cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anion–π and CH···anion interactions in naphthalenediimide-based coordination complexes

Dipyridyl-naphthalenediimide (DPNDI) ligand has been employed to construct a dumbbell-shaped Zn(II)–DPNDI–Zn(II) complex (1) comprised of two solvent-capped trigonal bipyramidal Zn(II) ions and a linear [Zn(II)/DPNDI]n coordination polymer (2) in which octahedral Zn(II) centres are threaded by axially coordinated DPNDI ligands. X-ray crystal structures of these complexes reveal that charge-diffused counterions bind with the π-acidic DPNDI ligands through anion–π and CH···anion interactions, which in turn play an important role in crystal packing. These insights could be exploited for the sequestration of soft anions through complementary soft–soft interactions with hydrophobic, yet polarisable receptors.
Pituitary Removal in Microtus with Preservation of Skull

In the course of current work involving a comparative study of several species of Microtus it has become evident that pure gross morphology needs to be augmented by, among other things, an exhaustive study of the histochemistry of the cells of the several organs of the animals concerned. One of the key organs that should be studied is the pituitary and this has been so ever since the classic work of P. E. Smith (Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 88: 158, 1927). Smith's method of hypophysectomy, while the accepted …
Cryptophane-Folate Biosensor for 129Xe NMR

Folate-conjugated cryptophane was developed for targeting cryptophane to membrane-bound folate receptors that are overexpressed in many human cancers. The cryptophane biosensor was synthesized in 20 nonlinear steps, which included functionalization with folate recognition moiety, solubilizing peptide, and Cy3 fluorophore. Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR studies confirmed xenon binding to the folate-conjugated cryptophane. Cellular internalization of biosensor was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Competitive blocking studies confirmed cryptophane endocytosis through a folate receptor-mediated pathway. Flow cytometry revealed 10-fold higher cellular internalization in KB cancer cells overexpressing folate receptors compared to HT-1080 cells with normal folate receptor expression. The biosensor was determined to be nontoxic in HT-1080 and KB cells by MTT assay at low micromolar concentrations typically used for hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR experiments.
Neighborhood Structure, Immigrant Status, and Youth Violence Assessing the Role of Parental Supervision

Research indicates that children of immigrants are less likely to engage in violence than children of native-born parents, even when they live in high-risk neighborhoods, suggesting that foreign-bo...
The Application of Ceramics to the Small Gas Turbine

This paper reviews the limitations today’s superalloys exercise on the realization of the potential of the gas turbine engine. Ceramic materials are suggested as a means of achieving lower cost and higher turbine inlet temperature in small gas turbine engines. The paper serves to introduce ceramic materials and processing techniques and identifies silicon nitride, silicon carbide and lithium-alumina-silicate as promising materials for high temperature turbine engine components.Copyright © 1970 by ASME
Effect of PTN service random delay on synchronization performance of current differential protection

The random time delay of the time division multiplexing of packet transport network influences the synchronization performance of differential protection. A random delay model for the end to end service is given to quantitatively analyze it and the characteristics of two-way asymmetric delay distribution are analyzed. According to the time synchronization principle of line longitudinal differential protection,the DVP(Delay Violation Probability) is adopted to describe the influence of random delay on the synchronization performance. The influence of network parameters,such as service path node number,the network throughput and network bandwidth,on the DVP is researched by simulation and the simulative results show that,the DVP can be reduced by optimizing these parameters to improve the synchronization performance;when the network bandwidth reaches 10 Gbit / s or the maximum allowable asymmetric delay is 100 μs,its influence can be ignored.
Thromboprophylaxis in immobilized medical patients

Venous thromboembolism accounts for a large number of preventable deaths. The majority of these events occur in medical patients, but medical thromboprophylaxis remains underutilised in this population. The purpose of this review is to examine the results of recent clinical trials of low molecular weight heparins in the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease in medical patients. The available data make a compelling case in favor of widespread use of low molecular weight heparin in medical patients.
On the stability of symmetric quadrupedal bounding gaits via factored Poincaré maps

Reduced-order models with springy massless legs have been employed extensively in the study of legged locomotion. Due to their hybrid nonlinear dynamics, analysis of such systems is often carried out numerically. In contrast, this paper adopts an analytical approach to study conditions for stability in a sagittal-plane model of quadrupedal bounding. Exploiting time-reversal symmetries possessed by the underlying vector fields, the corresponding Poincare map can be factored in a way that allows the analytical formulation of conditions that are necessary for stability (and sufficient for instability) for bounding gaits. The method is then applied to facilitate the design of a leg recirculation controller for bounding gaits.
OR23 Antibodies to MICA, AT1R and endothelial cells occur independently in transplant patients and in sera

