cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Palmitoylation of claudins is required for efficient tight-junction localization.

Palmitoylation of integral membrane proteins can affect intracellular trafficking, protein-protein interactions and protein stability. The goal of the present study was to determine whether claudins, transmembrane-barrier-forming proteins of the tight junction, are palmitoylated and whether this modification has functional implications for the tight-junction barrier. Claudin-14, like other members of the claudin family, contains membrane-proximal cysteines following both the second and the fourth transmembrane domains, which we speculated could be modified by S -acylation with palmitic acid. We observed that [ 3 H]-palmitic acid was incorporated into claudin-14 expressed by transfection in both cultured epithelial cells and fibroblasts. Mutation of cysteines to serines following either the second or the fourth transmembrane segments decreased the incorporation of [ 3 H]-palmitic acid, and mutation of all four cysteines eliminated palmitoylation. We previously reported that expression of claudin-14 in epithelial monolayers results in a fivefold increase in electrical resistance. By contrast, expression of the mutant claudin-14 resulted in smaller increases in resistance. The mutants localized less well to tight junctions and were also found in lysosomes, suggesting an alteration in trafficking or stability. However, we observed no change in protein half-life and only a small shift in fractionation out of caveolin-enriched detergent-resistant membranes. Although less well localized to the tight junction, palmitoylation-deficient claudin-14 was still concentrated at sites of cell-cell contact and was competent to assemble into freeze-fracture strands when expressed in fibroblasts. These results demonstrate that palmitoylation of claudin-14 is required for efficient localization into tight junctions but not stability or strand assembly. Decreased ability of the mutants to alter resistance is probably the result of their less efficient localization into the barrier.
FROM THE FIRM GROUND OF RESULT AND FACT TO THE TOSSING SEA OF CAUSE AND THEORY: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT*

Are government policies of any real significance in shaping the pattern of development in metropolitan regions? This essay summarizes the widely-held view that ‘economic forces’ determine the distribution of jobs and residences in urban areas, and argues that this conclusion involves serious conceptual difficulties. The essay then shows how the theory of political influence and related concepts can be used to clarify the issue of causation in urban development, and summarizes the authors' own substantive conclusions—that under certain specifiable conditions government activities do have a highly significant role in shaping metropolitan growth.
Incidence of phenotypic female chinook salmon positive for the male Y-chromosome-specific marker OtY1 in the Central Valley, California

Abstract Fall-run chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha collected during 1999 carcass surveys of seven locations within the Sacramento River basin and six locations within the San Joaquin River basin, California, were screened using the Y-chromosome-specific marker OtY1 to evaluate inconsistencies between sexual genotype and phenotype. Of 287 phenotypic females screened, 46 (16% overall) tested positive for the Y-chromosome marker. Stream populations had higher frequencies of sex-reversed males (American River, 20%; Battle Creek, 35%; Feather River, 20%; Merced River, 24%; Mokelumne River, 38%; and Yuba River, 25%) than hatchery populations (Feather River Hatchery, 0%; Nimbus Hatchery, 12%; Merced River Hatchery, 14%; and Mokelumne River Hatchery, 4%), and several other streams had intermediate frequencies. All 150 male fall-run chinook salmon from the sampling locations tested positive for the Y-chromosome marker. These results present evidence that some genetic males have been sex reversed and have th...
Comparing the epistemologies of scientific disciplines in two distinct domains: modern physics versus social sciences. I: The epistemology and knowledge characteristics of the physical sciences

Part I describes the epistemology and characteristics of knowledge of a typical physical science such as physics. Classical physics is contrasted with modern particle physics. The impact of the main scientific discoveries of contemporary physics on the development of ‘hard’ sciences domains is surveyed. The ‘hard’ sciences are engaged in an epistemological debate with the ‘soft’ sciences which reveals divergent trends concerning how the complexity–simplicity and the precision–imprecision characteristics of their respective problem domains are formalized. The outlines of this debate between ‘hard’ sciences, covered in Part I, and ‘soft’ sciences, the subject of Part II, become apparent when outlining how their respective epistemologies are evolving. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbial Cycling of C and N in Northern Hardwood Forests Receiving Chronic Atmospheric NO 3 − Deposition

