cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient Centeredness and Engagement in Quality-of-Care Oncology Research

More than a decade after the Institute of Medicine (IOM) first studied the quality of cancer care, obstacles to achieving high-quality care remain, and studies suggest that cancer care is often not as patient centered, accessible, coordinated, or evidence based as it could be. Patients, their families, and clinicians face a wide range of complex and often confusing choices regarding their health and health care concerns and require trustworthy information to decide which options are best for them. The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) strives to fund clinical comparative effectiveness research, guided by patients, caregivers, and the broader health care community, that will provide high-integrity, evidence-based information to help people make informed health care decisions. This mission is well aligned with the IOM's recent conceptual framework and corresponding recommendations that recognize that addressing the needs of patients with cancer and their families is the most important component of a high-quality cancer care delivery system. PCORI seeks the opportunity to partner with diverse interdisciplinary research teams who demonstrate a strong commitment to the inclusion and engagement of patients and stakeholders as they work to develop high-quality cancer care delivery systems. We see rich opportunities for such partnership in the cancer care community, given the wealth of well-established patient advocacy groups and organizations and cutting-edge research institutions, all of which are working toward the common goal of improving the quality of cancer care for patients and their families. This article and the project it describes provide an example of an avenue for advancing this goal.
The Root of Immortality: Death in the Context of Jewish Wisdom

In his influential study The Sacred Canopy, Peter Berger asserted that “the power of religion depends, in the last resort, upon the credibility of the banners it puts in the hands of men as they stand before death or, more accurately, as they walk, inevitably, toward it.” Berger was not suggesting that religion is primarily a private obsession of the individual with death. Rather his thesis is that religion is a social phenomenon, part of the human enterprise of “world-building” by which we attempt “to impose a meaningful order upon reality.” The significance of death is not an individual matter because “death radically challenges all socially objectivated definitions of reality—of the world, of others, and of the self. Death radically puts in question the taken-for-granted, ‘business-as-usual’ attitude in which one exists in everyday life. Here everything in the daytime world of existence in society is massively threatened with ‘irreality’—that is, everything in that world becomes dubious, eventually unreal, other than what one used to think.” In short, death is a threat to the meaningfulness not only of the individual life, but of the common enterprise of society and, indeed, of any attempt, social, religious or philosophical, to perceive reality as a coherent and purposeful order.
Evidence for the vitamin D hypothesis: The NHANES III extended mortality follow-up.

Abstract Background and aims Emerging evidence suggests that low levels of vitamin D may be an important risk factor for multiple chronic diseases and mortality, but the evidence is mixed. Vitamin D levels are associated with sun exposure, diet, and metabolic status. One potential explanation for the lack of consistent findings amongst various studies is that low vitamin levels may be associated with poor diets or other risk factors that we were not adequately controlled for in different analyses. Methods Prospective analysis of adults over the age of 35 in NHANES III data (1988–1994) with 20 year mortality follow-up. Sequential Cox proportional hazard models quartiles of 25OH vitamin D adjusted for age, season, geography, sociodemographic (SD), CVD risk factors (CVD) and nutritional factors (NF) were performed. Results Gender, race, diabetes, anti-hypertensive meds, income, taking vitamin D supplements, physical activity, alcohol consumption, region, body mass index, blood pressure, creatinine, albumin, CRP, thyroxine, iron, RBC folate, vitamin A, E, alpha-carotene, and lycopene were all associated with different quartiles of vitamin D and as well as CHD and all-cause mortality and thus are important potential confounders of this relationship. Adjusting for the confounding factors, higher levels of vitamin D demonstrate an inverse relationship with all-cause mortality, but only the top quartile of vitamin D shows an inverse relationship with CHD mortality. Conclusions The highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile of 25OH vitamin D levels is inversely associated with CHD and all-cause mortality adjusting for multiple confounders. Whether supplementation of individuals with low vitamin D will result in similar benefits will require a randomized clinical trial.
Effect of acidosis on control of respiration in skeletal muscle

The relationships between oxygen consumption (Q(O2)) and calculated cytoplasmic ADP concentration ([ADP]) and the free energy of ATP hydrolysis (deltaG(ATP)) were examined in ex vivo arterially per...
Effect of Polysaccharides from Chinese Rice Wine on Immunity-Related Cytokines in Immunodefi cient Mice

