cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ARTERIAL GAS EMBOLISM AND HEMOCONCENTRATION

The charts of all patients with diving-related accidents presenting between 1983 and 1991 were reviewed. Individuals who sustained a neurologic deficit attributable to occlusion of part of the cerebral circulation within 10 minutes of surfacing from a dive and who had a depth time profile less than 80% of the U.S. Navy "no-stop" limits were considered to have had an arterial gas embolism. Their records were reviewed to determine the hematocrit upon first presentation and the final hematocrit prior to discharge or death. Twenty-three patients had hematocrit determinations on more than one occasion. There was a significant decrease from initial to final hematocrit for these patients. No source of significant blood loss was identified in any patient. A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of the fall in hematocrit and the eventual neurologic outcome. We conclude that gas embolism diagnosed using the above criteria produces hemoconcentration, and the degree of hemoconcentration correlates with the severity of the gas embolism. These observations suggest that the pathophysiology of gas embolism is more complex than previously thought and must include diffuse endothelial injury resulting in leak of fluid from the intravascular space.
Mollusk-derived growth factor: cloning and developmental expression in the central nervous system and reproductive tract of Aplysia

We have isolated and characterized an atrial gland cDNA that corrects the previously reported sequence for Aplysia atrial gland granule-specific antigen (AGSA), a glycoprotein of unknown function. We designated the protein mollusk-derived growth factor (MDGF) to distinguish the revised sequence from AGSA and to emphasize its similarity to an insect-derived growth factor (IDGF). We describe MDGF mRNA expression that suggests a possible role during embryonic development and CNS injury repair.
Performance of a Real-Time EtherCAT Master Under Linux

The adoption of open-source operating systems for the execution of real-time applications is gaining popularity, even in the networked control systems domain, due to cost and flexibility reasons. However, as opposed to their commercial counterparts, the actual performance level to be expected from them is still little known and may often depend on the kind of real-time extension being used, its configuration, and the overall software load of the system, including best-effort components. In this paper, an open-source EtherCAT master supported by a popular real-time extension for Linux, the RT Patch, is thoroughly evaluated with long-term measurements, which build confidence on the suitability of the proposed approach for real-world applications. Special attention is devoted to the unexpected, adverse effect that some best-effort components, for instance, graphics applications, may have on the overall real-time characteristics of the system. For reference, the proposed approach is also compared with RTAI, a more traditional and well-known real-time extension for Linux already in use for demanding applications.
Histopathologic Recognition and Grading of Dysplastic Melanocytic Nevi: An Interobserver Agreement Study

Before the controversies surrounding dysplastic melanocytic nevi are resolved, dermatopathologists must be able to reliably distinguish dysplastic nevi from common acquired nevi and malignant melanoma. To establish whether grading of melanocytic dysplasia has any biologic relevance, dermatopathologists must be able to consistently recognize two or more grades of atypia. We studied the concordance among five dermatopathologists for recognition and grading of 60 nevomelanocytic lesions. Ten cases from each of the following categories of melanocytic proliferation were retrieved from the Massachusetts General Hospital files: (1) common melanocytic nevi, (2) melanocytic nevi with features of dysplastic nevi, (3) dysplastic nevi with slight cytologic atypia, (4) dysplastic nevi with moderate cytologic atypia, (5) dysplastic nevi with severe cytologic atypia, and (6) primary malignant melanoma. The slides were reviewed independently; no discussion of diagnostic criteria preceded the review. Overall concordance for diagnosing dysplastic nevi was 77%, with a kappa statistic of 0.55–0.84. Furthermore, in grading dysplastic nevi, experienced dermatopathologists had a concordance ranging from 35 to 58% (kappa value 0.38–0.47). Those with less experience in grading dysplastic nevi had a concordance of 16–65% (kappa value 0.05–0.24). The five observers in this study reliably distinguished dysplastic nevi from common acquired nevi and malignant melanoma. Further refinement of the criteria for grading of nevomelanocytic dysplasia and experience in grading are critical for accuracy in subcategorization of dysplastic nevi. Consistent, reproducible subcategorization or dysplastic nevi is a requisite before the issue of biologic or prognostic relevance of grading (dysplastic nevi) can be addressed. This study supports the validity of existing criteria for the diagnosis of dysplastic nevi because the problems in diagnosis were at the limits of the spectrum, namely, discrimination of slightly atypical dysplastic nevi from common nevi and severely atypical dysplastic nevi from radial growth phase melanoma.
Electoral Engineering and Cross-National Turnout Differences: What Role for Compulsory Voting?

