cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF MICROTUBULE INHIBITORS ON PRONUCLEAR MIGRATION AND EMBRYOGENESIS IN FUCUS DISTICHUS(PHAEOPHYTA)1

Pronuclear migration in Fucus distichus spp. edentatus (de la Pyl.) Powell is blocked by incubation of fertilized eggs in colchicine (1 mg/ml) and Nocodazole (2 μg/ ml). Rhizoids form prior to decondensation of the sperm chromatin in eggs in which pronuclear fusion is blocked. This occurs during continuous colchicine incubation as well as in eggs recovering from a short treatment with either drug following fertilization. During recovery of the cells, the sperm and egg chromosomes condense, and the sperm chromosomes migrate toward the egg pronucleus. The delay in migration following removal of colchicine is as much as 24 h and is even slower following removal of Nocodazole. The egg chromosomes form a metaphase plate in treated cells while the sperm chromosomes are still distant in the cytoplasm. This suggests that egg centrioles are important in the mitotic division of the zygote, not sperm centrioles. The effect of colchicine treatment on the mitotic plane and cytokinesis is also discussed.
Secondary nucleation of two fast growth systems in a mixed suspension crystallizer: Magnesium sulfate and citric acid water systems

Secondary nucleation of magnesium sulfate and citric acid was studied in a seeded back mixed crystallizer. The MSMPR type of exponential population density distribution was obtained above 8 μm size in quasi steady state operation. Growth rates were satisfactorily correlated with supersaturation. Nucleation rates correlated with supersaturation and slurry properties. Agitation level (RPM) did not have any significant effect on the nucleation rates, presumably implying surface regeneration limited nucleation.
Algal photosynthetic membrane complexes and the photosynthesis-irradiance curve: a comparison of light-adaptation responses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was grown at photon flux densities (PFDs) ranging from 47 to 400 μE.m-2 s-1. The total cellular content of chlorophyll (Chl) was twice as high in the low light (LL) versus high light (HL) grown cells. On an equal Chl basis, photosystem II (PSII) and cytochrome f (Cyt f) content was higher in HL cells, but photosystem I (PSI) concentration displayed little variation with the light intensity during cell growth. Consequently, there was a shift in the ratio of PSII / PSI and Cyt / PSI from near unity in LL cells to greater than two in HL cells. The functional Chl antenna size of PSII and PSI ranged from 460 and 170 Chl (a + b)in HL-grown cells to 620 and 370 Chl (a+ b)in LL-grown cells, respectively. The initial slope of the Chl-specific photosyn-thesis-irradiance (P-I) curve was similar in LL- and HL-grown cells, but the light saturated rate of photosynthesis was lower under LL. The response to low light was beneficial at the cellular level, since there was an enhancement of photosynthesis in LL. The PFD for the onset of light saturation, 1 was a factor of 2 lower in LL- relative to HL-grown photosythetic membranes. Since growth PFD varied by a factor of ten, photosynthesis shifted from being light-limited in the LL regime to light-saturated in the HL regime. The requirement for balanced absorption of light by the two photosystems constrains the PSII / PSI ratio to near unity when growth is light-limited, but such a constraint does not apply in HL conditions. Instead the concentration of individual electron transport complexes way be related to the pool size necessary for maximum rates of steady-state electron transport. Thus the stoichiometry of electron transport complexes changes in response to growth PFD and this change is correlated with the response flexlbility of algal photosynthesis in diverse light environments.
Stimulation of Detoxification of O-Ethyl O-(4-Nitrophenyl) Phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) by Nikethamide and Phenobarbital.

SummaryAdministration of nikethamide or phenobarbital to rats increases the rate of degradation of the organophosphorus insecticide, EPN, by a microsomal oxidase system in the liver. Induction of the activity of this system by nikethamide provides a possible explanation for the previously demonstrated ability of this drug to decrease the susceptibility of animals to the acute toxicity of EPN. In the present study there was good correlation between the extent of increase in activity of the detoxification enzyme system by nikethamide and phenobarbital and the ability of these compounds to reduce the acute toxicity of EPN to rats with phenobarbital being superior to nikethamide in both respects. It appears that the microsomal enzyme system that catalyzes the degradation of EPN to p-nitrophenol provides a practical means of testing various chemical agents for ability to induce synthesis of microsomal enzyme activity.
The use of monoamine pharmacological agents in the treatment of sexual dysfunction: evidence in the literature.

