cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creative disorder: A response to Chafetz

For several years I have read and used the work of Janet Saltzman Chafetz on gender and society in my own work. Her brief piece on theory in Perspectives is also stimulating, but several of its points deserve a response, in particular, the issue of teaching about "long dead scholars" requires comment. Chafetz is raising an important point here, especially since courses on "the classics" can easily be white males speaking about the thought of earlier European white males. Such power-based, rational, economic, structure-functional thought may miss another important perspective and may be encapsulated by its own concepts and worldview. We are being reminded today that this process needs to be "deconstructed," so as to question many of the assumptions on which it is based. A course in which white males speak of other white males may simply be ignoring (or not understanding) much of social reality. A course of the classics does not have to be like that. In my course on classical theory we deal with thinkers such as Charlotte Perkins Gilman, who spoke of consumption before Veblen, who applied Durkheim's division of labor to the home, and who raised many of today's feminist issues sixty years ago. But the male scholarly world saw to it that she was vilified and then ignored. Aside from Judith Nies's book on Seven Women, it is still hard to find references to her today?even by feminist writers. The point is that classical theory does not need to be either anachronistic or captured by a single perspective. This leads to a second point. Discussion of dead scholars at its best is not merely intellectual history. The questions they asked and the answers they gave are being lived by and died for today. Here we are not talking about "minor revisions" to make them applicable. Rather, we are saying that, rightly or wrongly, they are being applied by whole ethnic groups and societies. A theory about "is ness" easily becomes an ideology of "ought-ness." of good/best, right/wrong, better/worse. And this has happened with many "classics." A third point concerns Chafetz's statement that relevant theoretical ideas should be incorporated into substantive classes. This is do-able except for certain major theoretical questions, such as the nature of society (consensual, coercive, etc.) or the nature of societal change (evolution, revolution, reform, etc.). The fact is
Parvocellular and magnocellular contributions to the initial generators of the visual evoked potential: high-density electrical mapping of the "C1" component.

The C1 component of the VEP is considered to index initial afference of retinotopic regions of human visual cortex (V1 and V2). C1 onsets over central parieto–occipital scalp between 45 and 60 ms, peaks between 70 and 100 ms, and then resolves into the following P1 component. By exploiting isoluminant and low-contrast luminance stimuli, we assessed the relative contributions of the Magnocellular (M) and Parvocellular (P) pathways to generation of C1. C1 was maximal at 88 ms in a 100% luminance contrast condition (which stimulates both P and M pathways) and at 115 ms in an isoluminant chromatic condition (which isolates contributions of the P pathway). However, in a 4% luminance contrast condition (which isolates the M pathway), where the stimuli were still clearly perceived, C1 was completely absent. Absence of C1 in this low contrast condition is unlikely to be attributable to lack of stimulus energy since a robust P1–N1 complex was evoked. These data therefore imply that C1 may be primarily parvocellular in origin. The data do not, however, rule out some contribution from the M system at higher contrast levels. Nonetheless, that the amplitude of C1 to P-isolating isoluminant chromatic stimuli is equivalent to that evoked by 100% contrast stimuli suggests that even at high contrast levels, the P system is the largest contributor. These data are related to intracranial recordings in macaque monkeys that have also suggested that the initial current sink in layer IV may not propagate effectively to the scalp surface when M-biased stimuli are used. We also discuss how this finding has implications for a long tradition of attention research that has␣used C1 as a metric of initial V1 afference in humans. C1 has been repeatedly interrogated for potential selective attentional modulations, particularly in spatial attentional designs, under the premise that modulation of this component, or lack thereof, would be evidence for or against selection at the initial inputs to visual cortex. Given the findings here, we would urge that in interpreting C1 effects, a consideration of the dominant cellular contributions will be necessary. For example, it is plausible that spatial attention mechanisms could operate primarily through the M system and that as such C1 may not always represent an adequate dependent measure in such studies.
Panel report: Biotechnology Resources Program (BRP)

During the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that even some of the most distinguished biomedical research institutions throughout the country are unable to provide their member scientists with either up-to-date health-relevant research tools or the opportunity to collaborate with innovative experts at the technology/medicine interface. Accordingly, a concerted effort in Biotechnology Resource Sharing was initiated and promoted during fiscal year 1974 and will continue for the forseeable future. The objective is to effect a more nearly equitable distribution of highly specialized research support capabilities in the nation, including especially those institutions having limited biotechnology capabilities but strong biomedical research programs and compelling biotechnology needs.
Enrollment factors and bias of disease prevalence estimates in administrative claims data.

