER DYSTOCIA

Abstract Background Precipitous obstetric deliveries can occur outside of the labor and delivery suite, often in the emergency department (ED). Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency with significant risk of adverse outcome. Objective To review multiple techniques for managing a shoulder dystocia in the ED. Discussion We review various techniques and approaches for achieving delivery in the setting of shoulder dystocia. These include common maneuvers, controversial interventions, and interventions of last resort. Conclusions Emergency physicians should be familiar with multiple techniques for managing a shoulder dystocia to reduce the chances of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality.
Rapid and Label-Free Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarker CA15-3 in Clinical Human Serum Samples with Optofluidic Ring Resonator Sensors

Sensitive and specific detection of breast cancer biomarker CA15-3 in human serum is an important step toward successful evaluation of clinical treatment and prediction of breast cancer recurrence. In this work, we developed an optofluidic ring resonator (OFRR) sensor and the corresponding sensing protocols for label-free CA15-3 detection without any additional signal amplification steps. Nonspecific serum protein adsorption was minimized with effective surface blocking methods. The sensor performance for CA15-3 detection was first characterized in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer and in fetal calf serum. Then the potential use of the OFRR as a simple clinical laboratory testing device for breast cancer diagnostics was tested by measuring the CA15-3 level in clinical human serum samples, and the results were compared with those of standard clinical lab tests. It was found that the OFRR was capable of detecting approximately 1 unit/mL CA15-3 in both PBS buffer and diluted serum within approximately 3...
INHIBITION OF ADRENAL CORTICOSTEROID RELEASE BY BRAIN STEM STIMULATION IN CATS1

Facilitatory and inhibitory components of the nervous system have been postulated for the regulation of ACTH. Some of these have been activated in the present study by electrical stimulation in two brain stem areas in cats prepared as encephale isoles. 30 second stimulation in the ventral midbrain teg-mentum evoked a specific and rapid decrease in adrenal effluent corticosteroids of 7 cats; stimulation in the posterior diencephalon in 17 cats was followed by an increase, a decrease or no significant change in corticosteroid levels. An interrelationship between midbrain and diencephalic areas concerned with the regulation of ACTH release appears evident on the basis of reversals in corti-costeroid levels in response to combined stimulation. That the inhibitory and facilitatory effects on corticosteroid release are neurological in origin rather than due to alteration of peripheral mechanisms seems evident on the basis of the rapidity of response and the lack of correlation with blood pressure changes.
Theoretical analysis of unconstrained nonlinear model predictive control

Model predictive control (MPC) is a well-established controller design strategy for linear process models. Because many chemical and biological processes exhibit significant nonlinear behaviour, several MPC techniques based on nonlinear process models have recently been proposed. The most significant difference between these techniques is the computational approach used to solve the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) optimization problem. Consequently, analysis of NMPC techniques is often connected to the computational approach employed. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of unconstrained NMPC is presented that is independent of the computational approach. A nonlinear discrete-time, state-space model is used to predict the effects of future inputs on future process outputs. It is shown that model inverse, pole-placement, and steady-state controllers can be obtained by suitable selection of the control and prediction horizons. Moreover, the NMPC optimization problem can be modified to yield nonli...
Crystallization of Transmembrane Proteins in cubo: Mechanisms of Crystal Growth and Defect Formation

Crystallization of membrane proteins is a major stumbling block en route to elucidating their structure and understanding their function. The novel concept of membrane protein crystallization from lipidic cubic phases, "in cubo", has yielded well-ordered crystals and high-resolution structures of several membrane proteins, yet progress has been slow due to the lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein transport, crystal nucleation, growth, and defect formation in cubo. Here, we examine at molecular and mesoscopic resolution with atomic force microscopy the morphology of in cubo grown bacteriorhodopsin crystals in inert buffers and during etching by detergent. The results reveal that crystal nucleation occurs following local rearrangement of the highly curved lipidic cubic phase into a lamellar structure, which is akin to that of the native membrane. Crystals grow within the bulk cubic phase surrounded by such lamellar structures, whereby transport towards a growing crystalline layer is constrained to within an individual lamella. This mechanism leads to lack of dislocations, generation of new crystalline layers at numerous locations, and to voids and block boundaries. The characteristic macroscopic lengthscale of these defects suggests that the crystals grow by attachment of single molecules to the nuclei. These insights into the mechanisms of nucleation, growth and transport in cubo provide guidance en route to a rational design of membrane protein crystallization, and promise to further advance the field.
Design and performance of foul-resistant poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes prepared in a single-step by surface segregation

