cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Treasury of Metaphysics and the Physical World

Most modern analytic philosophers have ignored works of Indian philosophy such as Vasubandhu's ‘Treasury of Metaphysics’. This neglect is unjustified. The account of the nature of the physical world given in the ‘Treasury’ is a one-category ontology of dharmas, which are simple, momentary tropes. They include bade physical tropes, the most fundamental level of the physical world, as well as higher-level tropes, including sensible properties such as colours, which are known as derived form. I argue that the relationship between the basic physical tropes and derived form is one of supervenience. Vasubandhu's theory is a powerful and flexible one, which can be adapted so as to be consistent with modern science.
GENESIS OF A NOVEL HUMAN SEQUENCE FROM THE PROTAMINE PRM1 GENE

The members of the male haploid expressed protamine 1 (PRM1)-->protamine 2 (PRM2)-->transition protein 2 (TNP2) locus exist as a single, coordinately expressed genic domain. Previous analysis has revealed that the genes within the human PRM1-->PRM2-->TNP2 domain are inter-related, as they share significant sequence similarity at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Analysis described here supports the view that a fourth candidate coding region, gene4/Prm3, was derived from PRM1 during the genesis of the PRM1-->PRM2-->TNP2 domain. In some species, gene4 has diverged to a great extent, which can limit its expression.
Semicontinuous flow electroporation chip for high-throughput transfection on mammalian cells.

We have recently developed a semicontinuous flow electroporation (SFE) device for in vitro DNA delivery. Cells mixed with plasmid DNA continuously flowed through a serpentine channel, the side walls of which also serving as electrodes. With the use of pWizGFP plasmid and K562 cells as a model system, SFE showed better transgene expression (10−15%) compared to a commercial electroporation system. Quantitative results via MTS assay also revealed a 50% or higher cell viability. Similar observations were also found with pWizGFP transfection to mouse embryonic stem cells. Such improvements were attributed to less gas formation and Joule heating in SFE.
Surgical Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), a thyroid malignoma arising from the parafollicular or C cells of the thyroid gland, accounts for about 7% of all thyroid cancers and about 17% of all thyroid cancer deaths.
LABORATORY-SCALE STUDY OF FIELD-OF-VIEW AND THE SEISMIC INTERPRETATION OF FRACTURE SPECIFIC STIFFNESS

The effects of the scale of measurement, i.e., the field of view, on the interpretation of fracture properties from seismic wave propagation was investigated using an acoustic lens system to produce a pseudo-collimated wavefront. The incident wavefront had a controllable beam diameter that set the field of view at 15 mm, 30 mm and 60 mm. On a smaller scale, traditional acoustic scans were used to probe the fracture in 2 mm increments. This laboratory approach was applied to two limestone samples, each containing a single induced fracture and compared to an acrylic control sample. From the analysis of the average coherent sum of the signals measured on each scale, we observed that the scale of the field of view affected the interpretation of the fracture specific stiffness. Many small-scale measurements of the seismic response of a fracture, when summed, did not predict the large-scale response of the fracture. The change from a frequency-independent to frequency-dependent fracture stiffness occurs when the scale of the field of view exceeds the spatial correlation length associated with fracture geometry. A frequency-independent fracture specific stiffness is not sufficient to classify a fracture as homogeneous. A nonuniform spatial distribution of fracture specific stiffness and overlapping geometric scales in a fracture cause a scale-dependent seismic response, which requires measurements at different field of views to fully characterize the fracture.
Application of multiple index development approaches to benthic invertebrate data from the Virginian Biogeographic Province, USA

Abstract Previous work had indicated that the Virginian Province Index did not perform well in a smaller estuarine complex. While it was hoped that the existing Chesapeake Bay Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity, with its greater number of metrics and habitat separation would be more adaptable, this index also did not perform well outside of Chesapeake Bay. In this study we assembled additional metrics and applied different methods of index compilation to explore the indices relative strengths and weaknesses. Three different approaches were utilized – two multimetric indices (Chesapeake Bay IBI and the Mebane IBI) and a statistical logistic regression technique. The data were subdivided by habitat (salinity and grain size), and indices compiled using the same initial group of benthic metrics. Each approach was examined for its classification accuracy for both reference and impaired sites for the entire Virginian Province. The Chesapeake Bay IBI approach did not perform well in this study. In contrast, another multimetric approach, the Mebane IBI approach, performed well, as did the statistical logistic regression approach. Both techniques have promise for index development and could be useful in applying a biological condition gradient to estuaries.
The Emergence and Role of Common Interest Groups in Secondary Information.

