cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results from Brookhaven experiment 787, a search for K+ → π+ νν

Early results from a Brookhaven experiment designed to search for the rare decay K+ → π+νν are presented. A preliminary 90% confidence level branching ratio upper limit of BR(K+ → π+νν) < 3 × 10−8 is set. Preliminary upper limits of BR(K+ → π+μ+μ−) < 2.1 × 10−7 and BR(π0 → νν) < 8 × 10−7 at the 90% confidence level are also given.
Women, Men, and Job Satisfaction

We examine job satisfaction to determine whether gender differences found by previous researchers could be explained by constraints imposed by the specifications used. Applying those specifications to recent US data yields results similar to those previously found. However, clarification comes from applying specifications that allow for gender differences in sample selectivity and in the relative weights (β′s) of personal/job characteristics in evaluating satisfaction. We find that gender differences in the job satisfaction of married workers can largely be attributed to gender differences in β′s. However, more work is necessary to understand gender differences in job satisfaction among unmarried workers.
Mixed-Ligand Arenechromium Carbonyl Complexes as Electronic Modulators

A number of mixed ligand η6 arenechromium carbonyl complexes have been prepared and investigated for their ability to effect electronic modulation of arene chemistry. In the case of an aniline-derived system, the arenechromium carbonyl complex is able to modulate the inductive capacity of the aniline nitrogen atom and thus, regulate its anchimeric ability. In the case of 8-phenylmenthol and benzyloxazolidinone derivatives, modulation of arene π basicity is achieved, and results suggest that important vinylarene π−π interactions exist in acrylate derivatives of these chiral auxiliary systems.
On-line monitoring of μg/L levels of haloacetic acids using ion chromatography with post-column nicotinamide reaction and fluorescence detection

A method for measuring the concentrations of the five regulated haloacetic acids (HAA5) in drinking water is reported. This method uses ion chromatography to separate HAA5 species, followed by post-column reaction with nicotinamide and detection of the fluorescent products. The result of method detection limit, accuracy, precision, linearity and interference studies are reported. The on-line monitoring method is compared directly to USEPA 552.3 in Memphis drinking water. Though not meant to replace the USEPA 552.3 for compliance monitoring, the proposed method does offer attractive alternatives considering the ease of automation and application of on-line monitoring directly from drinking water distribution systems.
Development of a screening method for cocaine and cocaine metabolites in saliva using hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction

AbstractHollow ﬁber membrane solvent microextraction (HFMSME) has been applied as a simple and efﬁcient means of samplepreparation for the screening of drugs of abuse in saliva. Extraction of cocaine and its metabolites from a 2ml saliva solutionwas achieved in 10min. This was followed by fast GC separation allowing complete analysis to be achieved in 15min. UsingHFMSME, detection limits ranged between 6 and 28ngml −1 with average relative standard deviations of 9.0%. The effectof the presence of various foodstuffs was also investigated. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cocaine; Hollow ﬁber membrane solvent microextraction; Saliva 1. IntroductionRecently, there has been a great deal of interest insaliva as a potential biomatrix for drug testing [1–11].Although federally mandated workplace drug testingprograms utilize urine to test for drugs of abuse, druganalysis in saliva offers several advantages [6]. Thecollection of saliva is noninvasive, and can be obtainedby nonmedical personnel in unusual settings, not suit-able for blood or urine collection. In addition, directobservation of the sample collection can be made with-out concern about violation of privacy. As a result ofthis, it is less likely that the commonly used meth-ods of sample adulteration used in urinalysis could be
Isozymatic and morphological diversity in the races of maize of Mexico.

To determine the relationships and genetic diversity among the Mexican races of maize, 209 accessions representing 59 races were analyzed for 21 enzyme systems encoded by 37 loci; 154 out of the 209 accessions were grown in multiple locations and seasons in Mexico and 47 morphological characters were measured. A very high level of variation among and within the Mexican races was found. However, more than 65% of the alleles found in the accessions studied are rare, occurring at frequencies below 0.01. In addition, some populations have low levels of genetic diversity and have values of genetic differentiation similar to selflng crops. Most of the accessions with low values of genetic diversity are specialty varieties.
Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an anti-HBC–nonreactive blood donor: Variant virus or defective immune response?