Immersion precipitated membranes with enhanced fouling resistance are prepared from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and a free-radically synthesized amphiphilic comb polymer having a methacrylate backbone and poly(ethylene oxide) side chains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates substantial surface segregation of the comb polymer during membrane coagulation, providing an integrated near-surface coverage of up to 50 vol.% comb for a membrane containing 10 wt.% (14.6 vol.%). The surface coverage increases with comb molecular weight, providing hydrophilic surfaces with excellent stability and substantiating a proposed mechanism for surface localization. Separation surface porosities for comb-modified membranes are up to an order of magnitude higher than PVDF controls. With the combined benefits of fouling resistance and increased porosity, a membrane containing 10 wt.% comb is over 20 times as permeable as a PVDF-only membrane with equivalent separation characteristics after 3 h of filtration of a foulant protein solution.
Block-crossed arrays with applications to robust design

Abstract In this paper we develop a class of two-level designs that allow orthogonal estimation of certain main effects and two-factor interactions when other main effects and two-factor interactions are present but not of interest. The designs can be easily generated using block-crossed arrays. The application is clearly to settings in which one might apply either Taguchi’s crossed arrays or single-array designs suggested by many people as a better alternative to Taguchi’s methods. Our designs have certain properties, the most important being the flexibility and a reduction, in many cases, in the number of runs over both Taguchi’s designs and single orthogonal arrays.
Optimal filtering of the LISA data

The LISA time-delay-interferometry responses to a gravitational wave signal are rewritten in a form that accounts for the motion of the LISA constellation around the Sun; the responses are given in closed analytic forms valid for any frequency in the band accessible to LISA. We then present a complete procedure, based on the principle of maximum likelihood, to search for stellar-mass binary systems in the LISA data. We define the required optimal filters, the amplitude-maximized detection statistic (analogous to the Ƒ statistic used in pulsar searches with ground-based interferometers), and discuss the false-alarm and detection probabilities. We then test the procedure in numerical simulations of gravitational-wave detection.
Components of high-level vision : a cognitive neuroscience analysis and accounts of neurological syndromes

Neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and computational constraints are used to motivate a set of hypotheses about the functional organization of high-level vision. A set of processing subsystems is posited that underlies the later stages of visual object recognition and identification; these subsystems have been implemented in a running computer simulation model. The model is damaged in a variety of ways, and its performance on a set of tasks is observed. Dysfunctions arise from disruptions of the subsystems, disruptions of their interconnections, compensations by intact subsystems, and diminished activational capacity. The most common dysfunctions of high-level vision following brain damage are then reviewed, and accounts are offered by reference to the stimulation model. According to the theory and model, each type of dysfunction can arise from numerous underlying causes, all of which are potentially distinguishable by empirical methods.
Digital Image Processing In The Diagnosis Of Glaucoma And Ocular Disease

Photography of the retina has long been accepted by ophthalmologists as a method of recording and detecting tissue change for early diagnosis of ocular disease. Although much can be learned by photographs, information in image form can and is lost by an observer. By digitizing the image, using a microdensitometer and minicomputer, photographs can be converted to data which can be machine handled for small changes that the observer can not detect in photographic image form. An advantage of digital analysis of data over direct observational methods is that a great many more patients can be measured, for screening purposes, in much less time and without the costly services of an ophthalmologist. This paper presents a technique which develops the above approach in application to early diagnosis of glaucoma. It makes use of magnified photographic images of the optic nerve head and transforms these images into distributions of density. Measured shifts in the peaks of these distributions become sensitive measures of changing tissue structure in the optic nerve itself and consequently in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.
Aggregation patterns of Bemisia tabaci in response to insecticide applications