Four common interest groups, whose members are organizations engaged in some aspect of secondary information activity, are examined in terms of the circumstances giving rise to their formation; a historical profile of each is included. Specifically, the International Council of Scientific Unions Abstracting Board (ICSUAB), the National Federation of Abstracting and Indexing Services (NFAIS), the Information Industry Association (IIA), and the Association of Information and Dissemination Centers (ASIDIC) are discussed. These groups have played crucial roles in the development of an American information awareness, in influencing the direction taken by this segment of the information community, and in affecting the economic growth of hundreds of organizations.
Duodenal Atresia, Biliary Atresia, and Intestinal Infarct in Truncal Aplasia Cutis Congenita

A newborn boy with aplasia cutis congenita had biliary atresia, distal duodenal atresia, and a severe infarct of the intestine resulting in complete absence of the entire midgut. The boy died due to biliary atresia and severe short gut syndrome approximately 3 weeks after birth. While the association of duodenal atresia with aplasia cutis congenita has been described, the findings of biliary atresia and midgut atresia in association with aplasia cutis congenita have not been described previously.
Performance analysis of four routing protocols in sensor networks

The efficiency of sensor networks strongly depends on the routing protocol used. In this paper, we analyse four different types of routing protocols: LEACH, PEGASIS, HIT-M, and DIRECT. Sensor networks were simulated using TOSSIM simulator. Several experiments were conducted to analyse the performance of these protocols including the power consumption and overall network performance. The experimental results show that HIT-M outperforms all other protocols while PEGASIS has better performance than LEACH and DIRECT. LEACH and DIRECT have similar performance. This paper also shows the power consumption for all protocols. On the average, DIRECT has the worst power consumption.
Properties of a clonal muscle cell line from rat heart.

Abstract A clonal cell line exhibiting many of the properties of skeletal muscle has been derived from embryonic BDIX rat heart tissue. Multinucleated myotubes, formed by fusion of mononucleated myoblasts, simultaneously contract and produce regenerative action potentials in response to electrical stimulation or iontophoretic application of acetylcholine. The acetylcholine response is inhibited by 1−3 × 10 −7 M d -tubocurarine, 10 −7 g/ml α-neurotoxin or 1 × 10 −4 M atropine. The specific activities of the enzymes myokinase and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) increase 3-fold and 20-fold, respectively, after myotube formation, but only CPK activity parallels the extent of fusion. Exponentially dividing myoblasts synthesize a predominantly brain-type CPK isoenzyme while fused myotubes synthesize a muscle type CPK isoenzyme. Electron microscopic analysis reveals that the myotubes contain elaborately branched tubular systems and numerous bundles of thick filaments with distinct M-bands. Some of the thick filament bundles are associated with thin filaments and organized into sarcomere-like structures with faint Z-regions, but no distinct Z-bands are observed.
Decoupling Substrate Stiffness, Spread Area, and Micropost Density: A Close Spatial Relationship between Traction Forces and Focal Adhesions

Mechanical cues can influence the manner in which cells generate traction forces and form focal adhesions. The stiffness of a cell’s substrate and the available area on which it can spread can influence its generation of traction forces, but to what extent these factors are intertwined is unclear. In this study, we used microcontact printing and micropost arrays to control cell spreading, substrate stiffness, and post density to assess their effect on traction forces and focal adhesions. We find that both the spread area and the substrate stiffness influence traction forces in an independent manner, but these factors have opposite effects: cells on stiffer substrates produce higher average forces, whereas cells with larger spread areas generate lower average forces. We show that post density influences the generation of traction forces in a manner that is more dominant than the effect of spread area. Additionally, we observe that focal adhesions respond to spread area, substrate stiffness, and post density in a manner that closely matches the trends seen for traction forces. This work supports the notion that traction forces and focal adhesions have a close relationship in their response to mechanical cues.
Grafting genetically modified cells to the damaged brain: restorative effects of NGF expression

Fibroblasts were genetically modified to secrete nerve growth factor (NGF) by infection with a retroviral vector and then implanted into the brains of rats that had surgical lesions of the fimbria-fornix. The grafted cells survived and produced sufficient NGF to prevent the degeneration of cholinergic neurons that would die without treatment. In addition, the protected cholinergic cells sprouted axons that projected in the direction of the cellular source of NGF. These results indicate that a combination of gene transfer and intracerebral grafting may provide an effective treatment for some disorders of the central nervous system.
SmartBricks: A Visual Environment to Design and Explore Novel Custom Domain-Specific Architectures

Custom domain-specific architectures are very promising for creating designs that are highly optimized to the needs of a particular application domain. However, it is extremely difficult to find optimal tradeoffs in designing a new architecture, or even to fully understand the design space. Therefore, there is a great need to develop an optimum design framework that allows designers to explore the design space efficiently and identify efficient architectures quickly for an application domain. In this paper, we describe SmartBricks, a highly visual design environment that we have developed for designing and exploring custom domain-specific architectures quickly and efficiently. This game-like design environment will be accessible to a broad community so that even non-engineers and non-scientists can contribute to building and exploring out-of-the-box architectural designs.
Analysis of a nonlinear beam in contact with a foundation