Viral sequence and host immune response were investigated in an unusual, asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus carrier (human leukocyte antigen type A24, Bw61, Bw62, Bw6, DRw11, DRw52, DQw7) who was consistently nonreactive for antibody to HBc and had a normal ALT level over a 5-yr study period. The precore and core region DNA sequences of virus isolated from his serum had seven silent mutations that resulted in no changes in the amino acid sequence of the adr HBsAg subtype. He had no abnormalities in the number of peripheral blood T or B cells and no HBcAg-specific suppressor T cells. His lymphocytes proliferated in vitro in response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, Staphylococcus aureus and tetanus toxoid but not to recombinant HBcAg. Unlike other HBsAg carriers and hepatitis B virus-immune individuals, his monocytes did not ingest beads coated with HBcAg. Failure to produce antibody to HBc was not due to an hepatitis B virus variant but to a selective immune system defect in this asymptomatic HBsAg carrier.
A means of involving fathers in family treatment: guidance groups for fathers.

Of the many institutions in our society that have changed their perspective on the father's participation in the family, psychiatric clinics have been among the most prominent. Currently, an attempt is being made to involve more fathers in various treatment procedures. This paper deals with the writer's experience in working with a group of fathers, each of whom refused to participate in a one-to-one treatment relationship. While described as passive, weak, and poor treatment candidates they all responded positively to a Fathers' Guidance Group. Feeling that their pathology would not be intensively explored, they could discuss their conflicts and frequently resolve them within a sympathetic male group.
Comparing Groups with Umbrella Orderings

Abstract One commonly observed response pattern in a one-factor design with ordered treatment levels is the umbrella or unimodal ordering, in which the response variable increases with an increase in the treatment level up to a point, then decreases with further increase in the treatment level. The turning point is called the peak of an umbrella ordering. In many practical settings, there are two or more different populations with umbrella orderings, and it is of interest to compare these populations. In this article, likelihood ratio tests are developed for testing whether two groups with umbrella orderings have the same peaks. Three cases are considered: variances known, variances unknown and different for each group, and variances unknown and the same for both groups. Extensions to randomized block designs and to a more general class of testing problems are discussed.
Opo: a wearable sensor for capturing high-fidelity face-to-face interactions

Currently, researchers study face-to-face interactions using wearable sensors and smartphones which provide 2 to 5 m proximity sensing every 20 to 300 s. However, studying interaction distance, which is known to impact disease spread, communication behavior, and other phenomenon, has proven challenging. Smartphones are limited by their inaccurate and/or impractical ranging capabilities, while wearable sensors are limited by their need for infrastructure nodes, bulkiness, and/or inaccurate ranging. To address these challenges, we present Opo, a 14 cm2, 11.4 g "lapel pin" built from commercial components. Opo sensors range neighbors every 2 s up to 2 m away with 5% average error, all while requiring zero infrastructure and improving upon current wearable sensors' accuracy and power usage. The cornerstone of Opo is an ultrasonic wakeup circuit that draws 19 μA when no neighbors are present. This enables Opo sensors to discover and range neighbors without the need for infrastructure nodes and slow or power-hungry RF discovery protocols. Thus, Opo is able to sense interaction distance with high accuracy (5 cm) and temporal fidelity (2 s) on a limited power budget.
Modeling detailed chemistry and transport for solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) films in Li–ion batteries

Abstract The thin solid-electrolyte-interface (SEI) films that grow around electrode particles play important roles in Li–ion battery performance. The objective of the present paper is to develop and apply models of SEI behavior that incorporate detailed chemical kinetics and multicomponent species transport. Species- and charge-conservation equations are derived and solved within the SEI film. The SEI model is coupled at its boundaries with an intercalation model within the electrode particles and with Li–ion transport and chemistry at the interface between the SEI and the electrolyte solution. The results of the model provide new insights concerning the influences of the intercalation fraction and cycling rate on SEI growth rates. The model also provides new insight concerning the influence of the SEI film on reversible potential and interfacial resistance.
The influence of the preparation method on the properties of Sr8(Al12O24)(CrO4)2 ferroelectric ceramics

Abstract Strontium-aluminate-chromate (SACR) ceramics have been prepared by the citrate method. As a result the sintering temperature was reduced from 1700°C (in conventional oxide method) to 1500°C. These ceramics reveal a new phase transition. The dielectric and pyroelectric measurements show that SACR is an important candidate material for pyroelectric applications. The two phase transitions observed in the present study can be useful to enhance the figure of merit of a device at room temperature.
Alcohol treatment outcome evaluation: an overview of methodological issues.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the methodological problems encountered in alcoholism treatment outcome evaluation. The methodological issues raised by (a) the traditional reliance on abstinence as the sole criterion of treatment success, (b) the question of the reliability and validity of self-reports of alcoholics, and (c) the difficulty of locating alcoholics for follow-along are highlighted. Of these methodological issues, none was found to be more controversial than the adequacy of abstinence as a criterion of success. At the same time, no controversy in this field appears more pivotal to the development of innovation in both treatment and research technology. The emergence of the “multivariate” conceptualization of alcoholism, with life adjustment as a criterion of success, has broadened the scope of research while stimulating interest in the application of increasingly complex and sophisticated techniques. The most recent literature written from this perspective indicates the...
Dual contacts between peptide agonist ligands and the secretin receptor directly established by photoaffinity labeling.

