cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foreign Investments in January–September 2013

In January–September 2013, as compared to the respective period of the previous year foreign investments into Russian economy rose by 15.7% which is justified by growth in direct investments and other investments carried out on a recurrent basis. The shares of the above investments in the aggregate pattern of foreign investments amounted to 14.1% and 85.6%, respectively. The share of portfolio investments is estimated at 0.3%. The industry has become the most attractive area for foreign investors. Within nine months of 2013, the largest volume of investments to the Russian Federation came from Switzerland, that is, 14.5% of all the foreign investments in the Russian economy. The volume of the withdrawn capital fell by 9.2% and amounted to 68.4% of the volume of the received foreign investments.
Effectiveness of Blends of Synthetic Sex Attractants and Comparison with Virgin Female Lesser Peachtree Borers as Bait for Capture of Sesiidae

Various blends of ( Z , Z )-and ( E , Z )-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol acetate [( E , Z )ODDA and ( Z , Z )ODDA], the major components of the sex pheromones of peachtree borer, Synanthedon exitiosa (Jay), and lesser peachtree borer S. pictipes (Grote and Robinson), were field tested in 1979. Peachtree borer males were captured in the greatest numbers in traps baited with high ratios of Z,Z to E,Z. Lesser peachtree borer males were captured in the greatest numbers in traps baited with pure ( E , Z )ODDA; however, several were captured in traps baited with Z , Z / E , Z ratios as high as 50:50 Z , Z / E , Z , an indication that contamination of ( E , Z )ODDA with ( Z , Z )ODDA will not completely inhibit capture of males. In a test comparing the attractiveness of virgin females with that of synthetic sex attractant, no significant difference was noted between catches of males with 100 μg of ( E , Z )ODDA and with those having one female LPTB; both were relatively ineffective. Significantly more males were attracted to 5 and 10 virgin females than to 500 and 1,000 μg of sex attractant, respectively. Four species of Sesiidae not previously reported in Indiana were trapped during the season. The range of Alcathoe carolinensis Engelhardt was extended considerably by its capture in Indiana. Other new state records were Podosesia aureocincta (Purrington and Nielsen), Paranthrene pellucida (Greenfield and Karandinos), and Synanthedon rubrofascia (Hy. Edw.)
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 enhances coagulation in rabbit plasma and decreases bleeding time in clopidogrel/aspirin-treated rabbits.

Administration of carbon monoxide derived from carbon monoxide-releasing molecules has been demonstrated to enhance coagulation in vitro at small concentrations (100-200 μmol/l) in human and rabbit plasma. We sought to determine if carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 [tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer, CORM-2] would improve coagulation in rabbit plasma in vitro via thrombelastography and in an in vivo preclinical rabbit model of ear bleeding time following administration of clopidogrel (20 mg/kg) with aspirin (10 mg/kg) via gavage. Addition of 100 μmol/l CORM-2 to rabbit plasma significantly improved coagulation. This procoagulant effect was blocked by pre-exposure of plasma to an agent that converts hemefibrinogen to methemefibrinogen in human plasma, preventing carbon monoxide binding and enhancement of coagulation. Rabbit ear bleeding time was 5.8 ± 1.1 min 2-3 h after clopidogrel/aspirin administration. Bleeding time significantly decreased to 2.6 ± 0.6 min, 5 min after administration of CORM-2 (10 mg/kg; 279 μmol/l 'best-case' instantaneous concentration) intravenously. CORM-2 enhances plasmatic coagulation in a manner similar to that of human plasma in vitro, and plasmatic coagulation is enhanced in vivo by CORM-2 as well. Additional preclinical investigation of the effects of CORM-2 on coagulopathy (e.g. heparin or hemodilution mediated) utilizing this rabbit model is planned.
The molecular biology of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

HUMAN immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been clearly identified as the primary cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).1 , 2 Unlike any other infectious disease in modern medical history, AIDS has galvanized the concern and efforts of physicians, scientists, and the lay public alike. The magnitude of the mounting AIDS problem is indeed sobering. Since the initial clinical reports in the summer of 1981, over 132,000 cases of AIDS have been diagnosed in the United States, and nearly half the patients have died as a result of their disease.3 In addition, between 1 and 2 million Americans are now infected . . .
Petrova Pitch-Blister Moths of North America and Europe: Two New Species and Synopsis (Olethreutidae)

At least 9 of the 25 described Petrova species form nodule-like pitch blisters on pine. Eight pitch-blister moths occur in North America and one in Europe. They are diagnosed by 13 external, genitalic, and biological characters. Each species differs from the others in at least 5 characters. Hosts of pitch-blister moths are closely related, with all but 2 belonging to the Section Pinus of the subgenus Pinus . Life cycles last from 1–3 yr. Petrova luculentana (Heinrich) is placed as a junior synonym of P. metallica (Busck). Petrova mafica (type locality in Ontario) and P. taedana (type locality in Florida) are described as new.
Effect analysis of intensified immunization of measles vaccine in Jishui County in 2010