The paper investigates the contact between a nonlinear dynamic Gao beam and a rigid or reactive foundation. The contact is modeled with the normal compliance condition for the deformable foundation and with the Signorini condition for the rigid foundation. The existence and uniqueness of the weak solution for the problem with normal compliance are obtained. The solution of the Signorini condition for the rigid foundation is obtained by passing to the limit when the normal compliance approaches infinity.
Growth of cinnabar (HgS) from sodium sulfide-sulfur fluxes

Abstract Cinnabar (hexagonal HgS) can be grown below the 344 °C phase transition in the temperature range of 250 to 330°C from low- melting Na 2 S-sulfur fluxes. Growth is obtained in pyrex containers in a nitrogen atmosphere with a flux composition approximately 0.2 HgS, 0.6 S, 0.2 Na 2 S. Both a dendritic and a domal habit are observed. Typical crystal sizes are in the range of 1–5 mm.
A library of large-scale surface patterns induced by flame on elastomers

We present a new method for the generation of large-scale micro/nanoscale patterns by inducing flame on elastomers. A variety of patterns can be predictably generated by varying the stretching/bending strain direction, strain strength on elastomers, stencil mask geometry, or by using multi-step transfer and stretching.
Interactions of human von Willebrand factor with a hydrophobic self-assembled monolayer studied by atomic force microscopy.

Human von Willebrand Factor (vWF) was studied by atomic force microscopy under physiologic buffer on a hydrophobic octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer. The self-assembled monolayer deposited on glass was sufficiently smooth (root mean square roughness = 0.25 ± 0.12 nm) to permit identification of adsorbed vWF. Adhesion of the protein to the hydrophobic substrate was sufficient to allow repeated scanning by the atomic force microscope probe, and images of vWF on a submolecular scale were obtained. The frictional force between the surface and the protein was sufficient to withstand an applied lateral force of 19 nN. This result shows that vWF experiences strong interaction with a hydrophobic surface in aqueous media. Statistical analysis of adsorbed vWF shows that the protein is composed of large globular domains with elliptical cross sections of average dimensions 56 ± 24 nm (major axis) 26 ± 19 nm (minor axis), and 2.8 ± 1.0 nm (height). Further analysis of the major axis dimension shows that the molecular chain of vWF contains two statistically different populations of domain size. However, no sequence order of the different population of domains within the individual molecule was found. On the basis of our analysis of the globular domains, we present a model describing the three-dimensional structure of vWF protomer adsorbed on a hydrophobic surface in a physiologic solution. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Renal involvement in tuberous sclerosis complex and von Hippel–Lindau disease: shared disease mechanisms?

Tuberous sclerosis complex and von Hippel–Lindau disease are distinct autosomal dominant tumor suppressor syndromes that are characterized by solid and cystic renal lesions. The products of the affected genes are linked in an intricate pathway that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and vascular supply. This Review examines the phenotypic overlap between the diseases in the context of their pathophysiologic similarities, outlines the optimal management of both conditions, and highlights promising future pharmacologic interventions. Tuberous sclerosis complex and von Hippel–Lindau disease are distinct autosomal dominant tumor suppressor syndromes that can exhibit similar renal phenotypes and seem to share some signaling pathway components. Similarities exist in the current clinical management of, and the newly identified potential therapeutic approaches for, these conditions. This Review summarizes the pathophysiologic and therapeutic overlap between tuberous sclerosis complex and von Hippel–Lindau disease and highlights the results of recent drug trials in these settings.
On further study of the origin of cube texture in FCC metals

Presentation d'un programme de recherche sur l'origine de la texture cubique utilisant des bicristaux de Al et Cu
Effects of Co substitution on the magnetic and microstructural properties of melt-spun Pr/sub 7/Tb/sub 1/Fe/sub 87-x/Co/sub x/Nb/sub 0.5/Zr/sub 0.5/B/sub 4/ nanocomposites

The magnetic and microstructural properties of melt-spun Pr/sub 7/Tb/sub 1/Fe/sub 87-x/Co/sub x/Nb/sub 0.5/Zr/sub 0.5/B/sub 4/ (x = 0,10,20,30) nanocomposites have been investigated. Optimum magnetic properties are found with coercivity H/sub c/ = 6.84 kOe and (BH)/sub m/ = 11.8 MGOe in the sample of Pr/sub 7/Tb/sub 1/Fe/sub 87/Nb/sub 0.5/Zr/sub 5/B/sub 4/. For the samples with x = 10, 20, and 30, both the coercivity and the energy product decrease. The main reason for this deterioration is the decrease in the anisotropy of 2 : 14 : 1 phase and the changing morphology of /spl alpha/-Fe and 2 : 14 : 1 phases. Co also increases the Curie temperature of all the phases present, including the hard and soft phases.
When does dissonance fail? The time dimension in attitude measurement.

