cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between human Ctf4 and the Cdc45/Mcm2-7/GINS (CMG) replicative helicase

Chromosome transmission fidelity 4 (Ctf4) is a conserved protein required for DNA replication. In this report, interactions between human Ctf4 (hCtf4) and the replicative helicase containing the cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45)/minichromosome maintenance 2-7 (Mcm2-7)/Go, Ichi, Nii, and San (GINS) (CMG) proteins [human CMG (hCMG) complex] were examined. The hCtf4-CMG complex was isolated following in vitro interaction of purified proteins (hCtf4 plus the hCMG complex), coinfection of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells with viruses expressing the hCMG complex and hCtf4, and from HeLa cell chromatin after benzonase and immunoprecipitation steps. The stability of the hCtf4-CMG complex depends upon interactions between hCtf4 and multiple components of the hCMG complex. The hCtf4-CMG complex, like the hCMG complex, contains DNA helicase activity that is more salt-resistant than the helicase activity of the hCMG complex. We demonstrate that the hCtf4-CMG complex contains a homodimeric hCtf4 and a monomeric hCMG complex and suggest that the homodimeric hCtf4 acts as a platform linking polymerase α to the hCMG complex. The role of the hCMG complex as the core of the replisome is also discussed.
Political Implications of Gender Roles: A Review of the Literature

This essay introduces the reader to the contemporary literature on gender roles and feminine behavior, including the major concepts, empirical findings, and social thought which have implications for political behavior and research. Gender roles as they relate to the psychology and activity of men and women, and their systemic cultural, economic, and legal ramifications provide an explanation and a basis for understanding political behavior, including recurrent women's protest movements. Contemporary writing contributes to building a non-androcentric and accurate body of knowledge regarding political woman, and it calls into question the ideology of the biological determinism of political activity. The literature surveyed has potential usefulness for public policy: an expansion of democracy is viable with the discernment and removal of barriers which hinder substantial proportions of women from achieving political leadership and hence participating in authoritative decision making and value allocation. A bibliography of major references is appended.
Tissue microarray analysis of eIF4E and its downstream effector proteins in human breast cancer

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is elevated in many cancers and is a prognostic indicator in breast cancer. Many pro-tumorigenic proteins are selectively translated via eIF4E, including c-Myc, cyclin D1, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Tousled-like kinase 1B (TLK1B). However, western blot analysis of these factors in human breast cancer has been limited by the availability of fresh frozen tissue and the labor-intensive nature of the multiple assays required. Our goal was to validate whether formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues arranged in a tissue microarray (TMA) format would be more efficient than the use of fresh-frozen tissue and western blot to test multiple downstream gene products. Breast tumor TMAs were stained immunohistochemically and quantitated using the ARIOL imaging system. In the TMAs, eIF4E levels correlated strongly with c-Myc, cyclin D1, TLK1B, VEGF, and ODC. Western blot comparisons of eIF4E vs. TLK1B were consistent with the immunohistochemical results. Consistent with our previous western blot results, eIF4E did not correlate with node status, ER, PR, or HER-2/neu. We conclude that the TMA technique yields similar results as the western blot technique and can be more efficient and thorough in the evaluation of several products downstream of eIF4E.
Overview: Adaptive Management for the Health Risks of Climate Change

Climate change is expected to increase health risks in all countries. Although public health agencies and organizations have impressive records of controlling the burden of climate-sensitive health outcomes, current and planned programs and activities may need to be modified to address the additional risks of climate change. Programs and activities need to take an iterative risk management approach if they are to maintain current levels of health burdens as diseases change their geographic range and incidence in response to changing temperature and precipitation patterns and as the risks of adverse health outcomes from extreme weather events increase. Public health can learn from the experiences in ecosystem management with adaptive management, a structured and iterative process of decision-making in the face of imperfect information, with an aim of reducing uncertainty through monitoring and evaluation. Although many of the steps in adaptive management are familiar to public health, key differences include: a stronger emphasis on stakeholder engagement; taking a systems-based approach; developing interventions based on models of future impacts; and a strong and explicit focus on iterative management that can facilitate the capacity for further adaptation. Incorporating these elements into public health programs and activities will increase their effectiveness to address the health risks of climate change.
Abstract 616: Caveolin-1 (CAV1) inhibits G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase Type 4 (GRK4) kinase activity