ABSTRACT Introduction The monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine play an important role in many medical and psychological conditions, including sexual responsiveness and behavior. Pharmacological agents that modulate monoamines may help alleviate sexual dysfunction. Aims To provide an overview of pharmacological agents that modulate monoamines and their use in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Methods EMBASE and PubMed search for articles published between 1950 and 2010 using key words “sexual dysfunction,”“monoamines,”“monoaminergic receptors,” and “generic names for pharmacological agents.” Main Outcome Measures To assess the literature evaluating the efficacy of monoamine pharmacologic agents used in the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Results The literature primarily cites the use of monoaminergic agents to treat sexual side effects from serotonergic reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), with bupropion, buspirone and ropinirole providing the most convincing evidence. Controlled trials have shown that bupropion improves overall sexual dysfunction, but not frequency of sexual activity in depressed and nondepressed patients. Nefazodone and apomorphine have been used to treat sexual dysfunction, but their use is limited by significant side effect and safety profiles. New research on pharmacologic agents with subtype selectivity at dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors and those that possess dual mechanisms of action are being investigated. Conclusions There has been tremendous progress over the past 50 years in understanding the role of monoamines in sexual function and the effect of pharmacologic agents which stimulate or antagonize monoaminergic receptors on sexual dysfunction. Nevertheless, large, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of currently available agents in populations without comorbid disorders are limited, preventing adequate interpretation of data. Continued research on sexual function and specific receptor subtypes will result in the development of more selective pharmacologic agents with the goal of increasing efficacy without the dose‐limiting side effects of nonselective agents. Moll JL and Brown CS. Treatment of sexual dysfunction: Evidence in the literature.
A modification of Cajal's gold-sublimate method for tissue fixed in formalin.

A modification of Cajal's astrocyte stain was developed and carefully standardized, specially for material with prolonged formalin fixation. The modification consists of changes in the composition of the staining solution and procedure: Chloroauric acid is used instead of the brown gold chloride recommended byCajal. Prolonged washing in running water is performed to reverse the combination of astrocyte proteins with formaldehyde and to remove fixation acidic prodcuts which may interfere with the staining reaction.
Growth limitation in young Euphausia superba under field conditions

Growth rates of late furcilia and juvenile Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba Dana) in the spring and summer were related to food quantity and quality. The 4 yr covered by this study (1991–1992, 1993–1994, 1994–1995, and 1995–1996) were part of the seasonal time series of the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research program. Chlorophyll a concentrations represented food quantity, and accessory photosynthetic pigments represented phytoplank-ton community composition or food quality. Instantaneous growth rates reflected the in situ nutritional history of the previous intermolt period. The response of krill to the food environment was seen on temporal scales of days to weeks. Percent growth per intermolt period (percentage growth IMP−1 ( varied significantly both within and between years, ranging from ∼2 to 10% IMP−1. Percent growth IMP−1 increased with increasing chlorophyll a (Chl a), reaching a maximum of 9.3% IMP−1 above a critical concentration of about 3.5 mg m 23 . Maximum growth was reached in only 2 yr, 1991–1992 and 1995–1996. In a multiple regression analysis, total Chl a and prymnesiophyte-Chl a explained over 71% of the temporal variance in growth. In general, highest growth was found toward the end of diatom blooms and lowest during periods of low phytoplankton biomass or blooms dominated by cryptophytes and prymnesiophytes. The results of this study support the hypothesis that maximum growth rates are only possible during diatom blooms and that production in Antarctic krill is limited by both food quantity and quality.
Solving Problems in the Electrical Energization of Electrostatic Precipitators

Achieving and maintaining continuous, reliable performance in electrostatic precipitators depends critically upon the proper design, application, operation, and maintenance of the high voltage electrical energization system. Common problems among these factors are discussed, and effects on performance are illustrated from field experience. Practical recommendations for solving problems and for preventing their occurrence in the electrical aspects of precipitation are presented for effective use by designers, operators, and maintenance personnel.
Correlation Migration Using Gaussian Beams of Scattered Teleseismic Body Waves

Correlation migration for structural imaging using Gaussian beams is described for the inversion of passively recorded teleseismic waves. Gaussian beam migration is based on an overcomplete frame-based representation of the seismic wave field and uses localized slant-stack windows of the data. Paraxial Gaussian beams are then utilized for the backpropagation of the seismic waves into the me- dium. The method can provide stable imaging of seismic data in smoothly varying background media where caustics and triplicated arrivals exist. We develop Gaussian beam migration for structural imaging, which allows for incident teleseismic waves from beneath the structure, using directly scattered or surface-reflected phases. The method is applied to synthetic data computed for a collisional-zone model, and the inversions show that the Gaussian beam migration can image structure using passive teleseismic data. The method is next applied to synthetic data that have been con- volved with an observed pulse from the 1993 Cascadia experiment. The autocorre- lation is computed and the autocorrelated data are migrated by using Gausian beams for direct P-to-S scattered waves and surface-reflected waves. Although the migra- tions of the autocorrelation data with the source pulse included have more noise than the migrations of the impulsive source data, the subduction zone structure can still be clearly identified in the migrated results without removal of the source pulses.
UNDERSTANDING WOMEN'S ANGER: A DESCRIPTION OF RELATIONAL PATTERNS

