cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2725: Progesterone promotes estrogen induced mammary tumorigenesis through the activation of nodal and notch signaling

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Nodal and Notch are considered to be important embryonic morphogens, regulating cell - cell communication, determining left - right asymmetry and in formation of the mesoderm. Cellular processes in embryogenesis can be compared to processes occurring during tumorigenesis. Nodal has been shown to re emerge in aggressive triple negative breast carcinomas, and Notch is known to promote breast cancer. The role of Nodal and Notch in breast carcinomas is being studied; however hormonal regulation of theses two cancer-promoting genes is unknown. Ovarian hormones Estrogen (E) and Progesterone (P) play a vital role in the normal development and function of breast tissue, while extensive exposure to these hormones increases the risk of breast cancer. Studies conducted by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) have demonstrated that combined Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) increases breast cancer risk. The objective of this study is to determine whether P promotes E induced mammary tumorigenesis through the activation of Nodal and Notch signaling. To study the molecular mechanism, MCF-7 cells were cultured and treated with hormones: E, P, E+P and E+Mifepristone (MP - a progesterone antagonist). MTS assay for cellular proliferation, PCR array for gene expression, and western blot for protein expression, were performed. MTS assay showed increased cell proliferation of MFC-7 hormone treatment E+P when compared to control. PCR array analysis showed significant alteration of genes associated with Nodal signaling, specifically Lefty in E+MP treatment, protein expression analysis showed activation of Notch and up - regulation of its downstream targets HES1 and HEY1 with E and P individual and combination treatments while it was down regulated in E+MP treatment. Based on our findings, we suggest that P mediates E induced mammary tumorigenesis through the activation of Nodal and Notch signaling, proposing a possible crosstalk between both pathways in the development and progression of breast cancer. Citation Format: Diego A. Pedroza, Arunkumar Arumugam, Sushmita Nandy, Ramadevi Subramani, Thiyagarajan Boopalan, Rajkumar Lakshmanaswamy. Progesterone promotes estrogen induced mammary tumorigenesis through the activation of nodal and notch signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2725. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2725
The Effect of Aprotinin on the Variety of Coronary Artery Resistance and the Function of Endothelial Cell during Heart Arrest with Warm Blood Cardioplegia

OBJECTIVE To observe the variations of the function of endothelial cell and coronary artery resistance(CAR) during heart arrest with warm blood cardioplegia with or without aprotinin.METHODS 40 patients suffered rheumatic heart disease were selected randomly.20 of them were administered aprotinin during extracorporeal circulation(ECC) as group B(study group),others without apotinin as group A(control group).The blood samples were taken at aortic clamping,30min,60min after aortic clamping,and end warm blood perfusion.The tissue-plasminogen activator(t-PA),the qlatelet granulate membrane protein 140(GMP140) and the 6-keto-PGF1α(6-K-F1α),circulating endothelial cell(CEC)were observed.The pressure and flux were recorded during warm blood cardioplegia.RESULTS ECC led CEC to increase,which peaked at 60min after aortic crossclamp.The EC related proteins increased at that time,but the peak of 6-K-F1 in group A delayed than that in group B.CAR of group B was significantly lower than that of group B at 60 min after aortic crossclamp.CONCLUSION ECC leads to excessive activation,injury and dysfunction of EC,while aprotinin can attenuate this process.
Molecular Karyotyping for Detection of Prognostic Markers in Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Samples of Uveal Melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common cancer of the eye in which approximately 50 % of cases develop metastases that are fatal within 2-15 years. Thus it is critical to identify prognostic markers to select high-risk patients into an adjuvant treatment. Chromosomal copy number alterations have been associated with poor prognosis. Historically the gold standard for identifying chromosomal aberrations had been fluorescent in situ hybridization. But in recent years other techniques have been developed that allow very rapid molecular analysis for estimation of chromosomal copy number with finer resolution. These include microsatellite analysis, multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification, and, most recently, genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. These various procedures have identified loss of all or part of chromosome 3 (monosomy), losses of 1p, 6q, or 8p, or gains of 6p or 8q which, together with tumor location, morphology, and size, can be used to accurately predict the risk of metastasis.
Biological Threat to Agriculture

Chapter 8 discusses the importance of agriculture and food systems to national economies and as an element of critical infrastructure. It also points out that agriculture and food systems are most vulnerable to threats from biological agents. These agents often produce devastating results when outbreaks of animal or crop disease are introduced naturally or accidentally. The malicious and intentional introduction of a crop or animal disease agent is known as agroterrorism. Agroterrorism has potential to undermine the economy of a nation and cause animal health professionals and government officials at all levels to muster an enormous response effort to contain the disease. Biosecurity in an agricultural setting can be described as several best practices aimed at reducing the threat of biological agents to the farm, animal production facility, or food processing and distribution center. Quarantine and stop movement procedures are used to prevent further spread of a disease. Involvement of the state and federal agencies is coordinated and in compliance with the National Incidence Management System and the National Response Framework. Various strategies for containment are discussed as well as quarantine, movement restrictions, disinfection, and carcass disposal activities.
Infertility and the Sexual Health of the Family