Aim We sought to understand the incidence of antibodies (Ab) to HLA, MICA, AT1R or endothelial cells (EC) in pre- and post-transplant patients, and whether such Ab present concurrently in patients and in single serum samples. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical results from pre- and post-transplant patients tested for AT1R, MICA, HLA, and EC Ab, and evaluated single serum samples tested for multiple types of Ab to determine whether these Ab occur together. AT1R Ab were measured by quantitative ELISA; HLA and MICA Ab were detected by Luminex single antigen; Ab to EC were detected in a flow cytometric crossmatch against mature primary aortic EC (ECXM). Results In transplant patients, the overall incidence of patients with Ab to EC was 43.2%, MICA Ab were seen in 9.9%, and 57.1% had AT1R Ab in at least one test. Regraft patients were more likely to exhibit EC or MICA Ab, particularly those with a deceased donor transplant compared with a living donor. HLA Ab were also correlated with anti-EC and MICA Ab. 78 serum samples were tested for all 3 non-HLA Ab. 26.9% of sera were negative for all three tests, while 1.3% were positive for all. There was no correlation between Ab to MICA and anti-EC Ab tested in the same serum. However, a majority of samples positive for ECXM also had AT1R Ab. AT1R Ab were significantly higher in sera that were positive for ECXM (28.8U/mL in ECXM+ vs. 19.4U/mL in ECXM-); however, 21.9% of samples without AT1R Ab were positive in ECXM, while 19% of samples negative for ECXM had very strong (>40 U/mL) AT1R Ab. Finally, in patients who had both ECXM testing and XM-ONE against potential donors, there was no apparent correlation between Ab to mature EC and donor specific endothelial precursors. Conclusion HLA sensitized patients and regraft patients were more likely to have either EC or MICA Ab. The incidence of AT1R Ab was high; however, testing tended focus on high risk patients and may not reflect true incidence in the general transplant population. Serum with high AT1R Ab also tended to be positive for ECXM, but there were cases with strong AT1R Ab but negative ECXM. These results suggest that Ab to MICA, AT1R and EC are manifestations of different immune responses and a panel of non-HLA Ab testing is informative to identify different types of non-HLA Ab that may be detrimental graft survival.
Stegeman’s Figures of Merit for Nonlinear Optical Switching

The simple figures of merit for optical switching that were introduced by George Stegeman in the early 1990s are still widely used and have helped to drive research into nonlinear optical materials research over the past two decades. Coincidentally, his work on this occurred around the time we were working on the relationship between nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption, which led to increased collaboration between our groups. The speaker will describe the time when we were working on this and discuss how this has impacted the field of nonlinear optics since then.
Use of the pause procedure in continuing medical education: A randomized controlled intervention study.

During lectures, a pause procedure (the presenter pauses so students can discuss content) can improve educational outcomes. We aimed to determine whether (1) continuing medical education (CME) presentations with a pause procedure were evaluated more favorably and (2) a pause procedure improved recall. In this randomized controlled intervention study of all participants (N = 214) at the Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Board Review course, 48 lectures were randomly assigned to an intervention (pause procedure) or control (traditional lecture) group. The pause procedure was a 1-min pause at the middle and end of the presentation. Study outcomes were (1) presentation evaluation instrument scores and (2) number of recalled items per lecture. A total of 214 participants returned 145 surveys (response rate, 68%). Mean presentation evaluation scores were significantly higher for pause procedure than for traditional presentations (70.9% vs 65.8%; 95%CI for the difference, 3.5-6.7; p < .0001). Mean number of rapid recall items was higher for pause procedure presentations (0.68 vs 0.59; 95%CI for the difference, 0.02-0.14; p = .01). In a traditional CME course, presentations with a pause procedure had higher evaluation scores and more content was recalled. The pause procedure could arm CME presenters with an easy technique to improve educational content delivery.
Electromagnetic and material contributions to stress, energy, and momentum in metamaterials

We demonstrate modeling of the field-kinetic and material response subsystem for various media and extend the models to dispersive negative index metamaterials. It is shown that neither the Minkowski or Abraham models are universally correct, as demonstrated to describe metamaterials under both the field-kinetic and wave SEM models for various applications such as negative refraction, perfect lensing, and invisibility cloaking.
P-17 Improving psychological assessment of hospice in-patients using OACC

Background Anxiety and depression are under-diagnosed and under-treated in palliative care with prevalence thought to be 20%–49%. The Palliative Adult Network Guidelines state that psychological assessment is imperative to guide management. The Outcome Assessment and Complexity Collaborative (OACC) is seeking to implement outcome measures into routine palliative care that may improve practice. Aim To review whether psychological symptoms including mood state and anxiety were being assessed and reviewed in patients admitted to St John’s Hospice, Moggerhanger, UK. Method Data were collected from 28 patients admitted to St John’s Hospice during August 2015. Psychological assessment recorded in their medical notes were systematically reviewed using a checklist devised from OACC. The medical clerking was then changed in line with OACC so the psychological assessment included two questions taken from Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale: Over the past 3 days, have you been feeling anxious or worried about your illness or treatment? Have you been feeling depressed? A separate assessment of Information and Insight was also introduced. All case notes were re-audited in November 2015. Results 80% of patients had a psychological assessment completed by a doctor but only 35% mentioned mood or anxiety. Most common non-mood or anxiety related comments related to physical symptoms, prognosis or insight. At re-audit, 100% of patients had a medical psychological assessment and there was a significant decrease in recording of non-mood symptoms. Conclusions Without clear prompts, doctors often made poor assessments focusing on non-mood symptoms like insight or prognosis. Implementing OACC caused significant improvements in psychological assessment of patients by doctors. The change required minimal training. OACC can be a powerful and measurable tool for improving patient assessment.
On time discretizations for spectral methods

