cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pinoresinol‐lariciresinol reductase: Substrate versatility, enantiospecificity, and kinetic properties

Two western red cedar pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR) homologues were studied to determine their enantioselective, substrate versatility, and kinetic properties. PLRs are downstream of dirigent protein engendered, coniferyl alcohol derived, stereoselective coupling to afford entry into the 8- and 8'-linked furofuran lignan, pinoresinol. Our investigations showed that each PLR homolog can enantiospecifically metabolize different furofuran lignans with modified aromatic ring substituents, but where phenolic groups at both C4/C4' are essential for catalysis. These results are consistent with quinone methide intermediate formation in the PLR active site. Site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic measurements provided additional insight into factors affecting enantioselectivity and kinetic properties. From these data, PLRs can be envisaged to allow for the biotechnological potential of generation of various lignan skeleta, that could be differentially "decorated" on their aromatic ring substituents, via the action of upstream dirigent proteins.
In acute ischemic stroke patients with smoking incidence, are more women than men more likely to be included or excluded from thrombolysis therapy?

Background:Clinical factors associated with exclusion from recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in both men and women are not completely understood. The aim of this study is to determine whethe...
Computational model of electrode-induced microenvironmental effects on pH measurements near a cell membrane.

The mechanism of gas transport across cell membranes remains a topic of considerable interest, particularly regarding the extent to which lipids versus specific membrane proteins provide conduction...
Atypical Pyoderma gangrenosum: a case of delayed recognition

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an inflammatory skin condition that is often misdiagnosed as a necrotizing infection. This diagnosis must be considered in any patient with underlying systemic disease ...
The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers.

COVID-19 vaccines were approved in late 2020 and early 2021 for public use in countries across the world. Several studies have now highlighted COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the general public. However, little is known about the nature and extent of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in healthcare workers worldwide. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive worldwide assessment of published evidence on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers. A scoping review method was adopted to include a final pool of 35 studies in this review with study sample size ranges from n = 123 to 16,158 (average = 2185 participants per study). The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy worldwide in healthcare workers ranged from 4.3 to 72% (average = 22.51% across all studies with 76,471 participants). The majority of the studies found concerns about vaccine safety, efficacy, and potential side effects as top reasons for COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in healthcare workers. The majority of the studies also found that individuals who were males, of older age, and doctoral degree holders (i.e., physicians) were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines. Factors such as the higher perceived risk of getting infected with COVID-19, direct care for patients, and history of influenza vaccination were also found to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake probability. Given the high prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers, communication and education strategies along with mandates for clinical workers should be considered to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in these individuals. Healthcare workers have a key role in reducing the burden of the pandemic, role modeling for preventive behaviors, and also, helping vaccinate others.
Photobacterium Damsela Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Arm.

Photobacterium damsela is a gram-negative bacterium that is known to cause infection, most commonly in marine animals and rarely in humans. Photobacterium damsela typically results in skin and soft tissue infections in humans and has been associated with necrotizing fasciitis in several case reports. After an initially benign presentation, P damsela necrotizing fasciitis often progresses rapidly to multiorgan failure and death. Here, we present a fatal case of P damsela necrotizing fasciitis after a minor cut while scaling a fish with a discussion of current literature and treatment strategies.
Programme Management and Assessment

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, the world has seen more than its share of devastating disasters. The destruction caused by recent tornadoes, earthquakes, flooding, tsunamis and hurricanes has brought an outpouring of support from domestic agencies, military, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and individuals wanting to make a difference. Despite their best intentions, stories are found in numerous instances of poor planning: unusable donations of expired medications and culturally insensitive clothing and food, untrained personnel providing medical care and rebuilding shelters inconsistent with social and physical norms, just to name a few.
Duels and Duets: Why Men and Women Talk So Differently

Why do men and women talk so differently? And how do these differences interfere with communication between the sexes? In search of an answer to these and other questions, John Locke takes the reader on a fascinating journey, from human evolution through ancient history to the present, revealing why men speak as they do when attempting to impress or seduce women, and why women adopt a very different way of talking when bonding with each other, or discussing rivals. When men talk to men, Locke argues, they frequently engage in a type of 'dueling', locking verbal horns with their rivals in a way that enables them to compete for the things they need, mainly status and sex. By contrast, much of women's talk sounds more like a verbal 'duet', a harmonious way of achieving their goals by sharing intimate thoughts and feelings in private.
An Opportunity Missed is an Opportunity Lost

