cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INTRAPARTUM FACTORS AND INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH) IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS

In 112 VLBW neonates, intrapartum factors were prospectively evaluated in relation to the development of IVH. Real-time ultrasound was performed at a mean age of 27.3±17.1 hrs. Twenty-seven (24%) had IVH (20 Grade I, 2 Grade II, 2 Grade III, 3 Grade IV). Mean BW for the non-IVH group was 1087±268g vs 1019±279g for those with IVH. Males accounted for 48% of the non-IVH group and 62% of the IVH group(NS). Umbilical cord pH in 5(9%) of the non-IVH group and in 3(14%) of the IVH group was less than 7.20(NS). There was no difference in antepartum/intrapartum maternal or fetal complications. The incidence of abnormal FHR patterns and rate of abnormal presentations and duration of labor were similar in both groups. C-section with/without labor provided no advantage over vaginal delivery. Of 6 vaginal breech deliveries there was 1 infant with IVH(Grade I). Although incidence of RDS and volume expansion were similar, the need of assisted ventilation (AV) was higher in the IVH group(.05). Due to the low rate of major IVH (Grade III and IV, 4.4%) 12 pairs of infants were matched for BW within 100g. The 5 min. Apgar score was lower in infants with major IVH(.05). There was no difference in abnormal FHR patterns, breech presentation, mode of delivery and 1 min. Apgar score. Use of c-section for fetal distress in VLBW infants did not prevent IVH. The degree of neonatal depression in combination with AV rather than intrapartum factors/fetal distress with acidosis may be an important factor in determining the occurrence of major IVH.
The Group of Rational Points

In this chapter we will prove Mordell’s theorem that the group of rational points on a non-singular cubic is finitely generated. There is a tool used in the proof called the height. In brief, the height of a rational point measures how complicated the point is from the viewpoint of number theory.
Spectroscopic Investigations of Highly Charged Ions using X-Ray Calorimeter Spectrometers

Spectroscopy of K-shell transitions in highly charged heavy ions, like hydrogen-like uranium, has the potential to yield information about quantum electrodynamics (QED) in extremely strong nuclear fields as well as tests of the standard model, specifically parity violation in atomic systems. These measurements would represent the 'holy grail' in high-Z atomic spectroscopy. However, the current state-of-the-art detection schemes used for recording the K-shell spectra from highly charged heavy ions does not yet have the resolving power to be able to attain this goal. As such, to push the field of high-Z spectroscopy forward, new detectors must be found. Recently, x-ray calorimeter spectrometers have been developed that promise to make such measurements. In an effort to make the first steps towards attaining the 'holy grail', measurements have been performed with two x-ray calorimeter spectrometers (the XRS/EBIT and the ECS) designed and built at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD. The calorimeter spectrometers have been used to record the K-shell spectra of highly charged ions produced in the SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, CA. Measurements performed with the XRS/EBIT calorimeter array found that the theoretical description of well-above threshold electron-impact excitation cross sections formore » hydrogen-like iron and nickel ions are correct. Furthermore, the first high-resolution spectrum of hydrogen-like through carbon-like praseodymium ions was recorded with a calorimeter. In addition, the new high-energy array on the EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS) was used to resolve the K-shell x-ray emission spectrum of highly charged xenon ions, where a 40 ppm measurement of the energy of the K-shell resonance transition in helium-like xenon was achieved. This is the highest precision result, ever, for an element with such high atomic number. In addition, a first-of-its-kind measurement of the effect of the generalized Breit interaction (GBI) on electron-impact excitation cross sections was performed. This measurement found that for theoretical electron-impact excitation cross sections to fit with experimental data the GBI needs to be taken into account.« less
TETs Link Hydrogen Sulfide to Immune Tolerance

Demethylation of the Foxp3 locus maintains gene expression and Treg cell stability. Yang et al. (2015) show that the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide co-operates with growth factor TGF-β and interleukin-2 to activate Tet-mediated DNA demethylation of Foxp3 to promote immune tolerance.
Melting of Io by Tidal Dissipation

The dissipation of tidal energy in Jupiter's satellite Io is likely to have melted a major fraction of the mass. Consequences of a largely molten interior may be evident in pictures of Io's surface returned by Voyager I.
X-ray absorption studies of chlorine valence and local environments in borosilicate waste glasses