Abstract Purpose Considerations for using administrative claims data in research have not been well-described. To increase awareness of how enrollment factors and insurance benefit use may contribute to prevalence estimates, we evaluated how differences in operational definitions of the cohort impact observed estimates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study estimating the prevalence of five gastrointestinal conditions using MarketScan claims data for 73.1 million enrollees. We extracted data obtained from 2009 to 2012 to identify cohorts meeting various enrollment, prescription drug benefit, or health care utilization characteristics. Next, we identified patients meeting the case definition for each of the diseases of interest. We compared the estimates obtained to evaluate the influence of enrollment period, drug benefit, and insurance usage. Results As the criteria for inclusion in the cohort became increasingly restrictive the estimated prevalence increased, as much as 45% to 77% depending on the disease condition and the definition for inclusion. Requiring use of the insurance benefit and a longer period of enrollment had the greatest influence on the estimates observed. Conclusions Individuals meeting case definition were more likely to meet the more stringent definition for inclusion in the study cohort. This may be considered a form of selection bias, where overly restrictive inclusion criteria definitions may result in selection of a source population that may no longer represent the population from which cases arose.
What is “SCUP” and so what?

Library planners often have the problem of finding institutional or organizational support to assist them with their building projects. The Society for College and University Planning (SCUP) is a professional association composed of university planners, architects and administrators. SCUP addresses three campus planning‐related functions: academic planning, institutional decision making and resource planning, and facilities planning. The centerpiece of its activities is a large yearly conference in which members convene to share innovative ideas and developments in planning. This year’s conference in Boston was highlighted by a discussion on the future of resource planning in non‐traditional universities like The University of Phoenix.
Evaluation of Seedling Resistance to Tan Spot and Stagonospora nodorum Blotch in Tetraploid Wheat

Tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), an important cereal used for making pasta products, is more vulnerable to various wheat diseases than bread wheat (T. aestivum L.). To identify resistant sources use- ful for improving durum resistance to tan spot (caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.) and Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) (caused by Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Muller) Hedjaroude), we evaluated 688 acces- sions belonging to T. turgidum L. subspecies T. carthlicum, T. polonicum, T. turgidum, T. dicoccum, and T. turanicum for their seedling resistance to P. tritici-repentis and P. nodorum. Accessions were inoculated with a P. tritici- repentis race 1 isolate (Pti2) and a mixture of three diverse isolates of P. nodorum (LDNSn4, BBCSn5, and Sn2000). Then 206 accessions with low and intermediate disease reaction to either of the inocula were further evaluated for reactions to P. tritici-repentis and P. nodorum and for sensitivity to host-selective toxins pro- duced by the two pathogens. Data showed that 25 and 132 accessions had high levels of or par- tial resistance to tan spot and SNB, respectively, with 10 accessions, including T. dicoccum and T. turgidum, showing resistance to both dis- eases. The resistant accessions identifi ed in this study would be particularly useful for devel- oping durum wheat germplasm resistant to tan spot and SNB due to their semidomesticated characteristics and same genomic constitutions as durum wheat.
“Where nothing was before”: (re)producing population and place in Ghana's Volta River Project

Significant infrastructural projects, and especially large hydroelectric dams, were envisioned and deployed by postcolonial governments to promote particular visions of industrialization, agriculture, democracy, and modernity. Newly independent states sought to annihilate formerly so-called backward and primitive landscapes and populations alike, promising to re-create both places and people as rational, economically productive entities. In this article, we re-examine such narratives as they related to Ghana's Volta River Project (VRP). Relying on archival and media sources between the 1950s and 1960s, we interrogate the Ghanaian state's pursuit of the VRP from a perspective rooted firmly in cultural geography and pay careful attention to the issues of population displacement/resettlement and landscape reconfiguration that permeated all dimensions of the project. We analyze the ways in which Ghanaian leaders used the VRP to translate a particular suite of cultural, economic, and political values into mate...
Does loan renegotiation differ by securitization status? A transition probability study

Abstract This paper examines whether securitization has an ex-post effect on residential loan renegotiation. It makes two main contributions to the existing literature. First, this paper evaluates the re-default and self-cure rates of loans using bank-reported loan renegotiation data. Second, it conducts a transition probability study to better understand the re-default and self-cure dynamics by time and previous loan state. I find that previously delinquent portfolio loans are less likely to re-default and more likely to self-cure than comparable securitized loans during the intermediate time frame, but the difference diminishes afterwards. For previously cured loans, portfolio loans and securitized loans have generally similar re-default and self-cure rates over time. This paper emphasizes that it is important to understand the dynamic transition behavior of mortgage loans.
Brain injury: quality of life's greatest challenge

The objectives of this investigation were to (1) identify elements that comprise an acceptable quality of life (Q-L) post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the perspectives of patients and families, and (2) explore patient and family satisfaction with treatment decisions relevant to QoL. The authors created, tested, and administered two forms (patient; family) of a 35-question interview to 33 participants in a longitudinal TBI study (14 women, 19 men) and 33 associated family members. Men associated ratings of QoL with numerous variables, while women's responses revealed no significant relationships shared by QoL and other variables. Women reported a poorer QoL than did men. Older patients reported a better QoL than did younger patients. Families emphasized the family relationship, emotional control, and ability to concentrate when considering overall QoL. Patients did not. The majority of patients and families expressed satisfaction with decisions made about acute treatment. QoL research is essential to illuminate best practice models.
The effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and antiserum to NGF on the development of embryonic sympathetic neurons in vivo.