: Structural analysis of secretin in solution has demonstrated extended helical domains within both amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves, with a possible turn in between. However, the conformation of this peptide as it resides in its binding site within the receptor has not been established. In the work reported here, we performed affinity labeling of the secretin receptor with radioiodinated secretin analogues having photolabile benzoyl-phenylalanine residues positioned in each half of the peptide. The probes had sites of covalent attachment in positions 6 and 22, and have been recently synthesized and characterized to represent high affinity agonist ligands. Both covalently labeled the secretin receptor in a saturable, specific, and efficient manner. After purification of the labeled receptor, we used a series of chemical and enzymatic cleavage techniques to define the domain of labeling. We complemented this by receptor mutagenesis, followed by additional cleavage and Edman degradation sequencing to refine our insights into the labeled residues. This has allowed us to demonstrate that sites of attachment were both within the extracellular amino-terminal domain of the receptor. Of particular interest, both probes labeled residues within the amino-terminal thirty residues at the distal end of the receptor. It will be particularly interesting to use these molecular approximations to model the binding domain of this important receptor.
The Kinetics of Thermal Injury in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells

In this study, the thermal injury behavior of both suspended and attached SN12 human renal carcinoma cells (RCC) under thermal therapy conditions (i.e., heating cells to elevated temperature for seconds to minutes) was investigated using a non-isothermal method. This non-isothermal method entailed heating the cells using a programmable heating stage from room temperature at 130∘C min≥−1 to various peak temperatures from 45 to 70∘C, held for 0–10 min, and then cooling down to room temperature at 65∘C min−1. It was found that the suspended SN12 cells are more heat susceptible than attached ones. The non-isothermal portions (i.e., the heat-up and cool-down portions) of the thermal histories were found to be able to cause significant injury (> 10%) in both suspended and attached SN12 cells when the peak temperature is above 60∘C. Therefore, a non-isothermal method, which accounts for both the isothermal and non-isothermal portions of the thermal histories, was used to extract the kinetic parameters (i.e., the activation energy and frequency factor) in the Arrhenius injury model for SN12 cells. Furthermore, these results suggest that this non-isothermal method can be used to extract kinetic parameters from in vivo heating studies using minimally invasive surgical probes, where it is very difficult to get a thermal history in tissue with a dominant isothermal portion.
The J-curve of cardiovascular disease risk and how it relates to isolated systolic hypertension

Abstract Controversy persists regarding the presence and significance of the “J-curves” of increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk as they relate to older people with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). A recent Framingham primary outcome study showed that of the 4 blood pressure (BP) components [diastolic BP (DBP), systolic BP (SBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] only DBP showed non-linear tendencies, which presented as a J-curve of increased CVD risk. The reduction in DBP was associated with an increase in PP, the latter of which serves as a marker of increased arterial stiffness. On the other hand, when primary CVD events result in poor cardiac function, the presence of combined SBP and DBP J-curves serve as predictors of secondary CVD events—so called “reverse causality”; thus, risk is associated with decreased rather than by increased SBP. Lastly, treatment-induced cardiac risk is a potential third explanation for J-curves that occur in the presence of hemodynamically significant coronary artery stenosis. This review is directed at a better understanding of causes and consequences of the J-curve phenomena.
Top Ten Problems in Fundamental Physics

In 1900 the world-renowned mathematician David Hilbert presented twenty-three problems at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. These problems have inspired mathematicians throughout the last century. As a piece of millennial madness, all participants of the Strings 2000 Conference were invited to help formulate the ten most important unsolved problems in fundamental physics. Each participant was allowed to submit one candidate problem for consideration. To qualify, the problem must not only have been important but also well-defined and stated in a clear way. The best ten problems were selected at the end of the conference by a selection panel consisting of David Gross, Edward Witten and myself.
Western diet, but not high fat diet, causes derangements of fatty acid metabolism and contractile dysfunction in the heart of Wistar rats

Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased fatty acid availability in excess of muscle fatty acid oxidation capacity. This mismatch is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac contractile dysfunction and also in the development of skeletal-muscle insulin resistance. We tested the hypothesis that 'Western' and high fat diets differentially cause maladaptation of cardiac- and skeletal-muscle fatty acid oxidation, resulting in cardiac contractile dysfunction. Wistar rats were fed on low fat, 'Western' or high fat (10, 45 or 60% calories from fat respectively) diet for acute (1 day to 1 week), short (4-8 weeks), intermediate (16-24 weeks) or long (32-48 weeks) term. Oleate oxidation in heart muscle ex vivo increased with high fat diet at all time points investigated. In contrast, cardiac oleate oxidation increased with Western diet in the acute, short and intermediate term, but not in the long term. Consistent with fatty acid oxidation maladaptation, cardiac power decreased with long-term Western diet only. In contrast, soleus muscle oleate oxidation (ex vivo) increased only in the acute and short term with either Western or high fat feeding. Fatty acid-responsive genes, including PDHK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4) and CTE1 (cytosolic thioesterase 1), increased in heart and soleus muscle to a greater extent with feeding a high fat diet compared with a Western diet. In conclusion, we implicate inadequate induction of a cassette of fatty acid-responsive genes, and impaired activation of fatty acid oxidation, in the development of cardiac dysfunction with Western diet.
High-confidence mapping of chemical compounds and protein complexes reveals novel aspects of chemical stress response in yeast

Chemical genetics in yeast has shown great potential for clarifying the pharmacology of various drugs. Investigating these results from a systems perspective has uncovered many facets of natural chemical tolerance, but many cellular interactions of chemicals still remain poorly understood. To uncover previously overlooked players in resistance to chemical stress we integrated several independent chemical genetics datasets with protein–protein interactions and a comprehensive collection of yeast protein complexes. As a consequence we were able to identify the potential targets and mode of action of certain poorly understood compounds. However, most complexes recovered in our analysis appear to perform indirect roles in countering deleterious effects of chemicals by constituting an underlying intricate buffering system that has been so far under-appreciated. This buffering role appears to be largely contributed to by complexes pertaining to chromatin and vesicular dynamics. The former set of complexes seems to act by setting up or maintaining gene expression states necessary to protect the cell against chemical effects. Among the latter complexes we found an important role for specific vesicle tethering complexes in tolerating particular sets of compounds, indicating that different chemicals might be routed via different points in the intracellular trafficking system. We also suggest a general operational similarity between these complexes and molecular capacitors (e.g. the chaperone Hsp90). Both have a key role in increasing the system’s robustness, although at different levels, through buffering stress and mutation, respectively. It is therefore conceivable that some of these complexes identified here might have roles in molding the evolution of chemical resistance and response.
Intraoperative sonography for brain tumor localization and ventricular shunt placement

Intraoperative sonography using portable real-time equipment at the dural or brain surface in 16 patients provided accurate localization of a variety of brain lesions for direct dissectional or needle aspiration biopsies as well as for decompression of cysts. The technique has proven to be reliable and rapid, reducing brain exploration in the search for small or poorly accessible lesions and eliminating complex stereotactic procedures. Ventricular shunt catheter placement was also monitored intraoperatively in two infants.
Modeling substrate binding in Thermus thermophilus isopropylmalate dehydrogenase

The Thermus thermophilus 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH) and Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) are two functionally and evolutionarily related enzymes with distinct substrate specificities. To understand the determinants of substrate specificities of the two proteins, the substrate and coenzyme in IPMDH were docked into their respective binding sites based on the published structure for apo IPMDH and its sequence and structural homology to ICDH. This modeling study suggests that (1) the substrate and coenzyme (NAD) binding modes of IPMDH are significantly different from those of ICDH, (2) the interactions between the substrates and coenzymes help explain the differences in substrate specificities of IPMDH and ICDH, and (3) binding of the substrate and coenzyme should induce a conformational change in the structure of IPMDH.
Effect of the ratio of maleated polypropylene to organoclay on the structure and properties of TPO-based nanocomposites. Part I: Morphology and mechanical properties

Abstract The structure–property relationships of thermoplastic olefin (TPO)-based nanocomposites prepared by melt processing are reported with a main focus on the ratio of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) to organoclay. The morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction are presented in conjunction with the mechanical and rheological properties of these nanocomposites. Detailed quantitative analyses of the dispersed clay particles revealed that the aspect ratio of clay particles decreased as clay content increased but increased as the amount of PP-g-MA increased. Analysis of the elastomer phase revealed that the aspect ratio of the elastomer phase increased in both cases. The presence of clay causes the elastomer particles to become highly elongated in shape and retards the coalescence of the elastomer particles. The modulus and yield strength are enhanced by increasing the PP-g-MA/organoclay ratios. High levels of toughness of the TPO can be maintained when moderate levels of (organoclay) MMT and PP-g-MA are used. The rheological properties suggested that the addition of clay particles and PP-g-MA has a profound influence on the long time stress relaxation of the TPO nanocomposites. Based on these analyses, it is clear that it is important to optimize the ratio of PP-g-MA and organoclay to obtain the desired balance of mechanical properties and processing characteristics for TPO nanocomposites.
Age related changes in accommodative dynamics in humans