New methods are introduced for the time integration of the Fourier and Chebyshev methods of solution for dynamic differential equations. These methods are unconditionally stable, even though no matrix inversions are required. Time steps are chosen by accuracy requirements alone. For the Fourier method both leapfrog and Runge-Kutta methods are considered. For the Chebyshev method only Runge-Kutta schemes are tested. Numerical calculations are presented to verify the analytic results. Applications to the shallow water equations are presented.
Who Knew? Writing LGBT People in Judaism

ABSTRACTAdvocacy for open recognition and equality by Jewish LGBT people, both in their social communities and within temples and synagogues of each branch of contemporary Judaism, began in the 1970s with the founding of openly gay and lesbian congregations in England and the United States. This article traces the evolution of the arguments for and against inclusion over the last forty years through diverse publications from organizational and denomination documents and reports, periodical articles from the social sciences, personal accounts by LGBT Jews (both lay and members of the rabbinate), dissertations, and monographs.
The «sovereignty of the imamate» (Siyādat Al-Imāma) of the Jazūliyya-Ghazwāniyya: a sufi alternative to sharifism?

This article details the doctrine of the aṭ-Ṭā’ifa al-Jazūliyya, a populist and politically active Sufi order that dominated Moroccan mysticism throughout the sixteenth century. This doctrine focused on the concept of paradigmatic sainthood (quṭbiyya) and was influenced by two different models of religious authority. The first model saw authority as an acquired property, which was vested in the Sufi shaykh who best mirrored the qualities of the Prophet Muḥammad. The second model conceived of authority as an ascribed property, and saw it as an inborn grace (baraka) that was transmitted via descent through the Prophetic bloodline. In the writings of the Jazūliyya shaykh ‛Abdallah al-Ghazwānī (d. 935/1528-9), both models of authority were seen as part of the «prophetic inheritance» (al-wirātha an-abawiyyd), and were reconciled through the doctrine of the «sovereignty of the imamate» (siyādat al-imāma). In this doctrine, the axial saint of Moroccan Sufism, whom al-Ghazwānī called the jaras or «Bell-saint», stood as the successor (khalīfa) to the Prophet Muhammad and prime interpreter of Islam. He thus took on many of the qualities of the Shi‛ite Imam, an posed a serious challenge to the political leaders of the time.
Abstract 831: TGFβ controls the DNA damage response via miR-182 regulation of BRCA1 and ATM

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a well-documented tumor suppressor; a poorly studied aspect of TGFβ biology is its control of genomic stability. Our prior work showed that TGFβ compromises ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) kinase activity, which mediates recognition and repair of DNA damage. Consequently, inhibiting TGFβ following ionizing radiation increases clonogenic death in vitro and tumor control in vivo in breast, brain, and lung cancer preclinical models. As yet unknown is how TGFβ controls ATM kinase. We recently determined that TGFβ regulates mammary lineage commitment by post-transcriptional control of BRCA1 mRNA and protein by its suppression of miR-182 (Martinez-Ruiz et al., Science Signaling, in press). miR-182-mediated downregulation of BRCA1 impacts DNA repair and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in cancer cell lines (10.1016/j.molcel.2010.12.005) Here we used two cell culture models to investigate the effect of TGFβ regulation of BRCA1 and miR-182 on DNA damage response. Spontaneously immortalized Tgfb1 heterozygote and wild type fibroblasts from primary mammary epithelial preparations were synchronized in S-phase and exposed to UV radiation before fixation to detect unrepaired DNA damage by quantitative image analysis of 53BP1 foci. Consistent with compromised BRCA1 function, more than twice as many cells with 53BP1 foci were evident in Tgfb1 heterozygote fibroblasts compared to wild type cells (p Citation Format: Qi Liu, Haydeliz Martinez-Ruiz, John Murnane, Simon N. Powell, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff. TGFβ controls the DNA damage response via miR-182 regulation of BRCA1 and ATM [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 831. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-831
Bypassing miRNA-mediated gene regulation under drought stress: alternative splicing affects CSD1 gene expression

