cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of glass based packings as a support in chromatography

Abstract The preparation and properties of glass beads as a support for gas-liquid chromatography was studied. A comparison between diatomaceous earth type supports and glass beads was made in terms of activity to polar components. The procedure originally suggested by Grob was used to determine specific solute-surface interactions. We unexpectedly found it difficult to deactive glass beads by conventional means. This is possibly due to the large number of silanol groups remaining on the surface of the support after deactivation. Several methods of deactivation were evaluated.
Compartmental models with uncertain flow rates

Abstract It is often extremely difficult to obtain precise values for the flow rates in compartmental models. Hence, in this paper it is assumed that the rate coefficients lie within known intervals, though they may fluctuate in time. A method is given to compute upper and lower bounds at any time t for the concentration xi(t) in each compartment of any system whose coefficients remain in the given intervals. The bounds computed are best possible, since there is some such system with xi(t) equal to the bound.
Piloting changes to changing aircraft dynamics: What do pilots need to know?

An experiment was conducted to quantify the effects of changing dynamics on a subject's ability to track a signal in order to eventually model a pilot adapting to changing aircraft dynamics. The data will be used to identify primary aircraft dynamics variables that influence changes in pilot's response and produce a simplified pilot model that incorporates this relationship. Each run incorporated a different set of second-order aircraft dynamics representing short period transfer function pitch attitude response: damping ratio, frequency, gain, zero location, and time delay. The subject's ability to conduct the tracking task was the greatest source of root mean square error tracking variability. As for the aircraft dynamics, the factors that affected the subjects' ability to conduct the tracking were the time delay, frequency, and zero location. In addition to creating a simplified pilot model, the results of the experiment can be utilized in an advisory capacity. A situation awareness/prediction aid based on the pilot behavior and aircraft dynamics may help tailor pilot's inputs more quickly so that PIO or an upset condition can be avoided.
Condominium Covenants: Cats, Yes; Dogs, No

Abstract There are numerous Covenants that reduce an individual owner′s bundle of rights in that owner′s real property. For example, in residential condominium complexes such covenants might include prohibitions against leasing, children, and/or pets. It might be expected that such covenants would have a negative impact on the values of the condo units. However, reducing one owner′s bundle of rights may reduce negative externalities flowing to other owners who consider the restricted activity to be a nuisance. Therefore, determining the net effect on value should be the objective. The purpose of this paper is to present a theory of covenants and to provide empirical evidence on the impact of such covenants on value. For a sub-market of condo complexes just north of downtown Chicago, the only covenant found to vary was the covenant on pets. The theoretical and empirical sections are both presented, then, in the context of pet covenants. The theory suggests that the optimal pet covenant will allow some level of pet ownership, but not as high a level as would be needed to achieve a stable equilibrium in the absence of negotiations among owners. The empirical evidence supports the theory and specifically suggests that a pet covenant that allows only cats is preferred over a covenant that forbids all pet ownership or any covenant that permits dogs.
The five favored backbone conformations of n -Si 4 Et 10 : cisoid , gauche , ortho , deviant , and transoid

Abstract Low-energy conformations of n-Si4Et10 (1) and a few simpler models (2–8) have been examined by geometry optimization at the HF/6-31G∗ level, and MP2/6-31G∗ single-point energies have been obtained. Five clans of favored backbone conformations of 1, with SiSiSiSi dihedral angles of ∼±40° (C±, cisoid), ∼±60° (G±, gauche), ∼±90° (O±, ortho), ∼±145° (D±, deviant), and ∼±165° (T±, transoid), have been identified. Each contains numerous families characterized by terminal group Et3Si conformations, with ag+g+ and ag+g− particularly advantageous. Each family contains a large number of conformers differing by internal Et2Si conformations, with g±g±/g±g± and ag±/ag± usually energetically the lowest. A simple rationalization is provided for the existence of the C± and D± conformations which do not occur in the permethylated oligosilanes, and implications for the conformational analysis of peralkylated polysilanes are noted.
Brecht's American Exile and His Return to Europe: Experiences of an Incurable Dialectician

Brecht, the master of the aesthetic technique of “Verfremdung,” who once had admired America as a model of modernity, became after his arrival in Los Angeles in 1941 one of the sharpest critics of American society and the American way of life, as his autobiographical writings document. The essay describes Brecht's difficult existence in America, his problems as a playwright and a poet, as he saw them, and his political involvement in the Council for a Democratic Germany. Like many exiles, Brecht was suspected early on to have been and still be a supporter of the Communist Party and was therefore observed by the FBI. However, when he returned to Europe he encountered, to his chagrin, similar problems and difficulties, be it in Switzerland, Austria, West Germany, and even in the former GDR, where he finally settled and received his own theater. No wonder that Brecht, the incurable dialectician, began to view again his once-denounced American experience in a more positive light.
Altered small intestinal absorptive enzyme activities in leptin-deficient obese mice: influence of bowel resection