Abstract The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the development of embryonic sympathetic neurons was examined in vivo. Individual mouse embryos received transuterine injections of NGF or antiserum to NGF (anti-NGF), and the effects on the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) were studied. Treatment with NGF at any gestational stage, from the time of ganglion aggregation to birth, increased ganglion tyrosine hydroxylase (T-OH) activity. Both the number of catecholaminergic neurons and T-OH activity per neuron were increased. Choline acetyltransferase (ChAc) activity was increased by NGF at early gestational stages, but not at later stages. These observations suggest that perikarya containing ChAc are responsive to NGF, whereas preganglionic nerve terminals are not. Treatment with anti-NGF rapidly and permanently decreased ganglion T-OH activity. The effects of anti-NGF were more pronounced at later gestational stages, suggesting that ganglia become increasingly dependent on NGF during development. Alteration of maternal levels of NGF had no effect on development of the embryonic SCG, suggesting that local embryonic concentrations of NGF are responsible for modulating sympathetic ontogeny.
The velocity dispersion in Saturn's rings

The collisional dynamics of a differentially rotating disk of particles are considered. The investigation is to some extent an analytic counterpart of the numerical studies of Brahic (1977). Following Brahic, it is assumed that the particles are identical, indestructible, imperfectly elastic, smooth spheres. Gravitational interactions between the particles are neglected. The main result of the reported analysis is the derivation of the relation between the coefficient of restitution and the optical depth for a differentially rotating disk of identical, inelastic, smooth spheres. Questions concerning the applicability of the obtained results to Saturn's rings are studied. It is felt that the calculations should give accurate quantitative results if the rings' filling factor is small. If this assumption is not justified, the calculations should be at least qualitatively correct.
Pyrolysis during the initial stages of pulverized-coal combustion

Mathematical modeling of the time-temperature history of coal particles in an entrained flow reactor revealed a nonisothermal pyrolysis process. Temperatures and residence times of particles in the reactor were strongly dependent on radial dispersion. Convective heat transfer was the dominant mode of heating the coal particles. Hence, the thermal diffusivity of the cold primary gas had an important influence on the heating rate. Predicted gas temperatures were lower in the presence of coal particles and predicted particle temperatures were lower when pyrolysis endothermicity was taken into account. The weight loss data and evidence from char morphologies indicated a coupling of heat transfer to the rate of pyrolysis. Increasing the heating rate produced a substantial increase in the weight loss rate. Furthermore, oxygen chemisorption produced a significant weight gain, particularly at short residence times. The observed variation of the weight loss rate with maceral composition is considered to be related to thermoplastic behavior. A mechanism for cenosphere formation by the softened coal under the rapid heating and dilute phase conditions is described.
Anodic Oxidation of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Platinum Electrode in Alkaline Medium

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) forms strong metal complexes and is often used to remove scale from heat-transfer equipment and to decontaminate equipment exposed to radioactive material. However, the resultant waste in the form of EDTA-metal complex is hard to treat due to the high stability of such complexes. The anodic oxidation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was studied in alkaline medium on a smooth platinum electrode. Bulk electrolysis indicated that stable organic intermediates (formaldehyde and glyoxal) are formed during the oxidation of EDTA and that complete oxidation to CO{sub 2} can be achieved. The proposed pathway suggests that the acetate groups in EDTA are initially oxidized, generating formaldehyde and ethylenediamine. The rest potential of EDTA (0.066 to 0.164 V vs. Hg/HgO) was observed to be higher than for other organic species. In alkaline medium, very little EDTA oxidation was found to occur on bare platinum. Limiting-current behavior due to PtO formation was observed immediately positive of the rest potential. Tafel behavior (Tafel slope 120 mV/dec) was observed in the potential region positive of the cessation of the bulk of oxide film formation and negative of the onset of O{sub 2} evolution. The reaction order of EDTA was determined to be {approximately}0.5, andmore » that of OH{sup {minus}} was close to zero. The reaction mechanism consistent with the experimental data involves Temkin-type adsorption and a first-electron-transfer rate-determining step.« less
Data interpretation techniques for inferring bubble size distribution from probe signals in fluidized systems