Summary Results of previous research dealing with the effect of differential monetary reinforcement (for the composition of a counterattitudinal essay) upon attitude change have been contradictory Cohen (1962), for example, discovered a negative relationship between reinforcement and attitude change, results consistent with dissonance theory expectations, Rosenberg (1965) explained these findings in terms of evaluation apprehension and, eliminating this factor through the spatial and temporal separation of the conflict-induction, attitude-measurement sections of his experiment, obtained a positive relationship In the present study, an attempt was made to integrate these findings through the systematic variation of the time lag between conflict arousal and attitude measurement, a variable on which the Cohen and Rosenberg studies differed Consistent with the hypothesis, the present research disclosed a dissonance effect (p < 03) in the immediate measurement condition and a reinforcement effect (p < 002) with delayed attitude measurement. These results were employed in a discussion of the complex nature of human conceptual functioning
Cardiovascular response to a mentally stressful stimulus.

The purpose of this study was to investigate multivariable cardiovascular responses to a non-mathematical mental task. Fiftytwo subjects, 8 to 69 years of age, were monitored at rest and while attempting to solve a Raven's matrix test without prodding or pressure from the experimentors. Adults (≥18 years) had higher blood pressures (BP) and longer pre-ejection periods (PEP) at rest than did the children. Women had higher resting heart rates (HR) than men. The task induced significant increases in systolic and diastolic BP and HR in adults and children, with the adults exhibiting larger BP responses. During the stressful stimulus significant decreases in left ventricular ejection time occurred in men and women, and significant increases in forearm blood flow occurred in men. The stability in PEP during the stressful period when both BP and HR were increased is evidence of enhanced contractility brought on by the stress. In general, men and women responded similarly. Thus, even a mild, non-mathematical stress of short duration elicits the multiple cardiovascular responses, including increases in BP, HR, muscle blood flow, and contractility, which are observed with more threatening tasks.
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye (Secale cereale L.) allelochemical in field soils byAcinetobacter calcoaceticus: III.

Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone (BOA) to 2,2′-oxo-1,1′-azobenzene (AZOB). Experiments were conducted to evaluate the transformation of BOA to AZOB by this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. Transformation studies with soils inoculated withA. calcoaceticus indicated that the production of AZOB increased linearly with the concentration of BOA in sterile soil and showed a quadratic trend in nonsterile soils. This also indicated that all soil types studied for the transformation experiments might containA. calcoaceticus capable of the conversion of benzoxazolinones.
Lymphatic network of kidney. I. Anatomic and physiologic considerations.

Abstract A small number of investigators, including our team, has been responsible during the past two decades for many studies focusing on the kidney lymphatics. Interesting new information and concepts have been published, but unfortunately some of these data are scattered in obscure journals. The major purpose of this, and three subsequent reviews, is to present these new concepts in a more organized fashion. The reviews will also allow our group an opportunity to emphasize physiologic principles which have been ignored in the past. In a future review we will emphasize the role of the immunoblast, found only in kidney lymph and responsible for rejecting the renal allograft. Azathioprine (Imuran), if given early and in adequate dosage, will reduce the role of these transformed lymphocytes. Still another review article will emphasize the importance of renal tissue concentrations of antibacterials in eradicating acute pyelonephritis. Blood and urine levels of antibiotics are also important in eradicating pyelonephritis. Since renal lymph represents interstitial fluid, the concentration of appropriate bacteria-sensitive antibacterials is probably more important. We have now evaluated fourteen antibacterials individually in the mongrel dog, comparing plasma, urine, and renal lymph levels during similar time intervals. Finally, we will review the role of diuretics in altering the interstitial gradient of various solutes. Osmotic diuretics or more potent diuretics which affect renal tubular reabsorption manifest their action by different means when renal lymph fluid is evaluated.
Mass spectral metabonomics beyond elemental formula: chemical database querying by matching experimental with computational fragmentation spectra.

Despite recent advances in NMR and mass spectrometry, the structural identification of organic compounds in complex biofluids remains a significant analytical challenge. For mass spectroscopy applications, chemical identification is generally limited to determination of elemental formula. Here we test the hypothesis that unknown chemical structures can be determined by matching their experimental collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation spectra with computational fragmentation spectra of compounds retrieved from chemical databases. The monoisotopic molecular weights (MIMW ± 10 ppm) of 102 “test” compounds were used to download 102 “bins” from the PubChem database. Each bin contained the corresponding test compound and, on average, 272 other candidate compounds, including 158 compounds having the same elemental formula as the test compound. Commercially available software was used to generate fragmentation spectra for all compounds in each of the 102 bins. Experimental CID spectra for each of the...
PRATHAM: A power delivery-aware and thermal-aware mapping framework for parallel embedded applications on 3D MPSoCs