AbstractInfertility, which affects an estimated 20% of couples of childbearing age, has been investigated from a number of different perspectives. A great deal of attention has been paid to the sexual health and functioning of infertile couples, but the long-term ramifications of infertility on the sexual health of other family members has received little attention. For families with a history of infertility, sex often has an altered meaning, value, and reality. This may be the result of sexual dysfunction, nonsexual reproduction, or painful identity issues that alter self-concepts. Such experiences cannot help but have an impact on children raised in these families, especially if parents with a history of infertility are not helped to realize the import of their sexuality and sexual functioning on the healthy development of their children.
Drugs and the Human Envirome

Abstract As proposed and applied to all life forms, an “envirome” encompasses the total ensemble of environmental circumstances, conditions, and processes required for life form viability and successful adaptation. As applied to the human species, the “human envirome” encompasses the total ensemble of environmental circumstances, conditions, and processes required for human life form viability and successful adaptation of the human species. Politics and policy makers can help shape the human envirome to promote human life form viability and adaptation, as in the issuance of guidelines to promote widespread distribution and use of nutrients such as folic acid in the periconceptional weeks of a human pregnancy, with public health benefits such as prevention of neural tube defects. Similarly, policies can be used to discourage pregnant women from exposing a fetus to drugs such as cocaine, alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products, in order to gain other public health benefits. This chapter encourages readers to view the political environments of drug use as a facet of the human envirome and offers four perspectives on these political environments that might be useful to this book's readers, especially clinicians, scientists, and policy makers.
Prevalence of Anti-Heparin Platelet Factor 4 Antibodies in Patients with Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation.

Abstract Abstract 2094 Poster Board II-71 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) represents a complex syndrome with multiple pathophysiologic components. Most patients with DIC exhibit thrombocytopenic responses due to endogenous consumption of platelets. A systematic study on the prevalence on anti-heparin platelet factor 4 (AHPF4) antibodies and HIT syndrome in DIC patients has not been presented. To determine the prevalence of AHPF4 antibodies in patients with suspected DIC syndrome a total of 25 plasma samples were retrospectively analyzed utilizing the two commercially available methods (GTI, Brookfield, WI and Hyphen Biomedical, Paris, France). Out of 25 patients, 24 samples were positive for the AHPF4 antibody in the GTI method (OD>0.400), whereas only 16 were positive in the Hyphen Biomedical assay (OD>0.500). Interestingly, only 9 samples were positive in both of these assays. None of the positive samples in either the GTI or the Hyphen assay exhibited a positive 14C serotonin response. Additional analysis of these samples revealed that only 8 of these patients were previously exposed to heparin. Only 4 of the baseline samples were found to contain low levels of heparin as measured by anti-Xa method ( Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Interactions between the cytoplasmic domains of PspB and PspC silence the Yersinia enterocolitica phage shock protein response.

ABSTRACT The phage shock protein (Psp) system is a widely conserved cell envelope stress response that is essential for the virulence of some bacteria, including Yersinia enterocolitica. Recruitment of PspA by the inner membrane PspB-PspC complex characterizes the activated state of this response. The PspB-PspC complex has been proposed to be a stress-responsive switch, changing from an OFF to an ON state in response to an inducing stimulus. In the OFF state, PspA cannot access its binding site in the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of PspC (PspCCT), because this site is bound to PspB. PspC has another cytoplasmic domain at its N-terminal end (PspCNT), which has been thought to play a role in maintaining the OFF state, because its removal causes constitutive activation. However, until now, this role has proved recalcitrant to experimental investigation. Here, we developed a combination of approaches to investigate the role of PspCNT in Y. enterocolitica. Pulldown assays provided evidence that PspCNT mediates the interaction of PspC with the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of PspB (PspBCT) in vitro. Furthermore, site-specific oxidative cross-linking suggested that a PspCNT-PspBCT interaction occurs only under noninducing conditions in vivo. Additional experiments indicated that mutations in pspC might cause constitutive activation by compromising this PspCNT binding site or by causing a conformational disturbance that repositions PspCNTin vivo. These findings have provided the first insight into the regulatory function of the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of PspC, revealing that its ability to participate in an inhibitory complex is essential to silencing the Psp response. IMPORTANCE The phage shock protein (Psp) response has generated widespread interest because it is linked to important phenotypes, including antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence in a diverse group of bacteria. Therefore, achieving a comprehensive understanding of how this response is controlled at the molecular level has obvious significance. An integral inner membrane protein complex is believed to be a critical regulatory component that acts as a stress-responsive switch, but some essential characteristics of the switch states are poorly understood. This study provides an important advance by uncovering a new protein interaction domain within this membrane protein complex that is essential to silencing the Psp response in the absence of an inducing stimulus.
Optimization and predictive control of a vapor compression cycle under transient pulse heat load