Recently Dr. Claudia Naylor visited our Program. She is a palliative care physician and the Director of the Cancer Hospital IV of the National Cancer Institute of Brazil. My team and I felt better prepared to meet with her after having read the recent paper published in PCRT.1 I was impressed to learn that she heads an inpatient palliative care hospital in Brazil with 56 beds. There is no such institution in the United States where so many beds are exclusively dedicated for such a patient population. Indeed, it was a revelation for me that in a developing country there is a strong commitment at the national level. I am curious to know how things are in other countries. Clearly from Mr Floriani’s paper, there is a lot more to be done, as I am sure is the case in other places.1 With the sharing of information and knowledge via an open access journal like PCRT, more questions are bound to be generated in the curious and inquisitive minds all over the world. Surely there are also going to be observations, suggestions and comments. Some of them might be related to methodology, data gathered or its interpretation etc., in studies published.2,3 PCRT offers all of us the opportunity to leave comments related to any paper that is published. As interested as I am to read the papers, I am also very interested to read the information shared in the comments section. This provides fertile ground for knowledge to be exchanged and for it to grow. Comments will not only help the readers but also the authors as it will give them the reader’s perspective. If a thought comes to mind while you are reading a paper, I invite you to leave a comment as an opportunity to educate others and to ask or answer questions that are generated. This is a unique opportunity offered by the journal for us to share our knowledge and experiences. I hope this opportunity is one we as palliative care professionals will not miss. I look forward to your contributions. Wish you a Happy New Year.
Correlation between the Induction of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Enhanced Viral Reactivation in Mammalian Cells Treated with Ultraviolet Light and Heat Shock

Enhanced viral reactivation (EVR) is considered to be one manifestation of an inducible response to DNA damage in mammalian cells analogous to the SOS response in Escherichia coli . EVR is characterized by the increased survival of ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated virus in cells which have been pretreated with DNA-damaging agents or by another type of cellular stress, heat shock (HS). In this study, we have analyzed the induction of nuclear proteins from Vero cells treated with either UV or HS, with the goal of identifying the protein(s) which mediate the EVR response. Results of 2-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis and fluorographic analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled nuclear proteins showed that UV-irradiation caused the increased synthesis of five proteins at 4–9 h after treatment. At 19–24 h, one of these proteins was still being synthesized at a higher level in UV-irradiated cells, and there were nine additional proteins whose syntheses were enhanced over control levels. In contrast, HS induced only one M r 72,000 nuclear protein whose synthesis was maximal during the 4–9-h labeling period and corresponded to one of the proteins induced by UV at 19–24 h. Subsequent Western and Northern blot analyses have confirmed that this protein is a member of the heat shock protein (hsp) 70 family. Elevated nuclear levels of this protein correlated temporally with the maximum EVR response induced by each treatment (4 h after HS and 24 h after UV). Since the kinetics of EVR is different following UV and HS and parallels the difference in the induction of nuclear levels of hsp70 following each treatment, the results suggest that hsp70 may be involved in mediating the EVR response. In addition, this protein may also play a role in the recovery of DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated cells.
Message from the Chair - Looking Outside Our Comfort Zone

I would like to thank the EDGD membership for allowing me to serve as your Chair. It has been interesting, fun and nerve-wracking! At the Mid-Year Conference in Norfolk, VA, the EDGD Executive Committee took a hard look at where the Division is. Bottom line: we are not attracting as many new members as we would like and a majority of our committees are no longer reporting any activity for valid reasons; we need to restructure. Between the Mid-Year Conference and the Annual ASEE Conference held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, there were several flurries of EDGD list-serve email discussions concerning the future of the Division. Do we stay as we are; focused strictly on engineering graphics, or do we open our doors and embrace all forms of graphics? To be the best in our field, we must look outside our normal comfort zone or we will miss the exciting, changing world of graphics around us. If we limit the Division to only engineering graphics we will never grow as a Division, or on a personal professional basis. We would miss opportunities to partner with colleagues who have skills we don’t possess. Most of us have been teaching for many years, but still strive to improve our teaching methods – especially with today’s students having di ff erent expectations than students twenty years ago. If we move backwards to focusing only on engineering graphics, we will miss information that can help us become better professors. With the introduction of computers into our classrooms our world continues to change. One trend I see locally is the move from supplying tool and die workers, machinists, etc., with computers and 3D CAD models for dimensions instead of 2D drawings. The Division can no longer afford to have tunnel vision and isolate itself in our comfortable engineering graphics world. This means exciting changes are in the works for the Division! Here are a few: several of the Directors are revising their committee charges, an on-line journal ad hoc committee was created to select the software we will use, and several members are brainstorming a new Division and Journal name that will reflect our willingness to embrace all forms of graphics. Serving as your Division Chair has been a great experience! The members are what make the Division so special! I would like to extend a huge thank you to those of you that volunteered your time to help with the Division and participated in the Division discussions. A special thanks to Nick Bertozzi for doing a great job as this year’s ASEE Annual Program Chair, Judy Birchman for designing a striking one-page EDGD information card, Steve Schro ff and Marie Planchard for distributing the new EDGD information card, Bob Chin for pursuing our status with ERIC, Moustafa and Company for a great Mid-Year conference, La Verne Abe Harris and Nancy Study for the smooth running of the Journal, Alice Scales and Mary Sadowski for answering my endless list of questions, and Tim Sexton for guiding me through this year. Hope to see you in Berkeley, CA for the 63rd Mid-Year Conference January 4-7, 2009.
Carbon cycle. Fertile forest experiments.

