cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ATECAR: An Asian American Community-Based Participatory Research Model on Tobacco and Cancer Control

In the past few decades, community-based participatory research, which underscores the indispensable role of the community in all phases of the research process, has been recognized as a viable approach to working constructively with communities to achieve mutually beneficial goals. This article presents a history of the Asian Tobacco Education, Cancer Awareness and Research's pioneering efforts in conducting community-based participatory research among Asian Americans in the Delaware Valley region of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Information about project background, target populations, and the rationale for the conduct of community-based participatory research in American communities is provided. It also delineates the manner in which the principles of community-based participatory research were applied as guides for the development of partnership infrastructures, research programs, and the challenges and barriers that were encountered. Facilitating factors in partnership building, and implications of employing this model in this ethnically and racially diverse population, are further discussed.
Supernova observations at McDonald Observatory

The programs to obtain high quality spectra and photometry of supernovae at McDonald Observatory are reviewed. Spectra of recent Type I supernovae in NGC 3227, NGC 3625, and NGC 4419 are compared with those of SN 1981b in NGC 4536 to quantitatively illustrate both the homogeneity of Type I spectra at similar epochs and the differences in detail which will serve as a probe of the physical processes in the explosions. Spectra of the recent supernova in NGC 0991 give for the first time quantitative confirmation of a spectrally homogeneous, but distinct subclass of Type I supernovae which appear to be less luminous and to have lower excitation at maximum light than classical Type I supernovae.
Altered Common Stock Offerings

This study examines share price behavior when firms alter the size of their primary common stock offerings subsequent to the announcement date. The empirical evidence supports the theory that, given asymmetric information between management and investors, equity issuance is a function of prior stock returns. Average prediction errors in the announcement and postannouncement intervals, taken together or separately, have relative magnitudes that may be logically related to subsequent management decisions concerning these issues. Logistic regressions document significant relationships between the announcement and postannouncement excess returns and managerial decisions.
Toward a Theory of Inter-Organizational Relations

Social science research has been concerned primarily with intra-organizational phenomena. The twin problems of theory and methodology have impeded research on inter-organizational phenomena. Merton's concept of the “role-set” is the point of departure for an analogous concept designated as the “organization-set.” The unit of analysis is an organization or a class of organizations, referred to as the focal organization, and its interactions are mapped with the network of organizations in its environment, i.e., with elements of its organization-set. Seven dimensions of organization-sets are discussed: input vs. output organization-sets, comparative vs. normative reference organizations; size of the organization-set; concentration of input organizational resources; overlap in membership; overlap in goals and values; and boundary personnel. With the aid of these dimensions, hypotheses are formulated concerning the variable of autonomy in decision-making of the focal organization. Similar hypotheses---several of which are set forth---are needed for various inter-organizational processes, such as coordination, cooperation, competition, conflict, and amalgamation. Two methodological tools which may prove useful in empirical research on inter-organizational relations, graph theory and input-output analysis, are considered.
Diversity Management: Seeking Validation

Diversity management is widely valued in higher education today, but closer examination often reveals a lack of action to support the level of diversity that institutions claim to embrace in many of their strategic documents. This paper includes an assessment of diversity management within South Carolina’s technical colleges and an examination of survey results. It is a companion study to a prior study of diversity in North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (NCICU). The purpose of that research was to review campus-wide documents and structure of schools in the NCICU to determine diversity transparency (Bledsoe/Oatsvall).
Life Journey Profile: Amee Chande

Examine the life journey of an HBS 2002 alum, and her perspective on success, in her own words.
Global Impact for your Institution: International Experiential Education for Technical Students

Abstract This chapter describes Georgia Institute of Technology�s (Georgia Tech) model for producing globally competent engineers. It details two aspects that Georgia Tech thinks are vital to its success: (1) the need for institutional support and resources and (2) making international experiential education a part of an institution�s culture
Defining’ success’ in ICU Care

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Report, “Crossing the Quality Chasm”, challenged physicians as part of the medical system to provide care that is safe, effective, efficient, timely, patient centered, and equitable [1]. Most intensive care physicians have little knowledge of whether they are achieving these aims. We generally do not systematically evaluate the quality of intensive care unit (ICU) care provided to patients and if we do, evaluation ceases when the patient leaves the ICU or hospital. With no capacity to evaluate the long-term impact of ICU care, it is difficult for intensivists to improve the care they provide, such that benefits are maximized and complications minimized. In this chapter, we will present a case of an ‘ICU success story’, review the gaps in knowledge and the available literature regarding the impact of ICU care, and propose an outhne for research in this area.
Impact of Relative Intensity Noise on 60-GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Wireless Transmission Systems