Abstract There are well established control methods to stabilize the vapor compression cycle (VCC) about a given operating point. However, it is challenging to design such local controllers to handle large transient heat flux disturbances, due to complex coupling and constraints, and potential violation of critical heat flux (CHF) which could lead to the damaging dryout condition. Since VCCs are locally stable with relatively slow dynamics, model predictive control (MPC) is ideally suited to address these challenges. MPC solves a constrained receding horizon minimization problem under known transient heat disturbance. The objective function is a combination of the exit evaporator wall temperature, which provides an indication for the onset of partial dryout, energy consumption, and control input effort. This paper presents results from the application of MPC to a VCC testbed in our laboratory. We show that MPC can significantly increase the robustness with respect to transient disturbances by moving the system to an advantageous operating point in anticipation of known disturbances.
Metaphors that Communicate Weight-Based Stigma in Political News: A Case Study of New Jersey Governor Chris Christie

Abstract Introduction News media use metaphors to describe politics (Landau & Keefer, 2014) and obesity (Barry, Brescoll, Brownell, & Schlesinger, 2009). Weight-based stigma is prevalent in U.S. news media (Heuer, McClure, & Puhl, 2011). Media coverage of politicians’ body size may contain metaphors that stigmatize weight. Metaphors reflect and shape how people think about important issues like politics or obesity (Landau, Sullivan, & Greenberg, 2009; Landau, Meier, & Keefer, 2010; Landau & Keefer, 2014). Objective This study uses stigma communication theory (Smith, 2007) to examine stigmatizing metaphors used in media coverage of a United States politician, and candidate for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, Republican. Method We coded n = 240 articles, from January 2011 to December 2014, that referenced Christie's weight. Considering both the articles and the comments in response to them, we identified n = 246 weight references that utilized metaphors and coded these using categories derived from the stigma communication theory framework. Results Our coding of these weight references, from journalists and comments posted by the public, demonstrated that metaphors accomplish all four functions of stigma communication: they mark, label, assign personal responsibility, and link to peril the stigmatized person. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate not only that news media use metaphors to describe a politician's weight, but also show how these metaphors — alone and together — function to constitute stigma communication messages. These messages can affect public opinions toward politics and obesity.
How Common Is Residual Inflammatory Risk

After initiating aggressive statin therapy, high-risk atherosclerosis patients can be classified as having residual cholesterol risk (on-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDLC] ≥70 mg/dL), residual inflammatory risk (on-treatment high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP] ≥2 mg/L), both conditions, or neither. In contemporary lipid-lowering trials, there are roughly twice as many individuals in whom the principle unmet clinical need is residual inflammatory risk as compared with residual cholesterol risk. As such, continued translational investigation into inflammatory mediators of plaque initiation, progression, and rupture is crucial for the vascular biology community and ultimately for patient care. A critical principle of personalized medicine is to provide the right therapy to the right patient at the right time. Yet, in the treatment of chronic atherosclerosis, statin therapy has proven so effective that all patients should be aggressively treated for life, typically with high-intensity regimens.1 Addressing the problem of residual risk after statin therapy has proven complex as differing biological processes drive recurrent events in different patients. On the one hand, individuals treated with statins who, nonetheless, have persistently elevated levels of atherogenic lipoproteins represent a group with residual cholesterol risk where additional lipid-lowering therapies, including PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9) inhibition, are likely to prove effective. On the other hand, the majority of patients treated with a higher intensity statins will achieve 50% to 85% reductions in LDLC and apolipoprotein B.2,3 For these individuals in whom cholesterol is no longer the primary problem, the translational research community has …
Smart manufacturing must embrace big data

Study and model industrial processes to save money, energy and materials, urges Andrew Kusiak.
LDB1-mediated enhancer looping can be established independent of mediator and cohesin

Mechanistic studies in erythroid cells indicate that LDB1, as part of a GATA1/TAL1/LMO2 complex, brings erythroid-expressed genes into proximity with enhancers for transcription activation. The role of co-activators in establishing this long-range interaction is poorly understood. Here we tested the contributions of the RNA Pol II pre-initiation complex (PIC), mediator and cohesin to establishment of locus control region (LCR)/β-globin proximity. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the β-globin promoter to eliminate the RNA Pol II PIC by deleting the TATA-box resulted in loss of transcription, but enhancer-promoter interaction was unaffected. Additional deletion of the promoter GATA1 site eliminated LDB1 complex and mediator occupancy and resulted in loss of LCR/β-globin proximity. To separate the roles of LDB1 and mediator in LCR looping, we expressed a looping-competent but transcription-activation deficient form of LDB1 in LDB1 knock down cells: LCR/β-globin proximity was restored without mediator core occupancy. Further, Cas9-directed tethering of mutant LDB1 to the β-globin promoter forced LCR loop formation in the absence of mediator or cohesin occupancy. Moreover, ENCODE data and our chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicate that cohesin is almost completely absent from validated and predicted LDB1-regulated erythroid enhancer-gene pairs. Thus, lineage specific factors largely mediate enhancer-promoter looping in erythroid cells independent of mediator and cohesin.
Associations of Early to Mid-Childhood Adiposity with Elevated Mid-Childhood Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in the Project Viva Cohort.