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)-dominated northern hardwood forests in the upper Lakes States region appear to be particularly sensitive to chronic atmospheric NO 3 − deposition. Experimental NO 3 − deposition (3 g NO 3 − N m−2 y−1) has significantly reduced soil respiration and increased the export of DOC/DON and NO 3 − across the region. Here, we evaluate the possibility that diminished microbial activity in mineral soil was responsible for these ecosystem-level responses to NO 3 − deposition. To test this alternative, we measured microbial biomass, respiration, and N transformations in the mineral soil of four northern hardwood stands that have received 9 years of experimental NO 3 − deposition. Microbial biomass, microbial respiration, and daily rates of gross and net N transformations were not changed by NO 3 − deposition. We also observed no effect of NO 3 − deposition on annual rates of net N mineralization. However, NO 3 − deposition significantly increased (27%) annual net nitrification, a response that resulted from rapid microbial NO 3 − assimilation, the subsequent turnover of NH 4 + , and increased substrate availability for this process. Nonetheless, greater rates of net nitrification were insufficient to produce the 10-fold observed increase in NO 3 − export, suggesting that much of the exported NO 3 − resulted directly from the NO 3 − deposition treatment. Results suggest that declines in soil respiration and increases in DOC/DON export cannot be attributed to NO 3 − -induced physiological changes in mineral soil microbial activity. Given the lack of response we have observed in mineral soil, our results point to the potential importance of microbial communities in forest floor, including both saprotrophs and mycorrhizae, in mediating ecosystem-level responses to chronic NO 3 − deposition in Lake States northern hardwood forests.
Rehearsal effectiveness as a function of similarity of rehearsal activities to a paired-associate task

Rehearsal conditions were compared which varied in their degree of similarity to a task of learning paired associates. From greater to lesser similarity the conditions were: Stimulus Present, Blank List, Color Guessing, and Joke Reading. A comparison group continued directly into the criterion trials. Higher degrees of rehearsal similarity resulted in superior performances on the first recall trial after rehearsal. Learning performances on additional criterion trials were not influenced beyond the residual effects of the first recall. A preliminary experiment provided evidence that covert rehearsal to a continued presentation of stimuli is as beneficial as overt rehearsal.
Perturbations and Coupling in the d 9 sp Configurations of Cu i, Zn ii, Ag i, Cd ii, and Tl iii

Application of intermediate coupling theory to 3d94s4p in Cu i and Zn ii revealed strong perturbations that could not be due to configuration types 3d10nl. The 3d94s4p levels except 4s4p(1P°)3d9 2P° were then fitted by including interaction with 3d84s24p. Energy parameters for 3d84s24p, for which no experimental levels are known, were fixed at values based on related spectra. The results show that this interaction accounts for the major distortions of 3d94s4p in Cu i and Zn ii. The resulting interaction-parameter values appear consistent with values for related iron-group spectra. The discrepancies between calculated and experimental positions for (¹P0)3d9²P012,12 are consistent with known 3d10np2P0 series perturbations in Cu i, Zn ii. Calculations without interaction for 4d95s5p in Ag i and Cd ii indicate interaction with 4d85s25p, but weaker than the corresponding interaction in the Cu i sequence. The levels of Tl iii (5d96s6p+5d107p) were fitted with configuration interaction. One experimental d9sp level is rejected in Zn ii, Ag i, and Tl iii. Corresponding new levels are found for Zn ii and Ag i. Leading eigenvector components for the d9sp levels in the [sp(SILI), d9]SL and [sp(SILI)JI, (d9)JII]J coupling schemes are given for all five spectra. The Tl iii levels are assigned JIJII names as most appropriate.
An MRI-based method for measuring volume, thickness and surface area of entorhinal, perirhinal, and posterior parahippocampal cortex

Several quantitative MRI-based protocols have been developed for measuring the volume of entorhinal (ERC), perirhinal (PRC), and posterior parahippocampal (PPHC) cortex. However, since the volume of a cortical region is a composite measure, relating directly to both thickness and surface area, it would be ideal to be able to quantify all of these morphometric measures, particularly since disease-related processes, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may preferentially affect thickness. This study describes a novel protocol for measuring the thickness, surface area, and volume of these three medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions. Participants included 29 younger normal subjects (ages 18-30), 47 older normal subjects (ages 66-90), and 29 patients with mild AD (ages 56-90). Cortical surface models were reconstructed from the gray/white and gray/cerebrospinal fluid boundaries, and a hybrid visualization approach was implemented to trace the ERC, PRC, and PPHC using both orthogonal MRI slice- and cortical surface-based visualization of landmarks. Anatomic variants of the collateral sulcus (CS) were classified in all 105 participants, and the relationship between CS variants and corresponding morphometric measures was examined. One CS variant - deep, uninterrupted CS not connected with nearby sulci - was the most common configuration and was associated with thinner cortex within the ERC and PRC regions. This novel protocol enables the reliable measurement of both the thickness and surface area of ERC, PRC, and PPHC.
FABSYN: floorplan-aware bus architecture synthesis

As system-on-chip (SoC) designs become more complex, it is becoming harder to design communication architectures to handle the ever increasing volumes of inter-component communication. Manual traversal of the vast communication design space to synthesize a communication architecture that meets performance requirements becomes infeasible. In this paper, we address this problem by proposing an automated approach for floorplan-aware bus architecture synthesis (FABSYN) to synthesize cost-effective, bus-based communication architectures that satisfy the performance constraints in a design. Our synthesis approach incorporates a high-level floorplanning and wire delay estimation engine to evaluate the feasibility of the synthesized bus architecture and detect bus cycle time violations early in the design How, at the system level. We present case studies of network communication SoC subsystems for which we synthesized bus architectures, detected and eliminated timing violations, and generated core placements in a matter of hours instead of several days for a manual effort.
Money and motivational activation