Objective To summarize and evaluate the intensified immunization effect of measles vaccine in Jishui County in 2010,and to investigate the strategy of measles control.Methods The study was conducted according to the requirement of Implementation Plan of Intensified Immunization by Measles Vaccine in Jiangxi Province in 2010.The epidemiological analysis was carried out on the related data by adopting descriptive method.Results During the implementation of intensified immunization of this year,among 23 256 children aged from 8 months to 4 years who should receive vaccination,22 896 children actually received vaccination with the rate of actual vaccination of 98.45% and the rate of rapid assessment vaccination of 97.75%.One case of suspected abnormal vaccination reaction related to measles vaccine was reported in the whole county with the incidence of 4.37/100 000.There were no mass incidents caused by intensified immunization of measles vaccine,no accident of vaccine quality and report of implementing error and accident,also no death case.After the implementation of intensified immunization by measles vaccine,the incidence of measles had been dramatically decreased.Conclusion During the implementation of intensified immunization of measles vaccine in Jishui County in 2010,the rate of measles vaccination for target children was over 95%,and reached the expected purpose.
Cerebellar flocculus and paraflocculus Purkinje cell activity during circular pursuit in monkey.

Responses from 69 Purkinje cells in the flocculus and paraflocculus of two rhesus monkeys were studied during smooth pursuit of targets moving along circular trajectories and compared with response...
Ethnic minorities and access to medical care: where do they stand?

Recent research on access to medical care suggests that although minorities may have achieved equity of access during the 1980s, this may no longer be the case. Data collected in the National Medical Expenditure Survey for 1987 are used to examine how African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanic Americans fare relative to white Americans on measures of access. Questions on insurance, income, race/ethnicity, place of residence, usual source of care, and use of ambulatory services were asked in a national probability sample of 36,400 US residents. This study found that while only 4.4% of the US population regularly used an outpatient department or emergency room in 1987, 9.9% (P < .0001) of Hispanic Americans, 15.8% (P < .0001) of African Americans regularly used a hospital-based site for their medical needs. Whereas 14% of all Americans were uninsured, 21% (P < .0001) of African Americans and 32% (P < .0001) of Hispanic Americans were uninsured. While 70.6% of all Americans made at least one ambulatory visit to a physician during 1987, 63% (P < .0001) of African Americans, 59% (P < .0001) of Hispanic Americans, and 54.6% (P < .0001) of Asian Americans saw a physician in 1987. Controlling for health status, disparities remained in the use of services for uninsured Americans regardless of race/ethnicity.
Ghost Cell Tumors.

Ghost cell tumors are a family of lesions that range in presentation from cyst to solid neoplasm and in behavior from benign to locally aggressive or metastatic. All are characterized by the presence of ameloblastic epithelium, ghost cells, and calcifications. This report presents the cases of a 14-year-old girl with a calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT) and a 65-year-old woman with a peripheral dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT) with dysplastic changes, a rare locally invasive tumor of odontogenic epithelium. The first patient presented with a 1-year history of slowly progressing pain and swelling at the left body of the mandible. Initial panoramic radiograph displayed a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion. An incisional biopsy yielded a diagnosis of CCOT. Decompression of the mass was completed; after 3 months, it was enucleated and immediately grafted with bone harvested from the anterior iliac crest. The second patient presented with a 3-month history of slowly progressing pain and swelling at the left body of the mandible. Initial panoramic radiograph depicted a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion with saucerization of the buccal mandibular cortex. An incisional biopsy examination suggested a diagnosis of DGCT because of the presence of ghost cells, dentinoid, and islands of ameloblastic epithelium. Excision of the mass with peripheral ostectomy was completed. At 6 and 12 months of follow-up, no evidence of recurrence was noted.
The UN’s Predicament: Needed and Sidelined

For almost 70 years, the Arab-Israeli conflict has proven to be one of the most elusive and controversial issues for the UN to resolve. The history of the UN’s uneasy involvement is addressed in this chapter: while needed to manage the conflict and legitimize a peaceful resolution, the UN became polarized and at times sidelined from the peace process. The key UN resolutions and diplomatic instruments (the Middle East Quartet and the Roadmap to peace) are introduced and discussed. Together they became Serry’s (imperfect) guidance and (restricting) toolbox when performing his duties for the UN, starting with the resumption of peace negotiations in Annapolis (November 2007). The chapter also offers insight into the events leading to the isolation of Gaza, which impacted gravely on Annapolis and other negotiations to come.
FDA analysis of patient enrollment by region in clinical trials for approved oncological indications.

