cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domestic Institutions and regional representation in the European Union: the case of Austria

ABSTRACTMulti-level governance in the European Union is a well-established model in the EU literature. An area of ongoing focus within that literature has been the regional representation offices that have proliferated in Brussels. This article addresses the research question of how domestic institutional arrangements affect the strategies of regions seeking representation at the European level. Based on the results of original interviews with directors and deputy-directors of Austrian regional representation offices in Brussels to illustrate the approach these offices take when interacting with other European institutions and with Austrian federal representatives, this study builds on the regional representation literature that has stressed the pre-eminence of state institutional structures in understanding the role of regional representation offices and argues that the importance of the offices is best examined through a focus on state level institutions and power arrangements rather than on office impa...
A revision of Megalocraerus Lewis, 1902 (Coleoptera, Histeridae: Exosternini)

The formely monotypic Neotropical genus Megalocraerus Lewis is revised to include five species, known from southeastern Brazil to Costa Rica: Megalocraerus rubricatus Lewis, Megalocraerus mandibularis sp. n., Megalocraerus chico sp. n., Megalocraerus madrededios sp. n., and Megalocraerus tiputini sp. n. We describe the species, map their distributions, and provide a key for their identification. Their subcylindrical body form and emarginate mesosternum have previously hindered placement to tribe, although their curent assignment to Exosternini now appears well supported by morphological evidence. Nothing is known of the natural history of the species.
Microchip Laser Propulsion for Small Satellites

In this work we propose a pulsed microchip laser thruster (MLT) concept for secondary propulsion on microand nanosatellites. Thrust is developed by laser-induced ablation of solid propellant targets. At the heart of the MLT concept is an on-board microchip laser that, when pumped by an on-board cw diode laser, emits pulsed IR radiation at sub-nanosecond pulse widths, high peak powers and high repetition rate. Two MLT configurations are proposed, differing primarily by their propellant feed mechanisms. A first-order analysis predicts a thruster mass (including power conditioning) of <400 g and minimum and maximum power consumptions of 4.3 W (1 Hz pulsing) and 6.5 W (10 kHz pulsing), respectively. Based on preliminary experiments, we estimate a (lower-bound) thrust range of 0.3 nN 3 jo,N for aluminum ablation. Measurements of specific impulse are not presented, but are in progress. We describe our laboratory set-up and our efforts to measure single and multi-pulse ablation events using a piezoelectric sensor. Finally, images are presented of single-pulse laser ablation craters for several target materials.
Special Management of Radioactive Health in Law of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment

[Objective]To implement the Law of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment of P.R.C, strengthen management of radioactive health. [Methods]Radioactive work was analyzed and compared to other occupational hazardous factors in 7 aspects, including system of management, protecting object and content, personnel, equipment, places and incidents, etc. [Results]The occupational healthy requirement of radioactive work is higher than that of other operations. [Conclusion] It is necessary that special management of radioactive work be prescribed in law of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment of P.R.C.
Microsurgical Lower Extremity Reconstruction in the Subacute Period: A Safe Alternative

Microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity is an integral part of the limb salvage algorithm.1–4 Success is defined by a pain-free functional extremity, with a healed fracture and sufficient durable soft tissue coverage. The successful salvage of a limb depends on proper application of orthopedic and plastic surgery principles, including adequate debridement, fracture stabilization, and vascularized soft tissue coverage. Initial outcome studies by Gustilo, Byrd, and Godina in the late 1970s and early 1980s proposed that microsurgical reconstruction of traumatized lower extremities is best performed in the first week after injury.5–7 In the subsequent 5–10 years, studies by Yaremchuk et al,8 Francel et al,9 and others expanded the early period to up to 2 weeks to allow for adequate debridement of acute wounds. Although these early studies established this tenet of lower extremity trauma reconstruction, several studies have emerged challenging it by showing that with flaps being performed outside this critical “early window,” can result in equivalent success.10–12 Although early flap coverage of open lower extremity fractures is an important goal, it is not always feasible because of patient and hospital factors. The LAC + USC medical center serves as catchall for polytrauma in a city of 4 million people. Between the years 2000 and 2010, approximately 50% of patients with acute lower extremity wounds requiring microsurgical reconstruction at our institution did not receive soft tissue coverage until greater than 2 weeks postinjury secondary to primary trauma, physiologic instability, patient comorbidities, or orthopedic and plastic surgery operative backlog. The objective of our study was to evaluate outcomes in patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the lower extremity, in relation to the timing of reconstruction. Specifically, we chose to evaluate patients reconstructed earlier than 15 days after injury versus those at 15 days or later, reflecting the subacute time period as cited by previous authors.
Rapidly Increasing Invasion of Eastern Texas Forestlands by the Most Prevalent Invasive Shrubs: Chinese and European Privets