Different aspects of people's interactions with money are best conceptualized using the drug and tool theories. The key question is when these models of money are most likely to guide behavior. We suggest that the Drug Theory characterizes motivationally active uses of money and that the Tool Theory characterizes behavior in motivationally cool situations.
MR-Guided Delivery and Tracking of Cellular Therapeutics

Cellular therapy describes the process of introducing new cells into a damaged or diseased system to treat a disease. Compared to systemic therapy, this highly targeted local delivery provides a therapeutic efficacy with few systemic effects. Cell tracking is an essential part of developing and understanding cellular therapy. Although there are other modalities that can be used both for cell delivery and for cell tracking, MR is preferable due to its inherent soft tissue and vascular contrast, exquisite anatomic detail, multiplanar capabilities, and lack of ionizing radiation. In this chapter, we will first review agents available for labeling and visualizing cells using MR. The underlying physics, types of agents, methods of cell labeling, and MR imaging techniques will be discussed. We will then briefly discuss some specialized examples of device-tracking for MR-guided cell delivery followed by a sampling of clinical trials.
Prescriptions for a toxic combination: use of methotrexate plus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the United States.

OBJECTIVES To determine the frequency of using the potentially toxic combination of methotrexate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) in outpatient practice in the United States. METHODS Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for 1993-2010 were used to assess the frequency of using methotrexate with TMP-SMX and associated physician specialties and diagnoses. RESULTS TMP-SMX was coprescribed in 22,000 methotrexate visits per year (1.0% of methotrexate visits). Pediatricians prescribed the combination most frequently, and the most common diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia. There was no significant change over time in coprescription of TMP-SMX with methotrexate (P = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose TMP-SMX with methotrexate chemotherapy appears to be standard for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, other uses appear questionable, and clinicians should be cognizant of the risk for fatal interactions, especially when medications are prescribed by multiple providers.
Nanomaterials for radiation shielding

This article reviews the application of nanomaterials for radiation shielding to protect humans from the hazards of radiation in space. The focus is on protection from space radiation, including galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), solar particle events (SPEs), and neutrons generated from the interactions of the GCR and SPEs with the intervening matter. Although the emphasis is on protecting humans, protection of electronics is also considered. There is a significant amount of work in the literature on materials for radiation shielding in terrestrial applications, such as for neutrons from nuclear reactors; however, the space environment poses additional and greater challenges because the incident particles can have high charges and extremely high energies. For materials to be considered for radiation shielding in space, they should perform more than just the radiation-shielding function; hence the emphasis is on multifunctional materials. In space, there is also the need for materials to be very lightweight and capable of surviving temperature extremes and withstanding mechanical loading. Nanomaterials could play a significant role as multifunctional radiation-shielding materials in space.
A Control Strategy of Active Power Intelligent Control System for Large Cluster of Wind Farms Part Two Coordination Control for Shared Transmission of Wind Power and Thermal Power

According to the characteristics of shared transmission of wind power and thermal power,based on the principle of prioritizing wind power and improving the transmission corridor utilizing efficiency,an active power control strategy is proposed for the shared transmission of wind power and thermal power.Its difference and cooperation with the control target of traditional automatic generation control(AGC),the coordination control methods for wind power and thermal power,the calculating method for thermal power adjustment,and the method for distributing output power among coal-fired plants or in a coal-fired plant itself are proposed.The relatively good results for putting the proposed strategy into actual operation in Gansu power grid prove its feasibility.
Effect of hydrazine on transport in toad urinary bladder

Vasopressin stimulates osmotic water flow and urea permeability in the toad urinary bladder via separate cAMP-responsive mechanisms. Hydrazine (10–20 mM), added to the bladder's serosal bath, reversibly enhanced the effect of both low and saturating levels of vasopressin on osmotic water flow, without increasing urea permeability. A small increase in basal water flow was also observed. Cyclic AMP-stimulated water flow was not altered by hydrazine, but hydrazine enhanced the effect of both 8-bromo-cyclic AMP and methylisobutylxanthine. Hydrazine increased luminal membrane aggregate frequency in vasopressin-treated tissues examined by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Hydrazine increased both basal and vasopressin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. We could measure no effect of hydrazine on cAMP content; however hydrazine did increase the protein kinase activity ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP) in vasopressin-treated tissues, suggesting that the kinase activity ratio is more sensitive than cAMP content as an inde...
Decreased plasma protein binding of diazoxide in uremia.