2539Background: Clinical trials are increasingly conducted on a global scale in an effort to accelerate accrual. This analysis attempts to quantify and characterize participants in trials submitted...
Review of modern thinned array methods for optimizing randomly scattered elements

Modern thinned array methods focus on optimizing full arrays with as little computation as possible. This reduced computation comes at the cost of decreasing the amount of control over the element weighting factors. By reducing the control over the weighting factors for the optimization of each element there is actually an increased computation cost when the techniques are applied to randomly scattered elements, instead of a full array. Applying the modern thinned array methods to randomly scattered elements becomes more important as communication technology increases the number of simultaneously connected elements. This paper discusses some of the information that was gained from doing a review of these modern methods. Specifically, how not including a non-binary element weightings cause an increase in computation time when considering random scattered elements.
Enabling firm performance through business intelligence and analytics: A dynamic capabilities perspective

Abstract This study draws on the sense-seize-transform view of dynamic capabilities as the theoretical lens for examining the role of BI&A in organizations. It views BI&A as the sensing and seizing components of dynamic capabilities that contribute to firm performance by enabling business process change. Findings confirm a positive relationship between BI&A and performance, mediated by business process change capabilities. This study answers the call for a theoretically grounded examination of the relationship between BI&A and firm performance by highlighting the significance of the BI&A seizing capabilities, and the importance of business process change in translating BI&A output into improved performance.
Military Culture and the Civilian Therapist: Using Relational-cultural Theory to Promote the Therapeutic Alliance

ABSTRACTDeployment exposes service members to life-defining experiences that change them in various ways. The effects of these changes are felt throughout the service member’s support structure, making it necessary to address multiple areas of the clients’ lives. While there are several resources within the military structure to aid service members and their families, stigmas often prevent these services from being utilized. In order to tackle stigmas, civilian counselors are usually employed. However, they do not often have the proper training to address the culturally specific needs of military clients. Using a combination of Relational-Cultural Therapy, evidence-based practices, and cultural education, civilian counselors can begin to gain the knowledge necessary to best aid service member populations.
Factors Limiting Bacterial Growth: VII. Respiration and Growth Properties of Escherichia coli Surviving Sublethal Temperatures.

In earlier papers of this series (Hershey, 1939b) it has been shown that growth during the latent period is continuous with the subsequent growth accompanied by cell division, the two phases being described by a single law. The observations were made with Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae. Further test of the general validity of the conclusions reached with these organisms seemed desirable. This could be done by applying similar methods at random to the study of various species. We have attempted to proceed more purposefully. One could, a prior, anticipate several causes of lag (Penfold, 1914) which would be different from what we shall call the "normal latency" exhibited by the organisms mentioned. For example, growth on transplant should occur at increasing rate if bacteria in an aging culture sustain injury to labile constituents of catalytic mechanisms which are not essential to viability, but on which the rate of growth under favorable conditions depends. No authenticated instance of this is known. Recovery from injury has been suggested as a possible explanation of lag in pneumococcus cultures (Chesney, 1916), which are known to accumulate hydrogen peroxide in toxic concentrations; a similar explanation might be put forward to account for "dormancy" (Burke, Sprague and Barnes, 1925) of spores or of vegetative cells, whether the injury is of unknown cause or wilfully inflicted (Hollaender and Duggar, 1938; earlier work discussed by Buchanan and Fulmer, 1928). It is evident that this mechanism is
Synchronization of fault-tolerant distributed real-time multicomputers

Synchronization is a basic and necessary service of real-time distributed systems. It allows the global ordering of events, and the coordination of schedules. This dissertation presents a number of different efficient and fault-tolerant algorithms that can be used in the synchronization of a fault-tolerant distributed real-time multicomputer. Use of the existing communications network, and avoiding the use of master clocks are primary considerations. Synchronization is divided into three distinct operations: distributing clock information, estimating clock skews, and adjusting clock values. A number of algorithms are presented which perform one or more of these operations. An algorithm for adjusting clock values is presented which relaxes the restrictions found in similar algorithms on the number and quality of clock skew estimates. Another adjustment algorithm is presented which relaxes the restrictions on the number of clock skew estimates even further. Neither algorithm depends on master clocks. Next is presented an efficient algorithm for distributing clock information which uses the existing network and requires no specialhardware. Two probabilistic estimation algorithms are presented which use this clock distribution algorithm. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the clock distribution algorithm, and the effectiveness of the estimation algorithms. Finally, an algorithm for "continuous" distribution of clock information is presented. Normally, the clock distribution algorithm runs periodically, producing a heavy, periodic load on the system. Continuous operation results in a low-level near-constant load which causes less interference with system operation. The algorithms presented are complementary and work well together, but are still very much independent. One is free to select from among them only those algorithms which are advantageous, and to use them in concert with algorithms published elsewhere.
The Land-Grant Act and the People's College: Iowa State University

Review of: "The Land-Grant Act and the People's College: Iowa State University," edited by Allison H. Sheridan.
Hyperhidrosis and an Anxiety Disorder

