cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and tribological characteristics of diamond-like carbon films deposited by pulsed laser ablation

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were deposited by pulsed laser ablation (PLA) on Si (100) and Ti–6Al–4V alloy substrates at four different temperatures. The bonding characteristics of the films were studied by X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy techniques. The ratio of tetrahedral to trigonally coordinated carbon atoms was estimated by XPS successfully. The fraction of tetrahedrally bonded atoms in the films deposited on Si at room temperature was estimated to be ∼63 at.% which decreased to ∼33 at.% as the substrate temperature increased to 400°C. The Raman spectroscopy results of these specimens agree qualitatively with these observations. Also, using Raman spectroscopy, the residual compressive stress was also estimated in fully adherent films on Si substrate to be ∼3 GPa with reference to the value of stress present in a free-standing peeled off film from the Ti-alloy substrate. This value is consistent with the residual stresses estimated in the earlier results. The abrasive wear rates have been correlated during the initial stages of the well adhered films with the sp 3 /sp 2 ratios. The importance of suitable dopants and the interfacial interlayers in reducing internal compressive stresses in these films is discussed.
Secondary Data Analysis of Large Data Sets in Urology: Successes and Errors to Avoid

Purpose: Secondary data analysis is the use of data collected for research by someone other than the investigator. In the last several years there has been a dramatic increase in the number of these studies being published in urological journals and presented at urological meetings, especially involving secondary data analysis of large administrative data sets. Along with this expansion, skepticism for secondary data analysis studies has increased for many urologists.Materials and Methods: In this narrative review we discuss the types of large data sets that are commonly used for secondary data analysis in urology, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of secondary data analysis. A literature search was performed to identify urological secondary data analysis studies published since 2008 using commonly used large data sets, and examples of high quality studies published in high impact journals are given. We outline an approach for performing a successful hypothesis or goal driven secondary data ana...
Creating the technopolis: High-technology development in Austin, Texas☆

Abstract New institutional alliances, driven by the rapid increase in and diversity of new technologies, are altering the strategy and tactics of economic development. As a result, communities across the world are seeking to create modern technopoleis or city-states that interactively link technology commercialization with public and private sectors to spur economic growth and diversification through high-technology company development. This paper develops the conceptual framework of a technopolis wheel from studying the dynamics of high-technology development and economic growth in Austin, Texas. It describes seven segments within the technopolis: the university, large technology companies, small technology companies, federal government, state government, local government and support groups. Empirical data, based on surveys, interviews, and archival sources, are presented to assess the role and impact of each segment on the emerging Austin technopolis. Analysis of this data demonstrates the role of the research university on spin-out company formation, the direct and indirect impacts of federal, state, and local government, the evolution of high-technology companies over time with a focus on major company relocations or foundings, and the establishment of indigenous high-technology companies. A case study of Tracor, Inc., the only home-grown, Fortune 500 company headquartered in Austin, demonstrates some of the key factors at work in the technopolis wheel. The paper points to new institutional relationships among the segments of the technopolis wheel. It emphasizes the role of influencers who provide leadership in each segment while networking the different segments to form new institutional alliances. Key findings of the study include the pivotal role of the research university, the need for continuity in governmental policies, the catalytic role of large technology companies, the importance of indigenous company development, and the need for consensus for the sustained development of the technopolis. Three important themes emerge in technopolis development, not only in the United States but also in Europe and Asia: the need for a coordinated approach to high-technology company development, the presence of a high-quality research university, and the importance of a network of influencers or “executive champions.” By focusing on the interaction among the seven segments of the technopolis wheel, we provide a conceptual framework for assessing the relative importance of government, academic, business, and public sectors in the high-technology economic development of a region.
Biology and host specificity of Gonatocerus deleoni (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a potential biocontrol agent of Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in California, USA

The host-specificity and biological traits of Gonatocerus deleoni Triapitsyn, Logarzo & Virla (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), a potential candidate for biological control of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), were determined under laboratory conditions. G. deleoni is a solitary egg parasitoid native to Argentina, originally reared from sentinel eggs of Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Cicadellidae). With GWSS as a fictitious host, G. deleoni’s average development time from oviposition to adult emergence was 18.8 ± 1.4 days, with males developing faster than females (18.0 ± 1.3 days, males; 19.0 ± 1.3 days, females). The average parasitism rate on 1–8-day-old eggs was 45.7% but this was significantly affected by the age of the egg, ranging from 1.4% to 69.9% (egg ages 8 and 3, respectively). The average sex ratio was 0.34 (percent males) and sex ratio was not significantly affected by egg age. G. deleoni was able to develop in eggs of GWSS and Homalodisca liturata Ball (both in the tribe Proconiini), but was unable to develop on eggs of Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) (different tribe, same subfamily) or Erythroneura elegantula Osborn (different subfamily).
Preparation of single crystals of the methylchloromethane compounds for X-ray diffraction analysis