Low electoral turnout is often considered to be bad for democracy, whether inherently or because it calls legitimacy into question or because low turnout implies lack of representation of certain groups and inegalitarian policies. Yet there would appear to be a straightforward cure for low turnout: make voting compulsory. Of the twenty-five countries in the International Almanac of Electoral History for which Katz has collected institutional data, four have compulsory voting. Turnout in these countries averages 89 per cent, as compared to 75 per cent in the other twenty-one countries.
The symmetric rank-one quasi-Newton method is a space-dilation subgradient algorithm

It is well-known that a particular choice of the parameters in Shor's subgradient algorithm with space dilation in the direction of the gradient yields the ellipsoid method. We show that another choice of these parameters leads to the quasi-Newton method that uses the symmetric rank-one update and direct prediction. One curious feature is that the sequence of approximate inverse Hessian matrices lags by one in the former description; this necessitates a different starting matrix or an unusual update at the first step. While the similarity between update formulae in space-dilation and quasi-Newton methods has been observed by several researchers, our result seems to be the first showing a precise equivalence. We note that apparently this equivalence cannot be extended to other quasi-Newton methods (for smooth optimization) or space-dilation methods (for non-smooth optimization). Nevertheless, we feel that our result gives insight into the relationship between these two classes of algorithms, and hope that it will suggest new efficient methods for non-smooth problems.
THE 2-STAGE HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR. IS IT A MISNOMER?

ABSTRACT Purpose: The repair of penoscrotal or perineal hypospadias with severe chordee may require division of the urethral plate to facilitate repair. While a 2-stage approach to these difficult cases has been advocated, we have used a modified tubularized transverse preputial island flap (TPIF) repair as a 1-stage procedure. We compare our results with both procedures. Materials and Methods: Between 1997 and 2001, 1 surgeon (DAC) performed 22 penoscrotal or scrotal hypospadias repairs that required transection of the urethral plate. A TPIF or planned 2-stage repair was done in 12 and 10 boys, respectively. The TPIF was modified by suturing the medial edge of the island flap along the length of the corpora recreating a urethral plate and then tubularizing a neourethra. The 2-stage approach consisted first of mobilizing skin to the ventrum of the penis followed 6 to 12 months later by a urethroplasty. At followup cosmetic and functional results were assessed. Results: The TPIF and staged repair groups have been followed for a mean 24.5 and 43.5 months following the first repair, respectively. Of the 12 boys undergoing a TPIF 2 (16.7%) required a fistula repair or meatoplasty while 7 of 10 (70%) required at least 1 additional operation after the stage 2 urethroplasty (p Conclusions: In our experience the staged approach to the repair of severe hypospadias requires significantly more cumulative surgical attempts than the modified TPIF. Indeed, in the majority of our cases the so-called “2-stage hypospadias repair” was a misnomer. The TPIF offers a reliable 1-stage repair. We prefer this approach to staged repairs even for severe hypospadias.
Holographic interferometry of intact and radially incised human eye-bank corneas

Many methods to measure corneal elasticity destroy the tissue and thereby produce erroneous results. Holographic interferometry, a highly precise nondestructive optical comparison technique, was used to evaluate corneal elasticity of intact eye-bank eyes. A double-pulse holographic interferometer operating at 632.8 nm was used to measure corneal deformation in 20 whole-globe eyes from donors 45 to 83 years of age for intraocular pressures from 16 mm Hg to 21 mm Hg. Stress was computed from LaPlace's law, and arc length strain was derived from z-axis distention of the central cornea. The stress-strain relationship in the normal physiological range of intraocular pressure was linear with a Young's elastic modulus of 1.03 gigapascals for the central cornea (r = 0.999). During interferometry of radial keratotomy of the cornea, interference fringe patterns developed in association with each incision as it was made. When four incisions were placed deep along each of the primary semimeridians, the fringe pattern developed as expected, based on current keratotomy models. When incisions were shallow (approximately 50% depth) and placed asymmetrically along the nasal, temporal, and superior semimeridians, the resulting surface strain was symmetrical about the central cornea, forming an annular pattern of interference fringes. These results indicate that when the cornea was stressed at physiological pressures as part of the intact whole globe, it was less elastic than excised corneal tissue tested by strip extensiometry. Radially incised corneas demonstrated strain patterns suggestive of inherent structural anisotropy with a possible inferior quadrant weakness.
Individual differences in self-concept among smokers attempting to quit: Validation and predictive utility of measures of the smoker self-concept and abstainer self-concept.

We tested a theoretical model of individual differences in smoking cessation using a social-cognitive conception of the self-concept. We developed and validated measures of the smoker self-concept and the abstainer self-concept. Each scale was shown to have good internal reliability and construct validity and was distinct from other important predictive measures used in smoking research (e.g. Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, smoking rate, motivation, self-efficacy). Importantly, we demonstrated the predictive validity of the self-concept scales. The interaction of baseline measures of the smoker self-concept and abstainer self-concept predicted smoking status three months after treatment; subjects were most likely to be abstinent if they began treatment with a strong abstainer selfconcept and a weak smoker self-concept. This interaction held over and above baseline smoking rate, Fagerstrom Tolerance scores, and measures of motivation and self-efficacy to quit. The utility of social-cognitive individual difference models and potential patient-treatment matching interventions are discussed.
The use of an integrated electroanatomic mapping system and intracardiac echocardiography to reduce radiation exposure in children and young adults undergoing ablation of supraventricular tachycardia.