Objectives To examine the longitudinal relationship of early to mid-childhood adiposity measures with mid-childhood alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Study design We studied 635 children in the Project Viva cohort. Research staff measured weight, height, skinfolds thicknesses, and waist and hip circumferences at early (median 3.2 years) and mid-childhood (median 7.7 years) visits. At mid-childhood, we collected blood for ALT analysis. We used established sex-specific ALT cut-offs to define elevated ALT. In multivariable linear and logistic regression models, we assessed the association of adiposity measures from early to mid-childhood with mid-childhood ALT level, adjusting for confounders. Results Children were 48% female, 59% white, 21% black, 6% Hispanic/Latino, and 3% Asian. At early childhood, 29% had overweight/obesity and mean waist circumference was 51.5 (SD 3.8) cm. At mid-childhood, mean ALT was 20.3 (SD 7.3) units/L, and 23% had an elevated ALT. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, each additional 10-cm greater waist circumference at early childhood was associated with 1.99 (95% CI 1.19-3.33) greater odds of elevated ALT at mid-childhood. Greater increases from early to mid-childhood in body mass index z score, sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, waist circumference, and hip circumference were associated with greater ALT at mid-childhood. Conclusions In this prospective cohort, greater waist circumference at early childhood and greater increases in adiposity measures from early to mid-childhood were associated with greater ALT levels at mid-childhood.
Conjugated Bubnov-Galerkin Infinite Element for Maxwell Equations

We propose a (conjugated) Bubnov-Galerkin Infinite Element (IE) discretization for the time-harmonic Maxwell scattering and radiation problems. The element falls into a family of infinite elements satisfying an exact sequence property. The exact sequence results from incorporating the far-field pattern into the anzatz for the solution and the test functions, and it differs from the standard grad-curl-div sequence. We verify the construction with 2D numerical experiments.
Aqua-OS: An Operating System for Underwater Acoustic Networks

Underwater acoustic networks have recently emerged as a promising approach for oceanic applications such as exploration and surveillance. This new type of networks differs from terrestrial wireless sensor networks in that the network nodes are powerful and well equipped with many resources for diverse applications in challenging environments. Existing operating systems for terrestrial wireless sensor networks may not be able to fully utilize the resources available in underwater networks or work efficiently in the underwater environment with diverse application requirements. This calls for a new operating system design for underwater acoustic networks. Motivated by this, we propose a plan to implement an operating system for underwater acoustic networks: Aqua-OS. Aqua-OS is going to be robust, highly customizable and energy efficient to tackle the harsh underwater environment, fully utilize the hardware resources and meet the diverse application requirements.
Treatment of anxiety disorders in the elderly: issues and strategies.

Abstract Clinical practice for the treatment of anxiety disorders in the elderly in general lacks empirical validation and hence is somewhat inconsistent. Extensive clinical experience, along with the knowledge gleaned from studies with a younger population, has led to the development of the following treatment approach. A thorough diagnostic assessment, crucial in planning subsequent treatment, is discussed first along with more general clinical issues. Next, a detailed review of current pharmacologic and psychologic treatments for each of the diagnostic categories of anxiety is described for application to the older patient. Definitive studies regarding the best treatments for anxiety disorders in the elderly are lacking, and further investigation of this area is emphasized.
Validity, Reliability, and Application of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Loads during High Intensity Functional Training.

The session rate of perceived exertion method (sRPE) has often been utilized in sports activities in which quantification of external training loads is challenging. The multi-modal, constantly varied nature of high intensity functional training (HIFT) represents a significant hurdle to calculate external work and the sRPE method may provide an elegant solution to this problem. However, no studies have investigated the psychometric properties of sRPE within HIFT interventions. Twenty-five healthy men and women participated in six weeks of HIFT. Rate of perceived exertion and heart rate were assessed within every training session throughout the duration of the intervention. Compared to criterion heart rate-based measures, we observed sRPE method is a valid tool across individual, group, and sex levels. However, poor reliability in participants’ abilities to correctly match rate of perceived exertion with the relative level of physiologic effort (i.e., percentile of maximum heart rate) currently limits the utility of this strategy within HIFT. When applied, the validity and reliability of the sRPE seem to improve over time, and future research should continue to explore the potential of this monitoring strategy within HIFT interventions.
Impacts of perceptions of parents on individuals’ reactions to unanswered prayers