Sixty women's narratives about their anger were coded for elements of anger expression. Their decisions regarding how and where to express anger are most strongly influenced by the anticipated reactions of others. Six patterns of bringing anger into relationships or keeping it out were identified. Women bring anger into relationship: (1) positively and directly, with the goal of removing barriers to relationship; (2) aggressively, with the goal of hurting another; and (3) indirectly, through disguising anger with the goal of remaining safe from interpersonal consequences, using strategies of (a) quiet sabotage, (b) hostile distance, (c) deflection, and (d) loss of control. Women keep anger out of relationship (1) consciously and constructively, choosing to express it in positive ways; (2) explosively expressing anger, but not in the presence of another; and (3) through self-silencing, which ranges from conscious to less-conscious awareness of anger and its suppression. Implications of differing patterns for women's health are discussed.
Current-induced breakdown of carbon nanofibers for interconnect applications

Current-induced breakdown phenomena of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for future on-chip interconnect applications are presented. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques are developed to study the structural damage by current stress, including in situ electrical measurement with STEM, and sample-preparation-free STEM imaging. The analysis shows that the breakdown occurs along graphitic layers comprising the CNF and that the maximum current density has strong correlation with electrical resistivity. The effect of heat dissipation into the underlying substrate is also studied using different experimental configurations.
A modeling method by eliminating execution traces for performance evaluation

This paper describes a system-level modeling method in UML for performance evaluation of embedded systems. The core technology of this modeling method is reverse modeling based on dynamic analysis. A case study of real MFPs (multifunction peripherals/printers) is presented in this paper to evaluate the modeling method.
Measurement Facility for New Acceleration Techniques

Interest in developing new, high gradient acceleration techniques is growing rapidly.1,2 Experimental investigation of new concepts, however, lags noticeably behind the ideas. To a large extent this situation arises simply because the very specialized beams and diagnostics required to make the necessary measurements are not available. A facility is being constructed at ANL which will permit the direct measurement of wake fields for a variety of experimental conditions. A single, short bunch of 22 MeV electrons from an existing linac is manipulated to form two separate pulses which can be set to specified time and space separations. Normally, the leading pulse will be an intense, full energy pulse of a few times 1010 electrons less than 10 psec in length. The trailing "witness" pulse will be at roughly 3/4 the energy of the leading pulse, will contain fewer electrons, and will have the same pulse length as the leading "driver" pulse. Energy gain/loss and deflections of each pulse will be measured after the bunch doublet has passed through the wake structure under test. Design specifications and project status are presented. The facility will provide a continuous 800 Hz sequence of two beams with adjustable intensity, pulse shape, and separation between pulses. Pulse widths can be selected from 100 picoseconds down to 6 picoseconds, and pulse separation from 0 to over 2000 picoseconds. A well-instrumented spectrometer situated downstream of the test section will permit accurate analysis of beam energies and trajectories.
Police-Advocacy Partnerships in Response to Domestic Violence

Police–social service second responder programs like the Domestic Violence Home Visit Intervention (DVHVI; Berkman, Stover, & Marans, 2006) have been developed in multiple cities around the country in an attempt to reduce recidivism following an initial report of intimate partner violence to police. Although data do not support impact of these programs on repeat violence, they do serve important functions. Surveys with victims in this study of the DVHVI reveal that victims feel safer and have increased comfort with police and result in more accurate reporting of repeat violence to police when incidents do occur. Victims feel the police and other service providers in the community are concerned about their well-being and are available to assist them. This kind of coordinated second responder outreach is particularly helpful for Hispanic, Spanish-speaking victims when they are served by Spanish-speaking second responder teams. How to build on these findings and enhance second responder programs is an import...
The impact of the changing health care environment on the health and well-being of faculty at four medical schools.