Mr. Lewinsky is a 29 year-old man suffering from excessive sweating for as long as he can remember. The patient’s general practitioner diagnosed the condition as chronic hyperhidrosis when he was 15. Ever since, he has been treated with several topical drying agents without any benefits. He reports experiencing daily episodes of sweat dripping uncontrollably down his face, palms, and soles. During psychiatric evaluation, he revealed a history of untreated anxiety attacks, which have a temporal relationship with the sweating episodes. The patient disclosed that he had been held at gunpoint in an armed mugging 1 year before the anxiety episodes and uncontrollable sweating began. Any sign of potential danger can trigger the same fear and panic that he experienced during the armed mugging incident.
Photoelimination, Photoaddition, and Photosubstitution

This chapter contains discussions of photoelimination, photoaddition, and photosubstitution. Although there may appear to be some degree of overlapping between the first two topics in that the species produced by photoelimination may undergo addition to another substrate, our approach will be to concentrate on the reactions brought about by light absorption rather than subsequent dark reactions.
Proteasome inhibitors: complex tools for a complex enzyme.

Over the last two decades it has become abundantly clear that the proteasome is the pivotal component in cytosolic catabolism. Since its initial purification and biochemical characterization, this multi-component enzyme has been found to be essential for the regulation of fundamentally important processes such as cell division, cell death, signal transduction, and immune surveillance (for reviews see Coux et al. 1996; Goldberg and Rock 1992; Rivett 1993). Central to understanding any enzyme is the need to perturb its function in a highly controlled manner. This has been achieved through recent advances in the development and use of both natural and synthetic inhibitors that are capable of blocking the proteolytic activity of the proteasome. These advances are the focus of this chapter that highlights the use of diverse classes of inhibitors to probe the mechanism of the proteasome as well as to identify its physiological significance in the cell.
Salvage of Recurrence after Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy: A Multi-institutional Study.

ObjectivesTo determine the oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing salvage surgery for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) afte...
Structural domination in the labor market

In recent years, there has been a wide-ranging debate about the neo-republican principle of non-domination. Neo-republicans argue that domination is a capacity for one to intentionally use arbitrar...
A Microcomputer Based System for the Screening of Occupational Health Groups

This report describes the Barlow Occupational Health Center experience with a distributed processing network of microcomputers applied to a large scale occupational health screening program, the rationale for its design and a description of system characteristics.
System of legal acts in water supply and wastewater. Efficiency and realization

Сфера водопостачання та водовідведення є важливою сферою економіки і сферою життєзабезпечення населення держави. Регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення є питанням державної політики як сукупності ціннісних цілей, державно-управлінських заходів, рішень і дій, порядку реалізації державно-політичних рішень (поставлених державною владою цілей) і системи державного управління розвитком країни. Реалізація державної політики і влади у сучасному суспільстві неможлива без використання актів органів державної влади, котрі є зовнішнім проявом здійснення їх повноважень, в яких відображені конкретні рішення державної влади та які спрямовані на врегулювання певних суспільних відносин і досягнення певних юридичних наслідків. Акти органів державної влади мають велике значення для держави і суспільства, оскільки виражають конкретні рішення державної влади, її дії стосовно реалізації функцій з управління суспільством.Стаття присвячена дослідженню системи діючих нормативно-правових актів у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Автор аналізує поняття актів органів державної влади, нормативно-правових актів та їх класифікацію, наводить свої критерії класифікації нормативно-правових актів. Досліджує характерні особливості нормативно-правового регулювання сфери водопостачання та водовідведення, виділяє законодавчі і підзаконні нормативно-правові акти, основні і супроводжуючі законодавчі акти. Зокрема, аналізуються Закони України «Про житлово-комунальні послуги», «Про питну воду, питне водопостачання та водовідведення», «Про державне регулювання комунальних послуг», «Про природні монополії», наводяться певні неузгодженості між нормами Законів.Автор систематизує нормативно-правові акти у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення за предметом регулювання, зокрема: з питань експлуатації та обслуговування систем водопостачання та водовідведення, з питань якості питної води та послуг; з питань встановлення нормативів, з питань розрахунку втрат, з питань встановлення тарифів, з питань обліку доходів і витрат, з питань охорони праці, цивільного захисту, небезпечності об’єктів тощо. В статті також розглядається питання ефективності нормативно-правових актів, аналізуються критерії ефективності нормативно-правових актів загальнотеоретичні та авторські у сфері водопостачання та водовідведення. Зокрема, ефективність нормативно-правового акту виражається в досягнення ним цілей правового регулювання, а саме: закріплення з допомогою юридичних засобів уже існуючих суспільних відносин; стимулювання тих суспільних відносин, що вже існують і відповідають загальному інтересу суспільства; створення умов для виникнення й розвитку нових форм суспільних відносин; вилучення з практики соціально небезпечних відносин. До основних чинників ефективності правових норм належать: відповідність вимог норм права рівню соціально-економічного розвитку суспільства; рівень досконалості законодавства; рівень правової культури громадян, стан сфери регулювання.
Warble: programming abstractions for personalizing interactions in the internet of things