This paper investigates a 60-GHz radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication system employing two different techniques to generate millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signals. The relative intensity noise (RIN) transferred during optical heterodyning of mm-wave signal is theoretically studied and experimentally investigated. Laser RIN induces noise at resultant electrical mm-wave signal and is directly generated from initial RIN at low frequency. Therefore, RIN impairs the performance of the mm-wave RoF system. The model of RIN is also presented and is in very close agreement with the experiment results. Furthermore, wireless transmission experiments to demonstrate the intensity noise effect are carried out and are compliant with the communication standards at mm-wave. Wireless transmission up to 3 m can be achieved using a transmit power of +4.5 dBm.
Evaluation of Animal Models Using in-111-Labeled Platelets

Animal models continue to be important for studying many diseases, some of which include vascular and cellular related phenomena. To better elucidate the parameters involved, radiolabeled blood components were employed for determining total blood volume (1), plasma volume (2) cell kinetics (4) and the detection of cellular-mediated disorders such as thrombosis (5) and abscessed tissue (6). As more information about vascular disorders is collected, the roles of platelets and leukocytes are more defined and have been described as participating in the regulation of prostaglandin production and thereby maintaining vascular integrity; the process of joint inflammation; and other subtle, less well-defined roles in atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and myocardial infarction.
TLA+: Whence, Wherefore, and Whither

The evolution of my ideas on specification and verification, and how they led to the TLA+ specification language. What is good and bad about TLA+. A brief description of the next version of TLA+ and its tools. E.
Impact of the Stochastic Distribution of Fuel Particles on VHTR Neutronic Analysis

Very High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (VHTRs) [1], both prismatic and pebble-bed designs, utilize TRISO fuel particles (with diameter 0.078cm) that are randomly distributed in fuel compacts or fuel pebbles. The stochastic distribution of TRISO fuel particles has an important effect on the neutronic analysis, including criticality eigenvalues and flux/power distributions. In this summary, several packing schemes which mimic the possible distributions of fuel particles in VHTR configurations are examined. These schemes include models based on assuming the fuel particles are arranged in a lattice structure, in a "jiggled" lattice structure, and a random structure based on the RSA (random sequential addition) method, which is a simple algorithm that places a sphere randomly in a container but rejects the placement if it overlaps another sphere or the container boundary. In each structure, two cases are investigated with different volume packing fractions (VPF): 28.92% and 5.76%, corresponding to prismatic type and pebble-bed reactors, respectively. The probability density functions (PDFs) for the chord lengths between fuel particles are determined for each structure. The impact of the different particle distributions on the neutronic analysis is studied by calculating infinite medium Dancoff factors for the fuel particles. These results can also be used as benchmarks to validate the computational accuracy of analysis methods (such as chord length sampling [2,3,4]) used to analyze VHTR configurations.
Transcription factors as readers and effectors of DNA methylation

Recent technological advances have made it possible to decode DNA methylomes at single-base-pair resolution under various physiological conditions. Many aberrant or differentially methylated sites have been discovered, but the mechanisms by which changes in DNA methylation lead to observed phenotypes, such as cancer, remain elusive. The classical view of methylation-mediated protein-DNA interactions is that only proteins with a methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) can interact with methylated DNA. However, evidence is emerging to suggest that transcription factors lacking a MBD can also interact with methylated DNA. The identification of these proteins and the elucidation of their characteristics and the biological consequences of methylation-dependent transcription factor-DNA interactions are important stepping stones towards a mechanistic understanding of methylation-mediated biological processes, which have crucial implications for human development and disease.
Polymer film-based optical access to enclosed gas: demonstration of H 2 O absorption tomography

We demonstrate the use of a film to enable optical access to enclosed gases. We use absorption tomography to image H2O in a 101.6-mm-diameter duct with 2-mm spatial resolution. Considering the central 94 mm, the standard deviation of the image is 1.6 %, and the average mole fraction error is −0.008 %. A polybenzimidazole film is identified to be a candidate for extending the technique to enable NH3 imaging in a diesel aftertreatment system.
Two scales are better than one: Monitoring multiple-use northern temperate forests