Aims Non-fluoroscopic imaging (NFI) devices are increasingly used in ablations. The objective was to determine the utility of intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) in ablating paediatric supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) and assess whether its integrated use with electroanatomic mapping (EAM) resulted in lower radiation exposure than use of EAM alone. Methods and results Prospective, controlled, single-centre study of patients (pts) age ≥10 years, weight ≥35 kg, with SVT and normal cardiac anatomy. Patients were randomized to ICE + EAM (ICE) or EAM only (no ICE). Both had access to fluoroscopy as needed. Eighty-four pts were enroled (42 ICE, 42 no ICE). Median age was 15 years (range 10.4–23.7 years); 57% had accessory pathways, 42% atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. There was no difference in radiation dose (9 mGy ICE vs. 23 mGy no ICE, P = 0.37) or fluoroscopy time (1.1 min ICE vs. 1.5 min no ICE, P = 0.38). Transseptal punctures were performed in 25 pts (16 ICE, 9 no ICE), with ICE reducing radiation (8 mGy ICE vs. 62 mGy no ICE, P = 0.002) and fluoroscopy time (1.1 min ICE vs. 4.5 min no ICE, P = 0.01). Zero fluoroscopy was achieved in 13 pts (15% of total, 5 ICE, 8 no ICE), and low-dose cases (<50 mGy) in 57 pts (68% of total, 33 ICE, 24 no ICE). Acute success was 95% for ICE, 88% for no ICE. Conclusion Use of an integrated EAM/ICE system was no better than EAM alone in limiting radiation, but can be helpful for transseptal punctures. Given the low dose savings, use of ICE may be weighed against its financial cost. Low-fluoroscopy cases are performed in most NFI procedures.
Preparative purification ofTrichoderma reesei native and “core” cellobiohydrolase I by electrophoresis and chromatofocusing

The enzymes present in the cellulase complex produced by the fungus Trichoderma reesei have been the subject of considerable attention due to their potential for converting cellulosic materials into glucose for further use in fermentation processes. Cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I) is the major component of crude commercial fungal cellulase preparations and catalyzes the conversion of insoluble cellulose into cellobiose. We have been interested, recently, in the reduction of native and core'' CBH I (the primary structure of CBH I with a catalytic head region) and have needed to develop a method for their preparative purification. We now report that by using electrophoresis and chromatofocussing, preparative quantities of both native and core'' CBH I have been obtained. Since their pI values are different, milligram quantities of core'' CBH I can be generated and purified from the native enzyme by chromatofocussing within 2 hours. 13 refs., 7 figs., 2 tabs.
Phosphorylation shifts unitary conductance and modifies voltage dependent kinetics of human connexin43 gap junction channels

when applied to cells of differenttissues (e.g., 3). These different effects may be attribut­able to the different complements of gap junctionproteins expressed by the different cell types, to tissue­specific as distinct from connexin-specificeffects, ormayrepresent effects on distinct synthetic or processingstages in the expression pathway (4). To evaluate theeffects ofphosphorylating and dephosphorylating treat­ments on gating properties (voltage dependence andunitary conductance) of gap junctions formed of aknown connexin, we transfected a communication­deficient cell line (SKHep1) with cDNA encoding hu­man connexin43 (hCx43;5). Furthermore, we comparedthe gating properties of the wild type channels withthose truncated so as to remove the phosphorylationsites (6). These studies indicate that unitary conduc­tance and voltage dependent kinetics (but not equilib­rium) properties ofthe human connexin43 gap junctionchannel are affected by phosphorylation, and that thepresence ofthe carboxyl terminal phosphorylation sitesis not required for functional expression of junctionalchannels.
Egg-Citing! Isolation of Protoporphyrin IX from Brown Eggshells and Its Detection by Optical Spectroscopy and Chemiluminescence

A simple and cost-effective laboratory experiment is described that extracts protoporphyrin IX from brown eggshells. The porphyrin is characterized by UV−vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. A chemiluminescence reaction (peroxyoxalate ester fragmentation) is performed that emits light in the UV region. When the porphyrin extract is added as a fluor to this chemiluminescence reaction, an eye-catching deep red glow is emitted from the solution. Using a familiar object, an egg, the experiment touches upon many aspects in chemistry (natural products isolation, structure and photophysical properties of porphyrins, photochemistry). Focus is placed on the understanding of the optical properties of protoporphyrin that enable the final chemiluminescence experiment. This project is appropriate for upper-level organic chemistry students, but might also serve in the advanced physical chemistry laboratory to facilitate a more detailed discussion of photophysical phenomena. Finally, the chemiluminescence experiment is su...
The Effects of Periodontal Therapy on the Mast Cell Population in Gingival Tissues