Purpose Increased pressure for clinical and research productivity and decreased control over the work environment have been reported to have adverse impacts on academic faculty in limited studies. The authors examined whether work-related stressors in academic medicine negatively affected the physical and mental health, as well as life and job satisfaction, of academic medical school faculty. Method A 136-item self-administered anonymous questionnaire modified from a small 1984 study was distributed to 3,519 academic faculty at four U.S. medical schools following institutional review board approval at each school. Validated scales measuring depression, anxiety, work strain, and job and life satisfaction; a checklist of common physical and mental health symptoms; and questions about the impact of institutional financial stability, colleague attrition, and other work-related perceptions were used. Responses were analyzed by sex, academic rank, age, marital status, faculty discipline, and medical school. Results Responses were received from 1,951 fulltime academic physicians and basic science faculty, a 54.3% response rate. Twenty percent of faculty, almost equal by sex, had significant levels of depressive symptoms, with higher levels in younger faculty. Perception of financial instability was associated with greater levels of work strain, depression, and anxiety. Significant numbers of faculty acknowledged that work-related strain negatively affected their mental health and job satisfaction, but not life satisfaction or physical health. Specialties were differentially affected. Conclusions High levels of depression, anxiety, and job dissatisfaction—especially in younger faculty—raise concerns about the wellbeing of academic faculty and its impact on trainees and patient care. Increased awareness of these stressors should guide faculty support and development programs to ensure productive, stable faculty.
Controlling enzymatic action in living cells with a kinase-inducible bimolecular switch.

Molecular probes designed to monitor or perturb signaling events in living cells rely on engineered molecular switches. Here, we show that a kinase-inducible bimolecular switch comprising a kinase-specific substrate and a phosphoamino acid binding domain can be used for acute regulation of cellular events. As a proof of concept, we employed a Protein Kinase A (PKA)-dependent switch and coupled it to a lipid phosphatase to manipulate the level of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) in living cells. PKA activation results in rapid degradation of PI(4,5)P2. Conversely, when PKA is inhibited, dephosphorylation of the switch leads to the replenishment of PI(4,5)P2. Thus, this strategy can be used for reversibly controlling enzymatic action in living cells. Furthermore, its genetic encodability and modular design should facilitate the adaptation of this approach to control different cellular activities as a function of phosphorylation-dependent input signals, thereby providing versatile tools for ...
Two-Dimensional Organization of Single Crystal ZnO Nanopillars

Periodically ordered ZnO nanopillar arrays were fabricated by a combination of soft templates created by e-beam lithography and an electrochemical process. Growth at 90 °C in an aqueous solution ensured compatibility with the polymethyl methacrylate used as a template material. We demonstrate that individual ZnO nanopillars with diameters around 100 nm can be precisely placed in desired locations to form two-dimensional periodic structures. This approach provides a new method for design and fabrication of ZnO photonic materials. The process is compatible with standard microfabrication techniques and may have potential applications in the manufacture of photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Pond age and riparian zone proximity influence anuran occupancy of urban retention ponds

Urbanization is widespread throughout the United States and negatively affects many wildlife populations. However, certain urban features, such as retention ponds, may provide habitat for some species, such as amphibians. This study examines the influence of riparian zone proximity and pond age on retention pond occupancy by anurans. We identified and estimated the age of 25 retention ponds near Charlotte, North Carolina, USA and used a geographic information system to determine the distance to the nearest riparian zone. Occupancy modeling indicated that anuran presence decreased with increasing distance to riparian zone. Pond age also appeared to be an important factor, but the effect varied among species. Although the results of this study demonstrate the potential value of retention ponds to anurans, it is important to be conservative in estimating the ability of these ponds to sustain amphibian populations in urbanized regions.
3-D ANALYSIS OF LASER MEASUREMENTS OF VORTEX BURSTING ON A CHINED FOREBODY FIGHTER CONFIGURATION

The most promising approach for enhanced dynamic control of fighter aircraft at high angle of attack is the use of properly placed blowing pneumatic jets in the nose region of the forebody which alters the bistable nature of the asymmetrical development of the vortical separations. This would allow controlled side force and yawing moments to be activated by the variation of the jet momentum. The activation of pneumatics offers quick time response and is superior to the movement of conventional control surfaces which has an inherent inertial lag. The difficult decision is to determine what configuration, i.e., axisymmetric jet , two-dimensional jet, or variation of jet exit boundary conditions including pulsed jet or jet with circulation, will enhance or amplify the favorable jet/vortical interaction with the local aerodynamic surfaces. The main body of this paper examines the physics of vortex breakdown to shed some light on possible blowing schemes that would have the greatest impact on this problem. From the analysis of experimental three-dimensional laser velocimeter data of a vortex burst condition on a generic fighter configuration, a criteria for vortex breakdown has been formulated in terms of the local vortex flow variables which delineates between the onset of vortex burst and spiral instability. The Rosby parameter set, which governs stability, can be influenced by a jet which maximizes entrainment and imparts axial momentum to the outer helical streamlines of the vortex flow.
Constructing Threats and Opportunities After 9/11:

President Bush war on terror emphasized domestic surveillance, enhanced police powers, and military adventures abroad, and virtually all political debates focused on the administration’s initiatives. This was not inevitable. An alternative response to the threat of terrorism could include, for example, expanded funding for language instruction and comparative religion in American schools, improved training for first responders in medical emergencies, and an overhaul of the health care system to provide rapid responses to crises. Critics of the Administration's war on terror, however, were reluctant or unable to frame 9/11 to support alternative preferred policies. In contrast, during the Cold War, advocates used fear of Communism and the Soviet Union to build support for alternative domestic policies, including civil rights and social investment. By rejecting completely the premises of the war on terror, critics may have missed an opportunity to advance broader political agendas.
An application of computer simulation to improve scheduling of hospital operating room facilities in the United States

Many strategic and operational decisions have been enhanced through the utilisation of computer simulation modelling. Computer simulation can be used to model and analyse a wide variety of real–world problems that cannot be successfully approached by other types of management science/operations research techniques. Simulation is therefore considered an important and valuable tool in the decision–making process. In the present study, an application of computer simulation was employed for improving scheduling in a hospital operating room facility in an 800–bed medical centre in the southeastern United States. Using a simulation model, three alternative block schedules were compared against the scheduling procedure in use, which prioritised cases based on source (waiting list, elective and emergency) and used a first come/first–serve scheduling heuristic for the facility. Performance comparisons of the schedules were made on the basis of throughput, average waiting time, the distribution of waiting times, queue characteristics,and facility utilisation. In addition, the cost effectiveness and capacity utilisation of the alternative schedules were evaluated. Results indicated that by increasing the scheduling horizon and considering day–to–day seasonality in demand by case type, the facility can improve its efficiency and cost effectiveness while also improving the level of service provided.
THE UNSTABLE KNEE: WOBBLE AND BUCKLE

Instability after total knee replacement (TKR) accounts for 10% to 22% of revision procedures. All patients who present for evaluation of instability require a thorough history to be taken and physical examination, as well as appropriate imaging. Deep periprosthetic infection must be ruled out by laboratory testing and an aspiration of the knee must be carried out. The three main categories of instability include flexion instability, extension instability (symmetric and asymmetric), and genu recurvatum. Most recently, the aetiologies contributing to, and surgical manoeuvres required to correct, flexion instability have been elucidated. While implant design and patient-related factors may certainly contribute to the aetiology, surgical technique is also a significant factor in all forms of post-operative instability. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B(11 Suppl A):112–4.
The 100 Most Influential Articles in Cervical Spine Surgery

Study Design Literature review. Objective To identify and analyze the top 100 cited articles in cervical spine surgery. Methods The Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge was searched for citations of all articles relevant to cervical spine surgery. The number of citations, authorship, year of publication, journal of publication, country of publication, and institution were recorded for each article. Results The most cited article was the classic from 1991 by Vernon and Mior that described the Neck Disability Index. The second most cited was Smith's 1958 article describing the anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion procedure. The third most cited article was Hilibrand's 1999 publication evaluating the incidence, prevalence, and radiographic progression of symptomatic adjacent segment disease following anterior cervical arthrodesis. The majority of the articles originated in the United States (65), and most were published in Spine (39). Most articles were published in the 1990s (34), and the three most common topics were cervical fusion (17), surgical complications (9), and biomechanics (9), respectively. Author Abumi had four articles in the top 100 list, and authors Goffin, Panjabi, and Hadley had three each. The Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan, had five articles in the top 100 list. Conclusion This report identifies the top 100 articles in cervical spine surgery and acknowledges those individuals who have contributed the most to the advancement of the study of the cervical spine and the body of knowledge used to guide evidence-based clinical decision making in cervical spine surgery today.
Retrolental Fibroplasia: Surgical Therapy

The late stages in retrolental fibroplasia have been described by several authors from the clinical point of view. They have been classified as: Grade IV — Entailing vessel tortuosity in the posterior pole, equatorial retinal folds and partial detachment of the retina. Grade V — Total and organized retinal detachment with fibrovascular proliferation Since there is not a great deal to be found on the description of the pathogenic mechanism in the late stages of the disease, the different forms of retinopathy are to be classified according to their location and proliferative degree. The premature newborn eye shows mesenchymal tissue which develops in the shunt area posterior to the ora serrata. The tissue proliferates and gradually contracts, producing traction on the adjacent retina. The proliferation area can be differently located pre-equatorially, equatorially and post-equatorially, probably depending upon the time of oxygen exposure. The more premature the newborn, the more posteriorly is the shunt area located.
Central vagal activation by TRH induces gastric hyperemia: role of CGRP in capsaicin-sensitive afferents in rats