In emerging 3D-ICs, thermal hotspots and high IR-drops in the power delivery network (PDN) can significantly limit overall system performance. The high core counts required to support parallel embedded applications in these 3D-ICs also notably increases communication energy. As inter-core communication patterns, IR-drop distributions, and 3D thermal profiles all influence system performance and power, it is critical that a system-level application mapping framework consider their combined effect. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a system-level parallel embedded application allocation framework (PRATHAM) that integrates a holistic solution evaluation methodology while considering the impact of network-on-chip (NoC) communication, drops in supply voltage, and the on-chip thermal profile on overall system performance, and co-optimizes on-chip IR-drop, thermal, and communication profiles, for improved overall system performance and lower energy consumption. Our experimental results indicate that PRATHAM reduces energy-delay-squared product (ED 2 P) by up to 43.6% over recently proposed PDN-aware and thermal-aware 3D-mapping frameworks, respectively.
896 SYMPATHETIC CONTROL OF THE FETAL ENDOCRINE PANCREAS: A KEY TO NEONATAL ADAPTATION

Adrenergic (ADR) agonists, with or without α (phentolamine) or β (propranolol-P) blockers were infused to the chronically cannulated sheep fetus in the third trimester, in order to test the hypothesis that ADR mechanisms are responsible for the characteristic surge in glucagon (IRG), fall in insulin (IRI) and stabilization of blood glucose (G) following birth. 5 to 7 animals comprised each series. With epinephrine (EPI) 6 μg/min, IRG rose from 75±8 pg/ml to 219±45 pg/ml at 60 min (p<0.01), IRI fell from 23±2 uU/ml to 13±3 uU/ml (p<0.05) and G rose from 14±4 mg/dl to 42±10 mg/dl (p<0.02). P alone for 45 min did not alter basal IRG or G, but IRI fell from 20±3 to 11±4 uU/ml. However, P markedly inhibited the response to EPI; peak IRG was 96±8, peak G 24±2 while IRI fell to 8±3. Qualitatively similar but markedly attenuated changes in IRG, G and IRI occurred with EPI 0.1 μg/Kg/min. With NOR-EPI 2 μg/min, IRG was unchanged, IRI fell by 12±4 uU/ml, (p<0.02) and G rose by 8±2 mg/dl (p<0.02). Phentolamine alone augmented IRI from 18±3 to 38±5 uU/ml (p<0.02), without a change in IRG or G; with addition of NOR-EPI the rise in G was prevented and no further change in IRI or IRG was seen. Conclusions: 1) Appropriate ADR modulation of IRG, IRI, and G responses are established in the third trimester; 2) spontaneously occurring patterns in IRG, IRI, and G after birth can be simulated by EPI in utero; 3) spontaneous EPI secretion may be a key signal for neonatal energy adaptations that involve pancreatic hormones.
A rapid inversion technique for transient electromagnetic soundings

Abstract Interpreting electromagnetic (EM) data is difficult because responses of three-dimensional (3-D) models of the Earth are complicated and expensive to calculate. To simplify interpretation we developed an approximate method based on the behavior of transient currents in a layered-Earth model to estimate the variation of resistivity with depth beneath a controlled-source EM survey. Responses measured in the vicinity of each source are approximately matched at each delay time by the magnetic field of a current filament in free space. This filament, which moves downward with time, is an image of the loop or grounded-wire transmitter used in the survey. A continuous resistivity profile with depth is estimated from the velocity of the filament. Our inverse solution is simple and rapid, and provides meaningful interpretations even when the measured responses are contaminated by random or geological noise. Although overshoots in the estimated resistivity profile and a spatial smearing of the zones of anomalous conductivity can occur, our technique seems to be less biased by 3-D effects than is computer-intensive, layered-Earth model fitting using constrained nonlinear optimization. This is because we do not artificially parameterize the Earth into a finite number of layers. In a direct comparison using the two techniques to interpret a set of field data from a geothermal site, we find that certain features of the interpreted models are similar, and thus probably essential, while others are not. Given the inherent ambiguities and ubiquitous bias in EM inversion, the smoothed resistivity profile produced by the approximate scheme often is adequate.
Quest for Power: Oppositional Movements and Post-Congress Politics in Uttar Pradesh

Setting the analysis in a broader trajectory of change in Indian society and politics, this book explores the growth of the oppositional politics of farmers, other Backward Classes and Hindulva in Utta Pradesh and its majoritarian reformulation that contributed to the decimation of the Congress Party in the 1980s.
Using Multiple Measures to Evaluate Positive Behavior Support: A Case Example

In recent years, calls to expand the criteria by which behavior support efforts are evaluated have increased. Success is now said to depend on outcomes that transcend a reduction in the occurrence ...
Perfluorocarbon emulsions: one approach to intravenous artificial respiratory gas transport.