The objective of the present work was to study the effects of polysaccharides from Chinese rice wine on immunityrelated cytokines i n immunodefi cient mice induced by cyclophosphamide(CY).After fi fty mice were fed adaptively for four days,they were divided into five groups:blank control,cyclophosphamide,cyclophosphamide + polysaccharides from Chinese rice wine(50,100 and 200 mg/(kg·d)).The mice in CRWP + CY(50,100 and 200 mg/(kg·d)) groups were administered with polysaccharides from Chinese rice wine by gavage once a day for 14 days,and the mice from the blank control group and CY grou p were fed with the same volu me of physical saline.Then,the mice in CY group and CRWP + CY group were injected intraperitoneally with CY(100 mg/(kg·d)) once a day for 4 days.On the 22 th day,the mice we re executed and the blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus and centrifuged for analysis.Interleukin 6,interferon-γ tumor necrosis factor-α,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G and complement C3,complement C4 in mouse serum were measured by ELISA.Compared with the controls,interleukin 6,interferon-γ,tumor necrosis factor-α,immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G and complement C3,complement C4 in mouse serum were increased.The level of interferon-γ in CRWP + CY(200 mg/(kg·d)) g roup was signifi cantly higher than that in the blank control group.These results indicate that polysaccharides from Chinese rice wine can enhance immune function in immunodefi cient mice especially at higher dose.
Modal analysis on motor coach frame structure

To calculate the frame modal of a motor coach and analyze the rationality of design,the resonance of all parts is investigated,the pre-processing and post-processing are performed on the finite element model of frame by using HyperWorks,the middle surfaces of 3D models are extracted and meshed,the SHELL element is taken as basic element,and the finite element models are built for the components.OptiStruct is used to obtain the frame modals and vibration modes of the first six orders.It is concluded that the intrinsic frequency of coach body can avoid the road surface excitation frequency and whole body frequency,the first three modals can avoid coupling,and the design of whole body structure is reasonable;the thickness of relevant components can be increased when local modals appear.The method can provide reference for checking the rationality of body structure design and structure improvement.
Epigenetic Determinants of Cancer

SUMMARYEpigenetic changes are present in all human cancers and are now known to cooperate with genetic alterations to drive the cancer phenotype. These changes involve DNA methylation, histone modifiers and readers, chromatin remodelers, microRNAs, and other components of chromatin. Cancer genetics and epigenetics are inextricably linked in generating the malignant phenotype; epigenetic changes can cause mutations in genes, and, conversely, mutations are frequently observed in genes that modify the epigenome. Epigenetic therapies, in which the goal is to reverse these changes, are now one standard of care for a preleukemic disorder and form of lymphoma. The application of epigenetic therapies in the treatment of solid tumors is also emerging as a viable therapeutic route.
Child and adolescent psychiatry and family therapy. An overview.

This article provides an overview of the relationship between family therapy and child and adolescent psychiatry by summarizing its historical background, highlighting points of conflict and polarization and areas of convergence between the two fields; identifying new directions for clinical practice stimulated by family research; and presenting a current status report on the benefits of integrating the two fields in assessment and treatment with emphasis on the new developments in theory and practice in family therapy, particularly the effect of social constructionism and narrative therapy.
Meta‐Analysis of the Effects of Adhesion Barriers on Adhesion Formation in the Horse

Objective To determine the efficacy of adhesion barriers in horses using quantitative statistical analysis. Study Design Meta-analytical review. Methods A search using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed, followed by secondary searches of veterinary trade journals, bibliographies of relevant articles, manufacturer websites, and technical reference guides. Randomized experimental trials in healthy horses were considered that included both a treatment and control group. The endpoint required was euthanasia or laparoscopy to identify adhesion formation. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model, with the effect size calculated as an odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at P<.05. Results Out of 354 peer reviewed publications that met the search criteria, a total of 9 relevant studies were identified and investigated the use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solutions, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) membranes, hyaluronate (HA), and fucoidan solutions. The odds of adhesions in horses treated with an adhesion barrier were significantly lower than untreated controls (OR=0.102; 95% CI [0.041, 0.254]; P<.001). When analyzed as subsets for each type of barrier, horses treated with HA/CMC membranes and CMC solutions had significant OR for fewer adhesions (OR=0.061; 95% CI [0.013, 0.292]; OR=0.119; 95% CI [0.034, 0.415], respectively; P<.001). Conclusion The meta-analysis demonstrated adhesion barriers provide a positive effect on the odds of adhesion formation. These results are tempered by the limitations of the study, including the small sample size and a bias towards publication of studies with only positive findings.
Introduction: Distracted by Calculation