Abstract Based on analyses of an extensive set of field data collected by the US Forest Service, we identified trends in range expansion of Ligustrim sinense (Chinese Privet) and L. vulgare (European Privet), the most prevalent invasive shrubs within forestlands of eastern Texas. Chinese and European privets increased markedly in northeastern Texas from 2004 and 2012. The number of sample plots in which Chinese and European privets were detected increased from 79 (in 25 counties) to 300 (in 40 counties), and the mean percent coverage within those sample plots already invaded in 2004 increased significantly by 2012. The number of sample plots in each of 3 percent-coverage categories ( 20) increased in each of 2 longitudinal bands (>95°W and ≤95°W) from the first to the second survey. Our empirical results support the general trend of westward and southeastward expansions predicted by existing models, which were based on less -recent data.
“IT’S LIKE WE HAVE AN ‘IN’ ALREADY”: The Racial Capital of Black/White Biracial Americans

The increasing bi/multiracial 1 community in the United States has generated much literature about racial identity and social psychological well-being. Drawing on sixty in-depth interviews with Black/White biracial Americans, this paper shifts the theoretical focus from identity and well-being to the conceptual development of how race shapes bi/multiracial Americans’ social interactions with both Whites and Blacks. The majority of participants reported interacting differently when in predominately White settings versus predominately Black settings. I offer the concept of “racial capital” to highlight the repertoire of racial resources (knowledge, experiences, meaning, and language) that biracial Americans use to negotiate racial boundaries in a highly racialized society. These findings reveal the continuing significance of racial boundaries in a population that is often celebrated as evidence of racial harmony in the United States.
Role of Sediment Size and Biostratinomy on the Development of Biofilms in Recent Avian Vertebrate Remains

Microscopic soft tissues have been identified in fossil vertebrate remains collected from various lithologies. However, the diagenetic mechanisms to preserve such tissues have remained elusive. While previous studies have described infiltration of biofilms in Haversian and Volkmann’s canals, biostratinomic alteration (e.g., trampling), and iron derived from hemoglobin as playing roles in the preservation processes, the influence of sediment texture has not previously been investigated. This study uses a Kolmogorov Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit test to explore the influence of biostratinomic variability and burial media against the infiltration of biofilms in bone samples. Controlled columns of sediment with bone samples were used to simulate burial and subsequent groundwater flow. Sediments used in this study include clay-, silt-, and sand-sized particles modeled after various fluvial facies commonly associated with fossil vertebrates. Extant limb bone samples obtained from Gallus gallus domesticus (Domestic Chicken) buried in clay-rich sediment exhibit heavy biofilm infiltration, while bones buried in sands and silts exhibit moderate levels. Crushed bones exhibit significantly lower biofilm infiltration than whole bone samples. Strong interactions between biostratinomic alteration and sediment size are also identified with respect to biofilm development. Sediments modeling crevasse splay deposits exhibit considerable variability; whole-bone crevasse splay samples exhibit higher frequencies of high-level biofilm infiltration, and crushed-bone samples in modeled crevasse splay deposits display relatively high frequencies of low-level biofilm infiltration. These results suggest that sediment size, depositional setting, and biostratinomic condition play key roles in biofilm infiltration in vertebrate remains, and may influence soft tissue preservation in fossil vertebrates.
The use of negative pressure wound therapy to prevent post-operative surgical site infections following pancreaticoduodenectomy

Abstract Background Rates of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) following pancreaticoduodenectomy remain high. Following resection for cancer, complications such as SSI impact adjuvant therapy delivery and portend worse survival. An incisional negative pressure dressing (iVAC) has been demonstrated to reduce SSI in other high-risk cohorts. Methods Following a comprehensive effort to identify patients at high risk for SSI, the practice patterns at a single academic center shifted and iVAC use increased. SSI rates were tracked in a prospectively maintained database and are reported. Results 394 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy over 21 months. 120 patients (30.5%) had an iVAC applied. The overall rate of SSI was 19.8%. On multivariate analysis, increased risk for SSI was associated with neoadjuvant therapy, preoperative biliary interventions and prior abdominal surgery. iVAC use decreased the rate of SSI (OR 0.45, p = 0.015). In the highest-risk patients, SSI rate declined from 50% in patients without an iVAC to 19.1% with iVAC use (p = 0.015). Conclusion The use of an iVAC following pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with decreased SSI rates. This is particularly true for patients at highest risk as defined by a previously established risk scoring system in patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Initial experience with a SiPM-based PET/CT scanner: influence of acquisition time on image quality.