The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the vagal cholinergic-mediated increase in gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) induced by the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue RX-77368 injected intracisternally (ic, 30 ng) was investigated in urethan-anesthetized rats using the hydrogen gas clearance technique. alpha-CGRP (14 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) or bethanechol (150 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) infused close intra-arterially to the stomach or RX-77368 injected intracisternally increased GMBF by 76, 102, and 131%, respectively, 30 min after administration. The CGRP antagonist, human CGRP-(8-37) [hCGRP-(8-37)], injected intravenously (15 micrograms/kg bolus and 3 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) inhibited by 100, 97, and 73% the gastric hyperemic response to alpha-CGRP, TRH analogue, and bethanechol, respectively, whereas the substance P antagonist CP-96,345 (3 mg/kg iv) had no effect. In capsaicin-pretreated rats, hCGRP-(8-37) no longer blocked the increase in GMBF induced by intracisternal RX-77368. These results suggest that the gastric hyperemic response to central vagal activation induced by intracisternal TRH analogue at 30 ng is mediated by local effector function of capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibers releasing CGRP.
Computational modeling of plasmonic thin-film terahertz photoconductive antennas

This work presents a computational approach for investigating terahertz photoconductive antennas with enhanced performance via thin-film plasmonic electrode configurations. The commercially available finite element method solver COMSOL Multiphysics is implemented to solve Maxwell’s wave equations along with the coupled drift-diffusion/Poisson’s equations. The proposed approach is compared with other computational and experimental results from the literature, showing good agreement. A nanodisk array is deposited on top of a 120 nm LT-GaAs layer with the antenna electrodes located below the photoconductive layer. A femtosecond optical pump is utilized to excite the photoconductive antenna. The obtained results demonstrated significant increase in the conversion of optical energy to photocurrents as compared with conventional antennas and other plasmonic antennas from the literature. The proposed thin-film antenna with plasmonic nanostructures showed the greatest improvement in peak photocurrent—almost 336 times higher than the conventional antenna. Additionally, the thin-film antenna demonstrates a fast device response time even at a long carrier lifetime of 48 ps. The results support the capability of the proposed design to yield high optical-to-terahertz conversion efficiency, addressing the problem of low output power in terahertz photoconductive antennas.
Ligand-Directed Formation of Gold Tetrapod Nanostructures

Branched gold nanoparticles are synthesized via a soft-template-directed process using a biological buffer, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). These branched Au nanoparticles are mainly tetrapods and show distinct absorption in the range of 700–1000 nm. A combined experimental and computational study suggests that at high concentration, the HEPES molecules self-assemble into structures with long-range order serving as soft templates to direct the formation of the anisotropic gold nanoparticles. Detailed analyses of surface chemistry and structure indicate the formation of a molecular bilayer structure for the stabilization of the branched Au nanostructures. Our density-functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the sulfonate group of the HEPES molecules prefers to bind to the Au surfaces, while the free hydroxyl groups facilitate the self-assembly and bilayer formation through the formation of hydrogen bonds. By comparing three different buffer molecules, our study demonstr...
Sexuality of self-sterile strains of Glomerella graminicola.

The mating system in the ascomycete Glomerella graminicola is unlike that in heterothallic ascomycetes where mating is controlled by a single locus with two alternate specificities. G. graminicola has multiple mating types that are determined by more than one genetic locus. Crosses between a mel- anin-deficient (Mel-) strain and a wild type (Mel+) strain of G. graminicola produced both darkly pig- mented and lightly pigmented perithecia. In hetero- thallic ascomycetes, it is the ascogonial parent that produces the perithecial wall and the cytoplasm of the ascospores. Given the unusual nature of the mat- ing system in G. graminicola, it was important to test the hypothesis that perithecium color is an indicator of parentage in matings of this fungus. Although Mel4 and Mel- progeny were recovered from both types of perithecia, mitochondrial DNA RFLPs were correlated with the color of the perithecium from which the progeny were derived. Crosses involving the Mel- strain and a second Mel+ strain produced Mel+ and Mel- progeny, but only one type of mito- chondrial DNA which was like that of the Mel- par- ent, indicating that this Mel+ strain was female sterile. The putative female sterile strain, which displays nor- mal sensitivity to potassium chlorate (ChlS), was fur- ther examined by crossing it with a Mel+, female fer- tile, chlorate resistant (ChlR) strain. Among the prog- eny, the ChlR and ChlS phenotypes segregated 1:1 but only the type of mitochondrial DNA found in the ChlR parent was detected. These results indicate that sexual differentiation and cytoplasmic inheritance in matings of G. graminicola are like those processes in heterothallic fungi, in spite of the fundamental dif- ferences between the genetic mechanisms that reg- ulate mating specificity in these two groups.
Thermoplastic properties of coal at elevated pressures: 1. Evaluation of a high-pressure microdilatometer

