cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peritoneal drain placement for necrotizing enterocolitis in a premature infant

Abstract Introduction Gastric outlet obstructions (GOO) are extremely rare outside of congenital conditions. We present a case in which a premature newborn developed a gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peritoneal drain placement for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Case description A premature infant born with extremely low birth weight was admitted to the NICU. Failed attempts at an orogastric tube placement caused an esophageal perforation and pneumomediastinum which was conservatively managed. The infant developed pneumoperitoneum secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis, indicating surgical management. A Penrose peritoneal drain was placed for abdominal decompression. A gastric outlet obstruction developed, causing concern for gastric volvulus. A bedside exploratory laparotomy was performed to address the gastric outlet obstruction and intestinal perforation. GOO was caused by a kink in the peritoneal drain, which was removed, an ileostomy was created at the site of ileum perforation, and the stomach was decompressed with a gastrostomy tube. Ileostomy was reversed at 6 weeks without complication. Conclusions Peritoneal drain placement for necrotizing enterocolitis is a well-established treatment alternative to an exploratory laparotomy. Gastric outlet obstruction caused by the drain is a complication that has not been reported. The inability to pass an orogastric tube to decompress the stomach further complicated the case requiring a more invasive approach with a laparotomy.
A Dilute-and-Shoot UHPLC-MS/MS Isotope Dilution Method for Simultaneous Determination and Confirmation of Eleven Mycotoxins in Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles.

BACKGROUND Natural contamination of mycotoxins in dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) as a mainstream animal feed ingredient poses risk to animal health. OBJECTIVE A regulatory method was needed for the agency to simultaneously detect eleven mycotoxins of high regulatory priority in DDGS. METHODS Ten grams of DDGS sample were extracted twice with acetonitrile/water under mildly acidic condition. Two aliquots from the combined crude extract were taken and processed separately: (1) diluted 400-fold with solvent for analysis of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins B1 and B2; (2) pH adjusted to 7.5, then diluted 15.7-fold for analysis of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. Uniformly-labelled 13C-isotopologues of these mycotoxins were added as internal standards to the diluted extracts for quantitative analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Results. The linear quantitation ranges (µg/kg) were: aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2, 1.57 to 105; zearalenone, 16.3 to 1090; T-2 toxin, 3.14 to 208; HT-2 toxin, 48.2 to 3220; ochratoxin A, 0.47 to 31.4; deoxynivalenol, 240 to 16000; fumonisin B1 and B2, 320 to 21200. Accuracies for these analytes at each of three fortification levels range from 70.7% to 100%, with corresponding relative standard deviations between 1.4% to 10.5%. True recoveries were all higher than 83%. CONCLUSIONS This method was successfully validated to meet the agency's performance guidelines for regulatory methods. HIGHLIGHTS This method is easy, quick and robust to simultaneously quantify and confirm presence of eleven regulated mycotoxins in DDGS.
Investigating the value of spatiotemporal resolutions and feedback loops in water-energy nexus modeling

Abstract Modeling the interactions between water and energy is crucial to managing holistically these resources. Here, we simulate water allocations and energy dispatch in the metropolitan region of Phoenix, Arizona in 2008–2017 using the WEAP and LEAP models under different spatiotemporal resolutions and coupling configurations. We find that increasing the temporal resolution from annual to monthly allows capturing seasonal demands, which improves the simulation of water allocations from supply sources to all demand nodes; the simulation of energy fluxes is instead less sensitive to the model time step. Representing the domain with higher spatial granularity enhances the ability to model the correct water portfolio of the power plants. Finally, coupling the models to capture two-way feedbacks between water and energy systems improves the simulations of electricity generation and, in turn, of water fluxes. While related to Phoenix, our findings provide useful insights to improve water-energy nexus modeling at other sites.
Mumps in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents: 2007-2019

BACKGROUND Despite a >99% reduction in US mumps cases after the introduction of mumps vaccine in 1967, outbreaks have occurred in schools and other settings involving vaccinated children and adolescents since 2006. METHODS We analyzed mumps cases reported by US health departments to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We present the incidence and vaccination status of pediatric cases (age <18 years) during 2007-2019 and describe demographic, clinical, and vaccination characteristics of pediatric cases reported during the most recent resurgence in 2015-2019. RESULTS During 2007-2019, 9172 pediatric cases were reported, accounting for a median of 32% of all cases reported each year (range: 13%-59%). A median of 87% (range: 81%-94%) of pediatric patients each year had previously received ≥1 measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine dose. During 2015-2019, of 5461 pediatric cases reported, only 2% of those with known import status (74%) were associated with international travel. One percent of patients had complications and 2% were hospitalized. Among patients aged ≥1 year with known vaccination status (72%), 74% of 1- to 4-year-olds had received ≥1 MMR dose and 86% of 5- to 17-year-olds had received ≥2 MMR doses. Since 2016, pediatric mumps cases have been reported in most US states each year (range: 38-45 states). CONCLUSIONS Since 2007, one-third of US reported mumps cases occurred in children and adolescents, the majority of whom were vaccinated. Clinicians should suspect mumps in patients with parotitis or mumps complications, regardless of age, travel history, and vaccination status.
Predicting the equity preferences of park and recreation department employees and residents of Austin, Texas.