Abstract Age related changes in the dynamics of accommodation (far to near focus) and disaccommodation (near to far focus) are reported in this study. Dynamic responses to step stimulus demands from 1 D to 6 D, in 1 D steps, were recorded with a PowerRefractor in 66 subjects in the age range 14–45 years. The accommodative and disaccommodative responses were fit with exponential functions to calculate response amplitude, time constant and peak velocity. The latency of accommodation did not change and the latency of disaccommodation increased with age. For accommodation, time constant increased and peak velocity decreased with age. For disaccommodation, no change in time constant or peak velocity was found with age. The form of the peak velocity vs response amplitude relationship (main sequence) of accommodation changed with age. The differences in the dynamics of accommodation and disaccommodation with age are discussed with reference to the age related changes in the eye leading to presbyopia.
Inmate Custody Levels and Prison Rule Violations

Researchers have recently combined individual-level data with institutional measures to detect prison-level correlates of inmate misconduct. Although this body of literature has yielded insights into how the prison environment contributes to misconduct, we argue that it has ignored an important level of analysis, namely the custody level. As some inmates are placed in more restrictive confinement than others, custody levels may absorb some of the variation in individual-level and/or prison-level correlates of misconduct. Accordingly, we analyzed data from over 70,000 inmates who were housed in Texas prisons during 2008 and found that custody levels were strongly and positively associated with misconduct, even (a) after accounting for the endogeneity of custody levels and (b) once inmate- and prison-level measures were included. We draw on labeling theory in our efforts to explain the relationship between custody levels and misconduct.
ALGORITHMIC ADVANCES FOR SEARCHING BIOSEQUENCE DATABASES

The similarity search problem can loosely be phrased as follows. Given a query sequence of length, say P, a database of a total of, say N, characters of sequence data, and a threshold D: find all “database entries similar within threshold” to the query. The objective placed between quotes can and has been interpreted in a variety of ways. In the case of similarity searches over biosequence databases, what is usually touted as the most sensitive standard is to find local alignments between substrings of the query and a database entry whose similarity measure under, say, Dayhoff-matrix substitutions [1] and affine gap costs, is greater than D. As it is currently realized with the Smith & Waterman [2] dynamic programming algorithm, such a search is generally felt to be too computationally intensive to be routinely performed.
The learning-curve sampling method applied to model-based clustering

We examine the learning-curve sampling method, an approach for applying machine-learning algorithms to large data sets. The approach is based on the observation that the computational cost of learning a model increases as a function of the sample size of the training data, whereas the accuracy of a model has diminishing improvements as a function of sample size. Thus, the learning-curve sampling method monitors the increasing costs and performance as larger and larger amounts of data are used for training, and terminates learning when future costs outweigh future benefits. In this paper, we formalize the learning-curve sampling method and its associated cost-benefit tradeoff in terms of decision theory. In addition, we describe the application of the learning-curve sampling method to the task of model-based clustering via the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. In experiments on three real data sets, we show that the learning-curve sampling method produces models that are nearly as accurate as those trained on complete data sets, but with dramatically reduced learning times. Finally, we describe an extension of the basic learning-curve approach for model-based clustering that results in an additional speedup. This extension is based on the observation that the shape of the learning curve for a given model and data set is roughly independent of the number of EM iterations used during training. Thus, we run EM for only a few iterations to decide how many cases to use for training, and then run EM to full convergence once the number of cases is selected.
Trophoblast Inclusions Are Significantly Increased in the Placentas of Children in Families at Risk for Autism

(odds ratio: 8.0, 95% confidence interval: 3.6‐18.0). The presence of $2 TIs yielded a sensitivity of 41% and a specificity of 92% for predicting ASD risk status, whereas $4 TIs yielded a sensitivity of 19%, a specificity of 99.9%, and a positive likelihood ratio of 242 and conservatively predicted an infant with a 74% probability of being at risk for ASD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the placentas from women whose fetuses are at elevated risk for autism are markedly different from control placentas. These differences are manifested histologically as TIs. Their identification has the possibility of identifying newborns at risk for ASD who might benefit from targeted early interventions aimed at preventing or ameliorating behavioral symptoms and optimizing developmental outcomes.
Selenium in Aquatic Birds From Central California

Abstract After mostly freshwater replaced agricultural drainage water used for wetland management in 1985, Selenium (Se) concentrations in 3 wintering waterfowl species and black-necked stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) from the North and South Grasslands of central California, USA, declined in the years from 1986 to 1988 and 1989 to 1994. However, Se concentrations were still above the threshold for potential reproductive impairment and exceeded background levels for some species. Consequently, we measured Se concentrations in aquatic birds in 2005 after long-term use (20 yr) of predominately freshwater for wetland management in the Grasslands. As in 1986–1994, Se concentrations in 2005 were higher for birds from the South Grasslands, which historically received more undiluted drainage water compared with the North Grasslands. Liver Se concentrations for stilts from the South Grasslands were at levels associated with potential reproductive impairment. All species from the South Grasslands, as well as mallard...
Institutions and Job Growth in African Manufacturing: Does Employment Protection Regulation Matter?