Abstract X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) were collected and analyzed to characterize bismuth (Bi) environments in borosilicate glass formulations developed for the immobilization of high level nuclear wastes (HLW), from the bismuth phosphate process. Therefore, the structural role of Bi in these glasses is of interest; in addition in the present study, more particular interest in Bi originated from unusual foaming that was observed during melt cooling, where it was initially suspected that Bi3+ reduction to Bi0 may generate oxygen that caused the foaming. Observations from scanning electron microscopy of some HLW glass samples indicated a Bi-phosphate association. Bi LIII XAS of 13 Bi-containing waste glass formulations of various compositions were measured that exhibited varying degrees of melt foaming. The Bi XAS are similar for all glasses investigated, and indicate Bi3+O3 nearest-neighbor environments with Bi–O distances near 2.13 A. This environment is similar to the most localized Bi coordination characteristics in the crystalline Bi-silicates, eulytite (Bi4Si3O12) and bismutoferrite (BiFe2Si2O8OH). However, the Bi-environments in the glasses are distinctly different from the Bi-site in crystalline BiPO4; therefore, XAS indicates no evidence of Bi-phosphate domains in the glasses measured. No XAS evidence was observed in any of the glasses investigated for Bi clustering, such as metallic Bi, or Bi–O–Bi bonding. Since the local Bi environments look similar for all glasses investigated, Bi XAS data and analyses show no association of the melt foaming problems with changes of Bi environments in the corresponding glass. The foaming may be dependent on chromate or phosphate behavior in the glass structure.
Xylose Transport by the Anaerobic Thermophile Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus and the Characterization of a D-Xylose-Binding Protein

Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus is a xylose-utilizing thermophilic anaerobe that produces considerable amounts of ethanol. A protein in xylose-growing cells was solubilized from cell membranes by extraction with octyl-beta-glucoside. Internal peptide sequencing revealed that the protein was the product of a gene, xylF, encoding a putative D-xylose-binding protein. Metabolic labeling with 14C palmitic acid suggested that this is a lipoprotein that is anchored to the cell membrane via a cysteine residue. Binding was highly specific for xylose as evident by the lack of competition by sugars with structures similar to xylose. The apparent Kd of the protein for xylose was approximately 1.5 mM, and this value was very similar to the affinity constant determined for xylose transport by whole cells at low substrate concentrations. Uptake experiments with cells also suggested the presence of a separate low-affinity system. Binding activity varied less than 20% over a pH range of 4-8, and the level of activity was virtually unaffected when temperature was varied between 40 degreesC and 80 degreesC. This is the first biochemical characterization of a D-xylose-binding protein from a thermophilic organism.
THE CYTO‐TAXONOMY OF THE TELEPHIUM SECTION OF SEDUM

CHROMOSOME N UMBER, behavior, and morphology are some of the natural indexes to the phylogeny of a group of organisms. Consequently, as a result of developments in the field of cytology, rather frequent attempts have been made in recent years to analyze on a chromosomal, basis the taxonomic status and affinities of certain plants. Often the results of those attempts have supported conclusions already reached by systematists; in other cases no such agreement has been found, and different interpretations have been suggested. In 1933 a chromosomal survey of Sedum was initiated as a beginning of such an analysis of the Crassulaceae, for "only a system built on entirely new (embryologic?) foundations will perhaps have a chance of producing a more acceptable systematization within this family than the Linnean " (Froderstr6m, 1929). An introductory paper on Sedum (Baldwin, 1935), a study of polyploidy in Sedum ternatumn Michx. (Baldwin, 1936), and a report on chromosome numbers in Crmssula (Baldwin, in press) have been written as parts of this analysis of the family. The cyto-taxonomy of section Telephium of intergrading forms that to determine the limits of a species becomes very difficult. The taxonomy of this group therefore presents numerous problems in synonymy and degree of specific rank. To illustrate, a s:ngle example, perhaps of the most confused condition in the section, will be cited. According to the Index Kewensis, 25 species of Anacampseros and 34 species of Sedumn are reduced to S. Telephium, and similarly 20 species of Anacampseros and 6 species of Sedum are reduced to S. maximum. And, according to Fr6derstr6m (1929), whom Praeger (1932) considers the iauthor of the best study as yet produced " on the genus, S. maximum is one of seven subspecies of S. Telephium. Material for study was taken from plants growing in the Sedum collection at The Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, Virginia. Specimens of the species herein discussed, as well as of other species investigated, will be deposited in the Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University. Crystal violet preparations were made of root tips fixed in Nawaschin's solution and sectioned at 7-13 microns. Aceto-carmine smears were made of anthers and root tips subsequent to
Approximate distributions for compressible signals

We describe a set of prior distributions whose independent and identically distributed (iid) realizations result in compressible signals. A signal is compressible when the sorted magnitudes of its coefficients exhibit a power-law decay so that the signal can be well-approximated by a sparse signal. By definition, a sparse signal has only a small fraction of non-zero coefficients compared to its ambient dimension. These distributions, dubbed compressible priors, analytically summarize compressible signals and shed new light to the solution of under-determined linear regression problems by building upon the literature on sparse signal recovery. Our main results are summarized as follows:
Do College Students Participate More in Discussion in Traditional Delivery Courses or in Interactive Telecourses? A Preliminary Comparison