We measured the effect of insecticide applications on the distribution patterns of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in fields of cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., in Yuma, Arizona. Whitefly infestations were measured by counts of adults, eggs, first to mid/fourth instars, and late-fourth instars (‘red-eyed’) nymphs. Adults were sampled from the entire leaf, and immature stages were counted in a 1-cm2 area of a leaf. The indices b (Power Law), β (Patchiness regression) and Id (Morisita) indicated that all life stages were aggregated, but results for the three indices were not similar for determining the relative aggregation levels between treatments. In general, indices β and Id indicated higher aggregation in insecticide-treated fields, whereas b had mixed results. The Morisita index was sensitive to a few unusually high means among a series of low densities in the treatment plots, what could be attributed to refuges due to failure in the insecticide applications. Despite the usefulness of the Power Law and the Patchiness regression for describing the relationship between spatial or temporal variability and mean densities, we suggest that Id is more appropriate for expression of spatial distribution because it is based on a precise definition of aggregation.
Thermoregulated expression of a cloned congo red binding activity gene of Shigella flexneri

Abstract A 2.15-kb Pst I fragment of the 140-megadalton (MDa) plasmid of Shigella flexneri which encodes Congo red (CR) dye binding activity was isolated by recombinant techniques. The recombinant plasmid was shown to encode the structural gene for CR binding but failed to restore the ability of noninvasive strains to penetrate HeLa cell monolayers. A partial restriction map was constructed and polypeptides specified by the 140-MDa insert DNA identified in a minicell system. The putative polypeptide responsible for CR binding activity was identified by its thermoregulated expression in minicells. The M r of the putative CR binding protein was 24000.
The involvement of carnitine intermediates in peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation: a study with 2-bromofatty acids.

Abstract Metabolism-dependent inactivators of 3-ketothiolase I and carnitine acyltransferase I (CAT I) have been used to study the oxidation of fatty acids in intact hepatocytes. 2-Bromooctanoate inactivates mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketothiolases I in a time-dependent manner. During the first 5 min of incubation, inactivation of 3-ketothiolase in mitochondria is five times faster than its inactivation in peroxisomes. Almost complete inactivation of 3-ketothiolase I in both types of organelle is achieved after incubation with 1 m m 2-bromooctanoate for 40 min. The inactivation is not affected by preincubating hepatocytes with 20 μ m tetradecylglycidate (TDGA), an inactivator of CAT I, under conditions which cause >95% inactivation of CAT I. 2-Bromododecanoate (1 m m ) causes 60% inactivation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketothiolases I in 40 min. These inactivations are greatly reduced by preincubating hepatocytes with 20 μ m TDGA, demonstrating that 2-bromododecanoate enters both mitochondria and peroxisomes via its carnitine ester. 2-Bromopalmitate (1 m m ) causes less than 5% inactivation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketothiolases I in 40 min, but causes 95% inactivation of CAT I during this time. Incubation of hepatocytes with 10–200 μ m 2-bromopalmitoyl- l -carnitine causes inactivation of mitochondrial and peroxisomal 3-ketothiolases I at similar rates. This inactivation is decreased by palmitoyl- d -carnitine during the first 5 min of incubation. Pretreating hepatocytes with 20 μ m TDGA does not affect the inactivation of mitochondrial or peroxisomal 3-ketothiolase I by 2-bromopalmitoyl- l -carnitine. These results demonstrate that in intact hepatocytes, peroxisomes oxidize fatty acids of medium-chain length by a carnitine-independent mechanism, whereas they oxidize long-chain fatty acids by a carnitine-dependent mechanism.
The chronic toxicity of fenoxycarb to larvae of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio

Abstract This study examined effects of fenoxycarb, a carbamate insecticide, on larvae of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio. In laboratory experiments, grass shrimp larvae were exposed to fenoxycarb from hatch to postlarval metamorphosis in a chronic, static renewal bio assay. LC50's ranged from 0.92 mg/L at 96 h to 0.35 mg/L at the end of the study (24 days). In assessing sublethal effects of fenoxycarb, postlarval emergence was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in exposed grass shrimp as compared with controls, and the time to reach postlarval status was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in exposed grass shrimp. Significant differences were not found in other sublethal parameters including postlarval dry weight and intermolt duration. Analysis of fenoxycarb from spiked seawater samples showed concentrations declined by 32 to 42% after 24 h.
Modeling of Activity Coefficients of Aqueous Solutions of Quaternary Ammonium Salts with the Electrolyte-NRTL Equation

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied recently as potential “green” solvents because of their negligible vapor pressure. Modeling the phase behavior of such liquids with water and organic solvents and their partitioning between aqueous and organic phases is vital for an evaluation of their many potential uses. Unfortunately, phase behavior data for the popular imidazolium and pyridinium salts are still somewhat limited. However, a wealth of data exists for aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium salts, a class of compounds that includes potentially interesting ILs. Therefore, as a first step toward modeling the phase behavior of IL solutions, we show how a conventional electrolyte model, the electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model proposed by Chen et al. (AIChE J. 1982, 28, 588), can be applied to model activity coefficients of quaternary ammonium salts in water. This model requires two parameters per salt that must be fit to the experimental data. Particular attention is paid to computing these bi...
Type-II GaAsSb/InP DHBTs with Record f T = 670 GHz and Simultaneous f T , f MAX ≫ 400 GHz

Type-II GaAsSb/InP double-HBTs (DHBTs) with a 20 nm base and 60 nm collector exhibit record transistor performance with f T = 670 GHz and off-state collector-emitter breakdown voltage of 3.2 V. Similar devices with a 30 nm base and 100 nm collector achieve simultaneous fi = 480 GHz and f MAX = 420 GHZ with 4.3 V breakdown voltage.
Evaluation of Cognitive Interviewing Techniques: Do the Results Generalize to the Field?

Evaluation des techniques d'entretien cognitif: Est-ce que les resultats sont generalisables sur le terrain? Les techniques d'entretien cognitif sont assez repandues dans le pre-test des questionnaires d'enquete. Mais jusqu'a aujourd'hul il n'y a eu que peu d'evaluation de l'apport de ces techniques. Cet article fait une analyse critique des demonstrations de validite des methodes d'entretien cognitif et suggere que les chercheurs verifient le degre dont ces resultats de pre-test sont applicables au travail sur le terrain pour les enquetes. Pour demontrer ces propos. l'auteur etudie cinq questions d'enquete testees en laboratoire cognitif. Sur la base de ces resultats de pre-test, des previsions ont ete faites concernant l'impact des modifications de questions sur les donnees qui devaient etre obtenues sur le terrain. Trois tests a questionnaires jumeaux ("split-ballot") des differentes versions des questions ont ete conduits. et on a trouve que les previsions des tests cognitifs ont ete respectees. Ces r...
Syllabic pitch perception in 2- to 3-month-old infants

The pitch patterns present in speech addressed to infants may play an important role in perceptual processing by infants. In this study, the high-amplitude sucking procedure was used to assess discrimination by 2- to 3-month-old infants of rising versus falling pitch patterns in 400-msec synthetic [ra] and [la] tokens. The syllables’ intonation contour was modeled on infant-directed speech, and covered a range characteristic of an adult female speaker (180–300 Hz). Group data indicated that the 2- to 3-month-old infants discriminated the pitch contour for both stimuli. Results are discussed with reference to previous studies of syllabic pitch perception.
Spontaneous Recovery from Aphasia

The language and intellectual functions of 11 “recent” aphasics were investigated. Spontaneous recovery was evident in both functions. Although the severity of the subjects' aphasia lessened sponta...
Methylmercury in Mosquitoes Related to Atmospheric Mercury Deposition and Contamination