Long-term experiments under realistic conditions are beginning to deliver data on how forests — or at least some forests — will react to increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Use of chlorine dioxide gas for the postharvest control of Alternaria alternata and Stemphylium vesicarium on Roma tomatoes

BACKGROUND Tomatoes and potatoes are the top produce affected in terms of value lost in the USA. Postharvest losses can occur anywhere from the time of harvest to the consumers' decision to eat or discard the food. These data support the importance of finding sustainable strategies to minimise food waste and preserve resources. This study evaluated the potential application of chlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) technology to control the postharvest spoilage of Roma tomatoes by Alternaria alternata and Stemphylium vesicarium. RESULTS Data analysis showed that exposure time was a significant factor for fungal disease control (P < 0.05). After 3 min of treatment, mycelial growth was completely inhibited for A. alternata and S. vesicarium. Similar results were observed for conidial germination. The efficacy of ClO2 treatments was also studied under in vivo conditions. While untreated Roma tomatoes developed white moulds and black spots after 5 days of storage, produce decay was significantly (P < 0.05) delayed after 5 and 7 min treatments for S. vesicarium and A. alternata respectively. CONCLUSION The use of ClO2 in the food industry is regulated by both the FDA and the EPA. Currently, only acidified sodium chlorite solutions are approved for the control of micro-organisms in water used to wash fruits and vegetables. No direct applications of ClO2 gas on fresh fruits and vegetables can be found in the regulations. More data are required by the two agencies to demonstrate that residues of ClO2 on produce surfaces are acceptable for human consumption. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The effects of neighborhood density and street connectivity on walking behavior: the Twin Cities walking study

A growing body of health and policy research suggests residential neighborhood density and street connectivity affect walking and total physical activity, both of which are important risk factors for obesity and related chronic diseases. The authors report results from their methodologically novel Twin Cities Walking Study; a multilevel study which examined the relationship between built environments, walking behavior and total physical activity. In order to maximize neighborhood-level variation while maintaining the exchangeability of resident-subjects, investigators sampled 716 adult persons nested in 36 randomly selected neighborhoods across four strata defined on density and street-connectivity – a matched sampling design. Outcome measures include two types of self-reported walking (from surveys and diaries) and so-called objective 7-day accelerometry measures. While crude differences are evident across all outcomes, adjusted effects show increased odds of travel walking in higher-density areas and increased odds of leisure walking in low-connectivity areas, but neither density nor street connectivity are meaningfully related to overall mean miles walked per day or increased total physical activity. Contrary to prior research, the authors conclude that the effects of density and block size on total walking and physical activity are modest to non-existent, if not contrapositive to hypotheses. Divergent findings are attributed to this study's sampling design, which tends to mitigate residual confounding by socioeconomic status.
Prenatal Stress Alters the Development of Socioemotional Behavior and Amygdala Neuron Excitability in Rats

Prenatal stress (PS) is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse ages of onset and socioemotional symptoms. Some PS-linked disorders involve characteristic social deficits, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but PS also promotes anxiety disorders. We propose the diversity of symptoms following PS arises from perturbations to early brain development. To this end, we characterized the effects of PS on the developmental trajectory of physiology of the amygdala, a late-developing center for socioemotional control. We found that PS dampened socioemotional behavior and reduced amygdala neuron excitability in offspring during infancy (at postnatal days (P)10, 14, 17 and 21), preadolescence (day 28), and adulthood (day 60). PS offspring in infancy produced fewer isolation-induced vocalizations and in adulthood exhibited less anxiety-like behavior and deficits in social interaction. PS neurons had a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential from infancy to adulthood and produced fewer action potentials. Moreover, adult amygdala neurons from PS animals expressed larger action potential afterhyperpolarizations and H-current relative to controls, further limiting excitability. Our results suggest that PS can suppress socioemotional behavior throughout development and produce age-specific alterations to amygdala physiology.
Economic Parameters for Resource Policy Analysis in Developing Countries