Advances in sensing and networking along with ubiquitous Internet connectivity have paved the way for today's massive Internet of Thing (IoT) market. Despite the vast potential of connecting to myriad devices across homes, office buildings, and public spaces, there is still a large need to unify the scattered protocols, hubs, and cloud services while personalizing end-user experiences. Enabling personalized IoT experiences requires an expressive and flexible middleware that enables simplified development of applications that address diverse individual needs and seamlessly cross multiple vendors and administrative domains. We introduce Warble: a middleware for such personalized IoT applications; Warble encapsulates device and protocol complexities, represents interaction with IoT devices as flexible programming abstractions, and enables applications to learn from their prior interactions in the IoT on behalf of their users. In this paper, we present Warble's architectural abstractions, API, and implementation. We then evaluate the middleware through a case study application using our Android implementation; this evaluation showcases the novelty of the Warble architecture and its programming abstractions.
Abstract P3041: Maternal Hypertension Sensitizes Post Weaning High Fat Diet Elicited Hypertension in Adult Offspring

Our previous studies showed that maternal hypertension sensitizes angiotensin (ANG) II-induced hypertension and this sensitization is associated with upregulation of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) ...
OptChain: Optimal Transactions Placement for Scalable Blockchain Sharding

A major challenge in blockchain sharding protocols is that more than 95% transactions are cross-shard. Not only those cross-shard transactions degrade the system throughput but also double the confirmation time, and exhaust an already scarce network bandwidth. Are cross-shard transactions imminent for sharding schemes? In this paper, we propose a new sharding paradigm, called OptChain, in which cross-shard transactions are minimized, resulting in almost twice faster confirmation time and throughput. By treating transactions as a stream of nodes in an online graph, OptChain utilizes a lightweight and on-the-fly transaction placement method to group both related and soon-related transactions into the same shards. At the same time, OptChain maintains a temporal balance among shards to guarantee the high parallelism. Our comprehensive and large-scale simulation using Oversim P2P library confirms a significant boost in performance with up to 10 folds reduction in cross-shard transactions, more than twice reduction in confirmation time, and 50% increase in throughput. When combined with Omniledger sharding protocol, OptChain delivers a 6000 transactions per second throughput with 10.5s confirmation time.
Multi-dimensional biodiversity hotspots and the future of taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity: A case study of North American rodents

AIM: We investigate geographic patterns across taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity to test for spatial (in)congruency and identify aggregate diversity hotspots in relationship to present land use and future climate. Simulating extinctions of imperilled species, we demonstrate where losses across diversity dimensions and geography are predicted. LOCATION: North America. TIME PERIOD: Present day, future. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Rodentia. METHODS: Using geographic range maps for rodent species, we quantified spatial patterns for 11 dimensions of diversity: taxonomic (species, range weighted), ecological (body size, diet and habitat), phylogenetic (mean, variance, and nearest‐neighbour patristic distances, phylogenetic distance and genus‐to‐species ratio) and phyloendemism. We tested for correlations across dimensions and used spatial residual analyses to illustrate regions of pronounced diversity. We aggregated diversity hotspots in relationship to predictions of land‐use and climate change and recalculated metrics following extinctions of IUCN‐listed imperilled species. RESULTS: Topographically complex western North America hosts high diversity across multiple dimensions: phyloendemism and ecological diversity exceed predictions based on taxonomic richness, and phylogenetic variance patterns indicate steep gradients in phylogenetic turnover. An aggregate diversity hotspot emerges in the west, whereas spatial incongruence exists across diversity dimensions at the continental scale. Notably, phylogenetic metrics are uncorrelated with ecological diversity. Diversity hotspots overlap with land‐use and climate change, and extinctions predicted by IUCN status are unevenly distributed across space, phylogeny or ecological groups. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of taxonomic, ecological and phylogenetic diversity patterns for North American rodents clearly shows the multifaceted nature of biodiversity. Testing for geographic patterns and (in)congruency across dimensions of diversity facilitates investigation into underlying ecological and evolutionary processes. The geographic scope of this analysis suggests that several explicit regional challenges face North American rodent fauna in the future. Simultaneous consideration of multi‐dimensional biodiversity allows us to assess what critical functions or evolutionary history we might lose with future extinctions and maximize the potential of our conservation efforts.
Ternary arithmetic, factorization, and the class number one problem