A newly introduced PET/CT scanner (Discovery Meaningful Insights—DMI, GE Healthcare) includes the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) with time-of-flight (TOF) technology first used in the GE SIGNA PET/MRI. In this study, we investigated the impact of various acquisition times on image quality using this SiPM-based PET/CT. We reviewed data from 58 participants with cancer who were scanned using the DMI PET/CT scanner. The administered dosages ranged 295.3–429.9 MBq (mean ± SD 356.3 ± 37.4) and imaging started at 71–142 min (mean ± SD 101.41 ± 17.52) after administration of the radiopharmaceutical. The patients’ BMI ranged 19.79–46.16 (mean ± SD 26.55 ± 5.53). We retrospectively reconstructed the raw TOF data at 30, 60, 90, and 120 s/bed and at the standard image acquisition time per clinical protocol (180 or 210 s/bed depending on BMI). Each reconstruction was reviewed blindly by two nuclear medicine physicians and scored 1–5 (1—poor, 5—excellent quality). The liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was used as a quantitative measure of image quality. The average scores ± SD of the readers were 2.61 ± 0.83, 3.70 ± 0.92, 4.36 ± 0.82, 4.82 ± 0.39, and 4.91 ± 0.91 for the 30, 60, 90, and 120 s/bed and at standard acquisition time, respectively. Inter-reader agreement on image quality assessment was good, with a weighted kappa of 0.80 (95% CI 0.72–0.81). In the evaluation of the effects of time per bed acquisition on semi-quantitative measurements, we found that the only time point significantly different from the standard time were 30 and 60 s (both with P 25, images can be acquired as fast as 90 s/bed using the SiPM PET/CT and still result in very good image quality (average score > 4).
Conclusion: An Incipient Arabism?

The 1840s saw the emergence of a new literary school, Victorianism, and introduced a clear demarcation between Orientalism and Arabism. Browning’s Ishmaelism or Arabism clearly distinguished itself from the exotic Orientalist mode and Turkomania of his time. The East, especially the Arab East, would become synonymous with a new form of chivalry that merged wisdom and freedom. No one embodied the ‘spirit of Arabia’ more eloquently than the Algerian Abd-el-Kader. It is unsurprising that many Victorian authors paid tribute to the Algerian Emir. Browning’s Arabism interprets the Orient in a new light. His Arabs were complex composites of Eastern sensibilities, nationalities, faiths, and origins. Browning was a precursor to the provocative conception of a vibrant, dynamic East essential to the spiritual regeneration of the North.
Surgery of the Bovine Forestomach Compartments

Surgery of the forestomach compartments is performed in bovine practices for the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases, including traumatic reticuloperitonitis, perireticular abscess, vagal indigestion, and grain overload. Through a left Hank laparotomy, the cranial abdomen is first explored by palpation for adhesions or masses. A rumenotomy allows thorough examination of the lumen of the rumen and reticulum. Surgical correction of disease may require emptying of the rumen, removal of a foreign body, or drainage of an abscess into the reticulum. With some abscesses, single aspiration and lavage of the abscess capsule or drainage of the abscess through the body wall, following a ventral celiotomy, is required. If adhesions associated with disease do not affect the innervation of the forestomach, the prognosis for return to functional status within the herd is good. Adhesions involving the medial wall of the reticulum or pericardial and myocardial disease due to extensions of traumatic reticuloperitonitis have a very poor prognosis, and thus slaughter should be considered in affected cases.
Posterior Approach to Meckel's Cave: Retrosigmoid Craniectomy with Endoscopic Assistance.

Background Meckel's cave involvement in tumors pose a challenge due to their surrounding neurovascular structure and deep location. Case Review A 24-year-old male presented with progressive headaches and right sided trigeminal neuralgia with a large epidermoid. The tumor extended from the ambient cistern to the cerebellomedullary cistern and involved Meckel's cave ( Fig. 1 ). Technical Note/Video Description A retrosigmoid craniectomy was performed. Cranial nerves 3, 4, 6, 7, and 10, and auditory brainstem responses were monitored. Once the craniectomy was completed the dura was opened and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was released from the cisterna magna to allow for the tumor resection to be done without the use of any retractors ( Fig. 2 ). Care was taken to ensure that cranial nerves in the posterior fossa were detethered to prevent any traction injury. Using ring curettes the pearly white epidermoid tumor was able to be debulked. After all the possible tumor was resected with the microscope, the 30-degree endoscope was used to identify the porus trigeminus. Malleable ring curettes and a malleable suction were used to remove the soft tumor from this location. The patient transiently had loss of hearing but this returned within 2 weeks after surgery. Conclusions The retrosigmoid approach is familiar to all neurosurgeons and with the adjunct of an angled endoscope, the posterior Meckel's cave can be easily reached. This is particularly useful for tumors with soft consistency. The assistance of the endoscope allows Meckel's cave visualization without additional drilling while still allowing safe resection of tumor from around the trigeminal nerve. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/01aqOyUmSW0 .
On two-dimensional self-similar axisymmetric vortices