Abstract The use of simulated supply schedules for analyzing alternative forest resource policies in developing countries has received considerable attention in the recent past. The theoretical basis for such a model is that equating long-run marginal cost of timber production and price will achieve an optimal allocation of forest land and other economic resources to timber growing. A fundamental issue is how much timber investment can the nation afford when the real economic benefits of the investment are compared with the economic benefits that could be obtained from possible alternative uses of the resources required by the investment. The earlier work has emphasized ecological issues and biological assumptions. This paper focuses primarily on the treatment and valuation of labor, capital and other inputs in forest management. Bangladesh is used as a case study. Inflationary trends are excluded from the analysis, so that all values are dealt with in "real" terms. The opportunity cost of capital in the economy as a whole is an appropriate measure of the real interest rate. This was estimated to be approximately 4%, based on the real growth in productivity of the Bangladesh economy in the 1980s. The market prices of some inputs may be distorted by various influences, such as taxes and subsidies, minimum wage levels, tariffs and import quotas, price controls and so forth. To deal with this problem, opportunity costs (shadow prices) were used where appropriate. These shadow prices measure the value of a commodity or a service from the viewpoint of the economy as a whole. In the case of unskilled labor, the shadow price was set at 75% of the market wage rate. For skilled labor, the full market rate was used. The level of interest rates (opportunity costs of investment capital) plays an important role in the analysis because of the necessity of compounding costs to a target year. Variation on the basic model were run to demonstrate the effect of changing these interest rates on prices, and on levels of output, land allocations and employment. Increasing interest rates had substantial effects on prices, but only a minor effect on the other phenomena because of the inelasticity of the demand schedule.
Acute Coronary Syndromes: Extending Medical Intervention for Five Days Before Proceeding to Revascularization

Abstract Intensive medical therapy before percutaneous coronary intervention appears to improve results in patients with unstable angina and non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (MI). In this review of treatment strategies for patients with acute coronary syndromes, an “aggressive conservative” approach based on that used in the FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease (FRISC II) trial is recommended. In FRISC II, an early (but not emergent) invasive therapeutic procedure undertaken within 7 days of starting open-label dalteparin lowered the risk of death and MI in moderate- and high-risk patients and resulted in better and more rapid symptom relief and fewer hospital readmissions than the noninvasive approach. The early treatment period represents a critical juncture in the spectrum of care for patients with unstable angina and affords physicians the best opportunity to educate them about the importance of risk factor modification. Informed consent is also an important issue, particularly in the event of ad hoc coronary intervention. The optimal treatment plan must include considerations of length of hospitalization, medication requirements, and the potential for symptom recurrence or need for hospital readmission. Finally, tailoring therapy for individual patients and establishing appropriate timing of procedures will help ensure the best possible outcome.
Novel and previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human 5-HT1B receptor gene: No association with cocaine or alcohol abuse or dependence

Evidence from animal self-administration and human genetics studies suggests that the serotonin1B (5-HT1B) receptor may be involved in modulating responses to cocaine or alcohol. We hypothesize that polymorphisms, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in the human 5-HT1B receptor gene, may be associated with individual differences in vulnerability to cocaine or alcohol abuse or dependence. A total of 210 subjects were studied, including individuals with a primary diagnosis (DSM-IV criteria) of cocaine abuse or dependence, alcohol abuse or dependence, and controls with no history of previous or current illicit drug or alcohol abuse or dependence. Genomic DNA samples were isolated from each individual. For 157 of the subjects, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the entire coding region of the 5-HT1B receptor gene as well as parts of the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions. PCR products were sequenced in forward and reverse directions on an automated sequencer. Amplified DNA from an additional 53 subjects was sequenced in the 5′ untranslated region to gain additional data on the frequency of one identified SNP. Seven polymorphisms were identified: one novel SNP in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the gene (A-161T); one SNP not reported in any published scientific communication (but found to be recorded in GenBank) in the 3′ UTR (A1180G); two novel dinucleotide deletions at positions − 184/− 183 and − 182/− 181; and three previously identified SNPs (T-261G, C129T, G861C). Data were stratified by ethnicity and pooled Relative Risk was calculated for combined alcohol abuse and dependence cases and controls, and also for combined cocaine abuse and dependence cases and controls. No significant differences between cases and controls were found. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Identification of acidic steroids in feces of monkeys fed β‐sitosterol

Vervet monkeys were fed a suspension of β-sitosterol in corn oil Acidic steroids, were separated from a 4-day pool of feces and subjected, after fraction, to gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Evidence for the presence of derivatives of 27-carboxysitosterol, 27-carboxysitostanol and 7-hydroxy, 27-carboxysitostanol is adduced.
Effects of thiorphan on the antinociceptive actions of intrathecal [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalin

Abstract The intrathecal administration of thiorphan (dl-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropranoyl-glycine) had no effect in doses up to 70 μg on the rat hot plate and tail flick. Administration of these doses of thiorphan concurrently or up to 1 h prior to the intrathecal administration of [D-Ala 2 ,Met 5 ]enkephalin resulted in a dose dependent, leftward shift in the peptide dose response curve. The potentiation was maximal with 35 μg, higher doses producing no greater potentiation. The potentiated effects of [D-Ala 2 ,Met 5 ]enkephalin were totally antagonized by systemically administered naloxone. Similarly, in the primate, concurrent administration of 800 μg of thiorphan, resulted in a significant potentiation of intrathecally administered [D-Ala 2 ,Met 5 ]enkephalin. The administration of thiorphan alone in doses up to 70 μg, had little effect on the hot plate or tail flick in the rat. 200 μg resulted in a significant increase in hot plate, but not tail flick response latency. This increase observed on the hot plate, was partially antagonized by naloxone. In the primate, doses of intrathecal thiorphan (400–800 μg) had no effect on the shock titration threshold. Higher doses resulted in an increase in the titration threshold, which was not antagonized by naloxone. These experiments appear to indicate the relevance of a thiorphan-sensitive inactivation system in the spinal cord to the relative potency of exogenously administered opioid peptides.
Comment on the Jaffe-Shapiro Definition of Velocity

How should one define the speed of a freely falling particle as measured by an observer who is far from the gravitating body? Jaffe and Shapiro offered an answer, one which says that a very fast particle slows down as it falls. The present paper first offers an alternative definition, one which implies that both slow and fast particles speed up as they full. Then the paper argues that the defining procedure of Jaffe and Shapiro is incomplete and that, when completed in an invariant manner, will yield a substantially different behavior.
Mass scales and symmetry breaking in SU(15) grand unification.

We carefully analyze the recently suggested grand unified model based on the gauge group SU(15). We discuss various bounds on the scales imposed by rare processes. We point out that baryon number is part of the gauge symmetry of the model. We propose changes that get rid of a massless gauge boson corresponding to the unbroken baryon-number symmetry present in the original model.
Graphical analysis of the I-V characteristics of generalized p-n-p-n devices

A new form of the basic equation for the I-V characteristics of a generalized p-n-p-n device is derived. Approximations are then introduced to obtain a simplified basic equation in which all current-dependent terms appear on one side of the equation and all voltage-dependent terms on the other. A graphical technique for solving the simplified device equation is then described and used to develop and illuminate the family resemblance among a large number of related p-n junction devices; viz., the p-n junction diode, the p-n-p diode, the p-n-p transistor, the p-n-p-n diode, and the p-n-p-n triode.
Xrcc3 is recruited to DNA double strand breaks early and independent of Rad51

Rad51-mediated homologous recombination (HR) is essential for maintenance of genome integrity. The Xrcc3 protein functions in HR DNA repair, and studies suggest it has multiple roles at different stages in this pathway. Defects in vertebrate XRCC3 result in elevated levels of spontaneous and DNA damage-induced chromosomal abnormalities, as well as increased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents. Formation of DNA damaged-induced nuclear Rad51 foci requires Xrcc3 and the other Rad51 paralog proteins (Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, Xrcc2), thus supporting a model in which an early function of Xrcc3 involves promoting assembly of active Rad51 repair complexes. However, it is not known whether Xrcc3 or other Rad51 paralog proteins accumulate at DNA breaks, and if they do whether their stable association with breaks requires Rad51. Here we report for the first time that Xrcc3 forms distinct foci in human cells and that nuclear Xrcc3 begins to localize at sites of DNA damage within 10 min after radiation treatment. RNAi-mediated knock down of Rad51 has no effect on the DNA damage-induced localization of Xrcc3 to DNA breaks. Our data are consistent with a model in which Xrcc3 associates directly with DNA breaks independent of Rad51, and subsequently facilitates formation of the Rad51 nucleoprotein filament.
Optimum controller design for a spray drying process

Spray dryers represent an important unit operation in industries such as pharmaceuticals and food. Here, a spray drying process that produces micro-particles is used to investigate controller design in two approaches. The first approach assumes the process design is complete and then applies optimal control theory to synthesize the controller. The second approach assumes that both the process and controller designs are to be found together and uses a hierarchical decision-based approach to arrive at the optimal designs. Results are presented to show the possible coupling between the optimal designs that are overlooked in the serial approach.
State-Space Approach to Modeling and Ripple Reduction in AC–DC Converters

This brief develops a systematic state-space approach to the modeling of boost type ac-dc converters and reduction of output ripples. The bridge rectifier voltage is modeled as a periodic disturbance whose harmonics have given frequencies but uncertain phases and magnitudes. These types of disturbances are described as the output of an external autonomous linear system, called an exogenous system, with uncertain initial conditions. The exogenous system is integrated with the boost converter as a whole system in state-space description. The whole system is a nonlinear system whose differential equation has a bilinear term, which is handled by an inclusion. Via a recently developed Lyapunov framework, the problem of ripple reduction is converted into a numerically efficient optimization problem, which involves linear matrix inequalities. The resulting feedback law is a simple linear state-feedback. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the theoretical approach and design method.
Fatty acid oxidation in cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria is unaffected by deletion of CD36