The histologic condition of the gingival tissues was determined prior to and 4 weeks after scaling and curettage, then 4 months after periodontal osseous surgery in a group of eight patients with chronic periodontitis. The histopathologic changes were correlated with variations in mast cell population following the different modes of periodontal therapy.
Concomitant Longitudinal Changes in Frequency of and Bother From Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Community Dwelling Men

ABSTRACTPurpose: Care for men with benign prostatic hyperplasia consumes a sizable amount of health care resources, which is largely driven by bother from lower urinary tract symptoms. While cross-sectional studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between frequency of symptoms and associated bother, there are few longitudinal data demonstrating how these track together.Materials and Methods: In 1989, 2,115 white men between 40 and 79 years old were recruited from a random sample of the Olmsted County population. These men completed a self-administered questionnaire that assessed lower urinary tract symptom severity and associated bother with questions similar to those in the American Urological Association Symptom Index. Questionnaires were completed biennially thereafter through 1996.Results: Annualized changes in symptom score increased from a median of 0.02 per year (25th, 75th percentile −0.35, 0.60) for men in their forties to 0.43 (−0.12, 1.16) for men in their sixties. The median change in bo...
Thermogenic, respiratory, and ultrasonic responses of week‐old rats across the transition from moderate to extreme cold exposure

Previously, it was reported that week-old rats exposed to air temperatures that elicited submaximal levels of heat production (designated moderate cold exposure) remained asleep and did not vocalize (Blumberg & Stolba, 1996). In contrast, pups exposed to air temperatures that elicited maximal levels of heat production (designated extreme cold exposure) woke up and emitted ultrasonic vocalizations. We now report on the physiological and behavioral responses of pups in the transitional region between moderate and extreme air temperatures. Small decreases in air temperature across the transition resulted in pronounced decreases in physiological temperature and concomitant increases in ultrasound production. In a second experiment, it was shown that during moderate cold exposure respiratory frequency increased as air temperature decreased but, as extreme air temperatures were reached, respiratory frequency was maximized as ultrasound production began. The results from these two experiments illustrate how air temperatures that differ by as little as 2 degrees C can differentially modify the physiological and behavioral responses of neonates.
Visual discrimination and attention after bilateral temporal-lobe lesions: a case study

We studied a woman (Case 1) who acquired achromatopsia, prosopagnosia, and memory loss after sustaining bilateral temporal-lobe lesions. Given her symptoms and locus of lesion, the affected area may be related to the monkey visual area IT. In order to examine her deficits, we assessed her basic discrimination capacities in several domains. She performed normally when stimuli differed in contrast, size, or motion. her performance was abnormal for patterned targets, and was markedly impaired when the patterned targets were less prominent than distractors. This impairment decreased with practice. These symptoms partially resemble the deficits that have been found in monkeys with lesions in visual cortical area V4.
Intraoperative use of recombinant activated factor VII during complex aortic surgery.

Objective Postoperative bleeding is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after complex aortic surgery. Intraoperative coagulopathy is a well-known culprit in this process. Recombinant activated factor VII is increasingly used for the postoperative management of such bleeding. We report our experience with the intraoperative use of this agent. Methods We performed a propensity-matched analysis on 376 retrospectively identified patients who underwent aortic root, arch, or ascending aortic replacement surgeries from 1999 to 2010. We matched a total of 58 patients: recombinant activated factor VII–treated group (n = 29) and nonrecombinant activated factor VII–treated group (n = 29). We compared the matched patients on re-exploration, mortality, bleeding-related events, use of blood and blood products, length of intensive care unit stay, duration of hospitalization, and thrombotic complications. Results Propensity-matched patients had similar preoperative and intraoperative characteristics. The mean dose of recombinant activated factor VII group was 23 ± 12 μg/kg. We found significantly lower rates of surgical re-exploration ( P = .004), fewer prolonged intubations ( P = .004), less total chest tube output ( P = .01), and fewer units of packed red blood cells ( P = .01) and fresh-frozen plasma ( P = .04) transfused postoperatively in the recombinant activated factor VII group. There was no significant difference in mortality ( P = 1), duration of intensive care unit stay ( P = .44) or hospital stay ( P = .32), or thrombotic complications between the groups ( P = .5). Conclusions We recommend the intraoperative administration of low-dose recombinant activated factor VII but limited to the management of persistent, nonsurgical, mediastinal bleeding in aortic surgery. Further prospective randomized studies and larger cohorts are needed to verify these findings.
Kinetics of benzene hydrogenation by supported nickel at low temperature