Abstract Techniques are described for preparing single crystals, suitable for study by X-ray diffraction, of the ordered and disordered phases of low-melting compounds consisting of pseudo-spherical molecules.
Determination of Subsurface Fracture Orientation By Analysis of the Interval Velocity

In directional drilling, fracture orientation plays a very important role. Hence, to maximize a drilling program’s success, the horizontal borehole should be oriented perpendicular to the aligned, vertical fractures (Mueller, 1992). In this paper, a three-layer physical model with an embedded fracture zone (Pheolitic disc) in the central portion of the intermediate layer was constructed. Seven common-mid-point (CMP) seismic lines were collected from the surface of the model having different directions with respect to the orientation of the embedded fracture zone. The mathematical calculation of the interval velocity follows Dix’s (1955) algorithm. The results show that the fracture orientation of the subsurface fracture zone can be determined by analyzing the P-wave interval velocities. seismic line is 15’. The near offset between the first shot-receiver pair is 4 cm. During data collection, the elastic energy was transmitted and received by the transducers which were held normal to the free surface of the model. Then, both of the transducers were raised and moved outward by 1 mm, which made an interval spacing of 2 mm (Figure 3). In all, 36 traces were collected in each CMP seismic line. Figure 4 shows a CMP gather from a seismic line recorded at an azimuth of 45’ to the fracture orientation of the embedded fracture zone. Figure 5 shows five constant offset gathers which were formed by sorting the lst, 6th, llth, 16th, and 21st traces from each CMP gather; then, displayed together. Each constant offset gather has seven traces which were displayed in the order of line I to line VII from left to right.
The Misinterpretation of Entropy as “Disorder”

This letter supports the goal of the article “Entropy: Order or Information” (DOI: 10.1021/ed100922x), showing that the article’s presentation only of Shannon’s measure of information can be strengthened by linking it to energy-based thermodynamics in chemistry—the introduction to entropy now used in most general chemistry texts for majors.
SU‐E‐T‐179: Quality Assurance of Enhanced Dynamic Wedge Profiles Using I''mRT MatriXX

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of the I'mRT MatriXX for periodical quality assurance (QA) of enhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) profile. To verify the treatment planning system (TPS) EDW models. Methods: The ionization chamber based MatriXX (IBA, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) was used to measure the EDW profiles of the Varian 21EX Linac with various wedge angles (15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees) and field sizes. The source to detector distance was 100 cm and 4 or 5 cm of buildup was used for 6 or 18 MV respectively. Planar dose fluences were generated by TPS (Philips Pinnacle version 9.0), then we compared the calculated TPS data to the data measured with MatriXX using the OmniPro‐I'mRT software. Profiles were then extracted and exported to a spreadsheet for point‐to‐point comparisons between the TPS calculated and the measurements. We also measured selected profiles using a 0.6 cc ionization chamber in solid slab phantom. Results: Point‐to‐point differences between planned and measured EDW profiles for wedge angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° in both Y1‐in and Y2‐out directions were analyzed for field sizes of 5×5, 10×10 and 20×20 cm2 on three Varian Linacs. For 10×10 cm2 field, all four wedge angles the point‐to‐point differences within 80% of the field width were less than 2% for both 6 MV and 18 MV beams. Agreements were not as good for smaller field sizes. Comparisons with a 0.6 cc chamber were only done for the 60° wedge 6 MV beam with field of 20×20 cm2, the point‐to‐point comparison both Y1‐in and Y2‐out wedge orientations shows that the ion chamber's results agreed with the MatriXX within 1% in 80% field width. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that MatriXX is a reliable tool and is an efficient approach for both TPS commissioning and periodical QA for EDWs.
Error analysis of a satellite interferometer navigation system

An error analysis is performed for a global positioning and navigation system which relies on an orthogonal array of interferometry baselines on board a geostationary satellite. The error analysis involves linearization of a mathematical model which is based on the relationship between the measured phase differences, the known transmitter positions, and other systematic error parameters. According to the error analysis, position accuracy is critically dependent on the baseline length and the magnitude of the random component of the measuring errors. It is shown that a satellite interferometry system with baselines of about 50 m can yield position accuracies on the order of 20 m.
Quarks, Gluons and Frustrated Antiferromagnets

The Contractor Renormalization Group method (CORE) is used to establish the equivalence of various Hamiltonian free fermion theories and a class of generalized frustrated antiferromagnets. In particular, after a detailed discussion of a simple example, it is argued that a generalized frustrated SU(3) antiferromagnet whose single-site states have the quantum numbers of mesons and baryons is equivalent to a theory of free massless quarks. Furthermore, it is argued that for slight modification of the couplings which define the frustrated antiferromagnet Hamiltonian, the theory becomes a theory of quarks interacting with color gauge-fields.
Natural oscillations of small raindrops