In the middle of “Politics as a Vocation” Max Weber turns his attention to the question of how ethics can inflect politics without becoming moralizing. He begins by noting how “Ethics can sometimes make its appearance in what is morally ( sittlich ) a highly unfortunate role.” By way of illustration he presents “the case of a man whose affections have turned away from one woman to another”: He will be an unusual man if he does not experience the need to justify this to himself by saying, “She was not worthy of my love” or “She has disappointed me” or by coming up with other “reasons” of a similar sort. This is a highly unchivalrous reaction to the blunt reality that he no longer loves her and that she must put up with that. Even more unchivalrously, he goes on to invent a “legitimacy” that enables him to put himself in the right and add to her misfortune by trying to put her in the wrong. This unchivalrous man, whom we perhaps all too easily recognize, desires to balance the moral books. He takes a bookkeeping approach to his responsibility and wants to make sure that vis-a-vis his ex-love he is not in a situation of owing or indebtedness. Her suffering must be justified by her own guilt. The books must be balanced and he must be debt-free before he begins a new joint venture. Here I elaborate beyond Weber's explicit text, but I stay true to what he is describing. I am drawing out the approach to responsibility that underlies the fickle lover's justifications and which, as I will show later, Weber critiques over the course of “Politics as a Vocation.” From this intimate scenario, Weber moves on to more overtly political examples. With regard to parties to a past war, he argues that insofar as they immerse themselves in the allocation of “past guilt ( Schuld )” for the start of the war, they distract themselves from their “responsibility for the future ” and also efface the blunt reality of the “ objective ( sachlichen ) interests that were at stake” in the war. Writing in the aftermath of Germany's defeat in World War I, he decries victors who, after a war, claim that they won because they were “in the right.”
HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS, Third Edition

The new edition of HIV and the Pathogenesis of AIDS provides a state-of-the-art review of the current research, explains the history of the disease, and examines how scientists, clinicians, and public health workers have responded to the challenges presented by HIV/AIDS in the 25 years since its recognition. Many exciting developments in the field have deepened scientific understanding of HIV/AIDS and have provided novel approaches for prevention and treatment. The book explores potential approaches for therapy and a vaccine for the prevention of HIV infection and AIDS is discussed. Thoroughly updated and revised, the third edition continues to provide a comprehensive analysis of the subject that is unmatched in the field. Figures and tables illustrate and emphasize key points and the text is extensively annotated. Written in an accessible and clear style, the book presents a balanced view of HIV/AIDS and serves as a valuable reference for students, researchers, clinicians, and health care providers Paperback, 644 pages, illustrations, index.
Word to the Wise: Notes on a Black Feminist Metaphilosophy of Race

It is not uncommon to ask a race and gender-based question of a philosopher of race, only to hear ‘I do race, not gender’. To the ears of many Black feminists, this sounds, to be frank, utterly foolish. Here, I identify three metaphilosophical assumptions, i.e. the disaggregation, fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, that aid in underwriting the ability to use the statement, ‘I do race, not gender’, as a means for avoiding gender-based questions in ‘race talks’. Then, I gesture to a reason to reject the fundamentality and transcendental assumptions, i.e. the promotion of intellectual slumming.
Political Philosophy in the African Context

What is political philosophy? This is a foundational question that one has to grapple with in order to do any serious study or practice of the subject. Given that most experts and most of the literature in this field have been Western, many critics—especially those who identify themselves as Afrocentric—continue to maintain that a course in political philosophy or philosophy in general is either a luxury Africa cannot afford or an instrument for Western indoctrination and neo-colonial mental domination.
ElasticCore: A Dynamic Heterogeneous Platform With Joint Core and Voltage/Frequency Scaling

Heterogeneous architectures have emerged as a promising solution to address the dark silicon challenge by providing customized cores for each running application. To harness the power of heterogeneity, a critical challenge is simultaneously fine-tuning several parameters at the application, architecture, system, as well as circuit levels for heterogeneous architectures that improve the energy-efficiency envelope. To address this challenge, an ElasticCore platform is described where core resources along with the operating voltage and frequency settings are scaled to match the application behavior at run-time. A quantile linear regression model for power and performance prediction is used to guide the adaptation of the core resources, along with the operating voltage and frequency, to improve the energy efficiency. In addition, the dynamically scalable partitions of the ElasticCore are powered with multiple on-chip voltage regulators with high-power conversion efficiency that are able to realize fast dynamic voltage/frequency scaling. The results indicate that ElasticCore predicts application power and performance behavior with a small error at run-time across all studied benchmarks and achieves, on average close to 93% energy efficiency, as compared to an architecture with the Oracle power and performance predictor.
A novel hybrid delay based physical unclonable function immune to machine learning attacks

In this paper, machine learning attacks are performed on a novel hybrid delay based Arbiter Ring Oscillator PUF (AROPUF). The AROPUF exhibits improved results when compared to traditional Arbiter Physical Unclonable Function (APUF). The challenge-response pairs (CRPs) from both PUFs are fed to the multilayered perceptron model (MLP) with one hidden layer. The results show that the CRPs generated from the proposed AROPUF has more training and prediction errors when compared to the APUF, thus making it more difficult for the adversary to predict the CRPs.
Effects of an Appearance-Focused Interpretation Training Intervention on Eating Disorder Symptoms.

