cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influencing with Integrity

At its very foundational essence, meaningful and effective transformation of healthcare delivery depends upon transformation of the core culture of care. This core culture of care is comprised of the leadership, values, behaviors, culture, and performance attributes of each individual provider and those of teams of providers delivering care. The levels of trust found in the most important care relationships demonstrate the best evidence of the current state of any care culture. The most important relationships to be measured are those existing between each individual patient and provider as well as those between providers on a care team. Trust is the reward given to the provider by the patient and other fellow providers after sustained demonstrations of integrity. Integrity of the individual and the integrity of the care team are those aspects most valued by the patient and other important stakeholders. While integrity and trust should exist at some level in any care culture, the large-scale cultural transformation of healthcare delivery will depend upon maximizing the power of integrity and trust through the intentional creation of a culture built on aligned core values.
Adaptive algorithms and data-dependent guarantees for bandit convex optimization

We present adaptive algorithms with strong data-dependent regret guarantees for the problem of bandit convex optimization. In the process, we develop a general framework from which the main previous results in this setting can be recovered. The key method is the introduction of adaptive regularization. By appropriately adapting the exploration scheme, we show that one can derive regret guarantees that can be significantly more favorable than those previously known. Moreover, our analysis also modularizes the problematic quantities in achieving the conjectured minimax optimal rates in the most general setting of the problem.
The Commission on Cancer’s survivorship care plan standard: Implementation is underway.

72Background: The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer established a patient-centered standard regarding the delivery of a survivorship care plan to cancer patients. In response to recommendations from the 2006 National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine report, From Cancer Patient to Cancer Survivor: Lost in Transition, a working group developed a set of Continuum of Care standards to address the psychosocial needs of cancer patients. In 2009 Commission on Cancer members had met to discuss a strategic plan for addressing a major shift in accreditation standards from process to patient-centered care with a focus on patient outcomes. According to Cancer Program Standards: Ensuring Patient-Centered Care, the cancer program must implement a process to disseminate a comprehensive care summary and follow-up plan to patients with cancer who are completing cancer treatment. Programs are in full implementation mode and surveys monitoring this Survivorship Care Plan Standard have begun this ye...
Conclusion: Like an Open Book

This chapter aims to demonstrate the broad benefit of a networked model of adaptation through an exploration of adaptation in contemporary visual art. As I have discussed in previous chapters, adaptation networks reveal the numerous ways in which readers engage with works and make them meaningful. This chapter considers adaptation as a strategy for personal meaning-making through the examination of work by two contemporary visual artists: that of the collaborative team of Tim Rollins and K.O.S. (Kids of Survival), and that of visual performance artist Tim Youd. Both have created visual art based on classic works of literature and situate their work within a larger network of literary appreciation and critical commentary, albeit via very different methodologies, motivations, and visual styles. Many of the works discussed in this book are what Brian Rose calls “culture-texts” (1996), and, as such, they might seem more receptive to a networked model of adaptation than a new work with comparatively limited adaptation history. To indicate the merit of the network model more fully, I turn to Emma Donoghue’s 2010 novel Room, which she adapted to the screen for the 2015 film of the same name, directed by Lenny Abrahamson, and show how its development and reception have been shaped from the outset by an adaptation network that generates and reiterates specific narrative moments and iconography.
Deciphering the diagenetic history of the El Abra Formation of eastern Mexico using reordered clumped isotope temperatures and U-Pb dating

Carbonates form ubiquitously throughout the history of deposition, burial, and uplift of basins. As such, they potentially record the environmental conditions at the time of formation. Carbonate clumped isotopes provide the temperature of precipitation but can be internally reordered if the host rock is exposed to elevated temperatures over geologic time scales. Here, we exploited this kinetic behavior by analyzing multiple generations of cements that capture the range of environments experienced by the El Abra Formation from eastern Mexico. From this, we developed a quantitative diagenetic history for these different phases of cementation. We observed a 70 °C range in clumped isotope temperatures from 64 °C to 134 °C for these cements, which is not compatible with their inferred precipitation environments. This suggests that bond reordering occurred during burial but did not fully reorder all cements to a common apparent temperature. We reconstructed original cement growth temperatures and the isotopic signature of the parent fluids to show that precipitation from a marine pore fluid began at 125 Ma, contemporaneous with deposition, and continued throughout burial to temperatures of at least 138 °C at 42 Ma. We show that precipitation of equant cements, which occluded 90% of the pore space, was coincident with Laramide-related burial to depths greater than 3800 m. A U-Pb age of diagenetic calcite of 77.1 ± 3.6 Ma provides independent support for our estimates of the absolute timing of precipitation of two distinct phases of the paragenesis. This is the first demonstration of the utility of integrating U-Pb age dating with reordered clumped isotope temperatures to provide quantitative constraints on the time-temperature history of cementation. Such information may ultimately lead to advances in our understanding of the formational environments and geological processes that drive diagenesis in carbonates for temperatures below the clumped isotope “blocking temperature.”
Opto-mechanical programming of micro-scale information on transparent multilayer shape memory film