Superpositions of Lamb-Oseen axisymmetric vortices with Gaussian vorticity having zero net circulation and finite kinetic energy in unbounded domain are considered. Their evolution is described by self-similar solutions depending on a certain combination of space, time, and viscous diffusion. It is shown that the structure of a popular self-similar solution for a shielded vortex with Gaussian fluid rotation rate corresponds to two Lamb-Oseen vortices with opposite sign and nearly the same spatial scale. The radial structure of a combined vortex with different spatial scales is well suited for characterization of realistic vortical structures like atmospheric hurricanes. The linear stability of the combined vortex is investigated. The results have important implications for better understanding of vortex structures in two-dimensional flow.
Presumed species synonymy in the genus Allogynaspis Krantz, 2018 (Acari: Macrochelidae)

Macrocheles bolivari Iavorschi, 1987 was described in a volume of invited papers on hypogean invertebrate fauna collected primarily in Venezuela in 1982 during the first Romanian/Venezuelan Biospeleogical Expedition [corrected]. The volume, "Hypogean and hemiedaphic fauna from Venezuela and other countries of South America. 1" was recently brought to my attention by Bruce Halliday, who recognised the similarity between Iavorschi's M. bolivari and Allogynaspis flechtmanni Krantz, 2018, recently described from Brazil. Although some important opisthosomatic and gnathosomatic details were omitted from Iavorschi's description, the nature of the epigynal and dorsal shields (Iavorschi 1987, Figs 1A, B), along with the unusual fixed cheliceral digit dentition (Iavorschi 1987, Fig. 1C), leave little doubt that Macrocheles bolivari is a species of Allogynaspis. However, there are discrepancies between the descriptions of M. bolivari and A. flechtmanni, such that final verification of species synonymy may only be possible if type specimens of these two entities can be compared. Of special significance here are differences in sternal shield morphology and ornamentation (Krantz 2018, Fig. 2; Iavorschi 1987, Fig. 1A), and omission of any mention in Iavorschi's description of greatly enlarged setae on tarsus IV as described for A. flechtmanni (Krantz 2018, Fig. 6).
INADVERT: An Interactive and Adaptive Counterdeception Platform for Attention Enhancement and Phishing Prevention.

Deceptive attacks exploiting the innate and the acquired vulnerabilities of human users have posed severe threats to information and infrastructure security. This work proposes INADVERT, a systematic solution that generates interactive visual aids in real-time to prevent users from inadvertence and counter visual-deception attacks. Based on the eye-tracking outcomes and proper data compression, the INADVERT platform automatically adapts the visual aids to the user's varying attention status captured by the gaze location and duration. We extract system-level metrics to evaluate the user's average attention level and characterize the magnitude and frequency of the user's mind-wandering behaviors. These metrics contribute to an adaptive enhancement of the user's attention through reinforcement learning. To determine the optimal hyper-parameters in the attention enhancement mechanism, we develop an algorithm based on Bayesian optimization to efficiently update the design of the INADVERT platform and maximize the accuracy of the users' phishing recognition.
Snow dune growth increases polar heat fluxes

Abstract. Falling snow often accumulates in dunes. These bedforms are found on up to 14 % of the surface of Earth, and appear occasionally on other planets. They have been associated with increased heat ﬂuxes and rapid sea ice melting (Petrich et al., 2012; Popovic et al., 2018). Their formation, however, is poorly understood (Filhol and Sturm, 2015; Kochanski et al., 2019a; Sharma et al., 2019). Here, we use ﬁeld observations to show that dune growth is controlled by snowfall rate and wind speed. We then use numerical experiments to generate simulated dune topographies under varied wind and snowfall conditions, and use those to quantify conductive and radiative heat ﬂuxes through snow. Our results show that dune growth leads to decreased snow cover, more variable snow depth, and signiﬁcant increases in surface energy ﬂuxes. We provide quantitative results that will allow modelers to account for the impact of snow bedforms in snow, sea ice, and climate simulations. In addition, this work offers a starting point for process-based studies of one of the most widespread bedforms on Earth.
Globally Coupled Finite Geometry and Finite Field LDPC Coding Schemes

This paper presents two types of concatenated LDPC coding schemes which are viewed as generalized globally coupled ( GC ) LDPC coding schemes in which outer codes serve as the local codes for correcting local errors and inner codes serve as global coupling codes to correct global errors. The first type of concatenated LDPC coding scheme globally couples a finite geometry (FG) LDPC code as the local code and a finite field (FF) LDPC code as the global coupling code. This type of global coupling, called GC-FG/FF-LDPC coupling , combines the distinct features of both FG- and FF-LDPC codes to achieve low error rates at a rapid decoding convergence and an error performance close to the Shannon limit. Decoding of a GC-FG/FF-LDPC code is carried out in two iterative phases , global/local or local/global. In the second type of concatenated LDPC coding scheme, both local and global coupling codes are FF-LDPC codes. If both local and global coupling codes are constructed from the same finite field and have the same graphical structures, a GC-FF/FF-LDPC code can be decoded in one phase or two phases iteratively, otherwise, it can be decoded in two phases. Construction of GC-FF/FF-LDPC codes is very flexible in lengths and rates. The proposed two-phase iterative decoding is practically implementable.
The Politics of Nutrition: An Agenda for Action