Background: Previous research suggests that computerized interpretation bias modification (IBM) techniques may be useful for modifying thoughts and behaviours relevant to eating pathology; however, little is known about the utility of IBM for decreasing specific eating disorder (ED) symptoms (e.g. bulimia, drive for thinness). Aims: The current study sought to further examine the utility of IBM for ED symptoms via secondary analyses of an examination of IBM for individuals with elevated body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms (see Summers and Cougle, 2016), as these disorders are both characterized by threat interpretation biases of ambiguous appearance-related information. Method: We recruited 41 participants for a randomized trial comparing four sessions of IBM aimed at modifying problematic social and appearance-related threat interpretation biases with a placebo control training (PC). Results: At 1-week post-treatment, and relative to the PC, the IBM group reported greater reductions in negative/threat interpretations of ambiguous information in favour of positive/benign biases. Furthermore, among individuals with high pre-treatment bulimia symptoms, IBM yielded greater reductions in bulimia symptoms compared with PC at post-treatment. No treatment effects were observed on drive for thinness symptoms. Conclusions: The current study suggests that cognitive interventions for individuals with primary BDD symptoms may improve co-occurring ED symptoms such as bulimia.
Response: "Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!" Expanding the National Standards to Unshackle the Soul of Schools

Many of us long for a strong breeze to blow through schools which would “lift” the cultural “soul” of the students so that they can tap into the stream of “sweetness and light” envisioned by Matthew Arnold in 1882. The last decade of the twentieth century brought the “soul” of the disciplines to American Schooling in the form of National Standards resulting in bitter feuds across the contemporary entrenched camps of educational thought with both sides either rejecting standards or the outcomes of standards. We can endlessly debate the merits of standards for the disciplines, but what is really at issue revolves around the need for a cultural breeze which will softly lift the institutional framework of schools to tap the true “soul” of the disciplines.
Myocardial perfusion reserve and global longitudinal strain as potential markers of coronary allograft vasculopathy in late-stage orthotopic heart transplantation

Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of mortality in late-stage orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) patients. Recent evidence has shown that myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) derived from vasodilator cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (vCMR) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are useful to detect CAV. However, previous studies have not comprehensively addressed whether these parameters are confounded by allograft rejection, myocardial scar/fibrosis, or allograft dysfunction. Our aim was to determine whether changes in late post-OHT MPR and GLS are due to CAV or other confounding factors. Twenty OHT patients (time from transplant to vCMR was 8.1 ± 4.1 years) and 30 controls (10 healthy volunteers and 20 with prior myocardial infarction to provide perspective with regards to the severity of any abnormalities seen in post-OHT patients) underwent vasodilator vCMR from which MPR index (MPRi), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and burden of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were quantified. TTE was used to measure GLS. The presence of CAV was determined from invasive coronary angiograms using thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame counts and grading severity per guidelines. Previous endomyocardial biopsies were reviewed to assess association with episodes of rejection. We examined the correlations between MPRi and GLS with markers of CAV, allograft function, scar/fibrosis, and rejection. MPRi was abnormal in post-OHT patients compared to both healthy volunteers and MI controls. While there was no relationship between MPRi or GLS and LVEF, episodes of rejection, or LGE burden, both MPRi and GLS were associated with TIMI frame counts and presence and severity of CAV. Additionally, MPRi correlated with GLS (R = 0.68, P = 0.0002). In conclusion, MPRi and GLS are abnormal in late-stage OHT and associated with CAV, but not related to allograft rejection, myocardial scar/fibrosis, or allograft dysfunction. Non-invasive monitoring of MPRi and GLS may be a useful strategy to detect CAV.
A Highly-Reduced Cobalt Terminal Carbyne: Divergent Metal- and α-Carbon-Centered Reactivity

Reported here is the isolation of a dianionic cobalt terminal carbyne derived from chemical reduction of an encumbering isocyanide ligand. Crystallographic, spectroscopic and computational data reveal that this carbyne possesses a low-valent cobalt center with an extensively filled d-orbital manifold. This electronic character renders the cobalt center the primary site of nucleophilicity upon reaction with protic substrates and silyl electrophiles. However, reactions with internal alkynes result in [2+2] cycloaddition with the carbyne carbon to form a new C–C bond.
Perceived attitudinal learning in a self-paced versus fixed-schedule MOOC

This study (N = 427) examined perceived attitudinal learning gains (i.e., cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning) related to the course topic by comparing a self-paced version of a Massive O...
Histochemical demonstration of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in leukemia

White blood cells from 22 patients with leukemia and lymphoma were studied for the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. The enzyme was detected in leukemic cells of 5 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia, whereas 16 patients with different forms of leukemia or lymphoma were negative for this enzyme. Comparative studies using a biochemical and an indirect immunofluorescence assay revealed complete concordance between these three methods.
Leukocyte counting during process control of leukoreduced blood components.