Abstract Micro-scale surface shape memory effects were investigated on multilayer films that were produced with alternating layers of PVAc and PU. Two different types of micro-scale patterns, including a sharp microprismatic pattern and a smooth microlens pattern, were embossed on the surface of the PVAc/PU multilayer films by a PDMS replica mold using the soft lithography method. The microprismatic pattern as a permanent surface structure on the intrinsically transparent multilayer films renders the films opaque and the microlens surface pattern endows the clear films with focusing properties. The micro-structured surface is programmed by compression and recovery to switch the corresponding optical property of the film. Based on this switchable optical property, the patterned PVAc/PU multilayer film can be employed as an anti-counterfeiting feature in packaging. In this paper, the shape memory effect of the multilayered film was found to be dependent on the composition of the PVAc relative to the PU layers. In addition, the shape memory effect of the layered PVAc/PU films was enhanced compared to the PVAc control film. The recovery mechanism of the shape memory films was interpreted using Burgers viscoelastic model. The effects of the compression pressure, recovery temperature and the geometry of the patterns on the micro-scale shape memory behavior of the PVAc/PU multilayer films were also investigated.
Precollege Sexual Violence Perpetration and Associated Risk and Protective Factors Among Male College Freshmen in Georgia.

Abstract Purpose Sexual violence (SV) perpetration on college campuses is a serious and prevalent public health issue in the U.S. In response, incoming male freshmen are mandated to receive SV prevention programming. To provide a more effective response, however, we need to understand the SV behaviors of male freshmen before they arrive on campus and the associated factors that contribute to risk and that afford protection, areas that have received limited attention. Methods Male freshmen (N = 1,133) across 30 selected 4-year colleges and universities throughout the state of Georgia were recruited for a longitudinal study on SV perpetration. Levels of precollege SV as well as a range of covariates were assessed at baseline. Self-reported SV perpetrators were compared with nonperpetrators on demographic and hypothesized covariates deemed either risk or protective; then risk and protective models were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results Weighted analyses revealed that 19.3% self-reported perpetrating SV before college. Before starting college, young men who reported more sexual media consumption, heavy episodic drinking, hypermasculine beliefs, and peers who endorsed SV were more likely to have a history of SV perpetration at college matriculation. Alternatively, men with more knowledge of effective sexual consent and stronger family functioning were less likely to arrive to college with an SV perpetration history. Conclusions A significant proportion of incoming male freshmen have perpetrated SV previously. Colleges and universities need to assess incoming freshmen for risk behaviors and negative beliefs and to offer both primary and secondary preventions to more effectively reduce further perpetration.
A Spatial Markov Model for Climate Extremes

ABSTRACTSpatial climate data are often presented as summaries of areal regions such as grid cells, either because they are the output of numerical climate models or to facilitate comparison with nu...
Land preservation decisions: theoretical and empirical analysis

There is a great concern that human actions are leading to increased rates of extinction of species. Ecologists have pointed out that the most important threat to wildlife comes from habitat alteration. The rapidly increasing human population and the resulting pressing demand for food and living space are pushing highly diverse natural areas into agriculture and other alternative uses. Recognizing this, the Federal agencies and private organizations, such as the Nature Conservancy, are becoming increasingly engaged in programs for conservation of species, where habitat restora­ tion is an important component. However, this conservation is costly and there is uncertainty in the efficacy of preservation. Thus, it becomes important to consider these aspects for efficient conservation. This dissertation examines the effects of uncertainty, ecological and land conversion irreversibil­ ity, and endogenous learning on land conversion decisions for species preservation. The preser­ vation decision of three types of policymakers is investigated: active learner, passive learner and non-learner. These policymakers face the same optimization problem but differ in their behavior towards learning. An experimenting policymaker or active learner updates his beliefs and under­ stands that his actions determine the extent of the information acquired. A non-experimenting policymaker or passive learner is a Bayesian learner who understands that the beliefs may be up­ dated in the future but completely ignores the influence of his actions on the posterior beliefs and a non-learner is one who completely ignores the prospect of learning overtime. Experimentation effect, which compares the active learner's preservation action to that of a passive learner, is inves­ tigated. In addition, the difference between the action of a passive learner and non-learner, termed Learning effect, is also analyzed. Another important aspect of wildlife conservation policy is to determine which land cover to adopt in order to benefit the species population. The applied work of this dissertation focuses on the direct linkage between land use and species population. Through modelling pheasant population as a function of different habitats we provide guidelines to policymakers as to which land cover is beneficial for pheasants in Iowa. Also, regional variations in pheasant population response to habitat cover are brought to light. The data on pheasants is obtained from the IDNR annual roadside survey and the land use data source is the NRI.
Cell Replication Rates In Vivo and In Vitro and Wound Healing as Affected by Animal Age, Diet, and Species

