cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental and ecological variability of Middle Devonian (Givetian) forests in Appalachian Basin paleosols, New York, United States

Abstract The inception of terrestrial woody plant ecosystems on the Earth is thought to have caused decreases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor concentrations in the Middle Devonian. Decreased greenhouse gas concentrations enabled a series of long-term glacial-interglacial cycles from the Late Devonian through the Permian. Here we describe the environmental and ecological variability of the earliest known paleosols with evidence of in situ forests (stump casts and attached root systems) from the Appalachian basin. Four examples located in the Manorkill Formation in the Catskill Mountains of New York State, United States, are analyzed using macro- and micromorphological data. Woody plant stump casts and molds on exposed bedding surfaces were mapped at two of the sites and analyzed using nearest-neighbor analysis. This permitted quantification of spatial distribution and ecological conditions of these paleoforests. These fossilized forests exhibit both single and multi-generational growth and fo...
Locke on Territorial Rights

Most treatments of territorial rights include a discussion (and rejection) of Locke. There is a remarkable consensus about what Locke's views were. For him, states obtain territorial rights as the result of partial transfers of people's property rights. In this article, I reject this reading. I argue that (a) for Locke, transfers of property rights were neither necessary nor sufficient for territorial rights and that (b) Locke in fact held a two-part theory of territorial rights. I support this reading by appealing to textual and contextual evidence. I conclude by drawing a lesson from Locke's views for current debates on territorial rights.
Significance analysis of time course microarray experiments

Characterizing the genome-wide dynamic regulation of gene expression is important and will be of much interest in the future. However, there is currently no established method for identifying differentially expressed genes in a time course study. Here we propose a significance method for analyzing time course microarray studies that can be applied to the typical types of comparisons and sampling schemes. This method is applied to two studies on humans. In one study, genes are identified that show differential expression over time in response to in vivo endotoxin administration. By using our method, 7,409 genes are called significant at a 1% false-discovery rate level, whereas several existing approaches fail to identify any genes. In another study, 417 genes are identified at a 10% false-discovery rate level that show expression changing with age in the kidney cortex. Here it is also shown that as many as 47% of the genes change with age in a manner more complex than simple exponential growth or decay. The methodology proposed here has been implemented in the freely distributed and open-source edge software package.
Revising temporal logic specifications for motion planning

In this paper, we introduce the problem of automatic formula revision for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) motion planning specifications. Namely, if a specification cannot be satisfied on a particular environment, our framework returns information to the user regarding (i) why the specification cannot be satisfied and (ii) how the specification can be modified so it can become satisfiable. This work contributes towards rendering temporal logic motion planning frameworks more user friendly by providing feedback to the user when the LTL planning phase fails.
The Stigma of Psychological Problems in a Work Environment: Evidence From the Screening of Service Members Returning From Bosnia1

The present research examined the stigma associated with psychological problems among service members returning from the United States peacekeeping mission to Bosnia. The results show that admitting a psychological problem in the military is perceived as muchmore stigmatizing than admitting a medical problem. Service members had more concerns about stigmatization and felt more uncomfortable discussing psychological problems than medical problems, and these feelings were magnified when service members were being screened with their units rather than alone. Service members also reported a lesser likelihood of following through with a psychological referral than with a medical referral. However, participants who discussed psychological issues with a therapist felt the screening was more beneficial than those who did not discuss their responses. The results address the neglected topic of the stigma associated with psychological problems in the workplace.
HPLC micromethod for amrinone and metabolites in patients receiving concurrent cephalosporin therapy

Amrinone (AMR), a bipyridine derivative, is receiving increasing use in postoperative cardiac patients as an inotrope and vasodilator. The hemodynamic response to amrinone in adults is linearly related to AMR concentrations, warranting therapeutic drug monitoring. We report a rapid microsample HPLC method for monitoring AMR and its principal metabolites, N-acetyl (N-ac) and N-glycolyl (N-gly) AMR. Serum was precipitated with acetonitrile, and the supernatant fluid was then injected into a C18 narrow-bore column. The mobile phase consisted of a 0.1 mol/L sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6) with a gradient of acetonitrile going from 50 to 100 mL/L of eluent. Detection with a diode-array detector (DAD) concurrently monitored the absorbances at 320 and 345 nm. Monitoring 320 nm allows optimal quantification of AMR, N-gly, and N-ac. Patients often receive concurrent cephalosporin therapy, which is detectable at 320 nm but not 345 nm. Because cephalosporins coelute with AMR or metabolites, monitoring at 345 nm allows separation of these antibiotics from AMR and metabolites while retaining a detection limit of 0.5 mg/L.
Going to extremes: Social identity and communication processes associated with gang membership:

Gang violence, endemic to many communities in the United States and around the world is a very significant social problem. Given that the messages conveyed by, and the rivalries associated with, gang identities readily invoke constructs and processes familiar to the social psychological study of social identity, intergroup relations, and communication (Lauger, 2012), it is surprising that social psychologists have not advanced such an analysis of gangs. In attempt to fill this void and set a research agenda, this theoretical article examines the role social identity and identity-related communication play in promoting affiliation with gangs, particularly among youth who confront uncertainties and strive for family-like protection. The article discusses messaging communicated by gang members and reasons why youth adopt antisocial (e.g., violent) rather than prosocial behaviors. It also explores ways to diminish the allure of gang membership and raises questions for future research.
Effects of Host Plant Quality and Ant Tending for Treehopper Publilia concava

Few studies have evaluated the relative importance of bottom-up regulation for the population dynamics of mutualism. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that host plant quality affects the strength of the mutualism between Publilia concava (Say) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) treehoppers feeding on Solidago altissima L. and ants. P. concava is a phloem-feeding treehopper that excretes a sugary waste product called honeydew. Ants collect this honeydew as a food resource, and treehoppers benefit both directly (e.g., feeding facilitation) and indirectly (e.g., protection from predators). We evaluated the effect of host plant quality on both the direct and indirect effects of this mutualism by using a factorial design that manipulated N–P–K fertilizer level and ant presence. For the experiment that focused on the direct effects of ant tending, both body size and survivorship were monitored. For the experiment that included the indirect effects of ant tending, only survivorship was monitored. Both host plant quality and ant tending increased the performance (survivorship and size) of Publilia treehoppers. However, we find no support for the hypothesis that host plant quality influences the strength of the mutualism in this system—there was no significant interaction between ant tending and fertilization for any measure of treehopper performance considered. We suggest that this result is explained by the independence of per capita tending levels with both host plant quality and treehopper density in this experiment.
A Wind Tunnel and Theoretical Study of the Melting Behavior of Atmospheric Ice Particles. II: A Theoretical Study for Frozen Drops of Radius < 500 μm

Abstract A study has been made on the melting behavior of frozen drops suspended freely at terminal velocity in the UCLA Cloud Tunnel. The relative humidity of the air ranged between 25 and 95%. The warming rates of the tunnel air stream ranged from 2 to 5°C min−1, which for the studied ice particles of radius between 200 and 500 μm, corresponded to warming rates of 0.8 to 5.2°C per 100 m of fall. The rate of melting of the frozen drops and their fall behavior during melting were continually monitored by motion picture. From these observations the dimensions of the ice core inside the melting drop was determined as a function of time, and from the latter the total melting time was found. The present wind tunnel observations were compared with the theoretical predictions of Mason (1956). Considerable disagreement with Mason's theory was found. This disagreement was attributed to the pronounced asymmetric melting and the internal circulation in the melt water, both of which were disregarded in Mason's theory.
Kinase-KCC2 coupling: Cl- rheostasis, disease susceptibility, therapeutic target.

The intracellular concentration of Cl− ([Cl−]i) in neurons is a highly regulated variable that is established and modulated by the finely tuned activity of the KCC2 cotransporter. Despite the impor...
A user evaluation of four Kodak ektachem slide assays

Evaluations of magnesium, theophylline, creatinine, and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB assays by the Kodak Ektachem multilayer-film technique are reported.
The determinants of Mexican migrants’ duration in the United States: family composition, psychic costs, and human capital

This paper analyzes the determinants of migration duration focusing on family composition and human capital. A utility maximization model is built to show that migrants face a trade-off between avoiding psychic costs from leaving family members and accumulating wealth to support their consumption. The empirical analysis on Mexican men’s US experience carried out using the hazard model shows that marriage and children, which imply a heavier financial burden, are negatively associated with migrants’ duration in the USA. Fathers with more young children under age 12 stay even shorter, because taking care of them is time intensive. Jel codes: F22; O15; J12
Measuring Critical Thinking: Results From an Art Museum Field Trip Experiment

ABSTRACTResearch shows that participation in school-based arts education has declined over the past decade. A problem for the arts' role in education has been a lack of rigorous scholarship that demonstrates educational benefits. A component of this problem has been a lack of available data. In this study, we use original data collected through a randomized controlled trial to measure the effects of school visits to an art museum. Building on previous work, we find positive effects of art museum visits on students' ability to critically examine a work of art. Importantly, we validate our previous findings with an additional experiment that utilizes a different style of art to assess critical-thinking outcomes, adding extra validity to the assessment instrument and our results. Our research suggests that policymakers should more fully consider the educational benefits of arts education, and scholars should consider broader approaches to measuring student performance in nontested subjects.
After Betsy, What?