ABSTRACTThis article examines how individuals’ reactions to unanswered prayers are associated with their perceptions of their parents. Undergraduate students enrolled at a state university in Utah ...
Science in the Age of Knowledge Abundance

This book suggests that understanding science communication as a network is perhaps the best way to develop and interject governing principles; it builds an argument for viewing the global network as a new form of organization of science on top of national or institutional forms. This chapter details the many changes to science that have occurred within the knowledge-creating system since the 1980s.
Interdisciplinary education in the age of assessment

Preface Chapter 1 The Promise of Interdisciplinary Assessment, David M. Moss, Terry A. Osborn and Douglas Kaufman Chapter 2 Assessment Is Not a Dirty World: Measuring Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Interdisciplinary Learning Environments, Scott W. Brown Chapter 3 Assessment as Process: Transdisciplinary Self Evaluation from a Writer's Point of View, Douglas Kaufman Chapter 4 Beyond Trivial Science: Assessing Understandings of the Nature of Science, David M. Moss, John Settlage and Catherine Koehler Chapter 5 Re-Solving the Tension Between Interdisciplinarity and Assessment: The Case of Mathematics, Jean Burelle, Katherine McGivney and Jane Wilbur Chapter 6 Hello Dolly!: Interdisciplinary Curriculum, Authentic Assessment, and Citizenship, Alan S. Marcus Chapter 7 Language Learning as an Interdisciplinary Endeavor, Terry A. Osborn Chapter 8 Rethinking Our Focus on the Future: Reading Assessment in the Transdisciplinary Secondary English Classroom, Wendy J. Glenn Chapter 9 Transdisciplinary Approaches to Bilingual Student Assessment: Creating Authentic Reflections of Meaningful Learning Opportunities, Mileidis Gort Chapter 10 Interdisciplinary Assessment: A System at the Heart of Teaching and Learning across Domains, Jacqueline Kelleher Chapter 11 In Praise of Complexity: Moving Interdisciplinary Assessment in Education from Theory to Practice, Douglas Kaufman, David M. Moss, and Terry A. Osborn List of Contributors
Magnetic field-induced intermediate quantum spin liquid with a spinon Fermi surface

The Kitaev model with an applied magnetic field in the [Formula: see text] direction shows two transitions: from a nonabelian gapped quantum spin liquid (QSL) to a gapless QSL at [Formula: see text] and a second transition at a higher field [Formula: see text] to a gapped partially polarized phase, where K is the strength of the Kitaev exchange interaction. We identify the intermediate phase to be a gapless U(1) QSL and determine the spin structure function [Formula: see text] and the Fermi surface [Formula: see text] of the gapless spinons using the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method for large honeycomb clusters. Further calculations of static spin-spin correlations, magnetization, spin susceptibility, and finite temperature-specific heat and entropy corroborate the gapped and gapless nature of the different field-dependent phases. In the intermediate phase, the spin-spin correlations decay as a power law with distance, indicative of a gapless phase.
Word order patterns in generic ‘zero person’ constructions in Finnish: Insights from speech-act participants

I suggest that seemingly puzzling word-order properties of the Finnish generic zero person construction can be explained if we acknowledge the relevance of speech-act participants (speaker/addressee) for the Finnish version of the EPP. Building on work by Moltmann (2006, 2010) on generic one as well as Malamud’s work (2012) on the features of one and you, I identify two different kinds of zero person constructions in Finnish, suggest evidence that the two kinds of zeros differ in their featural properties, and propose a refinement to the topicality-based EPP in Finnish that can be used to explain unexpected word order patterns of the zero person construction. This work draws new connections between reference to speech-act participants (in particular speaker-related meaning) and word order constraints.
Temporal logic robustness for general signal classes

In multi-agent systems, robots transmit their planned trajectories to each other or to a central controller, and each receiver plans its own actions by maximizing a measure of mission satisfaction. For missions expressed in temporal logic, the robustness function plays the role of satisfaction measure. Currently, a Piece-Wise Linear (PWL) or piece-wise constant reconstruction is used at the receiver. This allows an efficient robustness computation algorithm - a.k.a. monitoring - but is not adaptive to the signal class of interest, and does not leverage the compression properties of more general representations. When communication capacity is at a premium, this is a serious bottleneck. In this paper we first show that the robustness computation is significantly affected by how the continuous-time signal is reconstructed from the received samples, which can mean the difference between a successful control and a crash. We show that monitoring general spline-based reconstructions yields a smaller robustness error, and that it can be done with the same time complexity as monitoring the simpler PWL reconstructions. Thus robustness computation can now be adapted to the signal class of interest. We further show that the monitoring error is tightly upper-bounded by the L∞ signal reconstruction error. We present a (non-linear) L∞-based scheme which yields even lower monitoring error than the spline-based schemes (which have the advantage of being faster to compute), and illustrate all results on two case studies. As an application of these results, we show how time-frequency specifications can be efficiently monitored online.
Intravenous tranexamic acid safely and effectively reduces transfusion rates in revision total hip arthroplasty.

