cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prosociality and Negative Emotionality Mediate the Association of Serotonin Transporter Genotype With Childhood ADHD and ODD

Although there is evidence that the promoter polymorphism of the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) gene is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), the pathways underlying these associations are largely unknown. Given their theoretical and biological plausibility, we tested whether individual differences in key temperament dimensions (i.e., prosociality, negative emotionality, daring) constituted potential pathways from 5-HTTLPR to ADHD and ODD. Using a well-characterized sample of 194 six to nine-year-old children with and without ADHD, we utilized multiple mediation procedures with bootstrapping to evaluate prosociality, negative emotionality, and daring as independent mediators of 5-HTTLPR with separate parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and ODD. Controlling for ODD, prosociality and negative emotionality significantly mediated the association of 5-HTTLPR and parent-reported ADHD. Similarly, controlling for ADHD, prosociality and negative emotionality each uniquely mediated the association of 5-HTTLPR and parent-reported ODD. For teacher-reported ADHD, prosociality significantly mediated the association of 5-HTTLPR (controlling for ODD) whereas controlling for ODD, negative emotionality significantly mediated the prediction of teacher-reported ODD from 5-HTTLPR. Specifically, the number of 5-HTTLPR long alleles was inversely associated with prosociality and positively associated with negative emotionality; prosociality was inversely associated and negative emotionality was positively associated with ADHD and ODD. We consider the role of temperament in genetically sensitive designs as well as its potential value in the development and delivery of effective interventions.
Primary care development in Southeast Asia: Building an essential foundation for health systems

occurred, but much was left unresolved. Physicians there still struggle with a lack of adequate resources and an abundance of patients in need; all this is further complicated by a struggling economy and massive physician shortage. The Dartmouth Haiti Response was formed in response to the earthquake, and involved several specialized support teams traveling to the island to offer healthcare services. This began the start of a joint project that would aim to mutually benefit physicians-in-training in two very different medical settings. Structure/Method/Design: “Haiti Report” is a monthly resident’s morning report that involves videoconferencing between internal medicine residents at the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and residents from Hopital Universitaire de Mirebalais and Universite d’Etat de Haiti. At each report, a presenter will share an interesting patient case that is open for both groups of residents to discuss and work through. Outcomes & Evaluation: In this setting, Haitian residents can learn about the diagnostic and therapeutic process in patients who have often been referred from outside hospitals for higher level tertiary care. During the Haiti resident cases, Dartmouth-Hitchcock residents can learn the value of more basic investigative practices and what the best diagnostic and treatment strategies are when resources are scarce. Both parties can learn a great deal from each other in recognizing the vast differences in medical systems and how geo-political and socioeconomical factors play large roles in healthcare delivery. However, perhaps one of the most valuable lessons gained from these conferences is that despite so many differences in our backgrounds and resources, there are countless aspects of good patient care that are universal to all healthcare providers. Going Forward: This pilot project has had to withstand several challenges in its early years of development. The language barrier between residents was an initial concern and hindered the free flow of discussion between groups. Having bilingual presentation slides and a Funding: There is currently no funding required for this initiative. Abstract #: 02ETC053
Differences in Complexity of Discharge Medication Regimens between Men and Women Discharged from Acute Care to Home following Total Joint Arthroplasty

Purpose: This study determined whether discharge medication regimens that patients managed at home following hip or knee total joint arthroplasty differed between men and women. Comparisons were made among overall complexity of the regimen and the separate components contributing to complexity: number of medications, dosage forms, dosing frequencies, and additional administration directions.Methods: Patient demographics and discharge medication regimens for serially discharged patients were retrospectively collected for a 3-month period from medical records at a large urban acute care hospital. Complexity of discharge medication regimens was quantified with the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), which accounts for each separate component of complexity.Results: The serial sample comprised 105 men and 93 women discharged to home following total joint arthroplasty. Men and women did not differ by hospital length of stay or by proportions with the most common secondary diagnoses (hypertension, hyperl...
U.S. Economic Growth vs. Environmental Conditions

A widely-held belief is that stricter environmental regulations stifle economic growth. To determine empirically the effect of environmental conditions and policies on state-level per capita income growth, a Barro-type economic growth model was estimated for the years 1982 to 1991, which correspond to two consecutive troughs in the business cycle. States with better environmental conditions had significantly higher income growth rates during this period. At the same time, stricter environmental policies did not significantly depress income growth. Data used include recently developed, consistent measures of environmental policy and quality for individual states, as well as data from the 1980 U.S. Census and Bureau of Economic Analysis.
Laser-switched wideband fiber optic delay network for phased array antenna steering