Perceptions of equitable resource allocations by park and recreation departments are dependent upon reconciliation of the disparate opinions, regarding what constitutes fairness, of both internal a...
Cell competition in vertebrate organ size regulation

The study of animal organ size determination has provided evidence of the existence of organ-intrinsic mechanisms that 'sense' and adjust organ growth. Cell competition, a form of cell interaction that equalizes cell population growth, has been proposed to play a role in organ size regulation. Cell competition involves a cell-context dependent response triggered by perceived differences in cell growth and/or proliferation rates, resulting in apoptosis in growth-disadvantaged cells and compensatory expansion of the more 'fit' cells. The mechanisms that allow cells to compare growth are not yet understood, but a number of genes and pathways have been implicated in cell competition. These include Myc, the members of the Hippo, JAK/STAT and WNT signaling pathways, and the Dlg/Lgl/Scrib and the Crb/Std/PatJ membrane protein complexes. Cell competition was initially characterized in the Drosophila imaginal disc, but several recent studies have shown that cell competition occurs in mouse embryonic stem cells and in the embryonic epiblast, where it plays a role in the regulation of early embryo size. In addition, competition-like behavior has been described in the adult mouse liver and the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. These data indicate that cell competition plays a more universal role in organ size regulation. In addition, as some authors have suggested that similar types of competitive behavior may operate in during tumorigenesis, there may be additional practical reasons for understanding this fundamental process of intercellular communication.
Why is Ethics First Philosophy? Levinas in Phenomenological Context

This paper explores, from a phenomenological perspective, the conditions necessary for the possession of intentional content, i.e., for being intentionally directed toward the world. It argues that Levinas's concept of ethics as first philosophy makes an important contribution to this task. Intentional directedness, as understood here, is normatively structured. Levinas's ‘ethics’ can be understood as a phenomenological account of how our experience of the other subject as another subject takes place in the recognition of the normative force of a command. This supplies a condition that—as the paper shows by examining Husserl and Sartre on how our experience of the Other constitutes an ‘objective’ world—earlier phenomenologists have misunderstood, because they have treated ethical experience as ‘founded’ on a prior theory of representation (‘ontology’ in Levinas's language). Ethics is first philosophy because it is only by acknowledging the command in the ‘face’ of the Other that we can account for the sensitivity to the normative distinctions that structure intentional content. Throughout, the paper shows how Levinas's analyses, in Totality and Infinity, draw upon and develop the analyses of Husserl and Sartre.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibition exacerbates liver injury in an obese rat model of NAFLD (1115.3)

We tested the hypothesis that chronic disruption of constitutive nitric oxide (NO) production via the non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) would inten...
SEM-Ether: semantic web based pervasive computing framework - integrating web, devices and people

Pervasive computing aims to build an aggregated environment around a user by knitting diverse computing and communicating devices and software services into a single homogeneous unit. Our work is to develop a Pervasive computing framework which harnesses the power of Semantic Web and Web Services, facilitating the development of effective and intelligent Pervasive environments. This paper presents a high level view of the framework and how different Pervasive services can be built on this framework.
Etiology/Assessment/Redress: Criminal Bodies and State Impunity

This article develops a theoretical model for analyzing punishment across cultures, with emphasis on its utility for parsing state-inflicted punishment. I suggest that a tripartite relationship can be observed in justice systems across cultures, and identify an inherent consistency among what a particular culture considers a social breach (etiology), the process of determining the social significance of a breach (assessment), and the array of actions deemed appropriate in response (redress). Drawing on a familiar example from mainstream news—the Abu Ghraib prisoner abuse scandal—I demonstrate how the model works, and argue that this example is especially useful for understanding punishment in the context of the state because it highlights how the state deflects criticism (and indeed punishment) by conjuring hegemonic discourse about punishment, the autonomous moral individual, and personal accountability. Americans responding to news about Abu Ghraib generally agree that terrible things happened at this U.S. military facility in Iraq. However, the language used in the media and in the courtroom to describe what crimes were committed (and therefore what punishments should be dispensed) was inherently inadequate to identify breaches—or to coalesce around redressive actions—that transcend individual bodies. [crime and punishment, culpability, individualism, the state, Abu Ghraib]
How active are American adolescents and have they become less active