The viral infectious risks of allogeneic transfusion have recently been reduced (1). This is due to changes in viral marker testing along with surrogate risk testing using a number of biochemical tests. These data have been widely heralded with comments that the blood supply is now the safest it has ever been. This may be true; however, these data are reported from one study only and a wide range of risks associated with blood transfusion exist that will not be changed by reducing viral transmission. These risks include ABO and Rh incompatibility, graft versus host disease, volume overload, and immunosuppression leading to increased secondary infection or solid tumor recurrence. Therefore, even though viral transmission is less troublesome today than it was 5 years ago, allogeneic blood transfusion carries significant risks. For many years physicians have searched for ways to circumvent those risks. The development of safe, more efficacious, and cost effective oxygen transport medias are being investigated.
Environment-induced deformation localization during transgranular stress corrosion cracking

Abstract The nucleation and evolution of deformation patterns occurring during transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) were studied in an attempt to produce new alternatives for addressing the nature of the embrittlement process. Flat, tensile α-brass (72% Cu-28% Zn) specimens were tested in 5 M aqueous ammonia (NH4OH) solution at a strain rate of 1 × 10−5/s. Slip-band spacing (SBS) and slip-band height (SBH) were measured as a function of strain by conducting interrupted experiments in the SCC environment and were compared with those developed during laboratory air experiments. The presence of the TGSCC-causing environment during straining promoted localized plastic deformation at the near-surface region and, more importantly, produced an entirely different deformation pattern from that developed in laboratory air. The deformation evolved in the presence of the TGSCC electrolyte was highly localized, exhibiting small SBS but large SBH. Also, a periodicity was exhibited by the crack initiation pro...
Inelastic Proton Scattering in Medium-Weight Elements

Measurements were made of the energy distribution of emitted protons from nuclear reactions induced by protons of various energies between 11 and 23 Mev in elements of atomic number 22 to 30. At intermediate energies, the spectrum shows two maxima; there is strong evidence that the low-energy maximum is due either to "second protons," or to simultaneous emission of two particles. Measurements of nuclear temperatures at 18 Mev are strongly distorted by these effects. At lower bombarding energies, the low-energy contribution may be subtracted off, and distortion of the high-energy part of the spectra by direct ejection is not large, so that the statistical theory of nuclear reactions may be studied. Values obtained for the level density parameter $a$ are independent of the energy of the emitted particle, independent of bombarding energy, slowly varying with atomic weight, and consistent with values obtained from neutron-induced reactions. But when these values are used to calculate cross sections for ($n, p$) and ($p, {p}^{\ensuremath{'}}$) reactions, it is found that protons are emitted with excessive probability in the latter. Some possible explanations for this are discussed.
EVALUATION OF TOMATO CANNING PRACTICES USING FLAME STERILIZATION

To compensate for variations in canning practices, canned acid foods are systematically overprocessed to assure commercial sterility. For maximum yield and quality, common processing variables such as fill weight, headspace, consistency of covering medium and vacuum conditions should be standardized and controlled so that overprocessing can be minimized. It was found, for example, that in terms of integrated sterilizing values (I.S.27212), process lethality can decrease 30–40% when tomato fill weights in 303 × 406 cans increase from 7 to 15 oz. Evaluation of fruit condition showed that firm tomatoes can achieve 36% higher lethality than soft tomatoes for the same amount of energy input. Approximately 40 rpm (can) appeared to be most suitable for the flame processing of tomatoes packed in juice into 303 × 406 cans. By operating the commercial flame sterilizer at full capacity, a significant increase in internal can temperature can be achieved.
Photobioelectrochemistry: Solar Energy Conversion and Biofuel Production with Photosynthetic Catalysts

Photobioelectrochemical cells are devices which have been developed over the past few decades and use photosynthetic catalysts for solar energy conversion or biofuel production. In this paper, a critical review of reported photobioelectrochemical systems is presented. The systems discussed include several types of photobioelectrocatalysts: whole cells, organelles, and enzymes. Special attention is paid to power or product generation as well as immobilization and electron transfer strategies used. The issues that need to be addressed in order for such systems to compete with current technologies are also discussed. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0651410jes] All rights reserved.
The preoperative evaluation form: assessment of quality from one hundred thirty-eight institutions and recommendations for a high-quality form

