cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine enhanced knee arthrography.

The effect of .3 cc of 1:1000 epinephrine on iodine concentration, total iodine content, fluid volume and radiographic quality was evaluated in knee arthrograms in dogs. With the addition of epinephrine the iodine concentration and total iodine content were significantly higher initially and remained significantly higher than in controls over a one hour period. The fluid volume in the knee was significantly lower with epinephrine. Initially both contrast absorption and dilution have major effects in decreasing iodine concentration. With increasing time the effect of contrast absorption becomes the major factor, having a two of three times greater effect on decreasing iodine concentration. With epinephrine radiographs were judged significantly better early and while the quality deteriorated rapidly in the controls the enhanced quality with epinephrine persisted up to one hour. Epinephrine is a very useful adjunct in enhancing the quality of knee arthrography.
Growth in Alcohol Use as a Developmental Predictor of Adolescent Girls’ Sexual Risk-Taking

Adolescent sexual risk-taking is common and often occurs under the influence of alcohol. Although alcohol use emerges in early adolescence, there is little empirical research examining whether growth in alcohol use during this developmental period predicts later risky sexual behavior. Such information could provide a critical opportunity for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections and unwanted teenage pregnancies. The current study examined alcohol use as a developmental mediator of the relationship between conduct problems, impulsivity, poverty, race and menarche assessed at age 11, and sexual risk-taking among girls at age 16. The sample comprised 499 participants of the Pittsburgh Girls Study (57.7% African American and 42.3% European American) interviewed annually for 6 years between age 11 and 16. The results of the conditioned latent growth curve model showed that the rate of increase in alcohol use, and African American race, predicted higher rates of sexual risk-taking at age 16. However, European American race predicted the intercept and slope of alcohol use. When mediation was tested, the results showed that age 12 use and an increase in propensity for alcohol use between 12 and 15 explained the relationship between European American race and later risky sex, but this was not the case for African American girls. Use of alcohol at age 12 also mediated the association between early menarche and subsequent sexual risk-taking. The implications of the findings for sexual risk prevention are discussed.
Managing fishery impacts on deep-water coral ecosystems of the USA: emerging best practices

The USA has rich and varied deep-water coral ecosystems. Disturbances from bottom trawls have been well documented in certain habitats and are considered the major threat to deep- water corals in most US regions where such fishing is allowed. Other bottom-set fishing gears (e.g. gillnets and longlines) can also impact these communities. The USA has taken far-reaching action to address these threats to deep-water habitats. Since 2006, the USA has protected nearly 1.8 million km 2 of vulnerable benthic habitats from bottom trawling, mostly in the Pacific. Additional major habi- tat conservation efforts are underway in the US Atlantic. In these efforts, a number of approaches are emerging as best-practices to conserve deep-water corals and other vulnerable marine ecosystems in the deep sea: (1) protecting particularly vulnerable areas, especially seamounts and major identified deep-water coral habitats, from impacts by all bottom-contact gear; (2) defining the current 'footprint' of bottom-trawl and dredge fisheries in partnership with the fishing community, and preventing expansion of these fisheries into deeper waters until they can be surveyed to identify potentially vul- nerable habitats; and (3) using fisheries observers and vessel monitoring systems to provide key information that can inform adaptive management and enforcement. In 2006, the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the nation's primary fishing law, was amended to explic- itly allow protection of deep-sea corals in their own right. These approaches are being incorporated into a national strategic plan to comprehensively study and conserve deep-water coral and sponge ecosystems, and may help inform ongoing international conservation efforts.
Assembling Extended Structures with Flavonoids

Three flavonoids, 3-hydroxyflavone (1), 3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone (2), and 4′,5′,7-trihydroxyflavanone (3), were mixed with diazobicyclooctane (DABCO, 4) in varying ratios. Single crystals from these solutions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction studies revealing extended structures exhibiting intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Four different structural motifs emerged: an undulating chain with π-π stacking in [1]2[4]; an helix in [1][4]; three-centered hydrogen bonding incorporating HDABCO+ and π-π stacking in [3][4]; and a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network in [2]2[4]3. Both the solvent and the number of hydroxyl substituents play a role in extended structure formation.
Hostility in smokers with past major depressive disorder: Relation to smoking patterns, reasons for quitting, and cessation outcomes

We examined trait hostility in 85 participants in a clinical trial of cessation treatment for smokers with a history of major depressive disorder. Consistent with hypotheses, trait hostility, as indexed by the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, was associated with greater smoking in social situations, greater expectations of being evaluated negatively by others because of smoking, and stronger extrinsic social reasons for quitting. Greater hostility was associated with significantly lower odds of smoking abstinence after treatment. Hostility was not associated significantly with smoking to manage negative affect, nor did it predict change in negative mood during treatment. Results suggest hostility may play an important role in smoking motivation and cessation outcomes among smokers with past major depression.
Interaction between constitutively expressed heat shock protein, Hsc 70, and cysteine string protein is important for cortical granule exocytosis in Xenopus oocytes.

In many species, binding of sperm to the egg initiates cortical granule exocytosis, an event that contributes to a sustained block of polyspermy. Interestingly, cortical granule exocytosis can be elicited in immature Xenopus oocytes by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. In this study, we investigated the role of cysteine string protein (csp) in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-evoked cortical granule exocytosis. Prior work indicated that csp is associated with cortical granules of Xenopus oocytes. In oocytes exhibiting >20-fold overexpression of full-length Xenopus csp, cortical granule exocytosis was reduced by ∼80%. However, csp overexpression did not affect constitutive exocytosis. Subcellular fractionation and confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that little or none of the overexpressed csp was associated with cortical granules. This accumulation of csp at sites other than cortical granules suggested that mislocalized csp might sequester a protein that is important for regulated exocytosis. Because the NH2-terminal region of csp includes a J-domain, which interacts with constitutively expressed 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsc 70), we evaluated the effect of overexpressing the J-domain of csp. Although the native J-domain of csp inhibited cortical granule exocytosis, point mutations that interfere with J-domain binding to Hsc 70 eliminated this inhibition. These data indicate that csp interaction with Hsc 70 molecular chaperones is vital for regulated secretion in Xenopus oocytes.
Monoclonal antibodies to human lysyl oxidase.

Abstract Hybridoma antibodies against human lysyl oxidase were produced by fusing Sp. 2.0-Ag 14 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice hyperimmunized with lysyl oxidase isolated from umbilical cords. Hybridomas positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human lysyl oxidase were cloned by the dilution method. Eight hybridomas producing antibodies were isolated, three of which also recognized purified bovine aortic lysyl oxidase in an ELISA. One of these antibodies, monoclonal antibody I, was purified and attached to Sepharose CL-4B. The immobilized antibody was effective in binding an enzymatically active 30,000 dalton species. Immunoblot analysis of four of these antibodies showed reactivity against dic 30,000 dalton catalytically active enzyme and the 24,000 dalton fragment of lysyl oxidase. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful tools for studying the localization and biosynthesis of lysyl oxidase.
Effects of teacher training and consultation on teacher behavior toward students at high risk for aggression

This investigation tested the effects of the Metropolitan Area Child Study (MACS) classroom enhancement intervention on teacher behavior. The teacher intervention consisted of teacher seminars and individual consultation, and was delivered in all three intervention conditions of the MACS study. Subjects for the present study were 287 students at high risk for aggression and 48 teachers randomly assigned by school to control or intervention conditions. Student and teacher behavior was observed prior to and following the intervention. Teacher feedback to students was associated with desirable change in student aggression. Teachers in the intervention condition provided more academic feedback to students, and used less large group lecture and more individualized seat work. Intervention teachers also became more likely than controls to give academic and behavioral feedback to more aggressive students. Other tests suggested that the intervention increased the likelihood that praise for positive behavior would be given to more aggressive students.
SPOUSES' COGNITIVE STYLES AND MARITAL INTERACTION PATTERNS*

This study explored the relationship between spouses' cognitive styles and interaction patterns that were characteristic of their marriage. Three measures of cognitive style and one measure of relational interaction patterns were used. Participants were 60 married couples. Results indicated that spouses' reports of parallel, complementary and symmetrical interaction could each be predicted from spouses' intolerance of ambiguity. Husbands reported more parallel interaction when more similar to their wives in cognitive complexity, and more symmetrical interaction when more dissimilar. Findings suggested a dimension of flexibility-rigidity exists for cognitive style and interaction style. Additionally, interaction patterns could be predicted from marriage length and the number of individuals at home. Implications of these findings for counseling are discussed.
Impact of SR Ca2+ Release on the Cardiac Action Potential Repolarization during Postnatal Development

In heart, the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) mechanism changes from sarcolemmal Ca2+ diffusion in newborn, to Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release in adult. This implies different contribution of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Since SR Ca2+ release (SRCa) deeply influences sarcolemmal Ca2+ fluxes, we hypothesized that the differential contribution of the SRCa to ECC during postnatal development is critical in defining the properties of AP repolarization in epicardium. Consequently, the AP properties were evaluated during postnatal development in correlation with the SRCa contribution to ECC. To this end, the temperature dependence of the epicardical AP properties was determined with the local-field fluorescence detection method in intact mouse hearts, with/without SRCa, and at various ages after birth (7h, 1d, 2d, 7d, & AD). Our pharmacological (ryanodine+thapsigargin) and thermodynamic (temperature dependence from 21°-37°C) studies confirmed that the SRCa contribution becomes more prominent with development. More importantly, they showed that the impact of SRCa on the AP duration (measured at 25% & 75% of repolarization; APD25 & APD75) exhibits a biphasic effect. At day 2, SRCa significantly reduced the APD25 & APD75 by 38.7% & 31%, respectively; while in adult SRCa prolonged the APD75 by 49.7%; with day 7 being a transitional stage with a 44%-shortened APD25 and 25%-lengthened ADP75. Interestingly, the peak-and-dome AP morphology typical of mouse ventricular myocytes, became evident only in adult. A possible explanation for this dual effect on APD is that early after birth, SRCa promotes a Ca2+-dependent inactivation of the L-type ICa while in adult, SRCa activates the Na-Ca exchanger forward mode. Altogether, our results demonstrated that differences in SR Ca2+ release during development not only play a different role in ECC, but greatly impacts plasma membrane excitability as well. Supported by NIH R01-HL-084487 to AE.
Designing personalized technology to augment patient-centered care

As people live longer and medicine improves, health issues also become more long lasting. During lengthier health journeys, patients' needs, goals and priorities change with time. Despite the dynamic nature of these health journeys, research has yet to examine how patient-centered health tools may adapt over time with users. My dissertation research aims to explore the utility and need for adaptable technology through a longitudinal deployment of mobile tools that progress with patients through their individual cancer journeys. The study will result in novel patient-facing tools and will demonstrate the feasibility of developing technologies that provide personalized support to individuals over time.
Parasites increase fluctuating asymmetry of male Drosophila nigrospiracula: implications for sexual selection

Fluctuating asymmetry (minor deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry) is manifested by individuals less able to buffer environmental stress during development. I utilized a system of two naturally-occurring parasites of Drosophila nigrospiracula to test whether parasitic infection during host development yields elevated degrees of fluctuating asymmetry in two morphological traits of males. This hypothesis has important implications for sexual selection, as it may explain why asymmetric males are often found to be sexually disadvantaged. In my system, nematodes infect larvae and therefore are more likely to disrupt development than mites which only parasitize adult flies. As predicted, nematode-infected male D. nigrospiracula had a higher degree of bristle asymmetry than did mite-infested and control (carrying neither parasite) males. There was also a significant relation between nematode number and degree of asymmetry. There was a significant negative relation between nematode load and size of adult males, implicating a causal link between nutritional stress during host development and fluctuating asymmetry. Patterns of wing length asymmetry were inconsistent with those of bristle asymmetry. Nematode-infected males did not differ in wing length asymmetry relative to mite-infested and control males, nor was there a significant relation between nematode number and wing asymmetry. This inconsistency in expression of asymmetry may reflect different intensities of selection operating on each morphological trait.
New Femininities: Postfeminism, Neoliberalism and Subjectivity

Rosalind Gill and Christina Scharff, 2011, Palgrave MacMillan, London and New York, 336 pp., (hbk), ISBN 978-0-230-22334-9 As I write this review, the global media is abuzz with the news that Kate ...
Turn nucleation perturbs amyloid β self-assembly and cytotoxicity.

Abstract The accumulation of senile plaques composed of amyloid β (Aβ) fibrils is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, although prefibrillar oligomeric species are believed to be the primary neurotoxic congeners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Uncertainty regarding the mechanistic relationship between Aβ oligomer and fibril formation and the cytotoxicity of these aggregate species persists. β-Turn formation has been proposed to be a potential rate-limiting step during Aβ fibrillogenesis. The effect of turn nucleation on Aβ self-assembly was probed by systematically replacing amino acid pairs in the putative turn region of Aβ (residues 24–27) with d -ProGly ( D PG), an effective turn-nucleating motif. The kinetic, thermodynamic, and cytotoxic effects of these mutations were characterized. It was found that turn formation dramatically accelerated Aβ fibril self-assembly dependent on the site of turn nucleation. The cytotoxicity of the three D PG-containing Aβ variants was significantly lower than that of wild-type Aβ40, presumably due to decreased oligomer populations as a function of a more rapid progression to mature fibrils; oligomer populations were not eliminated, however, suggesting that turn formation is also a feature of oligomer structures. These results indicate that turn nucleation is a critical step in Aβ40 fibril formation.
BID‐ASK SPREAD AND OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

In this paper we examine the relation between bid-ask spread and ownership structure variables based on 1985 data for 1,063 NYSE firms. We document a nonpositive relation between bid-ask spread and insider ownership and conclude that spread is unrelated to insider trading. We also find a robust significantly negative relation between spread and institutional ownership. Finally, we find a positive but generally insignificant relation between spread and blockholdings. Overall, our evidence does not support the predictions of asymmetric information models in markets with anonymous trading.
Band Structure of Silver Chloride and Silver Bromide

The valence and conduction bands of silver chloride and silver bromide were calculated using the augmented-plane-wave (APW) method. For both crystals the calculated bands were adjusted so that the experimental value of the direct band gap at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ was duplicated (${E}_{g}=5.13$ eV in AgCl, ${E}_{g}=4.29$ eV in AgBr). Several possible correction terms to the APW potential were considered. The effects of the nonspherical cubic field inside APW spheres and the varying cubic field outside the spheres were negligible. The mass-velocity correction was large for states which arise from the ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}(4d)$ electron. The calculated indirect band gaps were 3.28 and 2.89 eV for AgCl and AgBr, respectively. These values are within 10% of the experimental values. The indirect gap may occur along the [110] direction or at the point $L$.
Group psychotherapy and the mosaic adolescent society

Discussion of the influence of peer group mores and values on the adolescent patient's dysfunctional behaviors and treatment outcome. When the group therapist “thinks peer,” the group will focus on important issues such as inclusion, acceptance and awareness of the contrasting beliefs of the numerous peer subcultures within adolescent society. Strategies and approaches to create a therapeutic group milieu and structure are outlined to enable “unwanteds” to enter peer groups which support rather than impede the attainment of treatment goals. The need for leadership to be responsive to group members who have not experienced “negentropic” or functional systems is emphasized.
Temperature dependence of the Doppler-broadened spectra in Ag obtained by positron annihilation

Doppler-broadened spectra have been measured in well-annealed high-purity polycrystalline silver as a function of temperature between 9 and 1098 K by a two-detector Doppler-broadening positron-annihilation technique. Those positrons which annihilate with high-momentum core electrons exhibit a larger fractional change in intensity than those which annihilate with the low-momentum electrons when positron trapping at vacancies occurs. The probability of annihilation with the high-momentum core electrons remains constant as a function of temperature before positron trapping at vacancies is detected. The vacancy-formation enthalpy obtained by applying the two-state trapping model to the high-momentum spectra is 1.11 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.05 eV. The importance of utilizing high-momentum spectra for extracting vacancy-formation enthalpies is discussed, and a new structure is observed in the curves of the ratio between the high- and low-temperature momentum spectra.
The Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale: Clinician versus self-report format in adolescents in a residential treatment facility

The Children's Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY–BOCS) is a widely used measure of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) symptom severity in youth. Although originally designed as a clinician-administered measure, recent research suggests that a self-report version may be a reliable alternative, especially in settings where frequent assessment of OCD severity is needed. However, the clinical utility of the self-report version has only been examined in outpatient samples. The current study compared self-report (CY–BOCS-SR) and clinician interview (CY–BOCS) formats in a sample of adolescents admitting for residential OCD treatment. Participants were 35 adolescents (N=20 males; 91.4% Caucasian, 5.7% bi-racial) with a mean age of 15.6 years (SD=1.12, range=14–17 years). Results showed a significant, positive correlation between CY–BOCS versions. However, scores were significantly higher on the CY–BOCS, and an order effect was observed, such that participants who completed the CY–BOCS-SR first demonstrated a stronger correlation with the CY–BOCS than those who completed these measures in the reverse order. Results suggest that the CY–BOCS-SR may be a useful indicator of OCD severity but should not entirely replace clinician-administered assessment.
POLYVINYL SPONGE AS A NASAL IMPLANT IN OZAENA.

The methods used in the treatment of ozaena from ancient Egyptian times until the present day are briefly reviewed. The advantages and drawbacks of auto-, homo-, hetero- and alloplastic material are discussed. The author has used an endonasal implantation method in the operative treatment of 36 patients with genuine ozaena. As implantation material a polyvinyl sponge was used, bearing the trade name Ivalon. The period of observation has ranged from 2 to 44 years. In two-thirds of the cases the implant has been encapsulated without complications. In one-third, the implant has been entirely or partially expelled or removed, or a fistula has developed postoperatively after some length of time. Even in this group the symptoms of ozaena have improved in several cases, however. In 26 cases the operative results are very good, in eight cases a marked improvement has been noted, and in two cases there has been no improvement. In no case have the symptoms been exacerbated by the operation.
Mechanisms for the Processing of a Frozen Topoisomerase-DNA Conjugate by Human Cell-free Extracts

Abstract The metabolic fate of covalently linked DNA-protein complexes (cross-links) is not clearly understood. Our aim was to investigate the processing of protein-DNA cross-links by cellular enzymes. As an example of a DNA-protein cross-link, we have constructed frozen topoisomerase-DNA conjugates and investigated their processing by human cell-free extracts. A suicide DNA substrate was constructed that upon reaction with vaccinia type I topoisomerase yielded a highly stable covalent DNA-protein cross-link. When this conjugate was treated with human nuclear or whole cell extracts, two sites of DNA breakpoints were detected: one set of double-stranded breaks occurred close to the 3′ side of the topoisomerase (topo) conjugation site, and there was another set of nicks about 30 nucleotides 3′ to the topo site. The double-stranded breaks were not made by extracts from xeroderma pigmentosum group A mutant cells, suggesting that the xeroderma pigmentosum group A damage recognition protein may be required for the occurrence of DNA breakage. In addition to these DNA breakage reactions, there was an activity that resulted in the delinking of the frozen topoisomerase (or proteolytic fragments thereof) from the DNA substrate, which was followed by a ligation step that restored the continuity of the broken DNA strand at the erstwhile topo attachment site. We suggest that frozen topoisomerase-DNA conjugates (and perhaps other types of covalent DNA-protein complexes) are processed by multiple pathways that may involve the cleavage of the DNA in the covalent protein-DNA complex and/or enzymatic delinking followed by ligation of the broken DNA ends. These processes may represent the “repair” of DNA-protein cross-links.
Medicating for ADD/ADHD: Personal and Social Issues

Twenty college students from a private Midwestern university were interviewed about their past and present experiences with taking medication for Attention Deficit Disorder. Analysis of respondent interviews suggested the following themes that were discussed and analyzed: recruitment of the young, little personal stigma, societal issues, side effects and abuse. Social and personal factors associated with taking medication for ADD were explored and compared with prior studies on anti-depressant medication. Practice implications were presented.
Inhibition of germination ofAspergillus niger conidia by β-aminopropionitrile and its reversal by certain aldoses

Die Keimung der Conidien vonAspergillus niger wurde durch β-Aminopropionitril (BAPN) gehemmt. Anscheinend wird die Hemmung durchdl-Glycerinaldehyd oder durch Galactose aufgehoben, wahrend Saccharose sie verstarkt. Diese Resultate stimmen mit der Annahme uberein, dass BAPN mit Carbonylgruppen reagiert.
Seismic Column Demands in Ductile Braced Frames

In ductile braced frames, column seismic demands depend on the strength of ductile elements and yielding patterns that occur during earthquake loading. Column demands were investigated in buckling restrained braced frames (BRBFs), special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs), and eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) with different heights (3, 9, and 18 story) and strength levels using nonlinear time history analysis. For columns at the base of 9- and 18-story BRBFs and EBFs, axial demands observed from the analyses were 55–70% of demands commonly used in design, indicating potential cost savings on columns, anchor rods, base plates, and foundations in tall buildings; however, in low-rise SCBFs with braces in the 2-story X-configuration, column axial demands were up to 100% greater than those commonly used in design because of force redistribution that occurs after brace buckling. Column rotations in all frames were less than 0.03 rad . These rotation demands are lower than rotation capacities that have been...
How to think about mass religious conversion : Toward an explanation of the conversion of American Jews to Christianity

Mass religious conversion refers to the conversion of a society and of its institutions. Individual religious conversions follow from this social contextual change. This article is an exercise in developing social science concepts for the analysis of mass religious conversion. It draws on comparative historical, social survey and autobiographical materials. The conversion of the Copts of Egypt to Islam following the Arab conquests and the Christianization of Europe from medieval times illustrate the roles of social shock, the breakdown of communal authority and how a hegemonic religious system is adopted to restore social order to a subordinate community. The centrality of missions in the Christian case is illustrated. Data from the National Jewish Population Survey of 1990 permit an examination of the contribution of change in economic, social organizational and kinship institutions to change in religious institutions. Autobiographies of converts from Judaism to Christianity reveal some psychological mechanisms for dealing with societal and institutional religious changes. The article closes with a short exercise applying concepts developed here to understanding the conversion of American Jewry to Christianity.
Pain severity is associated with muscle strength and peak oxygen uptake in adults with fibromyalgia

Background: The associations between pain, lower extremity strength, and aerobic conditioning have not been widely investigated in adults with fibromyalgia (FM). The principle objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between pain severity and knee strength in patients seeking treatment for FM. A secondary objective was to investigate the relationship between pain scores and aerobic conditioning. Methods: Three measures of knee strength (isokinetic extensor, isokinetic flexor, isometric extensor) were quantified in the dominant leg of 69 adults with FM using a dynamometer at speeds of 60 degrees per second (60°/s) and 180°/s. Peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) was assessed using a cycle ergometer, and pain was assessed using the pain severity subscale of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory. Results: In univariable linear regression analyses using pain severity as the dependent variable, lesser values of isokinetic knee extensor strength at 60°/s (P=0.041) and 180°/s (P=0.010), isokinetic knee flexor strength at 60 °/s (P=0.028) and 180°/s (P=0.003), and peak VO 2 uptake (P=0.031) were predictive of greater pain severity scores. In multiple variable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and opioid use, the following associations retained statistical significance; isokinetic knee extensor strength at 60 °/s (P=0.020) and 180°/s (P=0.003), isokinetic knee flexor strength at 60 °/s (P=0.015) and 180°/s (P=0.001), and peak VO 2 uptake (P=0.014). However, no significant associations were found between pain severity and isometric knee extensor strength. Conclusion: The main findings from this study were that lesser values of isokinetic knee strength and peak VO 2 uptake were predictive of greater pain severity scores. These results build on the findings of previous investigations, but ongoing research is needed to further characterize the effects of strength and peak VO 2 uptake on the pathophysiology of FM.
Direct retinal input to the limbic system of the rat

Retinal projections in rats were studied using anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) tracing and electron microscopic (EM) degeneration. HRP-labeled axons were observed to leave the optic tract in the vicinity of the lateral geniculate nucleus and enter the stria terminalis where they coursed anteriorly to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), and the anterodorsal (TAD) and anteroventral (TAV) thalamic nuclei. After enucleation, selected areas studied with EM confirmed that retinal presynaptic terminals are located in the BNST and TAV. These results support the finding of Conrad and Stumpf that the retina has a direct link to the limbic system.
Estimation of Detection Probability in Manatee Aerial Surveys at a Winter Aggregation Site

Abstract Estimating components of detection probability is crucial to improving the design of aerial surveys for wildlife populations, and this is especially true for species of marine mammals that are threatened or endangered. To evaluate the probability that Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) will be detected by observers during aerial surveys, we conducted 6 series of survey flights, during mornings and afternoons on 14–16 consecutive days over the Tampa Electric Company's (TECO) Big Bend power plant discharge canal in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA (winter 2000 through 2003). Our objective was to understand how our ability to detect manatees at a winter aggregation site affects aerial survey counts, so that we may improve techniques for estimating manatee population size. We estimated the probability that manatees would be present at the warm-water discharge of the plant during winter cold fronts and estimated the overall detection probability of manatees present at the plant and the 2 compone...
Vanishing gastroschisis and short-bowel syndrome.

Abstract Background: Gastroschisis occurs in 1 of every 4000 live births resulting in a neonate with an abdominal wall defect that requires repair. Surgical correction has high survival rates. Case: An 18-year-old primigravida had a fetus with gastroschisis detected by ultrasound performed for elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. Subsequent ultrasound found resolution of the classic sonographic features of gastroschisis and evidence of intestinal obstruction. At birth, no obvious abdominal wall defect was seen. Laparotomy was done because of clinical and radiographic evidence of bowel obstruction, and we found significant bowel loss that resulted in short-bowel syndrome. Conclusion: Gastroschisis diagnosed antenatally can resolve in utero causing necrosis of portions of the small and large bowels, causing short-bowel syndrome and increased morbidity and mortality.
Studying the Gendering of Organizational Culture over Time: Concerns, Issues, and Strategies☆

Abstract Beginning with the premise that “organizational culture” is a useful heuristic for the study of gender at work, this chapter focuses on the problem of studying the culture of organizations over time, setting out to demonstrate how the social construction of corporate history has, until now, lent itself to gendered notions of business practices. Arguing that history itself is but one of a series of discourses about the world, the chapter outlines a feminist strategy for the study of organizational culture over time that includes: (i) feminist historiography as history written from a feminist point of view; (ii) a commitment to the notion of history as discourse rooted in the present; (iii) a view of women’s rights development as a paradoxical process of progress and regress; (iv) a gender focus approach that studies the impact of discrimination on the social construction of masculinity/femininity and sexual preference; and (v) an approach that is sensitive to the contextualization of gender. British Airways is used as a case study to illustrate some of the problems of historic re/construction and feminist historiography.
Science Advice in the White House? Continuation of a Debate

Thus, we are skeptical of the commonly stated arguments for re-creation of a science office at the White House, but are ultimately convinced that such an office is justified. A three-man CST is a reasonable proposal, although the detailed structure is less critical than the mandate given to the office, and the general understanding within government of its functions and limitations and of its relationship to the President. To give it permanence, the office should be grounded in a science policy management and oversight function that is critically needed today. That kind of strong office could lead a president to use it as his personal science advisory staff, but the decision must be made anew by each president. The President does have other ways of obtaining scientific advice, although the right kind of science office would be a preferable route in our view. The importance of such an office being able to present its analyses and recommendations in policy terms useful to other policy-makers cannot be overestimated. This has important implications for the kind of competence required to staff and work with such a council; it also requires recognition of the fact that policy-relevant studies and advice can never be value-free, even when carried out by scientists and engineers. And finally, such a council could bring intensive and continuous attention to the international dimension of U.S. science policy, which seems to us to be particularly neglected. It is not yet clear whether there will be any structural changes in the new Administration. But it is not too soon to be clearer about the essential factors that should underlie a sensible proposal for this or the next Administration.
Interactions between metallopeptidase 3 polymorphism rs679620 and BMI in predicting blood pressure in African–American women with hypertension

BMI represents an internal metabolic and physiological environment that plays a key role in development of high blood pressure (BP) for many Americans. African-American women have a higher prevalence of high BP and being overweight than men or other ethnic groups. This study examines the genetic-environmental interaction effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms and BMI on BP among African-American women using 1418 African-American women and men from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study. A total of 403 tests of single nucleotide polymorphism-BMI interaction were conducted using methods of internal replication, cross-validation, and false discovery rate. One single nucleotide polymorphism (located in the ATP6B1 gene, rs2266917) passed adjustments for multiple testing and had a significant independent main effect (P = 0.0018) on diastolic BP among African-American women. A significant sex-specific interaction effect was found between MMP3_rs679620 and BMI in African-American women (P = 0.0009). MMP3_rs679620 (A-G polymorphism) encodes a Lys-Glu nonsynonymous variant at the 45th amino acid of metallopeptidase 3 and indicates a putative functional modification of metallopeptidase 3. These findings were not identified in African-American men. MMP3_rs679620 appears to have a protective effect on diastolic BP in women with high BMI. Surprisingly, MMP3_rs679620 had the opposite effect on women with low BMI, resulting in higher diastolic BP.
Amylose optical rotation in some mixed solvent systems

This paper extends a previous study in which a discontinuity in the specific rotation of open chain α-l,4-linked glucopyranosides in the water–dimethyl sulfoxide (H2O–DMSO) system was attributed to a symmetry change about a polymer chain segment. Optical rotation of amylose, cyclohexamylose, methyl β-maltoside, and dextran was measured in the following mixed solvent systems: formamide–dimethyl sulfoxide (F-DMSO), ethylenediamine–dimethyl sulfoxide (E–DMSO), and hexamethylphosphoramide–dimethyl sulfoxide (HMPA–DMSO). Refractive index measurements were used in an attempt to detect hydrogen bonding between solvent components. The specific rotation of amylose corrected for variation in refractive index (CSR), as a function of solvent composition, showed a discontinuity at solvent compositions corresponding to about 1 mole F to 2 moles DMSO and to 1 mole E to at least 8 moles DMSO. A discontinuity in the CSR function of amylose in the H2O-DMSO mixed solvent that occurs at 25°C is not observed at 70°C. The CSR function of methyl-β-maltoside exhibits a discontinuity in solvent composition corresponding to mole ratios between 2F–DMSO and 3F–DMSO. Present results indicate that an amylose chain segment may undergo a symmetry change in solvent compositions corresponding to mole ratios between F–DMSO and F–2DMSO. Our CSR measurements of amylose and model compounds in E–DMSO and HMPA–DMSO do not permit us to distinguish between possible changes in amylose chain segment symmetry and solvent interactions that could affect symmetry properties of the glucopyranose ring.
Struggling for Each Other: The Stancioff Family at Work

Due to the unique nature of Stancioff family relationships, family members lived and work as a highly effective network of enabling partners. They were living and working in the rarefied world of diplomats and dealt with people in a variety of countries and cultures. Their eldest daughter, Nadejda Stancioff, pursued a diplomacy career in the 1910s and participated in the post-World War I peace conferences. Dimitri Stancioff, her father, was a diplomat, and her mother, the Countess Anna de Grenaud, was mistress of the robes at the Bulgarian Court at the end of the nineteenth century. They were a “mixed” family in many aspects, yet they thrived. The manner in which this family worked together is a rare example of cooperative collective efforts unfettered by gender biases. They also formed a unique transitional unit as a family who successfully combined the traditional with the modern to serve their collective ends.
Quantitative aspects of the reaction of ND3 with positive ions and the neutralization of ammonium ions in irradiated cyclohexane solutions

Abstract The formation of HD in the reaction of ND 3 with positive solvent ions in γ-irradiated cyclohexane solutions has been investigated as a function of solute concentration. From the observed concentration dependence the competition between geminate recombination and the scavenging reaction for the positive ions of cyclohexane is described by the reactivity parameter α ND 3 = 0·85 mol −1 . The yield of HD is decreased upon addition of C 2 H 4 to the ND 3 -cyclohexane solution. This has been found to be due to the fact that ethylene competes with ammonia for the positive ions and also scavenges hydrogen atoms. A quantitative treatment of these data shows that most of the HD ( ca. 75 per cent) is formed via thermal hydrogen atoms produced upon neutralization of ammonium ions with electrons. G (HD) also is decreased in solutions containing electron scavengers in addition to the ND 3 . It is concluded that the reaction of ammonium ions with secondary negative ions does not yield free hydrogen atoms. Quantitative aspects on the basis of ion pair lifetimes are discussed.
Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Measurements over the Eastern United States. Part IV: The Influences of Meteorological Factors.

Abstract The influences of meteorological factors on precipitation acidity and constituent concentrations were investigated statistically using selected portions of a new archive of daily precipitation chemistry measurements for the eastern United States. This archive consists of measurements from networks operated by the Electric Power Research Institute and Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program (EPRI-UAPSP), the Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study (MAP3S), and the Wisconsin Acid Deposition Measuring Programs (WADMP) during the period 1979 through 1983. Differences in acidity and analyte concentrations were found for different precipitation types. Rain had significantly higher average acidity, and higher sulfate and ammonium concentrations than frozen precipitation, while the latter had the highest nitrate concentration. Precipitation days were classified objectively into seven groups including warm frontal, cold frontal, and convective categories. On an overall basis for six sites...
Issues in the recruitment and success of women in academic surgery.

Abstract Background. We undertook a national survey of male and female academic surgeons to identify issues and perceptions surrounding the success of women in surgery. Data and Methods. A previously tested survey instrument was sent to 772 female and 994 male academic surgeons. Responses were entered and compared across a number of categories using descriptive statistics and t tests. Results. Women report similar objective experience, but have very different perceptions of the issues in academic surgery than do men. Differences include access to collaboration and support, issues in balancing family and work life, and to what degree perceptions are changing. Discussion. If we are to recruit and retain the best possible faculty into academic surgery, it will be necessary to further understand women's perceptions of their role in academic surgery and to address obstacles that exist for both men and women. (Surgery 2002:132:415-9.)
Characteristics of [3H]hemicholinium-3 binding to rat striatal membranes: evidence for negative cooperative site-site interactions

The characteristics of [3H]hemicholinium-3 ([3H]HC-3) interactions with rat striatal membranes were investigated. Under the described assay conditions, [3H]-HC-3 binds with a saturable population of membrane binding sites having the following regional distribution: striatum much greater than hippocampus greater than or equal to cerebral cortex greater than cerebellum. The specific binding of [3H]HC-3 showed an obligatory requirement for NaCl; other halide salts of sodium or KCl failed to substitute for NaCl. The Scatchard transformation of saturation isotherm data generated a curvilinear plot with high- and low-affinity components of binding. The dissociation of [3H]HC-3 at infinite dilution was also multiexponential. The dissociation could, however, be accelerated if unlabeled HC-3 was included in the diluting buffer, and this increase in dissociation appeared to be dependent on the concentrations of unlabeled HC-3 used, with the maximal increase demonstrable at 100 nM. The dissociation was also dependent on the fractional saturation of binding sites with labeled HC-3, such that, at higher fractional saturation of binding sites, the overall dissociation was faster and the difference in the dissociation observed between "dilution only" and "dilution + unlabeled HC-3" was reduced. This occupancy-dependent change in dissociation could also be influenced by temperature and pH. Based on the results of these kinetic studies, the steady-state [3H]HC-3 binding data were analyzed for a homogeneous population of binding sites undergoing site-site interactions of the negative cooperative type. Such an analysis yielded a KD of 9.3 nM for the high-affinity state and a KD of 22.8 nM for the low-affinity state of binding sites, with a Bmax of 434 fmol/mg of protein. Competitive binding studies showed that unlabeled HC-3 was most potent in displacing [3H]HC-3, followed by choline. Other drugs known to have little influence on the synaptosomal sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake system (SDHACU) had no significant effect on [3H]HC-3 binding sites. Similarities in ionic dependencies, regional distributions, and pharmacological selectivities of [3H]HC-3 binding with synaptosomal SDHACU suggest that [3H]HC-3 selectively labels SDHACU sites located on presynaptic cholinergic neurons in rat CNS. We suggest that the two affinity states of [3H]HC-3 binding sites represent the different "functional" states of the SDHACU system. The binding of HC-3 (or choline) with the high-affinity state of the binding sites induces negative cooperative site-site interactions among the binding sites, resulting in the formation of a low-affinity binding state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sublime monuments and sublime ruins in ancient aesthetics

The Greeks and Romans produced monuments – monumental buildings, temples, tombs, inscription-bearing slabs and other structures – as a way of projecting themselves into their own present and into the future of others. Monuments are reminders, in enduring material, of the achievement of a collective, even when they appear to commemorate an individual. They are collective expressions with ideological force. This paper explores the interaction between materiality, language and architecture in a Greek tradition of the sublime that exalts monuments and their ruins. The paper begins by proposing an aesthetics of early sepulchral inscriptions; it then looks at selected Hellenistic epigrams. It culminates in Hellenistic poetics, Vitruvian architecture and the Longinian sublime, which looks directly back to earlier developments in the same tradition of verbal architecture. The sublime is generated at the nether ends of the spectrum that monuments can occupy – at their moment of greatest possible expansion (at the ...
Spatial latent class analysis model for spatially distributed multivariate binary data

A spatial latent class analysis model that extends the classic latent class analysis model by adding spatial structure to the latent class distribution through the use of the multinomial probit model is introduced. Linear combinations of independent Gaussian spatial processes are used to develop multivariate spatial processes that are underlying the categorical latent classes. This allows the latent class membership to be correlated across spatially distributed sites and it allows correlation between the probabilities of particular types of classes at any one site. The number of latent classes is assumed to be fixed but is chosen by model comparison via cross-validation. An application of the spatial latent class analysis model is shown using soil pollution samples where 8 heavy metals were measured to be above or below government pollution limits across a 25 square kilometer region. Estimation is performed within a Bayesian framework using MCMC and is implemented using the OpenBUGS software.