Student participation in discussion in traditional delivery and interactive college telecourses are compared. Results indicate that the norm of the consolidation of responsibility continues to prevail in traditional classroom discussion: a few students were responsible for the majority of interactions. However, in telecourses students frequently interacted with classmates at the receiving site but rarely with their instructors and classmates at the sending site.
The epidemiology of drinking among women of child-bearing age

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of drinking, binge drinking (4 or more drinks), and alcohol abuse and dependence and to identify predictors of heavier drinking among women of child-bearing age (18–44 years). Methods: Subjects are part of a national multistage random sample from the 2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Results: Binge drinking, abuse, and dependence are higher in younger ( $40,000) are at a higher risk for heavier drinking. Conclusions: Drinking and heavier drinking remain at high levels among women of child-bearing age. Prevention efforts must be comprehensive and should target pregnant women who are drinking and those who could become pregnant and are drinking at high-risk levels.
Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Nucleophilic Attack in the Pseudouridine Synthesis Reaction

Ab initio quantum mechanical calculations at the MP2 level were performed to model nucleophilic attack in the pseudouridine synthesis reaction. The energy profile along the reaction coordinate sugg...
Monogenic migraine syndromes highlight novel drug targets

In the post-genomic era, the paradigm for drug discovery has changed, as every gene may become a potential target. Genetic diseases provide a special window into gene target selection. This approach is being applied to migraine making use of the genes and mutations causing familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM). FHM is caused by missense mutations in CACNA1A, altering a neuronal P/Q Ca2+ channel, in ATP1A2, altering α2 Na,K-ATPase, and in SCN1A, altering a neuronal sodium channel. These genes provide insights into migraine pathogenesis that likely extend to other forms of migraine as well. Since the three FHM genes are only co-expressed in neurons, FHM is a neuronal, not a vascular, disease and because they all encode ion transport proteins, FHM is a neuronal channelopathy—meaning meta-stable neuronal hyperexcitability is the substrate of migraine, much as it is for genetic epilepsy syndromes. This similarity is reinforced, since different mutations of all three FHM genes can produce seizure syndromes. This has implications for drug discovery in that seizure medications already known to modulate the FHM channel mechanisms warrant more targeted development, and that drugs targeted to vascular headaches, such as the historically effective triptans, or experimental botulinum toxin, may well work by similar nonvascular mechanisms. Finally, in model neurogenetic systems such as Caenorhabditis elegans, the FHM genes also provide both a comprehensive means to discover all genes involved in their signaling pathway—genes potentially involved in common forms of the disease, and an in vivo whole animal means to screen rapidly for novel therapeutics. Drug Dev Res 68:432–440, 2007. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE MODIFICATION OF RADIATION SENSITIVITY AFFORDED BY COBALT

Abstract : The administration of a cobalt diet for 5 and 8 days before and for 15 days after x-irradiation increased the tolerance of female albino mice to total body x-irradiation (720 r). The administration of a cobalt diet for 36 days before and for 15 days after irradiation and the administration of a cobalt diet for 30 days beginning immediately after irradiation produced no pronounced beneficial effects.
A reference model for object data management

Abstract This article contains a reprint of the ‘Reference Model on Object Data Management’ taken from the Final Report of the Object-Oriented Database Task Group (OODBTG). OODBTG was a subcommittee under ANSI ASCX3 that met between 1989 and 1991 to develop a characterization of OODB systems that could be used to guide future ANSI efforts to develop more concrete standards in the area of object-oriented software technology. The article begins with a guest introduction on the history of OODB standards efforts that describes how the work of the OODBTG is continuing to affect standards activities that have followed it. As such, it represents the personal view of the author and not necessarily the views of others who worked on the OODB Task Group. Of course, the reprinted Reference Model on Object Data Management, which follows this Introduction, does represent the work of the entire OODBTG.
North American drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences

Abstract Severe drought is the greatest recurring natural disaster to strike North America. A remarkable network of centuries-long annual tree-ring chronologies has now allowed for the reconstruction of past drought over North America covering the past 1000 or more years in most regions. These reconstructions reveal the occurrence of past “megadroughts” of unprecedented severity and duration, ones that have never been experienced by modern societies in North America. There is strong archaeological evidence for the destabilizing influence of these past droughts on advanced agricultural societies, examples that should resonate today given the increasing vulnerability of modern water-based systems to relatively short-term droughts. Understanding how these megadroughts develop and persist is a timely scientific problem. Very recently, climate models have succeeded in simulating all of the major droughts over North America from the Civil War to the severe 1998–2004 drought in the western U.S. These numerical experiments indicate the dominating importance of tropical Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in determining how much precipitation falls over large parts of North America. Of central importance to drought formation is the development of cool “La Nina-like” SSTs in the eastern tropical Pacific region. This development appears to be partially linked to changes in radiative forcing over that region, which affects the Bjerknes feedback mechanism of the ENSO cycle there. Paradoxically, warmer conditions over the tropical Pacific region lead to the development of cool La Nina-like SSTs there, which is drought inducing over North America. Whether or not this process will lead to a greater prevalence of drought in the future as the world warms due to accumulating greenhouse gases is unclear at this time.
The Bronx River Parkway and photography as an instrument of landscape reform