The effect of uremia on the binding of diazoxide to plasma proteins was studied. An equilibrium dialysis technique, using diazoxide-14C at approximately 30 and 300 µg/ml in the plasma phase, was used to measure diazoxide binding to plasma. Serum albumin concentration (Alb) and serum creatinine (Cr) or blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were negatively correlated. By single regression analysis, per cent free diazoxide (%FD) correlated negatively with Alb and positively with Cr or BUN. When %FD was regressed simultaneously against Alb and Cr or BUN, Alb emerged as the sole determinant of %FD (p < 0.001), indicating that creatinine or BUN correlated with %FD by their inverse correlation to Alb rather than by an effect on drug protein binding. At the levels of Alb studied, %FD varied over a 2-fold range. In a retrospective study of the influence of uremia on diazoxide effect in hypertensive patients, a relatively low correlation (r, 0.59) was found between BUN and hypotensive effect. Prospective studies involving correlations of drug effect with renal function and %FD are required to assess the clinical importance of decreased binding of diazoxide to uremic plasma.
Void Shape in Sintered Titanium

Void shape in sintered materials is important because the shape affects both physical and plastic-deformation problems. For example, the mechanical stress distribution around a disc-shape void differs drastically from that around a spherical void [1]. Thompson, Spitzig, and coworkers [2,3] made ultrasonic studies on compacted iron. Haynes [4] reviewed the general topic of mechanical properties of sintered materials.
Immunomodulatory therapy with anti-interleukin-1 after photorefractive keratectomy in the New Zealand white rabbit

Purpose To examine the safety and efficacy of topical anti-interleukin-1 (anti-IL-1) following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in rabbit eyes. Setting Joint Warfighter Refractive Surgery Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods After standard PRK, 48 eyes of 24 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 treatment arms and 1 control arm. Eyes in the treatment arms were randomized to receive fluorometholone 0.1% or an anti-IL-1 suspension (2.50 mg, 1.25 mg, or 0.25 mg doses) plus standard moxifloxacin, balanced salt solution (BSS), and an ocular lubricant (Systane) 4 times a day. Control eyes received only moxifloxacin, balanced salt solution, and ocular lubricant. Results No adverse events were observed with anti-IL-1. The safety of anti-IL-1 was affirmed because there was no statistically significant difference in time to epithelial closure, foam-layer histology and thickness, or final stromal thickness measurements between the anti-IL-1 and the steroid or control groups. No increase in haze was observed with anti-IL-1. There was a trend toward decreased haze with anti-IL-1 at several data points compared with the control and steroid groups. Finally, there was a trend toward less haze in all metrics at almost every timepoint for the 2.50 mg anti-IL-1 group compared with lesser concentrations. Conclusions Anti-IL-1 therapy might be a safe, effective alternative to steroids for haze prevention after PRK. Of the doses studied, 2.50 mg of anti-IL-1 4 times a day appeared to be most effective. Further studies in human eyes are needed. Financial Disclosure Dr. Reilly has been a consultant to Alcon Laboratories, Inc., and Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Reliability issues and implications of electronic circuit design in an industrial or a research environment

Reliability of electronic components is defined in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF). Temperature variations and operating conditions have a substantial effect on the MTBF of individual components as well as overall performance of the system. To fundamentally improve reliability, the design should be focused on improving the robustness of the basic functions of circuit or process and apply parameter design methods to optimize the basic functions approach under real conditions. These robust design activities should be conducted by taking into consideration the physics of individual components, operating conditions, circuit board layout, and power requirements. Because of the evolution of the reliability of electronic circuits toward very low failure rate, the statistical analyses through accelerated ageing experiments become too expensive. Today, a deterministic approach of the physics of failure is necessary to estimate the life duration of the circuits. As the ageing mechanisms are highly dependent on the circuit operating conditions, electrical simulation is a very useful tool to help the assessment of the degradation effect. Cooling methods such as sidewall cooling of chassis is described in MIL-STANDARDS. However, temperatures of mounted electronic components can be reduced significantly if heat pipes instead of solid metal plates of sidewall cooling are used to transport the heat generated by electronic components. This paper addresses the above issues and gives recommendations regarding the circuit design that MTBF of a system can be increased. Specific cases of studies are performed to investigate the validity of the proposed methods.
Detection of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Patients After Discharge From Intensive Care

Background Despite emphasis on identifying personal and clinical characteristics that place patients at higher risk for posttraumatic stress syndrome after intensive care, the extent of screening for the syndrome in intensive care patients is unknown. Objectives To examine the feasibility and acceptability of a screening tool to detect posttraumatic stress syndrome, screen for the syndrome soon after discharge from intensive care to identify patients at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder, and determine personal and clinical factors related to higher scores on the screening instrument. Methods A single-center, cross-sectional design was used. At 2 to 4 weeks after hospital discharge, 41 patients treated in an intensive care unit completed the screening instrument and the Screening Experience Questionnaire via telephone. Associations between participants' characteristics and scores were examined, and screening experiences were described. Results Participants reported that the screening instrument was easy to understand, caused little distress, and could be completed in an acceptable time frame. Participants reported that they had not been screened via a formal process or received education during or after their stay in the unit. Among the participants, 44% preferred screening in the outpatient setting. Higher scores on the screening tool were associated with history of depression, moderate levels of sedation, and intensive care unit delirium. Conclusions The majority of intensive care patients most likely are not being screened for posttraumatic stress syndrome despite a higher risk for the syndrome in these patients than in the general population.
Risk and Volatility: A Differential View