Fiber optic delay lines offer a lightweight compact solution to accomplish broadband true-time-delay steering of phased array antennas. By using a lightwave as a carrier for the microwave signals that drive the radiation elements of a phased array antenna, a delay network that is nondispersive over multibands of microwave frequencies can be made. We report a first demonstration of the concept with 3-bit fiber optic delay networks designed to steer a phased array antenna at 2 and 9 GHz.
Ultrasound 2D strain estimator based on image registration for ultrasound elastography

In this paper, we present a new approach to calculate 2D strain through the registration of the pre- and post-compression (deformation) B-mode image sequences based on an intensity-based non-rigid registration algorithm (INRA). Compared with the most commonly used cross-correlation (CC) method, our approach is not constrained to any particular set of directions, and can overcome displacement estimation errors introduced by incoherent motion and variations in the signal under high compression. This INRA method was tested using phantom and in vivo data. The robustness of our approach was demonstrated in the axial direction as well as the lateral direction where the standard CC method frequently fails. In addition, our approach copes well under large compression (over 6%). In the phantom study, we computed the strain image under various compressions and calculated the signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise (CNS) ratios. The SNR and CNS values of the INRA method were much higher than those calculated from the CC-based method. Furthermore, the clinical feasibility of our approach was demonstrated with the in vivo data from patients with arm lymphedema.
On the theory of angular correlation phenomena

Abstract The correlation distribution function for emissions of non-relativistic particles in two successive disintegrations of a system is calculated without the use of perturbation theory and without particular assumptions for the nature of the “interactions” responsible for the transitions. The calculation is limited to transitions with the emission of only one particle (or more precisely, the disintegration of a quasi-stationary system into two sub-systems). Some general properties of correlation distribution functions are obtained. Also the number of undetermined parameters which enter the distribution function is counted under important restricting conditions. The form of the calculation makes possible the exhibition of the formal identity of the correlation distribution function with the angular distribution function for resonance reactions. Both distribution functions may be represented as polynomials in cost B of degree not greater than J, where J is the spin of the intermediate states of the two processes.
Modifiable risk factors for colon cancer.

Although many mechanisms remain unclear, a large body of evidence indicates that several dietary and lifestyle factors are likely to have a major influence on the risk of colon cancer. Physical inactivity, excess body weight, and a central deposition of adiposity are consistent risk factors. Overconsumption of energy is likely to be one of the major contributors to the high rates of colon cancer in Western countries. Beyond their influence on energy balance, the independent role of specific macronutrients remain controversial. Red meat, processed meats, and perhaps refined carbohydrates contribute to risk. Recent evidence indicate that chronic hyperinsulinemia may increase risk of colon cancer. As insulin resistance and subsequent hyperinsulinemia is induced by excess energy intake and some aspects of the Western diet (e.g., saturated fats and refined carbohydrates), insulin may be a focus of factors influencing colon cancer risk. Recent evidence also points to a role of IGF-1, but our understanding of modifiable factors that influence levels of these is poor at present. Of note is that hyperinsulinemia increases free IGF-1 exposure [25]. High alcohol consumption, probably in combination with a diet low in some micronutrients such as folate and methionine, and smoking early in life are likely to increase risk of colon cancer. Recent epidemiologic studies have tended not to support a strong influence of fiber; instead, some micronutrients or phytochemicals in fiber-rich foods may be important. Folate is one such nutrient that has received attention lately and is being studied in randomized intervention trials. Agents with chemopreventive properties, such as aspirin and postmenopausal estrogens, have potential adverse effects so a careful consideration of the risk-benefit ratio is required before general recommendations can be made. Other NSAIDs with a potential for reduced toxicity, such as celecoxib, are currently being evaluated for efficacy and toxicity. The overwhelming evidence indicates that primary prevention of colon cancer is feasible. At least 70% of colon cancers may be preventable by moderate changes in diet and lifestyle [197]. Secondary prevention, through screening by sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, is also critically important to prevent mortality from colon cancer; however, many of the diet and lifestyle risk factors for colon cancers are the same for cardiovascular disease and for some other cancers, so focusing on the modifiable risk factors for colon cancer is likely to have many additional benefits beyond this cancer.
New theoretical method to study densities of states of tetrahedrally coordinated solids

Abstract A new simple method is proposed to calculate local densities of states of arbitrary tetrahedrally coordinated solids. It involves the selection of a finite cluster of atoms connected to an infinite Bethe lattice of coordination four. The method is accurate, is easily handled numerically, and converges fast. Low-order approximations yield sufficient information which is susceptible to consistent physical interpretation. This has been made for the diamond, BC-8 and ST-12 structures in terms of the ring topology around a given atom. Comparison with exact calculations is very good and the ring interpretation is physical and conceptually appealing.
Future of AlxGa1-xN Materials and Device Technology for Ultraviolet Photodetectors