Background and Objectives: To describe the characteristics of counting assays used for process control of leukoreduction. Materials and Methods: Literature review. Results: Counting assays with good performance characteristics are an essential element of the process control of leukoreduction. A recent multicenter study by a Working Party of the ISBT has evaluated three widely used methods for counting low numbers of leukocytes in leukoreduced blood. Conclusion: Automated methods provide greater accuracy and better inter-laboratory precision than Nageotte hematocytometry. However, deterioration of performance as a result of prolonged sample shipment remains an obstacle to centralized testing services. Although several mathematical approaches have been used to model the distribution of residual leukocytes in leukoreduced blood, no single model has been shown to be clearly superior.
Rationale for Bone Densitometry in Childhood and Adolescence

Bone health in children is a rapidly growing area of clinical concern. The recent interest in this field is a response to the rising incidence of childhood fractures as well as the concept that early bone development could be a major determinant of adult osteoporosis and fragility fractures. In the past few years, there has been a marked increase in the use of bone densitometry in children and adolescents, primarily using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Although a valuable tool, the use of DXA to evaluate children has highlighted its limitations. By recognizing the shortcomings, yet exploiting the strengths of DXA, this noninvasive, low-risk, readily available tool could aid in identifying children at risk for inadequate bone development and monitoring treatment.
Causes, Problems and Benefits of Different Between and Within Effects in the Analysis of Clustered Data

In analyzing longitudinal (panel), multicenter or otherwise clustered data, one often discovers that between and within individual or cluster regression coefficients are not equal. Clearly, this creates difficulties for interpretation and casts doubt on any causal interpretation of the coefficients. To help interpretation, it is useful to note that several types of model misspecification leading to this phenomenon can be reformulated as problems of omitted covariates. We consider models where the relationship between the outcome and the covariates is known, as long as all covariates are correctly measured and included. However, when there are unknown confounders, selection bias or measurement error, this is structurally equivalent to covariates being omitted. We first derive the correct form of the mean structure conditionally on the observed covariates, and then examine the consequences of fitting models which do not take into account the possibility of omitted covariates. We give examples of constraints, which allow estimation of the original parameters of interest. The models are used to help interpret analyses of data from the Asset and Health Dynamics of the Oldest Old (AHEAD), a panel survey of individuals age 70 and above.
Deformation of Chondrocytes within the Extracellular Matrix of Articular Cartilage

This study was aimed at determining possible mechanical signal transduction mechanisms in articular cartilage which may be responsible for the control of tissue remodeling. Based on existing data for articular cartilage deformational behavior, the extracellular and pericellular matrices, and the chondrocytes have all been modeled as biphasic materials, with distinct material properties. The cells are embedded and continuously bonded to the surrounding matrix Finite element analysis of the stress, strain, fluid flow, hydraulic pressure and strain energy density were made on a configuration simulating an experiment where a cartilage expiant was loaded in compression. All deformation fields were strongly dependent of chondrocyte material properties relative to the extracellular matrix. The existence of a pericellular matrix seems to reduce the stresses and strains the chondrocyte is subjected to. Confocal microscopy was used to determine the three-dimensional shape and organization of undeformed and deformed chondrocytes from mid-zone cartilage.
3.46 – Use of Unconventional Solvents for Sample Preparation in Environmental Analysis

Due to the complexity of matrices, the low concentration of the target analytes, and the presence of interferences that may not be compatible with the subsequent analysis steps, sample preparation plays a crucial role in environmental analysis. In addition to isolating target analytes, the sample preparation step should also be capable of preconcentrating the target analytes for trace analysis. Many sample preparation techniques require the use of a large amount of hazardous organic solvents, which often generate waste during the process of solving environmental problems. Reducing or even eliminating the use of organic solvents is often the driving force behind the search for unconventional solvents as extraction phases under conditions in which they can provide greater selectivity, reduced extraction times, quantitative yield of product, and lower cost. The field of analytical chemistry has witnessed the increasing use of ecofriendly solvents such as CO2 and water as extraction phases as well as the development of new materials such as ionic liquids for sample preparation. This chapter addresses sample preparation techniques dedicated to environmental sample analysis while avoiding the use of hazardous solvents as the extraction media. Extraction techniques including liquid–liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, single-drop microextraction, and hollow-fiber supported liquid-phase microextraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and subcritical water extraction (SWE) are reviewed. The basic setup and fundamentals of each technique are introduced and discussed.
5-Acetyl-4-(3-hy-droxy-phen-yl)-6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidin-2-one-tris-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)ammonium chloride (2/1).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C13H14N2O3·C3H10NO3+·Cl−, contains two independent mol­ecules (A and B) of the title pyrimidine derivative and one ion-pair of tris­(hy­droxy­meth­yl)ammonium chloride. The pyrimidine ring in each pyrimidine derivative has a half-chair conformation. Its mean plane is inclined to the benzene ring by 87.2 (3)° in mol­ecule A and 85.7 (2)° in mol­ecule B. In the crystal, the pyrimidine derivatives are connected to each other by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the b-axis direction. The chains are linked via O—H—Cl hydrogen bonds, forming corrugated sheets lying parallel to the bc plane. The sheets are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional framework. The tris­(hy­droxy­meth­yl)ammonium chloride mol­ecules are located in the cages of the framework. There are also further C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions present in the three-dimensional framework structure. Both the cation and chloride anion of the tris­(hy­droxy­meth­yl)ammonium chloride ion pair are disordered over two positions, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.418 (8):0.582 (8) for the cation and 0.71 (4):0.29 (4) for the anion.
Molecular and excited state properties of photostable anthraquinone blue dyes for hydrophobic fibers