The aim of this study was to systematically examine patterns and time trends in US adolescents' physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours. We examined findings from the nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Surveys during 1991-2007, and fit regression models estimating average annual changes and tested time trends, and age, gender and ethnic differences. US adolescents had less PA but more sedentary behaviours than recommended, but showed no clear evidence of becoming less active. In 2007, 24.9% reported on average spending ≥3 h of screen time per day for non-school work; only 34.7% met the current PA recommendations, and it (25.6%) was even lower in girls. The prevalence of having sufficient vigorous PA changed little between 1993 and 2005 (from 65.8% to 64.1%). Encouraging changes regarding TV viewing time and physical education (PE) were detected. PE daily attendance rate and exercising >20 min during an average PE class increased significantly, while watching TV ≥3 h d⁻¹ decreased significantly in recent years. Considerable sex, age and ethnic differences existed in the patterns and trends. These national data show no clear evidence of declining PA among US adolescents in recent years. Reduced PA is not likely the major explanation of the recent increase in obesity among US adolescents.
Dirty, skewed, and backwards: the smectic A-C phase transition in aerogel.

We study the smectic $A\ensuremath{-}C$ transition in anisotropic and uniaxial disordered environments, e.g., uniaxially stretched aerogel. We find very strange behavior of translational correlations: the low-temperature, lower-symmetry smectic $C$ phase is less translationally ordered than the high-temperature, higher-symmetry smectic $A$ phase, with short ranged and algebraic translational correlations, respectively. Specifically, the $A$ and $C$ phases belong to the quasi-long-ranged translationally ordered ``$XY$ Bragg glass'' and short ranged translationally ordered ``$m=1$ Bragg glass'' phase, respectively. The $A\ensuremath{-}C$ phase transition itself belongs to a new universality class, whose fixed points and exponents we find in a $d=5\ensuremath{-}ϵ$ expansion.
Verbal Conditioning in Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects of Reinforcement Class and Social Responsiveness

A study was performed to investigate the conditionability of chronic schizophrenics and their differential responsiveness to verbal reward and punishment in a Taffel-type task. The effect of social responsiveness, as measured by a rating-scale device, was also assessed. Results indicated that those Ss remaining responsive to the social environment condition well under verbal reward. Variables inherent in the situation or E were related in a complex way to the results, yielding a peculiar pattern in which pronouns, jointly reinforced, in several instances conditioned separately.
A Single Institution Experience in Compliance with Universal Screening for Lynch Syndrome in Colorectal Cancer

Detection of Lynch syndrome has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among patients and their family members due to beneficial screening and treatment options. Several institutions have begun to adopt universal rather than risk-stratified screening protocols, but the lack of 100 % compliance rates requires identification of system-level interventions to improve screening practices. We aimed to identify patient, tumor, and system factors associated with lack of screening and identify system-based interventions to improve Lynch syndrome screening. This study is a retrospective analysis of Lynch syndrome screening among colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery in a single healthcare system. Two hundred and sixty-two patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer were studied. Rate of Lynch syndrome screening. We identified that 75 % of the total cohort was screened for Lynch syndrome. Of patients under the age of 50, 78 % percent were screened. Lower screening rates were found among patients with complete pathologic tumor response and lower pathologic stage of tumor. Higher screening rates were found at the academic hospital and with colorectal surgeons. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, lower screening rates were associated with community hospital location (OR, 0.22; 95 % CI, 0.08–0.56). Results may not be generalizable to different hospital settings. Several potential system-level interventions were identified to improve screening rates including an emphasis on improved provider communication.
Reconstruction of a debris-slide-initiated flood in the southern Kenai Mountains, Alaska

Abstract A flood initiated by a slide of 84 million m 3 of rock and debris swept the forefeild of Grewingk Glacier during the Fall of 1967. We used high-water marks, bedforms, and scours to estimate flow competence and to reconstruct the flood. An estimate of flow competence was obtained by graphing the intermediate clast axis of 34 boulders showing no evidence of transport by the flood against the length of sediment shadows and the depth of flood scour upstream from the boulders. Projection of the best fit lines of these relationships onto the grain-size axis identified the largest clast that had no sediment shadow or associated scour, and thus, is itself assumed to have been transported. The representative clast was 35 cm in diameter. This, in turn, was utilized in a selective entrainment equation derived from a data set of grain sizes encompassing the critical clast size. A shear stress of 1100 dyn cm −2 and a flow velocity of 2.4 m s −1 , 3 km downvalley from the slide were estimated from this equation.
Safety and efficacy of spica casts for immobilization following initial bladder closure in classic bladder exstrophy.