In human renal proximal tubule cells, the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) has been shown to increase cAMP production and negatively regulate sodium transport. Defects in D1R signaling have been associated with SNPs in G-protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) which hyperphosphorylates and decreases D1R function, and the D1R uncoupling phenotype is fully reverted by reducing GRK4 expression with siRNA. We have also shown that CAV1 co-immunoprecipitates with GRK4, and that the normal D1R inhibition of the sodium transporter, NaKATPase alpha, can be blocked using siRNA to CAV1. We therefore hypothesized that CAV1 directly physically interacts with GRK4 and inhibits its kinase activity. Using purified human GRK4 and CAV1 proteins and an in-vitro peptide homogeneous kinase assay, we investigated the effects of caveolin-1 (CAV1) on the kinase activity of GRK4. By overexpressing and isolating a tandem affinity purified protein (TAP tagged) functional version of human CAV1 isolated from a human renal proximal tubule cell line, we were able to ensure that all of the post-translational modifications of the protein were present. Utilizing a peptide Ser/Thr kinase activity assay, we demonstrated that with an excess of CAV1, the kinase activity of GRK4 is inhibited by 37.8±1.3% (n=4, p
A Hazard of New Fortunes: State Sentencing Reform in the United States, 1975 -2000

The law and sociology literature has extensively examined the stages of legal reform: the construction of a social problem, the creation of a new legal innovation to address the problem, and the diffusion of that innovation over time. This paper contributes to an understanding of the interrelationship between these processes. Using a case study of the determinacy movement in criminal sentencing that began in the 1970s and proceeded to the end of the decade, the paper offers empirical support for the proposition that the character of problem-construction and innovation affects the likelihood that a given legal reform will successfully diffuse. Two general relationships are observed. First, when multiple innovations are addressed to a single social problem, a given reform is less likely to diffuse. Second, where the construction of a social problem is highly contingent on a specific reform movement or community of reform operatives, multiple innovations are more likely because of the susceptibility of the problem to redefinition. Problem-construction that is highly dependent on social context is thus also likely to decrease the likelihood of diffusion of a legal reform.
Review of Reactivity Experiments for Lithium Ternary Alloys

Lithium is often the preferred choice as breeder and coolant in fusion blankets as it offers high tritium breeding, excellent heat transfer and corrosion properties, and most importantly, it has very high tritium solubility and results in very low levels of tritium permeation throughout the facility infrastructure. However, lithium metal vigorously reacts with air and water and exacerbates plant safety concerns. Consequently, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is attempting to develop a lithium-based alloy—most likely a ternary alloy—which maintains the beneficial properties of lithium (e.g. high tritium breeding and solubility) while reducing overall flammability concerns for use in the blanket of an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant. The LLNL concept employs inertial confinement fusion (ICF) through the use of lasers aimed at an indirect-driven target composed of deuterium-tritium fuel. The fusion driver/target design implements the same physics currently experimented at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The plant uses lithium in both the primary coolant and blanket; therefore, lithium related hazards are of primary concern. Reducing chemical reactivity is the primary motivation for the development of new lithium alloys, and it is therefore important to come up with proper ways to conduct experiments that can physically study this phenomenon. Thismore » paper will start to explore this area by outlining relevant past experiments conducted with lithium/air reactions and lithium/water reactions. Looking at what was done in the past will then give us a general idea of how we can setup our own experiments to test a variety of lithium alloys.« less
Dental Functional Morphology: How Teeth Work

Peter W. Lucas, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 355 pp. Illus., indexed. $130.00 hardcover, ISBN 521-56236-8 This book is a text directed to those individuals interested in the function and evolution of mammalian teeth, with a special emphasis on factors involved in food selection
Carrier Detection in X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia by Analysis of X-Chromosome Inactivation

We used a recently developed strategy to analyze patterns of X-chromosome inactivation in human cell populations in order to study female members of families with X-linked agammaglobulinemia--i.e., to detect the carrier state and to test the hypothesis that the disorder results from a defect intrinsic in the development of B cells. According to this strategy, recombinant-DNA probes simultaneously detect restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms and patterns of methylation of X-chromosome genes. Random X-inactivation patterns were observed in isolated peripheral-blood granulocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes of women who were not carriers. In contrast, one of the two X chromosomes was preferentially active in the peripheral B cells, but not the T cells or granulocytes, of three carriers of the disorder. This observation strongly supports the hypothesis that X-linked agammaglobulinemia results from an intrinsic defect in B-cell development. Moreover, the analysis described here can be used for direct identification of carriers in families with this disease.
Impact of white striping on functionality attributes of broiler breast meat1