This chapter deals with the loss of cell replication capacity, or in some cases loss of a stimulus to carry out replication, that occurs with aging in animals of several species. The effect of dietary conditions, hormonal stimulus, and metabolic status are considered. The overall conclusion is that an age-related slowing of steady state or stimulated cell replication occurs in several tissues, whether tested in vivo or in vitro, and that this is also apparent in non-first intention wound healing. A brief summary of non-mammalian cell, tissue, and body part healing and replacement is included.
Implication of Replacing the Federal and State Fuel Taxes with a National Vehicle Miles Traveled Tax

A vehicle miles traveled (VMT) tax is often proposed to replace fuel taxes for financing the nation’s highway and road network. In this paper, we investigate households’ driving response to driving...
An integrated experimental and computational approach to analyze flexible flapping wings in hover

Biological flyers exploit wing deformation during flapping flight. There is a substantial need to improve the understanding of the aeroelastic effects associated with the wing deformation to build flapping wing micro air vehicles. This paper presents an effort to develop an integrated approach involving both experimental and computational methods to realize this goal. As the first step, an isotropic flat plate aluminum wing is manufactured and actuated to perform a single degree-of-freedom flapping motion. The wing deformation and airflow around the wing are measured with digital image correlation (DIC) and particle image velocimetry (PIV), respectively. Computational analyses are performed on this wing configuration using a combined nonlinear structural dynamics and Navier-Stokes solution. Reasonable agreement obtained between experimental and computational data in this preliminary effort shows a potential to analyze more complicated flexible flapping wings in future.
Hybrid silicon-conductive oxide-plasmonic electro-absorption modulator with 2-V swing voltage

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have emerged as materials for nanoscale electro-optic modulators. The free-carrier-induced epsilon-near-zero effect by applying a gate voltage is capable of achieving ultra-strong electro-absorption (EA) effect. As the EA rate has been theoretically proved to be dependent on the mobility of the TCO gate, we experimentally demonstrated a hybrid silicon-plasmonic EA modulator using high-mobility In2O3 as the gate. With an ultra-compact active region of only 5-μm long, we achieved a small voltage swing Vpp of only 2 V to obtain an EA rate of 1.2 dB / μm, resulting in very high energy efficiency of 110 femto-joule/bit. We also experimentally proved the correlation between the EA rate and the mobility of TCO materials through comparison with indium-tin-oxide gated modulators. In addition, the hybrid EA modulator is capable of covering more than 100-nm optical bandwidth in the telecommunication wavelength window, which is limited by the bandwidth of the grating coupler.
PROTOCOL: Does executive compensation predict publicly traded firms’ financial performance or inaccurate financial reporting?

This is the protocol for a Campbell review. The objectives are as follows: One goal ofthis systematic review is to identify whether incentive terms in CEO contracts predictfirm financial performance over time; a second goal is to identify whether incentiveterms in CEO contracts predict subsequent inaccurate financial reporting as manifestin restatement of accounting data due to errors or other distortions in reportingfinancial information.
Optically anisotropic porous silicon microlenses with tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles

The effect of spatially varying birefringence on the focusing behavior of porous silicon (PSi) and porous silicon dioxide (PSiO2) gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses is investigated. Both materials attain broad, tunable refractive indexes and birefringence profiles, with PSi having a maximum birefringence of ∼0.26 and PSiO2 a reduced maximum birefringence of ∼0.03 at 633 nm. These GRIN lenses exhibit polarization-dependent split focusing behavior, wherein the divergence angle between the twin foci increases with the birefringence gradient. PSi’s large birefringence allows the divergence angle to be tuned such that light focuses away from the center of the lens. These GRIN elements demonstrate how tunable birefringent materials can be used to engineer polarization-selective optical responses.
Quality improvement in neurocritical care: current state and looking to the future.