We use firm-level survey data from the manufacturing sector in 20 Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries and Doing Business (DB) country indicators to explore the links between employment protection regulation (EPR) and firm job growth during the period 2003–07. We find that EPR is uncorrelated with job growth in the short run. In the long run, however, overall regulations as measured by DB scores are significantly adversely associated with job growth, while the evidence for a negative effect of EPR seems rather weak. Thus labour regulation reform might not lead to high employment payoffs in SSA; improving the overall investment climate should be the more immediate focus. Copyright 2013 , Oxford University Press.
Mandatory HIV testing and occupational therapists.

OBJECTIVES As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases, so does the prevalence of HIV-positive health care workers. This study explored what effect this will have on occupational therapy service provision. Attitudes and policies of 118 occupational therapy administrators were examined in relation to mandatory testing for HIV, attitudes on treating HIV-positive patients, working with HIV-positive staff members and students, and use of Centers for Disease Control's guidelines on universal precautions. METHODS A stratified sample of 200 occupational therapy administrators, drawn proportionally from all occupational therapy fieldwork centers, was sent questionnaires. The respondents (N = 118) were asked questions reflecting policy and attitude regarding HIV-positive staff members, students, and patients and mandatory testing. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were computed to examine variances related to policy, ethics, and attitudes. RESULTS Few occupational therapy departments have policies regarding HIV-positive health care workers or students. Those policies in place involve disability discrimination acts and using universal precautions. More than one third of the respondents support mandatory testing of all health care workers and notifying patients if their occupational therapist is HIV-positive. A large minority of respondents would either refuse to hire or train an HIV-positive therapist or student, or would restrict patient care responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS Although most occupational therapy administrators adhere to CDC guidelines and anti-discrimination policies, some concern and fear was expressed regarding HIV transmission through occupational therapy practice. This may result in administrative decisions regarding work and training responsibilities that are unnecessarily restrictive, such as limiting all patient care responsibilities.
Selective Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Inhibitors. 4. 1-(7-Sulfonamidoisoquinolinyl)guanidines†

1-isoquinolinylguanidines were previously disclosed as potent and selective inhibitors of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Further investigation of this template has revealed that incorporation of a 7-sulfonamide group furnishes a new series of potent and highly selective uPA inhibitors. Potency and selectivity can be achieved with sulfonamides derived from a variety of amines and is further enhanced by the incorporation of sulfonamides derived from amino acids. The binding mode of these 1-isoquinolinylguanidines has been investigated by X-ray cocrystallization studies. uPA inhibitor 26 was selected for further evaluation based on its excellent enzyme potency (Ki 10 nM) and selectivity profile (4000-fold versus tPA and 2700-fold versus plasmin). In vitro, compound 26 is able to inhibit exogenous uPA in human chronic wound fluid (IC50=0.89 microM). In vivo, in a porcine acute excisional wound model, following topical delivery, compound 26 is able to penetrate into pig wounds and inhibit exogenous uPA activity with no adverse effect on wound healing parameters. On the basis of this profile, compound 26 (UK-371,804) was selected as a candidate for further preclinical evaluation for the treatment of chronic dermal ulcers.
Improving the static analysis of embedded languages via partial evaluation

Programs in embedded languages contain invariants that are not automatically detected or enforced by their host language. We show how to use macros to easily implement partial evaluation of embedded interpreters in order to capture invariants encoded in embedded programs and render them explicit in the terms of their host language. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in improving the results of a value flow analysis.
Dependence of the Roll Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex (aVOR) on Gravity