Recent studies found that the plasma membrane fatty acid transport protein CD36 also resides in mitochondrial membranes in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Pharmacological studies suggest that CD36 may play an essential role in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We isolated cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondria from wild type and CD36 knock-out mice. There were no differences between wild type and CD36 knock-out mice in mitochondrial respiration with palmitoyl-CoA, palmitoyl-carnitine or glutamate as substrate. We investigated a potential alternative role for CD36 in mitochondria, i.e. the export of fatty acids generated in the matrix. Palmitate export was not different between wild type and CD36 knock-out mice. Taken together, CD36 does not appear to play an essential role in mitochondrial uptake of fatty acids or export of fatty acid anions.
Early experience influences adult retention of aversively motivated tasks in normal, but not DSP4‐treated rats

Sprague-Dawley rat pups were injected with DSP4 or water within 48 hr of birth and tested as adults in an inhibitory avoidance task and in a Y-maze discrimination reversal task. Half of the animals were also tested as juveniles during postnatal weeks 4-5, in tasks assessing odor preferences and general investigatory behavior. Controls, but not drug-treated adults, which received the juvenile testing, showed significantly better retention on both tasks than either controls or drug-treated animals not tested as juveniles. Neonatal DSP4 significantly reduced norepinephrine concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, but not the heart. The results suggest that central norepinephrine may modulate the effects of early experience on adult learning.
The Effect of Cottonseed Oil on the Hatchability of Eggs

Abstract STUDIES by various investigators have shown that cottonseed meal may replace part of the animal protein in rations for laying hens, but few results of its effect upon hatchability of eggs are available. Ahrens (1917) found that eggs produced on a ration containing 6 percent cottonseed meal hatched as well as, or better than, eggs produced on a ration containing meal scrap, but on a ration containing 20 percent cottonseed meal hatchability was reduced. Berry (1930) found that a ration containing 15 percent cottonseed meal gave a 30 percent reduction in hatchability as compared with a tankage ration. In this experiment the hens were on alfalfa range. Kempster (1930) reported that hatchability of eggs may be affected by the use of cottonseed meal in the laying ration. Morgan (1931) reported very unsatisfactory hatchability of eggs from hens fed on rations in which cottonseed meal replaced meat scraps. Further studies at . . .
Employee Assistance Program (EAP) Referral Agents' Conceptions of the Causes and Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

Analyses of general population surveys have suggested that individuals who concur with the view that alcohol dependence is a disease prefer it be treated by physicians, rather than through the techniques advocated by proponents of the Employee Assistance Program (EAP) core technology. This study examined relationships between beliefs regarding the causes of alcohol dependence and its effective treatment among a sample of individuals who make treatment referrals for employees with behavioral-medical problems. Analyses presented here indicate that, among these referral agents, support for the disease model is more consistent with treatment modalities favored by long-time EAP proponents.
The photocatalytic decomposition of chloroform by tetrachloroaurate(III)

Near-UV irradiation of solutions of (Bu4N)AuCl4 in aerated ethanol-stabilized chloroform causes the continuous decomposition of chloroform, as evidenced by the production of many equivalents of HCl and peroxides. At the outset of irradiation, most of the AuCl4 − is reduced to AuCl2 −, but the reduction stops and is reversed. The same experiments done in ethanol-free chloroform cause chloroform decomposition only until the irreversible reduction of the gold is complete. In deoxygenated ethanol-free chloroform, irreversible reduction to AuCl2 − is accompanied by the formation of HCl and CCl4, while the main decomposition products in deoxygenated ethanol-stabilized chloroform are HCl and C2Cl6. It is proposed that, in ethanol-free chloroform, photoreduction of AuCl4 − begins with the concerted elimination of HCl from an association complex of CHCl3 with AuCl4 −, and that ethanol suppresses $$ \{ {\text{CHCl}}_{3} \cdot {\text{AuCl}}_{4}^{ - } \} $$ complex formation, leaving a slower radical process to carry out the photoreduction of AuCl4 − in ethanol-stabilized chloroform. In the presence of oxygen, the radical process causes a build-up of CCl3OOH, which reoxidizes AuCl2 − to AuCl4 − and allows the photodecomposition of CHCl3 to continue indefinitely.
Distinct roles of different forms of vitamin E in DHA-induced apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

cope Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to exhibit anticancer actions in vitro and in vivo in a variety of cancers. Here, we investigated the role for DHA in inducing apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and studied the mechanisms of action. Methods and results DHA induces apoptosis as detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay as well as induces cleavage of caspase-8 and -9, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and elevated levels of death receptor-5 (DR5) protein expression as detected by western blot assays. Chemical inhibitors of caspase-8 and -9 and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) show DHA to induce ERS/CHOP/DR5-mediated caspase-8 and -9 dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, DHA induces elevated cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant; RRR-α-tocopherol (αT) blocked DHA-induced apoptotic events. In contrast to the antagonistic impact of αT, gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) was demonstrated to cooperate with DHA in inducing apoptotic events in TNBC cells. Conclusion Data, for the first time, demonstrate that DHA induces apoptosis in TNBC cells via activation of ERS/CHOP/DR5-mediated caspase-8 and -9 dependent pro-apoptotic events, and that different forms of vitamin E exhibit distinct effects on DHA-induced apoptosis; namely, inhibition by αT and enhancement by γT3.
Digital ultrasonic image construction using electronic ordered dither techniques