Abstract Shifting focus In the classic history of landscape architecture, Norman Newton's Design on the Land, the noted Harvard professor implied he was drawn to the profession by a series of photographs depicting the creation of the Bronx River Parkway, which appeared in official reports and popular magazines in the 1910s and 1920s.1 Newton reproduced two of these images in his book (figurer). The first photograph portrayed conditions on the Bronx River prior to the creation of the parkway, showing denuded river banks lined by small frame houses, privies, and factories. The second photograph showed the same spot several years later. The stark scene of pollution and poverty had been transformed into a pleasingly picturesque landscape, in which a clear stream. wound invitingly through pristine meadows frarned by luxuriant trees and bushes. Frorn. Newton's perspective, these photographs documented landscape architecture's unambiguous triumph over the blighted byproducts of ignorance and avarice, which, in t...
A Rapid Formaldehyde Assay Using Purpald Reagent: Application under Periodation Conditions

Measurement of formaldehyde is encountered in a broad range of applications including the wine and alcohol industry and environmental pollution surveillance. In carbohydrate structural chemistry, frequent use is made of formaldehyde by periodate oxidation of terminal vicinal diols. Popular methods for the detection of formaldehyde use reagents such as chromotropic acid (4,5-dihydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid) or acetylacetone. The chromotropic acid method requires heating of the sample under strongly acidic conditions, which is undesirable in many applications. The acetylacetone method yields a yellow color product, and is less specific and sensitive (Mimura et al., J. Hyg. Chem. 22, 39-41, 1976). The reaction of formaldehyde with Purpald (4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole) works under alkaline conditions at room temperature, and the sensitivity is superior to other methods. The color development by this reagent, however, requires oxidation of the adduct with hydrogen peroxide, air oxygen, or dilute periodate. We found that low levels of periodate, commonly used to oxidize specifically terminal vicinal diols to yield formaldehyde, are compatible with color development with the Purpald reagent. We have investigated the conditions required for use of the Purpald reagent, especially in conjunction with periodate oxidation reactions. We have used the assay either in test tubes or with microplates, attaining sensitivity of as little as 1 nmol formaldehyde.
A context for ecosystem-based fishery management: Developing concepts of ecosystems and sustainability

Abstract Ecosystems have been viewed both as chaotic, untamed nature, and as mechanical systems with predictable equilibrium states. A developing concept of ecosystems as “complex adaptive systems” lies between these extreme concepts, with recognizably patterned but not fully predictable behavior. Sustainability has also been redefined as humans have exploited and often depleted desirable natural resources. Fisheries management desires sustainable yield, but must rethink this concept within the ecosystem context. The most powerful union of “ecosystem” and “sustainability” acknowledges the defining characteristics of complex adaptive systems with the objective of identifying and sustaining healthy relationships within and between ecosystems, economies, and society.
Comparative long-term outcomes of upfront resected pancreatic cancer after preoperative biliary drainage

Background We evaluated whether preoperative biliary drainage was predictive of recurrence and survival among patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.
Helicity modulus and fluctuating type-II superconductors: Elastic approximation and numerical simulations

We develop the helicity modulus as a criterion for superconducting order in the mixed phase of a fluctuating type-II superconductor. We show that there is a duality relation between this helicity modulus and the superfluid density of a system of analog two-dimensional (2D) bosons. We show that the vortex line lattice exhibits a perfect Meissner effect with respect to a shearing perturbation of the applied magnetic field, and this becomes our criterion for {open_quotes}longitudinal superconductivity{close_quotes} parallel to the applied field. We present arguments based on the 2D boson analogy, as well as the results of numerical simulations, that suggest that longitudinal superconductivity can persist into the vortex line liquid state for systems of finite thickness, comparable to those commonly found in experiments. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Immunolocalization of γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Containing Proteins in Developing Rat Bones

Summary The localization of a γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing protein, BGP (also called osteocalcin) was examined in developing calvaria, alveolar bones and long bones of newborn rats by immunostaining with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. In undemineralized tissues osteoblasts of intramembranous bones stained positive; osteoid was negative, whereas young mineralized bone stained weakly. After a mild demineralization all bones stained positive; no staining was found in cartilage, muscles or soft connective tissues. In addition to the osteoblasts, osteocytes were also immunoreactive. Osteoclasts, identified by a subsequent staining for acid phosphatase activity, demonstrated no immunostaining for BGP. These data support the hypothesis that BGP is synthesized by osteoblasts and osteocytes and is subsequently deposited in the mineralizing bone.
Big data: web-crawling and analysing financial news using RapidMiner