I was very pleased, in reading the main objective and the interesting and comprehensive program for this Congress, to see the emphasis on multisectorial knowledge in finding solutions to our food and nutrition problems. I am convinced that only through the multidisciplinary approach, linking the science of nutrition with the other health and the socioeconomic sciences, can we hope to deal with the great complexities of the food and nutrition situation. H.L. Mencken once said, “For every complex problem there is one simple and obvious solution. And it’s wrong.” Paradoxically, I think that should give us hope.
Silanes and their Derivatives

Publisher Summary The silanes or “silicon hydrides” may be regarded as the silicon analogues of the paraffin hydrocarbons and form an analogous homologous series of compounds of the general formula Si.H2.+2. Just as one or more of the hydrogen atoms of paraffin may be replaced by other elements or groups so also can the hydrogen atoms of a silane are replaced either partly or completely by C1. N. 0. K organic groups etc. A very large number of silicon compounds, in which all the hydrogen atoms of a silane have been replaced by organic groups are known, and many of these are relatively complex. A large number of derivatives are also known in which hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a combination of alkyl and aryl groups and oxygen, viz., to give the “∼iloxanes,a∼ ∼c lass of compounds containing alternating –Si-O4i-O- linkages, which are commonly found in “silicone” polymers. If all the hydrogen atoms are replaced by a combination of oxygen and OX4 groups (M = a metal, e.g., Na, Ca) then glasses-complex metal silicates-are formed. If they are all replaced by oxygen then the result is Si02. It is not possible to include, in this chapter, the enormous number of organo silicon compounds, siloxanes, and silicates which are known. The discussion will instead be limited primarily to a description of the parent silanes and their simple derivatives.
Polarization preservation of white-light supercontinuum generation

We demonstrate that the supercontinuum picosecond generation (SC) preserves the polarization state, linear, elliptical and circular, of the pump source. Additionally, an analysis of the main mechanism was done based on the spectra polarization dependence.
Fracture characteristics of angleplied laminates fabricated from overaged graphite/epoxy prepreg

A series of angleplied graphite/epoxy laminates was fabricated from overaged prepreg and tested in tension to investigate the effects of overaged or advanced cure material on the degradation of laminate strength. Results, which include fracture stresses, indicate a severe degradation in strength. In addition, the fracture surfaces and microstructural characteristics are distinctly unlike any features observed in previous tests of this prepreg and laminate configuration. Photographs of the surfaces and microstructures reveal flat morphologies consisting of alternate rows of fibers and hackles. These fracture surface characteristics are independent of the laminate configurations. The photomicrographs are presented and compared with data from similar studies to show the unique characteristics produced by the overage prepreg. Analytical studies produced results which agreed with those from the experimental investigations.
Learning middle school mathematics through student designed and constructed video games

Mathematics achievement is an area in which American precollege students are faltering. Emerging research suggests that making mathematics instruction relevant and applicable in the lives of youth may impact math achievement, especially when it capitalizes on high-interest technologies such as video games. Employing a quasi-experimental and descriptive approach, this study examined the mathematics (i.e., numbers and operations, algebra, geometry, measurement, and probability) that middle school students employed during their design and construction of video games. First, it examined the mathematics content learned by 19 sixth and seventh graders during their analysis, synthesis, and programming of three video game projects over 7 months. Second, it measured the ability of the student programmers to laterally transfer mathematics content from the technology context of game production to the traditional context of paper-and-pencil tests. Third, it evaluated student attitudes toward mathematics prior to and following video game design and construction. The performance of student programmers was compared with that of a control group of nonprogrammers on measures of transfer and affect. Results indicated that middle grade students successfully identified the events defining game play (e.g., motion, collisions, and scoring) of three, simple video game models. They successfully represented video game events in both mathematical and programming forms by writing and coding (a) boundary conditions using inequalities, (b) coordinate locations and identification of coordinate convergence, (c) directional headings, (d) uniform linear motion, (e) variable changes, and (f) probability-based consequences. They were also successful in writing programming code for their own functional video games, with a high percentage of relevant mathematics content incorporated therein. However, while treatment students transferred mathematical knowledge from the technology to the traditional context, it appeared that, without explicit bridging, the transfer was no better than comparison students. Treatment students also demonstrated no significant changes in attitude associated with designing and constructing video games. This study demonstrated that video game design and construction can be a viable - although not significantly different - method, cognitively and affectively, of instructing age-appropriate, standards-based mathematics content.
ROLE OF GRAMIN BANKS IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT OF HARYANA