The influence of white striping (WS) on the water-holding capacity (WHC) and protein functionality attributes of broiler breast meat was investigated. Boneless breast fillets (Pectoralis major) were collected from the deboning line of a commercial processing plant and categorized by WS score (normal, moderate, severe). The physical (weight, pH, CIE-color values), water-holding capacity (salt-induced water uptake, cook loss, final yield), protein functionality (solubility, emulsifying activity), and protein composition (SDS-PAGE) characteristics of the fillets were measured in three experiments. Breast meat with WS exhibited greater fillet weights, higher pH, and similar color values (L*a*b*) to normal fillets. In experiment 1, fillets were frozen-thawed prior to analysis. The WS condition reduced thaw loss, sarcoplasmic protein solubility, and the emulsifying activity of the myofibrillar proteins, but did not significantly affect salt-induced water uptake, cook loss, final yield, or myofibrillar protein solubility. In experiment 2, breast meat was analyzed fresh and after a freeze-thaw cycle. Freezing samples prior to analysis negatively influenced WHC and reduced sarcoplasmic protein solubility in both WS and normal fillets. In fresh and frozen-thawed meat, the WS condition decreased sarcoplasmic protein solubility but did not significantly alter WHC or myofibrillar protein solubility. For experiment 3, fillets were portioned into 3 sections (Location A, cranial end-ventral surface; Location B, cranial end-dorsal surface; Location C, caudal end). The effects of WS on WHC and protein solubility were dependent upon breast fillet sampling location. Fillets with WS exhibited lower salt-induced water uptake, greater cook loss, and lower sarcoplasmic protein solubility than normal fillets when sampled from location A. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that differences in the composition of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein fractions between WS and normal fillets were influenced by sampling location. These results suggest that WS diminishes the WHC and protein functionality of broiler breast meat, but demonstrate that the WS effects on these traits are not uniform throughout the breast muscle.
In vivo multiphoton imaging of subcortical structures in an intact mouse brain

Multiphoton deep tissue imaging will be discussed. Development of a novel femtosecond source at the 1700 nm spectral window and in vivo three-photon imaging of subcortical structures in an intact mouse brain will be presented.
Comment on "Configuration Interaction in the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectra of Alkali Halides"

Recently obtained data on doubly ionized Rb in the free state indicate that the satellite of the $\mathrm{Rb}(4s)$ resonance in the photoelectron spectra of RbF and RbCl is primarily due to a $4{s }^{2}4{p }^{4}4d ^{2}S$ final state rather than a $4{s }^{2}4{p }^{4}5s ^{2}S$ one. For the potassium salts, the satellite of the $\mathrm{K}(3s)$ resonance is most likely due to a $3{s }^{2}3{p }^{4}3d ^{2}S$ final state. The absence of a satellite for the $\mathrm{Na}(2s)$ resonance for the sodium salt is due to the nonexistence of $2d$ electrons.
Predicting Cocrystallization Based on Heterodimer Energies: The Case of N,N′-Diphenylureas and Triphenylphosphine Oxide

Diarylureas frequently assemble into structures with one-dimensional H-bonded chain motifs. Herein, we examine the ability of triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) to disrupt the H-bonding motif in 14 different meta-substituted N,N′-diphenylureas (mXPU) and form cocrystals; 1:1 mXPU:TPPO cocrystals were obtained in 9 of 14 cases examined (64% success rate). Cocrystals adopt five different lattice types, all of which show unsymmetrical H-bonded [R21(6)] dimers between the urea hydrogens and the phosphine oxygen. Heterodimer (mXPU···TPPO) and homodimer (mXPU···mXPU) interaction energies, ΔEint, calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level were used to rationalize the experimental results. A clear trend was observed in which cocrystals were experimentally realized only in cases in which the differences in heterodimer versus homodimer energy, ΔΔEint, were greater than ∼5.3–6 kcal/mol. Although calculated interaction energies are a simplified measure of the system thermodynamics, these re...
Detection of pyrethoid pesticide residues in tea by QuEChERS-GC

Objective:To develop a new method to detect seven kinds of pyrethiod pesticide residues by QuEChERS-GC.Methods:The samples were extracted with acetone-benzine(v/v 1:1) which included 0.1% acetie acid and cleaned up by dispersive-SPE.The optimum analysis condition was determined by the choices of column and optimization of Conditions.Results:The linear range was 0.06~3.00 μg/ml(r=0.9931~0.9993).The recovery range was 77.5%~130.0%.RSD was 2.4%~12.0%,and the lowest detecting limits was 0.01 mg/kg(Permethrin was 0.04 mg/kg) when sample weighing 5 g.Conclusion:The method simple,fast and safe can be used to analyze pyrethoid pesticide residues of tea.
Outcomes of emotional content from agile team forum posts

Social media and discussion centric collaborative tools have become an integral part of software development team communication. Accessible by mobile apps and alongside development tools, these tools provide a medium for conversation and enable teams to share project artifacts including commits, documents, and models. As with other forms of human communication, team members naturally emote during software development, resulting in affective post content expressing emotions such as urgency, frustration, and commendation. The effects of affective interaction on team performance, while studied in the literature, are still not well understood, particularly for student teams. This paper adds to the exploration of affect, by examining the effect of emotional post content on project performance metrics among teams of students in a software engineering course. The data set consists of over thirteen hundred forum posts produced by five teams across three Scrum Sprints in two different classes, each of which was taught by a different instructor. Using manual sentiment analysis techniques, we found that individuals with less emotive posts performed better than those that emoted more and that less affective individuals were evaluated more positively by their peers. From a pedagogical and management perspective, these results indicate that intervention may be needed when posts become emotionally charged in software development team communication.
Subperiosteal release of the floor of the mouth musculature in two cases of Pierre Robin sequence.