Abstract Synthetic dyes having high photostability on hydrophobic fibers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are of interest for use on textile substrates for outdoor applications. While much is known about photostable dyes developed for PET in the 1980s, owing to their viability for use in automobile interiors, little has been published on currently viable photostable disperse dyes. As part of an effort to help fill this void and to facilitate future photostable disperse dye design, the present study involved the use of experimental measurements and modelling studies to help characterize the molecular structures of commercially viable dyes for producing photostable colors on PET fibers, beginning with a pair of blue dyes. With the aid of HR-MS, 500 MHz 1H NMR, and X-ray crystallography, it was established that the two dyes are structural isomers having 1,5-(OH)2-anthraquinone (AQ) and 1,8-(OH)2-AQ base structures. It is proposed that the photostability of these dyes arises from the presence of multiple OH/NH groups ortho to the AQ C O groups which enables them to dissipate excited state energy through intramolecular proton transfer. Further, using DFT-based molecular modelling studies, it was shown that the dye having the 1,5-(OH)2-AQ base structure has a lower ESOP than the isomeric dye having the 1,8-(OH)2-AQ base structure. Similarly, results from calculating Frontier HOMO and LUMO isosurfaces indicated that the LUMO lobes of the latter dye are larger, suggesting that this dye undergoes excitation faster than the 1,5-(OH)2-AQ isomer.
Acute Kidney Injury after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy in treating relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, there are potential treatment-related toxicities, which may be severe. Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported after CD19 CAR T cells, but not systematically evaluated. We sought to describe AKI incidence, severity, outcome, and risk factors in the first 30 days after CTL019, a CD19 CAR T cell therapy, for ALL in pediatric patients. Methods We studied patients treated with CTL019 through two clinical trials (NCT01626495 and NCT02906371) at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between April 2012 and April 2018. Demographic, laboratory and pharmacy data were automatically extracted from the electronic medical record using an EPIC data query tool. The primary outcome was AKI within 30 days after CTL019 infusion. AKI was defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Stage 1 (serum creatinine (SCr) >= 1.5 times the baseline) was classified as mild AKI. Stage 2 or 3 (SCr >=2 times the baseline) were classified as severe AKI. Renal recovery was defined as improvement in SCr to within 1.5 times the baseline by day +30. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate risk ratios for the association of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and other patient characteristics with the development of AKI. Results A total of 125 patients and 3231 creatinine values were analyzed. Median patient age was 11.2 (range: 1.4-29.1) years at CTL019 infusion; 57.6% were male, 72% were Caucasian, and 82.4% were non-Hispanic. AKI developed in 26 patients (21.0%; 95% CI, 14.5 to 28.9), severe AKI developed in 15 patients (12%; 95% CI 7.3 to 19.1), and 3 patients (2.4%; 95% CI 0.7 to 7.3) required renal-replacement therapy. Among patients who developed AKI, 22 (88%: 95% CI 66.7 to 96.4) recovered renal function by day +30. Patients with Grade 3/4 CRS had a 4.9 times greater risk of developing AKI (95% CI, 2.4 to 9.9; p Conclusion In the first 30 days after CTL019 infusion, 21% of patients developed AKI, but most recovered renal function by day +30. AKI was strongly associated with Grades 3 and 4 CRS and developed at a median of 5 days after the start of CRS. Additional analyses will compare the trajectories of CRS biomarkers and tumor lysis labs with the trajectory of AKI in order to better elucidate mechanisms of renal injury and identify opportunities for intervention.
Review of Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2011