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the development of the Indian economy. It accounts for about 19.00 per cent of GDP and about two-thirds of the population is dependent on the sector. The importance of farm credit as a critical input to agriculture is reinforced by the unique role of Indian agriculture in the macroeconomic framework and its role in poverty alleviation. The present study was conducted on Haryana Gramin Bank in the districts viz; Hisar (Neoli Kalan) and Ambala (Patvi). A sample of 120 respondents from the four villages falling under Neoli Kalan and Patvi branches were considered for studying the pattern of deposit mobilization, recovery performance, borrowing pattern and diversion. It was concluded that deposits and loans advanced from the banks have continuously increased over a period of time. Haryana Gramin Bank played a significant role to increase of income of the farmers with the help of loans which increased the productivity of different crops and made the farmers capable of taking up the new technologies in agriculture.
Configuration space Faddeev calculations

The triton ground-state wave function calculated using the Reid soft-core potential is displayed in configuration space. Both the S-state and D-state Schrodinger wave function components and the Faddeev amplitudes from which they are constructed are plotted. Specific features resulting from the tensor nature of the two-body force and from the strong short-range repulsion of the potential are discussed. Comparisons with corresponding functions generated by the Malfliet-Tjon s-wave potential model are made. Several intuitive features of the Schrodinger wave function are discussed.
Outpatient follow-up and return to school after emergency department evaluation among children with persistent post-concussion symptoms

AbstractObjective: To describe differences in outpatient follow-up and academic accommodations received by children with and without persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) after emergency department (ED) evaluation. It was hypothesized that children with PPCS would have more outpatient visits and receive academic accommodations more often than children without PPCS and that follow-up would be positively associated with receiving accommodations.Methods: Children aged 8–18 years with acute (≤6hours) concussion at time of presentation to a paediatric ED were enrolled in an observational study. Outcomes were assessed through a telephone survey 30 days after injury.Results: Of 234 enrolled participants, 179 (76%) completed follow-up. PPCS occurred in 21%. Only 45% of subjects had follow-up visits after ED discharge. Follow-up visit rates were similar for those with and without PPCS (58% vs. 41%, respectively; p = 0.07). Children with PPCS missed twice as many school days as those without (3 vs. 1.5; p < 0....
Implantable Resonators - A Technique for Repeated Measurement of Oxygen at Multiple Deep Sites with In Vivo EPR

EPR oximetry using implantable resonators allows measurements at much deeper sites than are possible with surface resonators (> 80 vs. 10 mm) and achieves greater sensitivity at any depth. We report here the development of an improved technique that enables us to obtain the information from multiple sites and at a variety of depths. The measurements from the various sites are resolved using a simple magnetic field gradient. In the rat brain multi-probe implanted resonators measured pO(2) at several sites simultaneously for over 6 months under normoxic, hypoxic, and hyperoxic conditions. This technique also facilitates measurements in moving parts of the animal such as the heart, because the orientation of the paramagnetic material relative to the sensing loop is not altered by the motion. The measured response is fast, enabling measurements in real time of physiological and pathological changes such as experimental cardiac ischemia in the mouse heart. The technique also is quite useful for following changes in tumor pO(2), including applications with simultaneous measurements in tumors and adjacent normal tissues.
Improving the time resolution of schedules generated via Lagrangian relaxation algorithms

A method is presented which enables relaxation algorithms to efficiently consider fractional utilization of larger time blocks, and thus quickly resolve the schedule into increments that match the precision of the known processing times. Although demonstrated here to be effective on the complicated job shop scheduling problem, the method can easily be extended to other manufacturing environments. >
Genitourinary mast cells and survival

Mast cells (MCs) are ubiquitous in the body, but they have historically been associated with allergies, and most recently with regulation of immunity and inflammation. However, it remains a puzzle why so many MCs are located in the diencephalon, which regulates emotions and in the genitourinary tract, including the bladder, prostate, penis, vagina and uterus that hardly ever get allergic reactions. A number of papers have reported that MCs have estrogen, gonadotropin and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors. Moreover, animal experiments have shown that diencephalic MCs increase in number during courting in doves. We had reported that allergic stimulation of nasal MCs leads to hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) activation. Interestingly, anecdotal information indicates that female patients with mastocytosis or mast cell activation syndrome may have increased libido. Preliminary evidence also suggests that MCs may have olfactory receptors. MCs may, therefore, have been retained phylogenetically not only to “smell danger”, but to promote survival and procreation.
Reliably distinguishing states in qutrit channels using one-way LOCC

We present numerical evidence showing that any three-dimensional subspace of C^3 \otimes C^n has an orthonormal basis which can be reliably distinguished using one-way LOCC, where a measurement is made first on the 3-dimensional part and the result used to select an optimal measurement on the n-dimensional part. This conjecture has implications for the LOCC-assisted capacity of certain quantum channels, where coordinated measurements are made on the system and environment. By measuring first in the environment, the conjecture would imply that the environment-assisted classical capacity of any rank three channel is at least log 3. Similarly by measuring first on the system side, the conjecture would imply that the environment-assisting classical capacity of any qutrit channel is log 3. We also show that one-way LOCC is not symmetric, by providing an example of a qutrit channel whose environment-assisted classical capacity is less than log 3.
Superconductivity, Energy Storage and Switching