Many management approaches have been considered to relieve upper respiratory obstruction in patients with Pierre Robin sequence, but the choice of treatment is determined by the severity of the obs...
Overview of National Ignition Facility Capsule Metrology

A procedure has been developed to fully characterize the National Ignition Facility (NIF) capsule. A variety of techniques has been developed and deployed to characterize the critical specifications of the capsules to the precision required by NIF. Capsules are fully characterized in order to verify their critical specifications including dimensional, chemical composition, and surface roughness. It has been demonstrated that capsules can be fully characterized at a throughput that will meet NIF demand. The specific metrology procedures, techniques, and errors associated with those techniques will be described in this paper. Also, the time line that is used to fully characterize a NIF capsule will be explored.
Something Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Fused: Novel EGFR Rearrangements in Lung Adenocarcinomas

Summary: Mutations in EGFR stand as the archetype for somatic alterations that lead to oncogene addiction and that predict for response to targeted therapies. In this issue of Cancer Discovery , Konduri and colleagues report on a pair of novel oncogenic and actionable EGFR fusion events in a series of patients with lung adenocarcinomas, casting new light on this model gene. Cancer Discov; 6(6); 574–5. ©2016 AACR . See related article by Konduri et al., [p. 601][1] . [1]: /lookup/volpage/6/601?iss=6
Common Denominators of Swainson's Warbler Breeding Habitat in Bottomland Hardwood Forest in the White River Watershed in Southeastern Arkansas

Abstract The most intensively studied breeding population of Limnothlypis swainsonii (Swainson's Warbler) is in the White River watershed of southeastern Arkansas. However, because vegetation sampling protocols employed at this site have been significantly different from those used elsewhere, it has been difficult for land managers to reconcile datasets across the species' range in order to construct consensus quantitative benchmarks for optimal breeding habitat in bottomland hardwoods. We used a standardized sampling protocol to compare the physiognomic and floristic characteristics of breeding territories at 2 sites in the White River watershed with comparable data from other populations in Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, and Virginia. Breeding territories in the combined dataset for this rare migratory species varied substantially in successional stage, floristic diversity, hydrology, and management history. Visual screening provided by understory thickets of saplings, vine tangles, and shru...
Emerging Roles of YAP/TAZ in Mechanobiology

Understanding mechanotransduction is a major goal in the field of mechanobiology. YAP, and its paralog TAZ, are transcription coactivators at the core of the canonical Hippo signaling pathway. Recent studies have identified YAP/TAZ as both mechano-sensors and -transducers that respond to multiple extracellular mechanical signals and relay them to downstream transcriptional signals to regulate cell functions. In this chapter, we discuss how different types of mechanical cues, including the actin cytoskeleton, substrate rigidity, and external mechanical forces, mediate YAP/TAZ activities. We also discuss some possible mechanosensitive molecular machineries that function upstream of YAP/TAZ to control their mechanotransductive properties.
Changes in Microbial Population and Growth of Bacillus cereus During Storage of Reconstituted Dry Milk.

Eight brands of retail nonfat and whole dry milk were reconstituted and analyzed for changes in the predominant bacterial population and for the proliferation of Bacillus cereus throughout storage at 30, 20, and 5°C. All brands yielded similar results. Bacillus and Micrococcus predominated in the freshly reconstituted milk. During storage at 30°C, the Bacillus population proliferated initially, but was gradually replaced by enterococci. At the time of spoilage, Bacillus counts had dropped by several orders of magnitude. The proportion of Micrococcus gradually declined. B. cereus counts reached hazardous levels as early as 10 h after reconstitution, which was before spoilage was evident. Similar changes occurred in reconstituted milk stored at 20°C, but the time course for the changes was longer, and the Bacillus counts did not decline as rapidly as they did at 30°C. Again, counts of B. cereus reached hazardous levels before the milk showed signs of spoilage. At 5°C, the milk showed no signs of spoilage fo...
Skewing in Arabidopsis roots involves disparate environmental signaling pathways.