Ordinary binary multiplication of natural numbers can be generalized in a non-trivial way to a ternary operation by considering discrete volumes of lattice hexagons. With this operation, a natural notion of `3-primality' -- primality with respect to ternary multiplication -- is defined, and it turns out that there are very few 3-primes. They correspond to imaginary quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-n})$, $n>0$, with odd discriminant and whose ring of integers admits unique factorization. We also describe how to determine representations of numbers as ternary products and related algorithms for usual primality testing and integer factorization.
The History and Evolution of Medicine

The current health system is dysfunctional, not adequately serving patients or protecting healthcare providers. The problem is multilayered and can be attributed in part to consolidation of healthcare businesses by pharmacies, insurers, and health delivery systems. The health system within is also disintegrating with less focus on the patient, less time allotted to patient visits, increased time spent with the electronic health record – a billing tool, and uncertainty regarding the evidence base guiding clinical decision-making. To compound the pressures and growing dysfunction, the cost of healthcare delivery in the United States is skyrocketing making this entire complex unsustainable.
Homeless people’s trait mindfulness and their resilience – a mediation test on the role of inner peace and hope

The development of resilience is important for homeless people to maintain health and wellbeing. Personal trait mindfulness has received researchers' burgeoning interest regarding its association w...
A Theory of Proxy Advice when Investors Have Social Goals

This paper studies the conditions under which the proxy advice market helps and hinders corporate governance. A key assumption is that investors are heterogeneous, with some focusing only on returns while others also have nonpecuniary goals, such as environmental sustainability and protection of human rights. Proxy advisory firms compete for business by choosing a scale of production, price, and “slant” of advice. Heterogeneous demand creates pressure for the market to offer an array of advice, but there is a countervailing force: when demand is sufficiently large, suppliers adopt a “platform” technology and consolidate into a natural monopoly. Under conditions that seem empirically relevant, the platform monopolist slants its advice toward the preferences of investors with non-value-maximizing goals, thereby steering corporate elections away from value maximization. We characterize the conditions under which the proxy advice market succeeds and fails, discuss policy reforms that would help it succeed, and develop normative principles for assessing proxy advice when value maximization is not the sole objective of investors.
Determinants of adequate lymph node dissection following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results from the National Cancer Database.

Recent literature has separately identified multiple determinants of the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and adherence to pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) guidelines in the management of non-metastatic bladder cancer. However, such NAC/PLND analyses tend not to account for the other modality, despite the fact that NAC may impact the extent of dissectible lymph nodes. We aimed to determine the predictors of adequate PLND in patients with non-metastatic urothelial muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) following receipt of NAC. We queried the National Cancer Database to identify patients from 2006–2015 with cT2-cT4a/N0M0 urothelial MIBC who underwent RC and were pre-treated with NAC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of undergoing an adequate PLND (defined as > 8 nodes). A total of 1518 patients met the criteria for inclusion (74.4% underwent adequate PLND). Adequate PLND was associated with treatment at an academic research facility (OR 2.762 [95% CI 2.119–3.599], p < 0.001). The likelihood of adequate PLND was significantly decreased in patients of older age (0.607 [0.441–0.835], p = 0.002 for age 70–79 years; 0.459 [0.245–0.860], p = 0.015 for age ≥ 80 years), a Charlson–Deyo score of 1 (0.722 [0.537–0.971], p = 0.031), and those who were uninsured (0.530 [0.292–0.964], p = 0.038). Established predictors of PLND may not necessarily be generalizable to all patients undergoing treatment for bladder cancer. The interplay between PLND and NAC merits further study, particularly in view of recent literature calling into question the survival benefit of PLND in patients pre-treated with NAC.
The outcome range problem in interval linear programming

Abstract Quantifying extra functions, herein referred to as outcome functions, over optimal solutions of an optimization problem can provide decision makers with additional information on a system. This bears more importance when the optimization problem is subject to uncertainty in input parameters. In this paper, we consider linear programming problems where input parameters are described by real-valued intervals, and we address the outcome range problem which is the problem of finding the range of an outcome function over all possible optimal solutions of a linear program with interval data. We give a general definition of the problem and then focus on a special class of it where uncertainty occurs only in the right-hand side of the underlying linear program. We show that our problem is computationally hard to solve and also study some of its theoretical properties. We then develop two approximation methods to solve it: a local search algorithm and a super set based method. We test the methods on a set of randomly generated instances. We also provide a real case study on healthcare access measurement to show the relevance of our problem for reliable decision making.
The Nocturnal Prosimian Colony at the Duke University Primate Center

The Duke University Primate Center (DUPC) in Durham, North Carolina, houses the world’s largest and most diverse collection of nocturnal prosimian primates. The collection includes 12 species which are maintained for the purposes of research, conservation, and education. These species are: aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis) lesser mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus) fat-tailed dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus medius) greater dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus major) Coquerel’s dwarf lemur (Mirza coquereli) slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) pygmy loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) slender loris (Loris tardigradus) potto (Perodicticus potto) Garnett’s galago (Otolemur garnettii) Mohol galago (Galago moholi) Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta)
Sex differences in moral judgements across 67 countries.

