cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Banning tobacco advertising: boon to the industry?

In Reply. —Smoking is a highly complex and insufficiently understood behavior. Consequently, effective reductions in smoking behavior are likely to be achieved through a comprehensive public health strategy based on the best available data. At the same time, antismoking policies must be respectful of human rights and avoid promoting intolerance of socially unacceptable behaviors. Dr Simonich is correct to warn that a ban on advertising could sharply reduce the cost of doing business for cigarette manufacturers. Since the cigarette market exhibits some price elasticity, significant increases in taxes may be necessary to maintain or increase the price of cigarettes. We support a multidimensional public health approach to cigarette smoking, including tax increases, health education, smoking prevention, and cessation programs. We urge some caution regarding the remaining two suggestions made by Simonich—government-imposed smoking restrictions and a ban on the introduction of new brands of cigarettes. Government-imposed smoking restrictions can represent a
Polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition in juvenile freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract Weight gain and survival responses and analyses of fatty acid composition of tissue were used to investigate the nutritional value of C18 and C ≥ 20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) provided to juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii in a purified diet. Treatments consisted of isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets that contained graded levels of pure triglycerides of 18 : 3 n −3 (trilinolenin), 18 : 2 n −6 (trilinolein), 22 : 6 n −3 (tridocosahexaenoin) and 20 : 4 n −6 (triarachidonin), alone or in combination, or pure methyl esters of C≥20n−3. All diets were formulated to contain a total of 6% lipid. A diet containing only saturated (14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18 : 0) and monounsaturated (16 : 1 n −7, 18 : 1 n −9) fatty acids as lipid sources, in proportions similar to that found in a 2 : 1 cod liver oil/corn oil mixture, served as a conditioning and control diet. Qualitative and quantitative fatty acid composition of freshwater prawn tissue generally reflected that of experimental diets. Levels of some monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids appeared to change relative to additions of PUFA. Levels of 18 : 3 n −3, 20 : 5 n −3 and 20 : 4 n −6 were conserved in the polar lipid of the whole body tissue when they were not provided in the diet. Levels of n −3 PUFAs decreased in the neutral lipid of the whole body when not provided in the diet whereas levels of n −6 PUFAs remained unchanged or increased. After feeding trials of 135 and 150 days duration, a definite qualitative requirement for 18 : 3 n −3 and/or 18 : 2 n −6 could not be determined by evaluation of weight gain response. No significant differences in weight gain of prawns fed diets containing 18 : 3 n −3 or 18 : 2 n −6 PUFA at comparable levels were apparent. There was no evidence of de novo synthesis of 18 : 3 n −3 or 18 : 2 n −6. A dietary source of C≥20n−3 or n −6 fatty acids is required by juvenile prawns as indicated by significant increases in weight gain of juvenile prawns. At the termination of the feeding trials, mean weights of prawns fed diets containing C≥20n−3 or n −6 fatty acids were 30.3 to 95.3% greater than the mean weight of prawns of the control group. Most of the juvenile groups fed the C ≥ 20 PUFA containing diets had significantly greater weight gains than those fed the 18 : 3 n −3 and/or 18 : 2 n −6 diets. Diets containing either 22 : 6 n −3 or 20 : 4 n −6 HUFAs at levels ranging from 0.075% to 0.60% were equally effective. Juvenile M. rosenbergii have an extremely limited ability to convert C18 to C ≥ 20 fatty acids in the n −3 (linolenic) and n −6 (linoleic) families. There was evidence of the synthesis of 20 : 5 n −3 from 22 : 6 n −3. Examination of the combined percentage of C ≥ 20 PUFAs of the polar lipids from whole body tissue may assist in evaluating nutritional status relative to these essential fatty acids. Results suggest that n −6 and n −3 PUFA have different metabolic functions and that some distinct differences in the polyunsaturated fatty acid nutrition exist between the freshwater prawn and marine shrimp species.
Hyperbaric oxygenation enhances transplanted cell graft and functional recovery in the infarct heart

A major limitation to the application of stem-cell therapy to repair ischemic heart damage is the low survival of transplanted cells in the heart, possibly due to poor oxygenation. We hypothesized that hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) can be used as an adjuvant treatment to augment stem-cell therapy. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of HBO on the engraftment of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplanted in infarct rat hearts. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in Fisher-344 rats by permanently ligating the left-anterior-descending coronary artery. MSCs, labeled with fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) particles, were transplanted in the infarct and peri-infarct regions of the MI hearts. HBO (100% oxygen at 2 ATA for 90 min) was administered daily for 2 weeks. Four MI groups were used: untreated (MI); HBO; MSC; MSC+HBO. Echocardiography, electro-vectorcardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging were used for functional evaluations. The engraftment of transplanted MSCs in the heart was confirmed by SPIO fluorescence and Prussian-blue staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify key cellular and molecular markers including CD29, troponin-T, connexin-43, VEGF, alpha-smooth-muscle actin, and von Willebrand factor in the tissue. Compared to MI and MSC groups, the MSC+HBO group showed a significantly increased recovery of cardiac function including left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, fraction shortening, LV wall thickness, and QRS vector. Further, HBO treatment significantly increased the engraftment of CD29-positive cells, expression of connexin-43, troponin-T and VEGF, and angiogenesis in the infarct tissue. Thus, HBO appears to be a potential and clinically-viable adjuvant treatment for myocardial stem-cell therapy.
Short bowel syndrome – surgical perspectives and outcomes