(1959). After Betsy, What? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 15, Science and Art, pp. 68-71.
Subspace Distribution Alignment for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

We propose a novel method for unsupervised domain adaptation. Traditional machine learning algorithms often fail to generalize to new input distributions, causing reduced accuracy. Domain adaptation attempts to compensate for the performance degradation by transferring and adapting source knowledge to target domain. Existing unsupervised methods project domains into a lower-dimensional space and attempt to align the subspace bases, effectively learning a mapping from source to target points or vice versa. However, they fail to take into account the difference of the two distributions in the subspaces, resulting in misalignment even after adaptation. We present a unified view of existing subspace mapping based methods and develop a generalized approach that also aligns the distributions as well as the subspace bases. We provide a detailed evaluation of our approach on benchmark datasets and show improved results over published approaches.
Perfecting the Analog of a Deck of Cards or Why Evolution Can't Be Left to Chance

(2002). Perfecting the Analog of a Deck of Cards or Why Evolution Can't Be Left to Chance. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 17-20.
Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by repetitive ≥ 10-second interruptions (apnea) or reductions (hypopnea) in airflow (measured as events/hour, called the apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]), is initiated by partial or complete collapse in the upper airway despite respiratory effort [1]. Current estimates of the prevalence of OSA (AHI ≥ 5 and Epworth Sleepiness Scale > 10) in American men and women (aged 30–70 years) are 14% and 5%, respectively, with prevalence rates increasing due to increasing rates of obesity, a risk factor for developing OSA [2]. Hypoxemia/hypercapnia, fragmented sleep, as well as exaggerated fluctuations in heart rhythm, blood pressure, and intrathoracic pressure are some of the acute physiological effects of untreated OSA [1]. These acute effects can develop into long-term sequelae, such as hypertension and other cardiovascular comorbidities [2,3], decrements in cognitive function [4,5], poor mood, reduced quality of life [6,7], and premature death [8,9]. In economic terms, health care cost estimates of OSA and its associated comorbidities rival that of diabetes [10]. Additionally, in the year 2000, more than 800,000 drivers were involved OSA-related motor-vehicle collisions, of which more than 1400 fatalities occurred [11]. Front-line treatment of OSA relies on mechanically stabilizing the upper airway with a column of air via continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Though CPAP is the “gold standard” treatment for OSA with proven efficacy and potential cost savings via decreases in health comorbidities and/or motor-vehicle crashes [10–12], CPAP treatment is not well-tolerated due to various side effects [13–15]. Adherence among OSA subjects can be as low as 50% in certain populations [16–18]. Improved strategies for current and innovative treatments have emerged in the last few years and are the subject of this review.
The Study on Comparing the Different Method to Break the Cytoderm to Improve the Dissolution Rate of the Glutathione from Corn Embryo

With corn embryo being coproduct in corn starch production as material,the glutathione (GSH)was extracted by breaking the cytoderm after supercritical CO2 fluid extraction.According to the laboratory conditions and test requirements,three methods with cold solvent,microwave and ultrasonic was compared to the amount of assessment indicators for GSH dissolved.The results showed that the best method in breaking the cytoderm is ultrasound wave treatment and the best conditions is:time 5 s;interval 5 s;times 30;power 400 W.
Progress in Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Densitometer

The Bone mineral density measurement is one important means for evaluation bone loss and diagnosis osteoporosis. Manifoldmeasurement methods of bone mineral density and diagnostic criteria of bone mineral densitometer are elucidated in this paper. Andprogress in Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) emphatically is elucidated. Technical parameter comparisons of DEXA alsoare enumerated in this paper.
The characterization of IgG antibodies to GalNAc beta-terminated glycans of gastric cancer survivors.

UNLABELLED The elevated anti-GalNAcβ IgG level of serum was shown to be associated with the significantly better survival of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. AIM To characterize the specificity of IgG antibodies to GalNAcβ-terminated glycans of long-term gastric cancer survivors. METHODS Serum antibodies and affinity-isolated antibodies were analysed by the indirect and competitive ELISA using glycan-polyacrylamide (PAA) conjugates as well as by isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. RESULTS In the serum probes, a partial cross-reactivity of antibodies to GalNAcβ, GalNAcβ1-3Galβ (X2di), GalNAcβ1-3GalNAcβ (PFdi) and GlcNAcβ was observed. The isolated anti-GalNAcβ IgGs demonstrated the cross-reactivity to the X2di glycan mainly. The affinity of the X2di-PAA to anti-GalNAcβ IgGs was 11-21 times lower than that of the GalNAcβ-PAA. Anti-X2di and anti-PFdi IgGs demonstrated monoreactivity to their key glycans-PAA used in isolation. The IC50 values of key glycoconjugates ranged from 1 to 5 · 10(-7) M. No polyreactivity of antibodies to the unrelated antigens (ferritin, casein and DNA) was found. The polyclonal or oligoclonal distribution of IgG bands was established and the monoreactivity of antibodies was not associated with the clonal distribution of bands. CONCLUSION The cross-reactivity of anti-GalNAcβ antibodies to X2di and related glycans deserves attention in the clarification of the role of antibodies in cancer progression and enhancement of the prognostic potential in the combined determination of antibody markers.
Abstract 826: Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis

Breast cancer is a major public health issue for women worldwide and 70% of the disease preferentially metastasizes to bone resulting in its destruction. Advanced breast cancer releases osteoclastogenic factors to promote bone resorption. As bone metastasis with breast cancer is associated with high mortality, osteoclastogenesis is a potential therapeutic target. We have shown previously that benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which is present in edible cruciferous vegetables, inhibits breast cancer development in a transgenic mouse model. The present study was designed to determine effect of BITC on breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis. We employed well-established in vitro osteoclast co-culture system of Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells with human breast cancer cells for this assessment. BITC treatment significantly inhibited the number as well as size of osteoclasts in a dose dependent manner in every co-culture experiment. In addition, BITC downregulated both mRNA and protein levels of macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and receptor activator of NF-eB ligand (RANKL) which are key factors for formation of osteoclasts. Moreover, receptor activator of NF-eB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation as well as bone resorption was suppressed in the presence of BITC. On the other hand, BITC induced osteoprotegerin (OPG) acting as a decoy receptor of RANKL and negatively regulated osteoclast formation. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of osteoclastogenesis-related cytokines and proteins (IL-1â, IL-6, TNF-a, GM-CSF, OPG, RUNX2) were repressed in BITC-treated breast cancer cells. Taken together, BITC showed inhibitory activity on breast cancer-mediated osteoclastogenesis. This study was supported by the grant CA129347 awarded by the National Cancer Institute. Citation Format: Subrata K. Pore, Anuradha Sehrawat, Shivendra V. Singh. Benzyl isothiocyanate inhibits breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 826.
Volumetric quantification of absolute local normalized helicity in patients with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dilatation.

Purpose Absolute local normalized helicity (LNH) can differentiate flow alterations in the aorta between healthy controls and bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) patients. Methods A total of 65 controls and 50 subjects with BAV underwent in vivo four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI. Data analysis included the three-dimensional (3D) segmentation of the thoracic aorta (ascending aorta, aortic arch, and descending aorta) and calculation of absolute LNH. The mean velocity in the entire aorta was used to identify peak systole, systolic deceleration, and middiastole. A sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the optimal absolute LNH threshold, comparing control and BAV groups. A reproducibility test was performed for 3D segmentation and absolute LNH. Results Absolute LNH above 0.6 was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in BAV in comparison to controls for all aortic segments and cardiac time frames. Absolute LNH in the ascending aorta correlated with maximal aortic diameter (R = 0.83, P < 0.001, at peak systole; r = 0.84, P < 0.001, at systolic deceleration; R = 0.88, P < 0.001, at middiastole) and significantly increased (P < 0.001) with aortic stenosis severity. Intra- and interobserver errors were 5 ± 2% and 12 ± 6% for 3D segmentation and 7 ± 6% and 12 ± 7% for absolute LNH. Conclusion Absolute LNH can differentiate between controls and subjects with aortic dilatation, and was associated with maximal aortic diameter and aortic stenosis severity. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Electrodeposition of epitaxial Co(OH)2 on gold and conversion to epitaxial CoOOH and Co3O4

An electrodeposition method for growing epitaxial Co(OH)2 films on single crystalline gold (111), (100), and (110) substrates is described. The films were grown by electrochemical reduction of [Co(en)3]3+ in an alkaline electrolyte. The Co(OH)2 grew with a [0001] out-of-plane orientation on all the gold crystal orientations. The in-plane orientation follows the symmetry of the gold (111), (100), and (110) substrates. The Co(OH)2 can be converted to CoOOH by electrochemical oxidation in 1 M KOH at 95 °C, and after conversion remains epitaxial with a [0001] out-of-plane orientation. The CoOOH film can be further converted to epitaxial Co3O4 with a [111] out-of-plane orientation by decomposition of the CoOOH film in air at 300 °C. This synthesis method allows for a simple fabrication of epitaxial catalysts and could be useful to probe the catalytic activity of specific crystal planes.
Overstory species composition, structure, and conservation challenges of a mature, natural-origin pine stand after decades of management

Abstract This study provides a preliminary assessment of 4 compartments on the Crossett Experimental Forest (CEF) being restored to old-growth-like conditions. After being partially cleared for agriculture or lumbered in the late 1910s, Compartments 1, 2, 11, and 12 were included in a combination of pulpwood-thinning and uneven-aged cutting-cycle studies for the next 50 y. Today, these compartments are overwhelmingly comprised of large Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) and Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine). A mixture of 22 other species comprise the remainder, primarily in small-diameter stems. Of the 139 ring-counted trees, similarly-sized Shortleaf Pines were significantly older than Loblolly Pines. Current, live-tree oven-dry biomass in Compartments 1, 2, 11, and 12 approaches 200 Mg/ha, or approximately twice that historically reported for old-growth pine. The effects of decades of conventional silviculture, the limited occurrence of fire, and a lack of pine (especially Shortleaf Pine) regeneration are conser...
Additon of Low-Dose Interferon-alpha (LD-IFN-a) and Lenalidomide after Failure to a Combination of Thalidomide and Prednisone in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM).