There were 83 articles published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (JCMR) in 2011, which is an 11% increase in the number of articles since 2010. The quality of the submissions continues to increase. The editors had been delighted with the 2010 JCMR Impact Factor of 4.33, although this fell modestly to 3.72 for 2011. The impact factor undergoes natural variation according to citation rates of papers in the 2 years following publication, and is significantly influenced by highly cited papers such as official reports. However, we remain very pleased with the progress of the journal's impact over the last 5 years. Our acceptance rate is approximately 25%, and has been falling as the number of articles being submitted has been increasing. In accordance with Open-Access publishing, the JCMR articles go on-line as they are accepted with no collating of the articles into sections or special thematic issues. For this reason, the Editors feel it is useful to summarize the papers for the readership into broad areas of interest or theme, which we feel would be useful, so that areas of interest from the previous year can be reviewed in a single article in relation to each other and other recent JCMR articles [1]. The papers are presented in broad themes and set in context with related literature and previously published JCMR papers to guide continuity of thought in the journal. We hope that you find the open-access system increases wider reading and citation of your papers, and that you will continue to send your quality manuscripts to JCMR for publication.
Understanding Extension of Time under Different Standard Design-Build Forms of Contract

AbstractContractual provisions related to delay and extension of time are often written in difficult language or presented in a scattered manner in construction contracts. This could lead to confus...
Making India's power system clean: Retirement of expensive coal plants

Abstract As India implements its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), via an ambitious renewable energy target of 175 GW of renewable energy by 2022, it is faced with an opportunity to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This opportunity is provided by the average cost of solar (and wind) energy falling below the variable cost of generating power from many existing coal plants. This indicates that, while other potential uses exist (e.g., making coal plants flexible), such expensive brownfield coal plants could potentially be economically retired today by simply switching to buying power from new solar plants. For example, by switching to a solar plant from a sample 5-year coal plant, the savings can be 33.90% in net present value terms. Further, while the savings on energy procurement is obvious, there could also be savings on committed contractual obligations on paying fixed costs, via a process called securitization. For example, using cashflow analysis, we show that retiring a sample 5-year old coal plant can save an additional 31.57% in value. We also discuss plausible regulatory changes, for which there are precedents in India and elsewhere, that would enable this cost-effective transition to a deeper penetration of renewable energy via retirement of expensive coal plants.
Toward a unifying theory of dysregulated behaviors.

Abstract Dysregulated behaviors, defined as active behaviors that have short-term benefits but cause serious recurrent long-term distress or impairment to the individual and/or those around them, include behaviors such as suicidal and nonsuicidal self-injury, aggression, and substance use. These behaviors are common and costly to the individual, their friends and family, and society. Despite similar etiological models and interventions, dysregulated behaviors have largely been studied in isolation from one another. The goals of this paper were to a) define dysregulated behaviors as a coherent class of behaviors, b) review the prevalence and consequences of dysregulated behaviors, c) outline how dysregulated behaviors fit into current models of psychopathology, and d) describe the key questions to be addressed by future research in this area. It is argued that integrating across theories of discrete dysregulated behaviors can help provide aid in the development of etiological models, which in turn can improve prevention and intervention for dysregulated behaviors.
Validation of “Viburnum × carlcephalum” (Viburnaceae)

The name “Viburnum × carlcephalum” has hitherto not been validly published. It is validated here by the provision of a description in English and holotype citation.
A Compensated Distributed-Parameter Line Decoupling Approach for Real Time Applications

This article proposes a new method called the Compensated Distributed-Parameter Line Decoupling (CDLD) method, and used for decoupling distribution networks among parallel processing cores in a real-time multi-core environment. Due to the short length of distribution grid lines, decoupling the distribution network for real-time processing is challenging and approaches such as Stublines and State Space Nodal (SSN) solvers have been proposed. Both approaches have limitations and the method proposed in this work addresses these limitations to implement improvements. Specifically, the CDLD method can be used as an enhanced Stubline decoupling, improving on its accuracy and transient response, or it can be combined with an SSN solver to improve its computational performance and remove bottleneck issues. The CDLD method was tested on three IEEE benchmark systems in a real-time environment, and significant improvement was realized in network response and computational performance compared to the prevailing methods. The combined SSN-CDLD method proved to be the most promising approach for network decoupling.
VARIATIONAL FORMULATION OF EISENHART'S UNIFIED THEORY

Eisenhart's classical unified field theory is based on a non-Riemannian affine connection related to the covariant derivative of the electromagnetic field tensor. The sourceless field equations of this theory arise from vanishing of the torsion trace and the symmetrized Ricci tensor. We formulate Eisenhart's theory from the metric-affine variational principle. In this formulation, a Lagrange multiplier constraining the torsion becomes the source for the Maxwell equations.
Minimizing attitude control fuel in space manipulator systems

Techniques are presented for finding space manipulator motions which result in reduced spacecraft dynamic disturbances. Although a spacecraft's attitude control reaction jets can compensate for these disturbances, reaction jet fuel is a limited resource and excessive disturbances would limit the life of a space manipulator. A graphical tool called the Enhanced Disturbance Map (EDM) is presented and is demonstrated as an aid in developing planning and control algorithms to solve this complex problem.
Fatigue as a Driver of Overall Quality of Life in Cancer Patients.