The phenomenon of superconductivity can contribute to the technology of energy storage and switching in two distinct ways. On one hand, the zero resistivity of the superconductor can produce essentially infinite time constants, so that an inductive storage system can be charged from very low power sources. On the other hand, the recovery of finite resistivity in a normal-going superconducting switch can take place in extremely short times, so that a system can be made to deliver energy at a very high power level. Topics reviewed include: physics of superconductivity, limits to switching speed of superconductors, physical and engineering properties of superconducting materials and assemblies, switching methods, load impedance considerations, refrigeration economics, limitations imposed by present day and near term technology, performance of existing and planned energy storage systems, and a comparison with some alternative methods of storing and switching energy.
A Ramseyian theorem on products of trees

Abstract If S, T, and U are posets, let U → (S, T)2 mean that for any coloring ξ: U → {red, blue}, either there exists a red copy of S or a blue copy of T in U. We prove that if S and T are finitary trees, then S × T → (S, T)2.
Structure―Stability Relationships in Cocrystal Hydrates: Does the Promiscuity of Water Make Crystalline Hydrates the Nemesis of Crystal Engineering?

This contribution addresses the role of water molecules in crystal engineering by studying the crystal structures and thermal stabilities of 11 new cocrystal hydrates, all of which were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The cocrystal hydrates can be grouped into four categories based upon thermal stability: (1) water is lost at 120 °C; (4) dehydration occurs concurrently with the melt of the cocrystal. In order to address if there is any correlation between structure and stability, the following factors were considered: type of hydrate (tunnel hydrate or isolated hydrate); number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors; hydrogen bond distances; packing efficiency. Category 1 hydrates exhibit water molecules in tunnels. However, no structure/stability correlations exist in any o...
Beyond texts in context: Recontextualization and the co-production of texts and contexts in the legal discourse, excited utterance exception to hearsay:

The excited utterance exception to hearsay from the US Federal Rules of Evidence (US Courts, 2006: Section 8) is a special kind of reported speech — the repetition of an utterance that reports an event, made prior to the courtroom interaction, in response to exciting circumstances, to a passive third party. This reported speech and the rules that govern it provide insight into the discursive relationship between text and context. This article uses the excited utterance exception to develop a theory of recontextualization, building on research that shows that texts do not merely constitute contexts, nor do contexts neatly hold and inform the texts embedded in them. Contexts are complex and subjective matrices made up of utterances, texts, actions and events, and these matrices are themselves open to recontextualization. This analysis shows that legal discourse simplifies and constrains both texts and contexts, and positions them causally in the recursive and simultaneous processes of entextualization and r...
Major Bleeding Complications in a Specialized Anticoagulation Service

Major bleeding complications were investigated in 2,460 patients with 3,684 patient-years of warfarin exposure from 2000 to 2003. The most common indications for anticoagulation were atrial fibrillation (30%), venous thromboembolic disease (28%), and mechanical heart valve prosthesis (15%). Eleven patients had 12 nonfatal major bleeding complications, with no fatal bleeds during the study. The incidence of major bleeding complications was 0.12%/year; there were 0.32 bleeds/100 patient-years of coverage. Of the 12 bleeding events, 5 (42%) were intracranial hemorrhages. The average hospitalization cost per patient was $15,988, and the average length of hospitalization was 6.0 days.
Pulse position modulated (PPM) ground receiver design for optical communications from deep space

In the present report, requirements and design of a prototype PPM receiver being designed for development over the next year will be elaborated.
A relatively low cumulative survival rate (CSR) over 5 years when endosseous tapered dental implants are placed either immediately after tooth removal or according to a delayed-placement protocol

Original Article Perry J, Lenchewski E. Clinical Performance on 5-year retrospective evaluation of Frialit-2 implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19:887-91. Level of Evidence 2b Purpose The purpose of this study was to report the outcome of placing Frialit-2 tapered dental implants either immediately after tooth extraction or following a healing period of 8 to 12 weeks. Source of Funding Information not available Type of Study/Design Cohort study
Control of Catalytic Cycle by a Pair of Analogous tRNA Modification Enzymes