Abstract Thermoplastic behaviour of a Pittsburgh seam hvA coal (PSOC1099) was characterized by the use of a high-pressure microdilatometer. Phenomena such as softening, swelling, final resolidification, and the temperatures at which they occur were measured as functions of heating rate (25 ° and 65 °C min −1 ), particle size (= 75 μ m and 250 × 425 μ m), gaseous atmosphere (N 2 , H 2 , CO H 2 ) and applied gas pressure (atmospheric to 2.8 M Pa). The results obtained illustrate several important aspects of thermoplastic properties of this coal under the conditions utilized. It is observed that pressure alone can play a major role in determining its overall thermoplastic behaviour. Compared to that at atmospheric pressure, swelling is significantly reduced at 2.8 MPa of pressure for any given heating rate or particle size. In these experiments, the chemical composition of the gaseous atmospheres ( CO H 2 , H 2 and N 2 ) does not appear to alter significantly the plastic phenomena at any given pressure. Increasing the heating rate or decreasing the particle size results in increased swelling at all applied pressures and atmospheres.
Asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with caregiver-reported speech disorders in US children.

BACKGROUND Children with asthma, hay fever, and food allergy may have several factors that increase their risk of speech disorder, including allergic inflammation, ADD/ADHD, and sleep disturbance. However, few studies have examined a relationship between asthma, allergic disease, and speech disorder. We sought to determine whether asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with speech disorder in children and whether disease severity, sleep disturbance, or ADD/ADHD modified such associations. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data on 337,285 children aged 2-17 years from 19 US population-based studies, including the 1997-2013 National Health Interview Survey and the 2003/4 and 2007/8 National Survey of Children's Health. RESULTS In multivariate models, controlling for age, demographic factors, healthcare utilization, and history of eczema, lifetime history of asthma (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.18 [1.04-1.34], p = 0.01), and one-year history of hay fever (1.44 [1.28-1.62], p < 0.0001) and food allergy (1.35 [1.13-1.62], p = 0.001) were associated with increased odds of speech disorder. Children with current (1.37 [1.15-1.59] p = 0.0003) but not past (p = 0.06) asthma had increased risk of speech disorder. In one study that assessed caregiver-reported asthma severity, mild (1.58 [1.20-2.08], p = 0.001) and moderate (2.99 [1.54-3.41], p < 0.0001) asthma were associated with increased odds of speech disorder; however, severe asthma was associated with the highest odds of speech disorder (5.70 [2.36-13.78], p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION Childhood asthma, hay fever, and food allergy are associated with increased risk of speech disorder. Future prospective studies are needed to characterize the associations.
Epidemic characteristics and countermeasures of infectious diseases among preschool-age children in Guangming new district,Shenzhen

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and tendency of infectious diseases among the preschool-age children in Guangming New district,Shenzhen,so as to put forward the countermeasures to them.Methods: Data on the prevalence of important infectious disease in Guangming New district,Shenzhen from 2006 to 2010 were collected and analyzed,SPSS 12 was used to analyze the time,place and population distribution of the infectious disease spectrum.Results: The dominated infectious disease among the preschool-age children was the category C infectious disease,and the number of cases was increasing year by year.The age of the cases was the asymmetrical distribution,and the peak age was 4.Summer and winter were two peaks of the seasonal distribution.Conclusion: Hand,foot and mouth disease and mumps were still two common infectious diseases among the preschool-age children.The main control measures to the non-vaccine controllable infectious diseases were still the morning inspection,quarantine,disinfection and health education.For the vaccine-controllable infectious diseases,strengthening the vaccination of age-appropriate children and buliding the necessary immune barrier were the effective control measures.
Intersectionality at the Intersection of Profiteering & Immigration Detention

This Article presents an original exploration of the connections between the corporatization of mass immigration detention, the societal and political pressures for stricter immigration law and policy, and the political and societal subordination of immigrants. In short, the social and political subordination of immigrants, who embody the marginalized identities of criminal, non-citizen and person of color, feed the profit-seeking carceral machine. To illuminate this practice, the Article uses as a case study the increased detention of mothers and children immigrants, who migrated to the United States in record numbers in 2014. This intersection between corporate profit models — immigration law and policy — and critical legal studies has not yet been fully explored in the scholarly literature. Upon setting a foundation regarding the history and constitutional underpinnings of immigrant detention and presenting a snapshot of the current state of detention, the Article then focuses on the corporatization of incarceration and immigration detention. Further, the profiteering — immigration detention intersection is placed within the context of subordination theory. Finally, the Article concludes by providing paths to legislative, regulatory reform and to modes of advocacy to disrupt the entrenched intersectional foundation.
Marketing automation: Lessons learnt so far …

Marketing departments have been faced with an explosion in the number of technology solutions on offer to support their activities. This article offers practical lessons on what to consider before and during the adoption of marketing automation solutions.
Factors Influencing Resident Choice of Prosthodontic Residency Program.

