AN ECONOMIC STUDY OF PRODUCTION, IMPORT AND PROTECTION POLICIES FOR POULTRY IN EGYPT

the Government has been concerned with the development of the livestock sector in general and the poultry sector in particular for their effective contribution to the overall development of rural areas, poverty redaction and food security, The poultry industry has faced a obstacles following the spread of bird flu since 2006, Millions of birds and poultry have been killed in an effort to counter the spread of the disease among birds and humans, which has led to the destruction of poultry wealth and the negative impact on national income and workers in this field, about 2.5 million workers working directly in the poultry sector and about 1.5 million working indirectly in This sector, And increase the prices of alternative products, and the government compensated the owners of farms in the case of disposal of poultry, which negatively affected the state budget, which led to a decline in poultry production to turn Egypt from a producer and exporter of poultry to an importing country. Also, in 2016, the Minister of Finance issued a decision rise tariff 30% on imported poultry, , decision maker therefore prohibited to import poultry products and meat from any country where there are injuries to prevent the arrival of any infected birds to Egypt, and then ban the import of poultry and birds of all kinds from the United States of America, This is based on non-compliance with Halal requirements, which placed the government and institutions concerned with the State responsible for providing appropriate protection policies to protect consumers. The study aims to identify the current status of poultry production and consumption in Egypt, As well as to identify the foreign trade of poultry, and to identify the most importanthealth requirements to be in imported food commodities in general and poultry in particular and to clarify the impact of the most important international agreements on health requirements and their role in the protection of consumers And the geographical distribution of Egyptian imports of poultry parts of the most important countries, identify the most important problems and obstacles facing the poultry industry to meet with good planning and then propose solutions to help promote the poultry industry.The research depended on descriptive and quantitative economic analysis, using secondary data from different sources. The preliminary data were also used by the questionnaire and the RRA for a group of producers (40 individuals) and consumers (40 individuals) and those interested in the field of poultry industry in Egypt "Specialized professors in the faculties of agriculture and veterinary medicine, laboratories and research institutes, officials of the Ministry of Agriculture (20) (RRA) Rapid Rural Appraisal in Fayoum Qaliobeya, and Giza governorates. 2016/2017, To brief theyear 2016/2017. The research in the calculations of production costs, revenues and economic efficiency was based on preliminary data through a questionnaire designed to fulfill this purpose through a random sample of poultry projects in semi-commercial and domestic systems in Sohag Governorate, Tahta distance, Shatoura, Bnja and Anibis villages . Sohag governorate's production centers, which account for about 19% of the total production of the province in 2016. The secondary data published by the Central Bank for Development and Agricultural Credit, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics. The results of the Research showed that the increase in the local production of poultry meat, which reached about 363 thousand tons in 1986, increased to 411 thousand tons in 1998 and then to 879 thousand tons in 2007 and then to about 1287 thousand Ton in 2014. And increase the annual per capita share of poultry and poultry meat from about 8.6 kg / year in 2010 to about 12.83 kg / year in 2016, and the self-sufficiency rate of poultry meat decreased from about 97.1% in 2010 to about 94.1% in 2013, The volume of imports increased from about 24 thousand tons in 2009 to about 37 thousand tons of poultry meat in 2014, and it was found that the loans of poultry wealth in Egypt during the second period (1994_2016) amounted to about 209.2 million pounds in 1994 decreased to about 3.1 million pounds in 2016. Resulting in the adoption of the SPS by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995, which may have a direct or indirecteffect on international trade, the primary objective of the SPS Agreements. TBT is to protect the interests of foreign suppliers in the national market by not setting standards for imported goods that create unnecessary barriers to trade so to verify that the standards for production, health, inspection and inspection are consistent with international standards and in accordance with the rules of the two agreement, Egypt's agricultural and food imports from the United States reached about 1.784 billion US dollars in 2014, an increase of 104 million dollars over 2013, representing about 6% compared with 2013. Since 2003, the Egyptian government has stopped the import of frozen poultry, whether whole or poultry, Import of whole frozen chicken in 2006, While banning the import of poultry parts to protect the local poultry industry and local producers, although the import ban cost the government about 100 million US dollars, Egypt's imports of poultry parts in Brazil, Argentina, USA and Egypt reach about 98.71% of Egyptian imports during the period (2010- 2014), which reached about 93.85 thousand tons, estimated at about 963.06 million pounds, The opinions of the interested producers, consumers and the authorities responsible for approving and not agreeing that the decision to raise the tariff on poultry imports may lead to dumping the local market with the imported product and damage to the Egyptian poultry industry. About 35 individuals represented about 87.5% Producers agree that the decision to raise the tariff on poultry imports could lead to flooding the local market with thewhich is subject to effective protection within the domestic industries to clarify the importance of the economy, Moreover, about 50% of consumers indicated that the decision to raise the customs tariff on the importation of poultry will lead to raising theefficiency of domestic poultry factories and improve the productivity and work of mechanical slaughters, While about 25% of respondents in the rural meeting of consumers that they do not believe that the decision to raise the tariff on the import of poultry will lead to raising the efficiency of domestic poultry factories and improve the productivity and work , The procedure to protect its nascent, small and agricultural industries, of which about 50% confirmed the approval of this idea, while about 25% disagreed, and about 25% can not determine a decision on that proposal. The results of the study indicated the need to develop the poultry sector and develop a strategy that includes the public and private sectors that will address the challenges facing the poultry industry, which will contribute to stabilizing the poultry industry and achieving food security.RECOMMENDATIONS Increasing the quantities imported from the producing countries that have a competitive advantage in prices such as Brazil to cover the needs of the local market, with the imposition of fees to support the local product so protect the local sector from import and work to reduce the prices of the local product , And / or facilitate the procedures for obtaining loans and methods of payment, and / or coordination between governmental and private entities and institutions to promote the poultry industry, and / or tighten control and follow up to verify the availability of bio security in the farms and make them a basis for registration of farms in the ministry, a The transfer of farms and slaughters from the center of the residential blocs, the expansion of the capacity of slaughters and refrigerators to absorb surplus supply in case of availability to reduce price fluctuations and / or expand the cultivation of maize imports value 650 million pounds, and / or the activation of laws regulating and protection of industry such as activation The law to prevent the transfer of live poultry between governorates, and / or to provide care and veterinary services, to provide timely and appropriate immunizations in a sustainable manner and to raiseawareness of their importance to reduce mortality, and / or to build a precise database of industry input and output, the customs dollar to reduce the rise in fodder prices And To activate the role of the General Federation of Poultry Producers and to integrate the private sector and government agencies concerned with the industry, design and prepare training courses for educators, insurance on poultry farms against disasters and epidemic diseases to compensate the losses of breeders and protect the industry from extinction. For this reduction until reaching the rate which maximizes efficiency in the use of resources and does not impede imports and therefore does not receive the state revenue from the tariff. imported product and the damage to the Egyptian poultry industry