Abstract Objectives Pelvic immobilization constitutes a necessary component of successful bladder exstrophy closure. The efficacy of spica cast immobilization has been reported as markedly inferior to external fixation, with success rates below 25%. We reviewed our experience with spica cast immobilization following bladder closure. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed classic bladder exstrophy patients undergoing bladder closure with spica cast immobilization. Success of bladder closure and complications related to immobilization were noted, as were age, type of closure, use of osteotomy, duration of immobilization, and number of cast changes. Results Fifteen patients underwent bladder closure (10 staged, 5 complete repair) at a median age of 4 days (range 1–6) and 14 were immobilized with spica casts. Initial closures were successful in 11 (73%). Success rates were higher in patients undergoing osteotomies (6/7, 86%) compared to those without osteotomies (5/8, 63%). No patients immobilized with spica casts developed serious complications related to their immobilization. Minor skin breakdown occurred in 3/14 patients (21%). Median time of immobilization was 39 days (range 22–48). Conclusions Spica casts are a safe, effective method of postoperative immobilization and are associated with a low risk of cast-related complications.
Clinical Experience with Bendamustine: A New Treatment for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world, primarily affecting patients aged > 60 years. Because of the lack of curative therapies and the increasing prevalence of comorbid conditions in this older population, it is imperative that effective and tolerable agents be developed for patients with CLL. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, bendamustine is an alkylator that appears to be structurally and mechanistically distinct from agents historically used in CLL treatment. Bendamustine induces extensive and durable double-stranded DNA breaks that result in initiation of the p53-dependent stress response and apoptosis. In addition, although most DNA alkylators target an alkyltransferase DNA-repair mechanism, bendamustine activates a base-excision DNA-repair pathway; this might partially explain bendamustine's activity in relapsed/refractory disease. Preclinical studies indicate that bendamustine and rituximab synergistically inhibit tumor growth and induce apoptosis in non-Hodgkin lymphoma and CLL disease models. Despite bendamustine's availability in Europe for 4 decades, the available clinical data shed little light on its role in the treatment of CLL. Adverse effects include myelosuppression and gastrointestinal complaints. In a recent phase III trial of previously untreated patients with CLL, bendamustine produced superior response rates and progression-free survival compared with chlorambucil, leading to its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration.
On gas detection and concentration estimation via mid-IR-based gas detection system analysis model

In recent decades, Laser-based spectroscopy (LAS) has been used in a wide range of research and application fields due to developments in laser technology and infrared spectroscopy. A particular application of interest is mid-IR laser-based gas detection systems for health and environment assessment. In this paper, we use our statistical analysis model for a generic mid-IR pulsed-laser gas detection system to predict trace gas detection and concentration estimation performance, and their sensitivity to system parameters. Based on PNNL data and the Beer-Lambert law, we use the three main spectral peaks of a trace gas, as the basis for gas detection, and use the relationship between gas transmittance β, molar absorptivity e, concentration, and the sample-mean measurement, x N , from the photodetector, as the basis for concentration estimation using a standard confidence interval method.
Legacies of the war on poverty

The unconditional War on Poverty announced by President Lyndon Johnson during his first State of the Union address unleashed a spate of legislation that has resonated over the succeeding decades. F...
Leaders' Motivation and Perception of Followers' Motivation as Predictors of Influence Tactics Used

This description and test of motivation as a dispositional and situational variable for predicting leaders' influence tactics was based on 83 leader-member dyads sampled from a national restaurant chain. Results support a dispositional perspective, as leaders' sources of motivation best predicted their behaviors. Hypothesized relationships between motivation and leaders' influence tactics were also well supported.
Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile

Verruca senilis und Keratoma senile sind, wieFreudenthal betont hat, zwei vollig verschiedene und deshalb zu trennende Krankheitsformen.
Cardiovascular interactions of amphetamine and ephedrine with norepinephrine and with vasopressin.