Enzymes that use distinct active site structures to perform identical reactions are known as analogous enzymes. The isolation of analogous enzymes suggests the existence of multiple enzyme structural pathways that can catalyze the same chemical reaction. A fundamental question concerning analogous enzymes is whether their distinct active-site structures would confer the same or different kinetic constraints to the chemical reaction, particularly with respect to the control of enzyme turnover. Here, we address this question with the analogous enzymes of bacterial TrmD and its eukaryotic and archaeal counterpart Trm5. TrmD and Trm5 catalyze methyl transfer to synthesize the m1G37 base at the 3' position adjacent to the tRNA anticodon, using S-adenosyl methionine (AdoMet) as the methyl donor. TrmD features a trefoil-knot active-site structure whereas Trm5 features the Rossmann fold. Pre-steady-state analysis revealed that product synthesis by TrmD proceeds linearly with time, whereas that by Trm5 exhibits a rapid burst followed by a slower and linear increase with time. The burst kinetics of Trm5 suggests that product release is the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, consistent with the observation of higher enzyme affinity to the products of tRNA and AdoMet. In contrast, the lack of burst kinetics of TrmD suggests that its turnover is controlled by a step required for product synthesis. Although TrmD exists as a homodimer, it showed half-of-the-sites reactivity for tRNA binding and product synthesis. The kinetic differences between TrmD and Trm5 are parallel with those between the two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, which use distinct active site structures to catalyze tRNA aminoacylation. This parallel suggests that the findings have a fundamental importance for enzymes that catalyze both methyl and aminoacyl transfer to tRNA in the decoding process.
Scalar labelings for homotopy paths

Two scalar labelings are introduced for obtaining approximate solutions to systems of nonlinear equations by simplicial approximation. Under reasonable assumptions the new scalar-labeling algorithms are shown to follow, in a limiting sense, homotopy paths which can also be tracked by piecewise linear vector labeling algorithms. Though the new algorithms eliminate the need to pivot on a system of linear equations, the question of relative computational efficiency is unresolved.
One Property of Attenuation And Estimation of Seismic Attenuation From Field Data

Estimation of attenuation of seismic waves is of practical importance because of two main reasons. The first, attenuation parameters of rocks may be used in geophysical interpretation. The other reason is that attenuation changes shape of seismic wavelet. To obtain a spike reflection trace this change should be eliminated, (e.g., by Q-deconvolution). Q-filters require an estimation of the attenuation. Attenuation can be accurately measured in the laboratory, but field estimations contain significant error (Tonn, 1991). High levels of noise, unknown velocity structure of a medium and non exact divergence correction are usually given as reasons for low quality of the field measurements. Investigation of one internal property of seismic attenuation, namely a value of a constant component of the attenuation coefficient, is a subject of this paper, It is shown that this value may be significant and, so, may result in considerable estimation error when spectral ratio technique, the most spread method to estimate seismic attenuation, is used.
Personalized treatment of EGFR mutant and ALK-positive patients in NSCLC

Introduction: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is mutated in 15% of adenocarcinomas of the lung. In addition, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is altered in 8% of adenocarcinomas of the lung. Treatment of EGFR mutant and ALK translocation-positive tumors in NSCLC with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) results in a dramatic therapeutic response and has revolutionized therapy. Unfortunately, resistance to TKIs invariably develops. Many promising new therapies are under investigation to overcome the resistance.Areas covered: We analyzed the current primary literature and recent national meetings to evaluate the clinical characteristics and therapeutic implications of relevant treatments for EGFR mutant and ALK-positive NSCLC in the first-line, acquired resistance, and adjuvant settings.Expert opinion: Treatment with EGFR TKIs in the first-line setting of EGFR mutant NSCLC results in a significant clinical benefit. Several promising third generation EGFR TKIs are being evaluated in Phase II and ...
Evidence for supporting cell mitosis in response to acoustic trauma in the avian inner ear

Acoustic overstimulation can lead to sensory cell (hair cell) loss in the auditory epithelium. Damaged hair cells in the organ of Corti (the mammalian auditory end-organ) degenerate and are replaced by non-sensory cells (supporting cells) which construct an irreversible scar. In birds, however, auditory hair cells which are damaged by acoustic trauma or ototoxic drugs may be replaced by new hair cells. As first step in determining the mechanism of hair cell regeneration, we developed an assay for cell divisions in the auditory epithelium after acoustic trauma. The results of these experiments demonstrate that supporting cells in damaged regions of the auditory epithelium incorporate the DNA-specific marker bromodeoxyuridine as early as one day after noise exposure. We provide direct evidence that following acoustic insult to the avian inner ear, supporting cells which reside within the sensory epithelium divide near the luminal surface and repopulate the epithelium. These results suggest that supporting cells participate in scar formation during hair cell degeneration, and produce new cells for regeneration.
Pyramidal slip in magnesium: Dislocations and stacking fault on the {1011} plane

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented to illustrate the pyramidal slip processes on the plane (also a twinning plane) in magnesium. The simulations reveal an interesting slip mode consisting of two separate partial dislocations that nucleate independently. These dislocations glide in a slightly corrugated fashion on the non-close-packed plane, each having both ⟨c⟩ and ⟨a⟩ components. The first dislocation glides with an effective Burgers vector ( is also the twinning vector η1), and the second dislocation with an effective Burgers vector . When operating separately, the first incomplete dislocation leads to a wide stacking fault on the plane. When the second dislocation follows and combines with the first dislocation at the surface, the net end result is equivalent to a ⟨c + a⟩ dislocation. However, inside the crystal there is no unit ⟨c + a⟩ dislocation per se or its splitting.