Abstract Study Objective: T o develop a rating system to evaluate the preoperative evaluation form in three categories: informational content, ease of use, and ease of reading; to analyze forms contributed by the Association of Anesthesia Clinical Directors; to offer an example of a more optimal form; and interest practitioners in evaluating the quality of their evaluation forms. Setting: University medical center. Design/Measurements: The informational content of the forms was graded by a rating system developed to give a score based on the importance of the data to anesthesia management and legal documentation. Based on the amount of informational content, the forms were grouped into categories ranging from severely deficient to excellent. The ease of use and ease of reading were determined by specific criteria. Main Results: 138 forms were analyzed. The mean ± SD information score was 265 ± 41, with a range of 140 to 333 (maximum score possible=363). Fifteen percent of the forms were considered severely deficient to substandard whereas 52% were deemed very good to excellent. A large proportion of forms omitted at least one essential information item. Twelve percent and 6% were labeled poor with regard to ease of use and ease of reading, respectively. Academic centers performed significantly better in the content and ease of use of their forms compared to those from private centers. Conclusions: A good preoperative evaluation form is an important tool in the anesthetic management of a patient and plays a significant role in the medical legal arena. We found that a surprisingly high percentage of forms are missing important information. A form that contains all of the information and also meets our ease of use and reading standards was developed and offered as an example.
A Resonance-Induced Sensitivity Enhancement Method for Conductivity Sensors

We demonstrated in this paper a novel technique named resonance-induced sensitivity enhancement (RISE) method to be used for significantly improving the sensitivity of a variety of conductivity sensing devices. The technique works by introducing a parallel inductor to the conductivity sensor cell and operating the sensor system at the resonant frequency of its equivalent circuit model. At the resonant frequency, parasitic capacitances that are either in series or in parallel with the target conductance can be virtually removed from the equivalent circuit and therefore a much higher sensitivity to the target conductance is obtained. In a specific example, the sensitivity of a microchip capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detector (C4D) can be improved by more than 10,000 times.
EFFECTS OF ELEVATION AND GENETIC INTROGRESSION ON GROWTH OF COLORADO RIVER CUTTHROAT TROUT

Inland populations of cutthroat trout have suffered dramatic declines and some subspecies are consid- ered threatened or endangered. Understanding patterns of variation and factors that influence life history in populations is important for conservation and management. We determined effects of elevation, sex, and genetic introgression (with Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) on growth rates of Colorado River cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii pleuriticus) in the Sheep Creek drainage in the Uinta Mountains of Utah. In this high-elevation system, native trout grew slowly and matured relatively late. Elevation, sex, and genetic introgression all had significant effects on growth rates. Growth rates were lower at higher elevations. Males were slightly larger than females, and cutthroat trout in locations that were more introgressed grew faster than those at nonin- trogressed locations. Both abiotic effects and effects of introduced salmonids must be addressed in long-term manage- ment programs to ensure the sustainability of native trout populations.
Subclavian artery stenosis: A review for the vascular medicine practitioner

Peripheral artery disease assessment typically focuses on the evaluation of lower extremity symptoms and physical findings. Few practitioners consider the importance of upper extremity arterial disease; which, besides causing hand and arm symptoms, can be associated with significant neurologic and cardiac sequelae. A review of the existing literature through PubMed using the search term 'subclavian stenosis' was performed. The latest original articles, including clinical studies, case reports and limited reviews of this topic were adapted. A comprehensive article review focusing on the diagnostic and treatment approach for subclavian stenosis was prepared. In conclusion, vascular medicine practitioners including cardiologists and vascular surgeons caring for patients with arterial disease should routinely assess for subclavian stenosis. There are excellent screening tools and effective medical therapies which can be instituted if diagnosed early. When the need for revascularization arises, percutaneous modalities are favored given their proven long-term efficacy, decreased morbidity and mortality, and cost-effectiveness.
Local to Global: The Importance of State-Level Journals to Library Literature

While the publishing needs of many state library associations are comfortably served by newsletters and Web sites, a number of state library associations produce major library journals that serve readers beyond their state membership. The author interviewed the editors of five state association journals: Alki: The Washington Library Association Journal, Colorado Libraries, North Carolina Libraries, Texas Library Journal, and Virginia Libraries. The editors were asked to comment on the role, challenges, and future of state-level library journals.
The performance of a direct-sequence spread ultrawideband system in the presence of multipath, narrowband interference, and multiuser interference

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, typically characterized by the transmission of very short impulses, is, by its nature, a spread spectrum system. However, it can also be combined with more traditional spread spectrum techniques, like CDMA to improve the multiple access capability. Much of the published research to date has focused primarily on the use of time-hopping, but direct sequence spreading could also be used with UWB waveforms. This paper characterizes the performance of a direct sequence (DS) UWB system in the presence of multipath and "narrowband" interference (NBI), and shows the importance of the spreading code design and potential sensitivity to certain forms of narrowband interference (NBI).
Canine Influenza Virus Replicates in Alveolar Macrophages and Induces TNF-α