Abstract Amphetamine and ephedrine significantly augmented the pressor responses to norepinephrine and vasopressin in vagotomized dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. The two agents were also found to inhibit the pressor response to occlusion of the common carotid arteries. In animals pretreated with the ganglionic blocking agent, chlorisondamine, the two drugs failed to potentiate the pressor response to norepinephrine in most animals, thus suggesting that the potentiation of norepinephrine was largely due to the ability of amphetamine and ephedrine to inhibit compensatory cardiovascular reflexes. In contrast, vasopressin was potentiated by amphetamine and ephedrine despite chlorisondamine pretreatment, indicating the involvement of mechanisms other than inhibition of compensatory reflexes. The amphetamine-induced potentiation of vasopressin was reduced or abolished by phenoxybenzamine or reserpine pretreatment. The pressor response to vasopressin could also be enhanced by the intravenous infusion of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Cardiac output studies showed that the enhanced pressor response to vasopressin after the administration of amphetamine was largely due to greater vasoconstriction produced by the polypeptide rather than to cardiac output changes. Thus, the potentiation of the pressor response to vasopressin by amphetamine and ephedrine appeared to be due at least in part to their ability to release catecholamines which synergistically interact with vasopressin at a peripheral vascular level. Potentiation Sympathomimetic amines Vasopressin Cardiac output Total peripheral resistance Blood pressure
The success of pulp therapy in vital primary molars may differ depending on type of treatment.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Long-term outcomes of primary molar ferric sulfate pulpotomy and root canal therapy. Casas MJ, Kenny DJ, Johnston DH, Judd PL. Pediatr Dent 2004;26:44-8. Reviewer Enrique Bimstein C. D. (Mexico) Purpose/Question To evaluate long-term (greater than 3 years) outcomes for vital primary molars treated either with ferric sulfate pulpotomies or with zinc oxide–eugenol root canal treatments. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Randomized controlled trial Level of Evidence Level 2: Limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
Hypoxia leads to necrotic hepatocyte death.

Hepatocyte transplantation is being investigated as a therapy for liver disease; however, its success has been limited by rapid death of the cells following transplantation. This study was dedicated to elucidating the mode of death responsible for loss of transplanted hepatocytes in order to guide future strategies for promoting their survival. Using a tissue engineering model, it was found that the environment within polymer scaffolds containing transplanted cells was hypoxic after 5 days in vivo, with (90 ± 3)% of hepatocytes existing at pO2 < 10 mmHg. The primary mode of hepatocyte death in response to hypoxic conditions of 0 or 2 vol % oxygen was then determined in vitro. Several assays for features of apoptosis and necrosis demonstrated that hepatocytes cultured in an anoxic environment died via necrosis, while culture at 2% oxygen inhibited proliferation. These results suggest it will not be possible to prevent hepatocyte death by interfering with the apoptotic process, and hypoxic conditions in the transplants must instead be addressed. The finding that the environment within cell transplantation scaffolds is hypoxic is likely applicable to many cell-based therapies, and a similar analysis of the primary mode of death for other cell types in response to hypoxia may be valuable in guiding future strategies for their transplantation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Balancing Robustness against the Dangers of Multiple Attractors in a Hopfield-Type Model of Biological Attractors

Background Many chronic human diseases are of unclear origin, and persist long beyond any known insult or instigating factor. These diseases may represent a structurally normal biologic network that has become trapped within the basin of an abnormal attractor.
Total Chemical Synthesis of the Integral Membrane Protein Influenza A Virus M2: Role of Its C-Terminal Domain in Tetramer Assembly†

The M2 protein from influenza A virus is a 97-residue homotetrameric membrane protein that functions as a proton channel. To determine the features required for the assembly of this protein into its native tetrameric state, the protein was prepared by total synthesis using native chemical ligation of unprotected peptide segments. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of synthetic M2 protein in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles indicated that approximately 40 residues were in an α-helical secondary structure. The tetramerization of the full-length protein was compared to that of a 25-residue transmembrane (TM) fragment. Analytical ultracentrifugation demonstrated that both the peptide and the full-length protein in DPC micelles existed in a monomer−tetramer equilibrium. Comparison of the association constants for the two sequences showed the free energy of tetramerization of the full-length protein was more favorable by approximately 7 kcal/mol. Partial proteolysis of DPC-solubilized M2 was used as a further ...
Calcitonin inhibits anterior pituitary cell proliferation in the adult female rats.

Previous studies have shown that CT-like immunoreactive peptide(s) (pit-CT) is synthesized by the anterior pituitary (AP) gland, and exogenously added salmon(s) CT inhibits PRL release and PRL gene transcription in cultured AP cells. Anti-sCT serum, which immunoreacts with pit-CT, stimulates PRL secretion, suggesting pit-CT is a physiologically relevant PRL-inhibiting hormone. Using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining and 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into newly replicated DNA, the effect of calcitonin (CT) on cellular proliferation in the rat anterior pituitary gland (AP) was examined. CT significantly attenuated PCNA-immunopositive as well as BrdU-positive AP cell populations in dispersed rat AP cells. A second series of experiments tested the effects of CT on AP cell proliferation in vivo. OVX + E2 rats were injected with 200 μg CT (iv), the rats killed at various time points, and the APs were processed for BrdU staining. CT inhibited BrdU incorporation at all time points u...
The effects of prior exposure to bleomycin on the incidence of pulmonary toxicities in a group of patients with disseminated testicular carcinomas