The binding site for miR398 in an isoform of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CSD1) is eliminated by alternative splicing to bypass miR398-mediated gene down-regulation under drought stress. MicroRNA (miRNA) binding sites (MBSs) are frequently interrupted by introns and therefore require proper splicing to generate functional MBSs in target transcripts. MBSs can also be excluded during splicing of pre-messenger RNA, leading to different regulation among isoforms. Previous studies have shown that levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CSD) are down-regulated by miR398. In this study, sequences and transcript levels of peanut CSD1 isoforms (AhCSD1-1, AhCSD1-2.1, and AhCSD1-2.2) were analyzed under the drought stress. Results demonstrated that a miR398 binding site is eliminated in AhCSD1-2.2 as a consequence of alternative splicing, which bypasses miRNA-mediated down-regulation under drought stress. This alternative isoform was not only identified in peanut but also in soybean and Arabidopsis. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing AhCSD1 were more tolerant to osmotic stress. We hypothesize that the level of AhCSD1 is increased to allow diverse plant responses to overcome environmental challenges even in the presence of increased miR398 levels. These findings suggest that studies on the role of alternatively spliced MBSs affecting transcript levels are important for understanding plant stress responses.
Targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy during active surveillance: Effect on hospitalization.

Abstract Objectives We investigated the effect of targeted antibiotic prophylaxis using rectal swab cultures on hospitalization for infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUSP). Materials and methods A cohort of men (1995–2016) with prostate cancer on active surveillance receiving annual TRUSP biopsies was surveyed to determine the incidence of hospitalization for suspected postbiopsy sepsis. We compared biopsy events (i.e., unique biopsies) in the era of empiric prophylaxis to those in the era of targeted prophylaxis based on culture. The effect of fluoroquinolone resistant organisms (FQ-R), and other demographic and clinical factors, on hospitalization was assessed using logistic regression. Results Of 1,167 men on active surveillance, 825 responded for a total of 3,361 biopsy events; 7 (0.79%) of 886 biopsies preceded by rectal swab culture resulted in hospitalization compared to 24 (0.97%) of 2,475 biopsies without culture (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.35–1.89, P = 0.63). Among 886 cultures performed, FQ-R organisms were identified in 194 (21.9%); 6 out of 194 (3.1%) biopsies with swabs positive for FQ-R resulted in admission compared to 1 out of 692 (0.14%) biopsies with fluoroquinolone sensitive swabs (OR = 22.1, 95% CI: 2.6–184.3, P Conclusion Targeted antibiotic prophylaxis is not associated with a significant reduction in hospitalization for suspected post-TRUSP biopsy sepsis. FQ-R and prostate volume exhibited strong associations with risk of hospitalization and could be included in a risk-adapted approach to prophylaxis, but better prophylactic strategies are needed for patients identified to be at high risk of subsequent hospitalization.
Viral quasispecies reconstruction via tensor factorization with successive read removal.

Motivation As RNA viruses mutate and adapt to environmental changes, often developing resistance to anti-viral vaccines and drugs, they form an ensemble of viral strains--a viral quasispecies. While high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled in-depth studies of viral quasispecies, sequencing errors and limited read lengths render the problem of reconstructing the strains and estimating their spectrum challenging. Inference of viral quasispecies is difficult due to generally non-uniform frequencies of the strains, and is further exacerbated when the genetic distances between the strains are small. Results This paper presents TenSQR, an algorithm that utilizes tensor factorization framework to analyze HTS data and reconstruct viral quasispecies characterized by highly uneven frequencies of its components. Fundamentally, TenSQR performs clustering with successive data removal to infer strains in a quasispecies in order from the most to the least abundant one; every time a strain is inferred, sequencing reads generated from that strain are removed from the dataset. The proposed successive strain reconstruction and data removal enables discovery of rare strains in a population and facilitates detection of deletions in such strains. Results on simulated datasets demonstrate that TenSQR can reconstruct full-length strains having widely different abundances, generally outperforming state-of-the-art methods at diversities 1-10% and detecting long deletions even in rare strains. A study on a real HIV-1 dataset demonstrates that TenSQR outperforms competing methods in experimental settings as well. Finally, we apply TenSQR to analyze a Zika virus sample and reconstruct the full-length strains it contains. Availability and implementation TenSQR is available at https://github.com/SoYeonA/TenSQR. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Reformulating the Miranda Warnings in Light of Contemporary Law and Understandings