Thanks to advances in the quality of wide bandgap AlxGa1-xN semiconductors, these materials have emerged as the most promising approach for the realization of photon detectors operating in the near ultraviolet from 200 to 365 nm. This has in turn spurred the need for such devices in an increasing number of applications ranging from water purification to early missile threat warning systems. Nevertheless, the control of the material quality and doping, and the device technology remain tremendous challenges in the quest for the realization of high performance photodetectors. Design of the photodetector structure is one of the key issues in obtaining high performance devices; especially the thickness of the intrinsic region for p-i-n photodiodes is a crucial value and needs to be optimized. We compare the performance of the p-i-n photodiodes with different widths for the depletion region, which shows a trade-off between speed and responsivity of the devices. Furthermore, another challenge at present is the realization of low resistivity wide bandgap p-type AlxGa1-xN semiconductors. We present here recent advances and propose future research efforts in the enhancement of the AlxGa1-xN p-type conductivity through the use of polarization fields in AlxGa1-xN/GaN superlattice structures.
Assessing the Sustained Effects of a Stress Management Intervention on Anxiety and Locus of Control

The article discusses a study which investigated the extent to which locus of control and anxiety level can be modified by a stress management intervention. This study intended to provide additiona...
Optimal quantized control

The optimal closed-loop quantized control is derived for the linear-quadratic-Gaussian formulation and shown to be separable in estimation, control, and quantization. The optimal quantizer is time-varying and minimizes a quadratic distortion measure with weighting matrix dependent upon the solution to the matrix Riccati equation. The optimal cost-togo is shown to be the sum of the cost-to-go for the optimal continuous-valued control solution and a term reflecting the quantizer distortion.
A survey of psychologists employed in business and industry

Responses to a questionnaire from 78 members of the Metropolitan New York Association for Applied Psychology provided the following results. A majority of respondents found their first jobs as applied psychologists through informal networking techniques such as personal recommendations or self-starter methods such as sending out resumes. Over 75% of the respondents rated their graduate institutions as good or excellent. However, an increase in the applied focus of these programs was strongly urged, and opinions about graduate faculties were mixed. Obtaining applied work experience or relevant internships was the most often mentioned advice for seekers of similar positions.
The Jews of North Africa: From Dido to De Gaulle

The Jews of North Africa: from Dido to De Gaulle, by Sarah Taieb-Carlen, Lanham, MA, University Press of America, 2010, 180 pp., US$30.50, ISBN 978-0-7618-5043-4 Sarah Taieb-Carlen opens this surve...
Valproic acid: a new antiepileptic drug with potential side effects of dental concern

Valproic acid-induced hematologic abnormalities may lead to clotting dysfunction in patients taking this anticonvulsant drug. Although the exact mechanism by which valproic acid acts on hemostasis is unknown, an association between the agent and defective blood clotting and spontaneous hemorrhage is evident. This side effect should be considered in the management of dental patients taking the drug for whom treatment involves surgery of the soft tissues.
Sterically Encumbered Diphosphaalkenes and a Bis(diphosphene) as Potential Multiredox-Active Molecular Switches: EPR and DFT Investigations

The reduction products of two diphosphaalkenes (1 and 2) and a bis(diphosphene) (3) containing sterically encumbered ligands and corresponding to the general formulas Ar−XY−Ar‘−YX−Ar, have been investigated by EPR spectroscopy. Due to steric constraints in these molecules, at least one of the dihedral angles between the CXYC plane and either the Ar plane or the Ar‘ plane is largely nonzero and, hence, discourages conformations that are optimal for maximal conjugation of PX (or PY) and aromatic π systems. Comparison of the experimental hyperfine couplings with those calculated by DFT on model systems containing no cumbersome substituents bound to the aromatic rings shows that addition of an electron to the nonplanar neutral systems causes the XY−Ar‘−YX moiety to become planar. In contrast to 1 and 2, 3 can be reduced to relatively stable dianion. Surprisingly the two-electron reduction product of 3 is paramagnetic. Interpretation of its EPR spectra, in the light of DFT calculations on model dianions, shows...
Economic Value of Building Faster