A study of the kinetics of benzene hydrogenation at low temperatures is described which confirms and completes the present fragmentary information available in the literature. Such analysis may also be useful for the purposes of using the reaction as a model system in studies of reaction engineering problems. The results are consistent with a Rideal mechanism for the hydrogenation, proceeding via the molecular addition of hydrogen to adsorbed benzene. The very strong adsorption and the range of conditions over which zero order kinetics with respect to benzene are found support the π-bonding theory for benzene chemisorption.
Deep Trap Concentrations from Three-Dimensional Carrier Concentration Profiles in Hydride Vapor Pressure Epitaxially-Grown GaN

We have investigated deep trap concentrations in hydride vapor pressure epitaxy (HVPE) - grown GaN by measuring three-dimensional carrier concentration profiles and ionization energies. Schottky contacts were fabricated on 28-68μm thick films using Ni/Au contacts. Extensive capacitance-voltage measurements were made in the temperature range 100-350K at reverse bias voltages in the range 0 to –5V. Effective carrier concentrations and ionization energies were determined from three-dimensional plots of concentration-temperature-depth. Carrier concentration versus temperature plots show slowly changing three-step behavior. During the first step, all the plots rise linearly up to about 200K reaching respective plateaus before reversing courses downwards again linearly. Ionization energy plots, on the other hand, are almost linear all the way up to 350 K showing some tendency of upward bending. Trap concentrations were determined from carrier concentrations and previously measured deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) plots as function of reverse bias voltages. In almost every case, trap concentrations also rise linearly with increasing depth in the samples.
Pressure broadening of OCS in the 10μm region

Abstract We report diode laser heterodyne measurements of pressure-broadening coefficients of OCS in the 020°–00°0 vibrational band of OCS and compare these measurements and previously reported microwave measurements with calculations performed with a recent cutoff-free impact technique.
Glass and metal surfaces derivatized with self-assembled monolayers: Cell type-specific modulation of fibronectin adhesion functions

Methods were developed to chemically derivatize glass, titanium, and germanium surfaces with a covalently-linked, siloxane-anchored, and ordered thin film of functionalized organic molecules (self-assembled monolayer). Monolayers are comprised of a 14–17 carbon aliphatic chain terminating with one of many different chemical endgroups. The following endgroups were analyzed — [CH3], [C=C], [Br], [CN], [Diol], [COOH], [NH2], [SH], [SCOCH3], and [SO3H]. Plasma fibronectin (FN) adsorbed as effectively to all derivatized surfaces as to underivatized surfaces. Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and Platt human neuroblastoma cells attached equivalently to all surfaces preadsorbed with FN, indicating the availability of receptor binding sites on adsorbed FN molecules. In contrast, transmembrane signaling from FNadsorbed:Receptorcell surface complexes yielded a range of abilities for generating F-actin stress fibers within fibroblasts, as well as neurite extensions from the neuroblastoma cells. Efficiency patterns on these various substrata for stress fiber formation were very different from the patterns of neurite extension. In addition, the same chemical endgroup on glass, titanium, or germanium yielded the same cellular physiological responses, indicating that the inert substratum cannot act at a distance and that the chemical endgroup regulates FN functions in adhesion. When adhesion-inert albumin is co-adsorbed with FN, efficiency of neurite extension can be greatly improved on some surfaces or diminished on other surfaces. These and other results indicate that these two cell types use different receptors interacting with different binding sites on FNadsorbed to mediate their transmembrane signals and that the conformation of FNadsorbed changes in specific ways on derivatized substrata. This latter hypothesis was confirmed by FTIR/ATR spectroscopy experiments of FNadsorbed. These studies indicate cell type-specific changes in FN conformations on chemically-derivatized self-assembled monolayers leading to up- or down-regulation of specific cellular physiological responses from receptors. They also offer optimism for regulating responses of specific cell types when various cell types interact with biomaterial implants in situ.
Detection of a second triplet state in thiophosgene by electron-impact spectroscopy

Abstract The electron-impact energy-loss spectrum of thiophosgene was investigated at incident energies of 25 eV and 40 eV and scattering angles from 0° to 80°. In these spectra we observe a previously unreported triplet state at 3.1 ± 0.1 eV which is tentatively assigned as the 1 3 A 1 (π, gp * ) state. This state may play a role in intramolecular radiationless transitions in this molecule.
Competencies and Imitability in the Pharmaceutical Industry: An Analysis of Their Relationship with Firm Performance

Two research questions are addressed in this article. First, does technological competence enhance firm performance. Second, does competitor imitation of firm knowledge hurt performance. The relationships between technological competence, imitability and performance are basic premises in the resource-based view, yet there has been little empirical testing of them. Measures of technological competence and imitability are developed. These variables, together with measures of marketing and regulatory competence, are tested for their impact on firm performance in the pharmaceutical industry. Imitability has a negative and significant impact on accounting and market-based performance measures. Contrary to expectations, technological competence is inversely related to market-based performance measures and positively related to accounting measures. Research and managerial implications for the findings are discussed.
The impact of disease severity on the informed consent process in clinical research

Purpose To assess the efficacy of informed consent in subjects differing in disease severity, ranging from those with immediately life-threatening disease to healthy volunteers. Subjects and methods A total of 127 subjects, enrolled in four types of clinical research protocols, were tested. Subjects completed questionnaires before entry into the protocol, within 24 hours of signing the primary protocol's consent document, and 4 to 6 weeks after entry. Results Healthy volunteers retained the most information about risks and side effects, and severely ill Phase I subjects retained the least (P Conclusions Subjects with differing disease processes and illness severities focused on and retained different aspects of experimental protocols for dissimilar reasons. During the informed consent process, research staff should inquire of potential subjects' personal goals for participating in experimental protocols and develop means for ensuring subjects' understanding of the inherent risks and alternative interventions available.
The fungus herbarium of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Fungi from the Carnegie Museum Herbarium (CM) were transferred to the New York Botanical Garden (NY) in 1981. Comprising approximately 41,000 specimens, this collection is most noteworthy for its extensive coverage of the mycota of western Pennsylvania. Biographical sketches are given of D. R. Sumstine, L. K. Henry, M. B. Knauz Overholts, and O. E. Jennings, the four main regional collectors. Two appendices are included: the first indexes the type specimens deposited in the fungus herbarium (excluding those types distributed in fungi exsiccati sets), and the second lists the sources of duplicate fungus specimens acquired by CM.
Properties of the vacuum medium in non-Abelian gauge theory

Instanton effects in pure non-Abelian gauge theory are investigated. It is found that there is a subtlety involved in the definition of the macroscopic fields and magnetization. The correct relation is given by ${F}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}={H}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}+(\frac{1}{2})4{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{M}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}$, where ${F}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}$ is the macroscopic average of the microscopic field strength, ${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}{H}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}=\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a,\mathrm{ext}}$, and ${M}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}^{a}$ is the magnetization normalized by tail fields of instantons. The extra factor \textonehalf{} is due to the extended nature of instantons. It is also found that external electric fields suppress instanton effects. The dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(E)\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{D}{E}$ rapidly changes from a small value to about 0.9 in a fairly small interval of $E$.
Influence of temperature on penetration of snail hosts by Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.

Abstract Studies were conducted to ascertain the influence of environmental temperature on the ability of S. mansoni miracidia to penetrate the snail host as judged by later development of the infection under known favorable conditions. Five geographic strains of A. glabratus obtained from Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Brazil, and two from Venezuela were employed. The strain of S. mansoni came from Puerto Rico. All snails were exposed individually to five miracidia each for 2 hours. Temperatures of 25, 35, and 40 °C were tested on all five strains, the lowest temperature 10 °C on four of the five and an intermediate temperature, 15 °C on one strain. Subsequent to exposure the snails were held at 26 to 28 °C. Infection rates ranging from 0 to 90% were obtained. Exposure at 10 °C did not result in a single snail infection. Except for the Brazilian strain, a known resistant strain, the rate of infection increased when the exposure temperature was elevated. A large percentage of the snails exposed at 40 °C died during the exposure period, indicating that this temperature exceeds the normal heat tolerance of A. glabratus . Motility of freshly hatched miracidia was found to be directly related to temperature. At 10 °C they were observed to be almost motionless, and gradual increase in temperature to 40 °C resulted in hyperactivity. The implications of the findings presented in this paper were discussed in relation to the biology of the parasite and to the epidemiology and control of the disease caused by it. It is interesting to note that A. glabratus imported from the same general area of Venezuela in 1946 as was A. glabratus in 1952 gave strikingly different results (Fig. 1). Among the possible interpretations of this finding is (1) changes have taken place in the colony imported in 1946 due to breeding under laboratory conditions over an extended period, or (2) changes have taken place in the wild stock in its natural habitat. If the former is true, then one must be mindful of the possibility that snail colonies maintained in an artificial environment for an extended period may give rise to progeny that possess different characteristics than the original wild stock, and experimental data obtained from them must be so interpreted.
Solar neutrinos and the principle of equivalence.