Since Miranda v. Arizona was decided in 1966, much scholarly attention has been devoted to both the theoretical underpinnings and the real world impact of that decision. Little attention, however, has been paid to the substance or content of the warnings. The Supreme Court has often stated that the Miranda warnings requirement is a prophylactic rule that can change and evolve. However, in spite of 40 years of legal developments and practical experience, the content of these famous four warnings has never been modified or even been subjected to systematic scrutiny. This Article proposes that the substance of the Miranda warnings should be reconsidered as the rules of law underlying the warnings substantially evolve, and as we gain new insights into their effectiveness (or lack thereof). In light of the significant legal changes of the last four decades, and the real world experience that we have gained with the warnings during this time, Miranda's 40th anniversary presents an opportune time to reexamine the content of the warnings to ensure that they remain consistent with and continue to reflect the evolving legal principles that support and justify their existence, and to reaffirm that they remain effective in upholding and enforcing the constitutional rights of suspects. A close examination of the warnings suggests that they are out of date. This Article argues that if the warnings were redesigned today, by a Court as mindful of properly balancing the competing interests as was the Miranda Court, they would take a different form. The first two warnings, relating to the right to remain silent, would certainly be included. However, these warnings should be buttressed by a third right to silence warning that would provide something to the effect of: If you choose to remain silent at the beginning or at any time during the interview, your silence will not be used against you as evidence to suggest that you committed a crime simply because you refused to speak. Furthermore, the third and fourth warnings, relating to the right to counsel, would not make the updated list. In place of the two right to counsel warnings would be three new requirements, reflecting legal developments and practical lessons that have come to light since 1966. The first requirement would be a new warning as follows: If you choose to talk, you may change your mind and remain silent at any time, even if you have already spoken. The second requirement would be a rule mandating that the police to re-instruct suspects of the new Miranda warnings at intervals throughout lengthy interrogations. Finally, the police would be required to videotape all interrogations. These three new requirements would more effectively achieve the intended policy goals of the right to counsel warnings, and thus, should replace the right to counsel warnings in the prophylactic scheme.
Care of Nursing Home Residents by Advanced Practice Nurses: A Review of the Literature

The complexity of care in nursing homes has steadily increased during the past several years. Many nursing homes now provide care for both short-stay and long-stay patients who range in age from young to very old. At the same time, there has been a shortage of primary care physicians to provide care while nursing homes have been under intense scrutiny and pressure to improve the quality of care provided. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) are increasingly evident members of the nursing home workforce, providing both primary care to individual residents in collaboration with physicians and consultative services to nursing homes. This article reviews the research that documents the relationship between APNs and improved quality of care and begins a discussion of what constitutes APN best practices in the nursing home setting.
Electric Field Equations in Charged Regions

This subject starts with Coulomb’s law for two point charges, which says that the force exerted by one charge q Q at Q on the other q P at P,as shown in Figure 1, may be written in the form $$ F^{(PQ)} = \frac{{\gamma q^Q q^p \hat r}} {{r^2 }}, $$ (2.1.1) where \( {\hat r} \) is a unit vector directed along r from Q to P and γ is a scalar factor introduced for dimensional purposes. There are a fairly large number of dimensional systems in existence and they are all discussed in just about any text on electromagnetic theory. We will discuss some units in greater detail later on. For now we are interested in electrostatic units (e.s.u) only. In this set of units we take γ = 1, and then unit charges acting one cm apart produce a repulsive force of 1 dyne. This set of units is due to Gauss. It should be noted that other sets of units turn out to be more practical, different sets for different purposes, but this is not our concern here. Clearly, the force at Q due to the charge at P is equal and opposite to F PQ , or $$ F^{QP} = - F^{PQ} . $$ (2.1.2)
Cholinergic Excitability and Memory: Animal Studies and their Clinical Implications

When an organism learns, we presume that there must be a change within its nervous system. Such a change will then produce an alteration in the behavior of the organism on future occasions. When we search for the change that underlies learning, it would seem plausible to look for some change in the pattern of connectivity between the components of the nervous system. The synapse interconnects components of the nervous system. The plasticity of such interconnections could be mediated by the growth of new synapses, alteration in electrophysiological properties at the synapse, or systematic change in pharmacological synaptic sensitivity. Its lability makes the synapse a plausible target for investigations into the substrates of memory.
Finite element visualization of fatigue crack closure in plane stress and plane strain