Big data today is one of the hottest topics in the ICT field, but still there are many questions around what it is, what it really means, and how it can be used. This paper presents the notion of big data and then attempts to analyse it using a typical analytics tool, which is called RapidMiner. We use actual real-world social media data as an empirical test. Our preliminary result shows that social media data does not provide valuable meaning to predict the future stock market. However, we believe that the analysis of big data is meaningful if more sophisticated methodology and data collection procedures are used.
Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Stroke: A Multi-state Population-Based Study

Mechanical ventilation is frequently performed in patients with ischemic stroke (IS), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In this study, we used statewide administrative claims data to examine the rates of use, associated conditions, and in-hospital mortality rates for mechanically ventilated stroke patients. We used statewide administrative claims data from three states and ICD-9-CM codes to identify patients admitted with stroke and those who received mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Descriptive statistics and exact 95 % confidence intervals were used to report rates of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, and in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify conditions associated with mechanical ventilation based on previously described risk factors. 798,255 hospital admissions for stroke were identified. 12.5 % of these patients underwent mechanical ventilation. This rate varied by stroke type: 7.9 % for IS, 29.9 % for ICH, and 38.5 % for SAH. Increased age was associated with a decreased risk of receiving mechanical ventilation (RR per decade, 0.91). Of stroke patients who underwent mechanical ventilation, 16.3 % received a tracheostomy. Mechanical ventilation was more likely to occur in association with status epilepticus (RR, 5.1), pneumonia (RR, 4.9), sepsis (RR, 3.6), and hydrocephalus (RR, 3.3). In-hospital mortality rate for mechanically ventilated stroke patients was 52.7 % (46.8 % for IS, 61.0 % for ICH, and 54.6 % for SAH). In this large population-based sample, over half of mechanically ventilated stroke patients died in the hospital despite the fact that younger patients were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation. Future studies are indicated to elucidate mechanical ventilation strategies to optimize long-term outcomes after severe stroke.
Experience with 1 to 3 megahertz power conversion using eGaN FETs

Earlier planning and subsequent experience are described for the development of a 50-W, 300-Vdc power converter with power density targeted at 100 W/in3 and efficiency targeted at 95%. To achieve the desired power density, 3 - 5 MHz switching frequency was attempted, necessitating the choice of commercial eGaN® (enhancement-mode GaN FETs). Three-level isolated ZVS (Zero-Voltage-Switched) converter topologies were selected to best utilize with the 200-V ratings of the 5-MHz switches. A stacked gate driver is thus discussed for the three-level converter. For relative permeability below 50 needed by the magnetic components, magnetic powder has high core loss while gapped ferrites leads to high winding loss. Thus, a low-temperature process was developed to synthesize polymer-coated magnetic powder with permeability similar to that of commercial magnetic powder, but with loss approaching ferrites' loss. Constant-flux magnetic concept is described in companion papers as means to improve power density. Owing to the high reverse on-voltage of eGaN®, synchronous rectification is not a clear winner unless gate timing is precisely controlled. Experimental results at 3 MHz show that inverter's efficiency approaches 95% and dc-dc converter's efficiency approaches 85% at half the voltage rating of the eGaN® FETs.
Neoliberalism and the jurisprudence of privacy: An experiment in feminist theorizing

This essay demonstrates, and critiques, the pervasiveness of economic assumptions in the jurisprudence of privacy in US constitutional law as it extends from birth control and abortion rights to the so-called right to die. Finding in these cases metaphors of neoliberal productive practices and the assumption of the self as human capital, the self understood as a site of investment rather than a repository of worth, the essay brings privacy law into conversation with Kristin Luker's empirical work on abortion politics and teenage pregnancy. The essay does not treat the right to die as a moral or political problem to be resolved, but is instead interested in the revelatory character of the jurisprudence of privacy — namely, in what it can tell us about the contemporary political economic order. Are recent developments in contemporary political economy, in the emerging neoliberal order, potentially illiberal?
Effect of amphetamine on response inhibition in rats showing high or low response to novelty