Abstract Primary myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is an uncommon myeloproliferative disease with limited effective treatment options. Therapy using thalidomide and prednisone (TP) or lenalidomide (L) show variable objective response of improvement of 22% in L to 62% in TP for anemia, 50% in L to 75% in TP for thrombocytopenia, and decrease in splenomegaly in 19% with TP to 33% with L and was well-tolerated. Additional clinical benefits show resolution of leukoerythroblastosis, and a decrease in medullary fibrosis and abnormal angiogenesis. Prolonged therapy with alpha-interferon (IFN-a) can improve hematopoiesis and reverse marrow fibrosis but doses used were poorly tolerated. Methods and Patients: Here we present five patients treated with combination T at 50 mg daily, P at 0.5 mg/kg po for 2 weeks then to 20 mg daily every other day for 3 months with no response. If this was tolerated, low-dose IFN-a (LD-IFN-a) at 1.5 million units sc. three times a week was added. The clinical and hematologic criterion of the European Myelofibrosis Network (EUMNET) were used as response criteria for our study. Three males, 2 females, age ranged from 60 to 85 years who had failed previous treatments from EPO, hydrea and transfusion support. White blood cell counts ranged from 4.3 to 29.7 B/L. Hemoglobin levels ranged from 7.3 to 11.6 g/dL. Platelets ranged from 13,000 to 283,000 B/L. Three patients developed iron overload from rbc transfusions and required iron-chelation therapy. Results: Of the five patients, one had a CR, one had a PR and two had regression that did not meet criteria for response and one unresponsive with no splenomegaly but stable disease. We noted that the addition of LD-IFN-a decreased the elevated WBC counts and Improvement in spleen size was seen about three months after the start of treatment. One patient had a CR in his WBC count approximately a month after starting therapy. The patient with CR had normal hemoglobin but had to discontinue after a year of T due to grade 2 neuropathy and was started on 10 mg/day of L while staying on IFN-a and P. She developed anemia and required transfusions for 3 months and achieved CR with shrinkage of her spleen size from 15 to 4 cm. The patient who was unresponsive to the combination of IFN-a- TP changed from T to L was stopped after the patient developed hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly. Conclusion: Addition of LD-IFN-a to the reported TP or L to replace T show clinical activity in patients with refractory MMM and is well tolerated with minimal toxicity. The use of lenalidomide may alleviate neuropathy but may induce hemolysis as an undesirable side effect. Further studies using low doses of these agents with varying activities to MMM in combination is needed to define their clinical use in the treatment of this disease entity in a much larger number of patients.
Comparison Of Eigenvector-Based Statistical Pattern Recognition Algorithms For Hybrid Processing

The pattern recognition algorithms based on eigenvector analysis (group 2) are theoretically and experimentally compared in this part of the paper. Group 2 consists of Foley-Sammon (F-S) transform, Hotelling trace criterion (HTC), Fukunaga-Koontz (F-K) transform, linear discriminant function (LDF) and generalized matched filter (GMF). It is shown that all eigenvector-based algorithms can be represented in a generalized eigenvector form. However, the calculations of the discriminant vectors are different for different algorithms. Summaries on how to calculate the discriminant functions for the F-S, HTC and F-K transforms are provided. Especially for the more practical, underdetermined case, where the number of training images is less than the number of pixels in each image, the calculations usually require the inversion of a large, singular, pixel correlation (or covariance) matrix. We suggest solving this problem by finding its pseudo-inverse, which requires inverting only the smaller, non-singular image correlation (or covariance) matrix plus multiplying several non-singular matrices. We also compare theoretically the effectiveness for classification with the discriminant functions from F-S, HTC and F-K with LDF and GMF, and between the linear-mapping-based algorithms and the eigenvector-based algorithms. Experimentally, we compare the eigenvector-based algorithms using a set of image data bases each image consisting of 64 x 64 pixels.
Perspectives in psychology

When psychology abjures mind, sensation and other illegitimate constructions and confines itself to the interbehavior of organisms with stimulus objects, it becomes able to cooperate with and influence some of the other sciences. This improved status marks the treatment of psychological factors inherent in complex scientific situations as definite confrontable happenings in accordance with the rules of all scientific achievement. It is to be noted, then, that insofar as the psychologist can influence the description of physiochemical, biological, and historical events, he does so entirely as a participant in a program of mutual aid based on the fact that all scientists are associated in a single multivaried enterprise.
Canonical microRNA Matching Differs Greatly Across Groups of G-protein Coupled Receptor mRNAs.