Purpose of review Neurocritical care has matured as a field and there is now a growing body of literature on the subject of quality improvement in neurocritically ill patients. This review will highlight major recent contributions in this field and discuss future directions. Recent findings Articles published in the past 18 months have evaluated neurocritical care unit staffing, structure, and disease-specific protocols including subarachnoid hemorrhage and severe traumatic brain injury management. An assessment of current quality improvement practices in neurocritical care was also conducted. A neurocritical care-specific metric bundle is being proposed. Summary The quality improvement movement is gaining momentum in neurocritical care with evaluation of general medical and surgical critical care quality improvement approaches in this specific patient population. Future work should focus on improving systems of neurocritical care delivery through iterative evaluation of structure, staffing, minimizing unnecessary variation, and evaluation of neurocritical care-specific metrics.
Context and complexity: response to Fabricius review of ‘Complex Ecology’

(2020). Context and complexity: response to Fabricius review of ‘Complex Ecology’. African Journal of Range & Forage Science: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 141-142.
Socially Responsible Equity Funds and the Dow Jones Sustainability Index

I use variation created through changes in the index composition of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI) to measure social preferences of U.S. domestic equity mutual funds. I find that while socially labeled funds (SRI funds) show a higher level of investments in DJSI stocks their response to changes in the index composition is not different from conventional funds. Moreover, out-of-sample predictions of reactions to index changes are weak for social responsibility ratings and the SRI label as predictors. The results either challenge the value of SRI labels and social responsibility ratings or the relevance of the DJSI for socially driven investment decisions.
WNT5A EXPRESSION IN PRETERM INFANTS AT RISK OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Objective Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is caused by persistent inflammation, resulting in abnormalities in lung morphogenesis. Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, is expressed in both the mesenchyme and epithelium of the embryonic lung and plays a key role in its morphogenesis. We examined Wnt5a expression by lung inflammatory cells from preterm neonates at risk of BPD. Methods Inflammatory cells isolated from tracheal aspirates of human preterm neonates were incubated in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide and Wnt5a messenger RNA was measured by real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. Results We studied 18 preterm patients with a mean gestational age of 26.9 weeks, birth weight of 958 g, who were divided into two groups. The first group includes positive responders (Wnt5a increased in samples with lipopolysaccharide over samples without lipopolysaccharide or control, n = 8) and the second group includes negative responders (Wnt5a decreased in samples with lipopolysaccharide over samples without lipopolysaccharide or control, n = 10). Patients with a Wnt5a-positive response to lipopolysaccharide showed a trend towards an inverse relationship with gestational age and birth weight (r = −0.53 and r = −0.51), whereas negative responders showed a trend towards a direct relationship with gestational age and birth weight (r = 0.23 and r = 0.38, respectively). Twenty-five per cent of positive responders and 70% of negative responders had positive blood or tracheal cultures. Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that lung inflammatory cells from preterm neonates constitutively expressed Wnt5a. Expression of Wnt5a may be regulated by inflammation and Wnt5a response to lipopolysaccharide may be related to birth weight and gestational age. Funding: Supported by NIH and Hastings Foundation.
Toward a pedagogy of connection: A critical view of being relational in listening:

Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) perspectives define interpersonal work experiences such as positive work relationships and high-quality connections by the mutual growth and empowerment ex...
Cómo los valores y la visión de las familias dirigen la estrategia y la continuidad de la empresa

Este articulo examina como las creencias y los valores de las familias empresarias, mediatizados por la vision de liderazgo-propietario, influyen en su planificacion estrategica, y como estas familias promueven la continuidad del negocio teniendo en cuenta tanto las necesidades de la propia familia como las de la empresa. Este articulo concluye que las familias empresarias que entienden la relacion entre valores, estrategia, vision de liderazgo-propietario, y la prioridad de las necesidades de la familia tienen mas posibilidades de mantener la rentabilidad del negocio y la unidad de la familia.
TRI-n-Butyltin Fluoride as a Controlled-Release Mosquito Larvicide

Trialkyltin compounds have long been recognized as antifouling agents and molluscicides,1 and more recently have demonstrated potential as mosquito larvicides.2 Bis-n-tributyltin oxide (TBTO) and tributyltin fluoride (TBTF) are the most commonly used compounds and have been monolithically incorporated in a series of controlled-release formulations.3 4 Both organotin compounds are non-persistent in the biosphere, degrading through a series of daughter compounds to non-toxic stannic oxide. TBTF has a half life of 6.7 days5 and TBTO has a half life of 15.4 days in water.6 They are probably noncarcinogenic and nonmutagenic, both effects being absent in short-term studies. Teratogenicity is not evident in four successive mouse generations.8 Field studies of formulations containing TBTO and TBTF in elastomers have demonstrated long-term snail control under environmentally adverse conditions.9,10 Both materials are fairly specific toxicants for fresh-water snails, mosquito larvae, and certain fly larvae.
Computational Modeling and Explanation