REMOTE sensing of the rate of rainfall and the characteristics of hydrometeors with polarimetric radars is based on the assumption that the eccentricity of raindrops increases predictably with drop size1–3. Field observations, however, have shown that a particular raindrop size can have a wide range of shapes4,5 because of oscillations thought to be caused by drop collisions. Here we report observations of the shapes of small raindrops in circumstances where oscillations might occur sympathetically with eddy shedding in the drop's wake. The analysis of oscillations was aided by measurements of oscillation frequency, based on variations in rainbow angle and comparisons of mode energies. Our observations agree with quiescent shapes only for drops <1 mm in diameter. For 1–1.5 mm we discovered significant shape variability of distinct types corresponding to drop oscillations in axisymmetric and transverse modes. Our finding of reduced average distortion explains the mysterious shift away from quiescent distortion for small raindrops, postulated from radar observations6, and indicates the existence of an important class of raindrop oscillations—promoted not by collisions but by intrinsic aerodynamic forces.
Malignant apudoma of the liver with symptomatic intractable hypoglycemia

This report documents a case of a fatal primary malignant neoplasm of the liver with metastases to the lymph nodes of the porta hepatis and the pubic bone. Profound, intractable hypoglycemia was seen during the course of the disease. No immunoassayable insulin was found in the blood during episodes of severe, symptomatic hypoglycemia. The neoplasm was composed of uniform polygonal cells with distinct cytoplasmic borders growing in broad strands with a tendency toward nesting and was morphologically similar to neoplasms of neural crest derivation. The presence of osmophilic, membrane-bound granules in the neoplastic cells was documented by ultrastructural studies. The tentative conclusion that the hypoglycemia was produced by the secretion of a substance with insulin-like activity, probably a polypeptide, by the secretory granules in the neoplastic cells is supported by clinical and laboratory data.
Breastfeeding beliefs of low-income primigravidae

The purpose of this descriptive study was to elicit salient beliefs regarding breastfeeding in low-income, primigravidae. Open-ended questions were used in taped interviews with 41 pregnant women who intended to breastfeed. Basic content analysis was used to identify recurrent beliefs. Infant health benefits and improved bonding were frequently mentioned advantages; disadvantages included interference with maternal schedule, inability of others to feed infant, and physical discomfort. Family members, husbands/boyfriends, and health care providers were thought to approve of breastfeeding. These findings may facilitate efforts to increase breastfeeding initiation by examining beliefs fostering or inhibiting breastfeeding in this population.
Characterization of interfacial stabilities of LixC6/glass-polymer composite/LixMn2O4 cells using in-situ four-probe measurements

Abstract The interfacial resistances of LixC6/GPC/LixMn2O4 cells with glass-polymer composite (GPC) electrolytes have been characterized using in-situ four-probe measurements during cycling. The evolution of impedance spectra of the cells shows that the kinetic stability of the GPC electrolyte against LixC6 and LixMn2O4 electrodes is reasonably good, although there is an initial increase in interfacial resistances. The resistance of a LixMn2O4/GPC interface increases from 370 Ω as prepared (in the fully discharged state) to 740 Ω after first cycle and then remains constant up to 80 cycles. The resistance of a GPC/LixC6 interface typically increases from an initial value of 380 Ω (as prepared) to 1020 Ω after 50 cycles. The interfacial resistances then stay relatively constant during cycling up to about 80 cycles. The observed discharge capacity fading of the positive electrode (LixMn2O4) is about 8% after 80 cycles.
Logistic and semi-logistic processes

Abstract Random geometric minima of logistic random variables are again logistic. Certain multivariate logistic distributions share this property. This phenomenon is exploited to develop and study a variety of stationary k -dimensional processes with logistic marginals and semi-logistic marginals.
Analytical bounds on least squares and total least squares methods for the linear prediction problem

The least squares (LS) and total least squares (TLS) methods are commonly used to solve the linear prediction equations in frequency estimation problems. The authors examine how the noise, increasing the number of equations, or augmenting the system may reduce the sensitivity of the noise subspace, and thus provide improved estimation of the polynomial coefficients. Specifically, they provide an analytical lower and new upper bound for the difference between the LS and TLS solutions, which explains their similarities/differences in a high/low SNR environment. Numerical simulation results show that the bounds are sharp. The analysis is intimately linked to the concept of the subspace angle in perturbation theory for the orthogonal projection methods. >
Activation of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by PYK2/Related Adhesion Focal Tyrosine Kinase-dependent Mechanism

The stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), a member of the subgroup of mammalian kinases, appears to play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses, including cytokine secretion and apoptosis. The upstream mediators that link extracellular signals with the p38 MAPK signaling pathway are currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that pp125 focal adhesion kinase-related tyrosine kinase RAFTK (also known as PYK2, CADTK) is activated specifically by methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and hyperosmolarity but not by ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, or cis-platinum. Overexpression of RAFTK leads to the activation of p38 MAPK. Furthermore, overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of RAFTK (RAFTK K-M) inhibits MMS-induced p38 MAPK activation. MKK3 and MKK6 are known potential constituents of p38 MAPK signaling pathway, whereas SEK1 and MEK1 are upstream activators of SAPK/JNK and ERK pathways, respectively. We observe that the dominant-negative mutant of MKK3 but not of MKK6, SEK1, or MEK1 inhibits RAFTK-induced p38 MAPK activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that treatment of cells with 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, tetra(acetoxymethyl)-ester, a membrane-permeable calcium chelator, inhibits MMS-induced activation of RAFTK and p38 MAPK. Taken together, these findings indicate that RAFTK represents a stress-sensitive mediator of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in response to certain cytotoxic agents.
The International Business Ethics Index: European Union

The present study expands the systematic measurement of consumers’ sentiments towards business ethical practices to the international arena. Data for the Business Ethics Index (BEI) were gathered in three countries of the European Union (UK, Germany, Spain). The Germans were the most pessimistic while the British were the most optimistic about the future ethical behaviour of businesses.
A 4-bit miniature X-band MEMS phase shifter using switched-LC networks

A compact 4-bit true-time-delay MEMS phase shifter fabricated on 8-mil GaAs substrate is described. Miniaturization of the phase shifter is achieved using phase shift networks based on semi-lumped LC circuits and a compact SP2T switch configuration. Trade-off in size and loss is performed to achieve a phase shifter with an area of 7 mm/sup 2/ and an average insertion loss of -1.47 dB at 9.4 GHz. The phase shifter has a measured return loss of < -10.5 dB over 8-12 GHz and an RMS phase error of 2/spl deg/ at 9.4 GHz.
Effect of raloxifene on the incidence of elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) and achievement of LDL target goals in postmenopausal women.

SUMMARYObjective: To determine the extent to which raloxifene can maintain low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels below 160 mg/dL or reduce elevated LDL-C levels to below lipidlowering goals in postmenopausal women.Patients and methods: The Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) osteoporosis treatment trial randomized 7705 postmenopausal women to placebo or raloxifene (60 mg or 120 mg) daily for a core treatment phase of 3 years. Changes in LDL-C and other serum lipids in a subset of women was a predefined secondary objective. This post-hoc analysis included the 2413 women who did not take lipid-lowering medications at any time during the trial and for whom LDL-C measurements were available. The threshold for high LDL-C (≥ 160 mg/dL) and LDL-C lipid-lowering goals were defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) guidelines.Results: The percent of women with LDL-C < 160 mg/dL was comparable between treatment groups at baseline ...
Homogenizing the time-harmonic acoustics of bone: The monophasic case

For the interrogation of cancellous bone using ultrasound, we undertake a derivation of the time-harmonic, acoustic equations, idealizing the bone as a periodic arrangement of a Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic porous matrix containing a viscous fluid. Since we are interested in acoustics, rather than filtration, we assume that the fluid is slightly compressible. Moreover, we study the monophasic case. A priori estimates are obtained for the time-harmonic equations. By letting the characteristic size of the inhomogeneities tend to zero and passing to the limit in the sense of the two-scale convergence, the effective equations for the monophasic vibrations are obtained, for which we prove existence and uniqueness.
EFFECTS OF CHLORPROMAZINE ON SOME MOTOR REFLEXES

Summary--The effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the patellar reflex and segmentally evoked spinal cord potentials were determined in various cat preparations. CPZ in doses of I-8 mg/kg given intravenously (as an accumulative dose) produced a signiticant depression of the patellar reflex and segmentally evoked potentials in animals with an intact central nervous system. Hypotension, potentiation of anesthesia, depression of nerve conduction in afferent and efferent nerves, an effect at the neuromuscular junction, or an effect directly on skeletal muscle or muscle spindle were ruled out as p~.~ssible mechanisms of reflex depression. Studies in high spinal and decerebrate animals (Sherrington, Pollock-Davis)and decerebellate suggested a supraspinal sight of CPZ action. CPZ was shown to cause a significant depression of facilitation and inhibition of the patellar reflex produced by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic facilitatory and medullary inhibitory areas of the reticular formation. The linguomandibular reflex (LMR) was also elicited in several preparations. This reflex was significantly depressed in intact and high spinal animals while the patellar reflex was depressed only in the former. CPZ-induced depression of segmentally evoked potentials was demonstrated to be dependent upon the intensity of electrical stimulation. CPZ was much less effective in depressing potentials elicited by supramaximal than by submaximal stimuli (80 per cent of maximum). The mean arterial blood pressure was depressed by CPZ in all preparations with an intact medullary vasomotor outflow. The site of CPZ depression of these motor reflexes is probably on neurons in portions of the bulbar facilitatory (BF) reticular area as well as a lesser depression of neurons in portions of the bulbar inhibitory reticular area. The possibility that CPZ may also act at a spinal level is discussed.
Steady-state analysis and optimization of bidirectional DC-DC converters