Abstract Short bowel syndrome is a rare but challenging problem. A functional definition of the condition is that the patient has insufficient bowel to enable absorption of adequate fluids and nutrients to sustain life and growth. Aetiology may be congenital – via multiple atresias or gastroschisis; or acquired secondary to NEC or malrotation and volvulus. Treatments such as parenteral nutrition, surgical bowel lengthening procedures and intestinal transplant have improved prognosis for these patients significantly over the last decade. However, serious nutritional and infective complications remain. A structured feeding programme and timely interventions will produce the best outcomes for this challenging group of patients.
Radiation strengthening and embrittlement in heavy section plate and welds

Abstract Fast neutron induced changes in mechanical properties of a 12-in. thick manganese—molybdenum-nickel steel plate and matching submerged arc and electroslag weldments are presented. The increases of strength and notch-impact transition temperature and decreases in ductility are given for several temperatures of irradiation. Some observations using an instrumented Charpy testing machine are also presented.
Overmoded shear horizontal wave MEMS resonators using X-cut lithium niobate thin film

This work reports on the design, analysis and development of a lithium niobate (LN) based overmoded shear horizontal 0 (SH0) resonator. The device is extensively modeled using finite element method and a variety of resonance modes are identified in the simulated device response. The designed devices were subsequently fabricated by leveraging the ion-slicing enabled film transfer as well as several advanced micromachining techniques. The fabricated resonator has demonstrated a large electromechanical coupling of 14.5%, a quality factor of 510, and a spurious mode free response. The measured response shows good agreement with simulated results. The demonstrated SH0 resonator offers significant advantages in frequency scalability, impedance matching to supporting electronics, and absence of spurious modes.
Cocaine hepatotoxicity in cultured liver slices : a species comparison

Studies were carried out in order to find a sensitive in vitro model with which to investigate cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity. Precision-cut liver slices were prepared from: human, domestic pig, New Zealand white rabbit, Sprague-Dawley (S/D) rat, and two mouse strains (DBA/2Ha and ICR). The rationale for the choice of these species was that information on in vivo effects of cocaine was available in the literature. Slices were cultured for up to 6 h in the presence of 0-5 mM cocaine. Indices of toxicity consisted of K+ retention and Ca2+ uptake. Minimal effects and no clear dose-response relationships were observed. In addition to the studies with non-pretreated animals, liver slices were prepared from DBA/2Ha and ICR mice, both induced by housing on pine shavings, and phenobarbital pretreated Sprague-Dawley rats. The induced ICR mouse and rat were approximately 3 times more sensitive to cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity. The following order of sensitivity to cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity was established: induced rat = induced ICR mouse much greater than induced DBA/2Ha mouse = rabbit = uninduced ICR mouse = uninduced DBA/2Ha mouse = uninduced rat greater than pig = human.
Providing Access to Sources for India Studies at Indiana University Libraries: Piecing a Quilt

SUMMARY Indiana University's India Studies program is young, as is the Indiana University Libraries (IU Libraries) focus on India in the context of area studies programs. The process of crafting access to sources and developing library collections during a four-year period is the subject of the paper. The metaphor of making a patchwork quilt embellished with reflective mirrors representing virtual links is employed to emphasize the cooperative nature of acquisitions and collections in 2001, the year the IU Libraries migrated to a web-based catalog. Emphasis is placed on techniques for stretching resources. Uniform Resource Locaters (URLs) are included in footnotes to facilitate access to websites. An appendix features practical tips for working in languages unfamiliar to the selecting librarian, and cites sources helpful for working with Hindi and Sanskrit.
Partial purification of the glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver: A rapid, two-step procedure using DNA-cellulose

Abstract Glucocorticoid receptor from rat liver was purified 1800-fold by a rapid two-step procedure using DNA-cellulose. The procedure is based on increasing the affinity of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex for DNA by heating the complex. During a first chromatography step, unheated glucocorticoid-receptor complex is separated from cytosol proteins that bind to DNA-cellulose with high affinity. During a second chromatographic step, heat-treated glucocorticoid-receptor complex is separated from proteins with low affinity for DNA. The partially purified complex is functionally competent in that it is taken up by isolated rat liver nuclei.
Analytical estimate of the critical velocity for vortex pair creation in trapped Bose condensates

We use a Thomas-Fermi approximation that includes the leading kinetic terms due to fluid motion to estimate analytically the critical velocity for the formation of vortex pairs in harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. We find rough agreement between this analytical estimate and recent experiments on trapped sodium gas condensates.
On quantitative measures of indirect interactions

Indirect effects, whether density-mediated (DMII) or trait-mediated (TMII), have been recognized as potentially important drivers of community dynamics. However, empirical studies that have attempted to detect TMII or to quantify the relative strength of DMII and TMII in short-term studies have used a range of different metrics. We review these studies and assess both the consistency of a variety of different metrics and their robustness to (or ability to detect) ecological phenomena such as the dependence of forager behaviour on conspecific density. Quantifying indirect effects over longer time scales when behaviour and population density vary is more challenging, but also necessary if we really intend to incorporate indirect effects into predictions of long-term community dynamics; we discuss some problems associated with this effort and conclude with general recommendations for quantifying indirect effects.
GENETIC COMPARISONS OF FRESHLY ISOLATED VERSUS CULTURED SYMBIOTIC DINOFLAGELLATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR EXTRAPOLATING TO THE INTACT SYMBIOSIS

Zooxanthellae, algal symbionts in divergent marine invertebrate hosts, are a genetically heterogeneous group. All species descriptions and most physiological and infectivity studies of zooxanthellae have been conducted using cultured material. However, few studies have attempted to quantify the representation of cultures isolated from cnidarians to the in hospite zooxanthella populations of the individual host or host species from which they were established. RFLPs of small subunit (18S) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS)rDNA sequence data, and microsatellite analyses were conducted to assess the relatedness between cultured zooxanthellae and the in hospite populations of the individual host or host species from which they were isolated. RFLP data demonstrated that cultures may represent either the numerically dominant symbiont or ones present in lower number. ITS-rDNA sequences from zooxanthella cultures were disconcordant with ITS-rDNA sequences identified from in hospite zooxanthellae of the same host species, and microsatellites present in in hospite zooxanthella populations were absent from the corresponding cultures. Finally, reexamination of the literature revealed examples of zooxanthella cultures being nonrepresentative of in hospite populations. These data suggest that, in most cases, cultures are a subset of the original in hospite population. Factors such as failing to homogenize bulk cultures before transfer, growth medium used, and the picking of single motile cells may contribute to many zooxanthella cultures being nonrepresentative.
Protection of mouse lung by WR-2721 after fractionated doses of irradiation

The radioprotective effect of WR-2721 on mouse lung has been studied after single doses, 4 or 7 equal fractions of X rays. Using breathing rate and lethality to measure lung injury up to 1 year after radiation, significant protection against both pneumonitis at 7 months and fibrosis at 12 months was observed using 300 mg/kg of WR-2721. The degree of radioprotection was similar for pneumonitis and fibrosis and was not less after doses per fraction of 4.0 Gy. These data indicate that protection of mouse lung by WR-2721 will not be less in a multifractionated schedule of radiation, at least for doses per fraction greater than 4.0 Gy.
Tomato Products: A New Serum Separation Measurement

Previously developed methods to measure serum holding capacity of tomato products had either poor accuracy or were not adapted to the needs of industry. A new quick, reliable test that utilized an inexpensive apparatus was developed. This new test was highly correlated to serum viscosity and precipitate weight ratio. Strong correlation to these two consistency measurements indicated that both the viscosity of the soluble fraction as well as the quality and quantity of the insoluble material were involved in the serum holding capacity of the product.
Dependence-aware transactional memory for increased concurrency

Transactional memory (TM) is a promising paradigm for helping programmers take advantage of emerging multi-core platforms. Though they perform well under low contention, hardware TM systems have a reputation of not performing well under high contention, as compared to locks. This paper presents a model and implementation of dependence-aware transactional memory (DATM), a novel solution to the problem of scaling under contention. Unlike many proposals to deal with write-shared data (which arise in common data structures like counters and linked lists), DATM operates transparently to the programmer. The main idea in DATM is to accept any transaction execution interleaving that is conflict serializable, including interleavings that contain simple conflicts. Current TM systems reduce useful concurrency by restarting conflicting transactions, even if the execution interleaving is conflict serializable. DATM manages dependences between uncommitted transactions, sometimes forwarding data between them to safely commit conflicting transactions. The evaluation of our prototype shows that DATM increases concurrency, for example by reducing the runtime of STAMP benchmarks by up to 39% and reducing transaction restarts by up to 94%.
Nutrient-specific feeding and endocrine effects of jejunal infusions in obese animals

Intestinal nutrient infusions result in variable decreases in food intake and body weight based on the nutrient type and the specific intestinal infusion site. We previously found that intrajejunal infusions of a fatty acid and glucose, but not casein hydrolysate, decreases food intake and body weight in lean chow-fed laboratory rats. To test whether obese, high fat-fed animals would show similar decreases in food intake and body weight in response to intrajejunal infusions of the same nutrients, equal kilocalorie loads of these nutrients (11.4 kcal) or vehicle were infused into the jejunum of obese, high fat-fed male Sprague-Dawley rats over 7 h/day for 5 consecutive days. Food intake was continuously monitored, and body weight was measured daily. After the infusion on the final day, rats were killed and plasma was collected. Similar to lean chow-fed rats, intrajejunal infusions of linoleic acid (LA) and glucose (Glu), but not casein hydrolysate (Cas), suppressed food intake with no compensatory increase in food intake after the infusion period. In contrast to lean chow-fed rats, only the LA, and not the Glu or Cas, produced decreases in body weight in the obese high fat-fed rat. There also were no differences in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels in any of the nutrient infusion groups compared with saline infusion. These results suggest that there is a differential response to the same nutrients in lean vs. obese animals.
Amino acid toxicities of Escherichia coli that are prevented by leucyl-tRNA synthetase amino acid editing

Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) has evolved an editing function to clear misactivated amino acids. An Escherichia coli-based assay was established to identify amino acids that compromise the fidelity of LeuRS and translation. Multiple nonstandard as well as standard amino acids were toxic to the cell when LeuRS editing was inactivated.
Grossing of Bone and Soft Tissue (Common Specimens and Procedures)

The chapter addresses the processing of bone and soft-tissue specimens in the surgical pathology laboratory.
Optimal Diversification: Reconciling Theory and Evidence

In this paper we show that the main empirical findings about firm diversification and performance are consistent with the maximization of shareholder value. In our model, diversification allows a firm to explore better productive opportunities while taking advantage of synergies. By explicitly linking the diversification strategies of the firm to differences in size and productivity, our model provides a natural laboratory to investigate several aspects of the relationship between diversification and performance. Specifically, we show that our model can rationalize the evidence on the diversification discount (Lang and Stulz (1994)) and the documented relation between diversification and productivity (Schoar (2002)). EMPIRICAL WORK ON FIRM DIVERSIFICATION has often been interpreted as supporting the view that conglomerates are inefficient. Findings such as the fact that conglomerates trade at a discount, relative to a portfolio of comparable standalone firms, have led researchers to believe that diversification destroys value.1 Popular explanations for this "diversification discount" have generally emphasized the agency and behavioral problems associated with the existence of conglomerates.2 Unfortunately, this view of diversification creates at least two difficulties for researchers. First, while addressing the effects of diversification on performance, agency models often fail to answer the more fundamental economic question of why diversified firms exist at all, as diversification is often ex-ante inefficient. Second, the empirical predictions of these agency-based models are usually very hard to quantify and thus quite difficult to test. As a consequence, direct evidence supporting this agency view is
Model reference sliding control of nonlinear systems

Two shortcomings of model reference adaptive control are that it requires the controlled process to have a known structure and that the transient responses are usually not good. The authors present a control scheme to resolve the model reference control problem. The main advantages of this approach are that it can be applied to either linear or nonlinear systems in the same framework and the reference model can be chosen to be of lower order. The ideas of classical model reference control, feedback linearization, and the sliding mode control technique are combined to produce this scheme. The main features are that both nonlinear and linear systems can be handled within the same framework, and high performance of the controlled system can be expected. It is shown by examples that the model following errors are very small in both transient and steady-state cases, something which the classical model reference control scheme usually cannot achieve. >
Interactive Separation of Segmented Bones in CT Volumes Using Graph Cut

We present a fast, interactive method for separating bones that have been collectively segmented from a CT volume. Given user-provided seed points, the method computes the separation as a multi-way cut on a weighted graph constructed from the binary, segmented volume. By properly designing and weighting the graph, we show that the resulting cut can accurately be placed at bone-interfaces using only a small number of seed points even when the data is noisy. The method has been implemented with an interactive graphical interface, and used to separate the 12 human foot bones in 10 CT volumes. The interactive tool produced compatible result with a ground-truth separation, generated by a completely manual labelling procedure, while reducing the human interaction time from a mean of 2.4 hours per volume in manual labelling down to approximately 18 minutes.
Homojunction lead-tin-telluride diode lasers with increased frequency tuning range

Homojunction lead-tin-telluride (Pb 1-x Sn x Te) diode lasers with a CW frequency tuning range of 216 cm-1(near \lambda = 8 \mu m) were fabricated from a Te-rich, ingot-nucleated crystal. The increased frequency tuning range is attributed to a reduced threshold Current density, which allows a higher operating temperature. At a heat-sink temperature of 11.2 K, the threshold current density (J th ) is 212 A cm-2. The highest heat-sink temperature recorded for these lasers is 61 K with a corresponding J th of 1.75 \times 10^{3} A cm-2. The longest, continuous current tuning (at 17 K) of one mode is 2.4 cm-1. At a constant current, the temperature tuning of the same mode is 0.9 cm-1. The lasers generally emit a single mode for current levels below 125 percent of J th . Single-mode, single-ended output powers up to 0.9 mW have been recorded.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Postoperative Management and Nutritional Evaluation

Gastric bypass surgery requires ongoing patient effort and commitment to attaining and maintaining the appro priate body weight and a healthy lifestyle. Surgery helps limit the food intake, whereas patients should attempt to improve their eating habits and dietary practice. This requirement should be made clear to prospective patients and continually emphasized during pre- and postopera tive counseling. For maintaining the desired weight, patients need to learn how to make the right food selec tions and comply with all nutrient supplementations. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure involves bypassing a large part of the stomach and the duodenum, and a vari able length of the proximal jejunum. Consequently, patients are at risk for developing various deficiencies, in particular protein, iron, vitamin B12, folate, calcium, and other macro- and micronutrients. With proper supple mentation these deficiencies are largely avoidable.
Potential Variance Affecting Homeotic Ultrabithorax and Antennapedia Phenotypes in Drosophila melanogaster

Introgression of homeotic mutations into wild-type genetic backgrounds results in a wide variety of phenotypes and implies that major effect modifiers of extreme phenotypes are not uncommon in natural populations of Drosophila. A composite interval mapping procedure was used to demonstrate that one major effect locus accounts for three-quarters of the variance for haltere to wing margin transformation in Ultrabithorax flies, yet has no obvious effect on wild-type development. Several other genetic backgrounds result in enlargement of the haltere significantly beyond the normal range of haploinsufficient phenotypes, suggesting genetic variation in cofactors that mediate homeotic protein function. Introgression of Antennapedia produces lines with heritable phenotypes ranging from almost complete suppression to perfect antennal leg formation, as well as transformations that are restricted to either the distal or proximal portion of the appendage. It is argued that the existence of "potential" variance, which is genetic variation whose effects are not observable in wild-type individuals, is a prerequisite for the uncoupling of genetic from phenotypic divergence.
Recent Work on Kantian Maxims II

Maxims play a crucial role in Kant’s ethical philosophy, but there is significant disagreement about what maxims are. In this two-part essay, I survey eight different views of Kantian maxims, presenting their strengths and their weaknesses. In Part II: New Approaches, I look at three more recent views in somewhat greater detail than I do the five treatments canvassed in 'Recent Works on Kantian Maxims I: Established Approaches’. First, there is Richard McCarty’s Interpretation, which holds that Kant’s understanding of maxims can be illuminated by placing them in the context of the Wollfian tradition, according to which maxims are the major premises of practical syllogisms. The next subject Maria Schwartz, holds that careful attention to Kant’s distinction between rules and maxims, as well as Kant’s concept of happiness, allows us to make sense of almost all of Kant’s remarks on maxims. It may be, however, that on Schwartz’s view agents turn out to perform actions as opposed to thoughtlessly habitual behaviors much less often than is plausible. This leads to the final approach, exemplified by Jens Timmermann, which is that Kant understands maxims equivocally. I claim that something like Timmermann’s approach is the only way to make sense of all of what Kant has to say on maxims.
β-Carotene Alters the Morphology of NCI-H69 Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells

The effect of beta-carotene on the morphology of NCI-H69 small cell lung cancer cells that had undergone beta-carotene-induced growth reduction (P < 0.05) was examined. The cells were grown at 1 x 10(8) cells/L and were cultured with or without 20 micromol/L beta-carotene. The qualitative electron microscopic observations revealed that beta-carotene-treated cells contained more vacuoles than control cells not treated with beta-carotene. The quantitative image analysis showed a significantly smaller (P < 0.05) value of the nuclear roundness factor for treated cells compared with control cells, indicating an irregular nuclear morphology of beta-carotene-treated cells. The major diameter of the cells and the minor diameter of the nuclei were significantly smaller (P < 0.05), and the nuclear perimeter was significantly larger (P < 0.05) in beta-carotene-treated cells. The ratio of nucleus to cytoplasm was significantly less (P < 0.05) in beta-carotene-treated cells compared with control cells, indicating a less malignant growth of the cells. These results demonstrate that the treatment of small cell lung cancer cells with beta-carotene induces morphological changes in the cells concomitant with a reduction in their proliferation. Further investigation is required to show a direct effect of beta-carotene or its intracellular polar metabolites on the morphology of these cells.
UARS MLS observations of lower stratospheric ClO in the 1992-93 and 1993-94 Arctic winter vortices

Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements of lower stratospheric ClO during 1992-93 and 1993-94 Arctic winters are presented. Enhanced ClO in the 1992-93 winter was first observed in early December, and extensively during February when temperatures were continually low enough for polar stratospheric cloud (PSCs). Sporadic episodes of enhanced ClO were observed for most of the 1993-94 winter as minimum temperatures hovered near the PSC threshold, with largest ClO amounts occurring in early March after a sudden deep cooling in late February.
Annotated bibliography of the proceedings of the annual simulation symposium (1968-1991)

An annotated bibliography is being developed for the 435 papers that have been published in the Proceedings of the Annual Simulation Symposium since 1968. Using the Paradox relational database system, this catalog of the 24 volumes of papers contains descriptions and data of topical and indexical value. These papers track the evolution of the simulation discipline through changes in its subject matter; e.g., issues of simulation techniques, technology, languages, and applications, etc. This article presents a very brief analysis of some of the more notable trends and an appendix listing the titles of the papers alphabetized by author with an index of the symposium number followed by paper number. >
ORIGIN, SCALING, AND SATURATION OF SECOND ORDER POLARIZABILITIES IN DONOR/ACCEPTOR POLYENES

Abstract Two-dimensional plots representing the changes in charge and bond-order distributions induced by the optical field are used to investigate the size-scaling of polarizabilities of donor/acceptor substituted elongated polyenes. The second order polarizability (β) is shown to originate from localized regions at the donor/acceptor ends and therefore saturates to a constant value, independent on polyene size n, for large n. In contrast, the linear (α) and cubic (γ) polarizabilities have contributions from the entire chain and grow linearly with n. These real-space plots reveal directly the relevant electronic coherence sizes that control the optical response and should be most valuable in the design of new optical materials.
The postprandial effect of components of the Mediterranean Diet on endothelial function

Abstract OBJECTIVES This study investigated the postprandial effect of components of the Mediterranean diet on endothelial function, which may be an atherogenic factor. BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet, containing olive oil, pasta, fruits, vegetables, fish, and wine, is associated with an unexpectedly low rate of cardiovascular events. The Lyon Diet Heart Study found that a Mediterranean diet, which substituted omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched canola oil for the traditionally consumed omega-9 fatty-acid-rich olive oil, reduced cardiovascular events. METHODS We fed 10 healthy, normolipidemic subjects five meals containing 900 kcal and 50 g fat. Three meals contained different fat sources: olive oil, canola oil, and salmon. Two olive oil meals also contained antioxidant vitamins (C and E) or foods (balsamic vinegar and salad). We measured serum lipoproteins and glucose and brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an index of endothelial function, before and 3 h after each meal. RESULTS All five meals significantly raised serum triglycerides, but did not change other lipoproteins or glucose 3 h postprandially. The olive oil meal reduced FMD 31% (14.3 ± 4.2% to 9.9 ± 4.5%, p = 0.008). An inverse correlation was observed between postprandial changes in serum triglycerides and FMD (r = −0.47, p CONCLUSIONS In terms of their postprandial effect on endothelial function, the beneficial components of the Mediterranean and Lyon Diet Heart Study diets appear to be antioxidant-rich foods, including vegetables, fruits, and their derivatives such as vinegar, and omega-3-rich fish and canola oils.
Family-School Relations as Social Capital: Chinese Parents in the United States

Guided by both Coleman and Bourdieu’s theories on social capital, I interviewed Chinese immigrant parents to understand their experiences in weaving social connections with the school and teachers to benefit their children’s edu cation. This study confirms Coleman’s argument that human capital in parents will not transfer to the children automatically. The intergenerational transmis sion process is interrupted because the parents, although well educated, are not familiar with norms and practices in the new education system. In sharp contrast to parents in China, who aggressively seek and create opportunities to connect with teachers, immigrant Chinese parents adopt a passive role in initiating contacts with school and teachers. Factors contributing to the lower parental commitment to networking include time, jobs, language, and cultural barriers. However, the deeper reason lies in the change of people’s mindsets when they experience a dramatic shift in the surrounding social structures. The informant parents view American schools as egalitarian and competition free and, therefore, attribute to parent-teacher relationships less instrumental value in their children’s success than they would in China. American education professionals would be surprised by these parents’ naivety and idealization of American schools. Nonetheless, it would be simplistic to conclude that the lack of parental involvement is due to external restrictions or immigrant parents’ misunderstanding of the current U.S. society.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin mitigates VEGF-induced "inside-out" signaling to extracellular matrix by preventing RhoA activation.

The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors exert modulatory effects on a number of cell signaling cascades by preventing the synthesis of various isoprenoids derived f...
Leadership wisdom from the Jewish tradition models of leadership in times of crisis

Purpose – One of the major exams of leadership skills of a leader is the challenge of managing conflicts within the organization or within society he heads. Perhaps, this is the biggest challenge especially when there is a situation of external threat on that society. In this situation when the leader who is unable to maintain internal cohesion, then the danger is that it will accelerate the breakdown in make it easier for the external enemy to destroy that society. The purpose of this paper is to explore how Jewish tradition, using formative ancient stories, tried to teach us how a leader should behave in a crisis, and how not to behave.Design/methodology/approach – In this article, the author wants to show how Jewish tradition, using formative ancient stories, tried to teach us how a leader should behave in a crisis, and how not to behave. The rabbis of the Jewish tradition, that had written the Babylonian Talmud, reviewed the defeat of the Jewish people, in 70th as a failure of the leaders. Through the...
Functional Characterization of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3a (IRF-3a), an Alternative Splice Isoform of IRF-3

Virus infection of numerous cell types results in the transcriptional induction of a subset of virus- and interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes. The beta IFN (IFN-beta) gene is one of these rapidly induced genes; it serves as a fundamental component of the cellular defense response in eliciting potent antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects. One of the transcription factors involved in the stringent regulation of IFN-beta production following virus infection is interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 (IRF-3). We have characterized an alternatively spliced isoform of IRF-3 that we have called IRF-3a. IRF-3a can selectively and potently inhibit virus-induced activation of the IFN-beta promoter. IRF-3a lacks half of the DNA binding domain found in IRF-3 and is unable to bind to the classical IRF binding elements, IFN-stimulated response elements. These studies suggest that IRF-3a may act as a modulator of IRF-3.
Equity pedagogy: An essential component of multicultural education

(1995). Equity pedagogy: An essential component of multicultural education. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 34, Culturally Relevant Teaching, pp. 152-158.
Counterfeit testimony: lies, trust, and the exchange of information

Most explanations of the rational authority of testimony provide little guidance when evaluating individual pieces of testimony. In practice, however, we are remarkably sensitive to the varying epistemic credentials of testimony: extending trust when it is deserved, and withholding it when it is not. A complete account of the epistemology of testimony should, then, have something to say about when it is that testimony is trustworthy. In the typical case, to judge someone trustworthy requires judging them to be competent and sincere. In this essay we develop an exchange-based account of testimony that shows how those who receive testimony are in a position to evaluate the sincerity of speakers.
Cognitive Outcome of Acth-Treated Infantile Spasms

The long-term cognitive and seizure outcomes of 37 patients with cryptogenic infantile spasms (onset, age 3 to 9 months) treated with high-dose synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (1 mg IM every 48 hrs for 2 weeks, 8-10-week slow taper, followed by oral prednisone, 10 mg/d for 1 month, and slow taper for 5 months or until age 1 year) were evaluated at Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tiqva, Israel.
Monitoring and analysis of food-borne pathogens in food of Suzhou city in 2010

Objective:To learn the contamination status of food-borne pathogens in various foods of Suzhou city and to find the high-risk foods,so as to provide the scientific basis for effective prevention of the food-borne diseases.Methods:Pursuant to the method of national standard and the foodborne pathogen detection manual,six categories of foodborne pathogens were separated and identified.Results:Totally 272(158+114) various samples were determined,and 26(14+12) strains of pathogenic bacteria in them were detected,the overall positive rate is 9.6%,the strains for Staphylococcus,Listeria monocytogenes,Slamonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were 14,6,2 and 4 respectively.Conclusion:The positive rate of pathogen is high in done meat products and seafoods,and the main contamination of pathogenic bacteria in food were Staphylococcus,Listera monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,we should pay attention to them.
AN ELECTRONIC ASSAY OF CELL DEATH

Resistance to apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a hallmark of cancer. Release of cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria in response to cell-death signals is the checkpoint in the heavily regulated intrinsic apoptosis pathway, and a target of pharmacological manipulation. We present here an electronic sensing platform that can detect peptide (Bcl-2 family) induced release of Cyt c from vital, isolated mitochondria tethered directly to an optically transparent, atomically thin (graphene) electrode. We detect these events on minute quantitates of mitochondria (from as few as 100 ng of mitochondrial or 7000 cells), while simultaneously allowing for fluorescence characterization via existing libraries of fluorophores for a variety of assays. CCCP induced inner membrane potential collapse, and Bcl-2 family peptide induced Cyt c release from the outer membrane result in significant changes to the graphene electrode conductance due to its exquisite pH sensitivity. As designed and demonstrated, this electronic assay could be used to assess the effectiveness of various potential chemotherapies in vitro, as well as eventually as part of a process to predict patient specific outcomes for personalized medicine.
Tracking medication changes to assess outcomes in comparative effectiveness research: A bipolar CHOICE study.

Abstract Background Comparative effectiveness research uses multiple tools, but lacks outcome measures to assess large electronic medical records and claims data. Aggregate changes in medications in response to clinical need may serve as a surrogate outcome measure. We developed the Medication Recommendation Tracking Form (MRTF) to record the frequency, types, and reasons for medication adjustments in order to calculate Necessary Clinical Adjustments (NCAs), medication adjustments to reduce symptoms, maximize treatment response, or address problematic side effects. Methods The MRTF was completed at every visit for 482 adult patients in Bipolar CHOICE, a 6-month randomized comparative effectiveness trial. Results Responders had significantly fewer NCAs compared to non-responders. NCAs predicted subsequent response status such that every additional NCA during the previous visit decreased a patient's odds of response by approximately 30%. Patients with more severe symptoms had a greater number of NCAs at the subsequent visit. Patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder demonstrated a significantly higher rate of NCAs per month than those without a comorbid anxiety disorder. Patients with greater frequency, intensity, and interference of side effects had higher rates of NCAs. Participants with fewer NCAs reported a higher quality of life and decreased functional impairment. Limitations The MRTF has not been examined in community clinic settings and did not predict response more efficiently than the Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Version (CGI-BP). Conclusions The MRTF is a feasible proxy of clinical outcome, with implications for clinical training and decision-making. Analyses of big data could use changes in medications as a surrogate outcome measure.
On the Existence and Stability of Integral Manifolds for Fractional Functional Differential Systems

In this paper we consider a nonlinear functional differential systems of Caputo fractional order. Criteria for existence and stability of integral manifolds are established for the above systems using Lyapunov functions and a new fractional comparison principle.
First difference or forward demeaning: Implications for the method of moments estimators

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the method of moment estimation for dynamic panel models based on either forward demeaning (FOD) or first difference (FD) transformations to eliminate the individual-specific effects, using either all lags or one lag as instruments. We show that the Arellano–Bond-type generalized method of moment (GMM) based on FD is asymptotically biased of order using all lags or one lag as instruments where as N,T→∞. For GMM based on FOD, it is asymptotically biased of order when using all lags, but it is asymptotically unbiased when using only fixed number of lags as instruments. We also discuss these findings in light of the simple IV estimator. Monte Carlo simulations confirm our findings in this paper.
Management of Penile Amputation

When one reviews the literature surrounding penile amputation, most of what is found is individual case reports or reports of small series. Thus what is considered to be state-of-the-art management is gleaned from literature review, and frankly reliant on expert opinion. An exception to this statement is a series of penile amputation from Thailand published in 1983 (Bhanganada et al. 1983) in the American Journal of Surgery. That report described the management of approximately 100 cases of penile amputation, many of which preceded the description of microreplantation techniques and validated much of what literature reviews have proposed.
El Arte del Poder Monárquico: Cuentos Sacados de Cerámica Pintada

The painted classic Mayan pottery represents a valuable source of information about the physical, social, political and psychological composition of the Maya royal court. The painted scenes of the vessels provide details of the idealistic components and the hierarchical nature of the court, providing a unique opportunity to study Mayan aristocratic life and monarchical positions and on the historical individuals who ruled the ancient society as unique personalities instead of faceless people from a distant past.
Identity in Sociocultural Anthropology and Language

Research in this area takes identities to be relationships that are both emergent in interaction and contingent upon the discourses and ideologies of the culture in which an interaction takes place. Indexical meaning is central to the performance of such identities, and is the property of language that calls up previous and current contexts. Code choice and sociolinguistic variation are two of the most prominent linguistic features used by speakers to index stances and identities. The role of speakers' awareness of these indexical meanings is an important aspect affecting how linguistic forms are used.
Molecular Actuators in Action: Electron-Transfer-Induced Conformation Transformation in Cofacially Arrayed Polyfluorenes

There is much current interest in the design of molecular actuators, which undergo reversible, controlled motion in response to an external stimulus (light, heat, oxidation, etc.). Here we describe the design and synthesis of a series of cofacially arrayed polyfluorenes (MeFnHm) with varied end-capping groups, which undergo redox-controlled electromechanical actuation. Such cofacially arrayed polyfluorenes are a model molecular scaffold to investigate fundamental processes of charge and energy transfer across a π-stacked assembly, and we show with the aid of NMR and optical spectroscopies, X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations that in the neutral state the conformation of MeFnH1 and MeFnH2 is open rather than cofacial, with a conformational dependence that is highly influenced by the local environment. Upon (electro)chemical oxidation, these systems undergo a reversible transformation into a closed fully π-stacked conformation, driven by charge-resonance stabilization of the cationic charge. These fi...
Power in Close Relationships: A Dyadic Power Theory Perspective

Interpersonal power is an integral part of all human relationships. Relational power dynamics exist irrespective of whether or not they become expressed in conﬂict but aﬀect such basic relational elements as conﬂict topic choice, conﬂict strategy choice, and conﬂict outcomes. Power relations are therefore a crucial element to understanding the achievement of instrumental, relationship, and identity goals. Dunbar’s (2004) Dyadic Power Theory was created with precisely these considerations in mind. Our goal in this chapter is threefold: to examine the evidence collected thus far about the ability of DPT to explain power in dyads; to evaluate the methodological challenges facing DPT researchers; and ﬁnally to consider new applications of DPT to dyadic relationships.
Digital teaching materials of Kosen fundamental mathematics for Bilingual Engineering Education

Since the last decade, we have tried our mathematics education in English. This paper describes our trials toward a bilingual mathematics education. We investigate textbooks of mathematics used in English-speaking countries, and compare a fundamental mathematics textbook for Kosen education with them. Based on the results, we develop teaching materials for mathematics in English. Furthermore, we develop a learning support system aiming to increase the learning effects of digital teaching materials. We obtain a feedback from several students, but not analyzedthe quantitative educational effect of our system and mathematical contents yet. This analysis will be accomplished in the future.