Computational explanations appeal to computational models, in contrast to equations or axioms, to explain their target systems. These models are typically inspired by natural phenomena and the term natural computation has been used in the literature. Darwinian or evolutionary models and explanations are a prominent form. This paper presents and reviews the concept of computational explanation, and its uses in the biological and social sciences. Emphasis is placed on recent innovations in algorithms for computational modeling. Further, the paper briefly describes application areas that are exploiting the modeling resources lately developed.
Glucose-induced degradation of the MDH2 isozyme of malate dehydrogenase in yeast

MDH2, the nonmitochondrial isozyme of malate dehydrogenase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was determined to be a target of glucose-induced proteolytic degradation. Shifting a yeast culture growing with acetate to medium containing glucose as a carbon source resulted in a 25-fold increase in turnover of MDH2. A truncated form of MDH2 lacking amino acid residues 1-12 was constructed by mutagenesis of the MDH2 gene and expressed in a haploid yeast strain containing a deletion disruption of the corresponding chromosomal gene. Measurements of malate dehydrogenase specific activity and determination of growth rates with diagnostic carbon sources indicated that the truncated form of MDH2 was expressed at authentic MDH2 levels and was fully active. However, the truncated enzyme proved to be less susceptible to glucose-induced proteolysis, exhibiting a 3.75-fold reduction in turnover rate following a shift to glucose medium. Rates of loss of activity for other cellular enzymes known to be subject to glucose inactivation were similarly reduced. An extended lag in attaining wild type rates of growth on glucose measured for strains expressing the truncated MDH2 enzyme represents the first evidence of a selective advantage for the phenomenon of glucose-induced proteolysis in yeast.
HeinOnline: An Online Archive of Law Journals.

Law is grounded in the past, in the decisions and reasoning of generations of lawyers, judges, juries, and professors. Ready access to this history is vital to solid legal research, and yet, until 2000, much of it was buried in vast collections of aging paper journals. HeinOnline is a new online archive of law journals. Development of HeinOnline began in late 1997 through the cooperation of Cornell Information Technologies, William S. Hein & Co., Inc. of Buffalo, New York, and the Cornell Law Library. Built upon the familiar Dienst and new Open Archive Initiative protocols, HeinOnline extends the reliable and well-established management practices of open access archives like NCSTRL and CoRR to a subscription-based collection. The decisions made in creating HeinOnline, Dienst architectural extensions, and issues that have arisen during operation of HeinOnline are described in this paper. The paper discusses Dienst, a framework for implementing digital library systems; the HeinOnline design; creating a working library; production experience; and future plans. (Author/AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 Hein Online: An Online Archive of Law Journals PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY
Limits on thermal conduction in galaxy clusters

We have calculated lower limits for the global effective thermal conductivity in a sample of 165 Abell clusters. We assumed that cluster X-ray luminosity is compensated by a conductive heat flux which we then compare with an upper limit to the temperature gradient inferred from the cluster temperature and radius. This gives a lower limit to the thermal conductivity and therefore to the relative suppression from the Spitzer conductivity, kappa_{Sp}. Not a single cluster requires super-Spitzer values of thermal conduction to balance the observed X-ray luminosity. The suppression coefficient f=kappa/kappa_{Sp} is clustered in a range 10^{-2} < f < 0.4. A weak dependence of $f$ versus $z$ is observed over $ 0 < z <0.41$. Possible biases and/or selection effects are discussed.
HeDGE: Hybrid Dataflow Graph Execution in the Issue Logic

Exposing more instruction-level parallelism in out-of-order superscalar processors requires increasing the number of dynamic in-flight instructions. However, large instruction windows increase power consumption and latency in the issue logic. We propose a design called Hybrid Dataflow Graph Execution (HeDGE) for conventional Instruction Set Architectures (ISAs). HeDGE explicitly maintains dependences between instructions in the issue window by modifying the issue, register renaming, and wakeup logic. The HeDGE wakeup logic notifies only consumer instructions when data values arrive. Explicit consumer encoding naturally leads to the use of Random Access Memory (RAM) instead of Content Addressable Memory (CAM) needed for broadcast. HeDGE is distinguished from prior approaches in part because it dynamically inserts forwarding instructions. Although these additional instructions degrade performance by an average of 3 to 17% for SPEC C and Fortran benchmarks and 1.5% to 8% for DaCapo Java benchmarks, they enable energy efficient execution in large instruction windows. The HeDGE RAM-based instruction window consumes on average 98% less energy than a conventional CAM as modeled in CACTI for 70nm technology. In conventional designs, this structure contributes 7 to 20% to total energy consumption. HeDGE allows us to achieve power and energy gains by using RAMs in the issue logic while maintaining a conventional instruction set.
Control of Tryptophan Biosynthesis by the Methyltryptophan Resistance Gene in Bacillus subtilis