Investors and economists disagree on a proper definition of risk. To a value investor, risk is a permanent loss of capital; to a financial economist, risk is volatility. The author builds a formal model of risk, based on the value investor’s definition, and provides conditions for when it aligns with volatility. In general, the value notion of risk combines the first and second moments of the distribution of returns, which is why the two definitions can differ. The original definition of risk from economic theory is closer to the value definition of risk. Instead, the main problems arise from the empirical measure of risk, which leans on volatility because of ease of measurement.
BADGR: A practical GHR implementation for TAGE branch predictors

In this work, we explore global history register (GHR) implementations for Tagged Geometric length (TAGE) style branch predictors with speculative updates. We break down the requirements to both update and recover TAGE predictors' history registers during normal operation and after mispeculation, discussing where various designs exhibit large checkpoint and/or operation overheads. To reduce these inefficiencies, we introduce BADGR, a novel GHR design for TAGE predictors that lowers power consumption and chip area over naive checkpointing techniques by 90% and 85%, respectively.
Quantized Random Projections and Non-Linear Estimation of Cosine Similarity

Random projections constitute a simple, yet effective technique for dimensionality reduction with applications in learning and search problems. In the present paper, we consider the problem of estimating cosine similarities when the projected data undergo scalar quantization to $b$ bits. We here argue that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is a principled approach to deal with the non-linearity resulting from quantization, and subsequently study its computational and statistical properties. A specific focus is on the on the trade-off between bit depth and the number of projections given a fixed budget of bits for storage or transmission. Along the way, we also touch upon the existence of a qualitative counterpart to the Johnson-Lindenstrauss lemma in the presence of quantization.
Pathological Correlation of USPIO Imaging in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (P4.253)

Objective: Describe MR imaging characteristics with ultra-small particle iron oxide (USPIO) contrast in Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and correlate imaging findings with microscopic and ultrastructural tissue localization of these nanoparticles. Background: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI provides little insight into the functional pathophysiology of the tumor. USPIO provides excellent anatomical imaging capabilities and causes T1, T2, and T2* shortening on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is suggested that trans vascular delivery followed by uptake by activated tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) may be responsible for delayed enhancement. We describe MR imaging characteristic with USPIO contrast and correlated imaging findings with tissue localization of USPION in PCNSL. Methods: A systematic retrospective review of patients with PCNSL( n=26) who received USPION on three institutional review board approved protocols was performed. Patients who underwent biopsies within 24-72 hours after USPIO administration were identified from this group. Fixed biopsy tissues were stained by immunohistochemical staining for the dextran coating on the USPION (Dx1 staining). Additional staining included Perls’ Prussian blue histochemical stain and immunohistochemistry for CD20, and CD68. Results: 26 cases of histopathologically confirmed CNS lymphoma were imaged using USPION (15 ferumoxytol, 11 ferumoxtran-10). Six underwent tissue biopsy within 24-72 hours of administration. USPIO-associated carbohydrate was no longer detectable by 24-72 hours. Iron was more persistently present and was identified by Perls’ stain in CD68-positive macrophages and as variably staining diffuse deposits in CD20-positive lymphoma cells.Conclusions: Delayed uptake of USPIO may provide a biomarker for phagocytic cells in PCNSL. Hypointensity on delayed USPIO T2 weighted scans demonstrate iron that is predominantly concentrated in macrophages and more diffuse and variable in and around lymphoma cells. USPION imaging may be a useful biomarker to identify activated macrophages in PCNSL and may have important diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. Disclosure: Dr. Ambady has nothing to disclose. Dr. Varallyay has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prola Netto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Woltjer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Neuwelt has received personal compensation for activities with Amgen Inc.
Effects of Heterogeneous Frequency Changes in Cognitive Radio Femtocell Networks

Recently, cognitive radio (CR) technology is proposed to be combined with femtocell networks, which enables femtocells to access the available spectrum bands in an opportunistic manner. In practice, the available spectrums in CR femtocell networks are heterogeneous and range from hundreds of megahertz to several gigahertz. These heterogeneous spectrums have very different path- losses which may result in significantly different transmission and sensing ranges. Therefore, the change of operating frequency in CR femtocell networks introduces unique challenges. Although the effects of operating frequency are studied in pure CR networks, issues related to the femtocell network and impacts on the sensing range are never addressed. In this paper, we introduce some unique challenges resulting from frequency changes in CR femtocell networks, such as femtocell under-utilization and interference due to the change of the transmission range, and detection error and false alarm to the change of the sensing range. In addition, we propose a power control scheme to address the issue of the transmission range change. We also propose a detection sensitivity selection scheme to reduce the effect of the sensing range change. Simulation results show significant performance improvement of our propose schemes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that investigates the impact of frequency changes on both transmission range and sensing range in CR femtocell networks.
Abstract 134: Reciprocal Cardiac Chromatin Regulation by Ctcf and Hmgb2

Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in cardiac gene reprogramming under pathological conditions. However, we currently lack a detailed understanding of how this process is structurally coo...
Covers, partitions and a heuristic to calculate two-covers

Observations about two-covers and two-partitions of graphs lead to a new heuristic to find good two-covers of graphs.
Carbon dioxide and submersed macrophytes in lakes: linking functional ecology to community composition.