Abstract Managing forests for multiple, often conflicting values, coupled with the uncertainty of global environmental change, requires a more flexible approach to maintaining functioning ecosystems into the future. Adaptive management offers such flexibility, but is often hampered by a lack of targeted monitoring data collected in a consistent manner—the evidence base. Moreover, effective management of expansive forest ecosystems requires data on both landscape scale processes, as well as finer-scale data on vegetation structure and composition. To address the challenges of adaptive management in forest ecosystems, we tested the ability of a small set of multi-scale indicators to inform management of Minnesota’s Northern Great Lakes forest. Using remotely sensed and field data, we monitored changes in forest condition over a 20-year period in the 42,000 ha Manitou forest landscape in northeastern Minnesota. We used multi-temporal remote sensing data to assess landscape-scale changes in disturbance rates, patch size and age structure. With field data, we used a chronosequence method to assess management effects over time on finer scale characteristics such as canopy composition, tree regeneration, vertical structure and coarse woody debris. Combining remotely sensed and field data provided a more robust evidence base for decision-making than either approach could have provided alone. For example, examining remote-sensing data alone indicates that the rate of severe disturbance (timber harvest) peaked during the 20-year analysis period, and has declined in recent years. As disturbance rates declined, patch size and the proportion of forest in later successional stages all increased from year 2000 levels. These indicators of landscape structure showed positive shifts towards conservation objectives, but only tell part of the whole story. Field data elucidate a number of negative trends, including poor regeneration of key species (Picea glauca, Pinus strobus, Thuja occidentalis, Betula alleghaniensis), and simplified structure in young and mature growth stages. In addition, much of the mature forest transitioning into later-successional growth stages lacks the long-lived species and structural characteristics needed to develop late-successional conditions. An evidence base compiled from data gathered at both the stand and landscape scale provides the flexibility on which sound adaptive management depends.
‘So They Will Love Me and Pine for Me’: Intimacy and Distance in Early Modern Russian Magic

In early modern Russia, intimacy and physical contact were essential to the efficacy of enchantment. Yet Muscovites also moved in a broader world populated by strangers. Judges, officers, ‘powerful people’, or the tsar himself were manipulated by spells that would make them ‘love me and pine for me’, the spell-caster. In a society reliant on kinship, patronage, and protection, power was negotiated through the language of filial love, childish dependency, and patriarchal obligation. Love magic transferred its passion play into the political sphere, working its emotional enchantments on an expansive spatial and social plane. This chapter explores the translation of love magic from the proximate and intimate to the generic and political and the power of emotion in both arenas.
Comparison of Anti-obesity Effects of Onion Peels by Different Extraction Methods Using 3T3-L1 and Primary Brown Adipocytes In Vitro

Obesity, indicated by excess body fat accumulation, is a serious health problem. Various functional foods have been attracted for improving obese condition. Onion peel, a by-product of onion has sh...
A short region upstream of the yeast vacuolar Qa-SNARE heptad-repeats promotes membrane fusion through enhanced SNARE complex assembly

Membrane fusion requires that four SNARE domains form a complex. A short conserved region just upstream of the Qa-SNARE heptad-repeat domain promotes SNARE-complex assembly and hence fusion.
Burn Care in the Deployed Setting

This chapter is provided as both a refresher and a primer for general surgeons and other physicians who anticipate caring for burn casualties in an austere (combat hospital) environment. The experience level of general surgeons in the care of severely injured burn patients is widely variable, ranging from having no experience whatsoever to daily work in a burn center. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a list of key and essential management priorities which may ultimately help you improve outcomes for severely burned patients within the limitations of your facility’s resources.
A fully implicit and consistent finite element framework for modeling reservoir compaction with large deformation and nonlinear flow model. Part II: verification and numerical example

A fully implicit, fully coupled, and fully consistent finite element framework has been formulated in part I of this work for modeling reservoir compaction through linearizing coupled solid and flow field equations and constructing a local material integrator. In part II of this work, we focus on verification and performance analysis of our numerical formulation and computer implementation using several numerical examples. First, we design a cube problem in triaxial compression to verify our numerical formulation and computer code implementation especially for rock formation in compaction using cap plasticity models. The finite element prediction on stresses is compared with the analytical solution. The second problem we select is a strip footing problem popular in the geotechnical area where the evolution of soil consolidation degrees following the diffusion of pore pressure is the main interest. In this example, we demonstrate a good performance of the proposed numerical formulation on solving different shear and compaction-dominated deformation behaviors by varying the footing length. Importantly, an extremely sharp cap model based on real experimental data for Leda clays, a challenging cap model, is successfully applied in this footing problem. Our focus in this work is to model field reservoirs undergoing serious compaction. A reservoir with complex payzone geometries, multiple horizontal wells, and cap plasticity models with sharp cap surfaces has been successfully solved using our fully implicit formulation. The last example is to model a horizontal wellbore damage problem. Finally, the sensitivity of predicted subsidence to nonlinear flow model, cap hardening parameters, and Lode angles have been systemically investigated and documented in detail, which can provide a constructive guidance on how to successfully model field reservoir compaction problems with cap plasticity models.
Electron dynamics in transition metal dichalcogenides utilizing attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

Strong enhancement of exciton binding has been observed in valence-excitons in the optical regime of 2D materials. We report direct observation of long-lived core-exciton states in transition metal dichalcogenides by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in the XUV.
Books Worth Reading Preparing Students for their Future Lives

Practice for Life: Making Decisions in College, by Lee Cuba, Nancy Jennings, Suzanne Lovett, and Joseph Swingle. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016. 256 pages. $35.00 Hardback.Vocation A...
Intracellular trafficking of sterols.