5-Methyltryptophan-resistant mutants derived from Bacillus subtilis strain 168 synthesize all of the tryptophan biosynthetic enzymes constitutively and excrete tryptophan. These mutants can be divided into three classes: class 1, low enzyme level and low rate of tryptophan excretion; class 2, high enzyme level and intermediate rate of tryptophan excretion; and class 3, high enzyme level and high rate of tryptophan excretion. A bradytrophic requirement for phenylalanine is correlated with the rate of tryptophan excretion. The phenylalanine requirement is relieved when the rate of tryptophan excretion is reduced by either (i) lowering the level of the tryptophan enzymes, (ii) reducing the supply of a tryptophan precursor (chorismate), or (iii) stopping tryptophan synthesis by a mutational block in the pathway. All of the mutants map in a region of the chromosome previously reported as the mtr locus. Our data show that synthesis of the tryptophan enzymes is controlled through the mtr locus but not influenced by precursors of tryptophan.
Role of Fatty Acids in Lung Development

The role of maternal dietary fat in the regulation of fetal and newborn lung surfactant lipid synthesis has not been completely elucidated. Dietary fat can modulate cell membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition, resulting in altered membrane fluidity and affecting cellular functions, including binding to hormone receptors and the binding and activity of membrane-associated enzymes. Two examples are discussed that support the hypothesis that exogenous fatty acids modulate phospholipid synthesis in the lung. In the first example, long-chain unsaturated fatty acids were found to inhibit glucocorticoid receptor binding in L2 cells, suggesting that fatty acids may affect steroid responsiveness during different developmental stages of the lung. In the second example, a relationship was established between changes in membrane lipid composition during lung development and the activity of cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme in phosphatidylcholine synthesis. The effects demonstrated in these in vitro studies will need to be confirmed by dietary studies of pregnant animals.
Fast Address Sequence Generation for Data-Parallel Programs Using Integer Lattices

In data-parallel languages such as High Performance Fortran and Fortran D, arrays are mapped to processors through a two step process involving alignment followed by distribution. A compiler that generates code for each processor has to compute the sequence of local memory addresses accessed by each processor and the sequence of sends and receives for a given processor to access non-local data. In this paper, we present a novel approach based on integer lattices. The set of elements referenced can be generated by integer linear combinations of basis vectors. Our linear algorithm determines the basis vectors as a function of the mapping. Using the basis vectors, we derive a loop nest that enumerates the addresses, which are points in the lattice generated by the basis vectors. Experimental results show that our approach is better than that of a recent linear time solution to this problem.
A power-on reset pulse generator for low voltage applications

A power-on reset pulse generation (POR-PG) circuit for low voltage application is proposed. This circuit improves pulse height and noise immunity compared with prior circuits considering process, temperature, and voltage variations. The circuit is implemented in small area in the input/output buffer area of an integrated LSI of a microprocessor and a hard-disk controller for the internal power supply voltage of 2.5 V and 1.8 V with 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. According to the simulation, by tuning the "Charge Clamp" circuit, this POR-PG in 0.18-/spl mu/m, 1.35-V V/sub dd-target/ CMOS technology also operates correctly.
Targeting oxidative stress to treat endometriosis

Introduction: Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. It is defined as the presence of implanted active endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The exact pathophysiology of endometriosis is still uncertain, although several optional etiological theories have been suggested. Being so common, a novel treatment for endometriosis is widely quested. Recent studies addressing the pathological characteristics of endometriosis have revealed a vicious cycle in which oxidative stress (OS) is generated, which in turn facilitates the implantation of the ectopic endometrium. At the same time, the generation of high amounts of reactive oxygen species further triggers a state of OS.Areas covered: The author examined the evidence associating OS and endometriosis. After establishing an association, a search for antioxidant agents that were investigated specifically on endometriosis patients are described including Vitamins C and E, melatonin, resveratrol, xanthohumol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. ...
Coexistent pulmonary granular cell tumor and adenocarcinoma of the lung

We report a case of granular cell tumor (GCT) of the lung with coexistent invasive adenocarcinoma. GCTs are rare tumors and often benign and amenable to local bronchoscopic excision. However, occasionally they are more aggressive and locally infiltrative requiring definitive surgical resection. Our patient had a central and infiltrative GCT, in addition a very small (6 mm) peripheral nodule in the same lobe as the GCT, which after careful examination of the surgical specimen during grossing was found to be an invasive adenocarcinoma. There are a few reports in the literature of GCTs with coexistent bronchogenic cancer. Our case highlights the importance of careful evaluation and exploration of the surgical specimens during grossing of patients with GCTs. In GCT patients presenting with additional pulmonary nodules, a more definitive surgical approach should be considered.
Spectral fitting using basis set modified by measured B0 field distribution.