We study the proposed solution of the solar neutrino problem which requires a flavor nondiagonal coupling of neutrinos to gravity. We adopt a phenomenological point of view and investigate the consequences of the hypothesis that the neutrino weak interaction eigenstates are linear combinations of the gravitational eigenstates which have slightly different couplings to gravity, ${\mathit{f}}_{1}$G and ${\mathit{f}}_{2}$G, \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{f}}_{1}$-${\mathit{f}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\ll}1, corresponding to a difference in redshift between electron and muon neutrinos, \ensuremath{\Delta}z/(1+z)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{f}}_{1}$-${\mathit{f}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\Vert}. Our ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{2}$ analysis of the available solar neutrino data on observed event rates rules out most of the relevant parameter space, allowing only \ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{f}}_{1}$-${\mathit{f}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}14}$ for small values of the mixing angle [2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$(2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{G}}$)\ensuremath{\lesssim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$] and ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}16}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\Vert}${\mathit{f}}_{1}$-${\mathit{f}}_{2}$\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\lesssim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ for large mixing [0.6\ensuremath{\lesssim}${\mathrm{sin}}^{2}$(2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{G}}$)\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.9]. We show that the recoil-electron spectrum measured by the Kamiokande II Collaboration can be used to exclude part of the allowed regions obtained above. We analyze the prospects of using future spectral measurements of solar neutrinos to distinguish the oscillation mechanism due to the violation of the equivalence principle from more conventional mechanisms which require neutrinos to have nondegenerate masses. We find that, for small mixing angles, the flavor nondiagonal coupling to gravity leads to predictions regarding the shape of the $^{8}\mathrm{neutrino}$ spectrum which will be distinguishable in the upcoming SNO and Super-Kamiokande experiments and which are independent of solar models.
New ligands for boronate affinity chromatography

A new type of boronate affinity ligand was synthesized which contained an internal coordinate bond between a carbonyl oxygen and a boron atom. This coordination makes the boron atom tetrahedral, which is favorable for boronate esterification with cis-diols. The ligand formed a catechol ester in 2-(N-cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid. Tris and phosphate buffers, respectively, at 0.5, 0.6 and 1.1 pH units lower than did phenylboronic acid. When the ligand was coupled to an agarose gel, the new matrix esterified with catechol at pH 7.5. When the ligand was coupled to a cellulose gel, the new matrix esterified with catechol at pH 7.0. In comparison, the commercial w-aminophenylboronic acid-agarose does not form an ester with catechol below pH 8.0.
Optimal denoising of simultaneously sparse and low rank matrices in high dimensions

We study minimax rates for denoising simultaneously sparse and low rank matrices in high dimensions. An algorithm is shown to achieve (near) optimal rates of convergence adaptively under mild conditions.
A Robust Flexible Electrochemical Gas Sensor Using Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

This paper introduces a robust electrochemical gas sensor featuring room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) as electrolyte and porous polytetrafluoroethylene as a flexible substrate. Using a planar-electrodes-on-permeable-membrane structure, a flexible RTIL sensor with 9.6 mm2 sensing area is microfabricated. The sensor's response to oxygen is measured, achieving sensitivity of 0.48 μA/%O2, a linearity of 0.997 R2 in range of 0%-21% O2, and limit of detection of 0.08% O2. The reported sensor structure and fabrication process enable realization of sensor arrays for multi-gas monitoring in a low power, miniaturized, and wearable system platform.
Effects of adrenalectomy and experience on postcastration sex behavior in the male rat

Abstract The hypothesis that prior sexual experience and/or adrenal hormones might be necessary for the mating behavior which persists for some time following castration in the male rat was considered in two experiments. First, the postcastration behavior of animals which had no heterosexual experience before castration was compared with that of others which had repeated preoperative mating experience. During 5–7 weeks of postoperative testing, no significant difference in any of the elements of the copulatory pattern was found between the two groups. In the second experiment, male rats were tested before and after each of the following treatments: adrenalectomy or sham adrenalectomy, then castration, and then testosterone treatment. No significant difference in any aspect of sexual behavior was found between the adrenalectomized and sham operated subjects. Decreases in intromission frequency followed surgery and cessation of the testosterone treatment in both groups. Neither prior sexual experience nor adrenal hormones appear to be involved in the “maintenance” of mating behavior following castration.
Blaze a new trail to success with emotional intelligence

Release the full potential of your user services team and drive them to new heights using emotional intelligence as a guide. You and your team already possess untapped skills that will allow you to lead users to new territories and provide superior support along the trail. We will draw on real life examples and discuss how we use emotional intelligence and the approaches learned in our personal lives while raising children, training pets, and managing to find work-life balance to handle the challenges we face supporting users. Join us for a fun-filled session that takes a hard look at the questions we face daily: How do I keep my front line support team motivated? How do we empathize with frustrated users without losing our perspective? How do we stay focused and on-task in an environment that requires us to be interruptible and approachable for much of our working day? Can we manage change proactively? Just what do we do about those high-need users? You'll walk away with a new respect for the life skills you and your team have already developed and a new way to bring those skills to work for you.
Towards developing a bilingual treatment summary and survivorship care plan responsive to Spanish language preferred breast cancer survivors

Background Treatment summary and survivorship care plan studies are at the forefront of research priorities with precedence for ethnic minority inclusion. This preliminary study joined the advocacy, scientific, and medical communities to inform the development and evaluation of the Treatment Summary and Survivorship Care Plan (TSSCP-S) template targeted for Latino breast cancer patients (LCA).
Changes in neurochemicals within the ventrolateral medullary respiratory column in awake goats after carotid body denervation