Little is known about the dependence of the roll angular vestibuloocular reflex (aVOR) on gravity or its gravity-dependent adaptive properties. To study gravity-dependent characteristics of the roll aVOR, monkeys were oscillated about a naso-occipital axis in darkness while upright or tilted. Roll aVOR gains were largest in the upright position and decreased by 7–15% as animals were tilted from the upright. Thus the unadapted roll aVOR gain has substantial gravitational dependence. Roll gains were also decreased or increased by 0.25 Hz, in- or out-of-phase rotation of the head and the visual surround while animals were prone, supine, upright, or in side-down positions. Gain changes, determined as a function of head tilt, were fit with a sinusoid; the amplitudes represented the amount of the gravity-dependent gain change, and the bias, the gravity-independent gain change. Gravity-dependent gain changes were absent or substantially smaller in roll (≈5%) than in yaw (25%) or pitch (17%), whereas gravity-independent gain changes were similar for roll, pitch, and yaw (≈20%). Thus the high-frequency roll aVOR gain has an inherent dependence on head orientation re gravity in the unadapted state, which is different from the yaw/pitch aVORs. This inherent gravitational dependence may explain why the adaptive circuits are not active when the head is tilted re gravity during roll aVOR adaptation. These behavioral differences support the idea that there is a fundamental difference in the central organization of canal-otolith convergence of the roll and yaw/pitch aVORs.
The imitation in drama of the inward life

(1957). The imitation in drama of the inward life. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 299-301.
Role of ABCA7 loss-of-function variant in Alzheimer's disease: A replication study in European–Americans

A recent study found a significant increase of ABCA7 loss-of-function variants in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases compared to controls. Some variants were located on noncoding regions, but it was demonstrated that they affect splicing. Here, we try to replicate the association between AD risk and ABCA7 loss-of-function variants at both the single-variant and gene level in a large and well-characterized European American dataset. We genotyped the GWAS common variant and four rare variants previously reported for ABCA7 in 3476 European–Americans. We were not able to replicate the association at the single-variant level, likely due to a lower effect size on the European American population which led to limited statistical power. However, we did replicate the association at the gene level; we found a significant enrichment of ABCA7 loss-of-function variants in AD cases compared to controls (P = 0.0388; odds ratio =1.54). We also confirmed that the association of the loss-of-function variants is independent of the previously reported genome-wide association study signal. Although the effect size for the association of ABCA7 loss-of-function variants with AD risk is lower in our study (odds ratio = 1.54) compared to the original report (odds ratio = 2.2), the replication of the findings of the original report provides a stronger foundation for future functional applications. The data indicate that different independent signals that modify risk for complex traits may exist on the same locus. Additionally, our results suggest that replication of rare-variant studies should be performed at the gene level rather than focusing on a single variant.
The Uterus as Environment

Speculation about the importance of experience before birth dates to the origins of science itself. The belief that knowledge, habits, and personality traits could be imparted to the unborn child through experiences of the mother was widespread in classical and medieval society. Aristotle himself speculated on the importance of prenatal life: As soon then as the offspring of all animals are born, especially those born imperfect, they are in the habit of sleeping, because they continue sleeping also within the mother when they first acquire sensation…. But nevertheless they are found to wake even in the womb (this is clear in dissections and ovipara), and then they immediately fall into a sleep again. This is why after birth also they spend most of their time in sleep. (De generatione animalium, p. 321)
Synchronous pronouncement

Synchronous Pronouncement is a generative interactive installation that will explore the aesthetics of an interactive medium as an extension of our body. The irregularity and unpredictability of our world is a result of unique patterns left behind by movements. The installation will be a representation of interacting processes that operate in nature. Autonomous behaviors generated by code will be triggered by the presence of users for the creation of a unique real-time audiovisual experience.
Effect of serotonin on active electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum, gallbladder, and colon.

The effect of serotonin on active electrolyte transport was evaluated in vitro in epithelial sheets of rabbit ileum, gallbladder, and colon under short-circuited conditions. Serotonin added to the ...
Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Climb and Descent Trajectories for Reducing Fuel Burn and Emissions

This paper studies and compares optimal climb and descent trajectories that conform to the Air Traffic Control (ATC) procedures and minimize fuel consumption, emissions, flight time, and/or flight distance. Tradeoffs among these different performance criteria are examined. In addition, closed-loop sensitivities are used to evaluate the likely variations of fuel burns, emissions, and flight times when optimized trajectories are tracked in actual flights. In this paper, a point-mass model of conventional commercial aircraft is used, together with available models of aircraft performance and emissions. Aircraft vertical profiles in the ATC system are described through a series of flight segments. The segment parameters are optimized to minimize fuel burn, emissions, flight time, flight distance, and/or their linear combinations, subject to aircraft equations of motion, aircraft performance limitations, and appropriate boundary conditions. A gradient method is devised for numerical solutions. In calculating the closed-loop sensitivities, the method of feedback linearization is used to model aircraft guidance strategies.
The effectiveness of beta-cyfluthrin microcapsule suspension as a means of controlling Blattella germanica