Owners, developers, and engineers are often challenged with determining the value of accelerating the construction of a project. There is a cost for accelerating the construction of a project to reduce the time required to transfer a facility into the operational phase. Determining the cost of acceleration is a difficult challenge with the limited information typically available early in the project development phase. Many unknowns exist (e.g., future revenue, costs, etc.) and the owner, developer, or engineer often make best guesses to justify if building faster is worthwhile. A simple methodology is needed to assess the value of building faster. This paper derives a set of equations that will allow owners, developers, and/or engineers to estimate the percent increase of the baseline project costs to reduce the time to completion of a construction project. The equations were derived such that variables that are easily known or can easily and reliably be determined are required. After the value of accelerating a project is determined (as a percentage of the original baseline budget), owner, developers, and/or engineers can use this information to determine if a project should be accelerated.
Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over V/ZrO2 prepared by flame-assisted spray pyrolysis: Structural and catalytic properties

Abstract A series of V/ZrO 2 (V/Zr atomic ratio = 0.05, 0.11, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 0.42), V-WO x (0.66)/ZrO 2 , and V-MoO x (0.66)/ZrO 2 were synthesized by adopting a one-step flame spray pyrolysis technique and investigated for the low-temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen. Our XRD results suggest that the vanadia species are in amorphous state as dominant surface monomeric VO x species on zirconia support in V/ZrO 2 samples with V/Zr ≤ 0.17. Further increase in vanadia content led to the formation of ZrV 2 O 7 solid solution as a result of zirconia migration into the V 2 O 5 crystallites. H 2 -TPR data results are highly consistent with the XRD results that the low temperature shifts in the reduction peaks of 15% V/ZrO 2 catalyst attributed to the presence of more easily reducible dominant surface monomeric VO x species. The evolution of a new reduction peak at high temperature indicates the formation of dominantly isolated polymeric V oxides species in V/ZrO 2 samples with V/Zr ≥ 0.25. Our H 2 -TPR profiles for tungsten-promoted V/ZrO 2 catalyst revealed the shift of ( T 1 ) peak position to lower temperatures, suggesting that the reduction potential of vanadium oxide species is increased compared to V/ZrO 2 catalyst. This occurrence signifying that the addition of tungsten to V/ZrO 2 promoted the catalyst for the formation of monomeric surface vanadia species, whereas the addition of Mo promoted the formation of polymeric VO x species and thus inhibit the SCR activity. An intense sharp band characteristic of coordinatively held NO 2 species is evident at 1630 cm −1 , no gaseous N 2 O species were detected at 2224 cm −1 , 1286 cm −1 in the in-situ FT-IR spectra of NO adsorbed over the V/ZrO 2 . Our in-situ FT-IR studies of NO+NH 3 co-adsorption demonstrate that the strong signals at 1435 and 1714 cm −1 (bending vibration of NH 4+ ) have seen to decrease with respect to temperature. This observation reveals that the NH 4+ species bound to Bronsted acid sites are responsible for the enhancement in the SCR reaction over the vanadia-zirconia surfaces. The low temperature NO catalytic reduction activity would indicate that an optimal dispersion of monomeric VO x species on zirconia is attained with the 15% of V in the V/ZrO 2 catalyst. The introduction of Zr (seven fold coordination) into V 2 O 5 may lead to the reduction of elemental number in crystal grain and deviation of adjacent oxygen atoms. The change in lattice parameter, crystal anisotropy and negative thermal expansion can block the release of labile oxygen, this seems to be the reason for the decrease in catalytic activity in V/ZrO 2 catalysts with V/Zr ≥ 0.25. The addition of tungsten has a strong influence on the NO conversion, since tungsten loading with the WO x /VO x atomic ratio = 0.66 exhibits a maximum conversion of ∼98% in the temperature range 180–240 °C, whereas the molybdenum loading showed an inhibition effect on the SCR activity of V/ZrO 2 catalyst.
Observed nocturnal gravity wave variances and zonal momentum flux in mid-latitude mesopause region over Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

Abstract Twenty-nine nights including 275 h measurements of temperature, zonal and meridional winds, and zonal momentum flux in the mesopause region were made between September 2006 and April 2007 with the Colorado State University (CSU) sodium lidar at Fort Collins, CO (40.6N, 105W). Perturbations with periods between 6 min and 4 h in temperature and winds were calculated and compared to the recently reported observations by a similar lidar located at Starfire Optical Range (SOR), NM (35N, 107W), showing general agreement. The seasonal means of the observed zonal momentum flux of these wave perturbations were found to be 0.12±0.46 m 2 s −2 for the equinoctial season and −0.69±0.42 m 2 s −2 for the winter season. These results are compared to two such observations in mid-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in the literature, i.e., lidar observation at SOR and radar observation near Kyoto, Japan (35N, 106E). Both magnitudes and signs of the CSU lidar observations are consistent with those published.
Isolation design for systems with a flexible base and equipment