A connection between loadings of inorganic Hg, especially from the atmosphere, and accumulation of methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic biota has not been firmly established. Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) may be a useful indictor of Hg contamination or MeHg accumulation in aquatic ecosystems because they have aquatic life stages, and their ubiquitous distribution permits sampling across wide ranges of climate, biological productivity, and atmospheric Hg deposition. We examined MeHg in adult mosquitoes from subtropical (Florida), maritime (California), continental (Michigan), and arctic (Alaska) regions of North America that span a range in wet atmospheric Hg deposition (1.5−15 μg m-2 y-1). More than 90% of the Hg in mosquitoes was MeHg, and concentrations varied among locations. Levels of MeHg differed among mosquito species at six sites in northwest Florida (Ochlerotatus atlanticus < Culex nigripalpus < Anopheles crucians); this may be related to differences in biogeochemical characteristics of the aquatic...
Ovarian metastases of pancreaticobiliary tract adenocarcinomas: analysis of 35 cases, with emphasis on the ability of metastases to simulate primary ovarian mucinous tumors

Metastatic mucinous carcinomas in the ovary are readily recognized when they show characteristic features, including bilateral involvement, only moderate tumor size, surface and superficial cortical involvement, nodular growth, and an infiltrative pattern. However, it is well established that some metastatic mucinous carcinomas can simulate primary ovarian mucinous tumors grossly and microscopically. Metastatic pancreaticobiliary tract adenocarcinomas present a particular diagnostic challenge due to their ability to exhibit borderline-like and cystadenomatous growth patterns, which can be misinterpreted as underlying primary ovarian precursor tumors and can be erroneously used to support interpretation of the carcinomatous components as arising from these purported precursors within the ovary. Thirty-five cases of metastatic pancreaticobiliary tract adenocarcinomas were analyzed. The mean patient age was 58 years (median, 59 y; range, 33 to 78 y). In 15 cases (43%), the pancreaticobiliary tract and ovarian tumors presented synchronously and in 2 cases (6%) the ovarian tumors presented earlier as the first manifestation of the disease. Ovarian tumors were bilateral in 31 cases (89%). Mean and median tumor sizes were 10.6 and 9.5 cm, respectively (range, 2.5 to 21.0 cm). Nodularity was present in 22 cases (63%) and surface involvement was identified in 14 cases (40%). An infiltrative growth pattern was present at least focally in 28 cases (80%), accompanied by borderline-like and/or cystadenomatous areas in 17 (49%) cases and as the exclusive pattern in 11 cases (31%). Conversely, borderline-like and cystadenomatous patterns were identified in 24 cases (69%) and as the exclusive patterns (either pure or combined with one another) in 7 cases (20%). Dpc4 expression was lost in 20 of 33 tumors analyzed (61%). Of 25 patients with follow-up, 23 patients had died of disease (mean/median time, 9/6 mo; range, 1 to 39) and 2 patients were alive with disease (at 1 and 25 mo). Frequent bilateral ovarian involvement, moderate tumor size, nodularity, and infiltrative patterns are useful features for identifying these ovarian tumors as metastatic. However, many tumors exhibit borderline-like and cystadenomatous patterns that, when dominant and combined with synchronous presentation, make recognition as metastases an ongoing challenge. Loss of Dpc4 expression provides the most useful immunohistochemical evidence for establishing the pancreaticobiliary tract as the most likely source of these metastatic mucinous carcinomas in the ovary.
Luther Gulick on Frederick Taylor and scientific management

Contains a brief personal reminiscence about Frederick Taylor, as Luther Gulick (1892‐1993), often known as the dean of US public administration, knew him during the last year (1914‐1915) of Taylor′s life. Examines Gulick′s 1931 introductory remarks, on “Public administration, a field in urgent need of scientific management”, before a session of the annual meeting of the US Taylor Society in New York City.
Most-suitable nonuniformity correction method for PtSi SBD detector