Abstract Bubble behavior in fluidized beds may have a profound effect on other aspects of bed hydrodynamics. Submersible probes are often used to study the local bubble properties in these systems. Generally, the axes of the pierced bubbles need not be aligned with the vertical axis of the bed. This matter is further complicated by the fact that there is a distribution of bubble size. Therefore, data interpretation of probe signals should be performed carefully to yield bubble size distribution information. In this paper an analytic data interpretation technique in closed form has been presented based on the assumption that the bubble rise velocity depends on bubble size (usually the velocity increases as the square root of the linear size). A method employing a non-parametric approach to infer the bubble size distribution from the probe time signals (pierced time durations) without need for information about the nature of the pierced time duration distribution has also been described. A statistical data transformation approach for obtaining the average bubble size and the standard deviation of the local bubble size distribution has been established. Monte-Carlo simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the correctness of these techniques.
On string tensions in supersymmetric gauge theory

Abstract In some models of N =1 supersymmetric SU ( M ) gauge dynamics (Nucl. Phys. B 447 (1995) 271 and Nucl. Phys. B 513 (1998) 87), the tension of a string ending on q external quarks is proportional to sin( πq / M ), q =1,…, M −1. In this Letter we calculate the ratios of the q -string tensions using the recently derived type IIB gravity duals of N =1 SUSY gauge theories. Far in the IR these gravity duals contain an S 3 with M units of R–R 3-form flux which, upon S-duality, turns into NS–NS 3-form flux. The confining q -string is described by a D3-brane wrapping an S 2 ⊂ S 3 with q units of world volume flux. For one of the gravity dual backgrounds (Maldacena–Nunez) a D3-brane probe calculation exactly reproduces the sin( πq / M ) dependence, while for another (Klebanov–Strassler) we find approximate agreement. We speculate on the connection of the q -string tensions with D-brane tensions in the SU (2) WZW model.
Anxiety symptoms in older home health care recipients: prevalence and associates.

This study examined the prevalence and associates of anxiety symptoms in older home health care recipients (N = 249) who completed structured interviews assessing sociodemographic, cognitive, medical and disability, and psychosocial variables—including anxiety (assessed by the Clinical Anxiety Scale). Mild or moderate anxiety was reported by 3.6% of the sample. No anxiety symptoms whatsoever were reported by 63.9%, while the remaining endorsed at least one symptom. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of having any anxiety were elevated among participants who had had a recent fall, OR = 2.81, 95% CI [1.46, 5.43]; and those with major depression, OR = 4.78, 95% CI [1.46, 15.68]. These findings point to the importance of conducting studies to clarify whether the mild severity of anxiety found in this sample is best accounted for by protective factors inherent to the home health care setting or assessment factors that diminish the reporting of anxiety symptoms.
Toughened polystyrene composites by the concentrated emulsion pathway

Rubber–styrene solutions of various compositions and containing a suitable initiator have been polymerized starting from concentrated emulsions in which the above solutions constitute the dispersed phase and solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate in water the continuous phase. Latexes of rubber-modified polystyrene composites have been thus obtained. Solutions of rubber–styrene have been also polymerized by bulk polymerization for comparison purposes. The molecular weights have been determined from intrinsic viscosity measurements, and the mechanical properties of the composites have been studied via tensile testings. Because of the lower mobility of the high-molecular radicals in the concentrated emulsions, higher molecular weights have been obtained by the concentrated emulsion polymerization than by the bulk polymerization method. The tensile properties and toughness of the composites have been determined. While the two polymerization methods provide high, comparable toughness, the concentrated emulsion method generates latexes that can be easily processed in any desirable shape. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta with the Aid of the Low Frequency, Critically Damped Ballistocardiograph

Ballistocardiograms taken with the low frequency, critically damped ballistocardiograph on 17 patients having coarctation of the aorta have a characteristic pattern in which the K wave is absent. In the patients in whom the coarctation was surgically removed, the pattern returned toward the normal type with reappearance of the K wave.
Improved L-Threonine Production by the Amplification of the Gene Encoding Homoserine Dehydrogenase in Brevibacterium lactofermentum

A 3.2 kb chromosomal DNA fragment encoding homoserine dehydrogenase (HD) of Brevibacterium lactofermentum M-15, a l-threonine and l-lysine producing mutant, was cloned into the unique Pstl site of vector plasmid pAJ1844. Strain M-15 was transformed with the obtained recombinant plasmid pAJ210. The transformant, AJ12021, showed 2-fold higher HD activity and accumulated a 1.4-fold higher amount of l-threonine (maximally 25.0 g/liter) than in the case of the host strain, M-15, respectively. The correlation between the amino acid production and the regulation of enzyme activities was discussed.
A Retrospective Review of 26 Cases of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy

Sixteen patients (14 women and two men) with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (26 involved eyes) were treated with either oral corticosteroids, orbital irradiation, surgical orbital decompression, combined corticosteroids and irradiation, or combined corticosteroids and surgical decompression. Thirteen of 16 eyes responded favorably to corticosteroid therapy but eight of the 13 relapsed upon discontinuation of treatment. Two of four eyes responded to irradiation initially but later relapsed. The response to orbital decompression was almost uniformly beneficial (eight of nine eyes responded) and lasting in all. Combined modes of therapy offered no additional advantage.
Industrial (Hospital) Therapy in a Veterans Administration Hospital (Chest Center): Observations of a Five Year Study

The industrial (hospital) therapy program has been in operation for the past five years with 250 participating patients. This is a form of activity which places patients in work areas within the hospital. The activity is in line with patients' post-hospital employment goals. Criteria for selection of patients and organizational procedures are outlined. The specific patient benefits provided by the program are listed. Certain precautions and difficulties are mentioned. The successful results stem from: (1) the coordinated efforts of the various disciplines of the rehabilitation team and the cooperation of the hospital non-medical personnel; (2) preliminary hospital survey of all available types of suitable work as well as preliminary orientation of the hospital personnel as to the purpose of the program; (3) concurrent enrollments of patients in the manual arts, educational and occupational therapy sections of the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service to insure progressive acquisition of theory and skills for application in their work programs. Although this study was done in a chest center, this industrial therapy program can readily be set up in a hospital with various types of disabilities and such a program lends itself to both short and long term patient treatment.
Ophidian cephalic glands.

A survey of the comparative morphology and histology of the twelve glands in the ophidian head was made. The nasal and Harderian glands are the only non-oral glands. The premaxillary, supralabial, posterior, Duvernoy's and venom glands are serially homologous. The infralabial, sublingual and supralingual glands are not related to the other oral glands. The relationships of the temporomandibular and anterior temporal glands to the other oral glands could not be determined. For each gland a synonymy of previously used names, its approximate location within the head and its distribution within the various groups of the Ophidia is given. The general histological picture of most of the glands is illustrated and available information on their embryology and innervation is summarized.
Acoustic evaluation of electronic plastic packages

Describe a technique of C-mode scanning acoustic microscope (CSAM) image acquisition. The role acoustic reflected wave analysis plays in the acquisition of CSAM images is considered. The effect that mold compound thickness and transducer choice have on the resolution of leadframe features in plastic packages is illustrated. Potential applications of acoustic reflected wave analysis are presented. >
Oscillator strengths of many-electron atoms

Abstract Transitions due to the valence electrons of many-electron atoms are considered. Results of various authors on electric dipole oscillator strengths are briefly discussed. Orientational calculations on Cr 3+ and other systems are presented.
Immediate hypersensitivity to cockroach: Isolation and purification of the major antigens

Abstract Crude cockroach extract elicited positive skin tests in 50% of patients with positive and in 4% with negative environmental history for cockroach exposure, suggesting a possible role of cockroach in perennial atopic disease. Three major allergens in crude American and German cockroach extracts have been identified using sequential purification steps on Sephadex G-75, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Cr-I elicits positive skin tests in 70% of patients sensitive to the crude extracts. It has a molecular weight of approximately 25,500 daltons, is highly acidic, and resists boiling for four hours. Boiling in 4 N acetic acid completely abolishes its allergenicity. The purified allergen elicits positive skin tests at a concentration of 3 μg/ml and is capable of inducing >50% histamine release from sensitive leukocytes at 0.05 ng/ml. A second antigen, Cr-II, elicits positive skin tests also in approximately 70% of cockroach-sensitive individuals, has a molecular weight of approximately 63,000 to 65,000 daltons, and has similar heat stability and acid hydrolysis characteristics to Cr-I. A third, less well-characterized antigen, Cr-III, has a molecular weight
Hairy leukemic cells which hyperexpress Ii do not demonstrate Ii genome alterations by restriction endonuclease analysis

The finding of increased expression and apparently altered processing of Ii in hairy leukemic cells led us to test for Ii genomic alteration by Southern-type Ii cDNA hybridization to leukemic spleen DNA cleaved with a series of restriction endonucleases. Some insertions, deletions, or point mutations, potentially detectable by this technique, might correlate to alteration in expression and function of Ii (and indirectly, class II antigens). No changes in genomic structure of Ii were detected in DNA isolated from spleens of five patients with hairy cell leukemia, compared with DNA preparations from peripheral blood cells of nineteen healthy blood donors. These experiments were consistent with the view that gross structural alteration of the Ii genome had not occurred in hairy leukemic cells.
Constitutive creep–fatigue crack growth methodology in two steels using a strip yield model