Current literature has not fully explored the choice of isolator mount frequency or isolator placement for flexible systems. It is commonly suggested that isolators should be designed with a low-mount frequency. It is shown that these isolators tend to perform best in an overall sense; however, mount frequencies designed between system modes tend to have a coupling effect. That is, the lower frequencies have such a strong interaction between each other that when isolator damping is present, multiple system modes are attenuated. Also, for low-mount frequency designs, the first natural frequency can shift as much as 15.6%. For a mid-mount frequency design, the shift of the first three modes can be as high as 34.9%, 26.6%, and 11.3%, respectively. Also, when the base and system are flexible, isolator placement becomes a critical issue. There can be as much as 16% difference in the first mode for low-frequency mount design and as high as 25% for a mid-frequency mount design.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aging of Schottky diodes formed on air-exposed and atomically clean GaAs surfaces: An electrical study

In this report we show that the application of a large voltage and current stress can significantly change the barrier height of a given metal (Ag,Al,Au,Pd,Cr)/GaAs(110) contact. These changes of barrier height depend on the metal used, the method of fabrication of the diode (air exposed or UHV cleaved), and the intensity and direction of the potential and current during the electrical aging. In particular, the air‐exposed Ag diodes exhibit the largest change in the barrier height (∼85 meV) upon aging, while the UHV‐cleaved Ag diodes do not exhibit a significant change. In the case of Au, both UHV‐cleaved and air‐exposed diodes show a small change (∼20 meV). The barrier heights of Pd, Al, and Cr air‐exposed diodes do not exhibit an appreciable change upon aging (i.e., <10 meV). The changes in barrier height are found to have a very consistent and characteristic logarithmic dependence upon time. Once the electrical aging is stopped, the barrier height is found to recover to near the unaged value. The long time constant of the aging process, the ability of the barrier height to recover after aging, the long time constant of the recovery process, and the acceleration of the recovery process by illumination suggest that the changes in the barrier height which occur upon electrical aging are due to the creation and/or annihilation of deep level traps near the interface. We also report a systematic study of a comparison of barrier height determinations for Ag, Al, Au, Cr, and Pd diodes formed on air‐exposed and UHV‐cleaved GaAs(110) surfaces.
Evaluation of Fuel Preparation Systems for Lean Premixing-Prevaporizing Combustors

A series of experiments was carried out in order to produce design data for a premixing prevaporizing fuel-air mixture preparation system for aircraft gas turbine engine combustors. The fuel-air mixture uniformity of four different system design concepts was evaluated over a range of conditions representing the cruise operation of a modern commercial turbofan engine. Operating conditions including pressure, temperature, fuel-to-air ratio, and velocity, exhibited no clear effect on mixture uniformity of systems using pressure-atomizing fuel nozzles and large-scale mixing devices. However, the performance of systems using atomizing fuel nozzles and large-scale mixing devices was found to be sensitive to operating conditions. Variations in system design variables were also evaluated and correlated. Mixing uniformity was found to improve with system length, pressure drop, and the number of fuel injection points per unit area. A premixing system capable of providing mixing uniformity to within 15 percent over a typical range of cruise operating conditions is demonstrated.
Implementing a shared-care approach to improve the management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may present to internists, rheumatologists, cardiologists, or pulmonologists. This breadth of clinicians who encounter PAH patients, together with the complicated nature of PAH as a disease entity, argues for a shared-care approach to the management of these patients. This review describes the contributions of several key specialties to PAH management and outlines the collaborative PAH management model in place at our institution.
ProbID: A probabilistic algorithm to identify peptides through sequence database searching using tandem mass spectral data

With the recent quick expansion of DNA and protein sequence databases, intensive efforts are underway to interpret the linear genetic information of DNA in terms of function, structure, and control of biological processes. The systematic identification and quantification of expressed proteins has proven particularly powerful in this regard. Large-scale protein identification is usually achieved by automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of complex peptide mixtures and sequence database searching of the resulting spectra [Aebersold and Goodlett, Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 269-295]. As generating large numbers of sequence-specific mass spectra (collision-induced dissociation/CID) spectra has become a routine operation, research has shifted from the generation of sequence database search results to their validation. Here we describe in detail a novel probabilistic model and score function that ranks the quality of the match between tandem mass spectral data and a peptide sequence in a database. We document the performance of the algorithm on a reference data set and in comparison with another sequence database search tool. The software is publicly available for use and evaluation at http://www.systemsbiology.org/research/ software/proteomics/ProbID.
New Horizons of Translational Research and Research Translation in Social Work.