Currently, there are several kinds of infrared imaging system with 2D detector using PtSi, InSb, MCT and any others in the commercial market. The infrared imaging system with 2D detector is generally required to correct non-uniformity of response of each pixel in order to display satisfactory infrared images. This non-uniformity correction is normally performed digitally after an ADC. Furthermore, this operation should be finished within a field time, therefore it must work correspondingly fast. PtSi detector has non- linear Input/Output characteristics because of their spectral response characteristics. Therefore, two point gain/offset correction is not suitable for non-linear characteristics detector. This paper reports on three alternate methods for non-uniformity correction for PtSi detector. These methods are actually tested and then the uniformity performances after these corrections are measured. The standard deviation of the residual fixed pattern noise is used to evaluate the performance of non- uniformity correction.
Surface glycoprotein PSA (GP46) expression during short- and long-term culture of Leishmania chagasi

The mRNAs encoding promastigote surface antigen (PSA) of Leishmania chagasi have previously been shown to increase about 30-fold as in vitro cultured parasites progress from logarithmic to stationary phase, growth phases that are, respectively associated with parasites having low and high infectivity to mammals. Experiments reported here establish by western blot analysis that PSA proteins of 44 and 66 kDa also increase about 30-fold as parasite cultures reach stationary phase. Serial passage of parasite cultures resulted in a progressive reduction in PSA protein and RNA abundance to levels less than 3% that of cultures newly-initiated with parasites derived from a parasitized rodent. Loss of PSA mRNA abundance in serially passaged cells was not due to reduced PSA gene transcription rates, as determined by nuclear run-on assays. Neither was the loss associated with a marked decrease in PSA mRNA stability. Analysis of PSA RNA stability in the presence of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription elongation, failed to detect a difference in fully processed cytosolic PSA mRNA stability regardless of the number of times a culture was passaged or the growth phase of the culture. Based on the lack of detectable difference in (cytosolic) mature PSA mRNA stability during promastigote development, the data indirectly suggest that the regulated expression of PSA in cells from low-passage cultures and the loss of PSA expression in high-passage cultures may be mediated by nuclear events that occur after transcription of the PSA genes and before arrival of the mature mRNAs in the cytoplasm.
Membrane electrical properties of fast- and slow-twitch muscles from rats with experimental hyperthyroidism.

Abstract Male rats were made hyperthyroid by daily injections by Na-3,3′,5′-triiodo- l -thyronine (T3). Twenty-four hours after the 10th injection, the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (extensor) and the slow-twitch soleus muscles were excised from anesthetized rats. Electrical properties of single muscle fibers were evaluated with intracellular microelectrode techniques. Experimental hyperthyroidism reduced the resting membrane potential (RMP) of the extensor to −68.5 mV from the control value of −78.9 mV. In contrast, the RMP of the ipsilateral soleus remained unaltered. The frequency of miniature end-plate potentials was equivalent to control for both muscles from hyperthyroid rats, suggesting that the polarity of the motor nerve terminal was not changed. Because denervation on the 4th day of injection prevented the depolarizing action of T3, the effects of experimental hyperthyroidism and denervation on various electrical properties of the sarcolemma were compared. Ouabain caused a 10- to 12-mV decrease of RMP for the extensor and soleus muscles from control rats as well as those receiving T3. In contrast, the RMP of denervated muscle was insensitive to ouabain. Specific membrane resistance (Rm) was slightly reduced by T3, whereas denervation caused a two- to three-fold increase of Rm. The threshold and rate of rise of action potentials ( dV dt ) recorded in the control extensor were −58.2 mV and 575 V/s, respectively. The corresponding values for the soleus, −54.0 mV and 452 V/s, were significantly different. Denervation caused an overall depression of the action potential and abolished these differences as well as decreased the overshoot of the action potentials in both muscles. Experimental hyperthyroidism had no effect on the overshoot of the action potential in either muscle. However, T3 did produce alterations in dV dt and threshold of action potentials recorded in the extensor muscle. We suggest that the effects of hyperthyroidism on the RMP and action potential of muscle are not due to changes in the electrogenic pumping capacity or specific membrane resistance of the sarcolemma and that nerves can regulate the sensitivity of muscle to thyroid hormones.