A new approach using the converter switching functions to the modeling and analysis of the bidirectional actively controlled DC-DC converters is presented in this paper. This modeling technique helps to obtain the dynamic equations which can be used to computer simulate the performance of the converter. With the aid of the harmonic balance technique (HBT), the detailed steady-state performance analysis of the converter is undertaken and compared with results obtained from full-order. The results obtained from HBT compare favorably with those generated from computer full-order simulation results. Finally, the converter equations generated using HBT is used to determine the minimum loss operation of the bi-directional actively controlled DC-DC converters.
External Economies of Scale and Competitive Equilibrium

I. Introduction, 347. — II. Production functions and producer equilibrium, 352. — III. Demand functions and supply of labor, 356. — IV. Equilibrium under laissez-faire, 358. — V. Ideal output, 362. — VI. Taxes, bounties, and optimality rules, 366. — VII. Analysis in terms of consumers' surplus, 373. — VIII. Dynamic stability of the adjustment process, 381.
Do Selection Rules Aect Leader Responsiveness? Evidence from Rural Uganda

Community organizations in developing countries often suffer from self-serving elites. This study examines whether the responsiveness and accountability of local leaders can be strengthened through the introduction of more inclusive and participatory leader selection rules. To address identification problems, I take advantage of natural conditions that resulted in exogenous variation in the rules for selecting leaders of farmer associations in Uganda. I find that compared to leaders appointed by the community elites, directly elected leaders are significantly more responsive to group members, leading to greater cooperative behavior. Analyzing possible mechanisms, I find that community organizations using appointments are less likely to develop monitoring institutions that are vital for constraining the behavior of local elites. Unique social network data provides evidence that close friendship ties between appointed and appointers substitute for formal monitoring institutions, leading to loss of confidence by community members and, subsequently, to a decline in public goods contributions.
Becoming Counselors Through Growth and Learning: The Entry Transition Process

This article explored counselor development within the entry transition into counselor education programs using 4 interviews and interpretive dialogues with 8 beginning counselors. Six categories resulted from the authors' grounded theory analysis: Anticipation, Evolving Identity, Growth and Learning, Coping, Choosing to Trust the Process, and Interacting With Feedback.
Behavioural characteristics associated with dog bites to children presenting to an urban trauma centre

Children are the most frequent victims of dog bites presenting to hospital emergency departments (ED), but there are gaps in understanding of the circumstances of such bites. The objective of this study was to characterise the behavioural circumstances of dog bites by interviewing children ≤17 years (or parent proxies for children ≤6 years) presenting with dog bite injuries to The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia about the bite incident, its setting and associated interactions. Of 203 children enrolled, 51% were <7 years old and 55% were male. 72% of children knew the biting dog. Most bites to younger children occurred during positive interactions, initiated by the child, with stationary, familiar dogs, indoors. Most older bitten children had been active (eg, outdoors), unfamiliar with the dog and not interacting. Whereas face bites predominated (70%) in the younger group (<7 years), bites to extremities predominated (72%) in the older group. Recognition of the two distinctive behavioural and circumstantial subgroups of dog bites that emerged can lead to more effective prevention strategies.
Analyzing Swine Sera for Functional Antibody Titers Against Influenza A Neuraminidase Proteins Using an Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA)

Neuraminidase (NA) is an envelope glycoprotein of influenza viruses, including swine-lineage influenza A viruses. NA possesses sialidase activity, which is functionally important at multiple points in viral replication, counter-balancing the sialic acid receptor binding activity of the hemagglutinin (HA), the other major envelope glycoprotein. The NA proteins of influenza A viruses have been classified into nine serological subtypes, and they undergo antigenic drift variation similar to that of HA. Antibodies to NA are analyzed much less often than antibodies to HA. The conventional assay for NA inhibition (NI) antibody titration, established decades ago, is widely considered unwieldy and inefficient for routine use. In recent years, a few new formats have been developed which still measure inhibition of NA enzymatic function, but more efficiently and with less chemical waste produced. Described here is the enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA), which is performed in 96-well plates and analyzed on a spectrophotometric plate reader. An important factor in adoption of the ELLA technique for animal studies, such as swine, is the choice of NA antigen, which may be purified protein or whole virus containing an antigenically irrelevant HA protein. This NI assay, in conjunction with the hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) antibody assay, offers a practical way to characterize viral isolates more fully and to quantify antibodies induced by infection or vaccination.
Conservative treatment of impacted fractures of the femoral neck. A report of fifty cases.