Most of the empirical research on sex differences and cultural variations in morality has relied on within-culture analyses or small-scale cross-cultural data. To further broaden the scientific und...
Electronic properties of ultra-thin YCrO3 films

We report on the heteroepitaxial stabilization of YCrO3 ultra-thin films on LSAT (001) substrate. Using a combination of resonant X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and atomic multiplet cluster calculation, the electronic structure of YCrO3 thin film was investigated. Polarization dependent Cr L3,2 edge XAS measurements reveal the presence of x-ray linear dichroism spectrum uncharacteristic of a 3d3 electronic system in an octahedral crystal field. Atomic multiplet calculation demonstrates the critical importance of charge transfer energy, coulomb correlation strength, and hopping interaction in realizing this dichroism spectrum.
Gradient wick channels for enhanced flow boiling HTC and delayed CHF

Abstract Liquid supply to wick structures of flow boiling surfaces is fundamentally restricted by the capillary limit at which the pressure drop of the wicked liquid surpasses texture-amplified capillary forces. Gradient wick structures partially decouple permeability and capillary pressure, thereby delaying the capillary limit. In this study, gradient wick channels facilitating out-of-plane liquid delivery are introduced to postpone the capillary limit and thus enhance the two-phase flow boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and delay critical heat flux (CHF). Here, the permeability of the gradient wick channels is augmented by large-pore-size meshes employed near the bulk fluid while capillary pressure is maximized by small-pore-size meshes utilized near the hot boiling surface. This combination of wick structures enables to preferentially guide the cooling liquid, deionized water, from the far-field cold liquid toward the bottom hot substrate. The spatial distribution of individual gradient wick channels promotes separate liquid-vapor pathways, thus facilitating the vapor escape process. Experiments conducted here reveal that the flow boiling performance metrics of the proposed heat sink leveraging the gradient wick channels outperform those of the homogenous wick channels and solid fin channels. The proposed heat sink demonstrates a strong liquid mass flux dependency due to a combination of convective boiling and amplified wickability effects. The enhanced convective boiling could be related to surface roughness, a high number of active nucleation sites, and a large surface area available through tortuous passages of wick channels. At higher mass flow rates, effective capillary pressure available for out-of-plane wicking action also increases, thereby further boosting the wickability effect and associated heat transfer processes. This could meaningfully delay the CHF. In fact, the CHF limit was not observed on the gradient wick channel surfaces in the mass flux and wall superheat range studied. The experimental results indicated a maximum heat flux of 870 W/cm2 with a gradient wick channel heat sink, a 60% improvement compared with a plain copper surface. Furthermore, a maximum HTC of 1000 kW/m2-K at a wall superheat of 3 °C was observed, a three-fold enhancement compared with that of the plain surface. The proposed gradient wick channel topology offers new pathways for designing innovative surface technologies with high heat removal capabilities, thereby potentially improving the energy economy in myriad modern energy applications.
Gaussian processes meet NeuralODEs: A Bayesian framework for learning the dynamics of partially observed systems from scarce and noisy data.

This paper presents a machine learning framework (GP-NODE) for Bayesian systems identification from partial, noisy and irregular observations of nonlinear dynamical systems. The proposed method takes advantage of recent developments in differentiable programming to propagate gradient information through ordinary differential equation solvers and perform Bayesian inference with respect to unknown model parameters using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling and Gaussian Process priors over the observed system states. This allows us to exploit temporal correlations in the observed data, and efficiently infer posterior distributions over plausible models with quantified uncertainty. Moreover, the use of sparsity-promoting priors such as the Finnish Horseshoe for free model parameters enables the discovery of interpretable and parsimonious representations for the underlying latent dynamics. A series of numerical studies is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed GP-NODE method including predator-prey systems, systems biology, and a 50-dimensional human motion dynamical system. Taken together, our findings put forth a novel, flexible and robust workflow for data-driven model discovery under uncertainty. All code and data accompanying this manuscript are available online at \url{this https URL}.
Organizational Rhetoric as Subjectification

Given arguments that organizational rhetoric is disconnected from contemporary and useful trends in rhetorical theory writ-large, we build a case for rethinking organizational rhetoric’s founding c...
A Thin Fundamental Set for SL(2, Z)

Let $\Gamma=SL(2, \mathbb Z)$ and $G=SL(2, \mathbb R)$. Let $g=kan$ be the Iwasawa decomposition. Let $\epsilon$ be a small positive number. In this paper, we construct a fundamental set $\mathcal F_{\epsilon}$ such that the $k$-component of $ g \in \mathcal F_{\epsilon}$ is within the $\epsilon$-distance from the identity. We further prove an inequality for the $L^2$-norm of functions on $G/\Gamma$.
Blunted Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping and Exaggerated Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Response to a Novel Repetitive Sleep Restriction Challenge