Elastic-plastic finite element simulations of growing fatigue cracks in both plane stress and plane strain are used as an aid to visualization and analysis of the crack closure phenomenon. Residual stress and strain fields near the crack tip are depicted by both color fringe plots and x-y graphs. Development of the residual plastic stretch in the wake of a growing plane stress fatigue crack is shown to be associated with the transfer of material from the thickness direction to the axial direction. Finite element analyses indicate that crack closure does occur under pure plane strain conditions. The development of the residual plastic stretch in plane strain is shown to be associated with the transfer of material from the in-plane transverse direction to the axial direction. This in-plane contraction also leads to the generation of complex residual stress fields. The total length of closed crack at minimum load in plane strain is shown to be a small fraction of the total crack length, especially for positive stress ratios. This suggests that experimental measurement of plane strain closure would be extremely difficult, and may explain why some investigators have concluded that closure does not occur in plane strain.
EXPLOSIONS IN COMPLETELY UNSTABLE DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the explosions in completely unstable dynamical systems. A dynamical system X is said to have no C0 Ω-explosions if for any neighborhood U of its nonwandering set, Ω(X), all dynamical systems Y sufficiently near X (in the C topology) have Ω(Y) ⊂ U. When X is a flow on a closed manifold, it was shown in an earlier study that the existence of Ω-explosions is related to certain kinds of generalized homoclinic phenomena relative to Ω(X) and that such explosions do not occur in the presence of a fine sequence of filtrations for Ω, or equivalently, in the presence of a Lyapunov function for Ω. In trying to extend this theory to flows on open manifolds, the phenomenon of completely unstable systems can be observed, where Ω is empty. By removing the points of Ω(X) from the (closed) phase space of a system having Ω-explosions, a completely unstable system on an open phase space with Ω-explosions is obtained.
Abstract IA18: Integrin-α10 drives metastasis and sarcomagenesis in mxyofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) are the most common and aggressive types of genetically complex sarcoma. The development of new targeted therapies is vital for improving patients9 outcomes; however, the complexity of alterations in these sarcomas has made it difficult to find the true drivers of oncogenesis. To investigate the molecular basis of MFS and UPS oncogenesis and progression, we undertook gene expression and copy number profiling of a well-characterized set of 94 primary untreated high-grade MFS and UPS. Unsupervised clustering identified a subgroup associated with poor clinical outcome. This subgroup had strikingly higher expression of the integrin-α10 gene, ITGA10, and its expression was also independently associated with outcome. We therefore investigated the role of integrin-α10 in MFS and UPS cells, defined the pathways by which it exerts its effects, and tested pharmacologic inhibition of these pathways for antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of integrin-α10 induces growth suppression through apoptosis in MFS and UPS cells but not in normal mesenchymal cells. Integrin-α10 transmitted its tumor-specific signal via TRIO and RICTOR, two oncoproteins that are frequently co-overexpressed through gene amplification on chromosome 5p. TRIO and RICTOR activated RAC/PAK and AKT/mTOR to promote sarcoma cell survival. Inhibition of these proteins with EHop-016 (RAC inhibitor) and INK128 (mTOR inhibitor) had antitumor effects in tumor-derived cell lines and mouse xenografts, and combining the drugs enhanced the effects. Our results demonstrate the importance of integrin-α10/TRIO/RICTOR signaling for driving myxofibrosarcoma progression and provide the basis for promising targeted treatment strategies for patients with high-risk disease. Citation Format: Samuel Singer. Integrin-α10 drives metastasis and sarcomagenesis in mxyofibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in oral lichen planus: a 25-year population-based study.

Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the oral mucosa. Multiple studies have shown that approximately 1% of patients with OLP will develop oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however, no study has taken a population-based multicenter approach to demonstrate this association. Our main objective was to determine the incidence of OSCC in OLP in a specific population and secondarily to assist physicians regarding appropriate long-term monitoring of patients with OLP. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study. Patients with OLP from 1986 through 2010 were identified using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) for Olmsted County, Minnesota. For each OLP case (n = 303), we randomly selected two age- and gender-matched referents (n = 606). OLP diagnosis was established based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Medical records were reviewed for development of OSCCafter the OLP diagnosis (index date). The association between OLP and development of OSCC was assessed. Results In total, 303 patients with incident OLP were identified; the overall incidence of OLP per 100,000 person-years was 11.4 (95% CI, 10.1-12.7). Among the OLP cohort, 7 had OSCC (incidence of OSCC, 3.1%; 95% CI, 0.6-6.4%) at 20 years after OLP diagnosis. Three OSCC cases were identified among the referents. Patients with OLP were 4.8 times more likely to have OSCC than the matched referents. The median time to OSCC development was 14.7 years earlier for the OLP cohort. Conclusions Patients with OLP, particularly the erosive type, have an increased incidence of OSCC development and should be monitored closely.
Strategies for Micropatterned, Nanopatterned, and Hierarchically Structured Lotus-like Surfaces

It has been demonstrated experimentally that roughness changes contact angle (CA) in accordance with the Wenzel model or the Cassie-Baxter model, depending upon whether the surface is hydrophilic or hydrophobic (Bhushan and Jung 2011). Yost et al. (1995) found that roughness enhances wetting of a copper surface with Sn–Pb eutectic solder, which has a contact angle of 15°–20° for a smooth surface.
Increased absorption and translocation contribute to improved efficacy of dicamba to control early growth stage Palmer amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri )

Rapid growth of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) poses a challenge for timely management of this weed. Dose–response studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 under field and greenhouse conditions near Garden City and Manhattan, KS, respectively, to evaluate the efficacy of dicamba to control ≤10-, 15-cm, and 30-cm-tall A. palmeri, which mimics three herbicide application timings: on-time application (Day 0) and 1- (Day 1) and 4-d (Day 4) delays. Visual injury rating and reduction in shoot biomass (% of nontreated), and mortality were assessed at 4 wk after treatment using a three- and four-parameter log-logistic model in R. Increasing dicamba doses increased A. palmeri control regardless of plant height in both the field and greenhouse studies. The results suggest that delaying application 1 (15 cm) and 4 d (30 cm) resulted in 2- and 27-fold increases in the effective dose of dicamba on A. palmeri, respectively, under field conditions. However, in the greenhouse, for the same level of A. palmeri control, more than 1- and 2-fold increases in dicamba dose, respectively, were required. Similarly, the effective dose of dicamba required for 50% reduction in A. palmeri shoot biomass (GR50) increased more than 4- and 8-fold or more than 1- and 2-fold when dicamba application was delayed by 1 (15 cm) and 4 d (30 cm), in the field or in the greenhouse, respectively. To understand the basis of increased efficacy of dicamba in controlling early growth stages of A. palmeri, dicamba absorption and translocation studies were conducted. Results indicate a significant reduction in dicamba absorption (7%) and translocation (15%) with increase in A. palmeri height. Therefore, increased absorption and translocation of dicamba results in increased efficacy in improving A. palmeri control at early growth stages.
Semiconductor manufacturing strategy: Where in the world to locate a fab or cleanroom?