The results in this series of impacted fractures of the femoral neck indicate that, with careful evaluation of each patient, excellent results can be obtained without operation and without prolonged hospitalization in a high percentage of these fractures. This regimen is not one to be advocated unless the patients can be followed with extreme care. A few of these impacted fractures will disimpact, requiring reduction and nailing. This series indicates that Pauwels' rule regarding the cases in his Type I group is valid. There are apparently many exceptions to his statements regarding those fractures in the Type II and III groups.
Autobiography and the Impossibility of Evil in Kurt H. Wolff’s Existential Sociology

The purpose of this paper has been to augment Kurt H. Wolff’s arguments claiming the impossibility of an evil catch in his methodology of surrender and-catch by contextualizing his explications in Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka’s philosophical system, the Phenomenology of Life and the Human Condition. An auxiliary purpose has been to show the importance of Wolff’s claim for the realm of literature, for his existential sociology converges with the autobiographical form of literature and with its creative moment. Those writers who engage literature in an existential, genuinely creative way are already practitioners of surrender, but whose catch is objectivated in a literary work. Wolff objectivates the catch of his surrenders in terms of sociological insights. However, I have shown that through the autobiographical moment Wolff’s sociology converges with literature, and that literature that is concerned with the crises of our times and that transcends meaning sedimentations, converges with the goal of Wolff’s sociology. The exclusion of evil from the catch of surrender, in the convergence of sociology and literature offers great hope based on the new insights for vision of a better world. Wolff’s vindication of the subject and the subject’s inventive capacity thus takes on a sense of paramount importance. From such a viewpoint, literature gains much significance in meeting our needs to find out what is for humankind. Tymieniecka has grounded this view in her philosophical system, so Wolff’s surrender-and-catch gains by being contextualized in a system and Tymieniecka’s system gains through a radical existential mode of engagement that perfects the relation between creativity and morality, the pinnacle of her system.
Generalized subgraph preconditioners for large-scale bundle adjustment

We present a generalized subgraph preconditioning (GSP) technique to solve large-scale bundle adjustment problems efficiently. In contrast with previous work which uses either direct or iterative methods as the linear solver, GSP combines their advantages and is significantly faster on large datasets. Similar to [11], the main idea is to identify a sub-problem (subgraph) that can be solved efficiently by sparse factorization methods and use it to build a preconditioner for the conjugate gradient method. The difference is that GSP is more general and leads to much more effective preconditioners. We design a greedy algorithm to build subgraphs which have bounded maximum clique size in the factorization phase, and also result in smaller condition numbers than standard preconditioning techniques. When applying the proposed method to the “bal” datasets [1], GSP displays promising performance.
On The Meaning of “Act of God”

The concept, “act of God,” is central to the biblical understanding of God and his relation to the world. Repeatedly we are told of the great works performed by God in behalf of his people and in execution of his own purposes in history. From the “song of Moses,” which celebrates the “glorious deeds” (Ex. 15:11) through which Yahweh secured the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt, to the letters of Paul, which proclaim God's great act delivering us “from the dominion of darkness” (Col. 1:13) and reconciling us with himself, we are confronted with a “God who acts.” The “mighty acts” (Ps. 145:4), the “wondrous deeds” (Ps. 40:5), the “wonderful works” (Ps. 107:21) of God are the fundamental subject-matter of biblical history, and the object of biblical faith is clearly the One who has acted repeatedly and with power in the past and may be expected to do so in the future.
Oxidative Addition of a Diphosphine Anhydride to Iron(0) and Nickel(0): A Simple Approach to Installing Four Ligands

The diphosphine anhydride (PCO)2O was prepared in high yield by DCC coupling of 2-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid. The diphosphine oxidatively adds to Fe(0) carbonyls to give the acyl carboxylate Fe(PCO)(PCO2)(CO)2 (1). The complex adopts a distorted octahedral geometry with trans phosphines and cis carbonyl ligands. Treatment of Ni(COD)2 with (PCO)2O afforded the square-planar acyl carboxylate Ni(PCO)(PCO2) (2) with trans phosphine ligands. Upon treatment with PMe3, 1 gives the monocarbonyl Fe(PCO)(PCO2)(CO)(PMe3), whereas 2 and PMe3 react to give the pentacoordinate adduct 2PMe3. Both 1 and 2 give 1:1 adducts with B(C6F5)3 (BPhF3). Crystallographic analysis revealed that the borane binds to the noncoordinated carboxylate oxygen in both cases. The value of νCO for the carboxylato ligand decreased by 45 cm−1, and in the case of 1BPhF3, νCO for the CO ligands increased by 15 cm−1. In solution, 1BPhF3 exists as an equilibrium mixture of three isomers, including a kinetic isomer and another isomer that selecti...
Impact of montmorillonate on the process of purification of waters containing uranium by ultra- and nanofiltration

The article has investigated the impact of montmorillonite (natural and modified) for purification of waters containing uranium by ultraand nanofiltration. It has been shown that maximally possible uranium retention coefficient by a nanofiltration membrane was obtained when a modifier with the molecular weight 2 kDa was used. Whereas for an ultrafiltration membrane a high index of purification is achieved when using a modifier with the molecular weight 10 kDa.
Adipose‐derived aldehyde‐dehydrogenase‐expressing cells promote dermal regenerative potential with collagen‐glycosaminoglycan scaffold