Previous work has shown that rats categorized as either high responder (HR) or low responder (LR) based on the amount of activity assessed in a novel environment show a differential response to stimulant reward, with HR rats self-administering more amphetamine and cocaine than LR rats. The current study assessed behavioral inhibitory processes in HR and LR rats using either fixed consecutive number (FCN) or differential reinforcement of low rate of responding (DRL) tasks. Individual differences in free-choice preference for a novel environment or novel object were also assessed to determine if these measures were predictive of performance on these inhibitory tasks. Results showed that, regardless of the test used to characterize individual differences in response to novelty, groups showed a similar ability to learn the FCN and DRL tasks. When subsequently pretreated with amphetamine, there was no significant difference between groups in performance efficiency (accuracy) on either the FCN or DRL task; however, based on activity in inescapable novelty, HR rats were less sensitive than LR rats to amphetamine-disrupted responding on the reinforcement lever in the FCN task. Although a deficit in inhibition is generally thought to play a role in drug abuse behavior, the differential rate of stimulant self-administration described previously between HR and LR rats more likely reflects an incentive motivational effect that is independent of response inhibition.
Experimental and numerical analysis of flow behavior in the FASTRAC liquid composite manufacturing process

The success of resin infusion during liquid composite processing depends on several factors; including the complete impregnation of the dry performs, the processing conditions, and the tooling used during processing. New process developments based on the Fast Remotely Actuated Channels (FASTRAC) process aid the infusion with the creation of preferential resin flow paths using a non-contact tooling. Experiments to understand and study the infusion behavior with the presence of the FASTRAC non-contacting tooling have been performed, and compared with vacuum-assisted processes without such tooling. Experimental studies indicate that the infusion time with FASTRAC channel configurations is significantly less despite the additional volume regions to be infused during processing. The use of a non-contacting interchangeable tool, the improved infusion behavior, and the significant reduction in the infusion time provide significant advantages for processing advanced composite systems, including the potential to use high viscosity resin systems, and process automation. The process simulation models of the experimental configurations based on the thin shell model configurations have been compared with experimental observations. Studies indicate that the process simulation models and approaches employed clearly emulate the infusion behavior seen when the channels are present, validating the modeling strategies employed. Similar simulation approaches will thus be effective to study and understand various FASTRAC tooling configurations while processing complex composite structures. Polym. Compos. 25:384–396, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Building a revolutionary constituency: Mozambican refugees and the development of the FRELIMO proto-state, 1964–1968

During the early 1960s, many Mozambicans fled from the northern provinces of Cabo Delgado and Niassa to the sanctuary and friendly border of Tanganyika (Tanzania) to escape the escalating violence of the anti-colonial war. These Mozambicans experienced, like many political refugees, a crisis of status during this migration. In seeking to survive their migration to Tanzania, many existing social relations among Mozambican refugees were temporarily suspended during this transit. Under the auspices of FRELIMO 1 and the Tanzanian authorities, Mozambican refugees often found that their opportunities during this social breakdown were usually limited and redirected for the purposes of winning the anti-colonial war. Many of these people, regardless of gender or age, were also socially transformed by a continuum of survival skills that I call the bio-social experience. Many Mozambican refugees opted to work with FRELIMO as products of their own individual bio-social experiences. With the assistance of this revolut...
Sampling for Larvae of Operophtera occidentalis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) on Cherry

Larvae of a winter moth, Operophtera occidentalis (Hulst), occurred on sweet cherry in western Oregon from late March to early June. A cluster of buds-leaves was determined to be the most discrete and suitable sample unit for estimating larval density. Variance-mean ratios indicated that the dispersion of larvae within trees was random but larval dispersion between trees was clumped. Apical bud-leaf clusters contained nearly twice as many larvae as subapical clusters. The number of bud-leaf clusters and trees to be sampled was determined as a dependent variable based on a proportion of the mean larval density.
General canonical correlations with applications to group symmetry models

In this paper, we define general canonical correlations, which generalize the canonical correlations developed by Hotelling, and general canonical covariate pairs, the corresponding linear statistic. We also define canonical variance distances with corresponding canonical distance variates. In a rather broad setting, these parameters and their corresponding linear statistics are characterized in terms of certain eigenvalues and eigenvectors. For seven of the ten group symmetry testing problems discussed in Andersson, Brons, and Jensen (1983) [4], these are the eigenvalues used to represent the maximal invariant statistic, and additional observations regarding the canonical correlations are made for these testing problems.
Potentiometric microtitration of cobalt

Abstract Microgram quantities of cobalt have been determined by potentiometric titration with potassium ferricyanide. The electrode response has been improved by the use of polarized Sb reference and Pt indicating electrodes. The titration method together with γ-scintillation counting has been used to determine isotopic assays of cobalt isotopes.
ADIABATIC ELASTIC MODULI OF SINGLE CRYSTAL ALPHA ZIRCONIUM