Abstract A creep–fatigue crack extension model based on a strip-yield methodology is presented and model predictions compared to experimental data over a range of temperatures, stresses and materials. In addition, a constitutive creep damage model for AISI 316L is developed. An empirical model based on the C* parameter and a constitutive model will be used to predict crack extension and compared. Advantages and limitations of the empirical creep model and the constitutive model are highlighted. In view of these limitations and the experimental comparisons, future development actions are recommended.
Cryptorchidism and Infertility in Rats with Targeted Disruption of the Adamts16 Locus

A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motifs16 (ADAMTS-16) is a member of a family of metalloproteinases. Using a novel zinc-finger nuclease based gene-edited rat model harboring a targeted mutation of the Adamts16 locus, we previously reported this gene to be linked to blood pressure regulation. Here we document our observation with this model that Adamts16 is essential for normal development of the testis. Absence of Adamts16 in the homozygous Adamts16mutant males resulted in cryptorchidism and male sterility. Heterozygous Adamts16mutant males were normal, indicating that this is a recessive trait. Testes of homozygous Adamts16mutant males were significantly smaller with significant histological changes associated with the lack of sperm production. Temporal histological assessments of the testis demonstrated that the seminiferous tubules did not support active spermatogenesis, but progressively lost germ cells, accumulated vacuoles and did not have any sperm. These observations, taken together with our previous report of renal abnormalities observed with the same Adamts16mutant rats, suggest an important mechanistic link between Adamts16 and the functioning of the male genitourinary system.
Transplantation of autologously derived mitochondria protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction occur during ischemia and modulate cardiac function and cell survival significantly during reperfusion. We hypothesized that transplantation of autologously der...
Hypertonic saline reduces intracranial hypertension in the presence of high serum and cerebrospinal fluid osmolalities.

Background Osmotherapy has been the cornerstone in the management of patients with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several studies have demonstrated that hypertonic saline (HTS) is a safe and effective osmotherapy agent. This study evaluated the effectiveness of HTS in reducing intracranial hypertension in the presence of a wide range of serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osmolalities.
Evaluating strategies for catalytic upgrading of pyrolysis oil in liquid phase

Abstract Upgrading of pyrolysis oil from biomass offers great potential economic and environmental benefits for the production of sustainable and renewable energy sources. Meanwhile, challenges remain in the development of technical- and cost-effective catalysts and operating processes. One promising approach is liquid phase upgrading, which exhibits numerous benefits. This paper reviews recent progress and future possibilities for obtaining fuels from biomass using this approach. Key upgrading reactions for different oxygenated compounds in pyrolysis oil, including ketonization, aldol condensation, alkylation, hydrodeoxygenation, and oxygenation are discussed. Development of effective catalysts and efficient integration of multiple consecutive reaction steps in one single reactor make liquid phase upgrading competitively advantageous.
Considering inter-task resource constraints in task allocation

This paper focuses on task allocation with single-task robots, multi-robot tasks and instantaneous assignment, which has been shown to be strongly NP-hard. Although this problem has been studied extensively, few efficient approximation algorithms have been provided due to its inherent complexity. In this paper, we first provide discussions and analyses for two natural greedy heuristics for solving this problem. Then, a new greedy heuristic is introduced, which considers inter-task resource constraints to approximate the influence between different assignments in task allocation. Instead of only looking at the utility of the assignment, our approach computes the expected loss of utility (due to the assigned robots and task) as an offset and uses the offset utility for making the greedy choice. A formal analysis is provided for the new heuristic, which reveals that the solution quality is bounded by two different factors. A new algorithm is then provided to approximate the new heuristic for performance improvement. Finally, for more complicated applications, we extend this problem to include general task dependencies and provide a result on the hardness of approximating this new formulation. Comparison results with the two natural heuristics in simulation are provided for both formulations, which show that the new approach achieves improved performance.
What do UI designers think about protecting their designs

User interfaces are intellectual property that can be protected. Do designers know what the rules are? Do they care? A survey of professionals looks at what they think.
A comparison of machine learning techniques for modeling human-robot interaction with children with autism

Several machine learning techniques are used to model the behavior of children with autism interacting with a humanoid robot, comparing a static model to a dynamic model using hand-coded features. Good accuracy (over 80%) is achieved in predicting child vocalizations; directions for future approaches to modeling the behavior of children with autism are suggested.
Numerical Analysis of Effect of Sampling of Alternatives in Discrete Choice Models