Background This manuscript describes an approach for analyzing large amounts of disparate clinical data to elucidate the most impactful factor(s) that relate to a meaningful clinical outcome, in this case, the quality of life of cancer patients. The relationships between clinical and quality of life variables were evaluated using the EORTC QLQ-C30 global health domain—a validated surrogate variable for overall cancer patient well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the determinants of global health in cancer patients who initiated treatment at two regional medical centers between January 2001 and December 2009. Variables analyzed included 15 EORTC QLQ-C30 scales, age at diagnosis, gender, newly diagnosed/ recurrent disease status, and stage. The decision tree algorithm, perhaps unfamiliar to practicing clinicians, evaluates the relative contribution of individual parameters in classifying a clinically meaningful functional endpoint, such as the global health of a patient. Findings Multiple patient characteristics were identified as important contributors. Fatigue, in particular, emerged as the most prevalent indicator of cancer patients’ quality of life in 16/23 clinically relevant subsets. This analysis allowed results to be stated in a clinically-intuitive, rule set format using the language and quantities of the Quality of Life (QoL) tool itself. Interpretation By applying the classification algorithms to a large data set, identification of fatigue as a root factor in driving global health and overall QoL was revealed. The ability to practice mining of clinical data sets to uncover critical clinical insights that are immediately applicable to patient care practices is illustrated.
Maturation Decreases Fractional Activation of Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Ovine Common Carotid Arteries

The present study tests the hypothesis that postnatal changes in contractile protein organization drive changes in MLC20 phosphorylation that contribute to age-related changes in contractility. In ...
Shear-oriented Microfibrils in the Mucilaginous Investments of Two Motile Oscillatoriacean Blue-Green Algae

Abstract Trichomes of two oscillatoriacean blue-green algae execute screw-like gliding motion, but the two organisms differ from each other with respect to the screw sense of motion. Electron microscopy of serial longitudinal sections reveals extracellular microfibrils which lie roughly parallel to stream-lines at the surface of each organism. The author proposes that the microfibrils are oriented by shear in a zone just external to the outer unit membrane-like component of the cell wall.
A design algorithm for the robust synthesis of SISO feedback control systems using conformal maps and H ∞ -theory

A technique based on conformal mapping theory is proposed to reduce the robust design of SISO feedback control systems to a Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem. Implementation of the algorithm is discussed in detail and computational experience with the technique is reported.
Sarcopenia: a major modifiable cause of frailty in the elderly.

La sarcopenie est un terme utilise pour decrire la fonte de la masse musculaire et la diminution de la force musculaire observees avec l'avance en âge. C'est un phenomene physiologique, qui peut s'accelerer au cours de certaines maladies chroniques. La sarcopenie est la principale cause d'incapacites et de fragilite chez les sujets âges. C'est probablement un processus multifactoriel. Plusieurs mecanismes pourraient, en effet, conduire a la sarcopenie comme la diminution du nombre de motoneurones alpha, de la production d'hormone de croissance, de la concentration des hormones steroidiennes, ou de l'activite physique observee avec l'âge. Le gain de la masse grasse, l'augmentation de la production de cytokines cataboliques, des apports energetiques et proteiques inadaptes, pourraient egalement etre des facteurs importants responsables de la sarcopenie. La contribution de chacun de ces facteurs n'est cependant pas clairement etablie. La sarcopenie est probablement un phenomene reversible. Des exercices de resistance progressive pourraient permettre de prevenir, voire de reverser, la fonte musculaire. Un enjeu majeur dans la prevention de la fragilite associee a la sarcopenie est de developper des etudes d'intervention sur une grande echelle, dans lesquelles des stimulants anaboliques seraient administres aux personnes âgees.
Nonlinear Analysis of Stress and Strain in Soils

A simple, practical procedure for representing the nonlinear, stress-dependent, inelastic stress-strain behavior of soils was developed. The values of the required parameters employed in the stress-strain relationship may be derived from the results of standard triaxial tests on plane strain compression tests involving primary loading, unloading, and reloading. Comparisons of calculated and measured strains in specimens of dense and loose silica sand showed that the relationship was capable of accurately representing the behavior of this sand under complex triaxial loading conditions, and analyses of the behavior of footings on sand and clay showed that finite element stress analyses conducted using this relationship were in good agreement with empirical observations and applicable theories.
Evaluation And Treatment Of AIDS-Associated Illnesses: An Approach For The Primary Physician

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a problem of enormous clinical importance in the United States. This article describes the major clinical syndromes in adults with AIDS and offers approaches to their evaluation and treatment.