The elastic modull of alpha zirconium at 20 deg C were derived from measurement of the velocities of ultrasonic waves using the phase comparison technique of McSkimin. The values computed for a density of 6.505 g/cm/sup 3/ are as follows in units of l0/sup 12/ dynes/cm/sup 2/: c/sub 11/ = 1.435 plus or minus 0.002, c/s ub 12/ = 0.725 plus or minus 0.002, cs/sub 13/= 0.654 plus or minus 0.002, c /sub 33/ = l.649 plus or minus + 0.002, and c/sub 44/ = 0.3207 plus or minus 0.0003. (auth)
Leadership and emotions in health care organizations.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to describe the relationship between effective leadership and the leader's own ability to manage his/her emotional state.Design/methodology/approach – Discusses the connection between leadership and emotions. Differentiates between management and leadership.Findings – Research findings and conclusions remain in dispute. Types of behavior have been found to be integral to leadership performance.Originality/value – The paper has proposed a model for defining and differentiating between leading and managing. Five factors were found to be important to the exercise of leadership.
Subcritical convective instability Part 2. Spherical shells

In this paper we consider the effect of internal heat generation and a spatial variation of the gravity field on the onset of thermal convection in spherical shells. If the temperature gradient and gravity fields have the same spatial variation, then initially quiet fluids are subcritically stable. For these flows the effect of inertially non-linear disturbances is not destabilizing if the Rayleigh number is below the critical value set by linear theory plus ‘exchange of stabilities’. For subcritically-stable flows a principle of exchange of stabilities is not necessary; a stronger statement of stability for the same stability limit can be made. For the many cases calculated here in which subcritical instabilities can exist, the difference between the linear and energy limits is small and can be contracted only toward the energy limit by an improved linear theory.
The absolute yield of Cs137 in fast-neutron fission of U235 and Pu239

Abstract The absolute fission yield of Cs 137 has been determined for fast-neutron fission of U 235 and Pu 239 . The number of fissions was determined by absolute counting of the fission fragments. The Cs 137 was determined by absolute β counting with an end-window proportional counter. The yields were found to be 6·87 per cent and 7·45 per cent for U 235 and Pu 239 , respectively. These values are based on a Cs 137 half-life of 32·6 years.
The Method of Referred Derivatives: a new technique for solving implicit equations in dynamic simulation

Stiffness in simulation may be reduced or avoided by using algebraic equations to replace the differential equations describing the parts of the model with very, fast dynamics. However, if the resulting simultaneous equations are nonlinear, an implicit set of equations may arise for which no direct method of solution is possible. This paper sets out a novel method for converting such equations into an equivalent set of linear equations which may be solved for the time-derivatives of the original variables, either explicitly or by Gauss elimination. These derivatives may then be integrated along with the derivatives found in the normal way for the slower system states. A worked example of a flow network is provided to illustrate the robustness and practical significance of the method.
The dielectric properties of electroporated human breast cancer cells

The dielectric properties of biological cells and tissues are of interest for developing therapeutic medical applications, especially when they are exposed to electrical fields as in the case of electroporation, a technique where-in high intensity, short duration pulses are applied to enhance the uptake of normally impermeable molecules, such as hydrophilic chemo drugs. Electrical impedance spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study these as the impedance signatures of biological cells is characterized by the frequency-dependent changes (dielectric dispersion), due to their frequency dependent permittivity and conductivity (resistivity). This paper presents the impedance spectroscopy studies of electroporated human breast carcinoma cells using FDA approved chemo and hormone drugs. For this purpose, an Autolab high voltage potentiostat was used. A sine voltage of 25mV is applied and the data were collected for a range of frequencies. The dielectric response of breast cancer cells indicate that they have alpha and beta dispersions. The fractal index value and other results obtained in this research compare well with previous results. The results indicate both quantitatively and qualitatively the enhanced conduction of the electroporated cells corroborating the uptake of chemo drug molecules. This indicates that impedance spectroscopy could be used for characterizing cells and tissues for treatment using electrical pulses.
Financing small rumminant operations along gender lines in Imo State, Nigeria

This study analyzed the distribution of ruminant livestock in Imo state, the gender-perceived production constraints; the relative contributions of these ruminants to the farm household net income and the implications of these contributions to loan repayments if production is assigned on gender basis. Results showed that within the ruminant class of livestock, small ruminants, particularly goats, dominate the others, followed by sheep and then large ruminant, cattle. Their relative contribution to total farm household net income follows the same order. Female gender class was found to rear higher number of the small-ruminant livestock. However, a c2 analysis showed that no significant difference exists in their net farm income from these two classes of livestock. It was concluded that financing of these enterprises on gender basis would not significantly improve the contribution of ruminants to farm household net income and loan repayment capacity. It was recommended, among others, that the constraints imposed by factors such as poor marketing and research systems be addressed in order to translate the relative technical advantage of production of small ruminants by female farmers into financial advantage. (Journal of Agriculture and Social Research: 2003 3(1):13-28)
The moderating effects of perceived intentionality: exploring the relationships between ideas of reference, paranoia and social anxiety in schizotypy.