BACKGROUND Heptahelical G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) support numerous sensory and metabolic functions and differ considerably in levels of expression. GPCR protein levels should link to regulation of GPCR mRNAs by microRNAs (miRs), which might significantly depend on numbers, size and GC content of the canonical antisense matches in mRNAs. These parameters of GPCR mRNAs have not been studied in detail. METHODS Canonical matching profiles of human GPCR mRNAs and miRs were examined using segments of 7-15 nucleotides in windows shifted by one position over the entire microRNA sequence. RESULTS Human GPCRs mRNAs within larger function-related groups have a quite homogenous matching with miRs. Both the GC content and the melting temperature (and hence also the binding energy) are appreciably higher in 5'utr compared to 3'utr matches of the same length. Increase in the GC content correlates significantly with length in the ubiquitous matches of 7-12 nucleotides. However, several GPCR groups strongly differ in overall match numbers and density. The untranslated regions of sensory receptor mRNAs, especially the olfactory and Taste-2 mRNAs, have the lowest match numbers and density and the fewest miR partners. The glucagon and frizzled families show the highest canonical matching. CONCLUSION Partnership of GPCR mRNAs and miRs could significantly relate to the type of function of the receptor proteins, with mRNAs of the sensory receptors having the lowest and those of metabotropic GPCRs the highest targeting. This could be of interest regarding GPCR regulation by exogenous miRs.
Formal Verification of Optimizing Compilers

Formally verifying that a compiler, especially an optimizing one, maintains the semantics of its input has been a challenging problem. This paper surveys several of the main efforts in the area and describes recent efforts that target the LLVM compiler infrastructure while taking a novel viewpoint on the problem.
Influence of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Biostimulators on Growth and Content of Bioactive Constituents of Karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), 0, 500, and 1000 mg/L, and biostimulators (Delfan plus), 0 and 10 ml/L, and their interactions (sprayed on the plant shoot and soil until the complete wetness) on growth and production of bioactive constituents of karkade (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) planted in plastic pots. After finishing experiment, growth parameters (length of shoot and root, number of leaves, branches, and fruits, chlorophyll content, and dry weight of calyces yield) were measured and also the active compounds of aqueous extracts calyces were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results explained that the experimental treatment caused a significant increase in all measured parameters. GC-MS analysis shows quantitative and qualitative alterations of bioactive constituents of water extract from calyxes of karkade, where plant production of 60 active compounds at the combination of 1000 mg/L of MWCNT and 10 ml/L of Delfan plus was compared to untreated plants which produced 4 only.
Multiscale simulation of transport phenomena in porous media: from toy models to materials models

Multiscale modeling and simulation techniques are transforming the way we can address questions concerning design, characterization, and optimization of novel materials. This transformation is enabled by advanced computational models that incorporate realistic geometries of porous media and serve as tools to predict flow and transport phenomena. Recent developments in mesoscopic and pore-scale modeling include workflows that combine experimental information and direct modeling into an integrated multiscale approach. This review surveys the progress, challenges, and future directions in predictive modeling and simulation of multiphysics phenomena in porous media.
Does threatening their franchise make registered voters more likely to participate? Evidence from an aborted voter purge

Prior research predicts that election administration changes that increase voting costs should decrease participation, but it fails to consider that some interpret those changes as attacking their franchise. Drawing on psychological reactance theory, this study tests whether such perceived attacks might instead activate those citizens. It leverages the State of Florida’s multi-stage effort in 2012 to purge suspected non-citizens from its voter rolls, comparing the voting rates of suspected non-citizens whose registration was and was not formally challenged by the state. Within-registrant difference-in-difference and matching analyses estimate a positive, significant participatory effect of being challenged, particularly for Hispanics (the vast majority of the sample). Placebo tests show that those challenged were no more likely than those not challenged to vote in previous elections.
Abstract 1984: Cell fate reprogramming of liver tumor-initiating stem-like cells via phosphorylated NUMB and TBC1D15

Tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) are defective in their control of asymmetric division. Stem cells are maintained through asymmetric self-renewing divisions in which one daughter cell commits to a specific fate while the other retains the multipotent characteristics of its parent. The p53 interacting protein NUMB preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry and functions as a vital barrier against unchecked expansion as seen in TICs. How TICs overcome this control of asymmetric division to cause cancer is unknown. The hypothesis is that accentuated TLR4-NANOG-mediated NUMB phosphorylation and TBC1D15 upregulation promote self-renewal of TICs in liver oncogenesis caused by HCV and alcohol. Here, we determined the causal roles of NUMB phosphorylation and TBC1D15 oncoprotein in alcohol-induced liver tumorigenesis in HCV-Tg mice. Liver-specific TBC1D15 deficiency or non-phosphorylatable mutations of NUMB, reduce liver tumor incidence and tumor-associated NANOG+ TICs in HCV NS5A Tg mice fed alcohol Western diet. TICs lost asymmetric division capacity and overexpressed TBC1D15, which associated with NUMB to promote aPKCζ activity and NUMB phosphorylation. Thus, TIC self-renewal is dependent on TBC1D15 and NUMB phosphorylation. Similarly, aPKCζ-mediated NUMB phosphorylation and induced TBC1D15 are mutually required for self-renewal. Furthermore, TBC1D15 activated NOTCH via binding to NOTCH intracellular domain to trigger its proteolytic. TBC1D15 interacts with all NOTCH isoforms, activates NOTCH pathway, and induces Nanog and TIC self-renewal in a NOTCH-dependent manner. TBC1D15 cooperates with the NOTCH pathway to support TIC tumorigenic activity and an inhibitor of this interaction is potentially therapeutic. Candidate small molecule antagonists have been tested for their ability to block the interaction of TBC1D15-NOTCH/NICD. The originality of this findings lies within the discovery of the novel oncoprotein TBC1D15 and its unique oncogenic activities involving p53 degradation and cooperation with the NOTCH pathway in TICs and CD133+ Huh7 cells. These mechanistic findings have laid down the foundation for a new translational path for discovery of new therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Keigo Machida, Hifzur R. Siddique, Mengmei Zheng, Peleg Winer, Dinesh Babu Uthaya Kumar, Ahmed Rokan, Linda Sher, Stanley M. Tahara, Michael Elowitz, Chengyu Liang, Hidekazu Tsukamoto. Cell fate reprogramming of liver tumor-initiating stem-like cells via phosphorylated NUMB and TBC1D15 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1984.
Prevention-Based Training for Licensed Professional Counselor Interns

Research indicates there is a need for counselors to become educated early in their careers about the risks associated with compassion fatigue and related constructs. I conducted four prevention-ba...
Making Consumer Finance Work

The financial crisis exposed major fault lines in banking and financial markets more broadly. Policymakers responded with far-reaching regulation that created a new agency—the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau—and changed the structure and function of these markets. Consumer advocates cheered reforms as welfare enhancing, while the financial sector declared that consumers would be harmed by interventions. With a decade of data now available, this Article examines the successes and failures of the consumer finance reform agenda. Specifically, it marshals data from every zip code and bank in the United States to test the efficacy of three of the most significant postcrisis reforms: in the debit, credit, and overdraft markets. The results are surprising. Despite cosmetic similarities, these reforms had very different outcomes. Two (changes in the credit and overdraft markets) increase consumer welfare, while the other (in the debit market) decreases it. These findings run counter to prior work by prominent legal scholars and encourage reevaluation of our (mis)conceptions about the efficacy of regulation. The evidence leads to several insights for regulatory design. First, banks regularly levy hidden fees on consumers, obscuring the true cost of financial products. Regulators should restrict such practices. Second, consumer finance markets are regressive: Low-income customers often pay higher prices than their higher-income counterparts. Regulators should address this inequity. Finally, banks tend to discourage regulation by promising their costs will be passed through to consumers. Regulators should not be overly swayed by their dire warnings.
Management of Gynecologic Cancers In Relation to Genetic Predisposition.

ABSTRACT Objective To review hereditary gynecologic cancer syndromes and outline current clinical management considerations. Data Sources Retrieved articles and guidelines dated 2013–2018 from PubMed, National Comprehensive Cancer Network, American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Cancer Society, National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Institutes of Health databases. Conclusion Advances in genetic testing technology have allowed for the identification of a growing number of patients with genetic mutations associated with hereditary cancer. Individuals with a hereditary predisposition to cancer may qualify for targeted drug therapies, risk-reducing surgeries, and/or high-risk cancer surveillance depending on the specific gene mutation(s) they harbor. Furthermore, there are clinical implications for relatives. Implications for Nursing Practice This article is an educational guide for oncology nurses who often play a key role in identifying patients at risk for hereditary cancer, prompting referrals for genetic evaluation, and providing follow-up care for these patients.
The Effect of Postural Correction and Visual Feedback on Muscle Activity and Head Position Change During Overhead Arm Lift Test in Subjects with Forward Head Posture