Skewing root patterns provide key insights into root growth strategies and mechanisms that produce root architectures. Roots exhibit skewing and waving when grown on a tilted, impenetrable surface. The genetics guiding these morphologies have been examined, revealing that some Arabidopsis ecotypes skew and wave (e.g. WS), while others skew insignificantly but still wave (e.g. Col-0). The underlying molecular mechanisms of skewing and waving remain unclear. In this study, transcriptome data were derived from two Arabidopsis ecotypes, WS and Col-0, under three tilted growth conditions in order to identify candidate genes involved in skewing. This work identifies a number of genes that are likely involved in skewing, using growth conditions that differentially affect skewing and waving. Comparing the gene expression profiles of WS and Col-0 in different tilted growth conditions identified 11 candidate genes as potentially involved in the control of skewing. These 11 genes are involved in several different cellular processes, including sugar transport, salt signaling, cell wall organization, and hormone signaling. This study identified 11 genes whose change in expression level is associated with root skewing behavior. These genes are involved in signaling and perception, rather than the physical restructuring of root. Future work is needed to elucidate the potential role of these candidate genes during root skewing.
A General Method of Valuing Corporate Capital Structure

We generalize Merton’s approach to value Corporate liabilities to any capital structure Breakdown using binomial trees.
Comparison of Programmable Logic and Setting Group Methods for adaptive overcurrent protection in microgrids

Abstract Adaptive overcurrent protection systems for microgrids with distributed generators require that overcurrent relays need to be adjusted to different circuit paths and feeder fuses. Adaptive overcurrent protection systems in recent publications were based on the Setting Group method, using the functions resident in the relay. In this paper, the Programmable Logic method was developed for an adaptive overcurrent protection system, using the programmable logic and math operators instead of the functions resident in the relay. The Programmable Logic and Setting Group methods were validated using a real-time simulator with two relays in-the-loop. The selectivity, reliability and speed of the adaptive protection system based on the Programmable Logic and Setting Group (previous work) methods were compared for a microgrid with distributed generators (diesel generators). Similar results were obtained with both methods. However, the Setting Group method limited the number of overcurrent settings by the available setting groups of relays, and disabled the relays for a fixed amount of time, reducing the relay’s availability. On the other side, the Programmable Logic method is recommended because it improves the capacity of relays by using one setting group, and avoids relays to be disabled because switching setting groups is not being necessary. In microgrids that require an adaptive overcurrent protection system for different circuit paths and seasonal (winter and summer) settings, adaptive overcurrent protections based on programming alternative is a better solution. This requires relay engineers to be trained in relays’ programming techniques.
Clustering of linear combinations of multiplicative functions

Abstract A real-valued arithmetic function F is said to cluster about the point u ∈ R if the upper density of n with u − δ F ( n ) u + δ is bounded away from 0, uniformly for all δ > 0 . We establish a simple-to-check sufficient condition for a linear combination of multiplicative functions to be nonclustering , meaning not clustering anywhere. This provides a means of generating new families of arithmetic functions possessing continuous distribution functions. As a specific application, we resolve a problem posed recently by Luca and Pomerance.
Genomic variants link to hepatitis C racial disparities.

// Matthew M. Yeh 1 , Sarag Boukhar 1 , Benjamin Roberts 2 , Nairanjana Dasgupta 3 and Sayed S. Daoud 4 1 Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA 2 The Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA 3 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences, Spokane, WA 99210, USA Correspondence to: Sayed S. Daoud, email: daoud@wsu.edu Keywords: hepatitis C, racial disparity, genomic variants, hepatocellular carcinoma, alternative splicing Received: November 30, 2016 Accepted: July 03, 2017 Published: August 01, 2017 ABSTRACT Chronic liver diseases are one of the major public health issues in United States, and there are substantial racial disparities in liver cancer-related mortality. We previously identified racially distinct alterations in the expression of transcripts and proteins of hepatitis C (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) subgroups. Here, we performed a comparative genome-wide analysis of normal vs . HCV+ (cirrhotic state), and normal adjacent tissues (HCCN) vs . HCV+HCC (tumor state) of CA at the gene and alternative splicing levels using Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array (HTA2.0). Many genes and splice variants were abnormally expressed in HCV+ more than in HCV+HCC state compared with normal tissues. Known biological pathways related to cell cycle regulations were altered in HCV+HCC, whereas acute phase reactants were deregulated in HCV+ state. We confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR that SAA1 , PCNA-AS1 , DAB2 , and IFI30 are differentially deregulated, especially in AA compared with CA samples. Likewise, IHC staining analysis revealed altered expression patterns of SAA1 and HNF4α isoforms in HCV+ liver samples of AA compared with CA. These results demonstrate that several splice variants are primarily deregulated in normal vs . HCV+ stage, which is certainly in line with the recent observations showing that the pre-mRNA splicing machinery may be profoundly remodeled during disease progression, and may, therefore, play a major role in HCV racial disparity. The confirmation that certain genes are deregulated in AA compared to CA tissues also suggests that there is a biological basis for the observed racial disparities.
Combined hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery for transgender patients in an integrated health care setting

Background: Hysterectomy and mastectomy surgery for gender affirmation have traditionally been performed as separate surgeries. Our institution offers these surgeries as a single combined procedur...
Can a Parenting Intervention to Prevent Early Conduct Problems Interrupt Girls' Risk for Intimate Partner Violence 10 Years Later?