There has been an increasing focus on the process of translating research into practice in all fields of health and social services. This focus has shed considerable light on the potential for soci...
Exit manifolds for lattice differential equations

We study the weak interaction between a pair of well-separated coherent structures in possibly non-local lattice differential equations. In particular, we prove that if a lattice differential equation in one space dimension has asymptotically stable (in the sense of a paper by Chow et al.) travelling-wave solutions whose profiles approach limiting equilibria exponentially fast, then the system admits solutions which are nearly the linear superposition of two such travelling waves moving in opposite directions away from one another. Moreover, such solutions are themselves asymptotically stable. This result is meant to complement analytic or numeric studies into interactions of such pulses over finite times which might result in the scenario treated here. Since the travelling waves are moving in opposite directions, these solutions are not shift-periodic and hence the framework of Chow et al .d oes not apply. We overcome this difficulty by embedding the original system in a larger one wherein the linear part can be written as a shift-periodic piece plus another piece which, although it is non-autonomous and large, has certain properties which allow us to treat it as if it were a small perturbation.
Color recovery: millions of colors from an 8-bit graphics device

A method to produce true color images from a typical low cost 8-bit frame buffer is discussed. This method, called Color Recovery, is a two part process. The first part of the process is to sample true color data generated by an application in order to reduce 24-bit color to 8 bits for storage in the frame buffer. The second part of the process is to use specialized digital signal processing logic to reconstruct the true color image from the 8-bit frame buffer. This part of the process is preformed as the data is being scanned from the frame buffer to the display.
Treatment of deep cerebral venous thrombosis by local infusion of tissue plasminogen activator

BACKGROUND Treatment of extensive intracranial venous sinus thrombosis with thrombolytic drugs is described, although the indications for and most efficacious technique for achieving thrombolysis remain uncertain. We report the successful lysis of superficial and deep venous system thrombosis by infusion of recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) into the anterior superior sagittal sinus. CASE DESCRIPTION A 34-year-old man presented with headaches followed by decreased level of consciousness and left hemiplegia. Angiography showed thrombosis of the superior sagittal and both transverse and straight sinuses with extension into the internal cerebral veins. The superior sagittal sinus was catheterized via a transfemoral route and rt-PA, 25 mg, was infused. There was no significant change in the thrombosis. The catheter was left in place and rt-PA was infused at 1 mg/minute for 19 hours. Repeat angiography showed resolution of the thrombosis. The patient was placed on heparin and then coumadin. He recovered completely. CONCLUSIONS This report suggests that superselective infusion of thrombolytics into thrombosed intracranial venous sinuses can lyse intracranial venous sinus thrombosis. The thrombolytic agent must be infused for hours. The apparent successful lysis of clot in the deep venous system when infusion was into the superior sagittal sinus might be related to diffusion of rt-PA throughout the intracranial venous system or to improved venous outflow caused by lysis of clot in superficial dural sinuses.
Fiber Technologies for Terawatt Lasers

Terawatt and petawatt laser systems have substantially different requirements for fiber optic technologies than those of conventional telecommunications systems. Specialty fiber-based solutions have been developed to meet the stringent requirements of these diverse applications.
Hospital-based emergency department visits with herpetic gingivostomatitis in the United States

Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the number of hospital emergency department (ED) visits with a diagnosis of herpetic gingivostomatitis (HGS) for 2007 in the United States and to identify the possible comorbid conditions associated with HGS. Study Design The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2007 was used in this study. Patients who visited the ED with a diagnosis of HGS were selected. Estimates were projected to the national levels using the discharge weights. Presence of comorbid conditions in these patients was also analyzed. Results A total of 23,124 patients had ED visits and received the diagnosis of HGS. Most of the patients were young females and those belonging to the lower socioeconomic strata. All patients with HGS also presented with comorbid conditions. Conclusions Physicians should be trained to diagnose, manage, and refer common dental emergencies. In the long term, improving access to dental care for these patients is crucial to managing this problem.
The Effect of Retirement on Weight