Evaluating plant community response to atmospheric CO2 rise is critical to predicting ecosystem level change. Freshwater lakes offer a model system for examining CO2 effects as submersed macrophyte species differ greatly in their growth responses to CO2 enrichment, and free CO2 concentrations among these habitats show a wide range of natural, spatial variation. We determined free CO2 concentrations in the water column and sediment porewater in littoral zones with pH<6.0 in Adirondack Mountain (NY, USA) lakes, and derived a community CO2 responsiveness index (CCRI) based on quantitative sampling of 15 submersed macrophyte communities coupled with greenhouse-derived growth responses to CO2 enrichment of constituent species to test two hypotheses: (1) CCRI, which is higher for communities dominated by species with greater growth responses to CO2 enrichment, is positively correlated to free [CO2] in the water column, and (2) in natural communities, the percent of sediment CO2-using species, which are relatively unresponsive to CO2 enrichment, is negatively correlated to free [CO2]. A significant positive correlation (P=0.003) between our physiologically-based CCRI and the concentration of free CO2 in the water column supported our primary hypothesis that sites with higher levels of free CO2 are dominated by species with greater growth responses to CO2 enrichment. Our CCRI is also highly significantly correlated (P<0.001) to the first axis scores for the same vegetation data from polar ordination. Finally, the relative importance of species that use sediment CO2 as a photosynthetic carbon source is significantly negatively correlated (P = 0.029) with the concentration of free CO2 in the water column. Our results indicate that natural variations in CO2 levels are important determinants of submersed macrophyte community composition. Further, we demonstrate the utility of a physiologically-based index of community composition, our CCRI, as an ecologically valid measure of community response to CO2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Data Literacy for Social Studies: Examining the Role of Data Visualizations in K–12 Textbooks

The rising prevalence of data visualizations in the political and economic spheres requires an increasingly data literate population. Data are used to persuade people how to vote, support policies,...
Adequate Neutrophil Responses and Non-Inferior Clinical Outcomes Can Be Achieved by a Two-Day Course of Low-Dose Filgrastim: A Retrospective Single Institution Experience.

Background Filgrastim is used in the setting of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia to stimulate recovery of bone marrow, which allows for further chemotherapy administration without delay. The recommended dose is 5 ug/kg. The commercially available vials of the drug come in two strengths; 300 ug and 480 ug. Due to these limitations in dosage formulations, it is a frequent occurrence to administer a lower dosage to patients weighing more than 60 kg, in whom the ideal dose would have been more than 300 ug but less than 480 ug. It is also a frequent practice to administer the drug for two consecutive days as it often leads to adequate response that will render patients eligible for their next cycle administration. Objective To determine whether a course of 300 ug of filgrastim administered daily for two consecutive days was as successful at reducing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia-related complications in patients with a higher weight (>60 kg) and hence receiving suboptimal dose as compared to those with weight less than 60 kg who are receiving the recommended dose. Methods We identified 91 patients from our facility with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia treated with 300 ug of filgrastim daily for two consecutive days, and we separated them into low, medium, and high weight groups. Multivariate logistic regression models examined correlations between outcomes (e.g., increases in absolute neutrophil count) and predictors (e.g., weight groups). Results The vast majority of encounters demonstrated rises in white blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Infection rates were not significantly different between low and medium weight groups (5% vs 0%; p = 0.1658), but the high weight group's infection rate was significantly higher than the medium weight group (5% vs 33%; p = 0.001). The high weight group did have an increased rate of febrile neutropenia as compared to medium and low weight groups, but these differences were not significant. Incidences of chemotherapy delay and dose reduction were comparable across the three weight groups. Limitations Retrospective study, small sample size, heterogeneous cancer sites and different chemotherapy regimens administered limit generalizability of findings. Conclusion Patients with weights <85 kg receiving a two-day course of 300 ug of filgrastim have similar neutropenia-related complication rates with a potential percent cost-savings of roughly 43%.
Difluoromethylornithine Combined with a Polyamine Transport Inhibitor Is Effective against Gemcitabine Resistant Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly chemo-resistant and has an extremely poor patient prognosis, with a survival rate at five years of <8%. There remains an urgent need for innovative treatments. Targeting polyamine biosynthesis through inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) has had mixed clinical success due to tumor escape via an undefined transport system, which imports exogenous polyamines and sustains intracellular polyamine pools. Here, we tested DFMO in combination with a polyamine transport inhibitor (PTI), Trimer44NMe, against Gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. DFMO alone and with Trimer44NMe significantly reduced PDAC cell viability by inducing apoptosis or diminishing proliferation. DFMO alone and with Trimer44NMe also inhibited in vivo orthotopic PDAC growth and resulted in decreased c-Myc expression, a readout of polyamine pathway dysfunction. Moreover, dual inhibition significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Collectively, these s...
A redescription of the gobiid fish Taenioides purpurascens (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae) with comments on, and a key to, species in the genus