This study tests whether a parenting intervention for families of preschoolers at risk for conduct problems can prevent later risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). Ninety-nine preschoolers at familial risk for conduct problems were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Ten years later, 45 preschoolers and 43 of their siblings completed an assessment of their romantic relationships, including measures of physical and psychological IPV. The study focuses on the 54 females, including targets (n = 27) and siblings (n = 27) who participated in a 10-year follow-up (M age = 16.5, SD = 5.2, range = 10–28). Using an intent-to-treat (ITT) design, multivariate regressions suggest that females from families randomly assigned to intervention in early childhood scored lower than those in the control condition on perceptions of dating violence as normative, beliefs about IPV prevalence, exposure to IPV in their own peer group, and expected sanction behaviors for IPV perpetration and victimization. Findings suggest that early parenting intervention may reduce association of high-risk females with aggressive peers and partners in adolescence.
Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Direct Support Professionals

Abstract Direct support professionals (DSPs) provide integral support to many individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Yet, individuals' access to qualified DSPs is often compromised as organizations struggle to hire and retain DSPs. Despite a vast body of research exploring factors associated with turnover, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among DSPs remain absent from the literature. ACEs encompass abuse and familial dysfunction prior to the age of 18 and, in the general population, have been linked to compromised well-being and work-related challenges in adult life. An online survey was conducted to explore the prevalence of ACE categories and ACE scores (i.e., the sum of each ACE category experienced by a person) among DSPs (n = 386) working in licensed settings. Seventy-five percent of DSPs experienced at least one ACE and 30% had an ACE score of four or more. DSPs who identified as female and those who had been in their position less than one year had significantly hig...
From wearable robotics to quantifiable outcomes: In vivo imaging biomarkers to accelerate the translation of new interventions in neurorehabilitation

The objectives of this study are: 1. to isolate and quantify the corticospinal tract (CST) in a pilot diffusion MRI (dMRI) analysis using state-of-the-art data publicly available data by the Human Connectome Project (HCP) (WashU data) [1], as well as to determine the normal variability of the tract in healthy population [2]-[4], attempting the complete anatomical delineation using dMRI tractography for the first time, 2. to delineate and quantify the hand-related motor fiber tracts (HMFTs) due to their clinical significance as subsets of the CST and, mostly, 3. to assess the potential of using some of the quantifiable characteristics of the tracts (e.g., fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), volume, length) as non-invasive, objectively-measured, in vivo imaging biomarkers that will be able to track the clinical progress of the patients after any new interventions (i.e., use of wearable robotics).
Quantitative Attenuation and Velocity Measurements in Metal Matrix Precursor Wires

The nondestructive evaluation of metal matrix composite precursor wires is being pursued by measurements of the attenuation and velocity of both torsional and longitudinal ultrasonic pulses propagating along the wire axis. The sound waves are generated by non-contacting electromagnetic transducers. Continuous scans of the attenuation and velocity are made along wires of any length by use of a four-transducer arrangement. The attenuation and velocity have been related to physical wire properties which are important for nondestructive evaluation and characterization.
Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension

Hypertension can cause kidney disease and kidney disease can cause hypertension. However, hypertension may cause progressive kidney disease only in genetically susceptible individuals. The second most common cause of end-stage renal disease continues to be hypertension. Increased blood pressure participates in the pathogenesis of renal disease and the kidney is crucial in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The development of hypertension and kidney damage is well-documented in many well-characterized animal models of hypertension. Attenuating the development and severity of hypertension prevents the development of end-organ damage. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is a non-specific clinical diagnosis given to patients with chronic kidney disease, low-level proteinuria, and elevated blood pressure. Arterionephrosclerosis has been suggested as the clinical diagnosis of patients with chronic kidney disease and elevated blood pressure in the absence of diabetes or known genetic cause. In patients with a known genetic cause, the term glomerulosclerosis, preceded by the genetic cause, should used, for instance, APOL1-associated glomerulosclerosis, GSTM1-associated glomerulosclerosis. Increased sodium intake, inflammation, and oxidative stress are interrelated and important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney disease. It is likely that hypertension and kidney disease may share the same causes.
Biology and bias: do we have the will to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes for women?