Purpose The decision by prosthodontic residency program directors to employ the Match process highlights the need to understand applicant priorities that influence their choice of which programs to rank highly. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that were most important to residents when choosing from among nonmilitary based prosthodontics dental residency programs in the United States. Materials and Methods Following completion of a pilot study, all currently enrolled prosthodontic residents at nonmilitary residency programs were invited to participate via the internet. The study consisted of a survey instrument asking residents to rank 26 possible factors that might impact an applicant's choice of residency program. In addition, the instrument collected other possible influencing variables including gender and debt load. Mean rank scores were compared to determine the most and least important factors. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare specific factors between the possible influencing variables. Results Two hundred and thirty residents completed the survey instrument, representing a 54.1% response rate of possible participants. With regard to factors influencing program choice, reputation of the residency program was the factor ranked the highest by participants, followed in descending order by the program director's personality, curriculum content, access to use of the latest digital technology, and opportunities for dental implant placement. Quality of schools for children, community outreach opportunities, and the ability to moonlight were ranked as the least important factors. Male and female residents ranked factors such as tuition/stipend, curriculum content, and community outreach opportunities significantly differently. Depending on debt load, residents ranked the factors tuition/stipend, ability to moonlight, curriculum content, and safety of the area where the program is differently. Conclusions Current prosthodontic residents valued the reputation of the program as the most important factor when applying to residency. Participant gender and debt load influence the factors chosen by residents as more or less important. These data will assist prosthodontic educators position their programs in the best possible light to attract applicants to their programs.
Influence of in-plane stress state on sliding contact fatigue damage of metallic surfaces

Abstract Current study investigates stress-dependent fatigue wear mechanism of pure copper surfaces in ambient environment. The stressed copper surface by a unique bending fixture is subjected to sliding motion of the atomic force microscope probe. Wear volumes are determined at different contact loads with variable bending stresses. Experimental results indicate that the surface damage is accelerated under compressive stresses and suppressed under tensile stresses with the similar contact pressures. A numerical model of fatigue stress intensity factor at the subsurface crack is proposed to explain the stress-dependent fatigue damage mechanism. The numerical study agreed compressive surface stress accelerates fatigue wear. Consequently, experimental and numerical studies on dry sliding contact damage concludes a significant dependence of the surface stress on ductile metal surface.
Whatever happened to the Golden Age of natural gas

Recent technology innovation in the natural gas industry has powered a shale gas boom, enabling the narrative that natural gas is a transition fuel to a low-carbon future. However, this narrative has not manifested itself uniformly around the world and, more fundamentally, it must be tested and revised periodically to reflect rapidly changing market, supply chain, and environmental realities. The growth in production has put downward pressure on prices, incentivized increased consumption and trade in the coming years, leading to the coming of age of the global market for liquefied natural gas (LNG). LNG from areas with high levels of production can increasingly respond to demand growth elsewhere; however, questions about infrastructure availability, competition with other energy sources, and end use blur our understanding about environmental outcomes. New markets for natural gas face new medium and long-term challenges through capital investments in long-term infrastructure which creates a risk of displacing lower carbon options and prolonging higher emitting facilities. We explore the narrative of natural gas as a transition fuel, and how it has thus far manifested itself in various key markets. The United States is our region of focus on the supply side due to the recent shale gas boom and emission reductions from the coal-to-gas transition in the power sector. We make reference to producing regions involved in the international trade of liquefied natural gas. Questions related to demand from the European Union, OECD Asia, and parts of non-OECD Asia are discussed. China and India—representing the centers of prolific anticipated demand growth—are discussed in terms of challenges to domestic supply growth and competing environmental and political objectives.
Correction to: Retinal complications of gout: a case report and review of the literature.

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that the images displayed in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 have been transposed.
Becoming a Subject of Thinking: Philosophers in Education

First and foremost, I applaud Bruce Novak for calling attention to the influence Karl Jaspers had on Hannah Arendt. The studies on Arendt that have emerged in our field have essentially ignored that influence. Novak has pushed us to reread Arendt in light of Jaspers, and, as such, has invited the field to move down new paths of scholarship. By doing so he is extending the scholarship of Lewis Hinchman and Sandra Hinchman, who make a compelling argument that Arendt was in fact most at home in the existentialist tradition, specifically the one established by Martin Heidegger and Jaspers.