Sterols are almost universally found as major membrane components of eukaryotic cells but are absent among prokaryotes. Whereas prokaryotic cells contain only a plasma membrane, eukaryotes have evolved an elaborate network of membrane-bounded organelles, or “membranelles,” in addition to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, the majority of cellular free cholesterol resides in the plasma membrane, with cholesterol-to-phospholipid (C/P) ratios several-fold higher than those of intracellular membranes. Thus, the lipid aspect of intracellular membranes of eukaryotes biochemically resembles the prokaryotic plasma membrane.
The Effect of Informal Caregiving on Labor Market Outcomes in South Korea

Embedded in traditional culture perpetuating family-centered elderly care, informal care is still viewed as a family or moral issue rather than a social and policy issue in South Korea. Using newly available microdata from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, this study investigates the effect of informal caregiving on labor market outcomes in South Korea. By doing so, this study provides evidence to inform elderly long-term care policy in South Korea, and also fills a gap in the international literature by providing results from an Asian country. Empirical analyses address various methodological issues by investigating gender differences, by examining both extensive and intensive labor market adjustments with two definitions of labor force participation, by employing different functional forms of care intensity, and by accounting for the potential endogeneity of informal care as well as intergenerational co-residence. Robust findings suggest negative effects of informal caregiving on labor market outcomes among women, but not among men. Compared with otherwise similar non-caregivers, female intensive caregivers who provide at least more than 10 hours of care per week are at an increased risk of being out of the labor force by 15.2 percentage points. When examining the probability of employment in the formal sector only, the effect magnitude is smaller. Among employed women, more intensive caregivers receive lower hourly wages by 1.65K Korean Won than otherwise similar non-caregivers. Informal care is already an important economic issue in South Korea even though aging is still at an early stage.
Gustilo IIIB Open Tibial Fractures: An analysis of Infection and Nonunion Rates

Background: Gustilo IIIB tibial fractures are associated with high rates of infection and nonunion. This study evaluates the impact of factors such as patient demographics, mechanism of injury, time to the first debridement, and time to flap coverage on the union and infection rates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with open tibial fractures who presented to our tertiary trauma center over 13 years from April 2000 to August 2013. All patients were followed for at least 6 months and continued till radiographic evidence of union (maximum 72 months). Time to fracture union was based on radiological evidence of callus bridging at least three cortices. Information on infection rates and the presence of microbes were evaluated. Results: A total of 120 patients were analyzed. The mean time to fracture union was 33.8 weeks. Younger age was associated with a lower risk of nonunion with the mean age being 30.4 years in union group compared to 38.2 in the delayed-union group. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of delayed union with revision surgery being needed in 61.5% of smokers compared to 36.4% in nonsmokers. Rates of infection were high at 30.3%. Smoking was associated with an increased risk of infection (65.4% vs. 24.7%). Conclusion: High-energy open tibia fractures required an average of 8.5 months to heal and delayed or nonunion at an earlier juncture cannot be assumed.
A Distance Education Collaboration: The Learning Café Experience

As distance education collaborations between high schools and colleges increase, there is a concern that little has been done to assess the quality and effectiveness of the resulting virtual courses (Carr & Young, 1999). Yet it is equally important to address or consider the many challenges and issues of the collaboration itself. How these issues are addressed will seriously impact the success of any college distance education project in collaboration with other institutions of learning, including K-12 schools, community centers, and private industry. This article is about collaboration issues between high schools and colleges. It focuses on what the developers learned and offers lessons for what must be considered and planned for prior to the initiation of a collaboration project.
Unravelling the Role of Topological Defects on Catalytic Unzipping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Single Transition Metal Atom.

Catalytic unzipping of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been experimentally shown to be a viable method to produce graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with clean and smooth edges for advanced applications, while topological defects (TDs) are inevitably presented in mass produced CNTs (especially the tube end/cap), which may affect the catalytic unzipping. Herein, we theoretically investigate the roles of TDs on the catalytic unzipping of SWCNTs by a single Fe atom in the H2 environment. Our computation shows that the threshold reaction barriers to the catalytic SWCNT unzipping can be notably reduced by ∼20%–40%, resulting from weakened and elongated local C–C bonds associated with TDs. The curvature energy of a SWCNT released during the unzipping can support the continuous unzipping and enable the chirality- and diameter-dependent unzipping. The important roles of H2 are also identified. The suggested tear-from-end-defect mechanism can markedly improve the controllability of the catalytic unzipping of ...
Correction to: Peritoneal Metastases in Colorectal Cancer.