Women with AMI have higher mortality than men with AMI, but multiple factors contribute to this sex difference, including biological variables related to sex such as older age at presentation and increased cardiovascular risk profile, as well as gender bias including disparities in reperfusion time and AMI treatment in women. Notably, the largest sex discrepancy in AMI survival is among young women <65 years when compared with similarly aged men1; younger women are the only group with rising cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates compared with declines in all others.2 3 Understanding both biological sex differences and gender bias in AMI treatment is essential to improve CVD outcomes for all. A new report4 using the recently developed and validated European Society of Cardiology Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) Quality Indicators (QIs) for AMI offers insight into improving outcomes for women. These investigators found that women in England and Wales less frequently received guideline-indicated AMI care and had significantly higher mortality than men. Specifically, among 691 290 patients in the UK Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, women less likely received timely reperfusion therapy for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), coronary angiography for Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), dual antiplatelet therapy and secondary prevention therapies. Notably, this suboptimal care existed despite a more adverse biological 30-day Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score adjusted mortality in women compared with men. The authors estimated that 8243 deaths in women were potentially preventable had care been equal between sexes. Biological sex differences in AMI likely drive differences in administration of and response to guidelines-based therapy. For example, compared with men, women are less likely to have a culprit lesion identified at the time of angiography and more likely to …
Four questions to identify patients with ASA III or higher

Increased age, obesity, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status class III and IV have been reported as predictors for mortality and perioperative complications. High-volume institutions rely on central referral services as first contact point for patients. The current study reports on a simple four-step questionnaire to identify patients with ASA-physical status class III and IV to improve referral processes and optimize perioperative work ups. Seven hundred and seventy-five patients who called the physician referral service (PRS) at the author’s institution and subsequently underwent surgery were enrolled in this study. The answers to the initial PRS questionnaire were analyzed. The study cohort consisted of 414 women (53.4%) and 361 men (46.6%) with an average age of 61.4 years (range 44–90 years) at the time of surgery. Binary logistic regression revealed hypertension, diabetes mellitus (using medication), using blood thinner (other than Aspirin) and a number of 4–9 prescribed medication, respectively, as predictors for ASA III and IV. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified a sensitivity of 82.4%, a specificity of 82.9%, and an accuracy of 82.8%, when two of these four questions are answered “yes”. The area under the curve for this analysis was 0.876 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.845–0.908]. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.8 (95% CI 4.0–5.8) and 0.2 (95% CI 0.1–0.3), respectively. This study revealed a simple four-step questionnaire to identify patients with ASA III or IV before a medical appointment. This helps to balance referrals between multiple providers in high-volume medical groups.
Cholecystectomy of the Pregnant Patient

Gallbladder disease (GD) is a wide spectrum of disorders of the gallbladder and biliary tract. Complicated GD (CGD; cholecystitis, cholangitis, gallstone pancreatitis) is the third most common cause of rehospitalization within 60 days of delivery. Symptoms of GD include right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, fever, nausea, and ill appearance. Ultrasound is considered first line as part of the workup for suspected GD disease. Although cholecystectomy may be performed via open or laparoscopic approaches depending on surgeon preference and experience, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is safe and effective at treating GD during pregnancy and may decrease the frequency of antepartum and postpartum admissions of affected patient. Therefore, practitioners should have a low threshold to recommend surgical intervention. Multiple strategies may be employed to reduce the risk of cholecystectomy performed during pregnancy.
Utilization and Outcomes of Fertility Preservation Techniques in Women Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant.

Abstract Iatrogenic menopause with consequent infertility is a major complication in reproductive-age women undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Recent guidelines recommend a discussion of the possibility of infertility and the options for fertility preservation as part of informed consent before initiation of any cancer-directed therapy, including HCT. Women age 15 to 49 years at the time of allogeneic HCT, between the years 2001 and 2017, were identified from the Mayo Clinic Rochester institutional HCT database. One hundred seventy-seven women were eligible, of whom 49 (28%) were excluded due to documented postmenopausal state or prior hysterectomy. The median age of the cohort was 31 years (range, 15 to 49 years) with median gravidity and parity being G1P1 (range, G0 to G8, P0 to P6). Fifty-four (42%) women were nulligravid at the time of HCT. Eighty-two percent underwent myeloablative conditioning (MAC), whereas 18% underwent reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). Only 34 women (27%) had documented fertility counseling within 72 hours of diagnosis, and a total of 61 (48%) received fertility counseling prior to HCT. Thirty-eight women (30%) were referred to a reproductive endocrinologist, of whom 13 (10%) underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ART; nine oocyte cryopreservation, four embryo cryopreservation). Of these, nine procedures yielded successful cryopreserved tissue (two completed at outside institutions). The median time to completion of the seven successful ART procedures at Mayo Clinic was 13 days (range, 9 to 15 days). The remainder of women referred to reproductive endocrinology did not undergo ART due to disease severity (68%), financial barriers (20%), and/or low antral follicle count (12%). Ninety-three women (73%) received leuprolide for ovarian suppression prior to conditioning. Three (4%) of 75 women who underwent MAC and were alive >365 days after HCT had spontaneous menstrual recovery after HCT (median time, 14 months; range, 6 to 21 months), in comparison to 10 (50%) of 20 women who underwent RIC and were alive >365 days after HCT (P
Energetic effects of hybrid organic/inorganic interfacial architecture on nanoporous black silicon photoelectrodes