A multitude of alternatives characterize the choice set in many activity and travel choice contexts. Analysts generally sample alternatives from the choice set in such situations because estimating models from the full choice set can be very expensive or even prohibitive. Numerical experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of the sample size of alternatives on model performance for both a multinomial logit model (for which consistency with a subset of alternatives is guaranteed) and a mixed multinomial logit model (for which no consistency result holds).
Extending PowerPack for Profiling and Analysis of High-Performance Accelerator-Based Systems

Accelerators offer a substantial increase in efficiency for high-performance systems offering speedups for computational applications that leverage hardware support for highly-parallel codes. However, the power use of some accelerators exceeds 200 watts at idle which means use at exascale comes at a significant increase in power at a time when we face a power ceiling of about 20 megawatts. Despite the growing domination of accelerator-based systems in the Top500 and Green500 lists of fastest and most efficient supercomputers, there are few detailed studies comparing the power and energy use of common accelerators. In this work, we conduct detailed experimental studies of the power usage and distribution of Xeon-Phi-based systems in comparison to the NVIDIA Tesla and an Intel Sandy Bridge multicore host processor. In contrast to previous work, we focus on separating individual component power and correlating power use to code behavior. Our results help explain the causes of power-performance scalability for a set of HPC applications.
Eyewitness Identification Probative Value, Criterion Shifts, and Policy Regarding the Sequential Lineup

Approximately 75% of DNA exonerations are cases involving mistaken identification. Lab-based experiments by psychological scientists have informed the legal system about ways to reduce the misidentification problem. One of these ideas, the sequential lineup (which shows the witness one lineup member at a time), increases the ratio of accurate to mistaken identifications compared with the traditional simultaneous lineup (which shows the witness all lineup members at once). Gronlund, Wixted, and Mickes (2014, this issue) noted that the improvement in this ratio from the sequential procedure is the result of a conservative criterion shift rather than of an increase in discriminability. Although data support that interpretation, the data do not negate the fact that probative value is higher for the sequential lineup. The question for policymakers is whether a more conservative decision criterion is desirable. Considerations include the natural asymmetry between the errors of mistaken identification versus non...
The Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension Study and Ways to Enhance the Next Wave of Behavioral Interventions

The Counseling African Americans to Control Hypertension (CAATCH) study by Ogedegbe et al in this issue of Circulation represents a carefully done study which had many strengths. It recognized that African Americans have the highest prevalence of hypertension (HTN)1 and that poor hypertension-related outcomes explain most of the racial gap in mortality between African Americans and whites.2 It represents the largest practice-based implementation trial to date of a multilevel evidence-based intervention targeted at blood pressure control in hypertensive African Americans in community health centers (CHCs), where many low income Americans receive their care. In addition, although the individual components of CAATCH (patient education, home BP monitoring, CME, physician chart audit and feedback) have proven efficacious and effective for improving BP control,3 the effectiveness of a combined approach in CHCs has not been rigorously evaluated. The study was adequately powered to detect a difference of at least 4 mmHg for systolic BP and 3 mm Hg for diastolic BP at 12 months between intervention and control arms assuming a 15% attrition rate.
Zinc and diarrhea.

Malnutrition is a major factor in the etiology, management and prognosis of persistent diarrhea in young children. Apart from inadequate energy intake, deficiencies of several specific nutrients have been implicated. Zinc is a micronutrient that appears to be of special interest, at least in some communities. Zinc deficiency has been documented in otherwise normal children. The risk of deficiency, however, is enhanced by diarrhea which is associated with variable but sometimes gross increases in zinc losses in the feces. These losses could contribute to a vicious circle, as there is now evidence that mild as well as severe zinc deficiency states can contribute to the duration and severity of diarrheal disease. During rehabilitation, impaired zinc nutriture could be responsible for slow growth, especially if the rehabilitation diet is high in phytate, a recognized inhibitor of zinc absorption. Research should be directed to a better understanding of zinc metabolism and homeostasis during diarrhea disease, to the consequences of zinc deficiency and to the benefits to be derived from zinc supplementation programs.
Simulating near-field effects in high-density optical-disk data storage

Plane-wave expansion methods for classical diffraction theory equations, coupled with the direct numerical solution of Maxwell's equations using local grid refinement and the finite-difference time-domain method, help us reliably simulate an optical system's macroscopic and subwavelength components.
DNA Array Analysis of Changes in Preovulatory Gene Expression in the Rat Ovary