In the original article Fadi Dahdaleh’s last name was spelled incorrectly. It is correct as reflected here.
Direct Observation of Early Stages of Growth of Multilayered DNA-templated Au-Pd-Au Core-Shell Nanoparticles in Liquid Phase

We report here on direct observation of early stages of formation of multilayered bimetallic Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes and Au-Pd-Au core-shell nanostars in liquid phase using low-dose in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) with the continuous flow fluid cell. The reduction of Pd and formation of Au-Pd core-shell is achieved through the flow of the reducing agent. Initial rapid growth of Pd on Au along direction is followed by a slower rearrangement of Pd shell. We propose the mechanism for the DNA-directed shape transformation of Au-Pd core-shell nanocubes to adopt a nanostar-like morphology in the presence of T30 DNA and discuss the observed nanoparticle motion in the confined volume of the fluid cell. The growth of Au shell over Au-Pd nanocube is initiated at the vertices of the nanocubes, leading to the preferential growth of the {111} facets and resulting in formation of nanostar-like particles. While the core-shell nanostructures formed in a fluid cell in situ under the low-dose imaging conditions closely resemble those obtained in solution syntheses, the reaction kinetics in the fluid cell is affected by the radiolysis of liquid reagents induced by the electron beam, altering the rate-determining reaction steps. We discuss details of the growth processes and propose the reaction mechanism in liquid phase in situ.
Inhibiting Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in CLL and Other B-Cell Malignancies.

Inhibitors of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a major kinase in the B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, mediating B-cell proliferation and apoptosis, have substantially altered the management, clinical course, and outcome of patients with B-cell malignancies. This is especially true for patients with previously limited treatment options due to disease characteristics or coexisting diseases. Ibrutinib was the first orally available, nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of BTK approved for the treatment of patients with various B-cell malignancies. Newer and more selective BTK inhibitors are currently in clinical development, including acalabrutinib, which is currently US FDA approved for previously treated mantle cell lymphoma. Significant efforts are underway to investigate the optimal combinations, timing, and sequencing of BTK inhibitors with other regimens and targeted agents, and to capitalize on the immunomodulatory modes of action of BTK inhibitors to correct tumor-induced immune defects and to achieve long-lasting tumor control. This review describes the major milestones in the clinical development of BTK inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell malignancies, highlights the most recent long-term follow-up results, and evaluates the role of BTK inhibitors and their combination with other agents in B-cell malignancies and other indications.
Leadership-Specific Feedback Practices in Surgical Residency: A Qualitative Study.

Objective The importance of feedback is well recognized in surgical training. Although there is increased focus on leadership as an essential competency in surgical training, it is unclear whether surgical residents receive effective feedback on leadership performance. We performed an exploratory qualitative study with surgical residents to understand current leadership-specific feedback practices in one surgical training program. Design We conducted semistructured interviews with surgical residents. Using line-by-line coding in an iterative process, we focused on feedback on leadership performance to capture both semantic and conceptual data. Setting The general surgery residency program at the University of Michigan, a tertiary care, academic institution. Participants Residents were purposively selected to include key informants and comprise a balanced sample with respect to postgraduate year, gender, and race. Results Four major themes were identified during the thematic analysis: (1) the importance of feedback for leadership development in residency; (2) inadequacy of current feedback mechanisms; (3) barriers to giving and receiving leadership-specific feedback; and (4) resident-driven recommendations for better leadership feedback. Conclusions Many surgical residents do not receive effective leadership feedback, although they express strong desire for formal evaluation of leadership skills. Establishing avenues for feedback on leadership performance will help bridge this gap. Additionally, training to give and receive leadership-specific feedback may improve the quality and incorporation of delivered feedback for developing surgeon-leaders.
Integrative profiling of early host chromatin accessibility responses in human neutrophils with sensitive pathogen detection

Sepsis is a leading cause of death globally where neutrophils respond to pathogens via tightly regulated antimicrobial effectors. Combining early neutrophilic responses and pathogen detection may reveal insights for disease recognition. We performed ATAC-seq of human neutrophils challenged with six toll-like receptor ligands and two organisms; and RNA-seq after Escherichia coli (EC) exposure for 1 and 4 hours along with ATAC-seq. ATAC-seq of neurophils retains more pathogenic DNA reads than standard library preparation methods. Only a fraction of differential chromatin regions overlap between challenges. Shared signatures exist for ligands but rest are unique in position, function, and challenge. Epigenomic changes are plastic, only ~500 are shared by EC challenges over time, resulting in varied differential genes and associated processes. We also identify three classes of chromatin mediated gene regulation based on their relative locations. These and transcription factor footprinting reveal timely and challenge specific mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in neutrophils.
Optimizing MRI-targeted prostate biopsy: the diagnostic benefit of additional targeted biopsy cores