Aims Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to significantly reduce transfusion rates in primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs), but high-quality evidence is limited in the revision setting. The pur...
Genetic Analysis of Responsiveness to Adjuvant-Free Immunological Signals: Transfer of Genes from Responder Strains (SJL/J And CE/J) to a Nonresponder Background Uncovers a Requirement for H-2 Heterozygosity

In general, soluble protein antigens administered as deaggregated adjuvant-free solutions serve as poor immunologic signals1–3. Although this unresponsiveness to soluble proteins has been under investigation over the years, only recent studies with inbred mice (using bacterial β-D-galactosidase as the antigen) have demonstrated that it is under genetic control4. It was observed that while the majority (94%) of the inbred strains tested were unresponsive, SJL/J and CE/J mice produced high levels of specific IgG. This immune response (Ir)1 was shown to depend on two genetic loci, Ir-Z1 and ir-Z2, each segregating (in F2 and backcrosses) as a single, autosomal gene: Ir-Z1 of SJL/J as dominant and ir-Z2 of CE/J as recessive. Since there is no discernible association between H-2 haplotype (of independent origin) and responsiveness4, we concluded at that time that the chromosomal location of Ir-Z genes differs from that of well known Ir genes which are either closely linked to the H-2 region or to immunoglobulin structural genes. Based on these premises, we intorduced Ir-z genes into the nonresponder background of C57BL/6J by using conventional backcrossing5 in conjunction with selective breeding of responders. Our expectation was that this procedure would yield congenic inbred lines differing in responsiveness to adjuvant-free β-D-galactosidase.
The challenge of technology transfer: Buying in without selling out.

Highly effective technologies flowing from the discipline of behavior analysis have not been widely adopted, thus threatening the survival of the discipline itself. An analysis of the contingencies underlying successful technology transfer suggests the need for direct, empirical involvement in the marketplace in order to insure that the maximum demonstrable benefits reach the ultimate users. A successful example of this strategy of technology transfer is provided. Three areas of intense national concern—urban violence, illiteracy, and declining industrial productivity—provide immediate opportunities for the technologies of behavior analysis to secure the place of the discipline in the intellectual mosaic of the 21st century.
Yes or no: Ostensible versus genuine refusals in Mandarin invitational and offering discourse

Abstract In Mandarin invitational and offering exchanges, refusals can be either genuine or ostensible. This study explores the pragmalinguistic features that distinguish ostensible refusals from genuine refusals as well as the sociopragmatic constraints for ostensible refusals. Production data were elicited by a 12-scenario roleplay task from 22 native speakers and five native-speaker interlocutors. The resulting 264 conversations represent four discourse patterns identified in the literature (single-cycle acceptance, refusal-before-acceptance, single-cycle refusal, multi-cycle refusal) and are analyzed with reference to the orientation, position, justification, and modification of the initial refusals. Results show that in the particular domain of communication examined (everyday hospitality situations involving a professor or a friend), genuine refusals are often delayed, mitigated, and speaker-oriented with justification referring to specific extrinsic forces. In contrast, ostensible refusals are often immediately projected, unmitigated, and brief; they can be hearer-oriented addressing the initiator's return-for-favor intention or acknowledging the cost of the invitation or offer, or speaker-oriented with justification referring to personal feeling or unspecific reasons. The paper has also found that type of the initiating speech act, motivation for the initiating speech act, and power relation between interlocutors interact to constrain the use of ostensible refusals.
Folk Dancing in City Recreation

(1941). Folk Dancing in City Recreation. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 16-51.
Rural Hospital Closures and Local Economic Decline

This paper studies the local economic impacts of rural hospital closures in the United States. The analysis begins with a difference-in-differences approach using county-by-year panel data on all hospital closures from 2003 through the first half of 2017. The results indicate that closures adversely affect employment, income, labor force participation, establishments, population, rents, and the unemployment rate. Estimated effect sizes grow over time and are explained largely by rural counties that lose their only hospital and in counties where hospitals occupy a large share of the local labor market. While there is little or no evidence of pre-trends, I estimate a range of robustness checks designed to further address endogeneity concerns, such as forward-looking behavior among hospital owners. The results are consistent across these specifications. I also document spillovers, as evidenced by a 1.8 percent decrease in non-hospital employment, an effect that explains 40 percent of the total employment loss. To characterize the significance of the adverse effects, I combine the reduced-form estimates with a spatial equilibrium model of various agents in a local economy. Analysis of the model indicates that rural hospital closures significantly harm welfare, an outcome that is internalized by workers, older residents no longer in the labor force, and landowners.
The Growth and Regulatory Impact of Climate Change Litigation

Hari Osofsky began by making a statement of support for Black Lives Matter. Her presentation then focused on the evolution and regulatory impact of climate change litigation around the world, examining its role within the broader context of multi-level climate change governance and as a form of strategic litigation.
Musculoskeletal imaging in neonates: use of ultrasound

High-resolution US is a practical, cost-effective modality to evaluate the musculoskeletal system in neonates. US can be performed portably in the neonatal intensive care unit so that the critically ill infant can be evaluated with minimal distress. Sonography is noninvasive and does not require sedation; typical questions that might require the use of MRI or CT in older children can be rapidly resolved with US. Dynamic imaging can be used in real time to stress joints and see how articular structures relate. Given the advantages of US within the neonatal population, it has been widely used to evaluate for neonatal fractures, congenital joint abnormalities, limb deficiencies as well as muscular and soft-tissue abnormalities.
A Further Investigation of Local Nonparametric Estimation Techniques in Shale Gas Resource Assessment

Local nonparametric prediction models are used to develop drill site selection strategies for the Devonian Antrim Shale (Michigan Basin) and the Mississippian Barnett Shale (Fort Worth Basin). The presentation illustrates the simplicity and strength of this rather inexpensive approach as a potential additional tool to assist operators in developing shale gas resources.
Country Risk: Determinants, Measures and Implications - The 2015 Edition

As companies and investors globalize, we are increasingly faced with estimation questions about the risk associated with this globalization. When investors invest in China Mobile, Infosys or Vale, they may be rewarded with higher returns but they are also exposed to additional risk. When Siemens and Apple push for growth in Asia and Latin America, they clearly are exposed to the political and economic turmoil that often characterize these markets. In practical terms, how, if at all, should we adjust for this additional risk? We will begin the paper with an overview of overall country risk, its sources and measures. We will continue with a discussion of sovereign default risk and examine sovereign ratings and credit default swaps (CDS) as measures of that risk. We will extend that discussion to look at country risk from the perspective of equity investors, by looking at equity risk premiums for different countries and consequences for valuation. In the final section, we will argue that a company’s exposure to country risk should not be determined by where it is incorporated and traded. By that measure, neither Coca Cola nor Nestle are exposed to country risk. Exposure to country risk should come from a company’s operations, making country risk a critical component of the valuation of almost every large multinational corporation. We will also look at how to move across currencies in valuation and capital budgeting, and how to avoid mismatching errors.
SOME PRINCIPLES OF MEMORY SCHEMATA

Publisher Summary A fundamental aspect of the structure of material contained within a large, intelligent memory system is that the contexts, in which units of the stored information are accessed, are critically important in determining the way that information is interpreted and used. Most of the schemes, currently under active consideration, can be viewed as variants of list structures or semantic network structures. This chapter discusses some implications of these memory structures in regard to how the connections among different memory units are formed and interpreted, and some of the issues of processing that arise when these memory structures are used. It also discusses the nature of memory reference processes that can lead automatically, without particular effort, to the richness of the retrievals that it is believed to be a fundamental property of human memory. When two or more processes use the same resources at the same time, they may both interfere with one another, neither may interfere with the other, or one may interfere with a second without any interference from the second process to the first. The important principle is that a process can be limited in its performance either by the amount of available processing resources, such as memory or processing effort, or by the quality of the data available to it. Competition among processes can affect a resource-limited process, but not a data-limited one.
Drive as the Structure of Biopolitics

The paper reads Foucault's lectures on the birth of biopolitics in terms of the Lacanian notion of drive. It argues that biopolitics are by-product of the capture of the people's political energies as they are confronted by the market.
Metabolic syndrome is common and persistent in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Results from the TODAY clinical trial

Objective To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in youth-onset type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. Methods Prevalence of MetS (ATP III definition) was compared at baseline (n = 679) and at 6 (n = 625) and 24 months (n = 545) using chi-square tests. Laboratory data were examined between MetS classifications at each time point using ANOVA. Results Baseline prevalence of MetS was 75.8% and did not differ by treatment group or change over time. MetS was more common in females (83.1%) than males (62.3%; P < 0.0001) at baseline; this difference persisted over 24 months. Prevalence of MetS was similar between ethnic groups at baseline but greater in Hispanics (82.7%) vs. non-Hispanic Whites (67.5%; P = 0.0017) and non-Hispanic Blacks (72.7%; P = 0.0164) at 24 months. Although MetS was common in participants with hemoglobin A1c < 7.0% (74.4% at baseline; no significant change over 24 months), it was more common in those who did not maintain glycemic control at 6 months (80.3%; P = 0.0081). Elevated C-reactive protein, ALT, IL-6, and PAI-1 levels were more frequent with MetS. Conclusions Persistent high prevalence of MetS in youth-onset diabetes, even with excellent glycemic control, is of concern given the associated increased cardiovascular risk.
Liberation wars and tourism development in Africa: The case of Zambia