Introduction. Ideas of reference (IOR), paranoia and social anxiety are features of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which appear to be conceptually related; however, the precise nature of these relationships is unclear. These relationships may be partially explained by perceived intentionality (PI), a social-cognitive bias for perceiving other people's actions during unpleasant situations as being directed at oneself in an intentionally malicious manner. Our primary aim was to examine the moderating role of PI on the relationships between IOR and paranoia, and between IOR and social anxiety amongst individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy.Methods. We assessed IOR, paranoia and social anxiety amongst individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy (n = 44) and controls (n = 36) and examined the moderating effects of PI within each group.Results. As hypothesised, PI moderated the relationship between IOR and paranoia such that higher PI predicted higher levels of paranoia as IOR increased...
Plenary Lecture 6: Emerging Food Technology and World Health

Both under- and overnutrition are among the major challenges to world health. Nutrient deficiencies decrease human capacity, increase the risk of infection and are associated with preventable diseases and result in premature death. Likewise, diseases of excess such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease lead to poor quality of life and prentature death, WHO statistics suggest that overmutricion, as indicated by the increased rates of overweight and obesity, is as prevalent a problem worldwide as undernotrition. The ovolution of the food system has been intertwined with the changing patterns of diet-related diseases. Current recommendations for healthful diets emphasize the importance of moderating lat and refined carbohydrate intake while encouraging the consumption of frults, vegetables, and whole grain products. Emerging technologies in food science can help contribute to dietaty patterns that will promote health and prevent disease.
Variable quantum well along p-HEMT channel

Performance of p-HEMT depends on quantization conditions of electron flow along the device channel. Varying shape of the quantum well (QW) and set of available electron energy levels were calculated using the matrix method. The degree of asymmetry of QW with finite walls was controlled by gate and drain biases. The tailoring of electrical field in dual gate p-HEMTs provided better confinement and reduced the energy of available levels. The probability density functions indicated possible spread out of electrons at the front and the back of the gate to the conducting layers above the channel. Electrons run away to the substrate show similar tendency around the gate. We found that electrons tend to occupy mostly low energy level about 30meV, although higher energies of about 180 and 300meV are available. Clearly, scattering mechanism reduces the energy of electrons decreasing the electron mobility.
Techniques of holographic displacement measurement: an experimental comparison; errata.

Several of the existing methods of holographic displacement measurement have been discussed, procedures for their use outlined, and the techniques themselves compared experimentally for a variety of test situations. The results show that each technique has a unique application depending on the degree of accuracy and precision required for a particular measurement.
Comparing User Simulation Models For Dialog Strategy Learning

This paper explores what kind of user simulation model is suitable for developing a training corpus for using Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) to automatically learn dialog strategies. Our results suggest that with sparse training data, a model that aims to randomly explore more dialog state spaces with certain constraints actually performs at the same or better than a more complex model that simulates realistic user behaviors in a statistical way.
Is there a place for magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction

Infusions of solutions of magnesium sulfate for patients with acute myocardial infarction were shown by a meta-analysis of seven small studies and a larger study of 2316 patients (LIMIT-2) to have clinical efficacy. However, the ISIS-4 study of 58,050 patients found no improvement in short-term mortality rates with magnesium therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. In this article we explore the following four differences between the ISIS-4 study and the earlier studies: (1) Time of initiation of magnesium treatment after acute myocardial infarction and thrombolytic therapy; (2) dosage of magnesium in the first 24 hours after acute myocardial infarction; (3) duration of magnesium infusion after acute myocardial infarction; and (4) differences in patient risks in control and treatment groups. These four differences may explain the different outcomes among these studies and indicate the type of additional studies that are needed to define the clinical utility of magnesium infusion in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Highly upregulated Lhx2 in the Foxn1-/- nude mouse phenotype reflects a dysregulated and expanded epidermal stem cell niche.

Hair cycling is a prime example of stem cell dependent tissue regeneration and replenishment, and its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a blockage in terminal keratinocytic lineage differentiation in the Foxn1−/− nude phenotype on the epithelial progeny. Most notably we found a constitutive upregulation of LIM homeobox protein 2 (Lhx2), a marker gene of epithelial stem cellness indispensible for hair cycle progression. However, histological evidence along with an erratic, acyclic rise of otherwise suppressed CyclinD1 levels along with several key markers of keratinocyte lineage differentiation indicate a frustrated expansion of epithelial stem cell niches in skin. In addition, CD49f/CD34/CD200–based profiling demonstrated highly significant shifts in subpopulations of epithelial progeny. Intriguingly this appeared to include the expansion of Oct4+ stem cells in dermal fractions of skin isolates in the Foxn1 knock-out opposed to wild type. Overall our findings indicate that the Foxn1−/− phenotype has a strong impact on epithelial progeny and thus offers a promising model to study maintenance and regulation of stem cell niches within skin not feasible in other in vitro or in vivo models.