Objectives. People who are close to retirement age show the highest rates of weight gain and obesity. We inves- tigate the effect of retirement on the change in body mass index (BMI) in diverse groups varying by wealth status and occupation type. Methods. Six panels of the Health and Retirement Study (1992 - 2002) on individuals aged 50 - 71 were used ( N = 37,807). We used fi xed-effects regression models with instrumental variables method to estimate the causal effect of retirement on change in the BMI. Results. Retirement leads to modest weight gain, 0.24 BMI on average. Weight gain with retirement was found among people who were already overweight and those with lower wealth retiring from physically demanding occupations. The cumulative effect of aging among people in their 50s, however, outweighs the effect of retirement; the average BMI gain between ages 50 and 60 is 1.30, 5 times the effect of retirement. Conclusions. Given the increasing number of people approaching retirement age, the population level impact of the weight gain ascribed to retirement on health outcomes and health care system might be signifi cant. Future research should evaluate programs targeted to older adults who are most likely to gain weight with retirement.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis with a 48 d.o.f. curved thin shell element

The developments of an existing 48 degrees-of-freedom (d.o.f.), curved, quadrilateral, thin shell element, for materially and geometrically nonlinear static analysis of shell structures, are extended for the study of dynamic responses of nonlinear shells. The variable-order polynomial representations of the shell surface and the non-axisymmetric definition of the shell boundaries allow the study of the dynamic behaviour of a class of shell structures more general than those treated by using flat plate elements and elements with assumptions of axisymmetry. The equations of motion are based on a Lagrangian frame of reference. A combination of step-by-step and iterative procedures is used for the solution of nonlinear equations. The incremental equations of motion are linearized for computation purposes, and an algorithm for numerical integration based on Newmark's generalized operator for dynamic analysis, using optional iteration, is adopted. The flow theory of plasticity is used in the inelastic range, and perfectly plastic or isotropic strain hardening materials are considered. The spread of plastic zones in the thickness direction is treated by using a layered model. Numerical examples presented include the dynamic analyses of a square plate, a circular annulus, a cylindrical panel and a spherical cap. Comparisons with existing solutions demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the present developments.
Useful Knowledge for Social Work Practice

Social workers have a long-standing interest in the relation of knowledge and practice. Both the tasks of practice and the knowledge used to accomplish these tasks are defining characteristics of any profession. They are the basis by which professions differentiate themselves from one another and the means by which they legitimate their activities to the larger society and culture. Theorists and researchers of knowledge utilization have identified it as having both conceptual and instrumental aspects. To better understand knowledge utilization in the field of social work, a group of social work practitioners were asked to reflect on the utility of various types of formal information and knowledge and sources of that knowledge. Practitioner respondents expressed appreciation for theoretical knowledge, but gave highest utility ratings to knowledge that helps them solve problems they confront every day in practice, i.e., information about a social problem or information about the effectiveness of a particular social work intervention. Younger practitioners were more enthusiastic than older practitioners about the utility of formal knowledge.
Training in virtual environments: analysis of task appropriateness

Because of its ability to furnish complex interactive visual and auditory stimuli, virtual reality has been lauded as a wonder tool for training. Surprisingly, very few articles have been published which critically examine these claims, or which even empirically examine them. The studies which have empirically looked at virtual reality training have produced conflicting results. Just as in any training situation, the tasks to be trained must be decomposed into their component cognitive, perceptual and motor demands, and these demands must be met in the training environment. In short, to create an effective training environment, one must match up the capabilities of the training environment with the demands of the actual task. Virtual environments (VEs) are currently very weak at haptic displays, kinesthetic feedback and vestibular feedback. VEs are strongest in visual information display and head motion feedback. The tasks which are most likely to benefit from training in a virtual environment are tasks which heavily depend on visual information for success. Attempting to train a manual placement task, a task whose performance relies as much on haptic and kinesthetic feedback as on fine visual feedback, will not work. On the other hand, training for a visuospatial perception task matches up well with the characteristics of current VE systems. Tasks such as inspection tasks and navigation tasks take advantage of VEs' strengths for training purposes. To test this logic, we trained a navigation task using a VE.
Reliability of hospital readmission rates in vascular surgery

Objective The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently began assessing financial penalties to hospitals with high readmission rates for a narrow set of medical conditions. Because these penalties will be extended to surgical conditions in the near future, we sought to determine whether readmissions are a reliable predictor of hospital performance with vascular surgery. Methods We examined 4 years of national Medicare claims data from 1576 hospitals on beneficiaries undergoing three common vascular procedures: open or endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (n = 81,520) or lower extremity arterial bypass (n = 57,190). First, we divided our population into two groups on the basis of operative date (2005-2006 and 2007-2008) and generated hospital risk- and reliability-adjusted readmission rates for each time period. We evaluated reliability through the use of the "test-retest" method; highly reliable measures will show little variation in rates over time. Specifically, we evaluated the year-to-year reliability of readmissions by calculating Spearman rank correlation and weighted κ tests for readmission rates between the two time periods. Results The Spearman coefficient between 2005-2006 readmissions rankings and 2007-2008 readmissions rankings was 0.57 ( P P Conclusions Risk-adjusted readmission rates for vascular surgery vary substantially year to year; this implies that much of the observed variation in readmission rates is either random or caused by unmeasured factors and not caused by changes in hospital quality that may be captured by administrative data.
Compiler Techniques for Efficient Communications in Circuit Switched Networks for Multiprocessor Systems