The risk for cardiovascular disease increases with attenuated nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping and an exaggerated morning BP surge. Sleep deprivation has been associated with increased prevale...
Theorizing International Relations: Politics vs. Philosophy

Decentering International Relations. By Meghana Nayak, Eric Selbin. London: Zed Books, 2010. 256 pp., $35.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-1-848-13238-2). International Relations Theory and Philosophy: Interpretive Dialogues. Edited by Cerwyn Moore, Chris Farrands. New York: Routledge, 2010. 240 pp., $140.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0415462266). Scientific Realism and International Relations. Edited by Jonathan Joseph, Colin Wight. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 288 pp., $85.00 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0230240063). Despite the major differences among the theoretical orientations of the contributors, these three books have in common similar political goals both in respect to the discipline and to the world at large. Speaking from the relative margins of International Relations (IR), all three books aim to rethink meta-theoretical issues related to the discipline in order to (ultimately) bring consequences of domination in the international system into better focus. In that sense, all three books could be thought of as part of a growing critique of mainstream epistemologies of IR theory as enablers of status quo and privilege within world politics. Each of the contributors to these three volumes would agree that philosophical debates are also political. However, that is where the similarities end. As inclined as the mainstream is to dismiss all critical approaches together as birds of a feather, there are some fundamental disagreements in that group as to what exactly is wrong with the traditional approaches in IR. There are also significant differences in how each of these books presents its agenda, and how tolerant each worldview contained in these volumes is of alternative critiques of the mainstream. In fact, the juxtaposition of these three books together raises very interesting questions about the best way to stage a theoretical critique of IR from the periphery. Therefore, in this review, I will attempt to engage with the politics of theorizing as well as the substance of each theoretical argument. The first book, Decentering International Relations , by Meghana Nayak and Eric Selbin, is most open about its political agenda vis-a-vis the discipline, as is clear from the title. Nayak and Selbin argue that IR as a field of study is centered around a geographical focus on the global North/West. This geographical focus leads the discipline to privilege certain projects …
Thinking About Gödel And Turing: Essays on Complexity, 1970-2007

Dr Gregory Chaitin, one of the world s leading mathematicians, is best known for his discovery of the remarkable number, a concrete example of irreducible complexity in pure mathematics which shows that mathematics is infinitely complex. In this volume, Chaitin discusses the evolution of these ideas, tracing them back to Leibniz and Borel as well as Gdel and Turing. This book contains 23 non-technical papers by Chaitin, his favorite tutorial and survey papers, including Chaitin's three Scientific American articles. These essays summarize a lifetime effort to use the notion of program-size complexity or algorithmic information content in order to shed further light on the fundamental work of Gdel and Turing on the limits of mathematical methods, both in logic and in computation. Chaitin argues here that his information-theoretic approach to metamathematics suggests a quasi-empirical view of mathematics that emphasizes the similarities rather than the differences between mathematics and physics. He also develops his own brand of digital philosophy, which views the entire universe as a giant computation, and speculates that perhaps everything is discrete software, everything is 0's and 1's. Chaitin's fundamental mathematical work will be of interest to philosophers concerned with the limits of knowledge and to physicists interested in the nature of complexity.
The Digital Signal Processing Handbook

Now available in a three-volume set, this updated and expanded edition of the bestselling The Digital Signal Processing Handbook continues to provide the engineering community with authoritative coverage of the fundamental and specialized aspects of information-bearing signals in digital form. Encompassing essential background material, technical details, standards, and software, the second edition reflects cutting-edge information on signal processing algorithms and protocols related to speech, audio, multimedia, and video processing technology associated with standards ranging from WiMax to MP3 audio, low-power/high-performance DSPs, color image processing, and chips on video. Drawing on the experience of leading engineers, researchers, and scholars, the three-volume set contains 29 new chapters that address multimedia and internet technologies, tomography, radar systems, architecture, standards, and future applications in speech, acoustics, video, radar, and telecommunications. This volume, Wireless, Networking, Radar, Sensor Array Processing, and Nonlinear Signal Processing, provides complete coverage of the foundations of signal processing related to wireless, radar, spacetime coding, and mobile communications, together with associated applications to networking, storage, and communications.
Seascape as an organizing principle for evaluating walrus and seal sea-ice habitat in Beringia

[1] The term “seascape”, as used here, relates the natural history of ice-dependent pinnipeds to their sea-ice environments at different spatial scales, following concepts of landscape ecology. Habitats are characterized by heterogeneous but repeatable structures of sea ice. As an example, multiple mesoscale (3–50 km) seascapes present conditions for different ecological preferences of five Beringian ice-dependent pinnipeds, as observed during 2006–2009 winter-spring icebreaker cruises. Seascape partitioning concepts are important for understanding and projecting species' responses to change under climate-change scenarios.