Abstract The global market for advanced technology manufacturing assets is becoming ever tighter, compelling semiconductor companies, including OSATs (outsourced semiconductor assembly and test), I...
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN THYROID STORM: A BIVENTRICULAR IMPELLA APPROACH

Acute biventricular failure in the setting of thyroid storm is rare, but is associated with a significant in-hospital mortality. Given the limited options for medical therapy, assessment for and implementation of mechanical circulatory support plays an integral role in patient outcomes. A 31 year
Comparison of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for premedication in children

Objective To compare the efficacy of intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine and midazolam for premedication in children.Methods Ninety-two ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ children (46 cases aged 1-3 yr and 46 cases aged 4-6 yr) scheduled for elective general or urologic surgeries,were enrolled in this study.The children were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =46 each):midazolam group (group M) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).The children accompanied by their parents were admitted to the anesthesia preparation room at about 20 min before induction of anesthesia,and midazolam 0.1 mg/kg or dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 10 min.Anesthesia was induced with proporol-rocuroniume-remifentanil,and maintained with sevoflurane-remifentanil-rocuroniume.Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) score,sedation score,HR,mean arterial pressure (MAP),respiratory rate (RR) and SpO2 were recorded before premedication (T1),before separation from their parents (T2) and when entering the operating room (T3).The incidence of sleep (a sedation score of 4) was recorded at T2,3.The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane,infusion rate of remifentanil,laryngeal air way removal time,emergence time,duration of stay at the recovery room,incidence of delirium during recovery period,the percentage of patients requiring rescue analgesic,and adverse effects were also retorded.Results Compared to that at T1,the mYPAS score was significantly decreased at T2,3,and the sedation score was significantly increased at T2,3 in both groups ( P ＜ 0.05),HR at T2 and MAP at T2,3 were significantly decreased in group D,and HR at T3 was significantly increased in group M ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared to group M,the sedation scores and the incidence of sleep were significantly increased at T2,3,and the HR was significantly decreased at T2 in group D ( P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the mYPAS score,RR,MAP,SpO2,end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane,infusion rate of remifentanil,laryngeal air way removal time,emergence time,duration of stay at the recovery room,incidence of delirium during recovery period,the percentage of patients requiting rescue analgesic,and incidence of adverse effects between D and M groups ( P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The sedative efficacy of iv dexmedetomidine is superior to that of iv midazolam when infused for premedication in children,but it exerts much influence on hemodynamics,and the changes in hemodynamics should be noted. Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Midazolam; Child; Premedication
Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair: Causes of Valve Failure and Long-Term Outcomes

Background Repair of bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) for aortic regurgitation (AR) has favorable outcomes, but the impact of natural disease progression on durability of repair is uncertain. We evaluated causes of reoperation and compared outcomes of BAV repair to those of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods Between January 1993 and December 2016, 113 patients had BAV repair at our institution for significant AR. Operative notes and pathology reports were studied to identify late causes of repair failure. For comparison with AVR, we utilized propensity score weighting with the score derived from preoperative and operative characteristics using gradient boosting machine model. Results A total of 26 patients had late AVR after initial repair. Causes of late valve dysfunction included calcification or fibrosis of the cusps (68%), concomitant replacement addressing moderate degree of aortic valve disease to avoid future operation (20%), and cusp prolapse (12%). Pathological evaluation of these excised valves reported calcification and fibrosis in 88% of the valves. Ten-year survival of patients undergoing BAV repair was 91% compared with 90% for patients undergoing AVR with a mechanical valve and 79% for AVR with a bioprosthesis (P = .6). Incidence of reoperation after AVR with a bioprosthesis was similar to risk after repair whereas AVR with mechanical valve showed significant advantage. Conclusions Disease progression with calcification or fibrosis is the most common cause of valve failure after initial repair of BAV. Clinical outcomes of BAV repair for severe AR appear superior to AVR with bioprosthesis.
Nicotine Exposure by Device Type among Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Users in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2015-2016.