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is an enzyme that plays an important role in retinoid metabolism and highly expressed in stem cells. This study isolated ALDH-expressing cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue and investigated their potential to enhance healing in a full-thickness skin wound in rats by co-implanting them with collagen-glycosaminoglycan (c-GAG) scaffolds. ALDH-positive cells were isolated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique from Lewis rat's Stromal-Vascular-Fraction (SVF) and transplanted with c-GAG scaffolds in a rat full-thickness skin wound model. At seven days after surgery, the microscopic appearance of c-GAG scaffolds seeded with ALDH-positive was compared with those of uncultured-SVF, and cultured- adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). The thickness of cellular ingrowth in the ASC group (630 ± 180 μm) was significantly thicker than that in the control (390 ± 120 μm) or SVF (380 ± 140 μm) groups, but non-significantly thicker than that in the ALDH-positive group (570 ± 220 μm). The thickness of regenerated collagen layer was significantly thicker in the ALDH-positive group (160 ± 110 μm) than in the ASCs (81 ± 41 μm), the control (65 ± 24 μm), or SVF (64 ± 34 μm) groups. Immunofluorescent staining with CD31 proved that transplanted ALDH-positive cells differentiated into vascular endothelial cells in c-GAG scaffolds. Combined transplantation with c-GAG scaffolds and adipose-derived ALDH-positive cells promoted dermal regeneration, giving a possibility that ALDH-positive cells would greatly shorten the waiting period before secondary autologous skin grafting was possible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Influence of Low Mass-density Particles and Temperature-dependent Refractive Index on Hyper-spectral Forward Calculations

The present work uses the Community Radiative Transfer Model to assess the influence of complex particle shapes, including snowflakes, in hyper-spectral calculations. Also considered will be the temperature-dependence of the refractive-index of ice.
Preliminary results of a new PV test platform for side-by-side operation of multiple grid-connected PV systems in South Maui

A new PV test platform designed and instrumented by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI) of the University of Hawaii, was commissioned in February 2016 in Kihei, Maui. 15 grid-connected PV systems operate side-by-side on a carport structure, providing performance comparison of different PV module technologies and system architectures. The test bed is instrumented to collect 1-second data sets on the operation of the PV systems and on their environment. The test protocol also includes a multi tracer to collect the IV curves of a sample of every PV modules in test. This document describes shortly the PV systems in test, the test protocol and instrumentation of the new PV test platform. Next, we present the data analysis used to obtain the preliminary performance results presented in the last section, showing the hourly average performance of the grid-connected PV systems operating in the middle of a clear day during the first month of operation.
Osmolytes and Metabolic End Products of Molluscs: The Design of Compatible Solute Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the design of compatible solute systems in relation to osmolytes and metabolic end products of Mollusks. Marine mollusks, like other marine invertebrates, utilize nitrogenous solutes such as free amino acids as the major intracellular osmotic effectors (“osmolytes). The chapter describes the intracellular fluids and the suite of organic osmolytes utilized by the different groups of marine mollusks. The suite of nitrogenous osmolytes present within the cytosol of marine mollusks is similar to that characteristic of other marine invertebrate groups. The similarities among the osmotic systems far outweigh the differences. In all cases, only a few free amino acids make the dominant contribution to the intracellular pool. Alanine, glycine, proline, taurine, and glutamate are typically the dominant species in marine mollusks. The use of compatible nitrogenous solutes by marine invertebrates, certain halophytes, and many salt-tolerant bacteria is a striking example of convergent evolution. A key achievement of the compatible solute strategy of osmotic adaptation is its evolutionary simplicity.
Constructivism, Dewey, and Academic Advising.

Many published scholars argue for constructivism as a basis for academic advising theory. However, few have discussed the commensurate ontological assumptions of constructivist thinking. Potential problems with the metaphysical view of the student in contemporary academic advising may be attributable to constructivism. John Dewey's critique of dualism suggests that although constructivism proves fruitful for practice, academic advisors may need to reexamine the use of it to avoid creation of educationally harmful conditions for students. They can begin this investigation by looking at the work of John Dewey and by reconsidering their own assumptions about knowing and learning.
Morphological Diversity of C. elegans Sensory Cilia Instructed by the Differential Expression of an Immunoglobulin Domain Protein.