The incidence of pulmonary toxicities in 12 patients with prior exposure to bleomycin (BLM) was compared to the incidence of pulmonary toxicities in a matched group of 73 patients with stage III or IV testicular carcinomas treated with a regimen containing vinblastine, bleomycin, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. The comparison demonstrates that prior exposure to bleomycin constitutes a significant risk factor and that the risk is additive; ie, prior doses should be added to current doses to determine the cumulative dose-related probability of development of pulmonary toxicities.
A 13C NMR study of some derivatives obtained from iron carbonyls and diphenylacetylene

Abstract The molecule Fe2(CO)7(PhC2Ph)2 has been studied by 13C NMR and is static at −40°C with a spectrum which is consistent with the known structure observed in the crystals. In the range −40 to +41°C the three carbonyl resonance coalesce possibly by a single carbonyl averaging process. At room temperature violet Fe3(CO)8(PhC2Ph)2 is found to be static by 13C NMR having a spectrum consistent with the known solid state structure. Dark green Fe3(CO)8(PhC2Ph)2 is static via 13C NMR at −62°C with a spectrum consistent with the known solid state structure. Between −62 and +96°C a fluxional process occurs which scrambles the bridge carbonyls and four of the six terminal carbonyl groups. In this process the bridging carbonyls appear to be preferentially moving toward the iron atoms with which they have the shortest iron-carbon bond as observed in the solid state structure.
I am a camera: The mediated self

This paper argues that an individual's self image is in large part media dependent. The case is made for this position by first establishing George Herbert Mead's theory of self and the role of interpersonal communication in the formulation of self image. The concept of mediated interpersonal communication is then explained and linked to Mead's position that the self can be known only through communication, thereby expanding the crucial function of communication to include media's role in the formulation of a self image. Specifically, the role of the photographic media in the formulation of a self image is analyzed and a new research paradigm for studies of the self is suggested.
The Java Community Process standardization, interoperability, transparency

This paper discusses the concept of Open Standards and proposes criteria for judging the extent to which standards developed by a particular Standards Setting Organization may be considered Open. The Java Community Process - the mechanism set up by Sun Microsystems to develop Java standards, and now continued by Oracle - is described and discussed in the context of these criteria.
X-ray crystal structure of the dimethylgallium azide polymer and its use as a gallium nitride precursor

Abstract An X-ray diffraction study reveals that dimethylgallium azide (1) exists as a polymer in the solid state. The basic repeating unit, Me2GaN3, forms a spiral along the a-axis of an orthohombic unit cell. Compound 1 serves as a gallium nitride precursor.
Modeling riding quality with spectral analysis methods

Highway engineers have been interested in developing objective criteria for designing and maintaining highways based on roadway riding quality for many years. This paper describes a model which provides a measure of riding quality based on power spectral estimates from roadway profile. A combination of spectral analysis and multiple regression analysis techniques is used for obtaining this model. The paper also presents a brief discussion of previous modeling methods for obtaining highway riding quality and provides comments on the possible extension of highway riding quality modeling methods to the problems of developing high speed mass transit systems.
Herbert Hoover: A Geologist in Training

Herbert Hoover, thirty-first President of the United States, was a highly successful geologist and mining engineer before entering the world of politics. He came to Stanford University in 1891, a member of its first class and one of the first graduates with a degree in geology. Recently, Branner Earth Sciences Library & Map Collections came to hold the only known manuscript copy of a map made by him during this time. This article relates the story of the acquisition of the map, Hoover's time as a geology student, and the beginnings of the Stanford Geological Survey.
Eliminating intra-warp conflict misses in GPU

Cache indexing functions play a key role in reducing conflict misses by spreading accesses evenly among all sets of cache blocks. Although various methods have been proposed, no significant effort has been expended on the behavior of conflict misses in GPU where threads are organized into warps and execute in lock-step. When intra-warp accesses could not be coalesced into one or two cache blocks, which is often referred to as memory divergence, a warp incurs up to SIMD-width (e.g., 32) independent cache accesses. Such a burst of divergent accesses not only increases contention on cache capacity, but also incurs intra-warp associativity conflicts when they are pathologically concentrated in a few cache sets. Due to the lock-step execution, the GPU Load/Store units would be stalled when intra-warp concentration exceeds available cache associativity. Through an in-depth analysis of GPU access patterns, we find that column-majored strided accesses are likely to incur high intra-warp concentration. Based on the analysis, we propose a Full Permutation (FUP) based indexing method that adapts to both large and medium strides in this pattern. Across the 10 highly cache-sensitive GPU applications we have evaluated, FUP eliminates intra-warp associativity conflicts and outperforms two state-of-the-art indexing methods by 22% and 15%, respectively.
Friction compensation and evaluation for a force control application