A current and major unanswered question is why the highly sensitive central CO2/H+ chemoreceptors do not prevent hypoventilation-induced hypercapnia following carotid body denervation (CBD). Becaus...
Differential Effect of Respiratory Inhibitors on Ergosterol Synthesis by Saccharomyces cerevisiae During Adaptation to Oxygen

The effect of different respiratory inhibitors on the ergosterol content of microaerobically grown non-proliferating yeast cultures was monitored during adaptation to oxygen. It was found that dinitrophenol, azide, and cyanide, which act on the mechanism of the respiratory chain, cause a marked stimulation of sterol production. Acriflavine and chloramphenicol, which affect the synthesis of the respiratory apparatus, caused a delay in the onset of ergosterol synthesis or a marked decrease in sterol content. The data obtained provide presumptive evidence that a component of sterol formation is synthesized on the 70S ribosomal system of the mitochondrion and induced in the presence of oxygen.
Correlated Insecticide Cross-Resistance in Azinphosmethyl Resistant Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Resistance to several classes of insecticides was correlated with azinphosmethyl resistance in codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), in California. In tests of laboratory and field populations, cross-resistance was positively correlated with azinphosmethyl and two organophosphates (diazinon, phosmet), a carbamate (carbaryl), a chlorinated hydrocarbon (DDT), and two pyrethroids (esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin). Additionally, negatively correlated cross-resistance was identified between azinphosmethyl and two other organophosphates, chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion. Patterns of resistance observed in laboratory colonies were confirmed with field bioassays. In bioassays of field populations, azinphosmethyl resistance was observed to increase from 1991 to 1993, although levels of resistance remained <13-fold. Because orchards with azinphosmethyl resistance have had difficulties with suppression of codling moth, and cross-resistance was found for all tested classes of insecticides, strategies for managing resistance will need to be developed so as to protect current and future control tactics. The two insecticides with negatively correlated cross-resistance are discussed as potential tools for resistance management.
An Examination of the Efficacy of Insights in Enhancing the Academic and Behavioral Development of Children in Early Grades.

The primary aim of this group randomized trial was to test the efficacy of INSIGHTS Into Children’s Temperament (INSIGHTS) in increasing the academic achievement and sustained attention and reducing the disruptive behavior problems of low-income kindergarten and 1st grade children. Twenty-two urban elementary schools serving low-income families were randomly assigned to INSIGHTS or a supplemental reading program that served as an attention-control condition. Data on 435 students in 122 classrooms were collected at 5 time points across kindergarten and 1st grade. Students received intervention in the 2nd half of kindergarten and the 1st half of 1st grade. Their teachers and parents participated in the program at the same time. Two-level hierarchical linear models were used to examine both within- and between-child changes in achievement across kindergarten and 1st grades. Results revealed that children enrolled in INSIGHTS experienced growth in math and reading achievement and sustained attention that was significantly faster than that of children enrolled in the supplemental reading program. In addition, although children participating in INSIGHTS evidenced decreases in behavior problems over time, children enrolled in the supplemental reading program demonstrated increases. Effects on math and reading were partially mediated through a reduction in behavior problems, and effects on reading were partially mediated through an improvement in sustained attention. Results indicate that INSIGHTS enhances the academic development of early elementary school children and supports the need for policies that provide social-emotional intervention for children at risk for academic problems.
CELL CYCLE ANALYSIS OF SYNCHRONIZED CHINESE HAMSTER CELLS USING BROMODEOXYURIDINE LABELING AND FLOW CYTOMETRY

Chinese hamster ovary cells were synchronized into purified populations of viable G1-, S-, G2-, and M-phase cells by a combination of methods, including growth arrest, aphidicolin block, cell cycle progression, mitotic shake-off, and centrifugal elutriation. The DNA content and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index were measured in each purified fraction by dual-parameter flow cytometry. The cell cycle distributions determined from the DNA measurements alone (single parameter) were compared with those calculated from both DNA and BrdUrd data (dual parameter). The results show that highly purified cells can be obtained using these methods, but the assessed purity depends on the method of cell cycle analysis. Using the single versus dual parameter measurement to determine cell cycle distributions gave similar results for most phases of the cell cycle, except for cells near the transition from G1- to S-phase and S- to G2-phase. There the BrdUrd labeling index determined by flow cytometry was more sensitive for detecting small amounts of DNA synthesis. As an alternative to flow cytometry, a simple method of measuring BrdUrd labeling index on cell smears was used and gave the same result as flow cytometry. Measuring both DNA content and DNA synthesis improves characterization of synchronized cell populations, especially at the transitions in and out of S-phase, when cells are undergoing dramatic shifts in biochemical activity.