Background: Previous studies have examined the characteristics of open and closed system electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users, but population-level information on nicotine exposure among these users has not been available. Methods: We analyzed nicotine biomarker and survey data from Wave 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study collected from October 2015 to October 2016. We identified 277 exclusive ENDS users and 468 dual cigarette and ENDS users and analyzed concentrations of nicotine and its metabolites obtained from urine samples by device type and other characteristics, such as frequency of use and e-liquid flavor. Results: Among exclusive ENDS users, open system users had higher levels of total nicotine exposure (TNE-2) than closed system users [8.8 μmol/g creatinine (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.3–14.8 μmol/g vs. 2.0 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.7–5.4 μmol/g)]. However, TNE-2 concentrations were similar when open and closed system users were stratified as daily [26.4 μmol/g (95% CI = 20.1–34.7 μmol/g) vs. 27.1 μmol/g (95% CI = 16.4–44.9 μmol/g)] and nondaily [0.5 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.1–1.9 μmol/g) vs. 0.2 μmol/g (95% CI = 0.0–0.7 μmol/g)] ENDS users. Dual users generally had higher nicotine exposure than exclusive users. Conclusions: Nicotine exposure was observed to be higher among exclusive open system ENDS users compared with closed system users, but levels were similar when users were stratified by frequency of use. Impact: These results suggest that exclusive ENDS users with similar use patterns receive comparable levels of nicotine, regardless of whether they use open or closed system devices.
Involvement of social work services in patients with advanced cancer in early-phase clinical trials (EP-CTs).

28Background: Early integration of supportive care in patients with advanced cancer has improved quality of life, symptom burden, and survival. Participants in EP-CTs often are highly pre-treated a...
The extended microbiology of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Observations during a double-blind controlled study of cephalexin twice versus four-times daily.

In a double-blind controlled study we compared the effectiveness of cephalexin b.i.d. versus q.i.d. in the treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis in 65 children. Clinical improvement was noted in 64 patients (98%) and bacteriologic cure in 60 (92%). Despite good compliance, three bacteriologic failures were noted in the q.i.d., and two in the b.i.d. treatment groups. Two of these five were carriers. Significant antibody responses were observed in 61% of the patients by at least one of three tests (ASO, anti-DNase B, Streptozyme). We also investigated the extended microbiology of streptococcal pharyngitis by looking for the presence of viruses, chlamydia and β-lactamase producing organisms in the pharynx. Respiratory viruses were isolated concomitantly withStreptococcus pyogenes in six patients. β-lactamase producing bacteria were present in the pharynx of 98% of the patients at the initiation of treatment and comprised 1–98% of the total bacterial flora. The β-lactamase producing flora did not significantly change with cephalexin therapy.
Surgical Stress Promotes Tumor Progression: A Focus on the Impact of the Immune Response

Despite advances in systemic therapies, surgery is crucial for the management of solid malignancy. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the body’s response to surgical stress resulting from tumor resection has direct effects on tumor cells or can alter the tumor microenvironment. Surgery can lead to the activation of early and key components of the innate and adaptative immune systems. Platelet activation and the subsequent pro-coagulation state can accelerate the growth of micrometastases. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an extracellular network of DNA released by neutrophils in response to inflammation, promote the adhesion of circulating tumor cells and the growth of existing micrometastatic disease. In addition, the immune response following cancer surgery can modulate the tumor immune microenvironment by promoting an immunosuppressive state leading to impaired recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs). In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of mechanisms of tumor progression secondary to surgical stress. Furthermore, we will describe emerging and novel peri-operative solutions to decrease pro-tumorigenic effects from surgery.
Microstructure and Phase Composition of Electroerosion Materials Based on Bronze Used for the Application of Metallization and Galvanic Coatings

A study of the phase composition of powder materials obtained by the electroerosion dispersion of BrC30 lead-bronze metal waste in distilled water is carried out. The preparation of metal materials of microfractions and nanofractions is carried out using an electroerosion-dispersion unit. The filings are placed in the reactor of the installation, which is filled with distilled water (an oxygen-containing medium). The following operating modes of the installation are set: pulse repetition rate of 95−105 Hz, voltage applied to the electrodes of 190−200 V, capacitor capacitance of 65.5 μF. At the places where the discharges occur, the temperature increases, and the materials melt and evaporate, which leads to the formation of fine particles. The phase composition of the powders is studied by X-ray diffraction on a Rigaku Ultima IV diffractometer. It is established that the main phases in the resulting electroerosion materials are Cu, Pb(Cu2O2), Pb5O8, Pb. The resulting powder materials can be used for metallization and galvanic coatings.
Finite-state script normalization and processing utilities: The Nisaba Brahmic library

This paper presents an open-source library for efficient low-level processing of ten major South Asian Brahmic scripts. The library provides a flexible and extensible framework for supporting crucial operations on Brahmic scripts, such as NFC, visual normalization, reversible transliteration, and validity checks, implemented in Python within a finite-state transducer formalism. We survey some common Brahmic script issues that may adversely affect the performance of downstream NLP tasks, and provide the rationale for finite-state design and system implementation details.