Abstract The presence of non-linear friction poses a significant problem for controller design in many motion control applications. Since most currently available compensation schemes for non-linear friction require a well-established friction model, the controller design problem becomes more difficult in applications where the frictional forces cannot be modeled accurately. In this paper, friction compensation is considered for an actuator used in a force control application involving very low motion amplitudes. The non-linear frictional effects are particularly significant and are, furthermore, difficult to model accurately. An existing control scheme, originally proposed for sensitivity reduction in systems with plant model uncertainty, is used here for friction compensation. Experimental and simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the friction compensation that is achieved using this method, as compared to other methods of friction compensation. Furthermore, the effectiveness of such compensation is quantitatively analysed using two methods: an analysis based on the describing function approach, and a performance robustness analysis based on structured singular values.
Selective Phagocytosis: A New Concept in Protein Catabolism

The clearance of different metabolic products derived from two plasma proteins, prothrombin and fibrinogen, was studied with the aid of the isolated, perfused rat liver. Active thrombin and fibrin were rapidly cleared by the Kupffer cells. Inactive thrombin and a partially degraded fibrin molecule were also cleared but at much slower rates. This difference in clearance rates suggests the presence of a high degree of selectivity in the clearance of altered plasma proteins.
Internet Knowledge and Use Skills among Clinical Medical Students in Delta State University, Abraka

The study investigated the Internet Knowledge and use skills among clinical medical student in Delta State University using questionnaire to collect data. The descriptive survey design was employed for the study. A total of 120 students selected through stratified random sampling participated in the study. The findings revealed that a majority of the students access the Internet but a larger number of them do this in the cyber cafes more than in the library. They use the Internet more for assignment and research and only a few use it to perfect their Internet use skills. The students retrieve information more from the Internet from www.google.com and acquire their Internet Knowledge and use skills from their use of the Internet and assistance from friends.
Peripheral males: A primate model for a human subgroup

Males are observed in several nonhuman primate species to exhibit a subadult stage not shared by females. While females are gradually integrated into the group upon reaching reproductive age, some older adolescent males remain apart (i.e., peripheral), associating largely with same-sex peers. Evidence regarding an analogous stage in the development of human males 18 to 20 years old was sought by an analysis of the relative frequencies of various age-sex groupings in public. Over 10,000 groups were observed in shopping malls, and the estimated age and sex of each member were recorded. A significantly greater than expected frequency of exclusively subadult male groups (three to four members) was found relative to female or mixed-sex groups of the same age.
Post dryout heat transfer prediction method

Abstract A method for post dryout mist flow forced convection heat transfer is presented and recommended. Comparison is made with other methods and with data for round tubes and rod bundles.
Proximal tibial osteotomy and Taylor Spatial Frame application for correction of tibia vara in morbidly obese adolescents.

Background Four percent of children and adolescents in the United States are morbidly obese. Treatment for tibia vara includes proximal tibial osteotomy and correction with a Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF). There are no reports that specifically examine the success of this technique in morbidly obese adolescents. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients between 12 and 18 years of age with a body mass index for age at or above the 99th percentile who had undergone gradual correction of tibia vara with proximal tibial osteotomy and application of a TSF at our institution between 2005 and 2009. Deformity analysis was performed on full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs of both lower extremities and lateral radiographs of the involved tibia obtained preoperatively and at latest follow-up. All complications were recorded. Results Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 13 years. The average body mass index was 45 kg/m. Preoperative deformity analysis demonstrated a mean mechanical axis deviation of 90 mm, mean mechanical medial proximal tibial angle of 66 degrees, and mean posterior proximal tibial angle of 80 degrees. Analysis at an average follow-up of 14 months demonstrated a mean mechanical axis deviation of 10 mm, mean mechanical medial proximal tibial angle of 88 degrees, and mean posterior proximal tibial angle of 81 degrees. Complications specifically related to the TSF occurred in 2 patients. Both experienced strut disengagement and loss of osteotomy position. This was treated with refastening of the strut and a new program of deformity correction. Complications related to the deformity correction occurred in 3 patients. One had premature fibular consolidation requiring repeat osteotomy, 1 developed a transient partial deep peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 experienced thigh soft tissue irritation from the proximal ring necessitating early TSF removal. One patient had a residual leg-length discrepancy that required tibial lengthening. Conclusions Correction of tibia vara with proximal tibial osteotomy and application of a TSF is an effective treatment option in morbidly obese adolescents. Associated complications are minimal. Level of evidence Level IV-therapeutic study.
On Testing a Multivariate Linear Hypothesis When the Covariance Matrix and its Inverse Have the Same Pattern