The Indo-West Pacific gobiid genus Taenioides Lacepede is further defined and one of the constituent species of the genus, T. purpurascens (De Vis 1884), is redescribed. Taenioides purpurascens is known only from the southeast coast of Australia and is compared to other species in the genus: T. anguillaris, distributed from India northeastward to China, and Japan, and southward to Australia; T. gracilis, distributed along the east coast of Africa and Madagascar to India, northeastward to Japan and southward to Australia; T. kentalleni, known only from Saudi Arabia and Japan; and T. snyderi, known only from southern Japan. Taenioides purpurascens is unique within the genus in having: the fewest dorsal-fin elements (41‒44 vs. 48‒72); the fewest anal-fin elements (34‒38 vs. 41‒65); the fewest vertebrae (27 vs. 28‒45); and a 2-4-2 arrangement of the barbels on the ventral surface of the head (vs. 2-2-2, 2-3-2, or 2-4-2-2). In morphometric comparisons with these other species, T. purpurascens is shown to have the shortest and deepest body. A key to these species is provided.
Integrated infectious toxicity analysis of the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib.

e19025Background: Ibrutinib is an oral therapeutic inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) with efficacy in the treatment of multiple B cell malignancies. Ibrutinib also inhibits interleukin-2-...
Racine’s Berenice: Profane and Sacred Spaces and Places

Historical evocations of Titus, a Roman emperor, and Berenice, a Palestinian princess, are grounded in their political world, and come to full bloom in the world of the spirit, the world of myths in wholeness, transformation and self-generation. Despite all the allegorical representations of Titus and Berenice, as we shall see, and the selection of a relevant historical-poetic theme for plot material, the connection between tragedy and politics is oblique. However, exotic and mythically remote plots evoke most immediately respect and reverence for Titus, an incarnation of Aeneas, and Berenice, an incarnation of Dido in both Virgil and Homer. While the action of tragedy on stage takes three hours, mythical time creates a “chant” in the sacred space of tragic events. For Racine, the distance between countries makes up to a certain extent for a too great proximity in time; ordinary people, Racine holds, make hardly any distinction between what lies a thousand years away and what lies a thousand miles away: “On peut dire que le respect que l’on a pour les heros augmente a mesure qu’ils s’eloignent de nous.... L’eloignement des pays repare en quelque sorte la trop grande proximite des temps: car le peuple ne met de difference entre ce qui est, si j’ose ainsi parler, a mille ans de lui, et ce qui en est a mille lieues”.1
Arqueologia eco-histórica das lavras do Abade

Em 1887 as Lavras do Abade, uma vila de mineradores de ouro no centro-oeste brasi-leiro, foi atacada por duas noites e tres dias consecutivos pelo arraial de Meia Ponte, suavila vizinha e hoje cidade de Pirenopolis. Conforme narrativas locais a mineracao foi destruida em consequencia da poluicao da agua do Rio das Almas que nasce na Serra dos Pireneus-GO. Entretanto, pesquisas iniciais conduzidas nesta area (Costa, 2003; Costa, 2006) indicaram que o patrimonionatural local nao foi o unico motivo de disputas relacionadas ao controle e uso dos recursos hidricos, pois este enfrentamento tambem foi motivado por disparidades economicas e disputas politicas entre as duas comunidades. Todavia, se a destruicao da vila de mineradores das Lavras do Abade foi o resultado de um “conflito ambientalista”, o aprofundamento das pesquisas neste sitio arqueologico e a forma mais efetiva de com provar indicadores de uma consciencia preservacionista ou conservacionista precoce no pais, resultante da poluicao provocada pela industria da mineracao sobre os recursos naturais no Cerrado brasileiro no final do seculo XIX.
An optimization model for telecommunication systems

The Optimization Model for Telecommunication Systems (OMTS) is designed and developed to optimize System Designers and Developers (SD&D) efforts in the Telecommunication Industry (TI). Using the life-cycle process, OMTS continuously evaluates business value and utility of every activity in the systems design and development process. The primary objective of the OMTS is to increase business value of the TI system and improve their performance. Through OMTS, SD&D are able to answer such critical questions as "Do modern telecommunication technologies pay off?" and "How can we best use modern technologies in the TI?" The OMTS is capable of facilitating higher business profitability and productivity by enhancing systems' strategic goals such as product position, product quality, and customer service.
Should We Aim for a Unified and Coherent Theory of Punishment