The use of a digital microprocessor based system for the acquisition of ultrasonic C-scan information is investigated. The C-scan information is displayed on a binary display device using electronic ordered dither techniques to represent gray levels. The digital system with a binary display increases system flexibility and yields better reproducibility and constant image quality independent of the display medium. Images may be stored on magnetic tape or disk for later retrieval and image processing. The techniques which are described allow for image magnification and a reduction in scan time by replacing the mechanical linkage between the scanner and the display with digital signals. A detailed comparison is made between two dither signals, and the advantages of each are discussed. The combination of digital signal processing and imaging techniques produces results which utilize the capabilities of ultrasonic inspection to the point where the transducer becomes the limiting factor.
Lattice vibrations in δ -plutonium: Molecular dynamics calculation

Analysis of previous experimental neutron diffraction measurements has shown that the amplitude of lattice vibrations in $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$ alloys increases more rapidly than linearly with temperature. Using a recently developed Modified Embedded Atom Method (MEAM) potential for the $\mathrm{Pu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ga}$ system, molecular dynamics (MD) calculations show an almost linear increase of the lattice vibrations with temperature. However, these same MD calculations show that the predicted neutron diffraction peak intensities vary with temperature in a nonlinear fashion similar to experiment. By using two MEAM models of Pu, the first including both itinerant and localized $f$-electron behavior and the second, identical to the first, but with the itinerant $f$-electron behavior suppressed, this non-Debye behavior is shown to arise directly from the Pu itinerant $f$-electrons in the model and the resultant metastability of $\ensuremath{\delta}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Pu}$.
A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING MEAN ANNUAL FLOOD IN NEW ENGLAND1

(1963). A MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL MODEL FOR PREDICTING MEAN ANNUAL FLOOD IN NEW ENGLAND1. Annals of the Association of American Geographers: Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 298-311.
Fat metabolism in various forms of experimental obesity. VI. Instantaneous lipogenesis in hypothalamic obese mice

Bei Mausen und Ratten mit hypothalamischer Fettsucht beobachtet man bei Futterungad libitum vermehrte Fettbildung, die zuruckgeht, wenn man die Tiere hungern lasst. Diese Befunde lassen auf einen «regulatorischen» und nicht «metabolischen» Charakter dieser Fettsucht schliessen.
Maximum likelihood estimation of un1modal and decreasing densities based on arbitrarily right-censored data

Nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of decreasing and unimodal density functions based on observations subject to arbitrary right censorship is considered. The maximum likelihood estimator of both types of densities is shown to exist and is a step function. The estimators may be computed for small samples by maximizing nonlinear equations subject to linear constraints, and the SUMT algorithm for constrained nonlinear optimization is used for the necessary calculations in an example.
Broadband High Directivity Multibeam Emission Through Transformation Optics-Enabled Metamaterial Lenses

A new broadband two- and three-dimensional, polarization independent coordinate transformation is introduced that is capable of mapping the radiation from an embedded omnidirectional source into any desired number of highly directive beams pointed in arbitrary directions. This transformation requires anisotropic materials, yet is spatially invariant and thereby can be readily implemented by currently existing metamaterial technologies. Moreover, the performance of the transformation is not sensitive to small material parameter variations, thus enabling a broad operational bandwidth. To validate the concept, a broadband 3-D coordinate transformation metamaterial lens fed by a simple monopole antenna was designed, fabricated and characterized, achieving a quad-beam radiation pattern over a 1.26:1 bandwidth with approximately 6-dB realized gain improvement in the $H$ -plane. In addition, the near-field coupling between the monopole and the lens was carefully tuned to accomplish a remarkable 70% broadening of the impedance bandwidth compared to the monopole antenna operating alone. It is also shown from the field simulations that the realized metamaterial lens provides both near-field and far-field 3-D collimating effects.
Chemical Vapor Deposited Teflon Amorphous Fluoropolymer as an Interlevel Dielectric Material for Low Power Integrated Circuits