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a recently emergent pathogen of dogs that has caused highly contagious respiratory disease in racing Greyhounds, pet dogs, and shelter animals. Initial characterizations of CIV-induced respiratory disease suggested alveolar macrophages may be susceptible to virus infection. To investigate the role of the alveolar macrophage in the pathogenesis of CIV infection, primary alveolar macrophages were inoculated with CIV and studied from 0 to 48 hours later. Virus titers in alveolar macrophage culture supernatants increased significantly (P < .05, n = 7) from 3 to 24 hours following virus inoculation. Virus matrix gene expression was significantly increased (P < .05, n = 14) at 3, 6, and 12 hours after inoculation, peaking at 6,445-fold the level of RNA detectable immediately following inoculation. Virus-inoculated macrophages demonstrated significantly (P < .05, n = 5) decreased viability (30% trypan blue positive) by 12 hours after inoculation compared with mock-inoculated cells...
Maturity Method Evaluated for Various Cementitious Materials

The maturity method accounts for the effect of curing temperature on the strength development of well-cured and consolidated concrete. This paper describes an investigation of the accuracy of the maturity method to estimate the strength when different cementitious systems are used. Mortar cubes, made from Type I cement and various replacement levels of Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, and ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, were cured at isothermal curing temperatures of 8, 23, and 40°C. The amount of long-term strength reduction, due to curing at high temperatures compared with curing at room temperature, is influenced by the type of cementitious system used in the concrete mixture. Based on the strength results of these mortar cubes and the procedure outlined in ASTM C 1074, datum temperature and activation energy values were determined for these cementitious systems. The ability of the equivalent age maturity method to accurately estimate the strength is significantly influenced by the composition of the cementitious material system.
Formation of Highly Aligned Grooves on Inner Surface of Semipermeable Hollow Fiber Membrane for Directional Axonal Outgrowth

It is generally believed that organized neural architecture is essential for nervous system development, function, and regeneration. In the absence of guidance cues, regenerating axons may lose their directions and become misaligned, resulting in the formation of neuromas and/or misappropriate connections. To help regenerate axons across damaged regions and guide them to appropriate targets, some bridging devices such as microgrooves are being intensively researched to achieve a better directional axonal growth. This paper reports a novel fabrication process to generate a highly aligned groove texture on the inner surface of semipermeable hollow fiber membranes (HFMs). HFMs have demonstrated promising results in guiding axonal regeneration. The fabrication process utilized a wet phase-inversion procedure with polyurethane (PU) as model polymer, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent, and water as nonsolvent. Data indicated that highly aligned groove texture could be formed on the HFM inner surface by carefully controlling phase-inversion conditions such as the polymer solution flow rate, and/or nonsolvent flow rate, and/or polymer solution concentration ratio. The texture forming mechanism is qualitatively explained using a PU-DMSO-water ternary phase diagram and the dynamics of fluid instability. Axonal outgrowth on the HFM with aligned grooves showed the highly aligned orientation and improved axonal outgrowth length. This study may eventually lead to a new and effective way to fabricate nerve grafts for the spinal cord injury and nerve damage treatment based on this highly aligned three dimensional scaffold.
Juvenile hormone metabolism in the plasma, integument, midgut, fat body, and brain during the last instar of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.)

Juvenile hormone (JH) III esterase and JH III epoxide hydrolase activity was found in the integument, midgut, fat body, and brain during last instar development of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. JH esterase activity was primarily located in the cytosol in these tissues while the majority of the JH epoxide hydrolase activity was found in the microsomes. A prewandering (on day 3) and postwandering (on day 8) peak in plasma JH III esterase activity occurs in the last instar of gate I M. sexta. The JH esterase activity profile in integument, midgut, fat body, and brain followed a similar pattern to that of the plasma. The only exception to this was the absence of the postwandering, prepupal (on day 8) JH esterase peak in the fat body. The topical application of the juvenoid, (RS)-methoprene, failed to induce fat body JH esterase activity but increased activity in the plasma, integument, midgut, and brain in M. sexta prepupae. These results indicate that the source of plasma JH esterase activity is not always the fat body as previously hypothesized. The developmental profile of tissue JH epoxide hydrolase activity was also similar to that of JH esterase suggesting that both enzymes may be regulated partly by the same factors and that JH epoxide hydrolase may also have an important, previously unrecognized functional role in JH regulation and insect metamorphosis. Multiple isoelectric forms of tissue-specific JH esterases and JH epoxide hydrolases were found in integument, midgut, fat body, and brain. The JH esterases in these tissues had isoelectric points more acidic than that for plasma. Tissue α-naphthyl acetate esterase, developmental profiles, and inhibitor sensitivity to 3-(octylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one differed significantly from that for JH esterase, suggesting that they represent different enzymes. ©1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Update on the physics of light pseudoscalar mesons

)chiral lagrangian. We have new data for lattice spacing a ≈0.15 fm withseveral values of the light quark mass down to one-tenth the strange quark mass, higher statisticsfor a ≈ 0.09 fm with the light quark mass equal to one-tenth the strangequark mass, and initialresults for our smallest lattice spacing, a ≈0.06 fm with light quark mass two-ﬁfths of the strangequark mass.XXIVth International Symposium on Lattice Field TheoryJuly 23-28, 2006Tucson, Arizona, USA