Abstract Development of Africa's immense tourism potential is severely limited for reasons including lack of capital, distance from the large North American and European markets, the cost of travel to Africa, and Africa's poor image abroad. A key factor contributing to this image problem is political instability. Since World War II, almost all African countries have achieved independence. In several countries, this decolonization process has taken the form of long and often bloody liberation wars. This paper examines the impact of Zimbabwe's protracted liberation war on tourism development in Zambia and suggests that a detailed examination of major internal and external political events associated with the decolonization process in Zimbabwe could provide important perspectives on the obstacles to tourism development in other African countries.
Boosting GPU performance by profiling-based L1 data cache bypassing

Cache memories have been introduced in recent generations of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to benefit general-purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPUs). In this work, we analyze the memory access patterns of GPGPU applications and propose a cost-effective profiling-based method to identify the data accesses that should bypass the L1 data cache to improve performance. The evaluation indicates that the proposed L1 cache bypassing can improve the GPU performance by 13.8% on average.
Isolation of Acetyl T-2 Toxin from Fusarium poae

Acetyl T-2 toxin (3,4,15-triacetoxy-8-isovaleroxy-12,13-epoxy-delta9-trichothecene) was isolated and characterized as a naturally occurring emetic trichothecene from liquid cultures of Fusarium poae (NRRL 3287). Acetyl T-2 toxin was shown to be much less toxic than T-2 toxin in pigeon assays.
GTO characterization for zero voltage switching applications

GTO applications limitations are investigated under hard and soft switching topologies as device output power and device switching frequency are simultaneously increased. Characterization test results and a P-Spice GTO model simulating device turn-off are used in the investigation. The most significant improvement under soft switching is seen to be an elimination of the voltage spike normally associated with hard switch GTO turn-off. The impact of this on turn-off capability and switching frequency is investigated in detail. >
Preliminary studies of a novel oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate: capecitabine.

PURPOSETo evaluate the toxicology and pharmacology of an orally active fluoropyrimidine given as a continuous daily dose divided into two portions for 6 weeks, and to determine the maximal-tolerated daily dose (MTD) and the suggested phase II daily dose.PATIENTS AND METHODSSolid-tumor patients with a Karnofsky performance status greater than 70 who had normal organ function and resolution of the effects of prior therapy, and who gave informed written consent, were enrolled. Oral capecitabine, as a divided morning and evening dose, was administered to cohorts of a minimum of 3 patients starting at 110 mg/m2 and escalating by means of a modified Fibonacci scheme to 1,657 mg/m2/d. Pharmacologic samples were obtained on days 1 and 15. Toxicity evaluations were performed approximately every 3 days for the first 43 days. Antitumor effect was evaluated at day 42 of therapy.RESULTSThirty-three patients entered the study. Few side effects occurred at or below 1,331 mg/m2/d. The MTD was 1,657 mg/m2/d with limiting ...
3-D short pulse scattering by moderately rough dielectric interfaces via quasi-ray Gaussian beams

In the context of ground penetrating radar illumination of moderately rough interfaces, we have recently developed a number of physics-based, computationally efficient, forward scattering models for both time-harmonic and pulsed excitations, using Gabor-based narrow-waisted Gaussian beam algorithms. These forward solvers, so far restricted to two-dimensional configurations, have subsequently been incorporated into adaptive subsurface sensing techniques aimed at detecting, localizing and classifying shallow-buried low-contrast targets. In this paper, we extend the 2D short-pulse physical-optics (PO)-based forward scattering model to the more challenging and realistic case of 3D (vector) configurations.
Questions and the allocation, construction, and timing of turns in child discourse

The role of questions (i.e., interrogative forms with illocutionary force of questioning) in turn-taking was investigated. Turn-taking has three components: speaker selection, turn construction, and timing of turn transfer. Questions explicitly, via the verbal code, provide a clearance signal and a requested topic for the response, whereas assertions do not. Consequently, questions, in general, but not all linguistically defined sub-types of questions, contrast with assertions on the first two turn-taking components. It was shown that the probability of a turn transfer, of a relevant response, and of a turn transfer and relevant response is higher following questions, in general, than assertions. Questions also transmit an earlier speaker-selection signal (initial or terminal clausal position) whereas in the case of assertions speaker selection must be managed following clause completion. Questions do not seem to contrast with assertions on the third component as a result of this earlier clearance signal. Keeping the relevance of an utterance to prior text and the content of the response constant, switching pauses were about the same following both questions and assertions.