During the periovulatory period, the mammalian ovary is the site of dramatic functional and structural changes, leading to oocyte maturation, follicle rupture, and corpus luteum formation. To a large extent, these processes result from changes in the transcriptome of various ovarian cell types. To develop a broader view of periovulatory changes in gene expression in the ovary and to identify further genes involved in periovulatory events, we used the recently developed DNA array technology. Immature female eCG-primed rats were killed either immediately before or 6 h after ovulation induction with hCG. Total ovarian RNA was isolated and used to prepare radiolabeled cDNA probes, which were hybridized to DNA arrays representing approximately 600 rat genes. Quantitative analysis identified a multitude of regulated gene messages, including several genes involved in extracellular matrix degradation and lipid/steroid metabolism previously reported to be induced by hCG. This screening also identified a group of candidate genes whose ovarian expression and gonadotropin regulation was hitherto unknown. The induction of three of these genes, encoding cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein, the interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain, and prepronociceptin, was confirmed and further characterized by Northern blot analysis. In addition, in situ hybridization analysis showed that hCG administration resulted in exclusive or predominant expression of all three genes in theca cells. These results demonstrate that DNA arrays can be used to identify genes regulated during the periovulatory period, thus contributing to a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ovulation.
Studying scenario planning: Theory, research suggestions, and hypotheses

The scenario planning literature reveals a gap regarding its research and theory development. This article addresses these gaps by beginning the development of a theory of scenario planning and by providing suggestions for research. To do so, this research uses Dubin’s (R. Dubin, Theory Building, revised ed., Free Press/MacMillan, New York, 1978) technique for theory building in applied disciplines and then provides suggestions for verifying each aspect of the proposed theory. While this research is preliminary in nature, its intent is to work toward a theoretical understanding and validation of scenario planning practices through sound research. Thus, the core purpose of this article is to provide an approach to studying scenario planning that is based on research, theory, and practice. D 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of deficiency in SREBP cleavage-activating protein on lipid metabolism during intermittent hypoxia

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep, has been associated with dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and increased cardiovascular mortality. We prev...
Correlation matching in channel estimation for multirate DS/CDMA

Channel estimation is studied for a multicode (MC) or multiple processing gain (MPG) multirate CDMA system based on correlation matching. All users are partitioned into groups in terms of their raw data rates. Since a communication channel may span several symbol intervals especially for a high rate user, severe intersymbol interference (ISI) exists in the received data. However, signature waveforms of various symbols from a user are convolutions of spreading codes with a common channel. This structure is beneficial to channel estimation due to multiple contributions to the output correlation. By properly selecting a weighting matrix in the matching cost function, significant improvement is observed. The optimal weighting matrix and covariance of the channel estimate are further derived in closed forms.
Psychosocial correlates of job strain in a sample of working women.

Background: This study identifies potential mediators of job strain effects on health by determining whether psychosocial factors known to predict an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality are higher among women who report high levels of job strain. Methods: Measures of job strain and other psychosocial risk factors were obtained in a sample of 152 female employees of a local corporation. Canonical correlation and analyses of covariance were used to assess relationships between job demands and decision latitude and other psychosocial risk factors. Results: A significant (P=.002) solution to the canonical correlation analysis showed that high job demands and low decision latitude were correlated with a pattern of psychosocial factors consisting of (1) increased levels of negative emotions like anxiety, anger, depression, and hostility; (2) reduced levels of social support; and (3) a preponderance of negative compared with positive feelings in dealings with coworkers and supervisors. This pattern was confirmed by analyses of covariance that adjusted for demographic and specific job characteristics. Conclusions: The canonical correlation analysis results provide empirical support for the job strain construct. The most important finding is that health-damaging psychosocial factors like job strain, depression, hostility, anxiety, and social isolation tend to cluster in certain individuals.
Electrophysiologic facial nerve monitoring during parotidectomy

Facial nerve monitoring is an adjunctive method available to a surgeon during parotid surgery to assist with the functional preservation of the facial nerve. This review describes the goals, applications, technique, and benefits of electrophysiologic facial nerve monitoring during parotid surgery. A review and analysis of the relevant medical literature related to electrophysiologic facial nerve monitoring during parotid surgery are included.
Transients in the local Universe: systematically bridging the gap between novae and supernovae

The venerable study of cosmic explosions is over a century old. How- ever, until recently, there has existed a glaring six-magnitude luminosity gap between the brightest novae and faintest supernovae. To find optical transients that are fainter, faster and rarer than supernovae, we designed a systematic search: the "Palomar Tran- sient Factory". Theorists predict a variety of mechanisms to produce transients in the gap and observers have the best chance of finding them in the local Universe. Here I present discoveries and unique physics of cosmic explosions that bridge this gap between novae and supernovae.
Career Barriers and Coping Efficacy Among Native American Students

This study examined the relationship between career barriers (low perceived social status [PSS], experiences with personal and systemic classism, and general ethnic discrimination) and college outc...