This study sought to demonstrate and evaluate a novel spectral fitting method to improve quantification accuracy in the presence of large magnetic field distortion, especially with high fields. MRS experiments were performed using a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS)-type sequence at 7 T. A double-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequence was used to acquire B0 maps following MRS experiments. The basis set was modified based on the measured B0 distribution within the MRS voxel. Quantification results were obtained after fitting the measured MRS data using the modified basis set. The proposed method was validated using numerical Monte Carlo simulations, phantom measurements, and comparison of occipital lobe MRS measurements under homogeneous and inhomogeneous magnetic field conditions. In vivo results acquired from voxels placed in thalamus and prefrontal cortex regions close to the frontal sinus agreed well with published values. Instead of noise-amplifying complex division, the proposed method treats field variations as part of the signal model, thereby avoiding inherent statistical bias associated with regularization. Simulations and experiments showed that the proposed approach reliably quantified results in the presence of relatively large magnetic field distortion. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Comparing the Human and Chimpanzee Genomes

The idea that chimpanzees share a close relationship with humans extends as far back as the early nineteenth century. However, only during the last 50 years has mounting genetic evidence demonstrated that chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than to gorillas or other apes. Whole-genome sequences now available for both human and common chimpanzee confirm their close genetic relationship, whereas also identifying differences that may have contributed to the emergence of species-specific phenotypes. To better understand the potential phenotypic significance of these differences, additional comparative genomic data from other primate, mammalian and vertebrate taxa are required. Keywords: phylogeny; Pongidae; Hominidae; phenotype; Homo (Pan)
Bacterial social interactions drive the emergence of differential spatial colony structures

Background Social interactions have been increasingly recognized as one of the major factors that contribute to the dynamics and function of bacterial communities. To understand their functional roles and enable the design of robust synthetic consortia, one fundamental step is to determine the relationship between the social interactions of individuals and the spatiotemporal structures of communities.
CLEANUP EFFICIENCY OF A FUEL OIL SPILL IN COLD WEATHER

ABSTRACT When the difficulties imposed by the ice and snow conditions and the lack of previous experience with spills in ice-infested waters are considered, the cleanup effort at Buzzards Bay was commendable; roughly 89,000 liters (28 percent) of oil were recovered. Of the cleanup techniques used, shore-based vacuum skimming was most successful. Contaminated ice removal was least successful. Burning of oil pools was not used extensively but showed some promise. Modifications of the vacuum skimming technique to prevent the vacuum lines from freezing are recommended. In addition, expanded use of burning and the endless rope skimming techniques are recommended for future spills in similar environmental conditions. Only pooled oil should be collected; oil incorporated in ice should be allowed to go to sea. Removal of shorefast ice is not recommended. The Marco and the Lockheed skimmers were not effective at Buzzards Bay, but may be applicable under similar circumstances if modified or used in a stationary pos...
Integrating cognitive behavioral and humanistic approaches

This response to the case of Ryan integrates the basic elements of a humanistic approach with trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Within a humanistic perspective, a trusting therapeutic relationship, a safe and secure therapeutic environment, and unconditional positive regard and respect from the therapist are emphasized as important factors in contributing to a positive outcome for a child sexual abuse victim and his family. Additionally, a number of CBT interventions are reviewed, including psychoeducation and behavioral contingencies related to inappropriate sexual behaviors, cognitive reframing for both the child and parents to address self-blame for the abuse and other inappropriate attributions and distorted cognitions, gradual exposure for the child, and behavior management with parents. Family treatment is also described in terms of its importance in helping Ryan and his family recover from the sexual abuse trauma and other related events.
Extinction: guidelines for its selection and use

This article focuses on the use of “extinction” as a classroom behavior modification technique: whether or not the counselor should suggest its use in a given situation and how to insure its maximal effectiveness once it is chosen as an appropriate procedure. The authors present some questions to be considered when deciding whether or not to use extinction and give guidelines for its best use. The questions and guidelines are presented in a flow chart format in order to facilitate easy and quick use by practitioners.
Painting pictures to augment advice

I present an approach to designing decision support systems. The approach is to dissect a decision from both a normative and a cognitive perspective, and then to design a diagram that helps bridge the gap between the math and the mind. The resulting diagram is ultimately implemented as a visual interface in a support system. I apply the approach to two prototypical problems in "Command and Control" and highlight two practical principles that were used to guide the interface designs. One principle is that the system's interface should be informative, i.e., it should show users the underlying reasons for algorithmic results. The other principle is that the system's interface should be interactive, i.e., it should let users see and set the inputs that affect outputs. I discuss how interfaces designed by these principles can help users understand system recommendations and overcome system limitations.
Hot vs. Cold Cases: Examining Time to Clearance for Homicides Using NIBRS Data:

Very little attention has been devoted to studying factors associated with how quickly murders are cleared. This dearth of knowledge is mainly due to a lack of available data, especially at the national level. Currently the Uniform Crime Reporting Program is undergoing a large-scale conversion from its traditional summary system form of data collection to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). One benefit of NIBRS is that it enables law enforcement agencies to report incident-level clearance information, including the incident and clearance dates. The present study utilizes NIBRS data to compare characteristics of homicides that are cleared quickly with those cleared over a longer period of time and those that are not cleared. Findings from this exploratory study confirm the conventional belief that murders are cleared quickly if at all, as a large drop in the percentage of cleared cases is observed one week after a murder occurs. The present research also suggests that incident characteris...
Benchmarking sustainability practices: evidence from manufacturing firms

Purpose – With increasing emphasis on the environment, firms are required to include sustainability practices at all levels – strategic, operational, and outcome measures. The purpose of this paper is to present a research model that defines sustainability practices in the context of the competitive business environment, strategic driver, operational and supply chain practices, and performance outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – This paper identifies research gaps in the areas of integration of sustainability practices across functional levels within firms and across networks. In total, 379 companies were analyzed in structural equation modeling.Findings – This study has three important findings: First, firms striving for responsiveness to market and customers also improve environmental performance; second, this study confirms lean practices as an important mediator to achieve excellent environmental performance; third, the focal company takes the lead in achieving environmental performance, and suppli...
Concepts in developmental theories of reading skill: Cognitive resources, automaticity, and modularity.

Abstract The concept of limited cognitive resources loomed large in reading theory for a considerable period, largely due to the impact of LaBerge and Samuels' influential automaticity theory. However, experiments that attempted to trace the development of automatic word recognition processes generated empirical paradoxes because the different criteria employed to operationalize the automaticity concept did not display convergent validity. For example, the development of obligatory processing did not completely coincide with the development of capacity-free processing. Recently, developmental reading theories have deemphasized the capacity component of the automaticity concept and have focused on another property: information encapsulation. The latter property is the centerpiece of the concept of modularity in cognitive science, a theoretical notion only partially overlapping with automaticity. Most current conceptions of the development of reading skill emphasize issues of the quality of lexical representations and information encapsulation—conceptions thought to be more empirically tractable than resource notions, given the history of methodological and theoretical complications involving the latter.
Disentangling Scene Content from Spatial Boundary: Complementary Roles for the Parahippocampal Place Area and Lateral Occipital Complex in Representing Real-World Scenes

Behavioral and computational studies suggest that visual scene analysis rapidly produces a rich description of both the objects and the spatial layout of surfaces in a scene. However, there is still a large gap in our understanding of how the human brain accomplishes these diverse functions of scene understanding. Here we probe the nature of real-world scene representations using multivoxel functional magnetic resonance imaging pattern analysis. We show that natural scenes are analyzed in a distributed and complementary manner by the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and the lateral occipital complex (LOC) in particular, as well as other regions in the ventral stream. Specifically, we study the classification performance of different scene-selective regions using images that vary in spatial boundary and naturalness content. We discover that, whereas both the PPA and LOC can accurately classify scenes, they make different errors: the PPA more often confuses scenes that have the same spatial boundaries, whereas the LOC more often confuses scenes that have the same content. By demonstrating that visual scene analysis recruits distinct and complementary high-level representations, our results testify to distinct neural pathways for representing the spatial boundaries and content of a visual scene.
Estimation of growth hormone content in a single human pituitary.

Growth hormone was purified from single human pituitaries by means of the chromatographic procedure previously used for pooled pituitaries, and the hormonal content of the single glands was estimated by zone electrophoresis on starch and by biologic assay in hypophysectomized rats. The amount of growth hormone in a single human pituitary was found to be between 2.7 and 5.6 mg. When the same procedure was used on single pituitaries from cattle and sheep and on groups of 10 monkey pituitaries, the amounts were found to be comparable. There was more variation from gland to gland among the human pituitaries than among glands from any other species, indicating that certain variable physiologic factors that are involved in the case of the human patients from whom the glands were obtained may have to be taken into consideration in future studies of this sort. The results of this study demonstrate that enough hormone can be recovered from a single gland for qualitative and quantitative studies.
Carbohydrate metabolism of the lung.

Abstract Studies have been performed on 25 isolated perfused dog lungs quantitating glucose metabolism. In three additional experiments 14 C-glucose was employed. The lung actively metabolized 0.53–0.64 mg. glucose/gm./lung/hr. Studies of lung metabolism and techniques for their preservation should take into account its active metabolism of glucose.