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display on muscle activity and change of head position during overhead arm lift test in individuals with forward head posture. Methods: Fifteen subjects with forward head posture and fifteen normal subjects who volunteered were included in this study. During both groups performed the overhead arm lift test, the muscle activity of the upper trapezius, serratus anterior, sternocleidomastoid, and lower trapezius muscle were measured using electromyography, and head position change was measured using photographs. Then, for ward head posture group was asked to perform overhead arm lift test again after posture correction and real-time visual feedback using a video display respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze four conditions: pre-test, posture correction, re al-time visual feedback, and the control group. Results: The upper trapezius and lower trapezius muscle activity significantly decreased posture correction, real-time visual feedback, and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group (p<0.05). The sternocleidomastoid muscle significantly decreased real-time visual feedback and control group than pre-test of forward head posture group. Head position change significantly decreased three conditions than pre-test of forward head posture group and real-time visual feedback and control group significantly decreased than posture correction. Conclusion: This study recommend for maintaining cervical stability during the overhead arm lift test, postural control using real-time visual feedback is more effective in subjects with forward head posture.
PL09.1 Understanding chlamydia pathogenesis

Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection, and is responsible for a range of chronic and severe reproductive outcomes. The ability of Chlamydia to cause chronic infection is linked to unique mechanisms associated with chlamydial pathogenesis: Chlamydia’s obligate intracellular nature, its ability to evade host immune responses, and its reversible conversion into ‘persistent’ developmental forms. The past decade of Chlamydia research is marked by groundbreaking advances in genetic manipulation of Chlamydia, which in turn has catalyzed our mechanistic insight into C. trachomatis host adaptation and pathogenesis. Our recent progress will be discussed, along with the resulting new understanding obtained in the areas of chlamydial virulence factors, immune evasion strategies, persistence, and dissemination. Finally, I will discuss emerging areas of research in C. trachomatis infections, including the role of the microbiome, rectal infections, tissue resident memory T cells, drug treatment failures, and the short- and long-term prospects for treating Chlamydia infections. Disclosure No significant relationships.
iLog: An Intelligent Device for Automatic Food Intake Monitoring and Stress Detection in the IoMT

Not knowing when to stop eating or how much food is too much can lead to many health issues. In iLog, we propose a system which can not only monitor but also create awareness for the user of how much food is too much. iLog provides information on the emotional state of a person along with the classification of eating behaviors to Normal-Eating or Stress-Eating. Chronic stress, uncontrolled or unmonitored food consumption, and obesity are intricately connected, even involving certain neurological adaptations. We propose a deep learning model for edge computing platforms which can automatically detect, classify and quantify the objects from the plate of the user. Three different paradigms where the idea of iLog can be performed are explored in this research. Two different edge platforms have been implemented in iLog. The platforms include mobile, as it is widely used, and a single board computer which can easily be a part of network for executing experiments with iLog-Glasses being the main wearable. The iLog model has produced an overall accuracy of 98% with an average precision of 85.8%.
Solid oxide fuel cell-powered Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) for extended endurance and long-range missions

Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) have great potential for many different applications [1- 5]. The small UASs are lightweight, man-portable, and capable of carrying payloads. For military applications, these systems provide valuable intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and target acquisition (ISRTA) capabilities for units at the infantry battalion, company, and platoon levels. The power system is a key component for small UASs to perform extended and long-range missions. We have selected, examined, developed, and evaluated several cutting-edge power and energy technologies to power small UASs. Currently, the capabilities of a small UAS are limited by its power source. Small UASs are mainly powered by advanced batteries, which cannot sustain extended operations. Small engine generators are not a viable solution because they generate pollutants and can be noisy, which could be detected by the adversary. Solar cells are not efficient enough to be used as the primary power system and are limited by weather conditions. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) still have the same technical constraint, the source of hydrogen, as they did many years ago. The objective of this work is to develop, demonstrate, and integrate a highly efficient, lightweight 350 W Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) system for small UAS applications. The result of this developmental effort will be a power system to support increased mission duration, power, and reliability of the small UAS, resulting in improved situational awareness. Improved situational awareness capabilities will specifically benefit Department of Defense convoys, route clearance missions, base/defense patrols, and other reconnaissance objectives. The research and development efforts presented here not only apply to small UASs but can also help extend mission operations for unmanned ground vehicle systems and Soldier-portable power application.
Enzyme Immunoassay Utilizing Monoclonal Antibodies for Identification of European Eel Virus (EEV), an Aquatic Birnavirus

European eel virus (EEV) is the etiological agent of branchio-nephritis, one of the most serious diseases of eels in Asian fish culture (Sano et al., 1981). This virus was first isolated from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and termed EEV; later, it was also isolated from the Japanese eel (A. japonica). Subsequently, EEV has been isolated from both healthy and diseased eels throughout Japan and Taiwan (Kou et al., 1983; Sano et al., 1981). Also, a virus similar, and possibly identical, to EEV has been isolated from Tilapia in Taiwan (Kou et al., 1983). Experimental infection with EEV produced high levels of mortality in eels and Tilapia sp. but not in rainbow trout.
Front-line social work jobs and secondary trauma: Impact on parenting

This nonrandom pre-experimental posttest only group design study sought to examine levels of secondary trauma in social work professionals and the impact of this trauma on parenting behavior. Parti...