Photoelectrochemical cells have been the subject of great interest in the research community as a route for fuel formation directly from sunlight. Interfacial layers are frequently employed on the surface of light-absorbing semiconductor photoelectrodes to enhance the activity and stability of the semiconductor. Here we consider the energetic effects of such layers on a nanoporous ‘black’ silicon photocathode. We construct hybrid organic/inorganic films by growing an oxide-nucleating molecular monolayer on the nanostructured Si surface and burying this molecular monolayer under TiO2 deposited by atomic layer deposition. We examine the energetic effects of this hybrid interfacial architecture via our recently developed intensity-modulated high-frequency resistivity (IMHFR) impedance spectroscopy technique and quantify the change in thermodynamic flatband potential as the oxide thickness is increased from 0–15 nm. By comparing the IMHFR data with traditional voltammetry, we are able to deconvolute the thermodynamic and kinetic contributions that determine the observed proton reduction onset potential. We also study these photoelectrodes with Pt nanoparticles either (i) deposited on top of the molecular/TiO2 interfacial layer or (ii) etched into the Si surface. In the first architecture, a beneficial positive shift in the thermodynamic flatband potential is achieved from the Si|molecular|TiO2 p–n junction, but the lack of a direct Si|Pt contact results in large kinetic charge transfer losses. In contrast, the second architecture allows for facile charge transfer due to the direct Si|Pt contact but negates any beneficial thermodynamic effect of the molecular/TiO2 bilayer. Despite the lack of thermodynamic effect of the hybrid molecular/TiO2 interfacial layer, we find that there is still a significant kinetic benefit from this layer. This work demonstrates the sensitive nature of the thermodynamics and kinetics on the interfacial architecture and yields critical insights into the design of photoelectrochemical interfaces.
(148) A Randomized Controlled Trial of the PTSD Coach Mobile Health App at Reducing Pain and Psychological Symptoms among Injured Emergency Department Patients: Preliminary Results

Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) account for 4 million annual emergency department (ED) visits, and injured patients are at risk of chronic pain (CP). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) are common post-injury, and contribute to the transition from acute to CP. We tested a novel, biopsychosocial, non-pharmacological method to prevent post-injury PTSS and pain: the “PTSD Coach” smartphone app. PTSD Coach provides psychosocial support based on cognitive-behavioral therapy, and research supports its use in both Veteran and Civilians with established PTSD; it has yet to be tested to prevent post-injury sequelae. We enrolled 64 adults (63% female; M age = 37) from the EDs of two Level 1 trauma centers with injuries from MVAs
Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Gastric Adenocarcinoma Who Received Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy With Cytoreductive Surgery.

This study assesses survival outcomes among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who received hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combined with cytoreductive surgery at US academic centers.
Comparison of UAS-to-Ground Small-Scale Fading in Residential and Mountainous Desert Terrains

Small, consumer grade unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide a cost-effective solution in many wireless communications applications where access to typical terrestrial based communications methods might not be feasible. In this work we characterize and model the small-scale wireless channel effects of the UAS-to-ground wireless channel in residential and mountainous desert terrains. In particular, we focus on constructing statistical models of the wireless channel for small rotary wing UAS flying at low altitudes (<130 meters). The results show that the mountainous desert terrain induces more fading than the residential terrain. Additionally, we provide Doppler spectrum models for the micro-Doppler effect caused by the UAS rotary wings. We validate the proposed channel models using filtered Gaussian noise techniques. The intent of the channel models presented here is to aide in the design of wireless communications systems that use consumer grade off-the-shelf UAS and radio hardware.
Rhamnogalacturonan-I is a determinant of cell-cell adhesion in poplar wood.

The molecular basis of cell-cell adhesion in woody tissues is not known. Xylem cells in wood particles of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × P. alba cv. INRA 717-1B4) were separated by oxidation of lignin with acidic sodium chlorite when combined with extraction of xylan and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) using either dilute alkali or a combination of xylanase and RG-lyase. Acidic chlorite followed by dilute alkali treatment enables cell-cell separation by removing material from the compound middle lamellae between the primary walls. Although lignin is known to contribute to adhesion between wood cells, we found that removing lignin is a necessary but not sufficient condition to effect complete cell-cell separation in poplar lines with various ratios of syringyl:guaiacyl lignin. Transgenic poplar lines expressing an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding an RG-lyase (AtRGIL6) showed enhanced cell-cell separation, increased accessibility of cellulose and xylan to hydrolytic enzyme activities, and increased fragmentation of intact wood particles into small cell clusters and single cells under mechanical stress. Our results indicate a novel function for RG-I, and also for xylan, as determinants of cell-cell adhesion in poplar wood cell walls. Genetic control of RG-I content provides a new strategy to increase catalyst accessibility and saccharification yields from woody biomass for biofuels and industrial chemicals.