In this paper we explore compiler techniques for achieving efficient communications on circuit switching interconnection networks. We propose a compilation framework for identifying communication patterns and compiling these patterns as network configuration directives. This has the potential of providing significant performance benefits when connections can be established in the network prior to the actual communications. The framework includes a flexible and powerful communication pattern representation scheme that captures the property of communication patterns and allows manipulation of these patterns. In this way, communication phases can be identified within the application. Additionally, we extend the classification of static and dynamic communications to include persistent communications. Persistent communications are a subclass of dynamic communications that remain unchanged for large segments of the application execution. An experimental compiler has been developed to implement the framework. This compiler is capable of detecting both static and persistent communications within an application. We show that for the NAS Parallel Benchmarks, 100% of the point-to-point communications can be classified as either static or persistent and 100% of the collectives are either static or persistent with the exception of IS. Simulation-based performance analysis demonstrates the benefit of using our compiler techniques for achieving efficient communications in multiprocessor systems.
A novel approach to automated, secure, reliable, & distributed backup of mer tactical data on clouds

In 2010, Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Project became the first NASA mission to incorporate a public cloud into its daily mission-critical operations. Since then, the operators and scientists have experienced 100% availability on tactical plan saves, searches, and retrieval. MER has also pushed tactical data onto lower cost storage systems in the cloud environments, which continue to deliver cost savings, durability, and reliability. Our architecture, designed for high availability and graceful degradation, has raised the confidence in cloud computing. The next step in MER's journey to realize benefits from cloud computing is to incorporate next generation storage solutions into data backup and retention strategy. The Operations Storage System (OSS) on MER currently contains 21 TB of data, which includes both uplink and downlink data. The data is currently backed up on secondary and tertiary devices internally, with some geographical redundancy by keeping snapshots in Simi Valley, less than a hundred miles away from JPL. Storage solutions offered as cloud services include high availability, geographical redundancy, extensive durability, as well as fine grained access control mechanisms. Through novel encryption techniques, data are uploaded without ever introducing the key into the cloud environment. We discuss our approach to optimize the various parameters, minimum requirements, and the challenges we faced during implementation and deployment. Our current design backs up data on S3 (Simple Storage Service). We evaluate the implications of our design, development costs, and the realized savings for the mission. We share performance and data retention benchmarks, and we conclude with an outlook on applicability of our process and application on other missions.
Replicability, Confidence, and Priors:

All commentaries concern priors. In this issue of Psychological Science, Cumming graphically demonstrates the implications of our ignorance of δ. Doros and Geier found mistakes in my argument and provide the Bayesian account. Macdonald notes that my program is like Fisher’s, Fisher’s is like the Bayesians’, and the Bayesians’ is incoherent. These Commentaries strengthen the foundation while leaving all conclusions intact.
Conservative treatment planning in veneer replacement

This clinical report describes a conservative treatment in veneer replacement where diastemas, malalignment, and midline shift were the main modifying factors. When replacement veneers are indicated, the definitive results can only be accurately predicted after an esthetic reanalysis of the existing restorations.
Conniosseur's Choice: Carletonite, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada

If you have trouble keeping up with the changes in mineral nomenclature, you will be able to commiserate with the petrographer. (Petrography is the branch of petrology that concerns the detailed st...
Systematics of the Genus Nadleria (Psocoptera: Lachesillidae) with Description of a New Species and Hypotheses on Evolution of Male External Genitalia in the Family Lachesillidae

Nadleria gamma sp. nov. is described from both sexes and compared to previously described species. A key to species and notes on N. alpha Badonnel and Garcia Aldrete are presented. The view that Nadleria is a sister taxon to Lachesilla is confirmed with male characters. Male external genitalic structures include a Y-shaped phallosomal apodeme, claspers on the hypandrium with the distal portion of each consisting of a simple, posteriorly directed process, a hook-shaped prong on the median margin of each paraproct, and an asymmetrical median process of the epiproct. All of these structures are also seen in Lachesilla species of the pedicularia group. On that account, these structures are interpreted as plesiomorphous for Lachesilla . Assuming monophyly for Lachesilla , departures in that genus from the hypothetical plesiomorphous male genitalic states may be viewed as apomorphies.