Abstract Background Residual bowel increases absorption after massive small bowel resection. Leptin affects intestinal adaptation, carbohydrate, peptide, and lipid handling. Sucrase, peptidase, and acyl coenzyme A:monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) are involved in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid absorption. We hypothesized that leptin-deficient obese mice would have altered absorptive enzymes compared with controls before and after small bowel resection. Methods Sucrase, peptidase (aminopeptidase N [ApN], dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPPIV]), and MGAT activities were determined from lean control (C57BL/6J, n = 16) and leptin-deficient (Lepob, n = 16) mice small bowel before and after 50% resection. Results Ileal sucrase activity was greater in obese mice before and after resection. Jejunal ApN and DPPIV activities were lower for obese mice before resection; ileal ApN activity was unaltered after resection for both strains. Resection increased DPPIV activity in both strains. Jejunal MGAT in obese mice decreased postresection. In both strains, ileal MGAT activity decreased after resection, and obese mice had greater activity in remnant ileum. Conclusions After small bowel resection, leptin-deficient mice have increased sucrase activity and diminished ileal ApN, DPPIV, and MGAT activity compared with controls. Therefore, we conclude that leptin deficiency alters intestinal enzyme activity in unresected animals and after small bowel resection. Altered handling of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid may contribute to obesity and diabetes in leptin-deficient mice.
Stresses in a viscoelastic fluid in coverging and diverging flow

Stress in viscoelastic polystyrene in Aroclor flowing in straight, converging and diverging channels
A cumulative index for the Journal of Geophysical Research (1959–1965)

A cumulative index to the last seven years of the Journal of Geophysical Research (1959–1965) should be available by June 1966. This cumulative index will be of the new keyword-in-context (KWIC) format. The index is derived from the words that occur in the title. Any word in the title for which a listing in the index is not desired is said to be a ‘stop word’ A listing in the index will occur under every one of the other words in the title; such a word is said to be a ‘keyword.’ For an example, consider a paper which appeared in the Journal of Geophysical Research, 64, 457–460, 1959. The author is E. E. Glover, and the title is ‘The Pattern of Fresh-Water Flow in a Coastal Aquifer.’
Phototoxicity induced by nalidixic and oxolinic acids: Decrease in cell survival of chick embryo fibroblasts and Hep-2 cells

The phototoxic effects of nalidixic and oxolinic acids were evaluated in two types of cultured cells: chick embryo fibroblast and Hep-2 (human laryngo carcinoma cell line). In order to evaluate the phototoxicity induced by nalidixic and oxolinic acids, both cell types were irradiated for 5 min in the presence of each drug. The results showed an inverse relationship between cell survival and the concentration of the drug added to the culture medium. The concentrations of nalidixic and oxolinic acids necessary to induce a phototoxic effect were in the range of therapeutic blood levels. Both chick embryo fibroblasts and Hep-2 cells were more sensitive to the phototoxic effect induced by nalidixic acid than oxolinic acid.
Radiation produced avoidance to morphine

The effects of two concentrations of morphine solution (CS) upon a conditioned avoidance response were investigated with X-radiation as the UCS. The effects of avoidance conditioning were measured by changes in preference for morphine solution and tapwater. Both groups displayed an immediate and statistically significant drop in morphine preference. The results indicated that a physiological dependency could be modified by avoidance conditioning techniques in the rat.
Determination of a thermally labile metabolite of a novel growth hormone secretagogue in human and dog plasma by liquid chromatography with ion spray tandem mass spectrometric detection.

A sensitive and selective assay for the determination of N-{1(R)-[(1,2-dihydro-1-methylsulfonylspiro[3H-indole-3,4′-piperidin]-1′-yl)carbonyl]-2-(phenylmethoxy)-ethyl}-2-hydroxyamino-2-methylpropanamide (I), a hydroxyl amine metabolite of a novel growth hormone secretagouge (II) has been developed utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with ion spray tandem mass spectrometric detection (HPLC–MS–MS). The analyte and an internal standard (III) were isolated from the basified biological matrix using a liquid–liquid extraction with methyl tert.-butyl ether (MTBE). The organic extract was evaporated to dryness at room temperature. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and injected into the HPLC–MS–MS system. Multiple reaction monitoring using the precursor→product ion combinations of m/z 545→267 and 543 →267 was used to quantify I and III, respectively, after chromatographic separation under isocratic conditions. The assay was validated in the concentration range of 0.5 to 500 ng/0.1 ml in both human and dog plasma. The precision of the assay, expressed as relative standard deviation, was less than 10% over the entire concentration range with the exception of the low concentration of 0.5 ng/0.1 ml which was 14.0% for human plasma. The HPLC–MS–MS method provided sufficient sensitivity to completely map the pharmacokinetic time course of I following a single 5 mg dose of II to human subjects and a 0.5 mg/kg dose to beagle dogs.
Variation of Lattice Constant in Augmented-Plane-Wave Energy-Band Calculation for Lithium

Two series of self-consistent energy-band calculations in lithium by the augmented-plane-wave (APW) method are reported. The first used the exchange approximation proposed by Slater; the second used two-thirds of this quantity, as proposed by Gaspar, Kohn, and Sham. In each series, the lattice constant was varied, and the total energy was found as a function of this parameter. From this, the equilibrium lattice constant, the cohesive energy, and the compressibility were found. These quantities differ markedly for the two exchange approximations used, and roughly bracket the experimental values. A virial theorem is derived which is valid for Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations in solids, and it is shown that the numerical results in fact satisfy the virial expression.
Fluctuation-driven electroweak phase transition.

We examine the dynamics of the electroweak phase transition in the early Universe. For Higgs masses in the range 46 less than or = M sub H less than or = 150 GeV and top quark masses less than 200 GeV, regions of symmetric and asymmetric vacuum coexist to below the critical temperature, with thermal equilibrium between the two phases maintained by fluctuations of both phases. We propose that the transition to the asymmetric vacuum is completed by percolation of these subcritical fluctuations. Our results are relevant to scenarios of baryogenesis that invoke a weakly first-order phase transition at the electroweak scale.
Characteristics of Dusts Encountered during the Production of Cemented Tungsten Carbides

Inhalation of cobalt (Co) and tungsten carbide (WC) particles, but not Co or WC alone, may cause hard metal disease, risk of which does not appear to be uniform across cemented tungsten carbide (CTC) production processes. Inhalation of Co alone or in the presence of WC may cause asthma. Hypothesizing that aerosol size, chemical content, heterogeneity, and constituent compaction may be important exposure factors, we characterized aerosols from representative CTC manufacturing processes. Six work areas were sampled to characterize aerosol size distributions (dust, Co) and 12 work areas were sampled to characterize physicochemical properties (using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry [SEM-EDX]). Bulk feedstock and process-generated powders were characterized with SEM-EDX and x-ray diffraction. The dust mass median diameter was respirable and the cobalt respirable mass fraction was highest (37%) in grinding. Morphology of particles changed with processing: individual, agglomerate, or aggregates (pre-sintered materials), then mostly compacted particles (subsequent to sintering). Elemental composition of particles became increasingly heterogeneous: mostly discrete Co or W particles (prior to spray drying), then heterogeneous W/Co particles (subsequent work areas). Variability in aerosol respirability and chemical heterogeneity could translate into differences in toxicity and support detailed characterization of physicochemical properties during exposure assessments.
In vivo GABA editing using a novel doubly selective multiple quantum filter.

A novel multiple quantum filtering method is proposed that uses a doubly selective pulse termed Delays Alternating with Nutations for Tailored Excitation (DANTE) for multiple quantum preparation. This method selectively prepares GABA-3 and GABA-4 into a multiple quantum state and suppresses all other resonances at 3.0 ppm in each single scan. Phantom tests demonstrated excellent GABA signal retention and complete suppression of overlapping metabolites. It is shown using numerical simulations that overlapping macromolecules are suppressed because the frequency of the first upfield 2π rotation of the doubly selective DANTE pulse coincides with that of the macromolecules at 1.72 ppm. Excellent suppression of overlapping macromolecules was demonstrated in vivo. Using this method the concentration of GABA in the occipital lobe of healthy volunteers was measured to be 1.21 ± 0.28 μmol/mL (mean ± SD, N = 9). Magn Reson Med 47:447–454, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Precipitous Continental Slopes and Considerations on the Transitional Crust

The continental slope bordering the Bahamian Platform to the east descends precipitously from a shallow edge to oceanic depths. Sustained slopes of at least 40 degrees have been found east of San Salvador. Considerations based on isostatic equilibrium suggest that in this area the oceanic crust may approach the edge of the shelf within a distance as short as 8.5 km. If so, it may be possible to drill and sample a substantial portion of the transitional crust by means of directional drilling techniques from a rig located at the edge of the shelf. It may even be possible, at some future time, to cross the entire crust, pierce the Mohorovicic discontinuity, and penetrate the mantle.
Stabilization of an optical microscope to 0.1 nm in three dimensions

Mechanical drift is a long-standing problem in optical microscopy that occurs in all three dimensions. This drift increasingly limits the resolution of advanced surface-coupled, single-molecule experiments. We overcame this drift and achieved atomic-scale stabilization (0.1 nm) of an optical microscope in 3D. This was accomplished by measuring the position of a fiducial mark coupled to the microscope cover slip using back-focal-plane (BFP) detection and correcting for the drift using a piezoelectric stage. Several significant factors contributed to this experimental realization, including (i) dramatically reducing the low frequency noise in BFP detection, (ii) increasing the sensitivity of BFP detection to vertical motion, and (iii) fabricating a regular array of nanometer-sized fiducial marks that were firmly coupled to the cover slip. With these improvements, we achieved short-term (1 s) stabilities of 0.11, 0.10, and 0.09 nm (rms) and long-term (100 s) stabilities of 0.17, 0.12, and 0.35 nm (rms) in x, y, and z, respectively, as measured by an independent detection laser.
Growth of Continuous Diamond Film by Hot Filament C VD Technique on SiC/TiC Pellets, Synthesized Using Combustion Synthesis

Abstract β-SiC/TiC composites were synthesized using the process of self propagating-high temperature combustion synthesis (SHS). The heat released during the exothermic reaction between the metal and the carbon powder results in the melting of silicon and the titanium into which the carbon diffuses and then (3-SiC and TiC precipitates out from the supersaturated solution. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction techniques, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. An attempt was made to understand the mechanism of formation of the composite. A theory is proposed for the possible mechanism based on dissolution, diffusion and precipitation from the supersaturated solution. Diamond film was then grown on the pellet by hot filament CVD technique using methane and hydrogen gas as the reactants. The deposition was conducted for a period of four hours. A continuous film of diamond was found to grow on β-SiC/TiC composite using this technique. The diam...
Universal and special problems

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a situation which is best described by the following examples. I. Call a connected, locally connected and locally simply" connected topological space with base-point perfectly connected in brief. By a covering we mean a base-point preserving, surjective local homeomorphism of a perfectly connected topological space into a like one. Let ~0 be a ut,iversal covering of e'. Then 9 plays a double r61e. 1 ~ To each base-point preserving, continuous mapping ~0' of a simply and perfectly connected topological space into e', there exists one and only one base-point preserving, continuous function [ rendering the diagram
Foot contact timing and the effect of walking speed in normal childhood and adult gait.

Gait foot contact timing patterns are analysed to determine their relationship with walking speed and the effects of age. The effects on these relationships of normalising times by stride time and normalising speeds by stature are also determined. A total of 272 foot contact patterns from 47 normal subjects with an age range of 4 to 39 years are used in this study. The onset and offset foot contact times and walking speed comprise the data set. Two mathematical models are developed, an exponential one for the actual times and a linear one for the normalised times, using a minimum mean square error criterion. A statistical test using the F-ratio criterion is presented and used to compare the characteristic regressions of different age groups. The tests determine if the model regressions are either parallel or coincident. The results indicate that normalising by stride time is the most effective in reducing age differences. A trend is observed which differs from previous investigators' belief that mature gait is developed by age four. Similarities in all ages are revealed by the parallelism of the regressions but a distinct difference exists between the children's and adult's groups.
Neonatal testosterone exposure influences neurochemistry of non-opioid swim stress-induced analgesia in adult mice.

Abstract The effects of neonatal hormone manipulations on swim stress-induced analgesia (SSIA) magnitude and neurochemical quality were examined in Swiss-Webster mice of both sexes. Previous research has indicated that non-opioid SSIA mechanisms in adult Swiss-Webster mice are sexually dimorphic. Male mice exhibit non-opioid SSIA following a 3-min swim in cold (15°C) water that is antagonized by the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine; 0.075 mg/kg), whereas female mice do not display NMDA-mediated analgesia in the presence of estrogen. Since male and female mice show equipotent magnitudes of SSIA, it was concluded that female mice display a neurochemically distinct, estrogen-dependent SSIA mechanism specific to their gender. In the present study, female mice exposed to testosterone during the neonatal period display NMDA-mediated analgesia even in the presence of estrogen in adulthood. Thus, expression of the female-specific, estrogen-dependent SSIA mechanism previously described may be dependent on the absence of testosterone during early ontogeny.
Global encounters: ‘Barbie’ in Nigerian Agbogho-mmuo mask context

Abstract This is a discussion of the American Barbie doll image as a representation of globalised beauty that impinges on Nigerian standards of beauty exemplified in this essay by Agbogho-mmuo mask of the Igbo ethnic group. Although Barbie is a corporate product and the mask is sacred, the difference is minimised by their mutual focus on representations of idealised beauty. The focus is on the encounter between two ideas of beauty represented by Barbie on the one hand and Agbogho-mmuo on the other. As part of the global image-making network, the Barbie image influences the dynamics of the perception of beauty in Nigeria and this adversely affects the health of women and contributes to the decline of indigenous Nigerian cosmetic usage, production and practises. The discussion of the variety of images represented by the range of Barbie doll imagery and the female mask helps the reader appreciate the problems of Barbie's body dimensions and skin and hair colour for Nigerians with different skin colour and b...
Beyond the Paleolithic prescription: incorporating diversity and flexibility in the study of human diet evolution

Evolutionary paradigms of human health and nutrition center on the evolutionary discordance or "mismatch" model in which human bodies, reflecting adaptations established in the Paleolithic era, are ill-suited to modern industrialized diets, resulting in rapidly increasing rates of chronic metabolic disease. Though this model remains useful, its utility in explaining the evolution of human dietary tendencies is limited. The assumption that human diets are mismatched to the evolved biology of humans implies that the human diet is instinctual or genetically determined and rooted in the Paleolithic era. This review looks at current research indicating that human eating habits are learned primarily through behavioral, social, and physiological mechanisms that start in utero and extend throughout the life course. Adaptations that appear to be strongly genetic likely reflect Neolithic, rather than Paleolithic, adaptations and are significantly influenced by human niche-constructing behavior. Several examples are used to conclude that incorporating a broader understanding of both the evolved mechanisms by which humans learn and imprint eating habits and the reciprocal effects of those habits on physiology would provide useful tools for structuring more lasting nutrition interventions.
Biochemical and Cellular Specificity of Peptide Inhibitors of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases

Identifying novel allosteric inhibitors of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) would be of considerable use in limiting both the extent of desensitization of GPCRs as well as downstream positive regulation through GRKs. Several peptides have previously been identified as inhibitors of specific GRKs, but to date there have been few comparisons of the selectivities of these materials on the seven GRKs, modifications to allow cell penetration, or off-target activities. The goal of this study was to determine if a panel of peptides mimicking domains on either GPCRs or GRKs would exhibit selective inhibition of GRKs 2, 5, 6 and 7 phosphorylation of rhodopsin. Peptides included sequences from GRK5; helices 3, 9, and 10 (α3, α9, and α10) in the RH domain, and the N-terminal peptide (N-Ter), as well as the intracellular loop 1 (iL1) of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR), and the Gα transducin C-tail (TCT). While some selectivity for individual GRKs was found, overall selectivity was limited and often not reflective of structural predictions. Off-target effects were probed by determining peptide inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and PKA, and while peptides had no effect on AC activity, N-Ter, iL1, and α10 were potent inhibitors of PKA. To probe inhibition of GRK activity in intact cells, we synthesized TAT-tagged peptides, and found that TAT-α9-R169A and TAT–TCT inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated GRK phosphorylation of the β2AR; however, the TAT peptides also inhibited isoproterenol and forskolin stimulation of AC activity. Our findings demonstrate potent peptide inhibition of GRK activities in vitro, highlight the differences in the environments of biochemical and cell-based assays, and illustrate the care that must be exercised in interpreting results of either assay alone.
Choice in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

Abstract To study matching in a species distantly related to mammals and birds, seven bluegill were trained to break a photobeam using a nose-poke response for access to pelleted food in their home aquaria during one-h sessions. Reinforcer ratios available from the two response alternatives varied among the following: 16:1, 8:1, 4:1, 1:1, 1:4, 1:8, and 1:16. The overall reinforcement rate was held at 0.8/min. All experiments were conducted in a closed economy, i.e., the fish's daily food ration was available only during experimental sessions. Matching functions are reported for each fish using all combinations of scheduled and obtained reinforcer ratios as the independent variables and response and time ratios as the dependent variables. All matching functions had slopes less than 1.0 and r2 values above 0.70. Overall response rates were unrelated to the reinforcer ratios but, as with other species studied, changeover rates were highest for the 1:1 condition and lowest for the 16:1 conditions. These results are consistent with data obtained from more traditionally studied taxa (e.g., birds, mammals, and primates), and similar previous studies with fish, suggesting that matching has been conserved since fish, birds, and mammals evolved from a common ancestor over 400 million years ago.
Models for convection and segregation in the growth of HgCdTe by the vertical Bridgman method

Transport processes in the vertical Bridgman growth of Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te were investigated by numerical analysis of an idealized quasi-steady-state model of this system. The analysis was specifically directed at an explanation for the radial and axial segregation data obtained by Szofran and Lehoczky (1984) and Szofran et al. (1984) on this system, who reported, respectively, on the observations of diffusion-controlled axial segregation and on the presence of large compositional nonuniformities of CdTe across the radius of the crystal. It is shown that the data sets of these groups can be explained by the results of a detailed analysis of heat transfer, convection, and species transport which account for thermosolutal convection in the melt and for heat transfer mechanisms that dominate the HgCdTe alloy. Predictions from this analysis is applicable to the growth of other materials, because they suggest conditions for the growth of radially uniform crystals with nearly constant axial composition profiles.
Tensin relief facilitates migration.

The molecular mechanisms through which the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) promotes normal cell migration and carcinoma invasion are incompletely understood. A new study reveals that EGFR induces a switch in expression from tensin to its endogenous inhibitor cten (C-terminal tensin-like protein), alleviating integrin linkage to the cytoskeleton. Analysis of clinical samples suggests that this may be important for breast cancer invasion.
Maturation and topography of the auditory evoked response of the prematurely born infant

The behavioral, EEG, and auditory responses have been studied during the maturation of prematurely born infants. It was found that: (1) The less mature the infant, the less time spent in a quiet sleep state. As the infants matured, periods of quiet sleep occurred for longer durations and interrupted the active sleep phase more frequently. (2) The EEG pattern of young infants (23–26 weeks estimated conceptional age [ECA]) consisted almost entirely of an “intermittent” pattern. As maturation progressed, this “intermittent” pattern became more closely associated with periods of quiet sleep. The continuous pattern appearing at approximately 29 to 31 weeks (ECA) was increasingly associated with an active sleep phase; by 34 to 35 weeks (ECA), the correspondence between EEG pattern and sleep state was more constant. (3) All infants regardless of conceptional age responded to the auditory stimulus from all recorded areas of the scalp. A sequence of wave patterns of the auditory evoked response was noted as a function of maturation. The young infants had a large, negative, long-latency (180–270 msec) wave diffusely over the scalp. As maturation progressed, a series of negative-positive-negative components was recognized. The evoked response patterns changed wave latency-amplitude relation as a function of both age and scalp topography. (4) The latency of the evoked response waves N1 and P2 were consistently greater during the intermittent, compared to the continuous EEG pattern in infants 34 to 40 weeks age post conception. (5) A small, (early ∼ 15 msec) auditory evoked response was recorded from the ear electrode and is probably of muscle origin. This early muscle response was augmented when the baby was awake and crying, intermediate in amplitude during an active sleep period, and barely detectable or absent during quiet sleep.
Performance of an AASHTO Beam Bridge Prestressed with CFRP Tendons

Corrosion-induced deterioration of steel RC highway bridges is one of the major distress types that can render a structurally deficient bridge before reaching the design life. One feasible solution to the problem is to replace the conventional steel reinforcement with noncorrosive carbon fiberereinforcedpolymer(CFRP)reinforcements.However,theCFRPreinforcementasaninternalreinforcementhasnotbeenexploredin AASHTO-typeprestressedconcretebeam bridges.AASHTO-type beamshavean I-type cross sectionwitha bottom flange, andonintegrationof thedeckslab,the finalshapeisabulb-Tsection.ThispaperdiscussestheexperimentalinvestigationofaprecastprestressedAASHTOcontrolbeam and a bridge model. A 12.5-m-long one-third scale AASHTO-type control beam was experimentally investigated for its flexural behavior when reinforcedand prestressed withCFRP. Subsequently,a one-thirdscalebridge model made of fivesuchbeamswasconstructed,instrumented,and testedunderbothserviceandultimateloadconditions.Asanticipated,thecontrolbeamandthebridgemodelfailureswereinitiatedbyrupturingof the prestressing CFRP tendons at the bottom layer. The observed flexural response of the bridge model was in close agreement with that of the controlbeam.Asexpected,thefailuremodewasprogressive,withextensivecrackingofthebridgemodel,whichgivessignificantwarningpriorto the ultimate collapse, overcoming issues related to the otherwise brittle behavior of the CFRP-reinforced structures. It is therefore highly recommendedtoprovidetheCFRPtendonsindifferentlayersalongthedepthofthebeamstoeffectivelyaddresstheissuesrelatedtobrittlefailure exhibited by CFRP reinforcements. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000339. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Beams; Bridges; Fiber reinforced polymer; Prestressed concrete; Progressive collapse. Author keywords: AASHTO beam; Bridge; CFRP; Ductility; Prestressed concrete; Progressive failure.
Numerical study of a transitional synthetic jet in quiescent external flow

The flow associated with a synthetic jet transitioning to turbulence in an otherwise quiescent external flow is examined using time-accurate three-dimensional numerical simulations. The incompressible Navier–Stokes solver uses a second-order accurate scheme for spatial discretization and a second-order semi-implicit fractional step method for time integration. The simulations are designed to model the experiments of C. S. Yao et al .( Proc. NASA LaRC Workshop, 2004) which have examined, in detail, the external evolution of a transitional synthetic jet in quiescent flow. Although the jet Reynolds and Stokes numbers in the simulations match with the experiment, a number of simplifications have been made in the synthetic jet actuator model adopted in the current simulations. These include a simpler representation of the cavity and slot geometry and diaphragm placement. Despite this, a reasonably good match with the experiments is obtained in the core of the jet and this indicates that for these jets, matching of these key non-dimensional parameters is sufficient to capture the critical features of the external jet flow. The computed results are analysed further to gain insight into the dynamics of the external as well as internal flow. The results indicate that near the jet exit plane, the flow field is dominated by the formation of counter-rotating spanwise vortex pairs that break down owing to the rapid growth of spanwise instabilities and transition to turbulence a short distance from the slot. Detailed analyses of the unsteady characteristics of the flow inside the jet cavity and slot provide insights that to date have not been available from experiments.
Effect of Repeated Replenishment of Hypothalamie Extract on LH and FSH Secretion in Monolayer Cultures of Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells1

Secretion of LH and FSH in primary monolayer cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells was investigated over a period of 41 days. The effects of rat hypothalamie extract (HE) on cell growth and hormone secretion were assessed. The culture media were replenished at 3–4-day intervals and their LH and FSH contents were measured by double antibody radioimmunoassay methods. In absence of HE, the concentrations of LH and FSH declined gradually and reached undetectable levels (<2S0 ng/culture in terms of standard reference preparation NIAMD—Rat LHRP- 1 and NIAMD—Rat FSH—RP-1, respectively) by the 16th day of cultivation. When the HE was replenished at 3–4-day intervals the concentrations of both gonadotrophins also declined but always remained considerably higher than for control cultures. Addition of HE to 21-day cultures, grown in medium alone, increased the hormone concentrations to 1,100 ng/culture for LH and to 2,500 ng/culture for FSH.(Endocrinology 92: 6, 1973)
Ultrastructure of root cortical cells parasitized by the ring nematodeCriconemella xenoplax

Individuals of the plant-parasitic nematodeCriconemella xenoplax, monoxenically cultured on root expiants of clover, carnation, and tomato, fed continuously for up to 8 days from single cells in the outer root cortex. Individual cortical cells parasitized by nematodes were modified into discrete “food cells” in all hosts examined. The nematode's stylet penetrated between epidermal cells and frequently through a subepidermal cortical cell. Electron-transparent callose-like material continuous with the cell wall enveloped the portion of the stylet that traversed subepidermal cortical cells. Food cells were typically located in the first or second cell layers of the cortex. The stylet penetrated 5–6 μm through the wall of the food cell without penetrating the plasma membrane. Electron-transparent callose-like deposits formed between the invaginated plasma membrane and stylet, except at its aperture. The plasma membrane of the food cell was appressed tightly to the wall of the stylet aperture creating a 130–160 nm hole in the membrane. This opening provided continuity between the lumen of the stylet and the food cell cytosol for ingestion of nutrients by the nematode. Ribosomes were dissociated from the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum in food cells and accumulated with other cell organelles in a zone of modified cytoplasm around the stylet. A fibrillar material appeared to form a barrier in the cytosol around the stylet aperture that limited movement of cell organelles toward the aperture. Electron-dense secretory components were secreted into the food cell by the nematode. Clusters of putative nematode secretory components consisting of 20–40 nm diameter, electron-dense particles were dispersed in the densely particulate zone of cytoplasm around the stylet tip. The cytosol immediately around the stylet aperture in the center of the modified cytoplasm was finely granular.
Contact transformations and conformal group. III. Finite nonrelativistic transformations

Contact conformal transformations (as defined in a previous work) are integrated giving the finite form of these transformations. Some properties of such a group of motions are pointed out.
Genotoxicity of 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid biodegradation products in the Salmonella reversion and lambda prophage‐induction bioassays

Pseudomonas cepacia strain AC1100 has been isolated and reported to utilize 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5 T) as sole carbon and energy source Metabolites from the 2,4,5-T degradation pathway were tested for their mutagenicity in the Salmonella reversion bioassay and genotoxicity in the prophage-induction bioassay The parental compound (2,4,5-T) and three reported metabolites (2,4,5 trichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone, and 2-chlorosuccinate) were negative with and without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA104 Conversely, 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5 trichlorophenol were positive in the prophage-induction bioassay with added S9 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol was approximately 100 fold more genotoxic than 2,4,5-T 2,5-Dichlorohydroquinone was a weak direct-acting genotoxicant in this assay In order to determine if strain AC1100 eliminated genotoxicity, 2,4,5 T medium was inoculated and the genotoxicity and the amount of 2,4,5-T remaining were examined over the growth period As cell numbers increased, the percentage of 2,4,5-T remaining in the medium decreased This decrease coincided with a decrease in genotoxicity in the prophage-induction bioassay No mutagenic response was observed in the Salmonella reversion assay
Grain Boundary Location-Controlled Polt-Si Films for Tft Devices Obtained Via Novel Excimer Laser Process

Based on a previously acquired physical understanding of the excimer-laser-induced crystallization process, we have developed a new crystallization technique that produces controlled microstructures and possesses a wide processing window. A patterned oxide capping layer was used as an antireflective coating to induce complete melting of an Si film under an SiO2 pattern, and partial melting of the Si film in the areas not under the capping layer—allowing controlled super lateral growth to proceed from the incompletely melted portion of the film to the completely melted portion. For the simple stripes used in this investigation, when the width of the completely molten region is less than a critical distance (above which nucleation of solids occurs in the middle of the completely melted regions), the resulting microstructure has large and elongated grains with one precisely located grain boundary running parallel to the stripe In the middle of the oxide capped region. Arrangement of TFT devices on the resulting Grain boundary Location-Controlled (GLC) Si films with one (or zero) grain boundaries located perpendicular to the flow of electrons within the active channel portion of the TFT devices is illustrated. Such devices are expected to possess performance and uniformity characteristics that are superior to currently available poly-Si TFT devices.
Electronic Absorption Spectra from MM and ab Initio QM/MM Molecular Dynamics: Environmental Effects on the Absorption Spectrum of Photoactive Yellow Protein

We describe a new interface of the GPU parallelized Terachem electronic structure package and the Amber molecular dynamics package for quantum mechanical (QM) and mixed QM and molecular mechanical (MM) molecular dynamics simulations. This QM/MM interface is used for computation of the absorption spectra of the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) chromophore in vacuum, aqueous solution, and protein environments. The computed excitation energies of PYP require a very large QM region (hundreds of atoms) covalently bonded to the chromophore in order to achieve agreement with calculations that treat the entire protein quantum mechanically. We also show that 40 or more surrounding water molecules must be included in the QM region in order to obtain converged excitation energies of the solvated PYP chromophore. These results indicate that large QM regions (with hundreds of atoms) are a necessity in QM/MM calculations.
Association of prenatal and childhood blood lead concentrations with criminal arrests in early adulthood.

Background Childhood lead exposure is a purported risk factor for antisocial behavior, but prior studies either relied on indirect measures of exposure or did not follow participants into adulthood to examine the relationship between lead exposure and criminal activity in young adults. The objective of this study was to determine if prenatal and childhood blood lead concentrations are associated with arrests for criminal offenses. Methods and Findings Pregnant women were recruited from four prenatal clinics in Cincinnati, Ohio if they resided in areas of the city with a high concentration of older, lead-contaminated housing. We studied 250 individuals, 19 to 24 y of age, out of 376 children who were recruited at birth between 1979 and 1984. Prenatal maternal blood lead concentrations were measured during the first or early second trimester of pregnancy. Childhood blood lead concentrations were measured on a quarterly and biannual basis through 6.5 y. Study participants were examined at an inner-city pediatric clinic and the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. Total arrests and arrests for offenses involving violence were collected from official Hamilton County, Ohio criminal justice records. Main outcomes were the covariate-adjusted rate ratios (RR) for total arrests and arrests for violent crimes associated with each 5 lg/dl (0.24 lmol/l) increase in blood lead concentration. Adjusted total arrest rates were greater for each 5 lg/dl (0.24 lmol/l) increase in blood lead concentration: RR ¼ 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07–1.85) for prenatal blood lead, 1.07 (95% CI 0.88–1.29) for average childhood blood lead, and 1.27 (95% CI 1.03–1.57) for 6-year blood lead. Adjusted arrest rates for violent crimes were also greater for each 5 lg/dl increase in blood lead: RR ¼ 1.34 (95% CI 0.88–2.03) for prenatal blood lead, 1.30 (95% CI 1.03–1.64) for average childhood blood lead, and 1.48 (95% CI 1.15–1.89) for 6-year blood lead.
Cell interactions between histoincompatible t and b lymphocytes. VI. Cooperative responses between lymphocytes derived from mouse donor strains differing at genes in the s and d regions of the h-2 complex.

In our initial studies on the question of histocompatibility requirements in T-B-cell interactions, we found that no cooperation occurred with mixtures of T and B cells from BALB/c (H-2(d)) and A/J (H-2(a)) donors, respectively (1). These particular strains are identical for genes in the S and D regions of the H-2 complex but possess major differences at the K-end. Many differences are known to exist in the I region as well. Thus, these early data indicated that gene identities only at the D-end are insufficient to permit optimal cooperative interactions to occur under these conditions.
Application of an automatic event-controlled sampler for biological analysis and monitoring: Studies on plume tracking in Milwaukee Harbor, Milwaukee, Wisconsin

An automatic remote-controlled sampling system for biological analysis and monitoring is presented and its functionality described. In order to test the automatic sampler's ability to reproduce standard manual sampling methods, several trials were performed. The automatic sampler allows event-triggered samplings. Time series of these events are presented and interpreted. Significant patterns of bacterial concentrations and sonde parameters are expected during heavy rainfall and CSO events. Comparison of samples from the automatic sampler and the manual samples collected at the south gap in Milwaukee Harbor showed the same results for samples analyzed the day of collection as for those that were stored at the bottom of the lake.
Thermolysis of [(η5-C5H5)Co(PPh3)(η2-DMAD)], revisited: a solid state analysis reveals the true structure of the triphenylphosphine-alkyne coupling product

Abstract Thermolysis of the η 2 -alkyne complex (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Co(PPh 3 )[η 2 -(MeO 2 C)CC(CO 2 Me)] ( 1 -DMAD) leads to formation of an ortho -metalated vinyl-phosphonium derivative (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Co[η 2 -(MeO 2 C)HCC(CO 2 Me)PPh 2 (η 1 - o -C 6 H 4 )] ( 4 ) as well as a small amount of the tricobalt bis(carbyne) cluster [(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Co] 3 [μ 3 ,η 3 -C(CO 2 Me)] 2 ( 3 -CO 2 Me). Thermolysis of 1 -DMAD in the presence of added triphenylphosphine gives 4 as the major product, with no evidence for formation of 3 -CO 2 Me. Complexes 4 and 3 -CO 2 Me were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Conditional Properties of Some Estimators in Stratified Sampling

Abstract The prediction properties of the stratified expansion estimator, the separate and combined ratio estimators, and the separate and combined regression estimators are studied under a model appropriate to a population stratified on a size variable. Several estimators of variance for each total estimator are considered, including standard ones from probability sampling theory, alternative choices derived from a superpopulation model, and the jackknife. The theory is tested in an empirical study using a real population. Earlier studies of the ratio and regression estimators under simple random sampling plans have illustrated that conditional properties of those estimators and of the linearization variance estimators that are often used with them can be much different and less desirable than unconditional properties. Whether similar results hold for stratified samples and estimators has been the subject of some debate. This article illustrates both theoretically and empirically that the use of stratifi...