Cilia on dendritic endings of sensory neurons organize distinct types of sensory machinery [1]. Ciliated endings display neuron-type-specific patterns of membrane elaborations [1-3], but it is not well understood how such neuron-type-specific morphologies are generated and whether they are coupled to the specification of other identity aspects of a terminally differentiated sensory neuron. In the course of a genome-wide analysis of members of a small family of immunoglobulin domain proteins, we found that OIG-8, a previously uncharacterized transmembrane protein with a single immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, instructs the distinct, neuron-type-specific elaboration of ciliated endings of different olfactory neuron types in the nematode C. elegans. OIG-8 protein localizes to ciliated endings of these sensory neurons, and is transcribed at different levels in distinct olfactory neuron types. oig-8 expression levels correlate with the extent of sensory cilia growth and branching patterns. Loss of oig-8 leads to a reduction in the branching patterns of cilia, whereas raising the levels of oig-8 results in an increase in elaborations. Levels of OIG-8 expression are controlled by the specific combination of a terminal selector type of transcription factors that also specify other identity features of distinct olfactory neuron types.
WHO-QOL Instrument and Environmental Health Assessment

The World Health Organization's Quality of Life (WHO-QOL) survey instrument was developed through an extensive process that included international and cross-cultural vetting. The result is a full version consisting of 100 questions (WHOQOL-100) organized according to six domains of QOL in facets of four questions each: environment (eight facets), level of independence (four facets), physical capacity (three facets), psychological health (five facets), social relationships (three facets), and spirituality (one facet). Additional questions focus on perception of overall QOL and general health. A brief WHO-QOL instrument was also developed, consisting of 26 questions and 4 domains (environment, physical health, psychological health, and social relationships). The level of complexity associated with the environment domain of QOL is reflected in the largest number of facets and diversity of questions included: physical safety and security; home environment; financial resources; health and social care: accessibility and quality; opportunities for acquiring new information and skills; participation in and opportunities for recreation/leisure activities; physical environment; transport. The interpretation of these facets varies considerably because they demand interdisciplinary understanding, and they have not been equally investigated. Statistical analyses demonstrate that these facets consistently cluster together, and their collective contribution to overall QOL is consistently strong.
Aftershocks: Exploring Cluster Heterogeneity and Agglomeration Dynamics After the Internet Bust

Prior work suggests that agglomeration economies associated with industrial diversity and related industrial diversity both promote new firm formation regardless of a technology-focused cluster’s e...
Port mergers: Why not Los Angeles and Long Beach?

Abstract There have been significant attempts to merge the San Pedro Bay Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach since their creation as separate municipal authorities in 1911. These efforts continue to the present day with the most recent proposal made in 2014. Yet all efforts to merge the two largest container ports in North America have failed. A review of attempts to promote or force the merger of the two ports was undertaken to identify the motivating factors behind the merger proposals, how the merger concepts were initiated and why they failed. Those who proposed merging the ports were typically business groups, port users or elected officials but not port administrators. Merger proposals were often motivated by the desire to eliminate what merger proponents viewed as destructive competition, duplication of facilities, or because one port coveted the resources of the other. Yet, all merger proposals have failed to gain widespread support for two primary reasons. First, all proposals came from outside the port administration, often generated without any port knowledge or participation and limited stakeholder involvement. Second, none of the merger proposals were accompanied by an objective analysis identifying the benefits to accrue to both port cities from a merger. Although attempts to merge the two ports failed, cooperative efforts between the ports increased in the 1980's, spurred by problems confronting both port administrations, that is, the impacts of containerization on the surrounding communities. The ports used a variety of governance tools to affect cooperative arrangements including creation of quasi-independent single purpose authorities. Initial efforts focused on improving hinterland infrastructure. The increased use of “discussion agreements” approved by the Federal Maritime Administration allowed the ports to expand cooperative efforts to environmental and logistics matters. The willingness and initiatives of the ports to cooperate, when necessary, has negated serious consideration of merger proposals. Instead, the two ports have increasingly expanded cooperative efforts to address common issues while retaining their independent jurisdictions.
Cultural Preservation: Fear of Drowning in a Licensing Swamp

This paper explores the difficulties inherent in copyright licensing where a user wishes to comply with copyright, but because of the complexity of the project, cannot as a practical matter obtain the necessary permissions. As a result, many publicly valuable new uses of copyrighted material never come into being. The proposed Google settlement, the experience of the journal aggregator JSTOR, and the Scandanavian experience with extended collective licensing schemes suggest models that, if it were possible to adopt them, might overcome these difficulties, inuring in the process to the welfare of the public and of authors themselves.
Exploring Geology on the World-Wide Web – Marine Geology and Oceanography

INTRODUCTION In recognition of the importance of the marine environment, the United Nations declared 1998 the International Year of the Ocean. T h s desimation ~rovided " individual organizations and governments with an important opportunity to raise public awareness and understanding of the ocean and related issues. Some of the web sites listed below were specifically designed as products of this international effort, while many others were inspired to improve their content. As a result, you can now find information on a variety of related topics, including the topography or shape of the ocean floors, the distribution and type of bottom sediments. the com~osition and structure of the underlying rocks, and the geologic processes that have been at work throughout the seafloor's history. Plate tectonics, seismology, volcanology, and geophysics were covered in previous columns and are treated only briefly here. Coral reefs and sedirnentology are also covered only briefly, as they are subjects I will cover in future columns. Previous topics of this column and their corresponding hypertext links are available from the web page listed below. All of the URL addresses in the current article will be available on the publication date of the next issue of the journal. Please visit: