cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brainstem and trigeminal nerve changes after radiosurgery for trigeminal pain.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the significance of radiological changes on follow-up MRIs after SRS for TN. Materials and Methods Thirty-seven patients with follow-up MRI because of paresthesias, bilateral treatment, or failure were analyzed regarding pain outcome and complications. Mean age was 64.4 years; 14 underwent previous treatment. Twenty-nine had ETN, 5 secondary TN due to tumor or multiple sclerosis, and 3 had atypical TN. Ninety gray was prescribed for 20 patients, 70 Gy for 5, and 80/85 Gy for 2. A 5-mm collimator was used in 32 (88.9%) cases. Mean follow-up was 15 months (range, 4-52 months). Results Excellent/good pain relief was sustained in 67% of cases at 13 months' follow-up. Enhancement on MRIs was observed in 21 cases (56.75%) with nerve enhancement in 9, pons enhancement in 4, pons-nerve enhancement in 4, and tumor enhancement in 4. Magnetic resonance images were unremarkable in 16 cases. Pain recurred in 4 cases (5.5-10 months). Pons enhancement correlated with pain relief (P = .0087) but not with nerve enhancement (P = .22). Incidence of slight paresthesias was 66.6%. No anesthesia dolorosa or ophthalmologic problems were observed. Paresthesias correlated with enhancement (P = .02), but not with brainstem volume encompassed by the 20%, 30%, and 50% isodoseline (P = .689, .525, .908). Enhancement free probability at 12 months was 48.5% (Kaplan-Meier). Conclusions Pons enhancement seems to be prognostic for pain relief without higher incidence of complications. Pons volume irradiated did not predict enhancement occurrence. Radiation delivery to the brainstem-REZ interface seems to improve pain outcome, although more paresthesias should be expected.
Medical careers and health care for Indian women: patterns of control

Abstract In the 1880s reform-minded men and women in Great Britain had joined the missionaries and a number of Indian reformers in demanding that Western medical care be extended to Indian women. The subjects of their concern were high-status Indian women who observed the norms of seclusion. British women, at this time entering the medical profession, supported this initiative because it legitimized their professional goals and promised employment. This paper explores the introduction of medical care for Indian women with reference to the life of Dr Haimavati Sen (c. 1867-1932), ‘lady doctor’ in charge of an exclusively women's hospital in Hughli district of Bengal. The paper explores two issues: the ways in which imperialism, feminism, and racism worked to marginalize Indian women in professional medical roles and the impact of this process upon women as patients and clients.
Hormonal and genetic influences on arousal – sexual and otherwise

Genetic influences on lordosis, a mammalian social behavior, are amenable for study because of the relative simplicity of both stimuli and response. The neural circuit for lordosis involves a supraspinal loop, which is controlled by an estrogen- and progesterone-dependent signal from the medial hypothalamus and results in heightened sexual motivation. In turn, this involves elevated states of arousal, defined by increased sensory alertness, motor activity and emotional reactivity. Mice in which the gene encoding the alpha form of the estrogen receptor (ERalpha) has been knocked out show that ERalpha is crucial for lordosis behavior. Comparing ERalpha-, ERbeta- and double knockouts reveals that different patterns of sexual behaviors in mice require different patterns of ER activity. Understanding how hormonal and genetic effects on deep motivational and arousal processes contribute to their effects on specific sexual and aggressive behaviors pose significant challenges for mouse functional genomics.
Nuclear forces from chiral EFT: The unfinished business

In recent years, there has been substantial progress in the derivation of nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory (EFT). Accurate two-nucleon forces have been constructed at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N3LO) and applied (in some cases together with three-nucleon forces at NNLO) to nuclear few and many-body systems—with a fair deal of success. This may suggest that the 80-year old nuclear force problem has finally been cracked. Not so! Some pretty basic issues are still unresolved, like, the proper renormalization of the two-nucleon potential and subleading many-body forces. In this contribution, I will focus on the latter issue.
Structure of a Glomulin-RBX1-CUL1 complex: inhibition of a RING E3 ligase through masking of its E2-binding surface

Summary The approximately 300 human cullin-RING ligases (CRLs) are multisubunit E3s in which a RING protein, either RBX1 or RBX2, recruits an E2 to catalyze ubiquitination. RBX1-containing CRLs also can bind Glomulin (GLMN), which binds RBX1's RING domain, regulates the RBX1-CUL1-containing SCF FBW7 complex, and is disrupted in the disease Glomuvenous Malformation. Here we report the crystal structure of a complex between GLMN, RBX1, and a fragment of CUL1. Structural and biochemical analyses reveal that GLMN adopts a HEAT-like repeat fold that tightly binds the E2-interacting surface of RBX1, inhibiting CRL-mediated chain formation by the E2 CDC34. The structure explains the basis for GLMN's selectivity toward RBX1 over RBX2, and how disease-associated mutations disrupt GLMN-RBX1 interactions. Our study reveals a mechanism for RING E3 ligase regulation, whereby an inhibitor blocks E2 access, and raises the possibility that other E3s are likewise controlled by cellular proteins that mask E2-binding surfaces to mediate inhibition.
Lupine calls to Texas poison control centers, 1998–2005

Many lupine species (Genus Lupinus) contain toxic compounds, although the amount of these substances varies by the plant part and species. This investigation described the epidemiology of 138 lupine exposures reported to Texas poison centers during 1998–2005. Almost 88% of the lupine exposure calls occurred in March and April, and 90% of the calls came from the central portions of the state. Sixty-one percent of the calls involved female patients, and 91% of the patients were age <6 years. The lupine exposure occurred at the patient's own residence in 79% of the cases. Of the reported lupine exposures, 93% were handled outside of health care facilities, and, of those cases with a known medical outcome, few moderate or major effects, and no deaths, were reported. The most frequently noted clinical effect among cases during 2000–2005 was vomiting, affecting 8% of the cases. In conclusion, most reported lupine exposures in Texas came from the central parts of the state, occurred in spring, and involved young...
On the displacement formulation of torsion of shafts with rectangular cross‐sections

The use of warping displacement functions for the torsional stiffness representation of beams with rectangular cross-sections is studied. These functions can directly be employed in the displacement-based formulation of Hermitian and isoparametric three-dimensional beam elements for linear, elastic-plastic or large displacement/large rotation analysis. the results of some studies are given to demonstrate the applicability and use of the proposed functions.
Spread of organisms from dental air rotor

When operating with an air rotor on patients with pathogens in their oral flora, the dentist and his assistant are ex­ posed to a serious health hazard. In the study reported, it was found that a semi­ circular area up to 4 ft. in front of the patient was contaminated with micro­ organisms when the dental air rotor was used without cutting tooth structure. Cultures were obtained by three methods — while the air rotor was operated at full speed directly over the left mandibular first molar in five patients with active tuberculosis with the water on, with the water off, and while using only the mouthwash spray apparatus in the mouth. Culture media were exposed for one minute to the aerosol emanating from the mouths of the patients at distances of 6 in., 2 ft. and 4 ft. Almost twice as many colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were obtained by the rotor-water-off method as by either o f the other two methods.
Dissociation Between Thyroxine Metabolism and Hormonal Action in Phenobarbital-Treated Rats

Phenobarbital injection reduces the biologic effectiveness of thyroxine in thyroidectomized rats maintained on a constant daily dose of hormone. This was inferred from measurements of total body oxygen consumption and the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in liver, heart and kidney. No changes in these parameters were observed when intact rats were given phenobarbital alone. Thus, the increased hepatocellular binding and deiodination of T4 stimulated by phenobarbital is not related to the biologic action of the hormone. On the contrary, phenobarbital administration reduces the biologic effectiveness of administered thyroxine by diverting hormone from extrahepatic and from specific intrahepatic sites of action. (Endocrinology 88: 115, 1971)
Active imaging of space objects using the HI-CLASS (high-performance CO 2 ladar surveillance sensor) laser system

The HI-CLASS is a high power, wideband, coherent laser radar for long range detection, tracking, and imaging located at the Maui Space Surveillance Site (MSSS). HI-CLASS will be used to provide high precision metrics as well as information for images of space objects and remote sensing with the same system. The HI-CLASS system is currently in the final of four phases. During Phase 1, breadboard hardware was built which led to a fully integrated laser radar system at MSSS. During Phase 2, an improved system oscillator and receiver-processor were built and integrated which brought the system capability to 12 Joules at 30 Hz. The Phase 3 system has the addition of a power amplifier to the transmitter which brought the system capability to 30 Joules Hz. The HI-CLASS system will validate technology and designs required for fielding operational systems since it has the potential to address operational areas of need for increased capability for information about space objects. HI-CLASS will provide high accuracy tracking in position and velocity simultaneously, and by ultimately providing size, shape and orientation information which will help assess adversary capabilities.
Microcomputers in undergraduate laboratory training in psychology

Goals for undergraduate training in psychology are reviewed, and a survey is reported to suggest ways in which computers are being used to meet these goals. Currently computers primarily aid data collection and analysis. Computer-based literature searching and word processing are becoming more common. The true challenge of laboratory training, however, is inquiry training: helping students generate and frame research questions and interpret their results. Are we using the time we have gained through computer data collection and analysis to meet these goals? Are there ways in which the computer can directly help us meet these goals? The new generation of flexible experiment-generator software may provide direct help of this sort, as may effective simulations of theory.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ-Dependent Activation of p21 in Panc-28 Pancreatic Cancer Cells Involves Sp1 and Sp4 Proteins

1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-trifluoromethylphenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhCF3) and troglitazone activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in Panc-28 pancreatic cancer cells and also inhibit cell proliferation. DIM-C-pPhCF3 was more active than troglitazone and was used as a model to investigate the mechanism of PPARγ-dependent inhibition of Panc-28 cell growth. DIM-C-pPhCF3 significantly inhibited G0/G1→S phase progression, as determined by FACS analysis, and this was associated with decreased retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and increased p21 protein and mRNA expression, but no change in p27 or cyclin D1. PPARγ antagonists blocked DIM-C-pPhCF3-induced growth inhibition and induction of p21 protein, and similar inhibitory effects were observed in Panc-28 cells transfected with a construct (pWWP) containing a −2325 to +8 p21 promoter insert. Deletion analysis of the p21 promoter indicated that PPARγ-dependent activation of p21 promoter constructs by DIM-C-pPhCF3 required GC-rich sites 3 an...
Recognition of resident and non-resident individuals in intraspecific nest defense of a primitively eusocial halictine bee

In laboratory colonies ofLasioglossum zephyrum, derived from unrelated pupae and in nests with identical soil and food sources, guards recognize non-resident conspecifics on the basis of odor discrimination. Odors which are important in this recognition mechanism seem to be individual bee odors. The system of recognition may be one of the following: 1. The guard recognizes the summation of odors emitted by all resident bees, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor which is not part of this repertoire elicits aggressive responses by the guard, or 2. the guard becomes habituated to the odors of each resident bee, and a non-resident intruder emitting an odor to which the guard is not habituated, elicits aggressive responses.
Activators of Protein Kinase C Act at a Postreceptor Site to Amplify Cyclic AMP Production in Rat Pinealocytes

Activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors appears to amplify beta-adrenergic stimulation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in rat pinealocytes severalfold by a mechanism involving activation of a Ca2+-, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The mechanism of action of protein kinase C was investigated in this report using intact cells. Activation of protein kinase C with 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 10(-7) M) or the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE; 10(-6) M) did not inhibit cAMP efflux in beta-adrenergically stimulated cells. The amplification of the beta-adrenergic cAMP response by these agents also occurred in the presence of isobutylmethylxanthine (10(-3) M) and Ro 20-1724 (10(-4) M), an observation suggesting that inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity is not the mechanism of action. Furthermore, although PMA (10(-7) M) caused a sixfold increase in the magnitude of the cAMP response to isoproterenol, it did not alter the EC50 of the response (1.7 X 10(-8) M), a result indicating that protein kinase C activation does not alter beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity. The cAMP response following cholera toxin pretreatment (60-120 min) was rapidly and markedly enhanced by alpha 1-adrenergic agonists (cirazoline greater than PE greater than methoxamine), by phorbol esters (PMA greater than 4 beta-phorbol 12,13,-dibutyrate much greater than 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate), and by synthetic diacylglycerols (1,2-dioctanoylglycerol greater than 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol much greater than diolein). The cAMP response to forskolin (10(-5)-10(-3) M) was also increased by PE (3 X 10(-6) M) and PMA (10(-7) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fine structure of nuclear division and microgametogony of Eimeria nieschulzi Dieben, 1924.

Nuclear division and microgametogony ofEimeria nieschulzi were studied by transmission electron microscopy. All nuclear divisions occurred in close proximity to the gamont surface with four centrioles situated between the nuclear envelope and the gamont plasmalemma. During early nuclear divisions, each nucleus had a rod or hourglass-shaped nucleolus, indicating that the nucleolus probably pinched in two during nuclear division. Nuclear divisions occurred by nearly centrally located intranuclear spindles. Two centrioles were associated with each centrocone. Spindle microtubules, which originated from each centrocone, either traversed to the other centrocone or terminated at kinetochores. Four to 6 chromosome-like structures were present in each dividing nucleus. The formation of 50 to 100 biflagellate microgametes occurred at the margin of the microgamont by a process similar to that described for other coccidian species. Microgametes were limited by a single membrane with a prominent glycocalyx, 13 nm thick.
PRESENCE AND POSSIBLE ASSIMILATION OF RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM IN THE GUT OF PEA LEAF WEEVIL, SITONA LINEA TUS, LARVAE

The presence and possible assimilation of Rhizobium leguminosarum in the gut of the pea leaf weevil (***Sitona lineatus (L.)) larvae was investigated with a fluorescent antibody technique and electron microscopy. The fluorescent antibody technique proved that many R. leguminosarum bacteroids were present in the gut of 14-day old larvae which had been feeding within pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules. Examination of larval midgut thin sections with transmission electron microscopy also revealed many R. leguminosarum bacteroids as a constituent of the gut contents. Intact bacteroids were more prevalent in the anterior and middle portions of the midgut while bacteroids with disrupted cell walls were observed more often in the posterior portions of the midgut. Of the hindgut sections examined, none showed the presence of intact bacteroids. These results provide strong evidence that R. leguminosarum bacteroids are digested, absorbed and possibly assimilated by pea leaf weevil larvae. RESUME PRESENCE ET ASSIMILATION POSSIBLE DE RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSA RUM DANS LE TUBE DIGESTIF DES LARVES DE SITONA LINEATUS Des anticorps fluorescents et la microscopie electronique ont ete utilises pour deceler la presence et une possible assimilation de Rhizobium ***leguminosarum dans le tube digestif des larves de Sitona lineatus L. La technique des anticorps fluorescents prouve que de nombreux bacteroides de R. leguminosarum sont dans le t.d. de larves agees de 14 jours qui se sont alimentees sur des nodules racinaires de Pisum sativum L. L'examen de coupes fines de l'intestin moyen en microscopie electronique a revele de nombreux bacteroides R. leguminosarum comme constituants du contenu du t.d. Des bacteroides intacts sont plus frequents dans les portions anterieures et moyennes du t.d. moyen, tandis que des bacteroides avec des parois cellulaires brisees sont observes plus souvent dans les parties posterieures du t.d. moyen. Aucune section du t.d. posterieur examinee ne contenait de bacteroide intact. Ces resultats fournissent des arguments solides sur la digestion, l'absorplion, et peul etre l'assimilation, des bacteroides R. leguminosarum par les larves de S. lineatus L.
Rhabdomyolysis after Correction of Hyponatremia Due to Psychogenic Polydipsia Possibly Complicated by Clozapine

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of rhabdomyolysis related to rapid correction of hyponatremia attributable to compulsive drinking of water, possibly complicated by clozapine use.CASE SUMMARY:A 42-year-old white man treated with clozapine for schizophrenia was admitted for a generalized seizure. Marked hyponatremia due to psychogenic polydipsia was present. He developed a marked elevation of creatine kinase concentrations after correction of hyponatremia with hyperosmolar sodium solution, without clinical signs of rhabdomyolysis.DISCUSSION:Rhabdomyolysis associated with hyponatremia due to water intoxication has been reported in 17 patients to date. A possible explanation may lie within the framework of the calcium– sodium exchange across the skeletal muscle cell membrane. By increasing muscle cell permeability, clozapine treatment may possibly enhance the destruction of muscle cells.CONCLUSIONS:Hyponatremia due to water intoxication and concurrent use of clozapine should be considered in the differential diagn...
A First-Principles Approach to Studying the Thermal Stability of Oxide Cathode Materials

We present a new method for predicting the thermodynamics of thermal degradation of charged cathode materials for rechargeable Li batteries and demonstrate it on three cathode materials, LixNiO2, LixCoO2, and LixMn2O4. The decomposition of LixNiO2 is a two-step process: the first step is a kinetically controlled exothermic conversion in which the layered structure transforms to the stable spinel structure. The second step is an endothermic decomposition of the spinel into a rocksalt phase, accompanied by the loss of oxygen. The heat generation for the overall reaction from the layered to the rocksalt structure is exothermic when x 0.5. From the calculated phase diagram, a similar mechanism is expected for LixCoO2, but the high migration barrier for Co may inhibit the layered-to-spinel transformation and lead to decomposition into LiCoO2 and Co3O4. For the stable spinel LiMn2O4, high temperature is needed to provide enough thermodynamic driving force for its endothermic deco...
Stem cells in mammary development and carcinogenesis: implications for prevention and treatment

Recently, substantial progress has been made in the identification and characterization of stem and progenitor cells in the mouse and human mammary gland. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that a variety of neoplasms, including breast cancer, may result from transformation of normal stem and progenitor cells. Consistent with this model of carcinogenesis, a breast cancer stem cell population, with the phenotype CD24-CD44+ lineage, was recently identified utilizing flow-cytometry based cell sorting and nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice xenografts. As few as 200 cells of this cancer stem cell population were capable of generating tumors in animals, whereas the bulk of the tumor population was tumorigenic only when implanted in high numbers. Like their normal counterparts, the cancer stem cells have the ability to self-renew, driving tumorigenicity and possibly recurrence and metastasis, and have the ability to differentiate, generating the heterogeneity of the tumors. This stem cell model of carcinogenesis has important implications for understanding the basic biology of breast cancer, as well as other cancers. Furthermore, the concept of cancer as a disease of stem and progenitor cells has profound implications for the development of new strategies for cancer prevention and therapy.
PROACTIVE PRACTICE REVIEW: A CRITICAL CASE STUDY OF ACCOUNTING REGULATION THAT NEVER WAS

Abstract Professions such as accounting negotiate the privilege of self-regulation. Although this process is often dominated by the sanctioning of deviance, self-regulation more fundamentally and routinely involves the monitoring and improving of member competence. However, the processes whereby professional regulators work to ensure accountant competence are poorly understood. This article provides a case study of accounting regulation in the U.S. Using institutional theory, the case illustrates how a state accountancy board served to legitimate both the profession and its own existence to the public, even when such an objective conflicted with the technical rationality of the board’s formal mandate to ensure adequate professional competence. The role of academics in the process of bringing aspects of the regulatory process to light is also considered.
Time-series forecasting: a testing of applications to the food-service industry

Abstract This paper examines the use of an intuitively appealing forecasting model for the food-service industry. After examining the current state of forecasting a brief introduction to the time-series method is undertaken. Finally, the simplest form of the model is applied in a case study.
Radiative decay of polaron-excitons in poly(phenylene vinylene).

Starting from a nondegenerate-ground-state Su-Schrieffer-Heeger-like model Hamiltonian for poly(phenylene vinylene) we study the effect of electron-lattice coupling on the radiative recombination of polaron-excitons, using a lattice relaxation theory which explicitly takes into account multimode effects. We provide a detailed microscopic description of the decay process with emphasis on the fact that the phonon modes of the excited state\char22{}the polaron-exciton\char22{}are different from the ground-state phonon modes. We find that at zero temperature all accepting modes are within an almost dispersionless ground-state phonon branch. Therefore, as long as the polaron-exciton is in its vibrational ground state a simple, empirical, single-mode description of the recombination (photoluminescence) is feasible. However, the complicated phonon structure of the polaron-exciton\char22{}including localized as well as extended modes\char22{}renders an Einstein desciption of promoting modes meaningless. We thus expect that in processes where promoting modes are involved a single-mode model breaks down.
Regulation of aging by germline stem cells.

The author discusses a recent paper published in Science (see Arantes-Oliveira) that shows that germline stem cells in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans send a signal to a steroid hormone receptor an...
Choledochal cysts: presentation, clinical differentiation, and management.

Choledochal cysts (CC) are a rare congenital cystic dilation of the biliary tract, first described by Vater and Ezler in 1723.1 They present primarily in female infants and young children and are more prevalent in East Asian populations. Although benign, CC can be associated with serious complications including malignant transformation, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and cholelithiasis.2 We herein provide a state-of-the-art, evidence-based review of CC with particular emphasis on clinical differentiation and approach to management. A search of the available electronic databases, including MEDLINE/ Pubmed, using the term choledochal cyst as well as under the MeSH database subheading choledochal cyst, was performed. Criteria for inclusion included English articles (Fig. 1). Figure 1 A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) diagram defining the method of inclusion and exclusion for studies used.
Dynamics of charge transfer: Rate processes formulated with nonequilibrium Green's functions

The authors examine the connection between electron transport under bias in a junction and nonadiabatic intramolecular electron transfer (ET). It is shown that under certain assumptions it is possible to define a stationary current that allows the computation of the intramolecular transfer rate using the same formalism that is employed in the description of transport. They show that the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism of quantum transport can be used to calculate the ET rate. The formal connection between electron transport and electron transfer is made, and they work out the simple case of an electronic level coupled to a vibrational mode representing a thermal bath and show that the result is the same as expected from a Fermi golden rule treatment, and in the high-temperature limit yields the Marcus electron transfer theory. The usefulness of this alternative formulation of rates is discussed.
Angelchik antireflux device: Computed tomography appearance

The Angelchik antireflux prosthesis is a silicon gel-filled, doughnut-shaped device with a tantalum tie strap that wraps around the gastroesophageal junction after reduction of a hiatal hernia. If dislodged, this prosthesis may produce a confusing picture on computed tomography, as it is of soft tissue density and may mimic a mass lesion. The computed tomography appearance of a normally placed prosthesis is demonstrated, and a case of prosthesis dislodgment diagnosed by computed tomography is reported.
Axial dispersion for turbulent flow with a large radial heat flux

In 1954, G. I. Taylor derived an expression for an apparent axial dispersion coefficient for mass transfer in turbulent flow under the assumption of no mass transport between the tube wall and the fluid inside the tube. Taylor's expression has been verified in a number of experimental efforts for both mass and heat transfer. This work extends the results of Taylor to the case where there is a significant transport of heat from the tube wall to the fluid in the tube, such as in a double-pipe heat exchanger. Using an analysis similar to Taylor's, it is shown that the apparent axial dispersion coefficient is about one order of magnitude larger when a large radial gradient is present. Experimental data on a double-pipe heat exchanger show significantly improved correspondence with a dispersion-based model of the system when the larger dispersion coefficients are used.
Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on native and telopeptide-poor collagen

Abstract Effects of ultraviolet light on physical, chemical and immunologic properties of acid-soluble and enzyme (proctase)-treated collagen were studied. Ultraviolet irradiation in air caused an initial increase in viscosity of both collagen preparations, rapidly followed by a loss of viscosity and a loss of negative optical rotation. Ultraviolet irradiation in nitrogen, however, led to a rapid increase in viscosity until a gel formed. With prolonged irradiation, this gel also depolymerized. Enzyme-treated collagen was less sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet irradiation than was acid-soluble collagen. Immunologic reactivity of enzyme-treated collagen was rapidly lost with short exposures to ultraviolet irradiation. Ultraviolet irradiation also inhibited fiber formation. These results suggest that photochemical modifications occur at telopeptide regions or remaining aromatic residues of enzyme-treated collagen during early stages of irradiation. The transition temperature of the melting curve of collagen became broad but there was no loss of negative optical rotation, suggesting that scission of collagen molecules into shorter fragments which retain helical configurations occurred with longer periods of irradiation. Splitting of the polypeptide chain probably occurs between nitrogen and the α-carbon.
Controlling for migration effects in ecological disease mapping of prostate cancer

Analytical disease mapping aims at linking control variables, the exposure to potential risk factors and to protective elements with the geographical distribution of disease events. Its goals are (a) to identify areas of atypical low and high disease risk and (b) to enhance our understanding of the underlying disease generating process. However, along with many other obstacles in analytical disease mapping, interregional migration masks for degenerative diseases with a long latency period any direct regional association between the observed disease rates and risks factors. Prostate gland cancer mortality rates of the 508 State Economic Areas (SEA) for the reporting period 1970–1994 are linked in an ecological regression model to proxy variables of putatively influential factors. A semi-parametric geographical filtering approach that uses the 1965–1970 interregional census migration flows among the SEA as underlying spatial structure is applied to control for confounding migration effects. This approach allows, despite some simplifying assumptions, to assess direct effects of potential risk factors on the spatial variability of prostate cancer and to visualize underlying spatial dimensions of the disease generating process. Results indicate a shift in relevance of the incorporated exogenous variables.
Cyclic 3′5′-AMP: Stimulation of β-galactosidase and tryptophanase induction in E. Coli

Abstract Cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3′,5′-AMP) participates in the regulation of many metabolic pathways in animal tissues (Sutherland and Rall, 1960) . Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP is also found in Escherichia coli, where its function is unknown (Makman and Sutherland, 1965) . This paper reports that cyclic 3′,5′-AMP increases the differential rate of synthesis of two inducible enzymes, β-galactosidase and tryptophanase. When the synthesis of these enzymes is repressed by glucose and pyruvate respectively, cyclic 3′,5′-AMP restores their synthesis to normal levels. Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP fails to stimulate the rate of synthesis of the repressible enzyme alkaline phosphatase.
Identifying Drivers for Consumer Acceptance and Purchase Intent of Corn Tortilla

The traditional production of corn tortilla has been modified by new processing technologies to make possible a commercial-scale production; this practice has resulted in products having sensory properties different from those produced by the traditional method. There is no published information on sensory attributes driving acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas. Identifying sensory drivers for acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas will help commercially produce products that satisfy consumers' expectations. A consumer study was conducted to evaluate acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortillas and determine drivers of acceptance and purchase intent of the products. Ten samples of corn tortillas were selected to represent a variety of corn tortillas available in the Mexican market. Three hundred Mexican consumers evaluated acceptability of appearance, color, thickness, rollability, resistance to tearing, aroma, chewiness, taste and aftertaste, and overall liking using a 9-point hedonic scale. Overall acceptance and purchase intent were determined with a yes/no scale. Analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of variance revealed that consumers were able to differentiate differences in sensory acceptability among 10 samples. For example, 2 homemade and 1 small commercial-scale samples, with an overall liking score of 6.6 to 6.7, were more acceptable than others. Rollability, resistance to tearing, and chewiness were attributes underlying overall differences among 10 samples. Attributes determining overall acceptance of corn tortillas were chewiness and overall liking. Purchase intent was influenced by overall appearance, rollability, chewiness, taste, and overall liking. This study revealed critical sensory attributes and their weights given by Mexican consumers when making decisions for acceptance and purchase intent of corn tortilla.
Ultrahigh Vacuum Surface Studies of the Electrochemical Atomic Layer Deposition of Indium Telluride on n-Type GaAs(100)

The electrodeposition of tellurium (Te) and indium (In) atomic layers on n-type GaAs(100) substrates is described. As-received n-GaAs(100) substrates were treated in 10% HF and ultraviolet (UV) ozone cleaned. The substrates were then transferred to an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber and cleaned by Ar + ion bombardment. The clean substrate was then transferred into an attached electrochemistry ante-chamber and immersed in a telluride solution, where a number of deposition potentials were investigated. The resulting Auger peak height ratios, Te/Ga, were plotted versus the Te deposition potential. From the Auger ratios, it was evident that bulk Te was formed between -0.4 and -0.8 V, while below -0.8 V, a reduction feature was observed corresponding to the reduction of Te to the telluride ion (Te° +2e - →Te 2- ). Below -0.9 V, only a surface-limited atomic layer of Te was left on the GaAs surface. Indium deposition on this Te-coated GaAs surface was also performed, and electrodeposited adlayer thicknesses were calculated from the Auger data. Indium electrodeposited directly on the GaAs surface resulted in 3D nucleation and growth of widely spaced In clusters. Electrodeposition of In on an atomic layer of Te on the GaAs surface resulted in layer-by-layer growth. Alternation of atomic layers of Te and In resulted in formation of indium telluride nanofilms, probably In 2 Te 3 , by electrochemical atomic layer deposition (ALD). Deposits with up to three cycles were performed.
NASA's Precision Segmented Reflectors (PSR) project

The PSR project representing a step toward developing the technology base needed to support future advanced astrophysics missions is described. The project is focused on producing high precision lightweight panels, large structures with proven erectability and accuracy, and lightweight and low power controls capable of achieving a high degree control of accuracy. Panels of sizes from 0.4 to 0.9 meter are fabricated to verify various design concepts for improving panel surface accuracy; in particular, a 0.4 meter panel is fabricated and refinished to a high degree of accuracy.
Quantum de Sitter fiber bundle interpretation of hadron extension.

A quantized geometrical description of hadron extension is developed based on Drechsler's soldered de Sitter fiber bundle, which possesses as fiber a local four-dimensional Riemannian space of constant curvature characterized by a radius of curvatureR of the order of 1 Fermi. The structural (gauge) group of the bundle is a de Sitter SO(4, 1), which contains all observable transformations (rotations as well as translations). The quantized de Sitter-structured connection of the bundle leads to a set of self-interaction gauge operators that “act back” on the de Sitter bundle by inducing a local curvature, which, in turn, affects a small neighborhood of the adjoining space-time position, leading to the experimentally observed “size” of the hadron. A particular choice for the quantized Lorentz cross section (gauge) is made that leads to the mathematically consistent and experimentally verifiable hadron model, the quantum relativistic rotator. Also investigated is the limit corresponding to taking the radius of curvature of the de Sitter fiber to infinity.
Pentazocine in rhesus monkey plasma and brain after parenteral and oral administration

Abstract Pairs of female rhesus monkeys were given either 0.5 mg radioactive pentazocine/kg intramuscularly or 1.5 mg radioactive pentazocine/kg orally and killed at intervals up to two hours. Plasma and cerebral tissue were analyzed for pentazocine and metabolites and other tissues for total radioactivity. Pentazocine was the only radioactive compound found in cerebral tissue from intramuscularly dosed animals and was always an order of magnitude higher in concentration than was plasma pentazocine. Cerebral and plasma pentazocine concentrations in orally dosed monkeys were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those in intramuscularly dosed monkeys. It is concluded that pentazocine is metabolized by the monkey as rapidly as it is absorbed.
Retinal attachment to the pigment epithelium. Linkage through an extracellular sheath surrounding cone photoreceptors.

The interphotoreceptor matrix, which occupies the so-called subretinal space in normal human eyes, was examined with electron microscopy after treatment with Cuprolinic Blue, a dye that selectively stains sulfated polyanions. A cylindrically shaped, extracellular ensheathing domain, composed of Cuprolinic Blue-positive particles, was observed surrounding each cone photoreceptor examined. Equivalent structures were not present around rods. Surrounding peripheral cones, the unit particles which comprised the sheath, were punctate in shape whereas in foveal and foveolar cones the particles were more elongate. A matrix domain completely enveloped each cone photoreceptor, beginning at the outer limiting membrane, extending beyond the tip of the cone outer segment, and ending at the apical surface of the pigment epithelium. Proximal to the pigment epithelium, specialized extensions of apical microvilli were present in the lumen of the matrix sheath and shorter microvilli appeared to be embedded in the sheath wall. When retinas were experimentally detached from the pigment epithelium and washed extensively before fixation and staining, the cone matrix domains remained associated with the cones, and broken fragments of pigment epithelial cell processes were present embedded in the distal tip of the cone matrix sheath wall. These observations indicate that the cone matrix sheath is insoluble and is closely associated with both the cone photoreceptor and the apical surface of the pigment epithelium. The implication of these findings is that the cone matrix sheath is a bridge through which the retina and pigment epithelium are physically attached. Abstract: RETINA 9:59-68, 1989
Chitosan Protects Cooked Ground Beef and Turkey Against Clostridium perfringens Spores During Chilling

We investigated the inhibition of Clostridium perfringens spore germination and outgrowth by the biopolymer chitosan during abusive chilling of cooked ground beef (25% fat) and turkey (7% fat) obtalated fiom a retail store. Chitosan was mixed into the thawed beef or turkey at concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2,0%, or 3.0% (w/w) along with a heat-activated 3-strain spore cocktail to obtain a final spore concentration of 2 to 3 log 10 CFU/g. Samples (5 g) of the ground beef or turkey mixtures were then vacuum-packaged and cooked to 60 °C in 1 h in a temperature-controlled water bath. Thereafter, the products were cooled from 54.4 to 7.2 °C in 12, 15, 18, or 21 h, resulting in 4.21, 4.51, 5.03, and 4.70 log 10 CFU/g increases, respectively, in C. perfringens populations in the ground beef control samples without chitosan. The corresponding increases for ground turkey were 5.27, 4.52, 5.11, and 5.38 log 10 CFU/g. Addition of chitosan to beef or turkey resulted in concentration- and time-dependent inhibition in the C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth. At 3%, chitosan reduced by 4 to 5 log 10 CFU/g C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth (P ≤ 0.05) during exponential cooling of the cooked beef or turkey in 12, 15, or 18 h. The reduction was signficantly lower (P < 0.05) at a chilling time of 21 h, about 2 log 10 CFU/g, that is, 7.58 log 10 CFU/g (unsupplemented) compared with 5.59 log 10 CFU/g (3% chitosan). The results suggest that incorporation of 3% chitosan into ground beef or turkey may reduce the potential risk of C. perfringens spore germination and outgrowth during abuisive cooling from 54.4 to 7.2 °C in 12, 15, or 18 h.
Battery-friendly design of signal processing algorithms

Portable systems today are designed with lowering the energy consumption as the primary design metric. This is unfortunate, since maximizing battery lifetime is a more appropriate metric, and lowering energy does not necessarily mean improving battery lifetime. We first show how to design battery-friendly implementations of common signal processing kernels such as FIR filters and FFT. The basic idea is to generate a load profile that results in better battery behavior. Next, we demonstrate how frequency scaling can be used effectively to improve the battery behavior of an application such as MPEG2.
Integral square generator angle index for stability assessment

This paper describes an index for judging the severity of transient events in simulation. The integral square generator angle (ISGA) index strongly penalizes diverging generators but also accounts for steady state transfer levels. Previous papers presented the ISGA index to evaluate the effectiveness of discontinuous feedforward controls. Most of this paper analyzes the potential use of the ISGA as a modal performance index and compares it with other modal indices for the step response of a second-order linear system.
Estrogen metabolism in the (New Zealand black × New Zealand white)F1 Murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus

Hepatic microsomal estrogen metabolism was analyzed in the (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 ([NZB x NZW]F1) murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Both the estrogen 2-hydroxylase activity (per mg microsomal protein) and the hepatic cytochrome P-450 content were higher in premorbid (NZB x NZW)F1 mice, as compared with similarly aged nonautoimmune mice. However, these differences were not associated with alterations in the relative formation of the 2-hydroxylated and the 16 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites. The development of overt nephritis was associated with a decrease in estrogen metabolic activity, but not with any alteration in the distribution of estrogen metabolites. Thus, estrogen metabolism was not altered in premorbid (NZB x NZW)F1 mice in a manner that would result in abnormal retention of hormonally active metabolites.
RASPBERRY3 Gene Encodes a Novel Protein Important for Embryo Development

We identified a new gene that is interrupted by T-DNA in an Arabidopsis embryo mutant called raspberry3. raspberry3 has “raspberry-like” cellular protuberances with an enlarged suspensor characteristic of other raspberry embryo mutants, and is arrested morphologically at the globular stage of embryo development. The predicted RASPBERRY3 protein has domains found in proteins present in prokaryotes and algae chloroplasts. Computer prediction analysis suggests that the RASPBERRY3protein may be localized in the chloroplast. Complementation analysis supports the possibility that the RASPBERRY3 protein may be involved in chloroplast development. Our experiments demonstrate the important role of the chloroplast, directly or indirectly, in embryo morphogenesis and development.
On-site primary care and mental health services in outpatient drug abuse treatment units

Providing health services to drug abuse treatment clients improves their outcomes. Using data from a 1995 national survey of 597 outpatient drug abuse treatment units, this article examines the relationship between these units' organizational features and the degree to which they provided onsite primary care and mental health services. In two-stage models, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations-certified and methadone programs delivered more on-site primary care services. Units affiliated with mental health centers provided more on-site mental health services but less direct medical care. Units with more dual-diagnosis clients provided more on-site mental health but fewer on-site HIV/AIDS treatment services. Organizational features appear to influence the degree to which health services are incorporated into drug abuse treatment. Fully integrated care might be an unattainable ideal for many such organizations, but quality improvement across the treatment system might increase the reliability of clients' access to health services.
A bilinear programming model and a modified branch-and-bound algorithm for production planning in steel rolling mills with substitutable demand

In this paper, we address an instance of the dynamic capacitated multi-item lot-sizing problem (CMILSP) typically encountered in steel rolling mills. Production planning is carried out at the master production schedule level, where the various end items lot sizes are determined such that the total cost is minimised. Through incorporating the various technological constraints associated with the manufacturing process, the integrated production–inventory problem is formulated as a mixed integer bilinear program (MIBLP). Typically, such class of mathematical models is solved via linearisation techniques which transform the model to an equivalent MILP (mixed integer linear program) at the expense of increased model dimensionality. This paper presents an alternative branch-and-bound based algorithm that exploits the special structure of the mathematical model to minimise the number of branches and obtain the bound at each node. The performance of our algorithm is benchmarked against that of a classical lineari...
Solitary esophageal leiomyoma with eosinophilic infiltrate: case report and review of the literature

SUMMARY Leiomyomas are common benign tumors of the esophagus representing 10% of all mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Prominent numbers of eosinophils involving a leiomyoma have only rarely been described. They have never been described involving a solitary leiomyoma of the esophagus. We present an unusual case of a solitary esophageal leiomyoma with a prominent number of eosinophils and mast cells, review the previous literature regarding this topic and discuss possible causes of the eosinophil infiltrate.
A Diagram of Panoptic Surveillance

This article critiques a number of recent attempts to outline a contemporary theory of panoptic surveillance. It argues that an updated Foucaultian thesis must take into consideration the decentered and networked aspects of information technologies in an attempt to explain how consumer `choice' is shaped by both rewards and punishments. Drawing upon the work of Foucault, Varela, Deleuze and Guattari, a diagrammatic theory of surveillance is developed, one that questions the interconnection between consumer, sales, distribution, and production data.