Abstract Introduction The optimal number of biopsy cores to obtain during MRI-targeted prostate biopsy remains ill-defined. This study sought to determine the optimal number of targeted biopsy cores to obtain from a region of interest to maximize detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing MRI-targeted prostate biopsy at a single institution that newly implemented a targeted biopsy pathway from May 2017 to February 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Five biopsy cores were obtained and individually analyzed from each region rated ≥3 on PI-RADS v2.0 to determine the incremental diagnostic benefit of each additional targeted biopsy core. Variables associated with increasing Grade Group from the first to fifth biopsy core were assessed. Results One hundred and four patients (79% for elevated PSA) were enrolled, 82% of which had a prior biopsy. Men with a PI-RADS >3 lesion were more likely to have pathologic upgrading with additional targeted biopsy cores (OR:4.76; 95% CI:2.34–9.70; P 3 lesion and from 1% to 4% to 9% for PI-RADS 3 lesions. Urinary retention was the most common complication, occurring in 6 (5.7%) patients. Conclusion Clinically significant prostate cancer detection is improved with increased number of MRI-targeted biopsy cores, particularly for urologists early in their learning curve.
Changes in phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities during the whole wheat bread-making process

Health benefits of whole wheat products are partially attributed to their unique phenolic profiles. This study investigated the effect of bread-making processes on the phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of four different varieties of hard red winter wheat. The fermentation process generally increased soluble phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activities, and soluble ferulic acid of whole wheat products. The baking process increased the soluble phenolic content and antioxidant activities. Some phenolic acids were incorporated into Maillard reaction products during baking. For the insoluble fraction, fermentation and baking slightly increased phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of certain wheat varieties. Ferulic acid and isomers of di-ferulic acid (DFA) were not significantly affected by the baking process. Overall, the bread-making process demonstrated positive effects on the potential health benefits of whole wheat products.
The Influence of Protean Career Mindset on Employee Turnover Intention

In this study, the relationship between employee’s protean career mindset (PCM) and job turnover intentions (TOI) is assessed in light of moderating effects by employee’s perceived learning goals orientation (LGO) and company’s perceived learning opportunities (CLO). We aim to conduct a research study that involves skilled employees from across a variety of industries including participants of diverse gender, race, and other demographic characteristics. A structured questionnaire adapted and validated for this study was used to ascertain the responses of the respondents. An online survey was used to collect the data from 313 respondents. The analysis was performed by using SPSS, and the reliability of the scales was checked by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha. Pearson correlation coefficient was determined to test the hypothesis and verify relationship between the constructs in explaining turnover intentions. A regression analysis was run to create 5 models to examine the beta coefficient and determine any effect and direction of existing relationship. ANOVA test of difference on means was run to check for type 1 errors and multicollinearity was also conducted to determine how well the entire question explains the outcome of turnover intentions. The major findings of the study suggested that there is a significant relationship between protean career mindset and turnover intentions supporting the main effect hypothesis (H1). Specifically, protean career mindset with high self-directedness, drives the employee to cope better with organization changes due to high self-esteem that results in low turnover intentions. There is no moderating effect of LGO or CLO, but it suggested a main effect of CLO on turnover intentions synonymous to company support.
Application of natural antimicrobial coating for controlling food-borne pathogens on meat and fresh produce

Abstract Despite significant advancements in food science and technology, food-borne illnesses remain a major challenge worldwide. Although the food industry traditionally relies on good manufacturing practices and implementation of hazard analysis critical control points for reducing food contamination during manufacture, preventing food contamination and spoilage during postprocessing storage or transport remains a technological challenge requiring further research. Nearly 30%–50% (~1.2–2 billion tones) of all food produced globally is wasted due to inadequate storage or poor transportation practices. As more and more consumers demand a safe and minimally processed product with enhanced shelf life, edible coatings incorporated with natural antimicrobials represent a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly technology to achieve this goal. Antimicrobial edible coating matrices based on complex polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, or their derivatives have been successfully developed. This chapter will discuss the development, effectiveness, and advantages of antibacterial edible coatings formulated with an array of natural antimicrobials for controlling bacterial contamination and spoilage of meat products, fresh fruits, and vegetables. In addition, the antibacterial mechanism of various ingredients and their effect on the biochemical and physical properties of coating matrix will be discussed.
How Can We Help? Adult Learning as Self-Care in COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 has provided individuals across the world with unprecedented experiences and challenges. This perspective piece demonstrates how following the foundational theories of adult learning allows adult educators to create a positive environment for learners in the middle of a crisis. Three self-care tips are examined briefly through the lens of adult learning. Implications for practice, including communities of practice, empowerment, and mindfulness, are discussed in context. A brief examination of implications for research is provided as well.
Sputnik to Apollo: The Constituents of America’s Response to Soviet Space Accomplishments

This paper examines the development of the American space program in relation to the Soviet Union’s technological and space accomplishments during the Cold War, focusing on events ranging from Germany’s surrender at the end of World War II to the 21st century’s “New Space Race.” Through an analysis of the media’s subsequent outcry to the 1957 Sputnik launches, this paper compares the role of the two Sputnik satellites and recognizes both “Fellow Travelers” as interconnected events with equal importance in prompting the acceleration of American space efforts. In addition to our examination of the media’s response, we study the evolution of the American political leaders’ perception of the space race since President John F. Kennedy—despite having used criticisms of Dwight D. Eisenhower’s space policies to build the foundation of his 1960 presidential campaign—did not immediately commit to competing against the Soviet Union in the space race. This essay identifies the key events—Gagarin’s spaceflight and the Bay of Pigs fiasco in 1961—that shocked Kennedy and his administration into reevaluating the nation’s space program, the catalyst behind the “Moon decision.” The essay also explores the series of judicious managerial decisions that allowed NASA and the United States to safely land on the Moon and beat the Soviet Union in the space race with Project Apollo despite having been second in nearly every preceding space milestone.
Role of Imaging Techniques for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Heart Failure Patients: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has evolved into a major tool for the diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of patients suffering from heart failure. Anatomical and structural imaging, functional assessment, T1 and T2 mapping tissue characterization, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) have provided clinicians with tools to distinguish between non-ischemic and ischemic cardiomyopathies and to identify the etiology of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. LGE is a useful tool to predict the likelihood of functional recovery after revascularization in patients with CAD and to guide the left ventricular (LV) lead placement in those who qualify for cardiac resynchronization (CRT) therapy. In addition, the presence of LGE and its extent in myocardial tissue relate to overall cardiovascular outcomes. Emerging roles for cardiac imaging in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are being studied, and CMR continues to be among the most promising noninvasive imaging alternatives in the diagnosis of this disease.
Global Appetites: American Power and the Literature of Food

Global Appetites explores how industrial agriculture and countercultural food movements underpin US conceptions of global power in the century since the First World War. Allison Carruth's study centers on what she terms the 'literature of food' - a body of work that comprises literary realism, late modernism and magical realism along with culinary writing, food memoir and advertising. Through analysis of American texts ranging from Willa Cather's novel O Pioneers! (1913) to Novella Carpenter's non-fiction work Farm City (2009), Carruth argues that stories about how the United States cultivates, distributes and consumes food imbue it with the power to transform social and ecological systems around the world. Lively and accessible, this interdisciplinary study will appeal to scholars of American literature and culture as well as those working in the fields of food studies, food policy, agriculture history, social justice and the environmental humanities.
The isolation of nuclei from fungi.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the techniques for the isolation of nuclei from fungi. The chapter concentrates on the fungi, the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum , and the bread mold Neurospora crassa . The problem of isolating fungal nuclei and chromatin is that, the current methods might isolate proteins that appear to be histones when they are not. Quantitation of nuclear proteins that are not chromatin-bound nor as tightly bound as histones would be more difficult to establish. The use of snail gut enzyme to obtain protoplasts as intermediates would be an approach to overcome the problem of breaking the Neurospora cell wall. Some of the methods can be improved by use of inhibitors of proteases and nucleases and by alteration of metal ion concentrations. The combined use of protease and nuclease inhibitors, however, might produce artifacts because in mouse liver, such combinations resulted in anomalous changes in the fine structure of the nuclei.
Ca2+/CaMKII-dependent ERK1/2 signaling mediates serotonin 5-HT3 receptor-mediated vomiting (LB742)

The 5-HT3R agonist 2-Me-5-HT induces vomiting. Its downstream signaling remain unknown. 5-HT3R has high permeability to extracellular Ca2+ and upon stimulation allows Ca2+ influx. We examined the contribution of Ca2+/CaMKIIα, interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin, and ERK1/2 signaling to 2-Me-5-HT-induced emesis in least shrews. 2-Me-5-HT augmented intracellular Ca2+ levels in the brainstem slices and the 5-HT3R antagonist palonosetron, abolished the response. Pre-treatment with either: i) amlodipine, an antagonist that blocks L-type Ca2+ channels; ii) dantrolene, an inhibitor of ryanodine receptors (RyRs); iii) a combination of their less-effective doses; or iv) inhibitors of CaMKII (KN93) and ERK1/2 (PD98059); dose-dependently suppressed emesis. 2-Me-5-HT also: i) enhanced the interaction of 5-HT3R with calmodulin in the brainstem as revealed by immunoprecipitation, and their colocalization in the area postrema and intestine by immunohistochemistry; and ii) activated CaMKIIα in brainstem and enterochrom...
Chapter 6 Sectoral economics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a common set of methods that are not currently in wide use in either microeconomics or macroeconomics, but constitute a core of the methodology for models in many different sectors of the economy. The chapter also provides an overview of the varieties of sectoral models, and discusses the ways in which some of the methods of sectoral economics can be used to great advantage in microeconomics or macroeconomics. It is now possible to estimate entire models and to solve these models using nonlinear programming or stochastic control theory methods. These methods permit the consideration of accurate models and the inclusion in the analysis of the effects of uncertainty. The progress in sectoral modeling is based on the foundation of earlier work in activity analysis, linear programming, and the solution of models with economies of scale that permits the development and solution of realistic models with many commodities, processes, productive units, plants, and markets.
Checking Framework Interactions with Relationships

Software frameworks impose constraints on how plugins may interact with them. Many of these constraints involve multiple objects, are temporal, and depend on runtime values. Additionally, they are difficult to specify because they are often extrinsic and may break behavioral subtyping. This work introduces relationships as an abstraction for specifying framework constraints in FUSION (Framework Usage SpecificatIONs), and it presents a formal description and implementation of a static analysis to find constraint violations in plugin code. We define three variants of this analysis: one is sound, one is complete, and a pragmatic variant that balances these tradeoffs. We prove soundness and completeness for the appropriate variants, and we show that the pragmatic variant can effectively check constraints from real-world programs.
Fleuriet's Rebuttal to 'Questioning Fleuriet's Model of Working Capital Management on Empirical Grounds'

In his article to "Questioning Fleuriet's Model of Working Capital Management on Empirical Grounds", Otavio R. De Medeiros (2005) questions the validity of the so called Fleuriet's model, which was introduced in Brazil in the late 70's. According to De Medeiros, the model is empirically inconsistent. This rebuttal demonstrates the deficiencies of his criticism. His analysis is based on a wrong interpretation of the model's premises. The model's premises are now widely used in Europe and increasingly so in the United States. As a result, De Medeiros' test rests on nothing more substantial than his own misunderstanding. It is ironic that De Medeiros questions the validity of the model at a time when similar approaches are being developed in the U.S., nearly 30 years after this model was introduced in Brazil. Finally I show that with such an approach, one could have read through Enron's 2000 financial statements. I conclude with advocating a wider use of this method in Brazil.
The Food of the Worlds: Mapping and Comparing Contemporary Gastrodiplomacy Campaigns

From the perspective of strategic communication planning, this research maps and compares the gastrodiplomacy campaigns by Japan, Malaysia, Peru, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. Analysis reveals that message appeals of the campaigns include mysticism, exoticism, naturalness, and healthiness. Campaign strategies range from membership relations in marketing products to the use of opinion leaders and coalition building. The research also documents several innovative campaign tactics.
Laser atomic fluorescence characterization of materials

Laser atomic fluorescence (LAF) is a powerful spectroscopic tool in analytical applications when it is necessary to measure extremely low concentrations of atoms. The main purpose of this method is to determine the presence and absolute concentrations of different elements in materials. In this paper we will describe the basic principles of the method and how advances in lasers, fiberoptics and detectors allow for significant improvement and simplification of the LAF spectrometer.
Expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha mRNA in human leukemia cells.

The expression of the newly described human retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) in six nonlymphoid and six lymphoid leukemia cell lines and nine freshly obtained samples of leukemia cells from patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia was assessed by Northern blot analysis, using a full length cDNA clone of RAR alpha as probe. RAR alpha was expressed in all 12 cell lines and in all fresh leukemia samples as two major transcripts of 2.6 and 3.5 kb in size. Levels of RAR alpha expression and transcript sizes in retinoid-sensitive cells (such as HL60 or fresh promyelocytic leukemia cells) were not different from those in other samples. Moreover, expression of RAR alpha was not significantly modulated by exposure to cis-retinoic acid (cisRA) in either cisRA-responsive or unresponsive cells. By using a 3′ fragment of the RAR alpha gene as a probe, we confirmed that the transcripts visualized did not represent the homologous RAR beta gene. RAR alpha appears to be expressed in most human leukemia cells regardless of the type of biologic response to retinoic acid.