[Objectives] To determine the effectiveness of beta-cyfluthrin microcapsule suspension as a means of controlling Blattella germanica. [Methods] Experiments were conducted in accordance with the national standards of the People,s Republic of China, GB / T 13917.1-2009 laboratory efficacy test methods and criteria of public health insecticides for pesticide registration-Part 1: Spray fluid. [Results] Glass panels were treated with beta-cyfluthrin microcapsule suspension at a dosage of 0.8 m L/m2 for 98 days and 112 days, and at a dosage of 1.6 m L/m2 for 112 days and 119 days. [Conclusion] The control effects of treated glass panels could last for a longer time when both tiles and glass were treated with the same dosage.
Setting Up a Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration Educational Program: A Case Study in Program Development

The key to developing a successful CVVH course is the involvement of the clinical experts--the staff nurses. It is an ongoing process that requires continual improvement. The CVVH course will help to assure the competency of the ICU nurse in caring for the critically ill patient on CVVH.
Plasmonic integrated circuits with high efficiency nano-antenna couplers

We present the design and characterization of plasmonic integrated circuits (PICs) incorporating three ultra-compact nanoantenna couplers. Light is coupled into the PIC from a lensed fiber and the couple-out efficiencies are measured, which proves the feasibility of using PICs for high density on-chip optical interconnects.
Determinants of Retail Store Performance: A Partial Examination of Selected Elements of Retailer Conduct

This article presents a partial model of selected elements of retail store conduct and their impact on performance. Drawing on past retail performance and patronage studies, the model incorporates conduct that enhances "environmental fit" (relative store size and target market reach) and conduct that reflects "marketing effectiveness" in the areas of service, merchandise, and atmosphere. It is hypothesized that each variable positively impacts store performance. The model is empirically tested with data from one retail organization comprising 211 stores. Results shed light on the similarities and differences between predictors of customer patronage and store performance and raises questions concerning the relationships of the marketing effectiveness variables.
Law and Office

The administration of the government, like the office of a trustee, must be conducted for the benefit of those entrusted to one's care, not of those to whom it is entrusted. Cicero, On Duties , Book I, Chapter XXV At the outset, we must deal with two fundamental questions: what is the law, and what are officials? We must have a common understanding of the law and the people who work with it, if we are to consider what implications there are for us, and for them, in what they do. Thus, we must consider what we imagine when we think of laws and officials. There is a tension between two visions of the law in America, and these views of law color our view of the official. On the one hand, we see the law as a Romantic ideal. Two lawyers stand like gladiators, each fighting for a cause before a judge who decrees a winner and a loser. A president or a senator stands like a Roman of old, pronouncing the law. In each picture, the individual appears as the source of the law, the person acting upon the law and the law acting through the person. Yet we also see a classical ideal, our laws framed and shaped by famous institutions in vast marble buildings, great armies of experts in which the efforts of each individual are only a portion of the whole.
Blood Transfusion in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia frequently require blood transfusions. Yet the presence of the autoantibody increases the risk of transfusion in these patients. The autoantibody may not only have the potential for causing shortened survival of transfused red cells, but the presence of the autoantibody may mask the presence of alloantibodies that can cause acute or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. Thus, when autoantibodies are present in the serum, special serologic procedures must be used in compatibility testing to detect clinically significant alloantibodies. This article discusses the indications for blood transfusion in these cases as well as the proper selection of donor red cells for transfusion.
Mapping the Health Care Policy Landscape for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Professions Using Expert Panels and Literature Analysis

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this project was to examine the policy implications of politically defining complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) professions by their treatment modalities rather than by their full professional scope. Methods This study used a 2-stage exploratory grounded approach. In stage 1, we identified how CAM is represented (if considered as professions vs modalities) across a purposely sampled diverse set of policy topic domains using exemplars to describe and summarize each. In stage 2 we convened 2 stakeholder panels (12 CAM practitioners and 9 health policymaker representatives), and using the results of stage 1 as a starting point and framing mechanism, we engaged panelists in a discussion of how they each see the dichotomy and its impacts. Our discussion focused on 4 licensed CAM professions: acupuncture and Oriental medicine, chiropractic, naturopathic medicine, and massage. Results Workforce policies affected where and how members of CAM professions could practice. Licensure affected whether a CAM profession was recognized in a state and which modalities were allowed. Complementary and alternative medicine research examined the effectiveness of procedures and modalities and only rarely the effectiveness of care from a particular profession. Treatment guidelines are based on research and also focus on procedures and modalities. Health plan reimbursement policies address which professions are covered and for which procedures/modalities and conditions. Conclusions The policy landscape related to CAM professions and modalities is broad, complex, and interrelated. Although health plan reimbursement tends to receive the majority of attention when CAM health care policy is discussed, it is clear, given the results of our study, that coverage policies cannot be addressed in isolation and that a wide range of stakeholders and social institutions will need to be involved.