The development of materials with dielectric constant (K) less than SiO2 (K=3.9) is essential to meet the stringent speed, power dissipation and crosstalk requirements that are driving the low power integrated circuit (IC) paradigm. Both the low K dielectric and the processing methodology used for it should satisfy several important criteria before the technique can be accepted in future mainstream low power IC manufacturing. We had reported earlier a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique for the deposition of DuPont's Teflon amorphous fluoropolymer 1600 (bulk K=1.93) using the principle of direct liquid injection. The processing was carried out with and without an ultra violet (UV) light source in a computerized rapid isothermal processing (RIP) system. Recently, we have extensively characterized the films and examined the suitability of our technique in light of some of the requirements of the future IC industry. Our results indicate that the processed films exceed several of the established dielectric performance standards outlined in recent roadmaps for sub 0.25 μm ICs. The film properties were improved when the UV source was used during processing. CVD processed films in general demonstrated significant improvements in terms of manufacturability, throughput, cost, and dielectric properties over the same films processed by alternate techniques.
Maternal depressive symptoms not associated with reduced height in young children in a US prospective cohort study

Background: Shorter stature is associated with greater all cause and heart disease mortality, but taller stature with increased risk of cancer mortality. Though childhood environment is important in determining height, limited data address how maternal depression affects linear growth in children. We examined the relationships between antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms and child height and linear growth from birth to age 3 years in a U.S. sample. Methods: Subjects were 872 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective pre-birth cohort study. The study population is relatively advantaged with high levels of income and education and low risk of food insecurity. We assessed maternal depression at mid-pregnancy (mean 28 weeks’ gestation) and 6 months postpartum with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score .=13 on 0–30 scale indicating probable depression). Child outcomes at age 3 were height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and leg length. HAZ was also available at birth and ages 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years. Findings: Seventy (8.0%) women experienced antenatal depression and 64 (7.3%) experienced postpartum depression. The mean (SD) height for children age 3 was 97.2 cm (4.2), with leg length of 41.6 cm (2.6). In multivariable linear regression models, exposure to postpartum depression was associated with greater HAZ (0.37 [95% confidence interval: 0.16, 0.58]) and longer leg length (0.88 cm [0.35, 1.41]). The relationship between postpartum depression and greater HAZ was evident starting at 6 months and continued to age 3. We found minimal relationships between antenatal depression and child height outcomes. Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that maternal depression is associated with reduced height in children in this relatively advantaged sample in a high-income country.
Nonequilibrium Solvation and the Quantum Kramers Problem: Proton Transfer in Aqueous Glycine†

We study the intramolecular proton transfer in the amino acid glycine in aqueous solution. We show that this system is an example of nonequilibrium solvation, where the proton-transfer step is fast and the solvent relaxes afterward. We show how the physical picture of equilibrium vs nonequilibrium solvation arises naturally within the framework of the quantized Zwanzig Hamiltonian.
Characteristics of injection drug users derived from a large family study of alcoholism

Most descriptive studies on injection drug users (IDUs) has used treatment or referral samples. This study uses relatives ascertained through the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) to describe patterns of drug use, psychiatric comorbidity, and selected high-risk behaviors among IDUs not ascertained through treatment or other referral networks. Relatives (N = 5,520) of alcoholic probands were administered a semistructured interview, the Semistructured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA), which assesses lifetime psychiatric symptoms and psychoactive substance use. IDUs were compared with these who had never used cannabis more than 20 times or other drugs more than 10 times (minimal drug use group), those who had used cannabis more than 20 times but no other illicit drugs more than 18 times (cannabis users), and those who had used other drugs more than 10 times but who had never injected (other drug users). Compared with other drug users, IDUs reported using more classes of drugs and began drug use at an earlier age. IDUs were significantly more likely to receive diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and alcohol dependence, and reported elevated rates of suicidal ideas and attempts. IDUs were more likely to report a variety of behavioral difficulties beginning before age 15, and were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Half of the IDUs reported having shared needles; shares were more likely to receive a diagnosis of ASPD, but did not differ on reporting high-risk behaviors. IDUs, regardless of whether selected through treatment, have high lifetime rates of mood disturbance and ASPD, and are likely to have a history of conduct difficulties beginning before age 15 years and to subsequently engage in a variety of other high-risk behaviors.
Pulse broadening and two-frequency mutual coherence function of the scattered wave from rough surfaces

Abstract Analytical expressions for the two-frequency mutual coherence function and angular correlation function of the scattered wave from rough surfaces based on the Kirchhoff approximation are presented. The coherence bandwidth depends on the illumination area as well as on the incident and scattered angles and the surface characteristics. Scattered pulse shapes are calculated as the Fourier transform of the two-frequency mutual coherence function. Calculations based on analytical solutions are compared with millimetre wave experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations showing good agreement.
Relation of Sense of Humor to Intelligence

(1962). Relation of Sense of Humor to Intelligence. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 143-147.