Abstract Let X1, …, X N be independent random vectors with X i having the p variate normal distribution with mean β'h i (β unknown, h i known) and covariance matrix ∑. The problem of testing the general linear hypothesis about β is considered under the condition that ∑ = ∑ g=1 m φ g G g and ∑-1 = ∑ g=1 m ψ g G g (φg , ψ g , g = 1(1)m unknown). Asymptotic null and nonnull distributions of the likelihood ratio, Hotelling's trace and Pillai's trace-test statistics are obtained. The Bahadur slopes of the test statistics are discussed.
Leber's disease and dystonia: A mitochondrial disease

We studied a kindred in which 8 members had the neuroretinopathy of Leber's disease; 14 had a progressive, generalized dystonia attributed to striatal degeneration; and 1 had both disorders. The mode of inheritance was compatible with maternal transmission. This neurologic disorder may be a mitochondrial disease.
The development of an interorganizational network in state government: Improved performance through action research

In unstable, changing environments we have seen that organizations become more interdependent and seek to form interorganizational relationships. This is especially true in public sector agencies where financial and human resources are becoming more scarce and unpredictable. In an attempt to develop an interorganizational system in Florida state government, the authors used an action research approach to design and implement a network of individuals from six agencies seeking to improve individual and organizational performance. The program of research and development involved 30 participants and occurred in three distinct phases: 1) the identification phase; 2) the action learning phase; and 3) the evaluation and planning phase. Findings from the project have shown improved effectiveness and personal growth for program participants. Network interaction analysis and other data sources show a viable interorganizational network emerging with the potential for improving performance in the agencies and the sta...
An integrated method for reconstructing regional palaeoclimates: Australia (18,000 yr B.P.)

Abstract Archaeological research on human behavioural adaptations to changes in climate/environment requires palaeoclimatic reconstruction on a regional scale. Most often, neither proxy data nor numerical modelling alone can adequately meet this requirement. In an effort to satisfy this need, the author suggests a method based seasonal circulation patterns and calculations of changes in evaporation rates over land and ocean. In this paper, circulation models for Australia at 18,000 yr B.P. are based on output from NCAR's Community Climate Model and evaporation rate changes are calculated for twelve regions within Australia, as well as eight offshore. Winter and summer palaeoclimates for each of these areas are retrodicted on the basis of these changes, and these retrodictions are tested against the available proxy data. While there are clear discrepancies between the data and retrodictions for the southern part of the continent, the method performs well in the north. This method has proven useful in reconciling apparently contradictory data, and in allowing retrodictions on the seasonal level and for providing palaeoclimatic estimates areas where data are scarce.
Atmospheric CO2, climate change, and tree growth : a process model. I, Model structure

Abstract Primary production of forest systems will be significantly changed as atmospheric CO 2 concentrations increase and climatic changes occur. This paper presents the structure of a process model to be used for predicting changes in tree seedling biomass accumulation associated with increases in CO 2 level and shifts in the abiotic environment. The model is a compartment representation of carbon flow that utilizes the processes of gross photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, growth and maintenance respiration, photosynthate allocation, and photosynthate conversion to biomass. The model is driven by abiotic submodels that provide high-resolution inputs obtained from standard meteorological stations. Independent data sets are used to evaluate the net photosynthesis portion of the model with respect to abiotic inputs; simulated and observed biomass accumulation are compared.
Using Names and Topics for New Event Detection

New Event Detection (NED) involves monitoring chronologically-ordered news streams to automatically detect the stories that report on new events. We compare two stories by finding three cosine similarities based on names, topics and the full text. These additional comparisons suggest treating the NED problem as a binary classification problem with the comparison scores serving as features. The classifier models we learned show statistically significant improvement over the baseline vector space model system on all the collections we tested, including the latest TDT5 collection.The presence of automatic speech recognizer (ASR) output of broadcast news in news streams can reduce performance and render our named entity recognition based approaches ineffective. We provide a solution to this problem achieving statistically significant improvements.
Cognitive and perceptual responses during passive heat stress in younger and older adults

We tested the hypothesis that attention, memory, and executive function are impaired to a greater extent in passively heat-stressed older adults than in passively heat-stressed younger adults. In a...
On the interpretation of cointegration in the linear–quadratic inventory model

Abstract The traditional formulation of the linear–quadratic inventory model with unit roots predicts cointegration between inventories and sales. That formulation implies that marginal production costs and the marginal benefits of inventories are both tending to ∞, and the cointegrating coefficient reflects the optimal trade-off between these competing factors. This paper suggests a reformulation of the problem in which marginal production costs and marginal inventory benefits are both stationary and in which the cointegrating coefficient is the same as the value that characterizes the target inventory level in the cost function.