Thom Brooks criticizes utilitarian and retributive theories of punishment but argues that utilitarian and retributive goals can be incorporated into a coherent and unified theory of punitive restoration, according to which punishment is a means of reintegrating criminals into society and restoring rights. I point to some difficulties with Brooks’ criticisms of retributive and utilitarian theories, and argue that his theory of punitive restoration is not unified or coherent. I argue further that a theory attempting to capture the complex set of rules and behaviors that constitute the practice of legal punishment cannot persuasively be unified and coherent: legitimate features of the practice advance goals and promote values that in some cases conflict.
Modelling applications in agricultural engineering: Combine model for grain threshing

A mathematical model to simulate the threshing process in conventional and axial-flow combines was derived. The model was based on the probability of repeated impacts striking unthreshed grain and the ratio of kinetic energy received to that needed to thresh a unit mass of grain. The basic equation was expanded using dimensional analysis to include the variables of cylinder diameter, concave spacing, the concave length. The final equation was verified with data for conventional combines. An R^2 of 0.97 was obtained which was significant at the 99.9 percent level (@a = 0.001). The model is easy to use since it requires data typically considered in combine design and operation. Based on this model, some alternative combine designs are discussed.
Complex Roles of CpG in Liposomal Delivery of DNA and Oligonucleotides

Unmethylated CpG in bacterial DNA has recently been recognized as a danger signal to the mammalian immune system. This CpG signal can be greatly amplified when DNA is delivered via a lipidic vector. The CpG effects are affected by the administration route, and can be either beneficial or harmful. In this review, we will summarize our current understanding about the mechanism of action of the immunostimulatory motifs. Emphasis will be placed on the discussion of the complicated roles of CpG when CpG DNA or oligonucleotides are administered in vivo using liposomes as a delivery vehicle.
DISCUSSION OF TEACHING STATISTICAL CONSULTING: STATISTICAL AND NON-STATISTICAL ASPECTS BY DOUGLAS A. ZAHN

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the statistical and nonstatistical aspects of teaching statistical consulting presented by Douglas A. Zahn. The supervised consulting course described by Zahn is the boldest and the most likely to be effective. It contains several ingredients different from consulting training programs in most statistics departments. Few of these ingredients may be difficult to put together in other statistics departments, even though every university and college has video­taping equipment and personnel and competent psychologists. One key ingredient that universities have but many colleges do not is a supply of graduate students and research faculty to be live clients for the course.
Quantitative Regular Expressions for Monitoring Cardiac Arrhythmias

Medical devices offer an ideal test-bed for exploring the applications of formal monitoring methods in system design due to their safety-critical nature that demands predictable operation. In this abstract, we demonstrate the usage of Quantitative Regular Expressions (QREs) for programming Arrhythmia Monitoring Algorithms (AMAs), which are algorithms that continuously monitor the heart rhythm and detect when it is fatal. AMAs run on resource-constrained implantable devices used by millions of patients around the world, like Implantable Cardioverter Debrillators (ICDs) and Insertable Loop Recorders.
Evaluating the Cost Benefits of U.S. Utility-Scale Photovoltaics Plus Energy Storage Systems

textbfUtility-scale photovoltaics (PV) system market growth has been rapid for several years. Today, with the cost reductions of energy storage technologies, the application of combing PV and energy storage has become feasible and beneficial, especially for the areas that only have PV standalone systems and need to shift the peak load to meet the evening electricity demand. Overall, the utility-scale PV plus energy storage systems can provide dispatchable energy and reliable capacity. This study details cost factors, including labor costs, material costs, overhead, and permitting costs using a systemlevel bottom-up cost modeling approach. We use this model to benchmark PV plus storage installation system cost and identify cost difference for AC and DC coupled systems and duration variation. Finally, we assess the cost reduction opportunities of co-locating PV system with energy storage system in order to indicate the possible economic impacts of PV plus storage configuration and help future research and development (R&D) effects in the context of U.S. energy storage policymaking.
Gender differences in patterns and trends in U.S. homicide, 1976-2017

Abstract In the research literature on homicide, gender has typically received far less attention than other demographic characteristics, specifically the age and race of victims and offenders. To ...
Pynchon, Grimm and Swinish Duality: A Note on the Pig Image in Gravity's Rainbow

The pig appears again and again, in many contexts, throughout Gravity's Rainbow. A number of studies have explored the way the pig image functions in the novel, but many of them are flawed by attempts to impose a single reading of the image. Not that one reading is correct and the others not: as with many aspects of Pynchon's writing, the truth is more complex. We were warned as early as The Crying of Lot 49 to beware the pitfalls of either/or thinking. The prevailing view of the pig as a symbol of transgression, detailed most thoroughly in Allon White's Bakhtinian reading, considers perhaps the primary function of the pig in GR. This function, however, is only one component of a multifaceted image.